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| 
ae SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 
YOSS > YNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 
at v6 


PROCEEDINGS 


OF THE 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, ; 


VOLUME 50 





WASHINGTON 


GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
. 1916 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The scientific publications of the National Museum consist of two 
series—Proceedings and Bulletins. 

The Proceedings, the first volume of which was issued in 1878, are 
intended primarily as a medium for the publication of origimal papers 
based on the collections of the National Museum, setting forth newly 
acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology derived there- 
from, or containing descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited 
groups. <A volume is issued annually or oftener for distribution to 
libraries and scientific establishments, and, in view of the importance 
of the more prompt dissemination of new facts, a limited edition of 
each paper is printed in pamphlet form in advance. The dates at 
which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table 
of contents of the volume. 

The present volume is the fiftieth of this series. 

The Bulletin, publication of which was begun in 1875, is a series 
of more elaborate papers, issued separately, and, like the Proceedings, 
based chiefly on the collections of the National Museum. 

A quarto form of the Bulletin, known as the ‘‘Special Bulletin,” has 
been adopted in a few instances in which a larger page was deemed 
indispensable. 

Since 1902 the volumes of the series known as ‘‘Contributions from 
the National Herbarium,” and containing papers relating to the 
botanical collections of the Museum, have been published as Bulletins. 

RicHarp RAaTHBUN, 
Assistant Secretary, Smithsonian Institution, vm 
charge of the United States National Museum. 

JULY 5, 1916. 


Il 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Fortsom, Justus W. North American Collembolous insects 
of the subfamilies Achorutinae, Neanurinae, and Poduri- 
Mao. NOe2ibte Moy ol, 191670. 22.2252 ow Seen 22 


AT 


New species: Achorutes copiosus, A. maturus, A. humi, A. macgilli- 
vrayi, A. guthriei, A. pseudarmatus, A. (Schottella) glasgowi, 
Xenylla baconae, X. welchi, Pseudachorutes lunatus, Odontella 
ewingi, Paranura caeca, Neanura serrata. 


GitmoreE, CHarLes W. Description of two new species of 
fossil turtles from the Lance formation of Wyoming. No. 
Pett Ger Dg sin ere ce ee Seana es SS Sate art 


New species: Baena hayi, Aspideretes lancensis. 


Hari, Maurice C. Nematode parasites of mammals of the 
orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea. No. 
Bi ilae 19° 70167) 22 oc edd eu eBus Deke aee 


New superfamilies: Angiostomoidea, Trichinelloidea. 

New subfamilies: Trichosomoidinae, Seuratinae, Oxyurinae, Ollu- 
laninae, Gongyloneminae. 

New tribe: Ransomeae. 

New genera: Hepaticola, [Heteroxynema, Seuratum, Ransomus, Citel- 
linema, Warrenius, Heligmosomoides, Rictularvoides. 

New species: Trichurts fossor, Heteroxrynema cucullatum, O. triradiata, 
Ransomus rodentorum, Trichostrongylus delicatus, Nematodirus 
neotoma, Citellinema, bifurcatum, Warrenius quadriviltati, Helig- 
mosomum verillatum, Rictuluia coloradensis, Microfilarva plimmer, 
Protospirura ascarotdea. 

New names: Oxyuris sciuri, Heligmosomoides linstowi, Filaria 
linstowt, Microfilaria, plimmeri. 


Rarupun, Mary J. Description of three species of crabs 
(Osachila) from the eastern coast of North America. No. 
Pale WIV cosh OL a ea A 2 rans a Si Ge Se 


New species: Osachila antillensis, O. semilevis. 


New species of crabs of the families Inachidae and 
Parthenopidae. No. 2135. May 31, 19161__._-_-.---- 


New species: Achaeus villosus, Platymaia bartschi, P. remifera, 
P. fimbriata, Cyrtomaia horrida, C. echinata, Achaeopsis suluensis, 
Peltinia sublimis, Antilibinia gilloloensis, Pugettia mindanaoensis, 
P. leytensis, Sphenocarcinus luzonicus, S. auritus, S. nodosus, 
Hyastenus trispinosus, H. auctus, H. tuberculosus, H. orbis, 
H. biformis, H. fraterculus, H. scrobiculatus, H. tinaktensis, 
Chorilia sphenocarcinoides, Nazioides rombloni, Phalangipus fili- 
formis, P. retusus, Maja suluensis, M. linapacanensis, M. bisarmata, 
Leptomithrax sinensis, Parthenope (Rhinolambrus) rudis, P. (Pseu- 
dolambrus) parva, Cryptopodia angusia. 





1 Date of publication. 


Page. 
9) 


A77— ed 


Or 
on 


641-646 


527—55¢ 


III 


IV TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


Scuaus, WritramM. A generic revision of the American 
moths of the subfamily Hypeninae, with descriptions of page. 
new genera and species. No. 2132. May 20, 19161____- 259-399 


New genera: Scutirodes, Margiza, Bleptiphora, Maronia, Trachys- 
matis, Compsenia, Macristis, Euchromalia, Alogonia, Diplodira, 
Pseudarista, Cloniatarphes, Nyctipolia, Bradunia, Dusponera, 
Uzomathis, Neoptista, Panarenia, Micramma, Dogninades, Clargia, 
Zagorista, Chirconia, Luberta, Mastigia, Drucwma, Oidemastis, 
Dectocraspedon, Taphonia, Goednes, Santiaris, Aggustiana, Pal- 
thisomis, Burdettia, Synomera, Ipnista, Diodines, Lithopoma, 
Matiloxis, Acmana, Zorothis, Bostrycharia, Schiraces. 

New species: Margiza terranea, Tortricodes majoralis, Lascoria nivea, 
L. laurentia, L. antigone, L. cristata, L. maronialis, L. naupalis, 
L. arenosa, Bleptiphora laurentia, Maronia celadon, Trachysmatis 
ignobilis, T’. mogia, Compsenia catagrapha, C. insulalis, Macristis 
geminipunctalis, M. pharosalis, Arrade linecites, Alogonia peris- 
salis, Diplodira jamaicalis, Thursania aristarioides, T. renilinealis, 
T. espiritualis, T. voodoalis, T. hobsonalis, T. miarals, T. chiri- 
qualis, T. tigurialis, T. grandirenalis, Pseudarista geldersi, Clonia- 
tarphes carunalis, Mastigophorus augustus, M. nomius, M. major- 
alis, M. jamaicalis, Nyctipolia incondita, Palthis angustipennis, 
P. serapealis, P. misantlalis, Physula albipunctilla, P. aristina 
P. cristina, P inscitalis, P. paganacalis, P. (?) ewceadoralia, Bra- 
dunia improba, B. costigutta, B. guanabana, Dusponera fannia, 

zomathis dissensa, Hypenopsis ? flualis, H. musalis, Neoptista 
villalis, Panarenia subhirsuta, Micramma croceicosta, <Aristaria 
mayalis, A. bleptinalis, Tetanolita hermes, Mamertlies croceilinea, 
Nicetas bathalis, N. antonialis, Porosana juanalis, P. micralis, 
Renia morosalis, R. fimbrialis, Clargia bonema, Chabora inoa, 
C. tepetlalis, Chirconia aquilalis, Luberta nymbisalis, Oidemastis 
caliginosa, Scopifera falsirenalis, S. phrygialis, Mastixis dukin- 
fieldi, M. hippocoon, M. castronalis, M. areneas, Dectocraspedon 
braziliensis, D. latefasciata, D. obtusalis, Taphonia peonis, T. gri- 
seirena T. ? semifasciata, Goednes abnormalis, Ocalaria pavina, 
Santiaxis copima, Aggustiana fragilalis, Dercetis polyidus, D. per- 
diccas, D. iphias, Megatomis brevilinealis, M. semiothisa, M. sub- 
marcata, M. hermia, Tarista albiapicalis, Lophophora evan, Gizama 
bronsonalis, G. undilinealis, Rejectaria parvipunctalis, R. cucutalis, 
R.craftsalis, R.zenos, Neoherminiaiseninias, N. ? santiagonis, Hype- 
nula deleona, H. miriam, Bleptina baracoana, B. carlona, B. muri- 
color, B. vultura, B. pudesta, B. athusalis, B. dejecta, B. latona, B. ni- 
veigulta, B. eminens, Epizeucxis oaxacalis, E':pistrema glaucosticta, Om- 
matochila crassipalpis, O. stenula, O. chorrera, O. santucca, Poena 
hirsuta, Sorygaza ramsdeni, Peliala covitalis, Synomera cyllarus, 
S. hylonome, S. crafti, S. isthmialis, S. tanga, S. procrustes, S. cora- 
zalis, S. pedroalhs, S. tatalga, Diodines trilinea, Metalectra analis, 
M. castrensis, M. temperata, M. tanamensis, M. geminicincta, 
M. corcyra, M. lithostis, M. safina, M. roseitincta, Matiloxis cuba- 
lis, M. josealis, M. ? guianalis, Acmana ? apicioides, A. ? paulina, 
Bomolocha morelosalis, Zorothis zacualpana, Z. dissimilis, Alinza 
banianoides, A. cumana, Oroscopa electrona, O. cordobensis, Schi- 
races mopsus, S. mortua, Boletobia marginata, B. pygmaea. 





1 Date of publication. 


TABLE OF CONTENTS, 


Tompson, Witt F. Fishes collected by the United States 
Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross during 1888, be- 
tween Montevideo, Uruguay, and Tome, Chile, on the 


voyage through the Straits of Magellan. No. 2133. May 
20 11 eg eee ae ene 


New genus: Hthmidium. 
New species: Agonopsis asperoculis, Symphurus bergi, Notothenia 


gilberti, N. latifrons, N. jordani, N. longicauda, Idiacanthus retro- 
dorsalis, Laemonema multiradiata. 


TmBERLAKE, P. H. Revision of the parasitic hymenopter- 
ous insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, with notice of 
some related genera. No. 2136. May 31, 1916! 


New genera: Pseudococcobius, Bothriocraera, Aphycopsis. 

New species: Pseudococcobius ehrhorni, P. bifasciatus, Bothriocraera 
flavipes, Pseudaphycus graminicola, P. prosopidis, P. websteri, 
Acerophagus gutierreziae, A. erti, Aenasioidea tenuicornis, A. kermi- 
cola, Aphycus maculipennis, A. albicornis, A. schwarzi, A. rileyi, 
A, subfasciatus, A. similis, A. physokermis, A. melanostomatus, 
A. kingi, A. mayri, A. rusti, A. claviger, A. eriococci, A. luteolus. 


Page. 
401-476 


561-640 





1 Date of publication, 





iT 


2. 
3. 


4 


5 
6 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


t PLATES. 


Section of rat liver showing worms and eggs..............2-eeeeeeeeeeee- 
1. Agonopsis asperoculis; 2. Symphurus bergi: 3. Notothenia gilberti..... 
1. Notothenia latifrons; 2. N. squamiceps; 3. N. jordani............-.-- 
1. Notothenia longicauda; 2. Idiacanthus  retrodorsalis; 3. Laemonema 

el Pe ee ae teat gee cee inc on tate cece he xe eee cama 
1. Coryphaenoides ariommus; 2. Nezumia pudens........-...--++--------- 
1, Gaclorhynchus chilensiss 2. C. POugonige .. 0c stwee Ge cieacen Oaeiaedecs 


7-25. North American Achorutinae, Neanurinae, and Podurinae........... 


26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 


Antennae of Aphycus and Aenasioidea....-..-.--------------2- eee eens 
PPOLTEOOT Ce Ci ase See eee ee ee acing a eek sweet nae ee 
Antenne Of Aphiyeis and AcnasOdeds cscs ecw wa doneesse vices Siesed.32 
Antennae of Aphycus, Aphycopsis, Pseudaphycus, and Pseudococcobius. . . . 
PPR ONAN oe contin abet ese wee aWe ae oadnale ote oa Sawn yee awe we 


31. Antennae of Aphycus, Pseudaphycus, and Acerophagus........-..------- 
SUG UST as a Oe 0) oO og 2ay (17 90171) | a ee ee a aD 
SO IEAILOMMOMHUCHO HOYT? cane cacst ances cots sdnentenecememeses aoeaines 
34. Carapace of Aspideretes lancensis........- S eante aie eentie ois wine eee cee ee 
35. Carapace and plastron bones of Aspideretes lancensis............+-----+- 
36. New crabs from the eastern coast of North America. .............------- 
TEXT FIGURES. 

1. Strongyloides papillosus. Parasitic adult. Vulva.......-..-........-- 
2. Strongyloides papillosus. Posterior end of body of parasitic adult. an., 
AUME Ant. .TUtCsING: 00.5 OVALY.. us ceded Jocaainn dtm e.cnie Sek cones amewais 

3. Strongyloides papillosus. Body of parasitic adult in region of vulva. e., 
egg; int., intestine; ov., ovary; ut., uterus; vul., vulva... ...........-. 

4. Strongyloides papillosus. Female of free living generation. an., anus; b., 
posterior bulb of esophagus; e., egg in uterus; es., esophagus; int., intes- 
Petals WU VN he ania anata ans Mateus eine Sot eee we eeeane 

be, Prcdnnelia- spirals, Male, enlarged 62.6050: ce oben chawencvdeiccncederds 
6. Trichinella spiralis. Posterior extremity of male, showing extruded 
OAs eg His an Mire ai tee gional tele Os eco e lawgte'sawadesoeteaor 

7. Trichinella spiralis. Posterior extremity of male, showing clasping pro- 
platen rinses Be: s UM 1-ljeyl) HE: 2 mle a ee ae ee ee oe 

Ben rieuneia spiral. BOMalOweo. Gad acs Sien scam cee ccuemiet eee ee 
ee! tienosomoiacs crassicatidds: ; Mal@ssc2 ta2.d wp desadeehes motlnc niece ookeds 
10. Trichosomoides crassicauda. Young female with male in vagina.......... 
11. Trichosomoides crassicauda, Mature female with male in uterus......... 
12. Trichosomoides crassicauda. Vulva region of female ..............-..-- 
13. Trichosomoides crassicauda. Vulva region of female.................--- 


14-15. Trochosomoides crassicauda. Female, showing extent of cuticular 


16. 


markings, and vulva region of female, showing cuticular markings... 
Trichosomoides crassicauda. Posterior extremity of female......... ere 


10 


10 


Ut 
Le 
13 
14 


16 
16 


17 
18 


VIit 


17. 


18. 
19. 
20. 


21. 
22. 


23. 
24. 


25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 


31. 
32. 
33. 


34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 


40. 
41. 
42. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Trichosomoides crassicauda. Eggs containing embryos, showing variations 
TNIBN APS Jarvis otio'w ore sis aise cio oie y ote ara ela ere sraiete arate ate ratafetetatatee fe cieoreare 
Trichosomovdes chassicauda,! TEMbry Os «53/222 (10's Sais a niesicie'* seal «is wislsiete © 
Trichosomoides erasstcatiad : MBP Os soe seiccee sacle alate se istalseiinicip-c sicine's 
Trichuris fossor. Posterior extremity of male. int., intestine; sp., 
gpicules'vas:,veaicula‘seminalis=-\--..-2+ cose: -e\-s sa ctlec)-sinaisins siniete 
Trichuris infundibulus. Posterior extremity of male..............-.-- 
Trichuris leporis. Cross-section of the esophageal portion of the body, 
showing the prominent ventral bacillary band and the relation of the 
esophageali tube to the: cell body: 2.9322). 6. Soe escent. ae eee 
Trichuris leporis. Anterior extremity of body, showing cuticular plaques. 
Trichuris leporis. Posterior extremity of male, showing sheath and 


BMLCULEs Se saathan ine aisiererer diets ul etaie'atoia/oyalc’ ci eiela eteiate aie! slate inne apetater oer erent 
Trichuris leporis. Vulva, region of female, showing pocketing in vagina. . 
Trechurisleporis: (ape sssscececcu des sels cacinsetaeees = eee acme eraeete 


Trichuris muris. Anterior extremity of body, showing cuticular vesicles. . 
Trichuris muris. Posterior extremity of male, showing spicule and sheath. 
Trachuris'0 paca: Malet sca cnse sos cairo te Ae tees eee ee ee ere 


. Trichuris opaca. Posterior extremity of male......................--..-- 


Trichur opaca.; * Bemale: si occ. ncsstecesecmacie eee aeces eee 
Trichuris ovis. Male at right, female at left. Vulva..................-- 
Trichuris ovis. Posterior end of male, showing sheath (sh) and spicule 

(SPY aisle a poicia w wloletclniemiciey Siamese tase aiaIe nt eiaretatave 2 tet eines aletnle a) a atetetatet 
Trickuris ovies, Whee bacoses fos Seg cSeoe pss sare Saas shee see nee 
Hepaticola hepatica. Egg....-.- ede ALL See wee sae See Os Seis ee ES 
Hepaticola hepatica. Egg of Trichosome from liver of Lepus europaeus... 
Capillaria ransomia. Posterior extremity of male..........-...-....-- 
Capillaria nansomia.| “ER Sisco nese ce a cieisieiais oe eimini< ora sais! ofa slate tere iar 
Capillaria bacillata. Cross-section of posterior (postvulvar) part of body, 

showing dorsal and ventral bacillary bands..................---2---0-- 
Capillaria bacillata. Posterior extremity of male, showing sheath........ 
Capillaria bacillata. Female in region of vulva.........-.-.-.--+------- 
Capillaria annulosa. Female in region of vulva.........-....-.-+------ 


43-45. Capillaria schmidti. Head of male. Cuticle, showing annular inter- 


46. 
47. 
48. 
49. 
50. 
i 
52. 
53. 
54, 
5D. 
56. 
57. 
58. 


59. 
60. 


ruptions of longitudinal striations. Posterior extremity of male, show- 

AMpispicile Soe es = iaio 4 dacisle titoereetelalets aie iclete ete wisle’steleye aleieele Ste iate ieee 
Ascaris pigmentata. Lateral view of head...............-2--0----0-20- 
Crossophorus collaris. Lateral view of head..............-0-2--0---ee00- 
Crossophorus collaris. Median view of the dorsal lip. ...........-.-.-.-. 
Crossophorus collaris. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view......-. 
Heterakis spumosa. Anterior extremity of female..................-.-- 
Heterakis spumosa. Posterior extremity of male; ventral view.........- 
Heterakis spumosa. Posterior extremity of male; lateral view.......... 
Heterakis spumosa. Caudal sucker of male; ventral view........-.------ 
Heterakis spumosa. Vulva region of female............--------s--e0ee- 
Paraspidodera uncinata. Lateral view of head.........-..-...----------- 
Paraspidodera uncinata. Posterior extremity of male; ventral view....... 
Paraspidodera uncinata, Posterior extremity of male; lateral view.....- 
Subulura andersoni. Posterior extremity of the male (a) and of the fe- 


Subulura uncinata. Posterior extremity of male; ventral view.....-..--- 
Subulura boueti. Posterior extremity of male; ventral view.........-.- 


Page. 


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34 
34 
35 
36 


38 
41 
42 
43 
43 
45 
46 
46 
47 
48 
49 
50 
50 


RRS 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


61. Subulura boueti. Posterior extremity of male; lateral view..........-- 
62-63. Subulura boueti. 62. Accessory piece in anterior (a) and posterior (b), 
view and the spicule, (c) 63. Posterior extremity of female............ 
64-65. Heteroxynema cucullatum. 64. Male (a) and female (b). 65. Head (a) 
dorsal view. ()) ventral WiGW ist. pcsenii d See ealde nside boo sen laese eee 
66. Heteroxynema cucullatum. Posterior extremity of male...........-.-.-- 
67. Heteroxrynema cucullatum. Anal sucker of male.............-.....----- 
68. Heterorynema cucullatum. Vulva region of female, showing position of 
RGM eee Renn NG. bathe he urae nse nedesasceks Le eee eedee Jones JOSE LS 
69. Heteroxrynema cucullatum. Eggs.. : Bh 5 Serta 
70. Allodapa elongata. Lateral view cE cpu eeeuen i jie ‘ead: Seeeeeacen 
71. Allodapa elongata. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view. (a) orifice 
Spe CLAM, fae eter oie apse neomertesie'etite ted gee eG sk or ee Sete 
72. Allodapa elongata. Posterior extremity of female, ventral view. (a) ori- 
fice of caudal gland..... SRE REE Se Se ee ee ee eee 
73-75. Seuratum tacapense. 73. A fragment of entitles 74. mea lor ex- 
tremity of body. 75. (a) Head viewed from the front; (0) posterior 
CxifemmiG vol WC, VONLLAL VICW xc a2 =e sea hess seen ane sesue ser aeees 
76. Oxyuris ambigua. Posterior extremity of rele Sea ae Src Aes, See eet 
77. Oxyuris ambigua. Posterior extremity of male, viewed from the side. - - . 
78. Oxyuris ambigua. Posterior extremity of female........-....----------- 
79. Oxyuris ambigua. <A portion of the posterior extremity of the female... . 
80. Oxyuris evoluta. Mouth viewed from the front. Sheghtly flattened under 


DLR ees eee eau a areal skeet sea creas. See ee 
81. Oxyuris evoluta. Posterior extremity OF Midis ess eee eee eee eee 
eC EIU Ute OMB. cue iwec eats leudseidwe stk eseeetence sacs 
Bom Ooi evouia.. “hemale pemitaliain.tcecss.<awosdeteoasewdesdawven sdseus 


84. Oxyuris hilgerti. Anterior extremity, lateral view, (c) cephalic gland... . 
85. Oxyuris hilgerti. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view.....-.-..--.- 
Bem vii iagerit. SWemale 2. dao eed eee bees necedoeledeasdas ods 
87-88. Oxyuris hilgerti. 87. Genitalia of atnemies female; (a) ovary; (7) 
receptaculum seminalis; (¢) musculo-epithelial ovijector; (w) uterus; 
(v) vagina. 88. Exceptional arrangement of terminal genitalia - 


Oe era ILO es @ WOO e 2 ee Sees ners Si c's3ecice cle Ed ancintacdyak Glen 
BormOriuiuris flagellum. Pemale cenitalia:. ..s..s... 2005602400. 2. eee. cd 
Peron yUreMOclunt.. Females: 2) ecsahateacasnedeanadesd coiceuleceeende 
92. Oxyuris hamata. Anterior extremity of female.....:.............------ 
93. Oxyuris obesa. (a) Head viewed from the front; (6) cross section of 
esophagus; (c) cross section of esophagus posterior of (5); (d) cross section 

Or GsOplagus: Posterior OL(C)scsse2 ot Secte. ac Seecencoduce bdtese booed: 

94, Oxyuris obesa. Female.. sete Stee hes ose Pale eo tee 
95. Oxyuris obvelata. Boaenon aa i: MA] Ce ee aa oe tees wee eee 
96. Oxyuris obvelata, Posterior extremity of female, showing fungus growth. . 
97. Oxyuris stossichi. Posterior extremity of male..................-------- 
Pemomsurie siossciie » Heniales 2, 252... Wise seiGse os hee Sens oben e508. 28 
Bo RO UTUS MOSM VIP PG axe os OSs old. Pee kee eR 4 delete se omc dee ca oe 
100. Oxyurus stroma. Head viewed from the front.................-...----- 
101. Oxyurus stroma. Posterior extremity of male.....................----- 
er meCeiiriis RIPON: HOC. 625 sds irs, wodd ah we Seek ce code een Sok Soest eam 
Bes. Oryurus tetrapterd.. Hemale:ccasé2 26 decease hoes 0d de nese 
#04. Oxyurus tetraptera. Anterior extremity... ....5.02..00222ecacesesccceee 


07 
58 
58 


59 
59 
61 


61 


69 


aI 
= 


aTaadad Ss 
oe Oe He 


oO 


~~ 
a 


80 
81 
82 
82 
85 
85 


86 
86 
86 
87 
87 


x 


105-106. Oxyurus tetraptera. 
106. Posterior extremity of male. 


107. 


108. 
109. 
110. 
lal: 
a2: 
118. 
114. 
115. 


116. 
aI 
TTS: 
LAO). 
120. 
I: 
122. 
123. 
124. 
125. 
126. 
127. 
128. 
1:29. 

30. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 


135-137. 


138. Acheilostoma simpsoni. 
139. Acheilostoma simpsoni. 
140-141. Acheilostoma simpsoni. 


142. 
143. 
144. 


146. 
147. 
148. 
149. 


largements. 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


105. Anterior extremity showing cuticular en- 
(a) dorso-lateral 


view: (G) dorsal ew sone siclase Bom tee aie eeo ope ith at cee eh CS a 


Oxyurus tetraptera. 


Anterior extremity and region of vulva in female. 


es., Esophagus; es., bulb, esophageal bulb; int., intestine; ov., ovary; 
ait) Uibertis a3: valve ais ae eee ate ce eh ey ete Sek oud, oy al ee en ie ee 


Oxyurus tetraptera. 
Oxyurus triradiata. 
Oxyurus triradiata. 
Oxyurus triradiata. 
Oxyurus triradiata. 
Oxyurus triradiata. 
Oxyurus triradiata. 
Oxyurus triradiata. 


Head viewed from the front diagonally.............- 
Heophagealbulb ee. asada. eee sa ae eters 
Posterior extremity of male, ventral view........-.- 
Posterior extremity of male, lateral view.....-....-- 
Posterior extremity of female.; an., anus.......-..-- 
Female in region of vulva, showing development of 


cuticle anteriorand posterior of vulva. . 2.22... chaste dace tee cee es 
Oxyurus ungula.:, Posterior,extremity of male... )0.. cesses ee eee 2 
Oxyurus pallaryi. Anterior extremity of female...................-.-.- 
Onyurus pallaryie “Male. cc oscc2 <2 sos s1s bees be eee ee ee eee 
Oxyurus pallaryi. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view......-..--- 
Onyurus pallayr. Gubernaculum: .Jsceces son ser et] ne cone eee 


Oxyurus polyoon. 


Dermatoxys getula. 
Dermatozxys getula. 
Dermatoxys getula. 
Dermatoxys getula. 
Dermatoxys getula. 
FTeterakis verrucosa. 


Trachypharynx nigeriae. 
muridis. 


Uncinaria 


Posterior extremity. of male: 245.5215. S225 eee ose 
Dermatoxys veligera. 
Dermatoxys veligera. 
Dermatoxys veligera. 
Dermatoxys veligera. 
Dermatoxys veligera. 
Dermatoxys veligera. 


Posterior extremity of male, ventral view.....-....- 
Posterior extremity of male, ventral view. .......-- 
PPlCUlens. sea ad te ee 2 on 


Anterior extremity, dorsal view.....-.......------- 
Row of crests on ventral surface of male....... Seaiaee 
Female body in:region ‘of wulvass.. 22. -\.0. 25-442: 
Posterior extremity of young male, ventral view. --- 
Big oacisc bis ceeeieeme te beau erc abe hs Sener aise 
Anterior extremity. / js sions: seme cs oe eerie 
135. Anterior extremity. 1386. Spicule. 137. 


Posterior extremity of female, ventral view...........-...----------- 


Anterior extremity... 24.522 + eee os eee 
3ase,0f buccal capsule so .22 i... Se eee 
Dorsal view of bursa. 141. Acheilostoma 


simpeont, lateral wiew.of; butsassctiwccs nc Os eee See. Sees eee 


Ransomus rodentorum. 
Ransomus rodentorum. 
Ransomus rodentorum. 


Bueealcapsule:.-. 2.20 sho ba yee ee oe ee 
Male cea tk ie Se coh) a ee 
Bursa, dorsal view. d, dorsal ray; e. d., externo- 


dorsal ray; /., postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays; l. v., latero-ventral 
ray3,; 0:, ventro-ventral rays ee Scie xc ee cm Sate os tere ene ee ane 


. Ransomus rodentorum. 


dorsal ray; e. l., 


Bursa, lateral view. d, dorsal ray; e. d., externo- 
externo-lateral ray; l. v., latero-ventral ray; m. l., 


medio-lateral ray; p. l., postero-lateral ray; v. v., ventro-ventral ray. - - 
Ransomus rodentorum. Portion of male body, showing spicules. .......- 
Ransomus rodentorum. Distal extremity of spicule...............------- 


Ransomus rodentorum. 


Remale: 382 6 Sa es as ee dite i ee ae 


Strongylus (Deletrocephalus) brachylaimus. Anterior extremity.....-..--- 


Page. 


88 


89 
89 
91 
Oil} 
92 


9 
Jo 


93 
94 


94 
95 
95 
96 
97 
98 
98 
100 
100 
101 
101 
102 
102 
103 
103 
104 
104 
105 
105 
110 


112 
113 
113 


114 


116 
117 


118 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


150. Strongylus (Deletrocephalus) brachylaimus. Bursa................------ 
151. Trichostrongylus retortaeformis. Bursa......-..---------..0--22 eee eee eee 
152. Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Bursa. d.r., dorsal ray; e. d., externo-dorsal 
ray; ¢. 1., externo-lateral ray; gub., portion of gubernaculum; I. sp., 
portion of left spicule; J. v., latero-ventral ray; m. /., medio-lateral ray; 
p. l., postero-lateral ray; v. v., ventro-ventral ray .......-......--.---. 
153. Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Portion of bursa showing dorsal ray. d. r., 
dorsal ray; e. d., externo-dorsal ray; p. l., portion of postero-lateral ray . 
154. Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Spicules and gubernaculum. gub., guberna- 
culum®./. #p., lett spiculey 7. 8p., right spicules - ........- <ssasc0c+4s50si0 
155. Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Posterior extremity of female. ............. 
156. Trichostrongylus calcaratus. Female in region of vulva.............-...- 
157. Trichostrongylus pigmentatus. Bursa, dorsal view. ...-..-....--.-.----- 
158. Trichostrongylus pigmentatus. Spicule.......-.-------------------+--- 
159. Trichostrongylus fiberius. Posterior extremity of male.................-- 
160. Trichostrongylus jfiberius. Female...........---.-...----cceenscceceees 
161. Trichostrongylus delicatus. Bursa, dorsal view; d, dorsal ray; e. d.,externo- 
dorsal ray; e. l., externo-lateral ray; gub., gubernaculum; J. v., latero- 
ventral ray; m. l., medio-lateral ray; p. /., postero-lateral ray ........- 
162. Trichostrongylus delicatus. Bursa, lateral view. d, dorsal ray; e. d., 
externo-dorsal ray; e. 1., externo-lateral rays; J. v., latero-ventral ray; 
m. l., medio-lateral rays; p.l., postero-lateral rays; v. v., ventro-ventral 


163. Trichostrongylus delicatus. Bursa, latero-ventral view. e. I., externo- 
lateral rays; gub., gubernaculum; J. v., latero-ventral rays; m. l., medio- 
lateral rays; p. l., postero-lateral ray; v. v., ventro-ventral rays. ...... 

164. Trichostrongylus delicatus. Posterior extremity of female................ 

165. Trichostrongylus delicatus. Body of femalein region of vulva. ut., uterus. 

166. Nematodirus spathiger. Male at right, female at left, vulva.............- 

167-168. Nematodirus spathiger. 167. Anterior extremity of body. 168. Pos- 

terior extremity of male, ventral view. d., dorsalray; e.d., externo- 
dorsal ray; e. l., externo-lateral ray; 1. v., latero-ventral ray; m. L., 
medio-lateral ray; p. 1., postero-lateral ray; sp., spicules; v. v., 
em LrOoy CUBANA a. eaten areca eee at aaa eS a tcaes seas 
169-171. Nematodirus spathiger. 169. Posterior exinemity of male, lateral 
view. 170. Posterior extremity of female, lateral view; an., anus; 
int., intestine; ov., ovary. 171. Body of female in region of vulva, 
lateral view; ¢, egg; int., intestine; ovij., 1, terminal portion of ovi- 
jector; ovij. 2, sphincter of ovijector; ovzj. 3, non-muscular portion 
On WACLOls Wile WU Vets, San.c se ceri Beet acini csi etc ta seen as 

172. Nematodirus neotoma. Anterior extremity of female. .................-- 

173. Nematodirus neotoma. Bursa, dorsal view............---.-------------- 

174-175. Nematodirus neotoma. 174. Bursa, dorso-lateral view. 175. Bursa, 

lateral view; d, dorsal rays; e. d., externo-dorsal rays; e. J., externo- 
lateral rays; J. v., latero-ventral ray; m. 1., medio-lateral rays; p. l., 
postero-lateral rays; spic., spicule; v., ventro-ventral ray.......-- 

176-177. Nematodirus neotoma. Bursa, ventral view; d., dorsal ray; v., the 

ventral ray systems formed by the closely approximated latero- 
ventral and ventro-ventral rays. 177. Posterior extremity of male; 
A bare TINUE ULTNG ene ep tas 8 Siok Se 8 IS Si ae sce es arya be 

178. Nematodirus neotoma. Posterior extremity of female...................- 

ino evemaroairus neotioma. Vulva... 2-355 6-26 40. 2tas oh Docc nan sewsse wes vane 

Rae vemonoauius neotomd,, ONIjCCtOIss ..5.. 26 os eee ek ieee ase tee tes 


126 


126 


127 
128 
128 
129 
129 
130 
130 


130 


131 


131 
132 
132 
133 


134 


135 
136 
136 


137 


137 
138 
138 


XII LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Facing 
page. 


181. Graphidium strigosum. Bursa, dorsal view. d., dorsal ray; e. d., externo- 


dorsal ray; e. 1., externo-lateral ray; J. v., latero-ventral ray; m. lL., 
medio-lateral ray; p. J., postero-lateral ray..........----------------- 139 


182. Graphidium strigosum. Bursa, ventral view e. d., externo-dorsal ray; 


e. l., externo-lateral rays; J. v., latero-ventral rays; m. 1., medio-lateral 


rays; p. U., postero-lateral ray; v. v., ventro-ventral rays..........-.-.- 140 
183. Graphidium strigosum. Posterior extremity of female. ovj., ovijector... 140 
184. Citellinema bifurcatum. Anterior extremity of male.........-..-.--.--- 141 


185. Cetillinema bifurcatum. Posterior extremity of male, latero-ventral view. 


d. l., postero-lateral (dorso-lateral), ray; e. l., externo-lateral ray; 1. v., 


latero-ventral ray; m. l., medio-lateral ray; v. v., ventro-ventral ray.... 141 
136: ‘Citelinema bijurcatum. “Spicules: 222.02 seas eens oo = eee eee ae 142 
187. Warrenvus quadrwitiat, Anterior extremity: -S21(5../-22eu see eee 142 
188. Warrenius quadrivittati. Bursa, dorsal view; d., dorsal ray; e. d., externo- 
dorsal ray; ce. U., externo-lateral ray; J. v., latero-ventral ray; m. L., 
medio-lateral ray; p.1., postero-lateral ray; v. lobe, ventral lobe of bursa; 
vO, ventro-veutrall rays feo bse oe cleo ciths wee eI ane chatter eee 143 
189. Warrenius quadrivittati. Bursa, lateral view. e. l., externo-lateral ray; 
l. v., latero-ventral ray; m. l., medio-lateral ray; p. 1., postero-lateral 
PHY? 0.05, VEDtro-Ventral Tay 2.6.2 b.je2 cle aed erseictn teas Seeenine 143 
190. Warrenius quadrivittati. Bursa. ventral view; d. lobe, dorsal lobe of 
bursa; e. d., externo-dorsal ray; e. l., externo-lateral ray; 1. v., latero- 
ventral ray; m. l., medio-lateral ray; p. 1., postero-lateral ray; v. lobe, 
ventral lobe of bursa; v. v., ventro-ventral ray..........-...--------- 144 
191. Warrenius quadrivittati. Posterior extremity of male, dorsal veiw......-- 144 
192. Strongylus sedecimradiatus. Bursa, dorsal views. - 2-32-42 -2<- 1-<--/5 146 
193-195. Strongylus cavalli. 193. Anterior extremity. 194. Spicules. 195. 
Posterior extremity of female. /2. feo. i. 2 ener ete otal 146 
196. Strongylus minutoides.. Anterior extremity. .2(. 0.3. as = oe meine iateielat 147 
197. Strongylusiminutoides: Sprcules. 1. 22 eee ee ae ecleee etac meas 147 
198. Strongylus minutoides. Posterior extremity of female, lateral view.....-. 147 
199. Heligmosomum minutum. Posterior extremity of male.......---....--- 152 
200. Heligmosomum vexillatum. Anterior extremity of female. .....--.....-- 155 
20N. aeliqmosomum: veriilatum. Male ic... eho anit 6 ke lite eee ene 156 
202. Heligmosomum vexillatum. Bursa, dorsal view........-.--------------- 156 


203. Heligmosomum verillatum. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view. 


d., dorsal lobe and ray; e. d., externo-dorsal ray; e. 1., externo-lateral 
ray; l. v., latero-ventral ray; m. l., medio-lateral ray; p. 1., postero- 


lateral ray; v:\v., ventro-ventralitay— 2-3-2 e een eee a ee 156 
204... Heligmosomum: vexitlatum, ~“Bemalet..2.23. 25> 6. 2. sa eee 157 
200. Hetigmosomoides linstowt.., WBUTSaL 225.4 sa ce) as eee oe ace eee ee tee 160 
206... Heligmosomoides lanstoun:, “Bursace.- 452-5220 oo eee le eee 160 
207. Heligmosomoides linstowi. Vagina and ovijector..........-------------- 161 
208. Heligmosomoides linstout. “Enibryo: 22: 202-2 oes a sees eee 161 
209. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Anterior extremity........-------------+--- 164 
210. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Posterior extremity of male.........-.-.---- 164 
211. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Part of spicule-.....-.2...22--.---- 2. - <0 165 
212. Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. Posterior extremity of female............-.- 165 
213. Synthetocaulus rufescens. Posterior extremity of male..........--------- 167 
214. Synthetocaulus rijescens.. Spiculesss2 5. 222s cote ae Seems oe ee = eee 167 
215. Synthetocaulus rufescens. Posterior extremity of female............-.---- 167 


216. Rictularia cristata. Amterior extremity of female........-......------.-- 169 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


217. Rictularia cristata. Female, a, two-thirds natural size; 6, enlarged.....-. 
218. Rictularia elvirae. Anterior extremity of female........ RE see een eee ake 
219. Rictularia elvirae. Anterior extremity, showing mouth aperture. ........ 
220. Rictularia elvirae. Anterior extremity of female..................--....- 
Peete CMNCGe.: ORS crit sera clare ada ct eartend i edeehsoee wets eos ay 
222. Rictularia fallax. Posterior extremity of female. .................---..- 
223. Rictularia fallax. Anterior extremity of female, lateral view............- 
Pe icrinari coloradensis. Male. Joos «icon < weceecseancnaciwnedteeseeces ce 
225. Rictularia coloradensis. Posterior extremity of male............-...-.---- 
226. Rictularia coloradensis. Latero-dorsal view of head of male.............-- 
227. Rictularia coloradensis. Anterior extremity of female; v., vulva.........- 
228. Rictularia coloradensis. Anterior extremity of female. n.7r., nerve ring... 
229. Rictularioides amphiacanthum. Head of female. a, lateral view; 6, view 
BRUM Ne ON ss. 26 ee alee ee Sate ne eae ea Sasam Lidecce cuclneten 
230-233. Rictularioides amphiacanthum. 230. Female. a, natural size; 6, 
enlarged; c, portion of body. 231. Posterior extremity of female. 

232. Posterior extremity of female, showing three rows of spines. 233. 
Proule view Oreuhicular spied, 225.5 de sesics cs chee win o> seed sean ates 

UN GRUSUICHINIS. CMMI YO. nana gene dacs a seach eal inanisaeeseacscwa te 
235. Ollulanus tricuspis. Larval forms in muscle of mouse...........-----..-- 
236-237. Filaria martis. 236. Anterior extremity, lateral view. 237. Head, 
Miewed irom TNE MONts...c2acssooeeel dace Scecteensiuedewsonss cSt bes 

238. Filaria martis. Posterior extremity of male...................--.------- 
Been MATE WORE: WUOP sco. «dea ute ee tm adeiie scenes Job ae shes ebedwwdlwwma 
240. Filaria subcutanea. Posterior extremity of male...............-......---- 
241. Pilaria crcularis. Head, lateral view:......2. 20.0. sesdaccec cece cece ccset 
242. Filaria circularis. Posterior extremity of male lateral view.............. 
243. Filaria scapiceps. Posterior extremity of male...............2...2.----. 
PP POG SCUINCODS. “OPICUIOS:..ese ete cigeid< oes aan ota sekesneeaees ean 
245. Filaria scapiceps. Posterior extremity of female......................... 
246. Filaria scapiceps. Anterior extremity of female. v., vulva; vag., vagina.. 
Be Mer Odi TOSCNOUT 26 ocd seek See Dh Tana e bodman disdedeatcineSasagee 
248-251. Gongylonema musculi. 248. Anterior extremity of male. 249. Pos- 
terior extremity of male. 250. Anterior extremity of female. 251. 
Posterior extremity of iémale.. 2 cess. 2526 oc 22 24 i Geche enc oeca Scene 

252. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view... 
253. Gongylonema neoplasticum. Larva from prothorax of Periplaneta ameri- 


254. Gongylonema brevispiculum. Anterior extremity........-..--...---2.2-- 
255. Gongylonema brevispiculum. a, posterior extremity of male, ventral view, 

b, right spicule and gubernaculum, dorsal view............----------- 
256. Gongylonema brevispiculum. Vagina and ovijector. /, union of two por- 


HIOTIUGE OVEJOCLON © 5625. nec eee ke Saran eee own, oe es esi ee eee 
257-258. Spirura talpae. 257. Worms attached to mucosa. 258. Anterior 
Ex reniiy NALOIAl VICW vaccudsonetes see ee Naa neSe ese es evens Goeeeaeeess 
259. Spirura talpae. Posterior extremity of male............-..-...--------- 


260-262. Spirura talpae. 260. Anterior extremity, showing boss or struma. 
261. Posterior extremity of female. 262. a, ovijector; 6, sphincter of 
uhice Olsen, <ucaie te es bare cal onde eau achduciee peewieces esse el SG 

263. Spirura talpae. Male larvain fourth stage. a, after the addition of acetic 
acid and separation of cuticle; 6, before addition of acid..............- 


176 
177 
178 


180 
181 
181 
182 
183 
183 
185 
185 
186 
186 
189 


192 


194 


195 
197 


197 


198 


200 
200 


XIV LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Facing 
page. 
264. Protospirura labiodentata. Tead, viewed from the front...........-...-- 203 
265. Protaspirura muris. Head, viewed from the front..............-..----- 204 
266. ‘Profispiruraymuris,,.. BUTsa. << 2 2 Crea serene are feleptale atte «|= eee shel fetes are 205 
267. Protispirura muris. Encapsuled larva from meal worm........-...----.- 206 
268. Protospirura muris. (Spiroplera braunt) Bursa .............-+----+------ 206 
269. Protospirura ascaroidea. Lips, viewed from the front.........-........-- 207 
270. Protospirura ascaroidea. Anterior extremity, lateral view..............-- 207 
971. Protospiruraascaroidea, . Male... 22.2 scence seetcst = - dekesaecse-teeaeiase 208 
272. Protospirura ascaroidea. Posterior extremity of male.............-..-.-.. 209 
273. Protospirura ascaroidea.. Female: yw.;ivulvase. 2). . oes [228s 5-2 oee 210 
274. Protospirura ascaroidea. Posterior extremity of female.........-.....-.- 211 
275-276. Protospirura ascaroidea. 275. Terminal genitalia of female. 276. 
EUG iad ars ats wralcte Sue oe eherete we em Sieta = alate eis etare rem eee tiene ee eet eet 212 
277. Physaloptera muris-brazilensis. Lip, lateral view.....-....-...2.-.---- 214 
278. Physaloptera muris-braziliensis. Posterior extremity of male, ventral 
NECWict'- cicie alalecis Saige = MEMES E outaute, 5 aM Sema ero se aairehala et caper te 214 
279. Physaloptera abbreviata. Anterior extremity...........2-.2+-202250--2--- 215 
280. Physaloptera abbreviata. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view.-...... 215 
281. Physaloptera circularis. Posterior extremity of male, ventral view.....-- 216 
282. Physaloptera ruwenzorii. Head, lateral view...........--------+----20- 216 
283. Physaloptera ruwenzorii. a, posterior extremity of male; b, spicules...... 217 
284. Physaloptera ruwenzori.. VulWascs-- ss ees sso osleiclsisgd tate ease boas eins 217 
285. Physaloptera sciuri. Anterior extremity, lateral view........--..----.-- 218 
286: -Physaloptera scvurt.. Butea. <oi1c =\c1c's ie. sinislols ayteie ciaie (aes Se ote eee Sete 218 
287. Physocephalus mediospiralis. Head, viewed from the front.............. 219 
288-290. Spiroptera species. 2388. a, worm in cyst; 6, removed from cyst. 
289. Anterior extremity; 290. Posterior extremity.............--.--.. 224 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 60 PL. 1 





TION OF RAT LIVER SHOWING WORMS AND EGGS. 


FOR DESCRIPTION SEE PAGE 31. 


NEMATODE PARASITES OF MAMMALS OF THE ORDERS 
RODENTIA, LAGOMORPHA, AND HYRACOIDEA. 


By Maovrice C. Hatt, 


Assistant Zoologist, United States Bureau of Animal Industry. 


PREFACE. 


While engaged in the preparation of this paper the. writer has had 
the great advantage of association with and criticism and assistance 
from a number of eminent and competent workers. I take especial 
pleasure in acknowledging the advice and the conservative and con- 
structive criticism of Dr. Ch. Wardell Stiles. Among others should 
be mentioned Dr. B. H. Ransom, the Chief of the Zoological Division 
of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, to whose policies 
I am indebted for the opportunity to carry on this investigation in 
connection with other work and whose previous study of the 
nematodes of ruminants has served as a model. I am further in- 
debted to Dr. Albert Hassall, assistant zoologist of the United 
States Bureau of Animal Industry, for frequently assisting me in 
the tracing of obscure references and for the many nematodes of 
rodents and rabbits which were available to me as a result of his 
years of collecting. I am indebted to Miss Carrie Myers, of the 
Zoological Division of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, 
for the preparation of the bibliography and host list and for assist- 
ance in the verification of numerous titles. For the selection of the 
proper host names and the designation of synonyms among host 
names I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Gerrit S. Miller and Mr. 
Ned Hollister, of the United States National Museum; while practi- 
cally all of the illustrations, originals or copies, were drawn by Mr. 
W. 5S. D. Haines, artist of the United States Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry. 

Outside of Washington, I am especially indebted to Mr. KE. R. 
Warren, curator of the museum at Colorado College, and to Mr. 
Herman Douthitt, of the University of Illinois, for numerous speci- 
mens of rodent nematodes. Many of the nematodes furnished me by 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 50—No. 2131. 
10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——1 1 


2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





Messrs. Warren and Douthitt are still in my possession undescribed, 
as the restudy of old forms left too Jittle time for the description of 
all the new ones. 


INTRODUCTION. 


There are several reasons which led to the writing of this paper. 
In the first place, it has always appealed to the writer as a consider- 
able service to scientists, even though to a less degree a contribution 
to science, to gather together under one cover the scattering notes 
and papers of other writers, often concealed under nonsignificant 
or even misleading titles. Few reprints or separates ever come to 
hand which are more acceptable than these. They are easily kept in 
mind and are an incentive to study material which would otherwise 
be laid aside owing to the difficulties involved in getting together the 
literature necessary for an adequate study of that material. Too 
little of this sort of work is done, possibly for the reason that sys- 
tematic work of this character is thankless work. The frequent 
criticism “mere compilation” carries a slur which is rather poor 
return for the months of studying over poor descriptions and the 
tracing of obscure references. 

In the second place, it has seemed desirable to cover in some sys- 
tematic way the genera, species, and groups’ of nematodes involved in 
this study in such a way that the work of other writers might be 
rendered available to the average worker. This work of systematiz- 
ing and correlating is neglected by some of our best workers. In fact, 
only a rather small minority apparently deem it necessary or desir- 
able to indicate in the publication of a new species or genus the re- 
lationships to other species or genera or the family to which it be- 
longs. More than that, many excellent writers publish new genera 
with merely the name of the type-species to fix the genus, and do 
this when no respectable diagnosis of the type-species is in existence 
and no specimens of the type-species are available to the majority of 
the world’s scientific workers. 

A third reason for writing this paper was to add descriptions of 
new genera and species to the forms previously published from ro- 
dents. This is frankly a subordinate reason. It seems much more im- 
portant that the preliminary work of compiling and systematizing be 
done for the benefit of workers in general than that new species be 
added by the writer. In fact, much new material has been left un- 
studied in order to benefit by the use of this paper after its appear- 
ance in print rather than delay publication in order to study that 
material. 

The reason for treating a group of parasites with reference to a 
host group rather than with reference to some grouping of the para- 
sites themselves is that it is often simpler to work from the standpoint 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 3 





of the host than that of the parasite. It commonly happens that the 
host is a known animal and that it is easy to look up the parasites of 
the host group if they have been brought together in some paper 
such as this. On the other hand, the parasite is the unknown thing, 
and without literature based on the host group it must be studied 
apart from its literature before any writings can be consulted. 

The reason for working on rodents and allied forms as a host group 
instead of on some other group is partly casual. The writer had the 
good fortune to have considerable material turned over to him by 
Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado Springs, Colorado, including some 
nematode material from rodents, and its possession was a deciding 
factor. The collection of the Bureau of Animal Industry is also 
rich in nematodes from rodents as a result of the work of Dr. Albert 
Hassall, an indefatigable collector, and of the policies of the present 
and former chiefs of the zoological division, Doctor Ransom and 
Doctor Stiles. Incidentally the increasing recognition of the im- 
portance of rodents, as reservoirs of disease and as destroyers of 
property of various sorts, lends additional value to a study of their 
parasites. ; 

The inclusion of the Hyracoidea is quite casual. It is a small, 
rather isolated group that might be ignored in general works on the 
larger groups unless included, as here, without any particular reason. 

Much of the material collected in this paper is in unsatisfactory 
shape. The older diagnoses are frequently worthless, and most 
modern authors have found it easier to describe a new Strongylus or 
Ascaris than to examine the literature for genera, old or new, that 
would fit the case and give readers some inkling as to what place the 
new parasite occupied. Recently the writer counted the species listed 
in the index catalogue of the Zoological Division of the United 
States Bureau of Animal Industry under the genus Ascaris. In 
round numbers there were a thousand species, many, of course, 
synonyms or errors. Under such conditions it is obvious that a new 
Ascaris will probably prove to be an ascarid in the most extended 
meaning of that general term, but it 1s unlikely that it will be con- 
generic with Ascaris lumbricoides. The same general rule holds for 
such a genus as Strongylus. In dealing with descriptions of this 
sort the writer has often been able to determine that whatever it was 
that an author had before him when he described his new Ascaris or 
Strongylus it was certainly not Ascaris or Strongylus. Unfortu- 
nately, such descriptions are almost always inadequate to show any- 
thing more than this. They have been worked into this paper as 
well as possible. The writer has taken the position that it is not in- 
cumbent on him or other workers to send to Europe or around the 
world for specimens of species where he is unable to obtain the essen- 
tial or significant facts from the author’s description. Such a pro- 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


cedure is proper, but it is a gratuitous task, not always feasible and 
not always to be encouraged. It is understood, of course, that 
generic concepts change, but this is all the more reason why modern 
workers should abandon the use of the old extended generic concept. 


GENERAL REMARKS. 


The nematodes known from rodents include representatives of all 
the large groups of parasitic nematodes and make up a considerable 
total of species. A number of species parasitic in such animals as 
the rat have a cosmopolitan distribution and have been recorded 
from practically everywhere that they have been looked for. Others 
are known only from obscure rodents in the heart of Africa or 
America. Many of them are of no known importance, while others, 
such as 7'richinella spiralis, have long been known as medically im- 
portant parasites of man, and others, such as Gongylonema neo- 
plasticum, are of considerable medical and scientific interest. 

The large groups of parasitic nematodes represented by rodent 
species were formerly regarded as families, but the recent tendency 
has been to bring together the genera which are closely related to 
form new families, and I have treated the old family groups as of 
superfamily rank. 

I have not undertaken to give here any notes on the technique for 
the collection or study of nematodes. That topic has been well 
covered by other writers, one of the most recent studies being that of 
Ransom (1911a). 


TAXONOMY AND MORPHOLOGY, 
Phylum NEMATHELMINTHES. 


Phylum diagnosis.—Elongated, cylindrical, unsegmented worms. 
This phylum is a little difficult to characterize. It is commonly held 
to include three classes—the Nematoda, the Acanthocephala, and the 
Chaetognatha—but this grouping is based on convenience rather than 
on demonstrable affinities. ‘The Nematoda may be looked on as the 
typical representatives of the phylum, as they constitute by far the 
most important and largest group. 


Class NEMATODA. 


Class diagnosis—Nemathelminthes (p. 4): Body limited by a 
chitinous cuticle which may be either plain, striate, or ornamented 
with markings which may be simple or elaborate. A simple com- 
plete digestive system is present in typical forms, consisting of a 
terminal mouth at the anterior end of the body, followed by an 
esophagus, and this in turn by an intestine which terminates in an 
anus in the posterior portion of the body. The nervous system con- 


No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 5 





sists of a nerve ring surrounding the esophagus and of the nerve 
cords directly or indirectly connecting with this ring. The sexes are 
usually separate, though there are a number of genera, especially in 
free-living forms, which are hermaphroditic, or what Cobb terms 
syngonic, a condition which perhaps grades into parthenogenesis in 
some forms. In syngonism the same gonad produces sperm cells 
and, later, eggs. The genital glands of both sexes are tubular struc- 
tures lying in the body cavity. The males are usually smaller than the 
females and are usually equipped with chitinous copulatory organs 
known as spicules. Frequently the males have a membranous struc- 
ture at the posterior extremity of the body known as a bursa. This 
structure reaches its highest development in the strongyliform nem- 
atodes. The vulva may be located anywhere on the ventral sur- 
face from near the mouth to near the anus. The ovary and uterus 
form a continuous structure. The ovary has the double function of 
an ovary (s. str.) and a vitellarium. There is no vitellarium distinct 
from the ovary. Usually there are two ovaries and uteri, but there 
may be more than two or only one. The worms may be oviparous 
(in which case the egg may or may not contain a developed embryo 
when oviposited), ovoviviparous, or viviparous. The word “ ovovivip- 
arous” is commonly used in two senses, the correct use referring 
to an egg in which the embryo develops and from which it later 
escapes while still in the uterus. The condition in which an egg con- 
taining a developed embryo is oviposited is here referred to as ovip- 
arous, with a specification as to the presence or absence of a de- 
veloped embryo. The eggs are simple, not compound, and are usually 
ovoid or elliptical in outline. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUPERFAMILIES OF NEMATODA.* 


1. No parasitic males. The parasitic females very small, not over 6 mm. long, 
and with not over 30 eggs in uterus; eggs ellipsoidal and with very thin 


<1 ee ee pee eer ore ee ee, eee Angiostomoidea, p. 6. 
Parasitic males and females, the latter commonly with more than 380 eggs in 
STTGEXT: 1 <a al we a eee ee a ee a Se 2 


bo 


Forms with the esophagus consisting of a chitinous tube which is embedded 

along the greater part of its length in a single row of cells. Male with 

a single spicule or without spicules. Female with a single uterus and 

ovary. Eggs, in oviparous forms, lemon-shaped, with rather thick shells, 
with an opening at each end closed by an opercular plug. 

Trichinelloidea, p. 9. 

Forms with esophagus composed of several cells arranged about a lumen. 

Male with 1 or 2 spicules. Female with 1 or more ovaries. Eggs with- 

out opercular plug, or rarely with an inconspicuous opereculum___---~- 3. 

3. Males provided with a well-developed membranous bursa supported by a 

system of rays typically consisting of 6 paired rays and 1 median dorsal 


rr 
1In this paper the term anterior means toward the head, and posterior means toward 
the tail. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


unpaired ray; and with a buccal capsule present or absent in both sexes, 

or if the male is not provided with a well-developed bursa, the buccal 
capsule is usually present in both sexes; eggs usually (except one group) 
WibhiiGhimr SHE]Se ees ene eee See es ae Strongyloidea, p. 106. 

A buccal capsule never present (except in some fish parasites of the super- 
family Filarioidea) and bursa never developed to the extent or in the 
formuorf the wypical bursavomstroneyles 2) ei hee eae ee ee 4, 

4. Usually comparatively thick in relation to length. Mouth usually with three 
lips, but may be without lips. Oviparous______________ Ascaroidea, p. 39. 
Usually very long, slender forms. Mouth with 2 lips or. surrounded with 
papillae. Oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous_____ Filariocidea, p. 178. 


ANGIOSTOMOIDEA Hall, 1916, new superfamily. 


Superfamily diagnosis—Nematoda (p. 4): Two heterogenetic 
generations, one of free-living rhabditiform males and females and 
one of parasitic hermaphroditic, syngonic, or parthenogenetic filari- 
form females. _ 

Type-family—Angiostomidae Braun, 1895. 


Family ANGIOSTOMIDAE Braun, 1895. 


Synonym.—Rhabdiasidae Railliet, 1915. 

Family diagnosis —Angiostomoidea (p. 6): With the characteris- 
tics of the superfamily. 

Type-genus.— Angiostoma Dujardin, 1845. 

Since this paper was written, Railliet (1915) has published a paper 
in which he places Strongyloides in the family Rhabdiasidae. This 
family is proposed by him casually and without comment, diagnosis, 
or indication that it is new, and the present writer is unable to state 
the grounds for this action. Previously Railliet (1893) had listed 
Strongyloides in the family Angiostomidae as given here. 


Genus STRONGYLOIDES Grassi, 18790. 


Synonyms.—Strongiloides Grassi, 1879a; Pseudo-rhabditis Per- 
roncito, 1881. 

Generic diagnosis—Angiostomidae (p. 6): Parasitic form with 
mouth opening directly into the relatively very long subcylindrical 
esophagus. Mouth surrounded by small papillae, apparently six in 
number, according to Ransom (1911a) and surrounded by four lips, 
according to Gedoelst (1911). Cuticle finely striated transversely, 
sometimes presenting also the appearance of longitudinal striation. 
Vulva posterior of the middle of the body. Uterus double.’ Two 
ovaries. Eggs ellipsoidal, with thin shells. Free-living form with 
mouth opening into a vestibule or pharynx, followed by an esopha- 
gus of which the anterior portion is fusiform and the posterior por- 
tion is globular. The posterior bulb of the esophagus in the free- 
living form is furnished with a toothed masticatory apparatus. 
Free-living male with two short equal spicules. 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. ; Wi 





Type-species.—Strongyloides intestinalis (Bavay, 
1877) Grassi, 1879=Strongyloides stercoralis (Da- 
vay, 1876). 


STRONGYLOIDES PAPILLOSUS (Wedl, 1856) Ransom, rg11@. 


Synonyms. — Trichosomum papillosum Wedl, 
1856; Rhabdonema longus Grassi and Segré, 1887; 
Strongyloides longus (Grassi and Segré, 1887) 
Rovelli, 1888a. 

Specific diagnosis —Strongyloides (p. 6): Para- 
sitie generation.—Length 3.5 to 6 mm., thickness 50 
to 60p. Body (fig. 1) filiform, of nearly equal thick- 
ness throughout most of its length, gradually atten- 
uated anteriorly to a diameter of about 15 p at the 
head. Posterior end of body (fig. 2) diminished in 
size backward beginning some distance in front of 
the anus near the loop of the posterior ovary, then 
suddenly reduced just behind the anus, and termi- 
nating in a short slightly tapering tail with rounded 
tip. Esophagus increases gradually in size poste- 
riorly, and is 650 to 800 y long. Diameter of body at 
base of esophagus 40 to 50 uz. 
Anus 55 to 70 yp from tip of the 
tail. Diameter of body at anus 
about 20y. Vulva (fig.3) atrans- 
verse slit with rather salient lips 
situated 1.6 to 2 mm. from the 
posterior end of the body. Eggs 
ellipsoidal with very thin shells, 
40 by 20 p. to 60 by 25 » in diame- 
ter. Not more than a dozen or 15 
fully formed eggs present in the 
two uteri at any one time. Eggs 
when passed in the feces of the 
host usually contain vermiform 
embryos which hatch in a few 

hours under suitable conditions 
Tic. 1.—STRONGYLOIDES 
PAPILLOSUS, PARASITIC of temperature. 
avutt, *Vutva. X15. LW ree-living generation. — Male 
Armen Ransom, 1911. undescribed. Female (fig. 4) 1 to 








Fig. 2.—STRONGYLOIDES 
PAPILLOSUS. POSTE- 
RIOR END OF BODY OF 
PARASITICADULT. an., 
ANUS; int., INTESTINE; 
ov., OVARY. X 300. 
AFTER RaANsoM, 1911. 


1.2 mm. long by 40 » in thickness. Esophagus one-tenth to one- 
seventh of the total length of the body. Vulva with salient lips, near 
the middle of the body. Tail slender, acutely pointed. Anus about 
one-tenth of the length of the body from the posterior end. Eggs 


with thin shell, 65 by 30 yp. in diameter. 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


vou. 50. 


Life history—The life history presents several possibilities: 

First. The parthenogenetic female parasitic in the intestine pro- 
duces eggs which are deposited in the epi- 
thelial cells lining the crypts and covering 


Tia. 3.—STRONGYLOIDES PAPIL- 
Losus. Bopy OF PARASITIC 
ADULT IN REGION OF VULVA. 
€., EGG; int., INTESTINE; 0v., 
OVARY; wut., UTERUS; 
VULVA. X 300. AFTER RAN- 
SoM, 1911. 





vul., 


the villi in the small intestine. 
From these eggs embryos develop 
which transform to rhabditiform 
larvae, escape to the lumen of the 
intestine, and are passed out in 
the feces; outside of the body 
these become mature free-living 
males and females, mate, and pro- 
duce free-living rhabditiform 
embryos; these transform into 
free-living filariform larvae, and 
these may enter the body of the 
host by the mouth or through the 
skin and develop into the par- 
thenogenetic females. 

Second. The parasitic female 
produces eggs, which give rise, as 
above, to rhabditiform larvae, 
which are passed out in the feces 
and there transform into filari- 
form larvae; these latter infect 
the host animal, thus omitting the 
free-living adult stage. 

Third. It is also thought that 
the parasitic female may give rise 
to rhabditiform larvae, which 
transform to filariform larvae in 
the intestine of the host, and by 
subsequent development to adults 
cause autoinfection. 

Hosts.—Oryctolagus cuniculus 
(Lepus cuniculus), Epimys nor- 
vegicus (Mus decumanus), “ and 
other rodents.” 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Localities. — Kurope, United 
States, ? South America. 





Fic. 4.—STRON- 
GYLOIDES PA- 
PILLOSUS. FE- 
MALE OF FREE 
LIVING GENE- 
RATION. @n., 
ANuS; b., POS- 
TERIOR BULB 
OF ESOPHA- 
GUS; €., EGGIN 
UTERUS; €3., 
ESOPHAGUS; 
int., INTES- 
TINE; vul., 
VULVA. X100. 
AFTER RAN- 
som, 1911. 


In Ransom’s (1911a) excellent monograph of the nematodes of 
ruminants he has covered this species so well that I have been able 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 5 


to cover the topic to my satisfaction by practically transcribing his 
descriptions and figures. These are adequate for all purposes of 
identification, which is the standard proposed for this paper. Ran- 
som has adequately discussed the literature relating to this worm, 
and I have adopted his views of the nomenclature as set forth in his 
paper. 

STRONGYLOIDES species Parona. 


I have seen a reference to Strongyloides species from a rodent, 
said to have been noted by Parona, but I have been unable to locate 
eny paper by Parona covering this observation. 


TRICHINELLOIDEA Hall, 1916, new superfamily. 


Superfamily diagnosis —Nematoda (p. 4): Esophagus consists of 
a chitinous tube which is embedded along the greater part of its 
length in a chain of single cells. The anterior portion of the body, 
occupied by the esophagus, usually very slender; the posterior por- 
tion, occupied by the intestine and reproductive organs, more or less 
swollen, or at least thicker than the anterior portion. Anus terminal 
or subterminal. Male with only one spicule or with no spicule. One 
testis. Female with one ovary. Vulva situated at the junction of the 
anterior and posterior portion of the body. Oviparous or ovovi- 
viparous. In digestive tract or adnexa or in urinary bladder as 
adults. Life history usually simple. Larva of at least one intestinal 
form penetrates to and encysts in the musculature of the host of the 
adult worm. 

Type-family—tTrichinellidae Stiles and Crane, 1910. 


Family TRICHINELLIDAE Stiles and Crane, 1910. 


Family diagnosis—Trichinelloidea (p. 9): Characters of the 
superfamily. 
Type-genus.—Trichinella Railliet, 1895. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF TRICHINELLIDAE. 


1. Male with 1 spicule or at least with a copulatory sheath___Trichurinae, p. 19. 


Male without spicule or copulatory sheath _________________ De 
2. Egg spherical, without true egg shell; ovoviviparous; males not parasitic in 
females; adult worms in digestive tract____________ Trichinellinae, p. 10. 


Eggs variable in shape and with true, thick shell and opercular plugs; ovip- 
arous ; males parasitic in the uterus. of females; worms in kidney pelvis, 
ureters or in the urinary bladder______________ Trichosomoidinae, p. 12. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50, 





Subfamily TRICHINELLINAHEH Ransom, 191ica 


Subfamily diagnosis—tTrichinellidae (p. 9): Male without spic- 
ule. Female ovoviviparous; the spherical egg is surrounded with a 
delicate membrane and is without a true eggshell. Worms in the 
intestine of the host animal. 

Type-genus.—Trichinella Railliet, 1895. 


Genus TRICHINELLA Railliet, 1895. 


Generic diagnosis.—Trichinellinae (p. 10): With the 
characters of the subfamily. 

Type-species.—T richinella spiralis (Owen, 1835) 
Railliet, 1895. 


TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS (Owen, 1835) Railliet, 1895. 

Synonyms.—T richina spiralis Owen, 1835; Trichina 
circumflexa Polonio, 1860. 

Specific diagnosis.—Trichinella (p. 10): Minute 
worms of nearly uniform diameter throughout, becom- 
ing somewhat thicker posteriorly. The small head has 
a round unarmed mouth which opens into a distinct 
tubular portion of the esophagus which in turn is fol- 
lowed by the chain of single cells characteristic of the 
superfamily. This is stated to be half of the length of 
the body, but is figured as quite a little more or less by 
various authors. It consists of a thin chitinous tube of 
triangular cross section, which is embedded in a string 
of vesicular cells, the individual cells thus surrounding 
the tube on all sides. These cells and the esophageal 
tube inclosed by them are surrounded by a common 
membrane. The cells may perhaps 
have the function of digestive glands. 
At the posterior end of the esophagus 
are two inconstant lateral appendages 
which have been taken for ceca, but 
which according to Leuckart are solid 
cell structures. Following the esopha- 
gus is the thin-walled intestine, flask- 
ea shaped at its origin. On the inner side ee aes eee 

werta spr fat cells are visible in places. The in- — Riorextremry or 

Raus. Mate. testine terminates in the rectum, a mus- fe ae 

Ree: cular tube lined with chitin. In — Entancep. Arter 

ART, 1866. sexually mature males the rectum is 9 ‘7V™*™ 1° 
longer and its musculature thicker. The anus is terminal and in the 
form of a cleft. 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. ee 








Male (fig. 5) 1.4 to 1.6 mm. long by 40 » thick. The single testis 
originates in the posterior portion of the body and extends ante- 
riorly to about the posterior end of the esophagus; here it turns back 
and becomes the vesicula ‘seminalis, which terminates at the anal aper- 
ture to form a cloaca. This terminal portion of the 
vesicula and the cloaca can be protruded in copulation 
(fig. 6). Two conical projections (fig. 7), 10 » long, 
are situated one on each side of the cloaca. These 
are bent toward the ventral side and serve to hold the 
female in copula. Between these lie four papillae, the 
anterior pair hemispherical, the posterior pair conical. 

Female (fig. 8) 3 to 4mm. long by 60 p thick. The 
single ovary begins in the posterior end of the body, 
extends anteriorly for a short distance, and trans- 
forms into the uterus, which is clothed with a smail- 
celled epithelium. The ovary and uterus appear to 
be separated by a constriction. The uterus trans- 
forms into the vagina near the posterior end of the 
esophagus, and as such extends forward to the vulva, 
which is on the ventral side near the middle of the 
esophagus and about one-fifth of the body length 
from the anterior end. The eggs are subspherical 
and are 40 by 30» in diameter. There is a very deli- 
cate vitelline membrane, but no true eggshell. The 
embryos are developed in the uterus and escape from 
the surrounding membrane while there. The em- 
bryos are 100 to 160 p long by 9 u 
thick, the anterior end being the 
thicker and the worm decreasing in 
diameter toward the posterior end. 

Life history —The adult male and 
female trichinae copulate in the in- 
mic. 7—Trienr. 'eStine of the host animal. The 

neta spratiss Male then dies, while the female 
eee oracise, bores into the mucosa, in the glands 
snowing crase- Of Lieberkiihn, and attains the 
Men earmnae lymph spaces. Here the embryos fie. &—Trrent- 
Enzarenp. are deposited, beginning about a  Payaue. Ee 


FTER Ez - f int 1 
Pa ne a> week after the infection. The fe-  — tarcup. Arter 
, 1866. LEUCKART, 1866. 





male lives five to six weeks longer 
and bears during this time 1,500 to 1,800 (Braun says 10,000) 
embryos. In part actively and in part passively, the embryos make 
their way by the lymphatic and blood channels throughout the en- 
tire body and finally come to rest in the voluntary muscles, where 


12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


they force their way from the intermusculature connective tissue into 
the sarcolemma. Here they show active movement and develop to 
the infective larval state. They attain a length of 800 » to 1 mm. 
and a thickness of 30 » and are found enrolled in a coil two to three 
weeks after the infection. The anterior portion of the larvae is now 
the thinner and more pointed, the posterior is thicker and rounded. 
The sex organs are rudimentary, but the two sexes can be differen- 
tiated. The larvae lie with the ventral surface toward the periphery 
of the cyst; in the female the primordium of the genitalia may be 
seen on the ventral side of the posterior portion of the esophagus; 
while in the male the genital primordium is on the dorsal surface. 
Farre’s granules may also be seen in the female genitalia. These 
larvae are at first free inside the sarcolemma, later encapsuled and 
rolled in spirals, rings, or figures of eight. When the larval trichinae 
from the muscles are ingested by a suitable animal, the capsule is 
digested in the stomach and the larvae are set free. This may take 
place in 24 hours. These larvae enter the intestine and in one to five 
days become sexually mature. In three to four days after infec- 
tion, the worms are found in copula. There are about 12 females to 
each male. 

Hosts —E pimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), Mus musculus, Mus 
albus, Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus), Lepus europaeus 
(Lepus timidus), Cavia porcellus (Cavia cobaya), Cricetus cricetus 
(Cricetus frumentarius), and numerous hosts in groups of mammals 
not covered in this paper. 

Location.—Small intestine. Larvae in musculature. 

Locality—Cosmopolitan. 


TRICHOSOMOIDINAHR FEHall, 1916, new subfamily. 


Subfamily diagnosis.—Trichinellidae (p. 9): Males without 
spicule or sheath and parasitic in the vagina or uterus of females; 
eggs with opercular plug at each end and containing embryos when 
oviposited. In urinary bladder, ureters, and pelvis of kidney. 

Type-genus.—T richosomoides Railliet, 1895. 


Genus TRICHOSOMOIDES Railliet, 1895. 


Synonyms.—Trichosoma Rudolphi, 1819, of Bellingham, 1845, 
Trichocephalus Schrank, 1788, of Eberth, 1863; 77richodes von Lin- 
stow, 1874. 

Generic diagnosis.—Trichosomoidinae (p. 12): With the char- 
acters of the subfamily. 

Type-species—T richosomoides crassicauda (Bellingham, 1845) 
Railhiet, 1895. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 13 





TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA (Bellingham, 1845) Railliet, 1895. 


Synonyms.—T richosoma crassicauda Bellingham, 1845; Trichoso- 
mum crassicauda (Bellingham, 1845) Eberth, 1863; 7'richocephalus 
erassicauda (Bellingham, 1845) Eberth, 1863; 7richodes crassicauda 
(Bellingham, 1845) von Linstow, 1874; 7richosoma muris decumant 
Bayer of Stossich, 1890. 

Specific diagnosis —T richoso- 
moides (p.12) : Male and female 
very dissimilar in size, the male 
commonly found parasitic in 
the vagina or uterus of the fe- 
male. Anus terminal in both 
sexes, 

Male 1.46 to 2.5 mm. long and 
93 to 33 p. thick (figs. 9 and 10). 
Anterior terminal portion of 
esophagus devoid of cell body; 
according to von Linstow 
(1874), the portion of esopha- 
gus surrounded by the cell chain 
is equal in length to about half 
the total body length. The in- 
testine has numerous fine re- 
fractive nuclei in its wall, these 
being especially prominent in 
somewhat macerated specimens. 
There is no spicule, bursa, or 
trace of copulatory organs of 
any sort, a lack correlated with 
the fact that the male lives in 
the vagina and uterus of the 
female. The single tubular 
testis originates in the anterior 
portion of the body and trans- 
forms into the vesicula semi- 
nalis which is filled with spermatozoa showing a small dark spherical 
nucleus. 

Female 10.5 to 13 mm. long and attaining a maximum thick- 
ness in the posterior portion of the body of around 200 p. (figs. 10 
and 11). Anterior 200 to 260 » of esophagus devoid of a surround- 
ing cell body, and followed by a short transitional portion where 
there is a gradually enlarging protoplasmic structure surrounding 
the chitinous central tube and continued by the cell body posteriorly. 





Fic. 9.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. MALE. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 


The prevulvar portion of the body, or the esophageal portion, is 
equal in length to a little more than one-sixth of the entire body 
length. The head is rounded and is 20 to 22 py in diameter. From 
the head the body enlarges gradually to the posterior end, which is 
rounded or bluntly conical. In mature females the cuticle is usually 
smooth for a short distance posterior of the head and is then trans- 
versely striated, the striations showing in profile as serrations in 
some cases, but usually 
presenting the appear- 
ance of hemispherical 
beading (figs. 10 and 
13). The vulva (figs. 
12 and 13) is ventral, 
just posterior of the 
posterior termination 
of the esophagus, and 
forms a transverse slit 
at the summit of a more 
or less prominent cone. 
The portion of the body 
following the vulva is 
marked for a distance of 
3to4mm. by a series of 
irregularly arranged, 
hemispherical to fungi- 
form cuticular eleva- 
tions (figs. 14 and 15) 
in three or four rows 
along the ventral sur- 
face. These elevations 
are usually conspicu- 
ous; in the freshly col- 
lected worms they are 
clear and refractive hy- 


¥iG, 10.—TRIcHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUD’. Youne FEMALE wimn 2lime structures, but in 
MALE IN VAGINA. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LinstTow, 1874. alcoholic material they 





are often dark and in one glycerin mount they are a reddish brown; 
they are round to oval in shape and 4 to 13 in diameter. Another row 
of smaller inconspicuous elevations, about 2 yin diameter, may be seen 
in the vicinity of the vulva, extending for a short distance anteriorly 
and posteriorly (fig. 15). The uterus extends to the posterior end 
of the worm and then turns forward, the uterus and ovary forming 
a series of loops with the long axis parallel, in a general way, to that 
of the worm (fig. 16). The eggs (fig. 17) are strikingly variable, 


no. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 15 


especially along the short diameter, ranging from subspherical to 
cylindrical, and are 62 to 72 » long and 25 to 56 w wide; the opercular 





imm., 


Fig. 11.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. MATURE FEMALE WITH MALE IN UTERUS. 


plugs are not prominent; the eggs become dark brown in the vagina 
and here also may be seen what is apparently extra shell material 
being passed out. Eggs contain embryos when oviposited. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


vou. 50. 


Life history—The eggs containing embryos are passed in the 
urine of infected animals and are apparently ingested by other rats 


in contaminated food or water. 
shell digests off and the embryos escape. 


I have 


seen embryos escape from the shell in the vagina 
of the female after the worm had been in normal 
salt solution a short time, and I judge from this 
fact and from the fact that such embryos seemed 
to live only a short time that infection must take 


Fia. 12.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. 


VULVA REGION OF FEMALE. 
LARGED. 





place in a rather short 
period as a rule, or 
else the embryo per- 
ishes. The embryo 
has a body of almost 
uniform thickness, 
terminating in blunt- 
ly rounded ends, so 
far as my observation 
goes (fig. 18), but pro- 
vided with a single 
lancetlike process an- 
teriorly, according to 
von Linstow (fig. 19). 
Von Linstow | sug- 
gests that the em- 
bryos may bore into 
the wall of the diges- 
tive tract and make 
their way to the pel- 
vis of the kidney, pos- 
sibly by way of the 
blood stream and the 
renal artery particu- 
larly. Sexually un- 
developed —individu- 
als, the males but 


In the stomach of the new host the 





Oe 
a: 
) 

ge 
(| 


little smaller than the Fig. 13.—TRICHOSOMOIDES 


females, are found in 


the pelvis of the kid-» 


ney and copulation 


CRASSICAUDA. VULVA 
REGION OF FEMALE. 
ENLARGED. AFTER 
EBERTH, 1863. 


takes place in the ureters, the females becoming larger and the males 
entering the vagina. The first male turns about after entrance and, 
according to von Linstow, is always found with its head toward the 
vulva. The fertilized females pass to the urinary bladder and grow 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. lef 





considerably, the esophagus taking little part in this growth, and the 
male coming to lie in the mass of eggs in the uterus. I have com- 
monly found only one male in a female; von Linstow states that 
there may be three or four and occasionally as many as six. 





14. 15. 


Fias. 14, 15.—TRICHOSOMUiDES CRASSICAUDA. 14, FEMALE SHOWING EXTENT OF CUTICULAR MARKINGS, 
ENLARGED. 15, VULVA REGION OF FEMALE, SHOWING CUTICULAR MARKINGS. 


Hosts—Epimys rattus (Mus rattus), Epimys norvegicus (Mus 
norvegicus, Mus decumanus). 

Location.—Pelvis of kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder. 

Localities —Ireland, Germany (Offenbach), Austria (Trieste, Rat- 
zeburg), France (Paris), Australia (Brisbane), United States 


10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——2 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





(Washington, District of Columbia; Lincoln, Nebraska; San Fran- 


cisco, California). 


YiOmm. 





Fic. 16.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRAS- 
SICAUDA. POSTERIOR EXTREM- 
ITY OF FEMALE. 


The Zrichosoma muris decumani Bayer re- 
ferred to by Stossich (1890) is probably a 
reference to this worm in a paper by Rayer 
(1843). 

Von Linstow (1874) has made a study of 
this worm, and made it the type of his new 
genus 7'richodes. Unfortunately this generic 
name was already preoccupied by 7richodes 
Herbst, 1792, coleopteron, hence the change 
by Railliet, 1895, to Zrichosomoides. Von 
Linstow has noted in the esophageal cell 
chain that in many places there were alter- 
nately darker cells with large nuclei and 
lighter cells filled with quite small puncti- 
form nuclei which showed a lively molecular 
movement. The cell content of the latter 
must therefore have been fluid. I find the 
esophageal cell body actively contractile and 
the cells full of large, clear granules. 

Kberth (1863) and von Linstow (1874) 
have both described dorsal, ventral, and 
lateral bacillary bands. They also agree in 
a general way that the prevulvar portion of 
the body is covered with small hyaline hemi- 
spherical elevations at regular intervals. My 
observation is to the effect that there is a 
dorsal and ventral band of cuticular ele- 


vations, of which the one regarded here as ventral is the more 
conspicuous, but these bands are apparently rather different in 





Fig. 17.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. EGGS CONTAINING EMBRYOS, SHOWING VARIATIONS IN SHAPE. 


ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1874. 


structure from the usual bacillary band, although their presence in 
this family would indicate that they were to be homologized with 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 19 


the customary bacillary band. The hemispherical elevations noted 
in the prevulvar portion of the body are apparently to be seen only 
in profile and are due to deep cuticular annulations. 


Ee eee 
Oe Net e aa 





Yoo Mm mM ; Fic. 19.—TRICHOSOMOIDES 


CRASSICAUDA. EMBRYO. 
Fig. 18.—TRICHOSOMOIDES CRASSICAUDA. EMBRYO. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1882. 


Subfamily TRICHURINAE Ransom, 19112. 


Synonym.—Capillariinae Railhet, 1915, in part. 

Subfamily diagnosis—Trichinellidae (p. 9): Male with one 
spicule, or, exceptionally, with only a copulatory sheath. Eggs 
lemon-shaped, the apertures at each end closed with opercular plugs. 
Development, so far as known, direct and without intermediate host. 
Egg development often slow. Eggs with thick shell; do not hatch 
until swallowed by a suitable host. 

Type-genus.—Trichuris Roederer, 1761. 





ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF TRICHURINAE, , 


1. Anterior esophageal region of body very slender and longer than the pos- 
terior portion, which is much thicker and contains the reproductive 


TS ET eee ret ee PRON Lat ran 192 38031 Sa L 9 12 ANd Be eee ORE ety Trichuris, p. 20. 
Anterior esophageal portion of body shorter than, rarely equal to, the pos- 
terior portion, which is only slightly thicker __-=___-______--__ it 2. 

*. Worms with spicule; in digestive tract or urinary bladder, ducts, 
CLE pen ly pc ee 1 lp Ne Capillaria, p. 33. 


NORMS without ispiculesintiver:--2-=- >see wee ea Hepaticola, p. 30. 


20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Genus TRICHURIS Roederer, 1761. 


Synonyms.—T richocephalos Goeze, 1782; Trichocephalus Schrank, 
1788; Mastigodes Zeder, 1800; Tricocephalos Lamarck, 1801; 7'7- 
churis Roederer and Wagler, 1761, of Stiles and Hassall, 1905. 

Generic diagnosis.—Trichurinae (p. 19): Anterior esophageal por- 
tion of body very slender and longer than the posterior portion, 
which is much thicker and contains the reproductive organs. Poste- 
rior extremity of body blunt and rounded. Anus terminal or sub- 
terminal. On the ventral surface of the anterior esophageal portion 
of the body is a longitudinal bacillary band, terminating near the 
union of the anterior and posterior portions of the body, and formed 
of punctiform projections which are the ends of small rodlike struc- 
tures originating in subcuticular cells and penetrating the cuticle. 
The cuticle has transverse striations forming annuli, which have the 
posterior edges projecting slightly in such a way as to give the body a 
finely serrate appearance in profile. This striation is absent from the 
ventral surface covered by the bacillary band. 

Male.—Posterior portion of body rolled dorsally in a spiral. Spic- 
ule surrounded by a prepucelike sheath, which evaginates when the 
spicule is protruded. The sheath is a soft structure of variable shape 
and size. External surface of the evaginated sheath smooth or. coy- 
ered with spines. 

Female.—Posterior portion of body may be slightly curved, but 
not rolled into a spiral. Vulva near the union of the anterior slender 
portion and the posterior thick portion of the body. Eggshell thick, 
usually brown, and with the opening at each end of the shell closed 
with an opercular plug, giving the egg the characteristic lemon shape. 

Type-species.—T richuris trichiura (Linnaeus, 1767) Stiles, 1901. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF TRICHURIS. 


1 INomdescription whatevers==22-e ee ee Trichocephalus castoris, p. 21. 
Described ‘species: 2222226 22S en 8 ee 2. 
Anterior and posterior portions of body of almost equal length. 

‘ Trichuris gracilis, p. 28. 


to 


Anterior portion, of body, longer than’ posterior = ee 3. 

3. Ratio of length of anterior portion of body to length of posterior portion 2:1 
or 3:1, minimum length around 50 mm.____________ Trichuris ovis, p. 28. 
Ratios smaller than the above, or minimum length less_______-_-_-_-_-»_____ 4. 

4, Female contorted, not straight or curved___________ Trichuris contorta, p. 21. 
Female straight or curved: not, contorted: 2) aa ee eee Be 

5. Maximum length of spicule Tj, mms 222 a Trichuris leporis, p. 24. 
Maximum length of spicule notoven.2 nit. eee ee eee 6. 

Gs Worms 44.6 to 52.1 Inmlone:-_ == ee Trichuris infundibulus, p. 23. 
Worms ‘not over 35.mm: lone) ee eee iF 

7. Spicule less than 1 mm. long; ratio of anterior to posterior body lengths 5:3 
invwmale and {> 4gin femalea 2) se eee eee Trichuris muris, p. 26. 


Spicule more than 2 -nom\. Tome 8. 


no. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. yA 


8. Posterior body lengths only slightly smaller than anterior; spicule 1.7 mm. 
JNO GY Ses ka lah i a Trichuris fossor, p. 21. 
Posterior body lengths about half of anterior; spicule 2 mm. long. 
Trichuris opaca, p. 27. 
The data on described species of 7richuris are so scarce that the 
above key, based on the limited and little diagnostic features de- 
scribed, may prove of little value in actual practice. 


TRICHOCEPHALUS CASTORIS Rudolphi, 1819. 


Snecific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Characters of the genus. 
No description. 

Host.—Castor fiber. 

Location.—Large intestine. 

Locality.—N ot given. 

Rudolphi (1819) lists this under Species dubiae and states that 
there is a female specimen in the Vienna Museum. He does not de- 
scribe it, and von Linstow (1909a) states that the species is not de- 
scribed. The name is therefore a nomen nudum and I have not made 
the combination with the specific name and the valid generic name 
Trichuris in order to avoid adding useless synonyms to the literature. 


TRICHURIS CONTORTA (Rudolphi, 1819) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—T richocephalus contortus Rudolphi, 1819. 

Specifie diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Characters of the genus. 
strongly contorted, the considerable folding giving a transient ver- 
rucous appearance. Ratio of length of anterior esophageal portion 
of body to length of posterior portion 12:10. 

Male 40 mm. long. The flesh-colored body convolute, but not 
spiral. Posterior portion of body terminates very bluntly. The 
cloaca is ventral and subterminal. The spicule sheath is short, broad, 
and truncate. The spicule is narrow and curved. 

Female 50 mm. long. Body contorted, not, as is usually the case, 
straight or curved. Tail rather pointed. Oviduct black. Eggs 
elliptical with the usual opercular plugs. 

Hosts.—Georychus capensis (Georhynchus capensis, Mus capensis, 
“ Georhychos illigeri”). 

Location.—Cecum. 

Locality—Cape of Good Hope, Africa. 





TRICHURIS FOSSOR Hall, 1916, new species. 


Synonym.—T richuris species Hall, 1912. 
Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Head conical, about 40 u 
in diameter where the sides of the cone tend to flatten into the neck 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





portion. Mouth simple. Diameter of bacillary Wand in anterior 
esophageal region about one-third that of esophageal portion. The 
esophageal cell chain consists of elongate cells with ‘prominent 
nuclei. A few of the more anterior cells are of simple outline, but 
the others have numerous constrictions along their length, giving the 
appearance of numerous small discoidal cells with occasional nuclei. 
These nuclei are actually near the middle of the cells. The piriform 
glands at the posterior end of the esophagus are small. 

Male 17.5 to 20 mm. long, with a maximum. thickness of 516 p. 
Anterior esophageal portion of body 10.8 to 10.9 mm. long; posterior 
portion of body 
6.6 to 9.2 mm. 
long. The an- 
terior portion of 
the esophageal 
tube from the 
mouth to the be- 
ginning of the 
esophageal cell 
chain is 400 to 670 
» long. The body 
ends _ posteriorly 
in a_ bifurcation 
formed by two 
rounded lobes 
(fig. 20), with the 
cloacal aperture 
on the posterior 


ventral surface 


Fic. 20.—TRICHURIS FOSSOR. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. EN- between them. 
LARGED. int., INTESTINE; Sp., SPICULE; vas., VESICULA SEMINALIS. 





Spicule 1.7 mm. 
long with a diameter of 26 y at the distal end, gradually thick- 
ening to a diameter of 52 » at the proximal end. The campanulate 
sheath evaginates to a distance of at least 300 » and is studded with 
small conical projections. 

Female 24 mm. long, with a maximum diameter of 380». (Probably 
becomes larger, judging from male diameter.) Anterior esophageal 
portion of body 12.4 mm. long; posterior portion of body 11.6 mm. 
long. The anterior portion of the esophageal tube from the mouth to 
the beginning of the esophageal cell chain. is 560 yp. The anus is 
subterminal on the ventral surface. The vulva is situated just back 
of the posterior end of the esophagus. Eggs not observed. Two 
specimens, apparently immature females of this species, were col- 
lected from the same host. On first sight they appear to be species 
of Capillaria, but the ratios of the anterior and posterior body parts 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 93 


argue against this. One specimen is 10.5 mm. long, of which the 
anterior esophageal portion is 6.88 mm., while the other specimen 
is 8.6 mm. long, of which the anterior esophageal portion is 6 mm. 


Host—Thomomys fossor. 


Location.—Cecum. 


Locality — Crested Buttes, Colorado, and Livermore, Colorado. 

Type material—Cat. No. 16179, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal 
Industry helminthological collection). 

These specimens were collected by the writer from alcoholic 
material collected by Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado Springs, and 
were reported by the writer in 1912 in a list of parasites from 


Colorado. 


TRICHURIS GRACILIS (Rudolphi, 1819) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym.—Trichocephalus gracilis Rudolphi, 1819. 

Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Whitish, capillary portion 
darkening anteriorly. Head acute. Anterior esophageal portion of 
body scarcely longer than posterior portion. 


Male unknown. 


Female 47 to 54 mm. long. Posterior portion of body relatively 
slender, slightly curved, blunt posteriorly. 
Host.—Dasyprocta aguti (Cavia agouti). 


Location.—Cecum. 
Locality.— Brazil. 


TRICHURIS INFUNDIBULUS (von Linstow, 1906) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym.—Tvichocephalus infundibulus von Linstow, 1906. 
Specific diagnosis.—Trichuris (p. 20): Diameter of bacillary band 


equals two-thirds of the 
diameter of body. 

Male 44.6 mm. long with 
a maximum thickness of 
790 p. Ratio of length of 
anterior esophageal portion 
of body to length of pos- 
terior portion is 7:6. Spi- 
cule 1.94 mm. long and 26 
p. thick, gradually thinning 
to a point posteriorly. The 
sheath has transverse folds 
at its base and widens in a 
funnel opening posteriorly 









-—— 


om 
I 


i 
| 


It 















v 
i 
il 












wT 
ih 


f 
3 






Sy 





2 
? 
‘ 






\ 


Fic. 21.—TRICHURISINFUNDIBULUS. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY 
OF MALE, ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINnsTOW, 1906. 


(fig.21). (These folds may be transient rather than constant.) It is 
studded with little shining cones of equal size, set close together and 
directed posteriorly. The posterior body is in two parts. (This last 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VoL. 50. 





statement would lead one to suppose that the body terminated in two 
lobes as in 7'r. fossor, but von Linstow’s figure does not bear out 


this idea.) 

Female 52.1 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 
1.03 mm. Ratio of length of anterior esophageal por- 
tion of body to length of posterior portion is 10:6. 
Eggs 62 pw long and 25 p wide. 

Host.—Hystrix cristata. 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality.—_Not given. 

This species was described by von Linstow from the 
Zoological Museum at Koenigsberg. Diesing lists 
Trichuris ovis from this same host, Hystrix cristata, 
and von Linstow notes that such a record does not seem 
plausible. 


TRICHURIS LEPORIS (Froelich, 1789) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—T richocephalus leporis Froelich, 1789; 
Mastigodes leporis (Froelich, 1789) Zeder, 1803; 
Trichocephalus unguiculatus Rudolphi, 1809. 

Specifie diagnosis—Trichuris (p. 20): Bacillary 
band (fig. 22) about four-fifths of body diameter and 
extending to below the vagina. Head 17 to 20 p diame- 
ter. Transverse striations of cuticle at intervals of 
about 4 to 5 yp. On each side of bacillary band an area 
of delicate cuticular plaques (fig. 23). 

Male 29 to 32 mm. long, with a maximum diameter of 
about 430 p. Body white. Ratio of length of anterior 
esophageal portion of body to 
length of posterior portion of 
body is 3:2. Length of esopha- 
geal tube from mouth to anterior 
end of esophageal cell chain about 
825 p. Esophageal cell chain be- 
gins as two or three simple long 
cells, with not very prominent 
nuclei, and continues posteriorly 
Fic. 22.—Tricuuris teronis. aS long cells with numerous con- 

CROSS-SECTION OF THE ESOPH- ctrictions along their length, giv: 


AGEAL PORTION OF THE BODY, ~ 
SHOWING THE PROMINENT INY the appearance of numerous 


VENTRALBACILLARY BAND AND - ° sl 2 ms 
EMRRLAMON OF tite'nsogan. HURL -aiseordall jeells swith yjoc 


GEAL TUBE TO THE CELLBopy. casional nuclei. Spicule of vari- 
ENLARGED. AFTER EBERTH 
ae ’ able length, 1.87 to 7 mm. long, 


and with a diameter of about 80 








Kiet a a 
fibre Qui ete 


rer 


Fig. 23.—TRI- 
CHURIS LEPO- 
RIS. ANTERIOR 
EXTREMITY OF 
BODY,SHOWING 
CUTICULAR 
PLAQUES. EN- 
LARGED. AF- 
TER SCHNEI- 
DER, 1866. 


vy near the proximal end, thinning to about 8 » near the distal end. 
The sheath (fig. 24) is very narrow and diaphanous, attaining a 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 25 





length of 1.55 mm. and a breadth of about 52 w near the distal end; 
proximally it has a diameter for the most part but slightly in excess 





Fic. 24.—TRICHURIS LEPORIS. 
POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, E 
SHOWING SHEATH AND SPICULE. FiG.25.—TRICHURIS LEPORIS. VULVA (v) 





ENLARGED. AFTERSCHNEIDER, REGION OF FEMALE, SHOWING POCKET- 
1866. ING IN VAGINA. ENLARGED. 


of the surrounded spicule. Toward the distal extremity the sheath 
is covered with delicate colorless punctations. 

Female 32 to 24.5 mm. long, with a maximum diameter 
of about 1.12 mm. Anterior esophageal (prevulvar) por- 
tion of body white; posterior (postvulvar) portion 
brownish. Ratio of length of anterior portion to pos- 
terior portion 2:1. The vagina appears to comprise a 
series of pouches or pockets (fig. 25). Eggs 56 p long, 
including the opercular plugs; 52 » long, excluding the 
opercular plugs. The external surface of the shell is ie 
delicately punctate (fig. 26). CHURIS LEPO- 

Hosts —Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus domes- eee ae 
ticus, L. c. ferus), Lepus europaeus (Lepus timidus), rer srossicu, 
Lepus timidus (Lepus variabilis), Sylvilaqus floridanus, °°: 
Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus, Citellus citellus (Arctomys citillus, 
Spermophilus citillus). 

Location.—Large intestine. 





26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Localities —Germany, France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, United 
States. 

The amount of variation in the reported spicule lengths suggests 
the possibility of error in measurement or confusion of species. 


TRICHURIS MURIS (Schrank, 1788) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—Trichocephalus murigs Schrank, 1788; MJastigodes 
muris (Schrank, 1788) Zeder, 1803; Trichocephalus nodosus Rudol- 
phi, 1809. 

Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Diameter of the bacillary 
band equals three-fourths of the diameter of the body. Bacillary 
band ends in front of the vulva. Band is bordered with large mar- 
ginal rods which are larger than the others and are capable of swell- 
ing by endosmosis. Simple weak lateral lines. Granular dorsal 
line disappearing near 
vulva. Maximum head 
diameter 18 yp. Trans- 
verse striations of body 
at 4 to 5 uw intervals. 
FiG. 27.—TRICHURIS MURIS. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY oF Bopy, There are three nodules 

SHOWING CUTICULAR VESICLES. ENLARGED. AFTER GOEZE, : 
ae on the head, according to 
Goeze (1782) and Ru- 
dolphi (1809). There are also seven or eight delicate cuticular 
vesicles (fig. 27) along the (?ventral) side of the worms, according 
to Goeze (1782) and Eberth (1863). The esophageal tube extends a 
third of the length of the anterior esophageal 
portion of the body before being surrounded 
by the esophageal cell chain. 

Male 14 to 20 mm. long with a maximum 
thickness of 300 py. Anterior esophageal por- 
tion of body 12.5 mm. long; posterior portion 
of body 7.5 mm. long. Ratio of lengths of two 
portions 5:3. Spicule 760 yp long and 15 yp 
wide, bent in a semicircle (fig. 28). The sheath 
is 170 p long and presents various shapes, ['6. 28.—TricnuRIs MURIS. 
vesicular, tubular, funnel-shaped or terminat- ie caineeacee ie 
ing in a large turbanlike swelling 100 ». in  SHEAT=. ENtancEp. AF 

; : : TER VON LINSTOW, 1909. 
diameter. Except at its aperture, this sheath 
is covered with pointed conical projections. A blunt papilliform pro- 
jection on each side of the cloacal aperture. 

Female 23 to 31 mm., with 3 maximum thickness of 400 p. Ante- 
rior esophageal portion of body 14 to 20 mm. long; posterior portion 
of body 8 to 11 mm. long. Ratio of lengths of two portions 7:4. 
Tail obtuse, terminating in a rounded point. The vulva round, lo- 








No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. QF 





cated at the union of the esophagus and the intestine. Eggs lemon- 
shaped, 57 to 62 p» long. 

Hosts—Mus musculus, Epimys rattus (Mus rattus), Arvicola am- 
phibius (Mus amphibius), Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), 
Epimys ugandae (Mus ugandae), Microtus arvalis (Arvicola arvalis, 
Mus arvalis), Thrichomys apereoides (Hchinomys antricola), Holo- 
chilus physodes (Hesperomys physodes), HHolochilus brasiliensis 
_(Lolochilomys brasiliensis), Arvicanthis abyssinicus, Isothrix bis- 
triata (Loncheres bistriata), Georychus capensis (Georhynchus ca- 
pensis). 

Location.—Cecum. 

Localities —France (Paris), Germany, Africa (Toro, Fort Portal). 


TRICHURIS OPACA Barker and Noyes, 1915. 


Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20): Body cylindrical, stiff, 
opaque; anus a lttle subterminal. 

Male 22 to 28 mm. long; esopha- 
geal region 13 to 19 mm. long and 
60 to 80 p thick; body region 7 to 9 
mm. long and 140 to 160 » thick (fig. 
29). Posterior end rolled into a spi- 
ral (fig. 30). Spicule 2 mm. long and 
17 p thick, surrounded by a sheath 
covered with minute blunt projec- 
tions; sheath, when evaginated, 180 p 
long and 70 y. in diameter. 

Female 22 
to 30 mm. 
long; esopha- 
geal region 
18 to 19 mm. 
long and 60 
to 70 p thick; 
body region 
LO“ tor. Tit 
mm. long and 
230 to 250 p. 
thick (fig. 





et 
31). Poste- Imm. 


Fia.30.—TRICHURIS OPACA. Pos- 





Fic. 29.—TRICHURIS OPACA. MALE. AFTER rior portion 


BARKER, 1915. TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, 


Ss ] i ¢ h t ] y AFTER BARKER, 1915. 
curved. Vulva between first and second anterior elevenths of body 
region. Anus nearly terminal. 

IHost.—Ondatra zibethica (liber zibethicus). 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Location.—Duodenum. « 

Locality —United States (Nebraska). 

This parasite, described in a paper by Barker (1915), is reported, 
as noted, from the duodenum, a most unusual location for a worm 
of this genus. His indicated magnifications do not agree with the 
text. 





Fia. 31.—TRICHURIS OPACA. FEMALE. AFTER BARKER, 1915. 


TRICHURIS OVIS (Abildgaard, 1795) Smith, 1908. 


Synonyms.—T richocephalus ovis Abildgaard, 1795; Trichocephalus 
affinis Rudolphi, 1802; Mastigodes affinis (Rudolphi, 1802) Zeder, 
1803. 

Specific diagnosis —Trichuris (p. 20) : Head 10 to 22 » in diameter, 
according to place of measurement, and sometimes provided with 
two lateral vesicular swellings. Bacillary band originates about 80 
» posterior of the anterior end and is about 140 » wide near the union 
of the two parts of the body. The marginal rods of the bacillary 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 29 





band are larger than the others. Body transversely striate at inter- 
vals of 9 to 34 p. Esophageal tube from mouth to esophageal cell 
chain 70 p» long. Piriform glands 
almost spherical, 57 to 72 yp in 
diameter. 

Male 50 to 80 mm. long with a 
maximum diameter of about 500 uw. 
Ratio of length of anterior esopha- 
geal portion of body to length of 
posterior portion of body is 2 or 3:1 
(fig. 82). Testis begins about 8 mm. 





” Fic. 33.—TRICHURIS OVIS. POSTERIOR END 
FiG. 32.—TRICHURIS OVIS. MALE AT RIGHT, FEMALE AT OF MALE, SHOWING SHEATH (sh.) AND SPIC- 


LEFT, *VULVA, X5, FRoM RANSOM, 1911, AFTER CUR- ULE (sp.). ENLARGED. FRoM RANSOM, 
TICE, 1890. 1911, AFTER CURTICE, 1890. 


from the posterior end of the body, extends forward to near the 
vulva region and turns back as the ductus seminalis, transforms to 


30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 








the vesicula seminalis, which terminates in a constriction followed 
by the ductus ejaculatorius, which opens into the cloaca. The 
spicule (fig. 33) originates bluntly or with a slight knob, and is 
slightly attenuated from the anterior end posteriorly, terminating 
in a sharp point; it is 5 to 7 mm. long and with a fairly uniform 
diameter of about 25 ». The spicule sheath has a maximum external 
length of about 1.55 mm. and a width of about 90 p. The sheath 
has a bulbous enlargement at the end when evaginated and is covered 
with little spines about 5 » long. The cloacal aperture is located 
between two short lobelike projections at the posterior end of the body. 

Female 50 to 70 mm. long with a maximum diameter of about 1 
mm. Ratio of length of anterior esophageal portion of body to 
length of posterior portion varies from 2:1 to 3:1 (fig. 32). From 
the vulva the vagina extends back about half the length of the 
posterior portion of the body, continues as the uterus to the posterior 
end of the body, turns forward as the 
oviduct and extends to the vulva region 
again, turning back here as the ovary 
and extending to its termination in the 
posterior end of the body. The vulva is 

RES covered with little spines. Terminal end 

Hig gue alles ue of the body obtuse. Eggs (fig. 34) dark 

brown, lemon-shaped, 70 to 80 p long in- 

cluding the opercular plugs, 55 to 65 yp long excluding the opercular 
plugs, and 30 to 35 p wide. 

Hosts.—Hystrix cristata. Usually found in ruminants and com- 
mon in quite a number of these. 

Location.—Large intestine. 

Locality—Not specified for Hystrix cristata. Cosmopolitan for 
other hosts. 

This species is recorded from Yystrix cristata by Diesing (1851) 
from the Vienna Museum. Von Linstow (1906), in describing 
Trichuris infundibulus from the same host, has noted it as unlikely 
that such a record should be correct, but although there is a possi- 
bility of error or misidentification in this record, it must be pro- 
visionally accepted in the absence of further data. 





HEPATICOLA Hall, 1916, new genus. 


Generic diagnosis —Trichurinae (p. 19) : Anterior esophageal por- 
tion of body shorter than the posterior portion, which is only shghtly 
thicker. No spicule. Bacillary band apparently not present. 

Type-species—Hepaticola hepatica (Bancroft, 1893) Hall, 1916. 


NO. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 831 
HEPATICOLA HEPATICA (Bancroft, 1893) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—T richocephalus hepaticus Bancroft, 1893; Trichosoma 
hepaticum (Bancroft, 1893) Railliet, 1898; Z'richosomum % tenuissi- 
mum Leidy, 1891, not 7'richosoma tenuissimum Diesing, 1851. 

Specific diagnosis.—Hepaticola (p. 30) : Head 7 to 10 win diameter. 
Mouth minutely papillate. Cuticle delicately striate. Worms 4 to 
5 (10 to 12) cm. long. 

Male 28 » thick at posterior end. Anterior esophageal portion of 
body about equal in length to posterior portion. A membranous 
sheath is prolonged from the posterior extremity. No spicule present. 

Female 100 to 120 » thick at the middle of the body, and 65 p» thick 
at the blunt tail. Anterior esophageal portion of body half as long 
as the posterior portion. Prominent swollen membranous vulva 
6 or 7 mm. from the head. Tail very short, blunt, and conical. 
Eggs (fig. 35) lemon-shaped, 40 to 52 p long and 30 to 
35 p. thick, with the usual opercular plugs at each 
end. The outer shell is radially striate; the closely 
approximated inner shell appears homogenous. 

Life history—tlf the eggs containing embryos are 
fed to rats, the embryos escape from the shell and 
make their way to the liver. These embryos are 156 u 
long and 7 p» thick, with one end blunter than the 
other. At a distance of 5 uy from the narrow head end 
the embryo is 3 p thick; at the same distance from yee 
the other it is 5 y thick. Two days after feeding such yy695--Hepaticona 
eggs to rats Bancroft was unable to find embryos in Heratica. E@a, 

: ‘ . ENLARGED. AFTER 
the intestine of the rat, and no trace of the worms was _ jancrorr, 1893. 
found in the liver for two weeks, at the end of which 
time immature worms were found in the liver. Railliet (1892) 
found embryos in the intestine and liver at the end of five days. In 
the liver the worms mature and copulate. The subsequent fate of 
the male is not known. It has only been found by Bancroft in feed- 
ing experiments, and it seems likely that it dies and disintegrates 
or passes out. The female deposits large numbers of eggs in the 
liver and finally dies, in the course of two to three weeks, according 
to Bancroft, the body serving as the container for the eggs not yet 
passed out. According to Perugia (1893) the worms are in the 
biliary canaliculi, but inasmuch as these long worms are found coiled 
up in the liver, it appears that they extend through the parenchyma 
largely without reference to the canaliculi (pl. 1). According to 
Bancroft the eggs do not pass through the bile duct and into the 
intestine; Railliet says he has found the eggs in the feces. The 
presence of so many eggs in the liver, associated with the death of the 
female, suggests that the propagation of the worm depends on can- 





a2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


nibalism. The development of the embryo in the egg is very slow. 
Bancroft found that the egg did not begin segmentation before the 
end of three months; Railliet found that segmentation began in the 
fourth month. Bancroft found the embryos formed in five months; 
Railliet found the embryos formed in the fifth and sixth months. 
The embryos in the eggs have been found alive as much as two years 
and five months after embryo formation, the eggs being kept in 
water. Galli-Valerio (1903) has developed embryos in two months 
in 2 per cent formalin. 

The worms cause irregular white or yellowish spots on the liver 
as a result of egg deposition, the spots suggesting coccidiosis. Sec- 
tion shows a localized cirrhosis of the liver, the liver cells being atro- 
phied and supplanted by connective tissue elements. In severe arti- 
ficial infestations Bancroft found that three weeks after feeding the 
rats showed signs of dyspnea, diarrhea, and emaciation, and died in 
the course of three to four weeks. Animals less heavily infested 
exhibit an atrophy of the liver which after the death of the worms 
goes on to recovery, leaving only the localized cirrhosis. 

Hosts—Epimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), Epimys alexandri-. 
nus (Mus alewandrinus), (?) Lepus europaeus. 

Location.—Liver. 

Localities —F¥rance, Italy, Australia, (?) England, United States 
(?Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Washington, District of Columbia; 
Providence, Rhode Island; San Francisco, California). 

This parasite was first observed by Chaussat (1850). Other 
records are those of Colin (1862), Davaine (1877), Leidy (1891), 
McCoy (1908), Mink (1909), and Robinson (1913). Generali (1878) 
notes the finding of encysted filiform nematodes in the liver of a 
rabbit, causing nodules resembling those of coccidiosis and associated 
with coccidiosis. Nicoll (1911) has recorded the finding of frag- 
ments of a trichosome together with trichosome eggs in the liver of 
Lepus europaeus in England, and I have tentatively referred his 
record to Hepaticola hepatica on the grounds that if the worm were 
a species proper to and common in a food animal like the rabbit it 
would be found oftener, as the lesions are almost sure to be observed. 
To be sure, they might easily be regarded as coccidiosis, but the 
numerous studies on coccidiosis of rabbits in turn should have insured 
finding it. However, there are certain discrepancies between Nicoll’s 
description .and that of 77. hepatica. His measurements of eggs in 
utero are slightly in excess of the maximum, 52 », found by me, 
while the eggs found by him in the vagina attain a size of 70 to 78 p 
by 40 to 45 ». He also finds the egg (fig. 86) to consist of a radially 
striate outer shell, a concentrically striate inner shell, both incom- 
plete at the poles, and an inner complete discrete membrane sur- 
rounding the embryonic mass. I do not find a condition approxi- 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 38 


mating his figure of this. He also finds the female to be 140 to 230 » 
thick, which figures are considerably in excess of those given for 
H. hepatica. In spite of these discrepancies I 
have tentatively referred this species to J/. 
hepatica on the ground that further study of 
live material may reconcile the discrepancies, 
and present data are insufficient to warrant a 
new species. Eggs from a worm possibly be- 
longing to H. hepatica were reported by Per- 
roncito (1878) from the liver of a dog. 


Genus CAPILLARIA Zeder, 1800. 


Synonyms.—Trichosoma Rudolphi, 1819; 
Trichosomum Creplin, 1839; Calodium Du- 


jardin, 1845. FIG. 36.—?HEPATICOLA HEPAT- 


. ° ‘ f é IcA. EGG OF TRICHOSOME 
Generic diagnosis——Trichurinae (p. 19): prom uver or Lepus 


Body very slender, capillary; anterior esopha- —- BURoPABUS. ENLARGED. 
: AFTER NICOLL, 1911. 

geal portion of body shorter than or rarely 
equal to the posterior portion of body. Bacillary band dorsal, ven- 
tral or lateral, or absent. Esophagus long and slender, gradually 
increasing in size posteriorly. Spicule long and slender, surrounded 
by a sheath which may present a smooth outer surface when evagi- 
nated or a surface armed with spines. Tail of male may or may not 
be provided with membranous wings and a membranous bursalike 
structure, these being usually inconspicuous when present. Vulva 
located near the base of the esophagus. Eggs lemon-shaped, with 
the usual opercular plugs. 

Type-species—Capillaria tumida Zeder, 1803=Trichosoma brevi- 
colle Rudolphi, 1819. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF CAPILLARIA. 





eR ecormizEple SHeGles aes se eave ek a Se ee 2. 
Inadequately described or undescribed species______________-_-__-_______ 5. 
2. Dorsal and ventral bacillary band present________ Capillaria bacillata, p. 34. 
No bacillary bands present, or, at least, none described__________-_»____ 3. 
8. Spicules less than 1 mm. long; worms in intestine__Capillaria annulosa, p. 35. 
SPiculessmoresthan a mMy TON Sas ee a ee ee ee eas 4, 
¢) VVOLmsin urinary bladder 2 a Capillaria schmidti, p 37. 
WOrKMSAIN intestine =. = an ee ee Capillaria ransomia, p. 34. 
Py PHICHITAL OS) p CLES CISTI) Cine a ae tr ee a es 6. 
Nov descriptions "nomina nudaa 2. ee ee 8. 
Goin: uninary Dlad deria sae a = ee Capillaria papillosa, p. 37. 
Immdicestive. tract: (apparently )i2s2 22s See ee ee hs 
7. In Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus)__Trichosoma muris-sylwatici, p. 36. 
In Eliomys quercinus (Myoxus nitella)____Trichosomum myowxi-nitelae, p. 36. 
Seen MAUS INU SCULUULS ee es Trichosoma muris-musculi, p. 37. 
In Arvicola amphibius (Lemmus amphibius) ~~ __ Trichosomum lemmi, p. 87. 


10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——3 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





CAPILLARIA RANSOMIA Barker and Noyes, rors. 


Specific diagnosis.—Capillaria (p. 33) : Anal aperture subterminal. 
Male 19.6 mm. long with a body diameter of 10 » just behind the 





Fig. 37.—CAPILLARIA RANSOMIA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. AFTER BARKER, 1915. 
head and of 32 » in the posterior portion. Posterior end slightly 
curved and provided with a small bursa with two lateral lobes (fig. 
37); spicule 1.36 mm. long and 7 » thick; the sheath 
of the spicule 10 py in diameter. 

Female 19 mm. long with a body diameter of 22 p 
ria. 38_Carnta. JUSt behind the head and 65 y in the posterior portion. 

nia Ransom. Vulva in anterior fourth of the body, 5 mm. from the 
ee, 1, 6anterior end. Eggs 50 by 20 » in diameter and with 

prominent plugs (fig. 38). 

Host—Ondatra zibethica (Fiber zibethicus). 

Location—Duodenum. 

Locality —United States (Nebraska). 

This worm is described in a paper by Barker (1915). His indi- 
vated magnifications do not agree with text. 


0.01 mm. 





CAPILLARIA BACILLATA (Eberth, 1863) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym—tTrichosomum  bacillatum 
Eberth, 1863. 

Specific diagnosis.— 

Capillaria (p. 83): Dorsal 

bacillary band _ three- 

fourths of body diameter 

ric. 39.Carnia. 200 ventral bacillary band 

RIA BaciLaTa. One-third of body diameter 

eT Che SECTION ((figne80). oy Dheirodsisare 


OF POSTERIOR 


(postvutvar) thicker in the dorsal band. 


PART OF BODY, 
sHowinc por. Lhe lateral bands are small 


saL AnD veN- and simple. Mouth aper- 
TRAL BACILLARY 
Bands. Du- ture surrounded by three 





GRAMMATIC. gmall papillae. Fic. 40.—CAPILLARIA BACILLATA. 
ENLARGED. AF- Vu iS ° POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, 
TER EBERTH, Male 15 mm. long with a SHOWING SHEATH. ENLARGED. 
1863. maximum thickness of 80 yp. ——- AFTER EBERTH, 1863. 


Posterior end of body slightly bent toward the ventral surface (fig. 
40). A bursa, consisting of two lateral flaps, is present. Cloacal 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 85 








aperture is terminal. Penis sheath is provided with fine bristly 
spines. 

Female length (?), thickness (?). Body thickens only moderately 
posteriorly, and diminishes in size toward the terminal anal aperture. 
Posterior end obliquely truncate. The round, inconspicuous vulva 
(fig. 41) is situated laterally and posterior of the union of the 
esophagus and intestine. The thick-shelled eggs are barrel-shaped, 
with the usual opercular plugs, and are 48 p long and 
19 ». thick. 

Host—Mus musculus. 

Location —Esophagus. 

Locality Not given. 

The location given is quite unusual. 

CAPILLARIA ANNULOSA (Dujardin, 1845) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—Calodium annulosum Dujardin, 1845; 
Trichosomum annulosum Dujardin, 1845; Zrichosoma 
muris-decumant Bellingham, 1845, of Molin, 1861); 
Trichosomum (Calodium) annulosum Diesing, 1851; 
Trichosoma anulosum Dujardin of Stossich, 1890. 

Specific diagnosis —Capillaria (p. 33): Body dis- 
tinctly annulate, especially in the posterior portion. 
Head very narrow, about 8 p in diameter. Cuticle dis- 
tinctly striate transversely; striations at intervals of 2 
to 5 uw, the narrower intervals in the anterior portion. 
No bacillary bands. 

Male 14 mm. long by 40 » thick. Body somewhat 
bent posteriorly. Tail bilobed, with two slightly 
prominent membranous (?) alae. Spicule 950 p long; 
sheath of equal length, smooth ana with regular trans- 
verse folds on the interior. 

Female 21 mm. long by 58 » thick. Tail obtuse. 
Anal aperture subterminal. Vulva (fig. 42) a trans- 
verse cleft without appendix, 4 mm. from the anterior 
extremity, and posterior of the union of the esophagus = BRE. 4-4 
and intestine. Eggs 51 to 57 pw long. Body slightly pe. 4 capita 
thicker posteriorly than anteriorly. RIA BACILLATA. 


. ° . FEMALE IN RE- 
Host—Epimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), E'pi- gon or vutva. 





mys rattus (Mus rattus). eee 
. . TER BERTH. 
Location.—Intestine. 1863. 


Localities—¥ rance (Rennes) ; Ireland. 

The writer has followed Dujardin, who proposed this species, in 
stating that there are no bacillary bands in this species. It must be 
noted, however, that Eberth (1863), presumably on the study of ma- 
terial which he believed to be Dujardin’s species, states that this 
form has lateral bacillary bands equal to a third of the body diameter 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





and that he finds similar ventral and dorsal lines consisting of small 
nuclei. In the face of Dujardin’s statement that the absence of 
bacillary bands is a specific characteristic, I have left the diagnosis in 
this form. It is possible that Eberth had another species, distinct 
from C. annulosa or that Dujardin did not find the typical bacillary 
structure and that Eberth uses the term “ bacillary 
band” to refer to structures which are not really bacil- 
lary (i. e. composed of rods). See also C. schmidti. 


————— 


SS 


[eye 


tt 
15) 


Te 
BAS 


x 
C3 


A) 
A D> 


TRICHOSOMA MURIS-SYLVATICI Diesing, 1851. 







Synonym.—Trichosoma muris sylvatici Dujardin, 
1845, of Diesing, 1851. 
Specific diagnosis —Capillaria (p. 33) : 
Male unknown. 
Female 12 to 22 mm. long and.70 to 80 » thick. Head 
9 to 13 p in diameter. Tail transversely truncate. 
Cuticle transversely striate, with striations at inter- 
vals of 2. Vulva 5.6 mm. from the anterior extremity 
and without appendix. Eggs 55 to 60 p long; opercular 
plugs large. 
Host.—A podemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus). 
Location—(%) Intestine. Dujardin does not give 
the location. 
Locality —F rance (Rennes). 
Dujardin did not apply any name to this species and 
the name credited to Dujardin by Diesing must be cred- 
\ ited to Diesing. I have regarded this name as binomial 
in intent and have placed the hyphen in the specific 
| | name accordingly. In the absence of adequate data re- 
| garding this form I have left the generic name as it 
stands. 


[ (q 
2 


DL. 
ere 





Se 





Fic. 42.—CAPILLA- TRICHOSOMUM MYOXI-NITELAE Diesing, 1851. 


RIA ANNULOSA. ; § 
Femate nre-  Synonym.—T richosomum myoxi nitelae Dujardin of 


GION OF VULVA. : : 
ENLARGED. AF- Diesing, 1851. 
ter Eserts, Specific diagnosis—Capillaria (p. 33) : 
1863. 
Male unknown. 

Female length (?), 71 » thick. Tail 44 » thick, slightly thinned, 
obtuse. Anal aperture situated laterally in front of the posterior ex- 
tremity. Eggs lemon-shaped, 58 p» long, longitudinally striate, and 
with the usual opercular plugs. 

Host.—Eliomys quercinus (Myowus nitella). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality—France (Rennes). 

This species was not named by Dujardin, who described it, and the 
name credited to him by Diesing must be credited to Diesing. This 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 87 





name, like the preceding, I have regarded as binomial in intent, but 
in the absence of further data regarding the worm I see no reason 
for making the correct generic and specific combination. 


TRICHOSOMA MURIS-MUSCULI Creplin, 1849. 


Specific diagnosis—Capillaria (p. 33): 

Host—Mus musculus. 

Location.—Large intestine. 

Locality—Not known. 

There is no description of this species and the name must be re- 
garded as a nomen nudum. It might have been Capillaria bacillata. 


TRICHOSOMUM LEMMI Diesing, 1851. 


Synonyms.—T richosoma Retzius, 1841; Trichosomum lemmi Ret- 
zius of Diesing, 1851. 

Specific diagnosis.—Capillaria (?) (p. 33): 

fost.—Arvicola amphibius (Lemmus amphibius). 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality—Not known. 

Retzius refers to this worm merely as 7richosoma, and the name 
credited by Diesing to Retzius must be credited to Diesing. In the 
Jocation in which this undescribed worm was found, it is quite pos- 
sible that the worm was one of the hairlike strongyles. The name 
used is a nomen nudum, and there is considerable likelihood that the 
record is entirely erroneous in regarding this as a trichosome. 


CAPILLARIA PAPILLOSA (Polonio, 1860) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym—Calodium papillosum Polonio, 1860. 

Specific diagnosis.—Capillaria (p. 33) : 

Male unknown. 

Female 15 (?) mm. long. Body attenuate anteriorly and rounded 
posteriorly. Vulva in anterior portion of body: Anal aperture at 
the caudal extremity with 4 papillae in that vicinity. 

Host —K pimys rattus (Mus rattus). 

Location—Urinary bladder. 

Locality.—Italy (Padua). 

Note the comment on the following species. 


CAPILLARIA SCHMIDTI Hall, 1916, emend. 


Synonym.—T richosoma schmidtii von Linstow, 1874. 
Specific diagnosis—Capillaria (p. 33): Head (fig. 43) ends bluntly 
with three small projections. No bacillary bands present. The 


38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





cuticle (fig. 44) is finely striate longitudinally, the striations being 
interrupted at short intervals by annular spaces free of striations, 
these spaces being especially distinct in the posterior portion of the 
body. 

. Male 17.1 to 21 mm. long. Body thickest in the middle, 30 to 52 p 
thick, the head end 10 to 16 » thick and the tail end 20 to 33 p thick. 
Anterior esophageal portion of body 4.8 to 7.2 mm. long. The cells 
of the esophageal cell chain are about eight times as long as wide. 
The bent, unciniform spicule (fig. 45) is 1.2 to 14 mm. long. It is 
6 » thick at the proximal end and terminates in a fine point distally. 





45. 


Figs. 43-45.—CAPILLARIA SCHMIDTI. 43, HEAD OF MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1874. 
44, CUTICLESHOWING ANNULAR INTERRUPTIONS OF LONGITUDINALSTRIATIONS. ENLARGED. AFTER VON 
LInstow, 1874. 45, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, SHOWING SPICULE. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LIN- 
STow, 1874. 

The sheath is smooth and transversely striated and may be evaginated 

to a distance of 0.9 mm. The posterior extremity of the body ter- 

minates in two distinct lobes of greater diameter than the preceding 
portion of the body. 

Female unknown. 

Host.—E pimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus). 

Location—Urinary bladder. 

Locality.— Germany. 

It is quite possible that this species and the foregoing, Capillaria 
papillosa, are identical, since they are both trichosomes and found in 
the urinary bladder of closely related species of rats, which are cos- 
mopolitan animals, and in areas so comparatively close to one an- 
other as Germany and Italy. However, since one species is based 
on the male and the other on the female, it is perhaps better to keep 
the species distinct for the present and merely call attention to the 
likelihood of their being identical. C. schmidti might be C. annulosa. 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 39 





Superfamily ASCAROIDEA Railliet and Henry, 1915. 


Synonym.—Ascaridea Diesing, 1861, of Travassos, 1914. 

Superfamily diagnosis —Nematoda (p. 4): Mouth commonly pro- 
vided with two or three prominent or inconspicuous lips which are 
often supplied with papillae, but the mouth may be of variable shape 
and without lips. When three lips are present one is median and 
dorsal, the others are submedian and are approximated in the ventral 
line. Buccal capsule is not present. Males are provided with one or 
two spicules, rarely with none. Female with two ovaries, oviparous, 
rarely, as in Oxyuris vivipara, viviparous. As a rule development is 
direct and without intermediate host; exceptionally (as in ascarids 
of fish) there is an intermediate host. 

Type-family—Ascaridae Cobbold, 1864. 

Travasssos (1914a) proposes the name Ascaridea as a superfamily. 
This name was used as a family name by Diesing (1861), but it is not 
in the form of either the family or superfamily name. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO FAMILIES OF ASCAROIDEA. 


1. Meromyarian. Males with 1 spicule, at times reduced, imperfectly chitin- 


ZC AOS MEL SOT eee ee ee el ee eee a) Ta Oxyuridae, p. 65. 
Polymyarian ; or meromyarian with 2 spicules___________________________ ae 

2, Meromyarian with 2 spicules_#1___.-____._________ Family uncertain, p. 105. 
zon yary ny ehigl sit een aoe et eaneneenten ae oe eee ees OR PE) eee SO. ek eee Ede 


8. Lips 3 or 6 in number and very prominent. No anal sucker in male. 
Ascaridae, p. 39. 
Lips 2 or 8 or none present, mouth variable in shape. Anal sucker in male 
or rarely (Seuratum) absent__.._.______=...._-..___. Heterakidae, p. 44. 


Family ASCARIDAE Cobbold, 1864. 


Family diagnosis—Ascaroidea (p. 89): Polymyarian, mouth 
with three prominent lips supplied with papillae, the dorsal lip being 
median and the two others submedian and approximated in the ven- 
tral line, or with three main lips and three relatively prominent or in- 
conspicuous intermediate lips (interlabia). Male usually with two 
spicules. Caudal extremity of female terminates conically and fairly 
abruptly. 

Type-genus.—Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758. 


Subfamity ASCARINAHE Travassos, 1913. 


Subfamily diagnosis—Ascaridae (p. 389): Characters of the 
family. 
Type-genus.—Ascaris Linnaeus, 1758. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF ASCARINAE. 


dagkips, without fringes or-tentacles_-.2 £222 2 ee Ascaris, p. 40. 
Slips wath! fringes or tentacles. 22 Crossophorus, p. 42. 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF-THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





Genus ASCARIS Linnaeus, 1758. 


Synonyms.—Stomachida Pereboom, 1780; Fusaria Zeder, 1800; 
Lombricoides Mérat, 1821. 

Generic diagnosis—Ascarinae (p. 39): Mouth with three well- 
developed lips. Male with two equal spicules, and with numerous 
papillae on the ventral surface of the body in front of and behind 
the anus. Vulva near middle of body or anterior of this point. Shell 
of egg thick, with numerous mamillate projections on its outer 
albuminous layer. 

Ty pe-species.—Ascaris lumbricoides Linnaeus, 1758. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF ASCARIS. 


TBSAIN OU ES CTEP EMOTO Se No ie cee es ah Ascaris species, p. 40 
Deseribed SPeCiOss ee ee ee Ee ee ae Ee a 2 
Zs intermediaterlips absentee -= tases ikl aie ene Ae ey Ascaris castoris, p. 40. 
intermediate lips: presemts(((%) 22s Sa es eee ee ae ee eee ee oO 
5. Female 9 em, long; male unknown _--_=—-----_~ Ascaris laevis, p. 41. 
Female 11 cm. long; male described_______________z Ascaris pigmentata, p. 41. 


ASCARIS species Parona, 1909. 


Specific diagnosis.—Ascaris (p. 40). No description. 
aE 





Location.—Stomach. 

Locality—¥ort Portal, Africa. 

Parona mentions finding one female specimen, which he calls 
Ascaris species. It seems likely to the writer that this does not 
belong in the genus Ascaris or even in the Ascaroidea, but rather in 
the superfamily Filarioidea and possibly in the genus Protospirura, 
of which I have a large species, superficially resembling an ascarid, 
from the stomach of a rodent. See comment on Ascaris pigmentata. 
However, in the absence of adequate data and in view of the fact that 
it is not a named species, there is nothing to gain by changing the 
name used by Parona. 


ASCARIS CASTORIS Rudolphi, 1809. 


Specific diagnosis.—Ascaris (p. 40): Long cylindrical worms, 10.8 
to 21.7 cm. ‘long. 

Male not described. 

Female not described. 

Host.—Castor fiber. 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality.—N ot stated. 

Perrault, Charras, and Dodart, in their memoir on mammals, men- 
tion these worms, and state that they are comparable to earthworms. 
Rudolphi regarded them as ascarids. Such a supposition is quite 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 41 


reasonable, though the writer is of the opinion that these and other 
ascarids from rodents probably belong in some related genus rather 
than in the restricted genus Ascaris. 


ASCARIS LAEVIS Leidy, 1856. 


Synonym—Ascaris levis Leidy, 1904. 

Specific diagnosis.—Ascaris (p. 40): 

Male unknown. 

Female 9 cm. long by 3mm. thick. Lips prominent. Tail conical, 
mucronate. 

Host—Marmota monax (Arctomys monax). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality —N ot stated. 

The above description from Leidy is rather inadequate, but in view 
of the size of the worm, the determination as Ascaris, and the pres- 
ence in M/armota marmota (Arctomys marmota) of a large similar 
worm, the standing of this worm may be considered in connection 
with this latter worm, Ascaris pigmentata. 


ASCARIS PIGMENTATA von Linstow, 1897. 


Specific diagnosis —Ascaris (p. 40): Characterized by a dark 
pigment occurring throughout the cuticle and the walls of the in- 
testine and esophagus. The lips (fig. 46) have dental ridges and 
there are inferior intermediate lips. 
The dorsal lip is 320 p broad and 260 
p. long. The lip pulp toward the ex- 
ternal aspect of the worm is rounded ; 
that toward the internal aspect 
divides into two parts. The lip bears 
two double papillae. There is a gross 
cuticular annulation at intervals of 
oUp. and a timer one at intervals of 5 uw. aie 46-—Ascanis: ricweneata: LaTeRar 
The esophagus is 1/10.6 of the entire VIEW OF HEAD. ENLARGED. AFTER VON 
earth. Livstow, 1897. 

Male 7.5 cm. long and 950 » thick. The length of the tail is 1/227 
of the entire length. The spicules are lancet-shaped and are 1.38 
mm. long. On each side of the tail end there are 5 postanal and 
about 22 to 25 preanal papillae. 

Female 11.4 cm. long by 1.26 mm. thick. The tail end is rounded 
and measures 1/286 of the entire length. Eggs not developed. 

Host—Marmota marmota (Arctomys marmota). 

Location.—N ot given; presumably intestine. 

Locality—KGnigsberg Zoological Gardens, Kénigsberg, Germany. 

The presence of intermediate lips must be taken as sufficient to 
remove this worm from the genus Ascaris. Leiper and Atkinson 
(1914) have very properly created the new genus Aathleena for 





42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


ascarids with interlabia, such as the well-known forms from seals. 
However, I am disinclined to put this species in the genus A athleena. 
There is no reason to think that the esophageal appendage and in- 
testinal ceca are present and the host animals are from widely sepa- 
rated groups. On the other hand, I was surprised to find that a para- 
site I had regarded on first sight and after some examination as a 
species of Ascaris, perhaps close to Ascaris pigmentata, was a 
species of Protospirura. The gross appearance of the animal, the 
size and other external characteristics spoke for its ascarid nature, 
but it was, nevertheless, not even in the same superfamily as the 
ascarids. In view of this fact, I have left Leidy’s and von Linstow’s 
species in the genus Ascaris, not on the grounds that they belong 
there, but for fear they may pee to be separated more than gen- 
erically from that genus. 


Genus CROSSOPHORUS Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. 


Synonym.—Ascaris of Schneider, 1866, in part. 

Generic diagnosis.—Ascarinae (p. 39): Head with three lips hol- 
lowed on the inside and provided with papillae or fringed. In- 
testine with two ceca directed anteriorly. Male with a,simple spicule. 
Female uterus with two branches. 

Type-species.—Crossophorus collaris Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 
1828. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF CROSSOPHORUS. 


1. Head separated from body by pronounced strangulation and surrounded by a 


collar of biturecatedifimbnise 22 =o ee Crossophorus collaris, p. 42. 
Head not sharply separated from body and without collar of fimbriae; each 
lip provided with 3 long tentacles_______ Crossophorus tentaculatus, p. 43. 


CROSSOPHORUS COLLARIS Hemprich and Ehren- 
berg, 1828. 


Synonym.—Ascaris ferox Schneider, 
1866. 
. Specific diagnosis. — Crossophorus 
(p. 42): Lips (figs. 47 and 48) very simi- 
lar, semicircular with scalloped edge. The 
dental ridge is interrupted, forming on 
the outer edge of the lip on each side five 
combs of spines, the number of spines fig- 
ured as two to eight to a comb. An unin- 
Fia. 47.—Crossornorus couaris. terrupted row of spines encircles the lips, 
fees cae, x. proceeding in a bow to the inner sur- 
face of the base of each lip, bending about 
and crossing the outer basis of the lip, going back to the body cuticle 
parallel to the posterior edge of the lip, and proceeding again to the 





J 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 43 


middle of the outer base of the adjoining lip. These spines are flat. 
The transition from one to another at their bases is in the form of a 
bow, and anteriorly they usually branch 
dichotomously. The intestine has two 
ceca projecting toward the esophagus. 

Male 46 mm. long. The simple bare 
spicule projects forward from a very short 
tail. This tail (fig. 49) bears a double row 
of papillae on each side. Schneider figures < gi 
9 preanal and 10 to 12 postanal. FIG, 48.—CROSSOPHORUS COLLARIS. 

Female 90 mm. long. Uterus with two MEDIAN VIEW OF THEDORSAL UP. 

X90. AFTER SCHNEIDER, 1866. 

branches. 

Hosts—Procavia capensis (Hyrax capensis), Procavia syriaca 
(Hyrax syriacus). 





Location.—Cecum. 

Locality.—Shores of the Red 
Sea. 

Schneider (1866) used the 
name Ascaris ferox, crediting it 
to Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 
and at the same time noting 
Crossophorus collaris of Hem- 
prich and Ehrenberg as a 
synonym. Hemprich and 
Ehrenberg do not use the term 
Ascaris feroxw and, so far as can 
be determined, it is a deliberate 
renaming. 

In his description, Schneider 
Fic. 49.—CROSSOPHORUS COLLARIS. POSTERIOR : 

EXTREMITY OF MALE; VENTRAL VIEW. X 130. Says the male tail bears a 

AFTER SCHNEDER, 1866. double row of papillae and 
adds “1 steht ganz seitlich.” It is not clear whether this means that 
one row, the outer on each side, is entirely lateral or that one papilla 
is entirely lateral, and his figures do not definitely aflirm either idea, 
though leaving a presumption in favor of the first. 





CROSSOPHORUS TENTACULATUS Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. 


Synonym.—A scaris tentaculatus Ehrenberg of Nassonov (1897). 

Specific diagnosis.—Crossophorus (p. 42): Head not distinctly 
separated from the body. Mouth provided with papillae and each 
lip bearing three very long tentacles. Worms 2 to 3 inches (about 
5 to 7.5 cm.) long. 

Male not specifically described. 

Female not specifically described. 

Host.—Procavia capensis (Hyrax capensis). 


44 PROCEEDINGS Of THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 56: 





Location.—Cecum. 

Locality.—Shores of Red Sea. 

Hemprich and Ehrenberg state that this species is rarer than 
Crossophorus collaris. 'The descriptions suggest that the two species 
do not belong in the same genus, but in the absence of an adequate 
diagnosis of Crossophorus tentaculatus no satisfactory separation is 
possible, and there is the possibility that further study might show 
them to be congeneric. 

The name Ascaris tentaculatus, credited by Nassonov to Ehrenberg, 
must be credited to Nassonov as Ascaris tentaculatus (Hemprich and 
Ehrenberg, 1828) Nassonov, 1897. 


Family HETERAKIDAE Railliet and Henry, 1914. 


Synonym.—Heteracidae Railliet and Henry, 1914. 

Family diagnosis.—Ascaroidea (p. 39): Polymyarian. Mouth pro- 
vided with two or three lips or without lips and of variable shape. 
Esophagus cylindrical or club-shaped, often followed by a distinct 
bulb. Males with a preanal sucker, which may be limited by a 
chitinous ring or a delicate cuticular membrane, or formed by a 
simple longitudinal depression; this sucker not present in Sewratum. 
Two spicules, one or both of which may tend to atrophy or show im- 
perfect chitinization, and with accessory piece present or absent. 
Vulva near middle of body. 

Ty pe-genus.—H eterakis Dujardin, 1845. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF HETERAKIDARE. 


1. Mouth with 2 lips, anal sucker absent in male______________ Seuratinae, p. 62. 
Mouth with 8 lips or with lips inconspicuous or wanting_____-____________ Or 

2. Mouth with 5 well-defined lips; preanal sucker nearly circular and limited by 
BCHULINOUS Pri oe Re ee ee 2 ee ee ee Heterakinae, p. 44. 
Mouth with lips inconspicuous or wanting, rarely with 3 lips; preanal sucker 
fusiform and without a chitinous ring_-._________-___ Subulurinae, p. 51. 


Subfamily HHTHRAKINAH®E Railliet and Henry, 19120. 


Subfamily diagnosis —Heterakidae (p. 44): Mouth with three 
well-defined lips; esophageal bulb present or absent; preanal sucker 
nearly circular and limited by a chitinous ring; spicules equal or 
unequal; gubernaculum present or absent. 

Type-genus.—Heterakis Dujardin, 1845. 

Lane (1914) proposes the subfamily Heterakinae in a strict sense 
as “sub.-fam. nov.” The name of the subfamily must, of course, 
date from the person proposing it, not from the person restricting 
it or rewriting its diagnosis. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF HETERAKINAE, 


1. Bursa well developed ;.no gubernaculum______-_--___=______ Heterakis, p. 45. 
Bursa not developed ; gubernaculum present____—_______ Paraspidodera, p. 49. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 45 


Genus HETERAKIS Dujardin, 1845. 


Synonym.—Leteracis Molin, 1858¢; Ganguleterahis Lane, 1914. 

Generic diagnosis —Heterakinae (p. 44): Mouth with three lips. 
Esophagus subcylindrical, progressively swollen toward its posterior 
extremity and with a distinct bulb. T'wo lateral membranes present 
or absent. Males with caudal alae well developed to form a bursa 
sustained by papillae of raylike appearance. Spicules generally un- 
equal, at times equal or subequal, with- 
out accessory piece. Preanal sucker 
with a distinct chitinous ring. Females 
with vulva toward the middle of the 
body, the uterine branches passing in 
opposite directions. The eggs have a 
thick shell. 

Type-species. — Heterakis vesicularis 
(Froelich, 1791) Dujardin, 1845. 

HETERAKIS SPUMOSA Schneider, 1866. 


Synonyms. — Heterakis dahomensis 
Gendre, 1911; Ganguleterakis gangula 
Lane, 1914. 

Specific diagnosis.—Heterakis (p.45) : 
Head 70 to 80 » in diameter. Mouth 
with three distinct subequal lips; each 
lip with two lateral papillae and appar- 
ently one median. 

The small mouth cavity is followed 
immediately by the esophagus. About 65 
to 75 ». from the head end the esophagus 
lumen dilates transversely and abruptly 
narrows to its original diameter. Ex- 
clusive of the bulb, the esophagus is 
625 to 685 » long and 60 to 70 pw in Tomm 
diameter; the bulb is 250 to 300 yp. Fic. 50.—HETERAKIS SPUMOSA. AN- 
long and 125 to 170 u in diameter. TERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. 
The cavity of the bulb is dilated posteriorly and lined with a chiti- 
nous investment, the shape of the cavity varying with the contrac- 
tion of the bulb. The lining of the esophagus proper shows a deli- 
cate transverse marking. The cuticle shows a fine longitudinal and 
transverse striation. A short distance back of the head a lateral 
membrane (fig. 50) originates and rapidly attains its maximum de- 
velopment, gradually diminishing posteriorly and continuing to the 
posterior end of the body. The two cervical papillae are about 225 
to 250 » from the anterior end of the body. The excretory pore is 
about 440 » from the head end. 





46 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50 


Male 6.4 to 9.85 mm. long and with a maximum thickness of about 
260 ». There is a well-developed bursa (figs. 51 and 52) which origi- 
nates anterior of the preanal sucker. It is sustained in the anal 
region by three pairs of papillae and is notched at the distal termina- 
tion of the third of these. The bursal lobe originating at this notch 
is a small one, the bursa abruptly diminishing in diameter just 
behind this pair and being continued as the terminal portion 
accompanying the tail proper. This last portion is sustained by 
three pairs of papillae and extends to the tip of the acutely pointed 





Vomm. Vomm. 
Fig, 51.—HETERAKIS SPUMOSA. Fia. 52.—HETERAKIS SPUMOSA. POS- 
POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE; LAT- 
MALE}; VENTRAL VIEW. ERAL VIEW. 


tail. Of the three pairs of papillae sustaining the bursa in the anal 
region the anterior pair is much the largest. The proximal portion 
appears to be thick and granular, the diminished distal portion is 
thin and clear. The next pair of papillae behind this is shorter and 
has the same structure, a granular proximal portion and a clear dis- 
tal portion. The next pair of papillae, that in relation with the 
bursal notch, does not show this same structure; it is longer than 
the preceding pair. Of the three pairs of papillae sustaining the 
bursa along the tail proper the anterior pair is the thinnest, the 
middle the thickest, and the posterior pair is intermediate in thick- 
ness. These are all of about the same length. It is sometimes diffi- 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 47 





cult to see more than two pairs of papillae on one or both sides of 
the tail membrane, possibly due to doubling or crumpling. In addi- 
tion to the six pairs of papillae which sustain the bursa, there are 
four other pairs. Of these, two stalked pairs are in the region of 
the sucker, the apparent relation to the sucker being rather variable. 
The other two pairs are sessile and are in the vicinity of the cloacal 
aperture; they are rather difficult to observe accurately. The cloacal 
aperture is variable in shape or presents variations due to point of 
view or distortion. The sucker (fig. 53) is a powerful pedunculate 
structure, with a strong chitinous invest- 
ment interrupted on the posterior border 
by a papilliform elevation. The sucker is 
elliptical, with a transverse diameter of 
about 86 yp. and a longitudinal diameter of 
65 to 82 y. There are well-developed mus- 
cular strands from the base of the sucker 
to the opposite body wall. The spicules 
are subequal, 200 to (?) 400 » in length, 
flattened, and have a pronounced longi- 
tudinal striation. They are thickest at the — 1/10 mm. 
proximal end and taper gradually to a 16. 53.—Heteraxis srumosa. 

. ° CAUDAL SUCKER OF MALE; VEN- 
point. They are very flexible, and com- an ae 
monly show signs of curving, twisting, and 
bending in mounting. The proximal end terminates in a short open 
hook bending laterally. The distance from the posterior margin of 
the sucker to the tip of the tail is 435 to 500 p; the distance from the 
cloacal aperture to the tip of the tail is 250 to 300 yp. 

Female 7 to 13 mm. Jong with a diameter of 300 to 520 p. The 
anus is from 680 to 740 » from the posterior end of the body. The 
vulva (fig. 54) is slightly posterior of the middle of the body. It 
has two prominent transverse lips with one or two cuticular promi- 
nences before and behind it in the midventral line. Each lip of the 
vulva bears two papillae. The vagina appears to be surrounded by 
a spiral band for some distance back from the region near the vulva. 
From the vulva the vagina turns forward for a short distance and 
then turns and extends posteriorly for. a short distance. Apparently 
it then forks to form the anterior and posterior uterine branches. 
These extend forward and backward, respectively, and then turn 
back, transform into the ovaries, and as such make their way in 
numerous transverse loops through the anterior and posterior ends of 
the body. ‘The egg has a mamillated shell about 4 » thick and is 55 
to 60 by 40 to 55 win diameter. Hggs segmenting when oviposited. 

Hosis.—Epimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), Epimys rattus 
(Alus rattus), Cricetomys gambianus. 





48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





Location.—Cecum. 

Localities —Cosmopolitan: Germany, Austria (Trieste), South 
America (Rio Janeiro), Australia (Brisbane), Africa (Abomey, 
Dahomey), India, United States (Washington, District of Columbia; 
Bowie and Bethesda, Maryland; Massachusetts; Wooster, Ohio; 
Kearney, Nebraska; Detroit, Michigan; Idabel, Oklahoma). 

The above calls for some 
comment. In the first place, 
I have regarded AHeterakis 
dahomensis Gendre, 1911, as a 
synonym of Heterakis spu- 
mosa. Gendre’s figures and de- 
scription seem to warrant this 
in spite of the fact that there 
are some discrepancies between 
his description and that com- 
monly given or given in the 
above notes. His specimens 
measure a little larger than is 
usual, but still within the rea- 
sonable limit of variation. He 
only figures two papillae on the 
tail proper, but that may easily 
be due to errors of observation 
or even anomalies. The spicule 
measurement given by him 
(400 p.) is longer than I find it. 
I find the connection between 
the vagina and the uteri rather 
difficult to ascertain; but the 
point of union appears to be 
just a little posterior of the 
vulva. This is approximately 
where Cobb (1896) states that 
the vagina and uteri meet in the 

Yiomm. type species, H. vesicularis, but 

TG. Ae Here A SrMoss. VAR. ohavedoundyon dissechionsthat 

the vagina and ovijector in 

that species make up a much larger affair extending far posterior of 

the vulva. Cobb’s figuring would make the distance from the vulva 

to the utero-vaginal union about 340 or 350 p. In a dissected speci- 

men I find the actual distance to be 4.472 mm. and something of the 
same sort may be true of H. spumosa. 

I have also made Ganguleterakis gangula Lane, 1914, a synonym of 
Heterakis spumosa. Wane’s species was collected from Epimys nor- 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 49 


vegicus in India, and his description and figures leave no doubt that 
this is Heterakis spumosa. He quotes Schneider’s (1866) description 
of H. spumosa and then states: “I have been unable to obtain any 
specimens of 77. spwmosa from Europe. The difference in length 
makes it reasonable to conclude that this is a different species from 
that now described.” It appeals to the present writer as unsafe to 
make a new species on a slight difference in size where a described 
species is known to exist in the same host and in the same location, as 
animals of all sorts have a more or less definite range of size but not a 
fixed size. As a matter of fact, my own measurements for H. spu- 
mosa vary beyond those given by Lane for his species and those given 
by Schneider for 7. spumosa. 


Genus PARASPIDODERA Travassos, 1914a. 


Generic diagnosis —Heterakinae (p. 44): Mouth with three large 
conspicuous lips. Esophageal bulb present. Males without caudal 
bursa. Spicules equal or subequal. 
Gubernaculum present. Vulva anterior 
to the middle of the body. 

Ty pe-species—Paraspidodera uncinata 
Travassos, 1914a. 


PARASPIDODERA UNCINATA Travassos, 19144a. 

Synonyms.—Ascaris uncinata Ru- 
dolphi, 1819, of Travassos, 1914; /Tete- 
rakis uncinata Schneider, 1866, of Tra- 
vassos, 1914a. 

Specific diagnosis.—Paraspidodera 
(p. 49): Mouth with three large equal 
lips (fig. 55). Esophagus 1.098 to 1.169 
mm. long. Excretory pore 540 py from 


PTE 


SY 
iS 





Fig. 55.—PARASPIDODERA UNCI- 


the anterior end. NATA. LATERAL VIEW OF HEAD. 
Male 11 mm. long by 300 »p thick. eS gE Se 
1914. 
No caudal bursa. Preanal sucker 


(figs. 56 and 57) round, about 68 » wide, and with a chitinous 
ring bearing a papilliform node on the posterior margin. Seven 
pairs of preanal, 1 pair adanal, and 13 pairs of postanal papillae. 
Of the preanal papillae, one pair is somewhat anterior of the sucker, 
another is adjacent to the anterior margin of the sucker, another at 
the side of the sucker, another at the posterior border of the sucker, 
and three pairsnearer theanus. Of the postanal papillae, the two most 
anterior pairs are near the median line, the third pair is remote from 
the median line, and the remaining 10 pairs are arranged in two 
longitudinal lines on each side of the tail, the lines most remote from 
the median line presenting in profile on viewing the ventral surface 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——4 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


of the worm. The spicules are nearly equal, 470 » long. The guber- 
naculum is 136 p. long. The cloacal aperture is 279 » from the poste- 
rior end. 

Female 16 mm. long by 400 » thick. The vulva is anterior to the 
middle of the body. Eggs ellipsoidal, 43 by 31 » in diameter, not 

















ee 


VY 
Fig. 56.—PARASPIDODERA 


UNCINATA. POSTERIOR 
EXTREMITY OF MALE; 





VENTRAL VIEW. ENLARG- Fic. 57.—PARASPIDODERA UNCINATA. POSTERIOR EX- 
ED. AFTER TRAVASSOS, TREMITY OF MALE; LATERAL VIEW. ENLARGED. 
1914. AFTER TRAVASSOS, 1914. 


segmenting when oviposited. Anus 1.198 mm. from the posterior end 
of the body. : 

Host.—Cavia porcellus. 

Location.—Cecum and colon. 

Locality —Brazil. 

The species described here, according to Travassos (1914a), “are 
considered to belong to H. wncinata Rudolphi, as they are of the 
same size, besides having also a long sidecrest.” On comparing Tra- 
vassos’s figures and description with those for Heterakis uncinata 
given by Schneider (1866), I am unable to agree with this finding. 
It is true that the worms are of about the same size and that they 
both have lateral alae. It is also true that Schneider states that he 
had only a few poorly preserved specimens and that his description 
was consequently incomplete. But Schneider figures a long, fusi- 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 51 





form sucker, apparently without a limiting chitinous ring and its 
accompanying papilliform node, and Travassos describes and figures 
a circular sucker with a prominent chitinous ring bearing on its pos- 
terior margin a papilliform node. Even in poorly preserved mate- 
rial the heavy chitinous sucker can be depended on to remain in 
evidence. Schneider figures a worm in which the distance from the 
sucker to the cloacal aperture is more than twice the distance from the 
tip of the tail to the cloacal aperture, whereas -Travassos figures a 
worm in which the distance from the tip of the tail to the cloacal 
aperture is more than five times the distance from the sucker to the 
cloacal aperture. Schneider figures a total of 11 pairs of papillae, 
while Travassos describes and figures a total of 21 pairs of papillae. 
We must therefore conclude that Schneider gave a most inaccurate 
account of the important features of his specimens or that Travassos 
had described a new species. Without feeling that a final verdict 
is possible, I still believe it is better to keep two apparently different 
species separate rather than to suppress Schneider’s description. I 
have therefore accepted Travassos’s species as a new one, and accepted 
the name as a new oné, regarding this species as type of the new genus. 
The specific name is to be regarded as valid and based on a misdeter- 
mination. There is some question as to the proper action in a case of 
this sort, but as this action makes no change in the name I have pre- 
ferred it. 


Subfamily SUBULURINA}E Travassos, 191444. 


Synonym.—Kathlaniinae Lane, 1914. 

Subfamily diagnosis.—Heterakidae (p. 44): Mouth with lips in- 
conspicuous or lacking, rarely with three lips, followed by a vesti- 
bule; esophageal bulb present; preanal sucker fusiform and_ not 
limited by a chitinous ring; spicules unequal, one or both occasionally 
lacking or imperfectly chitinized; gubernaculum usually present, 
rarely lacking. : 

Type-genus.—Subulura Molin, 18600. 

The present writer is unable to determine whether Subulurinae 
Travassos, 1914a, or Kathlaniinae Lane, 1914, is the earlier name, as 
Travassos’s paper bears no date of publication and the date of re- 
ceipt of available copies indicates nothing as to whether it preceded 
or followed Lane’s paper. As matters stand, the name Subulurinae 
has been used because it is based on a better known genus from 
commoner and better known hosts. Lane’s subfamily is based on a 
new genus and species of worm from the turtle in India, and a casual 
examination of the descriptions of the two included species suggests 
that certain features may in time warrant restricting his forms to a 
subfamily Kathlaniinae and divorcing it from the genera which 
may better be included under the Subulurinae. 





52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF SUBULURINAE. - 
1. Male with no spicules or accessory piece visible_--_-_-_- Heteroxynema, p. 56. 

Male usually with 2 spicules; occasionally with 1_---_-_--_-_-__-__-__=- 2. 
2. Buceal cavity with very thick chitinous lining in anterior portion and 


2 


with 3 small teeth, with a rounded free edge, limiting the esophageal 


APOCLUUT Ces ee ae te et ae) Allodapa, p. 60. 
Buceal cavity with a very thin lining and with 3 large teeth, with a 
sharp) freetedgeeatutsibase 2 ae eee eee Subulura, p. 52. 


Genus SUBULURA Molin, 1860). 


Synonyms.—Heterakis Dujardin, 1845, of authors; Oxynema von 
Linstow, 1899, of Railliet and Henry, 1914, in part. 

Generic diagnosis—Subulurinae (p. 51): Mouth rarely with three 
lips, sometimes round, usually oval or hexagonal with the long axis 
dorso-ventral. Mouth followed by a vestibule with a very thin 
chitinous lining at the base of which are three large teeth, each with 
a sharp free edge, marking the beginning of the esophagus. Esopha- 
gus club-shaped, with a distinct terminal esophageal bulb. Six 
cephalic papillae usually quite distinct. Two lateral membranes 
often present. Males with caudal alae slightly developed or lacking. 
Spicules equal and provided with an accessory piece. Preanal sucker 
fusiform and without a chitinous ring. Female with the vulva near 
the middle of the body. Uterus probably similar to that of Heterakis. 
Eggs subglobular, almost always containing an embryo when ovi- 
posited. 

Type-species.—_Subulura acutissima Molin, 18600. 

Seurat (1915e) states that Oxynema is a synonym of Allodapa, 
since O. rectum is identical with Allodapa crassispiculum. Oxynema 
is not regarded, therefore, as a subgenus of Subulura. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF SUBULURA. 


ie eelead-simples. =o eee eee Subulura andersoni, p. 52. 
Head! with:3 lips 2253" es oe ew oh eis Ss es ee eee 2. 
2. Male 13 mm. long; from Cavia aperea______-__---_- Subulura uncinata, p. 538. 


Male less than 12 mm. long; from Huxerus erythropus__Subulura boueti, p. 54. 


SUBULURA ANDERSONI (Cobbold, 1876) Railliet and Henry, 1914. 


Synonym.—Ascaris andersoni Cobbold, 1876. 

Specific diagnosis—Subulura (p. 52): Head simple and unarmed. 
Body finely drawn out in front and sharply pointed behind in both 
Sexes. 

Male attains a maximum length of 12.5 mm. Tail “ furnished with 
a minute oval-shaped spine at the tip.” Two long arcuate spicules 
slightly winged at the distal extremity (fig. 58). 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 53 





Female attains a maximum length of 19 mm. and a thickness of 
1mm. Tail “with the terminal spine continuous and scarcely dis- 
tinct ” (fig. 58). Vulva not located. Ova nearly spherical, 50 to 63 
in diameter, and containing coiled embryos when oviposited. 

Host.—Sciurus species. 

Location.—Cecum. 

Locality —Northeast India. 

The presence of embryos in the egg 
when oviposited, as well as the site of 
infestation, indicate clearly that this is 
not a species of Ascaris, as Cobbold 
made it. Railliet and Henry have 
tentatively assigned it to the genus 
Subulura, and despite the fact that the 
evidence is quite incomplete in impor- 
tant respects, it still seems sufliciently 
likely to warrant placing it there 





: aye we : Fig. 58.—SUBULURA ANDERSONI. Pos- 
rather than leaving it in a genus in Canon RxTREMIEY OF NHR AeATT (a) 


which it obviously does not belong. AND OF 10S) TEMADE (): (ND 


ED. AFTER COBBOLD, 1876, 
Cobbold’s statement that the worm 


has a simple head has been used in the key to differentiate this species 
from the following, but Cobbold’s study of his species was not ade- 
quate for proper description, and it can not be taken too seriously. 
The worm may or may not have lips. 


SUBULURA UNCINATA (Rudolphi, 1819) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—Ascaris uncinata Rudolphi, 1819; Heterakis uncinata 
(Rudolphi, 1819) Schneider, 1866. 

Specific diagnosis—Subulura (p. 52): Mouth with three lips. 
Lateral membrane begins one-third of the length of the body from 
the head. 

Male 13 mm. long. Tail ends in an attenuate unciniform apex 
(fig. 59). Bursa very little developed. There are five pairs of 
preanal papillae, of which one pair is adjacent to the sucker, three 
pairs close to the cloacal aperture, and one pair about halfway be- 
tween the cloacal aperture and the sucker. There are six pairs of post- 
anal papillae. One pair of preanal and one pair of postanal papillae 
are large and prominent. The sucker is fusiform and, judging from 
this shape and from Schneider’s figure, is without a chitinous ring. 

Female—16 mm. long. Tail straight and sharp. 

Hosts—Cavia aperea (Cavia aperia), Cuniculus paca (Agouti 
paca). 

Location —Cecum. 

Locality.—Brazil. 


54. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 


This is the species which Travassos has regarded as identical with 
his Paraspidodera uncinata. For reasons given in the discussion of 
that species, it seems safer to regard the two species as distinct. On 
the other hand, it seems quite likely, as far as the descriptions are 
concerned, that Subulura boueti and S. uncinata 
are identical, though they are kept separate here 
on account of the different hosts and localities 
and to await additional data. The only differ- 
ence in size utilized in compiling the key is of no 
significance. 


SUBULURA BOUETI (Gendre, 1911) Travassos, 1913. 


Synonyms.—Heterakis boueti Gendre, 1911; 
Subulura (Oxynema) boueti (Gendre, 1911) 
Railhet and Henry, 1914. 

Specific diagnosis —Subulura (p. 52): Body is 
pale yellow and is attenuated, especially poste- 
riorly, in both sexes. There are two small lateral 
alae. The cuticle is finely striate. The cephalic 
extremity is truncated and shows no trace of lips 
or sign of demarcation from the rest of the body. 
The head bears six fungiform papillae, almost 
equidistant in arrangement, four of them sub- 
median and two lateral, disposed in a circle 
about the buccal orifice which is large, circular, 
and yawning. The mouth cavity is large and 
cylindrical, its base provided with three strong 
muscular teeth covered with chitin. The pharynx 
is short. The esophagus thickens gradually to 
its posterior extremity where it presents a slight 
swelling. The esophageal bulb is rounded. The 
Fig. 59.—SusuLura uncl- intestine, which at its origin is larger than the 

NATA. POSTERIOR EX- . : : 
TREMITY or mate; vex. eSOphageal bulb, follows a straight line without 
TRAL VIEW. ENLARGED. notable -variation to the anus. The excretory 
AFTER SCHNEIDER, 1866. . 
pore occurs on the ventral surface at the union 
of the anterior and middle third of the length of the esophagus. 

Male 9.55 to 11.10 mm. long and 440 to 480 » thick. Esophagus 
1/5.5 to 1/6 and tail 1/28 to 1/31.7 of total length of body. The pos- 
terior region (figs. 60 and 61) is always curved toward the ventral 
surface and terminates in a conical pointed tail, followed by a small 
mucronate appendix. It is provided with a bursa, of which the alae 
extended from the region of the sucker to the base of the caudal 
appendix. The sucker is oval and is not delimited by a chitinous ring. 
There are five pairs of preanal and six pairs of postanal papillae. 
The first pair of preanal is submedian and is even with the middle of 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 55 


the sucker; the second pair is submedian and almost equidistant be- 
tween the sucker and the cloacal aperture; the third pair is submedian 
and is just anterior of the cloacal aperture; the fourth and fifth pairs 
are close together and lateral, the fifth being farthest from the median 
line and sustaining the bursal membrane. The first and second pairs 


S 
S 
@ 
ZB 
7 


AYN 





Fra. 60.—SUBULURA BOU- 
ETI POSTERIOR EX- 
TREMITY OF MALE; VEN- 





TRAL VIEW. ENLARG- Fic. 61.—SUBULURA BOUETI. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY 
ED. AFTER GENDRE, OF MALE; LATERAL VIEW. ENLARGED. AFTER 
1911. GENDRE, 1911. 


of postanal papillae are large and submedian; the fifth and sixth 
pairs are also submedian, but much smaller; the third and fourth 
pairs are lateral, the third pair sustaining the lateral membrane and 
the fourth pair being the smallest of all the papillae. There is a 
single spicule, the right, and an accessory piece (fig. 62). The 
spicule is strong, curved, and finely striate transversely. It is 980 p 
long and is composed of two distinct parts; the short proximal part 
is cylindrical and terminates in a funnel-shaped head, while the 
longer distal part terminates in a point and is provided with two 
lateral alae. The accessory piece is awl-shaped and abruptly en- 
larged at the base. On its ventral face is a groove, along which the 
spicule slides, formed by a simple depression on the side of the base 
and by two small, flexible, membranous folds on the side of the point. 

Female 15.52 to 18.78 mm. long and 600 to 640 » thick. Esophagus 
is 1/7.6 to 1/8.4 and tail 1/11.9 to 1/13.8 of the total body length. 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


The tail (fig. 63) is straight and conical and terminates in a small 
point comparable to that of the male. The vulva is very prominent 
and visible to the naked eye. It opens transversely on the ventral 
surface in the anterior portion of the body about 1/2.5 of the total 


Cc. 


- b 


* 


62. 63. 


Fics. 62, 63.—SUBULURA BOUETI. 62, ACCESSORY PIECE IN ANTERIOR, @, AND POSTERIOR, b, VIEW, AND 
THE SPICULE, c. AFTER GENDRE, 1911. 63, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER 
GENDRE, 1911. 


body length from the head. The genital apparatus is double. The 
eggs have thin shells and are rounded in shape. They average 62 p 
long and 52 » wide. They contain an embryo, always rolled up lke 
a snail, in a uniform fashion, when oviposited. 

Host.—Eucxerus erythropus (Xerus erythropus). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality —Agouagon, Dahomey. 

As noted in the discussion of S. wncinata, there seem to be no 
morphological differences between that species and S. boueti. 


HETEROXYNEMA Hall, 1916, new genus. 


Generic diagnosis —Subulurinae (p. 51): Mouth with three lips; 
teeth feebly, if at all, developed at the base of the mouth. Two 
cervical alae present. No spicules or gubernaculum visible. Pre- 
anal sucker fusiform and without a chitinous margin, the margin 
consisting of a delicate cuticular membrane, which is apparently 
lacking in the median line anteriorly and posteriorly, so that the 
sucker has two lateral cuticular membranes. The vulva is near the 
union of the anterior and middle thirds of the body. The eggs are 
bluntly pointed, somewhat similar to those of Oxvyuris. 

Ty pe-species.—Heteroxynema cucullatum Hall, 1916. 


No. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 57 





HETEROXYNEMA CUCULLATUM Hall, 1916, new species. 


Specific diagnosis.—Heteroxynema (p. 56): Males approximately 
half as long or less than half as long as females (fig. 64). The 





64. 65. 


Fics. 64, 65—HETEROXYNEMA CUCULLATUM. 64, MALE, @,AND FEMALE, b. 65, HEAD: a, DORSAL VIEW; 
b, VENTRAL VIEW. 

cuticle has a transverse striation. There are three simple lips, one 

dorsal and two latero-ventral, each bearing a median papilla appar- 

ently double and with a papilla between the adjacent lips. The 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





buccal cavity is simple and shallow. The esophagus is club-shaped, 
gradually thickening posteriorly and terminating in a bulb. The 
bulb is often deeply set in the dilated enfolding anterior end of the 
intestine. The prominent cervical alae 
start at the base of the lips and swing 
around toward the ventral surface 
(fig. 65). 

Male 2.786 to 4.47 mm. long and 140 
to 170 yp thick in front of sucker. Head 
diameter about 65 yp. The esophagus, 
exclusive of the bulb, is about 355 to 515 
». long and 50 to 70 » thick. The bulb 
is 186 to 172 w long and 112 to 145 », 
thick. Nerve ring 130 » from head end 
in one specimen. The bursal membrane 
is very slightly developed. Most of the 
caudal papillae (fig. 66) are clustered 
about the cloacal aperture, a single pair 

holding an iso- 
lated position 85 
to 112 » from 
the tip of the 
tail. The clo- 
acal aperture is 
about 235 uw 
from the end of 
the tail. Here 
is a line of 6 
adanal papillae, 
two outer larger 
ones and two 
smaller ones 
just median of 
each of these. 
Just posterior of 
these papillae is 





ra . ° 
Vommt a pair in the /Zomm 
Fic. 66.—Hnreroxynema cucutz- Submedian posi- is bao 
LATUM. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY 4; 5 Fic. 67.—HETEROXYNEMA C 
tion, followed 


OF MALE. LATUM. ANAL SUCKER OF MALE. 


directly by an 
unpaired papilla in the median line. No preanal papillae have been 
observed, the total number of papillae present being 11. There are 
no spicules present. The sucker (fig. 67) has a delicate longitudinal 
and transverse sculpturing which gives the effect of fenestration. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 59 





It is fusiform, 112 to 130 p, long and of variable width owing to con- 
traction and folding of the flexible edges. These cuticular mem- 
#ranes are on the lateral margins 
of the sucker, but are apparently 
lacking in the median line anteriorly 
and posteriorly. The posterior 
border of the sucker is about 515 to 
600 » from the tip of the tail. 
Female 7.39 to 7.9 mm. long and 
845 to 415 p thick in the region of 
the vulva. The posterior end of the 
body terminates in a blunt point. 
The esophagus, exclusive of the 
bulb, is about 430 to 535 pw long and 
56 to 70 p thick. The bulb is 198 
to 240 » long and 1380 to 185 p 
thick. Nerve ring 170 » from head 
in one specimen. The anus is about fiuildo 
1.65 mm. from the tip of the tail. 3 
The vulva is at the union of the 
anterior and middle thirds of the 
body, 1.8 to 3.265 mm. from the 
head. The vagina has its walls 
wound with a close spiral similar to "1G. SS HEtEnoxynema i ee 
that of Heterakis spumosa, and ex- POSITION OF VAGINA. X 92.5. 








Fic. 69.—HETEROXYNEMA CUCULLATUM. E@qGGs. x 340. 
* 
tends forward from the vulva toward the head and then turns back 


toward the tail (fig. 68). The posterior portion of the body is densely 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 


filled with uterine convolutions distended with eggs. Apparently two 
uterine branches. The eggs (fig. 69) are of the same type as those 
of Oxyuris, elongated, flattened on one side and the ends terminatirty 
in rounded points. They are 98 to 100 » long and 35 p thick. 

Host.—Eutamias amoenus operarius. 

Location—Cecum and large intestine. 

Locality —San Acacio, Costilla County, Colorado. 

Type material—No. 16637, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry 
helminthological collection). 

It seems probable that the males in the writer’s possession are 
sufficiently mature to have the spicules developed, as the eggs in the 
females show various segmentation stages. 


Genus ALLODAPA Diesing, 1861. 


Synonym.—Not Allodapa Brunn, 1878, orthopteron; Oxynema von 
Linstow, 1899. 

Generic diagnosis —Subulurinae (p. 51): Body reddish in color, 
thick, attenuated posteriorly, and with two lateral cervical alae. 
Mouth elongated dorso-ventrally and surrounded by six papillae. 
The buccal cavity with a thick chitinous lining in its anterior 
portion; at its base three small teeth, with a rounded free edge, 
limiting the entrance to the esophagus. The esophagus is club- 
shaped posteriorly, and there is a distinct esophageal bulb. The 
nerve ring surrounds the anterior portion of the esophagus and the 
ventral excretory pore is posterior of the nerve ring. The vulva is 
anterior of the middle of the body and is not prominent. The ovi- 
jector is directed anteriorly and is characterized by a very long 
sphincter, presenting at one point a globular secreting portion where 
the egg remains some time before oviposition. The male has straight 
caudal alae. There are two spicules, terminating in fine points, and 
a triangular gubernaculum. The sucker is some distance from the 
cloacal aperture, devoid of a chitinous ring and shows radiating 
muscular fibers. 

Ty pe-species.—Allodapa allodapa (Creplin, 1853) Seurat, 1914a. 

Seurat (1915e) states that the type of Oxynema, O. rectum, is 
identical with Adlodapa crassispiculum. 


ALLODAPA ELONGATA Seurat, 1914¢. 


Specific diagnosis —Allodapa (p. 60): Long, slender worms, with 
straight cervical alae which are finely striate transversely and do 
not extend posterior of the middle of the esophagus. Mouth sur- 
rounded with six papillae. The buccal cavity (fig. 70) divided into 
two parts, the anterior portion with a thick chitinous lining, the 
posterior portion with a separate thick chitinof& lining and with 
three cuneiform, sharp-pointed, slightly bent teeth. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 61 





Male 20.5 mm. long. Esophagus very short, the total length, in- 
cluding the bulb, equal to one-fourteenth of the body length. The 
tail (fig. 71) is short; the distance from the cloacal aperture to the 
tip of the tail is 230 ». The sucker is feebly developed, elongated and 
without chitinous ring. The caudal alae are straight. There are 
10 pairs of caudal papillae, of which 5 are pre- 
anal and 5 postanal. The most anterior pair of 
preanal is asymmetrically disposed in the region 
of the sucker; the second pair asymmetrically 
disposed in the region near the origin of the 
caudal alae; the third pair is asymmetrically 
disposed in the region of the gubernaculum; the 
fourth and fifth pairs are close together and 
slightly asymmetrical in the region just anterior 
of the cloacal aperture, the fifth pair support- 
ing the caudal alae. The first and second pairs 
of postanal papillae are sessile and are sym- 
metrically disposed; the third pair supports the 
caudal alae; the fourth pair is sessile and sym- 
metrical; the fifth pair is quite asymmetrical 
and supports the caudal alae. The caudal glands 
open on the 
ventral surface . 
between the 
third and fourth 
postanal papil- 
lae. The spic- 
ules are short 
and equal, 250 p 
long. The gub- 


ernaculum is 





; Fie. 71.—ALLODAPA 
shaped hike an ELONGATA. POSTE- 
arrowhead and RIOR EXTREMITY OF 
. MALE}; VENTRAL VIEW. 

Fro. To—Auonars nrowcans, Tarte js 120 pw long. xtc ov caupat 
tLAND. A SEU- 
HEAD. X 120. AFTER SEURAT, 1914. Female 36 one eee 


3 RAT, 1914. 
mm. long, with a 


maximum thickness of 650y. The esophagus is very short; its length, 
including the bulb, is one-seventeenth of the total length of the worm. 
The short tail (fig. 72) is conical and 915 p long; the caudal glands 
open in its posterior fourth. The inconspicuous vulva is anterior of 
the middle of the body and divides the body in the ratio of 5:8. The 
ovijector is directed posteriorly (?), the very elongated tube attain- 
ing a length of 8mm. The posterior uterus extends to the origin of 
the rectum and the anterior uterus extends within a millimeter of the 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


esophageal bulb, the ovaries being side by side in the prevulvar re- 
gion. Eggs numerous, containing an embryo when oviposited, and 
70 to 77 p long by 63 to 65 p thick. 

Host.—Dipodillus campestris (Dipodilla campestris). 

Location.—Cecum. 

Locality Bou-Saada, Algeria. , 

In a previous paper Seurat (1914) has noted that 
Allodapa has the ovijector directed anteriorly. I 
have queried in the foregoing his statement that 
A. elongata has the ovijector directed posteriorly. 


SHURATINAE Fall, 1916, new subfamily. 


Subfamily diagnosis.— Heterakidae (p. 44): 
Transitional forms in which the male is without an 
anal sucker. Mouth with two lips. No esophageal 
bulb present. Male with short, equal, or subequal 
spicules, and with a gubernaculum. Vulva near 
middle of body. Uteri divergent. 

Type-genus.—Seuratum Hall, 1916. 





Fic. 72.—ALLODAPA 


ees SEURATUM Hall, 1916, new genus. 


RIOR EXTREMITY OF 
EE aoe Synonym.—O phiostomum Creplin, 1839, of Seu- 
OF CAUDAL GLAND. rat, 1915a. 
ose wes ey ei Generic diagnosis —Seuratinae (p. 62): Charac- 
ters of the subfamily. 
Ty pe-species.—Seuratum tacapense (Seurat, 1915a) Hall, 1916. 
This genus is named after Seurat, in recognition of his consider- 
able contributions to nematology, especially in regard to the structure 
and importance of the female genitalia. 


SEURATUM TACAPENSE (Seurat, 1915a@) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym.—O phiostomum tacapense Seurat, 1915a. 

Specific diagnosis.—Seuratum (p. 62): Slender worms, attenuate 
at both extremities, the posterior extremity terminating in a small 
mucronation. Cuticle with fine transverse striations at intervals of 
10 », and with 64 longitudinal bands, very straight, dark, and pre- 
senting in the median line of each band a dentiform thickening of the 
transverse striations, the point of this dentiform structure being 
directed posteriorly (fig. 73). The straight lateral -lines are 60 p» 
wide. No lateral alae present. There are numerous long straight 
muscle cells. There are two not very prominent cervical papillae, 
situated about two-fifths of the length of the esophagus from its 
anterior extremity. The excretory pore is very small and opens 


no. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 63 





in the mid-ventral line posterior of the nerve ring and a little anterior 
of the level of the cervical papillae (fig. 74). The mouth (fig. 75) 
is elongated dorso-ventrally and bounded by two lateral lips with a 
thick internal border; each lip bears two large papillae. The mouth 
opens into a very short buccal cavity with 
a thick lining. The esophagus is notably 
short; it is one-twentieth of the total length 
of the body of the female and one-twenty- / 
second of that of the male. The nerve ring is |. 
situated one-fifth of 
the length of the 
esophagus from the 
anterior extremity. 
There is no division 
into muscular and 
glandular portions. 
The posterior éxtrem- 
ity at the union with 
the intestine has a 
valvular structure. 
Male 18.5 to 22.5 
mm. long and with a 
maximum — thickness 
of 480 p. The short, 
conical tail termi- 
nates in a_ small 
mucronation. The 








b. 





73. 74. 75. 


Fias. 73-75.—SEURATUM TACAPENSE. 73, A FRAGMENT OF CUTICLE. MAGNIFIED. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 
74, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF BODY. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 75, a, HEAD VIEWED FROM THE FRONT; 6, 
POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 


distance from the cloacal aperture to the posterior extremity 
of the tail is 250 yp. There are two straight symmetrical bursal 
alae (fig. 75). From a distance anterior of the cloacal aperture the 
ventral region of the body is covered with about 20 longitudinal 
rows of cuticular shields which become confluent a short distance 
anterior of the cloacal aperture; the circumcloacal region and the 
bursal alae are entirely covered with these shields, with a resultant 
verrucous appearance; only the inferior lip of the cloacal aperture 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


forms a smooth semicircular area. The transverse striation termi- 
nates on the ventral surface 300 » anterior of the cloacal aperture. 
The cloacal aperture is bounded by a very distinct anterior border. 
There are four pairs of large sessile preanal papillae, the first pair 
being situated anterior of the origin of the bursal alae. There are 
six pairs of postanal papillae, of which the second and fifth pairs 
posterior of the cloacal aperture are pedunculated. The short 
spicules are equal or subequal, 140 » long, and slightly curved. They 
are only in contact at their distal extremities, forming a V inside the 
gubernaculum; the very small gubernaculum is triangular. 

Female 45 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 900 ». The 
cervical papillae are 600 » from the anterior extremity, and the 
excretory pore is 450 » from the anterior extremity. The short tail 
is 710 » long and terminates in a small mucronation. The vulva is 
hard to locate. It opens 2 mm. anterior of the middle of the body 
and is a transverse slit 45 » long, communicating with a short vagina, 
which is continued as a tubular ovijector which extends anteriorly 
and then turns and continues posteriorly. The uteri are divergent. 
The relatively large subspherical eggs are 52 by 42 m in diameter 
and contain an embryo when oviposited. 

Host.—Ctenodactylus gundi. 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality —Matmata, South Tunis. 

Seurat states that this species is very close to Ophiostomum mu- 
eronatum Rudolphi from the bat, differing in its larger size, the 
more posterior position of the vulva, and in the dimension of the 
eggs. He adds that this brings up the number of species in this 
genus to two, since the other nematodes described for this genus 
belong to other genera. Unfortunately, the type of the genus Ophi- 
ostomum Creplin, 1839, emendation of Ophiostoma Rudolphi, 1801, 
is also the type of the genus Cystidicola Fischer, 1798, thus eliminat- 
ing Ophiostomum entirely as a generic name. He states that it is 
related in some ways to those members of the Heterakidae with two 
lips and with Dichylene in the Acuariidae. 

The site of infestation, the small intestine, makes it entirely 
unlikely that this form should have a very close relationship with 
the Acuariidae, a family of the Filarioidea, as no members of the 
Filarioidea are known to be parasitic in the small intestine. On the 
other hand, the relationship to the Heterakidae is so marked that I 
have felt it necessary to include this form in that family in spite of 
the fact that there appears to be no anal sucker in the male. Its 
nearest generic aflinities are perhaps with Daenitis, which also lacks 
an esophageal bulb, has a mouth with two lips, and has the vulva in 
the middle of the body, two equal spicules and a gubernaculum in 
the male, but differs in the possession of a sucker, though the sucker, 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 65 


it should be noted, is one without a chitinous margin, and therefore 
of relatively weak development. 


Family OXYURIDAE Cobbold, 1864. 


Family diagnosis—Ascaroidea (p. 89): Meromyarian. Mouth 
with simple, usually inconspicuous lips. Male usually with one 
spicule, at times reduced, imperfectly chitinized or absent. Caudal 
extremity of female much elongated and subulate. Vulva anterior. 
Eggs characteristically flattened on one side. 

Type-genus.—Oxyuris Rudolphi, 1803. 

Seurat (19156) states that the Oxyuridae, although considered 
by most authors as belonging with the Ascaridae, are very distinct 
and should be considered as a special group having the same origin 
as the Heterakidae, but having evolved independent of the latter. 
The Ascaridae, on the contrary, he would consider as the extreme 
type of one ramification of what he calls the phylum Heterakidae. 


OXYURINAH Hall, 1916, new subfamily. 


Subfamily diagnosis —Oxyuridae (p. 65): Males with one spicule, 
at times lacking or imperfectly chitinized. 
Type-genus.—Oxyuris Rudolphi, 1803. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF OXYURINAE. 


1. Males with a longitudinal row of transverse comblike cuticular structures 
onetherventral surfaces. 4.2 2 en ee Dermatocys, p. 99. 
Males without such structure_______________ Oxryuris, p. 65. 


Genus OXYURIS Rudolphi, 1808. 


Synonyms.—Oxyurus Lamarck, 1816; Lepturis Schlotthauber, 
1860; Dermatoxys Schneider, 1866; Oxviurus Sonsino, 1878; Ovyurus 
Rudolphi, 1803, of Brumpt, 1910; Syphacta Seurat, 1916; /usarella 
Seurat, 1916. 

Generic diagnosis—Oxyurinae (p. 65): Mouth naked or sur- 
rounded by slightly salient lips. Esophagus long, followed by a 
bulb, usually quite distinct. Males small and of relatively rare occur- 
rence; provided with one spicule, which may be imperfectly chitin- 
ized or not developed. One or more pairs of papillae in the vicinity 
of the cloacal aperture. Females have the caudal extremity greatly 
elongated and subulate. There are two ovaries. The vulva is located 
in the anterior portion of the body as a rule. The eggs are elon- 
gated, thin shelled, asymmetrical, flattened on one side and ending 
in rounded points. Embryo may or may not be formed at oviposi- 
tion: In O. vivipara some females are oviparous and some viviparous. 

Ty pe-species—Oxyuris equi (Schrank, 1788) Blanchard, 1849. 


10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——5 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





The genus Oxyuris includes about 100 species, but a study of over 


a dozen species shows the general characteristics quite constant and 
the variable features not readily capable of a group arrangement. 


bo 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF OXYURIS. 


Females. 


. Description inadequate; in Procavia syriaca (Hyraz syriacus). 


Oxyuris pugio, p. 83. 


Description recognizable =22 5" 4 Se eee eee 2. 
. Vagina normally everted externally through vulva__-_-_-__-__---______ 15. 
Varina not. normally; prolapseds= sss sai Sse ee eee eee S: 


. Over 2 em. long, the tail approximately equal to the rest of body. 


Oxryuris obesa, p. 80. 
Less than 2 em. long, or if more, tail not approximately equal to rest of 


DOC a a re reas ee 4 
4. Mouth with six hooklike lips bent outward__________ Oxyuris hamata, p. T9 
Mouth not’ provided with hooklikelips! 322423) ee ae 5. 
5. Tail ornamented with 35 to 48 prominent cuticular annuli. 
Oxyuris ambigua, p. 68. 
Tail not vornamented:, wath: cuticular annuliz= = ee 6. 
6. Head strongly inflated; cervical alae terminate posteriorly in recurved 
MAT OINS a2 oe a De ee a ee ee Oxryuris tetraptera, p. 86. 
Head not strongly inflated? 225 iss) see Bee ee eee Ts 
7. Posterior half of esophagus conspicuously pigmented brown. 

Oxryuris polyoon, p. 98. 
Posterior half of esophagus not differentially pigmented________________ 8. 
SEL OVE ORT. fo) OT ee ee a ee ee Oxryuris flagellum, p. T7 
bess than: 20 "mim: lone! Ss ik ees She Ses as 9. 
QE OV Er US Hays NOTA ee AN al ha ld Bn Oxryuris sciuri, p. 84. 
ess’ thant 45 mm: long 2222 9.40 ots ea ee ee ee ee ee 10. 
1OOverOumm don gees ee es eee Oxryuris stossichi, p. 84. 
Less thangaQO;mmy Tonge s eae ete ee ee 11. 
dit 2OversSumni= longest ae eee eee Oxryuris acutissima, p. 67. 
Less: than ‘8mm, long=_* = 22222 - Le Se ee eee 12. 
12° Cervical valac present... = 5s she eee eee Oryuris ungula, p. 94. 
Cervical ‘alae absent ‘or inconspicuous.) eee ils} 
13. Mouth with four double and two single papillae_______ Oxryuris stroma, p. 85. 
Mouth ‘withusingle papillae=: 0) =. Aue eee eee 14. 

14. Vulva transversely elongate and followed posteriorly by bulla. 
Oxyuris triradiata, p. 90. 

Vulva on a more or less prominent cone, not followed by bulla. 
Oxyuris obvelata, p. 81. 

15. Not over 3 mm. long; lateral alae in median region of body. 
Oxyuris pallaryi, p. 95. 
More than 5 mm. long; no lateral alae in median region of body______~~ 16. 
164 Maximum: Jlengthatl8 mmo 2. eee ee Oxryuris evoluta, p. T0. 
Maximumivlengthy 1250 mae a 2 seeeeee mre ae ree ee Oxryuris hilgerti, p. 74. 
Males. 

1. Males unknown__Ovyuris acutissima (p. 67), O. flagellum (p. 77), O. hamata 


(p. 79), O. obesa (p. 80), O. sciuri (p. 84), O. pugio (p. 83). 
Males: Imown: 22282588 ee ee ee ee eee wee: 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 67 





2. Not over 2 mm. long; tail with preanal bulla and 38 large preanal cuticular 


OLS COTS ee re ee ee ee ee Se Oxryuris stroma, p. 85. 
Not over 2 mm. long and with only 2 preanal cuticular bosses; or more than 
2 mm. long and no preanal bulla or bolsters present__--_-_-----_-__~_ a 


8. Not over 2 mm. long and with 2 preanal cuticular bosses. 
Oxryuris pallaryi, p. 95. 


More than 2 mm. long and no preanal bosses present __-_-----_______~_ 4, 

4. Tail hoof-shaped in lateral view and with two cuticular projections on each 
S10 Ci eas Sate te o-oo Oxryuris ungula, p. 94. 

ARIE OTNOOL- Shaped es =e —— eee i ee ee be 


5. Prominent bursa supported by a large dorsal and 2 large lateral rays. 
Oxryuris triradiata, p. 99. 
INORS ICH a UNS An COI al O Mites a A ee ae a ee 6. 
6. Posterior half of esophagus conspicuously pigmented brown. 
Oxryuris polyoon, p. 98. 


Posterior half of esophagus not differentially pigmented________________ he 

7. No lateral alae other than small cuticular ridges on each side of lateral 
INT Seen ee ees ee See ke Be en bE st Oxryuris ambigua, p. 68. 
Lateral alae present in cervical region___________________________.__-- 8. 

8. Prominent conical raylike postanal papillae__________ Oxyuris evoluta, p. T0. 
Rostanal papillae not raylike.._-_--___22++ =) 2 9. 
ho) Hrom 5 to 8 mm, Jong---.==.-__--.-=.--2=2.-+,--_ Oxryuris stossichi, p. 84. 
INOteover G:2-mm lone. 2 ee ae 10. 

105 rom 3:o to:G6-2 mm. longi. 2 2-2 ee Oxryuris hilgerti, p. TA. 
INOTOVEerso MI WON Ses) on eee a ee Oe te 

11. Head strongly inflated; cervical alae terminating posteriorly in recurved 
EN cits Out Seo eee eee ee eee eee ene eee nS ee Ozyuris tetraptera, p. 86. 


12. Head not strongly inflated ; no cervical alae present__Oxryuris obvelata, p. 81. 


OXYURIS ACUTISSIMA (Zeder, 1800) Hail, 1916. 





Synonyms.—Fusaria acutissima Zeder, 1800; Ascaris acutissima 
(Zeder, 1800) Rudolphi, 1809. 

Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Body thinned at both ends, 
the anterior end thicker. Head pointed, with three lips. Two 
lateral alae extending to the caudal extremity. Esophagus at first 
narrow, then considerably dilated, and separated by a constriction 
from the much dilated origin of the intestine. 

Male unknown. 

Female 8.4mm. long. Tail almost trihedral, subulate, diaphanous, 
and comprising almost a third of the entire length of the worm. 
The vulva has prominent lips and is situated at the thickest part of 
the body. 

Host.—Sciurus vulgaris. 

Location.—Cecum. 

Locality —Vienna, Austria. 

Dujardin (1845) states that he has not been able to find this 
parasite, but from the description of Zeder, the only one who has 
seen the worm, he judges it be an Oxyuris. There appears to be 
little question but that this should be transferred to the genus 
Oxyuris, 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 
OXYURIS AMBIGUA Rudolphi, 1819. 


Synonyms—Oxyurus ambigua (Rudolphi, 1819) Bellingham, 
1844; Passalurus ambiguus (Rudolphi, 1819), Dujardin, 1845. 
Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): The usual Oxvyuris shape, 
that of a spindle greatly prolonged and attenuated posteriorly. The 
mouth is simple and is surrounded by four 
symmetrically arranged papillae. The pharynx 
is armed with a tripartite, chitinized dental 
structure. The esophagus is club-shaped, in- 
creasing in size posteriorly, and is separated 
from the spherical esophageal bulb by a deep 
constriction. The bulb contains.a chitinized ap- 
paratus for the comminution of food. The 
esophageal bulb is separated from the anterior 
portion of the intestine by a deep constriction. 
The intestine is a straight thin-walled tube of 
almost uniform diameter, which is separated 
from the rectum by a pronounced constriction., 
The rectum is piriform and short in young 
specimens; it is elongated in older ones. In- 
ternally it presents a division into an anterior 
and posterior portion. There are a number of 
conspicuous cell structures, possibly glandular 
in nature, in connection with the rectum. There 
are no lateral alae, but there are sharp cuticular 
ridges on each side of each lateral line which 
show as distinct parallel lines on each side of 
the body. There is a prominent transverse 
striation. 
Male 4.3 to 5 mm. long (von Linstow (1899) 
Fig. 76.—Oxyuris AM- says 2.9 mm.) and 240 to 275 p thick. Head 
eee diameter, 55 to60p. Esophagus, exclusive of the 
Entarcen. Arter bulb, 3870 to 412 » long and with a maximum 
NAcc es thickness of 60 to 70 p. Esophageal bulb almost 
spherical, 120 to 130 p long by 112 to 125 py thick. The nerve ring is 
150 to 175 ». from the head end. The distance from the cloacal aper- 
ture to the posterior end of the body is 370 to 410 y. There is a bur- 
sal membrane. There are five papillae in relation with the cloacal 
aperture (fig. 76). One pair of these, commonly regarded as pre- 
anal, is practically adanal. Another pair is postanal and very close 
to the cloacal aperture. The other papilla, unpaired, is directly be- 
hind the cloacal aperture. Another pair of papillae is located 130 to 
150 p. posterior of the cloacal aperture at the point where the body of 
the worm suddenly narrows to form the long, thin tail, which is 225 
to 260 p long (fig. 77). The spicule is 90 to 120 » long, simple in 





No. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 69 





shape, the first half of almost uniform diameter, with a gradual 
taper posteriorly and slightly curved. 

Female 9 to 11 mm. long (von Linstow’s measurements of 6.4 mm. 
must be regarded as those of rather small specimens) and attaining 
a maximum diameter behind the vulva of 515 to 590 ». Head diameter, 
50 to 70 p. The posterior end of the 
body has a quite distinctive structure. 
Posterior of the anus is a long tail 
(fig. 78) which, with the exception of a 
thin terminal portion, shows in optical 
section, first the cuticle, externally, then 
the cellular walls of the prolonged body 
cavity, and finally the clear area indi- 
cative of the cavity itself, thus forming 
five parallel bands. For over half the 
length of this tail the proximal portion 
shows only a very fine transverse 
striation. The remaining distal portion 
shows a number of definite annular 
structures, usually 35 to 48 in number, 
formed by the annu- 
lar splitting of the 
cuticle, the part be- 
tween the separated 
surfaces of cuticle 
containing a granu- 
lar content (fig. 79). 
The proximal three 
or four of these an- 
nuli show an in- 
creasing size, the first 
being at times barely 
indicated, then there 
are a variable num- 





Fig. 77.—OXYuURIS é : 
AMBIGUA. POSTE- ber of uniform s1zZe 


RIOREXTREMITYOF nd finally a long 
MALE, VIEWED 


FROM THE sIpE, S@€Yrles O f annuli Fic. 78.—OXYURIS AMBIGUA. Pos- 
ENLARGED, AFTER gradually diminish- TERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. 





SCHNEIDER, 1866. ENLARGED. 


ing in size. The 

granular content gives the gross effect of dark bands and the micro- 
scopic effect of cuticular areolar markings. At the posterior end of 
this part of the tail there is a constant nucleus in the median field. 
The esophagus, exclusive of the esophageal bulb, is 495 to 535 p long 
and 68 to 80 » thick. The esophageal bulb is almost constantly 
spherical with a fairly uniform diameter in mature females of about 


70 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





155 p. The nerve ring is 190 to 215 » behind the anterior end of the 
body. From the anus to the end of the tail is 2.34 to 4.51 mm., of 


Fie. 79.—OXYURIS AMBIGUA. 
A PORTION OF THE POSTERI- 
OR EXTREMITY OF THE FE- 
MALE, 





which the thin, solid terminal portion is 
190 to 210 py. The vulva is 1.54 to 1.89 mm. 
from the anterior end. The vagina extends 
far posteriorly and then branches, sending 
two uteri forward. Eggs of typical 
Oxyuris shape, flattened on one side, 95 to 
103 p long by 43 yp thick in utero. (Von 
Linstow’s measurements of 130 by 53 p are 
probably for the eggs as oviposited.) 

Hosts—Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus 
cuniculus), Lepus europaeus (Lepus tim- 
idus), Lepus arcticus (Lepus glacialis), 
Lepus species, Sylvilagus floridanus mal- 
lurus. 

Location—Cecum and large intestine. 
(Von Linstow (1899) lists it from “ Cav. 
abdom.”’) 

Localities —Germany, Austria, United 
States (Washington, District of Columbia; 
Bethesda, Maryland; Nebraska; Detroit, 
Michigan). 2". 

Life history—Probably direct and sim- 
ple. Eggs oviposited in morula stage. 

Schneider (1866) states that this species 
has a lateral membrane broadened on its 
free edge to form a T-shaped cross section. 
T am unable to verify this. So far as I can 
determine the only lateral membrane is that 
indicated by the cuticular ridges bounding 
the lateral lines.- These might suggest a 
T-shaped cross section on focusing. 

Dujardin (1845) makes this species type 
and only species of the genus Passalurus. 
The genus is apparently based on the mouth 
armature. I have retained it in Owvyuris 
on its general conformity. See Addendum, 
page 224. 


OXYURIS EVOLUTA von Linstow, 1899. 

Synonym.—Oxyuris evaginata Smith, 1908. 

Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Body of typical Oxyuris 
shape, the female showing the prolonged posterior extremity. There 
are three large broad lips (fig. 80) and between them three other 
intermediate lip structures projecting nearer to the median longitu- 
dinal axis. Posterior and median of these and forming an anterior 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 71 





pharyngeal border is an incised cuticular plate with markings defi- 
nitely related to the above-mentioned lips. There is a club-shaped 
esophagus which gradually increases in size posteriorly and finally 
terminates in a subspherical bulb 
which is separated by a deep con- 
striction from the preceding por- 
tion of the esophagus. This bulb is 
supplied witha tripartite, chitin- 
ized dental apparatus. The intes- 
tine has at least one anterior and 
one posterior local dilatation, and 
finally terminates in a large ovoid 
dilatation, probably having the 
function of a colon, followed by a 
short narrow tube to the anus. 
There are two cervical alae, ex- 
tending back less than half the ‘—omm 
length of the esophagus. There is 


Sar Fic. 80.—OXYURIS EVOLUTA. MOUTH VIEWED 
a fine transverse striation, often FROM THE FRONT. SLIGHTLY FLATTENED UN- 
obscure, and the usual fine longi- — P®® PRESSURE. 

tudinally oblique striation due te the musculature. The nerve ring is 
far forward on the esophagus, unusually close to the head. The 
excretory canals unite just behind the esophageal bulb and the ex- 
cretory pore opens 
just anterior of the 
vulva. 

Male 4.6 to 6.53 
mm. long, with a 
maximum thick- 
ness of about 350 yp. 
Head diameter is 
from 45 to 75 p, but 
the contour of the 
head in this genus 
Ss is such that there is 
er Qe” no distinct place,as 
Yr" a rule, at which to 
Fig. 81.—Oxyuris Evotura. Posrerror Extremity or Mate, EN- take this measure- 

LARGED. ment. The length 
of the esophagus, exclusive of the bulb, is 500 to 660 » and its thick- 
ness is 70 to 105 p. ~The bulb is subspherical, 145 to 175 pw long by 135 
to 170 » thick. The nerve ring is 85 to 105 » behind the anterior end 
of the body. The bursa is only slightly developed, but there is one pair 
of postanal papillae which are highly developed in the form of elon- 
gate conical rays and show a close homology with similar rays in 0. 
triradiata which function as supporters of a well-developed bursal 











a AU gun NRA 


ite PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


membrane. There is also a pair of well-developed conical adanal pa- 

-pillae. The tightly coiled posterior extremity of the male (fig. 81) in 
this species makes any study of the bursa quite difficult. Associated 
with this coiling habit is the presentation on the ventral surface, the 
inner side of the coil, of several series of short parallel longitudinal 
lines, commonly present, but apparently of a transient nature. The 
spicule is slightly curved and difficult to measure, owing to the grad- 
ual failure to complete chitinization in the proximal portion. Its ap- 
parent range in length is from 85 to 175 py. The accessory piece is 
flask-shaped and is 30 to 40 » long. The bursal membrane extends 
from the adanal papillae to the postanal, swinging in toward the 
body, and then forms a small membrane between the postanal papil- 
lae and the thin terminal portion of the body. The distance from 
the cloacal aperture to the posterior extremity of the body is 110 to 
230 yp, of which the terminal portion posterior of the postanal papil- 
Jae makes up 75 to 135 y. and the distance from the cloacal aperture 
to the postanal papillae makes up 85 to 100 yp. 

Female 9 to 18 mm. long, with a maximum thickness slightly ex- 
ceeding 1 mm. The body terminates in the prolongation usual in 
the female Owyuwris, and in favorable specimens this portion shows 
markings somewhat similar to those of Owyuris ambigua. However, 
they are arranged in spirals and not in closed circles or annulations, 
the number of turns being 18 to 24 in adults and fewer in young 
specimens. The last spiral straightens out and extends on as a 
straight line to the end of the body. ‘The spirals appear to involve 
the subeuticular epithelial structures primarily, and only involve 
the cuticle in that it is apparently grooved on its inner surface to 
receive this spiral. The head varies in diameter from 100 to 190 p, 
due partly to the difficulty of finding a definite position at which to 
measure. The esophagus, exclusive of the esophageal bulb, measures 
895 » to 1.065 mm. long by 170 to 185 » thick in mature specimens, 
and the subspherical bulb measures 225 to 275 pw long by 290 to 345 p 
thick. The nerve ring is far forward on the esophagus, 95 to 155 p 
from the anterior end of the body. The excretory pore opens just 
anterior of the vulva in the ventral line. The anus is a circular aper- 
ture 1.72 to 2.58 mm. from the tip of the tail in mature specimens. 
For a short distance back from the tail there are no distinctive 
features. The middle portion of the tail shows the spiral markings 
already mentioned, while the posterior portion of the tail terminates 
in a thin prolongation devoid of markings. The position of the 
vulva and vagina is distinctive of this and the following species 
(fig. 82). The distal portion of the vagina extends through a cutic- 
ular tube which projects out from the body of the worm, and the 
vulva is located on the distal extremity of this tube. The vagina 
is suspended in the tube by two mesenteries which extend along the 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 13 





sides of the tube and which are apparently developed from the ven- 
tral line of the worm but not in the dorso-ventral line of the worm 
as might be expected. 
The vulva, moreover, is 
located transversely and 
not longitudinally. This 
vulva is formed by a 
deep slit in the end of 
the tube, the slit forming 
two prominent lips. The 
origin of the tube is be- 
tween a third and a 
fourth of the length of 
the worm from the head, 
or 4 to 5 mm. in mature 
- specimens. The inclosing 
vaginal tube attains a 
maximum length of 
about 1.9 mm. and a 
maximum thickness of 
225 wp. The vagina en- 
ters this tube as a thick- 
walled structure, but be- 
fore attaining the distal 
end the walls thin to a 
membrane of epithelial 
nature. Shortly after 
its entrance into the 
body cavity proper (fig. 
83), the posteriorly di- 
rected vagina transforms 
into a much dilated sac, 
apparently the recepta- 
culum seminis, oval in 
form, the constricted 
posterior termination 
connecting by a_ short 
uterine tube with the 
long uterus. Near the 
anal region the uterus 
terminates and divides 
to .form the oviducts 
which extend forward 
along the sides of the uterus and transform anteriorly into the looped 
ovaries. The eggs are of the typical Oxyuris shape, flattened on one 
side and measure in utero 55 to 65 p. long by about 25 p. thick. 





Fic. 82.—OXYURIS EVOLUTA. FEMALE. AFTER SMITH, 1908. 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Hosts—Acanthion brachyura (Hystrix brachyura), Erethizon 
dorsatum, E'rethizon epixanthum. 

Location.—Cecum and small intestine. 

Localities —Berlin (Zoological Collection) ; United States (Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania (Zoological 
Garden); Washington, District of 
Columbia (Zoological Park); Wis- 
consin). | 

This species was first described by 
von Linstow (1899) and has since been 
noted only by Smith (1908). Both of 
these writers had only nongravid 
females which had attained only about 
half of the adult size. This accounts 
for the fact that the measurements 
given here are in excess of those given 
by von Linstow and by Smith. The 
writer is fortunate in having an abun- 
dance of material collected in 1896 by 
Dr. Albert Hassall from Lrethizon 
epixanthum, together with some more 
material, in very bad shape, however, 
sent in from Frethizon dorsatum in 
Wisconsin in 1898. The material first 
noted contains numerous males. 

For a similar species see the next 
species, Oxyuris hilgerti. 

OXYURIS HILGERTI Seurat, 1914d. 

Specific diagnosis.—Oxyuris (p. 65) : 
Cuticle transversely striated at 14 p 
intervals. No lateral alae. Muscle 
cells diamond-shaped and 800 yp long. 
Mouth with three lips (fig. 84), each 
provided with one papilla. Buccal 

Fic. 83--Oxyuris Eyotuta. Fe. cavity very short.,.., Hsaphageal bulb 

MALE GENITALIA, AFTER SMITH, with denticular apparatus. Intestine 

1908. ° oes 

larger at its origin than the bulb. Two 
prominent rectal glands. Nerve ring one-eighth of esophagus length 
from anterior extremity. Small excretory pore opens posterior of 
the esophageal bulb in the middle of a long clear area. Copulation 
occurs at an early stage while the males and females are nearly the 
same size, the females subsequently becoming mature and much 
larger than the males. 

Male 3.8 to 6.2 mm. long and very slender. Posterior extremity 
commonly rolled in a spiral of two turns. Length of esophagus is 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 75 





one-seventh of total body length. Tail (fig. 85) terminates in a 
dorsal point 200 » long. There are two narrow bursal alae. There 
are three pairs of caudal papillae, one pair preanal and two postanal ; 
the second pair of postanal papillae is pedunculated and sustains the 
bursal alae. The caudal glands appar- 
ently open between the two pairs of post- 
anal papillae. The spicule is 300 p long 
and is slightly enlarged at its free extrem- 
ity. The gubernaculum is 70 p long. 
Female attains a maximum length of 
about 12.7 mm. and a thickness of about 
600 p. Tail long and narrow, one-fourth 
as long as the body (fig. 86). Esopha- 
gus one-sixth to one-twelfth of body 
length. Ovaries 5 mm. long, slightly 
looped, blackish from reserve granules. 
Vagina is everted to the exterior to a dis- 
tance of 125 py or more (fig. 87). In 
larvae in the fourth stage, 2.7 mm. long, 
and in some small and immature females, 
7.2 to 9 mm. long, the vulva, which is 
about one-third of the length of the worm 
from the anterior extremity, presents a 
prominent anterior lip and opens into a 
vagina lined with a thick cuticle; at the 
ther end of the 
vagina is the 
ovijector. No 
spermatozoa are 
found in the 
receptaculum 
seminis. Im- 
mediately after 
the fourth molt, 
and long before 
Fig. 84.—OXYURIS HILGERTI. sexual ey 
ANTERIOR EXTREMITY, Lat- 15S attained, the 
ERAL VIEW. Cc, CEPHALIC famale. then 
GLAND. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. z 
[It is not clear from Seurat’s fig- usually aboutthe ine, s5—oxvuris mcERT. Pos- 
ures whetherthisscalebelongs Same size as the TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VEN- 
with this figure or not.] male, ®-¢6: 5) mn. TRAL VIEW. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 
long, is fertilized. Immediately after, the eversion of the vagina 
occurs, thereby automatically preventing further attempts at fer- 
tilization. Young females when fertilized show little development 


“rioo! 
‘tloos 





76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vo. 50. 


of the genital glands; the ovaries and oviducts are represented by a 
narrow strand 1.4 mm. long, translucid and without reserve granules. 


5 mm. 


Fig. 86.—OXYURIS HIL- 
GERTI. FEMALE. 
AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 





The two receptacula seminis are 150 p long and 
65 p. thick and are distended with spermatozoa. 
The two parallel uteri are 600 p long and are 
empty. The musculo-epithelial first portion of 
the ovijector is 1 mm. long and unites the uterus 
and a vestibule with a thick internal cuticular 
lining; this portion of the ovijector and the 
vestibule have a remarkably large development 
of the external muscular layer. The vagina is 
prolapsed to a distance of 125 py. The ovijector 
extends along the everted vagina to its distal ex- 
tremity. In an exceptional female the vagina is 
not everted; it has the form of a truncated cone 
and the ovijector opens into it on the summit of 
a rounded nipple (fig. 88). When the female has 
attained its final size, the ovaries are completely 
developed but there are no eggs in the uterus. 
The fertilized eggs gradually make their way to 
the uteri; the latter elongate considerably, and in 
the female which is completely mature they are 
cistended with eggs disposed in four or five rows 
and occupying almost all of the body cavity 
posterior of the esophageal bulb to the anal re- 
gion. The eggs (fig. 89) are thick shelled, flat- 
tened on one side, 75 to 80 » long and 20 to 30 p. 
thick, and are oviposited in the morula stage. 

TTost.—Ctenodactylus gundi. 

Location.—Cecum. 

Locality—Bou Saada, Algeria. 

Seurat calls the phenomenon of precocious 
copulation between a mature male and an in- 
mature female “progamie,” and notes that this 
progamy is rather common among nematodes. 
He notes it as occurring in species of 7'ropidocerca, 
which have enormous seminal receptacles; in 
Dispharagus invaginatus Linstow, where after 
copulation the vulvar region invaginates to the 


interior of a cylinder formed by a cuticular fold, which prevents fur- 
ther union; and notes as a most curious example M/aupasina weissi 
Seurat, in which, after copulation, the young female secretes a very 
prominent blackish cuticular ring which seals the vulva. In this 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. TT 








latter connection it may be noted that the cement glands in the tails 
of Strongylus give rise to prominent vulvar plugs. 





87. 88. 


Figs. 87, 88.—OXYURIS HILGERTI. 87, GENITALIA OF IMMATURE FEMALE. AFTER SEURAT, 1915. a, 
OVARY; 7, RECEPTACULUM SEMINALIS; 1, MUSCULO-EPITHELIAL OVIJECTOR; U, UTERUS; v, VAGINA. 88, 
EXCEPTIONAL ARRANGEMENT OF TERMINAL GENITALIA IN FEMALE, AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 


Seurat (1915d) extended his original description of this species 
in a later paper. It might be noted in passing that the name of the 
parasite is marked “n. sp.” in both cases, 
a not uncommon thing but nevertheless 
one which is very misleading and a thing 
which writers should guard against in 
the interests of accuracy. 


OXYURIS FLAGELLUM Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 
1828. 





Synonym.—Oxyuris flabellum Ehrb. Fic, 89—OXYURIS HILGERM. 
: EGG, AFTER SEURAT, 1915. 
of Nassonov, 1898 (reviewer’s error). 
Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): Mouth without papillae, its 
aperture almost hexagonal, formed by six bilaterally symmetrical 
scallops. The tail equals a third or more of the body length. The 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Fie. 90.—Oxyuris 
FLAGELLUM. FE- 
MALE GENITALIA. 
ENLARGED. 
AFTER NASSO- 
Noy, 1897. 


cylindrical esophagus is followed by a bulb ap- 
proximately as long as the esophagus and contain- 
ing a triangular tooth apparatus. The excretory 
canals begin at the level of the esophagus in a 
large, strongly granular cell containing a vacuole. 
The cuticle has a fine transverse striation which 
disappears behind the anus. 

Male unknown. 

Female 25 mm. long. Esophagus, including 
esophageal bulb, 700 yp. long. Originating in a 
large cell at the level of the middle of the esopha- 
gus, the excretory vessels extend through the lateral 
fields, which consist of two lateral cells and one 
median projecting cell perforated by the vessel. 
Just in front of the vulva the anterior and posterior 
half of each canal unite to form a reservoir which 
opens externally through a fine aperture. The 
cylindrical intestine les mostly along. the right 
lateral line and is compressed posteriorly. It 
terminates in a short rectum having a quadrangular 
cross section. The rectum is joined to the body 
wall by four membranes and shows large rectal 
cells on its anterior boundary. The anus is 7 mm. 
from the end of the tail. The ovaries (fig. 90) 
originate in the anterior portion of the body and 
increase in diameter with egg production. At their 
transition into the oviducts they narrow abruptly. 
Just in front of the anus, the oviducts enter the 
large uterus, which passes to the anterior portion 
of the body and turns back as the vagina, which is 
short and surrounded by circular muscles. The 
muscles are not present at the vulva, which is a 
broad cleft with swollen edges situated 4 mm. from 
the head (fig. 91). The eggs are apparently -of 
typical Oxyuris form, flattened on one side. 

THost.—Procavia syriaca (Ilyrax syriacus). 

Location.—Cecum. 

Locality—Near Mount Sinai, Palestine. 

Hemprich and Ehrenberg describe two varieties 
of this species as follows: 1. Variety obtusa; yel- 
lowish, the curved tail more than a third of the 
body length, neither pointed nor alate. 2. Variety 
acuta; white, the straight tail not exceeding a third 
of the body length, pointed but not alate. It seems 
possible that these writers were dealing with two 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 79 


species, in which case it would be difficult to say to which of these the 
name O. flagellum should be applied. Schneider (1866), who rede- 





Fic. 91.—OXYURIS FLAGEL- 
LUM. FEMALE. ENLARG- 
ED. AFTER NASSONOV, 
1897. 


shaped lamellae. 


The 


scribed this species, does not comment on 
this point, and I find no note on it in the 
reviews of Nassonov’s (1897) Russian 
article. 

Nassonov has made a _ histological and 
minute study of this species, some of his 
findings being as follows: The mouth is not 
papillate, as stated by Hemprich and Ehren- 
berg, and its lumen is hexagonal instead of 
triangular, as stated by Schneider (1866). 
Histologically, the cuticle is found to consist 
of two layers, which are quite independent 
except in the lateral lines, where they unite. 
In some places, especially near the genital 
aperture, these layers are remote from one 
another, the outer cuticular sheet bowing 
out near the vulva, the space between such 
separations being filled with a homogenous, 
colorable substance. The matrix, or sub- 
cutaneous sheet, consists of a layer of rela- 
tively large cells, which are compressed to 
the side, toward the middle and lateral fields, 
in the muscular fields where the muscle 
fibers attach directly to the cuticle. The 
number of matrix cells in a cross section 
varies according to the body region—in the 
tail end there are 6, in the posterior region 
of the body there are 
8, and in the middle 
and anterior region 
there are 16. 


OXYURIS HAMATA von 
Linstow, 1879). 


Specific diagnosis.— 
Oxyuris (p. 65): Cuti- 
cle transversely annu- 
lated. Mouth with six Gis xt tee 
conical lips (fig. 92), TREMITY OF FEMALE. 
which turn outward to oes bg 
form blunt hook- | eh 
pharynx apparently communicates through 





Fic, 92.—OXYURIS HAM- 


a constricted aperture with a dilated portion of the esophageal 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 








lumen, in which is a complex apparatus apparently for masticatory 
purposes. The esophagus is very long, 1/3.8 of the total body length, 
and terminates in an esophageal bulb provided with valvular teeth. 

Male unknown. 

Female 5.6 mm. long and 2 mm. thick [sic!]. The long pointed 
tail is one-fourth of the body length. 

Host.—M yocastor coypus (Myopotamus coypus). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality —Stuttgart Zoological Gardens. 

Von Linstow states that this species can not be confused with any 
known species. It is unfortunate that he does not give an interpreta- 
tion of the buccal and esophageal structures, as these things can 
seldom be evaluated as well from drawings as from the specimens 
themselves. Von Linstow states that the female is 2 mm. thick, but 
it seems likely that this should have been 200 » thick if the length, 
5.5 mm., is correctly stated. 


- OXYURIS OBESA Diesing, 1851. 


Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Head with six papillae 
anteriorly (fig. 98), the submedian papillae with a knob on the tip. 
The mouth aperture is cir- 
cular and posterior of the 
aperture, and inside the buc- 
cal capsule are six cuticular 
folds with curved margins. 
The cuticle of the head is not 
inflated. The esophagus 
terminates posteriorly in an 
esophageal bulb bearing a 
tooth apparatus. 

Male unknown. 

Female attains a maximum 
length of 2.8 to 3 cm. long. 
The posterior extremity is 
straight, subulate, and almost 
as long as the remainder of 
Fig. 93.—OXYURIS OBESA. @, HEAD VIEWED FROM the body (fig. 94). The anus 

THE FRONT; b, CROSS SECTION OF ESOPHAGUS; Cc, 1s about 1.6 cm. from the end 


CROSS SECTION OF ESOPHAGUS POSTERIOR OF b; d, : 8. : Oe 
CROSS SECTION OF ESOPHAGUS POSTERIOR OF c. EN- of the tail. The V uly a 1s 


LARGED; b, c, AND d X 93. AFTER SCHNEIDER, about 8 mm. from the an- 
1866. * 
terior end. The eggs are 
‘thick shelled, elliptical, and without depression. Females 7 mm. 
long have the sex organs developed and apparently are fertilized, 
since the vulva bears a brown plug. This plug is not present in older 
specimens, 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 


81 


Host.—Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Hydrochoerus capybara). 


Location.—Cecum. 

Locality — Brazil. 

Schneider’s (1866) statement that the eggs are without 
depression may be taken to mean that they are symmetri- 
cal instead of flattened in the usual fashion of Oryuris 
eggs. It is possible that this is the case or that the eggs 
seen by him were not yet in a final state of development 
or were seen in an unfavorable aspect. 


OXYURIS OBVELATA (Rudolphi, 1802) Dujardin, 1845. 


Synonyms.—Ascaris vermicularis %. muris Froelich, 
1791; Ascaris obvelata Rudolphi, 1802; Fusaria obvelata 
(Rudolphi, 1802) Zeder, 1803; Ascaris oxyura Nitzsch, 
1821; Syphacia obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) Seurat, 1916. 

Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Body elongate 
fusiform. Cuticle transversely striate and not dilated in 
the head region. Three broad lips, each bearing a median 
papilla on its outer face. Mouth cavity simple. The 
club-shaped esophagus terminates in a subspherical bulb. 
The rectum is elongate and communicates with the in- 
testine by a valve. Two small cervical alae. The ex- 
cretory pore les a little posterior of the esophageal bulb. 

Male 1.6 mm. long by 115 » thick. The posterior ex- 
tremity is coiled in a spiral. The spicule (fig. 95) is 
simple, slightly curved, and is 85 p long and 7 p. thick at 
the base. The small accessory piece, situated transversely 
posterior of the spicule, is shaped like a ploughshare and 
is 87 p long. The cloacal aperture is 210 » from the very 
narrow posterior end of the body. There are two pairs 
of preanal and one of postanal papillae. The posterior 
lip of the cloacal aperture has a small chitinous hook that 
may be of use in copulation. 

Female 3.5 to 5.7 mm. long by 115 to 215 p thick. The 
body terminates in a long, narrow tip posteriorly (fig. 
96). The esophagus, exclusive of the bulb, is 255 to 830 
p long by 50 to 70 » thick. The subglobular esopha- 





FIG. 94.—Oxy- 
URIS OBESA. 
FEMALE, X 
3. AFTER 
DIESING, 
1857. 


geal bulb is 85 to 100 » long and 75 to 110 » thick. The nerve 
ring is 100 to 130 » from the anterior end. The excretory pore 
is about 480 » from the anterior end. The anus is 515 to 705 p 
from the tip of the tail. The vulva is very prominent and situated on 
a conical cuticular prominence 540 to 740 » posterior of the head. 
The vagina extends posteriorly from the vulva and is an elongate 
structure about 170 » long. Uterine branches do not extend pos- 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——6 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 50. 





terior of the anus. The eggs are 110 to 142 » long by 30 to 40 p thick. 
The embryo is not formed at the time of oviposition. 

Hosts —Mus musculus, Mus musculus albus, Micromys minutus 
(Mus minutus), Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), EE pimys rat- 
tus (Mus rattus), Epimys ugan- 
dae (Mus ugandae), Mus muscu- 
loides, Microtus arvalis (Arvi- 
cola campestris, Lemmus  ar- 
valis, Arvicola arvalis), Evo- 
tomys  glareolus (Arvicola 
glareolus, Arvicola rubidus), 
Pitymys subterraneus (Arvicola 

subterraneus), Arvicola amphib- 
Fig. 95.—OXYURIS OBVELATA. POSTERIOR EX- ° eye 

TREMITY OF MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER von CUS (Lemmus amphibius) , Evo- 

Linstow, 1879. tomys rutilis (Lemmus rutilis), 
Onychomys leucogaster (Hesperomys leucogaster) , Holochilus physo- 
des (Hesperomys physodes), Peromyscus nasutus (Hesperomys nasu- 
tus), Oxymycterus nasutus, Citellus citellus (Spermophilus citellus, 
Arctomys citellus), Holochilus brasiliensis (Holochilomys brasilien- 
sis), Mus minutoides (Leggada minutoides), Neotoma mexicana 
fallax, Arvicanthis barbarus. 

















wy . 











aT 





Fia. 96.—OXYURIS OBVELATA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, SHOWING FUNGUS GROWTH. EN- 
LARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1884. 


Location —Cecum and large intestine. 

Localities —Cosmopolitan: France (Rennes), Germany (Greifs- 
wald), Austria (Vienna), Australia (Brisbane), Africa (Fort Portal, 
Kitagueta), United States (Washington, District of Columbia; 
Bowie, Maryland; Colorado Springs and San Acacia, Colorado). 

For the most part this species has been considerably confused with 
Oxyuris tetraptera. In his original description Rudolphi has con- 
fused the two forms. This is not surprising, in that the two occur 
in the same location in the same hosts and are much the same in 


NO. 2131. NHMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL, 83 


general appearance. They are, however, readily distinguished, and 
the presence of the two species has been recognized for almost a 
century. Since Rudolphi has confused two species under a single 
name it is necessary to restrict the name used by him to one of these 
species. I have accordingly left as Ovyuris obvelata the form which 
is evidently not covered by Oxvyuris tetraptera. 

The maximum length, 5.7 mm., given for the female by Dujardin 
(1845) is in excess of that I have found, which fact is possibly asso- 
ciated with the measurements of the distance from the head to the 
vulva, 1 to 1.83 mm. Von Linstow (1879a) states that back of the 
vulva aperture is a chitinized hollow cylinder with a somewhat wider 
aperture which seems to serve for the reception of the male accessory 
piece. I have not been able to identify this structure. Males are 
apparently very rare in this species, contrary to my experience with 
O. tetraptera, and none is available to me. I have had to depend 
on other writers for a description of the male. Von Linstow (1884) 
notes that males are very rare and apparently short lived in this 
species. He adds that females 360 » long have the vulva closed with 
a brown plug, the sign of fertilization already accomplished. Von 
Linstow also notes a fungus growth as common on the skin of many 
females. This fungus starts at the anus (fig. 96) and apparently 
arises from fungi growing in the excrement. From this point, where 
it shows as a sepia-brown body visible to the naked eye, it spreads 
posteriorly to the end of the tail and anteriorly to the head. Neo- 
toma mexicana fallax is recorded here as a host for the first time, the 
host being collected in Colorado. 

Seurat (1916: See Addendum, p. 224) makes this type of the new 
genus Syphacia. He regards O. stronia as a synonym. 


OXYURIS PUGIO Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. 


Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Head alate. Mouth bare. 

Male unknown. 

Female “ Trilinearis” (three lined or three lines (6.5 mm.) long?). 
Anterior portion of body ovigerous. Tail semialate. 

Host—Procavia syriaca (Hyrax syriacus). 

Location—Large intestine. 

Locality —Palestine. 

This form has never been described properly. Nassonov (1897) 
states that he found this form, but, contrary to what some of his 
reviewers state, he published no study of it, merely quoting Hemp- 
rich and Ehrenberg. 


84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


OXYURIS SCIURI Hall, 1916, new name. 


Synonym.—Oxyuris species Parona, 1889. 

Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Head not inflated. Mouth 
with papillae and with distinct internal foldings. Club-shaped 
esophagus with esophageal bulb. Intestine large and straight. 

Male unknown. 

Female 17 mm. long and 49 » (%) thick. The body is much at- 
tenuated posteriorly. The swollen portion of the esophagus proper 
is 750 » from the anterior end and is 70 » in diameter. The bulb is 
21 » in diameter. The anus is very small and is 40 » (?) from the 
tip of the mucronate tail. No anal papillae visible. The vulva is 
6 mm. from the anterior end. The oviducts are in compressed, ser- 
rate loops; the ovaries are very long. 

Host.—Sciurus atrodorsalis. 

Location.—Nares and mouth (%). 

Locality —Kokarit. 

Parona had five females of this species and states that the fact that 
his material included no males prevented him from describing it as a 
new species, although he believes it to be new. While it is a good gen- 
eral rule to have both sexes, and especially the more distinctive male, 
it is a rule with limitations and these limitations are especially ap- 
plicable in the genus Oayuris, where the males are small, easily over- 
looked, short lived, and rare. That a carefully described female 
Oxyuris is readily recognized is proven in such a case as that of 
O. evoluta, the male of which is first described in this paper. Even 
in the case of such a form as Parona’s, his comparatively incomplete 
description will probably prove sufficient to permit of immediate 
recognition of material from the named host. 

Parona states that these worms must have been found in the stomach 
or intestine. There must have been some error in the labeling which 
indicates the collection of these worms from the nares and mouth. 

I have queried the figures given for the thickness of the body by 
Parona, on the grounds that it hardly agrees with the general rela- 
tions of Oxyuris. 'Ten times the figure given would be more likely. 
For the same reason I have queried the dimensions given for the 
distance from the anus to the tip of the tail. 

Parona states that the esophageal bulb has two swellings. I have 
interpreted this as a reference to the posterior dilatation of the 
esophagus proper and to the esophageal bulb. 


OXYURIS STOSSICHI Setti, 1897a. 


Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): Cuticle finely but somewhat 
irregularly striate transversely. Anteriorly the cuticle expands 
laterally to form two alae, the length of which varies with the speci- 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 85 





men, but is usually about 1 mm. or less. The club-shaped esophagus 
terminates in the esophageal bulb. The intestine is considerably 
dilated anteriorly, is sharply constricted behind the en- 
larged portion, and then pursues an almost rectilinear 
course with fairly constant diameter to the anal 
aperture. 

Male 5 to 8 mm. long and 370 to 580 » thick. The 
posterior extremity of the body (fig. 97) is spirally en- 
rolled and bears a short conical projection at the tip. 
The spicule is about 250 wu long and is 16 yp thick at the 
base. It is directed posteriorly toward the projection 
on the tip of the tail. The cloacal aperture is about 130 
p. from the posterior extremity of the body. 

Female 12 mm. long and with a maximum thickness 
of about 1 mm. The esophagus is from 500 to 700 u 
long. The bulb has a diameter of 200 py. The anus is 
2 to 2.5 mm. from the posterior extremity of the body. 
The vulva (fig. 98) is about 1.7 mm. from the anterior 
extremity of the body. The uterus shows large dilata- 
tions full of innumerable eggs. The eggs (fig. 99) are 
of the typical asymmetrical shape. They are 70 to 75 u 
long and 35 to 38 p thick. The embryonic mass occupies 
only the central portion, leaving a considerable clear 
portion. 

Host.—Hystrix cristata. 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality.—Massaua, Eritrea, 
Italy. 

I have taken the dimensions of the 
esophagus, given by Setti in his gen- 
eral discussion, as probably apply- 
ics ing to the female. Also I have dis- 

Fia. 97.—Oxyuris regarded his statement that the egg me. 98.—oxy- 

Bees as shape is either asymmetrical or [iy Sse 

MALE. X 50. ArreR symmetrical. This depends entirely — arrer sett, 

fee on the point of view. The Oxyuris ‘" 
egg is flattened on one side, and this is what is meant by asymmetrical 
here. 





OXYURIS STROMA von Linstow, 1884. 


Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): Three 


Fia. 99.—O xX Y URIS : : : : ae 
Be aaa, hyaline lips (fig. 100) about a triangular aperture 
x 100. Artek which is first surrounded by a circular disk. Dor- 
Bae oe sally and ventrally the underlying parenchyma pro- 


jects to form three elevations on each side. In each case the median 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


elevation bears a single papilla and the other elevations bear a double 
papilla. 

Male 1.5 mm. long and 160 w thick. The 
esophagus is 2/9 of the total length. The spic- 
ule is straight and is 79 » long (fig. 101). The 
accessory piece has a hooked point and is 36 p 
long. The cloacal aperture is 2/31 of the total 
length from the posterior end of the body. 
There is one pair of large postanal papillae. 
Anterior of the cloacal aperture are two cuticu- 
lar bullae, and anterior of these are three pecul- 
Fia. 100.—Oxyoris stroma. jar large projecting pads, of which the most 

HEAD VIEWED FROM THE . at Pile : : 

rRonr. ENLaRcep. Ar- anterior is in the median portion of the body. 

gee eo Female 4.6 mm. long and 360 p thick. The 
esophagus is 1/10.7 of the total body length. The anus is 1/7 of 
the body length from the posterior extremity. The vulva is 4/15 
of the body length from the anterior extremity. The eggs 
are 130 to 140 » long and 48 » thick. They 
have a double wall, the outer wall being marked 
with circular depressions showing a dark spot in 
the middle (fig. 102). The contained embryos 
have a strongly developed esophagus with a bulb 
bearing teeth and terminate in a rounded tail with 
no appendage. 

Life history—The embryos develop in the 
cecum, where von Linstow 
has found about 100 im- 
mature specimens 580 to 
640 »p long and 49 to 54 yp, 
thick. The esophagus in 
these measured 1/6.2 and 
the tail 1/7.1 of the total 
length. 

Host.—A podemus  sylva- 
ticus (Mus sylvaticus). 

Location. — Small  intes- 
Fig. 101-—OXYURISSTEOMA. “tine; immature forms im Fie.101—OxyuEr 


POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF | STROMA. Eqa@a. 
MALE. Entarcep. Ar- the cecum. ENLARGED. AFTEE 


TER VON LINSTOW, 1884. Localit y.—Not given. von Liystow, 1885. 
Seurat (1916) says this is O. obvelata. See Addendum, page 224. 








OXYURIS TETRAPTERA (Nitzsch, 1821) von Linstow, 1878a. 


Synonyms.—Ascaris dipodis Rudolphi, 1819, of Stossich, 1898; 
Ascaris tetraptera Nitzsch, 1821: Oxyuris semilanceolata Molin, 


No. 2131. 


NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 87 





1858¢; Oxyuris obvelata (Rudolphi, 1802) Dujardin, 1845, in part, 
of various authors. 





Fig. 103.—Oxy- 
URIS TETRAP- 
TERA. FEMALE. 
ENLARGED. 
AFTER M OLIN, 
18616. 


Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): There are three 
very simple lips surrounding a triangular mouth aper- 
ture which communicates directly with the esophagus, 
the lumen of which is also of triangular, though larger, 
cross section. No papillae appear to be present, prob- 
ably because they are obscured by the inflated cuticle 
of the head. The esophagus is somewhat club-shaped, 
as usual, but is thinnest in its middle portion. The 
terminal esophageal bulb is elongate oval instead of the 
customary subspherical in shape. The cuticle of the 
head (fig. 103) is inflated, the inflated area presenting 
either a clear or granular appearance. There are two 
characteristic cervical alae; these are prominent and 
terminate at the level of the esophageal bulb in a re- 
curved margin, the angle formed by this margin and 
the lateral border of the membrane being acute and 
slightly produced (fig. 104). Occasionally lenticular 
thickenings of the cuticle occur on the dorsal aspect 
near the posterior end of the cervical alae (fig. 105). 
The cuticle is transversely striated. 

Male 2 to 2.5 mm. long and 155 to 175 yp thick. 
Head, including the inflated cuticle, 65 to 90 p in 
diameter. The esophagus, exclusive of the esopha- 
geal bulb, is 195 to 225 p» long, with a maximum 
thickness of about 45 yp. The 
ovoid bulb is about 115 p long 
and 75 to 80 y thick. The nerve 
ring is 85 to 115 » from the 
anterior end of the body. The 
anterior portion of the intestine 
is greatly dilated and is reflected 
about the posterior portion of 
the esophageal bulb to form a 
depression in which the end of 
the bulb lies. The rectum is an 
elongate structure, about 95 to 
110 » long, tapering from a 
broad base to the cloacal aper- 
ture. The bursa (fig. 106) 1s fe. 104—OxyuRIs TET 
very narrow, somewhat serrate eae ae aS 
or scalloped along its border, and 





incised in the vicinity of the cloaca, the posterior and shorter portion 
extending from this region to the tip of the tail. The maximum 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. voL. 50. 





width is attained just anterior of the tip of the tail. The spicule is 
apparently much reduced or imperfectly chitinized and is not visible 
with ordinary technique. The cloacal aperture is about 185 to 150 p 
from the posterior extremity of the body. The cloacal aperture is 
situated on an elevation, but any papillae that are associated with 
it are so much reduced as to be un- 
recognizable by means of the usual 
technique. 

Female 2.58 to 4 mm. long and 190 
to 250 p thick. The esophagus, ex- 
clusive of the bulb, is 215 to 320 p long 
and 42 to 52 yw thick. The esophageal 
bulb is 120 to 150 p long by 78 to 86 p 
thick. The nerve ring is 110 to 140 p 
from the anterior end of the body. 
The intestine is considerably dilated 













105. : 106. 


Fias. 105, 106.—OXYURIS TETRAPTERA. 105, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY SHOWING CUTICULAR ENLARGEMENTS 
X 92.5. 106, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. a, DORSO-LATERAL VIEW; b, DORSAL VIEW. X 170. 


at its anterior end. The anus is 430 to 600 » from the posterior end 
of the body. The vulva is 1.075 to 1.66 mm. from the anterior end of 
the body, and is a transverse slit with somewhat swollen lips (fig. 
107). From the vulva the vagina proceeds forward a short distance 
and then turns back to a muscular ovijector, and then a nonmuscu- 
lar portion which communicates, through a valvular structure, with 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 89 


the uterus, the point of union being a short distance posterior of 
the vulva. The uterus extends posteriorly to a point just anterior or 
just posterior to the anus, where it forms the oviducts. Either the 
uterus or the oviducts extend posterior of the anus (fig. 108), a dis- 
tinctive point in distinguishing this species from its common associ- 
ate, Oxyuris obvelata. There is only a short, bluntly pointed clear 






N1q.107.—OXYURIS TETRAPTERA. AN- 

TERIOR EXTREMITY AND REGION OF 
VULVAIN FEMALE. es., ESOPHAGUS; 
es. bulb, ESOPHAGEAL BULB; int., IN- 
TESTINE; 0v., OVARY; ut., UTERUS; FIG. 108.—OXYURIS TETRAPTERA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF 


v., VULVA. X 46. FEMALE. X 92.5. 


tail posterior of the reproductive structures, another feature which 
distinguishes this species from O. obvelata where there is a long tail 
extending posterior of the anus. The eggs are of the typical Owyuris 
shape, 84 to 90 p. long and 34 to 40 p thick. 

Hosts—Mus musculus, Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), 
Cricetus cricetus (Cricetus frumentarius, Cricetus vulgaris), Jacu- 
lus jaculus (Dipus jaculus), Jaculus sagitta (Dipus sagitta). 

Location.—Large intestine. 


G() PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Localities. Germany (Saxony); Italy (Padua); Austria 
(Trieste) ; United States (Washington, District of Columbia; Colo- 
rado Springs, Colorado). 

The name Ascaris dipodis Rudolphi, listed by Stossich as a syno- 
nym of Oxyuris tetraptera, antedates the name proposed by Nitzsch, 
but Rudolphi (1819) did not describe this species and lists it with a 
cross, meaning “not seen.” It can not therefore be considered as an 
available name for this species. 

Molin’s measurements indicate that the worm is one-fourth as 
thick as it is long, an obvious error. He states that the spicule is 
papilliform, a statement which is copied by Stossich. I have been 
unable to identify any spicule in this species. 

This species has been very much confused with O. obvelata, but 
the two are readily distinguishable. 

Spiroptera quadrialata (q. Vv.) is probably O. tetraptera. 


OXYURIS TRIRADIATA Hall, 1916, new species. 


Specific diagnosis—Oxyuris (p. 65): Mouth with three promi- 
nent outer lips (fig. 109), each bearing two papillae anteriorly, and 
with three conical inner lips forming the triradiate mouth aperture 
(fig. 110) common in species of Oxyuris.. This communicates 
through the simple pharynx with the club-shaped esophagus, which 
becomes gradually thicker posteriorly and is separated by a con- 
striction from the powerful esophageal bulb. This bulb (fig. 111) 
is strongly muscled and the lumen is lined with chitin which is de- 
veloped into a dental apparatus in the posterior portion of the bulb. 
The bulb communicates with the intestine by means of a valve which 
projects into the lumen of the intestine. The anterior portion of the 
intestine is dilated to form a wide elongate saccular structure, and the 
posterior portion is constricted to form a narrower cylindrical 
structure. There are no lateral alae, but the cuticle around the 
head and neck, to a distance half the length of the esophagus, 
is swollen, often forming incidentally a narrow ring just back 
of the head. The cuticle is very distinctly transversely striate. 

Male 3.38 to 4.00 mm. long and 200 to 285 p» thick. The head 
diameter is about 55 p. The esophagus, exclusive of the bulb, is 310 
to 345 »p long and 48 to 50 » thick at the posterior end. The esopha- 
geal bulb is 100 to 105 » long and 95 to 105 » thick. The nerve ring 
is 200 to 260 » back of the anterior extremity of the body. The 
prominent cuticular striation disappears at the origin of the bursal 
membrane anterior of the cloacal aperture (fig. 112). The bursa forms 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 91 


an elliptical structure to a point near the end of the body proper, 
where the elliptical form terminates in an incision, the bursa then 
expanding again to form a terminal bursal structure resembling, to 
some extent, that of the strongyles. The bursa is supported by a 
median extension of the cuticle forming a dorsal ray and by lateral 
extensions forming lateral rays, one on each side. These three rays 
diverge at approximately right angles from the posterior end of 
the body. They tend to curve ventrally near their tips and the 
lateral rays curve somewhat posteriorly near their tips. The rays 
are approximately equal in length, ranging from 85 to 115 p. Near 
the middle of the dorsal ray is a 
transverse ridge on the dorsal as- 
pect, with its distal edge directed 
backward (fig. 113). Ventral of 
the main copulatory bursa are two 
































symmetrically Hi 
disposed acces- git i H 
HH H Hoe 50 
sory mem- ES ee ¥h H 4 
branes, each UR ete Bey 
; c INOS LT Lid Soe ese 
supported by a \ A RN Rayer ae 


single wavy 
ray. These 


membranes 


originate lat- Fic. eae He Fig. 110.—OXYURIS TRIRADIATA. HEAD VIEWED 
DIATA. HEAD. XX 340. FROM THE FRONT DIAGONALLY. XX 340. 





erally at a 
point just posterior of the incision which divides the main bursa 
into the rayed portion and the anterior elliptical portion. The 
median insertion of these membranes is on either side of the blunt, 
conical posterior termination of the body proper. Measured from 
the anterior origin, these bursal membranes are 45 to 50 yp long. 
Between their bases is a large papilla in the median line. At 
a point slightly anterior of this papilla the posterior portion of 
the body is protracted laterally to form two large papillae sug- 
gestive of the prebursal papillae of the strongyles. The spicule 
is a bluntly elongate conical affair, 43 to 52 » long and 10 to 15 p 
thick at the base. It is usually not well chitinized, but may show 
fairly heavy chitinous lines at the thick base. The cloacal aperture 
is 115 to 138 » from the posterior extremity of the dorsal ray. 
female 4.27 to 6.25 mm. long, with a maximum thickness, exclusive 
of the dorso-ventral line through the greatly swollen lips of the 
vulva, of about 4830 ». The head attains a maximum diameter of 
75 to 80 p. The esophagus, exclusive of the esophageal bulb, attains 
a maximum length of 400 to 415 » and a maximum thickness of 75 to 


92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





80 uw. The esophageal bulb attains.a maximum length of 125 » and 
a maximum thickness of 110 to 115 ». The nerve ring is 170 to 215 » 
from the anterior extremity of the body. The anus is 850 to 950 p 
from the posterior extremity of the long narrow tail (fig. 114). The 
cuticular striations continue to the very tip of the tail. The vulva 
(fig. 115) is located about 1.5 mm. from the anterior extremity of the 
body and is a transverse slit lying between the enormously devel- 












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it 


ae 


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at 


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rl 
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i 
i 
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as bull 





i 
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Pe Um Seno SSS 
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Clot 
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nth 


ea mee Sa eee 


ul 
ly 


i 


Fic. 111.—OxXYURIS TRIRADIATA. ESOPHAGEAL BULB. X 340. 


oped anterior and posterior lips. The part of the body lying inside 
of the cuticle is depressed by the pushing in of the vulva while the 
depression is filled on the outside of the cuticle and beyond the line 
of the body by the large cuticular labia. From the extreme borders 
of the two lips the anteroposterior measurement attains a maximum 
of about 500 ». This vulva is readily visible to the naked eye. The 
short muscular vagina extends posteriorly and communicates with 
the uterus. Apparently the reproductive tubes do not extend pos- 
terior of the anus. The ovaries extend forward almost or quite to 
the region of the esophagus. Eggs not found. - 


. * 
Koa” ale he 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 93 





Hosts —Ammospermophilus leucurus cinnamomeus, Callospermo- 
philus lateralis. 

Location.—Cecum and large intestine. 

Localities—United States (Pagosa Springs and Mack, Colorado). 

Type material_—No. 16582 U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry 
helminthological collection ). 





Fig. 112.—OXYURIS TRIRADIATA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FIG.113.— OXYURISTRIRADIATA. Pos- 
MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. X 340. TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, LATERAL 
VIEW. X 340. 


Fertilization of the egg appears to take place rather late. Al- 
though I have an abundance of male and female material, includ- 
ing some from cases of heavy individual infestation, I find no gravid 
females. It is difficult to see the relation between the short, thick 
spicule and the enormous vulvar labia; perhaps the labia enlarge 
after fertilization. 

This species should be found fairly widely distributed. It occurs 
in hosts of at least two genera and over a fairly wide range. Pagosa 
Springs is near the southern edge of the State of Colorado and 
Mack is near the middle of the western edge. 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


_The resemblance between the bursa in this species and that of the 
type species of the genus, 0. equi, is rather interesting. 

I am indebted for the alcoholic host material from which these 
worms were collected to Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado Springs. 












Fig. 115.—OXYURIS TRIRADIATA. 
FEMALE IN REGION OF VULVA, 





Fic. 114.—OXYURIS TRIRADIATA. POSTE- SHOWING DEVELOPMENT OF 
RIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. an., ANUS. CUTICLE ANTERIOR AND POSTE- 
x 46. RIOR OF VULVA. X 170. 


OXYURIS UNGULA von Linstow, 1906. 


Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): Mouth with three lips. The 
esophagus is club-shaped, the diameter increasing posteriorly, and is 
separated by a constriction from the esophageal bulb. The bulb 
equals one-fifth of the total length of the esophagus. The anterior 
portion of the intestine has a smaller diameter than the esophageal 
bulb. The lateral cervical glands, 260 » long, extend anteriorly along 
the esophagus. There are two cervical alae with a diameter equal to 
one-ninth of the body diameter and terminating posteriorly at a 
point opposite the posterior end of the esophagus. The cuticle is 
transversely striate. 

Male 2.12 mm. long and 180 » thick. Esophagus one-fifth of the 
total body length. The tail is one twenty-second of the total body 
length and is hoof-shaped in lateral view (fig. 116). On each side 
are two projections, of which the anterior is round and directed later- 
ally and the posterior is more spherical and directed posteriorly. 


* 
Pee 5 pe ee ee Se Bi Oh ae he 


ee ee 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 95 





Female 4.5 mm. long and 350 » thick. The tail is 1/5.7 of the 
total body length and is elongate and finely pointed. The esophagus 
is 1/7.5 of the total body length. The nerve ring is 100 » from the 
anterior end of the body. The excretory pore is close behind the 
nerve ring. The vulva separates the anterior portion of the body 
from the posterior portion in the ratios of 2:5 to 2:7. The eggs are of 
the typical Oxyuris shape, flattened on one side, and are 120 p» long 
and 36 pu thick. 

Larvae 420 » long and 79 » thick. The esophagus is 1/6.4 and the 
tail 1/8 of the total body length. 

Host—Sciurus vulgaris. 

Location.—Intestine. 
ss Locality.— Germany (Bredlauken _ b. 
Insterburg). 

Von Linstow (1906) states that the three 
males found by him were not sexually de- 
veloped, the spicule and testis not being 
present. He also states 
that the cuticle is 
transversely striated at 
intervals of 130 to 170 
p. Considering the 
length and_ thickness 
of this worm, it seems 
more likely that 13 to 
17 ». was intended. 

Von Linstow further 
notes that this species 
ean not be confused 
with Oxyuris acutis- 






SS 


uhh ty 
easy See 


~ 





Fic. 116.—OxyvRIS UNGULA. Pos- A f Fig. 117.—OXYURIS PALLARYI. 
SEL EmeryY ov. mar.e See irom “the, same” axccrion exenmury oF 


ENLARGED. AFTER von Lin- host for several rea- FEMALE. ENLARGED. Ar- 
stow, 1906. TER SEURAT, 1915a. 
sons, among others, 


that O. acutissima has no esophageal bulb. I take it that Rudolphi’s 
allusion to a posterior swelling of the esophagus probably covers an 
observation on the esophageal bulb. At any rate, circumstances indi- 
cate that Rudolphi’s species was an Owyuris and as such must have 
had an esophageal bulb. 


OXYURIS PALLARYI Seurat, rorsb. 


Specific diagnosis.—Oxyuris (p. 65): Small forms, usually curved 
in an S-shape or the shape of an interrogation mark. Cuticle trans- 
versely striated at intervals of 10 ». Two lateral alae in the median 
portion of the body. Excretory pore very small, opening at the 
level of the anterior end of the intestine in the female (fig. 117), and 
a little posterior of this in the male (fig. 118) ; the pore is in commu- 


96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





nication with a large vesicle which is very prominent as a result of 
its refractive appearance. The mouth has three lips. The esopha- 
gus, including the bulb, is a fifth of the length of the body in the 
male and a sixth in the female; it is encircled by the nerve ring at 
the union of the 
anterior and mid- 
dle thirds. 

Male 2 mm. 
long with a maxi- 
mum thickness of 
180 p. Body com- 
monly curved in 
an interrogation 
mark. Esopha- 
gus, including the 
esophageal bulb, 
430 p long. Ex- 
cretory pore 50 p 
posterior of the 
esophageal bulb. 
Two straight lat- 
eral alae in the 
region of the in- 
testine and termi- 
nating anterior of 
the cloacal aper- 
ture (fig. 119). 
The cloacal aper- 
ture is in the cen- 
ter of a conical 
eminence. The 
tail is short, 130 
p. long, and termi- 
nates in a dorsal 

Fig. 118.—OXYURIS PALLARYI. MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER SEURAT, point 70 p. long. 

19152. : 

Posterior of the 
cloacal aperture are two straight caudal alae, sustained by a pair 
of large stalked papillae; the caudal glands open just anterior 
of these papillae. There are also a pair of sessile preanal 
papillae and a pair of sessile adanal papillae. The spicule is 84 vu. long 
and slightly curved. The gubernaculum (fig. 120) is 55 » long and 
terminates at its distal extremity in a hook like the barb of a fishhook. 
On the ventral surface of the body there are two large cuticular 
bosses on which the cuticular striae are especially prominent; the 
more anterior of these is in the middle of the body, and the other one 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 97 





is midway between the first and the cloacal aperture; similar bosses 
have been noted in Oxwyuris stroma, which Seurat says is O. obvelata. 

Female 2.9 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 275 ». The 
body is massive and curved in the shape of a letter S. The tail is 
one-sixth of the entire body; it attenuates gradually and terminates 
in asoft point. The esophagus is 400 » long and the esophageal bulb 
85 » long. The intestine is wider than the esophageal bulb. The 
two lateral alae arise posterior of the esophageal bulb, at the level of 
the vulva, and extend to the region of 
the rectum, 170 » anterior of the anus. 
The vulva (fig. 117) opens on the ven- 
tral surface, slightly posterior of the 
esophageal bulb and 100 p posterior of 
the excretory pore; the vulva is promi- 
nent for the reason that the vagina is 
everted, forming a prominent appen- 
dix 60 p long. In a young female, 1.8 
mm. long, and recently fertilized, the 
vagina is not everted, but the vulva is 
covered with a maroon-colored plaque 
which prevents any further attempts at 
fertilization. The ovijector is directed 
posteriorly and includes, first, a tubu- 
lar portion lined with a cuticular mem- 
brane, corresponding to the vestibule 
and sphincter, and 120 p long, char- 
acterized by the thickness of its muscu- 
lar wall; second, the musculo-epithelial 
portion, which has a uniform thickness 
for 150 p, then dilates to form an ovoid 
reservoir, 215 w long, in which the 
spermatozoa accumulate and where 





Fic. 119.—OXYURIS PALLARYI. Pos- 


fertilization takes lace and then TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL 
’ 
diminishes to its original thickness 9 VW: PNiARGED. Armen Srunar, 


and continues posteriorly to the vicin- 

ity of the rectum, where it divides into two branches which ex- 
tend anteriorly and parallel to join the uterus. In the young female 
the uterus is straight and the eggs are arranged in a row; in the 
mature female the uterus occupies all the space about the intestine 
posterior of the vulva with the exception of that about the rectum. 
The ovaries are massive, blackish in color, and are situated side by 
side immediately posterior of the vulva. The eggs are numerous, 
thick shelled, elongated, and flattened on one face; they are 84 by 25 
» in diameter. 


10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——7 


98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Ilost.—Atlantoxverus getulus (Xerus getulus). 

Location.—Cecum. 

Locality— Mogador, Morocco. 

Seurat states that the male of this species has its closest affinities 
with O. stroma, but that the females of the two species are so dif- 
ferent that he wonders if the female described for O. stroma is 
really the female belonging with the male of that species. He also 

states that these two species are related to 
O. hilgerti and O. obvelata. 


OXYURIS POLYOON von Linstow, 1909. 


Fig, 120.—OXYURIS PALLARYI. Specific diagnosis —Oxyuris (p. 65): The 
aren Seon ibe ~=«sCuticle is transversely striated at inter- 
vals of 7 to 8 »; anteriorly it is strongly 

thickened over a distance of 120 p, the body parenchyma being thin- 
ned over the same interval. The rounded head end bears three lips. 
The esophagus is thin and terminates in a spherical bulb provided 
with teeth in the interior; the esophagus and its bulb are separated by 
a slight constriction ; the small posterior half of the esophagus is pig- 
mented brown; the esophagus is two- 
sevenths of the body length in the 
male and five twenty-thirds of the 
length in the female. The nerve ring 
encircles the esophagus about 180 p 
from the anterior end of the body. 
The excretory pore is on the ventral 








surface in the neck region near the =F] 
: : ES Ss ee: t } 
constriction between the esophagus See 







C 


a 


and its bulb. 

Male 326 mm. long and 330 p 
thick; the tail is one seventy-fourth 
of the total length and is bent toward 
the ventral surface in the form of a 
hook, forming a coil of two turns. 
The vesicula seminalis is very large, 
with a length equal to about one- 
fourth of the entire body length. Fig. 121.—OxyYuRIS POLYOON. POSTERIOR 
The testes extend so far anteriorly EXTREMITY OF MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER 
that they divide the body in the ratio “°" UN oy 
of 11:8 anteriorly and posteriorly (meaning of original description 
not clear). The spermatozoa are flat, 16 » long and 10 » thick. The 
spicule (fig. 121) is 230 » long and is forked at its proximal extrem- 
ity. There are four pairs of prominent conical papillae, of which 
one pair is preanal, one adanal, and two pairs postanal. 


TH 








ea 


NO, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 99 


Female 5.28 mm. long and 350 p» thick; the long finely pointed tail 
is two-elevenths of the total length of the body. The vagina opens 
far anterior of the middle of the body and divides the anterior from 
the posterior portion in the ratio of 19:41; it extends posteriorly 
and the ovaries extend to a point near the esophageal bulb. ‘The 
small eggs are 80 by 23 » in diameter and are uncommonly numerous. 

Host.—Geosciurus capensis (Xerus setosus). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality Rehoboth, German Southwest Africa. 

Seurat (19150), in his paper describing Dermatoxys getula, notes 
in comment on that species that it has very close affinities with 
O. polyoon. As a distinguishing feature he notes the cuticular for- 
mations in the form of a comblke structure in ). getula. It seems 
quite likely that closer inspection would show the presence of these 
structures on O. polyoon, as it has other features, among them the 
peculiar distribution of pigment in the esophagus, in common with 
species of Dermatoxys. The present writer is of the opinion that 
more study will probably show that this species should be trans- 
ferred to the genus Dermatoxys. 


Genus DERMATOXYS Schneider, 1866. 


Generic diagnosis—Oxyurinae (p. 65): Males with a curving 
longitudinal row of transverse comblike crests on the ventral surface. 
Cervical alae present. Esophageal bulb with or without teeth. 
Males with very long well-developed caudal bursa. Massive 
deep colored ovaries in the region of the vulva, communicating by 
narrow oviducts with the uteri; the two uteri unite in the vicinity of 
the anus to form the long ovijector which extends anteriorly to the 
vagina. 

Ty pe-species—Dermatoxys veligera (Rudolphi, 1819) Schneider, 
1866, 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF DERMATOXYS. 


1. Esophageal bulb without teeth. Male with 10 to 17 crests on the ventral 
surface; over 10 mm. long. Female over 15 mm. long. 
Dermatoxrys veligera, p. 99. 
Esophageal bulb provided with teeth. Male with over 20 crests on the ven- 
tral surface; less than 5 mm. long. Female less than 10 mm. long. 
Dermatoxys getula, p. 103. 


DERMATOXYS VELIGERA (Rudolphi, 1819) Schneider, 1866. 


Synonym—Ascaris veligera Rudolphi, 1819. 

Specific diagnosis —Dermatoxys (p. 99): White worms, the body 
rather straight and stiff. Cuticle with fine, transverse striations, 
spaced at intervals of about 5 » in the middle portion of the body and 
at wider intervals in the posterior portion. Two cervical alae ex- 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


tending from the head to a point posterior of the esophageal bulb. 
Excretory pore very small and difficultly visible, situated posterior of 
the esophageal bulb. Mouth with three well-developed lips, each 
bearing three papillae. Buccal cavity very shallow, closed anteriorly 
by three teeth inserted on the three lips. The esophagus terminates 
posteriorly in a bulb, the union being 
marked only by the external widening 
and, frequently, by some rugose mark- 
ings; the esophagus proper, exclusive of 
the bulb, is widened anteriorly to form a 
short thick portion and diminished pos- 
teriorly to form a long slender portion, 
the latter showing a variable and very 
noticeable brown pigmentation. The 
esophagus length, including the bulb, is 
one-ninth of the length of the female and 
two-fifteenths of the 
length of the male. 
The nerve ring en- 
circles the esophagus 
proper at the union 
of the anterior and 
middle thirds. 

Male 8 to 11.5 mm. 
long, with a maxi- 
mum thickness of 435 
ws) dehre! bod yieiis 
straight, with a mod- 
erate curve ventrally 
at its posterior ex- 
tremity. The caudal 
bursa (figs. 122 and 
123) is formed of 
two very long alae, Fic. 123—DzRMatoxys 
1.5 mm. long and VELIGERA. POSTERIOR 


EXTREMITY OF MALE, 


Fig. 122.—DERMATOXYS VELIGERA. : s - 
POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE rather wide, with a VENTRAL VIEW. EN- 
. LARGED. AFTER SCHNEI- 


ita view. AFTER SEURAT, yery distinct border Sen see 
marked by several 
fine parallel longitudinal striations; the alae are curved ventrad and 
meet posterior of the conical termination of the body proper. The 
distance from this conical termination to the cloacal aperture is 
about 400 ». About 700 » anterior of the cloacal aperture is a series 
of 10 to 17 cuticular crests, of variable size and slightly irregular 
outline approximating that of a sector of a circle, the crests being 
disposed in a somewhat irregular longitudinal series. Between this 


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' 
‘ 
‘ 
' 
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t 
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‘ 
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' 
' 
. 
‘ 
' 
. 
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' 
’ 
‘ 


soo. 





ee 


> 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 101 


series and the cloacal aperture the ventral surface also bears two 
rows of small shields or bosses. The region about the cloacal aper- 
ture bears several large sessile papillae; there are six preanal papil- 
lae, of which four are in the same transverse line along the 
superior lip of the cloaca; the inferior lip bears three papil- 
lae, of which the median is the larger; immediately posterior 
is a contiguous pair of large papillae, and a little posterior 
of these is a pair of large cuticular shields. The apertures 
of the caudal glands open at the level of the origin of the 
tail. Spicule (fig. 124) very small, 85 »p long; no guber- 





Fia. 124,— 

naculum. DERMA- 
Female 16 to 17 mm. long, with a maximum thickness of | 7°* a 
VELIGE- 


600 p. The posterior extremity (fig. 125) is conical, regu- ga. sore. 
larly attenuated, and may terminate in a point covered by a eed 
small, brown, chitinous, thimble-shaped cap; this appears Aronr 
to be deciduous and is often not present. The tail is ad 
about 3 mm. long, or almost one-sixth of the length of , 
the body. The excretory pore opens on the ventral surface, about 
1.3 mm. posterior of the esophageal bulb. The vulva is about 85 
wu. broad, not prominent, and is situated anterior of the middle of 
the body, about 7 mm. from the anterior extremity. It is commonly 
covered with a brown or reddish- 
brown plug. It opens into a vagina 
lined with a thick cuticle and joining 
a cuticular ovijector (fig. 126) which 
extends anteriorly a distance of 1 
mm.; both the vagina and the ovi- 
jector are provided with a thick mus- 
cular tunic. In its distal region, 
corresponding to a sphincter, there 
is a deeper colored glandular organ, 
which in turn connects with the ante- 
rior musculo-epithelial portion of the 
ovijector, a straight tube 12 mm. long 
which extends to a point just poste- 
rior of the anus; in this posterior por- 
tion it enlarges and contains a number 
of eggs; from this portion the uteri 
= om diverge as straight tubes contain- 
; ing two or three rows of eggs and 
ewer eos YELIGEES. extending parallel to the preced- 
OSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, e s 
ing portion of the ovijector for a 
distance of 9 mm. Their anterior extremities, slightly dilated to 
form in each a receptaculum seminis, communicate with the ovaries 
by narrow S-shaped oviducts; the massive ovaries, of deeper color, 





102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





are situated side by side posterior of the vulva. The eggs (fig. 127), 
110 by 50 » in diameter, have a very thick shell, stippled externally, 
slightly flattened on one side, and showing an interruption at one 
end for the exit of the embryo which is covered by a very distinct 
vitelline membrane. 

Hosts.— Sylvilagus brasili- 
ensis (Lepus brasiliensis), 
Sylvilagus auduboni baileyi, 
Sylvilagus nuttalli  pinetis, 
Lepus kabilicus, Lepus cali- 
fornicus melanotis. 

Location. — Cecum (very 
rarely in small intestine). 

Localities —Brazil; Algeria 
(Winton); United States 
(Amo, Howbert, Monument 
Park, and Natural Corrall, 
Colorado; Murray County, 
Oklahoma). 

J am unable to confirm 
Seurat’s statement that the 
head is larger than the body 
immediately following it in 
this worm or that the cervical 
alae terminate posteriorly at 
the level of the esophageal 
bulb. The wide 


distribution of 









3 
SZ . Ks a 
SSE <i Sf 
Rik Sy nes pr oe 
2a Pee a oe 
5 = Looe - 
Ss a CR 
: ISEeSs 
a, 
aS 
= 


O 


\} 


SOD 
SS 


Dp Ta 
= 
: SaMES. 


S =o this species, 
= ‘AD which was de- 
Eo I KA scribed from 
Ny iN Brazil in 1866 
i i i and not again 
al noted fox 
i almost half a 


Fia@. 126.—DERMATOXYS VELIGERA. 


FEMALE GENI- 


TALIA. AFTER SEURAT, 1915d. 


century, “Ts 


rather surpris- 
ing. 

The record 
from Lepus 





Fic. 127.—DER- 
MATOXYS VE- 
LIGERA. EGG. 
ENLARGED. 
AFTER SEU- 
RAT, 1915b. 


californicus melanotis is based on specimens collected by Mr. Herman 
Douthitt from a “ jack rabbit” in Oklahoma. As the species named 
ranges all over Oklahoma and is the one probably involved, accord- 
ing to Mr. Gerrit Miller, I have assumed this to be the host. 


see eel 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 103 


DERMATOXYS GETULA Seurat, rg1sb. 


Specific diagnosis —Dermatoxys (p. 99): Two long cervical alae 
(fig. 128) arising at the head, where they attain their maximum 
width and gradually diminishing in width to the point near the 


Fig. 128.—DERMATOXYS 
GETULA. MALE. EN- 
LARGED. AFTER SEU- 
RAT, 1915a. 





middle of the body where they terminate. The 
cuticle is transversely striated at intervals of 9 
p. The excretory pore is very small and opens 
in the center of a clear elongated elliptical 
zone near the union of the intestine and the 
esophagus. The mouth (fig. 129) has three 
lips, a dorsal and two latero-ventral, each bear- 
ing two papillae and with a triangular tooth 
on the internal border; the points of these three 
labial teeth are in contact and limit the aper- 
ture of the mouth. The buccal cavity is shal- 
low, 20 yp deep, and bordered laterally by two 
rows of tubercles situated at two levels. The 
esophagus is long and cylindrical and termi- 
nates posteriorly in a spherical bulb provided 
with teeth. The length of the esophagus and 
bulb is a fourth of the length of the body in 
the male and a fifth in the female. The nerve 
ring encircles the esophagus one-seventh of its 
length from the anterior end. 

Male 2.5 to 3.8 mm. long, with a maximum 
thickness of 290 yp. Two very long caudal alae 
(fig. 128), as wide as the body, extend along the 
posterior third of the body, terminating poste- 
rior of the 
cloacal aper- 
ture and leav- 
ing only a 










HD te 






short caudal “S22 
B62 

extremity de- = =s 

void of these eS 






MM) 
tt 





A 


iu 


alae. The 


cloacal aper- Fic. 129.—DERMATOXYS GETULA. ANTE- 

fs I XTREMI‘ S: IEW. EN- 

ture (fig. 128) RIOR EXTREMITY, DORSAL VIEW EN 
LARGED. AFTER SEURAT, 1915a. 





opens 110 4p 


from this caudal extremity in the center of a very prominent conical 
eminence; posterior of this eminence the body is abruptly truncated 
ventrally and terminates in a narrow point 75 yp. long, the orifices of the 
eaudal glands opening at the origin of this point. Anterior of the 
cloacal aperture the ventral surface bears a curving longitudinal row 
of about 25 transverse parallel crests (figs. 128 and 130). There is a 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





pair of very large papillae some distance anterior of the cloacal aper- 
ture; there are two pairs of smaller adanal papillae; the inferior lip 
of the cloacal aperture bears 3 postanal papillae, of which the 
median is unpaired; and there is one pair of very small papillae 
toward the posterior third of the caudal extremity. The incon- 
spicuous spicule is only 65 p long. 

Female 5.5 mm. long, with a maximum thickness, exclusive of the 
alae, of 310 p. The cervical alae extend very little beyond the vulva. 
The tail is conical and has a length equal to 
a fifth of that of the body. The vulva (fig. 
131) is not prominent and is situated a little 
posterior of the anterior third of the body. 
The very long ovijector is remarkably com- 
plex; the vagina is 
very short and 
communicates with 
a long vestibule, 
1.7 mm. long, char- 
acterized by the 
thickness of its 
muscular tunic and 
lined with a thick 
cuticle; this vesti- 
bule turns back on 
itself and extends 
posteriorly ina 
winding course to 
a large ovoid 


Fic. 130.—Drermatoxys getu- Sphincter, 250 yp Fic. 131—DrrMatoxys GE- 
LA. ROW OF CRESTS ON VEN- ees TULA. FEMALE BODY IN 
TRAL SURFACE OF MALE. EN- long and 100 Ys REGION OF VULVA. EN- 
LARGED. AFTER SEURAT, thick, an d eon- LARGED. AFTER SEURAT, 


ee spicuous from its a 

deep, almost black, color; this sphincter has a very narrow lumen and 
eggs do not remain in it any more than in the vestibule; beyond the 
sphincter is the tubular ovijector, a large sac filled with eggs and ex- 
tending posteriorly to the level of the anus, where it divides to form 
the two uteri; these extend anteriorly to the level of the vulva, where 
they are connected with the ovaries by a very short oviduct curved 
in the form of a letter S; the uteri are straight and contain only two 
or three rows of eggs; one uterus descends posterior of the anus for 
a third of the length of the tail and then extends anteriorly; the 
ovaries are blackish and are folded on themselves in the dorsal re- 
gion between the vulva and the esophageal bulb. The eggs have a 
thick shell and are 55 to 60 » long and 25 » thick. 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 105 





Larva—tarvae of both sexes in the fourth stage are frequently 
found among the adult worms. The female farva is 2.3 mm. long and 
has a relatively larger esophagus than the adult, the esophagus being 
two-fifths of the entire body length; the 
vulva is anterior of the middle of the body 
and is covered by the larval cuticle. The 
male larva is 1.6 mm. long and also has a 
relatively larger esophagus, equaling one- 
third of the entire body length; the tail is 
folded at its extremity. Just after the last 
ecdysis the young male is still without the 
prominent bursal alae of the adult (fig. 132). 

Host.—Atlantoxerus getulus (Xerus getu- 





lus). 
Location —Cecum. Fig. 132.—DERMATOXYS GE- 
Locality —Mogador, Morocco. 2 Cote 
: a : Eas ITY OF YOUNG MALE, VEN- 
Seurat states that this species has affinities TRAL VIEW. ENLARGED. 
with Owyuris polyoon von Linstow from Ave aU R AS 


AXerus setosus. 
Family uncertain. 


HETERAKIS VERRUCOSA Molin, 18600. 


Specific diagnosis—Genus? Head not distinctly delimited from 
body. Body strongly attenuate posteriorly and adorned laterally 
with warty prominences arranged in a double series and continu- 
ing to the posterior extremity of the tail. Anterior extremity trun- 
cate, the mouth without lips or papillae and the cuticle loose and 
folded about the mouth. The esophagus ends in a bulb with a tooth 
apparatus. The intestine is composed of large cells, and there are 
three large cells at the rectum. 

Male 7.5 mm. long and 300 » thick. The caudal extremity is 
curved in a hook shape, subulate, and terminates in a sharp tip. 
There are two very slightly curved spicules with 
alate membranes. 

Female 12 mm. long and 500 y thick. The 
caudal extremity is straight and subulate, termi- 
Tig, 133.—Hereranis ven D2ting in a sharp point. The eggs (fig. 133) are 

pucosa. Eces. Maanrtep. flattened on one side and are 100 » long. The 

ANTER VON DRASCHE, 1883. shells are perpendicularly striate. 

Host.—Dasyprocta aguti (Dasyprocta agouti). 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality —Brazil (Caigara). 

Molin states that this worm is meromyarian, and von Drasche 
(1882) has pointed out that on this account it can not be a species of 
Heterakis. The fact that no sucker is mentioned and that the worm 





106 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


is found in the stomach is further evidence to the same effect. Von 
Drasche thinks the worm may be placed near Vematoxys Schneider, 
1866 (which is Cosmocerca Diesing, 1861, renamed). ‘The esophagus, 
musculature, and lateral papillae suggest Oxysoma, Schneider, 1866, 
but as Oxysoma is without standing as a nematode genus, being pre- 
occupied by Oxysoma Gervais, 1849 (arachnoid), and as I have no 
similar material sufficiently close to this species to properly evaluate 
it, I have left the name unchanged and the species unplaced. 


Superfamily STRONGYLOIDEA Weinland, 1858. 


Synonyms.—Strongylidea Carus, 1863, in Travassos, 19140; 
Stringyloidae Travassos, 19140; Strongyloidea Weiland, 1858, of 
Travassos, 19140. 

Superfamily diagnosis—Nematoda (p. 4): Meromyarian or poly- 
myarian. Males with well-developed caudal bursa supported by rays; 
in forms near the outer limit of the superfamily the bursa is occa- 
sionally very small and the rays atypical, or the bursa may be lacking 
altogether, the species in question being only referable to this super- 
family on the ground that transitional but recognizably strongyle 
forms, found at times in the same locations and with the same habits, 
relate them to it. Esophagus without posterior bulb. Mouth naked 
or with a buccal capsule and six papillae, distinct or indistinct. 
Male usually with two spicules and female usually with two ovaries. 
Oviparous or viviparous. 

Type-family.—Strongylidae Cobbold, 1864. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO FAMILIES OF STRONGYLOIDEA. 


1. Polymyarian; usually in respiratory or circulatory tract. 
Metastrongylidae, p. 162. 


Meromyarian ; usually found in the digestive tract______________________ De 
DPeBuecal Capsule npresent x. ee ee ee Strongylidae, p. 107. 
sUceal capsule’ now PLreSsentea+ 2s = ee ee Trichostrongylidae, p. 123. 


The use of the musculature as a basis for the diagnosis of families, 
and especially for use in keys, is perhaps unfortunate, for the reason 
that it is a point not readily applied. At the same time the divi- 
sion of the strongyles along this line, following Railliet and Henry 
(1910), seems to be more fundamental and well considered than the 
division with reference to the presence or absence of a buccal cap- 
sule, following Leiper (1908). The arrangement of Railliet and 
Henry groups the trichostrongyles with the Strongylidae; that of 
Leiper groups them with the Metastrongylidae. While Leiper’s 
arrangement is a better working arrangement, especially in compil- 
ing keys, it is not so fortunate in correlating other distinctive fea- 
tures as is that of Railliet and Henry. For one thing, the presence 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—IALL. 107 


of a rhabditiform embryo in the Strongylidae and its absence in 
the Metastrongylidae, as divided by Railliet and Henry, is a feature 
that points to ancestral differences of importance. The writer has 
followed Travassos (19140) in treating all three groups as of coordi- 
-nate family rank. 


Family STRONGYLIDAE Cobbold, 1564. 


Family diagnosis —Strongyloidea (p. 106): Meromyarian. Buccal 
capsule present. Bursa highly developed, with a typical system 
of supporting rays consisting of one or two dorsal rays and two 
lateral ray systems of six rays each. Male with two spicules and 
female with two ovaries. Vulva at times anterior of the middle 
of the body, but usually posterior of the middle. Oviparous, eggs 
segmenting when laid. Development, so far as known, direct. Em- 
bryo rhabditiform. In digestive, rarely in respiratory, system. 

Type-genus.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780. 


Subfamily STRONGYLINABE Railliet, 1893. 


Subfamily diagnosis.—Strongylidae (p. 107): Meromyarian. Buc- 
cal capsule present. In digestive, occasionally in respiratory, system. 
Development direct, at times complex, involving cutaneous infection, 
nodular development or other embryonic or larval migration. 

Ty pe-genus.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO TRIBES OF STRONGYLINAE. 


PP NOMOCSCRIDtlON se 28 & 2 a ee Tribe uncertain, p. 121. 
PeECOSTMIZ A Ome ONIN Site eae ee ee ee eee 2. 


2. Dorsal and latero-dorsal rays originate separately, the dorsal trunk ending in 
4 digitations ; vulva close to anus and uteri divergent__Ransomeae, p. 115. 
Dorsal and latero-dorsal rays originate in a common trunk, or if separately, 
there are 2 dorsal branches with 3 digitations; vulva close to anus and 


uteri convergent, or vulva remote from anus and uteri divergent______ oe 

3. Dorsal and externe-dorsal rays originate separately ; vulva close to anus and 
MRT OCONVECL 2 Onl Ge a ee a ee Cylicostomeae, p. 114. 
Dorsal and externo-dorsal rays originate in a common trunk; vulva remote 
fromeanus auc wUterl Gliversvent sw ee eee 4, 


4. Dorsal ray tridigitate; vulva in posterior third of body___Strongyleae, p. 107. 
Dorsal ray bifurcate; vulva in middle or anterior portion of body. 
Bunostomeae, p. 112. 


Tribe STRONGYLEAE Railliet and Henry, 1912a. 


Synonym.—Ankylostomeae Raillet and Henry, 19090. 

Tribe diagnosis —Strongylinae (p. 107) : Ventro-ventral and latero- 
ventral rays close together and parallel. Medio-lateral and postero- 
lateral rays not close together and parallel. Dorsal and externo- 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





dorsal rays originate in a common trunk, the dorsal ray ending in 
tridigitate terminations. The vulva in the posterior third of the 
body and the uteri divergent. 

Type-genus.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF STRONGYLEAE, 


1. No corona radiata; buccal capsule opens dorsally_------_-~- Uncinaria, p. 111. 
Corona radiata present; buccal capsule does not open dorsally____-__-_~ 2 

2. Posterior two-thirds of buccal capsule covered with round knobs. 
Trachypharynz, p. 109. 
Buccal capsule without a covering of knobs_______-_______ Strongylus, p. 108. 


Genus STRONGYLUS Mueller, 1780. 


Synonyms.—Strongilus Rudolphi, 1801; Sclerostoma Rudolphi, 
1809; Sclerostomum Dujardin, 1845; Sclorostomum Sonsino, 1878; 
Steongylus Giles, 1892. 

Generic diagnosis —Strongyleae (p. 107) : Anterior extremity trun- 
cated, straight or slightly curved toward the ventral surface. The 
open, circular mouth, transverse or oblique, is followed by a chitinous 
buccal capsule and the edge of the mouth is furnished with one or 
several series of numerous denticles, the corona radiata. The two 
equal spicules are long and slender. The bursa is trilobed. The 
ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays are parallel, close together 
and have a common origin. The externo-lateral, medio-lateral, and 
postero-lateral rays originate in a common trunk and proceed in 


slightly diverging lines; they are of much the same shape, all taper- 
ing somewhat from the base. The dorsal and externo-dorsal rays 


originate in a common trunk, the latter originating near the base of 
the common trunk and occupying a relatively independent position. 
The main stem of the dorsal ray divides to form the two terminal 
dorsal rays, and each of these gives off an external branch and then 
forks again distally to form two terminal branches. One of the three 
branches of the dorsal rays may be missing. Vulva in the posterior 
third of the body. Uteri divergent. 
T ype-species—Strongylus equinus Mueller, 1780. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF STRONGYLUS. 


I, Undescribed'speciess fie. ee eee Tee Strongylus species, p. 109. 
Described species__________________-__--+--:---Strongylus isotrichis, p. 108. 


STRONGYLUS ISOTRICHIS (Molin, 18600) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym.—Sclerostomum isotrichis Molin, 18600. 

Specific diagnosis—Strongylus (p. 108): Head continuous with 
body. Mouth acetabular in shape, the internal margin with vertical 
walls and the large circular aperture with a diaphanous border 


Si i a a 


i ls 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 109 


terminating in a corona radiata. Body subcylindrical, truncated 
anteriorly. 

Male 5 mm. long and 800 » thick. The large copulatory bursa is 
obliquely truncate and prolonged in a conspicuous dorsal margin. 
There are three groups of rays, the ventro-ventral being close to- 
gether and parallel. The lateral groups of four rays include the 
externo-dorsal and the lateral. The dorsal group branches twice on 
each side, the rays therefore having four parts, of which the external 
is the smaller, and the dorsal rays are bifid. Two long filiform 
spicules. 

Female unknown. 

Host.—Thrichomys pachyurus ([sothrix pachyura) (?Echinomys 
antricola: see comment below). 

Location—Uarge intestine. 

Locality— Barro da Rio Negra, Brazil. 

Molin makes this a species inquirenda on account of the lack of 
female worms for description. He gives no figures and his discus- 
‘sion of the dorsal rays, as transcribed above, is not entirely clear, 
but it appears to be very close to the genus Strongylus at least, and 
as the generic name Sclerostomum is a synonym of Strongylus and 
without other standing, I have transferred the species to Strongylus. 

Von Linstow (1878) lists this species from Hehinomys antricola, 
apparently as a modern equivalent for /sothrix pachyura, but it ap- 
pears that Z’. antricola is a synonym of Thrichomys apereoides. 


STRONGYLUS species. 


Synonym.—Selerostema species Morgan, 1868. 

Specific diagnosis.—Strongylus (p. 108): 

Host.—Castor fiber. 

Location.—Ceeum and colon. 

Locality —United States (Michigan?). 

In his work on the American beaver, Morgan (1868) says of the 
worms found in this animal: “Also in the colon, and especially in the 
caecum, sclerostema, male and female, species not known.” There 
seems to be nothing to be gained by speculating on this worm with- 
out further data, and in view of the site of infestation I have re- 
garded this as Strongylus. 


Genus TRACHYPHARYNX Leiper, 1911. 


Generic diagnosis.—Strongyleae (p. 107) : Oral aperture terminal, 
surrounded by a corona radiata. The anterior third of the buccal 
capsule is lined with a thick chitinous investment. The posterior 
two-thirds of the buccal capsule is surrounded by esophageal muscu- 
lature and is lined with a thin layer of cuticle bearing a large num- 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





ber of round cuticular knobs, which project into the buccal cavity 
(fig. 134). Vulva a short distance in front of the anus (7). 
Type-species—Trachy pharynx nigeriae Leiper, 1911. 


TRACHYPHARYNX NIGERIAE Leiper, ro1r. 


Specific diagnosis—Trachypharyna (p. 109): Number of leaves in 
internal and external crown of corona radiata undetermined. Buc- 
cal capsule pear-shaped. 

Male 11 mm. long. 

Female 15 mm. long and 460 p thick. Esophagus 
1.25 mm. long from the base of the anterior third 
of the buccal capsule to the beginning of the in- 
testine. The esophageal musculature enclosing the 
posterior two-thirds of the buccal capsule is 6 yp. 
thick; the musculature in the posterior third of the 
esophagus is 130 w thick. Anus almost at the 
posterior end of the body. Vulva a short distance 
anterior of the anus. 

Host.— A large rodent.” 

Location.—N ot given. 

Locality—Nigeria, Africa. 

Tt seems highly desirable that the generic char- 
acters be indicated in the proposal of a new genus. 
If a person has a reason for proposing a new 
genus, the reason is known to him, and it calls for 





We i teice: little eflort.to'state:it (To leave, at, to; somevene 
ee else to write one’s generic diagnosis is very un- 
RIAE. NTERIOR . : 

a ER NO ei satisfactory. It should be unsatisfactory to the 


LaRGED. AFTER man who names the genus, since it may readily 
LEIPER, 1911. aye eee : 
happen that the man writing the diagnosis 
does not evaluate characteristics in the same way he does. It cer- 
tainly is unsatisfactory to the writer of the diagnosis. It is bad 
enough when the type of the new genus is a common species that 
may be studied readily. It is much worse when the new species 
is an obscure one, poorly described, and not available to workers in 
general. This is not detracting from the importance of designating a 
type-species. Modern workers should write generic diagnoses for 
their new genera and also designate type-species. To omit either of 
these things is productive of trouble and confusion. 

I have assumed that the measurements given for the esophagus by 
Leiper refer to the females. His figures do not bear out his state- 
ments in regard to the thickness of the esophageal musculature. He 
states that the posterior end of the male was embedded in a thick 
brown prostatic secretion and so was not studied; the important 
bursa characteristics are therefore unknown. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. Pd 





Genus UNCINARIA Froelich, 1789. 


Synonyms.—Unciaria Fischer, 1799; Dochmius Dujardin, 1845; 
Unicinaria von Linstow, 1902; Uncinnaria Schmaltz, 1903. 

Generic diagnosis.—Strongyleae (p. 107) : Corona radiata not pres- 
ent. Buccal capsule opens dorsally. Mouth round to oval, aperture 
oblique, limited by a transparent border. The dorsal portion of the 
buccal capsule is shorter than the ventral and is supported by a coni- 
cal structure, the point of which sometimes extends into the cavity. 
At the mouth aperture the ventral wall is prelonged to form two 
chitinous plates with cutting edges. Two ventral teeth at the base 
of the buccal capsule. Genital tubes short and thick, forming a small 
number of folds in a longitudinal direction. 

Type-species —Uncinaria criniformis (Goeze, 1782) Looss, 1902. 


UNCINARIA MURIDIS Parona, 1907. 


Specific diagnosis—Uncinaria (p. 111): Body dirty white, tend- 
ing to brown in the female; anterior portion a little thinner than the 
posterior. Head bent in an are very strongly toward the dorsal 
surface (fig. 185). Buccal capsule with strong marginal laminae 
which bend symmetrically toward the median line anteriorly in cor- 
respondence with a tooth for each one. The esophagus enlarges 
posteriorly in a claviform swelling. The intestine is large and 
straight throughout its course, except for the short rectum. 

Male 5 mm. long and thinner than the female. Genital bursa 
bilobed, the intermediate lobule not evident. Rays simple, slightly 
differentiated, the dorsal bifurcate. The equal spicules (fig. 136) 
are long and thin, longer than the bursa. 

Female 7 to 8mm. long. Tail short, conical, and mucronate. Anus 
a transverse slit (fig. 187). The coils of the oviduct extend very far 
forward, almost to the posterior end of the esophagus, and turn 
back in serrate loops. The vulva is a little in front of the middle of 
the body. Vulva lips not prominent. Eggs in the vagina region 
are oval, transparent, and not very numerous. Some are segmenting, 
others show a larva doubled back on itself in the shell. 

Hosts —Otomys irroratus, Otomys irroratus tropicalis. 

Location.—Intestine. 

Localities —Kaziba and Fort Portal, Africa. 

The species is left in the genus Uncinaria, not with any conviction 
that it belongs there, but because Parona calls it Uneinaria and there 
is not sufficient evidence to show where it belongs. The position of 
the vulva would indicate that the worm belonged in the Bunostomeae, 
as would the fact that the dorsal ray is bifurcate. But the figure, 
which shows that the worm has an esophageal bulb, would indicate 


112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


that it does not even belong in the Strongyloidea. Further study 
and description of the material seems to be necessary. It would have 
added to the value of Parona’s (1909) paper if he had labeled his 
figures; drawings are not always self-evident. 


Txt 






Oe ers 


at PZagec eRRE: 
ainiary 





135, 136. 137. 


Figs. 135-137.—UNCINARIA MURIDIS. 135, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY. ENLARGED. AFTER PARONA, 1909. 


136, SPICULE. ENLARGED. AFTER PARONA, 1909. 137, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, VENTRAL 
VIEW. ENLARGED. AFTER PARONA, 1909. 


Tribe BUNOSTOMEAE Railliet and Henry, 1909b. 


Synonym.—Bunostominae Looss, 1911. 

Tribe diagnosis—Strongylinae (p. 107) : Ventro-ventral and ieee 
ventral rays close together and parallel. Medio-lateral and postero- 
lateral rays not close together and not parallel. Dorsal and externo- 
dorsal rays originate in a common trunk, the dorsal ray ending in 
a bifurcation. The vulva is in the middle of the body or a little 
anterior of this, and the uteri are divergent. 

Type-genus.—Bunostomum Railliet, 1902. 


Genus ACHEILOSTOMA Leiper, 1911. 


Generic diagnosis—Bunostomeae (p. 112): Buccal capsule opens 
slightly dorsally, the aperture unarmed (fig. 188). At the base of the 
buccal capsule a large ventral tooth and two fan-shaped dorsal teeth 
(fig. 139). No corona radiata. Dorsal lobe of bursa very distinct 
and shorter than the lateral lobes. Genital cone prominently de- 
veloped. The main trunk of the dorsal ray branches to form the 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. i i Hes 





two terminal dorsal rays, each of which terminates in a bifurcation 
(fig. 140). The externo-dorsal rays originate about halfway between 
the base of the common trunk and the branching of 
the main dorsal trunk to form the terminal dorsal 
rays. The medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays ex- 
tend almost side by side to the edge of the bursa 
(fig. 141). The externo-lateral ray terminates about 
one-third of the distance from the medio-lateral ray 
to the ventral rays. Vulva in the middle of the body. 

Type-species.—Acheilostoma simpsoni Leiper, 1911. 











Ga , 
NSS 


am 


im 


tht 





ACHEILOSTOMA SIMPSONI Leiper, ro11. 


Specific diagnosis.—A cheilostoma (p. 112) : Cuticle 
with deep transverse striations in the anterior end of 
the body. Two large, stout, thorn-shaped cervical 
papillae curving backward (fig. 138). ° 

Male 17 mm. long. (See figs. 140 and 141.) 

Female 23 mm. long. Cervical papillae 800 p from 
the anterior end. Collar of oral aperture 4 yp. thick. 


Esophagus 950 w long. Eggs in utero are 55 by 32 yp — Fie-138.—AcneEr- 
LOSTOMA SIMP- 





in diameter “and usually contain a few segments.” sone. Wee 
Host—‘A large rodent.” orga aee 
. ET Ys. N- 

is 66 : ” 
Location.—* Alimentary canal. jincuee wae 
Locality —Nigeria, Africa. rh Tere 


In the absence of any definite statement I have re- 
ferred Leiper’s measurements to the female. His statement that the 
externo-lateral ray “has a thickness almost equal to the two central 





Fig. 139.—ACHEILOSTOMA SIMPSONI. BASE OF BUCCAL CAPSULE. ENLARGED. 
AFTER LEIPER, 1911. 


rays combined ” leaves considerable doubt as to what is meant by the 
two central rays. If it refers to the medio-lateral and postero-latera] 
10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——8 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





rays, it is not substantiated by his figures. It might refer to the dor- 
sal ray, though this would be the unusual and unlikely comparison. 


Tribe CYLICOSTOMEAE Railliet 
and Henry, 1912a. 


Synonym.—Cylichnosto- 
midae Looss, 1902; Cylico- 
stominae Railliet, 1915. 
Tribe diagnosis. — Strongy- 
linae (p. 107): Ventro-ventral 
and latero-ventral rays close 
together and parallel. Medio- \ 
lateral and __ postero-lateral 
rays not close together and 
parallel. Dorsal and externo- 
dorsal rays originate sepa- 







4 







i 
My 


uu | 


iff 
MH 
1] 


—— 





SS Ws 







| 





meas 
—— 





Sas 





Fic. 140.—ACHEILOSTOMA SIMPSONI. DORSAL VIEW FIG. 141.—ACHEILOSTOMA SIMPSONI. LATERAL VIEW 
OF BURSA. ENLARGED. AFTER LEIPER, 1911. OF BURSA. ENLARGED. AFTER LEIPER, 1911. 
rately. The vulva is close to the anus and the uteri are conver- 
gent. 
Ty pe-genus.—C ylicostomum Railliet, 1901. 
Genus EUCYATHOSTOMUM Molin, 1861a. 
Synonym—E ncyathostomum Molin, 1861a. 
Generic diagnosis.—Cylicostomeae (p. 114): Buccal capsule large, 
with a wide anterior aperture furnished internally with a crown of 
numerous, slender, acutely pointed processes, the corona radiata. 








é 
; 
: 
a 
‘ 
f 
+ 


NO. 21381. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 115 


Bursa with dorsal lobe projecting posteriorly beyond the lateral 
lobes. Ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays close together and 
parallel and originating in a common trunk with the lateral rays, 
the latter mutually divergent. The externo-dorsal ray is widely 
separated from the lateral rays and originates from the dorsal trunk 
or from one of the paired dorsal rays near its origin. The two long 
dorsal rays give off two branches externally. In some species the 
dorsal rays may present the appearance of being fused in the median 
line to form a single dorsal ray with a bifurcate tip. The equal 
spicules are long and slender. The vulva is a short distance in front 
of the anus. 
Type-species.—Eucyathostomum. longesubulatum Molin, 1861a. 


EUCYATHOSTOMUM COPULATUM Molin, 1861a. 


Synonyms.—Encyathostomum copulatum Molin, 1861a,; Strongy- 
lus cohaerens Schneider, 1866; Sclerostomum copulatum (Molin, 
1861a@) Stossich, 1899. 

Specific diagnosis.—E ucyathostomum (p. 114) : Head truncate, con- 
tinuous with body, and provided with four large spinelike papillae 
and two small ones. Mouth caliciform and provided internally 
with a corona radiata. Body abruptly attenuated at both ends. 
Cuticle densely striated transversely. Male and female always 
found attached in permanent copulation at right angles. 

Male 3.5 to 5 mm. long and 200 » thick. Two very long filiform 
spicules. 

Female 5 to 9 mm. long and 500 » thick. Caudal extremity subu- 
late. Anus prominent and remote from the posterior end of the 
body. Vulva just anterior of anus. 

Host—Dasyprocta aguti. 

Location —Cecum. 

Localities —Caicgara and Ypanema, Brazil. 

Schneider and Molin have both studied this species and neither 
has described the bursa, Schneider stating that the union of the male 
and female was so firm that he could not separate them for study. 
The two workers have put the species in different genera, but I have 
followed the author of the genus Hucyathostomum in placing it in 
that genus. It may not belong there. Molin noted that the male 
was attached to the mucosa and the female hung free in the intes- 
tinal lumen. 

RANSOMEAE Hall, 1916, new tribe. 


Tribe diagnosis —Strongylinae (p. 107) : Ventro-ventral and latero- 
ventral rays close together and parallel. Medio-lateral and postero- 
lateral rays divergent. Dorsal and externo-dorsal rays originate sep- 
arately. Vulva close to anus and uteri divergent. 

Type-genus.—Ransomus Hall, 1916, 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 
RANSOMUS Hall, 1916, new genus. 


Generic diagnosis—Ransomeae (p. 115): Anterior end of head ob- 
liquely truncate, so that the mouth faces antero-ventrally. Buccal 
capsule large, without teeth in its interior. Border of mouth armed 
with a crown of numerous small, triangular, pointed processes, the 
corona radiata (fig. 142). The median or dorsal lobe of bursa very 
little longer than the lateral lobes. Ventro-ventral and latero-ventral 
rays close together and parallel. Medio-lateral and postero-lateral 
rays divergent. Dorsal ray and the 
externo-dorsal rays originate sepa- 
rately. The dorsal trunk sends out 
two lateral branches and then divides 
to form a_ bifurcate termination. 
Spicules long, tubular, slender, and 
alate. Gubernaculum present. Vulva 
a short distance in front of the anus. 
The vagina is of only moderate length. 
The uteri are divergent, the muscular 

Fig. 142.—RaNsoMus RopvENtorum. ovijectors extending anteriorly and 

Bg pr peek, posteriorly from their union with the 

vagina. Back of the muscular ovijector the posterior uterus turns 
forward. Eggs apparently not yet segmenting when oviposited. 

Type-species—Ransomus rodentorum Hall, 1916. 

This genus is named after Dr. B. H. Ransom, Chief of the Zoologi- 
cal Division of the United States Bureau of Animal Industry, in 
recognition of his work in parasitology. 





RANSOMUS RODENTORUM Hall, 1916, new species. 


Synonym.—C habertia species of Hall, 1912. 

Specific diagnosis —Ransomus (p. 116): The worms are relatively 
short and thick. No cervical papillae observed. The esophagus is 
club-shaped, thick, and prominent. The rectum is distinctly defined 
but presents no features of interest. Cervical papillae not observed. 
The cuticle is finely striate longitudinally. 

Male 4.64 to 8.19 mm. long and 290 to 300 p» thick at a point near 
the thickest part of the esophagus, where the body attains its maxi- 
mum diameter (fig. 143). Diameter of the head in the plane of the 
buccal aperture is about 170 to 205 p. Length of esophagus 685 to 
750 p, attaining a maximum thickness near the posterior end of 205 
to 250 ». The nerve ring is located at the union of the anterior and 
middle third of the esophagus and is 400 to 465 » from the anterior 
end of the body. Excretory pore not observed. The bursa is rela- 
tively short and wide (fig. 144). The tips of the externo-lateral and 


oe eee ee ee eee eee ba 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. bey 








externo-dorsal rays fall distinctly short of the margin of the bursa, 
the tips of the other rays reaching nearly or quite to the margin (fig. 
145). The ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays are close together 
and parallel. The tip of the externo-lateral ray is about equidistant 
from the tips of the latero-ventral and the externo-dorsal. The medio- 
lateral and postero-lateral originate in a common stem and diverge 
slightly from the point of bifurcation. The externo-dorsal rays orig- 
inate at the reot of the dorsal ray and are the thinnest of the rays, the 
other rays being of rather 

uniform size. The dorsal a. 
ray divides into four ? goa 
branches almost at one ZO 
level, the two outermost Og 
branches passing out from fs Die ie 

the main trunk and the ae, 

trunk dividing immedi- any 

ately after to form the oe 
two terminal digitations. pad vy: 
The four branches are of “lg | 7 
almost the same thickness, 4 ES = 
the outer branches being 2 SS 
a little the longer. Pre- ae 
bursal papillae not seen. |: .° ) Ww 
The tubular alate spicules eo QF 
(fig. 146) are 830 to 955 p o> Pog 
long. At the anterior end — ae 
they attain a maximum 
diameter of 82 yp; pos- 
terior to this point they 
are from 10 to 16 » thick. 
The alae (fig. 147) attain 
a maximum width of 21 y. The gubernaculum is 43 to 53 p long and 
is deeply bifurcated. The cloacal aperture is near the end of the 
genital cone. 

Female 8 to 9.2 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 345 to 
365 pw, the maximum thickness being attained just back of the head 
and anterior of the vulva. From the thick portion just anterior of 
the vulva the body diminishes in diameter posteriorly. A short dis- 
tance back of the vulva the worm bends dorsally (fig. 148). Back 
of the anus the decrease in diameter is accented, this portion form- 
ing a cone. Near the tip of the cone there is a break where the sides 
of the cone tend for a short distance to approach the parallel and 
then the body terminates in a conical tip. The esophagus is club- 
shaped, slightly thinned in the vicinity of the nerve ring and increas- 
ing considerably in diameter posteriorly. It is 945 » to 1 mm. long 







Fic. 143.—RANSOMUS RODENTORUM. MALE. ENLARGED. 


118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 





-and attains a maximum thickness of 205 to 275 p. The nerve ring 
is 430 to 490 » from the anterior end of the body. The anus is 300 
to 350 » from the end of the tail. The vulva is a transversely 
elongated slit with prominent lips and is 645 to 860 » from the end 
of the tail. The vagina is 380 to 390 p» long and is directed anteriorly 
from the vulva, the anterior end bending in a somewhat lateral 
direction to join the ovijectors. The combined lengths of the muscular 
portions of the ovijector are 
about 675 to 700 pw. One is 
directed anteriorly from the 
common central portion, the 
other is directed posteriorly, 42: 





Fig. 144.—RANSOMUS RODENTORUM. Fic. 145.—RANSOMUS RODENTORUM. BURSA, LAT 
BURSA, DORSAL VIEW. d., DORSAL RAY; ERAL VIEW. d., DORSAL RAY; e. d., EXTERNO- 
e.d., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAY; 1., POSTERO- DORSAL RAY; é. 1., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; l. v., 
LATERAL AND MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS;l. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; ™m. l., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; 
LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; v. v., VENTRO- p. l., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; UV. V., VENTRO-VENT- 
VENTRAL RAY. ENLARGED. RAL RAY. ENLARGED. 


but proceeds only a short distance before turning anteriorly. The 
eggs are ellipsoidal and are 100 to 105 by 55 to 60 » in diameter. 
Eggs not yet segmenting when oviposited. 

~ Host-—Thomomys fossor. 

Location.—Cecum ; occasionally in small intestine. 

Localities —Ruxton Creek (El Paso County, Colorado) ; Middle 
Brush Creek (Gunnison County, Colorado); and Crested Buttes, 
Colorado. 

Type material—No. 16181, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal In- 
dustry helminthological collection), 


Ee eee ee eee ee eee 


in te 


a se  @ 


No. 21381. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 119 


The writer is indebted to Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado Springs, 
for the opportunity to collect this material from alcoholic host 
material collected by Mr. Warren in 1909 and 1910. The species 
was tentatively reported by the writer in 1912 as Chabertia species, 
but a subsequent study of the 
material shows that such 
structures as the externo- 
dorsal ray, which originates 
independently, and the dor- 
sal ray, which terminates in 
four substantially equal digi- 
tations, will not permit of 
placing this form in that 
genus. 

In passing it may be said 
that while the writer has fol- 
lowed Railliet and Henry in 
forming tribes on the basis of 
ray formation and the loca- 
tion and arrangement of the 
vulva and uteri, the system is 
not altogether successful in 
bringing together groups dis- 
tinctly similar in other re- 
spects. An arrangement 
which brings together 
Strongylus, with a corona 1 beg 
radiata, and Ancylostoma PENTORUM. 

Fic. 146.—Ransomus ropentorum. and U. nNCiNAria, without a ee 

SOON. Tita eowNG corona radiata and with the yor 

rather distinctive hookworm , 

head, as members of the Strongyleae, at the same time placing 
Cylicostomum, with a corona radiata, in the Cylicostomeae, and 
Necator, with its hookworm mouth, in the Bunostomeae, is not en- 
tirely satisfactory. At the same time, Leiper’s (1908) division, based 
on the buccal capsule, and putting hookworms in the Anchylos- 
tominae, forms with a corona radiata in the Strongylinae, and such 
forms as Walicephalus in another unnamed group, is likewise unsatis- 
factory. The fact that the present grouping is not very satisfactory 
is one reason for not following other writers who give these groups 
higher than tribal rank. 








120 





PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





Bia, 148.—RANSOMUS RODENTORUM. FEMALE, ENLARGED. 


VoL. 50. 


eee 


tea aiiatilaa eia 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 121 





Tribe uncertain. 
ANALYTICAL KEY TO UNPLACED SPECIES OF STRONGYLINAE. 


1. Found in inguinal glands; undescribed___---------~- Stronglyus lemmi, p. 122. 
Found in large intestine; described species. 
Strongylus (Deletrocephalus) brachylaimus, p. 121. 


STRONGYLUS (DELETROCEPHALUS) BRACHYLAIMUS von Linstow, rgor. 





Specific diagnosis —Deletrocephalus (%): Cuticle transversely 
striate at intervals of 21 yp. At the head end is a prominence, smaller 
in front and broader behind, with a rounded posterior margin. 
This surrounds a buccal capsule, in the wall of which ‘are about 












UE 










Ln 
| 
WT 


i 


KE 


— 








—_ 4 





i 


AHL Ul 












Fic. 149.—STRONGYLUS (DELETROCEPHA- 


LUS) BRACHYLAIMUS. ANTERIOR EX- Fie. 150.—STRONGYLUS (DELETROCEPHALUS) BRACH= 
TREMITY. ENLARGED. AFTER VON YLAIMUS. BURSA. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LIN- 
Linstow, 1901. stow, 1901. 


50 rods, the ends, some of which are cleft, projecting free anteriorly 
(fig. 149). At the posterior margin of the head prominence and in 
the four submedian lines are four large papillae, while outside of the 
buccal capsule four fine clublike papillae project anteriorly. The 
esophagus is very short. 

Male 13 mm. long and 630 p» thick. The esophagus is one-twenty- 
seventh of the total length. The bursa (fig. 150) has two large 
lateral lobes and one small median lobe. Of the six rays in the 
lateral lobes, the ventro-ventral and latero-ventral are close together 
and the medio-lateral and postero-lateral are close together. The last 
two are broad. The medio-lateral and the externo-lateral originate 
in a common trunk, the externo-lateral branching off and diverging 
from the medio-lateral, which continues in general the line of the 
main trunk. The externo-dorsal and the dorsal apparently originate 
separately. The dorsal trunk divides to form two thick branches, 
which almost immediately divide to form a short external branch 
and a longer terminal branch. The very long spicules are 2.96 mm. 
long. The gubernaculum is 100 p long. 

Female 20 mm. long and 880 p. thick. The esophagus is one-thirty- 
second of the total length. The conical pointed tail is one-ninety- 


2: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


sixth of the total length. The vagina opens just anterior of the anus. 
The ratio of the body length anterior of the vulva to that posterior 
of the vulva is 500:11. Anterior of the anus is a semicircular swell- 
ing, from which muscles proceed obliquely posteriorly to the dorsal 
line. The vagina ends in another hemispherical swelling, in front of 
which the cuticle is swollen for 890 p. The eggs are (?) 14 by 7p 
in diameter. 

Host.—Procavia brucei (Heterohyrax mossambica). 

Location.—Large intestine. 

Locality —Rukwa Lake, German East Africa. 

The dimensions given for the eggs, “0.014 mm. . . . 0.007 mm.,” 
seem very small for a worm this size, and it is possible that these 
figures should be 140 by 70 p. 

Railliet and Henry (1912a) have left the genus Deletrocephalus 
Diesing, 1851a, unplaced in the formation of tribes of Strongylinae. 
An examination of the available figures and descriptions of the type- 
species, D. dimidiatus Diesing, 1851, indicates that we have in it a 
member of the Strongylinae in which the vulva is near the anus and 
the uteri are convergent, as in the Cylicostomeae, but the ray struc- 
tures are uncertain or contradictory. According to some figures, the 
externo-dorsal and dorsal rays have separate origins, and according 
to others they originate in a common trunk. According to von 
Linstow’s figure, the dorsal and externo-dorsal rays of Stroagylus 
(Deletrocephalus) brachylaimus apparently have separate origins, 
but it would be unsafe to say positively that this was the case. Noth- 
ing is said as to the convergence or divergence of the uteri. It is not 
certain that von Linstow’s species and Deletrocephalus dimidiatus 
are congeneric, and this is additional reason for leaving Deletro- 
cephalus unplaced in this paper. 


STRONGYLUS LEMMI von Siebold, 1837. 


Synonym.—Nematoideum muris-amphibii Rudolphi of Diesing, 
1851. 

Specific diagnosis.—N one. 

Host.—Mus musculus or Arvicola amphibius (Mus amphibius, 
Lemmvus amphibius). 

Location—Inguinal glands. 

Locality.—N ot given. 

This species is based on a record of Redi (1708). Rudolphi (1810) 
records it under the heading “ Vermes generis dubii” and with the 
notation “ Muris musculi vel amphibii,” and says that he is unable to 
determine from which species of mouse Redi collected it. Rudolphi 
(1819) later lists it under the same notation, closing his paragraph 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 123 








with the word Vematoideum. He does not use the form Nematoi- 
deum muris-amphibi, credited to him by Diesing. 

The species found by Redi may have been larval strongyles or they 
may have belonged in some other superfamily. It is hardly worth 
while speculating on the subject. 


Family TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE Railliet, 1915. 


Synonym.—Tricostrongylidae Leiper, 1908, of Travassos, 19140. 

Family diagnosis. —Strongyloidea (p.106): Meromyarian. Simple 
‘mouth without a buccal capsule. Parasitic only in the digestive sys- 
tem. Development direct and simple, involving in all cases known 
only the possibility of infection by ingestion. 

Type-genus.—T' richostrongylus Looss, 1905. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE, 


1. Body not spirally curled. Females with 2 ovaries__Trichostrongylinae, p. 123. 
Body frequently spirally curled. Females with 1 ovary. 
Heligmosominae, p. 148. 


Subfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLINAHE Leiper, 1908. 


Subfamily diagnosis.—Trichostrongylidae (p. 123): Body straight 
or curved, but not regularly coiled in a spiral. Females with two 
ovaries. 

Type-genus.—T richostrongylus Looss, 1905. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF TRICHOSTRONGYLINAE, 


feeinsiimerentiy described. 2 = Genus uncertain, p. 144. 
IECOOM ZA O= fener a) a ee wees te I Oe ee eee 
2. Bursa with 2 distinct dorsal rays, each supporting a small dorsal lobe; 
ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays close together and parallel; medio- 
lateral and postero-lateral close together and parallel_Nematodirus, p. 181. 
Bursa with 1 dorsal ray, commonly branched; ventro-ventral and latero- 
ventral rays, and medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays not close together 
STAC O LAT) cule all Caen ee het IO) eo tt 2 ek of See 3. 

8. Spicules short, spatulate, and appearing as though twisted. 
Trichostrongylus, p. 124. 
Spicules lone and filiform, Straight or curved_—..- 2-99 4, 
4. Spicules cleft along almost entire length; ventro-ventral, latero-ventral, and 
postero-lateral rays originate in a common trunk______ Citellinema, p. 141. 
Spicules simple or only cleft at tips; ventro-ventral, latero-ventral, and 
postero-lateral rays do not originate in a common trunk ________ 5. 
5. Mouth surrounded by a chitinous ring; cuticle with numerous prominent 
longitudinal ridwes; bursa faintly incised dorsally; postero-lateral and 
medio-lateral rays do not originate in a common trunk_Graphidium, p. 189. 
Mouth not surrounded by a chitinous ring; cuticle without prominent longi- 
tudinal ridges; bursa deeply incised dorsally ; postero-lateral and medio- 
lateral rays originate in a common trunk______________ Warrenius, p. 142. 


124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS Looss, 1905. 


Synonyms.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780, of authors; 7’ricostrongylus 
Travassos, 19140. 

Generic diagnosis—Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Small and 
slender. Commonly reddish in color when first collected. Body 
gradually attenuated forward from the genital aperture. Head small, 
usually about 10 » in diameter, with three small lips and with nodular 
or punctiform papillae. Cuticle with annular striations. Cervical 
papillae lacking. Buccal cavity not well differentiated. Esophagus 


long, with simple well-developed dorsal gland. Nerve ring and ex- ° 


cretory pore about 150 » from the anterior end. Body of the cervical 
glands behind the esophagus, one gland behind the other. Bursa 
with large lateral lobes, without well-developed median lobe. Six 
supporting rays in each lateral lobe. Ventral rays widely separated, 
of very different thickness; the ventro-ventral is thin and directed 
ventrally; the latero-ventral is thick and in close relation with the 
lateral rays. Postero-lateral ray thinner than the other lateral rays, 
and located close to the externo-dorsal ray. Dorsal ray short, cleft 
at the end. Spicules short, spoon-shaped or spatula-shaped, and 
presenting the appearance of being twisted, this appearance result- 
ing from the arrangement of ridges on the spicules. The proximal 
end of the spicule is thickened with a knoblike or disklike process 
toward one side. Toward the posterior end of the spicule a more or 
less prominent angular projection is usually present, giving the point 
of the spicule a hooked or barbed appearance. Gubernaculum or ac- 
cessory piece present, elongated and boat-shaped or shoe-shaped in 
profile. Prebursal papillae small. Testis simple and not coiled. 
Ovaries in older individuals slightly wavy, the anterior one disposed 
in one or several loops. Uteri divergent. Ovijectors well developed. 
Vulva in the posterior half of the body, slit-shaped or crescentic, sur- 
rounded by somewhat protruding chitinous lips. Postanal portion of 
the body of the female relatively short, with a pair of small caudal 
papillae near the tip. Eggs of moderate size, thin shelled and color- 


less, and containing a maximum of 8 to 32 segmentation cells when 


oviposited. Parasitic in the duodenum, more rarely in the stomach, 
of herbivores, rodents, and man. 

Type-species.—T richostrongylus retortaeformis (Zeder, 1800) 
Looss, 1905. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. 


1. Males less than 3 mm. long and female less than 5 mm. long. 
Trichostrongylus fiberius, p. 129. 
Males more than 3 mm. long and females more than 5 mm. long__________ De 
2. Males over 7.5 mm. long; females over 10 mm. long; spicules over 500 y 
long; vulva over 2 mm. from end of the tail; anus more than 150 uw and 
less than 1 mm. from end of tail; esophagus, testis, uterus, ovaries, and 


Og es DlaCkee™ Aastha eee pee Trichostrongylus pigmentatus, p. 128. 





; 


eS ee Eee le. 


i 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 5 





Males less than 7.5 mm. long; females less than 10 mm. long; spicules less 
than 500 w long; vulva less than 2 mm. from the end of the tail; anus less 
than 150 » or else 1 mm. or more from the end of the tail; viscera not 
WLSMAGM CCH Lo Le Ck See a eee ee ee So ee SS RS A 3. 

8. Dorsal ray originates asymmetrically from the base of the right externo- 
dorsal ray; spicules 175 w long or longer; vulva 1 mm. or less from the 
tine ofthe: taille 2 ee ee ee Trichostrongylus calcaratus, p. 126. 

Dorsal ray symmetrical throughout; spicules less than 175 uw long; vulva 

moreithan mm, from the tipor the tars 2. = a he a eee 4. 
4. A small dorsal lobe present in bursa; males over 5 mm. long; spicules less 
than 125 w long; vulva more than 1.5 mm. from the tip of the tail; anus 

1 mm. or more from the tip of the tail. 
Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, p. 125. 

No dorsal lobe present in bursa; spicules more than 125 uu long; vulva less 
than 1.5 mm. from the tip of the tail; anus less than 1 mm. from the 
cipPOL hey baile 2-2 ee ee Trichostrongylus delicatus, p. 130. 


TRICHOSTRONGYLUS RETORTAEFORMIS 
(Zeder, 1800) Looss, 1905. 


Synonym.—sStrongylus retortae- 
formis Zeder, 1800. 

Specific diagnosis —Trichostrongy- 
lus (p.124): Body capillary, very much 
attenuated anteriorly. Head some- 
what inflated at times. 

Male 5.5 to 7 mm. long with a maxi- 
mum body thickness just anterior of the 
spicules of 60 ». The bursa (fig. 151) 
is deeply incised in the middorsal line 
forming two large lateral lobes and a ag. 151 ‘rrtcHostRONGYLUS RETOR- 
very small dorsal lobe. The latero- TAEFORMIS. BURSA. X 150. AFTER 

3 : a RAILLIET, 1895. 

ventral ray is quite thick and the 

lateral rays diminish from the straight thick externo-lateral to the 
thin postero-lateral, the last named being close to the externo-dorsal 
ray. The tip of the externo-dorsal ray is about halfway between 
the tips of the postero-lateral and the dorsal rays. The dorsal ray 
divides close to the bursal margin to form two short branches, each 
of which ends in a double point. The short thick spicules are 100 to 
110 » long and appear twisted as a result of ridges. Viewed from 
the side the posterior edge of the spicules is slender and smooth 
edged. The gubernaculum is boat-shaped and is 63 » long. Spicules 
and gubernaculum are dirty brown in color. 

Female 6 to 7.7 mm. long and 80 to 90 » thick in the region of the 
vulva. The tail gradually narrows from the point where the pos- 
terior uterus bends forward, and is prolonged in a conical point. 
The anus is only slightly salient and is 1 to 1.2 mm. from the tip of 
the tail. The vulva aperture is short and often crescentic and is 1.8 





126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





to 2 mm. from the tip of the tail. The middle section of the ovi- 
jector is very short, almost hemispherical. The eggs are ellipsoidal 
and relatively large, 75 to 80 » long and 40 to 45 p thick. 

Hosts-—Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus), Lepus euro- 
paeus (Lepus timidus). 

Location —Small intestine (duodenum) ; rarely in stomach. 

Locality —Europe. 

This species has been reported as occasionally causing the death 
of the host animal. Railliet (1893) states that it is commonly asso- 
ciated with Graphidium strigoswm in the production of a pernicious 
anemia. 

TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CALCARATUS Ransom, 1911). 


Specific diagnosis—T richostrongylus (p. 124): 

Male 4.7 to 6.6 mm. long. Maximum thickness 100 to 130 p (at 
base of bursa). Lateral lobes of bursa in preserved specimens 
tightly curled inward so that it is 
impossible to spread the bursa out 
flat. Latero-ventral and externo- 
lateral rays closely approximate to 





100m. 
Fic. 152.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CALCARATUS. 
Bursa. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. d.7., DORSAL 1000 


RAY; ¢€. d., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAY; ¢. l., EX- 
TERNO-LATERAL RAY} gub., PORTION OF GUBER- _—- FIG. 153.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CALCARATUS. Por- 


NACULUM; l. sp., PORTION OF LEFT SPICULE; TION OF BURSA SHOWING DORSAL RAY. AFTER 
1. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; m. 1., MEDIO- RANsoM, 1911. d. 7., DORSAL RAY; ¢€. d., EX- 
LATERAL RAY; p. 1., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; TERNO-DORSAL RAY; Pp. l., PORTION OF POSTERO- 
v. UV.) VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. LATERAL RAY. 


one another, about equal in thickness, the former slightly the thicker, 
both much thicker than the other rays (fig. 152). Externo-dorsal 
ray long, curving dorsad in its distal portion; proximally it is thick, 
distally it is very slender. Ventro-ventral ray slender, of about the 
same thickness as the distal portion of the externo-dorsal ray. Pos- 





No. 2131 NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 127 


tero-lateral and medio-lateral rays of about equal thickness, the latter 
slightly the thicker, less than half as thick as the externo-lateral ray, 
closely approximated, except at their tips, where they diverge 
slightly, the postero-lateral ray dorsad and the medio-lateral ven- 
trad. Medio-lateral ray closely approximated to the latero-ventral 
ray. Dorsal ray united at its base with the base of the right externo- 
dorsal ray; bifurcated distally (fig. 153). The dorsal lobe of the 
bursa is not distinct from the lateral lobes, and is deeply emarginate 
between the distal branches of the dorsal ray. Distal branches of 
the dorsal ray are very slender, with simple unbranched tips. Spic- 
ules 175 to 190 pw long, nearly equal 
in length but somewhat different in 
shape, dark brown in color, slightly * 
curved ventrad, with truncate tips 
and without the ventral angular 
projection typical of 7richostrongy- 
lus (fig. 154). Tip of left spicule 
with a large beaklike process or 
spur projecting ventrally, and a 
small spur projecting dorsally. An- 
terior of the ventral beak a small 
hook, and in front of the latter a 
series of two or three small projec- 
tions, the ventral surface of the 
distal portion of the spicules for a 
distance of about 50 p thus having 
a hooked, barbed, and roughened 
appearance. The ventral surface of 
the right spicule is smooth. Tip of 
the right spicule smaller than that 





: Fic. 154.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS CALCARATUS. 
Gigene. lett. with a small flattened. ~ ‘succes ano Guerexacuium, Agree 


caplike enlargement projecting dor- —- Ransom, 1911. gub., GuBERNACULUM; I. 


$p., LEFT SPICULE; Tr. Sp., RIGHT SPICULE. 
sally and ventrally as very small j 


pointed processes, and laterally as a very small ridge. Gubernaculum 
about 100 by 385 » in length and breadth, respectively, similar in 
color to the spicules, with an oval body and a short pointed process 
posteriorly and a longer process anteriorly. 

Female 5.8 to 7 mm. long by 90 to 120 » in diameter at the vulva. 
Anus 65 to 90 » from the tip of the tail (fig. 155). Posterior end of 
the body is commonly rather abruptly though slightly diminished 
in size a short distance in front of the anus, then tapers gradually to 
the tip of the tail; or, beginning some distance in front of the anus, 
may taper gradually to the tip. Tail straight. Vulva 850 » to 1 mm. 
from the tip of the tail, elongated diagonally, 50 to 60 » long, with 
inconspicuous lips (fig. 156). Combined length of muscular portion 





128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





| 


of the ovijectors 450 to 560 p. Eggs 60 to 70 » long by 30 to 36 p 
wide, in 8 to 32 celled stage when deposited. 

Host.—Sylvilagus floridanus mallurus (Lepus sylvaticus). 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality — Bowie, Maryland. 

In comment on his species Ransom (19110) says 
that it is closest to 7. retortaeformis. He also notes 
that it is perhaps questionable whether the species 
should be included in 7'7ichostrongylus in view of 
the rather aberrant characters of the dorsal ray of 
the bursa and of the spicules. The asymmetrical 
origin of the dorsal ray and the 
termination of its branches in 
undivided tips are atypical, as 
is the shape of the distal por- 
tion of the spicules. 


TRICHOSTRONGYLUS PIGMENTATUS 
(von Linstow, 1904) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym.—Strongylus pig- 
mentatus von Linstow, 1904. 
Specific diagnosis. — Tricho- 
strongylus (p. 124) : Mouth with 
three lips, each lip bearing on 
its summit a small papilla. 
Esophagus, testis, uterus, ova- 
ries, and eggs colored black. 
Male 7.7 mm. long and 120 p 
thick. Length of esophagus 
one-fourteenth of the total body 
length. Bursa has two large (00,4. 
1004 ‘lateral lobes and a very narrow fie. 156.—TRicHo- 
Fi. 155.—TRICHOSTRONGY- ynedian lobe (fig. 158 is The STRONGYLUS CAL- 
LUS CALCARATUS. POSTE- CARATUS. FEMALE 
RIOR EXTREMITY OF FE- lateral lobes are supported by IN REGION OF VULVA. 
MALE. AFTER RANSOM, six slender divergent rays. The AFTER RANSOM, 
1911. 1911. 
dorsal lobe is supported by a 
dorsal ray which bifurcates near its distal extremity, each branch 
in turn forming two terminal branches of which the external are 
the shorter. Spicules short, 680 » long, pale brown in color, and 
with the usual discoid or scutelliform expansion of the proximal 
extremity (fig. 158). Posteriorly the spicules terminate in three 
branches, of which the thicker and longer one is rounded, while the 
thinner and shorter ones are pointed. Gubernaculum? 
Female 10.5 mm. long and 140 p» thick. The tail is acuminate and 
is one-sixty-sixth of the total length of the body. The anus is there- 








NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 129 


fore 160 » from the tip of the tail. The length of the esophagus 
is one-eighteenth of the total body length. The vulva is situated 
posteriorly, dividing the body in the ratio of 37:11, and is therefore 
2.4 mm. from the tip of the tail. The eggs are 62 » long and 36 pu 
thick. 

Host.—Lepus nigricollis. 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality —Ranna, Southern Province, Ceylon. 

Von Linstow notes that this species is close to 7'richostrongylus 
retortaeformis, and while nothing is said of a gubernaculum and the 
bursa rays are figured as of the same size throughout, it 
probably belongs in 7'richostrongylus. The spicule size is 
large; perhaps it should be 68 pz. 


TRICHOSTRONGYLUS FIBERIUS Barker and Noyes, ro15. 


Specific diagnosis —Trichostrongylus (p. 124): Body 
threadlike; anterior region greatly attenuated, body grad- 
ually thickening toward the posterier end. 

Male 2.8 mm. 
long with a body 
diameter of 13 pu 
just behind the 





head and of 90 pu Fig. 158.— 
just anterior of cae 
the bursa. Bursa LUS PIG- 
with two wide oe 
lateral lobes and ULE. EN- 
a narrow dorsal ce 
lobe. “ Lateral von LIN- 
yc ee re oe om 


wide, blunt, lat- 
eral rays and one narrow, pointed dorso-lateral and one ventro- 
lateral ray.” Spicules short and heavy (fig. 159). 

Female 4.7 mm. long, with a body diameter of 30 » just behind the 
head and of 135 p» at the level of the vulva. Vulva in the posterior 
ninth of the body, 520 » from the end (fig. 160). Anus 80 u from the 
posterior end of the body. Posterior end slightly curved and 
pointed. Eggs oval, segmented (when oviposited ?), 59 by 36 p in 
diameter; shell thick. 

Host.—Ondatra zibethica (Fiber zibethicus). 

Location.—Duodenum and cecum. 

Locality— United States (Nebraska). 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——9 


130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





The description and figures of the bursal rays of this species, which 
is described in a paper by Barker (1915), are not clear to me. The 
worm is reported from the cecum of the host, a very unusual location 
for worms of this genus, except when dead and being passed out. 





Fig. 159.—TRICHO- 
STRONGYLUS FIBE- 
RIUS. POSTERIOR 
EXTREMITY OF MALE. 
AFTER BARKER, 
1915. 


Fig. 161.—TRICHOSTRONGY- 
LUS DELICATUS. BURSA, 
DORSAL VIEW. d, DoR- 
SAL RAY; é€. d., EXTERNO- 
DORSAL RAY; @é l., EX- 
TERNO-LATERAL RAY; 
gub., GUBERNACULUM; l. 

0.5mm vV., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; 
F m.1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; 

lic. 160.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS FIBERIUS. FE- p. l., POSTERO-LATERAL 
MALE, AFTER BARKER, 1915. RAY. ENLARGED. 





TRICHOSTRONGYLUS DELICATUS Hall, 1916, new species. 





Specific diagnosis.—T richostrongylus (p. 124): Head small, 11 to 
12 »in diameter. Lips indistinct. Cuticle finely striate transversely 
and longitudinally, and not inflated in the head and neck region. 
There is a cervical fold back of the head region. 

Male 4 to 4.55 mm. long with a maximum diameter in the vicinity 
of the spicules of 105 ». - Esophagus simple, 155 » long. Cervical 
fold about 140 w back of the head end. Bursa has two large lateral 
lobes, with curving, finely scalloped border, deeply incised in the 
median line (fig. 161). No dorsal lobe present. The ventro-ventral 
ray is comparatively short. The tip of the latero-ventral curves 
toward the ventro-ventral, though their tips are widely separated 
(figs. 162 and 163). The tip of the medio-lateral is closer to the 
externo-lateral than to the postero-lateral. The tip of the postero- 
lateral curves toward the externo-dorsal. The short dorsal ray is 





. 


ete ial iat ii 


siete ia 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. Po 





37u long. It divides distally to form two terminal forks about 16 p 
long. At the base of these forks are two very short lateral spurs 
externally. The spicules are short, 140 to 155 » long, and apparently 
twisted. The gubernaculum is canoe-shaped and is 70 to 80 p long. 
The spicules and gubernaculum are curved, presenting a convexity 
dorsally. 

Female 6 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 103 » in the 
vicinity of the vulva. Cervical fold 95 to 125 » back of the head end. 
Anus 75 to 100 » from the tip of the acutely pointed tail (fig. 164). 
Vulva 1.22 to 1.245 mm. from the tip of the tail. Combined length 





. Fic. 162.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS DELI- 


CATUS. BURSA, LATERAL VIEW. 4., Fic. 163.—TRICHOSTRONGYLUS DELICATUS, 
DORSAL RAY; €. d,, EXTERNO-DORSAL BURSA, LATERO-VENTRAL VIEW. €¢. l., 
RAY; €. l., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAYS; EXTERNO-LATERAL RAYS; gub., GUBER- 
l. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; ™. L., NACULUM; 1. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAYS; 
MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS; DP. 1., POSTERO- m. 1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS} p.1., POSTERO- 
LATERAL RAYS; Vv. U., VENTRO-VEN- LATERAL RAY; VU. ¥., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAYS. 
TRAL RAY. ENLARGED. ENLARGED. 


of muscular portions of ovijectors between the sphincters, 490 yp. (fig. 
165). Eggs 85 by 50 » in diameter, segmenting at oviposition. 

fHost.—Sciurus aberti mimus. 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality.—Pagosa Springs, Colorado. 

Type material.—No. 16571, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry 
helminthological collection). This species was collected from some 
of Mr. E. R. Warren’s alcoholic host material. 


Genus NEMATODIRUS Ransom, 1907. 


Generic diagnosis —Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Head not over 
50 » in diameter; circumoral papillae inconspicuous. Cuticle of 
head may be inflated and in cervical and head region striated trans- 
versely. Cervical papillae apparently absent. Bursa without un- 
paired dorsal median ray. Dorsal lobe of bursa reduced to two small 


32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





short lobules, each supported by a dorsal ray. Ventro-ventral and 
latero-ventral rays of each lateral lobe of bursa close together, par- 
allel. Six supporting rays in each lateral lobe. Medio-lateral and 
postero-lateral rays close together, parallel. Externo-lateral ray 
distally diverges widely from the other lateral rays. Spicules more 
than 500 p» in length, slender, tubular, filiform united by a membrane 





Fic. 164.—TRICHOSTRONGY- Fic. 165.—TRICHOSTRONGY- 
LUS DELICATUS. POSTE- LUS DELICATUS. BODY OF 
RIOR EXTREMITY OF FE- FEMALE IN REGION OF VUL- 
MALE. X 345. VA. wut., UTERUS. X 102° 


throughout their length, or only in their distal portion. Gubernacu- 
lum absent. Vulva of female behind the middle of the body. Ovi- 
jectors well developed. Eggs large, generally over 150 p long. 

Type-species—Nematodirus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802) Ransom, 
1907. 





ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF NEMATODIRUS. 


1. Spicules about 1 mm. long; female with ovijectors having a combined 
length of about 400 w__________________-___Nematodirus spathiger, p. 133. 

Spicules 3 mm. long or longer; ovijectors having a combined length of 
900) wiorlongers=2232) Den oe ee Nematodirus neotoma, p. 186. 


Ee ee a eee eee 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. hoo 





NEMATODIRUS SPATHIGER (Railliet, 1896) Railliet and Henry, 1909. 
Synonyms.—Strongylus spathiger Railhet, 1896; Strongylus 
filicollis Rudolphi, 1802, of Curtice, 1890; Nematodirus filicollis 
(Rudolphi, 1802) Ransom, 1907, of Ransom, 1911, and others. 
Specific diagnosis —Nematodirus (p.1381): Body slender, tapering 
gradually toward the anterior extremity (fig. 166) ; head between 25 
and 50 pin diameter; cuticle of head and neck may be slightly inflated, 
in latter region coarsely striated transversely, elsewhere without 
transverse striations (fig. 167). Four and probably six inconspicuous 
circumoral papillae. Mouth small, followed directly by the esopha- 
gus; no buccal capsule. Esophagus 400 to 500 » long. Cervical 
papillae not apparent. Lateral membranes absent. 








Fic. 166.—NEMATODIRUS SPATHIGER. MALE AT RIGHT, FEMALE AT LEFT. * VULVA. X 15, AFTER 
Ransom, 1911. 


Male 8 to 15 mm. long by 125 to 175 » in maximum diameter. 
Bursa with two large lateral lobes. Dorsal lobe short, deeply emargi- 
nate, and thus reduced to two small lobules (fig. 168). Ventral rays 
slender, close together, parallel. Externo-lateral ray at first close to 
the medio-lateral ray, distally curves ventrad away from the latter. 
Distally the medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays curve slightly 
dorsad. Medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays close together through- 
out their entire length, the tip of the latter extending slightly beyond 
that of the former. Tip of the postero-lateral ray about equidistant 
from the tip of the externo-dorsal ray and the tip of the externo- 
lateral ray, the latter being about the same distance from the tip of 
the latero-ventral ray. Lateral rays thicker than the other rays. 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Externo-dorsal ray very slender. No median dorsal ray. Each 
dorsal lobule of the bursa is sustained by a ray whose base is united 
with the base of the externo-dorsal ray, somewhat thicker than the 
latter, with somewhat bifid tip. Spicules (figs. 168 and 169) slender, 
equal, about 1 mm. long, united by a membrane in the posterior two- 
thirds, more closely toward the tip, where the membrane forms a 
spatulate enlargement. Prebursal papillae small, inconspicuous. 





1675 * 168. 

Fias. 167, 168.—NEMATODIRUSSPATHIGER. 167, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF BODY. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 
1911. 168, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. d., DORSAL RAY; é€. d., EXTERNO-DORSAL 
RAY; €. l., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; 1. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; m. 1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; 7D. lL., 
POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; Sp., SPICULES; UV. v., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. 


Female 12 to 20 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 200 to 
250 p at the vulva. Thickness suddenly reduced just behind the 
vulva. Tip of tail truncate, bearing a short, slender, acutely pointed 
bristlelike process (fig. 170). Anus 70 to 80 » from the truncated end 
of the body. Vulva a transverse slit located about one-third the 
length of the body from the posterior end. Combined length of the 
muscular portions of the two ovijectors (fig. 171), including the 
sphincters, about 400 p. Eggs oval, 175 to 200 p long by about 100 p. 
wide. Embryos develop into filariform larvae before hatching. 

Hosts —Ctenodaetylus gundi. Commonly a parasite of ruminants. 

Location.—Small intestine. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 135 


ene ee ei en eS 
Localities —United States, Europe, New Zealand, Australia, Tunis. 
This species was reported from a rodent for the first time by 
Seurat (1913), who reports it from the gundi, Ctenodactylus gundi, 
in Tunis, listing it as V. filécollis, A comparison of Seurat’s figures 





Fics. 169-171.—NEMATODIRUS SPATHIGER. 169, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, LATERAL VIEW. LET- 
TERING ASIN FIG. 168. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. 170, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, LAT- 
ERAL VIEW. @n., ANUS; int., INTESTINE; 0v., OVARY. X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. 171, BopY oF 
FEMALE IN REGION OF VULVA, LATERAL VIEW. €¢, EGG; int., INTESTINE; 0vij. 1, TERMINAL PORTION OF 
OVIJECTOR; ovij. 2, SPHINCTER OF OVIJECTOR; 0vij.3, NON-MUSCULAR PORTION OF OVIJECTOR; vul., VULVA. 
X 150. AFTER RANSOM, 1911. 


with those of V. filicollis given by Boulenger (1915) and those of 
N. filicollis given by Ransom (1911), which latter Boulenger and also 
Railliet and Henry (1912c) regard as NV. spathiger, indicates that 
Seurat’s species is V. spathiger, as Seurat suspected it might be. 


136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





NEMATODIRUS NEOTOMA Hall, 1916, new species. 


Synonym.—wNematodirus species Hall, 1912. 

Specific diagnosis.—Nematodirus (p. 131) : Long and slender, nar- 
rowing toward the anterior end. Head diameter, exclusive of the 
inflated cuticle, 25 to 45 »; inclusive of the inflated cuticle, attains a 
maximum of 80 ». The cuticle of the head and neck is 
usually inflated and, as a rule, asymmetrically (fig. 172). 
The inflated area shows a transverse striation. The re- 
mainder of the body is finely striated longitudinally, the 
striae being 10 to 11-» apart, and the striation is continued 
along the rays of the bursa. A yet finer transverse stria- 
tion is visible over the body in favorable specimens, and a 
special transverse striation forms a fine annulation in the 


8 region of the vulva and ovijectors. Four circumoral 
Fia.172.—NE- 





Minopings PePillae visible. The anterior portion of the esophagus 
neotoma. usually has a sinuous course and is narrower than the 
ANTERIOR one Z vie 

EXTREMITY straight posterior portion. 


orremate. Male 8.1 to 10.6 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 

ees 135 p. Esophagus 335 to 500 » long. The dorsal lobe of 
the bursa (fig. 173) has a shallow median notch along its border, the 
two lobules thus formed being supported by the two dorsal rays. 
These rays bifurcate near their tips, the bifurcated part being about 
one-fifth of the total length of the ray. The externo-dorsal rays are 
very long and slender and 
have a rather sinuous course 
in most specimens (fig. 174). 
They are remote from the 
other rays. The postero-lat- 
eral and medio-lateral rays 
are parallel branches formed 
by a split in their common 
stem (fig. 175). Their tips 
curve back toward the ex- 
terno-dorsal ray. From the 
same common stem the ex- 
terno-lateral ray diverges, its 
tip turning toward the ventral 
rays which are parallel and 
close together. Around the 
proximal part of the lateral 
ray and in the area between the externo-lateral and the other lateral 
rays are a number of clear, transparent maculae. The body terminates 
in a cone inside the bursa (fig. 176). The spicules are very long, from 
3 to 3.42 mm. long, and are only clearly separated for a short distance 





Fia. 173.—NEMATODIRUS NEOTOMA. BURSA, DORSAL 
VIEW. X 170. 


a ee eS ee ee 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 137 





along their proximal portion (fig. 177). They are curved at the 
tip. When extruded the spicules bend around in a wide curve, the tips 





174, 175. 


Fias. 174, 175.—_NEMATODIRUS NEOTOMA. 174, BURSA, DORSO-LATERAL VIEW. X 170. 175, BURSA, LAT- 
ERAL VIEW. d, DORSAL RAYS; ed., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAYS; ¢l., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAYS; lv., LATERO- 
VENTRAL RAY; ml., MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS; pl., POSTERO-LATERAL RAYS; spic., SPICULE; ¥., VENTRO-VEN- 
TRALRAY. X 170. 


coming back toward the ventral surface or even to it. No prebursal 
papillae found. 

Female 18.3 to 22.2 mm. long with a maximum thickness at the 
vulva of about 225 p. The tip of the tail is truncated and bears a 





176. Liz 
Fics. 176,167. NEMATODIRUSNEOTOMA. 176, BURSA, VENTRAL VIEW. d., DORSAL RAY; V., THE VENTRAL 
RAY SYSTEMS FORMED BY THE CLOSELY APPROXIMATED LATERO-VENTRAL AND VENTRO-VENTRAL RAYS. 
X 170. 177, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. int., INTESTINE. X 46. 


pointed spinelike process (fig. 178). The anus is about 120 » from 
the posterior end of the body. The vulva (fig. 179) is situated at the 
union of the middle and posterior thirds of the body or slightly in 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


front of this point. The body is commonly bent at 
this point. The combined length of the muscular 
portions of the ovijectors 
(fig. 180) is 900 to 955 p. 
The eggs are 145 to 190 p 
by 80 to 90 » in diameter. 

Ilosts.—N eotoma mexi- 
cana fallax, Neotoma 
desertorum, Neotoma 
floridana baileyi, Neo- 
toma cinerea rupicola. 

Location. — Small in- 
testine; rarely in stom- 
ach. 

Localities—San_ Aca- 
cia, Siebert’s ranch (Mesa 
County), Mack, Cedar. 

Point, and Pawnee 
RUS NEOTOMA. 


=e arent Buttes, Colorado. 
Core Te : Fic. 179.—NEMATODIRUS NEO- 


TREMITY OF FEMALE. douse EWGwA LesesOK: Type material. —No. 


at 16134, U.S.N.M. (Bureau 
spy ee es of Animal Industry hel- 
minthological collection). 
The material from 
which the above species 
is described was col- 
lected from host material 
preserved in alcohol by 
Mr. E: R.; Warren, ‘of 
Colorado Springs. The - 
places of collection are 
located as follows: One 
near the northeast corner 
of Colorado; another 
near the middle eastern 
part of Colorado; an- 
other near the middle of 
the southern boundary; : 
and two near the middle 
of the western boundary. | 
It may be safely pre- | 
Fia. 180.—NEMATODIRUS NEOTOMA. OVIJECTORS. X 91. dicted that this species 
will be found on adequate examination of species of Neotoma any- | 
where in Colorado and probably in Veotoma anywhere. | 





Fic. 178.—NEMATODI- 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 139 





Genus GRAPHIDIUM Railliet and Henry, 1909a. 


Synonym.—sStrongylus Mueller, 1780, of authors. 

Generic diagnosis.—Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Cuticle marked 
with a very prominent and striking longitudinal striation. Mouth 
large, limited by a chitinous ring. <A single dorsal ray, bifurcating 
near its tip and the bifurcation ending in small forkings. All rays 
generally divergent, with no adjacent rays 
close together and parallel. Externo-dorsal 
rays long and prominent. Spicules long 
and narrow, branching distally. Vulva in 
posterior third or fourth of. body, at times 
covered by a cuticular process, the body 
diameter diminishing abruptly posterior of 
the vulva. Parasitic in the digestive tract 
of rodents. 

Type-species.—Graphidium strigosum 
(Dujardin, 1845) Railhet and Henry, 1909a. 


GRAPHIDIUM STRIGOSUM (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet 
and Henry, 19090. 





Synonyms. — Strongylus  retortaeformis 


’ 5 2 sap . J / ase -———____4 
Zeder, 1800, of Bremser, 1824; Strongylus yiomm 
strigosus Dujardin, 1845; Strongylus blasit we. 181-—Grarmmi srerico- 
von Linstow, 1887. SUM. BURSA, DORSAL VIEW. 


5 ' a oe d, DORSAL RAY; ed., EXTERNO- 
Specific diagnosis.—Graphidium (p.189):  porsar nay; él, EXTERNO- 


Isedy blood red and filiform, Two small © 784) 24x; 0. LAmmO0-VEN- 
ie . : ® TRAL RAY; ml., MEDIO-LATERAL 

cervical papillae in the form of posteriorly ay; pi., rosteRo-LATERAL 

directed teeth, located at some distance from —®4¥- 

the anterior end. Cuticle with 40 to 60 conspicuous longitudinal 

wavy striations and a finer transverse striation. 

Male 8 to 16 mm. long, with a maximum thickness near the ‘base 
of the bursa of 130 to 175 » (300 » according to Dujardin; 600 p» 
according to Bremser’s figures as noted by Dujardin). Head diame- 
ter 25 to 35 p. ~=Esophagus 365 to 570 » long, with a maximum thick- 
ness near its posterior extremity of 50 to 60 w. Nerve ring 160 to 
250 » from the anterior extremity. The dorsal ray bifurcates near 
its tip (fig. 181), each bifurcation ending in two small forks, of 
which the external and shorter bears one papilla, and the internal 
and longer bears two papillae. The externo-dorsal ray is very long 
and prominent. ‘The five rays of the lateral and ventral systems are 
very uniformly and symmetrically spaced (fig. 182). The filiform 
spicules are 1.1 to 2.4 mm. long. They present a simple tubular 
construction of almost uniform diameter except at the posterior 
extremity where they fray out, the spinelike fringing being directed 
medially. There is a pair of distinct spinelike prebursal papillae. 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





vou. 50. 


Female 11 to 20 mm. long with a maximum diameter in the region _ 
of the vulva of 190 to 215 pw (500 to 600 p» according to Dujardin; 


650 p» according to Bremser’s figure as noted by 
Dujardin). The body diminishes in diameter quite 
abruptly posterior of the vulva and terminates in a 
conical tail with a slight constriction just anterior 
of the tip. The head diameter is about 35 p. The 
esophagus is 520 to 605 » long with a maximum 
thickness near its posterior extremity of 60 to 80 p. 
The nerve ring is 235 to 260 » from the anterior ex- 
tremity. The straight simple intestine ends in a 
narrow conical rectum 60 to 85 » long. The anus is 
138 to 190 » from the tip of the tail. The vulva is 
very slightly salient and is 1.1 to 1.9 mm. from the 
tip of the tail. 
The vagina is 
short, about 170 
» long and ex- 
tends forward 
to meet the me- 
dian portion of 
the ovijectors. 
The combined 
length of the 
muscular por- 
tions of the 
well - developed 
ovijectors is 
430 to 470 p 
The ovijectors 
and uteri are 
divergent (fig. 
183), the pos- 
terior uterus 
and ovary eXx- 





Fia. 182.—GRAPHIDIUM STRIGOSUM. BURSA, VEN- 
TRAL VIEW. ¢. d., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAY; @. l., 
EXTERNO-LATERAL RAYS; I. v., LATERO-VENTRAL tending Ora 


RAYS; m.l., MEDIO-LATERAL RAYS; p./., POSTERO- 


LATERAL RAY; Uv. UV., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAYS. point neal the 


anus, not turn- 
ing forward as Molin (1861@) shows it. The eggs 
are ellipsoidal, 98 to 106 » long by 50 to 58 p» thick, 
and are in the morula stage when oviposited. 





Fig. 183.—GRAPHI- 
DIUM STRIGOSUM. 
POSTERIOR EX- 
TREMITY OF FE- 
MALE. ovj., OVI- 
JECTOR. 


Hosts.—Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus) , Lepus europaeus 


(Lepus timidus). 
Location. 





Stomach; occasionally in small intestine. 





No. 2131 NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 141 


Locality Europe (France, Germany, Austria). 
The writer has had occasion to examine specimens of this species 
through the courtesy of Professor Railliet, who furnished them to 


the United States Bureau of Animal Industry. As the 
comparison with Dujardin’s measurements suggests, it is 
likely that the writer’s measurements will be under the 
maximum for this species as found in the largest 


specimens. 


CITELLINEMA Hall, 1916, new genus. 





Generic diagnosis.—Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Head 
surrounded by a sort of collar which forms the external 
limit of a depression around the head anteriorly. Two 
spicules, each bifurcating near the proximal wide tubular 





Fie. 184.—Cr- 
TELLINEMA 


end to form two long filiform distal processes. Ventro-  ®#URcatuM. 


ANTERIOR 


ventral, latero-ventral, and externo-lateral rays appar-  gxmemiry 
‘ently originate from a common stem, which in turn unites °F MALE. X 


at its base with the common stem of the medio-lateral 





Fiq@.185.—-CITELLINEMA BIFURCATUM. 
POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, 
LATERO-VENTRAL VIEW. d.1., POS- 
TERO-LATERAL (DORSO-LATERAL) 
RAY; ¢. 1., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; 
l. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; ™m. l., 
MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; U. V., VENTRO- 
VENTRAL RAY. ENLARGED. 


382. 


and postero-lateral rays. Nature of dor- 
sal ray not distinguishable in the one — 
available specimen. 

This genus and other genera and spe- 
cies following are put in the Tricho- 
strongylinae tentatively on the chance 
that they hike most of the Trichostrongy- 
lidae, have a female with two ovaries 
rather than with one as in /eligmoso- 
mum. 

L'ype-species.—Citellinema bifurcatum 
Hall, 1916. 


CITELLINEMA BIFURCATUM Hall, 1916, new 

species, 

Specific diagnosis.— Citellinema (p. 
141) : Cuticle with pronounced longitudi- 
nal striation. Mouth with apparently six 
lips surrounded by a sort of collar (fig. 
184). 

Male 6.8 mm. long and 170 p thick at 
the base of the bursa. Head diameter 26 
» without the collar and 38 » inclusive of 
collar. Esophagus 535 » long by 70 u 
thick. Nerve ring 170 » back of head. 


The longitudinal striation of the body cuticle is continued along the 
bursal rays (fig. 185), while the bursal membrane is transversely 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 





VOL. 50. 


striated. The bursa is apparently not deeply incised dorsally. The 
rays are arranged as given in the generic diagnosis. The medio- 
lateral and externo-lateral rays are the largest. The 


cup-shaped and is 35 » in diameter. 
Female unknown. 
Host.—Citellus elegans. 
Location.—Small intestine. 
Locality.—Waldon, Colorado. 





longer terminal branches (fig. 188). 
Fic. 186.—CITEL- 
LINEMA BIFUR- ; : : 
carum. Srrc- lobes and ending in curved termina- 


vues. X30. tions, the tips of which are farther 
from the bursa margin than are points farther back 
along the rays. The recurved tip turns toward the 
dorsal ray and is closer to this than to the postero- 
lateral. The postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays 
originate in a common stem (fig. 189). The postero- 
lateral turns back toward the externo-dorsal and 
terminates a short distance from the bursa margin. 
The medio-lateral proceeds direct to a point on the 
bursa margin, and the externo-lateral, which origi- 
nates from the common trunk of the postero-lateral 
and medio-lateral, also proceeds practically straight 
to the bursa margin. ‘The latero-ventral and ventro- 


spicules (fig. 186) are 360 p» long and are bifurcated 
70 p from the proximal end. The proximal end is 


Type material—No. 16176, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of 
Animal Industry helminthological collection). 
The single male on which this species is described 


was collected from alcoholic host material collected by 
Messrs. E. R. Warren and H. R. Durand. 


WARRENIUS Hall, 1916, new genus. 


Generic diagnosis—Trichostrongylinae (p. 128): 
Head simple, no lips evident. Cuticle of head in- 
flated. Unilateral cervical wing present (fig. 187). 
The bursa is deeply incised dorsally to form 2 large 
lateral lobes and a small, but distinct dorsal lobe. 
The dorsal, lateral, and ventral ray systems are well 
defined and separated from one another, the rays of 
each system being more closely related to one another 
than to rays of other systems. The dorsal lobe is sup- 
ported by the dorsal ray which sends out a short 
branch to each side almost two-thirds of its length 
from its proximal end and then branches to form two 
The externo- 
dorsal rays are long wavy rays lying in the Jateral 





Fig. 187.—WaAR- 
RENIUS QUAD- 
RIVITTATI. AN- 
TERIOR EX- 
TREMITY. X 
300. 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 143 





ventral rays originate as branches of a thick common stem and 
diverge from their origin to their termination near the bursa margin 
(fig. 190). They are unusually large for ventral rays, being longer 
and thicker than any other rays. The spicules are long and narrow 
(fig. 191). 

Type-species—Warrenius quadrivittati Hall, 1916. 
WARRENIUS QUADRIVITTATI 

Hall, 1916, new species. 

Specifie diagnosis.— W ar- 
renius (p. 142): Cuticle 
transversely striated on the 
unilateral cervical mem- 
brane (fig. 187); every- 
where else longitudinally 
_ striated, the striation being 
continued along the bursal 
rays. The cervical mem- 
brane is recurved poste- 
riorly to form a notch. 

Male 621 mm. long by 
112 » thick just in front of F1G.188—WaRRENIUS QUADRIVITTATI. BURSA, DORSAL VIEW. 


: d., DORSAL RAY; ¢. d., EXTERNO-DORSAL RAY; ¢. 1., EXTERNO- 
ct ‘ , 7 €. Gy Bd t ss > C.b., BD } 
the bu Sa. The head 1S 30 LATERAL RAY; l. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; ™m. 1., MEDIO- 


Me in diameter, exclusive of LATERAL Ray; p. 1., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; v. lobe, VEN- 
the slight cuticular infla- eal OF BURSA; Uv. U., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. EN- 
tion. The cervical mem- 
brane is 60 p» long. The 
esophagus is about 215 yp 
long and 17 » thick near 
its posterior end. The 
nerve ring is 130 » from 
the anterior end of the 
body. The structure of the 
bursal lobes and rays is that 
given in the generic diag- . 
nosis. The dorsal ray is 
-about 60 yw long. The 
spicules are 695 p long and 
very narrow. One of them 
terminates in a long fine 
wavy tip and the other ina 
bifurcation, the two parts 
of the bifurcation running 
nearly parallel, the thicker 


tending to curve shghtly pic. 1s9.—Warrentus QUADRIVITTATI. BURSA, LATERAL 
around the thinner. View. ¢.1., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; l. v., LATERO-VEN- 
TRAL RAY; m. 1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; p. l., POSTERO-LAT- 

Female unknown. ERAL RAY; 0. 0.. VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. ENLARGED. 








144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Host—Eutamias quadrivittatus. 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality.—Crested Butte Mountain, Colorado. 

Type material.—No. 16185, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry 


helminthological collection). 


This species is based on two males, 1 headless, collected from. alco- 


holic host material, for which I am indebted, as for much other mate- 





Fic. 190.—WaARRENIUS QUADRIVITTATI. BURSA, VENTRAL 
VIEW. d. lobe, DORSAL LOBE OF BURSA; ¢. d., EXTERNO- 





DORSAL RAY; ¢. 1., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; 1. v., LATERO- Fic. 191—WARRENIUS 
VENTRAL RAY; m. 1., MEDIO-LATERAL RAY; 7p. 1., POSTERO- QUADRIVITTATI. POSTE- 
LATERAL RAY; v. lobe, VENTRAL LOBE OF BURSA; 2. 2v., RIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, 
VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. DORSALVIEW. ENLARGED. 


rial noted in this paper, to Mr. EK. R. Warren, after whom the genus 
is named. 


is 


bo 


GENUS UNCERTAIN. 
ANALYTICAL KEY TO UNPLACED SPECIES OF TRICHOSTRONGYLINAE. 


. Found under the gastric mucosa_.__---2 3 Strongylus leporum, p. 148. 
Found in«the vntestine see ee bes ke i RAEN ee ae A eee 2. 
. No description ; found in small intestine of rat-____ Strongylus species, p. 145. 
Described Species? not found in intestine of rats. 2 3. 
» Cervicalealge presenta = eee ee, Strongylus minutoides, p. 147. 
Cervical-alaexprobablysabsent2 = ee 2 ee ee 4, 
. North American species from Hrethizon dorsatum (Hystrix dorsata). 


Strongylus simplex, p. 145. 
Not North American species and not from Hrethizon (Hystrir)_ ~~~ ___ 5. 


. Dorsal lobe of bursa very large; female more than 15 mm. jong. 


Strongylus sedecimradiatus, p. 145. 
Dorsal lobe of bursa small or lacking; female less than 15 mm. long. 
Strongylus cavalli, p. 146. 


The above key is obviously makeshift in character and in part of a 


rather unscientific nature, but in the absence of scientific data it is 
obviously impossible to supply a key based on such data. 


a 


ee eEEEeeEeEeEEE 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 145 


STRONGYLUS species Lutz, 1894. 

Specific diagnosis —None. 

Host—Epimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus). 

Location—Small intestine. 

Locality.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. 

In a paper on Z'aenia nana (Hymenolepis nana), Lutz (1894) states 
that in examining J/us decumanus at Sao Paulo, Brazil, he found, in 
the small intestine of one rat, one male of a probably undescribed 
species of Strongylus. ‘There are no further data or description of 
any sort. 

STRONGYLUS SIMPLEX Leidy, 1856. 

Specific diagnosis —(?) Trichostrongylinae (p. 123) : “Body cylin- 
droid, anteriorly rather abruptly narrowed.... Head obtusely 
conical, not alated nor papillated.” 

Male 5 to 7.5 mm. long and 335 » thick. “ Body ... curved, with 
the caudal extremity incurved.” Bursa with a dorsal and two lateral 
lobes sustained by rays. 

Female 8 to 10 mm. long and 500 » thick. Body straight. Tail 
compressed, conical, and acute. Vulva one-third of body length from 
posterior extremity. 

Host.—Erethizon dorsatum (Hystrix dorsata). 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality —North America. 

It is impossible to locate this species generically on the basis of the 
above description. 


STRONGYLUS SEDECIMRADIATUS von Linstow, 1899. 


Synonym—sStrongylus sedecinradiatus Linstow, 1899, of Travas- 
sos, 19140. 

Specific diagnosis.—(?) Trichostrongylinae (p. 123) : The cylindri- 
cal head end is separated from the remainder of the body by a circu- 
lar furrow. Cuticle strongly striated transversely. 

Male 8.2 mm. long and 140 » thick. The esophagus is 1/14.2 of the 
total body length. The bursa has a very large dorsal and two lateral 
lobes (fig. 192). The externo-lateral and medio-lateral rays are close 
together and parallel. All other rays diverge from adjacent rays. 
There are two dorsal rays, slightly divergent, which send out an 
externo-dorsal ray laterally a short distance from their proximal 
origin and then bifurcate to form the two distal branches. The 
spicules are 530 p long. 

Female 16.2 mm. long and 180 p» thick. The distance from the 
anus to the tip of the tail is one sixty-eighth of the body length. 
The eggs are 59 by 31 » in diameter. 

Host.—Cuniculus paca (Coelogenys paca, Cavia paca). 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——10 





146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. You. 50. 


Location.—Intestine. 

Locality —Y panema, Brazil. 

The above description of the bursal rays is based on von Linstow’s 
figure and its accuracy depends on the correctness. of the interpreta- 
tion of the ventral rays. If the apparent 
ventro-ventral ray is that and not a com- 
bined ventro-ventral and latero-ventral 
ray, the interpretation is as given. If 
what appears to be the ventro-ventral ray 
is really two rays, then the medio-lateral 
and postero-lateral rays are close together 
and parallel, the externo-dorsal 





STRONGYLUS CAVALLI Parona, 1907. 


ray lies in the lateral lobe and 
Specific diagnosis.—Trichostrongylinae (p. 

123): Body white, very narrow, anguilluli- 

form in both sexes, thinning anteriorly. 

Cuticle not striated. Anterior extremity sim- 

ple, not dilated. Esophagus not very long 


the externo-dorsal 
. A 14 
(fig. 193). Intestine straight. 


ray above de- 
Male 10 mm. long... Bursa :large, and’ bin 7 one ee 





195. 


scribed is merely 
VALLI. 193, ANTERIOR EXTREMITYe 


another branch of 
the dorsal. It 
Fig. 192._STRONGYLUS SEDECIMRA- @ 
lobed, the lobes 500 to 800 » long. Rays dif- Eytarcev. Arme Parona, 
f eee le} tl ag ] ofl : a f t S ° l 1909. 194,SPICULES. ENLARGED. 
ering slightly in length and form. Spicules gyre panona, 1909. 195, Pos. 


DIATUS. BURSA, DORSAL view. Seems unsafe to 

cae BITER VON JAN] Vassiom thisispecies 
i generically on the 

description given. ‘Travassos (19140) states 

that this is a species of Weligmosomum, but 

does not give his evidence or reason for the 

statement. 

equal, 500 to 800 p long, conical, hooked at the Tae need eae 

distal extremity and with two small conical 

projections at the proximal extremity (fig. 194). 

Female 10 to 12 mm. long. The posterior third of the body is 
thicker than the anterior portion. The tail is not very long and ends 
in an acuminate extremity. The vulva is in the posterior fourth of 
the body and shows as a transverse slit with raised margins. Uteri are 
divergent (fig. 195), the posterior ovary and uterus being a little 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 147 





shorter than the anterior. The anterior ovary extends beyond the 
middle of the body and forms a loop in the posterior third. The 





Fig. 196.—STRON- 
GYLUS MINUTOI- 
DES. ANTERIOR 
EXTREMITY. 
ENLARGED. 
AFTER PARONA, 
1909. 


ent (fig. 196). Mouth with two 
salient teeth. Esophagus elongated, its 
length equal to about one-sixth that of 
the entire body and without dilation. 
Intestine straight throughout its 


course. 


Male 4mm. long. The testes extend 
forward almost to the level of the sricutzs. En- 
esophagus. The large bursa has two 
lateral lobes sustained by large lateral 
rays. The medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays are 
close together and parallel. The spicules are equal, 
long, thin, and straight (fig. 197). Males found 
alone or twisted in several turns around the body of 


the female. 


Female 7 to 8 mm. long. Tail conical, not very 
long, and pointed (fig. 198). Vulva a little anterior 


eggs are oval, relatively large, 80 to 85 » long and 45 » 
thick, in the morula stage at oviposition. 

Hosts —Otomys irroratus, Otomys irroratus tropi- 
calis, Funisciurus carrutherst. 

Location.—Intestine. 

’ Locality.—Natakiva, Africa. 

The inadequate description of the bursal rays leaves 
the present generic position of this species in doubt. 
The description of the uteri, however, indicates that it 
belongs in the Trichostrongylinae within the limits of 
that subfamily as defined in this paper. 


STRONGYLUS MINUTOIDES Parona, 1907. 


Specific diagnosis—Trichostrongylinae (p. 128): 
Body white, filiform, diminishing in size anteriorly. 
Two cervical alae, with 
integral margins, pres- 





Fic. 197.—STRONGY- 
LUS MINUTOIDES. 


LARGED. AFTER 
Parona, 1909. 





of the anal aperture and not prominent. Uteri di- F'- 198—Stroney- 


LUS MINUTOIDES. 


vergent. Eggs large and oval, with thin shell and  posreston ex- 


very little developed at oviposition. TREMITY OF FE- 
’ . MALE LAT= 
ITost.—Arvicanthis pulchellus. geiicviiw Sine 
Location.—I\ntestine. LARGED. AFTER 


Locality—Ibanda, Africa. 


PARONA, 1909. 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


As in the foregoing species the brief description of the male bursa 
does not permit at present of a generic determination of this species, 
but the presence of two uteri in the female indicates that it belongs 
in the subfamily Trichostrongylinae. 


STRONGYLUS LEPORUM (Moniez, 1880) Moniez, 1889. 


Synonym.—s piroptera leporum Moniez, 1880. 

Specific diagnosis—(%) Trichostrongylinae (p. 123): Body red 
from red coloration of coelomic fluid. Body attenuates anteriorly, 
then enlarges abruptly in the head region. Cuticle transversely stri- 
ated, except on the bursa of the male. Head with four simple lips 
without appendices. 

Male \ess than 10 mm. long and with a maximum thickness of 
270 ». Bursa with a dorsal and two lateral lobes. ‘The bursa is lon- 
gitudinally striated. The dorsal ray bifurcates at the proximal 
third, each branch dividing to form two short terminal forks, of 
which the external is the shorter. The spicules are deep red, 1.98 to 
2.03 mm. long and enlarge gently distally. Toward the distal ex- 
tremity, over a distance of half the spicule length to just the distal 
part, they are united by a thin chitinous lamella forming a channel. 
This chitinous lamella projects slightly beyond the spicules, forming 
a sort of appendage, below which is a hook attachment to the spicule. 
The free portions of the spicules have a minimum diameter of 22 p, 
while the united distal portions have a maximum diameter of 65 p. 

Female a little more than 10 mm. long, with a maximum thickness 
of 450 p. Eggs average 80 by 40 pw in diameter, thin shelled, and seg- 
menting at oviposition. 

Hosts —Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus), Lepus euro- 
paeus (Lepus timidus). 

Location.—Under the gastric mucosa. 

Locality—Northern France (Ambleteuse, Pas-de-Calais; Grof- 
fliers, Pas-de-Calais; Forest of Marchienes). 

This species, originally described by Moniez as a Spiroptera, was 
later described as a Strongylus, but without the bursa characteristics 
necessary for present-day generic determination. Moniez indicates 
that there are five simple rays in each lateral lobe, but gives no fur- 
ther data. 





Subfamily HMLIGMOSOMINAHE Travassos, 1914). 


Subfamily diagnosis—Trichostrongylidae (p. 123): Body fre- 
quently coiled in a spiral. Females with one ovary. 
Type-genus.—Heligmosomum Railliet and Henry, 1909a. 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 149 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF HELIGMUOSOMINARE, 


1. Two separate dorsal rays, vulva anterior___________ Heligmosomoides, p. 160. 
One branching dorsal ray, vulva posterior_______-_-__-___ 2 
2. Body not spirally enrolled, prominent longitudinal cuticular markings. 
Heligmosomum, p. 149. 
Body spirally enrolled, without prominent longitudinal cuticular markings. 
Viannaia, p. 158. 


Genus HELIGMOSOMUM Railliet and Henry, 1909a. 


Synonym.—-Strongylus Mueller, 1780, of authors. 

Generic diagnosis—Heligmosominae (p. 148): Usually minute 
forms. Cuticle of normal thickness. Body commonly with cuticular 
markings other than simple striations, the longitudinal markings 
being especially prominent. Vulva in posterior portion of body, 
close to anus. » A single ovary present. Uterus provided with well- 
developed ovijector. Two filiform spicules, less than 1 mm. long; 
gubernaculum present or absent. Nature of bursal rays not known 
to me from type-species, but from new species included in this genus 
is apparently as follows: Ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays di- 
vergent, the latero-dorsal ray straight, the ventro-ventral curving 
posteriorly. The externo-lateral and medio-lateral rays run close 
together and parallel throughout most of their extent, but their tips 
diverge distally. The postero-lateral ray diverges from the medio- 
lateral, curving posteriorly, so that its tip is not far from the tip 
of the externo-dorsal ray. The externo-dorsal ray is very thin, the 
thickest rays being the medio-lateral and externo-lateral. The dorsal 
ray originates as a thick stem, which bifurcates to form two long 
branches, which are cleft near their ends to form two small branches. 
Between the main bifurcation and the origin of the ray the main stem 
sends out two small posteriorly directed spurs. The bursa forms, 
usually, a small dorsal lobe and two large lateral lobes. 

Type-species.—H eligmosomum costellatwm (Dujardin, 1845) Rail- 
het and Henry, 1909a. 

This genus was proposed by Railliet and Henry by the designation 
of Strongylus costellatus Dujardin, 1845, as type-species. No generic 
diagnosis was given and as the species is nowhere adequately de- 
scribed and nowhere figured, the present writer was unable to de- 
termine the basis on which the genus was proposed or the probable 
generic characteristics. The included species are also so poorly 
described and the existing figures so contradictory that little light 
was obtained by an examination of these. A request for material 
of the type or included species was made to Professor Railliet by 
Dr. B. H. Ransom, noting the fact that the generic characteristics 
were not evident from the published descriptions of these species. In 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


reply Professor Railliet stated that he - was unable to locate any 
material of the species in question, but that the species was created 
to replace Metastrongylus Molin, 1861a. Professor Railliet called 
attention to the fact that in his generic diagnosis of A/etastrongylus, 
Molin (1861@) gives as a leading feature the presence of one ovary 
and uterus in the female, and that Stiles and Hassall (1905) in 
selecting a type-species of d/etastrongylus selected Metastrongylus 
paradoxus, on the ground that it was the common and available 
species, overlooking the fact that Railliet (1893) had already pointed 
out that Molin was in error in stating that J/. paradoxus had but a 
single ovary. The generic characters being fixed by the type-species, 
it becomes necessary to create a new genus for the forms with a single 
ovary which Molin had in mind in creating the genus Metastron- 
gylus. With this explanation available it is readily evident that 
the new genus is quite important, so much so that Travassos has 
very properly made it the type of a new subfamily. 

Type-species.—Heligmosomum costellatum (Dujardin, 1845) Rail- 
liet and Henry, 1909a. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF HELIGMOSOMUM 


1. Males over 10’ mm. and females over 15 mm. long. 
Heligmosomum costellatum, p. 150. 
Males less than 10 mm. and females less than 15 mm. long________________._ 2. 
. Males not over 2.25 mm. long; females less than 2.5 mnt. long. 
Heligmosomum minutum, p. 151. 
Males over 2.25 mm.; females 2.5 mm. long or longer_-_----___________=_ oe 
38. Males over 5 mm. ne: females over § mm. long; with large cervical alae. 
Heligmosomum gracile, p. 153. 
Males not over 5 mm, long; females not over 8 mm. long; or larger forms 
withoutacervicalval aes = 28s: 8008 ee a ee eee 4, 
4, Males 4.5 to 5 mm. long; females 6.4 to 8 mm. long; spicules 600 to 675 uw long. 
Fei mosomuln laeve, p. 158. 
Males not over 3.5 mm. long; females not over 4.87 mm. long; spicules less 
thans580nlonge. 28s ee ee ee ee 5. 
5. Males 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long and females 3.5 mm. long; spicules 550 to 560. u 
VON e8 eee eee e e e Heligmosomum braziliense, p. 154. 
Males 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long and females 3.44 to 4.87 mm. long; spicules 360 
Vato 440 uo longo ator a RET Deer iss Heligmosomum vexillatum, p. 155. 


The principal tangible differences in the descriptions of species of 
Heligmosomum are in regard to size, and these differences have been 
used in the foregoing key. If the published figures of the bursae were 
used, it is doubiful whether the species would appear to have any- 
thing like generic relation. 


to 


HELIGMOSOMUM COSTELLATUM (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet and Henry, rg09a. 





Synonyms.—Strongylus costellatus Dujardin, 1845; Metastrongy- 
lus costellatus (Dujardin, 1845) Molin, 1861a; Strongylus polygyrus 
Dujardin, 1845, of Stossich, 1899. 


et oe ee 


No. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 151 





Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body red, filiform, 
curved in an arc, somewhat narrowed anteriorly. Cuticle bears two 
opposed ridges er prominent lines from which regular folds originate 
on each side and pass obliquely to the rear, like ribs. Cuticle trans- 
versely striate. Head obtuse, 66 » in- diameter exclusive of the sur- 
rounding cuticular expansion, and 100 » in diameter inclusive of 
the surrounding cuticular expansion. Mouth round. Esophagus 
muscular and club-shaped. 

Male 11 mm. long and 170 » thick. Ratio of length to width, 65:1. 
Bursa 310 » long, composed of two large lobes, each supported by 
four rays (?), and more or less enrolled on one another. Two nar- 
row spicules 930 p» long. 

Female 16.8 mm. long and 250 » thick in the middle and 207 p 
thick in the rear. Tail narrowing, conical, acute, not mucronate. 
Anus 100 » from the tip of the tail. Vulva 630 » from the tip of the 
tail. Uterus provided with muscular ovijector. Eggs 100 to 110 » 
long. 

fHost.—Microtus arvalis (Arvicola arvalis). 

Location—Intestine and in tubercles in the stomach. 

Locality—France (Rennes). 

The above very inadequate description is from Dujardin (1845), 
and although this is the type-species of the genus, no better de- 
scriptions and no figures whatever appear to be in existence. This 
is an example of the difficulties resulting from the proposal of 
genera by the designation of a type-species without the statement of 
the generic characteristics. As already noted, both things should be 
expected of present-day workers. i 


HELIGMOSOMUM MINUTUM (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet and Henry, rg909a. 


Synonyms.—Strongylus minutus Dujardin, 1845; MWetastrongylus 
minutus Molin, 1861a. . 

Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body filiform, red- 
dish, recurved in an are. Two membranous alae, 10 » wide and 
striated transversely. These striations are less distinct on the cuticle 
where they occur at intervals of 14.5 ». The head is alate, abruptly 
narrowed and obtuse. It is 23 y thick exclusive of the alae, and is 35 p 
thick inclusive of the alae. The cervical alae are separated from 
the body alae by an incision at one point. 

Male 2.25 mm. long and 51 to 70 uw thick inclusive of the alae. The 
ratio of length to thickness is 32:1. The bursa is 90 p long and 157 p 
wide and is widely opened. It is formed of a double rounded lobe 
supported by two simple rays posteriorly and by two rays with 
five digitations laterally. The two filiform spicules are 265 p» long. 

Female 2.4 mm. long and a little thicker than the male. Ratio of 
length to thickness is 34:1. The tail is narrow, conoid, and obtuse. 





152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Anus is 110 » from the tip of the tail. The prominent vulva is situ- 
ated immediately in front of the anus. The single uterus is pro- 
vided with muscular ovijector. Eggs 90 by 75 » in diameter, rela- 
tively large and variable in size. 

Hosts —Microtus arvalis (Arvicola arvalis), Apodemus sylvaticus 
(Mus sylvaticus), Pitymys subterraneus (Arvicola subterraneus). 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality—F rance (Rennes). 

The above description is from Dujardin (1845). Von Linstow 
(1882) describes and figures what he regards as the same species 
collected from Talpa europaea. The 
differences in the two descriptions seem 
to the present writer to hardly warrant 
combining them, especially in view of 
the different hosts. Linstow’s male is 
only 990 » long and 46 » wide. The cuticle 
is very thick and has peculiar transverse 
folds which form several longitudinal 
rows on the body. ‘The intestinal wall is 
filled with refractive nuclei. I have 
commented on this finding in the dis- 
cussion of Leligmosomum vexillatum. 
The bursa has two lobes defined by the 
narrow dorsal ray which bifurcates near 
its distal extremity to form a fork in- 

Fig. 199.—Hxticmosomum mixutum. closing the shallow middorsal incision of 

Tutingen. Aeren YON Linsow, th© bursa (fig: 199)!"The three lateral 

1882. [PRoBaBLY Not H. minuTuM rays and the latero-ventral ray form a 

Sack Rg akon As divergent system of thick rays. The 
somewhat narrower ventro-ventral ray curves posteriorly away from 
the latero-ventral. The narrow externo-dorsal rays lie a little nearer 
the externo-lateral rays than to the dorsal rays. The spicules are 197 
» long, filiform, and united at the tip. The male is spirally rolled 
and invisible to the naked eye. It is, according to von Linstow, the 
smallest of all known strongyles. 

Tt appears, then, that von Linstow’s male specimens were less than 
half the length of Dujardin’s, whereas the spicules in the latter case, 
instead of being more than twice as long were roughly 35 per cent 
longer. In view of this and the difference in host animals, it seems 
more likely that comparative study would show von Linstow’s 
species to be a new one than that the two species would prove to be 
identical. 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 153 





HELIGMOSOMUM GRACILE (F. S. Leuckart, 1842) Railliet and Henry, 1g909u. 


Synonyms.—Strongylus gracilis F. 8. Leuckart, 1842; Meta- 
strongylus gracilis (F. S. Leuckart, 1842) Molin, 186la; Strongylus 
myoxi Rudolphi, 1819, cf Diesing, 1851, and Stossich, 1899. 

Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body whitish brown, 
thinning anteriorly. Head small, elongate, and obtuse. Mouth 
simple and orbicular. Two large cervical alae present. 

Male 6 to 7mm. long. Large campanulate bursa, slightly incised 
on the dorsal border, and with small rays. Spicules long and 
filiform, 

Female 9 mm. long. Body thickens posteriorly and terminates in 
a conical mucronate point. 

Host.—Glis glis (Myoxus glis). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Localities —Germany (Freiburg), Austria (Trieste), Italy (Pisa). 

This worm was originally described under the specific name used 
here by Leuckart. Dujardin has quoted Leuckart’s description with 
the comment that it is very probably identical with some one of the 
species made by him (Dujardin), i. e., one of the species now trans- 
ferred to the genera Heligmosomum and Viannaia as 7. costellatum, 
H. laeve, H. minutum, and V. polygyra. At the same time Dujardin 
did not go farther in attempting to identify Leuckart’s species with 
any one of these, and there seems to be nothing to be gained by sup- 
pressing what may prove to be a good species on the strength of a 
casual opinion. Strongylus myoxvi Rudolphi,. 1819, has never been 
described and must be regarded as a nomen nudum, since there are 
at least two species of Heligmosomum, H. gracile and H. laeve, 
described from species formerly referred to the genus J/yorus. 
Stossich (1899), however, regards Strongylus gracilis and Meta- 
strongylus gracilis as synonyms of Strongylus myoxi, but does not 
discuss the point. 








HELIGMOSOMUM LAEVE (Dujardin, 1845) Railliet and Henry, 1909. 


Synonyms.—Strongylus laevis Dujardin, 1845; Metastrongylus 
laevis (Dujardin, 1845) Molin, 186la,; Strongylus polygyrus Du- 
jardin, 1845, of Stossich, 1899. 

Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body filiform, red- 
dish, shghtly attenuate anteriorly, more or less enrolled, but not in 
a permanent manner. Cuticle slightly striate transversely at inter- 
vals of less than 2 ». Two lateral lines or crests are visible at times. 
Head thinned, obtuse, 38 » in diameter, exclusive of the surrounding 
vesicular cuticle, and 60 yw in diameter, inclusive of the vesicular 
cuticle. 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Male 4.5 mm. long and 109 p thick. Ratio of length to width, 48:1. 
Bursa often outspread, 200 » long and 400 » wide, and sustained by 
six or seven rays. Two filiform spicules 600 p» long. 

Female 6.4 mm. long by 115 p» thick anteriorly and 118 p thick pos- 
teriorly. Ratio of length to thickness, 53-56:1. Tail thin, conical, 
truncate, mucronate, or terminating in a narrow point, and 23 yp 
long. Anus 102 » from the tip of the tail. Vulva is 380 » from the 
tip of the tail. The single uterus is provided with a muscular 
ovijector. Eggs 72 to 74 » long. | 

Hosts —Pitymys subterraneus (Arvicola subterraneus), Apodemus 
sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), HKliomys querinus (Myoxus nitella), 
Dipodillus campestris (Dipodilla campestris). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Localities —France (Rennes), Algeria (high plateaus). 

It is evident from the above description of the female that Du- 
jardin does not regard the length of the tail and the distance from 
the anus to the tip of the tail as the same thing. Unless the tail is 
defined as the portion of the body posterior of the anus, it would 
seem requisite that some landmark be furnished for the anterior 
boundary in order to make records of tail lengths of any use. 

LH, laeve is recorded from Dipodillus campestris (Dipodilla cam- 
pestris) in Algeria by Seurat (1914e). 

Since the foregoing was written, a paper by Seurat (19157), giving 
an extended description of this species, has come to hand. Some of 
the features of his description are: There are 14 longitudinal crests 
along the body; the esophagus is short, 420 to 500 » long; the male is 
5 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 130 pw; the spicules are 675 p. 
long and united at their distal extremity; the gubernaculum is asym- 
metrical, being prolonged anteriorly on the left side; the female is. 
6.5 to 8 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 150 p, and forms a 
spiral of 9 turns when removed from the host; caudal extremity of 
female conical and at times invaginated; the anus is 80 yp. from the tip 
of the tail and the vulva is 70 p. anterior of the anus; there is a short 
cuticular vagina and a simple genital tube; the eggs have a thin shell 
and are ovoid, 77 p by 42 to 45 yp in diameter, segmenting when ovi- 
posited. Seurat notes that there are some differences between his 
measurements and those of Dujardin. He gives an extended descrip- 
tion of the female genitalia and some good figures. 


HELIGMOSOMUM BRAZILIENSE Travassos, 1914). 


Specific diagnosis —Heligmosomum (p. 149): Body red... Cuticle 
with transverse striations and with prominent longitudinal mark- 
ings. The esophagus is sinuous and is 280 » long. Head slightly 
dilated. 


No. 2181. NEMATODE: PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 155 





Male 2.6 to 2.8 mm. long and 90 to 100 » thick. The large bursa 
is trilobed, and the posterior lobe is very small. The ventro-ventral 
and latero-ventral rays are divergent, and the medio-lateral and 
externo-lateral rays.are divergent. The dorsal ray terminates in 
four digitations. The spicules are long 
and filiform, with a sinuous distal ex- 
tremity. 

Female 3.5 mm. long and 1380 p thick. 
The posterior extremity is truncate. The 
anus is about 71 » from the tip of the tail. 
The vulva is about 140 » from the tip of 
the tail. The single uterus contains nu- 
merous ellipsoidal eggs. The eggs are 63 
by 28 » in diameter. 

Host.—E pimys norvegicus (Mus decu- 
manus ). 

Location—Small intestine. 

Locality.—Rio de Janeiro, Manguinhos, 
Brazil. 

Life history.—Unknown. 

The statements regarding the rays as 
given above are to be regarded as the 
present writer’s interpretation of Tra- 





vassos’s statements. It isgreatly tobe de-  yr¢. 200—Heuemosomum vexn- 
sired that every ray in the strongyle bursa  ‘ATUM. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY 


: : . ° OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. 
be referred to specifically in descriptions 


rather than that some of them be considered as individual rays which 
branch. The dorsal ray may be treated as an exception to this, but 
it is very confusing to treat the ventral rays and combinations of the 
lateral rays as one ray. 


e 


HELIGMOSOMUM VEXILLATUM Hall, 1916, new species. 


Specific diagnosis—Heligmosomum (p. 149): Lips indistinct. 
Cuticle of head very slightly dilated. Cuticle with very fine and 
close, but very distinct transverse striation. A number of wavy 
cuticular markings, possibly 8 or 10 in number, formed by a sort 
of permanent cuticular folding, originate at the head and continue 
for some distance back (fig. 200), the distance in some females being 
as much as 500 ». Two of these pennantlike markings, from which 
the species takes its name, seem to be constant and more prominent 
than the others. The other markings are not always evident. In- 
testinal cells contain small amounts of refractive granules distributed 
throughout the entire length of the intestine. 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Male 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long, with a maximum thickness of about 80 p 
(fig. 201). Head about 25 » in diameter. Esophagus frequently bent 





Fig. 201.—HELIGMOSOMUM Fig. 202.—H ELIGMOSOMUM VEXILLATUM. BURSA, DORSAL 
VEXILLATUM. MALE. VIEW. 


or sinuous to some extent and about 250 pw long and 30 y» thick near 
the posterior end in a small specimen. The nerve ring is about 110 p 
from the anterior end of the body. 
The intestine is straight. The 
bursa is set on at approximately 
right angles to the long axis of the 
body and has a spread width equal 
to more than three times the maxi- 
mum thickness of the body (fig. 
202). The body terminates pos- 
teriorly in a cone which projects 
ventral of the bursa (fig. 203). 
The arrangement of the bursal rays 
is that given in the generic diag- 
nosis. The tips of the externo- 
dorsal and postero-lateral rays are 
fairly close together; at an interval 
from this are the medio-lateral and 
externo-lateral rays, with their tips 
not so close together; and at a less 
interval is the latero-ventral ray, 





Fia. 203.—HELIGMOSOMUM VEXILLATUM. Pos- fs c . . 
TERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. with its tip still farther removed 


d., DORSAL LOBE AND RAY; ¢. d., EXTERNO- from the ventro-ventral ray than 
DORSAL RAY; é. l., EXTERNO-LATERAL RAY; 


1. v., LATERO-VENTRAL RAY; m.J., MEDIO- WaS the case with the two pre- 
LATERAL RAY; 7. l., POSTERO-LATERAL RAY; ceding related pairs. The dorsal 


v. v., VENTRO-VENTRAL RAY. ENLARGED. 


ray is about 65 pw long and the 
spurs nearest the proximal end originate about one-third of the dis- 
tance from the base to the ends of the ray. The main branches 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 157 








originate about two-thirds of this distance. The bursal areas between 
the rays are marked with irregular maculae, following in a general 
way the contour lines of the rays. This marking results in a certain 
opacity, with the result that the rays commonly appear as light lines 
against a darker and more opaque background, contrary to the usual 
condition in the strongyle bursa, where the rays are usually more 
opaque than the bursal membrane. The 
simple, filiform spicules are 360 to 440 p» 
long. 

Female 3.44 to 4.37 mm. long and with a 
maximum thickness of about 90 pp. The 
head diameter is about 25 ». Esophagus 
is 275 to 290 uw long, with a maximum thick- 
ness of about 30 ». Nerve ring about 110 
pw from the anterior end of the body. The 
intestine is straight. The rectum is a nar- 
row cylindrical to elongate conical struc- 
ture about 25 » long. The anus is 34 to 42 
pw from the tip of the tail. The tail is coni- 
cal and shows the transverse striation 
prominently. The vulva is 122 to 127 p 
from the tip of the tail (fig. 204), and on 
the dorsal side opposite the vulva is often 
a projecting cuticular structure. The ovi- 7 204  Bencwosomum vexte 
jectors are not well preserved in my mate- ‘Sa Serato 
rial, and I am unable to give any details of structure. The single 
uterus has few eggs, commonly three to nine, in it. The eggs are 
oval, about 70 by 32 » in diameter. 

Host.—Thomomys fossor. 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality —Livermore (Larimer County), Colorado. 

The refractive granules in the intestinal wall are evidently similar 
to the rhabditin described by Cobb (1914) from Rhabditis monhys- 
tera and to the refractive nuclei found by von Linstow (i882) in 
what he regards as Heligmosomum minutum. It is interesting to 
note that all these species are forms with one ovary and that Leuckart 
has established the presence of the rhabditiform embryo for a species 
of Heligmosomum. It suggests that the presence of the interesting 
nutritional granules studied by Cobb will probably be demonstrated 
in a much larger number of allied parasitic and nonparasitic forms 
on further investigation. 

Type material._N o. 16142, U.S.N.M. (Bureau of Animal Industry 
helminthological collection). 





158 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 





I am indebted for this material also to the kindness of Mr. E. R. 
Warren. The worms were collected from host material collected by 
him and preserved in alcohol. 


Genus VIANNAIA Travassos, 1914). 


Synonyins.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780, part; Aletastrongylus Mo- 
lin, 1861a, part; Weligmosomum Railliet and Henry, 1909a, part. 

Generic diagnosis —Heligmosominae(p. 148) : Body strongly rolled 
in a spiral, with slight transverse striations and without evident lon- 
gitudinal striations. Cuticle enormously thickened, especially in the 
male. Spicules short; gubernaculum present or absent, and only 
slightly visible when present. Vulva only slightly anterior of the 
anus. Ovijector well developed. Single uterus and ovary. In 
small intestine of rodents and marsupials. 

Type-species.—Viannaia viannai Travassos, 19146. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF VIANNATA, 


t= awWorms less than 3, mmilonges es ieee Viannaia hydrocheri, p. 158. 
Worms''6) mm: long orylonger. 2 eee Viannaia polygyra, p. 158. 


VIANNAIA HYDROCHERI Travassos, 19140. 


Specific diagnosis.—Viannaia (p. 158): Body red and rolled in a 
spiral. Cuticle very thick. Esophagus claviform and 310 » long. 

Male 2.3 to 2.4 mm. long and 150 » thick. Large bursa with well 
ceveloped lateral lobes. Ventro-ventral and latero-ventral rays di- 
vergent and medio-lateral and postero-lateral rays divergent. Dor- 
sal ray branches dichotomously. Spicules characteristic, of about 
the same size, 170 to 180 p» long, but slightly differing in shape; no 
gubernaculum. 

Female 1.9 mm. long and 120 » thick. Vulva 71 » from the tip of 
the tail. A single uterus with few eggs; eggs 42 to 49 » by 28 to 35 p 
in diameter. 

Host—lHydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Iydrocherus capibara). 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality —Estado do Rio, Angra dos Reis, Brazil. 

Life history—Unknown. 

Tt would have been better if Travassos had elaborated or illustrated 
his statement that the spicules are characteristic. 


VIANNAIA POLYGYRA (Dujardin, 1845) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, 1845; IMetastrongy- 
lus polygyrus Dujardin (1845) Molin, 1861a; Strongylus spirogyrus 


ee 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 159 





Leuckart, 1867; Strongylus laevis Dujardin, 1845, of Stossich, 1899; 
Strongylus costellatus Dujardin, 1845, of Stossich, 1899; Heligmoso- 
mum polygyrum (Dujardin, 1845) Raillet and Henry, 1909a. 

Specific diagnosis —Viannaia (p. 158): Body red, filiform, thin- 
ning anteriorly and tightly rolled into a spiral of 6 to 18 turns, 
impossible to straighten without breaking. Cuticle finely striated 
longitudinally and transversely, the transverse striation being the 
more distinct and spaced at intervals of 20 to 22 p. The head is nar- 
row and obtuse and has a diameter, inclusive of its vesicular swelling, 
of 45 to 55 p. 

Male 6 to 7.2 mm. long and 90 » thick. Ratio of length to thick- 
bess 80:1. Body rolled in a spiral of five to six turns. Head 24 » in 
diameter exclusive of vesicular swelling, and 42 » in diameter in- 
clusive of swelling. Bursa 300 » long and 250 » wide, formed of two 
large lobes more or less enrolled. Two filiform spicules 580 » long. 

Female 10 to 13 mm. long and 95 to 105 » thick near the middle, 
130 to 140 » thick posteriorly in the region of the uterus. Ratio of 
length to thickness 120:1. Body rolledin 10 to 18 spiral turns. Head 
27 to 32 w in diameter exclusive of vesicular swelling, and 55 » in 
diameter inclusive of swelling. Tail 20 » long, thin, conical, diaphan- 
ous, truncated, and terminating abruptly in a narrow point. Anus 
75 » from the tip of the tail. Vulva 300 » from the tip of the tail. 
The single uterus is provided with a muscular ovijector. Eggs 66 by 
62 » in diameter. 

Hosts—Microtus arvalis (Arvicola arvalis), Apodemus sylvati- 
cus (Mus sylvaticus). 

Location.—Intestine, at times in pedunculated cysts on the ex- 
ternal aspect of the intestinal wall. 

Locality. — France. 

Travassos (19146) states that this species should be transferred to 
his new genus Viannata and it is here transferred to that genus, 
principally on the authority of Travassos, who has had material 
representative of both genera and is in a better position to judge 
where Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin belongs than I am. At the 
same time the available descriptions of Dujardin’s species are not 
sufficiently detailed to warrant the assertion in this paper that 'Tra- 
vassos is right. 

Von Linstow (18784 and 1879) has described a parasite, which he 
determined as Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, from Arvicola 
campestris, but the worm as described and figured differs so much 
from Strongylus polygyrus and the other species now assigned to the 
genera Heligmosomum and Viannaia, and from any other proposed 
genera known to me, that I have transferred it to the new genus 
Heligmosomoides. 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


Leuckart (1867) records some investigations into the life history 
of what he calls “ Str. spirogyrus der Waldenmiuse,” apparently an 
unconscious substitution for Str. polygyrus. He finds that this spe- 
cies has a rhabditiform embryo. The embryos develop in two to 
three days and measure 500 » in length. The tooth apparatus is 
weak, so that it is easily overlooked, and exists for only a short time. 
Possibly correlated with this is the fact that the animal grows only 
a little during its free existence. In spite of this it remains alive 8 
to 12 weeks in saliva. The attempt to bring about the further evolu- 
tion of the worm in its host, the wood mouse, gave what Leuckart 
regarded as a doubtful result. Fourteen days after feeding to a 
mouse, the mouse was found to contain an extraordinary number of 
these parasites, but these, if not completely grown, were yet of such 
considerable size, 8 to 10 mm., that without a control experiment he 
does not feel warranted in referring them to the feeding. It seems 
likely, nevertheless, that the feeding was successful. 

Tt will be noted that in this species, as in //. laeve, Dujardin does 
not regard the length of the tail and the distance from the anus 

to the tip of the tail as identical. 


HELIGMOSOMOIDES Hall, 
1916, new genus. 


Generic diagnosis —Heligmoso- 
minae(p. 148) : Body commonly coiled 
in a spiral. Male with filiform spic- 
ules. Bursa with broad, shallow dor- 

Fig. 205.—HELIGMOSOMOIDES LINSTOWI. sal incision. Ventro-ventral and lat- 

Bursa. ENLARGED. AFTER von Lin- ero-ventral rays divergent, from a 

peo age common trunk, the latero-ventral ray 
broad and presenting the appearance of a double ray. The lateral 
rays arise from a common trunk and are divergent (fig. 205). There 
are two dorsal rays with 
separate origins, their tips 
located close to the tips of 
the postero-lateral rays. 
Between the dorsal rays 
and posterior of the cloaca 
are 14 small raylike struc- 
tures terminating in pa- 
pillae (fig. 206). Two 
well-developed prebursal 
papillae present. The 








bursa is set on at right Fic. 206.—HELIGMOSOMOIDES LINSTOWI. BURSA. ENLARGED. 
angles to the long axis of AFTER VON LINsTOW, 1879. 


the worm. The vulva is near the head. One ovary. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 161 


Type-species.—IT eligmosomoides linstowt Hall, 1916. 
I am not sure that my interpretation of von Linstow’s figures of 
the bursa is correct. The figures present some peculiarities. 


HELIGMOSOMOIDES LINSTOWI Hall, 1916, new name. 


Synonym.—sStrongylus polygyrus Dujardin, 1845, of von Lin- 
stow, 1878) and 1879a. 

Specific diagnosis.—lecligmosomoides (p. 169): Worm, reddish, 
spirally coiled. Mouth aperture triangular with four circumoral 
papillae. Cuticle dilated about head and with 16 longitudinal stria- 
tions, in part wavy, along 
body. Transverse stria- 
tions present and spaced at 
about the same interval as 
the longitudinal. 

Male 4mm. long and 78 p 
thick. The bursa structure 
is that given in the generic 
diagnosis. The spicules are 
540 p» long. 

Female 7.2 mm. long and 
96 » thick. The anus is 98 
p from the tip of the tail, 
the tail ending in a fine 
terminal point 16 » long. 
The vulva is anterior, 240 
py from the anterior end. 
The vagina is 720 p long 
and is directed posteriorly 
(presumably). le joins ae Fic. 207.—HELIGMOSOMOIDES muioee TiN Teowt: 
ovijector 180 p» long (fig. LINSTOWI. VAGINA AND EMBRYO. ENLARGED. 
207i). At the anterior end OVIJECTOR. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 

sete : AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1882. 1882. 
of this is a spherical body. 
Anterior of the latter is a muscular uterus 180 » long and anterior 
of this is the ovary. The eggs are 75 by 43 p» in diameter. 

Life history—tIn eggs placed in moist earth embryos (fig. 208) 
develop in eight days. The embryo is 310 p» long and 23 4 thick. 
The mouth has two conical projections and the tail is awl-shaped. 
The esophagus is 1/2.4 and the tail 1/4.7 of the total body length. 

Host.—Microtus arvalis (Arvicola campestris). 

Location.—Intestine, partly in saclike depressions apparently 
caused by the worm. 

Locality.—Germany. 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 








A 
Besar 
LAE; 


ne” 


tL 





162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 50. 





This species is described by von Linstow (1878) and 1879a) as 
Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, but unless the figures of other spe- 
cies are misleading in conveying the idea that there is one branching 
dorsal ray, or unless von Linstow has erred in figuring his material 
as having two dorsal rays and in stating that the vulva is anterior, 
we are bound to conclude that von Linstow’s species is not even con- 
generic with Dujardin’s. On the available evidence, I have regarded 
his species as new and erected a new genus for it. His terminology 
in regard to the female genitalia is not in accordance with present- 
day terminology and I have altered it accordingly in the above 
diagnosis. He also makes the statement that the spherical body an- 
terior of the uterus is composed of unicellular glands which empty 
their secretion into the lumen. While this may be correct, it might 
also be noted that a somewhat spherical muscular structure is a 
common feature of the ends of the ovijectors. 


Family METASTRONGYLIDAE Leiper, 1908. 


Family diagnosis—Strongyloidea (p. 106): Polymyarian. Buccal 
capsule present or absent. Bursa present or absent; when present, 
frequently atypical in structure and number of rays. Oviparous, 
with eggs in variable stages of segmentation when oviposited, or 
viviparous. Embryo not rhabditiform. Usually in respiratory and 
circulatory systems, rarely in digestive system. 

Type-genus.—M etastrongylus Molin, 1861a. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF METASTRONGYLIDAE. 


1 Buccal capsule absent.-= 2-5 eee ee Metastrongylinae, p. 162. 
S1ccale capsule: Presents a ee ee ee ae Se ee 2. 

2. Bursa much reduced or lacking; when present, with few and atypical rays. 
IMWOs OV ETLOS = 254 okie ate ee ee ee 28 ee Rictulariinae, p. 168. 

Bursa well developed, with typical rays. One ovary__-~-~ Ollulaninae, p. 177. 


Subfamily MBETASTRONGYLINAHE Leiper, 1908. 


Subfamily diagnosis.—Metastrongylidae (p. 162): Buccal capsule 
absent. Male with two equal spicules and female with two ovaries. 
Eggs in varying stages of development when oviposited. Embryo 
not rhabditiform. Parasitic in the respiratory and circulatory 
systems. 

Type-genus.—M etastrongylus Molin, 18614. 

The life history in this group is not as yet very well ascertained. 
Romanovitch and Slavine (1914) state that when eggs of Dictyocaulus 
filaria are placed in water, embryos form, two ecdyses follow, the 
cuticle being retained, and that such encapsuled larvae produce 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 163 


infection with the adult worm when fed to sheep. This points to a 
direct development without intermediate host for the worms in this 
group. The fact that lungworms have been found in newborn ani- 
mals and in the fetus, suggests that the life history is not entirely a 
sunple one. 


Genus SYNTHETOCAULUS Railliet and Henry, 1907. 


Syonym.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780, part, of authors. 

Generic diagnosis—Metastrongylinae (p. 162): Body capillary. 
Mouth with three lips. Posterior extremity of the body of the male 
reinforced by a chitinous are. Bursa with the ventro-ventral and 
latero-ventral rays close together and parallel, and with the medio- 
lateral and postero-lateral rays close together and parallel. The 
dorsal rays are united in a thick trunk of quite disproportionate size. 
Two punctate, striate, or pectinate spicules, slightly bent. Between 
the spicules and at some distance anterior of the bursa is an unpaired 
chitinous accessory structure forming an angle open to the rear. ‘In 
the bursa region are two paired chitinous accessory structures, elon- 
gate and approximately parallel. Vulva a little in front of the anus. 
Uteri convergent. [Eggs without a trace of segmentation when ovi- 
posited. Embryo with a tail prolonged by an undulate appendix. 

Ty pe-species.—S ynthetocaulaus pulmonalis (Froelich, 1802) Hall, 
1916. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF SYNTHETOCAULUS. 


1. Parallel accessory organs of male 83 » long__Synthetocaulus pulmonalis, p. 163. 
Parallel accessory organs of male 50 » long___Synthetocaulus rufescens, p. 166. 


SYNTHETOCAULUS PULMONALIS (Froelich, 1802) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—Filaria pulmonalis Froelich, 1802; Strongylus retortae- 
jormis major Rudolphi, 1819; Wilaria leporis pulmonalis Rudolphi, 
1819; Capillaria pulmonalis Rudolphi, 1819; Strongylus commutatus 
Diesing, 1851; Filaria leporis pulmonalis Froelich, 1802, of Diesing, 
1851; Trichosomum leporis Dujardin, 1845, of Diesing, 18513; 7'richo- 
somum leporis (pulmonale) Diesing of Diesing, 1851; Filaria termi- 
nalis Passerini, 1884; Synthetocaulus commutatus (Diesing, 1851) 
Railliet and Henry, 1907. 

Specifie diagnosis —Synthetocaulus (p.163): Body filiform. <An- 
terior extremity attenuated and head obtuse. Mouth with three lips 
and with six very small circumoral papillae. The slender esophagus 
is slightly dilated posteriorly. The intestine is dark brown and is 
lined with polygonal cells. The excretory pore opens just behind the 
posterior end of the esophagus (fig. 209). 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Male 18 to 83 mm. long and 100 » thick. The esophagus is 665 p 
long. The small bursa is short and rounded and only very slightly 
incised dorsally (fig. 210). It is nearly transparent and readily 
overlooked. The arrangement of the bursal rays is that given in the 
generic diagnosis. The dorsal ray is8 to 14» (?) thick and hasa slight 
depression on its posterior border. The spicules are 160 to 170 yp long. 
They are flat, somewhat bent chitinous rods, somewhat broadened at 
both ends, and the body of the spicules is marked 
with a distinct marbling (fig. 211). They are 
provided with chitinous lateral lamellae in which 
are chitinous rods, some simple and some distally 
bifurcate, set at right angles 
to the longitudinal axis of the 
spicule. The rods are thicker 
in the proximal portion of 
the spicule and always end 
bluntly. In the distal por- 
tion of the spicule the lamel- 
lae become wider and the 
rods in them become thinner, 
so that on the distal end they 
are only appreciable on the 
extruded spicule as very fine 
lines on the thin lateral 
lamellae. The lamellae are 
directed toward one another 
distally, but curve gradually 
around the spicule proxi- 
mally. A long retractor mus- 
cle inserts in the proximal 
swelling of the spicule and 

Fic. 200. -SYNTHETOCAU -yroceeds . anteriorly ..to, its, 112: nen a 

LUS PULMONALIS. AN- are J LUSPULMONALIS. Pos- 

TERIOR ExtREMITY. OF1QIN 1 the cuticle of the lat- — rerior exrnmmry or 

ee oe AFTER eral body wall, while a more MALE. X 150. AFTER 

PASSERINI, 1884. RAILLIET, 1893. 

complex muscle serves for the 
extrusion of the spicule. With the spicules retracted, the unpaired 
accessory structure lies between them in their distal portion. In its 
general outline this structure is chevron-shaped, with the point of 
the chevron directed anteriorly, and consists of six to eight sickle- 
shaped chitinous structures projecting from a center and toothed on 
the inner concave side. It is a fixed structure and occupies the same 
position in the body regardless of whether the spicules are extruded 
or retracted. The paired accessory structures are located in the 
bursal region and are approximately parallel structures 33 » long. 





No. 2181. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALLTD. 165 





These structures consist of a broad, slightly bent stem, terminating 
posteriorly in a small, thick end plate. They curve postero-ventrally 
and are apparently homologous with the single accessory piece of 
other nematodes. The body terminates posteriorly in a chitinous 
ring which consists of two arcs, convex postero- 
laterally, and meeting at an angle in a depression 
in the mid-dorsal line. 

Female 28 to 58 mm. long and 135 to 154 p 
thick. The tail subconical and bluntly pointed. 
The anus is very close to the tip of the tail (fig. 
212). The vulva is just 
anterior of the anus and is 
200 to 260 » (?) from the 
tip of the tail. The vagina 
is 2 to 2.4 mm. (2) long. Fic. 211—SyntuEtocav- 

LUS PULMONALIS. PART 
There are two convergent of spicutz. GREATLY 
uteri. Eggs are elliptical, ees pEtke 
very thin shelled, and 92to = == 
118 » long and 62 to 81 w thick. They show no 
trace of segmentation at oviposition. The em- 
brvo has a tail prolonged by an undulate 
appendix. 

Ilost—Lepus europaeus (Lepus timidus). 

Location—Bronchi, bronchioles, and pul- 
monary parenchyma. 

Localities —France, Germany, Austria, Italy. 

Following the views of most other writers, 
the various species of worms from the lungs of 
Lepus timidus in Europe, described as stron- 
gyles, trichosomes, or filariae, have been re- 
garded here as Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. 
Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus) has 
been omitted as a host, following the view ex- 
pressed by Neveu-Lemaire (1912) that the oc- 
casional cases of verminous pneumonia in the 
domesticated rabbit were due to Synthetocaulus 

Fig. 212—Synruerocautus Tufescens. 1 have accepted this view on his 

PUIMONAUE, ~ HOSTERIOS’ authority, but. in. the: absence.of.any ‘material 

EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. , : : : 

ENtarcrp. Arter Pas- 1t 1s impossible for me to pass on it one way or 

SERINI, 1884. another. 

Synthetocaulus pulmonalis has received considerable study and is 
in need of more. Mueller (1889) and Passerini (1884) have made 
very interesting studies. The measurements given by Mueller and 
accepted as correct by Doctor (1907) are somewhat puzzling. They 
are expressed in terms of the symbol (’ ’ ’)commonly used to denote 





166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





“lines,” a line being equal to one-twelfth of an inch. If converted 
into metric measurements on this bases, the measurements are so 
obviously multiples of those given by other writers that this can not 
be correct. Assuming that the symbols are intended to denote milli- 
meters, they still give figures in excess of those given by other writers, 
suggesting that there was a fixed error in his scale of measurements 
or that other writers are in error in their measurements. Where the 
measurements given by Mueller are cited above, they are queried. 
For the sake of completeness they are given in full here: 

Male 30 to 40 ’”’ long and 0.12 to 0.18 ’”’ thick. Length of esopha- 
gus 0.82 ’’’.. Bursa 0.1 to 0.14 ’”’ wide. Dorsal ray 0.004 to 0.007 ’”” 
broad, or 0.036 ’’’ with its border. Spicules 0.17 to 0.18 ’’’ long. 
Paired accessory structures 0.042 to 0.05 ’’” long. 

Female 70 ’’’ long and 0.16 to 0.2 ’’’ thick. Vagina 1 to 1.2 ’”’ 
long and 0.2 to 0.26 ’’’ from the tip of the tail. Eggs 0.09 to 0.1 ’’’ 
long and 0.06 to 0.08 ’’’ thick. . 

Doctor (1907) has made a study of the clinical and pathological 
aspects of infestation with this worm. He finds the initial stages 
characterized by bronchitis and peribronchitis. Secondarily there 
occurs bronchiectasis, collapse of the alveolar groups, and atelectasis. 
The changes follow a pneumonic process which is different from 
others in that it is characterized by extended epithelial desquama- 
tion and a diffuse, progressive course, from which it may be known 
as a desquamative pneumonia. This may heal by a regeneration of 
the denuded epithelium accompanied by hyperemia. If the worm 
invasion was massive, or if weak respiration or absence of expectora- 
tion- hinders the elimination of the exudate due to the parasite, there 
follows a tissue necrosis by progressive caseation, which may show 
as a caseous bronchitis and caseous pneumonia. ‘This may determine 
extensive destruction of lung tissue or induration. 


. 


SYNTHETOCAULUS RUFESCENS (Leuckart, 1865a@) Railliet and Henry, 1907a. 


Synonyms.—Nematoideum ovis (pulmonale) Diesing, 1851; 
Strongylus rufescens Leuckart, 1865; Strongylus minutissimus Még- 
nin, 1878; Pseudalius ovis pulmonalis A. Koch, 1883; Strongylus ovis 
pulmonalis Diesing of Curtice, 1890; Aetastrongylus minutissimus 
(Méegnin, 1878) Sluiter and Swellengrebel, 1912. 

Specific diagnosis —Synthetocaulus (p. 163): Body filiform, with 
a characteristic reddish-brown tint due to the coloring of the ali- 
mentary tract. Mouth with three small lips and with four circumoral 
papillae. No cervical alae. 

Male 16 to 28 mm. long and 500 » thick. The simple esophagus 
enlarges slightly posteriorly. The bursa is small, excised anteriorly 
and with two small indentations on each side (fig. 218). The spicules 
are 110 to 310 uw long, and are cylindrical in the anterior half and 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 167 


flattened in the posterior half (fig. 214). A chitinous lamella ex- 
tends along the entire spicule and the posterior half of the spicule 
is scalloped along its median border to form a pectinate edge. The 
chitinous lamellae of the posterior half of the 
spicules are bent around to form a tubular struc- 
ture. The paired accessory structures are 50 to 
52 mw long, slightly recurved at their distal ex- 
tremity and presenting three or four teeth on the 
convexity of the curve. : 

Female 25 to 85 mm. long and 170 » thick. The 
sibel 





Vic. 215.—SYNTHETO- 
CAULUS RUFESCENS. 





Fic. 213.—SYNTHETOCAU- 


LUS RUFESCENS. POs- Tia. 214. —SYNTHETOCAU- POSTERIOR EX- 
TERIOR EXTREMITY OF LUS RUFESCENS.  SPIC- TREMITY OF FEMALE. 
MALE. X 100. AFTER ULES. ENLARGED. AFTER ENLARGED. AFTER 
RAILLIET, 1893. CURTICE, 1890. CURTICE, 1890. 


tail is subconical and ends in a blunt point (fig. 215). The anus is 80 
» from the tip of the tail. The vulva is just anterior of the anus and 
is 100 » from the tip of the tail. The vagina proceeds anteriorly from 
the vulva and divides to form the convergent uteri. The eggs are 
ellipsoidal, 75 to 120 » long and 40 to 85 yp thick, with no trace of 
segmentation when oviposited. 

fHost.—Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus). (Commonly in 
ungulates. ) 

Location.—Bronchioles and pulmonary parenchyma. 

Locality.— Europe. 

As noted in comment on the foregoing species, I have followed 
Neveu-Lemaire in accepting records of lung worm from Lepus cuni- 


culus as Syn. rufescens. ‘ 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Subfamily RICTULARIINABER Fall, 19138. 


Synonym.—Riticularinae Travassos, 19146. 

Subfamily diagnosis —Metastrongylidae (p. 162): Bursa much re- 
duced or lacking; when present, with few and atypical rays. Mouth 
with well-developed buccal capsule. Prominent cuticular ornamenta- 
tion along entire body. Oviparous. Parasites of the digestive tract. 

Type-genus.—fRictularia Froelich, 1802. 

In the published diagnosis of this subfamily (Hall, 1913) I re- 
ferred to it as ovoviviparous, using the word in the not uncommon 
sense as meaning the oviposition of eggs containing well-developed 
embryos. This use of the word seems hardly accurate, ovoviviparous 
referring more properly to the production of an embryo within a 
shell and the hatching of the embryo within the maternal uterus. 

In the paper noted above, I stated that 2ictularia did not have the 
normal strongyle bursa and that the elaborate cuticular ornamenta- 
tion and the fact that the eggs contained a developed embryo when 
oviposited are atypical conditions among the strongyles. I stated, 
however, that the buccal capsule which related Rictularia to the 
strongyles excluded it from any other group. Seurat (19157) has 
recently published the view that the buccal capsule here is not indica- 
tive of any real relationship but is merely the result of convergence 
due to a similar mode of life, and that the structure of the esophagus, 
the position of the post-cervical papillae and the excretory pore, the 
conformation of the ovijector, the form of the eggs, and the disposition 
of the genital papillae present manifest affinities with Physaloptera 
and related forms. While Seurat’s suggestion merits serious consid- 
eration, the present writer does not feel in a position to pass on the 
relationship at this time and prefers to leave these forms with the 
Metastrongylidae. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF RICTULAKIINAE, 


1. Cuticle ornamented with 2 longitudinal rows of spines_——-~ Rictularia, p. 168. 
Cuticle ornamented with 8 longitudinal rows of spines__Rictularioides, p. 175. 


Genus RICTULARIA Froelich, 1802. 


Synonyms.—O phiostoma Rudolphi, 1801; Ophiostomum Creplin, 
1839; Laphyctes Dujardin, 1845; Pterygodermatites Wedl, 1861. 

Generic diagnosis —Rictulariinae (p. 168) : Buccal capsule well de- 
veloped and narrow, with its aperture more or less distinctly dorsal 
and surrounded by a circlet of denticles, and with its base armed 
with teeth and spines. Along practically the entire ventral surface 
of each side there are two rows of cuticular combs or spines. Male 
with or without bursa; the bursa whgn present is always small and 
always remains open. Two small, equal or unequal spicules. Vulva 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 169 





anterior, near the posterior end of the esophagus. Oviparous, the 
egg containing a well-developed embryo when oviposited. Parasitic 
in the small intestine as a rule. 

Type-species.—Rictularia cristata Froelich, 1802. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF RICTULARIA. 


1. Female less than 15 mm. long; about 84 cuticular combs in each row from 
the head to the transition point near vulva__Rictularia coloradensis, p. 173. 
Female more than 15 mm. long; less than 80 or more than 40 combs in the 


row from the head to the transition point near vulva__________-________ 2; 
2. Female with 50 combs from head to transition point__Rictularia fallax, p. 171. 
Female with not over 20 combs from head to transition point___---_______ ae 


oo 


. Female with 2 cervical alae with small spines on edges. 
Rictularia elvirae, p. 170. 
Remale without cervical ala@sii--2 _--__ 3-4) 8 Rictularia cristata, p. 169. 
No male of the above species is known except that of 2. colora- 
densis. See Addendum for Rictularia proni Seurat, 1915. 


RICTULARIA CRISTATA Froelich, 1802. 


Synonyms.—O phiostoma cristatum (Froelich, 1802) Rudolphi, 
1819; Ophiostomum cristatum (Froelich, 1802) Diesing, 1851. 

Specifie diagnosis —Rictularia (p. 168) : 

Male unknown. 

Female 22 to 27 mm. long (Dujardin gives this as 
16 to 66 mm. long and 400 p» to 1.82 mm. thick). Red 
when freshly collected. Head 280 p» in diameter. 
Esophagus simple, 4.3 mm. long and 300 p» thick. The 
head (fig. 216) terminates in a thick lip, rounded in 
the form of a helmet, and bears several small papillae. 





Fig. 216.—Ricrv- 
LARIA CRISTATA. 


The mouth aperture is transverse, reniform, or semi- — Ayrerior Ex- 
circular, and is 180 » in diameter. It is bordered an- yey nw. 
teriorly by a row of a dozen small teeth and also poste- — Laraup. Ar 


TER FROELICH, 


riorly by a row of 12 to 15 small teeth borne on the in- 5,55 


ferior lip. The vulva is a large transverse slit located 

just back of the posterior end of the esophagus and a little lateral of 
the ventral line (fig. 217). The vagina passes posteriorly from this 
and is 1.8 mm. long and 260 » thick. This bifurcates to form two con- 
vergent uteri, 150 » long or longer, terminating in filiform ovaries. 
Eggs elliptical, with an inner thick shell 41 » long and an outer thin 
shell 50 » long. Eggs with well-developed embryo when oviposited. 
The cuticle bears from the head to the vulva two rows of 18 to 20 cuti- 
cular combs, finely striated, set close together, and not very prominent. 
One or more combs visible posterior of the vulva. (A row of widely 
spaced cuticular spines is probably present from the vulva to the 
posterior end of the body.) The thick conical tail is short and blunt 


170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





and terminates in a short, fine transparent point. The anus is 400 p 
from the tip of the tail. 

Hosts —Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), Glis glis (Myouxus 
glis), Dyromys nitedula (Myouus nitedula, Myoxus dryas), Muscar- 
dinus avellanarius (Myoxus avellanarius, Myoxus muscardinus). 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Localities —Germany, France, Austria. 

In a paper already cited (Hall, 1913) I have 
given the evidence indicating that Rictularia cris- 
tata conforms to the generic diagnosis in the pos- 
session of two rows of cuticular combs, instead of 
one row as given by Froelich and Dujardin. In 
the same paper I have noted that in species of 
Rictularia from rodents, contrary to the rule for 
species of this genus from carnivores, there is an 
abrupt transition from the elongate combs in the 
prevulvar region to the narrow spines in the post- 
vulvar region. In view of this fact, and of the 
expression by Dujardin of the fact that the combs 
themselves are not very prominent, it seems reason- 
ably safe to assert that spines, although not so far 
described from the post-vulvar region, will be 
found present on adequate study. 

i have noted above the wide range of measure- 
ments given by Dujardin for the length of this 
worm. Further study might show the presence of 
more than one species in so many host species 
and necessitate the designation of the typical ée- 
tularia cristata. 


RICTULARIA ELVIRAE Parona, 1889. 





: Snecifie diagnosis —Rictularia (p. 168): 
Fa. 217.—RICTULARIA Male unknown. 
cristata. Femate.  § Wemale 39 to 47 mm. long and 1.25 mm. thick. 
a, TWO-THIRDS NAT- ° . . 
URAL sim; b, uxn- Wo lateral alae are present in the cervical region. 
Re ane ER 'These are lobulate and each bears a cervical papilla 
th Sha a few millimeters posterior of the head (fig. 218). 
On the anterior surface of the head are two short papillae 45 p in 
diameter. The mouth aperture (fig. 219) is provided with three 
projections on its dorsal border and three corresponding projections 
on its ventral border. There are two large round papilliform pro- 
jections, 14 » in diameter, on the interior sides of the buccal capsule. 
The short esophagus is 21 » thick. The anus is near the tail. The 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. Vit 





tail terminates in a simple tip. There are the usual two series of 
cuticular spines extending from the head end to the anus. In the 


cervical region is a first series of 19 little spines 
fl 
jie aah eal 


(fig. 220). These spines are very small at first, 
ee 
oe Sif 
Beco 


then a little larger, and then small again. A sec- 
ond series of 32 pairs, spaced at distinct intervals, 
follows this after a short interval in which there 
are no spines; these in- 
crease in size posteriorly 
from the first, which is 
14 » long, to the last pair. 
The twenty-fifth, which 
is one of the largest, 
is 18 » long; the dis- 
tance between them in- 
creases gradually from 
Fig. 218.—Rrerurana the first to the last; there yg. o19—Rrerunarma ELVI- 

ELVIRAE. ANTERIOR jg q space of 1 mm. from = B4E. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY, 









= 
wasn nn ete 
ete sese teen, 


EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ee SHOWING MOUTH. APERTURE. 
ENLARGED. AFTER the twen ty -first and ENLARGED. AFTER PARONA, 
esr twenty-second pair,’and 1889. 


a space of 2 mm. from the twenty-ninth to the thirtieth; the last pair 
is 8.5 mm. from the tip of the tail. The eggs are 56 by 28 » in diam- 
eter and contain embryos when oviposited (fig. 221). 

[Tost—Dremomys rufigenis (Sciurus rufigenis). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality—Monte Mooleyit, Monti Dana, Tenas- 
serim. 

I do not find Parona’s description entirely clear. 
JigerskidlId (1909) has examined Parona’s types of 
this species and finds it a good species of unusual 
thickness. He states that there are 
26 combs and 82 spines. 


RICTULARIA FALLAX Jagerskiéld, 1909. 


Synonym—hictularia plagiostoma 
Wedl, 1862) Willemoes-Suhm, 1873 
’ ’ ; 
Fig. 220.—RIcTULA- 
mia ELviraz. An- OL Parona, 1898. 
= ° ° ° * . Fig. 221.—RIcTULA- 
TERIOR BEXTREM- EAT Crees 
ITY OF FEMALE. Specific diagnosis. fictularia (p- RIA ELVIRAE. Eaa. 
ENLARGED AFTER 168) : ENLARGED. AFTER 


PARONA, 1889. Male unknown. pratt aro 

Female 20 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 750 ». Esoph- 
agus 2.960 mm. long. Nerve ring (?) 240 » from the anterior end of 
body. Anus 200 » from posterior end of body (fig. 222). Vulva 3.44 
mm. from the anterior end of the body, and behind the posterior end 
of the esophagus (fig. 223). Eggs 44 by 27 » in diameter. Each row 





AZ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





of cuticular markings con- 
tains 50 combs and about 34 
spines. The forty-second 
comb les just anterior of the 
vulva. Posterior of the vulva 
are eight combs, followed by 
the sharper, narrower spines. 
The highest combs, from the 
sixteenth to the twenty-fourth 
pair, are about 110 » high and 
110 » long. The combs lying 
nearest the vulva are longer, 
150 p» long, but are not so 
high, being only 50 » high. 



















Fia. 222.—RICTULARIA FALLAX. POSTERIOR 
EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. X 28. AFTER 
JAGERSKIOLD, 1909. 

The first and largest spine is 
about 150 p» long. 

Lost.—Sciurus melanogaster. 
Location.—Intestine. 

Locality —Mentawei, south of 
Sumatra. 

This species, regarded by 
Parona (1898) as identical with 
Rictularia plagiostoma, has been 
examined by Jiigerskidld (1909) 
who finds it to be a new species. 
Tle gives a comparative study of 
R. fallae and LR. plagiostoma. 
He states that the structure of 
the buccal capsule was not deter- 
mined owing to the condition of 
material. Also he notes that the 
measurement for the nerve ring, 
given above, may be wrong 
owing to the opacity of the mate- Fig. 223.—RicrULARIA FALLAX. ANTERIOR EX- 
rial and the difficulty of locating = an of eee ane oF STEW > weetee: 
the nerve ring. 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 173 





RICTULARIA COLORADENSIS Hall, 1916, new species. ; 


Specific diagnosis —Rictularia (p. 168): 

Male 3 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 250 uw. Dorso- 
ventral head diameter at the base of the buccal capsule about 70 p. 
Esophagus 875 » long. Nerve 
ring 100 » from the anterior 
end of the body. The cuticle 
is transversely striate, forming 
annuli 7 to 16 » wide. Stria- 
tions are not visible posterior 
of the cloacal aperture. There 
are 42 pairs of combs (fig. 224), 
extending from the head almost 
to the cloacal aperture, the line 
of combs being continued pos- 
teriorly by a low cuticular 
ridge. The first comb ante- 
riorly is 16 p, distinctly less 
than its own length, posterior 
of the base of the buccal cap- 
sule. The maximum size-is at- 
tained by the posterior combs 
vhich are about 75 p long and 
48 » high. There are no mid- 
ventral fans in the posterior re- 
gion, such as are observed in 
species of Rictularia from car- 
nivores. There is no bursa. 
The cloacal aperture is  sit- 





Tia. 224.—RIcTULARIA COLORADENSIS. MALE. 


uated on an elevation and 
is 165 » from the tip of 
the blunt, conical tail (fig. 
225). There is a papilla 
in the median line on the 
anterior slope of the ele- 
vation bearing the cloacal ey 
aper ture. Immediately Pia, 225.—RICTULARIA COLORADENSIS. POSTERIOR 
anterior of this is 2 pair EXTREMITY OF MALE, ENLARGED. 

of papillae. Another papilla is in the median line on the pos- 
terior slope of the elevation bearing the cloacal aperture. An- 
other pair is just posterior of this. Two more pairs are located 


174 ’ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





not far anterior of the tip of the tail. The spicules are unequal, 
slightly curved, the right one 145 » long and the left one 180 p 
long, measured in a straight line from tip to tip. The maximum 
thickness is 18 to 16 ». The mouth has the structure characteristic 
of the genus, but few details are visible in the specimen available. 
Two large and prominent teeth, one dorsal 
and one ventral of the esophageal lumen, are 
visible in a latero-dorsal view of the head 
(fig. 226). These teeth are continuous with 
the other chitinous structures of the mouth 
capsule and are borne on the chitinous plate 
which makes up the base of the capsule and 
is itself a continuation of the walls of the 
capsule. There is apparently another tooth 
on each side of the 
large ventral tooth. 

Fic, 226.—Ricrutarta corora- Lhe mouth aperture 

DENSIS.  LATERO-DORSAL jg surrounded by a 

VIEW OF HEAD OF MALE, . 

corona radiata, a 
small circlet of denticles. Only the ventral 
head papillae are visible in the available 
specimen. 

Female, estimated length about 9 to 10 
mm., based on an incomplete specimen 8.463 
mm. long with the posterior extremity miss- 
ing. Maximum thickness 360 ». Thickness 
at vulva 270 p. Head 120 » in diameter at 
the base of the buccal capsule. Esophagus 
1.5 mm. long. Nerve ring 250 » from the 
anterior end of the body. Vulva opposite 
posterior end of esophagus and therefore 1.5 
mm. from anterior end of body; between 
the thirty-first and thirty-second comb (fig. 
297). The transition from combs to spines is 
fairly distinct, but by no means abrupt. 
There are three combs posterior of the vulva, i) 
making a total of 34 combs. The post- ~ Xomm. 
vulvar combs are of a transitional type, com- We. 227.—Ricrutarta corora- 
bining the length of a comb with the sharp Hey eee eer 
point of a spine. The anterior end of 
the first comb in the head region extends anterior of the base 
of the buccal capsule. There are 30 spines of a fairly uniform 
type following the combs, but as the specimen is incomplete 
posteriorly this does not represent the total number present in this 
species. The combs attain a maximum height of about 42 p. The 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 1715 





spines attain a maximum length of about 75 » from the anterior 
portion of the base to the end of the posteriorly directed tip. The 
transverse cuticular striations are 5 to 11 » wide over most of the 
body, but on the outside of a curve they 
may be extended to 30 » or more. ‘The 
eggs are about 388 by 22 p» in diameter 
and contain a well-developed embryo 
when oviposited. There are two chiti- 
nous cutting plates borne on the base 
of the buccal capsule and situated one 
on each side of the esophageal opening 
(fig. 228). The lateral and dorsal head 
papillae are visible in the available 
specimen, but the ventral are not. 

ost.—Eutamias quadrivittatus. 

Location—Small intestine (male) 
and stomach (female). 


a : re Giese , 
Locality.— Pagosa Springs, Colo- Fic. 228.—RICTULAKIA COLORADENSIS. 


rado. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, 
n. T., NERVE RING. 





Type-specimens.—No. 16569, U. S. 
N. M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection). 

I am indebted for this material, as for cther material acknowl- 
edged elsewhere, to the courtesy of Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado 
Springs, who turned over to me 
the host material, preserved in 
alcohol, from Ses the worms 
were collected. 





: RICTULARIOIDES Hall 
a. - 1916, new genus. 


Fa. 229.—RICTULARIOIDES AMPHIACANTHUM. S ynonym.—Rictularia Froelich, 
HEAD OF FEMALE, a, LATERAL VIEW; b, VIEW P 
FROM THE FRONT. ENLARGED. Arter Dies. 1802, of authors, part; Ophiosto- 
BHP TES: mum Creplin, 1839, part. 
Generic diagnosis.—Rictulariinae (p. 168): Head with four pro- 
Jecting apices united by chitinous membranes to form two equal lips 
(fig. 229). Female with three series of simple, posteriorly directed 
hooks along the body. Male unknown. 
Type-species—Rictularioides amphiacanthum (Diesing, 1851) 
Hall, 1916. 


RICTULARIOIDES AMPHIACANTHUM (Diesing, 1851) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—O phiostomum amphiacanthum Diesing, 1851; Rectu- 
laria amphiacanthum (Diesing, 1851) von Drasche, 1882. 
Specific diagnosis.—ictularioides (p. 175): 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Male unknown. 

Female 8 to 11.5 mm. long and 1 mm. thick. Body attenuate ante- 
riorly and very much thicker posteriorly (fig. 280). The posterior 
extremity of the body terminates in a long, rounded, mucronate tip 





230. 232. 233, 


Figs. 230-233.—RICTULARIOIDES AMPHIACANTHUM. 230, FEMALE. a, NATURAL SIZE; b, ENLARGED; c, 
PORTION OF BODY. AFTER DIESING, 1857. 231, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER 
DIESING, 1857. 232, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, SHOWING 3 ROWS OF SPINES. ENLARGED 
AFTER DIESING, 1857. 233, PROFILE VIEW OF CUTICULAR SPINES. ENLARGED. AFTER DIESING, 1897. 


(fig. 231). The cuticle bears three longitudinal series (fig. 282) of 
strong, posteriorly directed hooks (fig. 233). 

Host.—Oxymycterus rufus (Lenvmus dasytrichus). 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality —Ytareré, Brazil. 

Jiigerskidld (1909) has noted that if Diesing’s descriptions and fig- 
ures are correct, this species can not remain in the genus Rictularia. 
In view of the fact that Diesing (1857) has revised his description 
to cover the presence of three rows of hooks instead of two, and in 
view of the fact that von Drasche (1882) has examined the speci- 
mens and found no changes in the description necessary, it seems de- 


No. 2131: NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 161 





Ty pe-species.—IT eligmosomoides linstowi Hall, 1916. 
I am not sure that my interpretation of von Linstow’s figures of 
the bursa is correct. The figures present some peculiarities. 


HELIGMOSOMOIDES LINSTOWI Hall, 1916, new name. 


Synonym.—Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, 1845, of von Lin- 
stow, 18786 and 1879a. 

Specifie diagnosis —Heligmosomoides (p. 160): Worm, reddish, 
spirally coiled. Mouth aperture triangular with four circumoral 
papillae. Cuticle dilated about head and with 16 longitudinal stria- 
tions, in part wavy, along 
body. Transverse stria- 
tions present and spaced at 
about the same interval as 
the longitudinal. 

Mate 4 mm. long and 78 p 
thick. The bursa structure 
is that given in the generic 
diagnosis. ‘The spicules are 
540 » long. 

Female 7.2 mm. long and 
96 » thick. The anus is 98 
p from the tip of the tail, 
the tail ending in a fine 
terminal point 16 » long. 
The vulva is anterior, 240 
pw from the anterior end. 
The vagina is 720 » long 
and is directed posteriorly 
ipresunaably jou am Fig. 207.—HELIGMOSOMOIDES TT ee ee 
ovijector 180 pe long (fig. LINSTOWI. VAGINA AND EMBRYO. ENLARGED. 
207). At the anterior end Aes See sel a WON ee 
of this is a spherical body. 

Anterior of the latter is a muscular uterus 180 » long and anterior 
of this is the ovary. The eggs are 75 by 43 » in diameter. 

Life history—tIn eggs placed in moist earth embryos (fig. 208) 
develop in eight days. The embryo is 310 » long and 28 yp thick. 
The mouth has two conical projections and the tail is awl-shaped. 
The esophagus is 1/2.4 and the tail 1/47 of the total body length. 

Host—Microtus arvalis (Arvicola campestris). 

Location.—Intestine, partly in saclike depressions apparently 
caused by the worm. 

Locality Germany. 

10600°—Proce.N.M.vol.50—16——11 








162 PROOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. * VOL. 50. 





This species is described by von Linstow (18785 and 1879a) as 
Strongylus polygyrus Dujardin, but unless the figures of other spe- 
cies are misleading in conveying the idea that there is one branching 
dorsal ray, or unless von Linstow has erred in figuring his material 
as having two dorsal rays and in stating that the vulva is anterior, 
we are bound to conclude that von Linstow’s species is not even con- 
generic with Dujardin’s. On the available evidence, I have regarded 
his species as new and erected a new genus for it. His terminology 
in regard to the female genitalia is not in accordance with present- 
day terminology and I have altered it accordingly in the above 
diagnosis. He also makes the statement that the spherical body an- 
terior of the uterus is composed of unicellular glands which empty 
their secretion into the Jumen. While this may be correct, it might 
also be noted that a somewhat spherical muscular structure is a 
common feature of the ends of the ovijectors. 


Family METASTRONGYLIDAE Leiper, 1908. 


Family diagnosis—Strongyloidea (p. 106): Polymyarian. Buccal 
capsule present or absent. Bursa present or absent; when present, 
frequently atypical in structure and number of rays. Oviparous, 
with eggs in variable stages of segmentation when oviposited, or 
viviparous. Embryo not rhabditiform. Usually in respiratory and 
circulatory systems, rarely in digestive system. 

Type-genus.—M etastrongylus Molin, 1861a. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF METASTRONGYLIDAE. 


ue Buccal cCapsulesabsent= 2.5 Sh ae Se Metastrongylinae, p. 162. 
Buceal: capsule present. 2222" Se So Se ee ee ee ee 2: 

2. Bursa much reduced or lacking; when present, with few and atypical rays. 
FIO) e OM ELT LS Se se os EI erie et oe Rictulariinae, p. 168. 
Bursa well developed, with typical rays. One ovary___-~- Ollulaninae, p. 177. 


Subfamily MHTASTRONGYLINAE Leiper, 1908. 


Subfamily diagnosis—Metastrongylidae (p. 162): Buccal capsule 
absent. Male with two equal spicules and female with two ovaries. 
Eggs in varying stages of development when oviposited. Embryo 
not rhabditiform. Parasitic in the respiratory and circulatory 
systems. 

Type-genus.—M etastrongylus Molin, 1861a. 

The life history in this group is not as yet very well ascertained. 
Romanovitch and Slavine (1914) state that when eggs of Dictyocaulus 
filaria are placed in water, embryos form, two ecdyses follow, the 
cuticle being retained, and that such encapsuled larvae produce 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 163 


infection with the adult worm when fed to sheep. This points to a 
direct development without intermediate host for the worms in this 
group. The fact that lungworms have been found in newborn ani- 
mals and in the fetus, suggests that the life history is not entirely a 
simple one. 


Genus SYNTHETOCAULUS Railliet and Henry, 1907. 


Syonym.—Strongylus Mueller, 1780, part, of authors. 

Generic diagnosis —Metastrongylinae (p. 162): Body capillary. 
Mouth with three lips. Posterior extremity of the body of the male 
reinforced by a chitinous are. Bursa with the ventro-ventral and 
latero-ventral rays close together and parallel, and with the medio- 
lateral and postero-lateral rays close together and parallel. The 
dorsal rays are united in a thick trunk of quite disproportionate size. 
Two punctate, striate, or pectinate spicules, slightly bent. Between 
the spicules and at some distance anterior of the bursa is an unpaired 
chitinous accessory structure forming an angle open to the rear. In 
the bursa region are two paired chitinous accessory structures, elon- 
gate and approximately parallel. Vulva a little in front of the anus. 
Uteri convergent. [Eggs without a trace of segmentation when ovi- 
posited. Embryo with a tail prolonged by an undulate appendix. 

Type-species.—Synthetocaulaus pulmonalis (Froelich, 1802) Hall, 
1916. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF SYNTHETOCAULUS. 


1. Parallel accessory organs of male 83 « long__Synthetocaulus pulmonalis, p. 163. 
Parallel accessory organs of male 50 » long___Synthetocaulus rufescens, p. 166. 


SYNTHETOCAULUS PULMONALIS (Froelich, 1802) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—f ilaria pulmonalis Froelich, 1802 ; Strongylus retortae- 
jormis major Rudolphi, 1819; Filaria leporis pulmonalis Rudolphi, 
1819; Capillaria pulmonalis Rudolphi, 1819; Strongylus commutatus 
Diesing, 1851; Filaria leporis pulmonalis Froelich, 1802, of Diesing, 
1851; Prichosomum leporis Dujardin, 1845, of Diesing, 1851; Tricho- 
somum leporis (pulmonale) Diesing of Diesing, 1851; Filaria termi- 
nalis Passerini, 1884; Synthetocaulus commutatus (Diesing, 1851) 
Railliet and Henry, 1907. 

Specific diagnosis—Synthetocaulus (p.163): Body filiform. <An- 
terior extremity attenuated and head obtuse. Mouth with three lips 
and with six very small circumoral papillae. The slender esophagus 
is slightly dilated posteriorly. The intestine is dark brown and is 
lined with polygonal cells. The excretory pore opens just behind the 
posterior end of the esophagus (fig. 209). 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





Male 18 to 33 mm. long and 100 p» thick. The esophagus is 665 p 
long. The small bursa is short and rounded and only very slightly 
incised dorsally (fig. 210). It is nearly transparent and readily 
overlooked. The arrangement of the bursal rays is that given in the 
generic diagnosis. The dorsal ray is8 to14p (?) thick and hasa slight 
depression on its posterior border. The spicules are 160 to 170 yp long. 
They are flat, somewhat bent chitinous rods, somewhat broadened at 
both ends, and the body of the spicules is marked 
with a distinct marbling (fig. 211). They are 
provided with chitinous lateral lamellae in which 
are chitinous rods, some simple and some distally 
bifurcate, set at right angles 
to the longitudinal axis of the 
spicule. The rods are thicker 
in the proximal portion of 
the spicule and always end 
bluntly. In the distal por- 
tion of the spicule the lamel- 
lae become wider and the 
rods in them become thinner, 
so that on the distal end they 
are only appreciable on the 
extruded spicule as very fine 
lines on the thin lateral 
lamellae. The lamellae are 
directed toward one another 
distally, but curve gradually 
around the spicule proxi- 
mally. A long retractor mus- 
cle inserts in the proximal 
swelling of the spicule and 

Fig, 209-—SYNTHETOCAU-  yroceeds anteriorly to its ?1¢.210-—Smmaene 

LUS PULMONALIS. AN- Ra era rye : LUS PULMONALIS. POs- 

TERIOR ExtREMITY. OY1QIN 1N the cuticle of the lat-  rrrior exrrewry oF 

Estanorn. Art eral body wall, while a more 25 Xue Am 

complex muscle serves for the 
extrusion of the spicule. With the spicules retracted, the unpaired 
accessory structure lies between them in their distal portion. In its 
general outline this structure is chevron-shaped, with the point of 
the chevron directed anteriorly, and consists of six to eight sickle- 
shaped chitinous structures projecting from a center and toothed on 
the inner concave side. It is a fixed structure and occupies the same 
position in the body regardless of whether the spicules are extruded 
or retracted. The paired accessory structures are located in the 
bursal region and are approximately parallel structures 33 » long. 





an ae 


No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 165 





These structures consist of a broad, slightly bent stem, terminating 
posteriorly in a small, thick end plate. They curve postero-ventrally 
and are apparently homologous with the single accessory piece of 
other nematodes. The body terminates posteriorly in a chitinous 
ring which consists of two ares, convex postero- 
laterally, and meeting at an angle in a depression 
im the mid-dorsal line. 

Female 28 to 58 mm. long and 185 to 154 p» 
thick. The tail subconical and bluntly pointed. 
The anus is very close to the tip of the tail (fig. 
212). The vulva is just 
anterior of the anus and is 
200 to 260 » (?) from the 
tip of the tail. The vagina sae 
is 2 to 2.4 mm. (2) long. Fia. 211.—SYNTHETOCAU- 

7 LUS PULMONALIS. PART 
There are two convergent op spicute. GREATLY 
uteri. Eggs are elliptical, ea Sees 
very thin shelled, and 92to = 
118 » long and 62 to 81 » thick. They show no 
trace of segmentation at oviposition. The em- 
brvo has a tail prolonged by an undulate 
appendix. 

Lost—Lepus europaeus (Lepus timidus). 

Location.—Bronchi, bronchioles, and pul- 
monary parenchyma. 

Localities—F rance, Germany, Austria, Italy. 

IFollowing the views of most other writers, 
the various species of worms from the lungs of 
Lepus timidus in Europe, described as stron- 
gyles, trichosomes, or filariae, have been re- 
garded here as Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. 
Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus) has 
been omitted as a host, following the view ex- 
pressed by Neveu-Lemaire (1912) that the oc- 
casional cases of verminous pneumonia in the 
domesticated rabbit were due to Synthetocaulus 

Fic. 212—Syntuetocautus Tufescens. I have accepted this view on his 

PULMONALIS. POSTERIOR authority, but in the absence of any material 

EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. , , : 

Entarcep. Arrer Pas- 1t is impossible for me to pass on it one way or 

Bere another. 

Synthetocaulus pulmonalis has received considerable study and is 
in need of more. Mueller (1889) and Passerini (1884) have made 
very interesting studies. The measurements given by Mueller and 
accepted as correct by Doctor (1907) are somewhat puzzling. They 
are expressed in terms of the symbol (’ ’ ’)commonly used to denote 





166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 50. 





“lines,” a line being equal to one-twelfth of an inch. If converted 
into metric measurements on this bases, the measurements are so 
obviously multiples of those given by other writers that this can not 
be correct. Assuming that the symbols are intended to denote milli- 
meters, they still give figures in excess of those given by other writers, 
suggesting that there was a fixed error in his scale of measurements 
or that other writers are in error in their measurements. Where the 
measurements given by Mueller are cited above, they are queried. 
For the sake of completeness they are given in full here: 

Male 30 to 40 ’’’ long and 0.12 to 0.18 ’”” thick. Length of esopha- 
gus 0.82 ’’’. Bursa 0.1 to 0.14 ’’’ wide. Dorsal ray 0.004 to 0.007 ’”’ 
broad, or 0.036 ’’’ with its border. Spicules 0.17 to 0.18 ’’” long. 
Paired accessory structures 0.042 to 0.05 ’’’ long. 

Female 70 ’’’ Jong and 0.16 to 0.2 ’’’ thick. Vagina 1 to 1.2 ’”” 
long and 0.2 to 0.26 ’”’ from the tip of the tail. Eggs 0.09 to 0.1 ’’’ 
long and 0.06 to 0.08 ’’” thick. 

Doctor (1907) has made a study of the clinical and pathological 
aspects of infestation with this worm. He finds the initial stages 
characterized by bronchitis and peribronchitis. Secondarily there 
occurs bronchiectasis, collapse of the alveolar groups, and atelectasis. 
The changes follow a pneumonic process which is different from 
others in that it is characterized by extended epithelial desquama- 
tion and a diffuse, progressive course, from which it may be known 
as a desquamative pneumonia. This may heal by a regeneration of 
the denuded epithelium accompanied by hyperemia. If the worm 
invasion was massive, or if weak respiration or absence of expectora- 
tion hinders the elimination of the exudate due to the parasite, there 
follows a tissue necrosis by progressive caseation, which may show 
as a caseous bronchitis and caseous pneumonia. This may determine 
extensive destruction of lung tissue or induration. 


SYNTHETOCAULUS RUFESCENS (Leuckart, 1865a) Railliet and Henry, 1907a. 





Synonyms.—Nematoideum ovis (pulmonale) Diesing, 1851; 
Strongylus rufescens Leuckart, 1865; Strongylus minutissimus Még- 
nin, 1878; Pseudalius ovis pulmonalis A. Koch, 1883; Strongylus ovis 
pulmonalis Diesing of Curtice, 1890; A/etastrongylus minutissimus 
(Mégnin, 1878) Sluiter and Swellengrebel, 1912. 

Specific diagnosis —Synthetocaulus (p. 163): Body filiform, with 
a characteristic reddish-brown tint due to the coloring of the ali- 
mentary tract. Mouth with three small lips and with four circumoral 
papillae. No cervical alae. 

Male 16 to 28 mm. long and 500 » thick. The simple esophagus 
enlarges slightly posteriorly. The bursa is small, excised anteriorly 
and with two small indentations on each side (fig. 213). The spicules 
are 110 to 310 » long, and are cylindrical in the anterior half and 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 167 


flattened in the posterior half (fig. 214). A chitinous lamella ex- 
tends along the entire spicule and the posterior half of the spicule 
is scalloped along its median border to form a pectinate edge. The 
chitinous. lamellae of the posterior half of the 
spicules are bent around to form a tubular struc- 
ture. The paired accessory structures are 50 to 
52 pw long, shghtly recurved at their distal ex- 
tremity and presenting three or four teeth on the 
convexity of the curve. 

Female 25 to 85 mm. long and 170 » thick. The 


ey 


i} | 
ih) 
H ile 


A tel 


Hi 


rk 1 


= —— 

















Tia. 215.—SYNTHETO- 
CAULUS RUFESCENS. 





Fic. 213.—SYNTHETOCAU- 


LUS RUFESCENS. POs- Tia. 214. — SYNTHETOCAU- POSTERIOR EX- 
TERIOR EXTREMITY OF LUS RUFESCENS.  SPIC- TREMITY OF FEMALE. 
MALE. X 100. AFTER ULES. ENLARGED. AFTER ENLARGED. AFTER 
RAILLuUET, 1893. CURTICE, 1890. CURTICE, 1890. 


tail is subconical and ends in a blunt point (fig. 215). The anus is 80 
» from the tip of the tail. The vulva is just anterior of the anus and 
is 100 » from the tip of the tail. The vagina proceeds anteriorly from 
the vulva and divides to form the convergent uteri. The eggs are 
ellipsoidal, 75 to 120 » long and 40 to 85 p» thick, with no trace of 
segmentation when oviposited. 

[Host—Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cuniculus). (Commonly in 
ungulates. ) 

Location—Bronchioles and pulmonary parenchyma. 

Locality —Europe. 

As noted in comment on the foregoing species, I have followed 
Neveu-Lemaire in accepting records of lung worm from Lepus cuni- 
culus as Syn. rufescens. 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Subfamily RICTULARIINAH Hall, 1913. 


Synonym.—Riticularinae Travassos, 19140, 

Subfamily diagnosis—Metastrongylidae (p. 162) : Bursa much re- 
duced or lacking; when present, with few and atypical rays. Mouth 
with well-developed buccal capsule. Prominent cuticular ornamenta- 
tion along entire body. Oviparous. Parasites of the digestive tract. 

Type-genus.—Rictularia Froelich, 1802. 

In the published diagnosis of this subfamily (Hall, 1913) I re- 
ferred to it as Gvoviviparous, using the word in the not uncommen 
sense as meaning the oviposition of eggs containing well-developed 
embryos. This use of the word seems hardly accurate, ovoviviparous 
referring more properly to the production of an embryo within a 
shell and the hatching of the embryo within the maternal uterus. 

In the paper noted above, I stated that Rictularia did not have the 
normal strongyle bursa and that the elaborate cuticular ornamenta- 
tion and the fact that the eggs contained a developed embryo when 
oviposited are atypical conditions among the strongyles. I stated, 
however, that the buccal capsule which related Azctularia to the 
strongyles excluded it from any other group. Seurat (19157) has 
recently published the view that the buccal capsule here is not indica- 
tive of any real relationship but is merely the result of convergence 
due to a similar mode of life, and that the structure of the esophagus, 
the position of the post-cervical papillae and the excretory pore, the 
conformation of the ovijector, the form of the eggs, and the disposition 
of the genital papillae present manifest affinities with Physaloptera 
and related forms. While Seurat’s suggestion merits serious consid- 
eration, the present writer does not feel in a position to pass on the 
relationship at this time and prefers to leave these forms with the 
Metastrongylidae. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF RICTULARIINAE. 


1. Cuticle ornamented with 2 longitudinal rows of spines___—~ Rictularia, p. 168. 
Cuticle ornamented with 3 longitudinal rows of spines__Rictularioides, p. 175. 


Genus RICTULARIA Froelich, 1802. 


Synonyms.—O phiostoma Rudolphi, 1801; Ophiostomum Creplin, 
1839; Laphyctces Dujardin, 1845; Pterygodermatites Wedl, 1861. 

Generic diagnosis.—Rictulariinae (p. 168) : Buccal capsule well de- 
veloped and narrow, with its aperture more or less distinctly dorsal 
and surrounded by a circlet of denticles, and with its base armed 
with teeth and spines. Along practically the entire ventral surface 
of each side there are two rows of cuticular combs or spines. Male 
with or without bursa; the bursa when present is always small and 
always remains open. Two small, equal or unequal spicules. Vulva 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 169 





anterior, near the posterior end of the esophagus. Oviparous, the 
egg containing a well-developed embryo when oviposited. Parasitic 
in the small intestine as a rule. 

Ty pe-species.—Rictularia cristata Froelich, 1802. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF RICTULARIA., 


1. Female less than 15 mm. long; about 34 cuticular combs in each row from 
the head to the transition point near vulva__Rictularia coloradensis, p. 173. 
Female more than 15 mm. long; less than 80 or more than 40 combs in the 


row from the head to the transition point near vulva______-_--__-______ Ze 
2. Female with 50 combs from head to transition point__Rictularia fallax, p. 171. 
Female with not over 20 combs from head to transition point__-_________~ ae 


8. Female with 2 cervical alae with small spines on edges. 
Rictularia elwirae, p. 170. 
Female without cervical alae_______._-__ Rictularia cristata, p. 169. 
No male of the above species is known except that of 2. colora- 
densis. See Addendum for Rictularia proni Seurat, 1915. 


RICTULARIA CRISTATA Froelich, 1802. 


Synonyms.—O phiostoma cristatum (Froelich, 1802) Rudolphi, 
1819; Ophiostomum cristatum (Froelich, 1802) Diesing, 1851. 

Specific diagnosis —Rictularia (p. 168) : 

Male unknown. 

Female 22 to 27 mm. long (Dujardin gives this as 
16 to 66 mm. long and 400 p» to 1.32 mm. thick). Red 
when freshly collected. Head 280 » in diameter. 
Esophagus simple, 4.3 mm. long and 300 p» thick. The 
head (fig. 216) terminates in a thick lip, rounded in 
the form of a helmet, and bears several small papillae. peel icr 
The mouth aperture is transverse, reniform, or semi- — AnreRtor Ex- 
circular, and is 180 » in diameter. Itis bordered an- RN" UN 
teriorly by a row of a dozen small teeth and also poste- — Largup., Ar 
riorly by a row of 12 to 15 small teeth borne on the in- — jyvs *OPMCH 
ferior lip. The vulva is a large transverse slit located 
just back of the posterior end of the esophagus and a little lateral of 
the ventral line (fig. 217). The vagina passes posteriorly from this 
and is 1.3 mm. long and 260 » thick. ‘This bifurcates to form two con- 
vergent uteri, 150 » long or longer, terminating in filiform ovaries. 
Eggs elliptical, with an inner thick shell 41 » long and an outer thin 
shell 50 » long. Eggs with well-developed embryo when oviposited. 
The cuticle bears from the head to the vulva two rows of 18 to 20 cuti- 
cular combs, finely striated, set close together, and not very prominent. 
One or more combs visible posterior of the vulva. (A row of widely 
spaced cuticular spines is probably present from the vulva to the 
posterior end of the body.) The thick conical tail is short and blunt 





170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 50. 


and terminates in a short, fine transparent point. The anus is 400 p 
from the tip of the tail. 

Hosts —Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus sylvaticus), Glis glis (Myowus 
glis), Dyromys nitedula (Myoxus nitedula, Myoxus dryas), Muscar- 
dinus avellanarius (Myoxus avellanarius, Myouwus muscardinus). 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Localities —Germany, France, Austria. 

In a paper already cited (Hall, 1913) I have 
given the evidence indicating that Rictularia cris- 
tata conforms to the generic diagnosis in the pos- 
session of two rows of cuticular combs, instead of 
one row as given by Froelich and Dujardin. In 
the same paper I have noted that in species of 
Rictularia from rodents, contrary to the rule for 
species of this genus from carnivores, there is an 
abrupt transition from the elongate combs in the 
prevulvar region to the narrow spines in the post- 
vulvar region. In view of this fact, and of the 
expression by Dujardin of the fact that the combs 
themselves are not very prominent, it seems reason- 
ably safe to assert that spines, although not so far 
described from the post-vulvar region, will be 
found present on adequate study. 

I have noted above the wide range of measure- 
ments given by Dujardin for the length of this 
worm. Iurther study might show the presence of 
more than one species in so many host species 
and necessitate the designation of the typical Pic- 
tularia cristata. 


RICTULARIA ELVIRAE Parona, 1889. 





i Specific diagnosis—Rictularia (p. 168): 
Fi. 217.—RICTULARIA Male unknown. 
cristata. FeMaLe. Wemale 39 to 47 mm. long and 1.25 mm. thick. 
a, TWO-THIRDS NAT- : . : 
uraL size; b, rx. WO lateral alae are present in the cervical region. 
ee ene ae These are lobulate and each bears a cervical papilla 
nih a few millimeters posterior of the head (fig. 218). 
On the anterior surface of the head are two short papillae 45 p in 
diameter. The mouth aperture (fig. 219) is provided with three 
projections on its dorsal border and three corresponding projections 
on its ventral border. There are two large round papilliform pro- 
jections, 14 » in diameter, on the interior sides of the buccal capsule. 
The short esophagus is 21 » thick. The anus is near the tail. The 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 7 





tail terminates in a simple tip. There are the usual two series of 
cuticular spines extending from the head end to the anus. In the 
cervical region is a first series of 19 little spines 
(fig. 220). These spines are very small at first, 
then a little larger, and then small again. A sec- 
ond series of 32 pairs, spaced at distinct intervals, 
follows this after a short interval in which there 
are no spines; these in- 
crease in size posteriorly 
from the first, which is 
14 » long, to the last pair. 
The twenty-fifth, which 
is one of the largest, 
is 18 p» long; the dis- 
tance between them in- 
creases gradually from 







eerie 
(oe 
iv 





ese nesn een, 





ee a 





Fia. 218.— RIcTULARIA the first to the last 5 there Fig. 219.—RICTULARIA ELVI- 


ELVIRAE. ANTERIOR jg a space of 1 mm. from RAE. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY, 
EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. : 3 SHOWING MOUTH APERTURE. 
Entarcep. Arter the twenty -first and  nzarcep. Arrer PARONA, 


ae twenty-second pair, and 1889. 
a space of 2 mm. from the twenty-ninth to the thirtieth; the last pair 
is 8.5 mm. from the tip of the tail. The eggs are 56 by 28 » in diam- 
eter and contain embryos when oviposited (fig. 221). 

[Tost.—Dremomys rufigenis (Sciurus rujigenis). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality—Monte Mooleyit, Monti Dana, Tenas- 
serim. 

I do not find Parona’s description entirely clear. 
Jiigerskidid (1909) has examined Parona’s types of 
this species and finds it a good species of unusual 
thickness. He states that there are 


€ 


26 combs and 82 spines. 
RICTULARIA FALLAX Jiagerskiéld, 1909. 


Synonym—Rictularia plagiostoma 
<i in (Wedl, 1862) Willemoes-Suhm, 1873, 
nl ne, Ace: Of Parona, 1898. xa = 
i Cen eae Specifie diagnosis —Rictularia (p. *'S ee ae 
Paiscep “aren 205)": ENLARGED, AFTER 
Oneal: Male unknown. pes aes 
Female 20 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 750 p. Esoph- 
agus 2.960 mm. long. Nerve ring (?) 240 » from the anterior end of 
body. Anus 200 » from posterior end of body (fig. 222). Vulva 3.44 
mm. from the anterior end of the body, and behind the posterior end 
of the esophagus (fig. 223). Eggs 44 by 27 » in diameter. Each row 





172 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


vou. 50. 






















POSTERIOR 
AFTER 


Via. 222.—RICTULARIA FALLAX. 
EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. X_ 28. 
JAGERSKIOLD, 1909. 


The first and largest spine is 
about 150 p» long. 

Host.—Sciurus melanogaster. 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality —Mentawei, south of 
Sumatra. 

This species, regarded by 
Parona (1898) as identical with 
Rictularia plagiostoma, has been 
examined by Jiigerskidld (1909) 
who finds it to be a new species. 
He gives a comparative study of 
R. fallax and BR. plagiostoma. 
He states that the structure of 
the buccal capsule was not deter- 
mined owing to the condition of 
material. Also he notes that the 
measurement for the nerve ring, 
given above, may be wrong 
owing to the opacity of the mate- 
rial and the difliculty of locating 
the nerve ring. 


of cuticular markings con- 
tains 50 combs and about 34 
spines. The forty-second 
comb les just anterior of the 
vulva. Posterior of the vulva 
are eight combs, followed by 
the sharper, narrower spines. 
The highest combs, from the 
sixteenth to the twenty-fourth 
pair, are about 110 » high and 
110 » long. The combs lying 
nearest the vulva are longer, 
150 » long, but are not so 
high, being only 50 p» high. 


ANTERIOR EX- 
28. 


Fiqa. 223.—RICTULARIA FALLAX. 
TREMITY OF FEMALE, LATERAL VIEW. 
AFTER JAGERSKIOLD, 1909. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 173 


RICTULARIA COLORADENSI 


Specific diagnosis —Rictularia (p. 


S Hall, 1916, new species. 


168) : 


Male 3 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 250 p». Dorso- 
ventral head diameter at the base of the buccal capsule about 70 p. 































Tia. 224.—RICTULARIA COLORADENSIS. 


uated on an elevation and 
is 165 » from the tip of 
the blunt, conical tail (fig. 
225). There is a papilla 
in the median line on the 
anterior slope of the ele- 
vation bearing the cloacal 


Esophagus 875 » long. Nerve 
ring 100 » from the anterior 
end of the body. The cuticle 
is transversely striate, forming 
annuli 7 to 16 » wide. Stria- 
tions are not visible posterior 
of the cloacal aperture. There 
are 42 pairs of combs (fig. 224), 
extending from the head almost 
to the cloacal aperture, the line 
of combs being continued pos- 
teriorly by a low cuticular 
ridge. The first comb ante- 
riorly is 16 p, distinctly less 
than its own length, posterior 
of the base of the buccal cap- 
sule. The maximum size is at- 
tained by the posterior combs 
which are about 75 » long and 
48 » high. There are no mid- 
ventral fans in the posterior re- 
gion, such as are observed in 
species of /?ictularia from car- 
nivores. There is no bursa. 
The cloacal aperture is  sit- 


aperture. Immediately FIG, 225,—RICTULARIA COLORADENSIS. POSTERIOR 


. . . . E 
anterior of this is a pair 


of papillae. Another papilla is in 


XTREMITY OF MALE. ENLARGED. 


the median line on the pos- 


terior slope of the elevation bearing the cloacal aperture. An- 


other pair is just posterior of this. 


Two more pairs are located 


174 —~ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





not far anterior of the tip of the tail. The spicules are unequal, 
slightly curved, the right one 145 » long and the left one 180 » 
long, measured in a straight line from tip to tip. The maximum 
thickness is 13 to 16 ». The mouth has the structure characteristic 
of the genus, but few details are visible in the specimen available. 
Two large and prominent teeth, one dorsal 
and one ventral of the esophageal lumen, are 
visible in a latero-dorsal view of the head 
(fig. 226). These teeth are continuous with 
the other chitinous structures of the mouth 
capsule and are borne on the chitinous plate 
which makes up the base of the capsule and 
is itself a continuation of the walls of the 
rapsule. There is apparently another tooth 
on each side of the 
large ventral tooth. 

Fic. 226.—Ricrutarm corora- Lhe mouth aperture phy: 

DENSIS. LaTERo-porsaL jg surrounded by a ay a: | 

VIEW OF HEAD OF MALE, . 7 

corona radiata, a : 
small circlet of denticles. Only the ventral 
head papillae are visible in the available 
specimen. 

Female, estimated length about 9 to 10 
mm., based on an incomplete specimen 8.463 
mm. long with the posterior extremity miss- 
ing. Maximum thickness 360 ». Thickness 
at vulva 270 p. Head 120 p» in diameter at 
the base of the buccal capsule. Esophagus 
1.5 mm. long. Nerve ring 250 » from the 
anterior end of the body. Vulva opposite 
posterior end of esophagus and therefore 1.5 
mm. from anterior end of body; between 
the thirty-first and thirty-second comb (fig. hg 
227). The transition from combs to spines is see Vv 
fairly distinct, but by no means abrupt. ~ eS ee 
There are three combs posterior of the vulva, a SJ 
making a total of 34 combs. The post- ~~ Xomm. 
vulvar combs are of a transitional type, com- Fie. 227.—RicrunartA coLoRA- 
bining the length of a comb with the sharp hs age RL ee 
point of a spine. The anterior end of 
the first comb in the head region extends anterior of the base 
of the buccal capsule. There are 30 spines of a fairly uniform 
type following the combs, but as the specimen is incomplete 
posteriorly this does not represent the total number present in this 
species. The combs attain a maximum height of about 42 ». The 





hr 
o 


—— 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 175 





spines attain a maximum length of about 75 » from the anterior 
portion of the base to the end of the posteriorly directed tip. The 
transverse cuticular striations are 5 to 11 » wide over most of the 
body, but on the outside of a curve they 
may be extended to 30 » or more. The 
eggs are about 388 by 22 » in diameter 
and contain a well-developed embryo 
when oviposited. There are two chiti- 
nous cutting plates borne on the base 
of the buccal capsule and situated one 
on each side of the esophageal opening 
(fig. 228). The lateral and dorsal head 
papillae are visible in the available 
specimen, but the ventral are not. 

ost —Eutamias quadrivittatus. 

Location.—Small intestine (male) 
and stomach (female). 





| 

; Pale Momm. 
Locality——Pagosa Springs, Colo- aye. 293—Ricrvnarta coLORADENsIS. 

rado. ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. 

nN. 1., NERVE RING. 


Type-specimens.—No. 16569, U. S. 
N. M. (Bureau of Animal Industry helminthological collection). 

I am indebted for this material, as for other material acknowl- 
edged elsewhere, to the courtesy of Mr. E. R. Warren, of Colorado 
Springs, who turned over to me 
the host material, preserved in 
alcohol, from which the worms 
were collected. 





RICTULARIOIDES Hal, 
a. 1916, new genus. 


Fig. 229.—RICTULARIOIDES AMPIIIACANTHUM. Synonym.—ictularia Froelich, 

HEAD OF FEMALE. a, LATERAL VIEW; b, VIEW a a 

FROM THE FRONT. ENLARGED. AFTER DIES- 1802, of authors, part; O phiosto- 

Bee tse! mum Creplin, 1839, part. 

Generic diagnosis —Rictulariinae (p. 168): Head with four pro- 
jecting apices united by chitinous membranes to form two equal lips 
(fig. 229). Iemale with three series of simple, posteriorly directed 
hooks along the body. Male unknown. 

Type-species—Rictularioides amphiacanthum (Diesing, 1851) 
Hall, 1916. 


RICTULARIOIDES AMPHIACANTHUM (Diesing, 1851) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—O phiostomum amphiacanthum Diesing, 1851; Rictu- 
laria amphiacanthum (Diesing, 1851) von Drasche, 1882. 
Specific diagnosis —Rictularioides (p. 175): 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





Male unknown. 

Female 8 to 11.5 mm. long and 1 mm. thick. Body attenuate ante- 
riorly and very much thicker posteriorly (fig. 230). The posterior 
extremity of the body terminates in a long, rounded, mucronate tip 





Figs. 230-233.—RICTULARIOIDES AMPHIACANTHUM. 230, FEMALE. a, NATURAL SIZE; 0, ENLARGED; c, 
PORTION OF BODY. AFTER DIESING, 1857. 231, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER 
DIESING, 1857. 232, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, SHOWING 3 ROWS OF SPINES. ENLARGED 
AFTER DIESING, 1857. 233, PROFILE VIEW OF CUTICULAR SPINES. ENLARGED. AFTER DIESING, 1857. 


(fig. 231). The cuticle bears three longitudinal series (fig. 232) of 
strong, posteriorly directed hocks (fig. 233). 

Host.—Oxymycterus rufus (Lemmus dasytrichus). 

Location.—Small intestine. 

Locality —Ytareré, Brazil. 

Jigerskidld (1909) has noted that if Diesing’s descriptions and fig- 
ures are correct, this species can not remain in the genus (ctularia. 
In view of the fact that Diesing (1857) has revised his description 
to cover the presence of three rows of hooks instead of two, and in 
view of the fact that von Drasche (1882) has examined the speci-. 
mens and found no changes in the description necessary, it seems de- 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 177 





sirable to separate this species from those properly assignable to the 
genus Lictularia. 


OLLULANINAE Hall, 1916, new subfamily. 


Subfamily diagnosis —Metastrongylidae (p. 162): Buecal capsule 
well developed. Caudal bursa well developed, bilobed, and each lobe 
supported by six rays. Two short spicules. Vulva a short distance 
anterior of the anus. One ovary. Viviparous. Development with 
intermediate host. 

Type-genus.—Ollulanus Leuckart, 1865, 


Genus OLLULANUS Leuckart, 1865. 


Generic diagnosis —Ol\ulaninae (p. 177): Characters of the sub- 
family. 
Type-species —Ollulanus tricuspis Leuckari, 1865. 


OLLULANUS TRICUSPIS Leuckart, 1865. 





Specific diagnosis —Ollulanus (p. 177): Small thick worms. 
Esophagus moderately muscular and of granular appearance. 

Male with short, thick, almost straight 
spicules. Caudal bursa well developed, 
with two lateral lobes, each supported by 
SIX rays. 

Female 1 mm. long. Posterior ex- 
tremity terminates in three points. 
Vulva a short distance anterior of anus. 
One ovary. Viviparous. Embryos rel- 
atively large, 320 » long and 15 gp thick, snes 
of almost uniform diameter throughout, 49. o34—o1uanus TRICUEPIS. 
but wath the tail prolonged into a wavy 2€¢S=7°. ENLARGED. AvTEER 
appendix (fig. 234). The length of the ere it ea 
esophagus in the embryo is equal to a half to a third of the total 
length of the animal. 

Host—Mus musculus (for larval worm). Adults in gastric 
mucosa of cat. 

Location—Musculature and connective tissue. 

Localities —Germany ; Washington, District of Columbia. 

Life history—Of the embryos borne by the viviparous female, 
some are eliminated in the feces, while others emigrate from the 
intestine into the tissues of the host in a fashion similar to J'richi- 
nella. 'The latter form cysts 150 to 200 » in diameter in the pleura, 


10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16 12 











178 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


lungs, liver, and diaphragm, each cyst containing one or several 
embryos in its cavity. The presence of a number of these cysts gives 
the appearance of a miliary tuberculosis and causes a diffuse in- 
flammation that may result in death. The bronchial mucus is bloody 
and usually contains a large number of motile embryos. The em- 
bryos do not grow in the cysts. They become opaque and granular, 
and finally decompose into an oval or rounded mass containing oily 
droplets. Obviously, then, the migration into the tissues of the 
primary host is an accidental matter. The embryos which escape 
in the feces or in the bronchial mucus carry 
on the life cycle. Leuckart fed these to a 
mouse, and at the end of six weeks found the 
mouse infested with numerous cysts 300 p in 
diameter in the muscles of the trunk, esopha- 
gus, and heart and in the connective tissues 
of the cervical region (fig. 235). The cysts 
were round, and the worms had undergone 
some modifications. They were 800 p» long 
and 40 » thick. The flesh of a mouse con- 
taining these cysts was fed to a cat, and at 
the end of eight days the worms were found 
in the cecum and colon, but not in the stom- 
ach, of the cat. ‘They had not, however, un- 
dergone any modification, which would 
indicate that possibly they had not developed 
sufficiently previous to the feeding to be 
capable of infecting the primary host. 
The adult worm in the cat often occurs in 
bce nce uae, large numbers, causing severe inflammation 
cLe oF Mouse. Entarcen, and ecchymoses. The effect of the wander- 
ee ings and presence of the embryos in the 
musculature must be very similar to that of 7’richinella. 
The fact that this worm has a single ovary and is viviparous dis- 
tinguishes it from the members of such groups as the Strongylinae, 
to which it might on casual inspection seem closely related. 





Superfamily FILARIOIDEA Weinland, 1858. 


Superfamily diagnosis —Nematoda (p. 4): Body usually very 
long and slender. Mouth with two lips or without lips and sur- 
rounded by cireumoral papillae. Esophagus slender, without poste- 
rior bulb. Anus subterminal. Male with a single spicule or with 
two unequal spicules. Tail provided with papillae, usually curved 
spirally, and with bursal alae present or absent. Female larger than 


NO. 2151. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 179 








male. Vulva present or, less often, absent in gravid females; when 
present, usually anterior of the middle of the body or near the mid- 
dle, rarely near posterior extremity. Two, four, or five uteri. Ovi- 
parous, OvovViviparous, or viviparous. Development in many cases, 
perhaps all cases, requires an intermediate host. 

Type-family.—F ilariidae Claus, 1885. 

The name given here was proposed by Weinland as a family name, 
but it is in the form now used for the superfamily, and it was erected 
as a superfamily by Stiles (1907). 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO FAMILIES OF FILARIOIDEA. 


1. Mouth without lips; vulva near anterior extremity of body__Filariidae, p. 179. 
Mouth with 2 lips; or mouth without lips in forms where vulva is near 
posterior ‘extremity of bodyo2-n ee Spiruridae, p. 190. 


Family FILARIIDAE Claus, 1885. 


Family diagnosis—Filarioidea (p. 178): Body long and filiform. 
Mouth without lps. Male with two spicules, usually quite dissimilar. 
Vulva near the anterior extremity of the body. Adults subcutaneous, 
in blood, or on serous surfaces. 

Lype-genus.—Filaria Mueller, 1787. 


Subfamily FILARIINAE Stiles, 1907. 


Subfamily diagnosis —Filariidae (p. 179): Vulva anterior, near 
mouth. Spicules quite dissimilar. Intermediate stages, so far as 
known, occur in blood-sucking arthropoda. 

Type-genus—lilaria Mueller, 1787. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF FILARIINAE. 


aT eA Ut peh OURT Spe one kB el ee A) ne) Milaria, p. 179. 
Larval forms in the blood (collective genus) _____________Microfilaria, p. 188. 


Genus FILARIA Mueller, 1787. 


Synonyms.—Filaraia Rudolphi, 1809; Filaire Lee, 1840; Filariu 
Magalhies, in Silva Lima, 1877; Filoria Calmette, 1884; Falaria 
Leidy, 1904. 

Generic diagnosis —Filariinae (p. 179) : Caudal extremity of male 
forms a spiral, provided with alae. Simple body, devoid of promi- 
nent cuticular ornamentation er cervical alae. Esophagus simple, 
without chitinous rings or spirals. 

Type-species—Filaria martis Gmelin, 1790. 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 





ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF FILARIA. 


HNO description: 22 2 ee ene ae Filaria leporis (p. 187), Filaria species, p. 188. 
Described: SPECIES ss as Ma 5 a eS Ee a ee ee ee eee 2. 
. Buccal cavity with strong chitinous walls. Location of parasite not given. 


Filaria circularis, p. 183. 
Buccal cavity without strong chitinous walls. Subcutaneous, or in pleural 


or- peritoneal cavities == o. e e e  e ee 3. 
8. IXnown only in larval form in subcutaneous tissue____Filaria muricola, p. 186. 
EA CHG ROTTS SAI ea LARS INE REE SSA ee ee ae 4. 
4, Posterior end of body terminates in 2 diver gent spines. Found in pleural 
and peritoneal -cavities== S22 seeks. 2 eee Filaria diacantha, p. 184. 
Posterior end of body does not terminate in 2 divergent spines. Subcu- 
TAN COUSSE Eee 2 een 2 a ee ee 5. 
5. Intestine pigmented black. Females over 150 mm. long and males with 12 
Or lonpairs:ofGcaudal,papillae= Se eS Filaria subcutanea, p. 182. 
Intestine not pigmented black. Females less than 150 mm. long, or if more 
with males of the same species having 6 pairs of caudal papillae______ 6. 

6. Female over 150 mm. long and male with 6 pairs of caudal papillae. 
Filaria martis, p. 180. 
Memale-lessithancd bOsmm. LONG + ee ee Be he ie 

7. Female more than 125 mm. long, with thick node in front of vulva. 


p 
n 





Filaria pistillaris, p. 183. 
Female less than 50 mm. long and without node in front of vulva__________ 8. 


. Head with 2 rows of 4 flat papillae in each. Conical tail end with a rounded 


tip prolonged into a small clawlike process________ Filaria linstowi, p. 184. 
Head papillae obscure or absent. Tail simple and without clawlike process. 
Filaria scapiceps, p. 185. 


FILARIA MARTIS Gmelin, 17090. 


Synonyms.—? Filaria medinensis Rosa, 1794; Filaraia 
mustelarum Rudolphi, 1809; /ilaria mustelarum Rudol- 
phi, 1809; /dlaria mustelarum subcutanea Rudolphi, 1819; 
Filaria mustelae foinae Creplin, 1846; Pilaria quadrispina 
Diesing, 1851; Yilaria perforans Molin, 1858); ? Filaria 
mustelae barbarae M. C. V. Collect. Brasil. 
in Molin, 18586;? Filaria mustela barbata 
Molin 18580; Filaria subcutanea? in Parona, 
1894. 

PARR Specific diagnosis —F ilaria (p.179) : Body 

a6: ae eRe very long, slender, and white. Anterior ex- 
Be ee eee tremity attenuated and obtuse (fig. 236). 

Ha bas Posterior extremity very much attenuated. 

937, Heap, viewEp From tas ©CUticle not transversely striated. Mouth 

Front. Enrarcep. AFTER gmall, round, unarmed, and surrounded by 
SCHNEIDER, 1866. f : : . 

six submedian noduliform circumoral pa- 

illae (fig. 237). In the female the ventro-submedian papillae are 

iore anterior than the dorsal papillae; in the male the papillae are 





somewhat displaced. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 181 





Male 73 mm. long. The posterior extremity is curled in a spiral 
and provided with broad cuticular alae, which meet terminally at the 
posterior extremity (fig. 238). There are nine pairs of filiform 
caudal papillae, of which three pairs are pre- 
anal and six pairsare postanal. The first and 
second pairs and the third and fourth pairs 
are close together; the fifth and sixth pairs 
are near the median line. The spicules are 
unequal, the larger in the form of a tube, 
provided with broad, transversely striated 
lamellae, and the shorter conical. 

Female 190 mm. long. The posterior ex- 
tremity is acuminate, somewhat curved ven- 
trad. The anus is terminal or subterminal. 
The vulva is very close to the mouth, almost 
terminal. Probably ovoviviparous. Eggs 
very numerous, small, elliptical, with very 
thick shells, and covered with very minute 
granulations (fig. 239). [This worm is ViVi- sy¢. 038 —Freanta MARTIS. Pos. 
parous, according to Molin, and _ovovi- Ee ae eae 
viparous, according to Alessandrini. It 
appears, then, that the worm produces eggs containing embryos and 
gives birth to these embryos after their escape from the egg. It is, 
therefore, ovoviviparous in the true sense of the word. | 

Host.—Hystrix cristata. Usually in carnivores. 

Location.—Subcutaneous. 

Localities—Italy, Austria, Eritrea (Africa), and 
? Brazil. 

Some authors state that there are four papillae on 
the head, but Schneider (1866) has figured six for this 
form which he describes under the name Filaria quad- 
Fig.239.—FILaRia  pispinad. It seems unlikely that an ovoviviparous form 

MARTIS. Eaa. . 

Entarcnp. Ar- Should have a thick-shelled egg, and one may sur- 

a Stossicu, - mise that possibly Stossich mistook a space between 
a vitelline membrane and a shell for a thick shell. 

There is some reason for thinking that Milaria subcutanea von 
Linstow, 1899, is a synonym of /. martis. However, since von 
Linstow has figured a form with 12 or 13 pairs of caudal papillae, 
instead of 9 as given for #’. martis, it is perhaps better to retain the 
present status, especially as von Linstow’s specific name is a homonym 
of Filaria subcutanea Parona, 1894, and will have to be changed if 
distinct. It seems better not to change it with the existing uncer- 
tainty, and it will fall without the necessity for a change if it is 
identical with /’. martis. As the type-species of the genus /aria, 
F. martis has been discussed by Stiles (1907). 








182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





FILARIA SUBCUTANEA von Linstow, 1899, not Parona, 1894. 


Specific diagnosis —F ilaria (p. 179): Anterior and posterior ends 
rounded, the posterior end attenuated. Head with four small 
scarcely recognizable papillae. Intestine pigmented black. 

Male 42 mm. long and 390 p» thick. Esophagus 875 » long. Pos- 
terior end of body coiled several times. Spicules straight, one 110 p» 
long, the other 440 p long (fig. 240). Of the six to seven pairs of 
preanal papillae and the six pairs of postanal papillae, those located 
anteriorly are larger than those lo- 
cated posteriorly. [In von Linstow’s 
figure, one pair of the postanal pa- 
pillae is strongly suggestive of the 
pores of the caudal glands. ] 

Female 195 mm. long and 570 p 
thick. The esophagus is 1.3863 mm. 
long. The vulva is located just be- 
hind the posterior end of the short 
esophagus and divides the body in a 
ratio of 1:158. The eggs are 18 by 
14 » in diameter. 

Host.—Lrethizon dorsatum. 

Location.— Subcutaneous. 

Locality—Berlin Zoological Gar- 
den, Berlin, Germany. 

y It has already been noted in the 
Fia. Pe viene emer posre- foregoing discussion of /ilaria martis 
RIOR EXTEEMITY OF MALE. ENLARGED. that it 1s perhaps identical with von 

AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1899. ‘ é 

Linstow’s species. The lengths of the 
female worms are about the same; the presence of four head 
papillae is claimed for both; they are both recorded from species 
of the same genus and in the same location. There is a 
possibility that lack of detailed study or condition of material ac- 
counts for some of the differences, such as the number of caudal 
papillae. Papillae are readily overlooked, and in F. martis some 
writers claim four and some six for the head. There is apparently 
an error in the statement of von Linstow’s measurements. He states 
that the esophagus in the female is 1:148 of the total body length, 
and that the vulva is behind the posterior end of the esophagus and 
divides the body in the proportion of 1:158. It is evident that the 
value of the first term, 1, can not be increased without diminishing 
the second term. 

Tt has also been noted that Pilaria subcutanea Parona, 1894, ante- 
dates Filaria subcutanea von Linstow, 1899, and that the latter homo- 





NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 183 


nym is therefore without standing. It has not been replaced by a 
new name in this paper for the reason that it may be 7’. martis. 

F’, martis or F’. subcutanea is perhaps the adult of the microfilaria 
recorded by Plimmer (1915): 


FILARIA PISTILLARIS Molin, 18586. 


Synonym.—filaria sciuri in Collect. Brazil. M. 
C. V. of Molin, 18580. 

Specific diagnosis —Filaria (p. 179): Body fili- 
form, slightly diminishing in size posteriorly and ae 
with the anterior extremity obtuse and claviform. jarrrat view. EN- 
The mouth is unarmed. Ree Eee eee 

VON LINSTOW, 1899. 

Male unknown. 

Female 187.5 mm. long and 250 » thick. The posterior extremity 
is straight, the apex bearing four papillae, of which the two poste- 
rior, or external, are the larger. In frent of the vulva is a thick node 
distinct from the rest of the body. 

THost.—Sciurus igniventris. 

Location.—Subcutaneous on abdomen. 

Locality —Marabitanas, Brazil. 





The name Filaria sciuri is a 
synonym of /’. pistillaris, and 
hence antedates and invalidates 
Filaria sciuri von Linstow, 
1903. See Filaria linstowi. 


FILARIA CIRCULARIS von Linstow, 
1899. 


Specific diagnosis. — Filaria 
(p.179) : Head rounded. Small 
buccal cavity with strong walls 
(fie. 241). 

Male 20 mm. long and 120 pu 

Fic. 242.—Fiiaria cicutaris. Posterior rx- thick. ‘The esophagus is one 
TREMITY OF MALE, LATERAL VIEW. ENLARGED. fortv-sixth and the tail one one- 
AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1899. . 

hundred-and-twenty-fifth of the 
total body length. The posterior extremity is coiled around three 
times. The spicules are 260 and 190 » long and have projections at 
the distal extremity (fig. 242). Seven pairs of postanal papillae 
present. 

Female 65 mm. long and 250 p» thick. The esophagus is one one- 
hundred-and-fifth and the pointed tail one ninety-third of the total 
body length. The vulva is far anterior and divides the body in the 
proportion of 1:49. Eggs 21 by 13 » in diameter. 

Host.—‘Hesperomys” species. 





184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





Location.—Not given. 

Locality—Port Alegre. 

The buccal cavity is the particular feature of importance in this 
species. 


FILARIA DIACANTHA Molin, 1858). 


Synonyms.—Filaria hystrichis-prehensilis M. C. V. of Molin, 
18580, Filaria loncheri M. C. V. of Molin, 18580. 

Specific diagnosis —Filaria (p. 179): Body slightly attenuate an- 
teriorly and very much attenuate posteriorly. Posterior extremity 
terminates in two divergent spinous processes. Mouth unarmed. 

Male 25 to 44 mm. long and 167 to 250 » thick. Posterior ex- 
tremity coiled in a spiral. 

Female 33 to 81 mm. long and 167 to 500 » thick. Posterior ex- 
tremity curved. 

Hosts —Euryzygomatomys rufus (Loncheres rufa), Coendou pre- 
hensilis (Cercolabes prehensilis, Hystrix prehensilis), Huryzygoma- 
tomys spinosus (?Mesomys spinosus). 

Location—Abdominal cavity and lungs. 

Locality —Villa Maria and Caigara, Brazil. 

The structure of the posterior extremity in this species and the 
presence of the parasite in the abdominal cavity suggests that this 
might be a species of Setaria, but there is not sufficient evidence 
at present to warrant the removal of the worm from the genus 
Filaria. 

Stossich (1897) apparently makes J/esomys spinosws the equiva- 
lent of Loncheres rufa. It appears, however, that J/. spinosus is 
the equivalent of Kuryzygomatomys spinosus, not of Hu. rufus. 


FILARIA LINSTOW Hall, 1916, new name. . 


Synonym.—t ilaria sciuri von Linstow, 1908, not Molin, 18580. 

Specific diagnosis —Filaria (p. 179): Head end rounded. Behind 
the mouth aperture two rows of four flat papillae each. Cuticle 
smooth. 

Male unknown. 

Female 28 mm. long and 650 » thick. The short tail end is conical, 
with a rounded tip, which is prolonged into a small clawlike process. 
This tail end is one one-hundred-and-fifty-sixth of the entire length 
of the body. Eggs not developed. 

Host.—Sciurus caniceps. 

Location.—Subcutaneous. 

Locality —Aring, Kelautan, Siam. 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 185 








Von Linstow had only a single specimen, an immature female, and 
states that since a satisfactory specific diagnosis can not be made only 
a provisional specific name can be given. See Milaria pistillaris. 


FILARIA SCAPICEPS Leidy, 1886. 


Specific diagnosis.—F ilaria (p. 179) : Body tapering nearly equally 
at both ends. Anterior extremity narrows abruptly and forms a 
sort of neck posterior of the head. Head without visible papillae. 
Mouth aperture very small. The cuticle shows a fine obscure trans- 
verse striation. 

Male 12 to 14.5 mm. long and 310 to 375 » thick. The head is 
about 100 » in diameter. The esophagus is about 860 » long. The 
testis extends anterior of the pos- 
terior extremity of the esophagus. 
Tail conical, curved, provided 





ie ; en eee 
io mm. Ve omm 
. 
ae peered eR aS Boe Ountee Fic. 244.—FILARIA SCAPICEPS, SPICULES. 
with semielliptical alae (fig. 243), the terminal portion bearing lat- 
erally five pairs of stalked pyriform papillae, which decrease in size 
posteriorly to the last. There appear to be also two pairs of sessile 
papillae, one pair preanal and one pair postanal, near the cloacal aper- 
ture. Three pairs of papillae are prenanal and two pairs are post- 
anal. The left spicule (fig. 244) is 115 to 135 p long and appears to 
be cylindrical anteriorly and flattened posteriorly and bent at the 


“« 
/ 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





union of the two parts. The right spicule is 85 » long and slightly 
curved. 

Female 25 to 30 mm. long and 750 p» thick, body usually twisted in 
an extended cork-screwlike spiral of two or three turns. The head is 
about 135 to 175 » in diameter. ‘The esophagus is about 980 » long. 
The posterior extremity is nearly straight, conical, obtusely rounded, 





(ammth 


Via. 246.—FILARIA SCAPICEPS. AN- 
® 5 > 
Fi@. 245.—FILARIA SCAPICEPS. Pos- TERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. 
TERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. v., VULVA; vag.,VAGINA. 


smootn, and devoid of appendages (fig. 245). The anus is subter- 
minal. Coils of ovary and oviduct extend anterior of the vulva and 
posteriorly to near the anus. The vulva (fig. 246) is 1.255 to 1.8 mm. 
from the anterior extremity. From it a long narrow vagina extends 
posteriorly in loops; this at times forms a dilation 345 » long near 
the vulva. The embryos are very long and filiform. 
Hosts—Sylvilagus floridanus alacer, Sylvilagus floridanus mal- 
lurus (Lepus sylvaticus), Lepus campestris. 
Location Subcutaneous and under the muscular fasciae. 
Locality—United States (Sulphur, Oklahoma; ? Pennsylvania). 
While the locality for Leidy’s specimens is not given, it is likely 
that they were collected in Pennsylvania, or at least in the United 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 187 





States. Specimens from Oklahoma are in the material collected by 
Mr. Douthitt. I have tentatively assumed that a cottontail from Sul- 
phur, Oklahoma, would be S. 7. alacer. The specimens from Lepus 
campestris were determined by Stiles and Hassall, but there is no 
data as to the geographic locality. 


FILARIA MURICOLA (von Linstow, 1905) Hall, 19:6. 


Synonym—s piroptera muricola von Linstow, 1905. 

Specific diagnosis—Filaria (p. 179): 

Male not known as adult. 

Female not known as adult. 

Larva 26 mm. long and 590 p» thick. The head end is bluntly flat- 
tened and bears four small papillae in a circle. The esophagus is 
one-eleventh of the entire length and is surrounded by the nerve ring 
350 » from the anterior extremity. The very short tail end is rounded 
and bears a very small fingerform projection. The tail is one two- 
hundred-and-twenty-first of the entire body length. The poly- 
myarlan musculature is powerfully developed and fills the body cav- 
ity to such an extent that it borders on the esophagus and intestine 
medially. The lateral lines comprise one-seventeenth of the entire 
circumference and are separated, as usual, by the musculature. These 
lateral lines are wedge-shaped in cross section. The dorsal and 
ventral lines are feebly developed. Sex organs are not present. 

Host —E pimys surifer (Mus surifer). 

Location.—Subcutaneous connective tissue of the feet. 

Locality —Siam. 

There is nothing in this description to warrant the belief that this 
species belongs in the genus Spiropiera as generally understood, even 
leaving out of consideration the fact that Spiroptera is a synonym of 
Acuaria. On the other hand, the location of the parasite in sub- 
cutaneous tissue points to its being a /ilaria, a supposition that is 
not discordant with the description. The species has therefore been 
transferred to that genus. 


FILARIA LEPORIS Gmelin, 1790. 


Synonym.—F ilaria leporis (subcutanea) Rudolphi of Molin, 18580. 

Specific diagnosis—lilaria (p. 179): None given. 

Host.—Lepus timidus. 

Location —Lumbar region. 

Locality.— Southern Russia. 

Gmelin did not describe this species and other writers, noting the 
species, have merely cited Gmelin. The name is therefore a nomen 
nudum. 





188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


FILARIA species Morgan, 1868. 


Specific diagnosis —Filaria (p. 179): Long, slender white worms 
76 to 127 mm. long. 

Host—Castor fiber. 

Location.—Peritoneal cavity. 

Locality — United States (Michigan ?). 

In his work on the American beaver, Morgan (1868) states: 
“Large numbers of a long, slender white worm, 3’’ to 5’’ in length, 
were found in the peritoneal cavity (/’dlaria, species not known).” 
The size and site suggest that this worm belongs in the genus Setaria. 
Cobbold (1879) says this and other worms from the beaver, noted in 
Morgan’s paper, were collected by Doctor Ely. I can not find that 
this was the case. 


Collective genus MICROFILARIA Shipley and Fearnsides, 
1906. 


Generic diagnosis —Filariinae (p. 179): Larval filariae circulating 
in the blood. 

This is a collective group and hence does not have a type species. 
I am not certain as to the author of the group name. It has been 
credited to Magalhaes (1878), but he uses the term “ micro-filarias ” 
and does not use it generically. It has also been credited to Manson 
(1880), but he uses the form “ micro-Filariae.” 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF MICROFILARIA, 


1. With a thick sheath or capsule. In Nyctomys species. 
Microfilaria plimmeri, p. 189. 


Without arthick.sheathior Gap sulci este ae ae ee oe ee eee De 
2. Well described species from Citellus beecheyi____Microfilaria rosenawi, p. 188. 
Undescribed or little description; not from C. beecheyt__________________ By 
3. Long, pointed forms from Hrethizon_____________-_1 Microfilaria species, p. 190. 
HOLM ErOM VA DIUNYS iGtlUuss ee ee ee ne ee ey Filaria species, p. 190. 


MICROFILARIA ROSENAUI McCoy, rort1. 


Specific diagnosis —Microfilaria (p. 188) : 170 to 250 » long (aver- 
age 220 ») and 5.5 to 7» thick. No sheath present (fig. 247). The 
head is cylindrical, tapering to a flattened anterior extremity; the 
portion devoid of nuclei is usually one and a half times the diameter 
of the worm in length. The tail makes up about a fourth of the 
length of the body, and tapers gently to a rather sharp point. Cu- 
ticle with very fine transverse striations. Inside of the body is a 
column of nuclei more or less completely interrupted by several clear 
spaces. The nuclei are of two varieties: Numerous spherical nuclei, 
staining uniformly and deeply; and less numerous nuclei, slightly 
larger, not so regular in outline and not staining so deeply. The 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 189 


head of the worm constitutes one of the clear spaces free from nuclei; 
one-fourth to one-sixth of the distance from the head to the tail is 
another clear space; two-thirds of the distance from the head to the 
tail is another clear space containing very few nuclei; and near the 
tail, three-fourths to seven-eighths of the distance 
from the head, is another. These four clear spaces 
are practically constant; others are sometimes 
present. The clear space two-thirds of the dis- 
tance from the head to the tail—the third from the 
head of the constant clear spaces—usually con- 
tains a large number of fine granules. There are 
usually a few fine granules near the extreme front 
of the head—the first clear space—and a small 
number are often found in the tail. Occasionally 
these granules are found elsewhere. The terminal 
nuclei in the tail are usually oval, their long axis 
parallel to that of the worm. 

[Tost.—Citellus beecheyt. 

Location.—Blood. 

Locality —California (all parts east of the 
Sierrra Nevada Mountains between Mexico and 
the Sacramento River). 

McCoy states that this parasite was found in 
about 5 per cent of all host animals examined, but 
the search for the adult worm was unsuccessful. It 
apparently exerted no pathological influence of 
any consequence on its host, as no deleterious effects 
were noted. 

The thickness of the parasite is said to be a little 
less than that of the red blood corpuscles of the 
host. 





MICROFILARIA PLIMMERI Hall, 1916, new name. 





Specific diagnosis —Microfilaria (p.188) : Short, 
with a thick capsule. Fic. 247.—Micrormaria 

Host.—N yctomys species. ENS le pees 

Location.—Blood. at 

Locality —London (host animal from Central America), 

Under the caption “ Embryo filariae found in the blood of mam- 
mals,” Plimmer (1918) notes the South American night-mouse as 
one host. This has been placed here in the collective genus Micro- 
filaria, and in view of the fact that this is a collective genus made up of 
generally unassignable species, I have ventured to attach a specific 
name to Plimmer’s scanty description. I am reluctant to name 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


poorly described species, but it occasionally seems desirable to have 
some brief way of designating such a record. 


MICROFILARIA species Hall, 1916. 


Specific diagnosis.—M icrofilaria (p. 188) : Long, pointed. 
Host.—KErethizon dorsatum. 

Location.—Blood. 

Locality —London Zoological Gardens. 

Plimmer’s (1915) record: See comment under Yélaria subcutanea. 


FILARIA species Davaine, 1860, of von Linstow, 1889. 


Specific diagnosis —F iliform animalcules. 

Host —Epimys rattus (Mus rattus) (von Linstow erroneously 
says Jus decumanus). 

Location.—Blood. 

Locality.—F rance. 

Chaussat (1850) has a record of the finding of filiform animalcules 
in the blood of the black rat (Afus rattus). These were present in 
some rats in large numbers. It appears to me lkely that this is the 
rather common 7'rypanosoma lewisi. 


Family SPIRURIDAE Oerley, 1885a. 


Synonyms.—Spiruroidea Railhet and Henry, 1915; Spirurata 
Descazeaux, 1915. 

Family diagnosis.—Filarioidea (p. 178): Mouth with two lips; or 
without lips in forms where vulva is near posterior extremity of 
body. Male with posterior extremity of body commonly expanded 
and alate. Female with vulva usually in middle portion of body, 
exceptionally near the posterior extremity as noted above. Raillet 
and Henry (1915) treat this as a superfamily, the Spiruroidea. 

Ty pe-genus.—S pirura K. Blanchard, 1849. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBFAMILIES OF SPIRURIDAE. 


1. Undescribed or inadequately described species____Subfamily uncertain, p. 220. 
Deseribed@species:and: @eneral ores — 5) kee ee es ee eee ee Qe 
2. Mouth without lips; vulva near posterior extremity___Gongyloneminae, p. 190. 
Mouth with 2 lips; vulva remote from extremities of body_______________ 3. 
38. Pharynx strengthened by cuticular rings or spirals______ Arduenninae, p. 218. 
Pharynx without cuticular rings or spirals__-__-___+_____ Spirurinae, p. 199. 


GONGYLONEMINA®E Hall, 1916, new subfamily. 


Subfamily diagnosis —Spiruridae (p. 190): Body long and fili- 
form. Anterior portion of body ornamented with cuticular bosses. 
In the median lines, immediately behind the mouth, are two semi- 
lunar depressions simulating suckers. The vulva of female is situ- 
ated a short distance anterior of the anus. 

Ty pe-genus.—Gongylonema Molin, 1857. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 191 


The life history and the site of infestation in the primary host 
clearly relate this subfamily to the Spiruridae rather than to the 
Filariidae, in spite of the absence of lips. 

Seurat (1914e, 19147) regards Gongylonema as a lateral branch of 
the Spiruridae arising from Protospirura. 


Genus GONGYLONEMA, Molin, 1837. 


Synonyms.—filaria Mueller, 1787; Spiroptera Rudolphi, 1819; 
Myzomimus Stiles, 1892. 

Generic diagnosis—Gongyloneminae (p. 190): Body filiform, 
shghtly attenuated toward the two extremities. Cuticle transversely 
striated. Mouth small, elongated dorso-ventrally, and surrounded 
by six small papillae. eiteriec portion of body provided with lon- 
gitudinal rows of cuticular bosses. Immediately behind the mouth 
there is a dorsal and a ventral semilunar depression, simulating a 
sucker. The esophagus consists of two distinct portions, a slender 
anterior portion and a thicker posterior portion. The tail of the 
male is curved ventrally and provided with two asymmetrical alae 
supported by elongated, claviform papillae, mostly arranged in pairs. 
Vulva of female a short distance in front of anus. Eggs ellipsoidal, 
containing well-developed embryos when oviposited. 

Ty pe-species —Gongylonema musculi (Rudolphi, 1819) Neumann, 
1894. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF GONGYLONEMA, 


1. Undescribed and dubious forms____--_______ Gongylonema (2?) species, p. 198. 
Described and recognizable. forms. =~ ee a 

2. Males Jess than 10 mm. long and with 14 pairs of caudal papillae; females 
lessathiane 25> mms: lone ees See ee Gongylonema musculi, p. 191. 
Males more than 10 mm. long and with not more than 12 pairs of caudal 
papillae: females more: than’ 50 mm. long 2-2 a ae 

3. Males with 8 pairs of caudal papillae______ Gongylonema neoplasticum, p. 193. 
Males with 12 pairs of caudal papillae.__..Gongylonema brevispiculum, p. 197. 


GONGYLONEMA MUSCULI (Rudolphi, 1819) Neumann, 1894. 


Synonyms.—Filaria musculi Rudolphi, 1819; Gongylonema mini- 
mum Molin, 1857. 

Specific diagnosis.—G ongylonema (p.191): Mouth orbicular. An- 
terior portion of body provided with cuticular bosses. 

Male 8.8 mm. long. Anterior extremity attenuate and provided 
with small cuticular bosses (fig. 248). Posterior extremity curved, 
slightly attenuated; the ventral surface forms a large elliptical de- 
pression (fig. 249). There is a well-developed bursal membrane. 
Fourteen pairs of clavate papillae, of which 10 are preanal and 4 
postanal. There are two spicules. 


192 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





Female 17.5 to 21.6 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 154 p. 
Anterior extremity attenuate and provided with large cuticular 
bosses (fig. 250). Posterior extremity bent and abruptly attenuated. 
The anus is near the posterior extremity of the body (fig. 251). The 
vulva is in the posterior portion of the body but at some distance 
from the anus. Eggs elliptical, 45 
pe long and 22 to 23 p, thick. 

ITost.—Mus musculus. 

Location.—Liver and on exter- 
nal walls of stomach. 

Locality.— Austria. 
Dujardin (1845) notes a speci- 











Yj 


ZS 


OTIS 


wey 


251. 
ENLARGED. AFTER 


248. 249, 250. 


Figs. 248-251.—-GONGYLONEMA MUSCULI. 248, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. 
MOLIN, 1857. 249, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE. ENLARGED. AFTER MOLIN, 1857. 250, ANTERIOR 


EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED. AFTER MOLIN, 1857. 251, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE 


ENLARGED. AFTER MOLIN, 1857. 


men from Vienna, from which the maximum length and the thickness 
noted above are taken, as having two cervical alae. This would sug- 
gest that he was not dealing with Gongylonema. This species, the 
type of the genus, is unfortunately not very well known. Dujardin 
states that only 2 mice were found infested in 1,264 examined. 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 193 





GONGYLONEMA NEOPLASTICUM (Fibiger and Ditlevsen, 1914) Ransom and Hall, 1916. 

Synonyms.—Spiroptera species Fibiger, 1913; Spiroptera neoplas- 
tica Fibiger and Ditlevsen, 1914; Spiroptera (Gongylonema) neo- 
plastica Fibiger and Ditlevsen, 1914. 

Specific diagnosis.—Gongylonema (p.191) : The anterior extremity 
of the body terminates in a blunt cone, the taper beginning at the 
excretory pore. The cuticle is finely striated transversely at inter- 
vals of 6 to 12 w. Anteriorly, in the vicinity of the proximal portion 
of the esophagus, the annulations disappear and are replaced by 
large vesicular bosses, more or less globular, egg-shaped or sausage- 
shaped, of very variable size. Mouth has the shape of an equilateral 
triangle, but is without lips. Papillae inconspicuous. No cervical 
papillae observed. Lateral bands distinct, of almost uniform thick- 
ness, diminishing in size anteriorly and disappearing posteriorly in 
the anal region. The excretory pore is in the median line on the 
ventral surface, halfway between the nerve ring and the union of the 
two halves of the esophagus. Posterior of the mouth is a short 
pharynx with a thin chitinous lining. The esophagus is in two 
parts. The anterior portion is short and slender and passes abruptly 
into the posterior portion, which is much longer and thicker. This 
portion is about twice as thick as the anterior portion and is of 
fairly uniform diameter, only increasing slightly in the most poste- 
rior portion. In optical section the nerve ring shows a granular 
central portion surrounded by a homogenous coat and with spurs 
of sarcoplasma extending from the body musculature to the nerve 
ring. The esophagus is separated from the chyle intestine by a con- 
striction, but the chitinous lining is traceable somewhat farther dewn 
the intestine. As far down as this lining extends, the intestine shows 
faint transverse striations, possibly due to muscular tissue. Poste- 
rior of this are intestinal valves, sometimes showing arrangement 
in two rows. The chyle intestine is about as thick as the anterior por- 
tion of the esophagus. The rectum is narrower. The anal muscula- 
ture is well developed. 

Mate 15 to 20 mm. long and 110 to 130 » thick. Cuticle 6 » thick. 
The esophagus is one-fourth of the entire length. The nerve ring is 
45 » in diameter in a male 15 mm. long. The tail is spirally twisted. 
The average sized bursa is 462 », long with a maximum width of 170 p. 
The bursa (fig. 252) is asymmetrical, one side being a third shorter 
than the other and is elongate oval with a distinct constriction in the 
middle, more pronounced on the longer side and placed more poste- 
riorly on the shorter side. The lower convexity is more distinct on 
the shorter side. The bursa narrows rapidly toward the tip of the 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 13 





194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


tail, enlarges a little just anterior of the most posterior papillae, and 
then forms a small round ligulate tip extending 14 p beyond the 
posterior extremity of the body proper. There are eight pairs of 
fungiform caudal papillae, asymmetrically placed. The four pairs 
of preanal papillae are the larger, being 20 » long, while of the four 
pairs of postanal papillae those nearer the cloacal aperture are the 
largest, and they decrease in size posteriorly, those near the tail 
being 10 » long. The spicules are very dissimilar. The short one is 
93 p long and the long one 528 » long, or 
almost six times as long as the short one. 
In profile the short one is sword-shaped 
with a rounded point. It attains its maxi- 
mum thickness of 9 » at the proximal ex- 
tremity. From here it curves in an even 
taper toward the tip. It is striated trans- 
versely and appears to be hollow through- 
out. Viewed dorso-ventrally, it appears to 
be thickest in the middle. The long spicule 
is of uniform thickness throughout except 
for a slight dilatation at the proximal end. 
The dilated tip is surrounded by a mem- 
branous bulb. The long spicule is com- 
monly found protruded to half its length, 
the protruded distal portion being bent at 
right angles to the proximal portion. Each 
spicule is surrounded by a sheath, the sur- 
face of which is apparently chitinous and 
marked with fine maculae, apparently due 
to depressions. A third piece of sheathing, 
TG, 252—GONGYLONEMA NEO- Jarger and thicker walled, lies between the 
PLASTICUM. POSTERIOR EX- . ° 
TREMITY OF MALE, veNtran SpPicules near the distal end of the small 
view. ENLARGED. AFTER gpicule, and apparently supports the entire 
FIBIGER AND DITLEVSEN, 1914. rm : 
structure and holds the two spicules at a 
fixed distance. Broad muscular bands originate near the anus and 
extend dorso-ventrally and anteriorly or posteriorly on each side of 
the rectum and ductus ejaculatorius. The single testis extends 
straight almost to the proximal end of the esophagus, where it turns 
and extends parallel to its former course for a short distance, some- 
times turning anteriorly again. It terminates in a retortaeform ex- 
pansion. Posteriorly the testis joins the narrow vas deferens, about 
70 p long, and this joins a dilated vesicula seminalis, a little more 
than 1 mm. long and often full of spermatozoa. This is continued 
posteriorly as the short ductus ejaculatoris. The spermatozoa are 
small regular globular cells. 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 195 





Female 60 to 80 mm. long and 170 to 326 py thick. Cuticle 9 to i2 p, 
thick. Lateral lines 120 » wide. Pharynx 53 » long and 20 » thick 
in a60 mm. long specimen. The esophagus is one-ninth of the entire 
length of the worm. The vulva is near the posterior extremity, at 
a distance of one-eighth to one-tenth of the body length, and is not 
prominent. The vagina extends anteriorly from the vulva for a 
short distance and the uteri are divergent. The anterior uterus be- 
comes the receptaculum seminis near the posterior 
extremity of the esophagus and the posterior uterus 
becomes the receptaculum seminis posterior of the 
vulva. Each uterus communicates with a short \3 
curved oviduct and these in turn with the ovaries. 3 
The initial portion of the anterior ovary is directed A 
posteriorly and the initial portion of the posterior 
ovary is directed anteriorly. The ovaries are very 
much looped, the long axis of the loops paralleling 
that of the body. Eggs are regularly ovoid, with a 
maximum size of about 60 by 40 » in diameter. In 
optical section they are somewhat thickened at the 
poles, with a line of distinct demarcation between 
the thinner shell in the middle of the egg and the 
thicker shell at the poles. Eggs always contain em- 
bryos when oviposited. The embryo is thickest at 
the anterior end and diminishes in size evenly to the 
posterior end. 

Life history —Egegs passing from the female into 
the host epithelium around the worm are passed out 
in desquamation of the epithelium. They may be 
left in moist feces half a year without alteration. If y.¢ 053-Goncvto- 
fed to certain insects (Periplaneta americana, Peri-  S®MA Neorzasti- 
planeta orientalis, Blatta (Ectobia) germanica, ov oe moiARYA 


FROM PROTHORAX 
Tenebrio molitor) or ingested naturally by these in- oF Prrrrranrra 
sects, the embryos escape from the eggs, the thick- co ae 
ened polar portions of the shells being removed under = F1cer anv Drt- 
the action of the digestive fluids. This embryo is 250 aie 
p-long and 13 » thick, with the cuticle somewhat thickened anteriorly 
and with no internal differentiation. The day after feeding, these 
embryos and the empty shells are found in the intestine. The next day 
neither are found, and the subsequent wanderings or location of the 
worms is not known until they are found encapsuled in the musculature 
of the prothorax and of the limbs of the insect about 20 days later. 
The capsule is not very prominent. The larvae are coiled in a 
spiral, usually with the tail in the center and the head at the periph- 
ery. This larva is 792 p to 1.215 mm. long and rather slender. It 








196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





tapers only slightly toward the anterior end and attenuates abruptly 
behind the anus to form the conical tail (fig. 253). The shape and 
appearance of the anterior extremity is similar to that of the adult 
worm. The tail often terminates in two papillalike projections 
of variable size. Occasionally there are three, or there may be a 
wing-shaped prominence with fringed or serrate edges. The 
pharynx is relatively longer than in the adult worm and has rela- 
tively thicker chitinous lining. The esophagus is about as long as 
the intestine, or even somewhat shorter, and has the two-part struc- 
ture of the adult worm. For a time the anterior portion of the body 
and the esophagus grow faster than the posterior portion and the 
intestine. Later the growth rates are reversed. The nerve ring is 
distinct and the excretory pore is halfway between the nerve ring 
and the union of the two portions of the esophagus. The primor- 
dium of the genitalia appears as a small egg-shaped body, consist- 
ing of a number of cells or a syncytium with several nuclei, located 
near the region where the vulva will later develop in the female. 

When cockroaches containing encysted larvae are fed to primary 
host animals, all of which are rodents, the larvae will be found to 
have entered the mucous membrane on the following day. They 
invade the mucosa of the stomach and not infrequently that of the 
esophagus and tongue. In the next 10 days they grow slowly and 
only double their length. Then they grow more rapidly and in a 
few weeks are ten times as long as an encysted larva. At the end of 
the first 10 days the larva has a tail identical with that of the adult. 
About this time a molt occurs and the resultant larva has a simple 
tail. After two months females begin to pass eggs. 

In rodents these worms set up marked pathological alterations. 
These begin as a circumscribed or diffuse hypertrophy of the mucosa, 
go on to the formation of papilloma, and terminate in carcinoma 
with occasional metastases. 

Hosis—E pimys norvegicus (Mus decumanus), Epimys rattus 
(Mus rattus), Mus musculus, Oryctolagus cuniculus (Lepus cunicu- 
lus), Cavia porcellus (Cavia cobaya). 

Location.—The squamous-celled anterior portion of the digestive 
tract. 

Localities —Denmark, Danish West Indies. 

This worm is of very considerable interest from zoological and 
medical standpoints. 

Tt is quite possible that Seurat (1914¢) has described this species 
from Dipodillus campestris under the name of Gongylonema brevis- 
piculum, a possibility which is commented on at length in the follow- 
ing notes on that species. 








No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 197 





GONGYLONEMA BREVISPICULUM Seurat, 1grqe. 


Specific diagnosis—Gongylonema (p. 191): The mouth is situated 
in the center of a disk which projects slightly (fig. 254); the buccal 


cavity is shallow. The cuticle is finely striated at 
intervals of 10 ». There are 4 rows of bosses on the 
dorsal and 4 on the ventral surface. There are 2 lat- 
eral alae, originating about 210 » from the anterior 
end of the body and not extending beyond the region 
of the bosses. Immediately anterior of these alae are 
the 2 precervical (cervical) papillae. The excretory 
pore opens on the ventral surface in the posterior 
third of the interval from the nerve ring to the in- 


ferior limit of the muscular esophagus. There is an 


a. 


100 au 





Fig, 255.—GONGYLONEMA BREVI- 
SPICULUM. @, POSTERIOR EX- 
TREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL 
VIEW; 6, RIGHT SPICULE AND GU- 
BERNACULUM, DORSAL VIEW. 
AFTER SEURAT, 1914. 





: ; Fria, 254,—GONGy- 
unpaired dorsal papilla 2 tonema Breve 


: a : SPICULUM. AN- 
mim, posterior Of the termil= jaa. peaeee 
nation of the esophagus. wy. Entarcep, 
The nerve ring is located aa nes 
at two-fifths of the distance 

from the anterior to the posterior end of 
the esophagus. 

Male 17 mm. Jong with a maximum 
thickness of 190 ». Lateral alae originate 
175 p» from the anterior end of the body. 
Buceal cavity 35 » long (?). Muscular 
esophagus 530 p» long; ‘total length of 
esophagus one-fourth of entire body length. 
The short tail is not straight but is shghtly 
bent to the left (fig. 255). The cloacal 
aperture is 180 » from the posterior end of 
the body. The caudal alae are well devel- 
oped and slightly unequal; the left one is 
the longer, 480 » long; the right one is 420 
»w long. There are 6 pairs of preanal pa- 
pillae, all stalked, and 4 pairs of stalked 
and 2 of sessile postanal papillae, the latter 
very small and located near the tip of the 
tail close to the apertures of the caudal 
glands. The spicules are very unequal; 
the filiform left spicule is 660 » long, 
and the short thick right spicule is 85 yu 
long and 18 yw thick. The gorgeret 
(gubernaculum) is asymmetrical, being 


prolonged posteriorly on the left side to form an elongated 


branch. 


198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


Female 70 mm. long with a maximum thickness of 336 yp. The buc- 
cal cavity is 50» long (?). The muscular esophagus is 870 pw long; 
the total length of the esophagus is one-ninth of the bedy length. 
The tail is very short and conical, with the orifices of the caudal glands 
near its extremity. The vulva is in the posterior portion of the bedy, 
about 8 mm. anterior of the anus. The ovijector 
is characterized by a vestibule and a sphincter 
forming a cylindrical tube 1 mm. long and lined 
with a thick cuticle (fig. 256). This is followed 
by a musculo-epithelial tube 16.3 mm. long, which 
extends anteriorly and divides into two divergent 
branches. The eggs have a thick shell, 42 » long 
by 25 » wide, and contain an embryo when ovi- 
posited. 

wn Host.—Dipodillus campestris (Dipodilla cam- 

Ss pestris). 

= Location.—Cardiac region of the stomach, in 

the mucosa. 

Locality —Bou Saida, Algeria. 

The principal, and almost the only feature, 
which distinguishes this species from Gongy- 
lonema neoplasticum is the presence of addi- 
tional caudal papillae in the male. The posterior 
extremity of G. neoplasticum is figured with the 
bend to the left, which also occurs in G. brevispic- 
ulum. It appears quite possible that Fibiger and 
Ditlevsen (1914), in their excellent study of G. 
neoplasticum, may have overlooked some papillae, 
and that a restudy will show that G. brevispicu- 

Meryl, AMEN HT 3 lum must be regarded as a synonym of G. neo- 
xEMA BREvispicu- plasticum. Until this point has been determined 

LuM. Vagiva AND it will be safer to retain the two species, keeping 

OVISECTOR. 1, UNION. : “Leys : : 

cr Two Portions or In mind the possibility that they are identical. 

ovuEctor. AFTER ‘The fact that G. neoplasticum has been devel- 

SEURAT, 1914. g ° : 

oped in such hosts as the rat, rabbit, and guinea 
pig, one of which is a notorious wanderer and cosmopolite, speaks 
for their identity in connection with their other features in common. 





GONGYLONEMA (?) species Hall, 1916. 

Specific diagnosis —Gongylonema (%) (p. 191): Very fine fila- 
mentous worms, 8.4 em. long. 

Host.—Castor fiber. 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality.— United, States (Michigan ?). 

Morgan (1868), in his work on the American beaver, states in a 
footnote on page 73: “In the stomach of the beaver I kave found 


ee ee ee eee ee eS 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 199 





a very fine filamentous worm 40 ’’’ in length, species unknown.” The 
fact that this worm was very fine, 34 inches long, and located in the 
stomach, suggests that it might be a species of Gongylonema. G. 
neoplasticum is found in the stomach in rodents, and Gongylonema 
verrucosum occurs in the stomach in sheep and zebu, either free or 
embedded in the gastric mucosa. The fact that the worm was fila- 
mentous argues against the idea that it was an ascarid in a situation 
in which these worms not infrequently occur, while its presence in the 
stomach bespeaks its relation with the Filaricidea. Without caring 
to make more than a tentative assignment, the evidence suggests that 
the worm belongs in Gongylonema. (See comment on Filaria spe- 
cies Morgan, 1868.) 


Subfamily SPIRURINAF Railliet, 1915, 


Synonym.—Physalopterinae Railliet and Henry, 1912a, in part. 
Subfamily diagnosis.—Spiruridae (p. 190): Females with two uteri 
and with vulva in the middle portion of body, not close to anterior or 
posterior extremities. Pharynx without cuticular rings or spirals. 
Type-genus.—S pirura E. Blanchard, 1849. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF SPIRURINAE. 


1. Male with a circumscribing bursa continuous anteriorly, and with 2 pairs of 


preanal and 2 pairs of postanal stalked papillae______ Physaloptera, p. 212. 

Male without a bursa continuous anteriorly, and not with 2 pairs of preanal 
and 2 pairs of postanal stalked papillae_.._=-...-.=.-.-. = == ee 

2. Mouth with 2 small integral lips without teeth_______________ Spirura, p. 199. 


Mouth with 2 large lips divided into 8 distinct lobes and provided with 
TSX SE) Oy pO a Ne i Protospirura, p. 208. 


Genus SPIRURA E. Blanchard, 1849. 


Synonym.—sS piroptera Rudolphi, 1819, of authors. 

Generic diagnosis—Spirurinae (p. 199) : Two lips, usually bearing 
two papillae each, and not bearing teeth. Mouth straight and limited 
by a chitinous ring. Esophagus long and cylindrical. Body of mod- 
erate size, attenuated toward the anterior extremity. Spicules un- 
equal. Bursa present, but not continuous anteriorly across the ven- 
tral surface. Vulva anterior or posterior of middle of body. Two 
uteri. 

Type-species.—S pirura talpae (Gmelin, 1790) E. Blanchard, 1849. 


SPIRURA TALPAE (Gmelin, 1790) E. Blanchard, 1849. 


Synonyms.—Ascaris talpae Gmelin, 1790; Ascaris strumosa 
Froelich, 1791; Fusaria convoluta Zeder, 1803; Spiroptera strumosa 
(Froelich, 1791) Rudolphi, 1819; Filaria rytipleurites Deslong- 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF PHE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


champs, 1824; Filaria convoluta (Zeder, 1803) Molin, 1858); Pilaria 
strumosa (Froelich, 1791) Stossich, 1897; Filaria rytipleures Seurat, 
Todt. 

Specific diagnosis.—Spirura (p. 199): Posterior portion of body 
decidedly thicker than anterior portion (fig. 257). Cuticle densely 
striated transversely. At a dis- 
tance one-seventh to one-twelfth of 
the total body length from the an- 
terior end is a prominent cuticular 
boss or struma. The anterior ex- 
tremity is bluntly rounded. Mouth 
with two rather inconspicuous lips 
(fig. 258), each bear- 
ing three papillae. 
Esophagus narrow 
and cylindrical, one- 
fifth as long as body. 

Male 10 to 20 mm. 
long and 250 p thick 


257. 258. behind the boss and 

Fics. 257,258.—SPIRURA TALPAE. 257, WORMS ATTACHED TO MU- 360 pb thick posteriorly 
cosA. ENLARGED. AFTER NITZSCH, 1829. 258, ANTERIOR EX- , é 
TREMITY, LATERAL Virw. ENLARGED. AFTER Nitzscn, 1829. im specimens 15 mm. 


long. The head is 70 
pin diameter and the mouth 40 » in diameter. The esophagusis1/3.8 
as long as the body. The tail is 600 » long and terminates obtusely 
(fig. 259). It bears two bursal alae. There are four pairs of preanal 
papillae and five pairs of postanal papillae, of 
which the last two pairs are close to the posterior 
extremity. There is an unpaired papilla anterior 
of the cloacal aperture. The long spicule is 530 p 
long and 18 » thick; it is tubular, obtuse and re- 
curved almost in a circle. The short spicule is 
400 » long, ensiform, divided longitudinally by a 
thickened median keel and expanded laterally in 
two transversely striated membranous alae. 

Female 20 to 32 mm. long and 300 » thick be- 
hind the boss (fig. 260) and 620 » thick poste- d 

: nate : ; Fia. 259.—SPIRURA TALPAE. 
riorly. The head is 109 » in diameter and the  posreriorexremrry oF 
mouth 58 » in diameter. The esophagus is one- MAX. ENLARGED. Ar 
fifth as long as the body. The posterior extremity ve 
of the body is conical with an obtuse termination, the conical 
portion being concave ventrally and the anus situated at the 
anterior extremity of the concavity (fig. 261). The vulva is 
about five-eighths of the body length from the anterior ex- 
tremity, or about 11.8 mm. from the posterior extremity in 














no. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 201 





large specimens. It is a large conspicuous transverse aperture 
limited by prominent lips. From this a short vagina extends to 
the infundibuliform ovijector, which has a muscular wall and a 
chitinous lining (fig. 262). The part nearest the vagina is the vesti- 
bule and the part most remote is the sphincter. The chitinous lining 
of the sphincter is in folds, forming oblique valves on the wall. The 
free extremity of the valves is directed toward the vulva and the 
vestibule, so that eggs may pass from the common trunk of the uterus 





260. 262. 


Fics. 260-262.—SPIRURA TALPAE. 260, ANTERIOR EXTREMITY, SHOWING BOSS OR STRUMA. ENLARGED. 
AFTER NITZSCH, 1829. 261, POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE. ENLARGED, AFTER NITZSCH, 1829. 
262, a, OVIJECTOR; 6, SPHINCTER OF OVIJECTOR. AFTER SEURAT, 1912a. 


into the vestibule and out, but not back. The common trunk of the 
uterus is a short tube, which promptly divides to form the two 
divergent uteri. The eggs are roundly elliptical and are 48 to 52 p 
long by 36 to 38 ». thick. They are 10 to 30 in number. 

Life history—Kgegs from this worm, if ingested by cockroaches, 
develop to larvae which are found encysted in the body cavity in 
lenticular capsules attaining a size of 2 by 3 mm. in diameter, the 
cysts forming from the epithelium of the tracheae. The cyst is 
formed of two separable membranes, the external fibrous, the in- 
ternal structureless. The larva lies folded on itself inside of the 


902 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


latter and is 15 mm. long. The characteristic boss shows as a cutic- 
ular fold 1.5 mm. from the anterior end on the ventral surface. Also 
in the midventral line, and 270 p from the anterior end, is the open- 
ing of a unicellular gland which lies against the esophagus. The 
mouth has two lips, each bearing two small papillae at its base. The 
vestibule is 50 » long. The esophagus is half as long as the entire 
body and has a trihe- 
dral lumen. Its ante- 
rior muscular part is 
very short, 252 » long. 
It ends just behind the 
excretory pore and is 
surrounded by the 
nerve ring near its 
, middle. The intestine 
is black. The rectum 
is short. The space be- 
tween the rectum and 
the body wall is full of 
large round cells with 
conspicuous nuclei. 
Seurat (1911) has 
found as many as 15 
cysts in one cockroach. 
Seurat (1912a) notes 
that after the third 
larval molt, and while 
still in the fourth lar- 


Fig. 263.—SPIRURA TALPAE. MALE LARVA IN FOURTH STAGE. @, val stage, just preced- 
AFTER THE ADDITION OF ACETIC ACID AND SEPARATION OF CUTI- ing the adult stage, the 
CLE; b, BEFORE ADDITION OF ACID. AFTER SEURAT, 19120. 





larva grows consider- 
ably, develops genital organs, and after it attains a certain size 
secretes a new cuticle under the old and forms the male bursa, 
spicules, and other structures (fig. 263). When the new cuticle 
is stripped or separated by the use of acetic acid these structures are 
evident. 

Host—E pimys species, “ Rat” (commonly in mole). 

Location—Stomach (often in intestine also in usual host). 

Localities—France (Rennes), Germany (Greifswald, Halle), 
Austria (Vienna), Ireland, Italy (Padua), Brazil. 

This nematode is commonly reported from the mole, but Seurat 
(1911) states that Filaria rytipleurites Deslongchamps, found adult 
in the rat and with larval stages in Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta 
americana, is identical with Spirura talpae. 


oe ee a 





No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 2038 





Nitzsch (1829) states that the worm is commonly found sewed in 
a loop through the gastric epithelium with the boss marking the 
point of contact for the anterior extremity, but other writers have not 
found this. 

Stossich (1897) states that the esophagus is distinctly divided into 
three parts, but gives no details and no one else mentions it. Could 
he have regarded the pharynx as one part? 


Genus PROTOSPIRURA Seurat, 19146. 


Synonym.—S piroptera Rudolphi, 1819, of authors. 

Generic diagnosis—sSpirurinae (p. 199): Cuticle transversely 
striated. No lateral alae in adult. Mouth with two large lips, each 
divided into one median and two lateral lobes and each lobe bearing 
teeth. Four head papillae, one at the base of each of the lateral lobes. 
Bursal alae in male. Spicules unequal. 
Vulva in middle or anterior portion of 
body. Uteri divergent. 

Ty pe-species. — Protospirura  numidica 
Seurat, 19140. 

The only species other than the type- 
species included by Seurat in his new genus 
is What he calls Protospirura muris (Wer- 
ner, 1782) Seurat, 1915. I do not regard 
Lumbrict muris Werner as available. By 
some inadvertance Seurat in describing the "™*. 7 eee e eee a 
type-species of his new genus states that the — rumrronr. ENLARGED. AYTER 
cloaca opens a short distance in front of — VOX MNSTOW, 1899. 
the anus. It is possible that he means that the cloaca opens a short 
distance in front of the tail end. 








Tia. 264.—PROTOSPIRURA LABIO- 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF PROTOSPIRURA. 


1. Maximum length of females Gver 75 mm. Eggs over 55 w long. 
. Protospirura ascaroidea, p. 207. 


Maximum length of females less than 55 mm. Eggs not over 50 uw long____ 2. 
2. Eggs less than 20 w long__________ Protospirura labiodentata, p. 208. 
Eggs more than 40 » Jlong________-_ Protospirura muris, p. 204. 


Seurat (1916) adds ?. numidica from a rodent. See Addendum, 
page 224. 
PROTOSPIRURA LABIODENTATA (von Linstow, 1899) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym.—s piroptera labiodentata von Linstow, 1899. 

Specific diagnosis —Protospirura (p. 203): Mouth with 2 large 
lips, each divided into three lobes and each lobe bearing one large 
tooth and two smaller teeth (fig. 264). A papilla is situated at the 
base of each lobe. 

Male unknown. 


204 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50, 





Female 42 mm. long and 1.3 mm. thick. The esophagus is 1/8.9 of 
the total body length. The conical pointed tail is 1/80 of the total 
body length. The very thick shelled eggs are small, 15.6 » long and 
6.5 p thick. 

Host.—Mus navalis (sic). 

Location.—Intestine. 

Locality —Ambukohl, Egypt. 

Von Linstow states that the host name given above is a manu- 
script name and not identifiable. [This might possibly have been 
Microtus nivalis. | 





PROTOSPIRURA MURIS (Gmelin, 1790) Seurat, 1915h. 





Synonyms.—Lumbrici muris Werner, 1782; Ascaris muris Gmelin, 
1790; Ascaris obtusa Froelich, 1791; Fusaria muris (Gmelin) 1790, 
Zeder, 1803; Spiroptera obtusa (Froelich, 1791) 
Rudolphi, 1809; Filaria obtusa (Froelich, 
1791) Schneider, 1866; Spiroptera (Filaria) 
obtusa Rudolphi of Parona, 1898; Filaria 
muris (Gmelin, 1790) Stossich, 1897; Spirop- 
tera braun von Linstow, 1897. 

Specific diagnosis—Protospirura (p. 208) : 
Rather thick worms with relatively small 
heads. There are two large lips deeply incised 





F1@. 265.—PROTOSPIRURA ; . 
Muris. Heap, viewrp to form six lobes arranged in two parallel rows 


FROMTHE FRONT. X 180 of three each (fig. 265).. When these lips are 


AFTER SCHNEIDER, 1866. . 
closed and viewed en face, the central dorsal 


and ventral lobes are obviously larger than the others and show 
in this view a rather square outline.The four other lobes are 
roughly conical. The two large central lobes bear on their inner 
faces a long central tooth and two smaller teeth on each side. These 
lobes terminate at the extremities of their squared distal ends in two 
papiuliform elevations. The four smaller lobes each bear on their 
inner face one long tooth and on each side of this a series of much 
smaller serrations. There are four large papillae, one at the base of 
each small lobe near its union with the large central lobe. The 
mouth cavity at the base of the lips opens by a wide aperture into the 
prominent pharynx which is heavily lined with chitin. Numerous 
bands suspend the pharynx from the body walls. The esophagus 
is long and gradually enlarges in diameter posteriorly. It has a 
trihedral lumen. It connects with the intestine by a valve. The 
cuticle is prominently marked with conspicuous transverse striations, 
and between the conspicuous striations are numerous fine striations. 

Male 14 to 28 mm. long with a maximum diameter of over 1 mm. 


, -” Dade eee. | 


=~, va >. 


Se 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 205 





The head attains a maximum diameter of about 240 ». The pharynx 
is about twice as long as it is thick, attaining a length of 140 » and 
a lumen diameter of 70 ». The esophagus attains a length of 3.27 
mm. and a maximum thickness of about 235 p. ‘The nerve ring 
is located far anterior on the esophagus, about 430 » from the an- 
terior extremity in large specimens. The excretory pore is posterior 
of the nerve ring and 560 » from the anterior extremity of the body. 
The simple intestine is straight and of fairly uniform diameter from 
its anterior origin to its union with the cloaca. The posterior ex- 
tremity of the body is coiled in a spiral and bears two bursal alae 
(fig. 266). The alae are weil developed and rugose, with heavy, 
wavy, transverse markings. The left one is much longer and wider 
than the right. There are four pairs of 
preanal papillae, of which the posterior 
pair are nearly opposite the cloacal aper- 
ture, and two pairs of postanal papillae. 
There is an unpaired papilla on the ante- 
rior edge of the cloacal aperture. The spi- 
cules are unequal, the right spicule being 
longer, thicker, and more uniform in its 
curvature. It attains a length of about 1.2 
mm. and a thickness near its middle of 30 p. 
The distal extremity terminates in a blunt 
end beset with very small spiny processes. 
The left spicule has a more irregular curva- 
ture, tending to abrupt bends, and has a 





SWIC : FIG. 266.—PROTOSPIRURA MURIS. 
chitinous lamella. It attais a length of Bursa. x 34. AFTER 


. . . a sc 866. 
about 1 mm. and a thickness, inclusive of the — "CHNPPER 1866 


lamella, of about 30 p, as in the other spicule, or of 17 » for the body 
of the spicule exclusive of the lamella. Both spicules have an in- 
fundibular dilation proximally. In the bursal region, the ventral 
surface of the body is marked by elongate cuticular elevations formed 
by longitudinal depressions cutting into the prominent transverse 
cuticular annulations. The tail ends bluntly. The distance from 
the cloacal aperture to the tip of the tail is about 690 » in large 
specimens. ‘The testis extends forward to a distance equal to about 
twice the length of the esophagus from the anterior end of the body. 

Female 15 to 40 mm. long with a maximum thickness of about 
1.75 mm. The thick posterior portion of the body terminates in a 
very blunt rounded end just behind the anus, the most posterior 
portion being toward the dorsal surface. ‘The maximum head diam- 
eter is about 260 ». The esophagus attains a maximum length of 
about 4.3 mm., which is 1/9.3 of the total body length for the speci- 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. . vou. 50. 


men, and a maximum thickness of about 450 ». It communicates 
with the intestine by a large valve. An occasional constriction of 
the intestine posterior of this valve gives rise to an appearance of the 
anterior intestine which simulates an esophageal bulb. The nerve ring 
is far forward cn the esophagus as in the male. The anus is about 
520 » from the tip of the wedge-shaped dor- 
sal termination of the tail. The vulva is a 
little anterior of the middle portion of the 
body, and is a rather elliptical depression. 
From the vulva the vagina extends ii gen- 
eral posteriorly, though it is somewhat 
looped. The maximum length of the 
vagina and ovijectors to the bifurcation 
where the uterine branches originate is 
about 1mm. ‘The uteri are divergent. The 








Tia. 267.—PROTOSPIRURA MURIS. A 
Renin Anlenou maa SADSerlor, Uterus extends forward about to 


worm. Arter Leucxart, the posterior end of the esophagus. The 


1876. 1 : : : 
elliptical eggs attain a maximum diameter 


of about 56 by 30 », with a shell about 4 to 5 » thick. They contain 
an embryo when oviposited. 

Life history—tLeuckart (1867) and Marchi (1871) have described 
the life history of this worm. The eggs in the feces of the mouse 
are eaten by meal worms, Z'enebrio species, and the em OS escape 
and make their way to the body cavity. 
In five weeks they develop to encapsuled 
larvae (fig. 267) very similar to the larvae 
of species of Gongylonema. 

Hosts —Mus musculus, Epimys norvegt- 
cus (Mus decumanus), Epimys rattus 
(Mus rattus), Epimys alexandrinus (Mus 
alecandrinus), Epimys siporanus (Mus 
siporanus), Apodemus sylvaticus (Mus 
sylvaticus). 

Location.—Stomach. 





pe : is AP Fic. 268.—PROTOSPIRURA MURIS 
Localities —Austria (Vienna), Galicia, [SPIROPTERA BRAUNI]. BURSA. 


Germany (Berlin, Breslau, Greifswald), . E*tsee=>; A vou oe 


z u . stow, 1897. 
France (Rennes), Madagascar, island of 


Mentawei, Brazil, Algeria, United States (Washington, District of 
Columbia; Idabel, Oklahoma; Colorado Springs, Colorado). 

This species often occurs in mice in large numbers. Cobbold (1879) 
states that he has seen a mouse so heavily infested that it was un- 
able to run. I have seen one case in which the empty stomach was 
distended by a number of these worms which ballooned the stomach 
walls as so many clock springs might have done. 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALU. 207 


Spiroptera brauni von Linstow, 1897 (fig. 268), has been regarded 
here as a synonym of Protospirura muris. ‘This species was recorded 
from L'pimys rattus (Mus rattus) in Madagascar. It corresponds 
without conflict with Protospirura muris. 


PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA 
Hall, 1916, new species. 


Specific diagnosis. — Proto- 
spirura (p. 203): Large thick 
worms superficially resembling 
ascarids. The two large lips 
have a heavy chitinous invest- 
ment and are each deeply in- 
cised to form three lobes. On 
the median face each lobe bears 
a series of teeth, the middle 
tooth in each series being the 
largest and most prominent 
(fig. 269). Oneach side of this ~Vomm™~ eS 
large tooth there are three or Fic. 269.—PRotosPiRURA ASCAROIDEA. Lips, 

is 3 VIEWED FROM THE FRONT. 

four smaller teeth in the mid- 
dle lobe of each lip and two or three on the two outer lobes of each 
lip. These teeth are formed by differentiation from a continuous 
chitinous plate which forms a 
cutting edge between the teeth. 
Individual teeth may be 
notched to form secondary 
denticles. There are four large 
papillae, one at the base of 
each small lobe near its union 
with the large central lobe. 
There is a large cylindrical 
pharynx heavily lined with 
chitin (fig. 270). This chiti- 
nous lining is continuous with 
that covering the lips. Behind 
this is an esophagus which 
may be somewhat dilated at its 

yiomm. anterior extremity, in which 

TG, 270.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. ANTERIOR eyce jt quickly diminishes in 

EXTREMITY, LATERAL VIEW. a 
diameter and then gradually 
increases posteriorly, diminishing slightly at its union with the intes- 
tine. There is a valve at the union, the posterior portion of the 
esophagus being prolonged into the middle of the intestinal lumen. 
The cuticle is annulated with prominent transverse striations, and 
between, these are numerous fine transverse striations. 








208 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





Male 3.5 to 4.5 cm. long and 1 to 1.5 mm. thick (fig. 271). The 
head attains a maximum diameter of about 260 p. The pharynx is 
about 130 » long and the lumen is 60 » wide. The esophagus at- 
tains a maximum length of about 4.3 mm. and a maximum thick- 
ness of 380 p. The nerve ring is sit- 
uated near the anterior extremity of 
the esophagus, about 450 » from the 
anterior extremity of the body. The 
intestine constricts near its posterior 
extremity to form a piriform rectum 
which connects with the cloaca. There 
are two bursal alae, of which the left 
is over three times as long as the right. 
The ventral surface in the bursal re- 
gion shows the presence in the super- 
ficial structure of numerous refractive 
bodies. It also presents the usual 
rounded oblong cuticular markings of 
this genus and related genera (fig. 
272). The spicules are unequal. 
They present a somewhat irregular 
curvature and are narrow with a di- 
lated proximal extremity. The right 
one is 1.29 to 1.43 mm. long and the 
left is 775 to 860 p» long, the short one 
being shorter and the long one longer 
than the corresponding spicules in P. 
muris. ‘There is a chitinous accessory 
piece in the vicinity of the cloacal 
aperture. The clocal aperture is on 
an elevation 860 » to 1.11 mm. from 
the posterior extremity of the body. 
The posterior portion of the body is 
coiled in one or two turns and is much 
more rigid than the anterior portion. 
It terminates in a rounded end from 
which the bursal alae recurve poste- 





Imm. 


Fic. 271.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. riorly and then turn anteriorly. 


MALE. 
There are four pairs of large pre- 


anal papillae, which are increasingly larger from the one near- 
est to the cloacal aperture to the one farthest away, and 
two pairs of large postanal papillae, of which the posterior pair, 
about midway between the cloacal aperture and the end of the tail, 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 209 


is the largest and most prominent of the caudal papillae. The testis 
extends anteriorly to a point more than twice the length of the 
esophagus from the anterior end. The transformation from the 
vas deferens to the vesicula seminalis is strongly marked. 

Female 7.5 to 8.5 em. long with a maximum thickness of over 2 
mm. (fig. 273). The posterior extremity of the body terminates in 
a blunt cone which rounds off almost hemispherically. The head 
attains a maximum diameter of about 350 p. The pharynx is about 





Yom 


Fic. 272.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, 


155 » long and the lumen is about 95 » wide. The esophagus has a 
maximum length of about 5.2 mm. and a maximum thickness of 
about 575 ». The nerve ring is situated near the anterior extremity 
of the esophagus, about 380 » from the anterior extremity of the 
body. The intestine is constricted near its posterior extremity and 
then expanded in a discoid structure which connects by a short 
narrow tube with the anus (fig. 274). The anus is 1.37 to 1.46 mm. 
from the tip of the tail. The vulva is a little anterior of the union 
of the anterior and middle third of the body. The short muscular 
vagina (fig. 275) extends posteriovly from the vulva for a distance 
of about 515 p, where it meets a not so clearly delimited sphincter 
region about 260 » long. From this the common trunk of the 
uterus, distended with eggs, extends a distance of 2.24 mm. and 
forms the two divergent uterine branches. The anterior uterus 


10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——14. 


210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





extends forward to the posterior extremity of the esophagus, and 
the posterior uterus extends back almost to the anus. The eggs are 


Fig. 273.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. FEMALE. 
v., VULVA. 


in the two species are very sumilar, 
closely related. 





55 to 60 » by 82 to 35 pw in 
diameter and contain an em- 
bryo when oviposited (fig. 


276), 


Host.—Geomys breviceps. 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality.— Norman, Okla- 
homa. 

Type material. — No. 17942, 
U.S. N. M. (Bureau of Animal 
Industry helminthological col- 
lection). 

I am indebted for this mate- 
rial, as well as for much other 
material not yet described, to 
the courtesy of Mr. Herman 
Douthitt, of the University of 
Chicago. 

It should be noted that the 
type-species of this genus has 
two cervical papillae, the 
esophagus is a third to a fifth 
as long as the body, the vulva 
is near the middle of the body, 
the bursal alae are equal, and 
each lobe of the lips bears-only 
three teeth. It does not ap- 
pear, however, that these dif- 
ferences between the type- 
species and the species in- 
cluded here can be looked on 
as of more than specific value 
in view of the consistent re- 
semblance in other respects. 

P. ascaroidea is a decidedly 
larger species than P. muris, 
but corresponding structures 

and the two species are very 


No. 2131. 


NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 





SESE 


oe eS Ser 

FAT RTS 

Eee 
RAS 






Ra 
Rete U3} 

NSS ONY 
PENT ee 

















fs 


oe 





Fic. 274.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. POSTERIOR EXTREMITY OF FEMALE, 


211 


212 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ven. 50. 





i/zomm 


275. 276. 





FIGs. 275, 276.—PROTOSPIRURA ASCAROIDEA. 275, TERMINAL GENITALIA OF FEMALE. 276, EGG. 
Genus PHYSALOPTERA Rudolphi, 1819. 

Generic diagnosis—Spirurinae (p. 199): Mouth with two equal 
lips, each with three papillae and armed with teeth. Variable 
cuticular expansions posterior of the ips. Caudal bursa formed by 
a cuticular border of the deeply excavated posterior extremity and 
with this border continuous anteriorly across the ventral surface and 
connecting the lateral borders. Many caudal papillae of which four 
pairs, two preanal and two postanal, are stalked. Two unequal or 
subequal spicules. Two ovaries. Wulva toward the anterior por- 
tion of the body. Oviparous. Parasitic in the digestive canal, 
especially the stomach, of mammals, birds, and reptiles. 

Ty pe-species.—P hysaloptera clausa Rudolphi, 1819. 





ANALYTICAL KEY TO SPECIES OF PHYSALOPTERA. 


1. Male 6 mm. long. Female unknown_________~_- Physaloptera spirula, p. 218. 
Male, where known, 9 mm. long or longer. Females known ___-_-----_~_~ 745 
2. Females 7 to 18 mm. long. Males unknown______~ Physaloptera citilli, p. 2138. 
Hemales' 14 mm. long*or longer. Males) known222. 2 = 22 eee a 


3. Males over 20 mm. long. Females over 33 mm. long. 
Physaloptera muris-braziliensis, p. 213. 
Males less than 20 mm. long. Females less than 33 mm. long_____ ________- 4, 
4, Males 15 mm. long or longer and with a pair of postanal papillae close to 
the tip of the tail. Eggs spherical, 16 to 22 u in diameter. 
Physaloptera sciuri, p. 217. 
Males less than 15 mm. long; or if that long, with the last pair of postanal 


papillae relatively remote from the Up of the tail. Eggs elliptical and 


witha: maximum diameter exceeding. 22)7-5_- se ee ee eee 5. 

5. Males 15 mm. long or longer. Females over 20 mm. long. 
Physaloptera circularis, p. 215. 
Males less than 10 mm. long. Females less than 20 mm. long_____-_-_____ 6. 
6. Bursa margin with numerous scallops. Of the sessile caudal papillae there 
are 1 large unpaired preanal and 1 large unpaired postanal, and 2 pairs of 
nostanal-3. ee ee ee Physaloptera ruwenczorii, p. 216. 


area 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 2i3 





Bursa margin not scalloped. Of the sessile caudal papillae there are 1 un- 
paired preanal, 1 pair of preanai, and 5 pairs of postanal. 
Physaloptera abbreviata, p. 214. 


PHYSALOPTERA SPIRULA Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1828. 


Specific diagnosis —Physaloptera (p.212): Head continuous with 
body. Mouth papillate. 

Male 6 mm. long. Caudal extremity of the body provided with 
closed bursal alae. 

Female unknown. 

Hosts.—Procavia syriaca (Llyrax syriacus), (?) Procavia capensis 
(Hyrax capensis). 

Location.—Large intestine. 

Localities —Syria and Arabia. 

This species has been left in the genus Physaloptera because it was 
put in that genus and there is no evidence to show where it belongs. 
At the same time, the head structure, the size of the male, and the 
site of infestation suggest that this is not a species of Physaloptera 
within the present limits of the genus. Molin (1860c) has listed this 
species, apparently erroneously from Hyrar capensis (=Procavia 
CAPENSIS ) . 

PHYSALOPTERA CITILLI (Rudolphi, 1819) Hall, 1916. 


Synonym.—s piroptera citilli Rudolphi, 1819. 

Specific diagnosis.—P hysaloptera (p. 212): Body curved. Anterior 
extremity very slightly attenuated. Head rounded, continuous with 
the body, and with the cuticle inflated. Mouth with two large lips. 
Six head papulae, of which there are two conical papillae situated 
on each side near the angle of contact of the two lips, and one spheri- 
cal papilla at the base of each lip. Cuticle densely striate trans- 
versely. 

Male unknown. 

Female 7 to 13 mm. long and 400 u» thick. Posterior extremity 
obtuse. Vulva in anterior portion of body. 

Host—Citellus citellus (Arctomys citillus). 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality.—Not given. 

Molin (1860) has intimated that this species belongs in the genus 
Physaloptera, and, inasmuch as the evidence favors this view and 
the genus Spiroptera, to which Rudolphi assigned it, is without 
standing, it has accordingly been transterred to Physaloptera. 

PHYSALOPTERA MURIS-BRAZILIENSIS Diesing, 186:. 

Synonym.—Spiroptera bilabiata Molin, 1860a, not Spiroptera bila- 
biata (Creplin, 1829) Dujardin, 1845. 

Specific diagnosis —Physaloptera (p.212): Body attenuated ante- 
riorly and enlarged posteriorly. There are two large lips, each with 


214 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 








a large flat papilla (fig..277). The lips bear a small obtuse tooth 
externally and some leaflike inner teeth. The body is annulated with 
prominent transverse striations. . 
Male 24 to 80 mm. long. There are one unpaired preanal papilla 
and one pair of preanal papillae, and one 
unpaired postanal papilla and three pairs 
of postanal papillae (fig. 278). The un- 
paired preanal papilla is situated on the 
~ anterior edge of the cloacal aperture, and 





Fig. 277.—PHYSALOPTERA MURIS- : : ° ° 
BRAMENSIS. LIP, LATERAL VIEW: the unpaired postanal papilla is situated 


Entarcep. Arrer von Dras- between the first and second pairs of post- 


CHE, 1883. : 
, anal papillae. 


Female 34 to 45 mm. long. Caudal extremity straight and very 
obtuse. Anus close to tip of tail. 

Host.—“Mus braziliensis.” 

Location.—Stomach and small in- 
testine. 

Locality —Braazil. 

This species was restudied by von 
Drasche (1882). 

Diesing uses this name in the form 
Physaloptera muris braziliensis. It 
is apparently binomial in intent and 
has been retained here with the addi- 
tion of the hyphen to conform to 
present usage. 


PHYSALOPTERA ABBREVIATA Rudolphi, 
181g. 


Synonym.—P hysaloptera abbreyi- 
ata Rudolphi of Parona, 1909. 
Specific diagnosis. — Physaloptera 





Z ‘ Fic. 278.—PHYSALOPTERA MURIS-BRAZILI- 
(p.212) : Body broad and compressed. — pysis. PosrerioR EXTREMITY OF MALE, 


Cuticle thick and strongly undulant) "ee 


3 i VON DRASCHE, 1883. 
Two thorn-shaped cervical papillae, 


one in the dorsal and one in the ventral line. Mouth with two large 
lips, each bearing a large wedge-shaped tooth and on the inner face 
a number of small teeth (fig. 279). Each lip bears three papillae. 
The esophagus is one-twelfth as long as the entire body. 

Male 9 mm. long and 600 » thick. The bursa has a scalloped edge 
(fig. 280). The ventral surface of the body in the bursal region bears 
numerous conical cuticular points in longitudinal rows. There are 
one pair of sessile preanal papillae and one unpaired preanal papilla, 
and five pairs of postanal sessile papillae. The three preanal papillae 
and the first two pairs of postanal papillae are situated close to the 





NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 915 





cloacal aperture. The spicules are long and bent. The larger spic- 
ule is 2.7 mm. long. The tail is one-twenty-seventh as long as the 
entire body. 

Female 18 mm. long and 870 yp. thick. The rounded tail end is one- 
forty-seventh as long as the entire body. The vulva is in the anterior 
portion of the body 
and divides the body 
in the ratio of 8:31. 
The thick-shelled eggs 
are elliptical and are 
36 by 20 » in diameter. 

Host. — Graphiurus 
murinus. 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality. — Bhuinga, 
Africa. FIq. 279.—PHYSALOPTERA ABBREVIATA. ANTERIOR EXTREM- 

This species was de- ITy. ENLARGED. AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1883. 
scribed from reptiles and has been reported from reptiles. Von 
Linstow (1883) has reported it as a pseudo-parasite in the stomach 
of Ciconia alba, in which case it was apparently to be referred to 
snakes forming part of the diet. 
Parona (1909) reports it from 
Graphiurus murinus, under the 
name Ph. abbreyiata, which is 
apparently a misprint for PA. 
abbreviata. estates that there 
vere two males and three fe- 
males, but makes no comment 
of any sort. The record is 
strongly suggestive of an error 
of some sort. If there is no 
error, then the record, or a rec- 
ord of anything quite out of the 
ordinary, should carry some 
comment to relieve the reader 
of the suspicion that there is 
an error of some sort. 





PHYSALOPTERA CIRCULARIS 
von Linstow, 1897. 





Fig. 280.—PHYSALOPTERA ABBREVIATA. POSTE- 
RIOR EXTREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL VIEW. EN- Specific diagnosis. 
LARGED, AFTER VON LINSTOW, 1883. 





Physa- 
loptera (p. 212): The head is 
surrounded by a cuticular fold. There are two lips, each projecting 
forward in a small cone and bearing two rounded swellings on the 
inside and three papillae on the outside. The cuticle is deeply stri- 
ated transversely at intervals of 44 p. 


216 PROCEEDINGS OF THB NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Male 15.2 mm. long and 800 » thick. The esophagus is 1/43 of 
the entire body length and the tail is 1/15.4 of the entire body length. 
The cloacal aperture is surrounded by a circular cuticular fold (fig. 
281). There are a pair of sessile preanal papillae close to the cloacal 
epereure anteriorly, and an unpaired sessile postanal papilla close to 
the cloacal a aperture posteriorly. There are 
also three pairs of sessile postanal papillae, 
the last of which is remote from the posterior 
extremity of the body, and the first two of 
which are close together. 

Female 24 mm. long and 1.9 mm. thick. 
The tail is one-sixty-first of the entire body 
length. The very thick-shelled eggs are 
elliptical and 49 by 33 » in diameter. 

Host.—E pimys rattus (Mus rattus). 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality.— Madagascar. 

Von Linstow, in his description of this 
species, notes that the caudal papillae are 
different from those in Ph. muris-braziliensis. 





Fic. 281.—PHYSALOPTERA CIR- PHYSALOPTERA RUWENZORII Parona, 1907. 
CULARIS. POSTERIOR EX- ; : : 
TREMITY OF MALE, VENTRAL Specific diagnosis.—P hysaloptera (p. 912) ° 


view. AFTER VON LID- 


Body attenuated for a short space anteriorly. 
stow, 1897. 


Head with lips limiting the large buccal 
aperture with small papillae on each and without lateral membranous 
lobes (fig. 282). The teeth are large, conical, and mammilated. The 
esophagus is one-sixth or more of the entire body length. ‘The in- 
testine is straight. 

Male 9 to 9.5 mm. long. The copulatory bursa (fig. 283) is large. 
Tt comprises a large circular expansion anteriorly, prolonged poste- 
riorly by a conical portion. The circular anterior 
portion bears a large sessile unpaired preanal pa- 
pilla and a large sessile unpaired postanal papilla. /o ° 
The conical posterior portion bears two pairs of 
large sessile postanal papillae. The spicules are ric. 282—Puysator- 
straight except for a slight curve at the distal ex- fae eee 
tremity. The spicule sheath is imbutiform, with a  vmw. Entarcep. 
circular aperture posteriorly (fig. 283). The testis Se eet 
extends forward to the level of the posterior ex- 
tremity of the esophagus. Posterior of this point it is looped, but it 
becomes straight at the anterior origin of the posterior third of the 
body. 

Female 14 to 17 mm. long. The tail is long, attenuating toward 
the extremity. The vulva is at the union of the anterior and middle 


third of the body. It has an elevated margin and 1s surrounded by 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. Oe 





papille (fig. 284). The anterior ovary extends forward as far as the 
posterior extremity of the esophagus. The very numerous eggs are 
large, elliptical, and thick shelled, and not well developed when 
oviposited. 

Hosts —Arvicanthus abyssinicus, Epimys ugandae (Mus ugandae). 

Location.—tintestine. 

Locality —F ort Portal, Africa. 

Parona (1909) states that there are two 
small papillae posterior of the clocal aper- 
ture, but his figure is not in harmony with 
this. He also says that the body is not 
striated, but this is contradicted by his 
figures and is contrary to the condition 
customary in Physaloptera and related 
genera. 

I have assumed in the key that eggs stated 
as “large” exceed 22 » in diameter. That 
these egos should not be 


well developed at ov iposi- me i 
i| 
é 


tion is rather surprising. 





PHYSALOTERA SCIURI 
Parona, 1898. 





Fig. 283.—PHYSALOPTERA RU- 


34.— PHYSALOP- 
WENZORI. @, POSTERIOR EX- Saad . c Fig. 284. ! 
2C' fi » 0G CS. ; 
TREMITY OF MALE; }, SPI- Specific diagnosis TERA RUWENZORII. 


cules. Entarcep. Arter Physaloptera (p. 212): Cae re 

arg Mouth with two large lips ~ 
of circular contour. Each lip bears leafiike external teeth and has 
two papillae at its base (fig. 285). There is a large cuticular ring 
at the base of the head. The cuticle is transversely striated. 

Male 16 mm. long and 500 » thick. The head is 13 y in diameter 
at the level of the cuticular ring. The cuticular striations are at 
intervals of 25 » and are more distinct in the posterior portion of the 
body. The bursa is large and lanceolate in outline (fig. 286). No 
sessile preanal papillae observed. There are three pairs of sessile 
postanal papillae and one unpaired sessile postanal papilla. This 
latter is close to the cloacal aperture. The posterior pair of post- 
anal papillae are close to the tip of the tail and the other two pairs 
of postanal papillae are near the margin of the bursa and approxi- 
mately midway between the posterior pair and the unpaired papilla, 
There are numerous cuticular elevations in the postanal region, a 
prominent series extending from the last pair of postanal papillae to 
the last pair of stalked papillae. ‘The cloacal aperture is large and 
circular and has a scalloped, elevated margin. 


918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


Female-17 to 32 mm. long and 1 mm. thick. The posterior ex- 
tremity is obtuse. The vulva is not prominent and is located near 
the union of the anterior and middle thirds of the body. The small 

eggs are spherical and are 16 to 22 » in diam- 
eter. 
Host.—Sciurus melanogaster. 
Location.—Stomach and intestine. 
Locality—Island of Mentawei. 
Parona (1909) states that there is a single 
uterus extending posteriorly from the vulva, 
“T/utero ad un solo tuboe che si estende all’in- 

Fila.) | 285. —PHYssloPmeks dietro.” ‘This can hardly be accepted asicor- 

SCIURI. ANTERIOR EX- 3 f 

TREMITY, LATERAL view. Yect, even on Parona’s authority. His figures 

ENLARGED. AFTER PAa- indicate that this is a species of Physaloptera, 

RONA, 1898. nae 

and it is more likely that one branch of a uterus 
has been overlooked, a very simple matter, than that we have here a 
species with the other characteristics of Physaloptera, but with a 
single uterus. Incidentally it may be noted that the shape of the 
eggs is unusual, and correlated with the small size it 
suggests that the eggs observed. were immature. 







» 


J 


i. 


(is 
I 
\W 


iN 






N 





Subfamily ARDUFHNNINAHE Railliet and Henry, 
1911, 

Subfamily diagnosis —Spiruridae (p. 190) : Mouth 
with two lips leading into a pharynx, which is 
strengthened by cuticular ridges in the form of rings 
or spirals. Spicules unequal, the longer several 
times the length of the shorter. Four pairs of pre- 
anal papillae. Eggs containing embryos when ovi- 
posited. 
~ Type-genus—Arduenna Railliet and Henry, 1911. 


Genus PHYSOCEPHALUS Diesing, 1861. 


Generic diagnosis —Arduenninae (p. 218): Body 
elongated, tapering slightly anteriorly. Head 
marked off from the remainder of the body by a 
cuticular inflation ending abruptly in a circular line Fic. 236—Puysa- 
a short distance anterior of the posterior end of the Bune. Ew. 
pharynx. Extending from the base of the cuticular taraep. Arrer 
inflation to about the middle of the body are six  ***°%* 78% 
lateral alae, three on each side, the middle wing of each side 
being wider than the others. Mouth with two lips, each in- 
cised to form three lobes and each lobe bearing one papilla. The 
mouth communicates with an inconspicuous buccal cavity which is 
without teeth, and this in turn opens into a relatively long and 





NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 219 





wide pharynx. The walls of the pharynx are marked by cuticular 
ridges in the form of both spirals and rings and extending the length 
of the pharynx. The tail of the male is twisted spirally and fur- 
nished with a narrow symmetrical bursa supported by four pairs 
of preanal papillae. Spicules long and unequal, the left spicule 
about five times as long as the right. Vulva somewhat posterior of 
the middle of the body. Eggs smooth, with thick shells, and con- 
taining embryos when oviposited. Endoparasitic in the stomach 
of Suidae and rodents. 

Ty pe-species.—Physocephalus  sexalatus 
(Molin, 1860a) Diesing, 1861. 


PHYSOCEPHALUS MEDIOSPIRALIS (Molin, 1860a) Hall, 1916. 


Synonyms.—sS piroptera mediospiralis Molin, 
1860a; Spiroptera tapiri-americani in M. C. V. 
of Molin, 1860a; Spiroptera caviae aguti in M. 
C. V. of Molin, 1860a; Spiroptera chrisoptera 
Molin, 1858a, of von Drasche, 1882. FIG. 287,—PHYsocEPHALUS 

Specific diagnosis.—Physocephalus (p. 218) > eee eae 
Body twisted spirally in the middle, attenuate x 280. ArrzR von 
anteriorly and enlarged posteriorly. Head dis- pa aes 
tinct from body and with inflated cuticle (fig. 287). Pharynx with 
rings and spirals. Anterior extremity gradually attenuate and trun- 
cate at head end. Three lateral alae on each side, the median the 
larger, and all transversely striated. Posterior extremity thickened. 

Male 26 to 86 mm. long and 400 yp thick. Posterior extremity 
twisted in a spiral of three turns and terminating obtusely. Bursal 
membrane sustained by four papillae. One spicule is long, thick, and 
tubular; the other spicule not noted. 

Female 40 to 46 mm. long and 500 ». thick. Posterior extremity 
thickened and only slightly bent; terminates in an obtuse, umbonate 
tip. Anus near the tip of the tail. Vulva not observed. 

LHost.—Dasyprocta aguti (Dasyprocta agoutt). 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality —Brazil. 

In the above description the statement that the pharynx has rings 
and spirals is based on a statement that the body is so marked. It 
is very easy to get the impression that the markings of the pharynx 
are on the body in mounts of Physocephalus and Arduenna. More- 
over, such spiral markings would be highly exceptional in the body, 
whereas they fit with the rest of the description if regarded as 
pharyngeal markings. 

Von Drasche (1882) regards Spiroptera mediospiralis Molin, 
1860a, and Spiroptera chrisoptera Molin, 1858a, both of which 
species have been reported from Vapirus americanus, as identical. 











220 PROCEEDINGS QF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


If this view is correct, the specific name used here is the wrong one. 
Von Drasche examined the material for both species. On the other 
hand, Molin (1860@) groups these species in two different groups 
in his monograph of the genus Spiroptera, regarding S. mediospiralis 


as armed and 8. chrisoptera as unarmed. In view of the fact that ~ 


modern parasitologists have confused Arduenna strongylina and 
Physocephalus sewalatus from swine in recent years, it would not be 
surprising if two different species looked alike to von Drasche. Ac- 
cordingly, S. mediospiralis, which is the one of the two species in 
question which has the characteristic six lateral alae and is the one 
reported from Dasyprocta agouti, is transferred to Physocephalus, 
leaving the possible identity of Spivoptera chrisoptera to be deter- 
mined, if possible, by a reexamination of the original material or a 
study of new material from the hosts in question. 

Physocephalus mediospiralis is described as having a head with 
four tubercles in cruciform arrangement and with pointed apices, and 
with an orbicular, large, bare mouth. This hardly conforms to the 
generic characteristics of Physocephalus, but in view of the agree- 
ment on other points it seems likely that further study would result 
in a better statement of the lip and mouth structure which would 
conform with the generic characteristics. 


Subfamily uncertain. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO UNPLACED SPECIES OF SPIRURIDAE, 


daewoundein urinary bladder =<]. 2 85 aes ee a Spiroptera ratti, p. 221. 
Nottound insuninarybladder® 222222 lee ees See ae 32 ee 2 

2. Adult worms with 4 lateral alae in cruciform arrangement. 
Spiroptera quadrialata, p. 221. 
AAULtS or larvae without lateral alaess == le eae ee ee ee 3. 
8. Adult worms with a bifid tail ; found in liver____________ Filaria bifida, p. 221. 
Adults without a bifid tail, or larvae; not found in liver_ _.-___-___ 4: 
4, Adult worms:found) inthe body cavity {222425 eee ee Filaria conica, p. 222. 
Harvalor probably darvals worms == 22k ese eee 5: 
5. Undescribed species found in esophageal nodules__Spiroptera hystrichis, p. 222. 
Not. found, in-esophageal mnodwilese2 22S ee ee ee 6. 


6. In abdominal cavity, stomach, walls of stomach, and in cecum of Sear- 
turus tetradactylus (Dipus tetradactylus). 
Nematoideum dipodis-tetradactyli, p. 223. 
Not reported from Scarturus tetradactylus (Dipus tetradactylus) —_~------ te 
7. Undescribed species from stomach of J/us species (lus minimus). 
Spiroptera species von Linstow, p. 228. 
Described species from cysts in walls of digestive tract of rat. 
Npiroptera species Gerstaecker, p. 223. 


It is quite possible that some of the species listed in this key are 


not properly referable to the Spiruridae or even to the Filarioidea. 
In the absence of adequate data, the judgment and authority of the 





No. 2131 NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 271 





person proposing the name is all we have on which to assign species 
to higher taxonomic groups. 


SPIROPTERA RATTI Diesing, 1851. 


Specific diagnosis.—None. 

Host—Epimys ratius (Mus rattus). 

Location —Urinary bladder. 

Locality —Germany (Berlin). 

This species was proposed for a nematode recorded by Gurlt with 
no data other than the host, location, and locality, and must be re- 
garded as a nomen nudum. The worm may or may not have been 
Trichosomoides crassicauda. 


SPIROPTERA QUADRIALATA Molin, 1860a. 


Specific diagnosis —Spiruridae (?) (p. 190): Head continuous 
with body. Mouth aperture triangular and provided with papillae. 
No lips or buccal cavity. Anterior extremity abruptly attenuate, with 
truncate tip. Body with four broad lateral alae arranged in cruci- 
form fashion. 

Male unknown. 

Female 8 mm. long and 200 yp thick. Posterior extremity of body 
gradually attenuates to form a long and very sharp cone. The anus 
is remote from the tip of the tail. The vulva is in the posterior por- 
tion of the body. It has two lips and bears papillae anteriorly and 
posteriorly in the median line. 

Host.—Mus musculus. 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality —Brazil. 

The above description suggests that there 1s an error here. While 
the site of infestation and the claim that the vulva is in the posterior 
portion of the body would bear out the assignment of this species to 
the genus Spiroptera, other things throw considerable doubt on this. 
The structure of the tail and position of the anus suggest Oxyuris, 
and, in view of the alae, this worm is probably Oxyuris tetraptera, 
erroneously reported from the stomach of its customary host. The 
record as to the position of the vulva is probably due to an error in 
observation. 

FILARIA BIFIDA Molin, 18580. 


Synonyms.—Filaria muris-scandentis of Molin, 1858) (label 
name) ; Dicheilonema bifidum (Molin, 1858)) Diesing, 1861. 

Specific diagnosis—Spiruridae (?) (p. 190): Body attenuated at 
both extremities, with a very short bifid tail tip. Mouth elliptical, 
with two small unarmed lips. 


702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


Male 50 mm. long. Posterior extremity spirally enrolled. 

Female.—Posterior extremity curved. 

Host.—Kannabateomys amblyonyx (Dactylomys amblyonyx). 

Location.—Liver. 

Locality.—Brazil (Majo and Ypanema). 

This is one of the species placed by Diesing (1861) in his genus 
Dicheilonema. This genus is based on a rather uncertain set of 
characters. In his generic diagnosis he states that there are usually 
two ovaries in the female, but occasionally more. The type-species, 
Dicheilonema labiatum (Creplin, 1825) Diesing, 1861, selected by 
Stiles and Hassall (1905), has five ovaries. Since it is more uniikely 
that Filaria bifida has five ovaries than that it has two, the genus 
Dicheilonema has been left out of consideration in this paper. 


FILARIA CONICA Molin, 1858). 


Synonym.—Dicheilonema conicum (Molin, 18580) Diesing, 1861. 

Specific diagnosis.—Spiruridae (?) (p. 190): Filiform body attenu- 
ated anteriorly and posteriorly but increasing slightly in diameter 
in the vicinity of the mouth. Mouth elliptical, with two small coni- 
cal unarmed lips. 

Male unknown. 

Female 42 mm. long and 500 », thick. Posterior extremity curved, 
with a mucronate tip. 

Hosts.—Dasyprocta aguti (Dasyprocta agouti) ,Myoprocta acouchy 
(Cavia acushy). 

Location.—Abdominal cavity. 

Locality.—Brazil. 

As in the case of Filaria bifida, this species has been placed by 
Diesing (1861) in his genus Dichetlonema, but that genus has not 
been held to apply in this case for the reasons given in discussing the 
foregoing species. The incomplete description does not permit of 
placing the species in any other genus. 


SPIROPTERA HYSTRICHIS (Rudolphi, 1809) Rudolphi, 1819. 


Synonym.—Strongylus hystrichis Rudolphi, 1809. 

Specific diagnosis.—N one. 

Host.—H ystrix cristata. 

Location.—In nodules in the esophagus. 

Locality. —Italy. 

The finding of this worm was recorded by Redi (1708). The 
name given by Rudolphi is entirely unaccompanied by descriptive 
data and is a nomen nudum. There is no evident reason why the 


—_—_ lle re 


pile Bene ie > 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 925 


worm should be transferred from the genus Strongylus to Spiroptera, 
but in default of any contradictory indications his latest choice is 
followed instead of the earlier one. 


NEMATOIDEUM DIPODIS-TETRADACTYLI Creplin, 1844. 


Specific diagnosis.—None. 

Host.—Scarturus tetradactylus (Dipus tetradactylus). 

Location—In abdominal cavity, the stomach, the walls of the 
stomach, and the cecum. 

Locality — Germany (Breslau). 

This record is placed here on the chance that it might be a larval 
member of the Filarioidea. There is no more likelihood of this, 
probably, than there is that it is a member of the Strongyloidea. 
The name Vematoideum is noncommittal, as it is a collective group 
name without generic status or type species, and is erected for the 
reception of species that can not be referred to any existing genera. 


SPIROPTERA species von Linstow, Igor. 


Specific diagnosis.—N one. 

Host.—Mus species (“ Mus minimus”). 

Location.—Stomach. 

Locality — Nyassa Lake, German East Africa. 

Von Linstow states in comment that the material covered by this 
record was sexually undeveloped. 


SPIROPTERA species Gerstaecker, 1866. 


Synonyms.—s piroptera species Bakody, 1866; Zrichina bakodyti 
Cobbold, 1879. 

Specific diagnosis—Spiruridae (7?) (p. 190): Cysts 640 to 700 p 
long and 520 p» thick. The coiled-up worm in the cyst occupies a 
lumen 350 to 870 uw in diameter, while the cyst wall is 100 to 120 p 
thick (fig. 288). The larva is 1.4 mm. long and 100 to 110 » thick. 
The body appears compressed rather than slender. It narrows 
close to the anterior end and attenuates to form a conical termi- 
nation posterior of the anus. The cuticle is transversely striated. 
On each side of the mouth aperture the head projects in a small, 
pointed, conical, sharply contoured papilla (fig. 289). The anal 
aperture is ventral, but it lies toward the periphery in the coiled-up 
worm in the cyst and so gives the impression of being dorsal. The 
tail ends in a knob-shaped process bearing on its surface small 
conical spines (fig. 290). One specimen shows seven of these on the 


994 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 





terminal edge and five or six on the upper surface of the knob. The 
posterior portion of the intestine is slightly bent in an S shape. 

Host.—E pimys species, “ rat.” 

Location.—Encysted in walls of the digestive tract. 

Locality. Hungary (Budapest). 

Gerstaecker notes that these worms, which 
were collected by Bakody, differ in size and 
in other respects from 7Z'richinella spiralis. 





288. 289. 


Fiq@s. 288-290.—SPIROPTERA SPECIES. 288, @, WORM IN CYST; b, REMOVED FROM CYST. AFTER GERS- 
TAECKER, 1866. 289, ANTERIOREXTREMITY. ENLARGED, AFTER GERSTAECKER, 1866. 290, POSTERIOR 
EXTREMITY. ENLARGED. AFTER GERSTAECKER, 1866. 


It might also be noted that they do not agree with the larval Ollu- 
lanus, which might also be considered as a possibility in this case. 
The posterior extremity does agree with that of larval members of 
the Filarioidea, such as the larval Habronema muscae described by 
Ransom (1913). 

There are some minor discrepancies in the measurements given for 
the cysts in the above description. 


a a 


ADDENDUM. 


Seurat (1916: Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Par., v. 79 (2), pp. 64-68, 
figs. 1-3) has recently divided Oxyuris as follows: Oxyuris Rudolphi, 
type O. equi (Schrank); Passalurus Dujardin, type P. ambiguus 
(Rudolphi); Syphacia Seurat, type S. obvelata (Rudolphi); and 
Fusarella Seurat, type F. vermicularis (Linneus). Railliet and 
Henry (1916: Ibidem, v. 79 (3), pp. 118-115) follow him with a 
paper dividing the Oxyuridae into five groups as follows: (1) Those 
forms with a single spicule, no gubernaculum, and the vulva anterior 
to posterior in location; (2) those with one spicule and a gubernacu- 
um, vulva anterior or posterior; (3) those with two equal spicules, 
no gubernaculum, and vulva in the middle or posterior; (4) those 
with two equal spicules and a gubernaculum, and the vulva in the 
middle or rarely anterior; (5) those with two unequal spicules and a 
gubernaculum, and with the vulva near the anus. The species 
included in the present paper would fall for the most part in the 
genus Syphacia, which is in the second group; O. triradiata appar- 
ently remains in the restricted genus Oxyuris, in the first group; and 
some may fallin HLnterobius (of which Fusarella and Oxyurias are syn- 
onyms) in the first group. The genus Welcomea Sambon, 1907, 
founded on the eversion of the vagina, may need to be considered 
with a view to differentiating its species from those of Syphacia. 

Seurat (1916: Ibidem, v. 79 (3), pp. 143-146, figs. 1-5) notes that 
Protospirura numidica Seurat, 1915, originally described from Lelis 
ocreata, is a pseudo-parasite in that host and a normal parasite of 
Arvicanthis barbarus. P. numidica is smaller than P. ascaroidea, 
since the female attains a maximum length of not over 35 mm.; the 
lobes of the lips have fewer denticles (2 to 4) than P. muris; and the 
eggs are much larger (52 » long) than those of P. labiodentata. Re- 
ported from Algeria. 

Seurat (1916: Ibidem, v. 79 (3), pp. 146-149, figs. 1-2) has noted 
that Rictularia proni Seurat, 1915, described from LHerpestes ichneumon 
is likewise a pseudo-parasite with Arvicanthis barbarus as its normal 
host. This species is larger than R. coloradensis, since the female 
attains a maximum length of 39.7 mm., and can be differentiated 
from the other species of Rictularia from rodents by the fact that 
the vulva is in the region of the thirty-fourth pair of combs. Re- 
ported from Algeria. 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 15 225 





aright! 


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ERT es agen 1s re ona 


Mea TN pT ey a Qual 


ue toe LS af cid RSME ita 


reas wal CLAN he, 


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DBisT OF HOSTSAND THELR PARASITES. 


RODENTIA. 


Family MURIDAE. 


Apodemus sylvaticus: 
Trichuris muris. 
Trichosoma muris-sylvatict. 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Oxryuris stroma. 

Oxryuris tetraptera. 
IHecligmosomum laeve. 
Heligmosomun minutum. 
Viannaia polygyra. 
Rictularia cristata. 
Protospirura muris. 

Arvicanthis abyssinicus: 
Trichuris muris. 
Physaloptera ruwenzori. 

Arvicanthis barbarus: 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Rictularia pron. 
Protospirura numidica, 

Arvicanthis pulchellus: 
Strongylus minutoides. 

Arvicola amphibius: 
Trichosomum lemmi. 
Trichuris muris. 

Oxryuris obvelata. 
Strongylus lemmi [?]. 
Arvicola arvalis. See Microtus arva- 


lis. 

Arvicola campestris. See Microtus ar- 
valis. 

Arvicola glareolus. See Evotomys gla- 
reolus. 

Arvicola rubidus. See Hvotomys gla- 
reolus. 

Arvicola subterraneus. See Pitymys 
subterraneus. 


Cricetomys gambianus: 
Heterakis spumosa. 

Cricetus cricetus: 
Trichinella spiralis. 
Oxyuris tetraptera. 


Cricetus frumentarius. See Cricetus 
cricetus. 

Cricetus vulgaris. See Cricetus crice- 
tus. 


Dipodilla campestris. See Dipodillus 

campestris. 

Dipodillus campestris: 

Allodapa clongata. 
Heligmosomum laeve. 
Gongylonema brevispiculum. 

Hpimys alexandrinus: 
Fiepaticola hepatica. 
Protospirura muris. 

Epimys norvegicus: 
Strongyloides papillosus, 
Capillaria annulosa. 
Capillaria schmidti. 
Hepaticola hepatica. 
Trichosomoides crassicauda. 
Trichinella spiralis. 
Heterakis spumosa. 
Heligmosomum  bracziliense. 
Strongylus species. 
Gongylonema neoplasticum. 
Protospirura nuris. 

Epimys rattus: 

Capillaria annulosa. 
Capillaria papillosa. 
Trichuris muris. 
Trichosomoides crassicauda. 
Heterakis spumosa. 
Oxyuris obvelata. 
Gongylonema neoplasticum. 
Protospirura muris. 
Physaloptera circularis. 
Spiroptera ratti. 

Filaria species. 

Fipimys siporanus: 

Protospirura muris. 

Epimys surifer: 

Filaria muricola. 

Epimys ugandae: 

Trichuris muris. 
Oxryuris obvelata, 
Physaloptera ruwenzorit. 

Hpimys species (reported from “rat’’) : 
Spirura talpae. 

Spiroptera species. 


w 
w 
4 


228 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


vou. 50. 





RODENTIA—Continued. 


Family Muriar—Continued. 


Tvotomys glareolus: 
Oryuris obvelata. 
Lvotomys rutilus: 
Ozyuris obvelata. 
Biber eibethicus. See Ondatra zibeth- 
ica. 
ifesperomys leucogaster. 
chomys leucogaster. 
Hesperomys nasutus. 
cus nasutus. 
Hesperomys  physodes. 
chilus physodes. 


See Ony- 
See Peromys- 


See JHolo- 


Hesperomys species: 
Filaria circularis. 
Holochilomys brasiliensis. 
chilus brasiliensis. 
Holochilus brasiliensis: 
Trichuris muris. 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Holochilus physodes: 
Trichuris muris. 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Leggada minutoides. 


See Holo- 


See Mus minu- 


toides. 
Lemmus amphibius. See Arvicola 
amphibius. 
Lemmus arvalis. See Microtus ar- 
valis. 
Lemmus dasytrichus. See Oxymyc- 


terus rufus. 
Lemmus rutilus. 
tilus. 
Micromys minutus: 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Microtus arvalis: 
Trichuris muris. 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Heligmosomum costellatum. 
Heligmosomum minutum, 
Viannaia polygyra. 
Heligmosomoides linstowi. 
Mus albus: 
Trichinella spiralis. 
Mus alerandrinus. See Hpimys alexr- 
andrinus. 
Mus amphibius. 
phibius. 
Mus arvalis. See Microtus arvalis. 
Mus braziliensis: 
Physaloptera muris-braziliensis. 
Mus capensis. See Georychus capen- 
Sis, 


See Hvotomys ru- 


See Arvicola am- 


Mus decumanus. 
vegicus. 
Mus minimus. See Mus species. 
Mus minutoides: 
Ascaris species. 


See Hpimys nor- 


Oxyuris obvelata. 
Mus minutus. See Micromys minutus. 
Mus musculoides: 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Mus musculus: 
Capillaria bacillata. 
Trichuris muris. 
Trichosoma nuris-musculi. 
Trichinella spiralis. 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Oxryuris tetraptera. 
Strongylus lemmi [?]. 
Ollulanus tricuspis. 
Gongylonema musculi. 
Gongylonema neoplasticum. 
Protospirura muris. 
Spiroptera quadrialata. 
Mus musculus albus: 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Mus navalis: [Possibly Microtus ni- 
valis. | 
Protospirura labiodentata. 
Mus norvegicus. See EHpimys norvegi- 
cus. 
Mus rattus. 
Mus siporanus. 
Mus species: 
Spiroptera species. 
Mus surifer. See Epimys surifer. 
Mus sylvaticus. See Apodemus  syl- 
vaticus. 
Mus ugandae. See Epimys ugandae. 
Neotoma cinerea rupicola: 
Nematodirus neotoma. 
Neotoma desertorum: 
Nematodirus neotoma. 
Neotoma floridana baileyi: 
Nematodirus neotoma. 
Neotoma mexicana fallax: 
Oxyuris obvelata. 
Nematodirus neotoma. 
Nyctomys species: 
Microfilaria plimmeri. 
Ondatra zibethica: 
Capillaria ransomia. 
Trichostrongylus fiberius. 
Trichuris opaca. 


See Hpimys rattus. 
See Lpimys siporanus. 





No. 2131. 


NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 


229 


RODENTIA—Continued. 


Family MurtaAr—Continued. 


Onychomys leucogaster: 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Otomys irroratus: 
Strongylus cavalli. 
Uncinaria muridis. 
Otomys irroratus tropicalis: 
Strongylus cavalli. 
Uneinaria muridis. 
Oxrymycterus nasutus: 
Oxryuris obvelata. 


Ozrymycterus rufus: 
Rictularioides ainphiacanthun. 
Peromyscus nasutus: 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Pitymys subterraneus: 
Oxryuris obvelata. 
Heligmosomum laeve. 
Heligmosomum minutum. 


Family GEOMYIDAE. 


~Geomys breviceps: 
Protospirura ascaroidea. 


Thomomys fossor: 
Trichuris fossor. 
Heligmosomum vexillatum, 
Ransomus rodentorum. 


Family OCTODONTIDAE. 


Ctenodactylus gundi: 
Oxryuris hilgerti. 
Seuratum tacapense. 
Nematodirus spathiger. 

Dactylomys amblyonyx. See Kanna- 

bateomys amblyonye. 

Eehinomys antricola. See Thrichomys 

apereoides. 

EHuryzygomatomys rufus: 

Filaria diacantha. 

EKuryzygomatomys spinosus: 

Filaria diacantha. 

Isothriz bistriata: 
Trichuris muris. 

Tsothrivx pachyura. 

pachyurus. 


See Thrichomys 


Kannabateomys amblyonyx: 
Filaria bifida. 
Loncheres bistriata. 
triata. 


See Isothria bis- 


Loncheres rufa. See Huryzygomatomys 
rufus. 
Mesomys spinosus. 
tomys spinosus. 
Myocastor coypus: 
Oxyuris hamata. 
Myopotamus coypus. 
COYPUS. 
Thrichomys apereoides: 
Trichuris muris. 
Thrichomys pachyurus: 
Strongylus isotrichis. 


See Huryzygoma- 


See Myocastor 


Family DASyPROCTIDAE., 


Agouti paca. See Cuniculus paca. 
Cavia acushy. See Myoprocta acouchy. 
Cavia agouti. See Dasyprocta aguti. 
Cavia paca. See Cuniculus paca. 
Coelogenys paca. See Cuniculus paca. 
Cuniculus paca: 

Subulura uncinata. 

Strongylus sedecimradiatus. 
Dasyprocta agouti. 

aguti. 


See Dasyprocta 


Dasyprocta aguti: 
Trichuris gracilis. 
Heterakis verrucosa. 
Hucyathostomum copulatum. 
Filaria conica. 
Physocephalus mediospiralis. 
Myoprocta acouchy: 
Filaria. conica. 


Family ERETHIZONTIDAE. 


Cercolabes prehensilis. 
prehensilis. 
Coendou prehensilis : 
Filaria diacantha. 


See Coendou 


Erethizon dorsatum: 
Oxyuris evoluta. 
Strongylus sinuplex. 
Filaria subcutanea. 
Microfilaria species. 


230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


vou. 50. 





RODENTIA—Continued. 


Family ERETHIZONTIDAE—Continued. 


Erethizon epixanthum: 
Oxyuris evoluta. 
Hystrix dorsata. See Brethizon dor- 
satum. 


Hystrix prehensilis. 
hensilis. 


See Coendou pre- 


Family HySTRIcIDAE. 


Acanthion brachyura: 
Oxyuris evoluta. 
Hystrix brachyura. 
brachyura. 


See Acanthion 


Hystrix cristata: 
Trichuris ovis. 
Trichuris infundibulus. 
Oxyuris stossichi. 
Filaria martis. 
Spiroptera hystrichis. 


Family ScrurimDAE. 


Ammospermophilus leucurus cinnamo- 
meus: 
Oxyuris triradiata. 
Arctomys citellus. See Citellus citel- 
lus. 
Arctomys citillus. 
lus. 
Arctomys marmota. 
marmota. 
Arctomys 
MONAL. 
Atlantoxerus getulus: 
Dermatoxys getula. 
Oxyuris pallaryi. 
Callospermophilus lateralis: 
Oxryuris triradiata. 
Citellus beecheyi: 
Microfilaria rosenaui. 
Citellus citellus: 
Trichuris leporis. 
Oxyuris obvelata. 
Physaloptera citilli. 
Citellus elegans: 
Citellinema bifurcatum. 
Dremomys rufigenis: 
Rictularia elvirae. 
Eutamias amoenus operarius: 
Heterorzynema cucullatum, 
Butamias quadrivittatus: 
Warrenius quadrivittati. 
Rictularia coloradensis. 
Eucerus erythropus: 
Subulura boueti. 
Funisciurus carruthersi: 
Strongylus cavalli. 


See Citellus citel- 


See Marmota 


Monan. See Marmota 


Geosciurus capensis: 
Oxyuris polyoon. 


Marmota marmota: 

Ascaris pigmentata. 

Marmota monae: 

Ascaris laevis. 

Sciurus aberti mimus: 
Trichostrongylus delicatus. 

Sciurus atrodorsalis: 

Oxyuris sciuri. 

Sciurus caniceps: 
Filaria linstow%t. 

Sciurus igniventris: 
Filaria pistillaris. 

Sciurus melanogaster: 
Rictularia fallax. 
Physaloptera sciuri. 

Sciurus rujigenis. See Dremomys rufi- 

genis. 

Sciurus species: 

Subulura anderson. 

Sciurus vulgaris: 
Oxyuris acutissima. 
Oxryuris ungula. 

Spermophilus citellus. See Citellus 

citellus. 

Spermophilus  citillus. See Citellus 

citellus. 

Xerus erythropus. 

thropus. 

Xerus getulus. See 

getulus. 

Xerus setosus. See Geosciurus capensis. 


See Huxrerus ery- 


Atlantozxerus 


No, 2131. 


NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 231 





RODENTIA—Continued. 


Family JACULIDAE. 


Dipus jaculus. See Jaculus jaculus. 
Dipus sagitta. See Jaculus sagitta. 


Dipus tetradactylus. See Scarturus 


tetradactylus. 
Jaculus jaculus: 
Oxyuris tetraptera. 


Jaculus sagitta: 
Oxyuris tetraptera. 
Scarturus tetradactylus: 
Nematoideum  dipodis - tetradac- 
tyli. 


Family BATHYERGIDAE. 


“ Georhychos illigeri.” 
capensis. 


Georhynchus capensis. See Georychus 


capensis. 


See Georychus 


Georychus capensis: 
Trichuris contorta. 
Trichuris muris. 


Family MUSCARDINIDAE. 


Dyromys nitedula: 
Rictularia cristata. 
Eliomys quercinus: 
Trichosomum myowi-nitelae. 
Heligmosomum laeve. 
Glis glis: 
Heligmosomum gracile. 
Rictularia cristata. 
Graphiurus murinus: 
Physaloptera abbreviata. 
Muscardinus avellanarius: 
Rictularia cristata. 


Myorus avellanarius. See Muscardi- 
nus avellanarius. 

Myovus dryas. See Dyromys nitedula. 

Myovus glis. See Glis glis. 

Myorus muscardinus. See Muscardi- 
nus avellanarius. 

Myoxus nitedula. 
dula. 

Myoxrus nitella. 
cinus. 


See Dyromys ivite- 


See Eliomys quer- 


Family CAvripAkE. 


Cavia aperea: 
Subulura uncinata. 
Cavia aperia. See Cavia aperea. 
Cavia cobaya. See Cavia porcellus. 
Cavia porcellus: 
Trichinella spiralis. 
Paraspidodera uncinata. 
Gongylonema neoplasticum. 


Hydrocherus capibara. 
choerus hydrochaeris. 
Hydrochoerus capybara. 
choerus hydrochacris. 
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris: 

Oxryuris obesa. 
Viannaia hydrocheri. 


See Hydro- 


See Hydro- 


Family CASTORIDAE. 


Castor fiber: 
Trichocephalus castoris. 
Ascaris castoris. 
Strongylus species. 
Filaria species. 
Gongylonema (?) species. 


Family, genus, and species unknown. 


“Large rodent: ” 
Acheilostoma simpsoni. 
Trachypharyne nigeriae. 


232 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


you. 50. 





LAGOMORPHA. 


Family Lreporipar. 


Lepus arcticus: 
Ozyuris ambigua. 
Lepus brasiliensis. See Sylvilagus bra- 
siliensis. 
Lepus californicus melanotis: 
Dermatoxys veligera. 
Lepus campestris: 
Filaria scapiceps. 
Lepus cuniculus. See Oryctolagus cu- 
niculus. 
Lepus cuniculus domesticus, 
ryctolagus cuniculus. 
Lepus cuniculus ferus. 
gus cuniculus. 


see O- 


See Oryctola- 


Lepus europaeus: 
Trichuris leporis. 
Trichinella spiralis. 
(?) Hepaticola hepatica. 
Oxryuris ambigua. 
Strongylus leporwm. 
Trichostrongylus retortaeformis. 
Graphidium strigosum. 
Synthetocaulus pulmonalis. 
Lepus glacialis. See Lepus arcticus. 
Lepus kabilicus: 
Dermatorys veligera. 
Lepus nigricollis: 
Trichostrongylus pigmentatus, 
Lepus species: 
Oxryuris ambigua. 
Lepus syivaticus. See Sylvilagus flori- 
danus mallurus. 


HYRACOIDEA. 


Lepus timidus (See also Lepus euro- 
paeus): 
Trichuris leporis. 
Filaria leporis. 
Lepus variabilis. See Lepus ltimidus. 
Oryctolagus cuniculus: 
Strongyloides papillosus. 
Trichuris leporis. 
Trichinella spiralis. 
Oxryuris ambigua. 
Strongylus leporum. 
Trichostrongylus retortaeformis. 
Graphidiunm strigosum. 
Synthetocaulus ruyescens. 
Gongylonema neoplasticum. 
Sylvilagus auduboni baileyi: 
Dermatoxrys veligera. 
Sylvilagus brasiliensis: 
Dermatoxrys veligera. 
Sylvilagus floridanus: 
Trichuris leporis. 
Sylvilagus floridanus alacer: 
Filaria scapiceps. 
Sylvilagus jfloridanus mallurus: 
Trichuris leporis. 
Oxryuris ambigua. 
Trichostrongylus calcaratus, 
Filaria scapiceps. 
Sylvilagus nuitalli pinetis: 
Dermatoxrys veligera. 


Family PRocAVIDAE. 


(It is understood that the above names can not both stand, but as both are in 
present use they are used here pending an agreement as to the nomenclature in 


this group.) 

Heterohyrax mossambica. See Pro- 
cavia brucei. 

Hyrax capensis. 
Sis. 

Hyraz syriacus. 
aca. 

Procavia brucei: 

Strongylus (Deletrocephalus) bra- 
chylaimus. 


See Procavia capen- 


See Procavia syri- 


Procavia capensis: 
Crossophorus collaris. 
Crossophorus tentaculatus. 
Physaloptera spirula. 

Procavia syriaca: 
Crossophorus collaris. 
Oxzyuris flagellum, 
Oxryuris pugio. 
Physaloptera spirula. 


i i ia a i i 


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2 ieee 


No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 937 


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prima. [unp.], pls. fol. Berolini. 
JAGERSKIOLD, LEONARD AXEL KrisTeER EDVARD. 
1909.—Nematoden aus Agypten und dem Sudan (eingesammelt von der 
Schwedischen Zoologischen Expedition). 66-+-v pp., 23 figs., 4 pls. Oc- 
tavo. Uppsala. (Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt 
and the White Nile, 1901, under the direction of L. A. Jiigerski6dld, pt. 3 
(25).) 
Kocu, ALots. 
1883.—Die Nematoden der Schaflunge (Lungenwurmkrankheit der Schafe). 
382 pp., 1 pl. Octavo. Wien. 
DE LAMARCK, JEAN-BAPTISTE-PIERRE-ANTOINE DE MONFT, 
1801.—Systéme des animaux sans vertébres, ou tableau général des classes, 
des ordres et des genres de ces animaux; présentant leurs caractéres 
essentiels et leur distribution, d’aprés la considération de leurs rapports 
naturels et de leur organisation, et Suivant arrangement établi dans les 
galeries du Muséum d’Hist. Naturelle, parmi leurs dépouilles conservées ; 
précédé du discours d’ouverture du cours de zoologie, donné dans le 
Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle lan. 8 de la République. viii4--432 
pp. Octavo. Paris. [An. 9 de la République. ] 
1816.—Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres. Vol. 38, 586 pp. 
Octavo. Paris. 
LANE, CLAYTON. 
1914.—Suckered round-worms from India and Ceylon. Indian Journ. Med. 
Research, Calcutta, vol. 2 (2), Oct., pp. 655-669, pls. 74-81. 
LEE, CHARLES A. 
1840.—An account of a Filaria in a horse’s eye, with remarks on similar 
phenomena, and the mode of their origin. Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, N. 
Haven, vol. 89 (2), July—Sept., pp. 278-295, 2 figs. 
LrEIpy, JOSEPH. 
1856.—A synopsis of Hntozoa and some of their ectocongeners observed by 
the author. Proc. Acad. Nat«Sci., Phila., vol. 8 (1), Jan.—Feb., pp. 42-58. 
1886.—Notices of nematoid worms. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [vol. 38, 3. 
s., vol. 16] (8), Oct.Dec., pp. 808-818, 1 fig. [pp. 808-812 published Oct. 
12; p. 313 published Oct. 26]. 
1891.—Notices of Entozoa. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. [vol. 42, 3. ser., vol. 
20] (3), Oct.-Dec., 1890, pp. 410-418. [Published Jan. 20.] 
1904.—Researches in helminthology and parasitology. With a bibliography 
of his contributions to science arranged and edited by Joseph Leidy, jr. 
281 pp., figs. Octavo. Washington. (Smithson. Mise. Collect., Wash. 
(1477), vol. 46.) 
Lrrerer, Ropert T. 
1908.—An account of some helminthes contained in Dr. Wenyon’s collection 
from the Sudan. 38. Rep. Wellcome Research Lab., London, pp. 187-199, 
figs. 44-50, pls. 21-22. 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


LEIPER, Rosert T.—Continued. 
1911.—Some new parasitic nematodes from tropical Africa. [Read Apr. 25.] 
Proe. Zool. Soc. London (2), June, pp. 549-555, figs. 140-144. 
LEIrer, Rosert T.; and ATKINSON, EH. L. 
1914.—Helminthes of the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910-1913. [Remarks 
with demonstration, Feb. 17.] Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1), Mar., pp. 
222-226. 
LEUCKART, FRIEDRICH SIGISMUND. 
1842.—_Helminthologische Beitrige. (Zoologische Bruchstiicke. 3.) 2 1. 60 
pp., 2 pls. Quarto. Freiburg. 
LEUCKART, KARL GEORG FRIEDRICH RUDOLPH. 
1865.—Bericht iiber die wissenschaftlichen Leistungen in der Naturge- 
schichte der niederen Thiere wiihrend der Jahre 1864 und 1865. (Erste 
Hiilfte.) Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 31 J., vol. 2, pp. [165]-268. 
1867.—Die menschlichen Parasiten und die von ihnen herriihrenden Krank- 
heiten. Hin Hand- und Lehrbuch fiir Naturforscher und Aerzte. vol. 2, 
1. Lief., vi+256 pp., 158 figs. Octavo. Leipzig und Heidelberg. 
1876.—Die menschlichen Parasiten und die von ihnen herrtihrenden Krank- 
heiten. vol. 2, 3. Lief., pp. 518-882, 119 figs. Octavo. Leipzig. 
LINNAEUS, CAROLUS. 
1758.—Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, 
genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio 
decima, reformata. vol. 1, 1p. 1., 823 pp. Octavo. Holmiae. [Published 
Jan. | 
1767.—Idem. Editio duodecima, reformata. vol. 1, pt. 2, pp. 583-1327, 18 1. 
Octavo. Holmiae. 
von Linstow, OTTo FRIEDRICH BERNHARD. 
1874.—Beobachtungen an Trichodes crassicauda Bell. (Trichosoma crassi- 
eauda Aut.) Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 40 J., vol. 1 (8), pp. 271-286, pl. 
8, figs. 1-6. 
1878a.—Compendium der Helminthologie. Ein Verzeichniss der bekannten 
Helminthen, die frei oder in thierischen Kérpern leben, geordnet nach 
ihren Wohnthieren, unter Angabe der Organe, in denen sie gefunden 
sind, und mit Beifiigung der Litteraturquellen. xxii+3882 pp. Octavo. 
Hannover. [Published 16. Mai.] 
1878b.—Neue Beobachtungen an Helminthen, Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 44 
J., vol. 1 (2), pp. 218-245, pls. 7-9, figs. 1-35. 
1879a.—Helminthologische Studien. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 45 J., vol. 
1 (2), pp. 165-188, pls. 11-12, figs. 1-39. 
[1879b].—Helminthologische Untersuchungen. Jahresh. d. Ver. f. vaterl. 
Naturk. in Wiirttemb., Stuttgart, vol. 35, pp. 3138-342, pl. 5, figs. 1-24. 
1882.—Helminthologische Studien. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 48 J., vol. 1 
(1), pp. 1-25, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-29. 
1888.—Nematoden, Trematoden und Acanthocephalen, gesammelt von Prof. 
Fedtschenko in Turkestan. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 49 J., vol. 1 (2), 
pp. 274-314, pls. 6-9, figs. 1-52. 
1884.—Helminthologisches. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 50 J., vol. 1 (2), 
pp. 125-145, pls. 7-10, figs. 1-35. 
1885.—Beobachtungen an bekannten und neuen Nematoden und Trema- 
toden. Arch. f. Naturg., Berlin, 51 J., vol. 1 (3), pp. 235-255, pls. 13-15, 
figs. 1-81. 
1887.—Helminthologische Untersuchungen. Zool. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. f. 
Syst., vol. 3 (1), 15. Nov., pp. 97-114, pl. 2, figs. 1-17. 


No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 239 





von Linstow, OTTO FRIEDRICH BrERNHARD—Continued. 
1889.—Compendium der Helminthologie. Nachtrag. Die Litteratur der 
Jahre 1878-1889. xvi+151 pp. Octavo. Hannover. 
1897.—Nemathelminthen grésstentheils in Madagascar gesammelt. Arch. 
f. Naturg., Berlin, 63 J., vol. 1 (1), Oct., pp. 27-34, pls. 4-5, figs. 1-26. 
1899.—Nematoden aus der Berliner zoologischen Sammlung. Mitt. a. d. 
zool, Sammi. d. Mus. f. Naturk. in Berlin, vol. 1 (2), pp. 3-28, pls. 1-6, 
figs. 1-78. : 
1901.—Helminthen von den Ufern des Nyassa-Sees, ein Beitrag zur Hel- 
minthen-auna von Stid-Afrika. Jenaische Ztschr. f. Naturw., Jena, vol. 
35, n. F., vol. 28 (4), 20. Apr., pp. 409-428, pls. 18-14, figs. 1-34, A-H. 
1902.—[Unicinaria americana.] (Jn abstract of Stiles, C. W., 1902.) 
Zool. Centralbl., Leipzig, vol. 9 (24-25), 16. Dec., p. 778. 
1903.—Parasiten, meistens Helminthen, aus Siam. Arch. f. mikr. Anat., 
Bonn, vol. 62 (1), 21. Apr., pp. 108-121, pl. 5, figs. 1-23. 
1904.—Nematoda in the collection ef the Colombo Museum. Spolia Zey- 
lanica, Colombo, vol. 1 (4), Feb., pp. 91--104, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-27. 
1905.—Helninthen aus Ceylon und aus arktischen Breiten. Ztschr. f. 
wissensch. Zool., Leipzig, vol. 82, 10. Nov., Festschr. Ehlers, vol. 1, pp. 
182-198, pl. 13, figs. 1-15. 
1906.—Ostpreussische Nematoden. pp. 111-114, 1 pl. 7 figs. Octavo. 
[n. p.] (Advance separate from Schrift. d. phys.-Gkonom. Gesellsch. zu 
Konigsb. i. Pr. (1906), vol. 47.) 
1909¢.—Parasitische Nematoden. Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands 
(Brauer), Jena, Heft 15, pp. 47-83, figs. 1-80. 
1909b.—Neue Helminthen aus Deutsch-Stidwest-Afrika. Centralbl. f. Bak- 
teriol. [ete.], Jena, 1. Abt., vol. 50 (4), 9. Juni, Orig., pp. 448-451, 
figs. 1-4. 
Looss, ARTHUR. 
1902a.—The Sclerostomidae of horses and donkeys in Egypt. Ree. Egypt. 
Govt. School Med., Cairo, pp. 25-139, pls. 1-13, figs. 1-172. [Published 
May 13, according to letter from Looss, dated Jan. 26, 1904. ] 
1902b.—Ueber die Giltigkeit des Gattungsnamens Ankylostomum Dubini. 
Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [ete.], Jena, 1. Abt., vol. 31 (9), 5. Apr., Orig., 
pp. 422-426. 
1905.—Das Genus Trichestrongylus n. ¢., mit zwei neuen gelegentlichen 
Parasiten des Menschen. (Notizen zur Helminthologie Aegyptens. 6.) 
Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [ete.], Jena, 1. Abt., vol. 89 (4), 22. Sept., Orig., 
pp. 409-422, pls. J-2, figs. 1-14. 
1911.—The anatomy and life history of Agchylostoma duodenale Dub. A 
monograph. Part 2. The development in the free state. Rec. School Med., 
Ministry Education, Egypt, Cairo, vol. 4, pp. 159-618, pls. 11-19, figs: 
101-208, photograms 7-41. 
Lutz, ADOLPH. 
1894.—Beobachtungen fiber die als Taenia nana und flavopunctata bekann- 
ten Bandwtirmer des Menschen. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [ete.], Jena, 
1. Abt., vol. 16 (2), 9. Juli, pp. 61-67. 
McCoy, GrorcE W. 
1908.—Pathological conditions found in rats—observations based upon ex- 
amination of 50,000 rats in the laboratory of the Public Health and 
Marine-Hospital Service, San Francisco, Cal. Pub. Health Rep., U. S. 
Pub. Health and Mar.-Hosp. Serv., Washington, vol. 23 (39), Sept. 25, 
pp. 1865-1371. 





240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


McCoy, Grorce W.—Continued. 
1911.—A microfilaria (Microfilaria rosenaui n. sp.) from the California 
grovnd squirrel (Citellus beecheyi). Parasitology, Cambridge [Eng.], 
vol. 4 (8), Oct. 24, pp. 220-221, pl. 7. 
DE MAGALHAES, PEDRO SEVERIANO. 
1878.—As micro-filarias na agua da Carioca (Rio de Janeiro). Gaz. med. 
da Bahia, an. 10, 2. s., vol. 3 (1), Jan., pp. 13-14. 
MANSON, (Sir) PATRICK.* 
1880.—Further observations on micro-filariae, with descriptions of new 
species. Communicated (with a prefatory note) by the President 
[Thomas Spencer Cobbold, June 25]. Journ. Quekett Micr. Club, Lon- 
don (44), vol. 6, Aug., pp. 130-189, pls. 8-10; note by the President, pp. 
189-140. 
MaArcHI, PIETRO. 


1871.—Monografia sulla storia genetica e sulla anatomia della Spiroptera . 


obtusa Rud. [Read 80 dic. 1866.] Mem. r. Accad. d. se. di Torino, el. d. 
se. fis. e mat., 2. s., vol. 25, pp. 1-30, pls. 1-2, figs. 1-29. 
MEGNIN, JEAN-PIERRE. 
1878.—Sur la pneumonie vermineuse des moutons d’Afrique. [Read 138 
juin.] Ree. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 55, 6. s., v. 5 (12), 30 juin, pp. 
686-6388, pls. 1-2. 
MERAT, FRANGOIS- VICTOR. 
1821.—Vers. Dict. d. sc. méd., Paris, vol. 57, pp. 211-281. 
Mink, O. J. 
1909.—Preliminary note on a nematode found in the liver of a wild rat. 
U. S. Naval Med. Bull., Washington, vol. 3 (1), Jan., p. 52. 
Morin, RAFFAELE. 
[1857].—Notizie elmintologiche. [Read 18 gennajo.] Atti r. Ist. Veneto 
di sc., lett. ed art., Venezia (1856-57), 3. s., vol. 2 (8), pp. 146-152; (4), 
pp. 216-228, 1 pl., figs. 1-15. 
1858a.—Spiroptera chrisoptera. Un nuovo verme intestinale del Tapiro 
americano. Verhandl. d. k.-k. zool.-bot. Gesellsch. in Wien, vol. 8, 
Abhandl., pp. 273-276, pl. 4, figs. 1-6. 
1858b.—Versuch einer Monographie der Filarien. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. 
d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 28 (5), 11. Feb., pp. 365-461, 
pls. 1-2. 


1858e.—Prospectus helminthum, quae in prodromo faunae helminthologicae ~ 


Venetiae continentur. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.- 
naturw. Cl., vol. 30 (14), 20. Mai, pp. 127-158. 

1860a.—Una monografia del genere Spiroptera. [Read 15. Dec. 1859.] 
Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 38 
(28), pp. 911-1005. 

1860b.—Trenta specie di nematoidi. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., 
Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 40 (9), 22. Marz, pp. 331-358. 

1860c.—Una monografia del genere Physaloptera. Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. 
d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 89 (5), pp. 687-672. 

[1861a].—I1 sottordine degli acrofalli ordinato scientificamente secondo i 
risultamenti delle indagini anatomiche ed embriogeniche. [Presented 14 
gennajo.] Mem. r. Ist. Veneto di sc., lett. ed arti, Venezia (1860), vol. 
9, pp. 427-633, pls. 25-338. 

1861b.—Prodromus faunae helminthologicae venetae adjectis disquisitionibus 
anatomicis et criticis. Denkschr. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.- 
naturw. Cl., vol. 19, 2. Abt., pp. 189-888, pls. 1-15, 


ca" 


NO. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. oak 








Montez, RoMAIN-LOUIS. 
1880.—Un spiroptére d’espéce nouvelle. Bull. scient. dép. du nord [ete.], 
Paris, vol. 12, 2. s., v. 3 (11), nov., pp. 447-448. 
1889.—Sur un strongle de la paroi stomacale des liévres et des lapins de 
garenne. Rev. biol. du nord de la France, Lille (1888-89) [vol. 1] (9), 
1°* juin, pp. 351-354. 
Morcan, Lewis H. 
1868.—The American beaver and his works. xv+17-284 pp., 23 figs., 23 
pls. Octavo. Philadelphia. 
MUELLER, ARTHUR. 
1889.—Die Nematoden der Siiugethierlungen und die Lungenwurmkrank- 
heit. Hine zoologisch-pathologische Untersuchung. Deutsche Ztschr. f. 
Thiermed., Leipzig, vol. 15 (4-5), 30. Aug., pp. 261-321, pls. 6-9. 
MUELLER, OTTO FRIEDRICH. 
(1780).—Zoologiae Danicae seu animalium Daniae et Norvegiae rariorum 
ac minus notorum icones. fasc. 2. Folio. Havniae. 
1787.—Verzeichniss der bisher entdeckten Eingeweidewiirmer, der Thiere, 
in welchen sie gefunden worden, und besten Schriften, die derselben 
erwihnen. Naturforscher, Halle, vol. 22, pp. 33-86. 
Nassonoy, N. V. 
1897.—Endoparazity siriiskago damana (Procavia syriaca Ehrb.). [Endo- 
parasiten des syrischen Daman.] [Russian text.] Varshavsk. Univ. 
Izviest. (2), 28 fev., 18 pp., pls. 1-2. 
1898.—Die Endoparasiten von Procavia syriaca Ehrbg. [Abstract of Rus- 
sian article in Trav. lab. cab. zool. Univ. Varsovie (1896), pp. 199-216, 
by. N. v. Adelung.] Zool. Centralbl., Leipzig, vol. 5 (10), 19. Mai, p. 319. 
NEUMANN, LoUIS-GEORGES. 
1894.—Sur le genre Gongylonema Molin. Mém. Soc. zool. de France, Paris, 
vol. 7 (4), pp. 4638-478, figs. 1-4. 
NEVEU-LEMAIRE, MAuRICE. 
1912.—Parasitologie des animaux domestiques. Maladies parasitaires non 
bactériennes. ii--1257 pp., 770 figs. Duodecimo. Paris. 
NIcoLL, WILLIAM. 
1911.—On a unique pathological condition in a hare. [Abstract of remarks, 
with exhibition of specimens, Apr. 25.] Proc. Zool. Soc. London (3), 
Sept., pp. 674-676, fig. 165. 
NiTzscH, CHRISTIAN LUDWIG. 
1821.—Ascaris. Allg. Eneycl. d. Wissensch. u. Kiinste (Hrsch und Gruber), 
Leipzig [1. Sect.], v. 6, pp. 44-49, 2 pls. 
1829.—Spiroptera strumosae descriptio. 13 pp., 1 pl, 9 figs. Quarto. Halae. 
OERLEY, LADISLAUS. 
1885a.—A czapaiknak és Rajaknak belférgei. Természet. fiizetek, Buda- 
pest, vol. 9 (2), apr.-junius, pp. 97-126, pls. 9-10, figs. 1-23. [Published 
majus 31.] 
1885b.—Die Entozoen der Haien und Rochen. [Résumé of 1885a.] Ibidem, 
pp. 216-220, pls. 9-10, figs. 1-28. 
OWEN, (Sir) RICHARD, 
1885.—Description of a microscopic entozoon infesting the muscles of the 
human body. [Read Feb. 24.] Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 1, pp. 
315-824, pl. 41, figs. 1-9. 
PARONA, CORRADO. 
1889.—Sopra alcuni elminti di vertebrati birmani raccolti da Leonardo 
Fea. Ann. Mus. civ. di storia nat. di Genova, vol. 27 (2. s., vol. 7), 10 
ott.-14 ott., pp. 765-780, pl. 3, figs. 1-18. 
10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——16 


249 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Parona, CorrADo—Continued. 
1894.—L’elmintologia italiana da suoi primi tempi all’’anno 1890. Storia, 
sistematica, corologia e bibliografia. Atti r. Univ. di Genova, vol. 13, 
733 pp., map. 
1898.—Elminti raccolti dal Dott. Elio Modigliani alle isole Mentawei, 
Engano e Sumatra. Ann, mus. civ. di storia nat. di Genova (1898-99), 
vol. 89 (2. s., vol. 19), 14 luglio, pp. 102-124, pl. 1, figs. 1-19. 
1907.—Nuove specie di nematodi africani. (Nota preventiva.) (Spedizione 
al Ruwenzori di S. A. R. Luigi Amedeo di Savoia, duca degli Abruzzi. 
24.) Boll. mus. di zool. ed anat. comp. d. r. Univ. di Torino (566), vol. 
2, 27 luglio, 4 pp. ; 
1909.—Vermi parassiti di vertebrati. Muwenzori, Milano, parte scient., 
vol. 1, pp. 415-422, figs. 1-5. 
PASSERINI, NAPOLEONE. 
1884.—Sulla Filaria terminalis auctor. Atti Soc. ital. di se. nat., Milano, 
vol. 27 (1), apr., pp. 42-63, pls. 1-5. 
PEREBOOM, CORNELIS. 
1780.—Descriptio et iconica delineatio novi generis vermium, stomachidae 
dicti, in corpore humano hospitantium: Accedit observatio medico- 
practica de lumbrico per urethram excreto; nec non de lumbrico alvino, 
ut ut mortuo, parturiente. [Latin and Dutch text.] 51 pp., 1 pl. 6 figs. 
Octavo. Amtelaedami. 
PERRONCITO, EDOARDO. 
1878.—Cellule oviforme del fegato di un cane producenti lesioni analoghe 
a quelle della psorospermosi epatica del coniglio. [Read 7 giugno 1877.] 
Ann. r. Accad. d’agric. di Torino (1877), vol. 20, mem., pp. 187-139, 1 pl., 
figs. 1-8. 
1881.—Observations sur le développement de VAnguillula_ stercoralis 
(Bavay), pseudo-Rhabditis stercoralis (mihi) hors de Vorganisme 
humain. Journ. de l’anat. et physiol. [ete.], Paris, vol. 17 (6), 28 déc., 
pp. 499-519, figs. 1-4, pl. 29, figs. 1-8. 
PERUGIA, ALBERTO. 
1893.—Sul Trichosoma del fegato dei muridi. (Note elmintologiche. 3.) 
Atti Soc. Ligust. di sc. nat. e geogr., Genova, vol. 4, pp. 206-210. 
PLIMMER, H. G. 
1913.—Report on the deaths which occurred in the Zoological Gardens dur- 
ing 1912, together with the blood-parasites found during the year. [Read 
Feb. 4.] Proc. Zool. Soc. London (1), Mar., pp. 141-149. 
1915.—Report on the deaths which occurred in the Zoological Gardens dur- 
ing 1914, together with a list of the blood-parasites found during the year. 
Ibidem (1), Mar., pp. 123-180. 
PoLonio, ANTONIO FEDERICO. 
1860.—Novae helminthum species. Lotos, Prag, vol. 10, Feb., pp. 21-28. 
RAILLIET, ALCIDE. 
1892.—Sur la fréquence de la strongylose gastro-intestinale des léporidés. 
[Read 14 avril.] Bull. Soc. centr. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 46 (n. s., 
vol. 10), pp. 195-198; discussion, pp. 198-199. 
1893.—Traité de zoologie médicale et agricole. 2. éd. [fase. 1], 786 pp., 
494 figs. Octavo. Paris. [Published déc.] 
1895.—Traité de zoologie médicale et agricole. 2. éd. [fase. 2], xv+737- 
1303 pp., figs. 495-892. Octavo. Paris. [Published mai.] 
1896.—Sur quelques parasites du dromadaire. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., 
Paris, vol. 48, 10. ser., vol. 3 (17), 22 mai, pp. 489-492. 
1898.—Rectification de la nomenclature d’aprés les travaux récents. Rec. 
de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 75 (8. s., vol. 5), 15 mars, pp. 171-174. 





ee ee 


No. 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 243 





RAILLIET, ALCIDE—Continued. 
1901.—[De l’ankylostomasie.] [Letter, dated 18 mars, in response to 
André, Bt., 1901, pp. 447-452.] Echo vét., Liége, vol. 30 (1), mars, pp. 
38—40. 
1902.—Sur quelques sclérostomiens parasites des ruminants et des porcins. 
[Read 1°" fév.] Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 54 (4), 7 fév., 
pp. 107-110. 
1915.—L’emploi des médicaments dans le traitement des maladies causées 
par des nématodes. Rec. de méd. vét., Paris, vol. 91 (15), 15 aofit, pp. 
490-513. 
RAILLIET, ALCIDE; and Henry, A. 
1907.—Sur les variations des strongyles de l’appareil respiratoire des mam- 
miferes. [Read 21 déc.] Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 63 (38), 
27 déc., pp. 751-758. 
1909a.—Sur la classification des Strongylidae: 1. Metastrongylinae. Compt. 
rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 66 (2), 22 jan., pp. 85-88. 
1909b.—Idem. 2. Ankylostominae. Ibidem (4), 5 fév., pp. 168-171. 
1910.—Quelques helminthes nouveaux ou peu connus du groupe des 
bunostomiens. Bull. Soc. de path. exot., Paris, vol. 8 (5), 11 mai, pp. 
311-315. 
1911.—Helminthes du pore recueillis par M. Bauche en Annam. Bull. 
Soc. de path. exot., Paris, vol. 4 (10), 13 déc., pp. 693-699. 
1912a.—Les oesophagostomiens parasites de ’homme. pp. 562-583, pls. 22— 
24, 23 figs. Octavo. Paris. [Published 23 fév.] [Reprint from Arch. de 
parasitol., Paris, vol. 14 (4).] 
1912b.—Quelques nématodes parasites des reptiles. Bull. Soc. de path. 
exot., Paris, vol. 5 (4), 10 avril, pp. 251-259, figs. 1-3. 
1912c.—Observations sur les strongylidés du genre Nematodirus. Bull. Soc. 
de path. exot., Paris, vol. 5 (1), 10 jan., pp. 35-39. 
1914.—Essai de classification des ‘‘ Heterakidae.” [Compt.-rend.] 9. Cong. 
internat. de zool., Rennes (Monaco, 25-80 mars, 1913), pp. 674-682. 
1915.—Sur les nématodes du genre Goezia Zeder. Bull. Soe. de path. exot., 
Paris, vol. 8 (5), 12 mai, pp. 270-275. 
Ransom, BRAYTON Howarp. 
1907.—Notes on parasitic nematodes, including descriptions of new genera 
and species, and observations on life histories. Circular 116, Bureau 
Animal Indust., U. 8. Dept. Agric., Washington, Sept. 14, 7 pp. [Pub- 
lished Oct. 4.] 
1911a.—The nematodes parasitic in the alimentary tract of cattle, sheep, 
and other ruminants. Bull. 127, Bureau Animal Indust., U. S. Dept. 
Agric., Washington, May 13, 132 pp., figs. 1-152. 
1911b.—Two new species of parasitic nematodes. pp. 863-369, 7 figs. 
Octavo. Washington. [Published Oct. 31.] (Advance separate from 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., Wash. (1864), v. 41.) 
1913.—The life history of Habronema muscae (Carter), a parasite of the 
horse transmitted by the house fly. Bull. 163, Bureau Animal Indust., 
U.S. Dept. Agric., Washington, Apr. 3, pp. 1-36, figs. 1-41. 
Ransom, Brayton Howarp; and Hart, Maurice C. 
1916.—The life history of Gongylonema scutatum. Journ. Parasitol, 
Urbana, IIl., vol. 2 (2) (Dec. 1915), pp. 80-86. 
RAYER, PIERRE-FRANCOIS-OLIVE, 
1843.—Sur les trichosomes observés dans la vessie du surmulot (Mus 
decumanus) et dans la vessie du renard commun (Canis vulpes). 
Arch, de méd. comp. (Rayer), Paris, vol. 1 (3), pp. 180-183, pls. 7-8. 


944. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


ReEp1, FRANCESCO. 
1708.—De animalculis vivis, quae in corporibus animalium viventium 
reperiuntur observationes. Ex etruscis latinas fecit Petrus Coste. 11 p. 
1., 842 pp., 1 1, 26 pls. 24mo. Amstelaedami. 
RETz1us, ANDERS. 
1841.—Ueber den Bau des Magens bei den in Schweden vorkommenden 
Miihlmiiusen (Lemmus Nilss., Hypudaeus Jllig.). [Transl. from the 
Swedish by F. C. H. Creplin.] Arch. f. Anat., Physiol. u. wissensch. 
Med., Berlin, pp. 408-420, pl. 14, figs. 2-9. 
RosBINSsoN, GEORGE H. 
1913.—The rats of Providence and their parasites. Amer. Journ. Pub. 
Health, New York, vol. 3 (8), Aug., pp. 773-776. 
ROEDERER, JOANNES GEORGIUS. 
1761.—[Noch nicht beschriebene Art Witirmer im menschlichen Ko6rper.] 
[Secretary’s abstract.] Gé6tting. Anz. v. gelehrt. Sachen (1761-62), 25. 
St., vol. 1, 10. Oct., pp. 243-246. 
RoMANOVITCH ; and SLAVINE, A. 
1914—Etude sur l’évolution du Dictyeaulus [sic] filaria (Strongylus 
filaria) et Vinfestation des moutons. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, 
vol. 77 (27), 81 juillet, pp. 444-445. 
Rosa, VINCENZO. 
(1794).—Lettere zoologiche, ossia osservazioni sopra diversi animali. 
Gior. fis.-med., Pavia, an. 7, vol. 4, pp. 258-269. 
ROVELLI, GIUSEPPE. 
(1888a).—Ricerche sugli organi genitali degli Strongyloides (Anguillula, 
Rhabdonema). 12 pp., 1 pl. Folio. Como. 
1888b.—Idem. [Abstract by Max. Braun.] Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. [ete.], 
Jenn, 2 J., vol. 4 (21), pp. 660-661. 
RuvorpHt, Cart ASMUND. 
1801.—Beobachtungen iiber die Hingeweidewiirmer. Arch. f. Zool. u. Zoot., 
Braunschweig, vol. 2 (1), pp. 1-65. 
1802.—Fortsetzung der Beobachtungen iiber die Eingeweidewiirmer. [Con- 
tinuation of 1801.] Ibidem (2), pp. 1-67, pl. 1. 
1803.—Neue Beobachtungen tiber die Hingeweidewiirmer. Arch. f. Zool. u. 
Zoot., Braunschweig, vol. 3 (2), pp. 1-82. 
1809.—Entozoorum sive vermium intestinalium historia naturalis. vol. 2 
(1), 457 pp., pls. 7-12. Octavo. Amstelaedami. 
1810.—Idem. vol. 2 (2), xii+886 pp. Octavo. Amstelaedami. 
1819.—Entozoorum synopsis cui accedunt mantissa duplex et indices locu- 
pletissimi. x-+811 pp., 3 pls. Octavo. Berolini. 
SCHLOTTHAUBER. 
1860.—Beitriige zur Helminthologie. Amtl. Ber. ti. d. 31. Versamml. 
deutsch. Naturf. u. Aerzte, Gottingen (1854), pp. 121-133. 
SCHMALTZ, 
1903.—Wurmkrankheit beim Elefanten. Berl. thieriirztl. Wehnschr. (3), 
15. Jan., pp. 42-48. 
SCHNEIDER, ANTON. 
1866.—Monographie der Nematoden. viiit+357 pp., 122 figs., 28 pls., 343 
figs. Quarto. Berlin. 
SCHRANK, FRANZ VON PAULA. 
1788.—Verzeichniss der bisher hinlinglich bekannten Hingeweidewiirmer, 
nebst einer Abhandlung tiber ihre Anverwandtschaften. 5 p. 1., 116 pp., 
1 table. Duodecimo. Miinchen. 


No, 2131. eee PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 945 


SETTI, ERNESTO. 
1897a.—Nuovi elminti dell’Hritrea. Boll. mus. di zool. [ete.], Genova (57), 
50 pp., pls. 8-9, 41 figs. 
1897b.—_Idem. Atti Soc. Ligust. di se. nat. e geogr., Genova, vol. 8 (2), 
giugno, pp. 198-247, pls. 8-9, figs. 1-41. 

Seurat, L. G. 

1911.—Sur Vhabitat et les migrations du Spirura talpae Gmel. (=Spirop- 
tera strumosa Rud.). Compt. rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. 71 (85), 
15 déc., pp. 606-608. 

1912a.—Sur la morphologie de l’ovijecteur de quelques nématodes. Compt. 
rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. 72 (18), 24 mai, pp. 778-781, figs. 1-4. 

1912b.—Sur la quatriéme mue des nématodes parasites. Compt. rend. Soe, 
de biol., Paris, vol. 73 (28), 2 aotit, pp. 279-281, figs. 1-2. 

1913.—Le gundi, nouvel hdte du Nematodirus filicollis (Rud.). Compt. 
rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. 74 (16), 9 mai, pp. 954-956, 1 fig. 

1914a.—Sur quelques Hetérakis d’oiseaux. pp. 195-202, figs. 1-5. Octavo. 
Alger. [Reprint from Bull. Soc. dhist. nat. de VAfrique du nord., vol. 6 
(7), 15 juillet.] 

19146.—Sur un nouveau spiroptére du chat ganté. Compt. rend. Soc. de 
biol., Paris, vol. 77 (25), 17 juillet, pp. 344-347, figs. 1-5. 

1914c.—Sur deux nouveaux Hétérakis du Sud-algérien. Bull. Soc. d’hist. 
nat. de Afrique du nord, Alger, vol. 6 (8), 15 nov., pp. 222-225, figs. 1-4. 

1914d.—Sur Vaccouplement précoce d’un oxyure. Compt. rend. Acad. d. 
se., Paris, vol. 159 (22), 30 nov., pp. 755-757. 

1914e.—Sur un nouveau gongylonéme, parasite de la gerbille. [Read 28 
nov.] Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 77 (81), 11 déc., pp. 521-524, 
figs. 1-4. 

1914f.—Sur la morphologie de l’appareil génital femelle des Spiruridae. 
Compt. rend. Acad. d. se., Paris, vol. 159 (26), 28 déc., pp. 1016-1018. 

1915a.—Sur un nouvel Ophiostomum parasite du gundi. Compt. rend. Soc. 
de biol., Paris, vol. 78 (2), 5 fév., pp. 20-22, figs. 1-4. 

1915b.—Sur deux nouveaux oxyures du Maroc. Bull. Soe. d’hist. nat. de 
Afrique du nord, Alger, vol. 7 (2), 15 fév., pp. 24-31, figs. 1-9. 

1915e.—Sur Vexistence, en Algérie, du Dermatoxys veligera (Rud.) et sur 
les affinités du genre Dermatoxys. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 
78 (5), 19 mars, pp. 75-79, figs. 1-4. 

[1915d.]—Expédition de MM. Walter Rothschild, E. Hartert, et C. Hilgert 
dans le Sud Algérien (mars—mai, 1914). Nématodes parasites. 25 pp., 
figs. A-C, 1-27. Quarto. [n. p.] [Reprint from Novitat. zool., vol. 
22, Feb., 1915.] 

1915e.—Sur deux nouveaux parasites du renard d’Algérie. [Read 20 
mars.] Compt. rend. Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. T8 (6), 2 avril, pp. 122-126, 
figs. 1-4. 

1915f.—Sur les rictulaires des carnivores du Nord-Africain et les affinités 
du genre Rictularia. Compt. rend. Soc. de biol., Paris, vol. 78 (11), 25 
juin, pp. 318-322, figs. 1-3. 

1915¢.—Sur les conditions de la ponte du strongle lisse. Bull. scient. de la 
France et de la Belg., Paris, 7. s., vol. 48 (3), 10 mai, pp. 171-177, figs. 1-4. 

1915r.—Sur les premiers stades évolutifs des spiroptéres. Compt. rend. 
Soe. de biol., Paris, vol. 78 (17), 19 nov., pp. 561-565, figs. 1-5. 

SHIPLEY, ARTHUR EVERETT; and FEARNSIDES, HL. G. 

1906.—The effects of metazoan parasites on their hosts. Journ. Econom. 
Biol., London, vol. 1 (2), Mar. 30, pp. 41-62. 





246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


von SIEBOLD, CARL THEODOR ERNST. 
1837.—Zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Helminthen. (Jn Burdach, Karl 
Friedrich. Die Physiologie als Erfahrungswissenschaft. 2. Aufl., vol. 2, 
4. Buch, pp. 183-213. Octavo. Leipzig.) 
pA Sirva Lima, JoSE FRANCISCO. 
1877.—Novos factos para a historia da Filaria de Wucherer ; descobrimento 
da Filaria adulta no Rio de Janeiro. Gaz. med. da Bahia, an. 9, 2. s., 
vol. 2 (12), dec., pp. 5388-546. 
Sturrer, C. PH.; and SwWELLENGREBEL, N. H. 
1912.—De dierlijke parasieten van den mensch en van onze huisdieren. 
Tweede veel vermeerderde en verbeterde druk. xvi-++520 pp., 262 figs., 
1 pl. Octavo. Amsterdam. 
SmitTH, ALLEN J. 
1908.—Synopsis of studies in metazoan parasitology in McManus labora- 
tory of pathology, University of Pennsylvania. Univ. Penn. M. Bull, 
Philadelphia, vol. 20 (12), Feb., pp. 262—[282], pl. 1. 
SONSINO, PROSPERO. 
1878.—Sull’ Anchilostoma duodenale in risposta al Prof. Sangalli. [Letter 
to editor, dated 9 ott.] Imparziale, Firenze, vol. 18 (20), 31 ott., pp. 
609-618. 
Stites, CHARLES WARDELL. 
1892.—Preliminary note on Myzomimus gen. noy., type-species M. scutatus 
Mueller, 69, a parasite in cattle. (Note on parasites. 4.) Journ. Comp. 
Med. and Vet. Arch., New York, vol. 18 (2), Feb., pp. 65-67, 1 fig. 
1901.—Uncinariosis (anchylostomiasis) in man and animals in the United 
States. Texas Med. News, Austin, vol. 10 (9), July, pp. 523-5382. 
1905.—Oxyurias. (In Stiles & Hassall, 1905, p. 150.) 
1907.—The zoological characters of the roundworm genus Vilaria Mueller, 
1787, with a list of the thread worms reported for man. Bull. 34, Hyg. 
Lab., U. S. Pub. Health and Mar.-Hosp. Seryv., Washington, May, pp. 
31-51, figs. 26-84. 
Stites, CHARLES WARDELL; and CRANE, CHARLES GEORGE. 
1910.—The internal parasites of the rats and mice in their relation to 
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Serv., Washington, pp. 87-110, figs. 9-58. 
STrues, CHARLES WARDELL; and HASSALL, ALBERT. 
1905.—The determination of generic types, and a list of roundworm genera, 
with their original and type species. Bull. 79, Bureau Animal Indust., 
U. S. Dept. Agric., Washington [Dec. 22], pp. 1-150. 
StrossicH, MICHELE. 
1890.—I1l genere Trichosoma Rudolphi. Lavoro monografico. Boll. Soe. 
adriat. di sc. nat. in Trieste, vol. 12, pp. 3-88. 
1897.—Filarie e spiroptere. Lavoro monografico. pp. 138-162 (150 pp.). 
Octavo. Trieste. 
1898.—Saggio di una fauna elmintologica di Trieste e provincie contermini. 
162 pp. Octavo. Trieste. [Reprint from Program. d. civ. scuola r. sup., 
Trieste, 1898.] 
1899.—Strongylidae. Lavoro monografico. Boll. Soc. adriat. di se. nat. in 
Trieste, vol. 19, pp. 55-152. 
TRAVASSOS, LAURO. 
1913.—Sobre as especies brazileiras da subfamilia Heterakinae Railliet & 
Henry. [Portuguese and German text.] Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 
Rio de Jan._Manguinhos, vol. 5 (3), pp. 271-318, pls. 27-81, figs. 1-38. 


. 





No, 2131. NEMATODE PARASITES OF RODENTS—HALL. 247 





TRAVASSOS, LAuro—Continued. 
1914a.—Contribuigio para o conhecimento da fauna helmintolojica bra- 
zileira. 38. Nova genero da familia Heterakidae Railliet & Henry. 
Contribution to the study of Brazilian helminthology. A new genus of 
the family Heterakidae Railliet and Henry. [Portuguese and English 
text.] Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Jan.—Manguinhos, vol. 6 (2), 
pp. 187-142, pl. 15, figs. 1-3. 
1914b.—Tricostrongylideos brazileiros. (8. nota prévia.) 8 pp. Octavo. 
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8 set. 1914.] 
WEDL, CARL. 
1856.—Ueber einige Nematoden. [Read 17. Jiin.] Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. 
d. Wissensch., Wien, math.-naturw. Cl., vol. 19 (1), pp. 122-134, 1 pL, 
figs. 1-18. 
[1861].—Zur Helminthenfauna Agyptens. (2. Abt.) [Read 14. Nov.] 
Sitzungsb. d. k. Akad. d. Wissensch., Wien, math.—naturw. Cl, vol. 44, 1. 
Abt. [(9)], pp. 463-482, pls. 1-3, figs. 1-42. 
WEINLAND, Davin FRIEDRICH. 
1858.—Human cestoides, An essay on the tapeworms of man, giving a 
full account of their nature, organization, and embryonic development ; 
the pathological symptoms they produce, and the remedies which have 
proved successful in modern practice. To which is added an appendix, 
containing a catalogue of all species of helminthes hitherto found in man, 
x+93 pp., 12 figs. Octavo. Cambridge [Massachusetts]. 
WERNER, PAULUS CHRISTIANUS F‘RIDERICUS. 
1782.—Vermium intestinalium brevis expositionis continuatio. 28 pp., pls. 
8-9. Duodecimo. Lipsiae. 
VON WILLEMOES-SUHM, RUDOLPH. 
1873.—Helminthologische Notizen. 38. Ztschr. f. wissensch. Zool., Leipzig, 
vol. 23 (3), 18. Nov., pp. 331-345, pl. 17, figs. 1-11. 
ZEDER, JOHANN GEORG HEINRICH. 
1800.—Erster Nachtrag zur Naturgeschichte der Eingeweidewtirmer, mit 
Zufiissen und Anmerkungen herausgegeben. xx-+320 pp., 6 pls. Quarto. 
Leipzig. 
1803.—Anleitung zur Naturgeschichte der Hingeweidewiirmer. xvi+432 
pp., 4 pls. Octavo. Bamberg. 





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INDEX. 


(Nematode synonyms are printed in italics; principal page references in bold-faced type.) 


Page. 
abbreviata, Physaloptera............. 213, 214-215 
abbreyiata, Physaloptera......-...-.-...---- 214, 215 
aberti mimus, Sciurus..-.:....2..--...-- fees 
abyssinicus, Arvicanthis.........-...-s-<-. 27,217 
PAGANENION DTACHYUTS! 5 cccacc occa cece cciscocn 74 
Acanthocephala................- betters 4 
PACHENOSLOMM re sea soe nak eee onsen 112-118 
SHMNPSOM1 222 wocecce neces 113-114 
BACOUCHY | NMVOPLOCta sce cecie. Saosin ocses anniece 222 
PNCUDT Vee os cccnc saaeces socnos see sos ses sdae 187 
PACUIATIIGAG vssprae acrcisinja Suis a seecieu- sea cctee ears 64 
BCUSM CAVA Saree ce nates ounniociaemie 2 were 222 
RCUTISSTUING ASCOT US a 2.0 stor aeianvesioseeeisee esc 67 
HSU letra arm arsie ict! is arcvanctetoce 67 
\ Ob: 4 1411 hc ree gee Nae eee Ee a 66, 67, 95 

ES] bl 0} b kit: eee eee eee 5 
UNIS eMOSTIGONES = ene ie nic nein. yewie ee miosis oe 28 
DTICROCEDRMUALS = cena se cie'w nc Jocicciew cies 28 
BLOM be CAVA s ewwcceacincans catccu olacisesaisie ere 23 
WASYPYOCtE occ scss-c sence. cae 105, 219, 220 
PMC OMG DS Ca mete te sa yaie as ct se reste ne icmem taicere 53 
SPU, DAasyPlOCtay.ccccese =o - scenes 23, 105, 115, 219 
alacer, Sylvilagus floridanus............. .. 186, 187 
Blbas ClCOM «<< escsccescsiccecsecesscs:sictin's 215 
SIDUSMIMUS |g <.2cisio occ <is ejarece ee diceecemcns obccs0 12 
CVS CUS ese ee eee aes ee os 82 
alexandrinus, Epimys...................... 32, 206 
IMIS) 2s scp o.< Schis cleeis,ee ssi aie 32, 206 
PANOM ANAS seccensc cscs cea cctesacea scene 52, 60, 62 
allodapaicessc ccd cos -cdswacecheenee 60 
CPESSISDICUIUIMN =. 5 bce otace es sca 60 
GlONP AUG os sees cta wes ecicese 60-62 
allodapa, AVOGED Sa. 28-225 cscs. ccee ces acne es 60 
ambigua, OXyuris: :..2.6.52-s.0se2020 66, 67, 68-70 
OY UTUS Fe Son sews cela sin aioe excised 68 
QMBIGUUS, POSSQIUTUS. «22.22 2s00--c0sceeccee 68, 225 
amblyonyx, Dactylomys.................... 222 
Kanna bateomyse-ic-<-s22.-5--6 222 
americana, Periplaneta.............-....-. 195, 202 
americanus, Tapirus............. Be yeeee ese 219 
Ammospermophilus leucurus cinnamomeus . 93 
amoenus operarius, Eutamias............... 60 
amphiacanthum, Ophiostomum..............- 175 
ECUCEUL ON Ueto i ce ey.. 3 175 
Rictularioides. 2222-526 175-177 
amphibius, Arvicola..........-.... 27, 33, 37, 82, 122 
doers’: sae. see eee 33, 37, 82, 122 
MIS 2 ae See nist S nsw oierar ete cine Sierere 27,122 
PAmCHYlOStQMINGE: 25-22 5222 ese - eco eeneeare e's < 119 
PAMICVIOSTOMA = eons cncle oS newrdis boo aie dabei 119 
ER AETSONT PA SCOT IS ae m2 aes esac ceca a/ate 52 
SUDUUYE seo: cece ce See nee colette 52-53 
PATIPAOSCOMA Ro credence mele De ccicsbaecaccaceosens 6 
PANIPIOSLOMIGAC ES seine shows wie se ced scsieneals cc 6 
PATAPIOSEOMOIG GD =< an'sice ces cciesSe'saatelncaccase 5,6 
ANKYLOSLOMEDE: co.0022-2-c2055c0 Reise Sciste zonnee 107 


Page. 

annulosa, Capillaria.........-....-. secisiets 33, 35-386 
annulosum, Calodium.........-....+.----6-- 35 
TVIChOSONNUM csent 2. tee sees se 35 

antricola, Echinomys.......... eeivasws aos ee 27,109 
anulosum, Trichosoma........--.-----+-+---+ 35 
ADCTeay Cavities. cecniecaamete gaecoees a a= ee 53 
apereoides, Thrichomys:...............-.-- 27, 109 
APOMIA, Cavigia Me ca cts tenis = a asigcteseiseae eee 53 
Apodemus sylvaticus.........2..-.sce----0-- 27, 
33, 36, 82, 86, 89, 152, 154, 159, 170, 206 

ALCHICUS) OPUS. cissicicemcec scinsisieics selcecene 70 
ATCUOMYS | CItCMUS <22.<.c.0c ce ele cca cajeceeae ene 82 
citillus....... Gh stash aa 25, 213 

TMALGIM OPA soa cvarwieis c ss cise ane ceases 41 

MONK 5 ccissicsc sce ae cies evsissccn 41 
ATGQUCHNB: < 20502 Sccesess sRiomereisa cena eee 218, 219 
Strong y ling). <.<..6.5,.-ccc0cc- ce eeeees 220 
ATAUONNINGGs 22 < occnsces coseeeseceeneeees 190,218 
arvalis, Arvicola....<:..s2-...0ss 27, 82,151, 152, 159 
OMIMUSS. soeccdsccsstaacesecee sees 82 
Microtus:.*)...-.:5. 27, 82, 151, 152, 159, 161 
MuS2c.scscem Sa Seeciaeioe aelereisiecieeneeis 27 
ATVICANTOIS ADYSSINICUS)—-ccmceesce soca ete 27,217 
DaTbaruSis-oceageccse see 82, 225 
pulcheHus:.2ssccesesecemeones sic 147 

Arvicola amphibius............... 27, 33, 37, 82, 122 
OLValisic as. sce ssca eee eee 27, 82, 151, 159 

CAMP EStTS 2. ccc cc acetlacieecce 82, 159, 161 
Plarcolus)s/s.c2.22 2c fos ebsSemeccesees 82 

TUDIGUS:.< -.-5- see sisi itis BretioMeacce es 82 
Subterraneus: 2222. 2+ccseemece 82, 152, 154 
ASCATIGAO = si -.00 et os ce senecessosebeutenaeenae 39, 65 
NS CATIG CA e nomena aces aacace ono ase meee 39 
ASCAPINAG sc asia oa: aac Sewienrecree ences. 39, 40, 42 
USSCATIS stasven.s Saiz este. e Sem nets nals si 3,39, 40, 41, 42, 53 
QCULMISSUM Oarsie cowemieisicee Joes eee eene 67 
OMLCTSONT Aoccmes lec cence coeneeeeaes 52 
CASLONIS 5.3522 2os nae seaeeee metas 40-41 

EUDOGISE 2 < o.oo eee eee One 86, 90 

VETO L casement senate a oae a came 42,43 

IAG VIS Sess jcincaes Saacachoseeneeeccnes 40, 41 

LOUIS iss aes Satie eee oe nate neers 41 
Jumibricoides.:.2..-2-2<cese2 ss cue 3,40 

MVUNIS sais ce oie neice ae ee ciao eee 204 

QOLUSO toreetle odes maheae 2 as eess ee eee 204 

OUDELATES See saa rcs See eee 81 

OLY UTE 5 <2 nis cece cmigraw vin be lete me werion te 81 
DigMontatae sce sccoce. see eee 40, 41-42 

SPOClOS oe os ogee oe ee see eee 40 
SUTPUMOSO aio oi0 15s wn sstaiece coe siecaeeien ce 199 

COLPO ED Sariece thc seas aca aces Tae 199 
BCIACULOLILS Sone antes clara ieeas Geese 43, 44 

LENO DUCT OR o = carnnisinis See oe ee oe ee 86 
UNC 20 Shee secsocdacces osesasete 49, 53 

DEUIGEND so aed duc nose casscoteecccteees 99 
vermicularis B muris........-.-.----- 81 





250 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
ENSeAT OIC ONS one eee eae eee aces 6,89, 40,44,65 | Capillaria ransomia..................-.....- 33,34 
ascaroidea, Protospirura.....-.-.. 203, 207-211, 225 Schmidtivse ss -see cease eee 33, 36, 37-388 
AtIANtOxerUus(POLMLUS' sacaace eines eeicies enise 98, 105 tumida -/..22 cbee. dete cecesereemees 33 
atrodorsalissSciuruSse see. ssac ee acmencaees S4e| Camillarinae soe cess teen eee ee eee see 19 
auduboni baileyi, Sylvilagus............-.-- 102 | capybara, Hydrochoerus..................-- 81 
avellanarius, Muscardinus..........----.---- 170, | ‘earruthersi, Wumiseiurus se. ~c.s22sessceeee os 147 
IMVOXUSS ct 20 oe je cee ceeeeste 170) |: ‘Castor fibers s- <-csseeee see ee 21, 40, 109, 188, 198 
Daciliata(Capillania-.) eece saa eens 33;.84-S0 5 | CAStOnISS ASCAnIS | senate ane eee ne ee 40-41 
bacillatum, Trichosomum........------------ 34 richocephalus sass. eseencnasee are 20,21 
baileyi, Neotoma floridana..............-.-- 138) |veavalli, Strongylus\.22 a2. <.---es 144, 146-147 
Sylvilagus auduboni..............-- 102), |< Caviaacushy:..- <2: <'s2..-s3sesesaeeeee aaa 222 
Dakodyie Ui nicheng ss cracls Jono eiseecho ee seit 223 agoutin’ 220 22 sos oot oe ea eeree eee 23 
Darbarus pArvicanthiss (uo. c) ca sase pene as 82, 225 SPSL sp. Sica ok cin cise oes eee oa 53 
eccheys. Citellus 2 32). 2222s sos sea eect 188, 189 eaperign sus te eee eee Ae eee 53 
DIG AWM AnIA Sos) t coe ne eae eee 220, 221-222 CODBY Gas hei bs ee aoe eee eee 12,196 
DAU DIChelONCM = er ioini2 se ae ener 221 PCR = oj5 ot cise ses net ans Saee-Eeeeeee 145 
bifurcatum, Citellinema..+........2..0... 141-142 porcellss ss 222% oats teeter er 12, 50, 196 
GiADIAtAN S ptr ODLENd eos no a2 oe sine eases = 23. Caviaeiaguit, SpirOplera:.- =. .)-1-s= eee aie 219 
Distriata; Wsothrixysc ec. sence easeeeise seit 27 |\ Cercolabes:prebensilis. <2. 2. -assiseeiane em 184 
Wouecheres 45 = 222 ice = Secmeereeiice 2th |B Ohabentig SPECies: 556 ep tcene sae eee eee 116, 119 
OLGStt  SUTONGYUUS on nore oases se ese eiseee eee 1395|) Ghactopnathar.<. 22.5.5 see ee aces eee 4 
iplattargermanica:® <2. 2o--s.sc5-0 eee 195) |), chrisoptera, Spiropvera._- 2.25222. seen 219, 220 
orientalis. 225 .5.2)5-¢5 <2 -0 esas ese == 202) ||" Ciconia alban. csccccas-cs 05 se- beac eee 215 
Oomwelt: Heterakis yon ao ase ves seeiss se 54 | cinerea rupicola, Neotoma..............-...- 138 
ODYNEMA] Necies arias ceisjnae aeeaeae anes 54 | cinnamomeus, Ammospermophilus leucurus. 93 
Sibulura Secor oes eecccaeeeceesee 52;64-56, |) circularis) Wilaria. .. 22.5... <-eaesee 180, 183-184 
brachylaimus, Deletrocephalus.........-.. 121-122 iPhysaloptera..---2)--- aoe 212, 215-216 
Strongylusecec emer ca. seee 121-122' | cireumflexa, ‘Trichina ..- . =<. -.-.eee-ceeeeen 10 
rachyura-yAcanthions io). 2. es eeccsece « (4.\; Gitellinemas 22s 30o: Sein oe vee ee sae 123,141 
IPR Y Strix. eosin heya cer 74 pifurcatwims joo 54ers 141-142 
brasiliensis, Holochilomys...........-------- 27; 82%4|7 Citellus beeCheyis. 2. sa oamiae i eee ees 188, 189 
Holochilus ya2.scesessene- seen 27, 82 Civellus: 3-5 <5 s52-35-neseeeeneeion 25, 82, 213 
MODUS Weise clon stiaseiseminnaeecieese 102 @lOZANS oc So sos seem sel Sete eee eras 142 
Sylvilagus. 20s s<cae setae oss sae 102) | eitellus; Arctomiys:. 22 2-).2% s2ss<ce--e-eeee 82 
brauni, Spiroptera.....-.--- Seether ayeioss 204, 207 Citellas ede aesegseenee 25, 82, 213 
braziliense, Heligmosomum........-. 150, 154-155 Spermophilus. —...: ---ecmceemerecenle 82 
YAZIIONSISMMUS =o cele ecica- eee tee 214 \veitili; Physaloptera::.22°..- cc s-cm- =eee 212,213 
brevicepssyGeomys'......c. 50s. .5s-ctceeteeee! 210 ISPINODUET OL 5 = 3-5/4 owner mecca 213 
previcolle, Trichosoma........232..<\-2eteesshs=- 33) |jncitillus VATCtOMYS2= os ssns-cseccinda mses 25, 213 
brevispiculum, Gongylonema..... 191, 196, 197-198 Spermophilus --/3-%- <<. seeentacleeee = 25 
prucelperocavia: 2.2.38) 0e- 6 assess anes 122 -|\ clausa, Physaloptera....< .-ssce-eaapeasaeas os = 212 
IBUNOSLOMCAG A Beiscenaeuec-ecicciecsee tee 1070025019) | cobaya;\Cavie. -< 252222 -n5-1--- os aeeeae 12, 196 
IBUNOSLOMANO Cc) oss ae ein no eneeee on eeee 112: |} Coelogenys paca..2.2..---. 5-4 epee eee ase 145 
IBunostomumn eS ovecce cma cc cers esc cees 112: | Coendouprobensilis <- 7-255 -.-55--eeeieee ee 184 
calcaratus, Trichostrongylus.......-.. 125,126-128 | cohaerens, Strongylus.........-..-.+--+--+--- 115 
californicus melanotis, Lepus..............-- 102 | collaris, Crossophorus. ....-...<<<<speaee ails 42-43 
Callospermophilus lateralis...........-.----- 93 | coloradensis, Rictularia ........-. 169, 173-175, 225 
GCOLOMIUIN: Soo ee oe ees aoe ke alemicciee sane 33 | commutatus, Strongylus...........-.--------- 163 
ONNULOSUINS Hoek <2 ooo coat eee 35 Synthetocaulws. <2. 22ceoe2- oes 163 
MAD UOSUT sone. e acme scee eee eee 37 |, conica, Hilarie... os. < << sec eeeeee ee ae 220, 222 
campestris; Arvicola: 2. <</-:-5--<-sc.e 82,159,161 | conicwm, Dicheilonema..........-.-----++---- 222 
Dipodillaes as aso accor ee 629154,198: \/eontorta;, Trichuris: -..--2tepece «asee-neeee ee 20,21 
Dipodillus. 222. c. sae .. 62,154, 196,198 | contortus, Trichocephalus.........--....---- 21 
MOD USyoesne se cletein Sorel hectare ere 186,187 | convoluta, Milaria.._-...-ctckeciaslen sae sceces 200 
Caniceps OCiurlS -.2-. 2-2 soe eee stee aed eh 94 PUSOTG . 3. eee ere (ote AOD 
capensis, Georhynchus...............-.---:- 21,27 | copulatum, Eucyathostomum.....-.-.-------- 115 
SAOrVCHUS.; 2-2. 05s sl meee 21,27 Eucyathostomum...........-...- 115 
GeOSCLUFUS et, fs ee 99 | Sclerostomum ans s sean scene a 

my) | M@OSIMO CEL CHA nemet circ mice ae = Salter rei ko een 1 

me ApS . eee eh aes een eee =, ce costellatum, Heligmosomum....- 149, 150-151, 153 
Procavia 25 3d. Ga pw ehna Laine. 43.013 costellatus, Metastrongylus........-..-..----- 150 
ee Rn tons we Se meh a haa = ee Roe DENONGY CUS seem ae ere ere 149, 150, 159 
capibara, Hydrocherus. ....-..-.--++--++++++ 158 coypus; Myocaston. 0. see Ge Ue eneeeteeeee 80 
Gapilaria spor aoe ewzt spose 19, 22,88, 34, 35, 36, 37 Meyopotamuas.: <5 rc0s4) secs uit 80 
annulosa.......-.-------+-- 33,35-86,33 | erassicauda, Trichocephalus.......-.-..+----- 13 
DACA ..jsjc.009-55 55 nie 33, 34-35, 37 Trichod 6S. oscssheeceos oO ee 13 
papillosa~<. -<aecmee aac eee 33,37 THCHOSOME. 2aac< asco tee ees 13 
PUL TVOTUAUES «(aster einleaieinasieiele aii 163 LI4CROSOMUUT serae atom erae isan aires 13 


INDEX. 251 
Page. Page 

crassicauda, Trichosomoides ...... yee 12;18-19,221 | Echinomys'antricole... <2 2-2 2-2scescc0 <8 27,109 
Crassispiculum, Allodapa....2..25..<.--..560< 60° | ‘Ectobia germanica....<2..22 cceecceens tees 195 
Cricelonirys PaMlDianus 22.2.2 cseeceuescansees 47" | relegans, Citellusic.s2< acct wea se eiias eis 2 aoe cue 142 
Cricetus CLiCObUSS 22 2.26 seen 'escceacea cece cee 125,89) ‘Mhomys:quercinus” <2... ..2c%sis'220sccecs 33, 36, 154 
APUMONCATIUS . o2 2. 2s esse esenctoe ose 12,89' | elongata, Allodapa: -..s2<2cccc% ccs vs ece oe s 60-62 

TTL AL See Siete ieee erase te See 89 | elvirae, Rictularia.--.........%.22..-- 169, 170-171 
CHICOtUS; CTICObUS: 2. 6 Lec ser. ccise sees sererscsloce 12589) |) Eneyathostomum 2.2. Si -0cin oes ssecsees +2525 114 
eriniformis, Uncinaria: ..2..22222<-2-28-s0656 111 CODUIAIWIN a2 case decease see 115 
CHIStALa ELYSWIX. 2... 55-5 - cecesece 24 30 sSon let, 222 4|| WNUCLODIUS oe cee et eeae mca een ne Pace ee 225 
Rictianiaace-- ce eee ees cwe ese 169-170 | Epimys glexandrinus.-2-.252-22c24002200 sen 32, 206 
crisiaium, Ophiostoma.< 2.6252 -s.cnesecss- =e 169 MOE VEOLICUSS2 esc es eSee ee cose 8: 
Ophiostomum............--------- 169 12, 17,32, 35, 37, 38, 47, 48, 145, 155, 196, 206 
CrOSSODMOLUS eceme cae ci ene er- alesis a1s0/ 39, 42,43 TAULISME sheen tod tee eee eto Hire 
COlarismes. 7 sees se eee a 42-43,44 27, 35,37, 47, $2, 190, 196, 206, 207, 216, 221 
tentaculatus....,..=<..c2-4- 42, 43-44 SIPOTANUS S$5325-- 2 o.n5c022 sees ceseees = 206 
Ctenodactylus gundi...............- 64, 76, 134, 135 SPOClOSEs ae ociecte ese sean ee BU gees 
cucullatum, Heteroxynema..........--.- 56, 57-60 SUPIEL. pccateaeseee See ce fheeseeees 187 
cuniculus domesticus, Lepus..........------ 2D UPANGAG ops sashes oh ek eats 27, 82,217 
fOGUS MUODUSs oss cece setae te. eee 25: |, epixanthum, Mrethizon2...2..-s2s8e.5-+--. 74 

WePUSs 2. Socse- 3. ce se oe ee Sea 8, | Gul, OxyUrIS: 222. 05s eesees deectienes 65, 94, 225 

12, 70, 126, 140, 148, 165, 167,196 | equinus, Strongylus..............----------- 108 

Ory clolafilsieesace ese soe eee erence Sol WrethizOns sc .2-2 + =seseitesceseemesaaee ree 144,188 

12, 25,70, 126, 140, 148, 165, 167, 196 dorsatum............ 74, 144, 145, 182, 190 ° 

CTINICHIUS PACA se < coc cis om isiais siesle s e'cia' vie.o'esn) 53,145 epixanthum -: 5.222204... ssc estes 74 
CULICHNOSLOMIAGEs 2620-2 sec 2 essa sone sea 114 }-erythropus; Huxerus':. 2.2 2-as2c22 e242 sense 52, 56 
Cylicostomeae........-........---- 107,114,119, 122 MOTUS se sista < heini sree -. 56 
OULCOSLONUINGCE sas a 55-52 s5 Se teen stosieaiees se 5 114 | Bucyathostomum 5. 22 2-2-- 22-525 cee 114-115 
Cylicostomuml: s<- 2.65... o0255-+emss2acece - 114,119 COP UIA TUS oracle ser 115 
Wystidicola sete x 580 .cadescas Scusaeee ccs eee. 64 longesubulatum.......... 115 
DECI VIS see oe eee ete alanis = ine eieicletciniaiass 64 | europaea, Talpa.....--...--..-.-.- Someone nels 152 
Dactylomys amblyonyx.....-..----.-------- 222 | europaeus, Lepus...... 12, 25, 32, 70, 126, 140, 148, 165 
dahomensis, Heterakis...........---..++++++-- 45,48 | Euryzygomatomys rufus..........--..---.-. 184 
Dasyprocta agouti......2-.-..-.-.. 105, 219, 220, 222 SPINOSUS:..c2c=eaees= ees 184 
APU 2 oses ce secses 23,105, 115,219,222 | Eutamias amoenus operarius...........----- 60 
MASVITICHUS, WCMIMUS 5 /<2.56,-cin110 sexe ce ness 176 QuadTIVIttAtUS. <.s0.ceecos-2 50-5 144,175 
decumanus, Mus ............-..--.---+--- 8,12,17, | Euxerus erythropus ............------------ 52, 56 
32, 35, 38, 47, 145, 155, 190,196,206 | evaginata, Oxyuris......-..-..2+++++-+++++---- 70 
Deletrocephalus..............----++--+++++ 121, 122 evoluta, Oxyuris ....... 66, 67, 70-74, 84 
brachylaimus............ 121-129 | Evotomys glareolus. .......-....------------ 82 
Gimidintustess-.cs2s2sness-- 122 PUTISH oa: Ses oe eae anes Seen ee 82 

delicatus, Trichostrongylus.........-.- 125 180181 | Pelarig. a. once cee cece ete eee en ee nessa ss 179 
WermNa LOX Seen sc. sseeee esac qosccee ee 65,99,103 | fallax, Neotoma mexicana..........-.--- 82, 83, 138 
Pot ae occ soscce wes ncscees 99, 108-105 Rictilaridie 2 .5.2.2c<cccctssacee 169, 171-172 

WV OLIS GNA see eeraee een ena ae 992102) |, Felis ocresta 2... S52. ccsecue cece cecesesse 225 

desertorum, Neotoma...............-.------ TIQe | fenOG A SCOTS meee cares oom eee anise naan 42, 43 
Giacantha. Pilarig 222222222 220c0-0-2 00. oes 180, 184 fers; epus cumiculus.. 22 -cse. es sseseten sae 25 
DWicheilonemMa. . ....'c6ssecc.c< sacces se secee 909°} fiber; Castor =. 222.2 5-20522--2cit 21, 40, 109, 188, 198 
DifidUyNe aoa aac ose eeceeascsoes 991 | Fiber zibethicus: - -.52..2. s6ssjccsesecen< 27, 34, 129 
CONiCUM....-.-.---.--------ee 922 | fiberius, Trichostrongylus............. 124, 129-130 
labiatuiMisss...2..<s224-6022-- 999°) “Hilaire. esca55 deaf ais - 2.00.05 sitsaisias eseins se 179 

DiChYVlenOucz. + sseesa ess se hehe ceeee sevens G4i eH Uar dias secre Soo oee sec ee ares enema sect 179 
Dictyocaulus flaria.--.. 5. 225225 cscs eases 162 MUSLELOTUTIU s co miensitoc one eeseseeniee 180 
dimidiatus, Deletrocephalus...............-. 129°): Bilariacs..- 225255. 25s 22 nse sce- acesssas ace 179- 
Dipodilla campestris...............-..-- 62, 154, 198 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 191 
Dipodillus campestris ..--........-- 62, 154, 196, 198 Difidaresooce aes soyerioaieiaiste Se 220, 221-222 
ATI SPA SCOT IG see octane ae rarctaiateiaiaiaions 86, 90 CIFCUIANIS 2.4, c622-e 2 seeieneeee 180, 183-184 
dipodis-tetradactyli, Nematoideum.......- 220, 223 CODICH 32.55 ssk'inarets vise ane sseactenenes 220, 222 
MiNUsiaCultiss yes sc tose. ccoserssc-ccee senate 89 convoluta...-. Pease aes ee 200 
SAC ae ee ee Gan hoses hone cece: 89 Giacantha s..\Joc.2 e200) Sees 180,184 
POWaAdaCtylUSs so) i aeissacierc 5 civics oie 220, 223 RYSETICNIS-PTENeENStlis .', <505:2cssiess-e 184 
Dispharagus invaginatus................---. 76 J@POlISe secs sea one ces tec aaiiserice 180,187 
DD OCUINUUS seers hese eae c os coe ve sis ccesesive ss 111 leporis pulmonalis....-...s:---s-s---0 163 
domesticus, Lepus cuniculus. ...........-.-- 25 (subcutanea).....-..-2-s-e-00e 187 
MOrsatar BLY Stik csocen can ss ce ccsc cee esse ce 144, 145 WinStOWil.ccdos. soccens ones 180, 183, 184-185 
dorsatum, Erethizon. .......... 74, 144, 145, 182, 190 LONCHER esses sae ee toca isete 184 
IDTEMOMYS HUN POMIS. ose s ice ces cicieinissele ves 171 MAPS ccreccceeeceoas 179, 180-181, 182, 183 
dryas, Myoxus. ...........-.2...00-seeeecces 170 ANCAINENSIS 2 ace ok cls da.dccwaeoeeseane- 180 
IDVTOMVS Nitedia. .2.< Scacs esc seseesceceese 170 INUIT COA foes aoc esareicciess:asio terse alee 108, 187 


252 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
RALATIG MUNI Sooo coc ceric ciacasteteeswecca shee e 204 | Gongylonema minimum.....-..--------+-+-- 191 
MUULTIS-SCONAMCNTS: . -)o.c. a a raeeieresie'-taisle = 221 musculis 28 eee eee 191-192 
MNUSCUUE Co Uate raincoat eemee reece se 191 MEO DLUSTICU sonece tees eee eae 193 
muustela barbata. ..... 20-222 eeere=--= 180 neoplasticum:.....:--....-. -. 4,191, 
mustelae barbaraé.........-----+------ 180 193-196,198, 199 
POIMMe sas c wees onset ace ee nee 180 SPOClOS see J. S323 ae 191, 198-199 
MALSLELATU Nba ixicciieis = cscincieciemetenia ste as 180 VOLLUCOSUMB ss asassseee eee 199 
SUDCULENED aot winis nic swt 180) |"Gongyloneminae:s2s5s-csssee eo see oe 190-191 
ODEUSE as oe Sete t Anne eee eee 204 | gracile, Heligmosomum...............---- 150, 153 
METFOTONG 2 arc ccieie~almajaiemeinemiae ae eielsala= 180 | gracilis, Metastrongylus ..........---2----+---- 153 
PISEUL ALIS Here seis orate ate laoreet 180, 183, 185 Strongylusiscasseeeeen ete eee see 153 
PULMONALE Jas 5 Sibir we ciemlnietn/=[ainie=(0'== == 163 Trichocepnalusizcac > eee ce saa =tas 23 
CLAS PING Jas ole e'=aramietaSeieelste r= 180, 181 Prichurisss.jjsiss0oocsce sees eeen eee 20,23 
MA UUDLCUNES = w aiala le loin l> ole o\eistalats eletalaiele/=l=:-\= 200i) Graphidtum: o\jacecem sain csicissee er esree =a 123, 139 
TY CUDICUT ULES aw asic semen sees eee esas 199, 202 strigosuml. ss eseeaee 126, 189-141 
SCAPICEPS seats. se ainccieiziace= ee 180, 185-187. | Graphiurus murinus..............-...--.---- 215 
BCIUN Ree oa sms ee eset oe sae se reatece 183,184 | gundi, Ctenodactylus...........----- 64, 76, 134, 135 
SpeCleSeeaer ie cscesece cece 180, 188,190,199 | Habronema muscae.............--.------0e- 224 
SETWMOSGeaenisisns osicenece see eoeccse seer 200) | hamata Oxyuris 2.5J5-2-s- oe see ecae 66, 79-80 
subcutanea. .-.......-- 180, 181, 182-183,190 | Heligmosominae-......-....-- 123, 148-149,158, 160 
CERAM Sia orcisianms sioitaa see reels aiolei ota 163 | Heligmosomoides..........------ 149, 159, 160-161 
filaria, Dictyocaulus.............------------ 162 linstowi=c2.2-secses ace 161-162 
WMilariidagesceeesm tk. cectcwcsoss seensseeeets © 179,191 | Heligmosomum........-.-. 141, 146, 148, 149-150, 
Milariinae: 45: .ss-023eco0<4seeueseesee =e 179,188 151, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159 
Filarioidea........ 6, 40, 64, 178-179,190, 199, 223, 224 braziliense........... 150, 154-155 
WAlarit se sssessssscesssssenes Rafe c Sie ea aes eieietete 179 costellatum....... 149, 150-151,153 
filicollis, Nematodirus.........-.-.---- 132, 133, 135 eracile...:scs2steeeceteese 150,158 
SETOMGY LIS: a ccrare re oie elnie w\a/<fal=i= =\e1c)<'= = 133 laeViescesiacece 150, 153-154,160 
ALO TI: as he Oe ose cba sede en eee 179 minutum..... 150, 151-152,153, 157 
flabellum, Oryuris......-..0.0-222-0 eee eee eee 77 DOUYGYTUM = 22 clelncleiee'c'we cae MeL 5S 
Aszellums!OxyuUPrisis. hors 1:0 sielne ecto s cinnslels 66, 77-79 vexillatum....... 150, 152, 155-158 
floridana baileyi, Neotoma............--.---- 138) | hepatica, Hepaticola.;.....225-scsse-es=- 30, 31-33 
floridanus alacer, Sylvilagus...........-.-- 1865487), |, Hepaticolassecsccs sascisconessaceee cr eenets 19,30,31 
mallurus, Sylvilagus...... 25, 70, 128, 186 hepatica sss ase tee 30, 31-33 
Sylvilagusion sat aensiee sts sae vette 25 | hepaticwm, Trichosoma.....-.-.---------+-+-- 31 
fossor, Thomomys.......-.------------- 23, 118, 157 | hepaticus, Trichocephalus.....-.--.---.------ 31 
MrICHUTIS Ss aciaeerernlenisatcieeowresic ---- 21-23,24 | Herpestes ichneumon..............-.---...-- 225 
frumentarius, Cricetus...........-. See ae eees 12,89 | Hesperomys leucogaster .....---- 24. Su eee RRD 
Hunisciurus carruthersi. 2... lecc vecmace = 147 NASUbUS see eee los 82 
SPALSUT EL Uy vic sere a ofa = sim = eatot tera aria) 65, 225 physodes...... te eee Soc ne see 27, 82 
DEPTIVICULOTIS crocs wieve es ctetete alate ntewte ve 225 species. 225%: Satta eee eee 183 
Fusaria....------- 22220022022 eee eee e cece eens 40) | Feteracidae =. 2 :22<s3¥2s 2225255254222 eee 44 
QOULISSUTUL ois cicleinlojeieolnintataltetalotee oeteisra 60 Fi eracis Oe ao. sees te See <2 a ee re 45 
CONVOLUEG. ...-..---- +22 eee eee eee eee 199)\| eterakidae:.o.--<.2-s2--42e22% 39, 44,51, 62, 64, 65 
IMUTIS) oa’ wiciaiarelsloin « cietela(aiafalnls\claisielelele\s\ein' 204" | eterakinae =... -- © ssse eee seer ee -..-. 44,45, 49 
ObVELALA.... 22-22 -------- eee eee eee SIs| aeeterakis ss ocsssssseere eee eee 44, 45,52, 105 
gambianus, Cricetomys...........----------- 47 bowelicas2sscsscssseasesns teceeeee 54 
gangula, Ganguleterakis......-.-----+--+--++-- 45, 48 GGNONENSIS S225. = 2c tee ae aioe 45, 48 
Gangtileter kis sae «saosin cic nc cinerea cies =n (nial 45 SpuUMOSAs.-s-seee a eeasee ee 45-49,59 
GONG WUD. So jajaiciwiniielee alctatclarwialstataa 45, 48 uncinata......-.--- ie Ta. oe 49, 50, 53 
Geomys breviceps...... 2... -....eceneen-ssloee 210 VeITUCcoSa......-------- eee 105-106 
Georhychos illigeri.... 2.2... cst snseec scene 21 VeSICUIALIS 3.1 32 sae cemee nae ete 45, 48 
Georhynchus capensis............----------- 21,27 | Heterohyrax mossambica-...--..----------. 122 
Georychusicapensis./-..-5../2toc--sess---60e 21,27 | Heteroxynema.....---------------+-+--+-+ 52, 56,57 
Geosciarus:capensis: -) .-cq2-.~-nteeeeeoeene 99 cucullatum.......------- 56, 57-60 
germanica, Blatta..........----- 2s dbsencsdde 195 | hilgerti, Oxyuris.....-.------------ 65, 67, 74-77,98 
etobine eee 195 Holochilomys brasiliensis Bete re qoeiee at 27 , 82 
getula, Dermatoxys...........22.--2-- 99:108-105 | Holochilas brasiliensis one coo -- 25 sear ege a 
gotulus;;Atlantoxerus.. ......<---0fosee cen 98,105 Paysvdes Te Naa | 8 eae oe 
Oe edie Dae eh Panella: 98. 105 hydrochaeris, Hydrochoerus. ....----------+ 81, 158 

oes ‘ carats : . 

PlACIAISUOP USS oe <.c< 210)\<sieln-s/1wisteiaasal steerer 70 hydrocher, ees cos yale AN EEE SBE te Sea us 
y 3 « Hydrocherus capibara....-.----------------- 158 
glareolus, Arvicola.......-.-------2.2222 220s 82 Hydrochoerus capybara pe A ee oe 81 
IBV OUOMLY SEs ice octe ne sid eet eeiate sersiersi 82 hydrochaeris.......-----+-++ 81, 158 
Glis glis......--+-+-+---- +++ eee eee rere eee 153,170 | 7 ymenolepis nana........------------------ 145 
GUIS, GISe s Seionc cece cece ree as ewe winielctes(= 158, 170 Biyracoldeas-eeese sss as ee eee een ene 3 
MivOXUS ste easter ces cccemssadescace ... 153,170 | Hyrax capemsis.......---------------------- 43, 213 
Gongylonema..... 190, 191,192, 193, 197, 198, 199, 206 syriagus..¢dc2es0 Soeeseeee 43, 66, 78, 83, 213 
brevispiculum..... 191, 196,197-198 | hystrichis-prehensilis, Filaria.....-.-- Heats 184 


INDEX. 253 

Page. Page. 

hystrichis, Spiroptera................. 220; 222-228, | Wepus migricollase.: oc sc5-0-cicecee n= -senn = =~ 129 
SEONG YULS nae once eae eee sees eine 222 SPOClOSi so ea codes eccetnes sees cadsacce 70 

PTYSUIK: Suis scccecssctekwcosistesscs Bemiseier atic 144 SYIVALICUS. sensteeoceca seas acon ene 128,186 
prachiytira wees se se. Seen eee eee 74 timidus........ 12, 25, 70, 126, 140, 148, 165, 187 

ChIStata sens occc.c. sees oes 24, 30, 85, 181, 222 Vietigpilis. fo secct sores ose scceeceee 25 

CONSETT ae ce eGo ~ mega cceassceses 144,145 | leucogaster, Hesperomys................--.-- 82 
LOMONSINS Ras sepsis sepa wie ee keratin 184 Onychomys=ss.--.-c22-cos0 soos 82 
ichneumon, Herpestes....-....-. ae cneecee 225 | leucurus cinnamomeus, AMmospermophilus. 93 
BENIVENULIS, OCLUTUS <5 o)45.5 cd,clecsicsscewealaamen WSS MIMLEUIS EA SCOMIS ims ac locale stale n Zine sistent ie eis 41 
MMI Peri G CORN yChOSsc2s....0=s2 ees ceiee ance ae 21 | lewisi, Trypanosoma.................22.200. 190 
infundibulus, Trichocephalus............-.+-- * 23 | linstowi, Filaria..................- 180, 183, 184-185 
PUTICHUNIS tance c esas 20, 23-2 4,30 Heligmosomoides.............-- 161-162 

intestinalis, OLrONSylOIdeS =< ..2 2. a -ceeeeeees 7 | Loncheres bistriata..............-.-.-------- 27 
invaginatus, Dispharagus: ss... 5..ce0ce00 76 TLL es eee eel ee eee SS 184 
BENOLAULIS pOUOMIYS <a acc\einisie oie = aa See iclo= 111,147 | loncheri, Filaria...........2-.22.02.0-2eeeeeee 184 
‘tropicalis, Otomys.............-- 111,147 | Jongesubulatum, Eucyathostomum.......... 115 

MSOGHGI DISTMATE s2:s-<iats.ce celeste atalcinmnieiewicie 27 LONGUS, RNROCONCMO. s..c2ccccseo on ceemecwone i 
pachyura........-..-------- seceeeee 109 Strongyloides sss-2 sense ee 7 
isotrichis, Sclerostomum ......-+-----+-+-+++-- 108 | Lumbrici muris..........2.2ccccececececceeee 204 
PUL OLIV UUS yea ctetere seeyataerlate: = els 168-109 | Lumbricoides........--ccccccececccccccccceue 40 

jaculus, Dipus.....-.---...-------- settee eee 89 | lumbricoides, Ascaris..........-.........+++- 3 
Jaculus....----------+-+-+++-+- +22 89 | major, Strongylus retortacformis.........----- 163 

Jaculus jaculus..-...-----+++++++++++-+2+-++- 89 | mallurus, Sylvilagus floridanus...... 25, 70, 128, 186 
sagitta.........-...--- settee cece sees 89 | marmota, Arctomys................2222--2-- 41 
ieaiGus; LepUSe cosa. ae acct cance. 2 cose 102 Marmota......-. ccc ccccccceccccece 41 
Kalicephalus....-..... eee eee teeter eee eee 119 | Marmota marmota........----- eee eccccccee 41 
Kannabateomys amblyonyx..........--..--- 222 THOMA oe oes ee he See 41 
Kathlaniinde......-+++++ 200-22 eee eee eee eee 51 | martis, Filaria............... 179, 180-181, 182, 183 
CALM CEN BSe a ees a cise Sn cic Sw wleeic cisions Scie wiweies 41, 42 Mastigodes ee et Mer eT ee ee, Se Ae be ty. ae 20 
labiatum, Dicheilonema..:......:.2....-...- 222 Off IS S.. Secn Shee 28 
labiodentata, Protospirura........... 203-204,225 PepOriSsse osccesdaedch ac oes 8 eee 24 
DUO DUENG afale ase es ee eo ae 203 MULT IS coon eee Re eee 26 

laeve, Heligmosomum..........-.. 150, 158-154, 160 | Maupasina weissi...................--------- 76 
HAGVAS PASCALIS awiec a vneiels elvimeiniececeeae =e orcs 40,41 | medinensis, Filaria...........---2-2-0-----«-- 180 
Metastrongylus.. ...0.0.-0.---+c--s0--2- 153 | mediospiralis, Physocephalus............. 219-220 

DD ENONGYLUS 15,5 «tole, aisine asics ncleiemia ain 153, 159 DMO DUET Case cece meee eee ae 219, 220 

EAU DRY CLES «ate erare's aie wine = oe ease ce neh ee os = 168 | melanogaster, Sciurus...................-- 172, 218 
lateralis, Callospermophilus..............---- 93 | melanotis, Lepus californicus................ 102 
erradaaminutoides. 2.25. 25.2 sse0 sete seine 40,82 | Mesomys spinosus...#......------.---.---20- 184 
lemmi, Strongylus............-------- 121, 122-123 | Metastrongylidae.............. 106, 107, 162, 168, 177 
MrIChOSOMUM ..sc02 222 ssc ece ce... 33,37 | Metastrongylinae..................-.--.-- 162-163 
Lemmus amphibius..............-.-- 33,37,82,122 | Metastrongylus.........-.-.-.----+++-- 150, 158, 162 
SPA CLUS re eyseicateer al atclare Sietete selene === 82 Costellatus = 2. c.cscnaescae ee 150 
GASYUTICHUS: 6cec.cinsn2csmacsees es 176 QTOCLIS vas seec a sese cs cece ese ee 153 

MUGUWISS eels Sacco = sec Serre 82 LDCUIS Secs ook cee ee ees 153 

HepOnisa Hilania se ass 82 ce hese cee: ae 180, 187 MINULSSINUS.. .20202200-22000- 166 
IMOSTIGODES -viacivcGeawoccesiccwcigisee sess 24 NUNULUS: Joos ceises Ss densa as 15! 
(pulmonale), Trichosomum.........-- 163 PATAdOXUS <...csceesc cheeses 150 
pulmonalis, Filaria.........-..------ 163 MOLYGUTUS Ac acct ees eeeesseece 158 
(subcutanea), Filaria..........---.--- 187 | mexicana fallax, Neotoma............-.. 82, 83, 138 
THiCROCEDNOUUS ss wooden: sn ccoedeensae = 24a MicroOnlariasjjesciascose=eoge celeste = 179, 188, 189, 190 

UT TICHOSONUUMN seas sae aia wee ae aalewee sate 163 plimimerizes..s22anc ese 188, 189-190 
PIRICHUTIS Sess se see eene tance es 20, 24-26 YOSONAUT 2.25 c:2c15 sss em se ciacs es 188-189 
LEDOTILTIL SPUN O DCCC coc oct wecciccciss sess nse 148 SPOClOS. Ss ssssseoeaee ne csemetsls 188,190 
DULOD PYIUS setae cacaceicn eo esew sate 144,148 | Micromys minutus... ..- 255. --<cescssecece- 82 

GCTVUTIS oe chee oe chee oe ode owtsic.w a aisizis science ois 65 | Microtus arvalis............- 27, 82, 151, 152, 159, 161 
WGGPUS ALCEICUS <2 2 eo ee Seen coos Bem cnecedcecitics 70 UVa e se. eee dee eee aes 204 
OTASHIGNSIS So esse scence weceticiecittewecc 102 || mimus, Sciurus'aberti.- 22-2. -2.s.cscsceemens 131 
californicus melanotis.............-.-- 102 | minimum, Gongylonema.......------ poaeee es 191 
COMPOSULIS sy wees anne tesa eae neces 186; 187 minimus, MUS. 2... - chide ccs cstescseecm cece 220, 223 
cuniculus... 8, 12, 70, 126, 140, 148, 165, 167,196 | minutissimus, Mctastrongylus.........------- 166 
GOMESTICUS ewe aacsee occ Soe 25 SUT ONGUUIGS Series ces einai 166 

MODUS ete ctuaieae te eeeisin see ee 25 | minutoides, Legeada..:.2:...-.-.-ssee-cs5-- 40, 82 
europacus.....- 12, 25, 32, 70, 126, 140, 148, 165 MUS Se oeiesciee J ceshweccbacsa eases 40, 82 
Placialiisscce- 5 sos seca siso sean ae sie ss ce 70 Sironeyluss. 2s... sc0e- 144, 147-148 
IKADUICUSS cc.chtcecctise sc asscccwtecsicciss 102 } minutum, Heligmosomum.... 150, 151-152, 153, 157 





254 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
minutus, Metastrongylus..........-..--+----- LS | mustelarum, Filaraia. ci. cs-scesecceecee cae cee 180 
MiCromlys 2 seis )onte cpentoerac eee ee 82 Fularigss acct esSearoeeece sce ae 180 
MUSE jose accern eee heen seme leas 82 subcutanea, Filaria............-.. 180 
SUTONGYUUS Toe aos oee es See oe eee 151) Miyocastor/coypustee: sss ees t eee eee eee eters 80 
mMolitorsMenebrios..- ci. cce a-ee= sete ee 195") Myopotanlus COypUSaccsesnete ese eceese eee 80 
MONA -ATCLOMLYS sane eee eee aee aeeiee 41 || Myoprocta acouchysacesteacet ese se ee eeee 222 
IMArmotasss soe ree eee ene weae 41 | myoxi-nitelae, Trichosomum............- 33,36-37 
monhystera Rhabditiss= 6. oes Se ee 3. ea LOT MMOLE SUONGULULS se ass eee cece cee ameenecee 153 
mossambica, Heterohyrax..........-.------- 122) MiyOxUSS 2s. nt cee icntissciiscnies setemenaae cere 153 
mucronatum, Ophiostomum.........-..---- 64 avellanariusroces seco s- seen eee 170 
MANULICO La PEMA see's cesses vainecis sete 180,187 dryasst :sitistiee acco ccncscememoeee 170 
SPIO DLE Diana Base oe ete eee eee oe 187 lis ees se eet eaere aaa 153, 170 
muridisWneinaria..0.-.\..ass-ase soe ecse 111-112 MUscardinustess-ncoeeoee enero ces 170 
MULINYSs GrapMiurusise2eseeekece esos es 215 mitediwlare sete ccmee ese cne eomener 170 
muris-amphibii, Nematoideum.......------- 122, 123 nitellas- .-c ce osccessseeeeecce. 33, 36, 154 
ASCONIS sooo rin Caesars mene ae ho aaetee 204: DMAYZOMIMUS2 diigccccecesteeccccterceeeesetner 191 
VERMICULATIS Bvecdeoce se set eee Sl || mana, Eymenolepis.2-sasceccesccesns sneeenee 145 
-braziliensis, Physaloptera.. 212,213-214, 216 Daenige sen sea cacc coe eee eee 145 
-decumani, Trichosoma.......-..------ 13335)\|| Nasutus,;Hesperomyss..-22<-ecewccce esse sere 82 
PATA 2 hel cicemesesieaer eat 204 Oxymy cterus/ 3-3 5 se ee eee eee 82 
HUSOTIOSS: oso os bones teres jee keeoe 204 Peromyscus: tec2 eases see neste 82 
TUMORIC. 56 ok Hoes eee a 204; Mavalis; Mus tssticcaccsscaasccess secs cesar 204 
MASHIGODES Sia aR Ie eee oaice QGVINGCStOr ss cocceccncesecceaeloscnen eae 119 
=musculi, Trichosoma......22525...02. 33,87) | Nemathelminthés:.c.csscscmeneccese cease 4 
IPTOLOSPITUTA: A eas enscls 203, 204-207, 210,225 | Nematoda............-.------ 4-5, 6, 9, 39, 106, 178 
“scandentis, MilaTi@.. «2. \s.\sclsete lente see 221, | Nematodirus. ...5..--.2 2.23 123, 181-132, 133, 136 
-sylvatici, Trichosoma.............-... 33,36 filicollis......... fete =! 132,133, 135 
Trichocephatus......-0------- Ste er 26 neotoma:=:.-2..--s---- 132,136-1388 
PPICHUTISE Ase eiie shee ee cie eeecwicls 20, 26-27 spathiger’ co ecc ceases 132, 133-185 
IMTS Ta USS stew ok einisls wicle\ sta wisleteisioe ee oe sins 12 BD ECLES Morenci eee pelea eee 136 
Slexandrinus re </s2s = seesee see eee 32/206 | Nematoldeumisescecesss cee sm ece cee se eens 123, 223 
AIMPHIDIUS! cact acsccuicns secceseer emacs 27, 122 dipodis-tetradactyli........ 220, 228 
OLVALISE. jcovias nccssoes ence ceeor a toe. 27 muris-amphibiit..........--- 122, 123 
IDTAZIMENSIS Fre sont sence Se ee eee 214 ovis (pulmonale) ..........-..- 166 
CAPCNSIS2 och ee «Bee ee eee cece eee 21) | MNematoxyse. voce ---- cc osc e erst coe eaee cease 106 
GSCUINANIUS Soso eases e eee eee teres oar 8,12, | neoplastica, Gongylonema..........---------- 193 
17, 32, 35, 38, 47, 145, 155, 190, 196, 206 iSpinoptenaa seen ee oe ees 193 
THAIN sraiciwics vs Eee eee ease ee 220, 223 | neoplasticum, Gongylonema..............--- 4, 
MINUtOIDES. = oe oso t esas Pee ee 40, 82 191, 193-196, 198, 199 
minutus. ...- BS oo aicioterods baw det neues 82) | AN@OLOMEA? Pica ce eset oe see eee eae 138 
MLUSCUIOIGES Fo oo nose nse ieanae cee 82 cinera;rupicolas: tes -e-ecee ees see 138 
MUSCUIUS/ Zee c-cckesasoscectesscteee 12, 27, 33, Gesorvorumiss {sees eae eeeecee 138 
35, 37, 82, 89, 122, 177, 192, 196, 206, 221 floridana baileyi.......... eee 138 
QIDUS Beste eiscciee here = scene 82 mexicana fallax..:--:..-..-2.22 82, 83, 138 
MA VELLS cis cee acereerasincte ec ee oietelniece oaies 204 | neotoma, Nematodirus.............-- 132, 136-188 
MOLVEPICUS. ease ee cee ee ast cee 17 |\*nigeriae; Prachypharynx2225:--csceeseceeeie 110 
Mee TAUCUS ey oe eocca ne Se sen ee een sonemacs L7;, |\aniericollis#bepuss.-e ees cosas -ceesecceeeeee 129 
27, 35, 37, 47, 82, 190, 196, 206, 207, 216, 221 | nitedula, Dyromys.........-.-------------- . 170 
SUPOTAIUS scsi ercistete as cate oh ctate ate ciae aah 206 IMWVORUS so ste meee sesc essence cece 170 
SPOCIOS zeneastwecceceeese cee Oster ee 220:223 "|| nitella, Myoxushossscesc costae sceeee 33, 36, 154 
SUV OL a sece osccc coeds teeesscreenececnes 187/| nivalis, Microtuss-acc-cescese cose sece etn 204 
SYLVAVICUS 2-2 - sec cctscse se cceetee stasis 27, | nodosus, Trichocephalus...........-...------- 26 
33, 36, 82, 86, 89, 152, 154, 159, 170, 206 | norvegicus, Epimys..................---..-- sos 
MPANGAG we sate Sona sss sare cee eee 27,82, 217 12, 17, 32, 35, 38, 47, 48, 145, 155, 196, 206 
MuUscae  -EabroOnema.—- 2%. .-c- cece cee cere eee 224 MAIS s.".). oa toeckivee ee seome ees 17 
Muscardinus avellanarius...........-.- ace ee 170 | numidica, Protospirura........--..-.------ 203, 225 
muscardinus: MyoxuS. 22. <....2.c- see ccs ee 170 | nuttalli pinetis, Sylvilagus..............-..- 102 
MIMLSCULLE SE LOTIO ote aia'-r-fa = =n ses oats meine leila ars 190 | Nyetomys'speelese= << cease nena aerere 188, 189 
Gongylonema.. coco cee oscese oe 191-192") ‘obesa, \Oxyurisss.csecceeeeee se ee oe 66, 80-81 
musciloides; Mus s:..2.25 0.02 .scecct canes te 82" | obbusa cA scarisss. sce sacar ccsmaceeces ssembeere 204 
MNISCUlUS al DUS MUS(sU oe cet cee eee ees eni 82 ALANIS Frere soe ales roe c ace 204 
IMRUISS = oa crs.c.ccenccees setcen Selle Sees a 12, 27, Spin Plena seer er eee ear <a eSeeiere 204 
33, 35, 37, 82, 89, 122, 177, 192, 196, 206, 221 | ovvelata, Ascaris... .-..222...22.. 2-2. - cen ee ees 81 
mustela barbata, Filaria.......-..-aje-------- 180 PSA ea eee ee Pe canoes 81 
mustelae barbarae, Filaria.............-.-..-- 180 Oxyuris.. 66, 67, 81-83, 86, 87, 89, 90, 97, 98 
JONMEMEMGNG «op acccee ss ce recsseee 180 SY DNOC inane ema see eerste eee 81, 225 








INDEX. 255 

Page. Page. 

OCTAS (aa HOliSacscieecinclesca se sieinneeecceree 2250 | paca, COCLOPONYS.00-2<6.cccecceeceatacss-eeen 145 
OMMANINGE . 5 oes 3:62: saje's eisicieye, cers -:5 ois. 5/8) Ss 162,177 Cumiculissc. 5. oe. ose eees sancee eo ae ster 53, 145 
Ollulantiss. 222-5 ccke cc cses.ceccs ccwescgses 14,224 |) pachyura, Isothrix.....2..-2.sssitces-2sasccne 109 
API CUSPIS: so ccee- soca ec sees: 177-178 | pachyurus, Thrichomys............-...-....- 109 

Ondatra ZibethiCa 222 22.0... ssccescec 27341298) pallaryl, OXyUCIS: 22.0 oc ce san noes cies 66, 67, 95-98 
Onychomys leucogaster..........-..-------- 827) ‘papillosa; Capillaria_-2 -<--2-ceccecccee nesses 33,37 
OPACAMENICHULIS <ecccces.cs-cacessesease 21, 27-28 | papillosum, Calodiwm.......--..-----+-+-+--+--- 37 
operarius, Eutamias amoenus.........------ 60 Trichosomum.....----2--0----- iu 
OUT OSLOTT Dee eae oeicicsic aie sear 64,168 | papillosus, Strongyloides................-...- 7-9 
CHUSEMUUT Sain oo owe wie choses cmees 169 | paradoxus, Metastrongylus........-......-.. 150 
ODROSLOTU TM sae aw seicceaie essa cceca nes 62,64, 168,175 | Paraspidoderas 23... <.c0c6d22s2cieciemaeasicese 44,49 
amphiacanthum........-.------- 175 WNCINALA. 5. . sicincscacsceae 49-51, 54 

CHISULLUT pu ete, eee ea eee TOO: | MPassalurustanscenesssesses ce eeeee en a leste ate 70, 225 

IMU CrONAGUIM = «nace ees sese soos 64 QMNDIGUUS. sodtaae occ cennl- eee een 68, 225 

COCOONS Ge a2 = aceon cee =e 62) DEROTONS. Milthid sn see seems eter ese ecee ene ees 180 

ONIONtaLS Blatideeasscecee ace s-e = semcceenas 202 | Periplaneta americana ............-----.-- 195, 202 
Periplaneta :cen<ccceesssscces cece 195 orientalis’. -.jcsi2ceeessneeeeeees= 195 
Oryctolagus Cumiculusss.2-j.cccesa-sc22==0-'s 8; | Peromyscus Nasutus...... soc cc cis satsaciaaisiacions 82 
12, 25, 70, 126, 140, 148, 165, 167,196 | Physaloptera.............--..-.-- 168, 199, 212-215, 
Otomysirroratus:.-<....% -ss.—<62 eoernees 111, 147 214, 215, 216, 217, 218 
Tropical iSsaeseaessee-- == 111, 147 abbreviate s.<...cec.ses25 213, 214-215 

ovis (pulmonale), Nematoideum.......-.--.-- 166 QUOT EYE. wees sete se eese 214, 215 
’ pulmonalis, Pseudalius...........------- 166 circularisseccee.cca-. seeee 212, 215-216 
SUTONGYUSS se lous.-- ees esice 166 CHU. seca eseseeeeeee saeee 212,213 

Te CROCEDIECLU Se ts ana ase Saeco eae = 28 CIAUSA. oo. swacdceoch ons - seeeee 212 
PEPIOWUPI Sse ae ee uateae en -oeseGeer 20, 24,28-30 muris-braziliensis... 212, 213-214, 216 
OMT AIES Seen een ee ee eis os ait aoe a Sees 65 ruwenzorii....... eee 212,216-217 
OxyMyCterus NASUCUS..- 2. = cc seece ccs emeeee 82 SCIUBI oo co hroces ae ese 212,217-218 
MUMGSeecrocctase ee csceenee sss == 176 SPITula cree sae sess oae teens 212,213 

UU TLON De ee reese shecfelato laiaiainrara(sctee = <ie=) 3 si 02,60 || PRYSALOPeriNe:..<\. cae semece sy onses=ccnemoeee 199 
POU eLieeen anise sits rates Se a ose diese 64 | Ph ysocephalus: 2c-/ secs... oaeeseeree ce 218-219, 220 

TOGLUM aoe science coe se sem assesses (02760 mediospiralis.............. 219-220 

OR YVSOM As ee ceeanns ese semana sels esecte ses 106 sexalatus..<.2 22... -2ea.decen 219, 220 
OLY Ds A SCOTS emo eina = cea ade tise ease aaa 81 | physodes, Hesperomys...........---..------- 27, 82 
QUXOMINIAS eee cine. coc ais clsjee wel aig seni ee iss 225 Holochilus2222e22-.2-eeseassecease 27,82 
Oy UMLOAC seer eek aad soe see eens eS eseec eee 39; 65 | pigmentata, Ascaris..........---2-i-2-22 40, 41-42 
ORVUTIN AOS. Saisie scare sss aomseicosena cass 65,99 | pigmentatus, Strongylus........--.-.2-+..2-0- 128 
OGY AIT IS reper sas oe etait aie ato eira alesse eee 60, 65-66, Trichostrongylus .......- 124, 128-129 
67, 68, 70, 72, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 83, | pinetis, Sylvilagus nuttalli................--. 102 

84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 94, 95, 98, 221, 225 | pistillaris, Filaria..............-.-..-- 180, 188, 185 

ACULISSIMNG. 22. ft: ects See ne 66, 67,95 | Pitymys subterraneus........-.---.----- 2,152, 154 
AMPIPUAs sens ose cscs eeee.s 66, 67, 68-70,72 | plagiostoma, Rictularia............--..--+-- 171,172 

OQUE se: cok Se dees voce essceceece 65, 94, 225 | plimmeri, Microfilaria.........-...---- 188, 189-190 
CUIGINIGIL oc corsa duce a ordan Senses 70} polygyra, Viannaia..........-.<s.28¢. 153, 158-160 

OVONIA 22 c0fe- sacs eso oes 66, 67, 70-74, 84 | polygyrum, Heligmosomum........--.-------- 159 
ULDEWU I a c.c1as\2 sstewiestsla a ee a ialetel nwa 77 | polygyrus, Mcetastrongylus.......-.----------- 158 

Pea SOM WIN 2525 sraeieis store's Deseo 66, 77-79 Strongylus... 150, 153, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162 

WAMATA So amc aoe ise eee actaneey 66, 79-80 | polyoon, Oxyuris.......-...------- 66, 67, 98-99, 105 

MU Perse cc ec cee cee ecee 66, 67, 74-37, 98 | porcellus, Cavia............-------------- 12, 50, 196 

ODESO os wiseec saeco setssceese tes 66, 80-81 | prehensilis, Cercolabes...............-------- 184 
obvelata.. 66, 67, 81-85, 86, 87, 89, 90,97, 98 @oendoyac.c52242 eee eee sete 184 

Dallatyilecees sae week Se ee 66, 67, 95-98 Fey Strix: cosscensaonsae eee 184 

POLYOON 2:22) <,0.«, 5 10/ci0'2 == 665/67; 938-995, 1051)" Procavid DIUCEL = 25.062 -.cnei cae eae eee ae 122 

DUO ese eeta ee arcane =< 66, 85 CAPCNSIS! <2 22.008 ssncseheaseeeee 43, 213 

SGI ers rel asieeaeiieetiise se enissiaes ame 66, 84 SYMIACQss:52- daceceeedeves 43, 66, 78, 83, 213 
SEMUONCEOLILE e522 cis -)a/s5 = as, -fale'= s.io 86r || pron RiChWAl as s.c0sessa-<tcessees sce 169, 225 
SUOSSICHI 85.3. - cnc secs hee eees 66, 67, 84-85 | Protospirura..........-.- 40, 42, 191, 199,208, 204, 207 

Stroma cose oacece 66, 67, 83, 85-86, 97, 98 ascaroidea .......... 203, 207-211, 225 
tetraptera.........-. 66, 67, 82, 83, 86-90, 221 labiodentata............ 203-204, 225 
triradiata 2.2.2.2... 66, 67, 71, 90-94, 225 UNIS! Se nse ia oi 203, 204-207, 210, 225 

METI PU Se oc. s cele msie So cn/ aa 2 66, 67, 94-95 MUMIGICR). 25-32 Sscseccs dente 203, 225 
WORMICWATIS... cis cse cleclarna~ esas 225 | Pseudalius ovis pulmonalis.....-.....-.+--+--+++ 166 
VIVIDSID: cia esd dtos ets sa stetecess 39,65 | Pseudo-rhabditis..........-- weeeeeies Aas eaeae os 6 

ORS eee ese eae ee eek ocwassces G5 LET GOUENMALILES ara aa 55 ween e.civeiniecisss oscars 168 
QINOIG UO Me cleo, Saisin = ae = sl seen oat 68 | pugio, Oxyuris........ Deiie smcin chins seen sata 66, 83 

Maca wAOUti. eco asccescee cnn. os teehtnec. 53 | pulchellus, Arvicanthis .......--..---. seein WAT 
CAVA cocci ce sania tees. jeosasiecinacseer 145 | pulmonalis, Capillaria.......-.-+--10-0-220e 163 


256 INDEX. 

Page Page. 

pulmonalis, Filaria....-..-..-----+-- Secenaee 1635 |" Selerostema=e2 2st ce setae oa sees eeeeeneneee 109 
Synthetocaulus-............- 163-166 | Sclerostoma.........-.-.--.-- See aeescanaccsec 108 
quadrialata, Spiroptera...............-- 9052201221 |) Sclerostomwm: == sce ~ cam ciel-lelele's's «inl ese ate 108, 109 
Quadnisping , WilariC.s2<ioaie weno asain aictewain a 180, 181 COPULTWMtereaicizoaeclewietcielcteieielaie 115 
quadrivittati, Warrenius................. 143-144 t80LTICNISEcinaee onan oe \eesscess 108 
quadrivittatus, Eutamias..............-... 144)1:753, | “Sclorostomisnte. -sreetssone eae se wien 108 
quercinus, Eliomys......-..----+-05 eaeis 33, 36,154 | sedecimradiatus, Strongylus........-. 144, 145-146 
IRABSOMEAO soccer acco te ocsete eee 107,115,116 | sedecinradiatus, Strongylus.........-.-+---+-+ 145 
ransomia, Capillariasss.5.<.ssseseesseeene cle 33,34 | semilanceolata, Oxyuris.......--..-------2-02 86 
IANSOMUS se saceco tate Heese cet oe coneee eae 115; 0NG?) Setariasecace.ecces cece So eee ees 184, 188 
rodentorum..... Bisse eimeiteemne 116-120 | setosus, Xerus.......... ciecalseeiad slateeilee mere 99, 105 

ratti, Spiroptera.......-.. wing et seleteme ere icate 220), 2215 | SeuratinaesaJ5-scelees cies EN eile 44, 62 
TAtiUS sy WPLNY Ss oa atrese cas srati< class stercin ces eal 25% |) SS OUUr eG EN a erect erate teins ayaiel 39, 44, 62 
27, 35, 37, 47, 82, 190, 196, 206, 207, 216, 221 tacapemset 22a ieee sacies ae 62-65 

MUS So Sac ote conse eas calncreoeeoseceinctels 17;, |sexalatus; Physocephalus:--*22-4-0 =. 2-22 219, 220 

. 27, 35, 37, 47, 82, 190, 196, 206, 207, 216, 221 | simplex, Strongylus............---------++ 144,145 
rectumUOxyNeMar- =o sscew cece eco e seas 52,60 | simpsoni, Acheilostoma.............--.--- 113-114 
retortacformis major, Strongylus....---------- 163+") Siporanus, Ee: pimys- 2-2-2 2 eee ence cere 206 
Stronpylusie ess -jscerisett-eee 125, 139 MMS 25ee se sede sceeaccse= seems 206 
Trichostrongylus 124, 125-126, 128,129 | spathiger, Nematodirus..........-..-- 132, 133-135 
Rbabdissidaessecj-s0ssosscseeoee Sees ee 6 Strongylussaceoacnece sci aseee eee 133 
Rhabditisimonhystera: J. 22-\-12 2222-3 157 | species; Ascaris.<...£222 522.22 Fila cebe haeeniee 40 
RRAAONEMMLONGUS =< sess se terse ese eas 7 Chabertign..2cck teeter oe ce ose eee 116, 119 
Rictularia.... 168-169, 170, 171, 173, 175, 176, 177, 225 BYpiMySice= sce soe eae Ne eee 202,224 
amphiacanthwim..<--stseeicee ees os 175 Milarta soso jo oe eee 180,188, 190 
coloradensis ........... 169, 173-175, 225 Gongylonema-:.2-.--ec-en ole 191, 198-199 

CHISUBL Asean Bee/isrelclce sere ee onto 169-170 Hesperomiys::2< 2s ee seeesee es cee 183 

OL VIRAO Me ieee ase eesieee 169, 170-171 LOPS soo inleet esas sateen ele 70 

fallax see ete ocasetsa's Nese 169, 171-172 Microfilariasc:sssccsoee eee 188, 190 
PIOGISLOM Gi saia- ccs Seis <'-anieiaciaioe TL 2 Mas ei se de a Bee een ete 220, 223 

PLONISss sseiceisseiectinciee ce one eee 169, 225 INCMALOCITUS 3. 2coe ese re ees 136 
Michwlaninaes...-0s2 sere see ses 162,168, 175 Ny ctomiys.2o322ttcneceeseeae sees 188, 189 
Richwlarioides. ac. scsciewcs acca ee seve cele 168,175 Sciurtis.224228 Sees o-oo 53 
amphiacanthum Sa dkiGeeeeee 175-177 Spiroptena== sess 24- 193, 220, 223, 223-224 

UICULOTIN Gor cars as eens sam atactiee tenses seis 168 Strongyloides:.2.-.-c- tees seesinses 9 
rodentorum),Ransomus.,.......22/- 4-0 116-120 Strongyluss.2osecesccccec 108, 109, 144,145 
rosenaui, Microfilaria...............-.-..- 188-189 TMENEDLIO's seies-teiole— as teal iaiat atetemierer= 206 
PUpIGUS MAN VICOla-. <5 co see sees aeielnece Dowie 82 TACHUTISE Oe ete eee see e eee 21 
Hefa oncheress. esse. seeseeeeaesacecoceee 184 | Spermophilus citellus...........-----+--++++- 82 
BUPESCENS MOLTONGY US aa)eciemisisie = «/<iejcfa ee ysieiz sie'sic 166 Cliilltis’ 522 Su ase nea a seas 25 
Synthetocaulus......-.. 163, 165, 166-167 | spinosus, Euryzygomatomys.......-..------ 184 

TUALEHIS | OTEMOMYS. -.. 35a tis Scimee cess 171 IMeSOMYSs:si cscs esos nee cere 184 
SCHIBUS -rotes tee lal=aintemrote sara taic lesen MT SET QS AE TICRUNG «ote. eters eteiel aol sloemieteretetare 10 

rufus, Euryzygomatomys............-.--..- 184 Trichinellazc-w2<<-c- soe oe 4,10-12, 224 
ORV My ClOLUSmjjes oie cleiow om else epee these 176 | spirogyrus, Strongylus.......--.-----+---+--+ 158, 160 
rupicola, Neotoma cinerea.........-.-.--.--- 138 | Spiroptera....- 148, 187, 191, 199, 203, 213, 220, 221, 223 
rutilis, Evotomys....-.-- Peisissja ce eencebrs teiscic 82 bilabigiai ac tik cone docsters 213 
WGOHIMUS > =< 21's" 2's adie oeotinecce 82 OFAUNS Soe owas ase e eR estes eee 204, 207 
ruwenzorii, Physaloptera........-..-. 212, 216-217 CORE GGULI = 3 sacs ote eee 219 
TYLUDLCUN ES, LALO U0 wioioin'oi=in)=1= aiaialesetetniaeiomtes eters 200 Chrtsopterdss- cca eee eee eee 219, 220 
TULUDLEUT ALES EP ALOT UG wee a. cosnin a sials ta emails 199, 202 Cite race hoe eeeee eres 213 
SACItTA UI DUSecinsceseciscciseaseeeteesnesce 89 hystrichis=<:<p2.--c-e- see 220, 222-223 
MV SCUMIS Ee ciseee ice see sins beeine ace eo 89 labiodentattena--2---he-eee aestoes 203 
Scapiceps, hilania.c> 15. sets's;<iojsicaaeie 180, 185-187 Leponumnss. eeace cece euke Gee 148 
Scarturus'tetradactylus....:.-.....2ccieses- 220, 223 MeCCLOS PINGS < -.o- eae e es eee 219, 220 
schmidti, Capillaria.........-. dsecceaeeee 33,37-38 MNUUTECOL Gs one women eee me oe ee ae 187 
SCHMIA PL TICNOSOMM (1. 2.2» < <\ajs. 21 o\njeinie oie slave 37 MEODUISUUCO aes ae sss 193 
SOLU ALON Noles aa te sina = = sawac ean sea 183, 184 OOEUSG FE oS cnrncieet ae 204 
ORR MUITIS. «cic Se Sievwiciaito oe eee erotic ais 66, 84 qQuadrialata’.. = 22-2 oecee 90, 220, 221 
Physaloptera........-. Be ae oe 212, 217-218 rattling sce us. ae cine ee 220,221 
Sclumis/abertiimimus.<- 2. <..2ceedee snes cies c 131 IBPECIES 3). cicee ners 193, 220, 223, 228-224 
MLTOGOLSS}IS. sae. sence tenis ere olan 84 SETUIMNOBO eee ce hes ota eee tare 199 
CAMICOPS Saja ciate earls einie ni eterna nie 184 tapiri-americani........+-+-------- 219 
APMIVeN tS ee ase a= ona ae eee 183 | spirula, Physaloptera...-....-.------------ 212, 2138 - 
MUIANOLASLED =o a< sos ese - ene eee L(292183)|| Spirurale.c=seesc- seas sees wows 190, 199, 200 

MO PARIS sve eee ele eee eet ec 171 tal paebesec = eeeee ae eee ie 199-208 

Species cscescee- assess eeeee erase DSi) || Spinuratits. --aece arsenate ese eee 190 

VON RAlIS seme eens fess see cael .--. 67,95 | Spiruridae........ 190, 191, 199, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223 


INDEX. 257 

Page. Page. 

SDIMIFINAG as icvo2<esecsaseececeoss 190, 199, 203,212 | Subulura boueti.......................0- 52, 54-56 
ISU TOWLE a sc 2c forctae ei aieinlete s:2isineiimctaaiae 190 UNCINGUS. oss ceicioaseistess cs 52, 53-54, 56 
Spumosa, Heberakiss <i. 26a Game se 45-49, 59 | Subulurinae....................... 44, 51-52, 56, 60 
DSLCONGY UES <a cette worse s'e'sieisis)a iaiaiaiace ee cee ses LOSit| SSUES Yosece Omen cea tee oes cenes sea aaee eee eee 219 
stercoralis, Strongyloides. ........---ssce-0s ig |\ostirilers HE pilyssacs- a2 -eeeee a5 se eee eee 187 
ISCOMOCHIAG 22.22 av sjaisteis'sis'cis-saeelnessncesoee ss 49 MUS See eseeeereneeee Seer 187 
Stossichi, Ox yUNS. <2. 32. -.s0c5 252s ee 66, 67, 84-85 | sylvaticus, Apodemus......................- 27, 
strigosum, Graphidium............... 126, 189-141 33, 36, 82, 86, 89, 152, 154, 159, 170, 206 
SUM OOSUS  SETONQUIUS 10.5 ass asic cece ws acmeenis 139 JUCDUSeeeeas Soe eee eee 128, 186 
DSETUNGULOLAL ES ejecta eerie 2 od dc. lv re aisie'se oe 106 MUS ococisc/st swiss scent coe Sees 27 
stroma, Oxyuris........--.-- 66, 67, §3, 85-86, 97, 98 33, 36, 82, 86, 89, 152, 154, 159, 170, 206 
ISEMOTIGTLOULES Seino vialeiete at-1 Sts waiters Gisslocmmer ele 6 | Sylvilagus auduboni baileyi................. 102 
SUONgUUS: <2. 2.223. sdewsae Hees ness salesasa'era 108 brasiliensis. 3.2.0.5. s0ssesece Soop al02 
Strongyleae.........---..---- 107-108, 109,111, 119 floridanus...........-. eee ee eee 25 
PEON SVINGAG 55 oa cee oda sie secre dcemnicie'o= ci 106,107 Blacers 22k 8332 saeee 186, 187 
SSO CTA ee Re ee 106 mallurus....... 25, 70,128, 186 
strongylina, Arduenna...............--.----- 220 nuttalli pinetis...............-..-- 102 
Strongylinae.............. 107, 112,114, 115,119,122 | Synthetocaulus.........................-- 163, 166 
Strongyloidea.......... 6, 106-107, 112, 123, 162, 223 commutatus.....-.-.---- ee Ge 
RS GEOMPyLOIG Cease a eh wcle: cclsie s ietsie s(stsleiais = 6-7 pulmonalis............-.- 163-166 
INGESUMMALIS! & <n1s sels cstajs.sie'ss'0 sre.e 7 rufescens........ 163, 165, 166-167 

LONGUS ec cose aac css sisi UNS SYUDRGCG 22 een cee eae ee eee 65, 83, 225 

PAVIMOSUS a ee ios ae is oeereine 7-9 OBVGLAie esac sss ecen ek ee 81,225 

SPECIES =o a- oe cco se emennn= 9 | syriaca, Procavia................-- 43, 66, 78, 83, 213 
stercoralis.....-.---------+---- 7 | syriacus, Hyrax.<......ss0..-ss+-. 43, 66, 78, 83, 213 
Btroneylus).2-...2-.282s2se205%% 3,77, 107,108, 109, | tacapense, Ophiostomum.............-------- 62 
119, 124, 139, 145, 148, 149, 158, 163, 223 Seura tunis... -asccceseen eee 62-65 

DELS aia co ate ale setiate= aif S ~a) Se= = TSO) Msenignnande-ssececceceeesriec soe en ceae eee 145 
brachylalmMUusy.. co ecnce sa s-s2 = 121-122 | Tapla europaea....................22-..2---- 152 

Cavelline. 2225 co hc.2acn tees 144, 146-147 | talpae, Ascaris..........000.000c0-sc0-sessene 199 

CONDE ENG ace n= acic cassis acennee 115 Spite ssneesctensscceseccenst echoes 199-203 
COMMMULALWS oo s = aoe cose seen 163 | tapiri-americani, Spiroptera............------ 219 

COSLEUULUS og itoctoxc as S-6= se 149)150,159. | Tapirusiamericanus. «2... 5s.2 jcc]. <a 219 

CQUINUS 3242022 eee ccae oc tosemesse TOR" |) “Denebrio MOMLOE ssn oss .5 0. season eee 195 

PEUICOLL Store toy peas See eat ies 133 SDOCIOS 3. 5 fotos jest see eee 206 

QUOCIIS 2.2 Reeeneh een eae w ices eel 153 | tentaculatus, Ascaris......2.200020202s20000-5 43,44 

NYSUTICNISS oa nek Sas es coe ae an 222 Crossophorus............-.-. 42, 43-44 

ASO UICHIS = acco oases lee 108-109 | tenuissimum, Trichosoma........-..- Sooee ee 31 

LOLCUIS ress era area ea 153, 159 PrichOsOmum 2 2s2s222 222 sees 31 

MQVTLTIMIE tere.c.0 ne ose yee 121,122-128 | terminalis, Filaria.............------..------ 163 

JG@POTUIN 2. eq adoeses eee sse 144,148 | tetradactylus, Dipus................-..---- 220, 223 
MNUMVULISSIMNUS =< cacnpanaaanenccesns 166 SCarhuruss 525 sc<csec senses se 220, 223 

AMUN COMES vo) o stores T4451 49-148 || tetrapterd, -Ascorisc.--<- ome cnccscmenseesnae 86 

TATU US ie od «oa. atate'sccislelciecia stem 'si0' 151 Oxyuris--..... 66, 67, 82, 83, 86-90, 221 

WNY OLY <2 kia misie Semrersinctneeats sesiseies 1530] Lhomomiys fOssOtsss---a-2< seine ees 23,118, 157 

OVIS DULMONGUS.... 6.002 .ccses0ses 166 | Thrichomys apereoides...............-.---- 27,109 
DIGMENLMLUS =. caer cs nce sesecs see 128 pachyurus...22----.5----5-ee 109 
polygyrus... 150, 153,158, 159, 160,161,162 | timidus, Lepus....... 12, 25, 70, 126, 140, 148, 165, 187 
FELOTLME{OTMIS......- = <sss00s0s5- 1255139"| “rach y phanyix sce osseee es oe eee 108, 109-110 

; (MEJOR. 2 a<'sctentete ae = 163 MIGOTIAC.2 scc.c ee eee ee 110 

TUSESCENS .. 2222-220 2-2 eee eee ee ee EGO"), UPrichina Ok Ody it = seen ane sa e= = eee ee 223 
sedecimradiatus .......--- 144, 145-146 circumflerd.........22222222eeeeeeee 10 
sedecinradiatus Bysiele ele ele oi atalahsteiatata 145 Spiralis.... 2222. ece cece eee ee eee eee 10 

Seen wecesescececeseeceeecess 144, ere Trichinella.........-.2-2ceceeeceeeeeeeeee 9,10,178 

Pe eee, {Oe dO) Uae balk ea eee ade! 

SPHFOQYTUS -..-..0..0-.c02ee0e0-- 158, 160 Trichinellidae Bests Site ee eee 9,10, 12,19 

SETIGOSUS 26 ~ conc sainic cs 2c s'seesiess 139 | Tr ichinellinae aati ats aie aoe las ae =e 9,10 

strumosa, Ascaris ......-....2.220-eeeeeeeeee 199 Trichinelloidea . Ce RGIS Sa OCR Cie 5,9 
Pirie ee 200 trichiura, TICHUTIS 3 .cocncs. oreeese cleaneees 20: 
Bpiripteri = skeeeee cave ed 199 | Trichocephalos.............---.--+++++++++-+- 20 
subcutanea, Filaria.......... 180, 181, 182-188, 190 | Trichocephalus.........-..-----+-+--2-+--2++- 12, 20 
subterraneus, Arvicola..........-..----- 82,152,154 Offinis.....-....---+--+-+++++- 28 
PifyIly ssc ae-- 2-8 -6e 82,152,154 CaStOLISS 22 gence eer see ee 20,21 

BibT ames. sce ee ee aie's cine cescieteta's os 51, 52, 53, 54 CONLOTLUS oe eee cee ee seneeeee 21 
ACUUISSIING Soe ec iec cu sice.cn,cle siiniaiene 52 CTOSSICOUUG seccccecc\cese cee 13 

ANG ErSONI ese ose he hans 2 see See 52-538 QTOCHIS secu coc seenes teen acces 23 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——17 


258 INDEX. 
Page Page. 
Trichocephalus hepaticus...........--------- S1']| Adirichuris enecies: coascmoe cece cee e ee eee 21 
infundibulus.....-2222---.--2 23 trichiura 55s 222522226 ese eee ee 20 
Leporis ean ace 25 et Qa Pricocephalos's ca. 2 52 -oeeeee = ase eee ee 20 
MUT IS Sac 5s dese eee 26: ||) (Lricostnongylidaes 252-2 oe eee ae eee eee 123 
MOG0SUS.. 2 - eee hc ee 26: \|' DPricostrongylus ooo nen esse peanease seer eee 124 
QUIS SE eee oo eee eee 28 | tricuspis, Ollulanus’.22) -o--- ee  e 177-178 
unguiculatus....0...20..---2- 24 | triradiata, Oxyuris..........-. 66, 67, 71, 90-94, 225 
Ta tchod ego seagate et duh We shee Dh 8s os 12,18 | tropicalis, Otomys irroratus..............- 111, 147 
CHUSSICUUG 8 = os ie ec eb elee ae 13 | Wropidocerca Losey ee iy Sen Ln ee meee 76 
TFiCROSO MOP Bee emo se aut Siete hes © 12,33;37 || Drypanosoma lewisit:-2.52--2 2.52. sseeeeee 190 
ONULOSU TIS Fe OP keke 35 | tumida, Capillaria! #5)5 822 S252 eee 33 
brevicolle:cocs.tee sees clins 33, | Uganidae; Hpimys.: oie oes oer eee 27, 82, 217 
ChOBSICOUND oo nom casceiels eisstenss si 13 MUS sccnscesceece costes soeeeee 27,82, 217 
ReNCCUN wewaciscmiebe assesses oc BL WW NOmeiariot s. cies Soke bk cpicecise scene eee cee 111 
muris decumani.......-..----- 13,18;35 || Uneinaria). 223222 .cpesssssccee sce eee 108, 111, 119 
MUPIS-MUSCUl seo =)--.orsis<ices = =e 33,37 crintformiss, 23.2522 sicss2- eee seer lil 
MUTIS-SylVaticl Mesos. haceeteee ae 33,36 MUPIGIS® 2 jo sacseeu hese ee 111-112 
SCRINIAE 2 cokinetck seas eeeree 37, ||\unetnatasd scaris te jaeceos «is 2 =e ee eee 49, 53 
LENUTSSTNUUNE < 2.210'sis's sicsjnre wots vse > By FICE GNIS OR 522 ooo oe aie “eee 49, 50, 53 
MrichoOsomold eSzacies see ceieyses eee cose 12,13, 18 Paraspidodera. .)..222...seeeee 49-51, 54 
crassicauda........... 12, 13-19,221 Subulurat. 28. .35.2eeoeeee 52, 538-54, 56 
MrIichoOsOMOIGINAG - (= (25-2 ee seeeeeisesssene 912 | Uneinnaria.. isos: 2522224. corde eeeeen eens 111 
PETACHOSOTNALTIU Sass elon ce ee nea eee eons 33 | unguiculatus, Trichocephalus...........------ 24 
ONNLOSWM, .- «c= -<c/aanedsses ons 350) WNgwla; Oxyunis.ce.ccoseeeee ce eee eee 66, 67, 94-95 
CACHAN aces Saeaae sees eee eee 34: | (Onicinaniges: oclceeacsece< eee eee eee eee 111 
ChASSICOUNG. < s/eaeccateee seca. 13°) “variabilis; bepus\)s6o.cessecseeeeceeeeeaere 25 
LOM 2s ee SS eae 33;37.'| veligena, “A SCOrise oo ac own cichoseewcetemeeee 99 
LEDOTIS 2 os Sccaesaas «denis seers 163 DerMatoRySirs once sce ese sees ae 99-102 
(pulmonale)..........-- 163: ||, venmicularis, Fusanella: c. secs ee ee eeee 225 
myoxi-nitelae............. 33,36-37 BMAUris; ASCOTIS) «ane seer eee 81 
MADIULOSUM a= oe sa secccesestece - 7 | ‘verrucosa, Heteralds. <= -S.s2taesseseees 105-106 
LENUISSIMUM wine's 225202 - 2025855 31 | verrucosum, Gongylonema. ................-. 19 
‘Trichostrongylidse:-.25.2.2s2-ssesce ce 106,128,148 | vesicularis, Heterakis........................ 45, 48 
Mrichostrongylinge «5225. s<2-<1 = se sietse ee 123, | vexillatum, Heligmosomum...... 150, 152, 155-158 
124, 131, 139, 141, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147,148 | viannai, Viannaia...............---....--.-- 158 
Trichostrongylus.. 123, 124-125,126, 127, 128,129,130 | Viannaia...............-........-- 149, 153, 158, 159 
calcaratus:--+--.--- 125, 126-128 Ihydrocheris 225: ose eaeneeee + eee 158 
delicatus==2ss-ssene 125, 180-131 POLY PTA aes scolaire 153, 158-160 
MDOPIUS) \sass esse 124, 129-130 Wieannal octet en. 2 eee ee 158 
pigmentatus........ 124;5128-129 ||) wivipara, ‘OXyUris). <5. nciccameneestees ches 39, 65 
retortaeformis ............. 124, | witlgaris, Cricetus.--..-ccecnesteeaeees ene a 89 
125-126, 128, 129 Scitirus se sc2 cs eee 67,95 
Mrichwringesesasscens-S-scsceacceese 951.95;20;30533°| \WAITOnIUS...../o-..>-05~ 22. seen 123, 142-148 
‘Prichuris?: cost 2. eke. 19, 20-21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28 quadrivittati.s. cc teeeeeeeee 143-144 
CONLOMA 52552 sscecebasccetgeoce see 20;21' || ‘Wweissi, Maupasing sa.22<..<s-.-seeneeceee acess 76 
ROSSOW aes eta curse eae Se 21-93,.24''|, Welcomea)=- a <ccsh-sce-cnlsneoeneees aaseae ee 225 
STACHIS! E22 <5 oteSGS ceo newus 20;28 | Xerusierythropus..2-- 22 <-2.ssee secu ecco 56 
anfundibulus. 2 \....-/</c2os06 20, 23-24, 30 getulus’.25' AU ee ssn 98, 105 
MEPOLIS Sac sree acc ace Sete eee 20, 24-26 SOLOSUS 3 ais, <sioshimsitebeseer ee eee oeee 99, 105 
TTUUITIS Sse risivereigacinete tee cine aieiele 20;26-27 | zibethica, Ondatras.c-..2.....-$2.2.-522 27,34, 129 
ODACE ia cea cows Geese tae tee ee 2127-28.) zibethicus) Fiber.<...s-cssececeeee ceee ee 27, 34, 129 

OVASS a ocscmenseckc es ene se 20, 24,20 
> 


A GENERIC REVISION OF THE AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE 
SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW 
GENERA AND SPECIES. 


ERRATA. 


On p. 12, under Trichosomoides, the comma after 1845 should be a 
semicolon. 

On p. 83, just before Oxryuris pugio, the name O. stronia should 
read O. stroma. 

On p. 137, the legend Figs. 176, 167 should read Figs. 176, 177. 

On p. 140, the ovijector of Fig. 183 should be marked ovj7. and 
not ov. 

On p. 184, Filaria linstow Hall, 1916, new name, should read 
Filaria linstown, as it is in the key, p. 180, and in the index. 

On p. 204, under Protospirura muris, the name Fusaria muris 
(Gmelin) 1790, Zeder, 1803, should read Fusaria muris (Gmelin, 
1790) Zeder, 1503. 

On p. 251, the name evoluta, Oxyuris should be set flush with the 
left-hand margin and not read in connection with the preceding 
name. 


I. 
[Insert facing page 258 of Proceedings, United States National Museum Paper No. 
2131.] 
10600°—15 


Walker's species at the British Museum and Oxford, also of Sir George 
Hampson’s and Warren’s which are not in the collection. Of a few 
of Guenée’s unrecognized species I hope to add drawings later on. 
Altogether 164 genera and 776 species are referred to, not counting 
those which sink in the synonymy. 


Key to the genera. 


Wilt OlttareOlOteer crest oud oe. oe cee ee Be ae te ol Se J ee Pee 1 
ON MBER HG Ar COlGt a 62. ts fou oe Seah i aa RR Eat alex senie Suen 55 
Wathedomblerarcolets: cas. 2.32 SR ee os ee oc ew cok ee 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VoL. 50—No. 2132. 


258 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Trichocephalus hepaticus............+0.+20- Bly Minichurisispeciesse sn 8 a. see se eee eee 21 
infumdibulis: 3.2 sees se ssa 23 trichiura sy. 2osee.eooee esse eee 20 
LEDOTIS ee tie aot enc ame ata D4 WM pICOCEDNALOS i os aiein'e secs ee eile Sere eae es ee 20 
TUT AS OND SIO D6) LDTICOSETONGYIOGEs. 5 toe eee ee Dee ee 123 
MOCOSUS 8 oe donee Mie 26) ||) Lricostrongyluse see oie ae Ieee ee a 124 
OVER ace MY AEN AME GE ca ates 28) | ‘tricuspis,Oligiannus!. 3. en ees 177-178 
UNGUICUlALUS 2. occcecccecon 24 | triradiata, Oxyuris............ 66, 67, 71, 90-94, 225 
Tr ICRODCS aoa er ee ee tee Nae Se bceeec 12,18 | tropicalis, Otomys irroratus..............- 111,147 
CTASSICTUD Sn. See eeN clea 13 4 iropidocercas cst uee.2ac Sec os shee eeeeee eee 76 
MUPIS> Seen mose essen a= 25s 20,26-27 | zibethica, Ondatra................-..--- Zi, 04, 129 
OPACAN es cincaiaeriomecacteaeenintes 2199-98) || zibethicus, Wiber......2c2 .cesees senate 27, 34, 129 

OVASH=. Picosecond 20, 24,20 


A GENERIC REVISION OF THE AMERICAN MOTHS OF THE 
SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW 
GENERA AND SPECIES. 


By Wir11AM ScHAuvs. 


INTRODUCTION. 


No attempt has ever been made to classify the Hypeninae of 
tropical America. As the North American species have been worked 
out by the late Prof. J. B. Smith in Bulletin 48 of the United States 
National Museum, I have not revised them and have merely referred 
to the type-species of each genus; the genera had to be included in 
this paper as many of them contained species from the Neotropical 
region, while others might be represented when the Mexican fauna 
becomes better known. So much confusion has existed in regard to 
this subfamily that it was necessary to identify and key the genera 
in such a way that students would be able to follow a given classifica- 
tion. It has been necessary to use certain secondary sexual characters 
in order to facilitate the recognition of genera and species, but the key 
itself does not always explain the great differences existing in appar- 
ently allied genera. In some few cases the venation varies in the 
same genus, sometimes in the one sex, sometimes between the males 
and females. For the facility of identification 41 new genera are 
described and 150 new species. Reference is made to all the Neo- 
tropical species described as Hypeninae or apparently referable to that 
subfamily. The bulk of the known species are represented in the 
national collection, to which I have added colored drawings of all of 
Walker’s species at the British Museum and Oxford, also of Sir George 
Hampson’s and Warren’s which are not in the collection. Of a few 
of Guenée’s unrecognized species I hope to add drawings later on. 
Altogether 164 genera and 776 species are referred to, not counting 
those which sink in the synonymy. 


Key to the genera. 


DV MGI AECOLO sent tree ne clo tite he ene teed al bin ws hveetiawinidees Se hemes if 
VATE oh Sra (aye cT 2,0) A= a RU 8 ey RS Pe 55 


\WWAtel alo Koybll op reser ar=¥o) (= es ee ean ae ee Pe Ss cara ae ee 127 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEUM, VOL. 50—No, 2132. 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Sede) 


1 Veins 7and: S:stalikced! 201.5 ct sec See ory tes  as ee e e e aeee Scutirodes Schaus 
Veins:§'and 9 stalked <)4c2 221. cjs cece. aoe ste se 8 Seeker cheeses 25 
Veins: 9.and Sho stalkedu coh ee oe ae ate ile a eemeamettas Hypoechana Druce. 
Veins’ 72'S sands9rstalkedin ses a: setsecicm ook coeece see oetecioee aeceeneee eee 4 
Veins'/3'and?l0:stalked> S'absent. 3-4-2 ieee eed eee Fypenodes Guenée. 
Veins'8 9 vandwliOistalked isnt: asic Se ee ee ee ee ea re eee il 
Veins’ 7, tonl0 stalked. 22.2 seisthiews oars each ota See Sa eee ae 34 

Dee WiGLHh Il eam as COMNOSINE WEL 2s, o soc toi. ia ayetas re oot Ditrogoptera Wampson. 
Wiel TW treesccc alo sa oie ool eerects isd aioe nod ele esas ieee oe cage ata eee eee 3 

Be Apex Of LOLeWINGS’ACULEs = soem alc ts ae as sais eine selon = Sin Serato eeae Margiza Schaus. 
ADEXtO! TOrewinod TOUNGEG\. 222 -Ssclc oes ace cin see e ere Melanomma Grote. 

4. Korewings of male with, cleftjon outer mangin.2s). 28-2222 ci eto 5 
Horewings of male :withouticlett so 35:5. 2 2208 cco -o)5 soem oe ace ete 7 

5. Palpi long, reaching middle of thorax ..u Seto ane = Bleptiphora Schaus. 
Palpi net reaching middleof thorax ..1-./..c.se-nces sie: see eee eae 6 

Gs1Costavof maleiwithitutte.< 2 22S ee eee nasi e nee ciate Tortricodes Guenée. 
Costajotimeale; without tutte 52. 2 Shee oss ok ei cerse aoe oe eee Lascoria Walker. 

(eaves Quandt stalicedce.s sas seule isos =. cde see eee ees Proriwula Guenée. 
RVieinehIsinoe 4 tris Be OCAISE RO eee SS eee ene en Oe ee en ee ene 8 

Ste alpipupeurvedse ssa Mere taster lee sorte eles reset eee ore ee eee 9 
Patpiobliquely ascending }...< 2: Js. 22s eee 2-5 Ste meee 12 
Pali pormectie 2. 42 22 2 e's je aleyeaial al aiie'ais,o8 seme Soe ee see ees 14 

9. Palpi half the length of the wing. Uso dad wesat «+ ean dy phy peng Wwatren= 
Palpi less than half the length of ae oe Sch d aaa ce hens Sey ne Re Rea 10 

102'Third jomt or palpi with smail-tuite. 5-222 t .2e-e oe ese =e Apustis Schaus. 
Third joint of palpi turned back, with long hairs.............-- Girtesma Schaus, 
Third jount.of palpi smooth: <1 :2 2004: ee ain sts ee gee ea a 
11. Outer margin of forewings deeply outcurved.......------------ Maronia Schaus. 
Outer margin of forewings slightly sinuous....--..--------- Trachysmatis Schaus. 
Peal py lOnpg dns ccae< ss: Se ptabetciotic, = oi e/a wales am ae Siete aiarc eres Compsenia Schaus. 
SU ICSHIOFE see oes ata ale rasa oles Cc Sie ne alate petals ta aie ta teem alae verre ae 13 
13. Apex of forewings not produced.............-..-.-.-..---.-.----Rivula Guenée. 
Apex of Lore wines produced. sericea 4e-— = “ee sete ase ee Rhazunda Walker. 
ee LON Se Seer cain la teciaiin coe ele else ete Sete eee Macristis Schaus. 
Pala ShOt bas 2 = cscee eco artery oon biale Neier eae eas ri Euchromalia Schaus. 
15. Inner margin of forewing with tuft beyond middle.............--2 Arrade Walker. 
Inner marpin'of forewing without butts. 55222 5208 s055 2 ere eee 16 
16s cAntennae ot male! with taitt).3 20. ec esc Bk ee ee ee 17 
A mitemmae pectIMates / 252 sec se ese eects cals oe aloe hee oan eee 23 
Atennae CHINE oof coin Towra Se oh otins seein = be ee wines see Se ae eee 24 
17, Forewangs.with cleft on.outer margin =. . cece eee ie See 18 
Porewings without cleit om outer margin. 0- casera. <i ete ele e = oe eee 19 
1S iit of antennae! toward DASe.- o2- =. sac-0 <6 cee eas ewe aenee Paracroma Dognin. 
Tutt ohantennae towardwtipl. 212 ie sence ee ee eee eee Otaces Druce. 
19. A fold of upturned hairs on costa below........----------------Alogonia Schaus. 
A fold of downturned hairs on costa above.........-.---------e-e0e+e---s 20 
Under side of forewings with raised scales or tuft...........------------- 21 
Under side without'raised scales ontuftas 2: i226. 2 oe 5.2 see eee ea 22 
20. A ridge of upturned hairs on median vein above........-..----Diplodira Schaus. 
Nomdge of hairs’on-median-. 2522 ei ts ene cm see eee Theotinus Druce. 
DIM Pe MIN SILOM Gs cris. c afate a teehee alo eh mere fe ma Pe ere Lophoditta Moschler. 
Welllon gs co 7 ts Sa Ske See pace es ree eee er ere Physulodes Warren. 
22. Palpi upcurved® .<te OR - 22’. She Sout AAR eee oer Thursania Schaus. 
Palpi-porrect, obliquely ascending... 2 -'ic<< oe siimictei-taielee ..-Pseudarista Schaus. 





no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 261 
Pee Palo wlonm sc ANOlOd an cee: srecistas cece Secale 8x deine vas4 Epiphanis Schaus. 
PALME pCurven. jordg. ee eae eee tne uc nesiaio se oL eu Sas ace Cloniatarphes Schaus. 

Aerie cima led WACK. otra sei tee ie eerair= Sey Pin ek earcemn. aes. = 518 Mastigophorus Poey. 
Ped PIN CUTMCD - feed oe are enero mie aa oe wee AERA cis oS e's cclsinns eta canes 25 
ANI ORLCOL Ss. seteenuectere Sonera ee eas ee pe tech aes eee Lepteria Schaus. 
PAU OIITGUGl y ASCOMOMN Stent n Saree ec uk ioe asia < Jta'stes.satersisiaiatalataa cites 33 

Gone almisnoayily Scaled. a4. .oee asec be eeec mae corse se ze etches eceeretesrae 26 
pari moderately scaled -...cc.2-c 526s ce ceme since ts Secinw Sst Dutsacesccees 28 

BV IMs NAMIOW .acacced swans sta rioae cece sae meeoe rs esac meee ok Palthis Guenée. 
Ieee SHORE oe otc VO no See eame beeen en Sas coins oi ce ndageas ise eae 27 

27. Anal ancle of hind wing truticated . ........-.-.2<0-2<2<-<---i52- Margites Druce. 
Anal aigle,or bind wines produced). sas. 5 52-2 «oe asec. - Nyctipolia Schaus. 

Zo) Veins > and 4.on hind ‘wines stalked: .222.2.2i2e6.: saodsboceasssseceisece 29 
Veinsis and 4 on hind wings not stalked... 2-02.26. 2s scseh es ogee cnedenc 32 

29, Outer margin of forewings rounded .....2. 2-200. ee bets cenendecasesese 30 
Outer marin of forewanes produced 2.2 :.2522.<45<622s5-005- se we soceecte 31 

BUREN WERIOL LOTS WEIMER ACULC os waecens os cscs Joes ao tastes adateaedes Physula Guenée. 
BS pexor fore wis TOUNAE + 25.5 .oico=t eos cee se es basen ene sine « Bradunia Schaus. 
Siebel wath tion third jOIMt. 222-0542 soonest oe ect dees Tleterogramma Guenée, 
Palpi with third joint smooth (female)...............-....... Dusponera Schaus. 

SZ eal reaching above, head -226200.0so. ck fased os tee deci Uzomathis Schaus. 
Paiprnot reaching above head .2sc22c0.-022-26000.%.26080e05 Dysperalis Warren. 

Soe rdnoMmior Dalpl lONPe. Es 2. cated caceais cence st eewescce ne ITypenopsis Dyar. 
PMR FONG On Pal plsHOrt. 2. sAvaive less cede vies said aree deeerece nts Neoptista Schaus. 

Ber HON SCH. 62. ce ct ee ee canst cede Scot aaae athe eceeta ateqesliues 35 
Palpisoronely sucled:.2...)<vesckasssoscasedccedaneteteds Mastigophorus Poey. 

Ea PON pRE VOCs atad oor oe tces eae ad se NesSseose spadew sa lan oo 37 
Palpr obliquely 4scOndimp ..2. nec $ save se damn move wneectadeese Meese sen 50 

SO ARILCHNAO WILMOUG TUIUs « oniein wots 5,6 oa/clhc acto ccleacidieavicrs ctamenicts.c Bucinna Walker. 
PCR AG WIL, Wt ten > wees oe teks SE ae sea outs oh sete eee wee 36 

36. Median vein of forewing with long tufts on under side......... Panarenia Schaus. 
‘Median vein without long tufts on under side...............-- Micramma Schaus. 
37. Outer margin of forewings with cleft...................--.-- Pteroprista Warren. 
Outer margin of forewings without cleft.............-.--..----2----00e0- 38 

Dom base Of COStA ARCVCG.< 3.2.2 cas semine des he aeeh woes aoe ds lament e ote Argania Druce. 
Buse oneosta Not arched. jcc... 2254 > 4 casei sees cooks weedeu cased ae eoue 39 

39. Costa of forewing with downward tuft........---..-....---2--. eee eens 40 
Costa of forewing without downward tuft......-..........22-.....-2-200- 41 
ZQNeANMTeMN Aes With tite. sac sce xe ecco coe oSaecsoe te ets aoe Phlyctaina Moschler. 
SLCUMAe WwALAOW Ub, nooo = hae S2he Sew uceScete  tece Sitophora Guenée. 
PPePOTICeMMM WAU: bitten act ae eae ces oes mo asa sees ene aie iene 42 
INTACT OCs sae noe mana Anos ened n oak a chee eee 43 
BebenAG MECUUALC sh yaaa en cuca ucaias sb sccine seen shee Nicetas Druce. 
EXMLERNIG IASCICUIALE S < fh caias. ocie o.0s 6 seo Seaiuets baslaboe «= Phalaenophana Grote. 
ATMCMEACSUDESCEN bay xsmste waviness eka ce aes Yelle woe eens Sabin, gt Se 49 
aouwWwanps proad) small 1 S176.) 2 ..22225254552525225-cb ose c eset Tetanolita Grote. 
Wings normal, larver misiZ0 2. 5.52 .s5eeeese ible... bee Aristaria Guenée. 

43. Inner margin of forewing rounded.............-.-....--- Diastreptoneura Warren. 
immer'margin. of forewing straight. ..<.22.2..0sce05 ss tes cde ve esdeanecede 44 
Eee MINI ZOc rc. ita t ow rae coe ihane cmtet.c.c Ao ae ae bad oe ewes 45 
BON GUISe eyes eens teech ace ee oN esse Abeak ohne Sele 48 

aa, Apex of forewing slightly falcate..:.....0200s2 6.502.022. Dogninades Schaus. 


mipexoorewangs NOt falcate. cts 5.21. sehe ces lies. de dla ek Uae set 46 


262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50, 


46) Palpimotreachine thorax... 2220, osm s eel eee Coscaga Schaus. 

Palpireachinoe thorax: -. <2 ee oem eee oer eee ine eee ee en 47 

Ais palpitwith long-hairts.. ©... <j.~eeme0 a Sag “Mere ce tee eer nee Mamerthes Druce. 

Palpicwath-shortiscaline =. 55-28 ecee on steccneee ee eeeteree Gorosina Schaus. 

AS PApex OL forewing tUNCAtC soe eee ee ers hecieieReeaseee Arthurmodes Dognin. 

Apexiof forewing ACUtels. 2 jeazane> -¥e ane edo ease eee Palthis Guenée. 

ag \ Head roughly scaled-s<.a'5. S15 see cei se eye ee lai oe ee Porosana Schaus. 

Head smoothiyisenlede os i201. c:a2 catep ce sise webeeo sens Tineocephala Dyar. 

50: pAmtennae pectimate. 20 sco. ape seis sees vive e cies ee ees see eee 51 

Antennae ciltatedAwith tuit.-...22%). 2g eatiaga- nae a eee 52 

Antennae ciliated without: tult..2.. <5. ssie chess eee eee eee 53 

51. Veins 3 and 4 on hind wing apart... -- Caras 12 ees gh ae Be aS Nae Licha Walker. 

: Veins 3 and 4 on hind wing shortly stalked..........-...-.---- Pterhemia Guenée. 

52. A raised tuft beyond cell on forewing .............-.-.-------- Ariphrades Druce. 

No raised tuft on forewing..........------ iS Ue aie pate vaste Dole spa Sg Maes Renia Guenée. 

58. Dhird jomt of palpidownbent). .-..2.:.-ssesieaecesaecaeae eee Clargia Schaus. 

Mhird joutiof palpi upturned. ..2 2.22 dsl ao cee, eee a eee ee 54 

54. sSecond joint.ot palprsmooth above... ..<<......-$s- sie seek Upothenia Schaus. 

Second joint .of palpiiringed above... 2-4. 'cnsinnts | Ssieiaeeeine eens Cola Dyar 

55. Welnsi7i)8, stalked ‘fromareole- --. -.--Guene Jerse Oe eee eee eee 56 

Vemnsi8, 9 and 10‘stalked! from areolé. 22)... -2..\..<\. beet ceete Stee ee eee 60 

Veins 7,8. and 10 not stalked irom areole. :<.. 2.226 senceu-2ete eee Jae nee 68 

> Veins 7 and 8 from areole, veins 10 and 11 from cell........-2. 2052222222. 126 
56, Palpiobliquely’ascending 2724.22.) shee ess. se eee. Ree a cee ee Bi: 

palpi pormechssstws te Jee eo ete fo ch aecigitrs ence ature ler Hyponeuma Schaus. 

Pal pabit cumyicdiries Nee es aie eo Seite rele agai e erate cis Sms NC Petes Bolica Walker. 

572 Horewine ol maleswithr vesicle... 5... se.ds-)lshse ns eee ean Zagorista Schaus. 

Forewing of male without vesicle..........-- Sy Sjaie hate NS SE 58 

5sieihare joimt-ot palpi minged 22) 223522222285 eee. oceeeeee Luberta Schaus. 

Mhird joint.of palpicsmoothe « «icc 20). s.-tcmaimde a= si awn sided blew see 59 

59. Analiangle.of hind wing/lobed)in male:2.s.225-1 2224-22 232345. Chabora Walker. 

Anal angle.of hind wings not lobed... .). 2... --2.02- sees. Chirconia Schaus. 

GOSsRalpisharply: angled: 2) 3.20055). ee ace ae sees Gee eee Mastigia Schaus. 

Paliot wpeurved!:.5 ose tas 42s oe oo ee eee eee eee es 61 

Palpi obliquely ascending =: ....- 2-2-8 =s5 ee caca- 5222 eRe eee 66 

Palpr porrect.2. 2.25 2222 wR e ee att MS PEN a (oA oe Lutogonia Schaus. 

Gl, Antennae of male with tut: . 4.35.20). 3 deena Je cee a eee 62 

iAmtennae or male:without tuit: elliates saensspee ee ee ere eee eee 64 

Ambennaewasciculates: #0 3 seofo = sey aay as ee eee ee -. Neopalthis Druce. 

62. Outer margin of forewing irregular..........--.----- Periphrage Herrich-Schiffer. 

Outer marein: of wing notirregulars 2... -soc25c8 coh c Sen: ee oe Ee 63 

63. Veins'3 and 4 of hind wings stalked :....--<....22..J2.02..2 bee Drucuma Schaus. 

Veins 3 and 4 of hind wings not stalked. ..........--...-:e-te- Megachyta Grote. 

64... Costaof forewing arched’ at base... 2..<.202..- ese e ote Oidemastis Schaus. 

Costa'of forewino notarched at bases.-5-0 5-2-5552... ae eee eee 65 

65. Palpi reaching beyond thorax. 5.0% 2. 2 2. <qcia- ee Scopifera Herrich-Schiffer. 

Palpinotjreaching beyond ‘thorax... 2.522). 222 95)-eei- eae So Mastixis Schaus. 

66. Wings angled........... Ab UU be Aes oe Ge renames Dectocraspedon Schaus. 

Wings not angled. +: - 22.2. tice She 8 ei eee eee eee 67 

Gia Antennae.of malleswititthbes so -cos ceca cee eee eo eee Taphonia Schaus. 

Antennae of male without tuft; ciliate...........-..--..---+----- Goednes Schaus. 

68, Antennae pectinate without tuit....2-...-<+. =the de sete eee aoe eee 69 

Antennae of male pectinate with tuft..........-....-.....-.--- Hormisa Walker. 

Antennae ciated ‘and: with tuftis..2.22 22 2. see ese ee os cies eee es 76 

Antennae without pectinations or tuits.....0-. 2. cc ccucecsemeee Joes 80 


2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 268 





NO. 
69. Palpi upcurved or obliquely ascending..................----2----------4- 70 
Ea DIMDOUT CG te 5, er ae Stoic eta ism bee aiaid syd aise ee = Seren is 73 
(o> Third joint of palpi partly mimeged -.2 2.25822 Soca < ctecsts ees oe eee oe eats 71 
SEIncHyOINt, OF PALI SMOOUN soccer ees oe cowie keys tee oes econensee 72 
Gi AlpwODlIGUELY ASCENGING: 22 sen a2 5 once ren ome ees ne eee Trauaxa Walker. 
TOD COLY Cece. 25. Ode neem e me pacecen «mere cee Phalaenostola Grote. 
mee eVCry LOBE. 2.2.5 505 Soe Soe e ek ee anne necGece ieee ee Se Ocalaria Schaus. 
ecto MO ao nactarenie on wow ee eee eee er -ee cee Me eek As Santiaxis Schaus, 
7 Outer marein-or forewing rounded 2.222522 55.52 v2 Ss ee ecttc se edeweme 74 

Outer margin of forewing angled or produced............-----.--+--+----- 75 
MPM NOLL wee aes te ontcieee ea mee oe ea Poe ote am eos Aggustiana Schaus. 
AZOLE Ca) 11 Aa ac a a Ye eR Cece Piilometra Grote. 
75. Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 on hind wings stalked.................. Dercetis Grote. 
Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 on hind wings not stalked........-.. Gustiana Walker. 
76. Outer margin of forewing irregular. .....6..22. 2. csc. ces escent ew ee wecne 77 
Oiier margin of iorewine Mormisl...s.cscemcessne cs Soe Sessa s eeaoeke 78 
77. Outer margin of forewing very oblique...-...--. Deere aiid ...Atopomorpha Warren. 
Outer margin of forewing produced.............---..---.-- Megatomis Hiibner. 
78. Antennae with tuftat or beyond middle...................-.- Tarista Schaus. 
Antennae with. tut betors middle 7 es. kc oake es Let et een eee saree 79 
Coe a MUD CURVCO on ascac cae aoa Mo oe See SSCS ae cee Zanclognatha Lederer. 
Palpeooldicly ascendin® 22.2 cap Glac tos cau ee dees ese Chytolita Grote. 
Sm CIEE marae rare set er eae Sn ed dre x a5 Soro cae See ee ee 81 
Ealmmiqne curved DACK f:.2 tose opine man thew andes sees c ees yee 83 
Peat Curved, CNOTUCh. +. .-0+ views ota clone sonst eodi candace Renae 88 
Pero piel y asCCNdin G7 oes e eS eae dks Soin eanihc code oS eee 94 
PAIS OLECC ian +s waco ee eienise yooh ea sneate ae ise at asic Sys estes 112 
81. Palpi reaching to near end of abdomen.........-........-- Charmodia Méschler. 
Api nObreneOMy AaDUOMeM 282-5 22 -tan- =o feta so gWens Heol cs. aeeeeeee 82 
82. Second joint of palpi angled back.............----2....--- Lophophora Méschler. 
Mhird jomt, of palpi angled. back...22s224.0.2.24- 22 222-42- Palthisomis Schaus. 
Gemewitenine eu ehiy Gated. ..ccdacsave di... ekeane ee Siexseneee es Gizama Walker. 
Pre ae 1OL CUACCG jo Sones So.0c2 cis cees on Ue ce ed ces aewcnehe ae 84 
SS CGT SE es 1228 BE BE 1s ee a Pyrgion Druce. 
PomaOG arched At Wades: .caeencmeccaws Ae yoke doen aa thoes See use e eee cas 85 
85. Tore tibiae with sheath of flocculent hairs....... eee Drepanopalpia Wampson, 
eee ela aa tae oes eeaween en cks vas tans = area ae sot eecemee 86 
PME SEAT Cie Veree geke ste ee cen ae ao oe ee Strathocles Druce. 
PeINaad GEST THIS EUS ay oe ae ease 2s ioe Sessa ra a a3 Rg myn a sin oa eae ota eee _ 87 
Gi. aipraivercine terminally 2: coccic.. teed ites eee le heeds ees Poenomia Schaus. 
Papi not divercine terminally. <.<..0..0c0.% 6.tse-5eecnuese Rejectaria Guenée. 
Se. Phird jot of palpi hairy or with tuit...2......2.252. dass se cen dec se Seas wee 89 
Third joint of palpi smooth behind, and without prominent scaling in front. oE 
89. Second joint of palpi with triangular tuft in front........... Neoherminia Druce. 
Decoud JONG Of palpi dringed in Ironte15..42% ofecocce elt de toss adem eteeese 90 
90. Third joint of palpi heavily fringed in front...............--- Hypenula Grote. 
Third joint of palpi with small tuft behind ........ Ma aercee. Bleptina Guenée. 
Third joint of palpi with small tuft in front...............--- Leucatomis Dognin, 
Ol yO LEMMNAO TASCICUMALS <. «whist ei ees oe oe oe lade 2 bee eee aes Epizeuxis Hiibner. 
AMLenUAe MIM eSCOMt, CLIATCls. 2025 “eeu se oe. odes oa. a dloeis ne os aeaicloeva ee 92 
AntennaG PUDEsCeNt: 2.2 223.25 sees eta ie cus sesso ast ce < Epistrema Schaus. 
92. Veins 6 and 7 of hind wings stalked ...........-. Trachodopalpus Blanchard (?). 
WVeins’6 and:7, of hind wings from angle «<1... .2dcceesebecte cee sdeeeee 93 


964 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor 50. 


93. Third joint of palpi nearly as long as second ...........-... Pseudaglossa Grote. 

Third joint of palpi half the length of second................. Carteris Dognin. 

94: “Third yoimt'of palpi porrect. 6.22% L208 fo. See See Sem ces Sere 95 

Third yomt' of palpi Not Porrect.../2- 5 sek ese e oe soe eae oe a eee 98 

95. Vein 5 on hind wings from middle of discocellular...................2-- 96 

Vein 5 on hind wing from near lower angle’ -....2.2..0.-02220.0122-++202- 97 

Sere LTO EOL Uy otto aia sic Sie oe ratalen = ai teatro ale) tetera feral iets aretaerteratets Ommatochila Butler. 

Palmore cease see nee ce cee eens Seen mn nm ee enn ter Cladenia Méschler. 

97) “Antennae dilated towards end: -s.o452. 222 2222.22: sees se cceees Poena Druce. 

Antennae not, dilated.c- 353515550 o. sees bee sects lene Burdettia Schaus. 

98° Hind “wings; with ‘termen irresular: 22930. 22. Case Sorygaza Walker. 

Hind: wines! with termen*rounded!. 123222255555. 22 2oe setae as a eee wees 99 

99. Inner margin of hind wings densely scaled. ..........-.--- Cyclopteryz Guenée. 

Inner marem ot hind wing normal 2522.2... 202s-- sss ses sea eee 100 

100. Abdomen with dorsal tufts. 5220. 2522-265 cae s some cee esiese Peliala Walker. 

Abdomen without dorsal tufts: 2t2c.22h.26 222 been aoe ate t ae eee 101 

1015 “Chird: joint of palpi very hairy lo. c5c.. hs acess wee see se Aglaonice Méschler. 

Third jomt ol palpi not very hairy j25.. 2... 25225 02. soa cee oleae eee 102 

102. Second joint of palpi well fringed above.............-.-.-.--2----+----200- 103 
Second joint of palpi fringed above and below...........-....--..----.--- 105 . 

Second joint of palpi not fringed or with only a few hairs above. .........-- 106 

163. Veins and 4 on hind wingsstalked 2).-2 io. S22 5.52 ce eee ciee ee Mursa Walker, 

Veins 3 and 4 on hind wine totistalked...\o 22022 foc Le <2 ee ie sae wees 104 

104. “Antennae pubescent;-ciltates: if 55.226)... secs slecne = clas oye Synomera Schaus. 

Antennae smooth with minute bristles.:..............--.-...-- Ipnista Schaus. 

[5 MO optaarChed) atibaseess. secs noes. tem ties Sieeta Se oe alee eee Capis Grote. 

Costainot arched atibaser ss. ccc coe stociee creme soe a Hormoschista Méschler, 

MO GamBurer cap kialry<eee ocecscee Mee soars aiciocte e ciaecleieies Cra oe arate eee 107 

Hard dewa mot Mathys ces ses e tise eee taare etele fo ete ete ate raise rolatai 1a leet ee artes 109 

107. Antennae smooth, with minute bristles ..........-....--...- Lithopoma Schaus, 

INGER AG: PUP CSCEDL, (CLIATOL. ci ste «sins ala <)sleele 1 =e) oe Sar eer 108 

108. Vein 5 on fore wing well above angle..............-..2-22..2-- Diodines Schaus, 

Vein) ontore wine womianglo oct oo 5ocssss tee chilis test aye Metalectra Hiibner, 

OGM PAntenmae taScLCUlAle ss osc s)1c sais cane oe ceo es eeiee eae ee ee Uzinia Schaus. 

Antennae pubescent, ciliate. — 6: 2 soe6 cas cme os se q2 ene ecin = om se ee 110 

TL, Chedyyointror spall pt, long 1 Foy fare re opereietai reelected = sola Glenopteris Guenée, 

Miard qoiit of palpi shorts 2.54.2 566se seems nore eo ee ee eee ee 111 

111. Outer margin of fore wing obliquely rounded.........--.------- Salia Hiibner, 

Outer margin of fore wing produced...-....:--:--------.--- Matiloxis Schaus, 

112, Submedian in fore wing below with tufts.........-.2-...2. 2.5... e eee 113 

Submedian in fore wing below without tufts.......-.- a ac TAs ae aca ne 114 

113. Veins 3:and™4 of hind wing from/angle--- <<. 32. oo tctee se Tomyris Druce. 

Veins Sand4of hind wing stalked ose sooo. acces -mteimroe Ge ore Ogoas Druce. 

114. Inner margin of fore wing with small tuft........-....--....-- . .Sotigena Druce. 

Inner margin of fore wing without tuft...........---.-----+---+--+-+++++-- 115 

15. plead with fromtal tut. c2282n0 josie ao eee we ne capa Se eee eet 116 

Head without tron taltuite et cote. cn oce cen a nips ee ene at eet atte 125 

116. Outer margin of fore wing very oblique, straight....-...-..--.-- Acmana Schaus. 

Outer margin of fore wing oblique, obtusely angled.........-.. Tibracana Walker. 

Outer marign of fore wing rounded ..........----.---------+----+2-ceee- 117 

117. Vein 3 of the fore wing from before middle of cell........-.--.-- Boana Walker. 

Veins of fore wing nedranclé: <3... :-2- oer e nen oe heerlen arene 118 

118. Vein 5 of hind wing from middle of discocellular.........-- Hyponeuma Schaus. 

Vein 5 of hind wing from below middle of discocellular....-.....---+--+- 119 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPRENINAB—SCHAUS. 265 





PO MC OSta Ce Phessed . caduyebaete worse 21a Chek Sette wale od dae owe Lomanaltes Grote. 
Cpararuoti de presscdle seca ers See. pod he ches a noe cele bastele 120 
Pee Ore WIN MATTOW 2 noe ghee gost hah wore te ES a olkgie a st caalt Suc ao aesn 121 
poten Ine TAN a tee Ree ee soko sae oe a Ae eee vw 122 
121, Innermargin produced at tornus......4.-22...2...2cceeece ok Plathypena Grote. 
Inner margin not produced at tornus................-..--2-05 THypena Schrank. 
122. Dorsal tufts on abdomen extending beyond base ........... Bomolocha Hiibner. 
Small flat dorsal tuft at base of abdomen only............2.2.-2--4.---0e- 123 
i232 Falpi with third joint wpeurved..2..26<8 22.05.2222 ceancedecceue Zorothis Schaus, 
elpuy uh tind [Out Swale Nt once e eee oo oaate. ce coo em icats Sle wa bake 124 
124. Vein 5 on hind wing well above angle................-2.-24 Anepischetos Smith. 
Vein 5 on hind wing’close to anele. ois 222 ..22e 2s. occ Se cece tet. Dida Druce. 
125. Second joint of palpi fringed below........-..-4..........00-. Artiloxis Schaus. 
Second joint of palpi fringed above.......-..-.-.-..........--. Carillade Schaus. 
IO Geeavelns LOran dal iree. <a. F sec occas hes feces cn So does Dysglyptogona Warren. 
Womemtuand Uistalked o6 - oc oo bat ses ovat act gees wee ees Alinza Walker. 
Ae PATIUENIAS PECUNALCH 6 we Cicada ne des nts bleh nes batons wend Boletobia Boisduval, 
PeLeMMAS MOU PCCUHALE <2). .0.<0 415 =+i dunes ceed dames eeeect cables soe 128 
28m Wines deeply crenulates a5 sucacv oi. ecole le pee Ssscc ee seeees ox Oroscopa Druce. 
CSE MIOMEMAL = «Mie Alar «eed viv'wie's wietes Set Swiaiswr eisai iS was date envonaa ee ouee Beene 129 
129, Head with curly frontal tafts. 2. .2..-0ss0cecescceeecee seca. DBostrycharia Schaus. 
Head with acute frontal tiites. och nscccs scwicac ce ccsleeccdaave Schiraces Schaus, 


SCUTIRODES, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi upturned to far above head; third joint very long and 
acuminate. Antennae with very fine bipectinations ending in 
bristles. Wingsnarrow. Fore wings: Veins 7 and 8 stalked; 9 absent; 
10.11 from cell. 

Type of genus.—Hypenodes apis Druce.} 


MARGIZA, new genus. 


Female.—Palpi long, obliquely upeurved, with short fringe above. 
Antennae pubescent, ciliate; legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Cos- 
tal margin rounded before apex, which is acute, produced; outer 
margin incurved below apex, then rounded; vein 3 close to lower 
angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from 
upper angle; 8 and 9 stalked from upper angle; 10 and 11 from cell. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 very shortly stalked; 5 from close to tower 
angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of Genus.— Margiza terranea Schaus. 


MARGIZA TERRANEA, new species. 


Female.—Body and legs whitish buff irrorated with brown, except 
the tarsi. Fore wings similar, more thickly irrorated with brown; 
a basal brown line across costa and cell; antemedial line brown, 
wavily lunular, almost vertical; a buff point as orbicular; reniform 
fuscous brown, containing a small yellow buff spot in front; post- 
medial fine, wavy, slightly outcurved, buff, faintly indicated; subter- 





1 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 442, pl. 36, fig. 3. 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





minal similar, finely dentate; terminal fuscous brown spots on inter- 
spaces. Hind wings paler, especially on inner margin, more evenly 
tinged with brown; dark postmedial and subterminal lines, better 
defined at vein 2, outwardly shaded with buff towards inner margin; 
a dark brown lunular line. Hind wings below thickly irrorated with 
brown, the lines as above, but more distinct; a fuscous brown streak 
on discocellular. j 

Expanse.—34 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River. 

Type.— Cat. No. 19692, U.S.N.M. 

The genus also includes Margiza purpuraria Dognin.1 


Genus MELANOMMA Grote. 
Melanomma Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 5, 1875, p. 117. 


Male.—Palpi upturned; second joint roughly scaled, barely reach- 
ing above vertex; third joint smooth, acuminate, very short. Anten- 
nae pectinated. Legs slender, smoothly scaled. Wings narrow. 
Fore wings: Costa convex; apex rounded; outer margin obliquely 
rounded; vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 above 
angle; upper angle of cell rounded; 6, 7, 8 equally apart; 9 on long 
stalk with 8; 10 from cell close to 8; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 
and 4 and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 well above angle. 

Type of genus.— Melanomma auricinctaria Grote. 


Genus DITROGOPTERA Hampson. 
Ditrogoptera Hampson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, pt. 3, p. 256. 


Palpi short, upturned, not reaching vertex; second joint fringed 
with hair toward extremity; third minute. Antennae of female 
almost simple. Legs long and slender, the spurs long. Fore wings: 
Vein 6 from below upper angle; 7 from angle; 8 and 9 stalked; 10 
from cell; 11 anastomosing with 12; outer margin excised below apex. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 below middle of dis- 
cocellular; 6 and 7 stalked; outer margin bilobed, being deeply 
excised between veins 5 and 6, then oblique and the inner margin 
short. 

Type of genus.—Ditrogoptera trilineata ? Hampson. 


Genus HYPOECHANA Druce. 
Hypoechana Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 481, pl. 40, fig. 8. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching above vertex, slightly fringed in 
front and behind; third jomt half as long as second. Antennae 
pubescent fasciculate; a tuft of hairs about middle of shaft. Legs 


1 Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 72. 
2 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, pt. 3, p. 256, pl. 17, fig. 20. 


no, 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 267 








smooth; fore tibiae with long process. Fore wings: A downturned 
ridge of hairs medially on costa; apex acute; outer margin slightly 
rounded and oblique; cell short; vein 2 almost as close to 3 as 3 to 4; 
4 and 5 slightly apart from lower angle; 6 slightly above 5; 7 below 
upper angle; 8 from upper angle; 9 and 10 stalked from cell; 11 free; 
these veins nearly all equally apart. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 on 
short stalk; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 
Type of genus.—Hypoechana fuliginosa Druce. 


Genus TORTRICODES Guenée. 
Tortricodes GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 71. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, sinuous, reaching well above head, com- 
pressed, smoothly scaled; third joint fringed in front with hair. 
Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with hairy 
process. Fore wings: Costal margin with raised tuft of hairs medially; 
outer margin with cleft; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle of cell; 6 below 
upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked from angle; 10 from angle; 11 free from 
cell. In the female veins 7-10 are stalked. Hind wings: Veins 3 
and 4 shortly stalked from lower angle; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 
shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Tortricodes pteropheralis Guenée. 


The following species are also placed in this genus: 

Tortricodes alucitalis Guenée Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 73. 

Tortricodes orneodalis Guenée Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 73—Her- 
minia tagusalis Walker Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 116. 

Tortricodes nagrirena Uerrich-Schiiffer Corr-Blatt, Regensburg, 
1870, p. 108. Unknown to me. 

Tortricodes aon Druce Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 461, pl. 38, figs. 3, 3a male; 4, female. 


TORTRICODES MAJORALIS, new species. 


Male.—Fore wings grayish brown; lines grayish ocherous; ante- 
medial straight, inwardly oblique from costa, outwardly broadly 
shaded with dark brown; postmedial line sinuous; subterminal line 
obliquely outcurved; costal tufts extending from antemedial to sub- 
terminal line. Hind wings dull fuscous brown. Hind wings below 
brownish, irrorated with gray; a well-marked black discal point; 
postmedial line dark brown; outer margin broadly with fewer irro- 
rations; a subterminal pale lanular deine line. 

' Expanse.—34 mm. 

Habitat.—Tuis, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19693, U.S.N.M. 

Distinguished by its large size and more extended costal tufts. 


268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


Genus LASCORIA Walker. 


Lascoria WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 838. 

Gaberasa WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1197. (Type, G. ambigualis 
Walker.) Male=Tortricodes bifidalis Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 
1872, p. 105; female= Tortricodes indivisalis Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 
vol. 4, 1872, p. 106. 

Eulintneria Grote, Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., vol. 7, 1878, p. 564. (Type, £. 

bifidalis Grote.) 

Male.—Palpi upeurved; second joint slender; third joint half the 
length of second, with long hairs in front. Antennae pubescent 
ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with long slender process. Fore 
wings: Costa straight, convex toward apex, which is blunt; outer 
margin with cleft; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 below upper angle; 
7,8, 9 stalked; 10 and 11 from cell, close together. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 well above lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Lascoria phormisalis Walker = opiteralis (Lleptina) 
Walker (Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859 p. 864). 

The genus includes also: 

Lascoria albibasalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 
1865, p.1160. 

Lascoria manes (Gaberasa) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 462, pl. 38, figs. 9, 9a, 10. 

Lascoria anxa (Gaberasa) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 462, pl. 38, figs. 7, 7a, 8. 

Lascoria albipunctalis (Gaberasa) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 463, pl. 38, figs. 13, 13a. 

Lascoria leucorabdota (Tortricodes) Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1901, p. 134, pl. 6, fig. 3. 

Lascoria paulensis (Tortricodes) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
30, 1906, p. 122. 

Lascoria dulcena (Tortricodes) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
30, 1906, p. 123. 

Lascoria barbaralis (Tortricodes) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 210. 

Lascoria curta (Dognin) Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 70, 
(1914). 

Lascoria fassliata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 71. 

No doubt a large number of species belonging to this genus remain 
to be discovered, especially among the very small forms, as they run 
close together and are difficult to obtain in good condition. I have 
left several species in the United States National Museum collection 
unnamed as they are too rubbed to describe, though evidently 
representing distinct species. Some males assume a most distorted 
position when at rest. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 269 





LASCORIA NIVEA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi brownish gray irrorated with fuscous. Body and 
wings white; some fuscous brown irrorations on collar and thorax; 
a dorsal spot at base of abdomen, followed by two transverse fuscous 
brown lines. Fore wings: Costa narrowly shaded with brown to 
just beyond cell; a coarse brown line, inbent across cell at middle, 
then vertical to inner margin, constricted just below median; a duller 
white line on discocellular defined by fuscous irrorations; subterminal 
brown shades on costa and inner margin; terminal dark points on 
interspaces, preceded by dark brown shades below vein 7 and vein 4. 
Hind wings: Termen shaded with brown; traces of dark lines on 
inner margin toward angle. Wings below duller irrorated with brown. 
Hind wings with a spot in cell and on discocellular, the irrorations 
forming interrupted postmedial and geminate subterminal lines. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat—Maroni River, Surinam side. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19694, U.S.N.M. 


LASCORIA LAURENTIA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi brownish buff fringed with spatulate fuscous scales. 
Head, collar, and thorax brown, more darkly irrorated; the patagia 
broadly tipped with white. Abdomen brown mottled with gray 
white; fuscous dorsal spots. Fore wings brown, thickly irrorated 
with fuscous brown; a fine white line from base below cell, suffusing 
with antemedial white line, which is inangled on submedian; a small 
white spot medially in cell; a fine whitish line on discocellular; post- 
medial line white, wavy, incurved just above cleft; a subterminal 
white line, irregular, and expanding between veins 6 and 7; the shad- 
ing before lines rather darker. Hind wings grayish brown; post- 
medial and subterminal white lines only well marked across vein 2, and 
edged with fuscous brown shadings; a terminal pale line inwardly 
edged with fuscous; cilia dark spotted at anal angle. Hind wings 
below white shaded with yellow buff and irrorated with dark brown; 
a dark brown spot in cell, and coarse line on discocellular; a wavy 
postmedial line; subterminal white, macular, darkly shaded. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Laurent, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19695, U.S.N.M. 


LASCORIA ANTIGONE, new species. 


Male.—Closely allied to LZ. laurentia Schaus. Smaller, the apex of 
fore wings acute, the costa apically less arched; the palpi tipped with 
white; wings brighter brown; the antemedial white line broader; 
the white Jine on discocellular thicker; the postmedial broader, inbent 
below cell; reniform forming a triangular white spot; the subterminal 


270 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


white line broader; the terminal black spots better marked, followed 
by two fine lines on cilia. Hind wings whitish, shaded with pale 
grayish brown; a fine medial shade; a subterminal whitish line, dark 
edged near anal angle. Wings below paler than in L. laurentia; the 
costa of fore wings mottled with white; the subterminal white 
markings better defined. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat —Geldersland, Surinam. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19696, U.S.N.M. 


LASCORIA CRISTATA, new species. 


Male—Body mottled yellow brown and creamy yellow, with 
darker brown shadings on abdomen dorsally. Fore wings yellow 
brown, darkest medially; antemedial line indicated by paler basal 
shading; a ridge of upturned spatulate scales below cell near base; 
postmedial line fine, dark brown, wavy, incurved around cleft, out- 
wardly shaded with white; subterminal white spots from vein 5 to 
costa, the largest between veis 6 and 7, outset; some terminal 
whitish shades and traces of an interrupted terminal black line. 
Hind wings whitish, terminally suffused with brown, the veins partly 
fringed with brownish hairs; a fine dark postmedial line; an indistinct 
subterminal whitish line. Fore wings below gray brown; inner mar- 
gin whitish;'a dark straight postmedial line from costa to cleft; the 
subterminal white spots less distinct. Hind wings below whitish, 
irrorated with brown; a black point in cell and one on discocellular; 
postmedial line fine, fuscous brown; a subterminal macular white 
line. 

Expanse.—21 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Trinidad, La Chorrera, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19697, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by August Busck. 


LASCORIA MARONIALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, base of abdomen and wings white, 
with some yellow and dark brown irrorations; abdomen beyond basal 
segment more thickly irrorated; a black dorsal spot at base. Fore 
wings: A dark brown, inwardly oblique, antemedial line broadly 
shaded outwardly with yellowish and dark irrorations; two black 
points on discocellular; postmedial indicated by pale yellowish 
shadings on either side; traces of an outangled subterminal line, 
marked by a fuscous spot between veins 6 and 7; terminal black spots. 
Hind wings: A geminate faint line on discocellular; postmedial fine, 
wavy, fuscous; an outer narrow dark shade; traces of a subterminal 
line; the terminal black line well defined. 

Expanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19698, U.S.N.M. 


NO. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 271 





LASCORIA NAUPALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax lilacine gray; abdomen gray brown, 
with whitish segmental lines. Fore wings lilacine gray, broadly 
shaded with brown beyond antemedial and postmedial lines, which 
are whitish; the antemedial straight, almost vertical; the postmedial 
finely wavy, somewhat inbent to cleft, then vertical to inner margin; 
a fine medial line; traces of a darker fine subterminal shade; terminal 
black spots. Hind wings lilacine brown, broadly tinged with white 
along inner margin; traces of a medial and more distinct postmedial 
dark line; a pale subterminal shade towards inner margin. Hind 
wings below white irrorated with llacine brown; a dark point on 
discocellular; a fine dark postmedial line; an outer brown shade, and 
faint subterminal line. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat—San Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19699, U.S.N.M. 





LASCORIA ARENOSA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax yellow brown irrorated 
with black. Abdomen dark brown, shaded with gray at base and 
on terminal segment; small dorsal black spots on three basal seg- 
ments. Fore wings: Base white, crossed by a yellowish shade, irro- 
rated with brown on inner margin, and limited by a fine fuscous 
brown antemedial line, which is almost vertical; medial space dark 
slate color, the costa yellow brown; some darker irrorations forming 
a fine medial line, a broad postmedial white shade, outcurved below 
costa, crossed by a diffuse yellowish shade irrorated with fuscous 
brown, outwardly limited by an irregular subterminal fuscous brown 
line; outer margin dark slate color, with an interrupted fuscous 
brown terminal line. Hind wings dull brown. Hind wings below 
white irrorated with brown, the termen broadly brown; a dark discal 
point and postmedial line; a white subterminal lne expanding 
opposite cell, and at inner margin. 

Expanse.—14 mm. 

Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19700, U.S.N.M. 


BLEPTIPHORA, new genus. 


Antennae pubescent with long cilia at joints. Male palpi up- 
curved close to head, second joint reaching above vertex, third joint 
bent back to middle of thorax, the inside with long hairs from base, 
outwardly smoothly sealed; female palpi obliquely upbent, the sec- 
ond joint very long, the third short, bent back, well frmged. Fore 
.tibiae of male with broad projecting tuft of hairs at base; the base of 
tarsi outcurved fringed with hair. Fore wings: Outer margin with 


272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


deep cleft between veins 2 and 4; vein 6 from near upper angle; 7 
shortly stalked on 8 and 9 from upper angle; 10 and 11 free. Hind 
wings: Outer margin truncated below vem 2; veins 3 and 4 and 
6 and 7 stalked; 5 from near lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Bleptiphora laurentia Schaus. 


BLEPTIPHORA LAURENTIA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi and head grayish buff, more darkly irrorated. 
Body and fore wings yellowish buff thinly irrorated with brown. 
Fore wings: Lines dark brown inwardly edged with whitish buff; 
antemedial line fine, almost vertical; a dark point as orbicular; reni- 
form defined by a faint dark line on its inner edge; postmedial more 
heavily marked, straight, sightly mbent; an imterrupted terminal 
line. Hind wings: The costal margin broadly shaded with smoky 
eray, the inner margin tinged with gray, the space between from 
beyond cell yellowish buff irrorated with brown; the outer line from 
costa near apex similar to line on fore wings. Wings below thickly 
irrorated with brown; small discal spots; the outer line finely wavy, 
geminate. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat. St. Laurent, Maroni River. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19701, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HYPHYPENA Warren. 
Hyphypena WARREN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 231. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved, hairy, half the length of wing; second 
joint curved, cut off sharply at end; third jomt half the length of 
second with a fine small point. Antennae with angulate joints, 
ciliated beneath. Fore wings short and broad; costa arched from 
base to apex, which is slightly produced; outer margin slightly im- 
curved below apex; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 and 6 from 
discocellular; 7, 8, 9 stalked from cell; 10 and 11 free. Hind wings 
rounded; veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 from 
upper angle. 

Type of genus.—HLHyphypena bipunctalis Warren; unknown to 
me; possibly not a Deltoid, but a Chrysauginid. 


Genus APUSTIS Schaus. 
Apustis Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1918, p. 18. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved, third joint nearly as long as second, smooth, 
acuminate with tufts of hairs at middle not reaching tip. Anten- 
nae finely pubescent, ciliate. Fore wings broad; apex acute; outer 
margin incurved below apex, then obliquely rounded; vein 2 beyond 
middle of cell; 3, 4, 5 apart from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 


NO. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS.. 278 





7,8, 9 stalked from upper angle; 10 and il from cell. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 close to lower angle; 6 and 7 from 
upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Apustis sabulosa Schaus. 


Genus GIRTESMA Schaus. © 
Girtesma Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 13. 


Male.—Palpi flat, outwardly clothed with spatulate scales; second 
joint upcurved; third joint bent back barely reaching thorax. An- 
tennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Apex acute; 
termen bluntly produced at vein 4; veins 3 before lower angle; 4, 5 
from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 shortly stalked with 8 and 
9 from upper angle; 10 and 11 from cell. Hind wings broad; outer 
margin angled at vein 2; the anal angle obtuse; veins 3 and 4 on 
short stalk; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Girtesma messala Schaus. 


MARONIA, new genus. 


Female.—Palpi slender, smooth, upcurved to collar. Antennae 
minutely pubescent. Legs slender, smooth. Fore wings out- 
wardly broad, the outer margin much produced, rounded; vein 3 a 
little farther from 4 than 5 from 4; 6 below upper angle; 7, 8, 9 
stalked from upper angle; 10, 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin 
sinuous; veins 3 and 4 on short stalk; 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 
stalked. 

Type of genus.—Maroma celadon Schaus. 


MARONIA CELADON, new species. 


Female.—Head dark brown. Collar and thorax whitish brown 
shaded with dark brown. Abdomen whitish grey, irrorated with 
fuscous brown, forming a dorsal patch near base, followed by a trans- 
verse dark line. Fore wings dull gray, the lines brown; a subbasal 
line; an antemedial dark brown shade, irrorated with fuscous brown; 
orbicular large, annular; a sinuous medial line, darker spotted on 
discocellular; some silvery scales medially above subcostal; post- 
medial incurved opposite cell, and below vein 2, partly dentate; 
subterminal white, wavy, following contour of outer margin, out- 
wardly shaded with brownish gray; termen white with a dark ter- 
minal line, and mottled with some silver below apex, and on inter- 
spaces to vein 4. Hind wings brownish gray, the inner margin 
broadly whitish, irrorated with brown; dark medial and postmedial 
lines, the latter followed by a broad darker gray shade; subterminal 
broad, white, not reaching costa; some marginal white shades and 
dark terminal line. Fore wings below gray brown; a subterminal 
macular white line. Hind wings below as above, but duller; a fine 

10600°—Proe.N.M.voi.50—16——18 


274 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





dark line on discocellular; the subterminal consisting of a few small 
white spots. 
Expanse.—At apices 19 mm.; at middle of outer margin 24 mm. 
Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River. 
Type.—Cat. No. 19702, U.S.N.M. 


TRACHYSMATIS, new genus. 


Male-—Antennae minutely serrate with short cilia. Palpi up- 
curved, slender, smooth; the second joint reaching above vertex; the 
third almost as long as second. Body slender, the thorax clothed with 
spatulate scales; legs smooth. Wings narrow. Forewmgs: Outer 
margin slightly smuous; vein 2 near lower angle of cell; 3 from lower 
angle; 4 and 5 slightly above angle, apart; 6 below upper angle; 7, 
8, 9 stalked from upper angle; 10 and 11 free. Hind wings inbent 
opposite cell; veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 near lower angle; 
6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Trachysmatis ignobilis Schaus. 


TRACHYSMATIS IGNOBILIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, thorax, and forewings olive brown. Abdomen and 
hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings: Antemedial and_post- 
medial lines indicated by darker shading, almost black on ante- 
medial; a black shade across discocellular; the postmedial is followed 
by faint ochreous shading; subterminal line wavy, pale tinged, in- 
distinct. Wings below dark grey. 

Expanse.—11 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama. (Collected by August Busck.) 

Type.—Cat. No. 19703, U.S.N.M. 


TRACHYSMATIS MOGIA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and forewings light greenish grey. 
Palpi, abdomen, and hind wings brown grey, more darkly irrorated. 
Forewings: A fuscous shade at base of costa; a famt antemedial 
shade; a dark postmedial shade, broad, slightly outcurved at end of 
cell, inclosing a large black spot on discocellular; a fine dark sub- 
terminal shade, expanding on costa. Wings below dull grey. 

Expanse.—12 mm. 

Habitat—Cayenne, French Guiana. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19704, U.S.N.M. 
COMPSENIA, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae pubescent, ciliate. Palpi obliquely ascending, 
long, second joint hairy, third joint upturned, linear, smoother. 
Legs smoothly scaled. Forewings: Apex acute; termen incurved 
below apex, produced at vein 4; vein 3 close to lower angle; 4 and 5 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 275 





from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 well stalked from upper 
angle; 10 and 11 from cell. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 
stalked; 5 near lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Compsenia catagrapha Schaus. 

The genus also contains: 

Compsenia gracillima ( Mastigophorus) Herrich-Schiffer, Corr.-Blatt, 
Regensburg, 1870, p. 106. 

Compsenia area (Sorygaza) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 487, pl. 40, fig. 25. 

Compsenia plumbea (Dercetis?) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 34. 

Compsenia furtiva Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 49. 


COMPSENIA CATAGRAPHA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi, head, and collar orange brown with fuscous brown 
irrorations. Thorax white mottled with orange. Abdomen white, 
thickly irrorated dorsally with orange brown. Fore wings white; 
the lines broad, orange brown, irrorated with fuscous; the costa to 
postmedial similar, also a streak in cell connecting antemedial and 
medial lines; these lines,somewhat constricted below cell, the latter 
crossing discocellular, where the large reniform is faintly outlined 
in fuscous; postmedial remote, sinuous, its edge very uneven; sub- 
terminal fine, fuscous brown shaded with orange; an interrupted 
terminal black line. Hind wings white; a faint dark medial shade; 
postmedial shade remote, fuscous brown; a subterminal line at anal 
angle; a fine terminal brown line. Hind wings below thinly irrorated 
with fuscous brown, the lines shaded with yellow. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19705, U.S.N.M. 


COMPSENIA INSULALIS, new species. 


Female.—Body and wings grey. Fore wings: Base rather paler, 
ochreous grey, with some dark basal irrorations on costa, limited by 
the curved antemedial darker shade, which is inwardly edged by a 
fine white line; the antemedial partly mottled with orange, and cross- 
ing the obicular spot which is whitish yellow; a faintly darker medial 
shade; reniform oblique, whitish yellow, partly edged with orange 
and black scales; a fine white postmedial line, minutely wavy, almost 
vertical ; a subterminal indistinct whitish shade; terminal black points; 
cilia terminally spotted with white. Hind wings: A faint dark 
medial shade; a fine postmedial line, outwardly white shaded near 
inner margin; a subterminal white line, dark shaded inwardly on 
inner margin; terminal black lunules outwardly pale edged. Hind 
wings below white, irrorated with brown; a dark point in cell, and 


276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





spot on discocellular; a medial shade; a fine postmedial line, and 
broader outer shade. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19706, U.S.N.M. 


Genus RIVULA Guenée. 








Rivula GuENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 47. 
Enedena Doanin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 68. (Type, EL. punctilinea 
Dognin.) 

Palpi broad, porrect, compressed; second joint heavily fringed; 
third joint very short, concealed in hairs of second. Antennae mi- 
nutely ciliated. A sharp frontal tuft. Legs smoothly scaled. Wings 
broad. Forewings: Vein, 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 apart; 6 from 
upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked from upper angle; 10 and 11 free. 

Type of genus.—Rwula sericealis Schiffermiller. 

The genus also contains the following species: 

Rwula pusilla Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1870, p. 234=Rivula 
mgripuncta Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 37. 

Riwula orobena Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 444, 
pl. 36, fig. 8. : 

Rivula mandane Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 
444, pl. 36, fig. 4. I am unable to find the type, which should be in 
the United States National Museum. 

Rivula latupes Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser: 8, vol. 11, 1913, 
p. 37. 

Genus RHAZUNDA Walker. 


Rhazunda WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 35, 1866, p. 1961. 


Male.—Palpi upturned, second joint to vertex with slight fringe of 
hair behind at extremity; third joint short, porrect. Antennz 
ciliated. Fore wings: Veins 7, 8, 9 stalked; 10 and 11 from cell. 

Type of genus.—Rhazunda distributa Walker. 





MAC RISTIS, new genus. 


Male.—Antenne bipectinate. Palpi long, porrect, four times the 
length of head; the second joint with triangular tufts above near 
head; third joint short, acute, slightly fringed above. Body slender; _ 
legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Costa arched toward apex; apex 
acute; outer margin sinuous; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 below 
upper angle; 7, 8, 9 stalked from upper angle; 10 and 11 free. Hind 
wings: Outer margin incurved opposite cell; veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 
7 well stalked; 5 from close to lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Macristis geminipunctalis Schaus. 

This genus will become a synonym of Dercetis Grote, should the 
absence of the areole prove unreliable. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAB—SCHAUS. 277 





MACRISTIS GEMINIPUNCTALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dull gray; palpi and 
abdomen brownish gray. Hind wings whitish gray. Wings with 
terminal black points. Fore wings: Traces of a fine wavy, dark ante- 
medial line; a white point on discocellular; postmedial line out- 
curved, consisting of obliquely placed geminate black points, con- 
nected by an undulating line. Hind wings below whitish on inner 
half, otherwise thickly irrorated with brown; a fine postmedial line; 
a discal point, and terminal points. 

Expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19707, U.S.N.M. 


Some specimens have the fore wings pale brown. 





MACRISTIS PHAROSALIS, new species. 


Matle.—Body and fore wings whitish gray irrorated with brown, 
more thickly on abdomen above. Fore wings: Lines fine, light brown, 
the antemedial remote from base, vertical, forming three outcurves; 
postmedial deeply wavy, lunular, shghtly incurved below end of cell; 
reniform yellow, edged with dark brown; costa toward apex tinged 
with brown, cut by the subterminal dentate whitish line which below 
vein 3 is inwardly marked by some small dark gray sagittate spots; 
some brown terminal spots; cilia yellowish brown tipped with white. 
Hind wings brownish gray with faint traces of postmedial and sub- 
terminal lines. Hind wings below white mostly flecked with brown, 
the lines more distinct; terminal brown spots. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Sad Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19708, U.S.N.M. 


EUCHROMALIA, new genus. 


Female.—Antennae minutely pubescent ciliate. Palpi porrect, 
short; second joint fringed above and below; third jomt one-third 
the length of second, thick,smooth. Body stout; legs smooth, only 
the hind tibiae with short hairs. Fore wings: Outer margin rounded; 
veins 3 and 4 well apart; 5 close to 4; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8, 9 
stalked from upper angle; 10 and 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin 
slightly inbent opposite cell; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above 
angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Tarache violetta Schaus.! 


1'frans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 159. 


278 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





Genus PRORIVULA Schaus. 
Prorivula Scuavs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1918, p. 38. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint heavily fringed in 
front, reaching above vertex, third smooth, very short. Antennae 
bipectinate. Wings broad; outer margins slightly rounded. Fore 
wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9 
stalked; 10 and 11 stalked. Hind wings: Cell long; veins 3 and 4 
from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Prorivula leucosticta Schaus. 

In this genus is also: 

Prorivula rufescens Schaus=Rivula rufescens Schaus (Ann. Mag. 
Nat. Hist. ser: Svolvi1 1913) p37): 


Genus HYPENODES Guenee. 
Hypenodes GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 41. 


Palpi: Second joint long, fringed above, third short, naked, oblique. 
Antennae serrate, minutely ciliated. Legs smooth. Fore wings 
narrow; vein 3 from close to angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 
below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8 and 10 stalked; 9 absent; 
11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 a little above angle; 
6 and 7 shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Hypenodes albistrigalis Haworth. 

The genus contains: 

THypenodes modesta Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 40. 

Hypenodes dubia Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 41= Menopsimus crambiformis Dyar, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 47, 1914, p. 178. 

Hypenodes insciens Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc., 8, 1914, p. 84. 


Genus ARRADE Walker. 
Arrade WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 27, 1863, p. 82. 


Palpi obliquely porrect, moderately long; second joint hairy; asharp 
frontal tuft. Antennae minutely ciliated. Legs smooth. Fore 
wings long and narrow; apex acute; outer margin nearly straight; a 
large tuft of scales on inner margin beyond middle; 6 and 7 from 
upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from before the end of cell. Hind 
wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked or from cell; 5 from middle of disco- 
cellular; 6 and 7 stalked. 

Type of genus.—Arrade erebusalis Walker. 

The genus also contains: 

Arrade juba Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1893, 
p. 41. 

Arrade monaeses Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 42. 


No. 2182, REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 27 


ARRADE LINECITES, new species. 


Kemale.—Body whitish brown. Fore wings bone color irrorated 
with brown, the terminal space darker shaded with horizontal fuscous 
lines; a pale and indistinct postmedial line outcurved beyond cell. 
Hind wings whitish, the termen broadly suffused with grayish brown. 
Hind wings below white, partly irrorated with brown; a faint discal 
point, and fine postmedial line. 

Hapanse.—13 mm. 

Habitat— Baracoa, Cuba. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19709, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PARACROMA Dognin. 


Paracroma Doanin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 73. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching beyond thorax with long termi- 
nal tufts. Antennae smooth at base with long spreading tuft at 
one-fourth of length, beyond it clothed with short thick-set hairs 
and longer cilia. Fore tibiae hairy. Fore wings: Costa at apex 
oblique; outer margin rounded with cleft at vein 5; veins 3, 4, 5 from 
lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle terminally down curved; 8, 9, 
10 stalked from cell; 11 free; veins beyond cell clothed below with 
fine long hairs. Hind wings broad; veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 well 
above lower angle; 6 and 7 stalked. 


Type of genus.—Paracroma zamora Dognin. 
Genus OTACES Druce. 


Otaces Druce£, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 464, pl. 38, figs. 16, 16a. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, almost porrect; second joint 
very long, hairy; third joint short, upturned. Antennae minutely 
pubescent ciliate; a tuft of hairs towards tip. Fore tibiae with small 
process. Fore wings: Costa rounded at apex; outer margin pro- 
duced and with cleft below vein 3; underneath with fold on costa; a 
ridge of long upturned hairs below cell; veins 3, 4, 5 stalked; 6 from 
middle of discocellular; 7 near upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 
free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 well stalked; 5 near lower angle; 
6 and 7 shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Otaces lineata Druce. 

' The genus also contains: 
Otaces mutilum Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 72. 


ALOGONIA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching well above head; second joint 
with a very long tuft of porrect hairs in front; third joint as long 
as second thinly fringed in front. Antennae pubescent ciliate with 
a tuft of fine hairs about middle of shaft. Fore femora with long 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


fringe, legs otherwise smooth. Body slender. Fore wings: Costa 
straight, arched at apex; termen slightly inbent to vein 4, then 
sharply inbent and forming a triangular lobe at middle of inner mar- 
gin; vein 2 from near end of cell, downbent to lobe; 3, 4, 5 from 
lower angle; 6 and 7 apart; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free; the costa 
below with long downturned fringe of spatulate scales; a tuft of 
erect bristly hairs at vein 2 close to cell. Hind wings broad; costa 
straight; apex rounded; veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 
5 well above lower angle. 
Type of genus.—Alogoma perissalis Schaus. 


ALOGONIA PERISSALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and fore wings brown, the latter becoming darker 
towards lobe, which is also irrorated with some lilacine scales; lines 
darker brown; a fine antemedial line, medial shade, and post medial 
line, nearly vertical; a wavy outer line, more oblique, followed by a 
broad fuscous brown shade; orbicular and reniform small, yellow. 
Hind wings silvery white; the inner margin and termen to vein 6 
fuscous brown. Fore wings below white, the costa and apex nar- 
rowly brown; the hairs on vein 2 black. Hind wings below mottled 
white and grayish brown; a dark postmedial line; a pale outer line 
defined by darker shadings. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam; Montserrat, Trinidad. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19710, U.S.N.M. 


DIPLODIRA, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae with paired cilia and longer single cilia; a tuft of 
long hairs at one-third from base. Palpi curved back over head to 
middle of thorax; second joint thickly fringed in front, and with long 
tuft behind; third joint about one-third the length of second, mod- 
erately scaled. Fore tibiae with long narrow process; mid and hind 
legs smooth. Wings broad. Fore wings: Apex acute, subfalcate; — 
outer margin slightly angled at vein 4; a downturned ridge of 
hairs medially on costa and an upturned ridge above median vein, 
not reaching base; vein 3 before lower angle of cell; 4 from lower 
angle; 5 slightly above; 6 from near upper angle; 7 from upper 
angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer 
margin well rounded; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above; 
6 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Diplodira jamaicalis Schaus. 


DIPLODIRA JAMAICALIS, new species. 





Male.—Palpi dark brown at base becoming paler at end of 2d 
joint; 3d joint fuscous tipped with ochreous brown. Body light 
brown, the thorax dark shaded in front; also the abdomen beyond 


No. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 281 





second segment. Fore wings brown; base crossed by a fine, gemi- 
nate, wavy, antemedial line, followed by a broad dark brown fascia, 
inwardly edged by a black line; postmedial line fine, fuscous brown, 
wavily lunular, geminate; subterminal line pale, wavy, defined by 
fuscous shading, chiefly on inner side; terminal black spots on inter- 
spaces; cilia ochreous brown, crossed by a dark line. Hind wings 
gray brown; postmedial and subterminal lines pale, defined by darker 
edging. Wings below gray brown, irrorated with lilacine white; dark 
discal points; a minutely lunular, fine, outcurved postmedial line; a 
fine subterminal shade. 

This species varies considerably in color. The female is more of a 
pale reddish brown, with only a dark medial line in place of the fascia. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat— Jamaica. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19711, U.S.N.M. 


Genus THEOTINUS Druce. 
Theotinus Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 460, pl. 38, fig. 1. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved to vertex, rather slender and moderately 
hairy. Antenae pubescent ciliate with long tuft of hairs at middle. 
Legs smooth. Fore wings narrow; a large tuft of hairs on costal 
margin antemedially; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower 
angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from cell; 
11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above 
angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Theotinus virbvusalis Druce, not Walker. 


Genus LOPHODITTA Moschler. 
Lophoditta Méscuter, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 230. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, slender, reaching above head; second joint 
slightly fringed; third almost as long as second, moderately scaled. 
Antennae pubescent ciliate with tuft of hairs about middle. Fore tib- 
iae with hairy process; mid tibiae very hairy; hind femora with long 
fringe. Fore wings: Apex acute; underneath a turned-down ridge 
of hairs on costa postmedially; a tuft of long hairs on subcostal 
downturned over discocellular; cell not reaching middle of wing; vein 
3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 from a point slightly above; 6 and 7 free; 
8,9, 10 on long stalk; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle; underneath 
veins 6, 7, and 8 are partly clothed with down-turned hairs. 

Type of genus.—Lophoditta perspicillaris Méschler. This name 
sinks as a synonym of tuberculata (Physula) Herrich-Schiiffer.* 





1Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg, 1870, p. 106. 


282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vor. 50. 


Genus PHYSULODES Warren. 
Physulodes WARREN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 242. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, slender; second joint with a few longer hairs 
behind near tip; third joint half the length of second. Antennae pu- 
bescent ciliate with a small tuft of hairs at two-thirds from base. Legs 
smooth; fore tibiae with tuft of long hairs. Fore wings: Apex acute; 
outer margin rounded; medial space underneath densely clothed 
with hair; cell long; angles rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 
6 and 7 apart; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, 
and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 slightly above angle. 

Type of genus.—Physula eupithecialis Guenée.' 


Genus THURSANIA Schaus. 
Thursania Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 14. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved; third jomt shorter than second, moder- 
ately scaled. Antennae pubescent ciliate; a raised tuft on upper side 
of shaft. Fore tibiae with process. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower 
angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper 
angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 
and 7 on short stalk; 5 near lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Thursania decocta Schaus. 

Thursania is possibly equal to Berocynta Moschler,? the type of 
which, B. simplez, is a female and is unknown to me. 

The genus also contains: 

Thursania costigutta (Physula) Herrich-Schiiffer, Corr—Blatt. Re- 
gensburg, 1870, p. 107. 

Thursania lycimnia (Theotinus) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 460, pl. 38, fig. 2. 

Thursania lycas (Bertula) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 476, pl. 39, figs. 20, 20a. 

Thursania ordenalis (Renia) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 127. 

Thursania servilis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 14. 

Thursania mallalialis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 59. 

Bocana marpesia Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p- 479, pl. 40, fig. 4, female, probably belongs to this genus. 





THURSANIA ARISTARIOIDES, new species. 


Male.—Head and thorax reddish brown. Abdomen fuscous brown. 
Fore wings ocherous brown; a basal and a subbasal broader darker 
brown shade; a fine antemedial line black brown, followed by a white 





1 Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 87. 2Lep. Jamaica, 1886, p. 61. 


> 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 288 


orbicular point, and a thick medial black brown line, this latter out- 
wardly followed by dark irrorations; reniform white, inwardly dark 
edged, and containing two brown points connected by a brown line; 
postmedial fine, fuscous brown, outbent on costa, incurved opposite 
reniform, and below it; terminal space broadly fuscous brown; a 
subterminal wavy ocherous line; terminal black points outwardly 
edged with ocherous. Hind wings fuscous brown; traces of a post- 
medial ocherous line; a similar distinct subterminal line. Wings 
below with black discal poimts; a dark postmedial, and a pale sub- 
terminal line; the hind wings whitish thickly irrorated with fuscous 
brown. In this species the male palpi are very similar to those of 
Aristaria cellulalis Guenée, the 2d joint being heavily fringed in 
front, the hairs longest at tip. The 3d joint is also fringed in front 
and behind, 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19712, U.S.N.M. 

Very much like 7. costigutta Herrich-Schiffer, the palpi, however, 
being very distinct. 


THURSANIA RENILINEALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi long, upcurved; 2d joint outwardly brown; 3d 
joint yellow at base, with short black tufts beyond, more than half 
the length of 2d. Body fuscous mottled with ocherous brown shad- 
ings and lines. Fore wings fuscous brown; lines thick, yellowish; 
antemedial vertical, slightly outangled below cell; an orbicular black 
point; a fine dark brown medial line, not reaching costa; a black line 
as reniform; subterminal irregular, twice outcurved, deeply inbent 
opposite cell, between the two curves marginal triangular yellowish 
spots; a black terminal line. Hind wings gray brown; a medial, 
postmedial, and subterminal darker shade, the two latter outwardly 
edged with yellowish; a dark terminal line. Hind wmgs below 
whitish gray; a curved discocellular spot; a fine postmedial line; a 
broad dark outer shade, followed by the pale subterminal line. 

' Kxpanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—Montserrat, Trinidad. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19713, U.S.N.M. 


THURSANIA ESPIRITUALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dark brown. Fore wings faintly glossed 
with purple; costal margin straight; apex very acute; lines fine, 
wavy, of a richer brown color; costal margin irrorated with gray; a 
few scattered lilacine scales; antemedial and medial lines almost ver- 
tical; postmedial minutely wavy, slightly oblique; subterminal out- 
wardly edged by lilacine scales: a darker terminal line; reniform ob- 


984 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


lique, pear-shaped, outlined in orange brown. Hind wings slightly 
angled before anal angle, which is obtuse. Hind wings below dark 
brown irrorated with whitish gray, forming a subterminal line; a dark 
discal point, and curved postmedial line. 

The tuft of antennae is small; the palpi upcurved, the 2d joint 
reaching above vertex, the 3d half as long as 2d, both fringed behind; 
the 2d with short fringe in front. 

ixpanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Espiritu Santo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19714, U.S. N. M. 


THURSANIA VOODOALIS, new species. 





Male.—Body and fore wings ocherous brown shaded with fuscous. 
Fore wings: Fuscous spots on costa at origin of lines; basal and ante- 
medial lines very faint; a small white orbicular spot; medial shade . 
narrow, fuscous; reniform consisting of a white line with small black 
spots at each end; postmedial fine, fuscous, wavy, outcurved beyond 
cell, but slightly inbent opposite cell, outwardly pale shaded; subter- 
minal ocherous, defined by fuscous shading, which expands on inner 
side toward costa; a terminal fuscous lunular line. Hind wings dull 
grayish brown; lines minutely wavy, fuscous, the medial only on 
inner margin, the postmedial outwardly pale edged; the subterminal 
whitish ocher defined by dark shadings. Hind wings below white, 
the costal and outer margins broadly suffused with gray brown; the 
lines as above, better defined; a dark discocellular line. 

Expanse.—21 mm. 

Habitat—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19715, U.S.N.M. 


Comes nearest 7. decocta Schaus. 





THURSANIA HOBSONALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi: Second joint light’ brown; Third joint fuscous. 
Head, collar, and thorax brown, the spatulate scales tipped with whitish 
gray. Abdomen brown, more darkly irrorated, shaded with white 
at base dorsally, and with fine segmental fuscous lines. Fore wings 
bone color shaded with ocherous brown; lines and costa fuscous gray, 
the lines black on costa; basal line partly obsolete; antemedial fine, 
vertical; medial shade slightly inbent, closely following the small 
white orbicular spot; reniform large, white, containing two black 
points; postmedial fine, outcurved beyond cell; a broad dark sub- 
terminal irregular shade, divided by a pale line; terminal black spots. 
Cilia mottled whitish and gray. Hind wings dull brownish gray; 
some whitish mottlings on inner margin; lines pale, faintly indicated, 
not reaching costa. Hind wings below white irrorated with brown; 
a brown discocellular line, and well marked postmedial line. ‘The 
palpi have a triangular tuft behind at end of 2d jomt; the 3d jomt has 


no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 285 


a short fringe behind. The antennae are tufted just before middle. 
The female is duller, however, with the lines fainter. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19716, U.S.N.M. 


THURSANIA MIARALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi brown, tinged with’ fuscous at base. Head fuscous 
eray. Collar and thorax brown. Abdomen fuscous gray. Fore 
wings dark brown shaded with black; lines black, faintly inbent; 
antemedial fine, wavy; medial shade narrow; postmedial fine, very 
slightly curved, inwardly shaded with white on inner margin, with a 
few white scales otherwise, and outwardly edged with lighter brown; 
outer third of wing fuscous brown crossed by a yellowish ocher sub- 
terminal line; the spots ocherous white, the orbicular small, the reni- 
form large containing two black points. Hind wings fuscous gray; 
some white mottling on inner margin; traces of a postmedial black 
line on inner margin, outwardly white shaded; a subterminal dentate 
white line. Hind wings below white thickly irrorated with dark 
brown; a brown discal spot and postmedial line; a subterminal 
lunular dentate white line edged with dark brown. The palpi have 
the second joint well fringed in front and a long tuft of hairs behind, 
the third joint heavily scaled. The female is dwler without distinct 
markings except a fine, wavy, postmedial white line. 

zpanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19717, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to 1. hobsonalis Schaus. 


THURSANIA CHIRIQUALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi upcurved, slender, smooth, long, the third joint more 
than half the length of second. Head, thorax, and fore wings dark 
brown tinged with purple. Abdomen and hind wings dull brown. 
Fore wings: The base somewhat darker shaded; a fine dark, wavy, 
antemedial line; a black orbicular point; postmedial shade broad, 
almost fuscous, inclosing a black streak on discocellular; postmedial 
line fine, somewhat dentate, vertical from costa to vein 2, then slightly 
incurved; subterminal line, fine, irregular, inangled at vein 5, defined 
by irregular white scaling. Hind wings: A subterminal line defined 
by white scales. Fore wings below pale purplish brown; pale spots 
on veins subterminally. Hind wings below brownish thickly irrorated 
with whitish gray; a dark brown spot on discocellular; traces of a 
postmedial and outer dark line. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Chiriqui, Panama. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19718, U.S.N.M. 





286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





THURSANIA TIGURIALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings brown. Fore wings: antemedial line 
dark brown, fine, wavy, outwardly oblique from costa; a minute 
black point as orbicular; medial shade darker brown, narrow, verti- 
cal; a fine dark line on discocellular, faintly inangled; an irregular 
fine whitish ocher subterminal line, inwardly broadly shaded with 
dark brown; termen dull grayish brown; an interrupted terminal 
black line. Hind wings slightly paler; a discal pomt and dark 
postmedial line; the subterminal minutely lunular dentate, whitish 
ocher. Hind wings below whitish irrorated with gray brown; a 
black point in cell, and large spot on discocellular; the postmedial 
and subterminal lines fine, dark; an interrupted terminal black line 
on both wings. The antennae are tufted very near tips. The 
palpi are smoothly scaled, the 3d jot with very short fringe behind. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Tiguri, Carabaya, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19719, U.S.N.M. 





THURSANIA GRANDIRENALIS, new species. 


Male.—Antennal tuft before middle. Palpi upcurved, fringed 
behind, the second joint reaching just above vertex; the third joint 
half as long as second. Body and wings dark grayish brown, the lines 
clearer brown, fine, indistinct; antemedial nearly vertical and straight; 
medial line similar; postmedial outcurved around reniform, somewhat 
lunular, and outwardly edged with whitish gray on inner margin; 
subterminal very fine, partly edged outwardly with whitish gray; 
spots yellowish edged with dark brown; orbicular small, round; 
reniform large, its outer edge incurved, .and containing two black 
points. Hind wings: The darker medial line only near inner 
margin, the postmedial to near costal margin, both finely edged out- 
wardly with gray. Wings below more grayish; hind wings with fine 
streak on discocellular; a fine postmedial line; a pale subterminal 
line, indicated by dark edging. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—A male from Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19720, U.S.N.M. 


A female from La Chorrera, Panama. 





PSEUDARISTA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi porrect, the second joint fringed above and below 
with long hairs; third joint short, upturned. Antennae pubescent 
with tuft on medial third. Legs smoothly scaled. Wings long and 
narrow, the hind wings truncate at anal angle. Fore wings: Vein 
3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 287 





7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from end of cell; 11 free. Hind 
wings: Veins 3 and 4 on short stalk; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 on longer 
stalk. 

Type of genus.—Pseudarista geldersi Schaus. 

In this genus are also included: 

Pseudarista spiosalis (Herminia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
13538, p. 111. 

Pseudarisia pagasusalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1859, p. 870 =decelusalis (Renia?) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1859, p. 880=anticalis (Gizama) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1862, p. 116. 


PSEUDARISTA GELDERSI, new species. 


Male.—Tufts on antennae white and buff. Head, collar, and 
thorax dark brown. Abdomen fuscous brown. Palpi irrorated 
with white, the fringe above dark grey. Wings dull brown witha 
few scattered whitish irrorations; terminal white points preceded by 
angled dark brown dines; subterminal line whitish, dentate, faintly 
indicated. Fore wings: A very faint darker antemedial line; orbic- 
ular small, light brown; reniform large, light brown, containing two 
black points; postmedial faintly indicated, darker brown, slightly 
incurved below reniform. Hind wings: Traces of a darker post- 
medial line between viens 5 and 2; a dark spot on inner margin 
outwardly edged with white. Wings below paler, grayer; the hind 
wings irrorated with white; a dark brown line on discocellular; a 
postmedial brown line; a fine subterminal lunular white line. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19721, U.S.N.M. 


A female in the Dognin collection has no black points on reniform. 


Genus EPIPHANIS Schaus. 
Epiphanis Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 22. 


Male.—Antennae pectinated. Palpi upcurved at base and por- 
rect, the third joint turned back, slender, long, and with tufts at end. 
Forewings: Vein 3 from near lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 close 
above angle; 6 near upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked 
from cell. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7, on short stalk; 
5 from near lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Epiphanis esperanzalis Schaus. 


CLONIATARPHES, new genus. 
Male.—Antennae pectinated, the pectinations thick, terminating 
in along cilia. Palpi long, upcurved; the second joint partly tufted 
behind; third joint half the length of second, shortly scaled, with large 
triangular tuft behind. Legs smoothly scaled; fore tibiae with small 


288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 








process. Wings broad. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 
from lower angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 
from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from cell; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 close to lower angle; 6 and 7 stalked. 

Type of genus.—Cloniatarphes carunalis Schaus. 


CLONIATARPHES CARUNALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings light brown, mottled 
with dark brown; abdomen and hind wings dull gray brown. Fore 
wings: The mottlings consisting to a great extent of dark striae; 
antemedial line fine, indistinct, outangled in cell; a vertical dark 
medial shade; a round dark shade as reniform; an outcurved puncti- 
form postmedial line; subterminal wavy, yellow brown, darkly edged; 
terminal black points; cilia dark greyish, with still darker spots. 
Hind wings: A fine dark postmedial line; subterminal line yellowish 
white. Fore wings below gray brown; a postmedial and a subter- 
minal line on costa. Hind wings below bone white irrorated with 
brown; a dark point in cell; a dark spot on discocellular, containing 
a pale line; a minutely wavy postmedial line; the subterminal pale, 
defined by dark edging. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—P etropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19722, U.S.N.M. 


Genus MASTIGOPHORUS Poey. 
Mastigophorus Pory, Centurie de Lep. de Cuba, pt. 1, 1832. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, sharply angled back, reaching 
thorax. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; a tuft on fore 
tibiae. Wings narrow. Forewings: Apex acute; outer margin 
inbent below vein 5; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 close to upper 
angle; 7 from upper angle or stalked with 8, 9, and 10; 11 free. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 on long stalk; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 
7 stalked. 

Type of genus.— Mastigophorus parra Poey. 

The following species may be referred also to this genus: 

Mastigophorus latipennis Herrich-Schiffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg 
1870, p. 105. Unknown to me. 

Mastigophorus demissalis Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 233. 
Unknown to me. 

Mastigophorus evadnealis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol It 1913, p- 7. 

Mastigophora marima Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, pl. 
126, fig. 11. Does not belong here, owing to the tufted antennae. 
The species is unknown to me. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 289 





MASTIGOPHORUS AUGUSTUS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, thorax, and forewings dark purplish brown; 
abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings: Lines fine, fuscous brown; 
antemedial thicker on costa, outbent to orbicular, inset on median 
and outcurved; orbicular round, black, containing a bright brown 
point; a broad fuscous brown medial shade from cell to inner margin; 
reniform black, cut by an angled bright brown line; postmedial out- 
bent, angled at vein 4, incurved, lunular dentate, outwardly pale 
edged; subterminal buff, firiely dark edged, oblique from costa to 
termen at vein 4; some narrow terminal fuscous brown shading 
followed by a buff line; a small tuft on inner margin near base. 
Hind wings whitish at base irrorated with brown, shading to fuscous 
brown on termen; an outer dark line, wavy, outbent to near termen 
on vein 3, forming a lunule to vein 2, and inbent to inner margin; 
the termen below vein 3 slightly incurved, truncated. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19723, U.S.N.M. 

The female has the inner dark shading of subterminal extended to 
inner margin from termen at vein 4; the hind wings are normal, 
more evenly brown, with darker postmedial and subterminal lines. 


MASTIGOPHORUS NOMIUS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi bistre brown; head and thorax slightly darker. 
Abdomen fuscous brown, paler shaded at base. Fore wings bistre 
brown; base limited by an outcurved dark brown antemedial line; 
space to postmedial fuscous gray shaded with dark brown below cell, 
between antemedial and a still darker medial brown line, obsolescent 
above median; a pale brown line on discocellular, darker edged; post- 
medial obliquely outcurved, angled at vein 4, wavily inbent, out- 
wardly pale edged; space to subterminal grayish; subterminal yellow 
buff, straight, oblique to termen below vein 4, then incurved to inner 
margin near tornus; a fuscous terminal line, macular toward apex. 
Median, also veins 3 and 4 buff. Hind wings grayish brown, darker 
shaded on inner margin, a faint darker postmedial line, outwardly 
pale edged; subterminal yellow buff, outwardly dark shaded; the outer 
margin deeply incurved between vein 2 and anal angle. 

Expanse.—18 min. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19724, U.S.N.M. 

The female is similar to the male, but the outer margin of hind 
wing is normal. 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——19 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





MASTIGOPHORUS MAJORALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brownish gray. Abdo- 
men whitish gray. Fore wings: Costal margin darker shaded; 
antemedial line whitish ocher, outcurved and indistinct, contiguous 
on margins to medial fuscous brown shade which is more deeply out- 
curved and absorbs the small reddish brown orbicular spot; reniform 
narrow, sinuous, brown black, divided by a bright brown line; post- 
medial pale like antemedial, oblique, only faintly incurved beyond 
cell; a wavy, whitish, subterminal line; a narrow terminal brown 
shade, widest near apex. Hind wings whitish; a gray brown streak 
on vein 2, expanding broadly on termen where the whitish subter- 
minal line is distinct; on white portion of wing this line is indicated 
by dark edging. Underneath the subterminal line is broader, some- 
what yellowish, and almost macular. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19725, U.S.N.M. 


MASTIGOPHORUS JAMAICALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings purplish brown. Fore wings: Antemedial 
line grayish, outcurved, the costa beyond it darker shaded, the space 
below cell browner; a broad white line on discocellular, widest behind; 
postmedial grayish ocher outbent to vein 4, angled, and wavily 
inbent to inner margin, inwardly shaded with brighter brown; sub- 
terminal yellow brown, parallel with postmedial, angled at termen, 
followed by some black scaling between veins 6 and 8; a terminal 
bright brown line. Hind wings: Base to beyond middle, except the 
inner margin, white; a pale outer line, inbent below vein 2; termen 
faintly crenulate; produced at vein 5, inbent at vein 2. Wings below 
dark gray, the inner areas broadly white; a postmedial fine dark line. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.— Jamaica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19726, U.S.N.M. 





Genus MARGITES Druce. 
Margites Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer. Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 480, pl. 40, figs. 5, 5a. 


Male.—Palpi turned back over head to thorax; second joint with 
long fringe of spatulate scales in front; third joint with long hairs on 
inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae 
with long process. Fore wings narrow; apex acute; outer margin 
incurved below apex and angled at vein 4; vein 3 a little before angle; 
4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 
8,9, 10 stalked from cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin rounded, 


NO. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 29] 





truncate at anal angle; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 well 
above angle. 

Female.—Palpi very long, slightly ascending, narrow and deeply 
fringed. 

Type of genus.— Margites bugaba Druce. 


NYCTIPOLIA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi curved back to thorax behind; third joint longer than 
second, with long hairs on inner side; first joint fringed with long 
hairs below. Fore legs hairy with long process at base of tibia. 
Fore wings: Outer margin oblique at tornus; inner margin medially 
convex; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from 
upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from well before end of cell; 11 free; 
basal third of costa below with fringed fold. Hind wings: Outer 
margin incurved before anal angle, which is produced at vein 2; 
inner margin rounded; veins 3 and 4 on short stalk; 5 close to lower 
angle; 6 and 7 on longer stalk. All the veins are slightly curved. 

Type of genus.—Nyctipolia vncondita Schaus. 


NYCTIPOLIA INCONDITA, new species. 


Male.—Head and thorax fuscous brown; hairs on inner side of 
third jomt of palpi white; patagia shaded with golden bronze. 
Abdomen above dark brown, underneath yellowish; tarsi brown 
circled with yellowish white. Fore wings dark brown, lines and 
shadings fuscous brown; a spot at base of cell; antemedial inangled 
on submedian, outset below submedian, inwardly shaded with 
lighter brown; a broad medial shade; a long pale line on discocellular; 
postmedial line fine, irregular, almost vertical, outwardly paler 
shaded; subterminal lighter brown, irregular, remote from termen; 
an interrupted fuscous terminal line. Hind wings brown, paler 
shaded on costa and below vein 5; a fuscous shade from cell, along 
vein 6 to near termen; postmedial and subterminal fuscous lines on 
inner margin, outwardly shaded with yellowish white; fuscous brown 
terminal shadings. Wings below white. Fore wings: Costa finely 
fuscous brown; apical area tinged with brown; a dark postmedial 
line on costa, and subterminal shade inbent, outset below 7, both 
outwardly shaded with yellowish white, the latter not reaching vein 5. 
Hind wings: A fine dark streak on discocellular; postmedial and 
subterminal fuscous spots on costa, between veins 6 and 5, and on 
inner margin. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Halitat.—St. Laurent, Maroni River. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19728, U.S.N.M. 

Simplicia anysis Druce, (Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 448, pl. 36, figs. 20, 20a, male), will come near here, requir- 


992 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 








ing a new genus. The palpi are recurved overhead, the third joint 
tufted with long hairs on inner side. The antennae are serrate with 
long bristles and cilia. Fore wings with veins 8, 9, 10 stalked; 7 
from cell. (According to Sir G. Hampson.) 


Genus PALTHIS Hubner. 


Palthis HispNer, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 342. 
Clanyma GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 94. 
Mardara WaLKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 157. 

Male.—Palpi upeurved, smooth, close to head; third joint reaching 
beyond thorax, with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent 
ciliate. Legs smooth; fore legs very long, the tibiae with hairy 
process. Wings narrow. Fore wings: pox acute; outer margin 
obliquely rounded; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above 
angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7 from upper angle or stalked with 8, 
9, and 10; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 
5 near lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Palthis angulalis Hiibner= Mardara aracinthusalis 
Walker. 

The genus includes also the following species: 

Palthis spectalis (Clanyma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 95= 
insignalis (Bertula) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 246. 
Veins 7-10 stalked. 

Palthis asopialis (Clanyma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p. 96. 
Veins 7 or 8-10 stalked. 

Palthis agroteralis (Clanyma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p. 96. 
Veins 7 or 8-10 stalked. 

Palthis mophisalis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, 
p. 843. Veins 7-10 stalked. 

Palthis bizialis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus.; vol. 19, 1859, 
p- 865=yuntasalis (Palthis) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sad: fasc. 8, 1914, 
p. 54, Veins 7-10 stalked. 

Palthis auca Moschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 476. This 
species is unknown to me. 

Palthis calcalis Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 129. 
Veins 7-10 stalked. 

Palthis cuboealis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 10. - Veins 8-10 stalked. 

Palthis aeacalis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1913, p. 10. 
Veins 7, or 8-10 stalked. 

Palthis submarginata Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1913, 
p- 11. Veins 8-10 stalked. 

Palthis lineata Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Vola Ll. 1O13 pei. 
Veins 8-10 stalked. 

Palthis hieronymus Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1913, 
p. 12. Veins 8-10 stalked. 





No, 2132. RHVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 293 


Palthis caleabilis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 53. 
Veins 7-10 stalked. 

Palthis obliqualis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 53. 
Veins 7-10 stalked. 

Palthis oconoguensis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 54. 
Veins 7-10 stalked. 

Palthis argenteicincta Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 54. 
Unknown to me. 

Palthis incuriosa Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 219. 

Palthis angustipennis, new species. Veins 7-10 stalked. 

Palthis serapealis, new species. Veins 8-10 stalked. 

Palthis misantlalis, new species. Male: 7-10 stalked. Female: 
8-10 stalked. 

Bleptina phocionalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, p. 128. Can 
be placed temporarily under Palthis. 


PALTHIS ANGUSTIPENNIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dark slate color; a gray shade at end of 
cell extending to termen, interrupted by an inbent bright brown line 
edged with fuscous on discocellular; an indistinct buff antemedial 
inbent ne, somewhat thicker just below cell; postmedial fine, buff, 
outcurved beyond cell; an oblique buff line from costa to termen at 
vein 5, beyond which the apex is velvety brown black; a faint line of 
buff scales near termen from vein 5 to inner margin; a buff line at 
base of cilia. Hind wings brownish gray; a dark shade at vein 2 
expanding on termen, which is slightly truncated from vein 2 to anal 
angle; traces of a postmedial line; cilia dark brown from apex to 
vein 2, then grayish. Hind wings below with dark discocellular 
streaks and postmedial line; a fine marginal whitish gray line. 

Expanse.—19 mm. 

Hatbitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19729, U.S.N.M. 

Possibly only a variety of P. bizialis Walker 


PALTHIS SERAPEALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax lilacine slate color. Abdomen 
light grayish brown above. Fore wings lilacine slate color tinged 
with brown; a broad, dark-brown medial shade curved and inbent on 
inner margin; reniform velvety black brown, oblique, divided by a 
yellowish line, preceded by some whitish-gray scales in cell, followed 
by a yellowish streak to subterminal line; postmedial angular, dark 
brown, fine, outwardly edged with yellowish; subterminal yellowish 
white, wavy, angular, to tornus; a marginal yellow line from below 
apex, incurved somewhat opposite cell and limiting the narrow 
black-brown termen; cilia fuscous gray. Hind wings dark brown; 
costa whitish, not reaching termen; some pale shading on inner mar- 


294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL.50. 





gin; postmedial line short, outwardly pale shaded; a fine subter- 
minal white line; a terminal thick, black-brown line, inwardly partly 
edged with yellowish. Fore wings below: inner margin broadly whit- 
ish; a dark streak through cell, and apex fuscous brown; termen 
and costa postmedially yellowish; brown shading defining a wavy 
subterminal line. Hind wings below irrorated with brown, thickly 
on costa; termen broadly fuscous brown crossed by a fine sub- 
terminal white line; a dark spot on discocellular and a postmedial 
line. 

EKzpanse.—21 mm. 

Habitat—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19730, U.S.N.M. 

The female is larger and very similar to the male; the terminal 
brown shade on fore wing is usually much reduced. This species has 
usually been confounded with P. spectalis Guenée. 

It may possibly be Palthis insignalis Walker, described from an 
unknown locality, and which is placed in the British Museum collec- 
tion as a synonym of P. spectalis Guenée. I doubt whether we know 
the true spectalis. Guenée’s description does not agree with the 
figure on plate 9, No. 1. 


PALTHIS MISANTLALIS, new species. 


Male-—Body and fore wings fuscous gray. Fore wings: A very 
faint trace of a medial black shade; reniform inbent, velvety black- 
brown, crossed by a pale brown line; a whitish line from cell across 
reniform to near termen; postmedial line, well beyond reniform, fine, 
whitish, outcurved, almost angled opposite cell, then inbent to inner 
margin; subterminal fine, whitish, outcurved from costa, not touch- 
ing termen; apex and termen to vein 5 fuscous brown, as in P. bizialis 
Walker; cilia fuscous gray, with a pale line at base. Hind wings 
whitish, suffused with fuscous gray, forming a distinct postmedial 
line and subterminal shade, outwardly cut by a pale line; the termen - 
darkest between veins 4 and 2. Fore wings below fuscous gray; 
inner margin white, with traces of medial and postmedial lines; a 
subterminal pale line from costa. Hind wings below white, irrorated 
with fuscous gray; a dark discal point, and postmedial line; termen 
broadly dark, cut by a wavy subterminal white line. 

Female-—Browner. Fore wings: A fine, outcurved antemedial 
line; a narrow, dark medial shade; postmedial fine, outcurved; a pale 
shade from cell, through discocellular to termen; the reniform nar- 
rower, less oblique; the subterminal wavily dentate, vertical; no 
dark apical space, only some terminal brown shading. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Misantla, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19731, U.S.N.M. 


No. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 295 


Genus PHYSULA Guenée. 


Physula GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 86. 

Metacinia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 19183, p. 18. (Type, M. 

limonalis Schaus.) 

Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching well above head; second joint 
well fringed above; third joint half the length of second with a few 
long scales. Antennae pubescent, ciliate. Body slender. Legs 
smooth; fore tibiz: with process and tuft of long flocculent hairs. 
Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 close to 
lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from 
upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind 
wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 above lower 
angle. 

Type of genus.—Physula migralis Guenée,=Hypena sabbasalis 
Walker." 

This genus also contains the following species: 

Physula anchisa (Neoherminia?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 473, pl. 39, fig. 10. 

Physula margotalis (Bleptina) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1906, 
vol. 30, p. 122. 

Physula rona (Megachyta) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 9, 1912, p. 211. 


PHYSULA ALBIPUNCTILLA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brown, tinged with 
olive. Abdomen dark gray brown. Fore wings: Lines very faintly 
darker and indistinct; an antemedial, a medial, angled at reniform, 
and a wavy postmedial line; orbicular and reniform as white points; 
a subterminal vertical line, very slightly irregular, white or gray 
suffusing with terminal space which is also white or gray. Hind 
wings duller, grayer, with the subterminal white line from vein 2 to 
vein 5. Hind wings below whitish gray irrorated with brown on 
costa and termen; a dark discal spot, postmedial, and outer lines. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19732, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from M. limonalis Schaus, by its smaller size, white orbic- 
ular and different markings below. 


PHYSULA ARISTINA, new species. 


Male-—Body and wings dull dark brown. Fore wings faintly 
tinged with lilacine; the costa and termen slightly darker shaded; 
lines fine, brighter brown; antemedial slightly outbent on costa, 


1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 844. 


296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL.50. 





vertical below cell; orbicular a small light brown-spot darkly edged; 
a fine medial vertical shade; reniform large, constricted in front, 
light brown, containing two fuscous brown spots; postmedial and 
subterminal lunular, parallel, faintly incurved below vein 4, out- 
wardly edged with some grayish scales, chiefly on subterminal; a 
lunular fuscous brown terminal line. Hind wings: A few grayish 
scales below vein 2; a small white and brown spot on inner margin 
near angle. Wings below fuscous brown; a subterminal lunular 
fine gray line, partly obsolete on fore wings. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19733, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSULA CRISTINA, new species. 


Female.—Body and wings dark olive brown, the lines fine, fuscous. 
Fore wings: The costa darker shaded; antemedial faintly wavy, 
vertical; medial line very indistinct; reniform lighter brown, in- 
curved, edged and divided by dark lines; postmedial outcurved on 
costa, then wavy and slightly inbent; subterminal whitish points 
on veins. Hind wings: Traces of a postmedial dark line; a few 
subterminal white points. Wings below dark gray brown; a dark 
postmedial line; a point on discocelluar of hind wing. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Carillo, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19734, U.S.N.M. 

Near Physula aristina Schaus. 


PHYSULA INSCITALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dull grayish brown, the markings darker, 
browner, indistinct. Fore wings: A fine antemedial line; a medial 
shade, more distinct in the female; orbicular a point; reniform 
darkly outlined, sinuous; postmedial line outcurved, partly puncti- 
form; subterminal consisting of a yellowish line on costa, and irregu- 
lar spots below, the latter inwardly shaded with dark brown; termi- 
nal dark brown points. Hind wings: Traces of brown lines above 
angle on inner margin; an interrupted terminal line. Hind wings 
below whitish, irrorated with brown; a dark line on discocellular; a 
fine postmedial line; a subterminal pale line, inwardly dark shaded. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19735, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSULA PAGANACALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi upeurved, long; second joint with longer hairs be- 
hind; third joint nearly as long as second, acute, more smoothly 
sealed, with only a few long hairs behind. Head, collar, thorax, and 
fore wings dull dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with some whitish 


No. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. -297 


nrorations. Fore wings: Cesta finely yellowish; .antemedial fine, 
black, very oblique to near middle of inner margin, and irregular; 
postmedial fine, black, lunular dentate, and wavy, almost vertical; 
orbicular a small oblique white spot; reniform small, black brown, 
with some pale scales on inner edge; subterminal fine, almost straight, 
ochreous, edged narrowly with brown; the terminal space ocherous 
brown, darker shaded on costa and between veins 2 and 5; small 
terminal black lunular spots. Hind wings: A marginal whitish line 
from veins 4-2; cilia ochreous, shaded with brown at base. Hind 
wings below thickly mottled brown and white; a dark brown disco- 
cellular spot, and a very fine, wavy, postmedial line; subterminal 
white, well marked, angled at termen below vein 2; a subterminal 
white line on costa of fore wing. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat.—Coatepec, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19736, U.S.N.M. 


PHYSULA(?) ECUADORALIS, new species. 





Female.—Body whitish brown. Wings white. Fore wings faintly 
tinged with brown, somewhat striated with grayish brown; basal 
and subbasal gray brown, lunular, lines; a similar antemedial line, 
better defined; a broad shade on costa suffusing in front with post- 
medial shade from costa, which is narrow otherwise, and wavily out- 
curved, closely followed by a broader wavy shade somewhat inter- 
rupted at vein 5; the base of cilia on interspaces fuscous. Fore 
wings below brownish gray. Hind wings below with grayish discal 
spot, postmedial, and subterminal lunular lines. 

Hupanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat—Kcuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19737, U.S.N.M. 

This is doubtfully a Physula. The palpi are upcurved, very long 
and slender, naked, and acuminate. 


BRADUNIA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching well above vertex, smoothly 
scaled; third joint two-thirds as long as second. Antennae pubescent. 
Legs smoothly scaled. Body stout, wings broad. Fore wings: 
Veins 3, 4, 5 close together; veins 6 and 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 
stalked from end of cell; 11 free; cell rather short. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from near lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper 
angle. 

Type of genus.—Bradunia improba Schaus. 

To this genus the following species may also be referred: 

Bradunia macella Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 89. 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





BRADUNIA IMPROBA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi dark brown; tips of jomts white, the third irrorated 
with white. Head, collar, and thorax whitish irrorated with brown. 
Abdomen light brown. Fore wings whitish tinged with brown; 
costa to postmedial more darkly shaded; antemedial line thick, 
white, edged with fine brown lines; a straight black line on disco- 
cellular, preceded by a brown shade from below cell to costa; post- 
medial line brown, inbent on costa, then outbent, sinuous opposite 
cell, and wavily incurved below vein 4, followed by a whitish shade, 
and traces of a second brown line; outer margin broadly shaded 
with dark greyish brown; traces of a dark subterminal line, indicated 
by pale shadings outwardly; terminal black spots. Hind wings dull 
brownish grey, paler tinged on inner margin; cilia long, dark shaded. 

Expanse.—Male, 18 mm.; female, 21 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19738, U.S.N.M. 


BRADUNIA COSTIGUTTA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi whitish ocher, laterally shaded with black except 
at end of second joint and base of third joint. Head grayish ocher. 
Collar, thorax, and fore wings whitish ocher with brown irrorations. 
Abdomen brownish gray with pale segmental lines. Fore wings: 
Space below subcostal and from base to postmedial line tinged with 
lilacine; brown subbasal, medial, and outer spots on costa; a fine irreg- 
ular antemedial line; a brown medial shade across reniform suffusing 
with postmedial below cell; reniform an angled velvety black line 
partly obsolete; postmedial fine, outcurved, followed by an evenly 
curved outer brown shade; terminal space gray with traces of a 
darker subterminal shade; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind 
wings dull grayish brown. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19739, U.S.N.M. 


BRADUNIA GUANABANA, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings, light ocher brown 
with a few darker irrorations. Abdomen whitish ocher, similarly 
irrorated, and with a basal tuft tipped with black. Fore wings: A 
black antemedial macular line; postmedial a streak on costa, then 
punctiform, black, preceded on inner side by a broad brown shade; 
subterminal black spots irrorated with white placed on a dark gray 
shade; the veins terminally brown; terminal black points on inter- 
spaces, the one at tornus larger. Hind wings whitish gray, the 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 299 





termen darker. Hind wings below white with a few brown irrora- 
tions; a black discal point. 

Expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19740, U.S.N.M. 





Genus HETEROGRAMMA Guenée. 


Heterogramma GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 91. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching above collar, well scaled; third 
joint with long tuftsin front. Antenne pubescent ciliate. Legs long 
and slender; fore tibiae with process. Fore wings: Costa straight, 
apex acute; outer margin produced; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 
near upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper 
angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 8 and 4 stalked; 5 near lower 
angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. Rarely vein 7 is shortly stalked with 
8, 9, and 10. 

Type of genus.—Heterogramma circumflexalis Guenée= bleptina 
bogusalis Walker !=Bleptina caepiosalis Walker ?=Bleptina ceusals 
Walker.’ 

The following species are also referred to this genus: 

Heterogramma micculalis Guenée (Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 92). Un- 
known to me. 

Heterogramma terminalis (Mastigophorus) Herrich-Schaffer (Corr.- 
Blatt, Regensburg, 1870, p. 105). 


DUSPONERA, new genus. 


Female.—Palpi long, upcurved, slender, reaching middle of thorax; 
second joint densely but shortly scaled; third joint smooth, acute. 
Antennae with minute bristles. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings 
moderately broad; apex acute; outer margin incurved below apex, 
produced and rounded at vein 4 and inwardly oblique; veins 3, 4, 5 
equally apart; 6 from below upper angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 
10 stalked from end of cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin 
slightly rounded; anal angle truncated; veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 
5 from close to lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Dusponera fannia Schaus. 

Also referable to this genus is: 

Dusponera semifalcata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 48. 


DUSPONERA FANNIA, new species. 
Female-—Body and wings dull greyish brown. Abdomen with 


pale segmental lines. Fore wings faintly tinged with purplish to 
postmedial line; lines fine, black; antemedial dentate, slightly out- 





1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 863. 2Tdem, p. 866. 3Tdem, p. 868. 


300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





bent below cell; orbicular a black point; reniform defined by a vertical 
line inwardly and some spots outwardly; postmedial line deeply 
lunular dentate; faint terminal spots on interspaces; cilia light brown. 
Hind wings: A dark straight postmedial line; a short subterminal 
line at anal angle. Fore wings below: Postmedial line almost straight; 
a subterminal line on costa. Hind wings below whitish grey, finely 
irrorated with light brown; a dark discal point; postmedial line fine, 
dentate; subterminal dentate, partly obsolete. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19741, U.S.N.M. 





UZOMATHIS, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved to well above head, slender, moderately 
scaled. Antennae pubescent with minute cilia. Legs slender, 
smoothly scaled, the forelegs with process. Wings narrow. Fore 
wings: Apex rounded; outer margin obliquely rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 
equally apart from lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle; 8-10 
stalked from end of cell; 11 free; Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from 
lower angle; 5 from well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Uzomathis dissensa Schaus. 


UZOMATHIS DISSENSA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dark slate color. Fore wings: A black 
basal line followed on costa by a pale annular spot; antemedial line 
pale, indistinct, outcurved; medial space darker tinged; an incurved 
yellow line on discocellular followed by a fuscous brown streak to 
postmedial, which is pale, fine, and indistinct, deeply outcurved be- 
yond cell, straight and inbent from vein 3 to innermargin; asubapical 
yellowish line from costa to termen at vein 4. Hind wings shaded 
with fuscous terminally near anal angle, traces of a pale outer line 
preceded by a darker shade. Wings below dull dark gray. 

Kxpanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19742, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DYSPERALIS Warren. 


Dysperalis WARREN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, vol. 8, 1891, p. 64. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching frons; second joint fringed in 
front; third joint short, acute. Antennae minutely ciliated. Legs 
smooth; spurs on hind tibiae long. Wings geometridlike. Fore 
wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle, equally apart; 6 below upper 
angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: 


NO. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3801 


Veins 3 and 4fromlowerangle; 5 wellaboveangle; 6 and 7 from upper 
angle. 

Type of genus.—Dysperalis illocata Warren. 

Although Warren described this species from an unknown locality, 
the type is labeled as from North America. 


Genus LEPTERIA Schaus. 
Lepteria Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 44. 


Male.—Palpi porrect, hairy, twice the length of head, fringed above 
with longer hairs at base. Antennae ciliated. Legs smoothly scaled. 
Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin oblique; vein 3 near lower 
angle; 4 from angle; 5 near angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper 
angle; 8,9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 
3 and 4 stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 on short stalk. 

Type of genus.—Rhyncholita? viridicosta Schaus.! 

Also included in this genus is: 

Lepteria parallela Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 88. 


Genus HYPENOPSIS Dyar. 
Hypenopsis Dyar, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 44, 1913, p. 296. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint thickly scaled; third 
joint upturned, half aslongassecond,smooth, acute. Antennae shortly 
ciliated. Legs smooth; tibiae short. Wings narrow. Fore wings: 
Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper 
angle; 7 from upper angle; 8, 9, 10 stalked from cell; 11 free. Hind 
wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 from near middle of dis- 
cocellular. 

Type of genus.—Hy penodes macula Druce.* 


HYPENOPSIS ? FLUALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and fore wings brownish bone color irrorated 
with brown. Fore wings: A broken subbasal black line; an inbent 
black line from near middle of costa inwardly edged with clear 
bone color from cell to inner margin; a very fine outcurved post- 
medial line; a fine subterminal pale line preceded by irregular black 
blotches; termen shaded with dark slate gray; terminal black 
spots with outwardly yellowish points. Hind wings dark gray. 

Expanse.—10 mm. 

Habitat.—Trinidad River, Panama. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19743, U.S.N.M. 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 202. 
2 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 441, pl. 36, fig. 1. 





302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





Differs from typical Hypenopsis in haying the third joint of palpi 
very short. 
HYPENOPSIS ? MUSALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings greenish yellow, 
probably green when fresh. Abdomen fuscous gray; anal hairs 
luteous. Fore wings: Basal fourth of costa black; markings black; 
a wavy outcurved antemedial line followed by triangular spots on 
costa and inner margin; a curved line on discocellular; a fine post- 
medial line, outcurved beyond cell, lunular dentate; a subterminal 
black shade wide on costa, narrowing opposite cell, and expanding 
near tornus; cilia whitish with large greenish gray spots at termen. 
Hind wings grayish. 

Expanse.—11 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19744, U.S.N.M. 

Differs from Hypenopsis in having the long slender palpi and 
serrate antennae of Trachysmatis Schaus. 


NEOPTISTA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending with triangular tuft above; 
third joint minute, concealed. Antennae pubescent. Fore wings 
moderately broad; apex acute; outer margin obliquely rounded; 
veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 below upper angle; 7 from upper 
angle; 8, 9,10 on long stalk from end of cell; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Neoptista villalis Schaus. 

The following species is also included in this genus: 

Neoptista lorna (Thalpochares?) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soe., 
vol. 30, 1904, p. 162. 


NEOPTISTA VILLALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head and collar lilacine brown. Thorax and fore wings 
purplish. Abdomen grayish brown above. Fore wings: A black 
point as orbicular and one as reniform; a postmedial dark line, 
slightly curved on costa, inbent to middle of inner margin, almost 
straight, followed by a broad fuscous shade between submedian 
fold and vein 3; a wavy subterminal line, black, inwardly edged 
with grayish white; terminal black spots; cilia shaded with fuscous. 
Hind wings whitish, suffused with pale brown; terminal gray points. 
Fore wings below gray, hind wings white; terminal black points; 
a discocellular spot on hind wings. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19745, U.S.N.M. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 303 





PANARENIA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi long porrect, second joint with angled fringe above; 
third joint very short. Antennae with tuft of long hairs toward 
end, followed by cilia. Fore tibia with short process at base. Fore 
wings triangular, outer margin straight; cell short; veins 2, 3, 
and 4 close together from lower angle; 5 from near middle of disco- 
cellular; 6 near upper angle; 7-10 stalked from upper angle; 11 
free; a long tuft of hairs on median vein near end of cell below. 
Hind wings broad; cell short; veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 
from middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked. 

Type of genus.—Panarenia subhirsuta Schaus. 


PANARENIA SUBHIRSUTA, new species. 





Male.—Palpi brown. Head, collar, and thorax dark brown. 
Abdomen dull dark brown. Body below and legs dark brown 
irrorated with white; fore tibiae and tarsi light brown. Fore wings 
dark brown; the costa finely deep yellow; lines indistinct, fine, 
fuscous, not reaching extreme costa; antemedial and medial lines 
vertical, the latter crossing discocellular; postmedial not traceable; 
a few subterminal and terminal bluish white scales. Hind wings 
fuscous brown; cilia tipped with golden brown. Fore wings below 
dull greyish brown; the tuft on median buff white; some bluish white 
irrorations on costa, outer margin, and at apex; a subterminal whitish 
line on costa. Hind wings dark brown irrorated with bluish white, 
leaving a streak on discocellular; medial, postmedial, and subterminal 
lines clear. 

Fxpanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat—Santo Domingo, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19746, U.S.N.M. 


Kindly presented to me by Mr. Dognin. 
a! 7 5 
MICRAMMA, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae pubescent, with tuft at four-fifths of length. 
Palpi porrect, three times the length of head; second joint with 
short triangular tuft above; third jomt short. Fore tibiae with small 
process. Fore wings: Costa straight; apex acute; outer margin 
rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 close together; 6 near upper angle; 7-10 
stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 
shortly stalked; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Micramma croceicosta Schaus. 

There is also included in this genus the following species: 

Micramma candalis (Bleptina) Schaus.! 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 121. 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


MICRAMMA CROCEICOSTA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi brown fringed above with buff. Head, collar, and 
thorax dark brown; yellowish lines from vertex across collar and 
shoulders. Abdomen fuscous with paler segmental shades terminally. 
Fore wings brown, the lines darker brown; costal margin yellowish; 
a few black scales antemedially on costal edge; the lines from sub- 
costal; the antemedial vertical, lunular; the medial across end of 
cell, followed by a fine greyish line on discocellular; the postmedial 
lunular, slightly inbent; the subterminal lunular, partly shaded out- 
wardly with greyish white scales; a fine lunular terminal line; cilia 
yellowish spotted with brown. Hind wings duil brown; traces of a 
subterminal grey line; a darker terminal line. Hind wings below 
grey thickly irrorated with brown, a fuscous brown spot in cell, and 
one on discocellular; a fine tunular postmedial line. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19747, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BUCINNA Walker. 


Bucinna WatxKeER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 35, 1866, p. 1983; new name for Betousa _ 
Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1208, preoccupied. 


Palpi porrect, third joint down bent, one-third as long as second. 
Antennae pubescent. Forewings acute; veins 3, 4, 5 close together 
from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from 
upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly 
stalked; 5 above angle. 

Type of genus.—Betousa divisalis Walker. 

The following species may be referred also to this genus: 

Bucinna? obagitalis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 50. 

Genus PTEROPRISTA Warren. 


Pteroprista WARREN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 256. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved to collar, smooth; third joint with long 
hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent. Fore legs with short and 
narrow process. Fore wings narrow; costa straight; apex acute; 
outer margin angled below vein 5, then oblique with cleft below 
vein 4; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle, approxi- 
mated; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 near lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Pteroprista metallica Warren. 





NO. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 805 





Genus ARGANIA Drucee. 


Argania Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 480, pl. 40, figs. 6, 6a, 7. 

Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching middle of thorax; second joint 
smooth; third joint with long hairs on inner side from base. Antennae 
with tuft at middie, the terminal portion ciliate. Legs smooth; fore 
tibiae with process; hind tibiae with short fringe above. Fore wings: 
The costa abruptly arched at base, concave medially; raised hairy 
scales antemedially in cell, followed by long downturned scales on 
subcostal; cell short; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart; 
6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from near end of cell; 11 free. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 well above 
lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Argania pilosa Druce. 

The following species may also be referred to this genus: 

Argania albimacula Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 71. 


Genus PHLYCTAINA MoOschler. 
Phlyctaina Méscuter, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 228. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved to above vertex; second joint shortly 
fringed in front and behind; third joint smcother, half the length of 
second. Antennae pubescent ciliate with tuft at one-third from base. 
Legs smooth; fore tibiae with long process. J‘ore wings broad; costa 
concave at base, then arched; apex acute; a large downturned tuft 
of hairs on costa medially, cell short; veins, 3, 4, 5 near together from 
lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 
11 free, curved. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly 
stalked; 5 above angle. 

Type of genus.—Phlyctaina irrigualis Méschler, = Nodaria griseirena 
Hampson. ! 

Genus SITOPHORA Guenée. 
Sitophora GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 74. 


Male.—Palpi upturned; second joint reaching above vertex, almost 
vertical, moderately scaled; third joint long, turned back, with long 
hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smoothly 
scaled. Fore wings: A downturned ridge of hairs on costa medially; 
vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper 
angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 
6 and 7 stalked; 5 above lower angle; a vesicle at base of costal 
margin. 

Type of genus.—Sitophora vesiculalis Guenée,= Bocana lycaste 
Druce?= Hydrillodes totafusca Kaye.* 








1 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 225, pl. 17, fig. 13. 
2 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 478, pl. 39, figs. 28, 28a, 29. 
3 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 133, pl. 5, fig. 4. 


10600°—Proe,N.M,vol,50—16 20 





306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





The following species may also be included in this genus: 

Sitophora ®% sueralis (Tortricodes) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 
73. This species has a tuft on costal margin. and the outer margin 
is excised below apex. 


Genus ARISTARIA Guenée. 


Aristaria GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 70. 

Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching thorax. Antennae pubescent 
ciliate, with tuft of hairs at middle. Legs smooth; a short process 
on fore tibiae. Fore wings: Vein 3 close to lower angle; 4 and 5 
from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper 
angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from lower 
angle or above; 6 and 7 from upper angle or stalked. 

Type of genus.—Aristaria cellulalis Guenée. 

Also referred to this genus are: 

Aristaria theroalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, 
p. 243. 

Aristaria anteros (Bocana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 478, pl. 40, figs. 1, la. 

Aristaria trinitalis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, 


p. 125. 

Aristaria conspicua Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, 
p. 125. 

Aristaria bocantis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, 
p- 126. 


Aristaria curvilinea (Mastigophorus) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 7. 

Aristaria pholoe (Thursania) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vols 11, 1913, p. 15. 

Aristaria dissona (Thursania) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 11, 1913, p. 15=Aristaria scortea Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 25. 

Aristaria choerilus (Thursania) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
sarSpvol. 11; 1913p. 16: 

Aristaria faustitas (Thursania) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 
8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 16. 

Aristaria furrina (Tortricoder) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 11, 1913, p. 26. 

Some of these species, described from females, may go into other 
genera when the males are known. 


ARISTARIA MAYALIS, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brown, tinged with 
lilacine. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings: A velvety black-brown 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 807% 





basal line; a similar oblique antemedial fascia, outbent from costa, 
expanding to submedian, where it is rounded and ends; reniform 
also similarly colored, medially constricted, shaped like a dumb-bell; 
traces of a very fine dark brown medial and postmedial line, the latter 
followed by a punctiform line, forming a larger spot on costa; sub- 
terminal line indicated by some darker brown shading, chiefly toward 
costa, but very indistinct; a wavy terminal dark line. Hind wings 
fuscous brown; a darker straight postmedial line; a fine pale sub- 
terminal line inwardly darker shaded; an interrupted terminal black 
line; cilia ochreous brown. Hind wings below whitish gray, irrorated 
with brown; a thick black line on discocellular; postmedial well de- 
fined, slightly wavy; subterminal pale line indicated by dark edging; 
a terminal dark line on both wings. The palpi are upcurved, long, 
fine, and smooth, the 3d joint more than half as long as 2d. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19748, U.S.N.M. 


ARISTARIA BLEPTINALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi long, upcurved, smooth, the 3d joint half as long as 
2d. Body and wings dull greyish brown. Fore wings: The darker 
antemedial and medial shades very indistinct; reniform incurved, 
dark velvety brown, edged with ochreous; postmedial line fine, dark, 
outwardly paler edged, deeply lunular on interspaces, the lunules 
incurved; a wavy, pale subterminal line. Fore wings below dull-grey 
brown; a dark discal point; a fuscous postmedial line, heavily marked 
on costa. Hind wings below whitish grey; a dark discocellular line; 
a narrow postmedial dark shade; the pale subterminal line indicated 
by broad dark shading. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19749, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TETANOLITA Grote. 


Tetanolita Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 305. 

Scelescepon Miscuier, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 230. (Type, S. mutatalis Mésch- 
ler=Nodaria selenitis Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 14, 1904, 
ps 173.) 

Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching well above head; second joint 
moderately scaled, shortly fringed behind; third joint one-fifth the 
length of second. Antennae pubescent ciliate with tuft on shaft 
above at one-third from base. Legs smooth; fore tibiae fringed. 
Fore wings broad, outer margin well rounded; vein 3 before lower 
angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 
stalked from upper angle; 11 from cell. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, 
and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 slightly above lower angle. 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Type of genus.—Tetanoliia laalis Grote=Bleptina mynesalis 
Walker.! 

The following are also included in this genus: 

Tetanolita nisosalis (Herminia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 111. 

Tetanohita borgesalis (Renia?) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1859, p. 881=inostentalis (Herminia) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. 
Lond., 1862, p. 112=diruptalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., 
vol. 34, 1865, p. 1161. 

Tetanolita nolualis (Megachyta) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
30, 1906, p. 123. 

TETANOLITA HERMES, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax brownish gray. Abdomen and 
fore wings ochreous. Fore wings: lines fine, dark gray brown, also 
the terminal third of wing; a basal line; antemedial outcurved, wavy, 
followed by the round whitish orbicular; medial less curved, broadly 
dark shaded on inner margin; postmedial inbent opposite cell, 
slightly outcurved and wavy below vein 5, followed by a whitish 
ochreous shade; subterminal fine, whitish, preceded by fuseous shad- 
ing; a terminal dark brown line, expanding on interspaces. Hind 
wings brownish gray; postmedial dark line outwardly shaded with 
whitish; a whitish subterminal line, minutely wavy; a terminal dark 
line. Fore wings below grayish brown; indistinct postmedial and 
subterminal lines outwardly pale shaded. Hind wings below white 
irrorated with brown; a discal point; postmedial line and subterm- 
inal shade outwardly pale shaded; a terminal dark Ime on both 
wings interrupted by pale veins. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat.—Paraguay. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19750, U.S.N.M. 


Genus DIASTREPTONEURA Warren. 
Diastreptoneura WARREN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 279. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved to frons, smooth; third joint short. An- 
tennae pubescent. Legs moderately hairy. Fore wings broad; 
inner margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 near upper 
angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 from before middle 
of cell, free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 above middle of 
discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Diastreptoneura distoria Warren. 


DOGNINADES, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, shortly fringed, the third joint longer than 
second, reaching middle of thorax. Antennae pubescent with long 


1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 860. 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 83809 





cilia. Legs smooth; fore tarsi with long process at base. Fore 
wings broad; apex acute, slightly faleate; outer margin rounded; 
vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 and 5 apart from lower angle; 6 
from upper angle; 7-10 stalked from upper angle; i1 free. Hind 
wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 from near middle of 
discocellular. 

Type of genus.—Hypena jactatalis Walker.! 


Genus MAMERTHES Druce. 


Mamerthes Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 449, pl. 37, figs. 1, 1a, 2. 

Male.—Palpi upeurved, reaching thorax behind, densely but shortly 
scaled; third joint with long hairs on inner side; palpi of female 
acuminate. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs moderately hairy; a 
short process on fore tibiae. Wings broad. Fore wings: Vein 8 
before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 
7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Mamerthes nigrilinea Druce. 

Included also in this genus are the following species: 

Mamerthes orionalis (Bocana) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 186=marginalis (Bocana) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1862, p. 115=Siwmphieia tibialis, Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise 
Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 43. 

Mamerthes aonia (Simplicia) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 447, pl. 36, figs. 17, 17a. 

Mamerthes lycambes (Sumplicia) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 447, pl. 36, figs. 18, 18a. 

Mamerthes terminalis Schaus, new name for marginalis (Rejectaria) 
Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 208. 

Mamerthes gangaba Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 20. 

MAMERTHES CROCEILINEA, new species. 


Male.—Palpifuscous; the inside, and a line infront, whitish yellow. 
Head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown with a few pale irrorations. 
Abdomen dark gray with pale segmental lines. Fore wings gray 
suffused with fuscous; antemedial line fine, black, vertical and 
straight, inwardly pale shaded, followed by a narrow black shade; 
spots black finely edged with yellow, the orbicular slightly elongated, 
the reniform narrow, slightly incurved; postmedial broad, straight, 
almost vertical, yellow, widest on inner margin, edged with black; 
subterminal fine, whitish gray, indicated by a broad black shade 
from vein 7 to apex, and a fine black lunular line toward inner 
margin; an interrupted terminal fuscous line. Hind wings fuscous 








1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 49. 


310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50, 





gray, the lines whitish, darkly edged, the postmedial straight, the 
subterminal irregular. Hind wings below white irrorated with fus- 
cous gray; a dark discal point and postmedial line; the subterminal 
pale, darkly shaded. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Zacualpan, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19751, U.S.N.M. 





Genus GOROSINA Schaus. 
Gorosina Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 21. 


Female.—Palpi: Second joint long, obliquely ascending; third joint 
short, angled back; both joints with long fringe of hair above. Anten- 
nae ciliate. Fore wings broad; costal margin convex; apex acute; 
outer margin slightly oblique; vein 3 from well before lower angle; 
4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle, 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 
11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from lower angle; 
6 and 7 on short stalk. 

Type of genus.—Gorosina ampla Schaus. 

Since publishing the original diagnosis of the genus a male has 
been received which has the palpi upcurved over thorax, slender, and 
moderately scaled. 


Genus COSCAGA Schaus. 
Coscaga Scuavs, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 131. 


Male.—Palpi upturned, short, slightly curved; second joint reach- 
ing vertex, moderately scaled; third joint very small. Antennae 
pubescent ciliate. Fore tibiae with hairy sheath, filled with long 
flocculent scales; tarsi apparently obsolete. Fore wings: Apex acute; 
outer margin rounded at middle, almost angled; vein 3 before lower 
angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10, 
stalked; 11 free; rarely vein 7 is also free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 
4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 near lower angle. 

Type of genus—Coscaga angulata Schaus, the specific name sink- 
‘ing as a synonym of Aristaria picatalis Schaus.1 The original de- 
scription of Coscaga is erroneous. 


Genus ATHURMODES Dognin. 
Athurmodes Doanin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 73. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved, slender, reaching thorax; second joimt 
with short fringe in front; third joint moderately hairy. Antennae 
pubescent ciliate. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Costa trun- 
cated at apex; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 


1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 125. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 811 





near upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind 
wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 near lower angle. 
Type of genus.—Athurmodes spreta Dognin. 


Genus NICETAS Druce. 
Nicetas Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 450, pl. 37, figs. 3. 3a, 4. 


Male.—Palpi curved back over thorax, hairy; in female acuminate. 
Antennae pectinated; in female pubescent ciliate. Wings broad 
Fore wings: Vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 
from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 
3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 near lower angle. 

Type of genus.— Nicetas panamensis Druce. 

Also referable to this genus are the following: 

Nicetas biciliata (Bertula) Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., 1889 
p- 241. 

Nicetas annon Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p, 
451, pl. 37, figs. 5, 5a. 

Nicetas lycon Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 451, 
pl. 37, figs. 6, 6a. 


NICETAS BATHALIS, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dark slate brown 
glossed with purple. Abdomen and hind wings dull brown. Fore 
wings: Lines very fine, dark brown; antemedial vertical, incurved 
in cell and close above submedian; postmedial oblique on costa, 
slightly inbent opposite cell, shghtly incurved below vein 4, followed 
by an outer, narrow, straight dark shade; reniform semilunar, oblique, 
narrow, velvety brownish black. Hind wings: Traces of a darker 
postmedial line; cilia faintly browner than ground color on both 
wings. Wings below dull grayish brown, the hind wings palest; 
traces of a postmedial line. The fore wings are acute, incurved 
below apex, then well rounded. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat. —Jamaica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19752, U.S.N.M. 


NICETAS ANTONIALIS, new species. 





Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dark brown glossed 
with purple. Abdomen and hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings: 
Lines dark brown, very fine; antemedial outbent to below median, 
incurved on submedian; postmedial almost vertical, wavy; orbicular 
a white point; reniform incurved, brown, darkly edged, and with a 
black point at lower end; a pale subterminal line, remote from 
termen, punctiform on veins, accompanied by a fuscous brown shade 
expanding towards costa; terminal black points on interspaces. 


oe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50, 





Hind wings: A postmedial dark line and a subterminal faint line 
parallel with it, both curved below vein 2. Wings below dull dark 
brown; a postmedial line; hind wings shaded with whitish gray basally 
and on inner margin, with a dark discocellular spot. The fore wings 
have the outer margin well rounded. 

Expanse.—38 mm. 

Habitat.—Jamaica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19753, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PHALAENOPHANA Grote. 





Phalaenophana Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 304. 


Male.—Palpi upturned, the second joint reaching well above 
vertex, moderately scaled; third joint half the length of second, 
acute, smooth, with some longer hairs behind. Antennae pubescent 
fasciculate. Fore tibiae with process. Outer margin of fore wings 
rounded, of hind wings faintly incurved opposite cell, slightly angled 
at vein 2. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 close together; 6 close to upper 
angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper angle; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 close to angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Phalaenophana rurigena Grote, = Hermima pyra- 
musalis Walker}! = Herminia gyasalis Walker.’ 

The following species are also included in this genus: 

Phalaenophana eudorealis (Heterogramma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 
1854, p. 93. 

Phalaenophana oppialis (Bleptina) Walker (Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1859, p. 864) = Pyralis? subcordatalis Walker (Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 
1865, p. 1248). 





Genus POROSANA Schaus. 


Porosana Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 32. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, barely reaching vertex, smoothly scaled, 
with very short fringe on second joint in front; third joint acute, one- 
third as long as second. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smoothly 
scaled; spurs on hind tibiae long. Abdomen short. Fore wings nar- 
row; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 
on long stalk; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 on long stalk; 5 
near middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Porosana uruca Schaus. 





POROSANA JUANALIS, rew species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax lilacine gray. Abdomen above 
dark gray. Fore wings brownish gray, more darkly irrorated, the 
lines and spots brown; costa finely fuscous gray with white points 


1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1859, p. 106. 2 Tdem, vol. 19, 1859, p. 856. 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 818 





towards apex; antemedial outbent from below cell to inner margin; 
postmedial dentate, angled opposite cell and below vein 2; orbicular 
small; reniform round, containing some gray scales; an irregular faint 
whitish subterminal shade; an interrupted terminal black line; cilia 
with a pale basal line. Hind wings whitish suffused with gray on 
outer half; a dark postmedial line; a vague terminal black line cut 
by veins; cilia whitish with dark shading at veins. Hind wings below 
white, the costa and apex darker shaded; a line on discocellular and 
postmedially. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19754, U.S.N.M. 


POROSANA MICRALIS, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings brownish ocher. 
Abdomen and hind wings dull brownish gray. Fore wings: Mark- 
ings black; a few scales at base of cell; antemedial line wavy, vertical, 
thicker on costa and just below cell; reniform as a small spot or 
streak on discocellular; postmedial fine, minutely dentate, outbent 
from a costal spot above reniform, almost vertical from vein 6 to 
inner margin; large terminal points. Hind wings: Cilia ocherous. 
Underneath the fore wings are dull grayish brown, the hind wings 
paler with a small spot and postmedial line. 

Expanse.—12 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19755, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TINEOCEPHALA Dyar. 


Tineocephala Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 220. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved; second joimt thickly scaled, reaching a 
little beyond vertex; third joint more than half the length of second, 
smooth, slender, acute. Head smooth, densely scaled with long 
hairs overlapping tegulae. Antennae pubescent. Legs smooth. 
Wings narrow. Fore wings: Vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 and 5 
from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 well stalked; 5 from near angle; 6 and 7 
shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Tineocephala judis Dyar. 


Genus LICHA Walker 


Ticha WauKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 836. 
Boniana WALKER, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1862, p. 111. 
Tendarba WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1186. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, diverging, smooth; third joint 
as long as second. Antennae pectinated. Fore wings broad; veins 


314 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8,9, 10 stalked; 11 free. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 apart from lower angle; 5 from near 
middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Licha undilinealis Walker.= Boniana niveilinea 
Walker.!= Tendarba lineosa Walker.?=Leucania cicatria Felder.’ 


Genus PTERHEMIA Guenée 


Pterhemia GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 23. 
Pessida WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 15, 1858, p. 1641. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, almost porrect, thickly scaled, 
smooth; third joint more than half the length of second. Antennae 
bipectinate. Fore wings: Apex slightly produced; outer margin 
obliquely rounded; vein 3 from lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 
5 above angle; 6 below upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked from upper 
angle; 11 free. Hind wings: Cell short; termen above vein 3 usually 
deeply excised; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 from 
middle of discocellular. 

Type of genus.—Pterhemia mutilatalis Guenée,=Pessida inter- 
lineata Walker. 

The following species are also included in this genus: 

Pterhemia uncinalis Hiibner, Geyer Samml. Exot Schmett, vol. 16, 
fig. 325, pp. 649, 650=Pterhemia otusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., 
vol. 19, 1859, p. 838. 

Pterhemia ameriola Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 426, pl. 35, fig. 3. 

Pterhemia exscissa Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 29. 

Pterhemia schausialis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase.-8, 1914, p. 84. 


Genus ARIPHRADES Druce 
Ariphrades Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 482, pl. 40, figs. 9, 9a. 


Male.—Palpi three times the length of head, obliquely ascending, 
second joint with long fringe above. Antennae pubescent ciliate; 
a coarse tuft of hair at middle. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with 
moderate process. Fore wings broad; apex acute; outer margin 
slightly rounded, almost vertical; a long ridge of raised hairs beyond 
cell; vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 close above 
angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free; in the 
female only veins 8, 9, 10 stalked. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 well 
stalked; 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Ariphrades setula Druce. 

Also included in this genus is the following: 

Ariphrades plumigera Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 55. 





1 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. 1, p. 111. 
2 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1186. 
8 Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 109, figs. 14, 15. 


no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 315 


Genus RENIA Guenée 


Renia GuENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 81. 
Gisira WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p.71. (Type, G. acclamalis Walker.) 
Crymona Waker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 117. (Type, C. receptalis 
Walker = hastatalis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 81, 
the latter name having priority.) 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending reaching frontal tuft; second 
joint frmged below; third jomt moderately scaled. Palpi of female 
porrect. Antennae long, pubescent with long cilia and a tuft of 
hairs. Wings broad; apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 
well before lower angle; 4 and 5 apart; 7 usually stalked with 8, 9, 10, 
but sometimes from cell; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from 
lower angle; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Renia orthosialis Guenée. 

Those specimens of Renia which have vein 7 on fore wing from 
the cell can be easily separated from ,Pseudarista by the acute apex 
of fore wing, and more robust build. 

The genus also contains: 

Renia testacealis Guenée, Delt et Pyral., 1854, p. 82. 

Q 


Renia clavalis Guenée, Delt et Pyral., 1854, p. 83 = Aristaria, 
moera Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 459, pl. 37, 
fig. 24. 

Renia bendialis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 83. Unknown to 
me. 

Renia punctinalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., p. 84. 

Renia decurialis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 84. Unknown to 
me. 

Renia rhamphialis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p..85. Unknown 
to me. 

Renia fallacialis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, 
p- 38. 

Renia rhetusalis (Herminia) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1862, p. 110. 

Renia orizabalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 124=aztecalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 30, 1906, p. 126. 

Renia bipunctalis Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, 
p. 128. 

Renia turpis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, 
p. 207. 

Renia vinasalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 9, 1912, p. 209. 

Renia accola Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 55. 


816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 








RENIA MOROSALIS, new species. 


Male.—Antennae tufted -at two-thirds from base. Fore wings 
acute, the inner margin lobed from base to beyond middle. Body 
and fore wings dark brown, the abdomen more fuscous. Fore wings: 
Basal half tinged with purple; the markings barely traceable, duller 
brown; fine antemedial and postmedial lines, the latter followed by 
a series of minute points on veins; subterminal ochreous brown 
streaks on veins, connected by a faint lunular brown line; reniform 
bright brown, very indistinct, with a few black scales behind; cilia 
tipped with brownish ocher. Hind wings dull fuscous brown, the 
anal angle broadly covered with cream colored spatulate scales. 
Wings below paler with a dark terminal line; a discal spot and post- 
medial line on hind wings. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat.—Central Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19756, U.S.N.M. 


The base of inner margin on fore wings is deeply rounded. 





RENIA FIMBRIALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax brown with brighter brown irro- 
rations. Abdomen fuscous brown. Fore wings ochreous brown; 
basal half of costa tinged with bright brown; a dark wavy subbasal 
line; antemedial dark brown, fine, irregular, oblique on costa, vertical 
in cell, inset below cell, and again on inner margin; orbicular round, 
brown, followed by an inbent medial line broadly shaded outwardly 
with bright brown; reniform ochreous, with two dark points; post- 
medial very fine, lunular, punctiform on veins; subterminal indistinct, 
irregular, indicated by fuscous brown shadings, heaviest on inner side; 
marginal black spots connected by an undulating line. Hind wings 
bright fuscous brown; some yellowish scales postmedially at vein 2 
and some pale shading at anal angle. Fore wings below dull brown, 
the costa yellow brown; a distinct curved postmedial line on costa 
and incurved pale subterminal line on costal space. Hind wings below 
grayish ocher suffused with brown, forming a small discal spot; a 
dentate dark postmedial line and a pale wavy dentate subterminal 
line. The antennae are heavily frmged above and below on medial 
third. The palpi are heavily fringed in front on 2d and 3d joints. 
The costa of fore wings has a down-turned fringe on medial space. 

Expanse.—36 mim. 

Habitat.—Espiritu Santo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19757, U.S.N.M. 


no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3817 





Genus UPOTHENIA Schaus. 
Upothenia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 44, 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, slender; smoothly scaled, acu- 
minate. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer 
margin oblique; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 
7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Megachyta acutipennis Schaus.1 





Genus COLA Dyar. 

Cola Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 219. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, long; second joimt heavily 
fringed above; third jomt one-fourth the length of second, smooth, 
acute. Antennae minutely serrate, ciliated. Hind tibiae fringed 
below. Wings narrow. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 
6 from upper angle; 7,8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 
3 and 4 very shortly stalked; 5 from near lower angle; 6 and 7 from 
upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Cola mabis Dyar. 

CLARGIA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, the first joint with porrect hairs; 
second joint long, fringed below, and with long fringe above termi- 
nally; third joint short, roughly scaled, downbent; antennae pubes- 
cent; fore legs very hairy; hind tibiae fringed. Wings moderately 
broad. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 
7, 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 
very shortly stalked; 5 from near lower angle; a long tuft of hairs at 
base below cell on upper side. 

Type of genus.—Clargia bonema Schaus. 

CLARGIA BONEMA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and anal hairs yellow brown. Abdo- 
men and hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings yellow brown; some 
dark brown irrorations chiefly on costa; lines very fine, indistinct, 
dark brown; antemedial curved on costa, inangled at dark orbicular 
point and again outcurved; postmedial outcurved, slightly wavy; 
reniform a dark point; terminal fuscous brown semilunar spots; 
cilia dark gray crossed by two interrupted pale lines. Hind wings: 
The terminal dark spots very indistinct. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19758, U.S.N.M. 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 211. 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. "you. 50. 


ZAGORISTA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi upturned; second joint reaching vertex, moderately 
scaled; third joint more than half as long as second, acute, smooth, 
faintly fringed in front. Antennae pubescent with minute cilia. 
Body slender; legs smoothly scaled, the fore tibiae with short tufts. 
Fore wings: Costa slightly arched; outer margin slightly rounded; cell 
short; veins 2 and 3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly above angle; 
6 from near upper angle down curved close to cell, with elongated 
vesicle above it; 7, 8, 9-on long stalk from end of small areole; 10 from 
areole above; 11 close to costal vein. Hind wings rounded; veins 3 
and 4 stalked; 5 from near middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper 
angle. 

Type of genus.—Drobeta debora Druce.t 


Genus CHABORA Walker. 
Chabora WALKER, Cat. British Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1185. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, sometimes slightly curved; 
second joint shortly fringed in front and behind reaching just above 
vertex; third joint smooth, half as long as second. Legs smooth. 
Abdomen with short lateral tufts terminally. Fore wings: Apex 
acute; outer margin vertical to vein 4, curved and inbent with a fold 
below vein 2; veins 2 and 3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 apart near 
angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9 on long stalk from areole; 10 from 
areole; 11 from cell. Hind wings: Termen incurved between vein 2 
and angle which is lobed; vein 2 from lower angle; veins 3 and 4 
approximated and close to vein 2; vein 5 from near angle; veins 2-5 
all short owing to length of cell along median; 6 and 7 from upper 
angle. The female has the margins and neuration normal. 

Type of genus.—Chabora tauralis Walker. 

The name sinks as asynonym of Megatomis nealcesalis Walker. 

Complete synonymy: 

Megatomis nealcesalis, WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 883. 

Eutelia apicalis WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, p. 819. 

Chabora tauralis WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1185. 

Omiodes tortola FrLpER and RogENHOFER, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 9. 
Drobeta? yeba Drucw, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 494, pl. 90, fig. 10. 


CHABORA INOA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi dark brown, irrorated and tipped with white. Head, 
collar, and thorax mottled brown, buff, and gray. Abdomen brown; 
fine white segmental lines, and fuscous shading on segments posteriorly. 
Fore wings grayish brown faintly tinged with lilacine; a very fine dark 
brown, wavy, antemedial line; a large oval gray white spot just 
beyond cell from costa to vein 3, partly irrorated with dark scales, 





1 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 2, 1898, p. 494, pl. 95, fig. 9. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 819 





finely edged with fuscous brown, and containing a small dark tri- 
angular spot close to discocellular at middle; from lower end of oval, 
a fuscous brown line outwardly edged with whitish extends to inner 
margin; this line is also preceded by a dark brown shade, which 
extends narrowly along oval spot and expands on costa; a broad sub- 
terminal brown shade, finely edged with fuscous, and preceded by a 
fuscous shade opposite cell; outer margin paler, grayer, interrupted 
by a brown shade at vein 4; a terminal dark line partly interrupted; 
cilia whitish gray, with dark spots at veins, and crossed by two fine 
dark lines. Hind wings whitish, thinly scaled, tinged with brown; 
termen shaded with dark brown; the lines on cilia coarser, suffusing. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19759, U.S.N.M. 


CHABORA TEPETLALIS, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, and thorax mottled white and reddish 
brown. Abdomen above pale golden brown mottled with lilacine; 
pale segmental lines. Fore wings whitish Ulacine, partly suffused 
with reddish brown; a brownish antemedial line, vertical from costa, 
outangled below median; a medial line from costa touching Ali 
reat reniform spot, and below vein 3 suffusing with the post- 
medial, which is very fine, outcurved around end a cell; an outer 
line equally distant from postmedial, and termen is white defined by 
reddish brown shading on inner side, and darker llacine shadings, 
outwardly even and very slightly outcurved; termen shaded with 
reddish brown, widely so between veins 4 and 6. Hind wings pale 
brownish gray. Wings below suffused with brown; a bright red 
outer shade at costa of fore wings; some red irrorations subterminally 
on hind wings, which are also whiter; discocellular spots and a 
post medial line. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat—Popocatepetl Park, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19760, U.S.N.M. 


CHIRCONIA, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae pubescent ciliate. Palpi obliquely ascending, 
sometimes slightly curved; second joint densely scaled reaching just 
above vertex; third joint smooth, half as long as second. Abdomen 
slender, withshort lateraituftsterminally. Legssmoothlyscaled. Fore 
wings: Apex acute; outer margin produced, inbent from vein 4 to 
tornus; vein 3 from lower angle; 4 slightly above, equally distant 
from 3 and 5; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9 on long stalk from areole; 
10 from areole above; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 


5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 


320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





Type of genus.—Plusiodonta anartoides Walker." 

The genus includes also: 

Chirconia convergens (Mecynoptera) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 34. 


CHIRCONIA AOUILALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and fore wings ochreous brown; abdomen with seg- 
mental dark lines. Fore wings acute, outer margin curved and inbent 
from vein 4; lines fine, dark brown; antemedial forming three irregu- 
lar outcurves, with an inward white spot on costa; postmedial with a 
white costal spot outwardly, from the middle of costal margin, deeply 
outcurved around cell, wavy below cell; subterminal slightly sinuous, 
indistinct, finely edged with white inwardly; a terminal dark line; base 
of cilia like wing limited by a dark line and tipped with white. Hind 
wings grayish brown; cilia whitish crossed by a dark line. Fore wings 
below brown, the costa, apex, and termen ochreous with dark irrora- 
tions; some faint lines on costa. Hind wings below bone white irro- 
rated with brown, the costa and termen suffused with ochreous; a 
brown discocellular and postmedial line; terminal line on both wings. 

A specimen from Panama is darker; the subterminal suffused with 
purple and lilacine shadings; the thorax and base of abdomen also 
dark shaded. 

Expanse.—21 mm. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico; Banana River, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19761, U.S.N.M. 


LUBERTA, new genus. 





Female.—Palpi upturned; second joint very long, straight, with long 
fringe behind; third joint one-fifth the length of second, also fringed 
behind and slightly turned back. Antennae ciliated. Fore wings: 
Apex acute; termen outangled at vein 4; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 
from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 below upper angle; areole long; 
7 on short stalk with 8 and 9 from end of areole; 10 from above; 11 
free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 very shortly stalked; 5 well above 
angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Luberta nymbisalis Schaus. 





LUBERTA NYMBISALIS, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and forewings brownish ocher. 
Abdomen and hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings: Some scat- 
tered brown black irrorations; a fine brown streak along subcostal 
vein to end of cell; a few brown scales as orbicular; reniform consisting 
of a paler line with a brown point at either end; from below disco- 
cellular to inner margin at one-third from base a pale line defined by 


—— 





1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 32, 1865, p. 843. 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 8321 





brownish edging, outwardly expanding to a brown black spot on inner 
margin; a pale line from apex to inner margin inwardly defined by a 
black line, preceded by gray shading, outwardly shaded with light 
reddish brown; an irregular subterminal grayish shade; indistinct 
terminal shadings on interspaces. Fore wings below dark brown, the 
apical area and terminal space ochreous brown. Hind wings below 
brownish ocher with dark irrorations; a dark discocellular point; a 
finely lunular postmedial line. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.— Bolivia. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19762, U.S.N.M. 


Genus HYPONEUMA Schaus. 
Hyponeuma Scuaus, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 132. 


Male.—Palpi long and slender. More than half the length of body, 
porrect, the second joint slightly fringed above; third joint has 
the length of second. Antennae fasciculate. Legs smooth. Wings 
broad. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 
well before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper 
angle; 7 on short stalk with 8 and 9 from areole, sometimes free; 
10 from areole above; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from 
lower angle; 5 from middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper 
angle. 

Type of genus.—Hyponeuma leucanioides Schaus = Herminodes? 
taliula Schaus,! the latter specific name having priority. 


Genus BOLICA Walker. 
Bolica WauKER, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1862, p. 118. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, very densely clothed with hairs; second 
joint with large lateral tufts; third joint almost as long as second, 
with dense lateral tuft. Antennae pubescent with long cilia. Fore 
legs very hairy; hind tibiae and tarsi with short fringe above. Fore 
wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded, almost angled at vein 4; 
veins 3, 4,.5 equally and well apart; 6 from upper angle; 7 and 8 
shortly stalked from areole; 9 on long stalk with 8; 10 from areole 
above; 11 free from well before end of cell. Hind wings: Underside 
with several ridges of raised scales, partly downturned; veins 3 and 
4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Bolica armata Walker. 


MASTIGIA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi very long; second joint porrect, 5mm. in length, 
slender, smooth; third joint longer than second, angled back to 
vertex with long terminal tuft. Antennae minutely pubescent, 





1 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 167. 
10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——21 


O22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


ciliate. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Apex produced; outer margin 
sinuous; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 7, 8, 9 
stalked from areole; 10 from areole; 11 from cell. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 on short stalk; 5 close to lower angle; 6 and 7 on 
longer stalk. 

Type of genus.— Mastygophorus epitusalis Walker." 


Genus PERIPHRAGE Herrich-Schaffer. 
Periphrage Herricu-Scuarrer, Ausser. Hur. Schmett., 1855, p. 69, fig. 396. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching collar; third joint with long hairs 
on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate with hairy tuft beyond 
middle. Legs smoothly scaled; fore tibiae with process. Fore 
wings: Outer margin excised below apex, angled at vein 4, then 
oblique; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole 
small; 7 from end, 8, 9, 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Outer margin produced at vein 4; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 
5 near lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Periphrage barbatula Uerrich-Schaffer, 


DRUCUMA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching above vertex, slender, shortly 
frmged in front; third joint more than half the length of second. 
Antennae pubescent ciliate with tuft of long hair before middle. 
Fore wings narrow; apex acute; outer margin obliquely rounded; 
vein 3 before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 a little above angle; 
6 from upper angle; 7 from areole which is extremely small; 8, 9, 10 
on long stalk from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 
6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 above angle. 

Type of genus.—Aristaria? apicata Druce? 


Genus MEGACHYTA Grote. 
Megachyta Grotr, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 306. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved; second joint reaching well above vertex, 
shortly fringed; third joint roughly scaled in front, rough behind 
less than half the length of second. Antennae pubescent ciliate with 
small tuft near middle. Legs long and slender. Wings broad. 
Fore wings: Vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 
5 slightly above angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 from areole; 8, 9, 10 
stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 upper angle. 

Type of genus.—LEpizeuars lituralis Hiibner.® 


1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 150. 
2 Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 459, pl. 37, fig. 23. 
3 Zutraege, pl. 9, figs. 19, 20. 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 823 





OIDEMASTIS, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae serrate, pubescent ciliate. Palpi upcurved 
reaching well above head; second joint slender, shortly fringed in 
front; third joint a little more than half the length of second. Fore 
tibiae and base of tarsi heavily fringed; hind tibiae smooth. Fore 
wings: Costa arched at base, medially depressed; apex acute; lower 
angle of cell rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 near upper angle; 
areole narrow; 7 from end; 8, 9, 10 stalked from end of areole; 11 
free. Base of costa below, and the entire inner margin densely and 
roughly scaled. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from near lower 
angle; 6 and 7 more shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Oidemastis caliginosa Schaus. 


OIDEMASTIS CALIGINOSA, new species. 


Female.—Body dark brown; abdomen irrorated with buff; a dorsal 
buff spot at base. Wings dark brown to postmedial line, the outer 
space slate gray; a subterminal buff brown line, nearly straight, 
edged with fuscous brown, bifurcating on fore wing at vein 6 to 
apex; a marginal dark brown line, outwardly partly edged with buff 
brown; cilia with dark line at base, the tips partly white. Fore 
wings: An indistinct antemedial darker line; costa mottled with buff 
brown; orbicular a white point; reniform linear, white, edged with 
dark brown, and followed by a large brownish buff shade; postmedial 
dark brown, fine, outcurved, inwardly edged with buff brown. Hind 
wings: Some buff brown mottlings below vein 3; a darker shade on 
discocellular, and indistinct postmedial line. Fore wings below 
grayish, the costa yellow buff striated with brown; the spots as 
above. Hind wings below grayish brown, broadly shaded with 
white on inner margin, and striated with yellow buff; a dark line on 
discocellular; the buff subterminal tine distinct. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.— St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19763, U.S.N.M. 


Genus SCOPIFERA Herrich-Schéffer. 
Scopifera HerRIcH-ScCHAFFER, Corr.-Blatt, Regensburg, 1870, pp. 103, 108. 


Male.—Palpi long, upturned, reaching well beyond thorax; second 
joint with upturned lateral hairs. Antennae pubescent ciliate. 
Legs smooth; fore tibiae hairy. Wings long, outer margin rounded. 
Fore wings: Vein 3 from near lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 
5 close above angle; 6 from upper angle; areole very small; 8, 9, 10 
stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly 
stalked; 5 close to lower angle. 


324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Type of genus.—Bleptina menippusalis Walker *=Scopifera longi- 
palpalis Felder and Rogenhofer.? 

The genus includes: 

Palpi not reaching end of abdomen: 

Scopifera menippusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 176. 

Scopifera antelia (Bleptina) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 459, pl. 37, fig: 16 

Palpi reaching end or beyond end of abdomen: 

Scopifera lycagusalis (Mastygophora) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 
16, 1858, p. 150=Bertula monstralis Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise 
Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 33. 

Scopifera mirabilis (Mastigophorus) Butler, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 6, vol. 3, 1889, p. 359. 

Scopifera lygdus (Mastigophorus) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 470, pl. 39, figs. 1, la. 
Scopifera antorides (Mastigophoris) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 47, pl. 39, figs. 2, 2a) = Mastigophorus pandes Schau! 

Proc. U. S. Nat. Much: col: 30, 1906, p- 129. 

Scopifera poasalis (Mastixis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
Vol. 115: 19138; pe 8. 

Also the following new species: 


SCOPIFERA FALSIRENALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi mottled brown and ocherous. Body and wings 
grayish brown. Fore wings: Antemedial line dark brown, outangled 
on median; orbicular small, dark brown; reniform narrow, incurved, 
whitish, divided by a dark line, inwardly broadly shaded with dark 
brown, which extends along postmedial to inner margin; outwardly 
the reniform is followed by an ochreous shade to postmedial, which 
is gray on costa, ocherous edged with dark brown opposite reniform, 
then gray and ‘cee below it; subterminal whitish from costa to 
vein 7, followed by a fuscous haces n streak from above vein 7 to apex, 
and marked by a similar spot just below 7, from which point it is 
wavy, indistinct, slightly darker than around color; narrow dark 
terminal spots; base of gray cilia paler. Hind wings: A faint post- 
medial darker line, and a pale subterminal line. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 








Type.—Cat. No. 19764, U.S.N.M. 
SCOPIFERA PHRYGIALIS, new species. 
Male.—Palpi, head, and thorax brown; abdomen fuscous brown. 


Fore wings brown, the lines on medial is and medial space below 
cell dark “brown, the medial space above median slightly paler, but 





“1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 126. 
2 Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 35. 


nO. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 825 





not so light as basal space; lines brownish white; antemedial out- 
bent from costa, faintly smuous; postmedial almost straight to vein 
3, then slightly incurved; a whitish orbicular point; reniform long, 
narrow, consisting of a fine black brown streak, edged inwardly, 
below, and partly on outer edge with white; some darker shading 
beyond postmedial opposite cell; subterminal rather remote from 
termen indicated by some fine yellowish streaks on veins, forming a 
line near costa, these followed by black brown shading towards apex; 
terminal triangular dark spots. Hind wings dull dark gray brown. 
The underside like other species of this group. 

Kepanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat.—Juan Vinas, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19765, U.S.N.M. 


This species is closest to S. mirabilis Butler from Jamaica, 





Genus MASTIXIS Schaus. 


Mastizis Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 8. 


Male.—Palpiupcurved, reaching thorax; third joint with long tufts 
oninner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae 
with long narrow process. Fore wings: Costal margin long, convex 
toward apex; outer margin oblique; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 
5 from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; areole small; 7 from areole; 
8, 9, 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Cell short; veins 
3 and 4 stalked; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Mastixis chloe Schaus. 

This genus also includes the following species: 

Mastixis comptulalis (Hypena?) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p.36= 
Bocana malis Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 477, 
pl. 39, fig. 22. 

Mastixis aspisalis (Herminia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1859, p. 857 = Herminia asteralis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1859, p. 858= Hypena bisignalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1862, p. 108=Bleptina responsalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1862, p. 113= Mastigophorus mallophora Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 
Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 471, pl. 39, figs. 5, 5a. 

'  Mastixis stalemusalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1859, p. 869. 

Mastizis macedo (Bleptina) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 456, pl. 37, fig. 8. 

Mastixis anthores ( Mastigophorus) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 470, pl. 39, fig. 3. 

Mastixis lysaniaz ( Mastigophorus) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 471, pl. 39, figs. 4, 4a. 

Mastixis aonia (Mastigophorus) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 471, pl. 39, figs. 6, 6a. 


326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Mastixis apsinthes (Neoherminia) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
yol. 1, 1891, p. 473, pl. 39, fig. 9. 

Mastizis angitia (Neoherminia ?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 473, pl. 39, fig. 11. 

2 Mastixis tessellata (Poena) Druce, Biol. Cenir.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 484, pl. 40, fig. 15. 

Mastizxis lineata ( Mastigophorus) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
30, 1906, p. 129. 

2 Mastizis turrialbensis, Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 
ld” £913, p. 9. 

Mastixis hyades Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 50. 

Mastixis albilimbata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 50. 

Mastixis languida Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 51. 

Mastizis infuscata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 51. 

2 Mastixis plumalis (Hypena) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 
1873, pl. 120, fig. 36. 

2 Mastixis galealis (Rejectaria) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise 
Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 21. 

The last two species are unknown to me. 


MASTIXIS DUKINFIELDI, new species. 


Male.—Palpi lilacine gray, fringed below with dark brown. Head, 
collar, thorax, and fore wings dull lilacine gray. Abdomen lght 
brown. Fore wings: Antemedial line black brown, deeply outcurved, 
lunular; orbicular and reniform yellow brown edged with fuscous, 
the orbicular small, round, the reniform slightly incurved; postme- 
dial fine, black, wavily dentate, parallel with termen; subterminal 
straight, yellow brown edged with fuscous, its outer edge slightly 
sinuous; an apical dark streak; an interrupted terminal black line. 
Hind wings light brown, the costa whitish; a fine dark postmedial 
line; a pale subterminal line, inwardly edged with fuscous, not 
reaching costal half of wing; terminal line as on fore wing. 

Kepanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, southeast Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19766, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to M. lysanvaz Druce. 


MASTIXIS HIPPOCOON, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax light brown; abdomen similar at 
base shading to dark grayish brown. Fore wings: Basal two-thirds 
light brown, tinged with lilacine, terminal third fuscous slate color, 
the postmedial and subterminal lines preceded by fuscous brown 
shades, the former buff on costa, then slate color, straight, almost 
vertical, the latter buff gray, wavy, outbent to vein 6, shortly in- 
turned and vertical to tornus; the termen tinged with gray; a terminal 


no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAB—SCHAUS. 82% 





black line inwardly edged with buff; a very fine antemedial line, 
outangled in cell; a fuscous basal line on subcostal; a small fuscous 
spot medially on costa; reniform large yellow brown. Hind wings 
dull fuscous brown; costa narrowly white; a postmedial buff line 
from vein 3 downbent to termen below vein 2, then inbent to anal 
angle, preceded by a buff shade, crossed by dark striae on vein 2; 
some brown and buff mottlings above angle; a subterminal line, 
indistinct on costal half, better marked from vein 5 to termen at 
vein 2; terminal line as on fore wing, the buff preceding it broader. 
Fore wings below greyish, the costa and termen shaded with yellow 
buff; a dark discal point; a postmedial line well marked from costa 
to vein 5, then indistinct; subterminal pale buff. Hind wings below 
buff white irrorated with brown; a small streak in cell, and spot on 
discocellular; postmedial line fine, wavy; termen dark shaded; a 
subterminal lumular buff line from costa to termen at vein 2. 

Ezpanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat—Rockstone, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19767, U.S.N.M. 


MASTIXIS CASTRONALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings pale brown. Abdomen with dark seg- 
mentallines. Fore wings: A basal angled black line; antemedial pale, 
outangled close below cell, outwardly edged with black brown, 
broadly on costa, and suffusing in cell with small bright brown orbic- 
ular spot; an incurved dark line on discocellular, followed by a bright 
brown spot; an inbent fuscous shade below reniform to inner margin; 
postmedial almost vertical, straight, white, inwardly edged with 
black; an obliquely outbent subterminal line on costa, inwardly 
broadly shaded with black; traces of subterminal fuscous spots. 
Hind wings: Costa broadly white to near apex; inner area tinged 
with gray; a whitish line from middle of wing down-bent to anal 
angle; a subterminal dentate white line, both lines inwardly darker 
edged; a terminal interrupted black line on both wings; cilia gray 
with a yellowish basal line. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro, Parana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19768, U.S.N.M. 


MASTIXIS AENEAS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi dull grayish brown. Head, collar, thorax, and fore 
wings brown. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings: A fine indistinct, 
fuscous antemedial and medial line; orbicular and reniform orange 
brown, the former small, edged with black, the latter incurved, 
inwardly edged with black; postmedial yellowish, vertical, finely 
edged with fuscous; terminal space tinged with gray; an irregular sub- 
terminal black line; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind wings 


328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


fuscous gray; discal spot of underside visible; a fuscous postmedial 
line, edged with yellow toward anal angle; traces of a pale dentate 
subterminal line. Hind wings below gray, irrorated with brown on 
costa; discal spot large, black; postmedial finely lunular; subterminal 
pale. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19769, U.S.N.M. 

Near MM. hippocoon Schaus. 


Genus NEOPALTHIS Druee. 


Neopalthis Drucr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 475, pl. 39, figs. 16, 
16a, 17, 17a. 


Male.—Palpi slightly upeurved, very long; second joint fringed 
above;. third joint thickly scaled; antennae fasciculate. Fore wings: 
Acute; costa arched before apex; outer margin oblique; veins, 3, 4, 5 
near together from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole narrow, 
7 from end; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin 
oblique, angled at vein 2; veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 close to lower 
angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Neopalthis madates Druce. 


DECTOCRASPEDON, new genus. 


Male.—Antennex pubescent with long cilia. Palpi upturned, second 
joint very long, third one-fourth the length of second, both fringed 
above. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Costa arched; apex acute; outer 
margin produced and angled at vein 4, oblique below it; vein 3 close 
to lower angle; 4 from lower angle; 5 close to lower angle; 6 below 
upper angle; 7 from areole; 8,9, 10 on long stalk from areole; 11 free. 
Hind wings produced below apex; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 
5 well above lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Dectocraspedon braziliensis Schaus. 

Goniapteryx ? morada Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, 
pl. 120, fig. 26, probably belongs here. 


DECTOCRASPEDON BRAZILIENSIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi fuscous outwardly. Body and wings grayish ocher 
or brownish ocher, the latter thinly darker irrorated with striae and 
with a few black dots. Fore wings: Antemedial and medial lines 
fuscous brown, angled on subcostal and wavily inbent; orbicular a 
white point; reniform a small black spot; outer line bright brown 
outwardly edged with yellowish, outangled on costa, then faintly 
sinuous to inner margin near tornus; a subterminal fuscous spot 
between veins 5 and 6; small fuscous marginal spots suffusing from 
vein 3 to inner margin; cilia fuscous with a pale line at base and 
partly white tipped. Hind wings: A black discal point; postme- 


no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE 





SCHAUS. 829 








dial line straight, double, the wing beyond darker, the line followed 
by some black spots at inner margin, and a large white spot below 
vein 7, and asmaller spot above it. Wings below paler with the lines 
repeated. Hind wings produced at vein 7. 

Kxpanse.—37 mm. 

Habitat—Espiritu Santo, Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19770, U.S.N.M. 


DECTOCRASPEDON LATEFASCIATA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi outwardly mottled brown and fuscous. Head 
white. Collar and thorax yellowish brown. Abdomen gray. Wings 
yellowish white with a few dark irrorations. Fore wings: Ante- 
medial and medial fine lines, angled on subcostal, followed by yellow 
brown spots on costa, slightly inbent, followed by fuscous spots below 
cell and submedian; termen from apex to below vein 5 brown limited 
by a fine gray irregular line, and with a black terminal line; tornus 
mottled with brown. Hind wings: A black discal point followed by 
a broad brown fascia, expanding to termen between vein 5 and costa, 
where it is crossed by a black line, from vein 6 to costa followed by a 
gray shade. The outer margin is produced at vein 7 and at vein 5. 

Expanse.—42 mm. 

Habitat.—Espiritu Santo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19771, U.S.N.M. 


DECTOCRASPEDON OBTUSALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi mottled brown and ochreous. Head fuscous gray. 
Collar and thorax ocher brown; abdomen pale ochreous with some 
black irrorations. Fore wings ocher-brown with a few darker striae 
and black irrorations, and slightly tinged with Iacine; a pale ocher 
shade at base and similar outer fascia, the latter expanding to apex 
on costa, inwardly lunular above vein 5, and containing a black point 
above submedian, its outer edge marked by black and white points; 
orbicular a white point; reniform a black point; some marginal black 
points at tornus. Hind wings the same color, the termen tinged with 
yellow-brown; the pale outer space less distinct and with large black 
spots. Wings below whitish brown more darkly irrorated; black 
discal spots, and marginal black points; the wing produced at vein 
7, then straight to anal angle. 

Expanse.—40 mm. 

Habitat.—Kspiritu Santo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19772, U.S.N.M. 


TAPHONIA, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae pubescent ciliate with raised tuft about middle. 
Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint slender, four times the length of 
head, well fringed above; third joint one-fourth the length of second. 


830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 before lower 
angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7 from areole, 
which is narrow; 8 ,9, 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 very shortly stalked; vein 5 well above 
lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Taphonia peonis Schaus. 

The genus includes: 

Taphonia muscosa (Hypena) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1890, p. 436, pl. 35, fig. 19. 

Taphonia lysis (Aristaria) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol 1, 
1890, p- 458, pl. 37, fig. 21. 


TAPHONIA PEONIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings fuscous gray. Wings: The lines black; an 
interrupted terminal line expanding on interspaces; cilia light gray. 
Fore wings: A faint antemedial line; orbicular small, light brown 
edged with black; a medial line touching reniform, which consists of 
a black line followed by some light brown scaling; postmedial and 
outer lines parallel, wavy dentate with whitish gray points on veins. 
Hind wings: A postmedial line, outwardly edged with whitish near 
inner margin; the subterminal minutely dentate with whitish points 
on veins. Fore wings below fuscous gray, the costa and termen 
paler; a postmedial black line. Hind wings below whitish irrorated 
with fuscous gray; a dark point on discocellular; a dark postmedial 
line; the pale subterminal line formed by dark edging. Tore tibiae 
smooth. ; 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19773, U.S.N.M. 


TAPHONIA GRISEIRENA, new species. 


Female.—Palpi dark brown, the fringe above irrorated with whitish. 
Head, collar, thorax and fore wings purplish black. Abdomen 
fuscous with sublateral whitish irrorations. Fore wings: Lines fine, 
dull black; a subbasal grayish point in cell; antemedial line wavy; or- 
bicular a small whitish gray spot finely edged with black; a curved 
medial line from cell; reniform large, irregular, whitish gray, crossed 
by a broken black line, and outwardly touching a black spot on 
postmedial; the postmedial and subterminal parallel, wavy on anterior 
half, lunular below it, the subterminal outwardly finely edged with 
dark gray; a wavy marginal line connecting black points. Hind 
wings fuscous brown; faint postmedial and subterminal lines; the 
terminal as on forewings. Hind wings below dark brown with some 
whitish irrorations; a black point on discocellular and faint traces of 
lines. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 881 








Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—Misantla, Mexico.. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19774, U.S.N.M. 

Described from a very fresh specimen collected by Mr. Miller. A 
male from Orizaba is somewhat rubbed. The fore tibix of male 
have a long process. 


TAPHONIA ? SEMIFASCIATA, new species. 


Female.—Body and wings pale ochreous, the head, collar, and 
thorax darker, grayer. Fore wings: A brown antemedial line, 
outangled on subcostal; postmedial fine almost vertical from costa, 
passing close beyond discocellular, then incurved; the medial space 
between lines from cell to inner margin fuscous brown; orbicular 
round, brown, containing some pale scales; an incurved brown line 
on discocellular followed by some brown scaling; an outer brown 
black fascia from vein 7 to inner margin, its inner edge straight, its 
outer edge incurved from vein 6 to vein 4, and from vein 3 to near 
tornus; a terminal fuscous spot above vein 7, and a subterminal dark 
point. Hind wings shaded with reddish brown on inner margin. 
Wings below ochreous brown. ‘This is certainly not a Taphonia; the 
palpi are obliquely ascending, the third joint almost as long as second, 
smooth; on fore wing veins 8, 9, 10 are on long stalk from areole. 

Expanse.—32 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19775, U.S.N.M. 


GOEDNES, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, twice the length of head; second 
joint shghtly fringed above; third jomt half as long assecond, smooth. 
Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Apex acute; vein 2 from near 

So dS ? 
lower angle; 3 from lower angle; a vesicle from veins 2 to 4; 4 and 5 
from middle of discocellular; 6 from below upper angle; areole small; 

) o ) 2 
7 from areole; 8 to 10 stalked from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above lower angle; 6 and 7 from 
upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Goednes abnormalis Schaus. 


GOEDNES ABNORMALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi: Second joint cinnamon tipped with white; third 
joint dark brown. Body dull gray. Wings light gray irrorated with 
slightly darker scales, the lines and shades pale cinnamon brown; a 
terminal brown black line. Fore wings: Subbasal and antemedial 
outcurved shades, the latter interrupted in cell anteriorly by a small 
white spot; a large white spot at end of cell between veins 2 and 4, 
followed by the outcurved medial shade; a postmedial outcurved 


832 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





line, edged on costa by a white line, followed by a large cinnamon 
shade; a whitish shade at apex. Hind wings: A broad medial and 
postmedial shade, not reaching costa, which is white to subterminal; 
the subterminal shade outwardly edged with whitish gray. Wings 
below cinnamon brown; faint darker postmedial lines. Fore wings: 
The white spots well defined. Hind wings: A darker antemedial 
shade. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19776, U.S.N.M. 


Genus LUTOGONIA Schaus. 





Tutogonia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1913, p. 30. 

Female.—Palpi porrect twice the length of head; second joint 
fringed below with long hairs; third joint smoothly scaled, the tips 
blunt. Antennae minutely ciliated. Legs smooth. Fore wings: 
Costal margin straight, outer margin rounded; vein 3 from before 
angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole very 
narrow; 7 from end; 8, 9, 10 stalked; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer 
margin slightly incurved opposite cell; veins 3 and 4 from a point; 
5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Lutogonia simplex Schaus. 


Genus TRAUAXA Walker. 


Trauaza WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1216. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, as long as head and thorax; 
second joint heavily fringed above; third joint short, acuminate, 
fringed at base. Antennae bipectinate. Legs smooth. Fore wings: 
Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from 
areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 
above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Trauaza obliqualis Walker—Hypena lua Druce.* 





Genus PHALAENOSTOLA Grote. 
Phalaenostola Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 302. 


Male.—Palpi upceurved, reaching well above head; second joint 
coarsely scaled with longer hairs behind; third joint half the length 
of second with longer hairs behind. Antennae pectinated. Legs 
smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 close 
to upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper 
angle. 

Type of genus.—Phaiaenostola larentioides Grote. 





1 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 428, pl. 34, fig. 8. 


no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3388 





Genus OCALARIA Schaus. 


Ocalaria Scuaus, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 132. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint four times the 
length of head, moderately scaled; third joint as long as second, 
smooth. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 apart; 6 below upper angle; 
areole broad; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from 
upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Ocalaria guarana Schaus. 

This genus also includes: 

Ocalaria 4. ocellata (Thyridospila) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 
1865, p. 1027. 

Ocalaria dioptica (Dialithis) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, 
p. 1077 = Cyclopteryx ? macrops, Felder and Rogenhofer Reise Novara, 
pl. 120, fig. 15. 

Ocalaria oculata (Cyclopteryx) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 2, 1898, p. 524, pl. 97, fig. 25. 

Ocalaria pavo Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, 
Deol. 





OCALARIA PAVINA, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, and thorax mottled gray and brown. 
Abdomen ocher white with a few brown irrorations. Wings whitish 
irrorated with brown, thinly so on hind wings; a subterminal dentate 
brown line. Fore wings: Costa finely dark brown; lines very fine, 
wavy, brown; antemedial inbent; a small black ocellus with a white 
point and yellow ring at end of cell, followed by the postmedial 
which crosses discocellular; an outer line, outcurved below costa; a 
subapical black spot surmounted by a white point and some metallic 
green scaling; a brown streak from ocellus to termen which is suffused 
with brown. Hind wings: A faint antemedial line; a fine streak on 
discocellular; a postmedial line; an interrupted terminal line. Wings 
below the same as above. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat—Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19777, U.S.N.M. 


SANTIAXIS, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely upbent, twice the length of head; second 
joint moderately scaled; third joint smooth, one-third as long as 
second, Antennae bipectinate. Tibiae rather short, smoothly 
scaled. Fore wings broad; outer margin obliquely rounded; a deep 
triangular fold on subcostal underneath at base; veins 3, 4, 5 near 
together; 6 below upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. 


334 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Hind wings: Cell short; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 a little 
above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 
Type of genus.—Santiaxis copvma Schaus. 
SANTIAXIS COPIMA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings slate brown; abdomen with browner irror- 
ations above. Wings: Lines dark brown; a terminal black line 
inwardly finely edged with gray, and intersected by veins; cilia pale 
tipped. Fore wings: Antemedial fine, inbent on costa, then out- 
curved from middle of cell, on costa edged by a white line inwardly; 
a faint medial line, almost vertical; postmedial slightly curved around 
reniform, outwardly finely gray edged; reniform yellow brown with 
two fuscous brown points and a similar shade beyond anostomosing 
with postmedial. Hind wings: Two large points on discocellular; 
antemedial and postmedial lines as on fore wings. Underneath gray- 
ish white irrorated with brown. Fore wings: Outer third brownish 
with a macular subterminal white le; antemedial, medial, and post- 
medial lines, the last edged with white outwardly. Hind wings with 
the two lines minutely wavy dentate. 

Expanse.—15 mm, 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19778, U.S.N.M. 
AGGUSTIANA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi porrect, three times the length of head; second joint 
with triangular tuft above. Antennae pectinated. Legs smooth. 
Wings broad. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 from lower 
angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 10 from 
areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well 
above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Gustiana libitina Druce.* 

The genus includes also: 

Aggustiana limaea (Gustiana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1890, p. 426, pl. 35, fig. 2. 

Aggustiana intermedia (Gustiana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 2, 1898, p. 522, pl. 97, fig. 21. 

Aggustiana mecyanalis (Gustiana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 2, 1898, p. 523, pl. 97, fig. 22. 

Aggustiana nigripalpis (Gustiana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 2, 1898, p. 523, pl. 97, fig. 23. 

Aggustiana guarda (Gustiana) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 
30, 1904, p. 168. 

Aggustiana undilinea (Gustiana) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 
3, wol. 11; 1913-p..29. 

Aggustiana mox (Gustiana) Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 
1914, p. 386. 


1 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 425, pl. 35, fig. 1. 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 8385 





AGGUSTIANA FRAGILALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi light brown with darker irrorations. Head and tho- 
rax whjtish gray irrorated with brown; the collar tinged with light 
brown. Fore wings gray; a fine brown inbent, wavy, antemedial 
line; a postmedial brownish fascia, edged by the medial and post- 
medial lines, the former passing across the dark brown discocellular 
streak, the latter wavy and not pale-edged as in A. limaea Druce; a 
fine wavy subterminal line. Hind wings dull gray; a fine dark ter- 
minal line, straight, not crenulate as in A. limaea. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat —Zacualpan, Mexico. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19779, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PHILOMETRA Grote. 


Philometra Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1872, p. 98. 


Male.—Palpi very long, porrect, slightly fringed above near base. 
Antennae pectinated. Wings broad. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 
equally apart; 6 below upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10, from areole; 11 
free. Hind wings: Veims 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above 
angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Philometra longilabris Grote, which sinks as a syno- 
nym of metonalis (Herminia) Walker.'=gaosalis (Epizeuxis) Walker.? 


Genus DERCETIS Grote. 


Dercetis GROTE, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 4, 1878, p. 186. 


Male.—Palpi long, porrect, four times as long as head; second joint 
with triangular tuft above near head; third joint short, acute, slightly 
fringed above. Antennae bipectinate. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore 
wings: Outer margin sinuous; veins 3, 4, 5, equally apart; 6 below 
upper angle; areole very small; 7, 8 and 9,10,from areole; 11 free. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 from near lower 
angle. 

Type of genus.—Dercetis vitrea Grote. 


DERCETIS POLYIDUS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi white irrorated with dark gray. Body creamy white 
irrorated with light brown. Fore wings brownish white; costal 
and outer margins finely striated with brown; lines fuscous brown on 
costa, heavily marked, otherwise light brown, indistinct; a subbasal 
spot on costa; antemedial outcurved below cell; an oblique spot on 


1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 236, 2 Idem, vol. 19, 1859, p. 876. 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





costa above orbicular, which is very small; reniform consisting of a 
yellow white shade surrounded by dark spots, the one behind largest ; 
postmedial finely wavy, outcurved, followed by a fuscous shade from 
vein 5 to termen at vein 4; a well-marked fine dark terminal line. 
Hind wings white, the termen shaded with light brown; a dark brown 
terminal line. Wings below white. Fore wings: Costa and apex with 
dark striae; a fuscous shade from costa postmedially to termen at vein 
4. ind wings thinly striated with brown except below cell; the apex 
more heavily striated; a dark discal line; a postmedial line; subter- 
minal line interrupted from vein 4 to near inner margin. 

Expanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19810, U.S.N.M. 
DERCETIS PERDICCAS, new species. 


Male.—Body and fore wings gray brown. Abdomen with fine whit- 
ish segmental lines. Fore wings: The brown scaling forming fine 
lines; traces of an antemedial and a postmedial lunular dentate fine 
darker line. Hind wings whitish ocher, suffused with brown; traces 
of a postmedial and a subterminal line toward inner margin, the latter 
line angled. Hind wings below white irrorated with brown, less so on 
inner margin. 

Expanse.—9 mm. 

Habitat—Taboga Island, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19811, US.NM. 


DERCETIS IPHIAS, new species. 


Male.—Body gray; abdomen with pale segmental lines. Fore 
wings gray, finely mottled with grayish brown; lines fine indistinct 
brown, originating from fuscous costal spots; antemedial wavy, verti- 
cal; postmedial outcurved beyond cell, dentate lunular; reniform 
white and light brown crossed by a dark brown line; an interrupted 
terminal dark line. Hind wings white shaded with pale grayish 
brown; a terminal dark line. Fore wings below gray, the costa white 
crossed by dark striae; reniform white crossed by a dark line; a fus- 
cous streak on costa above it; a subterminal dark line on costa. 
Hind wings below white mottled with brown, chiefly on costa; a brown 
discal spot; postmedial and subterminal brown lines; an interrupted 
fuscous brown terminal line on both wings. 

Female grayer. Fore wings: The lines more distinct, not originating 
from costal spots; reniform inwardly white, outwardly yellow; a whit- 
ish subterminal line. Hind wings: A fine postmedial line; a whitish 
subterminal line; the terminal line on both wings finer than in male. 
Fore wings below dull brown; the costa medially irrorated with white; 
reniform as above. Hind wings below brown irrorated with white, the 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3387 





inner margin broadly white; the dark line on discocellular inwardly 
edged with white; a dark brown postmedial line; subterminal line 
white. 

Expanse.—Male, 12 mm.; female 16 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19812, U.S.N.M. 

This may be the same as the North American D. pygmaea Grote. 

Possibly sexes of different species. 


Genus GUSTIANA Walker. 

Gustiana WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 24, 1862, p. 1099. 

Gaala WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1128. 

Male.—Palpi long, porrect; second joint fringed above at base; 
third joint upturned. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth. 
Wings: Outer margins angled. Fore wings: Vein 3 from lower 
angle; 4 and 5 apart, above angle; 6 from upper angle; areole very 
large; 7, 8, and 9; 10 from end of areole; 11 free; costal vein ap- 
proximating 11. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 
5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Gustiana subfiexata Walker=Platydia abditalis 
Walker != Herminia? figuralis Walker ?= Gaala dispunctalis Walker.* 





Genus HORMISA Walker. 


Hormisa WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 74. 
Litognatha Grote, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1873, p. 85. (Type, L. 
nubilifascia Grote=absorptalis ( Hormisa) Walker.‘ 


> 


Sisyrhypena Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 5, 1873, p. 227. (Type, S. pupillaris Grote, 
which sinks as a synonym of Hormisa? orciferalis Walker.) ° 

Pallachira Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 9, 1877, p. 197. (Type, P. biviltata Grote.) ® 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint four times the 
length of head, slender, thinly fringed above; third joint half the 
length of second, smooth. Antennae pectinated with small tuft at 
one-third from base. Wings broad. Fore wings: Costa straight; 
apex not acute; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 from before 
lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 
10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin straight from 
vein 7 to vein 2; 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 
7 stalked. 

Type of genus.—H. absorptalis Walker. 


Genus ATOPOMORPHA Warren. 
Atopomorpha WarRreEN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 252. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching above head; third joint with 
long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent ciliate with hairy tuft 





1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 11. 4 Idem, vol. 16, 1858, p. 74. 
2 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., ser. 3, vol. 1, 1862, p. 112. 5 Idem, vol. 16, 1858, p. 235. 
8 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1129. 6 Can. Ent., vol. 9, 1877, p. 198. 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——22 


338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


before middle. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with short process; hind 
tibiae with fringe of hairs. Fore wings narrow; outer margin 
obliquely sinuous; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 
arcole narrow; 7 from end of areole; 8 and 9 on short stalk; 10 from 
areole above; 11 free. Hind wings produced below apex, slightly 
incurved from vein 4 to anal angle; veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 
shortly stalked; 5 well above angle. 

Type of genus.—Atopomorpha singularis Warren. 

T am inclined to believe that Zanclognatha? denisi Felder and 
Rogenhofer,! is the female of Atopomorpha singularis Warren, in 
spite of their dissimilarity. 


Genus MEGATOMIS Hubner. 


Megatomis HiBNER, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, p. 342. 
Homogramma GuENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 88. Type, H. mialis Guenée= 
Megatomis lacratesalis 2 Walker. 
Aegara WaLKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1128. Type, A. interruptalis 
Walker= Megatomis polycletusalis Walker,’ the latter name having priority. 
Batyma Scuaus, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 30,1906, p. 130. Type, B. onesalis 
Schaus. 

Male.—Palpi long, upcurved, reaching beyond head; third joint 
with long hairs on inner side. Antennae pubescent cilate with tuft 
usually at middle of shaft. Fore tibiae and base of tarsi densely 
scaled. Fore wings: Outer margin irregular; veins 3, 4,5 equally 
apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole, which is small 
or narrow; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 
above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Megatomis mimalis Hiibner= Homogramma hu- 
moralis Guenée.* ; 

The genus also includes: 

Megatomis acidalialis (Homogramma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyrai., 1854, 
p.-90. 

Megatomis macarialis (Homogramma) Guenée, Delt. et Pryal., 1854. 
p. 90= Megatomis augiasalis Walker Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 
144, 

Megatomis moribundalis (Homogramma) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 
1854, p. 91. 

Megatomis lysippusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, 
p- 146. 

Megatomis leosalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 147. 
The type, a male, has no antennae and may not belong here. 

Megatomis hastiferalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 243. 








1 Reise Novara, 1873, pl..120, fig. 28. 8’ Tdem, vol. 16, 1858, p. 145. 
2 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 884. 4 Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 90. 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3389 





Megatomis otisalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 244. 

Megatomis styrusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 866, 
the female of ophelasalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1859, p. 868. 

Megatomis euphronialis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 
885. 

Megatomis compta (Thyridospila) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 
1865, p. 1026. 

Megatomis acuminatalis (Platydia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 
33, 1865, p. 1026. 

The types of the last two species are females and they may possibly 
not belong here. 

Megatomis remulcens Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, 
pl. 120, fig. 3 

Megatomis mikani Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 1873, pl. 
120, fig. 3 31 

Megaidenis terricola Méschler, Lep. Surinam, vol. 3, 1880, p. 472. 

Megatomis bidentalis Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 243. 
Probably belongs to a different genus. 

Megatomis lyceus (Bleptina) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 457 (pl. 37, fig. 19, female) = Megatomis antoma Druce, 
Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 468, pl. 38, figs. 26, 26a, 
male. 

Megatomis anna Druce, te Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 
467, pl. 38, figs. 21, 21a, 22 

Megatomis yee Onda gees 3iol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 467, pl. 38, figs. 23, 23a, 24. 

Deans anthipp e Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 468, pl. 38, figs. 25, 25a. 

Megatomis mago on phrage) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 468, pl. 38, figs. 27, 27a. 

EMinatonis anyte (eer oe ge) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 469, pl. 38, figs. 28, 28a 

Pe atari trinidalis neni Het. janee Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 57. 


MEGATOMIS BREVILINEALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and fore wings purplish slate color. Fore wings: 
Costa striated with yellow buff; antemedial line fuscous brown, out- 
bent; orbicular round, yellow buff, edged with fuscous brown; reni- . 
form similar, narrow, incurved, followed by a yellow point; post- 
medial line bluntly outangled on costal margin, incurved, almost 
touching reniform, white, inwardly shaded with dark brown, and 
followed by a greyish shade and some yellow buff mottling, chiefly 
towards inner margin; subterminal line yellow buff, angled and in- 
curved from below vein 6 to vein 3, then again incurved, preceded 


340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 50. 








by a fuscous brown shade, which crosses the line at vein 7 to apex; 
a dark terminal line. Hind wings tinged with brown; the postmedial 
white line and buff shading only from vein 4 to vein 2. Fore wings 
below dull greyish brown, the costal margin mottled with yellow 
buff; a faint discocellular streak and postmedial line; subterminal 
buff white spots from costa to vein 6. Hind wings below brown 
thickly irrorated with buff; a dark postmedial line; subterminal line, 
whitish, macular, better marked on fold and at anal angle. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19813, U.S.N.M. 


MEGATOMIS SEMIOTHISA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings pale lilacine brown, with a few dark striae 
and irrorations. Fore wings: An antemedial dark line, very faint; 
orbicular small yellowish white, darker edged; reniform similar, 
linear, oblique; postmedial line remote, very fine, fuscous, edged out- 
wardly with white, then with light brown, which is divided by a dark 
brown subterminal line, geminate towards inner margin; these lines 
and shades close together forming a subterminal fascia; a terminal 
dark lunular line. Hind wings similar, without the antemedial line. 
Wings below whitish buff, striated with brown; a single fine post- 
medial line, rather indistinct. 

Expanse.—26 mm. 

Habitat.—Rockstone, British Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19814, U.S.N.M. 


MEGATOMIS SUBMARCATA, new species. 





Male.—Palpi outwardly dark brown. Frons brown; vertex white. 
Collar and thorax irrorated with brown. Abdomen grey brown, more 
darkly irrorated; whitish segmental lines; basal segment whitish buff. 
Fore wings: Costal margin whitish buff striated with brown, except 
apically; base and medial space dark brown; outer space lighter 
brown, the termen shaded with white from apex to vein 4, and at 
tornus; antemedial line outangled, white; orbicular linear, oblique, 
white; reniform white, narrower in front, expanding behind; post- 
medial outangled on costa, fuscous, inbent sinuous, white from vein 
6 to inner margin. Hind wings brown, shaded with fuscous medially; 
postmedial line broad, white; a subterminal whitish line expanding 
at anal angle; a terminal fuscous brown line on both wings. Wings 
below mottled white and buff with dark brown striae; lines heavy, 
brown black; a terminal wavy dark line. Fore wings: Antemedial in 
cell before the oblique white orbicular; medial space in cell brown 
black; a dark curved line on discocellular followed by a white shade; 
postmedial line vertical; dark spots from vein 6 to apex. Hind 


no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 841 





wings: A vertical antemedial line; postmedial outcurved; subter- 
minal faintly indicated by fine darker shadings. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19815, U.S.N.M. 


MEGATOMIS HERMIA, new species. 


Female-—Body and wings purplish slate color. Fore wings: 
Antemedial line white, preceded by a bright brown shade; cell and 
medial space below it dark brown; orbicular small, white; reniform 
linear, white, continuing as a white line to inner margin, followed 
by a bright brown shade; some buff brown irrorations on costa; asub- 
terminal fuscous brown irregular shade; postmedial line dark brown 
only traceable on costa; termen paler shaded, interrupted by a 
brown shade at vein 4; a dark terminal line. Hind wings: A medial 
white line as on fore wings, preceeded by a dark brown shade; a darker 
outer line, outangled at vein 5, then incurved to near medial line, 
limiting the dark shadings; veins terminally broadly darker slate 
color. Fore wings below yellow brown to postmedial fine dark line, 
striated with darker brown; inner margin greyish; outer space fus- 
cous grey; a subterminal faint whitish line followed by small black 
spots above veins 6 and 7; a terminal white shade below apex and at 
vein 3. Hind wings below fuscous grey irrorated with white; medial 
and postmedial lines fine, dark brown, edging a broad yellow brown 
space; subterminal fine, whitish, partly edged with dark brown 
shading. 

Expanse.—19 mm. 

Halitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type—Cat. No. 19816, U.S.N.M. 


Genus TARISTA Schaus. 


Tarista Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 23. 

-Male.—Palpi upturned, second joint fringed with hair above, 
third joint very short. Antennae pubescent ciliate with raised tuft 
about middle of shaft. Fore tibiae and tarsi with long tufts of hair. 
Fore wings narrow; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower 
angle; 6 below upper angle; areole narrow; 7, 8, and 9 on long stalk, 
10 from end of areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 
7 from angles; 5 from near lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Tarista morosa Schaus. 

The genus includes also: 

Tarista nigrirenalis (bleptina) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p. 68. 
=Renia lytocalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 881. 


342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


Tarista lydia (Aristaria) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 458, pl. 37, figs. 20, 20a. 

Tarista lycaon (Aristaria) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 459, pl. 37, fig. 22. 

Tarista ricalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 126. 

Tarista cacalis (Renia) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, 
p: 2%. 

Tarista stolalis (Aristaria) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 127= Tarista innocua Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
VOLO: 19131225: 

Tarista rufipalps Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 24. 

Tarista vnvida Dognin, Lep. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 69. 


TARISTA ALBIAPICALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body dark brown; abdomen terminally with white seg- 
mental lines. Wings purplish brown. Fore wings: Antemedial 
fuscous points on veins; an orbicular white point; reniform large, 
ochreous brown, inwardly edged by a white crescent; a fine post- 
medial fuscous brown line, outangled beyond cell; a subterminal 
broad dark brown line from apex, parallel with postmedial below 
vein 7; a terminal white spot just below apex, including cilia, sur- 
mounted by a black point; a terminal dark line. Hind wings: Disk 
browner shaded; postmedial and subterminal, straight and parallel 
as on fore wing, terminating in a white shade at anal angle, which 
is distinctly produced; the subterminal is crossed by a whitish line 
near anal angle. 

The female is almost similar; an antemedial wavy brown line; 
anal angle of hind wings rounded and without white. ‘ 

Expanse.—Male, 20 mm.; female, 24 mm. 

Habitat—Male: Trinidad River, Panama; female, Peru. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19817, U.S.N.M. 





Genus ZANCLOGNATHA Lederer. 


Zanclognatha LepreRER, Noct. Eur., 1857, p. 211. 

Pityolita Grove, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1873, p.39. (Type, Herminia 
pedipilalis Guenee, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 57.) 

Cleptomita Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 301. (Type, C. atri- 
lineella Grote.) 

Male.—Palpi upceurved reaching well above vertex, shortly 
fringed; third joint less than half the length of second, roughly 
scaled with some longer hairs behind. Antennae pubescent ciliate 
with small tuft before the middle. Wings broad. Fore wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 from upper 





no. 21382. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 843 


angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from narrow areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 very shortly stalked or from angle; 5 well above angle; 
6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Paraculaz tarsiplumalis Hiibner. 


Genus CHYTOLITA Grote. 
Chytolita Grote, Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1873, p. 309. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint four times the 
length of head, roughly scaled and fringed behind; third joint roughly 
scaled, one-fourth the length of second. Antennae pubescent ciliate 
with small tuft or swelling at one-third from base. Fore tibiae with 
long sheath containing floeculent scales. Wings broad. Fore wings: 
Outer margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally and well apart; 6 near 
upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 
3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 stalked. 

Type of genus.—Herminia morbidalis Guenée. 


Genus CHARMODIA Modschler. 


Charmodia Méscuuer, Beitr. Schmett.-Fauna Surinam, pt. 5, 1882, p. 356. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved, angled above vertex and reaching to 
near end of abdomen. Antennae pubescent with long cilia. Legs 
smooth; fore tibiae with moderate process. Fore wings: Outer 
margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle equally apart; 6 close 
to upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free from middle of 
cell. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 near lower 
angle. 

Type of genus.—Charmodia vectis Méschler = Hypenodes lysizona 
Druce * = Mastigophorus pasiihea Schaus.* 


Genus LOPHOPHORA Moschler. 


Lophophora Méscuter, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 227. 


Male.—Palpi thickly scaled; second joint angled back over head. 
third joint reaching thorax. Antennae pubescent. Legs smooth. 
Fore wings: Vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower 
angle; 6 from upper angle; areole small, narrow; 7, 8 and 9, 10 
from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 38 and 4 shortly stalked; 
5 from above angle; 6 and 7 shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Lophophora clanymoides Moschler. 

Herminia? thaumasalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, 
p. 109, probably belongs here; the type is a female and bears a 
resemblance to L. clanymovdes. 

1 Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 56, pl. 6, fig. 3. 


2 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 441, pl. 36, fig. 2. 
3 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 6. 


344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


LOPHOPHORA EVAN, new species. 


Male.—Palpi outwardly, head, collar, and thorax fuscous brown. 
Abdomen light brown; segmental white lines; a fuscous dorsal patch 
at base. Fore wings: Base fuscous brown followed by a white shade; 
medial space light brown, darker shaded at center and on discocellular; 
a postmedial white shade, outangled at vein 4, followed by a fuscous 
shade from vein 6 to costa; a dark brown shade at tornus, outer 
margin otherwise slate grey, interrupted by a whitish shade from 
angle of postmedial to termen. Hind wings whitish thickly irrorated 
with dark brownish grey; a darker medial shade and postmedial line, 
the latter followed by a clear white shade from vein 5 to inner margin; 
subterminal shade darkest from vein 3 to inner margin. Fore wings 
below dark grey; a black line on discocellular; some orange scaling 
above it. Hind wings below white; some brown striae and irrora- 
tions; costa near base shaded with orange; a fine black line on disco- 
cellular; medial and postmedial yellowish shades; a subterminal 
dark brown line. 

Expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19818, U.S.N.M. 


PAL THISOMIS, mevwi genus: 


Male.—Antennace pubescent ciliate. Palpi: second joint obliquely 
ascending, four times the length of head; third joint sharply angled 
back, long, terminating in long curly hairs. Body slender; legs 
smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin produced; 
vein 3 from lower angle; 4 and 5 near together, slightly above angle; 
6 from upper angle; areole long and narrow, 7, 8 and 9, and 10 from 
areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 shortly 
stalked; 5 above lower angle. 

Type of genus—Herminia baresalis Walker = bleptina peniedlalis 
Walker. , 

Genus GIZAMA Walker. 


Gizama WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 192. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved to thorax; second joint shortly and densely 
scaled in front; third joint with long hairs on inner side. Antennae 
pubescent ciliate, dilated toward end. Legs moderately hairy. 
Fore wings narrow; apex acute; outer margin rounded, somewhat 
oblique; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from 
upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from end of areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 very 
shortly stalked. 





1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 859. 
2 Trans. Ent. Soe. London, ser. 3, vol. 1, 1862, p. 1137. 


No. 21382, REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAB—SCHAUS. 845 





Type of genus.—Gizama midasalis Walker. 
The genus also contains: 
Gizama cuculalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 57. 


GIZAMA BRONSONALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi brown outwardly, luteous inwardly. Head, collar, 
thorax, and fore wings fuscous brown; a lateral spot on collar and fore 
tarsi yellowish ocher. Fore wings: Costal margin yellowish ocher, 
tinged with brown on extreme front edge; very faint traces of black 
antemedial and postmedial lines; terminal space irrorated with 
lilacine blue seales, ceasing on inner side in a straight line, outwardly 
leaving a terminal undulating brown line; cilia fuscous gray mottled 
with ocherous. Abdomen and hind wings fuscous gray; a postme- 
dial black line; termen tinged with paler gray with the terminal line 
as on fore wings. Hind wings below grayer, and with brown discal 
spot on postmedial line, and subterminal shade. 

Expanse.—37 mm. 

Habitat.—Poas, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19819, U.S.N.M. 

I think this is the Bocana pagasusalis of the Biologia, not Walker. 


GIZAMA UNDILINEALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax dark velvety brown. Abdomen 
and hind wings fuscous. Fore wings dark olive brown; costa yellow- 
ish white to close to apex; lines fine, fuscous, indistinct; antemedial 
wavily outbent; postmedial lunular, outcurved beyond cell, incurved 
below it; reniform indistinct, fuscous, inwardly finely edged with 
ocherous; subterminal distinct, fine, ocherous, outwardly indicated 
by small dark spots on the otherwise ocherous terminal space; ter- 
minal triangular dark spots. Hind wings: A pale subterminal line 
below vein 5, angled to termen at vein 2... Hind wings below grayish, 
thickly irrorated with brown; a dark discocellular line; a postmedial 
line. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Orizaba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19820, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PYRGION Druce. 
Pyrgion Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 453. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved, reaching thorax behind; third joint clothed 
with long hairs. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore legs hairy with 
short process. ore wings long and narrow; costa arched near base; 
apex acute; outer margin rounded; costa below with ridge of down- 
turned hairs; vein 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart from 
lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from end of areole; 


346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 
well above lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Pyrgion menippusalis of the Biologia, not Walker, = 
Scopifera repanda Schaus.' The species will stand as Pyrgion repanda 
Schaus.? 

Genus POENOMIA Schaus. 


Poenomia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 35. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved, third joint longer than second, upturned, 
diverging with long tufts from its base on inner side. Antennae 
pubescent ciliate. Fore tibiae hairy. Wings narrow. Fore wings: 
Costal margin with fold at base below; veins 3, 4, 5 close together 
from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 7,8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 
free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on short stalk; 5 near 
lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Poenomia turpis Schaus. 

This genus also includes: 

Poenomaa berthalis (Palthis) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 128. 

Poenomia maculata Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 35. 

Poenomia hiempsal Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 36. 

Poenomia frigidalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 83. 


Genus REJECTARIA Guenée. 


Rejectaria GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 85. 

Narcaea Deuce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 449, pl. 36, figs. 21, 21a, 
24. Type, N. villosa Druce. 

Paromia Scuavus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 23. Type, 
P. nigripunctata Schaus. 


Male.—Palpi curved back over head; second joint slender, thickly 
sealed; third joint with long tufts on inner side, reaching abdomen. 
Legs smooth; fore tibiae hairy gnd with process. Fore wings: Costa 
slightly depressed; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 close to 
lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 9, and 
10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 on 
short stalk; 5 close to lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Rejectaria cocytalis Guenée. 

Casperia Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 9, 1868, p.194. Type, 
C. erebipennis Walker, is in all probability a synonym of Rejectaria 
Guenée, or it may be an older name for Strathocles Druce. The spe- 
cies is unknown to me. 





1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 208. 
2 Figured in Biologia, 1891, pl. 37, figs. 10, 10a, 11. 


no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 347 





The genus also includes: * 

Rejectaria cocytalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 86= Bertula 
talausalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 168. 

Rejectaria erebalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 86= Hypena 
moestalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 81. 

*Rejectaria theclalis (Cyclopteryx) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 91=Physula palindia Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 
1372; pl. 120, fig. 7. 

Rejectaria niciasalis (Bertula) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, 
WaeOr: . 

Rejectarva pharusalis (Bocana) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 185. 

Rejectaria rosimonalis (Gizama) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 193. 

Rejectaria lysandria (Simplicia?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1891, p. 448, pl. 36, figs. 19, 19a. 

Rejectaria anysis (Simplicia?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 448, pl. 36, figs. 20, 20a. 

?Rejectaria maera (Simplicia?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 448, pl. 36, figs. 22, 22a, 23. 

Rejectaria villosa (Narcaea) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 449, pl. 36, figs. 21, 21a, 24. 

Rejectaria magas (Bleptina?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 456, pl. 37, fig. 15. 

Rejectaria aratus (Bleptina?) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 
1, 1891, p. 456, pl. 37, fig. 17. 

Rejectaria lyse (Bocana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 477, pl. 89, figs. 26, 26a. 

Rejectaria antorides (Bocana) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
p. 478, pl. 39, figs. 27, 27a. 

Rejectaria amicalis (Hypena) Maassen, Stiibel Reise, 1890, p. 153, 
le 7, to. 19: 

Rejectaria atrax (Nareaea) Dognin, Le Naturaliste, 1891, p. 126; 
Lep. Loja, p. 97, pl. 10, figs. 14, 14a=Rejectaria splendida Schaus, 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 209. 

Rejectaria chisena (Neoherminia) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 30, 1906, p. 121. 

Rejeciaria paulosa (Nicetas) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 132. 

Rejectaria funebris (Strathocles) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser 
8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 209. 

Rejectaria modestalis (Neoherminia) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 9, 1912, p. 210. 

Rejectaria nigripunctata (Paromia) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.,ser. 
8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 23. 


348 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





Rejectaria arenacea (Drepanopalpia) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. I'l, 1913, p.°19. 

Rejectaria fulvibrunnea (Neoherminia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, 
fasc. 8, 1914, p. 61. 

Rejectaria pallescens (Drepanopalpia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, 
fasc. 8, 1914, p. 62. 

Rejectaria nucina (Drepanopalpia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 
8, 1914, p. 62. 

Rejectaria lineata (Drepanopalpia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 
SSI mses tay i's 

Rejectaria vncola Dognin, Het. Amer. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 70. 

*Rejectaria gallinalis (Blemmatia?t) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise 
Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 22. 

’Rejectaria carapa (Blemmatia?) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise 
Novara, 1873, pl. 120, fig. 34. 

The following two species, described from females, probably belong 
here: 

Bleptina virbiusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 126. 

Bleptina prunescens Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 240. 


REJECTARIA PARVIPUNCTALIS, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings very dark brown. 
Abdomen and hind wings slightly duller brown. Palpi with white 
ring on 2d joint, and white tip on 3d joint. Tarsi ringed with white. 
Wings: Terminal white spots on interspaces. Fore wings: Traces of 
fuscous antemedial, medial, and postmedial lines, the last followed 
by a more distinct outer line, wavily dentate, outwardly edged with | 
dull lilacine; reniform narrow, sinuous, outlined in white; subter- 
minal line distinct, wavy, white. Hind wings: Traces of a dark 
postmedial line; a faint white, dentate, subterminal line. Wings 
below gray brown; dark discal points; postmedial line dentate and 
heavier on hind wings, outwardly edged with gray; subterminal line 
thick, white, wavily dentate; an interrupted dark lunular terminal 
line. 

Expanse.—44 mm. 

Habitat—Espiritu Santo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19821, U.S.N.M. 





REJECTARIA CUCUTALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax brownish ocher. Abdomen dark 
gray brown, with pale segmental lines. Fore wings light ocherous 
brown, crossed by dark brown lines or shades; a basal and a subbasal 
shade; a fine, geminate, antemedial, vertical line; an inbent medial 
darker line, geminate from cell to inner margin, followed from below 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 349 





reniform by another paler line; orbicular spot small, whitish; reni- 
form large, whitish, crossed by an incurved dark line, and partly 
dark edged; postmedial finely wavy, barely outcurved below costa, 
partly followed by a fine geminate shade; subterminal line ocherous 
white, outangled above vein 6, where it is preceded by a large tri- 
angular brown. black spot, with a similar minute spot below it, and 
a dark brown shade above it to apex. Hind wings brownish gray; 
a faint darker medial line; a postmedial line, brown spotted near 
inner margin; subterminal line pale, very darkly edged, from vein 5 
to termen at vein 2. Fore wings below dull brownish gray; a disco- 
cellular point, fine postmedial line, and large fuscous subapical spot. 
Hind wings below bone color with some darker irrorations; a point 
in cell, and larger spot on discocellular; medial, postmedial, and 
subterminal lines, expanding in places. 

Expanse.—24 mm. 

Habitat.—Cucuta, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19822, U.S.N.M. 


REJECTARIA CRAFTSALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and wings dark brownish slate color. 
Abdomen black above, shaded with gray at base. Fore wings: 
Lines black; antemedial straight, outbent, inwardly edged with dark 
eray; a narrow, straight, fuscous medial shade, slightly inbent; two 
small white spots on discocellular; postmedial line outwardly edged 
with dark gray, vertical on extreme costa, then slightly outcurved 
and inbent; subterminal line fine, white, interrupted and indistinct; 
a terminal black line, its inner edge lunular. Hind wings: A faint 
straight, postmedial black line, outwardly pale edged near inner 
margin; a fine subterminal dentate white line below vein 5, not 
reaching inner margin; a terminal black line. Wings below fuscous 
gray, with whitish irrorations; terminal triangular black spots; a pale 
subterminal dentate line; a dentate postmedial line, better marked 
on hind wings; black discocellular spots. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habiltat—Corozal, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19823, U.S.N.M. 

Named after the collector, C. P. Crafts. 


REJECTARIA ZENOS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dull brown. Wings: A subterminal wavy 
ocher gray line, inwardly shaded with fuscous brown; a straight 
similar line from costa of fore wing to near anal angle of hind wing. 
Fore wings: An almost straight antemedial ocher gray line, out- 
wardly shaded with fuscous brown; a slightly curved whitish line at 
end of cell. Wings below grayish brown; postmedial and sub- 


850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





terminal gray white lines, minutely lunular, and inwardly shaded 
with fuscous. 

Expanse.—31 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19824, U.S.N.M. 


Genus STRATHOCLES Druee. 





Strathocles Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 451. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching thorax behind; second joint 
fringed in front; third joimt with long flocculent curly hairs. 
Antennae pubescent, ciliate. Legs very hairy; a large process on 
fore tibiae; hind tibiae and tarsi very heavily fringed. Fore wings: 
Costa on basal half slightly depressed; vein 2 well beyond middle of 
cell; 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart from lower angle; 
6 from upper angle; areole rather small, narrow; 7,8, 9, and 10 from 
end of areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 
shortly stalked; 5 well above lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Strathocles ribbei Druce. 

The following species are also included: 

Strathocles imitata Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 452, pl. 37, fig. 9. 

? Strathocles punctiuncula Dognin, Het. Amér.Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p.66. 

? Strathocles albipulla Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 67. 

? Strathocles pulla Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 67. 

? Strathocles parvipulla Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 68. 

I am only acquainted with S. ribbei Druce; the other species may 
possibly not belong here. 


Genus DREPANOPALPIA Hampson. 


Drepanopalpia Hameson, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1898, p. 255. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, reaching abdomen, fringed in front, also 
terminally behind; third joint upturned. Antennae pubescent, 
ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with long process. Fore wings: 
Veins 3, 4, 5 about equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7,8 and 9, 10 
from end of areole which is small; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 
4 and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 well above lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Drepanopalpia polycyma Hampson. 


Genus NEOHERMINIA Druce. 
Neoherminia Drucr, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 471. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching a little above vertex; second joint 
with large triangular tuft in front; third joint short with short fringe. 
Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore tibiae with hairy 
process. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3851 





near lower angle; 4 and 5 slightly apart; 6 from upper angle; areole 
narrow; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from end; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 
4, and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; vein 5 close to lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Bleptina fadusalis Walker != pyramusalis of Bio- 
logia, not Walker. 

The genus also includes: 

Neoherminia lojanalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, 
p- 60. 

Neoherminia nigridiscatalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, 
p- 60. 

Nodaria pachypalpia Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 
vol. 7, 1901, p. 250, of which I have received a drawing looks very 
much like N. santiagonis Schaus, but the palpi do not agree. 


NEOHERMINIA ISENENIAS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax in front dull brown; thorax 
behind and base of abdomen buff; abdomen otherwise thickly irro- 
rated with dark grayish brown. Fore wings brown to beyond cell, 
darker shaded on costa; antemedial line fine, fuscous, outangled on 
subcostal, outset and inbent below cell; reniform space small, whitish, 
containing a small black spot, preceded by a fuscous brown line; a 
dark brown shade from reniform to inner margin, straight, and slightly 
inbent; postmedial fine, dark brown, shaded with white on both 
sides, inbent on costa, outset at vein 7, very slightly inbent and 
faintly sinuous; a broad dark brown shade crosses the subterminal at 
veins 6 and 7 to apex; the subterminal fine, white, outwardly shaded 
with dark brown; a marginal fuscous line, its inner edge curved on 
interspaces, outwardly edged with white; cilia fuscous gray, tipped 
with white spots. Hind wings grayish brown; the postmedial, sub- 
terminal, and terminal lines as on fore wings. Fore wings below 
grayish brown, the costal margin paler with outer lines as above. 
Hind wings below whitish irrorated with brown; a dark discal spot; 
a fine postmedial line, followed by a broad fuscous brown shade, 
narrowing toward inner margin, and suffusing toward costa with the 
fine subterminal line; the terminal line on both wings as above. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19825, U.S.N.M. 


NEOHERMINIA? SANTIAGONIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi ocher brown, fringed in front with fuscous gray. 
Head brown. Collar brown in front, tinged with fuscous behind. 
Thorax mottled brown and fuscous. Abdomen ocherous irrorated 


1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 867. 


S52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


with dark brown. Fore wings mottled light and fuscous brown; a 
subbasal black streak on costa, and a spot below cell; antemedial line 
dentate, black; a fuscous medial shade; a white spot at end of cell 
crossed by a fuscous sinuous line; a fuscous postmedial line, dentate 
beyond cell, incurved below it; subterminal white points on veins, 
faintly connected by a whitish line; terminal fuscous lunules on inter- 
spaces. Hind wings grayish brown; dark terminal lunules; traces of 
postmedial and subterminal dentate white lines near inner margin. 
Hind wings below white irrorated with brown; a dark discal spot; a 
brown postmedial line, and fainter subterminal shade; an interrupted 
terminal shade. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19826, U.S.N.M. 

This species differs from typical Neoherminia in haying a crenulate 
fringe in front on joints 2 and 3 of palpi. 


Genus HYPENULA Grote. 


Hypenula Grove, Can. Ent., vol. 8, 1876, p. 27. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved reaching well above head; second joint 
fringed in front and behind; third joint less than half the length of 
second, heavily frmged behind, shortly fringed in front. Antennae 
pubescent ciliate. Fore tibiae with long narrow sheath. Fore wings: 
Veins 3, 4, 5 apart; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 
11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle or very 
shortly stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 very shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Hypenula opacalis Grote, which sinks as a 
synonym of cacuminalis UTypena) Walker,!= Herminia  biferalis 
Walker.? 

The following species also belongs in this genus: 

Hypenula complectalis (Bleptina) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, 
p- 68=Bleptina flesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 121. 


HYPENULA DELEONA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dark brown, the abdomen and fore wings 
usually tinged with purple. Fore wings: Antemedial line wavy, light 
brown, partly irrorated with white, and outwardly finely edged with 
black; orbicular an indistinct light brown spot, sometimes a white 
point; reniform narrow, slightly incurved, light brown with a white 
point at either end, sometimes filled in with white; postmedial fine, 
black, lunular dentate, outwardly edged with light brown; very faint 
traces of a subterminal broken line; terminal black points; cilia fuscous 
gray. Hind wings dark brown; traces of fuscous medial and termi- 


1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1859, p. 37. 2Idem, vol. 16, 1859, p. 237. 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY, HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 358 


nal lines. Wings below brighter brown; a dark postmedial line; hind 
wings with a fine, somewhat wavy, subterminal white line. The 3d 
jomt of palpi is rather heavily tufted behind and has a shght fringe 
in front. The sheath on fore tibiae extends over base of tarsi. 

Female.—Lighter brown, still paler where crossed by the fine 
black antemedial and postmedial lines, the former somewhat wavy, 
the latter lunular dentate; an interrupted terminal black line. Hind 
wings below thickly irrorated with brown; a dark discocellular line; a 
brown postmedial line; a pale subterminal line, inwardly dark shaded. 

Expanse.—Male 28 mim.; female 30 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19827, U.S.N.M. 


HYPENULA MIRIAM, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings fuscous brown, the fore wings slightly 
tinged with purple. Fore wings: Antemedial and postmedial lines 
very indistinct, a little darker than ground color, but mottled with 
whitish on costa; orbicular round, light brown; reniform incurved, 
light brown, crossed by a fuscous line, and partly finely edged with 
white; subterminal white points. Hind wings: A faint dark medial 
line; a few subterminal white points near anal angle. Wings below 
dull dark brown. Hind wings: A thick dark medial line; a few white 
irrorations; an interrupted subterminal white line. Palpi shortly 
fringed in front, the tuft on 3d joint behind level with tip; sheath on 
fore tibiae long. Wings broad, the outer margin of fore wings oblique. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19828, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BLEPTINA Guenée. 


Pleptina GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 66. 
Opotura WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 191. 
Anagoa Miscuter, Lep. Jamaica, 1886, p. 62. (Type, A. ophiusioides Méschler.) 
Male.—Palpi upecurved; second joint densely and smoothly scaled; 
third joint more than half the length of second, with tuft at end. 
Antennae pubescent ciliata. Legs smoothly scaled; fore tibiae with 
process. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 apart; 6 
from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free; base of costa 
below fringed. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly 
stalked; 5 near lower angle. 
Type of genus.—Bleptina confusalis Guenée=Opotura erinusalis, 
Walker! = Bleptina metopealis Walker? = Bleptina bogesalis, Walker.’ 
The following species are also in this genus: 
Bleptina caradrinalis, Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 67 = Bleptina 
priassalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 123 = Bleptina 





1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16,1858, p. 192. 2Idem, vol. 19, 1859, p. 862. Idem, vol. 19, 1859, p. 870. 
10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 23 





354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


thisbesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 127=Bleptina 
subjecta Moéschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 226. 

Bleptina hydrillalis, Guenée, Delt. et Pyral, 1854, p. 67 = Bleptina 
ulricusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 121 =Bleptina 
philetesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 127 = Bleptina 
phanasgalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 861. 

Bleptina acastusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 122 = 
nigromaculalis (Anagoa) Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 218= 
placidalis (Anagoa) Moschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 219. 

Bleptina wpithosalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 
123 = Megatomis ferrilinealis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, 
p. 1165. 

Bleptina pentheusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 128. 

Bleptina menalcasalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 
123=Herminia disjectalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, 
p- 1158 =ophiusioides (Anagoa) Moéschler, Lep. Jamaica, 1886, p. 
62 =limitalis (Anagoa) Moschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 218. 

Bleptina atymnusalis (Bocana) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 247. 

Bleptina pollesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 863. 

Bleptina albidiscalis Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 239. 

Bleptina olivescens Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 240= 
Bleptina malia, Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1901, p. 455, 
pl. 37, fig. 12. 

Bleptina lasaea Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1901, p. 
455, pl. 37, fig. 13, female=Bleptina zentium (Epizeuris) Schaus, 
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 17. 

Bleptina aroealis (Nodaria) Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 
7, vol. 7, 1901, p. 249: 

Bleptina diopis (Nodaria) Hampson, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 
14, 1904, p. 173. 

Bleptina clara Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 122. 

Bleptina infausta Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 20. 

Bleptina obscura Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913, p. 20. 

Bleptina olearos Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 65. 

Bleptina fasciata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914. p. 64. 





BLEPTINA BARACOANA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi ocher brown, the 2nd joint with a dark circle near 
tip, the 3d joint tinged with dark purple and with two fuscous rings; 
the tuft on 3d joint well developed. Head and thorax black. Col- 
lar brown. Abdomen pale ocherous. Fore wings pale roseate 
brown; the basal fifth fuscous gray limited by a black line, almost 


no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 855 


vertical; a small orbicular spot; a medial darker shade angled at end 
of cell, varying in intensity; a brighter brown streak on discocellular, 
finely edged at extremities with white; a fine, wavy, black postmedial 
line well beyond cell; a subterminal dentate white line in places 
broadly edged with fuscous; terminal sagittate black spots; cilia 
gray with white streaks. Hind wings whitish at base shading to 
eray terminally. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19829, U.S.N.M. 


BLEPTINA CARLONA, new species. 





Male.—Body and fore wings dull purple. Abdomen: Anal hairs 
and two basal segments creamy; the third segment brown. Fore 
wings: An irregular sub-basal black line; a vertical black antemedial 
line, expanding below cell to near submedian; a similar postmedial 
line, inbent opposite cell, incurved below it, inwardly broadly shaded 
with black from cell to inner margin, outwardly edged throughout 
by a fine creamy ocher shade; a subterminal pale line, inbent opposite 
cell, parallel with postmedial, followed by a pale ocherous shade to 
termen from vein 6 to inner margin; small terminal black spots. Hind 
wings whitish at base shading to brownish gray. 

Expanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19830, U.S.N.M. 


BLEPTINA MURICOLOR, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, and abdomen ocher gray, the latter with 
some black irrorations. Fore wings mouse gray with scattered black 
irrorations; a vague antemedial line terminating in a black point on 
inner margin; orbicular small, whitish, outlined with reddish brown 
or black; a fuscous wavy medial shade interrupted by reniform, 
which is medially constricted, containing pale points; the postmedial 
very fine and indistinct; the subterminal wavy, indicated by fuscous 
edging, especially on inner side, broad in type specimen from costa 
to vein 6, sometimes very broad to inner margin, or reduced to a 
smali spot at vein 6. Two females have the whole of the wing 
except the termen suffused with fuscous. Hind wings light brown, 
darker tinged on termen, with traces of a fine postmedial line, and 
a better defined angled marginal line at anal angle. Hind wings below 
white irrorated with brown; faint traces of lines; a dark spot on disco- 
cellular. 

Expanse.—25 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19831, U.S.N.M. 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


BLEPTINA VULTURA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dull brownish gray. Fore wings narrow, 
the apex acute; lines very fine, black; antemedial wavily outbent to 
middle of inner margin; the postmedial minutely wavy and evenly 
outcurved; orbicular absent; an oblique yellowish line on discocellu- 
lar. Hind wings below paler; a discal point and fine dentate post- 
medial line. The palpi are acute and smooth with only a small tuft 
on 3rd joint behind; the fore legs have only a small tuft of hairs at 
base of tarsi below. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19832, U.S.N.M. 


BLEPTINA PUDESTA, new species. 


Male—Body and wings grayish brown. Abdomen and fore wings 
darkly irrorated. Fore wings: Lines fine, black, indistinct; the post- 
medial lunular dentate; orbicular round, orange brown, finely darkly 
edged; reniform similar, slightly incurved with a white point at 
either end. Hind wings below whitish irrorated with brown; a dark 
discal point, and fine postmedial line; subterminal fine, whitish, not 
distinct. The sheath on fore legs is extended over base of tarsi, the 3d 
joint of palpi is not so heavily fringed as in B. deleona Schaus., to which 
it bears a strong resemblance, and B. pudesta is grayer and smaller. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19833, U.S.N.M. 


BLEPTINA ATHUSALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dull whitish yellow with scattered black 
irrorations. Fore wings: Minute antemedial spots on costa, median, 
and submedian veins; orbicular and reniform slightly darker than 
ground color; a fine dark-brown postmedial, punctiform line, 
slightly outcurved; a dark subterminal shade with a small fuscous 
spot between veins 6 and 7; terminal black points on interspaces. 
Hind wings: The costal half suffused with gray; a punctiform post- 
medial line; a diffuse darker subterminal shade. Wings below 
whitish, fore wings suffused with brown except on inner margin and 
termen, and with a fuscous subterminal shade; hind wings with 
some dark irrorations, a discal point, a punctiform postmedial line, 
and broad subterminal shade. The palpi have the 2d joint heavily 
fringed in front, the 3d only shortly so, but with well-developed tuft 
behind. 

Fore tibiae with long sheath. Fore wings narrow, the apex acute. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19834, U.S.N.M. 





No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 357 








BLEPTINA DEJECTA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi dark brown irrorated with gray. Body and wings 
bistre; head and collar darker shaded. Wings irrorated with brown; 
terminal black points; a wavy subterminal pale line, defined by 
darker shadings. Fore wings: A fine dark brown antemedial line, 
inset in cell, outcurved from median to submedian; an orbicular 
white point edged with brown; a narrow brown medial shade; a 
white spot edged with brown on discocellular behind, and a similar 
point above it; postmedial fine, fuscous brown, outbent on sub- 
costal, finely lunular, slightly incurved below vein 4. Hind wings: 
A black discal point; a fuscous brown medial shade; a finely lunular 
postmedial line. Fore wings below grayish, the termen paler; a 
black discal point; a fuscous postmedial line and paler subterminal 
line. Hind wings below whitish gray irrorated with brown; a brown 
line on discocellular; a dark postmedial line; terminal black points. 

Expanse.—30 mm. 

Habitat St. Laurent, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19835, U.S.N.M. 


A specimen in the Dognin collection from Salvador. 


BLEPTINA LATONA, new species. 


Female.—FPalpi whitish mottled with dark brown. Head and col- 
lar brown gray mottled with dark brown. Thorax and abdomen 
‘buff brown, the latter thickly irrorated with dark brown, except at 
base. Wings light brown, thinly darker irrorated; terminal fuscous 
brown points. Fore wings: Fuscous spots at base of costa and cell; 
antemedial line fine, broken, inset in cell, fuscous brown; abrown 
orbicular poimt; a thick medial line, suffusing with a large fuscous 
brown reniform space, which is incurved on outer edge, with some 
white scales in upper and lower angle, the inner edge crossed by a 
fine white line; postmedial line macular, incurved, geminate below 
vein 3; subterminal line paler brown, inwardly shaded with fuscous 
brown, especially on costa. Hind wings: <A dark medial shade 
with a white point on discocellular; postmedial fine, somewhat 
macular; subterminal indicated by absence of irrorations. Wings 
below paler; dark discal points and fine postmedial line; a subter- 
minal fuscous shade. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat St. Jean Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19836, U.S.N.M. 

Near B. lasaea Druce. 


858 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





BLEPTINA NIVEIGUTTA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi fuscous brown with a few pale hairs. Head, collar, 
and thorax dark olive brown. Abdomen above fuscous, underneath 
grayish white. Wings bright brown, the lines dark; antemedial and 
postmedial lines fine, the latter minutely lunular; a broad dark 
purple medial fascia, its inner edge straight; a subterminal line 
indicated by darker shading on either side, broader on inner edge; 
marginal brown black points. Fore wings: A large reniform indi- 
cated by some interrupted white edging. Hind wings: A large snow 
white discal point. 

Allied to B. olivescens Warren, B. lasaea Druce, and B. latona 
Schaus. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19837, U.S.N.M. 


BLEPTINA EMINENS, new species. 


Female.—Body lilacine; palpi, collar, and shoulders shaded with 
pale brownish; a similar dorsal shade on abdomen near base. Wings 
lilacine, shaded with gray on outer margins; marginal black points, 
and fine terminal line. Fore wings: Some reddish subbasal sealing; 
antemedial reddish line vertical, inset in cell, outcurved below it, 
outbent on inner margin; a dark medial shade on costa, fine red 
line in cell, and fuscous line below it, followed in cell by a thick white 
line, then a yellowish shade edged with red irrorations, and an 
annular cluster of reddish scales; postmedial outcurved, fine, dark 
reddish brown, closely followed from veins 7 to 3 by a fine fuscous 
line, suffusing at vein 3 and approximated to medial line; a fine 
whitish gray subterminal line, preceded by a fuscous shade between 
veins 6 and 8; a terminal fuscous shade between veins 7 and 8. Hind 
wings; medial reddish irrorations crossing a large round yellowish 
white discal spot; postmedial line darker red, upcurved at vein 2. 
Hind wings below white, thinly irrorated with gray, more so on costal 
margin; a marginal fuscous shade at apex; marginal black points. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19838, U.S.N.M. 

Since preparing the above description I have found a male of this 
species. It is smaller, expanse 20 mm., duller and darker in tone, 
the white line across cell more pronounced. The palpi have the 
fringe on second joint in front much longer; the third joint is heavily 
frmged behind except at tip. 





no. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 859 








Genus LEUCATOMIS Dognin. 


Leucatomis Doantn, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 56. 


Male.—Palpi upeurved; second joint reaching well above vertex, 
slender, smooth; third joint one third as long as second with small tri- 
angular tuft at tip in front. Antennae pubescent. Legs smooth; 
fore tibiae with long process. Fore wings: Outer margin obliquely 
curved; vein 2 from beyond middle of cell;.3 before lower angle; 4 
and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from end 
of areole, 8 and 9 on long stalk; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 
from lower angle; 5 a little above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Leucatomis incondita Dognin. 


Genus EPIZEUXIS Htibner. 


Epizeuxis HUBNER, Verz., 1816, p. 346. 
Helia GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 76. 
Zenomia Doanin Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 52. Type, Z. alcisa Dognin. 
Male.—Palpi upcurved, long, and slender; second joint moderately 
scaled reaching well above head; third joint smooth, acuminate. 
Antennae fasciculate. Fore tibiae moderately hairy. Fore wings: 
Outer margin obliquely rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 apart or near together; 
6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9,10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 near lower angle; 6 and 7 from 
upper angle. 
Type of genus.—Epizeuais emula Hubner. 
Also included in this genus is the following: 
Epizeuxis terrosalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud., fase. 8, 1914, p. 53. 


EPIZEUXIS OAXACALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and fore wings dark brownish gray; abdomen with 
pale segmental lines. Fore wings: Lines fine, fuscous gray; ante- 
medial wavy, well incurved across cell; orbicular very small, whitish 
yellow; reniform almost quadrate, whitish yellow, mostly edged with 
dark brown; postmedial outcurved, lunular, outwardly finely edged 
with yellowish on costa; subterminal shade fine, indistinet, irregular, 
whitish yellow; a terminal dark brown shade. Hind wings whitish 
suffused with brownish gray; a dark line on discocellular; post medial 
dark, well marked; a subterminal pale line as on fore wings. Hind 
wings below white; a dark point in cell and discocellular line; post- 
medial fine, dark; a subterminal thick whitish line formed by dark 
irrorations on either side. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Oaxaca, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19839, U.S.N.M. 


3860 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 








Genus PSEUDAGLOSSA Grote. 
Pseudaglossa Grore, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 2, 1874, p. 47. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved; second joint reaching well above vertex, 
shortly scaled; third joint nearly as long as second, smooth, acuminate, 
Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth. Fore wings: Costa 
straight; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 before lower angle; 
4 and 5 near together from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8 
and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle, or shortly stalked; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Epizeuxis lubricalis Geyer.’ 


Genus CARTERIS Dognin. 
Carteris Doanin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 65. 


Male——Palpi upturned, second joint reaching vertex, shortly 
fringed below; third joint half as long as second, smooth. Antennae 
pubescent ciliate. Legs moderately scaled; fore tibiae usually with 
expanding process. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart from 
lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from end of areole; 11 
free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 a little above 
angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Carteris incana Dognin. 

The genus also includes: 

Carteris proliferalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 
1858, p. 242 = Capnodes basalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, 
p- 1073=Capnodes diffidens Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 
vol. 8, 1901, p. 96. 

Carteris oculatalis (Zanclognatha) Moschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, 
p- 225= Epizeuxis? anser Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 466, pl. 38, fig. 20. 

Carteris anticlea (Epizeuxis) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1891, p. 466, pl. 38, fig. 13. 

Carteris lineata (Epizeuxis) Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 1898, 
vol. 2, p. 524, pl. 97, fig. 26. 

Genus TRACHODOPALPUS Blanchard. 
Trachodopalpus BLANCHARD, Gay, Historia de Chili, Zoology, vol. 7, p. 721, pl.7, 
fig. 1. 

Male.—Palpi upeurved; second joint fringed in front; third joint 
short, smooth. Antennae pubescent, ciliate. Fore wings narrow; 
veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 from upper 
angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 
and 4 from lower angle; 5 near middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 
stalked. 

Type of genus.—Trachodopalpus cinereus Blanchard. 


1 Zutraege, vol. 4, 1832, p. 19, figs. 665, 666. 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 861 


Genus EPISTREMA Schaus. 


Epistrema Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 40. 


_Male.—Palpi upcurved, short, reaching just above vertex; second 
joint shortly fringed in front; third joint smooth. Antennae pubes- 
cent. Fore legs hairy. Abdomen with dorsal tuft at base. Fore 
wings: Veins 3, 4, 5, equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 
10 from end of areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 
and 7 very shortly stalked; 5 from above lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Epistrema ora Schaus. 

This genus also includes the following species: 

Emstrema sabularea (Megachyta) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 30, 1906, p. 123. 


EPISTREMA GLAUCOSTICTA, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar and thorax dark brown tinged with bronze. 
Abdomen grayish brown, somewhat iridescent with a dark dorsal 
tuft near base. Fore wings fuscous brown thinly irrorated with 
pale blue; antemedial and postmedial lighter brown shades, the 
latter divided by an‘ interrupted dark line; a subterminal macular 
dark shade defined by indistinct lighter brown shadings; terminal 
black spots. Hind wings dull dark brown. Wings below dull dark 
eray, the hind wings with darker medial and outer shades. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat—Trinidad River, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 20056, U.S.N.M. 


Genus OMMATOCHILA Butler. 
Ommatochila Butter, The Entomologist, 1894, p. 315. 


Male.—Palpi ascending, short; third joint minute, porrect; a fringe 
of long hairs in front. Antennae finely ciliate. Fore wings: Veins 
3, 4, 5 apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9 from end of areole, 
which is lozenge shaped, 10 from above; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 from near middle of discocellular; 
6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Thalpochares mundula Zeller... In two species the 
palpi are also heavily fringed behind. 

The genus also contains : 

Ommatochila latipalpis (Hydrelia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 15, 
1858, p. 1763 = Thalpochares lagore Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 2, 1898, p. 496, pl. 95, fig. 18. 

Ommatochila plumbealis (Pyralis?) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 
1865, p. 1232. 


1 Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 22, 1862, p. 460. 


862 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 








OMMATOCHILA CRASSIPALPIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings grey brown. Abdomen 
and hind wings without the grey tinge. Fore wings: Some scattered 
black irrorations; antemedial line dark brown on costa, outbent, and 
inwardly edged with white, below subcostal, irregular but vertical, 
brown, very indistinct; two minute black points on discocellular; 
postmedial line wavy, faintly outcurved opposite cell, white, inwardly 
edged with dark brown, preceded by a bright brown shade; sub- 
terminal fine, faint, whitish, dentate, preceded by a broad bright 
brown shade, which is also present on termen; a velvety black brown 
terminal line partly edged inwardly with white. Hind wings: A 
white terminal line. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19840, U.S.N.M. 


OMMATOCHILA STENULA, new species. 


Male.—Body dark lilacine grey. Fore wings from base to post- 
medial dark brown tinged with purple; lines whitish yellow; ante- 
medial interrupted in cell above and below submedian, forming spots 
outwardly black edged; postmedial slightly sinuous, vertical; terminal 
space lilacine grey; subterminal yellowish, wavily inbent, not reaching 
inner margin, and inwardly broadly shaded with dark brown, chiefly 
opposite cell; a terminal fuscous line inwardly edged by a slightly 
lunular yellowish line interrupted just below apex, where there is a 
short black streak. Hind wings greyish brown; a terminal dark 
line. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19841, U.S.N.M. 


OMMATOCHILA CHORRERA, new species. 


Male.—Head light grey. Collar and thorax mottled ochreous and 
black. Abdomen dark grey. Fore wings brown to postmedial, 
which is white inwardly edged with dark brown, slightly sinuous, and 
faintly outbent, crossing the wing close to cell; reniform large, white, 
edged with dark brown; terminal space dark grey tinged with 
lilacine; subterminal fine, indistinct, whitish, broadly shaded inwardly 
with fuscous brown, incurved between veins 6 and 4, dentate toward 
inner margin; terminal line fuscous brown, inwardly edged with 
white, expanding at apex. Hind wings dark grey brown; a browner 
terminal line. 

Expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat.—La Chorrera, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19842, U.S.N.M. 


no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAR—SCHAUS. 863 
OMMATOCHILA SANTUCCA, new species. 


Female.—Head, collar, and thorax slate grey. Abdomen dull 
brown. Fore wings slate grey tinged with lilacine; marginal space 
from inner margin to near subcostal dark brown, inwardly timited 
by a white line oblique from middle of cell to inner margin at one- 
fifth from base, outwardly by a vertical postmedial line from costa; 
a short dark-brown streak on costa before middle; a dark-brown 
subterminal shade, narrowing below vein 3, outwardly edged by a 
white line from vein 7 to near vein 3; a terminal fuscous brown line 
inwardly edged by a wavy white line. Hind wings dull dark brown, 
the costa paler shaded. Fore wings below dull grey-brown, the costa 
mottled with buff brown. Hind wings below irrorated with dull 
greyish brown; a terminal fuscous brown line on both wings inwardly 
finely edged with buff. 

Kxpanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River, French Guiana. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19843, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CLADENIA Moschler. 
Cladenia MoscuteER, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 474. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, more than twice the length of 
head, very heavily fringed in front, the third joint porrect. Antennae 
pubescent ciliate. Head with frontal tuft. Tibiae hairy, the joint 
of fore tibiae with long tuft. Wings narrow. Fore wings: Costa 
straight; apex acute; outer margin rounded; vein 3 from before 
angle; 4 from angle; 5 slightly above; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 
9,10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 
5 from near middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Cladenia mocha Moschler= Herminodes venosa 
Schaus." 





Genus POENA Druce. 


Poena Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 483. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, short, hairy; third joint por- 
rect. Antennae pubescent ciliate, roughly scaled above, dilated 
before end. Fore tibiae hairy; long tufts of hair from base of hind 
femora. Fore wings narrow; apex acute; termen rounded; vein 3 
from near lower angle; 4 and 5 apart from lower angle; 6 from upper 
angle; areole small; 7, 8, and 9 from end; 10 from areole above; 11 
free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 and 6 and 7 shortly stalked; 5 
from near lower angle. 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, 1911, p. 221. 


864 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





Type of genus.—Poena porrectalis Druce, not Hypena porrectalis 
Guenée. 

This genus also includes: 

Poena albomarginata Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 484, pl. 40, fig. 14. Without the male, the position of this species 


is doubtful. 
POENA HIRSUTA, new species. 





Male.—Palpi dark grey-brown with paler shadings. Head fuscous 
brown; a pale shade between antennae. Collar and thorax brown 
with darker shadings. Abdomen fuscous brown, with pale segmental 
lines. Hairs on tibiae fuscous brown. Fore wings fuscous brown; 
a light-brown shade near base; lines crossing light-brown shades on 
costa; antemedial black, indicated by some light-brown shading 
across cell, and a white point below cell, followed by a short black 
streak in cell; reniform small, black, preceded by a white point; 
postmedial very slightly outcurved, streaky on costa, outwardly 
edged by white scales opposite cell and broadly edged with white 
from vein 2 to inner margin; a broad light-brown shade beyond post- 
medial; subterminal buff brown, outangled on veins, shaded with 
fuscous, forming streaky shades on interspaces preceding it; a ter- 
minal black line, expanding on interspaces, edged with light brown. 
Hind wings fuscous brown. Wings below buff irrorated with brown; 
dark-brown discal spots, postmedial line and subterminal shade. 

Expanse.—41 mm. 

Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19844, U.S.N.M. 

Looks very much like a large Leptoctenista dubia Warren. 





BURDETTIA, new genus. 





Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, three times the length of head, 
moderately fringed above and below; third joimt porrect. Antenne 
pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth. Wings broad. Fore wings: Outer 
margin rounded; vein 3 from near lower angle; 4 and 5 apart; 6 
from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked or from angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 
from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Hypena braziliensis Schaus.* 

The following species are also referred to this genus: 

Burdettia rivalis (Hypena) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 171. 

Burdettia lignealis (Hypena?) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 
30, 1904, p. 175. 





1 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, p. 174. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 365 





Genus SORYGAZA Walker. 
Sorygaza WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1181. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, twice the length of head, mod- 
erately scaled and fringed; third joint half the length of second. 
Fore wings angled at vein 4; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 
apart from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from 
areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Outer margin irregular; veins 3 and 4, 
and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 a little above angle. 

Type of genus.—Sorygaza didymata Walker=Sorygaza manto 
Druce.! 

The genus also includes: 

Sorygaza sapota (Megatomis) Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 
1873, pl. 120, fig. 12. 

? Sorygaza mardia Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 
487, pl. 40, fig. 25. 

’ Sorygaza arbela Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 
487, pl. 40, fig. 27. 

’ Sorygaza armasata Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 487, pl. 40, fig. 28. 

¢ Sorygaza argandina Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 488, pl. 41, fig. 2. 

Eqnasia albipunctata Warren? possibly belongs here; the type is a 
female without head. 





SORYGAZA RAMSDENI, new species. 


Male.—Body and fore wings whitish ocher, tne lines dull dark 
brown; antemedial line vertical, wavy; postmedial outcurved, dark- 
est on costa; a narrow terminal dark shade. Hind wings whitish; 
a postmedial gray line; grayish subterminal and marginal shades. 
Wings below white, the costal margins broadly tinged with pale 
brown; the lines faintly indicated; on fore wings the postmedial is 
heavily fuscous on costa. 

Expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19845, U.S.N.M. 


Genus CYCLOPTERYX Guenée. 
Cyclopteryx GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 46. 
Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint reaching frons, 
shortly fringed in front and behind; third joint short. Antennae 


pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; hind tibiae with tuft. Fore wings 
terminally broad; apex acute; outer margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 


1 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 488, pl. 41, fig. 1. 
2 Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 247. 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





equally apart, 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from end of 
areole; 11 free. Hind wings triangular; anal angle rounded; inner 
margin heavily scaled; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above 
angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Cyclopteryx observalis Guenée= Hrosia niveino- 
tata Walker. * 

The following species are also referred to this genus: 

Cyclopteryx patricialis Guenee, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 47. 

Cyclopteryx filtferalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1155. 

Both these species are placed here with some doubt. 


‘Genus PELIALA Walker. 
Peliala WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, p. 1005. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint fringed below, the 
long scales above bent forward; third joint short, variable. _ Anten- 
nx long, pubescent ciliate. Head with tuft. Abdomen with dorsal 
crests extending to middle or beyond. Thorax and abdomen below 
usually hairy. Wings broad. Fore wings with areole; veins 7, 8, 
and 9, 10 from areole. 

Type of genus.—Peliala tenebrosa Walker. 

The genus includes also: 

Peliala hemonalis (Hypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, 
p-. 228=Hypena sclerialis Felder and Rogenhofer, Reise Novara, 
1873, pl. 120, fig. 32= Hypena zarabena Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. 
Soc., 1904, vol. 30, p. 168. 

Peliala xenarealis (Zypena) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, 
p. 841=Hypena thontes Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 
1912, p. 214. 

Peliala leniusculalis (Hypena) Méschler, Lep. Jamaica, 1886, p. 60 
= Hypena bergesalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, 
p- 70. 

Peliala munda (Hypena) Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, 
p. 230. 

Peliala andria (Hypena) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1890, p. 431, pl. 38, fig. 4. 

Peliala levana (Hypena) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1890, p. 431, pl. 35, fig. 5. 

Peliala leuctra (Hypena) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1890, p. 435, pl. 35, fig. 14. 

Peliala lollia (Hypena) Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 435, pl. 35, fig. 17. 

Peliala pintica (Mania) Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg., vol. 41, 1897, 
p. 416. 





1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 26, 1862, p. 1757. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 867 





Peliala tossalis (Hypena) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 172. 

Peliala perwmalis (Hypena) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 173. 

Peliala demonalis (Hypena) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 174. 

Peliala tithonalis (Hypena) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 11, 1913, p. 28. 

Pelhiala coeruleopicta (Hypena) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 
8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 28. 

Hypena amethystalis Moéschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 478, 
possibly belongs here; the species is unknown to me. 


PELIALA COVITALIS, new species. 

Male.—Body and wings grayish brown. Fore wings: The two 
lines whitish gray fine, shehtly undulating, shaded on medial side 
with dark brown, the antemedial somewhat outcurved, the postmedial 
vertical; no cell spots; a subterminal faint whitish punctiform line; 
a dark terminal line, semilunar toward apex, inwardly edged with 
white. Hind wings: A darker terminal line partly finely edged with 
whitish. Wings below dark gray; a subapical white point on fore 
wing; a postmedial dark line on hind wings. 

Expanse.—33 mm. 

Halitat— Esperanza, Sixola, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19846, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to P. leuctra Druce. 


Genus AGLAONICE Mdschler. 


Aglaonice Méscuter, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 226. 

Metina Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 473. Type, Bleptina 
lirtipalpis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 242=Hypena deldonalis 
Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p.840. These all represent one species 
and will stand as Aglaonice hirtipalpis Walker. 


Male.—Palpi upcurved, second joint reaching above vertex, third 
joint one-third as long as second, both moderately fringed in front, 
heavily fringed behind. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore tibiae 
with long hairy tufts; mid tibiae roughly scaled; hind tibiae smooth. 
Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally 
apart; 6 from upper angle; areole narrow, 7, 8 and 9 from end of 
areole; 10 from areole above; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 
from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Aglaonice snellent Méschler =hirtipalpis Walker. 


368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


Genus MURSA Walker. 


Mursa WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 845. 

Aganzagara WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1146. Type, A. disparatalis 
Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1146, which sinks as a synonym of 
phtisialis (Physula) Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 87. 

Paramimetica WARREN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 235. Type, P. subrufa 
Warren. 

Sisputa Méscuter, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 222=Sisputa gracilis Moschler, 
Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 222=Epizeuxis maceria Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., 
Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 466, pl. 38, fig. 19. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, long; second joint fringed above 
and below; third joint short, somewhat hairy. Antennae pubescent 
ciliate. Legs smooth. Fore wings narrow; apex acute; outer mar- 
gin obliquely rounded; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower 
angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind 
wings: Veins 3 and 4 stalked; 5 from near angle; 6 and 7 from upper 
angle or shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.— Mursa calisalis Walker, the name sinking as a 
synonym of sotiusalis (Hypena) Walker;! also= Megatomis % judica- 
talis Walker,?=Scopula? comptalis Walker,*=Sorygaza marica 
Druce.* 

The genus also contains the following species: 

Paramimetica imitatriz Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 
236. 

It is possible that these all represent one species, the forms are ex- 
tremely variable and impossible to separate satisfactorily. 


SYNOMERA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, more than twice the length of 
head; second joint fringed above with long hairs. Antennae pubes- 
cent ciliate. Legs smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Veins 3, 4, 5 
equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, 10 from end of areole; 9 on 
long stalk with 8; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Synomera cyllarus Schaus. 

The genus includes: 

Synomera francalis (Batyma) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 

1906, p. 130. 
% Synomera alcis ( Metalectra) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 


1914, p. 538. 
SYNOMERA CYLLARUS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax dark brown mottled with 
gray. Abdomen pale brownish gray; a flat dorsal tuft at base tipped 





1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 26, 1862, p. 840. 

2 Idem, p. 882. 

3 Idem, vol. 34, 1865, p. 1462. 

4 Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 488, pl. 41, fig. 4. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 369 


with fuscous. Fore wings grayish brown, shading to whitish gray 
before postmedial; a round yellowish spot across base of cell; anteme- 
dial line fine outcurved, grayer, defined by some dark scaling, espe- 
cially below median; orbicular a small black spot; reniform space 
white crossed by a fine dark incurved line, followed by a pale yellow 
shade; postmedial, oblique on costa, then outcurved beyond cell, fine, 
white, edged with fuscous brown; space beyond darker shaded; sub- 
terminal fine, white, vertical to vein 5, dentate, wavy below it, edged 
with brown; a crenulate marginal black line. Hind wings white, 
irrorated with grayish brown; a crenulate dark brown marginal line. 
Hind wings below white, faintly irrorated with brown on costa; a pale 
brown shade on discocellular; terminal dark points connected by a 
crenulate line toward apex. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19847, U.S.N.M. 


SYNOMERA HYLONOME, new species. 


Female.—Palpi, head, and collar brown. Thorax and abdomen 
grayish brown. Fore wings brown; subbasal, antemedial and medial 
darker outcurved, interrupted lines; orbicular small, dark brown, irro- 
rated with fuscous, a dark streak on costa above it; reniform large 
oblique, white, edged on either side with some black scales, and crossed, 
by a grayish brown shade; postmedial fine, white, oblique on costa, 
interrupted by a black shade opposite cell, punctiform on veins 5 and 
4, then inbent, wavy; a broad darker brown shade from reniform to 
costa near apex; a broad white subterminal shade irrorated with 
brown and dark gray, narrowing at apex; a lunular marginal black 
line. Hind wings dark gray brown, the inner margin shaded with 
bright brown; a short postmedial white line on inner margin. Fore 
wings below brown; a postmedial fuscous shade on costal half. Hind 
wings below whitish shaded with light brown; a faint postmedial line 
and subterminal darker shade. 

Expanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19848, U.S.N.M. 


SYNOMERA CRAFTI, new species. 


Female.—Palpi lilacine brown. Head, collar, and thorax olive 
brown. Abdomen fuscous. Fore wings chiefly lilacine brown; a 
few scattered black irrorations on costal and inner margins, also 
forming an indistinct antemedial line; a fuscous brown streak at end 
of cell to reniform; reniform narrow, long, almost vertical, white 
edged; a dark brown shade from reniform to costa at subterminal; 
postmedial inbent and whitish on costa, then outbent and angled 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16-——24 


370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 








beyond cell, obscured by the brown shading beyond cell, inbent 
from vein 4 to inner margin; subterminal white, straight from 
costa to vein 5, toothed on veins 3 and 4, followed by a duller 
brown shade to termen; a terminal lunular black line, punctiform on 
interspaces, the points outwardly edged with white; cilia brown 
crossed by a black line near tips. Hind wings fuscous; cilia yellow- 
ish white. 

Expanse.—19 mm. 

Habitat.—Corozal, La Chorrera, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19849, U.S.N.M. 


SYNOMERA ISTHMIALIS, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, collar, and thorax dull brown. Abdomen 
dark gray brown above, white below. Fore wings dark gray, faintly 
tinged with brown and lilacine, and thinly irrorated with black; 
antemedial line fine, indistinct, whitish, sinuous; reniform large, the 
center ocherous edged with light brown and then with white, slightly 
incurved on its outer edge; postmedial outcurved beyond cell, fine, 
white, darkly edged; subterminal fine, white, dentate on veins 3 and 
4; marginal black points outwardly edged with white; the terminal 
dark line lunular; cilia reddish brown. Hind wings brownish gray; 
a white postmedial streak, darkly edged on inner margin; cilia mot- 
tled whitish and reddish, with a fuscous basal line at anal angle. 
Fore wings below dark gray, the hind wings almost entirely white, 
merely the costal margin darkly irrorated; a dark discal point. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Trinidad, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19850, U.S.N.M. 


SYNOMERA TANGA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi brown black; 3d joint, except base, yellow. Head 
light brown. Collar, thorax, and abdomen lilacine ocher. Fore 
wings ocher yellow, basal third lilacine outwardly limited by an in- 
bent dark brown shade, its edge almost black; an incurved brown 
black line from apex to inner margin at tornus, the space beyond 
lilacine crossed by a wavy, fine, subterminal dark line; a few scat- 
tered dark irrorations on medial space. Hind wings whitish brown; 
a dark spot at anal angle. 
 Expanse.—22 mm. 

Halbitat.—Trinidad. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19851, U.S.N.M. 


SYNOMERA PROCRUSTES, new species. 


Male.—Head and collar dull reddish brown. Thorax grayish 
brown. Abdomen dark gray with pale segmental lines. Wings dark 
brownish gray; terminal black points connected by a lunular black 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 871 


line; cilia tinged with roseate brown and crossed by fine black lines. 
Fore wings: Medial and postmedial space shaded with dull reddish 
brown; antemedial line vertical, incurved across cell, fine, fuscous, 
its inner edge irrorated with white; orbicular small, round, black, 
containing a white point; reniform long, narrow, almost vertical, 
white, crossed by a reddish brown line; postmedial line outcurved 
beyond cell, fine, white, partly edged with fuscous inwardly; a fine 
subterminal white line; termen tinged with roseate brown. Hind 
wings: Traces on inner margin of a reddish medial line, outwardly 
edged with white. Hind wings below whitish shaded and irrorated 
with roseate brown; a dark discal spot; faint postmedial and sub- 
terminal lines. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type—Cat. No. 19852, U.S.N.M. 


SYNOMERA CORAZALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax brown. Abdomen fuscous with 
some whitish segmental lines. Wings brown irrorated with black; 
a white orbicular point; reniform long, narrow, whitish and brown, 
edged with white, suffusing above and below with postmedial line, 
which is fine, white, and forms an outward curve beyond reniform; 
this curve less distinct so the postmedial appears like a straight line 
from costa to inner margin; an irregular fuscous subterminal line; 
marginal black points and a terminal black line. Hind wings like 
forewings, but the postmedial line straight and near middle of wing. 
The female is reddish brown, and shows a fine dark antemedial wavy 
line. 

Expanse.—Male, 16 mm.; female, 18 mm. 

Habitat.—Corazal, La Chorrera, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19853, U.S.N.M. 

Very close to S. procrustes Schaus, which has the postmedial line 
detached from reniform behind. 


SYNOMERA PEDROALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head and collar purplish brown, also base of abdomen, 
which is otherwise fuscous grey with pale segmental lines. Wings 
to postmedial dull reddish with a few scattered black irrorations. 
Fore wings: Antemedial line, vertical, wavy, dark brown red, in- 
wardly pale edged; an orbicular white point; reniform large, con- 
sisting of a white line forming the letter C partly filled with yellow 
white scaling; postmedial fine, white, from costa above reniform, 
well outcurved beyond cell, followed by a broad whitish shade irro- 
rated with dull red, not reaching costa; the outer edge of this shade 


one PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





very irregular; termen purplish grey; marginal black points; a fine 
terminal fuscous line. Hind wings: A black discal point; post- 
medial line white, straight; termen broadly dark grey irrorated with 
dull red toward postmedial line; traces of an outer lunular white 
line; marginal points as on fore wings. Wings below dull reddish 
brown; inner half of hind wings whitish, irrorated with dull red; 
marginal black points and a fine dark terminal line; a reddish spot 
on discocellular of hind wings. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Halbitat.—Petropolis. Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19854, U.S.N.M. 


SYNOMERA TATALGA, new species. 


Male.—Head collar, thorax, and wings brown. Abdomen fuscous 
brown; white segmental lines; a black dorsal spot at base. Fore 
wings: Traces of a white antemedial line, distinct on costa, then 
faint, incurved in cell, outcurved below it; a white orbicular point; 
a faint medial darker shade; reniform large, yellowish, edged by a 
white line forming a C; postmedial fine, white on costa, yellowish 
below vein 7, outcurved beyond cell; a fine subterminal dentate 
whitish shade; marginal black points; the terminal line extremely 
fine. Hind wings: Base of costa white; a fuscous medial line, closely 
followed by the straight yellow postmedial line; the subterminal 
whitish line nearer postmedial than termen, and somewhat out- 
curved; marginal dark points. Cilia of both wings pale ochreous, 
crossed at base by two dark brown lines. Fore wings below brown, 
hind wings whitish irrorated with brown; black discal points; post- 
medial and outer lines fine; marginal points and terminal lineas above. 

Expanse.—23 mm. 

Habitat.—Sio Paulo, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19855, U.S.N.M. 

Allied to S. pedroalis Schaus. 


IPNISTA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, almost porrect, long; second 
joint fringed above. Antennae with minute cilia. Legs roughly 
scaled. Wingslong and narrow. Fore wings: Apex acute, produced; 
outer margin rounded, inbent below vein 3, somewhat crenulate; 
veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; vein 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 
from end of areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle; 5 well above lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Ipnea marina Druce.' 








1 Biol, Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 482, pl.40, fig. 10. 


i ii Bi 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 873 





Genus CAPIS Grote. 


Capis GRorTE, Can. Ent., vol. 14, 1882, pp. 20, 119. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint twice the length 
of head, fringed above and below; third joint short moderately scaled. 
Antennae pubescent, minutely ciliated toward tip. Fore wing broad; 
outer margin rounded; costa arched at base; vein 3 before lower 
angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 
from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle 
or stalked; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Capis curvata Grote. 


Genus HORMOSCHISTA MoOschler. 


Hormoschista M6scuueR, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 221. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint well fringed in 
front and behind; third joint very small, conical almost completely 
concealed. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smoothly scaled. 
Fore wings broad; outer margin well rounded; vein 3 before lower 
angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 
from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 
5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Hormoschista pagenstecher. Méschler = Thalpo- 
chares orba Grote, Can. Ent., vol. 9, 1877, p. 68. 

The latter specific name has priority. 


DIODINES, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi upturned; second joint reaching well above head, 
slightly fringed above near end; third joint half as long as second, 
smoothly scaled. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth; fore 
femora thickly scaled; short tufts at base of fore tarsi and hind 
tibiae. Fore wings: Outer margin obliquely rounded; veins 3 and 4 
apart from lower angle; 5 well above lower angle; 6 near upper 
angle; areole narrow; 7, 8, and 9 on long stalk from end, 10 from 
above before end; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Diodines trilinea Schaus. 


DIODINES TRILINEA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi brown, irrorated with fuscous. Body and wings 
grayish buff. Body irrorated with browh; a small black dorsal spot 
on abdomen at base. Fore wings with some fine brownish striae; 
costal edge fuscous gray; lines consisting of dark brown shading; 
antemedial line angled on costa, deeply inbent; medial line crossing 
end of cell, less oblique, outwardly finely pale edged; a fine outcurved 
brown line approximating medial line from below vein 3; subterminal 


874 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


parallel with termen followed by black points on veins; outer margin 
yellow brown between veins 4 and 6, shaded with dark gray above 6; 
a terminal wavy dark line. Hind wings: A faint postmedial and 
subterminal dark shade; terminal dark line as on fore wings. Fore 
wings below: The disk shaded with gray brown; a dark postmedial 
line; terminal space with brownish striae. Hind wings below whit- 
ish buff, irrorated with brown; a fine dark line on discocellular; a 
fine postmedial line; a subterminal dark shade; a dark terminal line 
on both wings. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat.—Loja, Ecuador. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19856, U.S.N.M. 


Genus METALECTRA Hibner. 


Metalectra HUBNER, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1823, 342. 

Stimmia GUENEE, Noct., vol. 3, 1854, p. 23. Type, S. scoria Guenée. 

Bithiga WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, p. 832. Type, B. rubrisparsa 
Walker. 

Homopyralis Grove, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, p. 213. Type, H. tactus 
Grote, which isa synonym of H. quadrisignata (Homoptera) Walker, Cat. Brit. 
Mus., vol. 13, 1857, p. 1073; =Homopteria contracta Walker, Cun. Nat. Geol., 
vol. 5, 1860, p. 258; == Homoptera zonata Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 1865, 
p. 878. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, smooth; third joint almost as 
long as second. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs with tufts or 
smooth. Wings narrow, the termen usually crenulate. Fore wings: 
Vein 2 well beyond middle of cell; 3 near lower angle; 4 and 5 from 
lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 
6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Metalectra praecisalis Hiitbner '=Stimmia scoria 
Guenée? = Homoptera dotata Walker’ = Homoptera fimbripes Walker4 = 
Homoptera paupera Walker.® 

The genus also includes: 

Metalectra carneomacula (Stimmia) Guenée, Noct., vol. 3, 1854, 
p. 24= Metalectra ypsilon Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1879, 
p. 64=Orsa multusta Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 130, 
pl. 5, fig. 16: 

Metalectra indecidens (Homoptera) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 
15, 1858, p. 1800, like M. praecisalis Hiibner, but more reddish brown. 

Metalectra punctilinea (Homoptera) Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1862, p. 98. 





1Samml. exot. Schmett., vol. 2, p. 29, figs. 367, 368. 
2 Noct., vol. 3, 1854, p. 24. 

3 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 13, 1857, p. 1067. 

4 Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. 9, 1867, p. 185. 

5 Idem, p. 185. 


a 


el i 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAER—SCHAUS. 875 


Metalectra schizospila (Capnodes) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 33, 
1865, p. 1073=Capnodes lappa Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1890, p. 417, pl. 33, fig. 26. 

Metalectra agathia (Druce) Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 404, pl. 33, fig. 12. 

Metalectra marginata (Epizeuxis) Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 
1889, p. 234=Capnodes % argina Druce., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., 
vol. 1, 1890, p. 418, pl. 33, fig. 27. 

Metalectra parviquadrata (Homopyralis) Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soe. 
fLond.,' 1901, p. 131, pl. 5, fig. 13. 

Metalectra verrucata (Homopyralis) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 
5, 1912, p. 45. 

Metalectra nigellus (Homopyralis) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, 
fasc. 5, 1912, p. 45. 

Metalectra pandana (Homopyralis) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 30, 1906, p. 111. 

Metalectra picta (Homopyralis) Schaus, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 30, 1906, p. 111. 

Metalectra pamela (Matigramma) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
vol. 30, 1906, p. 112. 

Metalectra ardesiaca (Homopyralis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 
ser. 8, vol. 10, 1912, p. 526. 

Metalectra aglaia (Homopyralis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 10, 1912, p. 525. 

Metalectra charopus (Homopyralis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 10, 1912, p. 527. 

Metalectra croceipalpis (Hlomopyralis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 10, 1912, p. 527. 

Metalectra elongata (Homopyraiis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 10, 1912, p. 528. 

Metalectra nireus (Homopyralis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 10, 1912, p. 528. 

Metalectra viridis (Homopyralis) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol.-10, 1912, p. 529. 

Metalectra diffusa (Homopyralis?) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 10, 1912, p. 530. 

Metalectra lotis (Homopyralis?) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 10, 1912, p. 530. 

Metalectra ceyx Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1914, p. 538. 

Metalectra astylos Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1914, p. 539. 

Metalectra agriodos Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1914, 
p- 539. 

Metalectra furva Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1914, p. 540. 

Metalectra contactoides Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, 
p. 214. 


376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Metalectra monopais Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, 
p. 214. 

Metalectra didyma Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 215. 

Metalectra mochtheros Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, 
p. 215. 

Metalectra tristigma Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 
215. 

Metalectra paralappa Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, 
peas, 

Metalectra diversata Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 1914, p. 
216. 

Metalectra viidifer Dyar. MS. 

Metalectra viridescens Dyar. MS. 


METALECTRA ANALIS, new species. 


Male.—Head and collar mottled gray and brown. Thorax, ab- 
domen, and wings mostly dark blue; some reddish-brown scales dor- 
sally on abdomen. Fore wings: Lines fine, black, starting from costal 
spots, separated by srnall flesh-colored spots; basal, antemedial, and 
medial lines geminate, the latter indistinct; orbicular a black point; 
reniform thick, black, crossed by a brown line; postmedial partly 
mottled with brown, lunular, with white points on veins, and followed 
by an oblique black spot near costa; a subterminal shade; marginal 
spots connected by a lunular terminal line. Hind wings with the 
lines and discocellular spots corresponding to fore wings; a streak of 
gray hairs below cell, and one on inner margin to postmedial line; a 
large flesh-colored spot at anal angle. Wings below pale with the 
usual antemedial and postmedial lines and discal spots; a subter- 
minal line on hind wings. The hind tibiae without long hair; fore 
tibiae with short tufts. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Baracoa, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19857, U.S.N.M. 


METALECTRA CASTRENSIS, new species. 





Male.—Palpi brown with fuscous circles. Body and wings dark 
brown. Fore wings: Veins on basal half shaded with dark gray; 
an ochreous basal line; a similar broader antemedial line, somewhat 
wavy, divided by a black line; orbicular and reniform fuscous brown; 
a wavy black medial line; a large lighter brown spot beyond reniform, 
filling curve of postmedial; this latter almost punctiform, outwardly 
pale edged on costa; a paler subterminal wavy shade indicated by 
darker edging; faint dark marginal spots. Hind wings: Traces of 
black lines on inner margin from middle to anal angle, the post- 
medial line outwardly edged with white; cilia mottled with reddish 
brown. Hind wings below whitish, irrorated with brown; a dark 
discal point, medial, and postmedial lines. The fore and mid tibiae 


a 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 377 





are smooth; the hind tibiae are wanting. The species can be readily 
recognized by the short white line on inner margin of hind wings. 
Expanse.—27 mm. 


Habitat.—Castro, Parana. 
Type.—Cat. No. 19858, U.S.N.M. 


METALECTRA TEMPERATA, new species. 


Male.—Body and fore wings dark brown; abdomen paler at base 
with a few dorsal bright brown hairs. Fore wings faintly tinged with 
dull purple gray, the markings brown black; antemedial line indi- 
cated by dark edging, fine on outer side, broad on inner side, expand- 
ing toward base and forming a large spot; orbicular small, a spot 
above it on costa; medial and postmedial lines macular, from large 
costal spots; reniform consisting of a reddish brown crescent, black 
edged, followed by paler mottlings, all very confused; postmedial 
followed by a series of white points on veins; a subterminal shade; 
marginal angular spots. Hind wings gray brown; a dark spot on 
inner margin at angle divided by a small white spot. Wings below 
whitish gray with faint antemedial, postmedial, and outer lines, also 
a few brown irrorations; discal spots better marked on hind wings. 
Hind tibiae without tufts. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19859, U.S.N.M. 


METALECTRA TANAMENSIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings light reddish brown; palpi with black 
rings; some dark segmental lines on abdomen, and dorsal mottlings 
about middle. Fore wings: Base mottled with gray; a pale broad 
antemedial fascia, inbent from costa, on it is the black orbicular 
point; a geminate dark medial line, outangled in cell, touching a 
brown crescent on discocellular; the space beyond broadly paler, but 
somewhat variable; postmedial line remote, fine, angular, and with 
white points on veins; a pale subterminal shade indicated by edging; 
marginal black points on interspaces, and a terminal dark line inter- 
rupted opposite them. Hind wings: Base without lines, otherwise 
the lines are as on fore wing, but do not reach the costal margin; a 
black point at end of cell. Wings below whitish with some brown 
irrorations; antemedial, medial, and postmedial brown wavy lines; 
black discal and marginal points; the costa of fore wings with dark 
spots. Palpi with the 3d point half as long as 2d. Fore and hind 
tibiae with long hairs. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Tanamo, Santiago, Cuba. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19860, U.S.N.M. 


378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





METALECTRA GEMINICINCTA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings moss green, the body and base of wings 
palest; some segmental black irrorations on abdomen. Fore wings: 
A dark gray antemedial fascia; a double black medial line; reniform 
a paler shade crossed by a dark line; postmedial fine, dark, double, 
wavily outcurved; a fuscous shade from apex, inbent opposite cell, 
then oblique to termen at vein 4; a terminal lunular black line. 
Hind wings similar but without the antemedial fascia. Wings below 
white. Fore wings suffused with brown; a medial and a fainter 
postmedial line, on costa fuscous and broader; an antemedial fus- 
cous costal spot. Hind wings: A medial brown line; a lunular post- 
medial line; subterminal brown irrorations. The fore tibiae with 
expanding tuft. Hind legs smooth. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba; Orizaba, Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19861, U.S.N.M. 

Closely allied to Metalectra picta Schaus. 


METALECTRA CORCYRA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings light brown. Abdomen dorsally irrorated 
with black. Wings: A double fuscous medial line; a black line on 
discocellular; postmedial fine, dark, lunular dentate, followed by a 
darker brown shade; a subterminal dark dentate shade; a terminal © 
dark line somewhat punctiform on fore wings; cilia mottled with 
fuscous. Fore wings: An antemedial fuscous brown fascia; a large 
fuscous spot on costa from postmedial to subterminal. Hind tibiae 
short without tufts. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19862, U.S.N.M. 


METALECTRA LITHOSTIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, and thorax whitish, mottled with brown. 
Abdomen light brown above with dark irrorations. Wings grayish 
brown, mottled with white, and a few reddish irrorations. Fore 
wings: A faint whitish basal and medial line; an irregular similar 
antemedial line; postmedial fine, dark brown, lunular, oblique to vein 
4, then incurved and outangled on submedian, followed by a whitish 
shade; an irregular subterminal whitish shade; a terminal wavy 
black line; reniform large, white, inwardly edged by a black line. 
Hind wings with lines corresponding to fore wings; a thick, velvety 
black line on discocellular. Hind tibiae smooth. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—Rio Trinidad, Panama. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19863, U.S.N.M. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SOCHAUS. 3879 





METALECTRA SAFINA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings purplish brown. Abdomen dorsally with 
basal segments ocher brown, otherwise ight brown with dark irrora- 
tions and segmental lines. Fore wings: A basal ocher white line; 
other lines reddish brown on costa with ocherous shadings between 
them; antemedial fine, wavy, inwardly edged with ocherous-white 
scaling; a faint, dark medial line; orbicular small, black; reniform 
large, brighter reddish brown, partly edged with ocherous; postmedial 
wavy, outcurved, outwardly finely mottled with ocherous; an irregu- 
lar subterminal, ocherous shade; marginal dark-brown spots. Hind 
wings grayish brown at base, and a similar streak below cell and vein 
2 to termen in the male only; a dark streak on discocellular, otherwise 
lines are ocherous shadings, as on fore wings; a heavy terminal, lunu- 
lar, black line. Wings below dark gray; faint medial and postmedial 
lines; a darker subterminal shade; fuscous discal spots; a whitish 
spot on costa of fore wings postmedially. Fore and hind tibiae with 
long tufts. 

Expanse.—20 mm. 

Habitat.—Aroa, Venezuela; La Chorrera, Panama; Jalapa, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19864, U.S.N.M. 


METALECTRA ROSEITINCTA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi fuscous, second joint with a pale ring. Head, collar, 
and thorax roseate brown. Abdomen fuscous above, gray under- 
neath. Fore wings chiefly roseate brown; a broad, dull-brown sub- 
basal fascia; a fine, black, antemedial vertical line; orbicular a black 
point; a medial, dull-brown shade; reniform almost oval, brown 
black; postmedial brown black, wavy, outcurved beyond cell; a 
broad, dull, dark-brown outer shade, followed by a roseate subter- 
minal line, outwardly edged with brown spots; termen roseate with 
large semilunar, dark-brown spots; base of cilia with alternate brown 
and roseate spots, otherwise gray. Hind wings dull brown with 
traces of lines and roseate shadings toward inner margin; termen 
and cilia as on fore wings. 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19865, U.S.N.M. 


LITHOPOMA, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi long, obliquely ascending; second joint densely but 
smoothly scaled; third joint smooth, acute, almost as long as second. 
Antennae smooth, with minute bristles. Fore femora with large tuft 
at base and shortly fringed. Hind tibiae dilated, with long tuft of 
hairs on inner side at base. Fore wings: Outer margin rounded; 


380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7 from end of areole, 
also 8 and 9 on long stalk; 10 from areole above; 11 free. Hind 
wings: Outer margin rounded; veins 3 and 4 very shortly stalked; 
5 close to lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Ipnea ardalus Druce.' 


Genus GLENOPTERIS Guenée. 
Glenopteris GUENEE, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 79, pl. 4, fig. 4. 


Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending; second joint stout; third joint 
slender acuminate, as long as second. Antennae pubescentciliate. Legs 
smooth. Wings broad. Fore wings: Vein 2 from well towards end 
of cell; 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 apart from lower angle; 6 below 
upper angle; areole broad; 7, 8, and 9 from end; 10 from areole above; 
11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 from middle 
of discocellular; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Glenopteris herbidalis Guenée. 

Also included in this genus are the following: 

Glenopteris oculata Cramer, Pap. exot., 1782, vol. 4, p. 71, pl. 324, 
fig. F=oculifera Hiibner, Exot. Schmett., vol. 2, p. 200, figs. 1, 
2, 3, 4; Verz. bek. Schmett., p. 255=oculiferalis Guenée, Delt. et 
Pyral., 1854, p. 80. 

Glenopteris ornata Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, 1911, 

9 
bare Genus SALIA Hiibner. 


Salia HUBNER, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, 339. 

Colobochila HiBNER, Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816, 344. 

Madopa STEPHENS, in Curtis’s Brit. Ins., 1827, p. 159. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, nearly porrect; second joint 
twice the length of head, with some longer hairs behind; third joint 
about one-third the length of second. Antennae minutely ciliated. 
Legs smooth. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin produced, 
rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 
10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 
from angles, or very shortly stalked; 5 above angle. 


MATILOXIS, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae pubescent ciliate. Palpi obliquely upturned; 
second joint moderately scaled; third joimt smooth, acute, one-third 
aslongassecond. Legssmoothly scaled. Fore wings: Costal margin 
straight; apex acute; outer margin outcurved at vein 4, inbent below; 
veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from 
areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 very shortly stalked; 
5 well above lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Rhaesena rubromarginata Schaus.? 

1 Biol, Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 482, pl. 40, fig. 11. 
2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 107. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3881 


The genus also contains: 

Matiloxis abarusalis (Bleptina) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 
1858, p. 869. 

Matiloxis rufinalis (Platydia) Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 
1865, p. 1122. 

Matiloxis jalapena (Rhaesena) Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
30, 1906, p. 107. 

Matiloxis nezeila (Rhaesena) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 107. 

Matiloxis defecta (Rhaesena) Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 42, 
1912, p. 79. 

Matiloxis darconis (Rhaesena) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, 
vol. 9, 1913, p. 33. 

Matiloxis melicerta (Rhaesena) Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 
8, vol. 9, 1913, p. 33. 

Matilozis zoum (Rhaesena) Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 
1914, p. 214. 

Matiloxis lilaceata (Rhaesena) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, 


p- 86. 
MATILOXIS CUBALIS, new species. 


Female.—Palpi orange brown. Head yellow brown. Collar, 
thorax, and base of abdomen lilacine gray, the latter dorsally shaded 
with black; the other abdominal segments dark red with black seg- 
mental lines, replaced on last segment by a white line. Forewings 
lilacine; antemedial shade dark brown, incurved in cell, outcurved 
below cell, edged with lilacine white; medial shade similar, narrower, 
outbent to end of cell, then vertical, followed on costa by a white 
shade crossed by a brown line which forms the commencement of 
postmedial; it is deeply outcurved below costa, vertical and parallel 
to medial line on inner margin; subterminal line fine, black on a 
lilacine ground, preceded on costal half by a yellow brown shade;~ 
termen umber brown, expanding to subterminal at veins 2-4; cilia 
white with a broad dark gray shade near base, and dark shaded at 
vein 4. Hind wings gray brown; a dark terminal line; cilia dark 
gray tipped with white. Wings below with the costal margins and 
apices shaded with bright red; a dark discal point, postmedial, and 
outer lines on hind wings. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—Santiago, Cuba. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19866, U.S. N. M. 


MATILOXIS JOSEALIS, new species. 

Female.—Palpi, head, and collar yellow brown. Thorax lilacine. 
Abdomen dark lilacine, the last segments shaded with yellow brown. 
Forewings mostly lilacine; the antemedial line olive brown, inangled 


382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





in cell and on submedian, outangled below cell; medial shade olive 
brown, outbent, from costa just before middle to inner margin beyond 
middle, slightly sinuous, followed by the whitish lilacine shade; 
reniform very indistinct on dark shade below costa, but outwardly 
edged by an oblique fuscous line, the whole followed by an oval bright 
brown shade; this shade followed by a dark reddish brown line, not 
reaching inner margin; the subterminal fine, fuscous, wavy, partly 
edged with llacine; some terminal brown shading; an interrupted 
terminal dark line; cilia white crossed by two dark gray lines. Hind 
wings brownish gray; cilia white, with the gray lines almost obsolete. 
Hind wings below dark gray, the apex shaded with light brown. 
Fore wings below whitish on inner half, otherwise irrorated with 
fuscous gray, and yellow brown at apex; a discal point closely fol- 
lowed by a dark medial line: traces of a subterminal dark shade. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—San Jose, Costa Rica. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19867, U. S. N. M. 


MATILOXIS? GUIANALIS, new species. 





Female.—Body and wings grayish brown. Forewings: Lines dark 
brown; fine; antemedial outcurved; reniform finely outlined, oval; 
postmedial outcurved around reniform, suffusing with the oblique 
medial line which is fuscous gray on costa, reddish brown, inwardly 
edged with yellow from subcostal to inner margin; faint traces of a 
subterminal shade; a bright brown shade at apex; terminal line fus- 
cous. Wings below paler brown with small black discal spots. 

Exepanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19868, U.S. N. M. 

This is doubtfully a matiloxis, the palpi being more curved, the 
third joint smaller and outbent. 





Genus UZINIA Schaus. 


Uzinia Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 1913, p. 31. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending, barely reaching above head, 
moderately scaled, the third joint minute. Antennae fasciculate. 
Legs smooth; fore tibiae with longer hairs. Abdomen with dorsal 
tufts at base. Forewings: Costa slightly convex; outer margin 
obliquely rounded; vein 3 well before lower angle; 4 and 5 from 
lower angle; 6 close to upper angle; 7,8, and 9, 10 from end of areole 
which is narrow; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.— Uzinia hyas Schaus. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3838 


Genus TOMYRIS Druce. 
Tomyris Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 440, pl. 35, fig. 25. 


Male.—Palpi long, porrect; third joint short, upturned. Antennae 
minutely ciliated. Legs smoothly scaled. Forewings: Apex acute; 
outer margin obliquely rounded; a long tuft of hairs below from base 
of inner margin; veins 3, 4, 5 almost equally apart; 6 from below 
upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole which is small; 11 free. 
Hind wings; Veins 3, 4, 5 from lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Tomyris nigropuncta Druce. 

Also included in this genus is the following species: 

Tomyris syllificalis UTypena) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 
30, 1904, p. 170. 

Genus OGOAS Druce. 


Ogoas Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 439, pl. 35, fig. 24. 


Male.—Palpi long, slender, porrect; third joint upturned, medi- 
ally hairy. Antennae minutely ciliated. Legs smoothly scaled. 
Forewings: Apex acute; outer margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 
from near lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 
7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Subcostal above 
with fringe of long upturned hairs; veins 3 and 4 shortly stalked; 5 
above angle; 6 from upper angle; 7 from cell, the two approximated 
for half their length. 

Type of genus.—Ogoas albtpuncta Druce. 

The following species are also contained in this genus: 

Ogoas broda (Boana) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, 
p. 168. 

Ogoas aroalis (Boana) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904. p. 168. 

Genus SOTIGENA Druce. 


Sotigena Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 437, pl. 35, fig. 22. 


Male.—Palpi porrect, long, shortly fringed above; third joint short, 
slightly upturned. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth. 
Forewings broad; apex acute; outer margin sinuous, slightly 
crenulate; a small tuft on inner margin beyond middle; vein 3 near 
lower angle; 4 and 5 close together from lower angle; 6 from upper 
angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free, approximating vein 10. 
Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 6 and 7 from upper 
angle; 5 well above angle. 

Type of genus.—Sotigena notodontoides Druce. 

Also the following species are included in this genus: 

Sotigena dulcis Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 438, 
pl. 35, p. 22. 

Sotigena rictalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud., fase. 8, 1914, p. 85. 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


ACMANA, new genus. 


Female.—Palpi long, porrect; second joint broadly fringed above; 
third joint acuminate about one-third the length of second. Anten- 
nae pubescent ciliate. Abdomen long and slender. Fore wings: 
Apex very acute; outer margin straight, oblique; vein 3 well before 
lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 near upper angle; 7, 8 
and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Costal margin straight; 
outer margin straight from below apex to vein 2, then truncate; 
veins 3 and 4, and 6 and 7 stalked; 5 from lower angle. 

Type of genus.—Herminia? moeonalis Walker.* 


ACMANA ? APICIOIDES, new species. 


Female.—Body and fore wings bone color tinged with ocherous 
brown; fringe of palpi tipped with white. Fore wings: Some slightly 
darker irrorations; lines all inbent from costa, straight; a faint 
double antemedial line, the space between from cell to inner margin 
slightly whitish; two dark brown round spots on discocellular; 
postmedial browner; a whitish outer line outwardly darker shaded; 
a white subterminal line dark edged; marginal points connected by 
a fine undulating line. Hind wings white; lines continued from fore 
wings except antemedial; the postmedial and outer lines dark brown, 
followed by mottling-like ground color of fore wing but not reaching 
costa or inner margin, except at termen. Wings below bone color 
irrorated and tinged with light brown; postmedial and outer lines 
less distinct, the former outwardly punctiform on fore wings, forming 
fuscous spots toward apex; Inner margin white; terminal points as 
above. 

Expanse.—29 mm. 

Habitat.—Castro Parana, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19869, U.S.N.M. 

In this species veins 3, 4, 5 on hind wings are equally apart. 








ACMANA ? PAULINA, new species. 


Female.—Body and wings whitish brown. Fore wings: An olive 
brown shade along subcostal from base to apex; lines brown; ante- 
medial fine, outcurved across cell and inbent; two brown points on 
discocellular; postmedial fine, inbent, slightly outcurved on costa; 
a similar outer line, darker, inwardly edged with white, outwardly 
shaded with olive brown, and with trigonate small spots on veins; a 
dark brown marginal lunular line, more heavily marked on inter- 
spaces; cilia whitish tipped with fuscous brown. Hind wings like 
fore wings, but no antemedial line, and the wing whiter shaded to 
outer line. Fore wings below: Inner area gray, wing otherwise 


1Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 857. 


NO. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 885 





brownish straw color; a fuscous shade on discocellular; a finely 
dentate postmedial line, outcurved on costa; a dark outer shade 
from apex to inner margin near tornus, crossed by a pale wavy line. 
Hind wings below whitish, the costa and termen tinged with brownish 
straw color; a fine streak on discocellular; postmedial line very 
fine, indistinct; a double outer, and asubterminal line, better marked, 
all dentate. 

Expanse.—36 mm. 

Habitat—Rio Janeiro. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19870, U.S.N.M. 

On hind wings veins 3 and 4 are from lower angle; 5 well above 
angle. 

Genus TIBRACANA Walker. 


Tibracana WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1198. 


Female.—Palpi porrect, as long as head and thorax, slender; 
second joint fringed above; third joint one-fifth the length of second, 
smoothly scaled. Antennae ciliated. Fore wings broad; apex very 
acute; outer margin obliquely outcurved, almost angled at vein 4; 
veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from near upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 10 
from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle. 
5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Trbracana zanthialis Walker. 

Alse the following species is contained in this genus: 

Tibracana gnoma (Palthis) Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 
1906, p. 128. 

Genus BOANA Walker. 


Boana WALKER, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 110. 


Male.—Palpi porrect three times the length of head; second joint 
fringed above, less so below; third joint short, acute, fringed near 
base. Antennae pubescent ciliate; an acute frontal tuft. Legs 
smooth; fore tibiae with small tuft at joint. Wings broad. Fore- 
wings: Apex acute, somewhat faleate; outer margin rounded; inner 
margin rounded; veins 2 and 3 from before middle of cell; 4 and% 
from lower angle; 6 from near upper angle; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole; 
11 free. Hind wings: Costal margin rounded; cell very short; veins 
3 and 4 on long stalk; 5 above angle; 6 from before upper angle; 7 
from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Boana semialba Walker. The type is a male, 
not a female as stated by Walker. The species is synonymous with 
Hypena cataleuca Herrich-Schiffer,' this latter specific name having 
priority. 

1 Ausser Eur. Schmett., p. 69, fig. 452. 
10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——25 


886 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





Genus LOMANALTES Grote. 
Lomanaltes Grote, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1873, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 12, 13. 


Male.—Palpi long, porrect, fringed above. Antennae ciliate. 
Frons with pointed tuft. Abdomen with dorsal tufts. Body below 
and legs smooth. Forewings moderately broad; costa somewhat 
depressed medially; outer margin obliquely rounded; veins 3, 4, 5 
equally apart; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole. 

Type of genus.—Lomanaltes laetulus Grote=Iypena_ eductalis 
Walker,! the latter name having priority. 


Genus PLATHYPENA Grote. 


Plathypena Grove, Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci., vol. 1, 1873, p. 38. 


Male.—Palpi porrect, second and third joints densely scaled. 
Antennae minutely ciliate. An acute frontal tuft. Abdomen with 
dorsal tufts on basal half. Thorax below hairy. Legs smooth. 
Forewings narrow; outer margin obliquely rounded; inner margin 
produced at tornus; veins 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole. Hind wings 
very broad; costal margin straight; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 
5 slightly above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Hybloea scabra Fabricius.’ 


Genus HYPENA Schrank. 
Hypena Scurank, Fauna Boica, vol. 2, pt. 2, 1802, p. 163. 


Male.—Palpi porrect long, heavily fringed above; an acute frontal 
tuft. Antennae minutely ciliated. Abdomen with only basal dorsal 
tuft prominent. Forewings narrow; tornus not produced; otherwise 
as Plathypena. 


Genus BOMOLOCHA Hibner. 
Bomolocha HiiBner, Verz., 1816, 343. 


Male.—Palpi porrect; second joint twice the length of head, well 
fringed below, less so above; third joint one-third the length of sec- 
ond, shortly fringed below, with a few long hairs above, the tip naked. 
Antennae with short even ciliae. Frons with acute tuft. Thorax 
below hairy. Abdomen above with dorsal tufts. Forewings: Veins 
3, 4, 5 equally apart; 7, 8 and 9, 10 from areole. 

Type of genus.—Crassalis Fabricius. 

The genus includes the following species described under Hypena, 
except umbralis Smith, described as a Bomolocha. 

Bomolocha exoletalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 29 =lyrcusalis 
Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 842=affinialis Méschler, 








1 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 36. 2 Ent. Syst. Suppl., vol. 4, 1794, p. 448. 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 3887 


Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 478=anda Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., 
Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 435, pl. 35, fig. 16. 

Bomolocha exoticalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 30 =lysoalis 
Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 842. 

Bomolocha subidalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 32 = pilosalis 
Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 33=triangularis Méschler, Lep. 
Jamaica, 1886, p. 63. 

Bomolocha vetustalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 35. 

Bomolocha latalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 39. Unknown 
to me. 

Bomolocha abscondalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 
48=Icbonia Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 432, 
pl. 35, fig. 8=oronalis Schaus, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, 
p- 155. 

Bomolocha pacatalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 80. 

Bomolocha acclinalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 80= 
anicina Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 434, pl. 35, 
ee AS: 

Bomolocha megaspila Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. 9, 1888, 
p. 193 =complanalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 75. 

Bomolocha umbralis Smith Bull. Bklyn. Ent. Soc., vol. 7, 1884, 
p. 4=cervinalis Moschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 223. 

Bomolocha conditalis Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 222; 
probably the same as vetustalis Guenée. 

Bomolocha andraca Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 428, pl. 34, fig. 7. 

Bomolocha lanassa Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 430, pl. 34, fig. 27. 

Bomolocha ammonia Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 432, pl. 35, fig. 9. 

Bomolocha androna Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 434, pl. 35, fig. 12. 

Bomolocha locusta Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 436, pl. 35, fig. 18. 

Bomolocha angitia Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 436, pl. 35, fig. 20. 

Bomolocha drucealis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soce., vol. 30, 1904, 
p. 169=manalis Druce (not Walker), Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 
1890, p. 427, pl. 34, fig. 5=deveralis Schaus, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 14, 1912, p. 212. 

Bomolocha purpuralis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 170. 

Bomolocha dasialis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1904, vol. 30, 
pe let: 


388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


Bomolocha uvalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1904, vol. 30, 


DevkeZ. 

Bomolocha glumalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1904, vol. 30, 
Pp: Le2: 

Bomolocha guenéecalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1904, vol. 
30, p. 172. 

Bomolocha coatalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1904, vol. 30, 
Dee D. 
Bomolocha claxalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1904, vol. 30, 
PLi3: 

Bomolocha turalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 1904, vol. 30, 
p- 174. 

Bomolocha ducalis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 
1912, p. 212. 

Bomolocha frigida Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 
1912, p. 213. 

Bomolocha miranda Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 
1913; p> 27. 


Bomolocha chaka Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 74. 

Bomolocha dodra Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 77. 

Bomolocha columbiata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 78. 

Bomolocha popayana Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 78. 

Bomolocha transversalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p.78. 

Bomolocha penumbralis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p.79. 

The following species which are unknown to me probably come 
under Bomolocha: 

Hypena vittula Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, 
p. 438. 

Hypena leucoptera Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, 
p. 439. 

Hypena lyse Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, p. 439. 

Hypena melaleuca Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7, 1901, 
p- 439. 


Hypena umbriferalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 76. - 


Hypena uruguayalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 79. 
Hypena pictalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 80. 
Hypena bolivianalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, p. 81. 
Hypena pigralis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 81. 
Hypena effectais Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 82. 
Hypena uniformalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 82. 
Hypena franciscalis Maassen, in Stiibel, Reisen in Sud-Amerika, 
1890, p. 152, pl. 7, fig. 20. 
Bomolocha valkeralis, new name for Hypena securalis Walker (not 
Guenée), Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 44. 


ee Re i i a eet 


GK ae Pacem 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 889 
BOMOLOCHA MORELOSALIS, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings brown. Fore wings tinged with purplish 
crossed by fine indistinct fuscous lines, and with some scattered black 
brown irrorations; traces of a fine reddish brown, geminate ante- 
medial line; a black and white point as orbicular; a narrow dark 
shade, crossing discocellular where it encloses a white point and is 
outwardly Lmited by the postmedial line, which is fine, reddish brown, 
incurved from costa to vein 5, and again from vein 5 to inner margin; 
subterminal black spots; a fine reddish, angular, terminal line. Hind 
wings below ocher brown crossed by numerous dark strize; a dark 
point on discocellular. 

Expanse.—27 mm. 

Habitat.—Morelos, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19871, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ANEPISCHETOS Smith. 


Anepischetos Smrru, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 482. 


Male.—Palpi three times the length of head, porrect; second joint 
fringed above and below. Abdomen with only a flat dorsal tuft at 
base. Antennae ciliated. Neuration as in other Hypeninae. 

Type of genus.—Anepischetos bipartita Smith 1 =lividalis Hiibner ? = 
abjuralis Walker *= Hypena scissalis Walker.‘ 

The species will stand as Anepischetos luwidalis Hibner. 

The following species described under Hypena belong to this genus: 

Anepischetos porrectalis Fabricius, according to Guenée, Delt. et 
Pyral., 1854, p. 37=obditalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, 
p. 48=<incertalis Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 225 =wmbratilis 
Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 77. This last the same as 
Guenée’s var. A. 

Anepischetos minualis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 36 =tritu- 
beralis Zeller, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 22, 1862, p. 469= 
citata Grote, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 4, 1871, p. 101 =obtectalis 
Moschler, Lep. Jamaica, 1886, p. 63. 

Anepischetos crambalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 37. 

Anepischetos securalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 35. 

Anepischetos mactatalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 45 = 
philomedia Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 1898, p. 228, Biol., 
pl. 97, fig. 24=jonesalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 171. 

Anepischetos abscisalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 49. 





1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 482. 3 Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 68. 
2 Eur. Schmett., vol. 6, pl. 2, fig. 11. 4Idem, vol. 34, 1865, p. 1133. 


390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Anepischetos degesalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 843 = 
disseptalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1134=vinculalis 
Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 224=ancara Druce, Biol. Centr. 
Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 433, pl. 35, fig. 10. 

Anepischetos livia Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol., 1, 1890, p. 
429, pl. 34, fb 1 “ahemioka Druce, Biol. Conte Weer. Het., volo 
1890, p. 429, pl. 34, fig. 22. 

Anépischeios sbraabilis Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer. , Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 429, pl. 34, figs. 9- 20 = cachialis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 
eval, 9, 1912, p. 212. 

Anepischetos andrapana Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1 1890 
p: 432, pl. 35, fig. 7. 

Anepischetos lipara Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, 
p. 433, pl. 35, fig. 11, probably the same as porrectalis Guenée. 

Anepischetos loro Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1890, p. 
435, pl. 35, fig. 15. 

Anepischetos divergens Druce, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 7 


1901, p. 438. 

Anepischetos castricalis Schaus, Trans. amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 169. 

Peo piachcios tepecalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 169. . 

Anepischetos calistalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, 
p. 169. 

Anepischetos freija Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, 
Del70: 

Anepischetos perialis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, 
Deets: 

Anepischetos gozama Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, 
po le2. 


Anepischetos veltalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, 
p. 174, possibly = calistalis. 

Anepischetos evanalis Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 1904, 
Ds Lie. 

Anepischetos gaudialis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 9, 
1912, p. 213. 

Anepischetos hicetasalis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1913, 
p. 26. 

Anepischetos fufialis Schaus, ann. Meg. Nat. Hist., vol. 11, 1913, 
pe 2i. 

Anepischetos violealis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 75. 

Anepischetos parancara Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, 
p. 75. 

Anepischetos indentata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, p. 76. 


ee 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAB—SCHAUS. 391 


Anepischetos tucumanalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, 


Paol. 
Anepischetos lactiferalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, 
p. 83. 


Hypena suavalis Méschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 479, prob- 
ably belongs here, as Méschler states it is related to Lividalis Hubner. 


Genus DIDA Druce. 


Dida Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 490. 


Male.—Palpi porrect, more than twice the length of head; third 
joint less than half the length of second, moderately scaled. 
Antennae pubescent. Legs smoothly scaled. Body slender. Fore 
wings: Vein 3 from near lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 
6 close to upper angle; 7,8, and 9, 10 from areole; 11 free. Hind 
wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 close to angle; 6 and 7 
from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Dida cidaria Druce. 





ZOROTHIs, new genus. 


Male.—Palpi porrect, short, twice the length of head; second 
joint fringed above and below; third joint, short, down curved. 
Antennae minutely pubescent. Frontal tuft downbent. Legs 
smooth. Wings broad. Fore wings: Apex acute; outer margin sinu- 
ous; veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8, and 9, 
10 from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Zorothis zacualpana Schaus, 


ZOROTHIS ZACUALPANA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax and fore wings grayish brown. Fore 
wings: Some darker irrorations along costal margin; lines straight 
on costa, then curved and inbent to inner margin, fine, minutely 
wavy, dark brown; antemedial with a dark spot on costa; post- 
medial broadly shaded with dull brown on medial side, touching a 
round black-brown spot on discocellular; termen darker shaded; 
traces of a dull brown subterminal shade. Hind wings and abdomen 
ocher brown, the abdomen irrorated with black; hind wings paler 
shaded along costa; an interrupted fuscous terminal shade. Hind 
wings below whitish thickly irrorated with brown; a_ brown 
point on discocellular; a punctiform postmedial line; terminal line 
dark brown cut by the veins. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Zacualpan, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19872, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by R. Miller. 


892 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





ZOROTHIS DISSIMILIS, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings dark gray. Abdomen 
ochreous irrorated with gray. Fore wings: The scaling forming 
thickset fine lines; antemedial, medial and postmedial lines very 
fine, black; antemedial from a black point on costa, inbent; medial 
parallel with postmedial, which is inwardly darker shaded on costa, 
slightly curved near cell, and minutely lunular to inner margin; 
reniform small, finely outlined; subterminal shade very faint; a 
darker terminal shade. Hind wings whitish overspread with 
brownish scaling; a terminal dark line. Hind wings below white 
with some brown gray scaling; a faint discal point and postmedial 
punctiform line. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat —Zacualpan, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19873, U.S.N.M. 

Collected by R. Miller. 


Genus ARTILOXIS Schaus. 


Artiloxis Scuaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, p. 43. 


Female.—Palpi porrect, twice the length of head; second joint with 
short fringe below; third joint short, smooth, slightly upbent. An- 
tennae simple. Fore wings: Vein 3 before lower angle; 4 and 5 from 
lower angle, apart; 6 from upper angle; areole small; 7, 8 and 9, 10 
from areole; 11 free. Hind wings: Cell short; veins 3 and 4 stalked; 
5 well above angle; 6 and 7 very shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Artiloxis vitiosa Schaus. 


Genvws CARILEADE, Sehaus: 


Carillade Scuavus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1918, p. 39. 


Male.—Palpi porrect; second joint twice the length of head, smooth, 
with slight fringe above. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Fore legs 
thickly scaled; base of fore tarsi with tufts. Fore wings: Outer 
margin obliquely rounded; vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 and 5 
from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; 7, 8 and 9 from end, 10 from 
areole above; 11 free. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 very shortly 
stalked; 5 close to angle; 6 and 7 very shortly stalked. 

Type of genus.—Carillade harmonia Schaus. 


Genus DYSGLYPTOGONA Warren. 


Dysglyptogona WARREN, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 248. 

Male.—Palpi obliquely ascending reaching well above head; second 
joint thickly scaled; third joint conical. Patagia long, heavily 
fringed. Antennae pubescent ciliate. Legs smooth. Fore wings 





a Na 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 398 





long, rather narrow; costa straight; apex acute; outer margin angled 
at vein 4; veins 3, 4, 5 close together; 6 below upper angle; 7 from 
areole; 8 and 9 on long stalk from areole; 10 and 11 free, from cell well 
before end. Hind wings triangular, produced at vein 7; outer margin 
straight; veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 
from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Dysglyptogona dissimilis Warren. 


Genus ALINZA Walker. 
Alinza WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1148. 


Male.—Palpi long, porrect; second joint with triangular fringe 
above; third joint short, slightly downturned. Antennae serrate 
with minute cilia. Fore tibiae thinly clothed with long hair-like 
scales. Fore wings acute; vein 3 from before lower angle; 4 from 
lower angle; 5 slightly above angle; 6 below upper angle; 7 shortly 
stalked with 8 and 9 from end of areole; 10 and 11 stalked from 
areole. Hind wings: Veins 3 and 4 well stalked; 5 from middle of 
discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked. 

Type of genus.—Alinza discessalis Walker. 


ALINZA BANIANOIDES, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings lilacine ocher. Ab- 
domen and hind wings fuscous brown. Fore wings overlaid with close 
set vertical lines of brown scales, and crossed by two straight parallel 
dark reddish brown lines; first line just before middle, inwardly finely 
edged with yellowish; second line well beyond cell, outwardly finely 
edged with yellowish; terminal black brown spots. Hind wings: A 
faint dark terminal line. 

Expanse.—18 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19874, U.S.N.M. 

Looks very much like a small Baniana. 


ALINZA CUMANA, new species. 


Male.—Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings grayish white, irrorated 
with light brown. Abdomen and hind wings yellowish white with 
some brown scaling. Fore wings: Lines yellow brown; antemedial 
slightly inbent, somewhat wavy; a black point on discocellular; 
postmedial forming three faint curves; subterminal wavy, irregular; 
terminal black spots. Hind wings: An interrupted terminal black 
line. Wings below yellowish white irrorated with brown; traces of a 
fine straight, postmedial line. 

Expanse.—22 mm. 

Habitat.—Sao Paulo, S. E. Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19875, U.S.N.M. 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Genus OROSCOPA Druce. 
Oroscopa Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 486, pl. 40, figs. 22, 23. 


Female.—Antennae with minute bristles. Palpi long, obliquely 
ascending, slender; 2d joint with triangular fringe above; 3d joint a 
little more than half the length of 2d, smooth, with small tuft above 
before end. Wings deeply crenulate. Forewings: Vein 3 from lower 
angle; 4, and 5 apart above angle; 6 below upper angle; areole dou- 
ble; 7 from lower areole; 8 and 9 on long stalk from near 7; 10 and 11 
stalked from upper areole. Hind wings: Veins 38 and 4 from lower 
angle; 5 well above angle; 6 and 7 from upper angle. 

Type of genus.—Oroscope concha Druce. 

The genus also contains: 

Oroscopa privigna (Pangrapta) Méschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, 
p. 465, pl. 8, fig. 18 =Oroscopa delicata Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 
ser. 8, vol. 8, 1911, p. 224=Freila alastor Schaus, Proc. Ent. Soc. 
Wash., vol. 14, 1912, p. 217. 

Oroscopa punctata Druce, Biol. Centr. Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, p. 
486, pl. 40, fig. 23. 

Oroscopa calverti Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, 1911, 
p. 224. 

Oroscopa hacupha Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 8, 
1911, p. 225. 

Oroscopa noctifera Schaus, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. 14, 1912 
peli: 

Oroscopa belus Schaus, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 46, 1914, p. 524. 


OROSCOPA ELECTRONA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi, head, front of collar, and tibiae dark brown; tarsi 
pale ochreous; collar, thorax, abdomen, and forewings grayish ochre, 
Forewings: Some scattered brown and black irrorations; an ante- 
medial fine, angled, brown line on costal margin; some fuscous scales 
on discocellular followed by a white spot; a postmedial grayish fascia 
divided by four fine brown lines, deeply outcurved beyond cell, then 
wavily inbent toward base, followed on inner margin by a yellowish 
shade; outer margin partly suffused with brown; subterminal small 
brown spots irrorated with white, from vein 3 to inner margin, fol- 
lowed by a dark brown shade. Hind wings grayish ocher on basal 
half, crossed by antemedial, a diffuse dark-brown fascia; a fuscous 
point on discocellular; medial dark points, the largest on costa; outer 
half of wing bright brownish to a darker shade, straight from apex to 
inner margin near angle; terminal space dark grayish brown. Wings 
below pale grayish ocher, thinly irrorated with fuscous brown; 
irregular subterminal dark spots and suffusions. Forewings: An 
irregular medial fuscous fascia narrow on costa; a white spot beyond 


No. 2182. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAR—SCHAUS. 395 





cell. Hind wings: An antemedial fuscous brown fascia; some medial 
dark points. 

Expanse.—41 mm. 

Habitat.—Petropolis, Brazil. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19876, U.S.N.M. 


OROSCOPA CORDOBENSIS, new species. 





Female.—Body and wings dull, dark grayish brown, crossed by 
indistinct darker lines; cell spots large, round, black. Forewings: 
Traces of a pale wavy subterminal line; terminal space from near vein 
5 to apex fuscous. Hind wings: An irregular postmedial series of 
black spots; a subterminal pale ochreous line inwardly edged with 
bright brown. Wings below paler ocher gray, thinly irrorated with 
black; the macular postmedial black line distinct; cell spots as above; 
a subterminal pale line inwardly edged with fuscous lunules; some 
black spots near base; interrupted fuscous lines, medial on forewings, 
antemedial on hind wings. 

Expanse.—28 mm. 

Habitat.—Cordoba, Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19877, U.S.N.M. 





BOSTRYCHARIA, new genus. 


Male.—Antennae pubescent ciliate (broken near base). Palpi 
upturned, smoothly scaled, not reaching above vertex. Vertex 
with projecting tuft of curly scales. Legs hairy. Fore wings broad; 
costa arched at base, somewhat depressed medially; apex acute, 
subfalcate; outer margin rounded; vein 3 before lower angle; 4 from 
angle; 5 slightly above; 6 close to upper angle; 7, 8, 9 well stalked 
from end of areole; 10 from end of areole; 11 suffusing with 10 to form 
another small areole, then parallel with vein 10 to costa. Hind wings: 
Veins 3 and 4 from lower angle; 5 somewhat above angle; 6 and 7 
stalked. 

Type of genus.—Phaeochlaena cuprea Schaus.! 


SCHIRACES, new genus. 


Female.—Palpi long, porrect, the second joint fringed above, the 
third very short. Antennae with short bristles. Fore wings: Apex 
acute, outer margin slightly sinuous; vein 3 from before lower angle; 
4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 from upper angle; areole double; 7, 8, 9 
stalked; 10 and 11 stalked. Hind wings: Veins 8 and 4 stalked; 5 
from near middle of discocellular; 6 and 7 stalked. 

Type of genus.—Schiraces mopsus Schaus. 





1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 30, 1906, p. 110. 


396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





SCHIRACES MOPSUS, new species. 





Female.—Palpi brown. Head, collar, thorax, and fore wings pale 
buff. Abdomen with transverse gray brown shades. Fore wings: 
Lines and shadings brown; antemedial line remote from base, very 
fine, angled on costa, slightly inbent and interrupted; a black point 
as reniform; postmedial fine, nearly vertical, darker shaded on costa, 
opposite cell, and across submedian fold; subterminal fine, irregular; 
some marginal shadings; a terminal fuscous brown line, interrupted 
by veins; cilia dark shaded. Hind wings grayish brown; a dark 
terminal line. Hind wings below pale buff, thinly irrorated with 
brown. <A round dark spot on discocellular; a fine postmedial line; 
a dark terminal line. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19878, U.S.N.M. 


SCHIRACES MORTHOA, new species. 


Male.—Body and wings dull grayish brown. Fore wings: A faint 
medial and postmedial line, consisting of darker brown irrorations; 
orbicular and reniform each consisting of a black point; a terminal 
fuscous line. Hind wings: A terminal fuscous line. Hind wings 
below whitish, irrorated with brown on costal and outer margins; 
a dark discal point, and postmedial line; an interrupted terminal 
fuscous line. Fore tibia somewhat dilated with a tuft of long hairs 
at base. 

Expanse.—15 mm. 

Habitat.—Cayenne, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19879, U.S.N.M. 


Genus BOLETOBIA Boisduval. 


Boletobia Botspuvat, Lepidoptera, 1840, p. 41. 

Laugasa WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 850. Type, LZ. perillalis 
Walker. 

Narulla WatKER. Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 24, 186, p. 1083. Type, N. infixaria 
Walker. 


Male.—Palpi porrect, densely scaled. Antennae bipectinate. Legs 
smoothly scaled. Fore wings: Outer margin curved; vein 3 before 
lower angle; 4 and 5 from lower angle; 6 below upper angle; areole 
double; 7, 8, 9 usually stalked; 10 and 11 stalked. Hind wings: 
Veins 3, 4, 5 equally apart; 6 and 7 stalked. 

The genus also contains: 

Boletobia funerea (Stellidia) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 30, 
1904, p. 166. 

Boletobia nivosita (Stellidia) Schaus, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 
vol. 30, 1904, p. 166. 


}’Ss wa eK. oo OS 


No. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 397 








Boletobia juno (Stellidia) Jones, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1912, 
p- 425. 

Boletobia estella (Stellidia) Jones, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 425. 

Boletobia tenebrosa Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 
11, 1913, p. 30= Boletobia rugosa Dyar, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, 
1914, p. 211. 

Boletobia turpis Schaus, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 11, 1913, 
p.30. 

Boletobia variata (Metalectra) Schaus, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 
46, 1914, p. 540. 

Boletohia annuligera (Stellidia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 
8, 1914, p. 86. 

Boletobia micraster (Stellidia) Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 


1914, p. 87. 
BOLETOBIA MARGINATA, new species. 


Male.—Body fuscous. Wings fuscous, the outer margins broadly 
brownish buff, irrorated with black, more thickly in some specimens 
than in others. ore wings: Antemedial line defined by buff scaling, 
inbent in cell, thickest on costa; reniform indistinct, black, a buff 
spot on costa above it; postmedial black, lunular, defined by buff 
scaling on its outer edge; an interrupted marginal fuscous line. 
Hind wings: A black discal spot; the postmedial line upcurved below 
cell. Wings below duller without distinct lines 

Expanse.—17 mm. 

Habitat.—Geldersland, Surinam; Maroni River, French Guiana. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19880, U.S.N.M. 


BOLETOBIA PYGMAEA, new species. 


Male.—Palpi fuscous, the joints tipped with white. Frons fuscous; 
vertex white; collar and thorax’ white, shaded with fuscous brown. 
Abdomen fuscous gray. Wings fuscous brown, the markings white; 
an antemedial row of spots, followed by two more between cell and 
submedian; a line on costa above end of cell; reniform broad, crossed 
by a curved dark line; a white shade below end of cell crossed by a 
lunular dark line; a postmedial row of small spots, the one opposite 
cell inset and larger; the subterminal spots larger than the post- 
medial, the spot below vein 6 inset; small spots oncilia. Hind wings: 
Postmedial and subterminal white spots, larger opposite cell, and on 
inner margin; cilia as on fore wings. Wings below dark greyish; sub- 
terminal whitish spots on fore wings below vein 6, and above vein 7; 
a postmedial dark line on hind wings, outwardly pale shaded. 

Expanse.—16 mm. 

Habitat.—St. Jean, Maroni River. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19881, U.S.N.M. 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 
SPECIES NOT LOCATED. 


Corynitis penicillalis Hiibner. 

Madopa firmalis Guenée, Delt et Pyral., 1854, p. 22. Probably a 
species of Baniana. 

Hypena? internalis Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 41. 

Bleptina syrmialis, Guenée, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 68. 

Hypena polybealis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 16, 1858, p. 229. 
Belongs to a new genus (according to Sir George Hampson). 

Bleptina aeatusalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 871. 

Palthis? orasuisalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 19, 1859, p. 886. 
Type lost. 

Cambogia albopunctata Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 24, 1862, 
p. 1587. 

Hypena pyralalis Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 108. 

Hypena? murina Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 109. 

Hypena? concinnulalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, 
p. 1134. Type lost. 

Bertula excelsalis Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 34, 1865, p. 1167. 

Physula albirenalis Herrich-Schiffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg, 
1870, p. 106. 

Physula variegalis Herrich-Schiffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg, 1870, 


p. 106. 

Physula tristigalis Herrich-Schiaffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg, 1870, 
p. L077. 

Physula herminialis UHerrich-Schiffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg, 
1870, p. 107. 


Physula acutalis Herrich-Schiffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg, 1870, 
p- 107. 

Physula apicalis Herrich-Schiaffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg, 1870, 
p. 107. 

Bisas distigmula Herrich-Schiffer, Corr.-Blatt. Regensburg, 1870, 
p. 108. 

Synalissa tempaca Méschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 475. 

Zanclognatha vanica Moschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 476. 

Zanclognatha bicolor Méschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 476, 
pl. 9, fig. 22. 

Hypena unformalis Méschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 479. 

Mindora tortriciformis Méschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 3, 1880, p. 483. 

Asylaea inflecea Méschler, Lep. Surinam, pt. 5, 1880, p. 358. 

Metallata variabilis Méschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 220. 

Physula peckii Moéschler, Lep. Porto Rico, 1890, p. 232. 

Hypena fuscipennis Warren, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 231. 

Zorzines plumula Druce, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Het., vol. 1, 1891, 
p. 446, pl. 36, figs. 16, 16a male. 


no. 2132. REVISION OF THE SUBFAMILY HYPENINAE—SCHAUS. 399 


Megatomis cyanolepia Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 132, 
pl.cd, fie; 19. 

Zanclognatha bipunctata Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, 
p- 133, pl. 6, fig. 1. 

Physula novitata Kaye, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1901, p. 135, 
pl. 6, fig. 8. 

Campometra? peonza Dognin, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belge., vol. 41, 1897, 


p. 416. 

Megachyta flavipunctatalis Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914, 
p. 59. 

? Drepanopalpia cassida Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fasc. 8, 1914, 
p. 64. 


? Simplicia flavipunctulata Dognin, Het. Amér. Sud, fase. 8, 1914 
p. 88. 





FISHES COLLECTED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF 
FISHERIES STEAMER “ALBATROSS” DURING 18838, 
BETWEEN MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY, AND TOME, CHILE, 
ON THE VOYAGE THROUGH THE STRAITS OF 
MAGELLAN. 


By Witt F. Tompson, 
Of Stanford University, California. 


The United States Bureau of Tisheries steamer Albatross during 
1887-88 passed by way of the Straits of Magellan from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific, collecting at various points en route. The present 
paper deals with those fishes collected between Montevideo, Uru- 
guay, and Tome, Chile, the latter situated near the last dredging 
station included, at 38° 08’ 00’ south latitude. Although the col- 
lection has remained untouched for such a long period of time, 
there is a great deal of interesting material included, with some new 
species, and pains have been taken to give as full notes as possible 
on the many poorly known forms. A thorough revision of the 
species of the genus Notothenia is given, with the hope that it will 
prove more satisfactory than its predecessors. 

The writer is under the greatest obligations to Dr. C. H. Gilbert 
for much aid given by him during the preparation of the paper. 
The Macrourids had been previously examined by Doctor Gilbert 
and the new species are accredited jointly to him and to the author. 

The drawings are by Mr. W. S. Atkinson. 

The following data are taken from the list of the dredging and 
trawling stations of the fisheries steamer Albatross, published by the 
United States Bureau of Fisheries. Jor further information con- 
cerning the character of the bottom and either surface or bottom 
temperature, that list 1 may be consulted. 


1U.S8,. Fish Commission Report for 1900, pp. 387 to 562. 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 50—No. 2133. 
10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 26 401. 





402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





Dredging and trawling stations of the ‘‘Albatross,’’ between Montevideo, Uruguay, and 
Tome, Chile. 




















Position. 
eat Bate = once 
Serial No. 1888. | Latitude | Longitude | fathoms. 
south, west. 
° , ut ° / a? 
Ee oss ee ee a Ee ee ee eee eee ee ra Jan. 12 | 36 42 00] 56 23 00 11.5 
IGS Pah eae 3 eee eS ae ae sek ee SAE ae FEE do-.i2. 36 43 00 | 56 23 00 10.5 
ZEGO rere ee ee eae eee Oe eee ee ee ee ote seme ere coe 36 47 00 | 56 23 00 10.5 
PEGI es <3 Gee oe ERIS ee Sn. EE ERE Ere Jan. 13 | 40 03 00] 58 56 00 52 
DAR ce Rotate ee me tae EE So SER Tae ers anette Jan. 14 | 42 24 00/| 61 38 30 43 
POD ice oie ba Scien ne aN se ee eae eels Danielle b ra abate tetera te Jan. 15 | 45 22 00] 64 20 00 olso 
ZikO asa osiccw ee oer oe te mole Nee ve alae re ae ee Oe civ aie eeiotas Jan. 16} 48 37 00| 65 46 00 58 
Dale etcteate biatais Merten ere Selenite ac eeeeue Se Ee eee Jan. 17] 51 34 00] 68 00 00 50.5 
D File salem tanel case aes s Beet clol eo el eto to ree ren en opetanaretern ote erarate etna oes doseees 52 16 00 | 68 13 00 31.5 
Wt a ase ecole isis Seen SOS se ne DEE PR aerators oe doszs3 52) 23) 100"|'68) LE 100: 10 
Straits of Magellan. 
UR Note ae ela ate e BIS Ae Sn ee ne cie Seite RG RECS Saracen Jan. 18/52 23 00| 68 31 30 17 
DLO « oi0ts ne ea ja Dew okie Rica wiclaels ele loinia sie nisin Soa sie ee ten Demi areas [aes doe. 52 22 30) 69 22 00 29.5 
Dee Soe ee ee rae ie eo ne eee See eee RK ee eee a ees does 52 41 00) 69 55 30 21 
Dliksreeaidore asco oa Sate Bal es arate cay otal oqaraintoiaYaretepes ale ioe ce Seaver Jan. 19} 52 388 00) 70 10 30 19.75 
ZITO Aa rami MTS ae eels ote Meee else iotehte eet neice See Jan; 23 | 53° OL 00°| 70°42) 15 61 
DOS a oeis cock ee Orn caine ie one sige es See Se cto see Secale ae douoess 53 06 00} 70 40 30 itao 
, 1 
Off Chile, South America. 

DLS ROOM ee ne etic ears ne mae cereale s\n ee EER ite Seca einer Feb. 2] 53 O1 00] 73 42 30 369 
QIStssntwae ke toast) cde se tse Poe atk es~ see bh aaee Feb. 451 52 00/73 41 OO 348 
eee OTe a et ee cele a ee rere Sere eis TS ee SETI etre einTeceieions Feb: 6 ]o1. 12°00) 74 13° (30 258 
DISS oe eo ee Me SAE eyeing eR one onic ee oe Pass Se ae ee lees dott.c: 51 02 30) 74 O8 30 122 
LES ee ate OT are ee TE nc TRE San Se iE PE Gaeta Feb. 8 | 48 41 00] 74 24 OO 194 
DBD G eee rales one IS cleric © paisa Serco EE a cae = eee eee dower 48 09 00] 74 36 00 449 
SO mee Sle cane Ae OEE Ge OT ITE oe ora eto ra see Dee aT Feb. 9| 46 46 00] 75 16 30 57 
Di Sih cptrinslarstaietecis aele BRR Ris so nya aa see eee bw EERISEO Ee Ce eaters dots. 46 47 30] 75 15 00 61 
NSO eae Tele e a eh Sete eee Tae Sie eles Sie ere eee en ere Aerara Keb. olf 45 859700!) 75) .b5) 00 1,050 
ZI SOR wl oeiera sas stojaniarcetch ise c Eee ee eee COE Se Ce Dae eb. 12 | 42 36 00] 72 28 00 1,342 
ZO See nett fares Sie en orerele Hie Ree Ee EGC eee nese Feb. 13 | 39 21 00] 75 53 00 1, 287 
DON a se cid ease Oe Meo <P ee SE Sa ae oo diye oo eS Feb. 14} 38 08 00} 75 53 00 677 


In working over the literature dealing with these species great 
difficulty was met in locating the various places in which collecting 
had been done. For this reason it has been thought well to include 
the following list of localities, giving the longitude and latitude as 
taken from Government charts. In a few of the cases these are ap- 
proximate, but are close enough to serve the desired purposes: 





Latitude | Longitude Latitude | Longitude 


Locality. south. west. Locality. south. west. 
° ’ ° / ° , ° , 
IROMOy 0h Sta esse 36 35 72-153 Daredo: Bay. 2s. . .s28se2 53 00 70 52 
AICANUSNOLSS na cee oar 36 45 (310 Gregory Bay... csc. sesee 52 40 70 20 
| fay (ee es, Se 37.,,9 Tog Second Narrows.......--- 52 42 70 28 
Chiloe Island. .......--...- 42 30 73 55 First Narrows (and Point 
Chonos Archipelago... .-- 45 Ol 74 00 Delgada) secre 2 oe 52 30 69 35 
Taitao Peninsula. ..-.. wen, 46),.20 74 30 Cape Espiritu Santo. ....- 52 40 68 38 
Port-Otway 2 esse 223202" 46 50 75 18 CapormVirginsts--)---e es -o- || ade eee 68 28 
Messier Channel. .......-. 47 45 74° 45 Sarmiento Bank.......--- 52 30 68 10 
Island Harbor (in Mes- Port Gallegos. .......--<-.< 51 37 69 2 
sier Channel). .......... 47 45 74 45 Cape Redondo......--...-- 50 52 69 10 
Wellington Island......-- 49 00 74 45 Magdalen Sound.......-..- 54 10 71 00 
Port Grappler. 2-22 os..2 49 25 74 15 Admiralty Sound........- 54 00 70 00 
Puerto Bueno.......-...- 50 55 74° «8 Brecknock Peninsula... . - 54 30 71 40 
Hanover Island..........- 51 00 74 45 Clarence Island........-.- 54.67 71 40 
Mayne Harbor............ 51 20(?)} 74 15(?) || Brecknock Pass.....-..-.-.- 54 42 71 57 
Smyth Channel........... 52 35 73 38 Hopeweanbors-cseescecees 54. 8 71 5 
Otter Bay (in Smyth apataia Bays-conssceecsst soa 02 68 20 
Channel) yseseq cscs §2 35 73 38 Beagle Channel........-.-- 54 55 68 00 
ROVE CHUIruUCa. cc <-ce es 53. 6 73 52 Wshuaia ce ea 54 52 68 00 
BON AABSYe oases -n ce aaa 53° 40(?)| 72 3(?) || Haberton Harbor......... 54 52 67 20 
Port Mamine-s -oces-c55- 53 40 71 00 Orange Bays. 22--o-4-- oe 55 30 68 10 
Sandy Point (Punta Are- 
MAS) Paes Sctocicemi semen 53 10 70 55 








NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 403 





For convenience and also because in the case of the present collec- 
tion it is the most natural method, the collection has been divided 
into three parts, namely: (1) Those from the east coast; (2) those 
from the west coast, including the Straits of Magellan and extending 
as far north as 46° 45’ south latitude; and (3) those to the northward 
of this. There are but few species found on both the western and 
eastern coasts, although certain species of the Straits of Magellan 
are found to extend to both coasts. These straits are really parts 
of the waterways which break up the western coast line and, in the 
present case at least, no sharp line can be drawn separating their 
faunas. As a matter of convenience the west coast forms have been 
treated in two divisions, simply because there are none of the species 
treated to be found in both of them, and the principal collections to 
the northward were made at a considerable distance beyond the 
dividing line adopted. 

The following species are described as new: 


Idiacanthus retrodorsalis. Notothenia latifrons. 
Agonopsis asperoculis. Notothenia jordan. 
Notothenra longicauda. Symphurus berg. 
Notothenra gilberts. Laemonema multiradiata. 


Under the joint authorship of Gilbert and Thompson the following 
are described: 
Coryphaenoides arvommus. Coelorhynchus patagoniae. 
Nezumia pudens. Coelorhynchus chilensis. 


I. THE EAST COAST. 


List of species collected: 
RAJIDAE. 


1. Psammobatis rudis Giinther. Stations 2768 and 2770. 


ENGRAULIDAE. 


i) 


. Lycengraulis grossidens (Cuvier) Agassiz. Montevideo and Buenos Aires. 
CLUPEIDAE. 


3. Clupea arcuata Jenyns. Montevideo. 
. Brevoortia tyrannus (Latrobe). Montevideo. 
5. Ilisha flavipinnis (Valenciennes). Buenos Aires. 


CHARACIDAE. 


— 


6. Astyanazx rutilus Jenyns. Montevideo. 
7. Acestrorhamphus hepsetus (Cuvier). Buenos Aires. 


ATHERINIDAE. 
8. Menidia bonariensits Cuvier and Valenciennes. Buenos Aires. 
SCIAENIDAE. 


9. Sciaena adusta (Agassiz). Montevideo. 


404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 








CARANGIDAE. 


10. ? Trachinotus goodei Jordan and Evermann. Montevideo. 
11. Perona signata (Jenyns). Montevideo. 


SERRANIDAE. 
12. Dules auriga Cuvier and Valenciennes. Stations 2764, 2765, 2766. 
MULLIDAE. 
13. ? Mullus barbatus Linnaeus. Stations 2765, 2766. 
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE. 
14. Pinguipes fasciatus Jenyns. Station 2768. 
TRIGLIDAE. 
15. Prionotus punctatus (Bloch) Cuvier and Valenciennes. Stations 2765, 2766. 
AGONIDAE. 
16. Agonopsis asperoculis, new species. Station 2766. 
PLEURONECTIDAE. 


17. Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani). Montevideo, Buenos Aires. 
18. Citharichthys microstomus Gill. Stations 2764, 2765, 2766. 

19. Thysanopsetta naresii Ginther. Station 2771. 

20. Achirus jenynsi (Giinther). Buenos Aires. 


SOLEIDAE. 
21. Symphurus bergi, new species. Montevideo. 
ZOARCIDAE. 
22. Platea insignis Steindachner. Station 2764. 
MERLUCCIIDAE. 
23. Merluccius gayi Guichenot. Stations 2766, 2769, 2770, 2771. 


PERCOPHIDAE. 
24. Percophis braziliensis Quoy and Gaimard. Stations 2764, 2765, 2766. 


1. PSAMMOBATIS RUDIS Giinther. 


Two young specimens from station 2770, in 58 fathoms. In the 
youngest the dorsal surface is much rougher than in the other, 20 
cm. in length. In the larger specimen the series of spines on the 
dorsal side of the tail is beginning to show its triple character. ‘The 
tip of the tail is somewhat prolonged into a slender whip. 

A specimen 65 mm. long taken from an egg case with yolk sac 
barely evident shows the tip of the tail still more prolonged to a 
length equal to two-fifths of the remainder of the tail. The total 
length of the tail from the ventral fins to its tip is three-fifths of the 
total length of the specimen. The spines are barely evident, but 
the body is otherwise typical in its general shape. The egg capsule 


no. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 405 





is 37 mm. long and 23 mm. wide without its processes and is similar 
in appearance to that shown by Dollo ' for Raja arctowskii (although 
but half as long). It is from station 2768, in 514 fathoms off the 
Gulf of St. George. 


2. LYCENGRAULIS GROSSIDENS (Cuvier). 


Numerous specimens from Montevideo and two from Buenos Aires, 
Vertebrae 45. The teeth are not strikingly enlarged nor caninelike, 
but resemble those in Agassiz’s plate of the type. 


3. CLUPEA ARCUATA Jenyns. 


Clupea arcuata JENYNS, Voyage Beagle, 1842, p.134. Bahia Blanca.—GunrTHER, 
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 7, 1868, p. 442; and other authors. 
- Seven specimens from Montevideo (market ?), the largest 110 mm. 
in total length. These are in most respects similar to the specimens 
described by Jenyns and by Giinther, but do not correspond to the 
Sardinella arcuata of Evermann and Kendall,’ which has, for instance, 
14 dorsal rays. 

There are teeth on the tongue and on the anterior part of the jaws, 
also along the maxillary edge behind the premaxillaries there are 
fine spinations or teeth; on the palatines there are traces of teeth, 
but none on the vomer. The following measurements and counts 
give the variation in five specimens: 

D. 17 or 18; A. 21 to 23; scutes on ventral edge, 16 to 19 before 
ventrals, 10 or 11 behind; head 4 or 4 in length to base of caudal; 
depth, 3 or 31; eye, 34 to 34 in head; maxillary, 2 to 24; least depth 
of caudal peduncle, 2 or 24; distance dorsal to tip of snout, 13 to 

2 in body length. A single specimen has but 15 anal rays, but no 
other differences are evident, so that it is regarded as the same. 
The ventrals are inserted under or slightly anterior to the dorsal 
and the spines of the scutes are strong. 

It has been difficult to ascertain the genus to which this belongs, 
and pending a revision of the confused clupeid genera it is left ir 
Clupea. 

4. BREVOORTIA TYRANNUS (Latrobe). 
Clupea tyrannus LatTroBE, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 5, 1802, p. 77, pl. 1. 
Chesapeake Bay, U.S. A. 
Clupanodon aureus Aaassiz, (Spix) Pisces Brazil, 1828, p. 52. Brazil. 
? Alosa pectinata JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, 1842, p. 135, pl. 25. Bahia Blanca. 

Five specimens from Montevideo. These show a uniformly deeper 
caudal peduncle than do specimens of Brevoortia tyrannus from 
Woods Hole, the Gulf of Mexico, and Florida. The differences found, 
if corroborated by additional material, would justify division from 


1 Voyage Belgica, pl. 9, fig. 10. 
2Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol.31, 1906, p. 74. 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


the species to the north, and in that case the species in Brazil would 
stand as Brevoortia aureus Agassiz. 





Table of comparative measurements of Brevootia tyrannus. 








‘Woods 
Hole, Flor. 
Locality. Montevideo, Uruguay. Cameron, Louisiana. Massa- ide A 

chu- . 

setts. 
Length to end of middle 

caudal tays?-o-.- cee. mm. .- 142 145 150 125 150 130 120 240 215 

Dept we sss aeeet scenes onee 0. 37 0. 36 0. 36 0. 36 0.38 0. 34 0.34 0. 30 0.36 
IDOTSHILTAyS See tate eee eee 3+16] 3+16} 3+16] 3415] 3+16] 3+18] 3+17] 3+18 3+16 
Pectoralirays io. oee see nae 0.15 0.16 | 0.165 0.16] 0.165 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 
Caudal peduncle depth...... al alt petit aS ae -09 -09 } .085 .10 
Fryeldiamoter=. 22-5. eecee ee - 06 . 06 - 06 - 065 - 06 | -08 - 08 - 06 - 055 


1 Measurements made in hundredths of body length. 


No other differences of form or scaling were found that were as 
definite as those given above. The specimens from Louisiana seemed 
to have about 30 scales between the occiput and the dorsal insertion, 
as compared to 40 in those from other localities. 


5. ILISHA FLAVIPINNIS (Valenciennes). 
Pristigaster flavipinnis VALENCIENNES, D’Orbigny, Voy. Amer. Mér. Poiss., pl. 
10., fig. 2, 1839. Buenos Aires. 


Two examples from Buenos Aires (market?) ‘‘collector Burmeis- 
ter,’ and labeled ‘“‘Hacha,” apparently the local name. 


6. ASTYANAX RUTILUS Jenyns. 


One specimen, 120 mm. long, from Montevideo, a gravid female. 

D. 11; A. 30; scales in lateral line 39; in transverse series 74/64; 
gill rakers 9+10; head 4? in length without caudal; depth 23; eye 3; 
maxillary extending just beyond anterior margin of eye; a single 
tooth in maxillary; dorsal inserted behind ventrals, midway in body 
length; an indefinite vertically elongate humeral spot and a hori- 
zontal stripe of black on middle caudal rays; sides with a silvery 
band. 

7. ACESTRORHAMPHUS HEPSETUS (Cuvier). 

Two specimens, 210 and 225 mm. in total length from Buenos 
Aires, ‘‘collected by Burmeister.’”’ These correspond with Stein- 
dachner’s description and figure.’ 

D.11; A. 29; scales 54 or 57, 43; head 33; depth 3} in length with- 
out caudal; eye 4; snout 33; interorbital space 34 in head. 


8. MENIDIA BONARIENSIS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Six specimens from Buenos Aires are referred to this species, as 
they correspond in all regards to the description given by Cuvier and 
Valenciennes, and to the excellent one by Steindachner.? In the 


1 Die Siisswasserfische des Siidéstlichen Brasilien, 1876, p. 111. 
2 Ichthyologische Notizen, vol. 6, 1867, p, 31. 


no, 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 407 





larger specimens, 265 mm. in total length, the area from between the 
ventral bases to the anus is a bright silvery color, as is the lateral 
stripe. Gill rakers 10+30; vertebrae 50; D. V.,I., 10; A. I. 17; 
scales 60, in transverse between dorsal and anal insertions 15; no 
vomerine teeth, those on jaws in two rows. 


9. SCIAENA (OPHIOSCION) ADUSTA (Agassiz). 


Very numerous specimens of this species from Montevideo cor- 
respond closely to the description and figure given by Agassiz, but 
not to that by Jordan and Eigenmann, in their Review of the 
Sciaenidae.! The latter authors identified with this species specimens 
with the soft dorsal rays numbering 22 and 23, whereas Agassiz dis- 
tinctly gives 28, and our specimens uniformly have D. XI, 28, without 
variation. This mistake is surprising when it is seen that Jenyns ° 
and Giinther * both give this ray formula and the former presents an 
excellent description. Six of the largest specimens at hand give the 
tollowing counts: 

D. XI, 28; A. II, 7 or 8; scales in lateral line, 50-54, in transverse 
series between insertions of dorsal and anal 7/10; longest specimen 
210 mm. in total length. 

It is probable that the species of Jordan and Kigenmann is referable 
to Sciaena gilli (Steindachner). 

10. PTRACHINOTUS GOODEI Jordan and Evermann. 


?Trachinotus goodei JoRDAN and EverMANN, Tish. North and Middle America, 
vol. 1, 1896, p. 9438. Key West. 

Five specimens from Montevideo (market ?) between 16 and 19 em. 
in total length. This is the first record of this species so far south, 
it having been previously regarded as confined to the West Indies. 

Head 34 in body length to base of caudal; depth, 1g; eye 3 in 
head; maxillary 2%; about 100 pores in lateral line; depth caudal 
peduncle, 3 in head; D. VI, I, 19; A. II, I, 17; Gill rakers x +12. 

Tip of premaxillaries at lower level of eye, snout rising in a curve 
having a point on posterior border of eye as center of arc, until above 
nostrils; remaining distance to dorsal weakly convex; maxillary 
reaching to a vertical line from center of eye; lobes of dorsal and 
anal reaching somewhat beyond middle of base of fins when laid back 
against them; caudal lobes equal, 23 in body length to base of caudal; 
scales minute, a patch behind eye, obscure in some specimens; lateral 
line but slightly arched anteriorly. 

Color uniformly silvery, lobes of dorsal and anal black; those of 
caudal dark, as are the pectorals. 

These specimens have been compared with the type of Trachinotus 
goodei, which is but 5 cm. long, and are found to differ principally in 





1 Report U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Tisheries for 1886 (1889), pp. 3898 and 403, 
2Voy. Beagle, p. 42. 
3 Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 11, p. 289. 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


characters due to age. There is also a specimen 11 em. in total 
length in the Stanford University collection, which is intermediate in 
these respects. The fin lobes in the small specimens are shorter and 
the interorbital space much less convex and turgid. Counts and 
measurements correspond, as does the general appearance, but until 
specimens of equal size are compared the identification is considered 
provisional. 
11, PERONA SIGNATA (Jenyns). 
One specimen from Montevideo market. 


12. DULES AURIGA Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


Numerous specimens from stations 2764 and 2765, immediately 
to the south of the Rio de la Plata, in 10 or 11 fathoms. 


13. PMULLUS BARBATUS Linnaeus. 


Mullus barbatus Bera, Enumeracion de Peces Marinos, p. 59. 


Four specimens of a mullet from station 2766 and two from sta- 
tion 2765, just south of the Rio de la Plata, are referred to this spe- 
cies with a great deal of hesitation. The largest specimen is 82 mm. 
in total length, and the smallest 54 mm. Berg! records a specimen 
from the Mar de la Plata as Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, but this 
appears to be the sole preceding record. On the Atlantic coast of 
the United States Jordan and Gilbert have recorded Mullus aura- 
tus, which is not as sharply separated from the European form as is 
desirable. Our specimens are too small to compare with those from 
Europe at our disposal. 

The largest shows the following characters: 

Dorsal rays VII-I, 8; anal rays II, 6; pectoral 2, 14; head 3} in 
length to base of ohudiale depth of bodes $; eye 34 in head; maxil- 
ice extending to below anterior edge of orbit; depth of predebisal 
equal to eye diameter; barbels equal to head without snout, extend- 
ing to center of operculum, not to its edge; teeth very minute in 
lower jaw, absent in upper, present on vomer in coarse, rough patch; 
first dorsal spine longest, equal to head without snout; longest soft 
dorsal ray equal to head behind center of pupil; longest anal ray 
equal to head behind posterior edge of pupil; color entirely faded; 
silvery, save for black blotch on distal edge of membrane of first 
spines and a horizontal pale bar below it; scales all lost, presumably 
33 in lateral series, 24+-7 in transverse series below insertion of 
spinous dorsal. 

The smallest specimen at hand is very nearly the same lene as 
that figured by Fries, Ekstrém, and Sundeval as a young mullet? 
after ae T He reo soils is, however, markedly different, being 





1 Enumeracion de Peces Marinos, p. 59. 
2 A History of Scandinavian Vishes, ed. 2, edited by Smitt, Stockholm, 1893. 
3 Ofvers Vet.-Skad. I"orh., 1852, p. 224, pl. 111, fig. 1. 


i 


no. 21388. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 409 





like that of the adult rather than very low, and the snout is also like 
that of the adult. It is very doubtful indeed whether the specimens 
at hand belong to this species, but our material is too small to allow 
of adequate comparison. 


14. PINGUIPES FASCIATUS Jenyns. 


A single specimen, 120 mm. in total length, from station 2768, off 
the Gulf of San Matias. This is evidently the young of the species 
described by Jenyns, as it varies in those particulars usual to young 
of these groups. The eye is much larger, contained 34 in head, 
instead of 5, the interorbital space half their diameter instead of one 
and one-half times; the maxillary reaches under the anterior third 
of the eye, and the depth is not so great. The two longitudinal bands 
which are but faintly shown in Jenyns’s figure’ are in the present 
specimen the most distinct, and may be traced from the upper third 
and the lower margin of the orbit to the last dorsal rays and the 
caudal spot, respectively. The upper is narrow throughout, about 
two or three scale rows wide, but the lower is nearly twice the width 
of the upper, and ends in the widely ocellated black caudal spot on 
the upper caudal rays. Besides the strong longitudinal stripes there 
are faint transverse bars, seven or eight broad ones alternating with 
much narrower ones. 

Dorsal rays V, 26; anal 25; scales with pores in lateral line 80; 
in series above lateral line 108; depth 5; head 4} in total; 32 in 
body without caudal; eye 34 in head; interorbital space 2 in eye; 
distance from tip of snout to end of maxillary 23 in head. 


15. PRIONOTUS PUNCTATUS (Bloch). 


One from station 2766, off Rio de la Plata, and a number from 
stations 2765, near the same locality. They are certainly the Prio- 
notus punctatus of Cuvier and Valenciennes, by whom the apparently 
unindentifiable drawing of Bloch was referred to this species, and 
that of all subsequent authors. 


16. AGONOPSIS ASPEROCULIS, new species. 
Plate 2, fig. 1. 


Type.—60 mm. in total length, from station 2766, just south of 
the La Plata River, in 10 or 11 fathoms of water; Cat. No. 76851, 
U.S.N.M. 

Head in body length to base of caudal; breadth of head, 5; depth 
at nape, 74; eye, 33 in head; snout, 4; least width of interorbital 
space, 6; D. VI, 7; A., 8; pectoral, 13; caudal, 2-11-2; pores in 
lateral line, 40; branchiostegals, 6. 


1 Voyage of Beagle, pl. 5. 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 50, 





Tail slender, its least depth and width slightly less than two-thirds 
diameter of eye; maxillary ending under anterior edge of pupil, with 
a single terminal barbel less in length than diameter of pupil; lower 
jaw slightly shorter than upper, a series of four very minute and 
nearly invisible barbels along each ramus; no barbels apparent below 
cheeks; a series of very small ones on branchiostegals; gill membranes 
united, joined to isthmus, but forming a very slight fold across it; 
teeth in both jaws in narrow bands, a transverse series on vomer, and 
a short row on each palatine; a row of four or five very distinct small 
spines on upper surface of eyeballs; a small terminal plate on snout, 
its lower edge serrate; two pairs of sharp spines on tip of snout; 
a high and sharp ridge above eye ending posteriorly in a strong spine, 
beginning with a smaller one; four series of spines on dorsal surface 
of head, inner ones of two large spines each, separated by a deep occi- 
pital pit from uppermost series on body; outer series of lower spines 
continuing as second body ridge but interrupted by lateral line at 
angle of gill opening; ridge along suborbital region continued by 
broad-based spines, last of which forms fifth and uppermost of spines 
on edge of preopercle; interorbital space deeply concave. 

Uppermost and lowermost pairs of body ridges uniting 5 scales 
posterior to second dorsal and anal to form a dorsal and ventral 
double ridge on the tail; first ridges with 27 spines as far back as 
their union, with 8 posterior to it; second ridges with 36; third with 
35; fourth with 30 to their union and 9 beyond; latter ridges with 
slightly smaller spines, especially on breast, where there is a median 
series of 5 small ones. 

First dorsal inserted opposite seventh scale of first ridge; space 
between dorsals equal to 5 scales of first ridge; anal 2 scales in 
advance of insertion of second dorsal; ventrals extending well 
beyond vent, 74 in body; pectorals reaching to below tenth scale 
of first ridge, caudal 14 in head. 

Color pattern indistinct, apparently four or five transverse irreg- 
ular bands on body, first below first dorsal, second across firsi rays 
of second dorsal; third across last rays of same; fourth behind 
junction of first and fourth pairs of ridges; pectorals distally dark, 
tipped narrowly with white; caudal similar, both with incomplete 
cross stripes of dark at base; dorsals and anal with traces of narrow 
dark stripes. 

(Asperoculis, rough eye). 

This is apparently the first record of Agonopsis from the east coast 
of South America, and’ is the second species to be described in the 
genus. The other species is found on the western coast of South 
America, and perhaps in Patagonia. The present species differs 
from Jenyns’s description and figure of the type of Aspidophorus 


re 


no. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 411 





chiloénsis 1 in the much more slender tail; the wider spacing of the 
dorsals, which are five instead of two scales apart; the presence of a 
series of small spines on the upper surface of the eyeball; the slightly 
larger eye; the very much smaller barbels on the lower jaw; and the 
position of the vent nearly opposite mid-length of the ventrals 


17. PARALICHTHYS BRASILIENSIS (Ranzani). 


Numerous specimens, the largest 25 cm. in total length, from 
Montevideo, and one from Buenos Aires. The latter is labeled 
“tapa cielo or chelo.”’ ‘This name is given to Symphurus plagusia by 
Berg (Hnumeradcion de los Peces). 

This species is very close to Paralichthys adspersus of the western 
coast of South America, and as a large series of both is available, a 
detailed comparison has been made. The most easily noticed differ- 
ences are the more advanced position of the lower eye in P. brasiliensis, 
the position of the posterior nostril of the blind side below the first 
dorsal ray rather than in front of it, and the brevity of the flap in 
the anterior nostrils. In the measurements and counts the following 
differences may be noticed: The scales in the lateral line average 12 
more in P. adspersus; the head is very slightly longer, the depth 
slightly greater, the snout (measured from the lower eye) longer, 
and the gill rakers somewhat shorter. By reference to the descrip- 
tion of P.adspersus (see west coast species, p. 468) the measurements 
given in hundredths of body lengths may be compared with the 
following of six specimens of P. brasiliensis: 

Dorsal rays 68 to 75; anal 53 to 57; pores in lateral line 95 to 100; 
39 to 34 
3440.38 
part of body); head 0.27 to 0.29; depth 0.41 to 0.46; eve 0.04 to 
0.05; interorbital space 0.02; snout 0.05 to 0.06 (from lower eye); 
mandible 0.15 to 0.17; maxillary length 0.12 to 0.13; pectoral length 
on eye side 0.11 to 0.13; on blind 0.10 to 0.12; depth of caudal 
peduncle 0.11 to 0.125; gillrakers 4 or 5+15 or 16; their length 0.025; 
vertebrae 11+ 23 =34. 


scales in transverse series (counting oblique series at deepest 


Table of comparative measurements of Paralichthys adspersus and P. brasiliensis. 





P. adspersus. 





Locality. 








Dad ae eee Tome and Lota, Chile. 
BOG VION Eth. <j cs.0.<0<15 ois 5002.50 mm. . 210 205 200 97 97 90 89 79 
Worsalirays. 22626 -2h.c oe Het a 72 71 72 69 72 73 70 73 
PATA UTEA VS mise Cais jovi aisrete ats. ctae encore aferata's 57 54 55 56 57 57 56 57 
Scales in lateral line...........-.-.--- 106 110 110 104 119 112 110 113 
Scales transverse... 2-.....-.--+-2-- $f 24.2 BO--O0! We.012 sagecle rs aeaec 39+-50 | 39+-50 | 40+47 | 43452 |...-.... 
EVGA Gia ee 22 She tA Ek ARENA 0.32 0.31 0.30 |} 0.30 0.30 0. 29 0. 30 0. 30 
DADE Nee ease assess cisco neiicanemed . 48 -46 44 -52 49 47 48 -48 
IBV Ones eo ered oc2 5 kajioe acces -05 05 -05 - 06 ~ 055 - 06 ~05 ~ 06 
Snout from lower eye. ..........----- sO \cseeseeeleee cence - 065 -07 .07 . 065 07 
INV et tee etna \cte he Sis cree win eiaciada ane 15 14 14 13 13 . 125 .13 13 








1Voyage Beagle, p. 30, 1842. 2 Measurements in hundredths of lengths to base of caudal, 


412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 50. 





Table of comparative measurements of Paralichthys adspersus and P. brasiliensis—Con. 





P. brasiliensis. 








Locality. 
Montevideo, Uruguay. 
Body length: -....< -.; c.222-\- Aes ee es eee eee mm.. 210 175 149 126 190 
DOPSAMTAYS 25a see - wien Soe eee eres Seta oae Soe e ee see 75 75 73 72 68 
PACTIAIT ENV S-2et 3 e cye sa ee meee Me aro Rera et aoe el ee ers 57 57 55 55 53 
Sealesin lateralline. S3s352%< Eee so Soe a ae ee eee 95 96 97 95 96 
Scales transverse. * 2.5 soc sgaeses & ac oe gern amo Semin neers = | MO2 TOSI SOs Sup oSstno4dall sae en See 
CRSP. hse Seg atest teleelan ic sekeeee = Sao 0.27 0. 28 0. 28 0. 28 0. 29 
Dept n eres eee aes eae Mee mean He ee egy sk EE mie 48) sonal 245 . 46 42 
EVO Nes SIS A SEAR ee SU UWI RR dee Sens el FA A OeRS os - OF - 05 . 055 -05 - 05 
Snoubiromilowerey ei o4<.sscee seeeiccrere oe enero eee eeeeee ee 05 06 - 06 06 . 06 
(Misa rig oe 2a ct BR eh 6 eee) OS ao) Sa: A epee eee -12 . 135 .13 13 . 185 


1 Measurements in hundredths of lengths to base of caudal. 


18. CITEARICHTHYS MICROSTOMUS Gill. 


Citharichthys microstomus Giiu, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 223. Beese- 
ley’s Point, New Jersey. 

Numerous specimens, not exceeding 135 mm. in total length, from 
stations 2764, 2765, and 2766, in 104 to 114 fathoms, off Punta Sur, 
near the Rio de la Plata. These agree with the description given by 
Gill of a specimen from Beeseley’s Point, New Jersey, United States, 
and the description given by Jordan and Goss.t_ In the Proceedings 
of the United States National Museum, volume 7, 1884, page 540, 
Dresel gives a table of measurements in hundredths of the body length 
of a specimen (Cat. No. 36081, U.S.N.M.) from Long Island, New 
York, with which our specimens agree very closely. Although these 
have not actually been compared with northern specimens, there does 
not seem to be much doubt of the identification. It is a new record 
for South America. The measurements given below in parentheses 
give hundredths of body length to base of caudal in six specimens. 

Head 44 (0.22 to 0.24) in length of base of caudal; depth 2! (0.44 
to 0.47); eye 32 in head (0.06 to 0.065); maxillary 4 (0.055 to 0.06); 
mandible 25 (0.08 to 0.09); length of pectoral of eyed side 34 in body 
length to base of caudal (0.30), of blind side 84; dorsal rays 75 to 79; 


anal 57 to 64; scales in lateral line 43 to 45, in transverse series 
10 or 11 . 


ori; gill rakers 3+7; vertebrae 9+25=34. 

Interorbital ridge very narrow and sharp; maxillary short, not 
reaching pupil; teeth of eyed side in anterior half of jaws only, in a 
single series in both jaws; those of blind side close-set, small; cirri on 
subopercle of blind side long, not very numerous; pectoral, with the 
upper ray filiform and much elongated on the eyed side, longer than 
head (but frequently broken); no spine on snout; lower eye very 
slightly in advance of upper; scales cycloid, seven vertical rows 
present on cheek on blind side, those on head on eyed side smaller 





1 A review of the Flounders and Soles (Pleuronectidae) of America and Europe, Report of the Commis- 
"7 


sioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1886, (1889) p. 277. 





no. 2183. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 413 


than those on body or on blind side of head; snout and jaws scaleless; 

color in alcohol light brown, scales outlined with pigment; four indis- 

tinct blotches. of darker color along lateral line and many others 

dispersed over body; fins with irregular markings of darker brown. 
19. THYSANOPSETTA NARESII Giinther. 


One specimen from station 2771, north of Cape Virgins, which was 
the type locality. It was taken in 55 fathoms, while the type was 
taken in 51. It seems that this species has not been found since the 
voyage of the Challenger, save by Lonnberg.'. The description given 
by Ginther is not given in much detail, but there is no doubt as to 
the identity of our specimen. The illustration given in the ‘‘Shore- 
fishes”’ of the Challenger shows the eyes dextral, whereas the text 
states them to be sinistral, as is true of our specimen. 

Head 44 in body length to base of caudal; depth 24 in same; snout 

t in head; eye (upper) 33; maxillary 22; mandible 1%; interorbital 
space 2? in upper eye; pectoral of eyed side 2 in head; depth of caudal 
peduncle 2 in head; dorsal rays 82; anal 59; pectoral of eyed side 9; 
scales in lateral line 70; in transverse series 22/25; gill rakers 10+ 25, 
their length two-thirds longitudinal diameter of eye. 

Body oblong, median contours nearly parallel and with but slight 
convexity ; upper border of upper eye nearly in dorsal outline of head; 
bony ridge of interorbital narrow and sharp, covered by a flat scaled 
area nearly as wide as pupil; eyes oblong, their vertical diameter 
two-thirds their longitudinal, the upper eye markedly in advance of 
of the lower; jaws equal, the upper with a sharp notch at tip, into 
which fits a knob from the lower; subopercle of eyed side with coarse 
cirri; gill rakers long and delicate; teeth in jaws fine, set in four irreg- 
ular rows anteriorly in both jaws, thinning out to two posteriorly on 
both eyed and blind sides equally. 

Dorsal fin beginning opposite anterior border of upper eye, first ray 
somewhat thickened and a trifle longer than second; pectorals of eyed 
and blind side nearly equal in length; ventral of eyed side normal, that, 
of blind side so reflected that first and last rays are superimposed, 
with a troughlike fin between (a fleshy lobe extending from an 
enlarged and modified vent obliquely backward across bases of first 
anal rays due to preservation ?). 

Scales strongly ctenoid, absent on fins, snout, jaw, and inter- 
opercle. 

Color, uniform rather dark brown. 

20. ACHIRUS JENYNSI (Giinther). 
Achirus lineatus D’ ORBIGNY. 

Five specimens from Buenos Aires, showing the following variations. 

The longest is 127 mm. in total length. The measurements in paren- 





1 Magalhaenische Sammelreise, 1907, p. 14, 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





theses are given in terms of hundredths of the body length, without 
caudal: 

Dorsal rays 58 to 65; anal rays 38 to 45; scales in lateral line 80 
(in one case 86); head 31 (0.31 to 0.32) in body length to base of caudal; 
depth 14. (0.64 to 0.69) in same. 

The scales are rough, more so on the eyed than on the blind side; 
the cross lines are narrow, yet distinct and about 11 in number; there 
is a row of threadlike tentacles along the snout and lower side of 
the head, the two on the tip of the snout being longest. 


21. SYMPHURUS BERGI, new species. 


Plate 2, fig. 2. 
? Symphurus plagusia BERG, part. 


Numerous specimens from Montevideo, longest reaching a total 
length of 195mm. The type is Cat. No. 76852, U.S.N.M., and is 186 
mm. in total length. Paratypes are in the United States National 
Museum and in the Stanford University collections. 

The species of Symphurus are poorly known and as a rule inade- 
quately described, and much doubt exists as to their distribution. 
The species of the eastern coast of South America are known through 
the descriptions of Symphurus tessellatus (Quoy and Gaimard) from 
Rio de Janeiro, and Symphurus brasiliensis (Agassiz) from an un- 
known locality. Recently Evermann and Kendall have described 
Symphurus jenynsi. The characters given by Quoy and Gaimard and 
by Agassiz are those of the northern S. plagusia (Bloch and Schneider), 
Jordan and Goss. The latter regarded S. plagusia as identical with 
forms from Rio de Janeiro. The present form apparently differs 
from all of these. 

Described from the type, 185 mm. in total length. 

Head 553; in length to base of caudal; greatest depth of body 34; 
postocular length of bead 8}; long diameter of lower orbit 9 in head; 
length of caudal rays 24; middle dorsal rays 24; ventral 3}, maxillary 

1. dorsal rays 109; anal 91; caudal 10; scales in longitudinal series 
from upper angle of opercle 105; in transverse series upward and 
backward from near anal insertion 51; vertebrae 9+ 48 =57. 

Distance from posterior margin of lower eye to vertical from ante- 
rior margin of upper eye contained twice in snout; cornea of eye 
without indications of flap; lower eye extending forward only as far 
as anterior third of upper eye; maxillary ending under posterior half 
of lower eye; lower jaw not markedly wider than upper, much 
shorter than snout; teeth lacking in eyed side of lower jaw; upper 
jaw with a series of four or five present anteriorly on the eyed side, 
those on blind side in a series of four or five rows; teeth on blind side 
of lower jaw forming a prominent oval patch; nostrils of eyed side 
with tubules of moderate length; anterior nostril of blind side tubu- 


No. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 415 





lar, posterior nostril without fringes, situated slightly behind angle 
of mouth; first gill arch attached below angle of second; gill rakers 
barely distinguishable; flaps of gill opening extending but slightly 
beyond opercular edge. 

Dorsal height not great, longest rays at center of fin; caudal rays 
but shghtly longer than longest of dorsal. 

Color of type, uniform brown; vertical fins becoming darker poste- 
riorly, margined diffusely with white. In a paratype there are some- 
what indistinct dark cross bars, 12 in number on body, separated by 
one and one-half times their own width. 

The characters distinguishing Symphurus berg: from S. plagusia are 
the greater number of dorsal and anal rays, the more numerous scales 
in both transverse and longitudinal series, the fewer caudal rays, the 
slightly lesser depth, the stronger teeth in jaws, and the fact that the 
distance between the anterior edge of the upper orbit and the poste- 
rior edge of the lower is contained twice in the length of the snout. 
In the fin formula S. brasiliensis and S. tessellatus correspond to 8S. 
plagusia, and in the former the caudal rays are distinctly said to be 12. 

In comparing the specimens at hand with the description of 
Symphurus jenynsi, Evermann and Kendall! from the same locality, 
the following differences are found: The head is not 6.66 in length 
without caudal, but 5.9 to 6.25 (using the variation found in 15 
specimens); the eye is 8 or 9 in head instead of 13; only in a single 
case does the number of dorsal rays fall as low as 109, none being 108; 
the scales in longitudinal series vary from 100 to 114, and in no case 
reach 120; there are, distinctly, teeth on the eyed side of the upper 
jaw, which is stated by Evermann and Kendall to be without teeth; 
the eyes are far from being ‘‘on the same line,’ the lower beginning 
below the end of the anterior third of the upper, instead of ‘‘slightly 
advanced;” and, finally, there are not 12 but 10 caudal rays. The 
differences are obviously great, although the general appearances are 
similar. 

Table of counts and measurements in hundredths of length to base of caudal of Symphurus 
bergi and related species. 











Num- . 
Postorbital = 
ee of! Head. Depth. | length of | LO¥eT| Dorsal. 
peci- Head orbit. 
mens. : 
SUE Oia eee ree saree sn amee tae cece 12 0.175 0. 29 0. 12 0. 02 110 
(16>, 191) G27=cslyil Gldes13)) |eaeecse (409-112) 
S. plagusia, JaMaica...... Ji... essseecee 4 19 32 13 - 023 92 
(. 30-. 33) | (,125-, 13) |.....-.. (90-95) 
Selongatus,, Panama: ::.. 5s. cce0s~s05s0 1 .19 . 24 -145 015 104 
S. atricauda, Lower California. ........-- 2 ak . 29 15 03 97 
WAILCE DED ADIAING 2 0) oPoicia ists o erciefata'nrw aie wince a= 2 25 + 26 18 +03 98 
(97-100) 
SajasciolarTus; Pacific: 00.2.0. accce sees 1 20 30 12 03 
S. atrimentatus, Gulf of California......-- 1 . 20 . 30 ~ 135 . 03 94 
S. williamsi, southern California. .......- a sal 29 14 03 98 








1 Proc, U, 8, Nat. Mus., vol. 31, 1906, p. 108, 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOu. 50. 





Table of counts and measurements, etc.—Continued. 








Num- Seales in | Scales in 
ber of era longitu- | transverse | Caudal] Length of 
speci- Tens dinal se- series. rays. dorsal 
mens. ries. rays. 
MS OBTO ls miaaciem gaits Sears cer ee eee aeion 12 94 108 50 10 0. 55 
(91-96) | (100-114) (Gia5l)ie eee (. 05-. 06) 
See DUAGUSIC. JAMAICA. Jnana eee einine 4 W9 95 45 12 - 065 
(77-83) (93-95) (44-45) |. 2.2.22. (. 06-. 07) 
DS. CLONGUTUS, Panama... 2 meses nine a 1 86 98 43 12 - 06 
S. atricauda, lower California.......----- 2 79 95 47 12 07 
Op leed, Panama. . Js nese sisters see see se 2 82 84 37 12 -09 
(81-84) 
Ssfasciolarus, Paciher. 5.) seeneceee cinel$ 1 77 95 (2?) 12 (?) 
S. atrimentatus, Gulf of California. ...-... 1 80 95 42 12 - 09 
S. williamsi, southern California. .......- | 1 81 110 50 12 - 09 





The above table will serve to distinguish the species to some extent, 
but some additional characters, taken from specimens in the Stanford 
University collections, are given below, in order to more closely define 
the various species: 

i. SYMPHURUS LEEI Jordan and Bollman. 

Albatross station 2804, Panama (type). Teeth on the eyed side of 
both jaws, in a single row anteriorly, extending more posteriorly m 
the lower jaw; those on the blind side of both jaws in a broad band; 
gill rakers well developed, 6 or 7, short, soft, and thick; a series of 
short transparent cilia on the lower edge of the gill opening on the 
blind side; a short triangular lappet of the black coat of the eye pro- 
jecting from the interorbital side into the corneal space; lower jaw 
wide, nearly as wide as length of snout. 

2. SYMPHURUS ELONGATUS (Giinther). | 

Panama. Teeth as in S. leei; gill rakers somewhat smaller, but 
present; no modification of the cornea. 
3. SYMPHURUS ATRICAUDUS (Jordan and Gilbert). 

Lower California, Albatross station 2830. Teeth as in S. leei; 
gill rakers small; a very large flap of tissue running down to center 
of pupil, black with narrow white edges. No cirri on edge of gill open- 
ings. 

4. SYMPHURUS PLAGUSIA (Bloch and Schneider) Jordan and Goss. 

Jamaica. On eyed side teeth are absent in lower jaw; present in 
small numbers (4 or 5 anteriorly) in the upper; broad bands on the 
blind side; no cirri on edge of gill opening; gill rakers absent; no 
corneal modification. 

5. SYMPHURUS FASCIOLARIS Gilbert. 

Type.—Albatross station 3022-3027, Pacific. Teeth as in S. 
plagusia; no corneal modification; no cirri on edge of gill opening; gill 
rakers unknown. 

6. SYMPHURUS ATRIMENTATUS Jordan and Bollman. 

Albatross station 3011, Gulf of California. Teeth in both jaws on 
eyed side; corneal flap well developed, as in S. atricaudus; gill rakers 
distinct; no cirri on edge of gill opening. 


no. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. Anle( 





7. SYMPHURUS WILLIAMSI Jordan and Culver. 

Albatross station 2926, Southern California. Teeth in both jaws on 
eyed side; corneal flap well developed; gill rakers comparatively 
large; no cilia on opercle of blind side; lower jaw not unusually wide. 

The remarkable corneal modification mentioned above is present in 
S. leei, atricaudus, williamsi, and atrimentatus, but not as markedly so 
in the first mentioned. Similar formations are present in other genera 
of the Pleuronectidae, Triglidae, many of the sharks, and a great 
many bottom dwellers. What its significance may be is problematical. 
but it is apparently present or absent in closely related species and 
bears no obvious relation to other characteristics, even the depth 
inhabited. The presence of teeth on the eyed side of the lower jaw 
seems correlated with a greater development of the gill rakers, but 
this is not striking enough to warrant a generic or subgeneric division. 


22, PLATEA INSIGNIS Steindachner. 


A single specimen 14 cm. long from station 2764. This is a much 
smaller specimen than Steindachner’s type, yet it corresponds closely 
to the description given by him.’ The ventrals are, however, con- 
tained but thrice in the head, the gape of the mouth reaches only to 
the center of the eye, and the dorsal and anal fin counts are 110 and 
100, respectively. 

23. MERLUCCIUS GAYI Guichenot. 

Numerous specimens from stations 2766, 2769, and 2771, between 
Rio de la Plata and Cape Virgins. This little-known species differs 
from the European hake, Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus) in the 
longer pectoral, 5 in length without caudal, the more numerous 
gill rakers (3+12, instead of 3+7), and the weaker teeth. From 
M. productus (Ayres) of the California coast it seems to differ in the 
longer ventrals, which are nearly as long as the pectorals, the fewer 
scales, and the stronger dentition. 


24. PERCOPHIS BRAZILIENSIS Quoy and Gaimard. 


A number of specimens from Albatross stations 2764, 2765, and 
2766, off Cape San Antonio, just to the south of the Rio de la Plata. 
The largest is 278 mm in total length, the smallest 40. There is 
remarkably little variation among them, even with age. They corre- 
spond well with the brief type description of Quoy and Gaimard and 
that of Jenyns (Voyage of the Beagle). 

D. IX, 31 or 32; A. 40 or 41; scales in lateral line 112 to 114, in 
transverse series between insertions of anal and of first dorsal 9 or 
10/19 to 22; number of vertical series between end of maxillary and 
preopercular margin 24; between preopercular and opercular margins 
16; head 33 in length to base of caudal; depth 12?; eye 52 in head; 





1 Fauna Chilensis, p. 323, pl. 20, figs. 12-12B. 
10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——27 


418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





maxillary 22; mandible 2; interorbital space 10; height of first 
dorsal 21; of second 22; length of pectoral 1,3, nm head; of ventral 24. 

Anterior nostril with a short posteriorly directed tube, the posterior 
opening large and oval; maxillary terminating under center of eye, 
edged with minute conical teeth; premaxillaries with five enlarged 
posteriorly directed canines and broad bands of minute teeth; canines 
frequently lost, the third on each side in all specimens at hand loosely 
and flexibly attached. 

Dorsals varying in height, the first being from 24 to 23 in head; the 
second elevated anteriorly, the first ray longest, nearly equal to 
length of second ray of first dorsal, sixth ray being two-thirds length 
of first and but slightly longer than twenty-eighth; membranes of 
shorter rays incised nearly to base. 

Jaws sparsely scaled along edges, the scales on cheeks much 
smaller than shown in illustration of type.t 

Color of adults in aleohol brown above and silvery below; scales 
above each marked by a small basal spot of darker color; a diffuse 
faintly dusky spot as large as eye on opercle; upper pectoral rays 
strongly pigmented, as is membrane of first dorsal; second dorsal 
with alternate light and dark on rays, forming longitudinal bars on 
fin. Young of 160 mm. total length with 10 or 11 transverse whitish 
bars, each four scales wide, extending from mid-dorsal line to lateral 
line. In very young, 40 mm., these are much more numerous, tending 
to fuse, and the fins are colorless. 


Il. WEST COAST, SOUTH OF 46° 45’ SOUTH LATITUDE, 
INCLUDING THE STRAITS OF MAGELLAN. 


List of species other than those of the genus Notothenia: 
MYXINIDAE. 
1. Myzine australis Jenyns. Port Churruca, Borja Bay, and Sandy Point. 
SCYLLIORHINIDAE. 
2. Catulus canescens (Giinther). Stations 2780, 2783, and 2784. 
SQUALIDAE. 


3. Squalus fernandinus Molina. Gregory Bay. 
4, Etmopterus granulosus (Giinther). Station 2781. 


RAJIDAE. 


5. Raja magellanica Steindachner. Station 2774. 
6. Psammobatis rudis Giinther. Station 2778. 


GALAXIIDAE. . 


. Galaxias ntaculatus (Jenyns). Mayne Harbor. 
8. Galaxias attenuatus (Jenyns Port Otway. 


1 Voyage @’ Uranie, p. 351, pl. 53. 


no. 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 419 





HAPLOCHITONIDAE. 


9. Haplochiton zebra Jenyns. Mayne Harbor, Latitude Cove, and Port Otway. 
10. Haplochiton taeniatus Jenyns. Island Harbor. 


SYNGNATHIDAE. 
11. Syngnathus blainvillianuws Eydoux and Gervais. Mayne Harbor and Port Otway. 
ATHERINIDAE. 
12. Menidiaalburnus (Giinther). Laredo Bay, Gregory Bay, and Sandy Point. 
BOVICHTHYIDAE, 
13. Pseudaphritis gobio (Gitinther). Borja Bay and Otter Bay. 
NOTOTHENTIDAE. 


14. Harpagifer bispinis (Forster). Sandy Point, Laredo Bay, and station 2775. 
15. Eleginops maclovina (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Sandy Point. (See genus 
Notothenia.) 
RUVETTIDAE. 


16. Thyrsites atun (Euphrasen). Port Otway. 
PLEURONECTIDAE. 
17. Hippoglossina macrops Steindachner. Station 2787. 


GOBIESOCIDAE. 


18. Gobiesox marmoratus Jenyns. Port Otway. 


GADIDAE. 


19. Salilota australis (Giinther). Sandy Point and Otter Bay. 
20. Lotella marginata Giinther. Station 2783. 


MACROURIDAE. 


21. Coelorhynchus fasciatus Giinther. Stations 2783, and 2784. (See Section III, 
after No. 21.) 

22. Coelorhynchus patagoniae Gilbert and Thompson, new species. Station 2784. 
(See Section III, after No. 22.) 


1. MYXINE AUSTRALIS Jenyns. 


Muaernoblenna olivacea LactrkpeE, Poissons, vol. 5, 1803, p. 652. 
Myzxine australis JeNyNs, Voy. Beagle, 1842, p. 159. 

Three specimens, from Port Churruca, Borja Bay, and Sandy 
Point. 

The depth is contained nineteen times in the total length; there 
are 97 pores between the head and anus (32 to the pectoral), and 12 
from the anus to the tip of the caudal; the dorsal fold is continued 
nearly halfway toward the head. The first two teeth of the upper 
series are confluent, and there are 11 in all in that series. 


420 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 59. 





2. CATULUS CANESCENS (Giinther). 


Two specimens, from Albatross stations 2783 and 2784, in 122 and 
194 fathoms, respectively, the first between Hanover Island and the 
mainland, the second between Wellington Island and the mainland. 
The largest is 46 cm. in total length. The teeth each have a large 
cusp and four smaller ones, contrasting with the tricuspid teeth of 
C. stellaris, the generic type. 

Four el specimens are from station 2780, in the western en- 
trance of the Straits of Magellan, in 369 fathoms. 


3. SQUALUS FERNANDINUS Molina. 


Three male specimens from Gregory Bay, Straits of Megellan, 
are but slightly different from a specimen of Squalus sucklia from 
San Diego. The former are 63 to 68 cm. in total length, the latter 
is a female, 69 cm. Regan, in Sharks of the Family Squalidae,} 
gives the main difference as the extension of the pectoral fin, when 
laid back, to the middle of the first dorsal in S. fernandinus. 'This 
difference, however, does not hold well, for our largest specimen of 
S. fernandinus agrees in this with our specimen of S. suckliz, although 
the pectoral, nevertheless, uniformly is very slightly shorter in S. 
fernandinus. ‘This species has also very indistinct white body spots 
that are lacking in our adult specimen of S. sucklizi, and a generally 
lighter color, with somewhat shorter caudal. In the following table 
the measurements are given in hundredths of the total length. The 


method of preservation of the specimens was apparently not the same, 
which should be considered: 











: Squalus 
Squalus fernandinus. SCREL 
Tseng thin: COntiMetersssc > suc nce ce ccivcinie'= 2 hee te cece naee rs eee 63 67 68 69 
Mengthofisccoudidorsal’. 530055: se ces sone nse cena omcece toes 0.055 0.05 0.055 0. te 
Wength of pectoral 2h 2.2.2 ces cons sano cee eee Sonate meereeees .14 .14 .13 
Weneth of wpper:caudalle lobe rake meee rise eee ori eereniet- = cise . 195 .19 185 "213 


4. ETMOPTERUS GRANULOSUS (Giinther). 


A small specimen 11 cm. in length, from Albatross station 2781, in 
348 fathoms. It is very much smaller than that described by 
Giinther and shows the following differences: Distance from tip of 
snout to front of upper jaw equaling width of mouth; length of eye 
as great as distance measured obliquely from the center of the square 
snout to the anterior edge of the eye; spine of first dorsal two-thirds 
the length of that of the second; ‘‘granules’’ present as distinct and 
strong spinules, arranged in a band passing from each angle of the 
snout back along the upper portion of the flanks below the first 
dorsal, four or five series wide, another commencing in an indefinite 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 2, July, 1908. 


NO. 2138. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 421 





way below the second dorsal and extending along the sides of the tail; 
belly with smaller, blunter spinules in a band from the chin to the 
ventrals, widening behind; teeth tricuspid. 


5. RAJA MAGELLANICA Sieindachner. 


One specimen from station 2774, in 17 fathoms, near the eastern 
entrance of the Straits of Magellan. The measurements do not 
exactly correspond to those given by Steindachner, but the color and 
spimation are so similar as to leave but little doubt of the correctness 
of this identification. The interorbital space is one and one-fifth 
times the longitudinal diameter of the orbit. 


6. PSAMMOBATIS RUDIS Giinther. 


One young specimen from station 2778, in 61 fathoms, near the 
Second Narrows in the Straits of Magellan. 


7. GALAXIAS MACULATUS (Jenyns). 


Nine specimens from Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, the measurements 
of which are given under Galazias attenuaius. They are all strongly 
colored and differ much in this respect from (. alpinus. Two speci- 
mens from the same locality differ in having a much longer head and 
maxillary, the larger having the head 0.29 and the maxillary 0.11 
of body length, the smaller having the same 0.28 and 0.10, 
respectively. These may be contrasted with the measurements 
given for G. maculatus (under G. attenuatus). The pectorals and 
ventrals are as long as the longest of those of the other specimens, 
but no other striking differences may be seen. The color is in larger, 
less broken spots, but presents no greater variation from the others 
than is found within the range of the latter. Without more speci- 
mens they can not be regarded as a distinct species. 


8 GALAXIAS ATTENUATUS (Jenyns). 


Very numerous specimens from Port Otway, Patagonia. The 
variation among them is very large and certain of them are inter- 
mediate in some respects between this species and G. maculatus. 
One of the principal differences is the length of the head, which is 
much greater in the latter. In the following table the differences 
are shown by giving the number of individuals having each head 
length, this being measured in hundredths of total length to base 
of caudal: 





Head length............ | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.18 





G. atienuatus . ..cececes 
GQ MALULGTUS. 3. cic wce ccs 





422 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





The comparison of maxillary length is as follows: 


Length of maxillary...........- 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.055 | 0.06 | 0.065 | 0.07 | 0.075 | 0.08 | 0.085 | 0.09 


GROenuUatus cosets ence 3 25 8 a | a ee eet crete S| eee ce eee ta eS ae ae | 
GAmMnaculatUs 52 See ieceee ness eee oe le aeneee tise aoe pewecer |easieees 3 0 4 0 2 


The range of other measurements are here appended for compar- 
ison with other species. 





























Distance snout to ventrals.................---- 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.55 | 0.56 
Gea enUAtus cae cece eo oeeeetecee desc eee 7 16 6 5 2 il eicjeetacts| See oe es | eee 
GC. MaACUlatuUs -.6 cos Saco sacs eRe ane Hee Se cle el oe wleiate ore oeetele | isieioslerete 3 1 3 1 1 
Wength of pectoral. cec-ee -cas-2 seen c 0.08 |} 0.09 0.10 | O:1E | O12 |) O48) )10.14.-)90.15" s0H6 
GRO ENUMLUS 2 aarosic een anda eae eis at 2 6 16 - 11 Qe Sc cals cece ee] ese eetae eee 
GINO CULALUS as ae eels aaa at nsioistac | aise eieteis | ses ae eeteretsiee |i aaa 2 1 2 0 i 
ength ofventralSac ee saaoe braces sisicetisisiciats J eeldeiseineaeies 0.08 | 0.09 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.13 
GER ETUOLUS EES Mle e nyt nce eanis De eee aiaies ele tsietlajala aie islaiieie eisteiels 14 23 D) ls, ocararatStl fe ofora’arte |e etettere 
GEIMACULILUS Boren oa ee ieee re eae aie oe devin oleate Semtemine nisi oatsrae ate | wielaleteete 3 3 2 1 


Despite the distinctness of the two species, the most sharply defining 
difference is that of color, for all the above measurements are found 
to overlap on the examination of larger series. Taking the extremes 
of a hundred specimens of (7. attenuatus, the longest head lengths are 
found to exceed the shortest head lengths of G. maculatus. The 
latter, however, has a more regular and more clearly defined color 
pattern, with larger spots, so that, with the exception of a few inter- 
mediate individuals, the two may be easily distinguished. Regan 1 
used the position of the ventrals to differentiate these forms. (See 
third table above.) It is apparent that these plainly distinct species 
are yet not distinctly separated by any one character. The other 
species of the genus have not been examined, but it is evident that 
caution is necessary in dealing with them, in view of the wide 
variation. 

9, HAPLOCHITON ZEBRA Jenyns. 

Numerous specimens from Mayne Harbor, Latitude Cove, and 

Port Otway, Patagonia. 


10. HAPLOCHITON TAENIATUS Jenyns. 


A single large specimen of this species from Island Harbor, Pata- 
gonia, 180 mm. in total length, presents the following differences 
from Haplochiton zebra: Depth less, 64 in body length to base of 
caudal; eye very much smaller, 6} in head; depth of caudal peduncle 





1 Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1905, vol. 2, April 5, 1906. 


i 


NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 493 





44 in head (3 to 34 in H. zebra); maxillary longer, extending to below 
posterior third of eye, 24 in head; pectorals and ventrals very short, 
24 in head, and vertical fins low. The head is long and conical, with 
a sharper snout, the depth at the occiput equal to its width and less 
than the postorbital length of head (greater in H. zebra). The teeth 
are longer and more prominent. Haplochiton zebra has the physiog- 
nomy of a trout (Salmo), while H. taeniatus has much the trim look of 
a slender Atherinoid or Scombroid fish, which may argue a difference 
in habit. The silvery stripe mentioned by Jenyns is very evident, 
but there is little else which conclusively proves our adult to be the 
same as his very young form save the lesser depth. The fin counts 
are the same. 
11. SYNGNATHUS BLAINVILLIANUS Eydoux and Gervais. 


A single well-preserved example from Mayne Harbor, and another 
in bad condition from Port Otway, Patagonia. 

Body rings 19; tail 50; dorsal rays 34; anal 3; caudal 10; pec- 
toral 13; body with many very small dark rings surrounding minute 
specks of brown lighter than body color, these not on dorsal or 
ventral edge of body, not on head, tail, or fins. 

12, MENIDIA ALBURNUS (Giinther). 


Numerous specimens of this little-known form from the Straits of 
Magellan, at Laredo Bay, Gregory Bay, and Sandy Point. 

Head, 44 (0.21) in length to base of caudal; depth, 54 to 64 (0.15 
to 0.18); eye, 5 in head (0.035 to 0.045 in body); snout, 3 in head; 
interorbital space, 34; length of pectoral, 14 in head; of ventral, 24; 
distance from snout to insertion of first dorsal less than half body 
length without caudal; distance between dorsal insertions shghtly 
less than length of head; dorsal rays VIJ-I, 12 or 13; anal rays I, 
16 or 17; scales in longitudinal series, 98 to 105; in transverse series 
between dorsal insertions, 21 or 22; gill rakers, 4+ 15. 

Premaxillaries protractile, lower jaw very slightly shorter than 
upper; no teeth on vomer or palatines; first dorsal inserted over 
ventral base; second dorsal base terminating anteriorly to that of 
anal; scales with four or five basal radii, pectinate on their free 
edges; the circuli not angled at basal corners of scale; shape of scale 
oval. Lateral band bright, covering four series of scales. 

In this species the most anterior two or three scales of the dorsal 
surface of the head are imbricated in the reverse direction from the 
usual one, and those on the posterior and central parts are imbri- 
cated over those lying laterally to them, the transitional area or 
“nucleus” lying directly between the eyes. 


13, PSEUDAPHRITIS GOBIO (Giinther). 


Three specimens from Borja Bay and one from Otter Bay, the 
longest 360 mm. in total length. They differ greatly from the 


424 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





specimen figured by Giinther,! in having the fins much lower and the 
eye tentacle very small. Other smaller differences may be seen 
from the following data, but it is apparent that these are not specific 
in character. 

Head, 24 to 24 in length to base of caudal; depth, 44 to 44; eye, 
5 or 6 in head; maxillary, 2,1, to 24; snout 34 to 33; interorbital space, 
14 to 16 in head; dorsal rays VII, 22 or 23; anal, 20 or 21; scales in 
lateral line, 64 to 66; spinous dorsal when supine barely extending 
beyond first ray; longest spine and longest rays subequal, about 
equaling length of snout in longest specimens; maxillary reaching to 
or slightly beyond posterior border of eye; color light, with irregular 
darker saddles below last spines of dorsal, below sixth, seventh, and 
eighth rays, and below last nine rays; fins irregularly spotted, ten- 
tacles above eyes tipped with black. 


14. HARPAGIFER BISPINIS (Forster). 


Numerous specimens of this well-known form from Sandy Point, 
Laredo Bay, and Albatross station 2775, between Cape Virgins and 
First Narrows of the Straits of Magellan. The coloration of the 
second dorsal varies widely, but all intergradations are present 
between fins uniformly dark and those with narrow dark bands. In 
the young (30 mm.) the transverse bands are almost absent. In 
the adults the dorsal surface of the head is occasionally thickly 
papillate or roughened. 


15. ELEGINOPS MACLOVINA (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 
Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan. 
16. THYRSITES ATUN (Euphrasen). 


Numerous spetimens from Port Otway, Patagonia. There are 
sometimes 6, sometimes 7 finlets in the dorsal and anal. 


17. HIPPOGLOSSINA MACROPS Steindachner. 


One specimen 180 mm. in total length from station 2787, near 
Taitao Peninsula, Chile, in 61 fathoms. This corresponds remark- 
ably well with Steindachner’s description, excepting in the fact that 
only the last four or five rays in the dorsal and anal are divided. 
The original description states that 14 or 15 are thus distinguished. 
The scales on the blind side are ctenoid as far forward as the tip of 
the pectoral and not only in the posterior third of the body, as 
stated. Steindachner states that the eyes are on the left side as 
they are in ours, but his plate of the species shows them on the 
right. The spots on the bedy are occelated indistinctly. 

No differences are evident between this specimen and one from 
Valparaiso, Chile, collected by Admiral Beardslee, even in the above 


1 Plate 9, Challenger Shore Fishes. 


* 


no. 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 425 





characters. No other specimens are known as far as can be ascer- 
tained. 

Dorsal rays, 65; anal, 54; scales, 78 in lateral line, 26 in oblique 
series above lateral line at deepest part of body, 32 below; head, 0.31 
of body length to base of caudal; depth, 0.39; eye (longitudinal 
diameter of the upper), 0.09; snout (from lower eye), 0.06; maxillary 
length, 0.13; pectoral length on eyed side, 0.17, on blind, 0.11; depth 
of caudal peduncle, 0.095; gill rakers, 4+ 11. 

The presence of this species has now been recorded in Smyth 
Channel by Lénnberg! in corroboration of Giinther’s record. 


18, GOBIESOK MARMORATUS Jenyns. 
Three specimens from Port Otway, Patagonia. 
19, SALILOTA AUSTRALIS (Giinther). 


Haloporphyrus australis GUNTHER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol 11, 1878, p. 19. 
One specimen 20 cm. long from Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan. 
D. 9,56; A. 57; depth, 44 in total length; maxillary ending under 
posterior third cf eye. Also six specimens from Otter Bay, Smyth 
Channel. These show the number of rays in the first dorsal either 
10 or 11, as given by Smitt.2 An unscaled circular pit is present 
between the ventral bases. 


20. LOTELLA MARGINATA Giinther. 


Two small specimens from Aldatross station 2783, in 122 fathoms, 
between Hanover Island and the mainland. Dorsal rays, 8, 60; 
anal, 59. 

Genus NOTOTHENIA Richardson. 


Notothenia RicHarpson, Voyage of H. M. 8. Hrebus and Terror, Ichthyology, 
1846, p. 5 (type, N. coriiceps Richardson).—Bou.LENGER, Southern Cross, 
1902, p. 182. 

This is one of the largest and the most characteristic of the genera 
inhabiting the waters near Cape Horn. The identification of the 
species has been very difficult because of the lack of careful de- 
scriptions and because of the application of varying conceptions of 
species. The genus is here limited as by Boulenger,’ and a thorough 
revision is undertaken of those species found in the waters of the 
Falkland Islands and along the coasts of the South American con- 
tinent. After the revision was completed the monograph by Regan‘ 
came to hand. The conclusion there reached for the majority of 
the species is the same that had been tentatively reached by the 
author from an inspection of the literature, namely, that the species 





1 Magalhaenische Sammelreise, 1907, p. 14. 

2 Poiss. Expéd. Scient. Terre Feu., Bih. K. Svenska Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. 24, Afd. 55, No. 5, 1898, p. 37. 
3 Southern Cross, p. 182. 

4Scottish Antarctic Expedition. 


e 


426 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





of this genus found in the region under discussion are peculiar to it 
and very different from even those of South Georgia. Two species 
are credited by Regan, however, with a circumpolar distribution, but 
this view has not been accepted in this paper. (See under NV. cornu- 
cola and N. macrocephala.) 

The present collection is probably the largest and most abundant 
in individuals of any which has been made so far, and the oppor- 
tunity was seized to delimit the species as carefully as possible. The 
results may be seen in part in the following table showing the species 
recognized here as compared with those considered valid by previous 
writers. Seven were given by Dollo, 10 by Regan, and 15 are here 
listed in the present paper as peculiar to the region. 


Dollo, 1904.1 Regan, 1913.7 Present identification. 
Notothenia tessellata = tessellata = tessellata Richardson. 
Notothenia sima = sima = sima Richardson. 
Notothenia corviceps = cornucola = cornucola Richardson. 
Notothenia cyaneobrancha = brevicauda = longicauda, new species. 
Notothenia elegans = elegans = elegans Giinther. 
Notothenia longipes = longipes = longipes Steindachner. 
Notothenia acuta = (tessellata) = (tessellata). 

Notothenia macrocephala = macrocephala = macrocephala Gunther. 
trigramma = trigramma Regan. 
canina = canina Smitt. 
ramsayt = ramsayi Regan. 
wiltont = (longipes Steindachner). 


brevicauda Lénnberg. 
gilbertt, new species. 
latifrons, new species. 
squamiceps Peters. 
jordant, new species. 


The monograph of the Nototheniformes by Regan * constitutes 
a marked advance on what was previously known concerning the 
genus Notothenia, but the identification of species without material 
for comparison is left very difficult, and the recognition of new 
species still more so. The present collection has been worked over 
with a view to presenting a clear definition of the species, the range 
of variation of each character, and the correct determination of the 
synonymy, including as far as possible locality records. It is to be 
regretted that certain species, which are not included in the present 
collection, still rest on descriptions which are entirely inadequate 
and in some cases so similarly constructed as to render the species 
relationship doubtful. For the literature and bibliography the paper 
1 Dollo, Voyage du S. Y. Belgica (1897-1899) Zoologie, Anvers, 1904, p.79 (Summary of Literature). 
2 Regan, The Antarctic Fishes of the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition, Transactions of the Royal 


Society of Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), 1913, p. 264, plates. 
8Idem. 


No. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. A907 





by Dollo! may be consulted, and also the synonymy given here for 
each of the species treated. 

For each species a typical example has been selected and used 
as the type of the description to avoid confusion from the possible 
inclusion of more than one species under the one name. The range 
of variation found for as many specimens as possible is then in- 
cluded in parentheses after each character. No one set of characters 
is relied on as diagnostic. The scaling of the head is variable in 
some species and constant in others, but the size of the scales on the 
head is usually a good character. For the average of the counts and 
measurements of the species examined the table following the key 
may be consulted, but for the extremes the individual descriptions 
must be examined. 

The South American forms may be loosely divided into two groups, 
typified (1) by Notothenia macrocephala and N. latifrons, and (2) by 
Notothenia longipes with the remaining species. N. squamiceps is 
most nearly allied to the first, but differs in its deep body and scaled 
interorbital region. The first group is characterized by the broad 
naked interorbital space, lateral eyes, compressed bodies, and few 
anal rays. They seem to be of uniform coloration and perhaps are 
not strictly littoral, as most of the other species seem to be. The 
second group has a more cottoid appearance, a slightly compressed 
body, narrow interorbital space, and usually a variegated color pat- 
tern. Among this group J. gilbertt is remarkable for its very short 
snout, and N. elegans for its greatly elongated, slender body and 
extremely narrow interorbital. 

The measurements made in this review are in hundredths of the 
body length to the base of the caudal fin and were computed by 
means of the United States Bureau of Fisheries scale for proportional 
measurements. The scales were counted in series along the lateral 
line, not in the line itself, from the angle of the opercle to the last 
of the muscular part of the tail, and the transverse counts were made 
from the anal insertion obliquely upward and forward. The count 
spoken of as from the occiput to the dorsal was made from the 
posterior line of the head to the first dorsal spine. 

The specimens were each labeled with a number (such as 01-12 
or 01-11, etc.) to prevent confusion while being examined. These 
have been left attached and the numbers are given wherever detailed 
measurements are presented, in order that investigators subsequently 
dealing with the same material may identify them. Some of the 
specimens are placed in the collections of Stanford University, and 
the types, with the remainder of the species, have been sent to the 
United States National Museum. 





1 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb., vol. 49, 1913, p. 269. 


428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


KEY TO THE SPECIES OF NOTOTHENIA OF THE WATERS OF SOUTH AMERICA, INCLUDING 
THE FALKLANDS. 


a!, Snout very short, measured to the edge of the eye about 5 in head; maxillary 
3% to 4 in head; interorbital width 4% to 5 in head; dorsal VI, 32; anal 30; 
scales 70 to 73; pectoral about 14 in head; caudal peduncle depth 3 to 3? in 
same; gill rakers 9+12; scales between occiput and dorsal insertion 15. 

N. gilberti, 1. 

a?, Snout longer, contained 3 or 4 times in head. 

b!. Head scaleless above or nearly so. 

c!, Width of interorbital space more than three-tenths that of the head; anal 
base 24 to 24 in body; anal 24 or 25; scales 55 to 75; scales transverse 26; 
length of ventral 13 to 14 in head. 

d', Scales smooth to touch; 55 to 65 in lateral series; pores in upper lateral 
line 37 to 46; scales covering space in front of and between ventrals. 

N. macrocephala, 2. 

d?, Scales plainly ctenoid to touch; 65 to 75 in lateral series; pores in upper 

lateral line 50 to 60; scales lacking in front of and over half of distance 

between! ventrals). sh rl eee Se ee cee ae cise sc ece mele N. latifrons, 3. 

c?, Width of interorbital space less than one-fifth length of head; anal base 2 in 
body; anal rays more than 26; scales less than 55. 

e}. Width of interorbital space one-thirteenth to one-fifteenth that of head; 
length of head one-fourth to three-tenths of body length; depth of 
body 62 to 5,8, in its length; maxillary about 3 or 3} in head; dorsal 
VI, 33; depth of caudal peduncle slightly less than diameter of eye; 
velum narrow; two series of scales between dorsal fin and lateral 
TEMG estas 2k saree a na eta adc te oe oc meee Nanaia eee Sa N. elegans, 4. 

e?. Width of interorbital space one-sixth length of head; head 34 to 2¢ in 
body; depth of body 42 to 5 in its length; maxillary about 24 to 3 in 
head; dorsal V or VI, 28 to 33; depth of caudal peduncle greater than 
diameter of eye. 

f. Dorsal V, 31 to 33; scales in lateral series 49 to 54; opercle scaled above 
only; no embedded scales on interorbital space; base of pectoral 
with a distinct bar completely across it in adults...-- N. cornucola, 5. 
. J?. Dorsal VI (rarely V), 27 to 30; scales 45 to 49; opercle scaled entirely; 
a single embedded scale always present on anterior part of interorbital 
space (surface of head sometimes entirely scaled); bar on pectoral 
base not extending completely across it. ......--.--.---- N. sima, 6. 
b?. Head distinctly scaled above. 

g}. Anal rays 28 to 30; dorsal V to VII, 26 to 31; scales 46 to 50; depth of 
caudal peduncle 3} in head; ventrals extending to or well beyond 

anus. 

h}, Head cylindrical, cottoidlike, somewhat depressed; width of inter- 
orbital space 6 in head; eye slightly dorsal in position and out- 
look; dorsal V or VI, 28 to 30; gill rakers X-+9 to 12; scales on 
head small, much smaller than those on body, frequently nearly 
entirely absent; anal with oblique stripes, ventral clear. (See 
AWOVE! A Ore Se ee a ae oe ees sete N. sima, 6. 

h?. Head compressed laterally; body very deep, its width about 1} 
in its depth; width of interorbital space 43 to 5 in head; eye 
facing laterally; dorsal VI or VII, 26 to 29; gill rakers 8+-13 to 
16; scales on head large, nearly as large as those on body, never 
ADSM tM: sce BE ee aarti N. squamiceps, 7. 

g?. Anal rays 30 to 34; dorsal V to VIII, 32 to 36; scales in lateral series 
above lateral line 55; depth of caudal peduncle contained 34 in 
head or more (except in N. brevicauda); ventrals ending at or 
before anus in adults. 


NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 499 








i}, Gill rakers long and fine, 35 to 38 on first arch; scales less than 
65; interorbital space 0.05 to 0.065. 
j1. Seales on head small, 8 or 9 in transverse series, extending 
forward to nostrils; first dorsal rays about one-third length of 
GHG Beret prise a aries scat’ SARA Coes Sco N. ramsayi, 8. 
72. Scales on interorbital space large, 3 in transverse series, not 
extending beyond the anterior edge of eye; first dorsal high, 
two-thirds length of head; scales on head rough ctenoid. 
N. jordani, 9. 
22, Gill rakers short, less than 35 on first arch; scales more than 65. 
k!. Dorsal V, 35 or 36; gill rakers 30 to 34; eye in a specimen 
100 mm. long, 4 in head. 
(', Depth of caudal peduncle less than one-third head. 
NV. longicauda, 10, 
l?. Depth of caudal peduncle more than one-half head. 
N. brevicauda, 11. 
&?. Dorsal VI to VIII, 32 to 35. 
m?', Teeth of moderate size, not canines. 
n'. Velum, from tip of lower jaw to its edge, two-thirds 
eye in adult; lower jaw longer than upper; gill rakers 
20 to 25; dorsal VI or VII, 32 to 34; scales from 
occiput to dorsal 15 to 20; upper lateral line not 
reaching nearly to caudal base..... N. tessellata, 12. 
n*, Width of velum (measured as above) one-half dia- 
meter of eye in adult; lower jaw equal to upper; 
gill rakers usually 25 to 32 on first arch; dorsal VI 
or VII, 34 or 36; scales from occiput to dorsal 10 to 
15; upper lateral line reaching nearly to caudal 
base; eye in a specimen 100 mm. long, 3 in head. 
o!. Scales in upper lateral line 65; three lateral lines 
(above characters not corroborated).......-.--. 


fiom Sores aioe cea ee a seer N. trigramma, 13. 
o?. Scales in upper lateral line 47 to 53; two lateral 
AMOS see cece tes ee eee entice. N. longipes, 14. 


m?,. Canine teeth present; dorsal VI, 32 or 33; gill rakers 36 
to 39; lateral line not reaching nearly to caudal base 
(known from description only).....-... N. canina, 15. 


Table showing average for each specics of each proportional measurement employed. 








Species number}... . 2.2.2 S...2c2-n0se0: 1 3 4 5 6 iv 
Number of specimens... ......2.-...-.-.- 2 it 3 9 5 29 
CAG eh cecine ciescGic ones scteeensce ae nee 0. 285 0.30 0.30 0. 27 0.30 0.30 
Depthi(at pectorals) ; ... 22a. sa--< 20 26 22 155 deeee ec sc oe 20 
CME eens tA eee eee 08 07 07 08 07 07 
BNOUTec tec e het ben cae soda sec weet ec 06 085 08 065 08 08 
Mira lair yen oe ior Sete ee eee 075 095 11 083 12 il 
Man diblot te once Fos Sent ic bak gow cea meee wl2: 115 13 10 13 12 
Interorbital Width... ic... <.cencc0csss00- 06 10 -09 02 05 05 
Dorsalispimesi< <2 2s. vce20-s-nhed shee ee VI| IVorv Vv VI V| Vorvi 
IWOESAITAYS. arecte saecs sceke chess ones 32 30 30 33 33 30 
PATI Ua V Steen es oe cc Elyac een asna ete eee 30 24 25 31 29 29 
Scales in lateral Jines..........-.---..--+ 45+6 40+12 56+10 39-+7 40+6 38+10 
PICRIESMSCTICS fo otc sesame cuecscnctet 72 61 71 49 2 47 
Scalesitransverse oo... ose se aes ae 27 25 28 16 20 18 
Pectoralilensthie: 3326a25 oss feces cae deee 0. 26 0. 22 0. 23 0. 21 0. 22 0.23 
IPECLOLALTAY Sues oe ceeccnscncsenc lncecsee 22 A 7p eases one 23 20 22 
Wenitrallenpth sso... ashet es ee: 0. 22 0.19 0.19 0.215 0.20 0. 23 
Caudal peduncle depth...............-.. - 085 -10 -10 07 -09 09 
Gillrakers any Eee sth ove oe eee tes 9+12 7+12 7+13 7+12 9+12 +11 
Scales occiput to dorsal............-.-.-- 15 15 14 |e 11 13 14 





1 See text. 


430 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Table showing average for each species of each proportional measurement employed—Con. 








Speciesmmumiber eee net oe scence teers 9 10 11 13 14 « 152 
Munsee Olispecimenssi55.--seeeee eee 7 26 
a ee Fat = cic cee nlatoee tele ee tee eicr 0.39 0. 29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0. 28 
Dept (at pectorals) 2S 52 S222 ese cee 24 18 20 -19 1 17 
UE oh aria Sst Se ere eye Sok aa een 075 08 08 - 065 08 07 
rout Re Sie eee et ats emer ete 08 075 075 - 076 08 065 
Maxillary vies scotia tee oe eee 095 095 -10 wih: ~L0 oo 
Mandible scars ad eet ae eee 12 13 ll -13 12 13 
Interorbitalliwad this. 2 ences mi onl -07 - 06 - 04 «045 045 -05 
Morsalispines= sis -2e ee Sos ee eee VII Vil V | ViIor VIL VI vI 
Dorsalirays: cs5-e-e ee sé 28 35 35 33 34 33 
Analtays 2 24s... <2 29 32 33 2 3 31 
Seales in lateral lines. es 385+7 45+12 49+-6 47+9 50+12 644-9 
Sealesin'soriesh seed sscsac ec eee nee 47 60 72 75 74 68 
ecales:fransverseess. = 2652 oe eepadesece 16 21 24 23 21 24 
‘Pectorallengthisas sete secre eee 0.23 0. 23 0.19 0. 23 0.19 0. 25 
WMectoralirayswe twee se mecceae Scueliee cee 22 23 24 24 26 27 
Ventral ilenethay si. 2-9 228 wees ue 0. 24 0. 21 0.18 0. 185 0.19 0.18 
Caudal peduncle'depther.2o.52.- 22>... oe - 095 -075 075 08 075 - 075 
Gill makers em Ree es Sle sa eee ah 8+15 12+424 11+20 8+15 10+17 15-+-22 
Scales occiput toidorsal.. 24. so see es: 10 11 15 17 12%) thee scmee 





1 See text. 
2 eoue Smitt, measurements changed from hundredths of total length to hundredths of length without 
cauda 


1. NOTOTHENIA GILBERTI, new species. 


Plate 2, fig. 3. 


Described from the type and paratype taken at Laredo Bay, in the 
Straits of Magellan, both 60 mm. in total length; the type is author’s 
number 01-52, and 76853 of the United States National Museum. 
Measurements of type and paratype in hundredths of body length 
given in parentheses. 

Head (to tip of upper jaw) 34 in body to base of caudal (0.29 to 
0.28); depth 54 (0.19 to 0.21); eye 34 in head (0.08); snout 5 (0.06); 
maxillary 34 (0.07 to 0.08); mandible about 24 (0.12); width of 
interorbital space 5 (0.06); length of pectoral 1$ (0.24 to 0.27); 
of ventral 14 (0.22); least depth of caudal peduncle 32 (0.08 to 0.085) ; 
length of combined dorsal bases 12 in body; of anal base 13% or 2; 
D. VI 32; A. 31 (30); pectoral rays 22; scales with pores in upper 
lateral line 45; in lower line 6; scales in lateral series 70 (73); in 
transverse from origin of anal obliquely forward and upward 6+ 22 
(26 to 28); gill rakers 9412. 

Width of head equal to its depth at the opercles, squarish in 
section, the sides somewhat parallel; snout extremely short, project- 
ing but little beyond the anterior edge of the eye; profile of head 
descending along anterior border of eyes as far as nostrils, and 
then slightly forward to meet the premaxillaries; lower jaw longer 
than upper, mandible very long in proportion to maxillary; inter- 
opercle in large part covered; upper limb of preopercle vertical; 
breadth of velar flap measured from tip of lower jaw contained three 
times in eye; teeth small, in three rows anteriorly above and two 
below, a single row laterally in both jaws, rows subequal; gill rakers 
short. 


NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 431 





Dorsal inserted above pectoral base; space between last dorsal ray 
and last of muscular part of tail equal to two-thirds of least depth of 
caudal peduncle; dorsal terminating above third from last anal ray; 
pectoral rounded at tip; ventrals reaching anus; caudal broken but 
apparently pointed. 

Upper lateral line extending as far as does second dorsal, over- 
lapping the lower lateral line by two or three scales. 

Scales absent on snout, lips, and lower jaw, also on limbs of pre- 
opercle; present on interorbital to between eyes or slightly beyond; 
those on cheek very small, larger on opercle and dorsal surface of 
head; nowhere roughly ctenoid. 

Color much faded; irregular small dark spots on dorsal surface of 
head and body, with two rows of indefinite blotches on either side 
of median line of flank, which may be remnants of cross bars; first 
dorsal strikingly tipped with black and narrowly margined with 
white; second dorsal with very oblique brown stripes; anal colorless; 
caudal cross-striped, ventrals and pectoral clear. 

Named for Dr. C. H. Gilbert in grateful acknowledgment. 

On the roof of the mouth of the paratype is a copepod parasite, 
filling nearly the whole of the buccal cavity and giving rise to a 
query as to the eating habits of the species. It was not thought 
best to mutilate the specimens to look at the stomach contents. 


Table of proportional measurements in hundredths of body length. 








Author’s number......---...- 01—34 | 01—521 | Scales in lateralseries........ 73 70 
Length to base ofcaudal..mm. 50 50 || Scales in transverse series... . 26 23 
Headilength. .....22.5--- 22+... 0. 28 0. 29 Pectorallength............... 0. 24 0. 27 
Body length. vic.22 25 ocee 222. 19 21 Ventrallength .......-..-...- <22 «22 
Diameter of eye.......-----.-- .08 .08 Caudal peduncle depth....... -08 - 085 
Snout, from eye to its tip...... . 06 .065 || Gillrakers on first arch.......] X12 9+12 
Maxillary length.......-...... .07 08 Scales occiput to dorsal....... 14 16 
Mandibularlength............ 12 .12 Pectoral rays. = ssicceeese.s 22 23 
Interorbital width ............ . 06 . 06 Combined dorsal bases...-..-.. 0.61 0. 62 
WD OTSALTAYS ise sc.nee ee oceees V1I+32 Vi--32) || Amal base. 3.4... 22 50 Sobese5e - 50 . 50 
PAMIA TAY S!s cocina o& cise oS oc 31 30 Scales in lateralline.......... 45-+-6 45+-6 
1 Tyne. 


2. NOTOTHENIA MACROCEPHALA Giinther. 


Notothenia macrocephala GUNTHER, Cat. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 263. Falkland 
Islands.—CUNNINGHAM, Voyage of H. M. 8S. Nassau; Trans. Linn. Soc., 
vol. 27, 1871, p.470. Fortune Bay, west coast of Patagonia.—Prruara, Ann. 
Mus. Genova, (2) vol. 10, 1891, p. 18. Punta Arenas.—?VaILLANT, Mission 
Scientifique du Cap Horn (1882-1883), vol. 6, Zoologie, Paris, 1891, p. 27, 
pl. 3, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d (plates not-seen and the description insufficient). 
Orange Bay.—Smirt, Bih. Svenska. Akad., vol. 23, IV, No. 3, p. 9, pl. 3, 
figs. 23-26, 1897. Punta Arenas.—Dr.rin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, 
Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 84.—BouLENagER, Southern Cross, 1902, 

. p. 184 (part, those from Cape Horn, not ‘‘N. macrocephala” from Campbell 
Island).—LOnnzBeErG, Hamburger Magalhaenische Sammelreise, Fische, 1907, 
p. 10. Smyth Channel, Punta Arenas, Cape Horn.—Rea@an, Scottish Ant- 
arctic Expedition, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), p. 277. 
Magellan Straits, Falkland Islands (New Zealand and Campbell Island?). 





432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


Notothenia hassleriana StEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., No. 3, Sitzb. d. k. Akad. 
d. Wiss., Wien, vol. 73, Abth. 1, Juni Heft, 1875, p. 41, pl.6. Puerto Bueno 
and Port Gallant in Straits of Magellan; also Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb. 
Suppl., vol. 4, 1898, p. 303. Punta Arenas. 

? Notothenia portert Detrin, Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1899, p. 117. .Talcahuano.! 


Described from three specimens * collected at Borja Bay, two from 
Sandy Point, and two from Otter Bay; the largest, from the latter 
place, 215 mm. in total length, is used as typical. 

Head 34 (0.29 to 0.32) of body length; depth 32 (0.23 to 0.29); 
eye 43 in head (0.06 to 0.08); snout 34 (0.08 to 0.09); length of max- 
ilary 22 (0.09 to 0.115) of mandible 2% (0.11 to 0.12); width of inter- 
orbital space 22 (0.09 to 0.13); length of pectoral 12 (0.20 to 0.25); 
of ventral 13 (0.17 to 0.20); of combined dorsal bases 12 in body; 
of anal base 24; D. V (or IV), 80 (29-31); A. 24 (or 23); pectoral 
rays 17; scales with pores in upper lateral line 43 (38 to 46), in lower 
10 (8 to 14); in lateral series 61 (58 to 64) ; in transverse series 8 + 22; 
gill rakers 6+ 11 (17 to 19). 

Head massive, broad above, with rounded snout and vertical 
cheeks; profile arched most strongly before eyes on snout; inter- 
orbital nearly flat, arched slightly from side to side; maxillary ending 
under anterior edge of pupil (under anterior quarter of eye in young) ; 
jaws equal; width of velar flap measured from tip of lower jaw two- 
thirds diameter of eye; eye looking laterally, upper surface of eyeball 
not exposed; interopercle nearly as wide as preorbital; teeth of jaws 
in two loose rows anteriorly, one laterally, small, a pair behind second 
row at symphysis of lower jaw; gill rakers very short and thick. 

Space between last spine and first dorsal ray equal to two or three 
interspinous spaces; spines stiffer than usual, longest of them three 
or four in head length; anterior portion of soft dorsal elevated, length 
of its rays containing that of posterior part one and two-thirds times; 
dorsal and anal terminating opposite each other and a trifle more than 
depth of caudal peduncle from last of muscular part of latter; anal 
similar to second dorsal but slightly lower; pectoral falcate, more so 
in adults than in young; ventrals reaching three-fifths to two-thirds 
distance to anus; caudal emarginate. 


1 As the original description of this nominal (?) species is somewhat difficult of access the following 
abstract is given in translation. The locality is so far north of other records as to require confirmation if 
it is N. macrocephala: 

Depth at insertion of anal contained 53; times in totallength; width at pectorals 43; length of head 4$ in 
same; width of interorbital space 23 in head; top of head with many rough granulations and minute scales. 
Nasaltube large. Eye 24 in length of snout. Scales large on opercle, preopercle, and posterior edge of 
eye (translation?). Upper lateral line terminating opposite last ray of second dorsal; lower beginning on 
a line between the sixth from the last rays of the dorsaland anal. Color variable, greenish brown, darker 
above. Irregular blotches forming one or two irregular bands laterally, interrupted by yellowish green 
color. Pectoral with circular yellow spots, faint distally, a large irregular blotch on the axilla. Dorsal 
and anal green, obscured by a pattern of greenish yellow of different hues. Caudal similar with a clear 
vertical band. Rays of dorsal and pectoral only vary in number “D, IV-VI, 28-30; A. 24; P. 18-19.” 

2 See table of measurements after Notothenia latifrons on page 435. 





NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 433 


Upper lateral line terminating under fourth from last dorsal ray 
and two scale series before beginning of lower. 

Scales present on head only on upper half or third of cheeks, dorsal 
surface of head naked, but covered by coarse papillae as far forward 
as anterior edge of eyes; no naked area before ventrals; scales smooth 
to touch because of pronounced dermal flap which covers ctenoid 
edges of scales, more particularly in adults. 

Color uniform; fins all more or less dusky, without pattern save 
for three or four indefinite longitudinal lines anteriorly on second 
dorsal, better defined in young; ventrals frequently much darker 
above than other fins. According to Lénnberg? the life colors are: 
“Ricken dunkel graugriin, nach dem Bauch in Gold tibergehend, 
unter dem Kopfe weiss.” 

This species might well be Notothenia magellanica (Bloch and 
Schneider) were the anal rays not given as 25 for that form. 

Regan? believes that Notothenia macrocephala is identical with 
species from Kerguelen, New Zealand, Auckland, and Campbell 
Islands. This would leave this species and N. cornucola the sole 
members of the genus which are circumpolar in distribution. His 
decision with regard to N. cornucola seems to bave been based on a 
single “‘small specimen’”’ from New Zealand. In his description of 
N. macrocephala * the range of variation of the dorsal spines is given 
as III to VI, which is greater than in any other species in the present 
collection. In over a hundred examples of Notothenia tessellata the 
number varied only between VI and VII, while in 75 of WN. longipes 
but 3 were found to vary from VI, and in 30 of NV. sima the only num- 
bers found were V or VI. However, judging from the form of the 
species, it is not as strictly littoral as some of the others, and if any of 
them are of wide distribution it would be this species, instead of cot- 
toid forms like N.sima. If this distribution is adopted, the synonymy 
would include the following, as given by Regan: 

Notothenia maoriensis Haast, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 5, 1873, p. 276, pl. 
16, fig. New Zealand. 

N. angustata Hurron, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 16, 1875, p. 315. New 
Zealand. 

N. antarctica Peters, Monatsh. Akad. Berlin, 1876, p. 837. Kerguelen. 

N. arguta Hutton, Trans. New Zealand Inst., vol. 11, 1879, p.339. New Zealand. 

Without these localities, N. macrocephala ranges from the Falk- 
land Islands, through the Straits of Magellan, around Cape Horn, to 
Fortune Bay, west coast of Patagonia and Otter Bay, in Smyth Chan- 
nel, thus being present on both coasts. 

1 Magalhaenische Sammelreise. 


2 Seottish Antarctic Expedition, 1913, p. 277. 
3 Tdem. 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——28 


434 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


3. NOTOTHENIA LATIFRONS, new species. 


Plate 8, fig. 1. 


Type and two paratypes from Sandy Point and Laredo Bay, 
Straits of Magellan. Type 63 mm. in total length, Cat. No. 76854, 
U.S.N.M. 

Head 34 in body to end of muscular part of tail (0.30); depth 43 
(0.22); eye, 44 in head (0.07 to 0.075); snout, 3? (0.08); maxillary 23 
(0.11); mandible 22 (0.125 to 0.13); width of interorbital space 34 
(0.09); length of pectoral 14 (0.22) to 0.23); of ventral 14 (0.19.to 
0.20); least depth of caudal peduncle 3 (0.09 to 0.10); length of com- 
bined dorsal bases 13 in body without caudal (0.60); of anal base 22 
(0.42 to 0.44); D. V, 30; A. 25 (24); scales with pores in upper lateral 
line 56 (51 to 56); in lower lateral line 10 (or 9); in lateral series 73 
(67 to 73); in transverse series obliquely forward and upward from 
anal insertion 8+ 20; gill rakers 7+15 (18 to 22). 

Head broad above but deeper than wide at preopercle; snout 
rounded, not pointed; profile arched strongly before eyes, nearly 
level behind; maxillary ending under anterior border of eyes; jaws 
nearly equal; interopercle nearly overlapped at angle of opercle; 
teeth in two or three rows anteriorly in both jaws, in a single row 
laterally; upper margin of eye covered by interorbital; eye looking 
laterally; gill rakers very short. 

Dorsel inserted above pectoral base; interdorsal space equal to at 
least three interspinous spaces; distance last dorsal ray to end of 
muscular part of tail equal to least depth of caudal peduncle; last 
dorsal ray over last of anal; pectoral edge rounded; ventral not ex- 
tending to anus; caudals broken in all specimens. 

Upper lateral line ending under third from last dorsal ray and dis_ 
tant four scales from beginning of lower. 

Scales ctenoid, absent on head save on upper edge of opercle and 
cheek; present on suprascapular area; scales also absent before ven- 
trals between their bases and gill opening, those between ventrals 
forming a broad band covering half of distance between them; scales 
between occiput and dorsal small. 

Color uniform; silvery below and darker above; second dorsal 
dusky distally; narrowly margined with white; first dorsal somewhat 
darker; anal similar to second dorsal; other fins colorless or slightly 
dusky, but pattern, if any, completely faded. 

This species differs from Notothenia macrocephala in the larger num- 
ber of scales in the upper lateral line, the larger number in longitudi- 
nal series; longer maxillary aud mandible in specimens of a size; the 
roughness of the scales to the touch, which are strongly ctenoid and 
without the dermal flap which characterizes NV. macrocephala; and in 
the presence of a bare space before the ventrals. 


no. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 435 





Table of proportional measurements in hundredths of the body length. 





| Notothenia macrocephala. | N. latifrons. 
Author’s numbers!........... 01-50 | 01-14 | 01-12 01-72 | a | 01-73 | 01-67 | O1-11 | 01-65] 01-64 
Length to beey ofcaudal.mm.. 185 155 69 60 | 42 41 53 47 42 
Body depth...........----.... 0.28} 0.29} 0.26]; 0.26] 0. 4 0.23 | 0.23] 0.22 | 0.225 0. 22 
Scales in ae Sehlesseeme cane 61 63 63 58 64 60 59 73 67 7. 
Scales in laterallines........... 43+10 |46+12 | 394+9 |40+12 |38+14 |88+10 | 39+8 |56+10 | 51+9 | 56+10 
Maxillary length............-- 0.115 | 0.105] 0.095 | 0.10} 0.09] 0.095} 0.09} O.11) 0.11 0.11 
Mandible Jength Pec aeeenencee 0.12} 0.115} 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.115 | 0.115 | 0.125} 0.13 0.13 
NIOFSASPINeSoee. aos. -csccns + cere V IV IV IV IV Vv? Vv V V Vv 
PBTAAI TAU Ge ec Srciccc,cts\eiece = iStGinie 24 23 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 24 





1 Localities: Otter Bay, Smyth Channel, 01-50, 01-14; Borja Bay, Straits of Magellan, 01-12, 01-72, 
01-73; Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan, 01-66, 01-67, 01-11, 01-65; Laredo Bay, Straits of Magellan, 01-64. 


4. NOTOTHENIA ELEGANS Giinther. 


Notothenia elegans GiintueR, Challenger Shore Fishes, p. 21, pl. 11, fig. C. Off 
Cape Virgins, 55 fathoms.—Prrueia, Ann. Mus. Genova (2), vol. 10, p. 19. 
48° 1’ 10” latitude south, and 63° 54’ 15” longitude west.—DELrin, Catalogo 
de los Peces de Chile, Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 87.—BOoULENGER, 
Southern Cross, 1902, p. 183.—RkEa@an, Scottish National Antarctic Exped., 
Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2, No. 2, 1913, p.274. Cape Virgins. 

Described from numerous specimens taken at Albatross stations 
2770, 2771, 2773, and 2774, extending from Cape Blanco to the 
entrance of Magellan Straits. The species is evidently a small one, 
the largest individual being 80 mm. in total length. A specimen 
(numbered 01-24) 75 mm. long is used as typical in the description 
and the extremes of measurements are inserted in hundredths of the 
total length. 

Head 32 in body length (0.26 to 0.28); depth 63 in same (0.15 to 
0.17); eye 34 in head (0.07 to 0.085); snout 43 (0.06 to 0. 07); length 
of maxillary 3 (0.08 to 0.09); of mandible 2? (0. 09 to 0.10); width of 
interorbital space 13 (0.015 to 0.025); engin of pectoral 14 (0.20 to 
0.23); of combined dorsal bases 13 in body; of anal base 2; D. VI, 32 
(or 33); A. 30 (80 to 32); pectoral rays 23; scales with pores in upper 
lateral line 39 (38 to 42), in lower 5 (5 to 8); in lateral series 50 (48 
to 51); scales between occiput and dorsal 14 (10 to 14); gill rakers 
X+11 (6 to 9+10 to 12=17 to 20). 

Body elongated and slender, nearly cylindrical; width of head at 
opercles greater than depth by diameter of pupil; width of body at 
pectorals greater than depth by but little; tail compressed; head 
arched strongly in profile from above posterior border of eyes to tip 
of snout; eyes looking upward nearly as much as laterally, inter- 
orbital space very narrow; snout short, less than eye diameter; 
maxillary reaching to below pupil, mouth cleft but slightly oblique; 
velar flap, measured from tip of lower jaw, as wide as one-half 
diameter of eye; teeth small, in a double row in front, outer larger, a 
single row laterally. 

First dorsal high, 24 in head; second dorsal nearly a third again 
as high anteriorly as posteriorly, as far as may be seen despite worn- 


436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





off rays; anal similar to second dorsal; last ray of latter above third 
from last of anal, and distant from last of muscular part of tail by 
more than depth of caudal peduncle; pectoral somewhat pointed; 
caudal rounded at tip; ventrals extending beyond anus. 

Upper lateral line ending under third or fourth from last dorsal 
ray and slightly before or over beginning of lower. 

Scales slightly ctenoid to touch; absent on head save a single line 
above on opercle and a few on upper edge of cheek; a narrow naked 
space in front of ventrals. ; 

Body with five irregular V-shaped bands, first over pectorals, 
last below last rays of dorsal, extending ventrally to median line of 
side along which a narrow clear longitudinal space extends; six or 
seven large spots below this, not reaching ventral surface of body; 
second dorsal with indistinct markings; caudal crossed by two or 
three relatively broad bands; an irregular spot on caudal base; other 
fins clear. 

Notothenia elegans Vaillant is not this species because of the fin 
formula, which is: D. IV, 40; A. 30. 

N. elegans is only known from Cape Blanco to Cape Virgins, 
apparently entirely on the eastern coast. 


5. NOTOTHENIA CORNUCOLA Richardson. 

Notothenia cornucola Ricwarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p. 8, 
pl. 8, figs. 4 and 5; p. 18, pl. 11, figs. 3 and 4. Cape Horn, Port Louis, and 
Falkland Islands.—Gitnruer, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 2, 1860, p. 261.— 
CUNNINGHAM, Voyage of H. M.S. Nassau, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 27, 1871, 
p. 470. Chiloe, Straits of Mageilan, and west coast of Patagonia.—Srem- 
DACHNER, Ich. Beitr., vol. 3, Sitz. d. k. Akad. Wien, vol. 72, Abth. I, Juni 
Heft, 1875, p. 45. Coasts of Patagonia and Chile and Straits of Magellan.— 
Peters, Monatsb. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Dec. 1876, p. 837. Punta Arenas, 
Straits of Magellan.— Prervuera, Ann. Mus. Genova, (2) vol. 10, 1891, p. 19.— 
STEINDACHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl. vol. 4, 1898, p. 301. 
Admiralty Sound, Punta Arenas.—Der rin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, 
Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 85 (part only, forma calva).—VAILLANT, 
Mission Sci. Cap Horn, vol. 6, Zoologie 1, Poissons, 1907, p. 25. Orange Bay 
and ‘‘Mission a Terre.’-—REG@AN, Scottish Antarctic Exped. Trans. Royal 
Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2, No. 2, 1913, pp. 240 and 275. Falkland 
Islands and Magellan Straits. 

Notothenia virgata RicHarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p. 18, 
pl. 11, figs. 5 and 6. Falkland Islands.—Giinruer Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 
vol. 2, 1860, p. 262 (types of species).—VaILLANT, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, 
vol. 6, Zoologie, 1, Poissons, p. 25. Orange Bay and ‘‘Mission a Terre.”’ 

Notothenia marginata RicHarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, 
p. 18, pl. 12, figs. 1 and 2.—Vam1ant, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, vol. 6, 1907, 
p. 26. Orange Bay and ‘‘Mission a Terre”? and Beagle Channel. 

? Notothenia modesta STEINDACHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb., Suppl., vol. 
4, 1898, p. 302, pl. 20, figs. 3, 3a. Punta Arenas, Straits of Magellan.—DE t- 
FIN, Catalogo de los peces de Chile, Revista Chitena, vol. 4, 1900, p. 86. 


NO. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. AST 





Notothenia coriiceps Dotto, Voyage du 8S. Y. Belgica, Antwerp, 1904, p. 79. 
Lapataia Bay in Beagle Channel.—_LénnBera, Wiss. Ergeb. Schwed. Siid- 
polar Exp., vol. 5, Lief. 6, 1905, pp. 6 and 13. Ushuaia, Terre del Fuego, 
Falkland Islands; Hamburger Magalhaenische Sammelreise, Fische, 1907. 
p. 9, Smyth Channel, Punta Arenas, Ushuaia, Haberton Harbor, Falkland 
Islands (not N. coriiceps Richardson). 

Described from three specimens taken at Laredo Bay (with a 
number of very young specimens) and five from Sandy Point, in the 
Straits of Magellan, the largest individual being 95 mm. in total 
length. 

Head 33 in length to base of caudal (0.29 to 0.32 of body length), 
depth 42; eye 4 in head (0.07 to 0.075); snout 32; length of maxil- 
lary 2} (0.11 to 0.12); of mandible 21 (0.12 to 0.14); width of inter- 
orbital space 53 (0.045 to 0.055); length of pectoral 14 (0.19 to 0.23); 
of ventral 12 (0.19 to 0.21); least depth of caudal peduncle 34 (0.09 
to 0.095); length of combined dorsal bases 12 in body (0.63 to 0.68); 
of anal ‘fin 2; D. V (or IV), 32 (or 33); A. 29 (or 28); pectoral rays 
20; scales with pores in upper lateral line 40; in lower 6; in lateral 
series 52 (49 to 54); in transverse series 5+15 (18 to 21); gill rakers 
8+12. 

Head narrow above, strongly arched, its width less than its depth 
at occiput; body compressed, its width one and one-third times in 
depth at pectoral bases; maxillary ending under center of eye; dis- 
tance from eye to nearest point on line of occiput less than diameter 
of eye (more in Notothenia sima); breadth of velar fold from tip of 
lower jaw equal to two-thirds eye diameter; teeth above in two or 
three rows anteriorly, three or four below; interopercle evenly 
exposed throughout; jaws nearly equal; upper limb of preopercle 
inclined backward as it passes to angle; gill rakers short. 

Dorsal inserted slightly before base of pectoral; distance from last 
ray to end of fleshy part of peduncle one-third least depth of latter; 
last dorsal ray above third from last of anal; first dorsal not as high 
as first rays of second dorsal, which are higher than last of same fin; 
anal lower but similar to second dorsal; ventrals reaching anus; 
caudal and pectorals rounded. 

Upper lateral line ending below last dorsal ray; lower commencing 
immediately before its termination, very short. 

Seales absent on cheeks and opercles save narrow upper parts; 
interorbital space completely naked, no buried scale between anterior 
edges of eyes; those between occiput and dorsal very small and 
buried; scales apparently lacking in space between ventrals and 
gill opening. 

Color dark; two clear streaks, separated by a narrow dark streak, 
running obliquely back and downward from suborbital; a dark blotch 
above these below posterior border of eye; ventrals dark, with faint 


488 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





clear edge; pectorals with bar completely across base in adults; anals 
dark, with clear edge; soft dorsal similar; spinous dorsal with usual 
large black spot on distal and posterior half; caudal with indications 
of cross-stripes; in young specimens anal frequently shows traces 
of oblique stripes. 

Certain very young specimens of this species from Laredo Bay 
apparently show 5 spines and 34 rays in the dorsal, but are otherwise 
typical. 

That this is Notothenia cornucola of Richardson and not NV. sima 
is shown conclusively by the characters given for the former. These 
are: Dorsal rays 32; opercle not completely scaled; oblique cheek 
stripe distinct; bar across pectoral complete and distinct. Our speci- 
mens correspond in every detail with the description of the type. 

Notothenia sima differs from this species not only in the characters 
shown in the key and tables of measurements, but also very greatly 
in physiognomy, the interorbital space being less strongly arched 
from side to side and the head apparently less compressed. 

Regan! records a small specimen from New Zealand, but this is so 
contrary to the general distribution of the species of the genus that 
it is difficult to accept the record, on such meager material at least. 

Steindachner’s description of Notothenia modesta seems to fit our 
specimens closely enough, although he says:? 

Wegen der stark comprimirten Form der Kopfes und der aitisserst geringen Stirn- 


breite wage ich es nicht, das hier beschriebene Exemplar der Art nach mit N. cornucola 
zu vereinigen. 


The range of distribution seems the greatest of the genus im so far 
as South American members are concerned, as it extends from the 
Island of Chiloe (43° latitude) on the western coast to the Falkland 
Islands on the eastern, being recorded many times from Cape Horn 
and the Straits of Magellan. 





N. cornucola. N. sima. 





Authors’ number. 


| 
02-15 02-18 02-16 02-17 | 01-15 | 02-46 02-45 02-5 | 01-23 01-68 01-8 0248 














| 
| 
| | 
Length to base of caudal | | 

DO eee eee ane ce mm.. 66 68 70) 81 81 60 68 70: 80 80 85 91 





Eye diameter 0.075) 0.075} 0.07) 0.07) 0.07} 0.07 0. 07| 0.065; 0.07) 0.06 0.06 0. 06 
Maxillary. :-.4.0..2- Set aa .12 UL) ) 52 Du 210) “fal we 12 A) col ~ 12 
MATIC I DION eee ccee aoe .14 oo SL) 213 12). «425 wl15 13 “12 125 12 
Dorsalirayssssc. =. ac. ele V,32) V, a Vv, 32 Me ge Vv, eo VI, 29) vI, 25 VI, 30) V i, 30} V, 29 vi, ri VI, ze 
Seales in lateral series. . - . 50 47 46 46 48 50 


@illivakers) [3222 526 ses. 8+12 ot x3 x19 x+13 9+10 9410 9+11] 7+9 9410 o+ll 641 


| 





1 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb., vol. 49, 1913, p. 275. 

2 Fauna Chilensis, p. 302. 

3 Localities: N. cornucola: All from Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan. WN. sima: Laredo Bay, Straits of 
Magellan 02-46, 02-45, 02-48, 02-5, 01-8; Gregory Bay, Straits of Magellan, 01-23, 01-68 


No, 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 439 





6. NOTOTHENIA SIMA Richardson. 


Notothenia sima Ricwarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, 1846, p.19, pl. 
11, figs. 1 and 2. Falkland Islands.—StTeinpAcHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. 
Jahrb. Suppl., vol. 4, 1898, p. 303. Punta Arenas, Straits of Magellan.— 
BouLenceER, Ann. Nat. Hist., (7) vol. 6, 1900, p. 53. Stanley Harbor, Falk- 
land Islands; idem, Southern Cross, 1902, p. 183 (part).—LONNBERG, Wis- 
sensch. Erg. Schwed. Stidpolar Exp., vol. 5, Lief. 6, 1905, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 1. 
Falkland Islands.—?Vam.ant, Expédition Antarctique Francaise (1903- 
1905) Dec., 1906, p. 24. Booth Wandel Island, (Dorsal VI, 36).—LONNBERG, 
Magalhaenische Sammelreise, 1907, p. 9. Punta Arenas, Smyth Channel and 
Falkland Islands.—Recan, Scottish Antarctic Expedition, Trans. Royal 
Soc. Edinb., 1918, p. 240 and 269. Magellan Straits and Falkland Islands. 

Notothenia cornucola, formae calva, intermedia, and squamifrons Smit, Bih. Svenska 
Akad., vol. 23, IV, No. 3, 1897, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 12; pl. 2, figs. 13 and 14; pl. 11, 
figs. 15-17.—DeE.rin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, Revista Chilena, vol. 4, 
1900, p. 85 (after Smitt). 

?Notothenia kerlandreae LONNBERG Wissensch. Ergeb, Schwed. Siidpolar Exp., 
vol. 5, 1905, Lief. 6, p. 14, pl. 4, fig. 13. Port Williams and Port Stanley, 
Falklands. 

Described from numerous specimens taken at Gregory and Laredo 
Bays, and Sandy Point in the Straits of Magellan. A specimen 105 
mm. in total length from Laredo Bay taken as typical. It is the 
longest at hand. 

Head 32 in body length (0.29 to 0.32); depth 44 (0.19 to 0.22); 
eye 5 in head (0.06 to 0.075); snout 33 (0.07 to 0.085); maxillary 28 
(0.095 to 0.12); mandible 24 (0.11 to 0.13); width of interorbital 
space 53 (0.045 to 0.055); length of pectoral 14 (0.21 to 0.26); of 
ventral about 14 (0.22 to 0.24); depth of caudal peduncle 34 in head 
(0.08 to 0.095); length of combined dorsal bases 12 in body; of anal 
base 2; D. VI (or V), 28 (to 30); A. 28 (to 30); pectoral rays 22; 
scales with pores in upper lateral line 35 to 38; in lower 8 to 12; in 
longitudinal series 46 (45 to 50); in transverse 5+14; between in- 
sertion of dorsal and line of occiput 12 to 17; gill rakers 9+11 (18 
to 20). 

Head cottoid in shape, as deep as wide at opercles; widely arched, 
not strongly convex, from side to side; lower jaw but very slightly 
longer; lip usually as broad as suborbital; small teeth in a double 
band, outer series slightly enlarged; distance edge of velar flap from 
tip of lower jaw equal to two-thirds diameter of eye; upper side of 
eyeball exposed and pigmented; maxillary extending to below an- 
terior fourth of eye; posterior limb of preopercle vertical; distance 
eye to line of occiput greater than diameter of eye in adults. 

First dorsal inserted above pectoral base; interdorsal space equal 
to that between spines; distance from last ray to end of muscular 
part of tail two-thirds least depth of caudal peduncle; last dorsal ray 
over fourth from last of anal; longest dorsal spine 3 in head; longest 
ray 24 in head; anterior part of fin higher by a third than posterior; 


440 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


longest anal ray 3 in head, fin slightly lower posteriorly; pectoral 
rounded; ventrals just reaching anus; caudal rounded. 

Upper lateral line ending under fourth ray from last of second 
dorsal, and overlapping lower lateral line by four scales, sometimes 
not at all. 

Seales ctenoid; interorbital scaled to between nostrils in some 
specimens, but half in others, and often covered by widely scattered 
scales; frequently entirely naked as far back as occiput save for a 
single, occasionally deeply embedded, but constantly present, scale 
between anterior borders of eye; whole of opercle with scales as large 
as those on body, preopercle, interopercle, and subopercle naked; 
cheeks with minute scales above on area of varying extent; scales 
between occiput and dorsal one-fifteenth size of those on the body; 
space before each ventral base naked to isthmus. 

Color of majority of specimens much faded, leaving the first dorsal 
dark, the second dusky, and the anal with prominent oblique stripes; 
color of better preserved specimens variegated, especially in young; 


four irregular transverse bands on body margined with white, es- 


pecially laterally; remainder of body spotted with dark scales; 
upper surface of snout covered by sharply margined spots; a dark, 
somewhat indefinite band extending downward and backward from 
preorbital and another from center of eye, with lighter center; upper 
half of pectoral base traversed by irregular dark lines surrounding 
lighter area; a dark bar across base of caudal, fading distally on 
rays; dorsal with indistinct dark oblique stripes, those on anal much 
more distinct; caudal with several well-defined crossbars. 

The variation in the scaling of the head in this species is certainly 
remarkable, but it is evident enough that it is simply variation. All 
intergradations and degrees of scaling are to be seen, correlated with 
no other character as far as may be discovered. It is evident that 
Smitt was correct in calling his three ‘‘forms’’ members or parts of a 
single species, and Boulenger as plainly incorrect in referring the 
scaleless headed forms to Notothenia cornucola, as may be seen by 
reference to the differences between those species. 


Table of measurements 1 and counts of specimens of Notothenia sima Richardson with 
scaled and scaleless heads. 





Aiithor*smumber..-<-ceee<s-- 01-8 O1-O4|RAnalindys esac: cece eeeeeee 29 29 
Seales on back of head......-- None. | Present. || Scales in lateral line.......---- 38+11 34411 
Length to base of caudal.mm. . 85 85 || Scales in lateral series. ..-..---- 49 45 
Headiiongth's = asctesticwesocee 0.32 0.32 || Scales in tramsverse......---.- 17 18 
Bod yide@ptihen atten cect oe sees 221 =22' || Pectoral lenethyzt <5 oes 2222ee 0. 23 0. 22 
Bye diameter .0.s.2--0.s--- . 06 206: ||/sVentralitenpth 25-2 e-ceotor c= 23 - 20 
Snoutilengihy: = 2-2-2... 22... 08 .08 || Caudal peduncle depth..-....-- - 09 - 09 
Maxillary length.............- out .11 || Number of gillrakers.....-...- 9+11 8+10 
Tnterorbital width..........--- 05 .05 |} Distance snout to dorsal... .--- 0.31 0.30 
Dorsal spines..-...--- number. . VI VI || Seales occiput to dorsal... .---- 15 -16 
PVOPSALT AVS ccc cccio nesses dole: 29 27 || Distance snout to anus..-.-.-- - 50 . 49 


1 Measurements given in hundredths of body length. 


No. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 44] 








Table of measurements ! and counts of Notothenia sima Richardson, from Laredo Bay, 
Straits of Magellan. 





PAUIENOLS NUMDE 5. ojos eccececdeeecece tees 02-49 | 01-90 |} O1-71 } 02-41 | 02-46 | 02-45 02-5 
Length to base of caudal.............-.-- mm.. 43 44 44 51 60 68 70 
Body depths. 22s. 2sc-- 222.5 OS le nieoe eee 0. 21 0. 21 0. 22 0. 21 0. 20 0.195 0. 20 
Masilarylengtn. 2 c2--ccccccceccueeccmecnecse .10 .10 .10 10 .10 ell 1 
initenonpitaliwid this... -s2<cesecces sees ee ceee . 04 . 04 .05 . 05 045 . 045 . 045 
MOESAUSDINES 20) case ca tases eteae ese oones VI VI | IV(?) VI VI VI VI 
GaP AKerse. ceo. ess - ce Ser cee cece ao eeea eee X+11 8+10 | X+10 8+10 | 9+10 9+-10 9+11 
Seales between dorsaland occiput......-..-..-- 13 15 17 12 15 15 16 





1 Measurements in hundredths of the length to base of caudal. 
7. NOTOTHENIA SQUAMICEPS Peters. 
Plate 3, fig. 2. 
Notothenia squamiceps Peters Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Dec. 1876, p. 837. 
Punta Arenas (Straits of Magellan), in 1 or 2 fathoms. 

Description of 10 specimens from Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, and 
Port Churruca, in the Straits of Magellan; the longest specimen, 
67 mm. in total length, was used as typical. 

Head 34 (0.29 to 0.31) in total length to end of muscular part of tail; 
depth 34 (0.22 to 0.26); eye 4} in head (0.07 to 0.08 of body); snout 
34 (0.075 to 0.085); length of maxillary 24 (0.09 to 0.10); of mandible 
2% (0.11 to 0.125); width of interorbital space 44 (0.06 to 0.075); 
length of pectoral 13 in head (0.23 to 0.26); of ventral 14 (0.23 to 0.24); 
length of combined dorsal bases 1? in body without caudal; of anal 2; 
least depth of caudal peduncle 34 in head (0.09 to 0.10); D. VI (VI or 
VII), 26 (26 to 29); A. 29 (28 to 30); pectoral rays 22; scales with pores 
in upper lateral line 35 (31 to 38); in lower 6 (or 7); scales in longi- 
tudinal series 48 (46 to 49); in transverse from origin of anal obliquely 
forward and upward 4+ 12 (14 to 17); in series from occipital line of 
head to insertion of dorsal 9 (8 to 12); gill rakers 8+15 (7 or 8+13 
to 16). 

Head compressed, its depth at line of occiput one-third greater 
than its width at same point; without cottoid appearance of species 
allied to Notothenia longipes; body compressed, its width at base of 
pectorals nearly twice (1?) in its depth; interorbital space broad and 
somewhat arched; jaws nearly equal; upper limb of preopercle nearly 
vertical; interopercle in part completely overlapped; width of velar 
flap from tip of lower jaw equal to half diameter of eye; upper surface 
of eyeball but little exposed, eye looking nearly laterally; teeth in 
three rows anteriorly, a single one posteriorly; gill rakers not as long 
as pupil is wide. 

Dorsal insertion above pectoral base; interdorsal space as wide as 
one or two spaces between spines; last dorsal ray above fourth or 
fifth from last of anal, and distant from end of muscular part of tail 
by 14 least depth of caudal peduncle; pectorals rounded, ventrals 
extending much beyond anus; caudal broken in all specimens, 
probably rounded. 


“442 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Upper lateral line ending under third from last dorsal ray and 
failing to reach beginning of lower lateral line by seven or eight 
scales, although latter is continued by slightly pitted scales as far 
forward as pectorals, in same inconspicuous fashion as in other 
Notothenia. 

Scales roughly ctenoid; present on head, except on snout, pre- 
opercular limbs, preorbitals, and jaws; extending as far forward as 
anterior border of eyes on interorbital and as far as end of maxillary 
on cheeks; scales on interorbital as large as those on flanks and 
opercle, those on cheeks and space between dorsal and occiput 
smaller; space between and before ventrals scaled. 

Color uniform; spinous dorsal dark; soft dorsal with indistinct 
white stripes obliquely placed on a dark ground; anal similar, both 
anal and dorsal with last rays white or clear in a conspicuous way; 
caudal uniform, slightly dusky, as are pectorals and ventrals. 

The large scales on the forehead, the somewhat compressed head, 
much compressed body, and clear (or white) last rays in the soft 
dorsal and anal clearly differentiate this species from all others. 

The brief original description of the species offers but little secure 
ground for the determination of its relationships, and there may be 
room for doubt concerning the present identification. Peters’ species 
was at all events not the same as Notothenia sima, to which it has been 
referred by recent authors, as it differs from that species in numerous 
details. It has one more spine than is found in N. sima, a greater 
depth, shorter head, and different coloration. The present species 
seems to have a different coloration than that described by Peters, 
and the scales extend to the anterior edge of the eye instead of to the 
middle. It is not at all closely comparable to Notothenia tessellata, 
to which he compared his specimens.’ 

The recording of this species from Mayne Harbor extends the 
range of this species from Sandy Point (Punta Arenas) to Hanover 
Island on the western coast. 


Table of measurements? and counts of Notothenia squamiceps Peters. 





Artthor's number e. \. sae. scott oe sats 01-60 | 01-53 | 02-50} O1-61 | 01-62) 01-13 01-59 


ength'to: base.of caudally: 3. 26-262 55555- es. 38 40 40 46 50 54 58 
Bodysdeptho-c.ne ae este sense eee eae 1 .0)22 0325)| 0:25 0.23 |} 0.24 0. 26 0. 25 

Maxillary ilencine seco seis oe eee ee ene .09 .09 - 095 .09 - 095 - 095 -10 

Interorbitaliwidthises acces mae nees teen eee | . 06 - 06 - 06 .07 .075 -07 - 075 
Dorsalispinese hee wan ak somes c ee ee see VI VI Vil VII VII VII Vil 
Millrakersh= G2 5255 SUL wee erek deeeoee | X+13 | X+15 7+16 | 8414 74+14 | X+15 X+15 
Scales between occiput and dorsal.......-....- 12 (?) 10 8 8 10 9 





1 The following is the original description of Notothenia sguamiceps Peters: 

“T), 7-28; A. 30; Lin. Lat. 51; tr. 3/13. 

“ Kérperhohe zur Totalliinge wie 1:44. Der Kopf, dessen Liinge die Kérperhéhe kaum tibertrifft, hat die 
Backen der Kiemendeckel und die Interorbitalgegend bis vor die Mitte beschuppt. 

“Hellbraun. Brustflossengelblick. Bauchflossenin der Mitte der Oberseiteschwarz. Die Senkrechten 
Flossen schwarz gefleckt und gebiindert, auf der vorderen Hiilfte der Analflosse etwas unregelmiissige 
schwarz Liingsbinden. auf der Schwanzflosse schwarze Querbinden. 

“Dieser Art stimmt durch die Beschuppung des Kopfes am meisten mit N. tessellata Richardson tiberein, 
bei welche aber dieselbe vorn noch iiber die Augen hinausragt, und welche ausserdem viel kleinere Schup- 
pen, 66 bis 70in der Seitenlinie und eine andere Flossenstrahl hat.” 

2 Measurements in hundredths of length to base of caudal. 

8 Localities: Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, 01-60, 01-61, 01-62, 01-13, 01-59; Port Churruca, Straits of Magel- 
lan, 01-53, 02-50. 


ea a el ae tk 


a 


no. 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 448 





8. NOTOTHENIA RAMSAYI Regan. 

Notothenia ramsayi REGAN, Scottish Antarctic Expedition, Trans. Roy. Soc. 
Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), 1913, pp. 239 and 267, pl. 7, fig. 1. Burd- 
wood Bank and Isthmus Bay, Magellan Straits (56 and 14 fathoms). 

“Depth of body 4 to 54 in the length of the fish, length of head 
about 34. Diameter of eye 4 to 44 in the length of the head, inter- 
orbital width 44 to 7. Jaws equal anteriorly; maxillary extending to 
below anterior one-fourth of eye; cheeks, opercles, and upper surface 
of head, to between the nostrils, scaly; 21 to 25 gill rakers on lower 
part of anterior arch. Dorsal VII (VIII), 34-36. Anal 32-34. 
Pectoral from less than three-fifths to two-thirds length of head; 
pelvics as long, extending to vent or to anal fin. Caudal rounded or 
subtruncate. Caudal peduncle as long as deep or deeper than long, 
its least depth one-fourth to two-sevenths the length of the head. 
Sixty to seventy-two scales in a longitudinal series, from above base 
of pectoral to caudal fin; 46 to 54 in upper lateral line, which almost 
reaches the caudal; 8 to 17 in lower lateral line. <A lateral series of 
5 to 7 dark blotches or vertical bars.” (Regan.) 


9. NOTOTHENIA JORDANI, new species. 
Plate 3, fig. 3. 


Described from numerous specimens taken at Albatross stations 
2769, 2773, 2774, and 2775, respectively located as follows: Off the 
Gulf of St. George, off Cape Virgins, just south of Cape Virgins, and 
between Cape Virgins and First Narrows in the Straits of Magellan. 
All are badly preserved and brittle except the type from station 2773, 
a specimen 125 mm in total length, author’s number 01-10, and Cat. 
No. 76855, U.S.N.M. Extremes of measurements in hundredths of 
body lengths of paratypes given in parentheses after the respective 
measurements of the type. 

Head 32 in length to base of caudal (0.27 to 0.31); depth 42 (0.17 to 
0.22); eye 44 in head (0.065 to 0.08); snout 3} (0.07 to 0.08); length 
of maxillary 22 (0.095 to 0.10); of mandible 23 (0.12 or 0.13); width 
of interorbital space 54 (0.05 to 0.065); length of pectoral 12 (0.21 to 
0.25); of ventral 14 (0.19 to 0.23); of longest spine of first dorsal 14; 
least depth of caudal peduncle 32 (0.07 to 0.08); length of combined 
dorsal bases 14 in body; of anal 25; D. VII (VII or VIII), 35; A. 
32 (31 to 33); pectoral rays 23; scales with pores in upper lateral line 
46 (43 to 47), in lower lateral line 16 (8 to 16); in lateral series 62 (58 
to 62); in transverse from anal insertion obliquely forward and 
upward 5+15; gill rakers 14+24 (= 35 to 38). 

Width of head at preopercle nearly equal to its depth; width of 
body at pectorals two-thirds its depth; lower jaw slightly longer than 
upper; maxillary ending under anterior third of eye; interorbital 
space broad, flat; upper surface of eyeballs only slightly exposed; 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





angle of preopercle overlapping interopercle entirely at one place; 
breadth of velar flap measured from tip of lower jaw half diameter of 
eye; teeth small, in a band 4 or 5 series wide anteriorly, narrowing 
on either side, none enlarged, rows subequal; gill rakers fine and 
longer than usual, 24 to 3 in eye. 

First dorsal inserted in advance of pectoral base, its rays long and 
reaching to sixth of second dorsal; latter nearly one and one-half 
times as high anteriorly as posteriorly, longest ray one-half to two- 
thirds those of first dorsal; dorsal termination above third from last 
anal ray, which is nearly depth of caudal peduncle from end of fleshy 
portion of tail; ventrals extending nearly to or slightly beyond anus; 
pectoral ron ded: 

Upper lateral line extending slightly tesa last dorsal ray, over- 
lapping lower lateral line with eight of its scales. 

Scales very roughly ctenoid, even on dorsal surface of head; 
present everywhere save on lips, snout, and lower jaw; extending to 
between anterior border of eyes on interorbital space, to end of max- 
illary on cheeks, not present on interopercle and limbs of preopercle; 
scales on dorsum of head as large as those on flanks, as are those on 
opercle; on cheeks and space between occiput and dorsal somewhat 
smaller; area before and between ventrals scaled. 

Color pattern striking; four pairs of irregular dark stripes trans- 
verse to body, inclined posteriorly somewhat above lateral line, 
and continued on dorsal as black spots; these fading ventrally; a 
dark patch in center of caudal peduncle; a yellowish brown stripe as 
wide as pupil running from occiput in a curve to median line of body 
and thence to center of caudal; no color pattern observable on head; 
first dorsal dusky; second with indications of longitudinal stripes, 
and black spots continued from body stripes to half height of rays; 
anal appears to have dusky markings and clear margin; pectoral with 
diffuse blotch across upper part of base; ventrals clear. 

Named for Dr. D. S. Jordan, of Stanford University. 

The striking features of this species are the following: A high first 
dorsal; large roughly ctenoid scales on head; black spots on second 
dorsal; and long, fine gill rakers. It is probably most closely related 
to Notothenia longipes and N. tessellata, but is very distinct from 
either. 

Our specimens differ from the description given by Regan of 
Notothenia ramsayi in the following characters: The scales do not 
extend as far forward as the nostrils in any of our numerous speci- 
mens and they are very large on the interorbital space, three of them 
forming a transverse series from eye to eye; and the lower jaw is 
slightly longer. From his plate the following differences may be 
noted, although they may possibly not hold when the species are 
directly compared: The preopercle overlaps the interopercle entirely 


CO 


No. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 445 





at one place in our specimens (a good character generally); the first 
dorsal is much higher (in adults and young); and the second dorsal 
has black blotches, very prominent, instead of being plain. In N. 
ramsayi Regan the scales on the interorbital space are shown very 
small, eight or nine in transverse series from eye to eye, and this 
character may especially be used to differentiate the two. 












































N. jordani. 
PIG NOMS MUM Den tas oe oe cet Leck duemeisic aces aes ec 01-10 | 01-45 | O1-51 ] 01-57] 01-58 01-56 
Menpinitowoase Of Caudal - oo. ccc scot Seen seein mm.. 110 111 57 53 43 42 
MPV CRO ISINIOLOR ==, os) tad e/loete eras cist ie oi sipeieininia's srwieln siasnee 0.065 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 
WACTOLOLINFCROLDItAl 52 ioc coca ccc cn oc comssenice sass 0.05 0.05 | 0.065 0.06 | 0.055 0.06 
Worse lis pimes donee ose See enn eb aecoksalnscinceeeciiascn VII VII | VIII vil VII VII 
PcAlesdiuateral mes see sate occ ante wenewie coma anes 46+16 | 47+8 (?) 45+13 | 434+?) 43411 
Nealesam lALeral SCLICS:<% Jc.ceccce.cece~ siete ccecsienecs ce 62 (?) 60 58 60 58 
Pectoral length.......-..- 0.21 0. 23 0. 23 0. 23 0. 25 0. 23 
Seal) AOL Sees eae eecig ses cine cole ai aaccowis os ceeenas 14424 | 12423 | 11424 | 14+24 | x+25 x+24 
N. longipes. 
AIH Ors MUM per US oo 68 2 ele e in e's = 02-25 | 02-35 | 02-19} 02-21] 02-22] 02-20] 02-23 02-36 
Length to base of caudal. - . mm.. 120 105 101 97 92 85 75 70 
HVC GIAMOtCN . - <2 ccc scice acca wens 0.08 | 0.085 0.08 0. 09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 
Width of interorbital.........-....-.. 0.045 0. 045 0.04 0.04 0.04 0. 085 0.035 0. 035 
WOMENS PIMeS ese ea aiaca tem cmos 3 VI VI VI VI VI VI VI VI 
Scales in lateral lines................. 51+11 | 53413 | 53+10 (?) 52+7 | 51+10 | 538+12 50+9 
Scalesiimlateraliseres. 2.2 <-crceese- “4 74 69 69 70 74 70} (2?) 
Pectoral leneth. 2.522 5--e20 ccc ce sess 0.20 0. 20 0.19 0. 20 0.19 0.19 (?) 0.21 
GHIA GTS Soca. 8 Ses a cjnminpanc.a cralacre aioe 10+18 | 12+20 | 12+20 | 10+18 | 10+19 | 13+19 | 104+19 | 11418 
N. jordani. 
PATIMOON SiMMNVOCN 22 o- = jenjen ec = cies we 01-45 01-10 01-51 01-57 01-58 01-56 
Length to caudal base.......--...--. mm. . 111 110 57 HH} 43 42 
Vey SOE ATs Vipe es wheres om siisicta oto eas aialeici<jeininime:efaispeicid 0.095 0.095 0.095 0.095 0.10 0.10 
WOU Genet = teenie cae sincscecsces cee. = 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 
IDOLSALT AVS es a ccic-o2 as eisiecoescen ee dsiecies = VII,33 | VII,35 | VIII,35 | VII,35 | VII,35 VII, 35 
Scales in lower lateral line..........--.---- 8 16 (?) 13 (?) 11 
SealesinSenieSs.5.-co-cesemcescc cnn ce soesee (2?) 62 60 58 60 58 
Warr raMen eter 22 ce ce eeersncaae Sens sos 0. 20 0.19 0.195 0. 21 0. 23 0. 23 
GUA KCIse ne, sacacicS <nacemse ence veces ees 12+23 14424 11424 14424 x+25 x+24 
Seales between dorsal and occiput......--- 12 10 12 12 11 11 
N. tessellata. 

Author’s number ?__........-..- 02-44 01-47 01-18 01-54 02-37 02-38 02-39 
Length to caudal base. ...mm. - 110 97 84 53 55 50 44 
Maxillary cioccsccieciaccendses~< 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.095 0.10 0.095 
Mandi bless tace: oskccn-cc onesie 0.12 0.115 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.13 
Worsall Tavs seme = Jece cen cce =e VI, 32 VI, 33 VI, 32 VI, 34 VI,32 VI, 32 VI, 33 
Scales in lower lateral line... .-. 8 8 9 6 8 d i 
Scales in series......-........--- Cd 74 73 76 69 74 We 
Wentrallenpti 2: ..ccceccccs sce 0.18 0.18 0.21 (in ele eeeeaee 0.19 0.18 
Gailitakere- Se see ss oct - es 8+13 9+13 9+13 9+13 9+14 8+14 9+13 
Seales between dorsal and occi- 

Dilteerer a to .c oe dace se ceee cme 16 15 (?) (?) 16 16 15 


1 Localities as follows: N. jordani: Cape Virgins, 01-51, 01-10, 01-57, 01-58; between First Narrows and 
Cape Virgins (Magellan Straits), 01-56; off the Gulf of St. George, 01-45 (Albatross station 2769). N.longipes: 
All from Albatross station 2770, near Hilly Point and Cape Watchmap, east coast of Patagonia. 

2 Localities: N. jordani: See note to preceding tables (N. jordani and longipes). WN. tessellata: Sandy 
Point, Straits of Magellan, 02-44, 01-47; Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, 01-18, 02-39, 02-38, 02-39; Port Chur- 
ruca, Straits of Magellan, 01-54. 

10. NOTOTHENIA LONGICAUDA, new species. 


Plate 4, fig. 1. 


? Notothenia cyanobranchia VAILLANT, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, 1907, p. 26. Orange 
Bay (not NV. cyanobranchia Richardson). 

Notothenia brevicauda ReGAan, Scottish National Antarctic Exped. Trans. Roy. 
Soc. of Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), 1913, pp. 239 and 269. Port William 
and Port Stanley (Falkland Islands). 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Described from seven specimens taken at Albatross station 2771, off 
Cape Redondo, Patagonia; one from Gregory Bay; and one from 
Island Harbor, Patagonia, the last taken as the type Cat. No. 76856, 
U.S.N.M. The type (78 mm. in body length) is the only specimen 
in a good state of preservation; the others are shrunken and brittle 
from strong alcohol. The longest specimen is 110 mm. in total 
length. 

Head 32 (0.28 to 0.30) in length to base of caudal; depth of body 
54 (0.19 to 0.21); eye 4 in head (0.07 to 0.08); snout 32 (0.07 to 0.08); 
length of maxillary 3 (0.09 to 0.10); of mandible 24 (0.10 to 0.12); 
width of interorbital space 64 (0.035 to 0.045); length of pectoral 
18 (0.18 to 0.20); of ventral 14 (0.18 to 0.20); depth of caudal 
peduncle 31 (0.07 to 0.08); D. V, 36 (85); A. 33 (82 or 33); pectoral 
rays 24; scales with pores in upper lateral line 48 (47 to 50); in 
lower 5 (0 to 7); in lateral series 65 (65 to 75); in transverse series 
from insertion of anal obliquely forward and upward 4+18 (21 to 
26); gill rakers 9+16 (30 to 34). 

Width of head equal to its depth; maxillary ending under anterior 


third of eye; interorbital narrow; upper surface of eye exposed and. 


colored; jaws nearly equal; teeth in four rows anteriorly in both 
jaws, outer row only slightly enlarged; width of velar fold measured 
from tip of lower jaw slightly more than half diameter of eye; least 
depth of preorbital 34 in eye. 

Insertion of dorsal over pectoral base; distance from last dorsal 
rays to end of muscular part of tail equal to depth of caudal peduncle; 
last dorsal ray over next to last anal ray; height of first dorsal equal 
to diameter of eye; of second 22 in head, but slightly lower pos- 
teriorly; anal height nearly equal throughout, equal to that of first 
dorsal; ventrals extending to anus; pectorals rounded; caudal 
rounded. 

Upper lateral line approaching to within three or four scales of end 
of muscular part of tail; lower very short, or absent, overlapped two 
scales by upper lateral line. 

Seales present on interorbital space to between anterior border of 
eyes, but absent on line of occiput over occipital tube of lateral line 
organs, a small bare space of greater or less extent also present before 
it in median line; scales on cheeks and opercles as in Notothenia 
longipes, absent on snout, jaws, limbs of preopercle, and interopercle; 
present on subopercle. 

Color very dark, without definite pattern on body; dorsal and anal 
very dark, latter nearly black; ventrals dusky; pectorals and caudal 
clear; branchiostegal membrane very dark, margin clear. 

There are none of the characteristic markings of Notothenia longipes 
visible, and the anatomical characters which distinguish it from that 


a 


NO. 21383. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 447 


species are the following: Absence of scales on the occipital line and 
on the interopercle, fewer scales with pores in the lower lateral line, 
and but five spines instead of six. The eye in specimens of a size is 
markedly smaller in NV. longicauda, new species. 

From JN. brevicauda Lonnberg this species differs in the much longer 
and more slender caudal peduncle, the higher fins, and a number of 
other different measurements as far as can be judged from the plate. 
Regan‘ ignores the great depth of the caudal peduncle in NV. brevi- 
cauda, and identifies what is apparently the present species as that 
form. He, however, gives no character by which his specimens may 
be differentiated from Notothenia longipes of Steindachner save the 
number of dorsal spines, and it is on this character that his form is 
here identified as NV. longicauda rather than NV. longipes. Loénnberg’s 
plate and his text emphasize the depth of the peduncle in such fashion 
that it is impossible to ignore it, in addition to the other apparent 
differences to be seen from the plate. If the plate can be trusted, the 
preorbital is deeper than usual, scales are lacking on the subopercle, 
and the interdorsal space is not wider than that between two spines. 
In all these characters it differs from the present species, as also from 
N. longipes. There is not the slightest tendency to vary in such a 
marked way in any of the numerous specimens of Notothenia longipes 
at hand or in those of the present species. 


Votothenia longipes. 





Author’s number.? 


02-23 02-36 | 02-20 02-22 02-21 02-19 02-35 
Length to caudal base. ...mm. . 75 70 | 85 92 97 101 105 
Bodyidepthu...2--=- 2.08... 0. 165 0.16 | 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.16 
Eye diameter........-......-.-. 0.10 0.11 | 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0. 085 
Morsaleectse es sel ee shel s VI, 34 VI, 36 | VI, 34 VI,35 VI, 36 VI,35 VI,36 
Pirin ieee San ee 33 34 34 33 34 34 34 
Seales in lateral line........... 53-+12 50+9 | 51+? 52+7 (?) 53+10 53+13 
| 








Notothenia longicauda. 





Author’s number.? 
01-81 01-82 O1-85 01-84 01-83 01-80 01-43 





Length to caudal base. ...mm..| 72 73 80 82 





83 100 100 
Body depth............-...---- 0.19 0. 20 0. 20 0.20 0.19 0.21 0. 20 
BVO GIAMeter...--.sccse.5.-ce5- 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08 
Morsdl eee sea ccce- ince See cincests V,35 Vi500 V,35 V,34 V,35 V,35 V,35 
Anal......- Seren aiata:s Siale ware cea. 32 32 33 33 32 33 33 
Scales in lateral line..........-. 50+5 49+5 49+0 49+6 47+6 494-7 50+? 


1 Scottish Antarctic Expedition, p. 269. 
2 Localities: N. longipes all from Albatross station 2770, near Hilly Point and Cape Watchmap, on east 
coast of Patagonia. N. longicauda from Albatross station 2771, north of Cape Virgins. 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





11. NOTOTHENIA BREVICAUDA Lénnberg. 
Notothenia brevicauda LONNBERG, Swedish South Polar Expedition, Wissensch. 
Ergeb. Schwed. Stidpolar Exp., vol. 5, 1905, Lief. 6, p. 6, Ushuaia, 10 meters 

(not VV. brevicauda Regan). 

The very short and deep caudal peduncle of this species appears 
entirely distinctive; in other regards it seems to be related to Noto- 
thenia longicauda, new species, differing slightly in body depth and 
height of fins. No specimens are at hand which answer Lénnberg’s 
description. 

HD Vi Boras 326 Sq 466: 

‘‘Head moderately compressed, extensively scaly all over except 
on snout to above nostrils and preorbital. Body rather strongly com- 
pressed. Depth of body four and four-fifth times in total length 
without caudal. Length of head three and one-half times in total 
length without caudal. Diameter of eye four times in length of head. 
Interorbital width about seven times in length of head. Snout a 
little longer than diameter of eye. Upper lateral line with 45 to 46 
tubular scales, lower lateral line with only 5 to 6 tubular scales, but 
in, front of them may be counted a great number of pitted scales, on 
one side 20. First dorsal basally somewhat connected with second. 
Longest ray of former shorter than longest ray of latter, which is 
equal to half the length of the head. Longest anal rays about one- 
third length of head. Pectoral rounded about two-thirds length of 
head, reaching beyond origin of anal. Ventral about five-sevenths 
length of head, reaching beyond origin of anal. Caudal very strongly 
rounded. Caudal peduncle much deeper than long, so short that 
anal as well as second dorsal when laid back reach beyond the same, 
its depth not even contained twice in length of head. Anal and 
ventral fins as well as gill-membrane dusky.’ (Lénnberg.) 

12. NOTOTHENIA TESSELLATA Richardson. 

Notothenia tessellata Richarpson, Voyage Erebus and Terror, Fishes, London, 
1846, p. 19, pl. 12, figs. 3 and 4. Falkland Islands.—GtnrTueEr, Cat. Fish Brit. 
Mus., vol. 2, p. 260, after Richardson.—CunnineHAM, Voyage of H. M. S. 
Nassau, Trans. Linn. Soc., vol. 27, 1871, p.469. Punta Arenas and Fortune 
Bay (west coast of Patagonia) —SrrinDACHNER, Ich. Beitr., vol. 3, Sitzb. d. 
k. Akad. d. Wiss. Wien., vol. 72, I Abth. Juni Heft, 1875, p. 44. Straits of 
Magellan, Punta Arenas, Port Gallant, Puerto Bueno, and Chile-—Prrvueta, 
Ann. Mus. Genova (2), vol. 10, 1891, p. 18. Brecknock Pass and Straits of 
Magellan.—VamLant, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, 1882-1883, vol. 6, Zoologie, 
1891, p. 24, ‘‘Fuegie’’; Smitt, Bih. Svenska Akad., vol. 23, IV, No. 3, 1897, 
p. 25 (part, forma microps). Tierra del Fuego.—DeEtrin, Catalogo de los Peces 
de Chile, Revista Chilena, vols. 3 and 4, 1900, p. 86 (part, forma microps).— 
Do11o, Voyage du 8S. Y. Belgica, Zoologie, Antwerp, 1904, p. 79. ‘‘Hope Har- 
bor (Clarence Island, Magdalena Sound).’’—L6NnNnBERG, Wissensch. Ergeb. 
Schwed. Siidpolar. Exp., vol. 5, Lief 6, 1905, p. 6. Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego. 
Hamburger Magalhaenische Sammelreise, 1907, p. 9. Smyth Channel (eight 
localities) Punta Arenas and Ushuaia.—Ree@an, Scottish Antarctic Exped. 
Trans. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, vol. 47, pt..2, No. 2, 1913, p. 268. 

?Notothenia veitchiti GUNTHER, Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. 14 (4), 1874, p. 370. Chonos 
Archipelago, Chile. 


No. 2138. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 449 





Notothenia acuta StEINDACHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., vol. 4, 
1898, p. 303. Cape Espirito Santo.—DeE.rin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, 
Revista Chilena, vols. 3 and 4, 1900, p. 86 (after Steindachner). 

Notothenia brevipes LONNBERG Wissensch. Ergeb. Schwed. Siidpolar Exp., vol. 
5, 1905, p. 15. Falkland Islands. 

Description of very numerous specimens (250) from Sandy Point, 
Port Churruca, Gregory Bay, and Laredo Bay in the Straits of 
Magellan; Otter Bay in Smyth Channel; Port Grappler; and Mayne 
Harbor, Patagonia. Specimens of this species were taken from the 
stomach of a “hake” in Borja Bay in the Straits of Magellan. A 
mature specimen 240 mm. in total length is used as the type of the 
description, with the range of 20 specimens given in parentheses. 

Head, 32 in body length to base of caudal (0.30 to 0.33); depth, 5 
(0.18 to 0.20); eye, 4? in head (0.055 to 0.07); snout, 33 (0.07 to 0.09); 
maxillary, 24 (0.095 to 0.13); mandible, 25 (0.115 to 0.145); width 
of interorbital space, 6 (0.04 to 0.055); length of pectoral, 14 (0.22 to 
0.24); of ventral, 12 (0.17 to 0.20); depth of caudal peduncle, 3% (0.07 
to 0.08); length of combined dorsal bases, 12 in body; of anal base, 2; 
D. (VI or) VII, 33 (82 to 34); A. (32 or) 33; pectoral rays, 24; scales 
with pores in upper lateral line 48, in lower 11 (41 to 49+6 to 13); 
scales in longitudinal series, 77 (69 to 80); in a transverse series from 
origin of anal obliquely forward and upward 7 + 22; between insertion 
of dorsal and line of occiput, 17 (15 to 19); gill rakers, 8+ 14 (21 to 24). 

Head slightly depressed, with wide mouth, slightly cottoid in 
shape, its width a trifle greater than its depth; lips thick; interor- 
bital space narrow, flat, or slightly concave; lower jaw longest, pro- 
jecting in front of upper; velar fold measured from tip of lower jaw 
two-thirds of, or equal to, eye diameter; teeth in a loose double row, 
in front enlarged somewhat, behind small; upper surface of eyeball 
exposed and pigmented; upper limb of preopercle inclined back- 
ward toward angle; gill rakers short. 

First dorsal inserted above pectoral base, connected slightly at 
base by membrane with first ray of second, from which its last spine 
is as far distant as the space between two spines; second dorsal ter- 
minates above third from last anal ray; depth of caudal peduncle 
greater than distance from last anal ray to last of muscular part of 
caudal peduncle; longest dorsal spine 3 in head; rays subequal, 34 in 
head; anal similar, rays 4 in head, the posterior rays somewhat 
longer; ventrals extending nearly to anus; pectorals rounded; caudal 
margin convex. 

Upper lateral line ending five scales before end of muscular part of 
tail; lower line usually short and but slightly overlapped by the upper. 

Scales on dorsal surface of head and occiput in adults frequently 
appearing nonimbricated, those on cheeks concealed; scales not 
always rough to the touch except on belly and lower side of flanks, 
and never roughly ctenoid as in Notothenia longipes; scales present 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——29 


450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





on head to between anterior border of eyes, the scaly area ending in 
point midway between them, not extending along upper anterior 
border of orbits; scales present on whole of cheeks to a point opposite 
least depth of preorbital; no scales on interopercle; those on space 
between occiput and dorsal small as are those on interorbital; snout 
and jaws naked as are limbs of preopercle; area before and between 
ventrals scaled. 

Color variegated; body with five irregular bars or Y-shaped sad- 
dles much broken, a light line along median level of flank, fading into 
light below; head and dorsal part of body with many small spots as 
large as scales of greater or less distinctness; an indistinct bar run- 
ning backward and downward from postero-ventral border of eye, 
fading distally; spinous dorsal dusky, a large black spot on last spines; 
soft dorsal with narrow semihorizontal stripes most oblique pos- 
teriorly; tip of each ray clear; pectorals covered proximally with 
small spots arranged in transverse rows, these fading on distal part 
of fin; ventrals sometimes slightly dusky; anal submargined with 
dark, with clear base and whitish margin; caudal with narrow irregu- 
lar transverse bands, darker and wider nearest the tip, and with a 
clear or white margin. 

Lonnberg (Magalhaenische Sammelreise, p. 9), remarks: 

Die Farbung dieser Art ist etwas abwechselnd, was wohl mit der Beschaffenheit 
des Bodens zusammenhanet. Es finden sich die folgenden Angaben hieriiber auf den 
Etiketten: ‘‘Bauch schmutzig-weisz, Seiten Gelblich, auf den Ricken griinbraune 
Flecken” (Puerto Bueno); ‘‘Hellbraun mit dunkeln Flecken, Bauch goldgelb” 
(Smyth Channel); ‘‘Grau-wasserig mit Schwarzen Flecken” (Port Grappler). 

Notothenia veitchii Ginther varies greatly in scale count and anal 
rays (“D. VI, 32; A. 28; L. lat. ca. 88”) but Boulenger is here fol- 
lowed, as the types of the species are presumably in the British 
Museum and examined by him. There is no doubt that Steindach- 
ner’s specimens of NV. acuta are the present form, as the type of that 
species has larger eyes and a decidedly narrow interorbital space 
(10 to 11 in head, according to Boulenger, not 5 as given by Stein- 
dachner for his specimens). 

Some of the differences between this species and Notothenia longi- 
cauda are shown in the attached tables, and more are to be found in 
the coloration. The absence of the scales along the line of the 
occiput in N. longicauda is a striking difference. 








Notothenia tessellata. 








AITO s num pen!: ese era eee 01-54 | 02-42} 02-43 | 02-40 02-41 | O1-18 |} 01-47 02-44 
Length of caudal base. ......mm.. 53 67 78 78 80 84 97 110 
Eye diameter. . 0. 07 0.07 0.07 0.07 | 0.065} 0.065 0. 06 
Maxillary -. 0.10 0. 10 0.11 0. 10 0.11 0.10 0.10 
Dorsal rays. . VI, 33 | VI, 33 | VI, 32| VII, 33 | VI,32 | VI,33) VI, 32 
IANA TAS. oe Seca 32 32 32 33 32 32 33 
Seales in lateral line 47+6 | 47+6]| 46+7 45+8 | 48+9]| 48+8 48+8 
Rectoralilength:=ss6s- 825. 2a eo ne ND 0. 24 0. 23 0. 24 0. 22 0. 23 0. 22 0. 23 


Gillrakcors ees 2K | § 3| 9413 | 9412| 8413 9413 | 9413] 9+13] 8+13 





1Localities: N. tessellata: Port Churruca, Straits of Magellan, 01-54; Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, 02-42, 
02-43, 02-40, 02-41, 01-18, 01-47; Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan, 02-44. NV. longicawda: all from Albatross 
station 2771, north of Cape Virgins. 


No. 2188. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 451 








N. longicauda. 





ATITHON SUM DOr ts eee 2s s cce eeekekcaece 01-81 | 01-82} 01-85 01-84 | 01-83 | 01-80 01-43 


Length of caudal base...............- mm. . 72 73 80 82 83 100 100 
ye diameter. <2. 57.0.5 G- ces ececceene 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08 
Mascllary..-<--.c--<<ee 5 Sara MR ey er Sener 0. 10 0.09 0. 10 0.095 | 0.095 0.10 0.10 
MOIsAMTAy Stee te ee V,35| V,35| V,35]| V,34?/ V,35] V,35| V,35 
DSSTU EU IU AG SMe ae a pe sah Soars ares Branca SOE 32 32 33 33 32 33 BB 
Scales in lateral lines.............. chee Ars 50+5 | 49+5] 49+0 49+6] 4746] 49+7 50+? 
Wrechoral len ethics. 22 ot ooo staan saan see 0.19 0.18 (?) 0. 20 0.18 0.18 0. 20 
Gillrakers. ....... Acinitageae Stasercjard Stee 5 sNalenstars's 11419 | 11420 | 10+19 11421 | 12+19 | 10+21 14+-20 


1 Localities: WN. tessellata: Port Churruca, Straits of Magellan, 01-54; Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, 02-42, 
02-43, 02-40, 02-41, 01-18, 01-47; Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan, 02-44. N. longicauda: All from Albaiross 
station 2771, North of Cape Virgins. 

13, NOTOTHENIA TRIGRAMMA Regan. 
Notothenia trigramma Reaan, Scottish Antarctic Exped., Trans. Royal Soc. 
Edinburgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), 1913, pp. 239 and 266, pl. v1, fig. 2. Port 
Stanley, Falklands. 


“Depth of the body 5 in the length, length of head 4. Diameter 
of the eye 5 in the length of the head and equal to the interorbital 
width. Lower jaw projecting; maxillary extending to below an- 
terior third of eye; upper surface of head, except snout, cheeks, and 
opercles scaly; 15 gill rakers on lower part of anterior arch. Dorsal 
VI, 34. Anal 32. Pectoral longer than pelvics, two-thirds as long as 
head, extending to above anal. Caudal rounded. About 85 scales 
in a lateral longitudinal series, 65 in upper lateral line, which nearly 
reaches caudal, 13 in line in middle of tail, and 40 to 45 in a third 
lower lateral line, which is separated by 4 or 5 longitudinal series 
of scales from the base of the anal fin. Brownish; fins darker. 

“Port Stanley, Falklands. 

“Total length, 280 mm.’’ (Regan.) 

The plate shows the interorbital space to be covered with small 
scales. 


14. NOTOTHENIA LONGIPES Steindachner. 

Notothenia longipes StEINDACHNER, Ichth. Beitr., vol. 3, Sitzb. d. k. Akad. d. 
Wiss. Wien, vol. 72, I Abth. Juni Heft, 1875, p. 42, pl. 6, fig. rechts, Straits 
of Magellan and west coast of Patagonia.—Giinruzr, Challenger, Shore Fishes 
1880, p. 21. Messier Channel (345 fathoms), Port Famine (10 to 15 fathoms), 
Cape Virgins (55 fathoms).—Prruaia, Ann. Mus. Genova (2), vol. 10, 1891, 
p- 17 (of separate). Brecknock Pass.—Vai~uant, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, 
1882-1883, vol. 6, Zoologie, Poissons, 1888, p. 25. Orange Bay.—Jorpan, 
List of Fishes obtained in the harbor of Bahia, Brazil, and in adjacent waters, 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 13, 1890, p. 335. Southern Patagonia.—STeIn- 
DACHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., vol. 4, 1898, p. 304. Smyth 
Channel, Patagonia (not N. mizops Giinther)—BovLEencER, Southern 
Cross, 1902, p. 183 (part, not WN. squamifrons Giinther).—LONNBERG, Wis- 
sensch. Ergeb. Schwed. Siidpolar Exped., vol. 5, Lief. 6, 1905, p.15. Falk- 
land Islands.—Reean, Scottish Antarctic Exped., Trans. Royal Soc. Edin- 
burgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), 1913, p. 269. Patagonia and Magellan Straits. 

Notothenia tessellata forma megalops Smirt, Bih. Svenska Akad., vol. 23, IV, 
No. 3, 1897, p. 25 (not synonymy).—DeE rin, Catalogo de los Peces de Chile, 
Revista Chilena, vols. 3 and 4, 1900, p. 86 (part, forma megalops). 


452 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





? Notothenia squamifrons VAILLANT, Mission Sci. Cap Horn, vol. 6, Zoologie, 1. 
Poissons, 1891, p. 24. Orange Bay. 

Notothenia wiltoni ReGan,.Scottish Antarctic Exped., Trans. Royal Soc. Edin- 
burgh, vol. 49, pt. 2 (No. 2), 1913, p. 268, pl. 7, figs. 2, 2a. Orange Bay, Straits 
of Magellan, Port Stanley, and Port Williams (Falklands), and on Burdwood 
Bank. 

Description of numerous specimens (nearly 75) from Albatross sta- 
tion 2787, at Otter Bay, Smyth Channel; Sandy Point, Laredo Bay, 
and Port Churruca in the Straits of Magellan; Port Grappler, Pata- 
gonia; Albatross station 2770, near Hilly Point and Cape Watchmap, 
on the east coast of Patagonia, and station 2771 near Cape Virgins, 
in 50 fathoms. The measurements in parentheses of the extremes 
of variation were taken from 30 specimens. The typical specimen 
is 250 mm. in total length: 

Head 34 (0.29 to 0.31) in body length; depth 54 (0.15 to 0.21) in 
same; eye 4 in head (0.07 to 0.11); snout 34 (0.07 to 0.08) ; maxillary 
22 (0.095 to 0.12); mandible 2% (0.105 to 0.12); width of interorbital 
space 6 (0.035 to 0.05); length of pectoral 13 (0.18 to 0.22); of ven- 
tral 12 (0.17 to 0.21); depth of caudal peduncle 4 in head (0.07 to 
0.08); length of combined dorsal bases 18 in body (0.64 to 0.67); of 
anal base 2 (0.47 to 0.52); D. VI (very rarely VII), 35 (34 to 36); A. 33 
(31 to 34); pectoral rays 26 (24 to 26); scales with pores in upper 
lateral line 49 (47 to 53); in lower lateral line 7 to 17; in longitudinal 
series 75 (69 to 78) ; in transverse from origin of anal obliquely upward 
and forward 21 (20 to 22); between insertion of dorsal and line of 
occiput 12 (10 to 15); gill rakers 10+ 17 (22 to 32). 

Head somewhat cottoid in shape, its width equal to depth at 
opercles; interorbital space flat, its width always less than vertical 
diameter of orbit; eyeball exposed and colored above; width of lip 
and maxillary nearly equal to width of suborbital; velar flap from 
tip of lower jaw less than half eye; jaws nearly equal; maxillary ex- 
tending to below anterior fourth of eye; teeth small, anteriorly in a 
band 4 or 5 series wide above; 3 or 4 series below, outer row enlarged 
slightly, but a single series present laterally in either jaw. 

First dorsal inserted slightly before pectoral base; distance between 
last ray and first of second dorsal twice that between two spines; 
depth of caudal peduncle slightly less than distance from last dorsal 
ray to last of muscular portion of peduncle; distance between last 
anal ray and caudal fin three-fourths depth of peduncle; longest 
dorsal spine 2? in head (in adult), flexible at tip; dorsal rays sub- 
equal throughout, 24 in head; anal similar, length of rays equal to 
snout; pectoral rounded; ventrals reaching to or nearly to anus; 
caudal rounded. 

Upper lateral line extending nearly to caudal fin, lower usually 
much overlapped by upper. 


NO. 2188. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 453 


Seales not ctenoid on head; strongly so on flanks; interorbital 
region densely and completely scaled from line of occiput to anterior 
margin of eyes and tip of premaxillary process; opercle and sub- 
opercle with large scales; cheeks to end of maxillary (not in advance) 
covered entirely with small scales; a row posteriorly on interopercle; 
limbs of opercle, snout, and jaw naked; scales between dorsal and line 
of occiput continuous with those on head, only slightly smaller than 
those on body; area before and between ventrals scaled. 

Color usually dark; five broad irregular dark crossbands on body, 
first above pectorals and opercle, second below second to sixth dorsal 
rays, third broken above at lateral line to form two, last below last 
dorsal rays; crossbands continued on to dorsal base to form five 
blotches; first dorsal distally black; caudal submargined with black; 
dorsals, anal and caudal, all narrowly edged with white, but other- 
wise dusky or occasionally black; dorsal frequently with faded, 
narrow oblique stripes evident in addition to other pattern; a dif- 
fuse bar on pectoral base, not sharply defined; on fully colored 
specimens cheeks with two broad dark stripes, somewhat ill defined, 
one from lower edge of eye running backward and slightly down- 
ward until it fades at angle of preopercle; another from center of 
eye back to black diffuse spot on upper part of opercle, as large as 
pupil; ventrals and branchiostegal membranes sometimes strongly 
pigmented, in none black; majority of specimens faded, nearly 
without coloration. 

Notothenia longipes differs from WN. tessellata as follows: Teeth 
anteriorly in 4 or 5 series (not 2); velar flap much narrower; color- 
ation entirely different; scales larger between occipital line and first 
dorsal. It is difficult to understand Smitt’s confusion of this species 
with UN. tessellata. 

It is probable that Vaillant’s N. squamifrons' is simply a large 
specimen of N. longipes, the more so as his identification of it with 
that form was frankly provisional. 

The species recently named N. wiltont by Regan? is apparently 
described and figured from an adult specimen of N. longipes. Stein- 
dachner’s specimens were typical of smaller sizes. Our largest 
specimen, 210 mm. in body length, 235 in total, corresponds in every 
detail to those published of N. wiltoni (and is nearly the same size) 
save for a very slightly broader interorbital space and the insertion 
of the first dorsal over instead of slightly in advance of the opercular 
flap as shown in Regan’s plate. The smaller individuals below 
180 mm. in length, differ from this specimen in the same details 
upon ‘which Regan relies to differentiate his N. longipes from N. 
wiltont and correspond in every respect to the description of the 
type by Steindachner. 





1 Mission Sci. Cap Horn, vol. 6, 1889, p. 89. 2 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb., vol. 49, 1913, p. 268, 


454 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





Every available specimen (75) was carefully measured and the 
changes with age ascertained. The following tables give these, 
especially for those characters supposed to distinguish N. wiltoni. 





Same given in 


Length to base of caudal. Width of interorbital in head. hundredths of 
body length. 
COLOMUDMNIRE Re eens fee eee ee sce oe Science VOGONTs WIMOS- cos. oo eee soc ene ne eee 0.04 to 0.03 
LOOMOnIsOan mS Le ke ae eae ae ese 82 tolostimes:. 2... ees ae .045 to .035 
ESO GO EOI Se Poe eee eon eee he nee ae (a COU MUINESS cee oreo os a nemece eats -05 to .04 
TGOstoO GO mms Fs ee See eee 63: C016; times: 1o-fe- soe pase ea -05 to .045 
LOO MONO MM een tcec ate a cenee ease Gz toroashimes-.2 Soe ee meee at -055 to .045 





One specimen 197 mm. long had an interorbital space slightly 
narrower than 0.045. 








Orbit given in 











Length to base of caudal. Orbit contained in head. hundredths of 
body length. 
DOO MME SE rea ke esac e Naciemoc ees sac eeme Bbimese Fc ac coon sicceeeel sae eet eee 0. 10 
SOO Obi: Fas AN oe oe ee aoe ieee Sito SstimMes: so... ese. nosis eee eee 0.10 to .09 
OBstoel Op mh e ele oe eo eee cee eae cease cheese 3F COvSP TIMES: so 5. fs econ ccs ses See ae -09 to .08 
TOTO T25 mm. ee ee ol ec e a 34 GON4s. bimese cocks se hare ee 085 to .07 
POF O MISH METI or aes Cee eNO ne entre SH LOTaF UMIMOS! wes Se ena ceen «aie eranee ere -08 to .07 
185;(0}210 mm hate OS he eae eee ee ee 42°tov4s timestews: peli etanisos- ees .07 to .065 
Length of max- 
Length to base of caudal. Length of maxillary contained in head. ee of 
body length. 
DCO PL OOS Foe 58 ei ots ine cece yates eens at re SF tors times. 283-2. 2.222 «6 Sa sqsen eee 0.09 to 0.10 
NOOO M2 ea en es Sees concise ee eel ane are 34 to 3 times..... Sata eterna ate ete crete eee -09 to .10 
£25;to 50mm es. 2c RSIS RNA ARUN a in 3¥ to 2eitimess aetna Sion -095to .11 
PSOMOEL 7G MIMS SESE Sa See Soetoro tee ie ee SEO Ze timess si a2 Se eee cee eeine -095to .11 
7Sito;e Oia. - 2a ee ee he es ieee 3 to 2eibimesucc fice pe On: Satoind Ses tee +10} tos AZ 





Among 75 specimens counted for fin rays but 1 had five spines 
and but 2 seven in the first dorsal. The last spine is frequently 
very short and flexible. 

In forms less than 140 mm. in total length the lower jaw appears 
slightly longest, but above that length the upper and lower appear 
more nearly equal, due probably to the heavier skin of the lips, ete. 





Notothenia tessellata. 


Author’s number.! 


01-5 01-4 02-40 01-6 01-19 | 01-47 | 01-54 
Length to base of caudal......--. mm... 185 170 7s 145 135 97 53 
Body depth:.-)....cb sb sec ceeeeeeesoes 0.19 0. 20 0. 20 0. 20 0.20} 0.18 0. 20 
VO Sete eae eee on cctene cree cmtereee 06 07 07 - 065 06 - 065 -07 
Maxd any. « cnc2 cee ae aee ceeatee eee 12 13 tld .12 12 -10 -10 
MAND Ome cs cont cee te cnenicsianeciassits .14 . 145 13 -l4 18 115 «13 
Width ofinterorbitaliice. sec cep eboeel 04 - 05 . 05 05 - 04 . 04 . 055 
DOSS Ma VS fee ne cre tre coo ce wiowne nee VII, 32 V1,33 | V1I,82 | VIL,32 | VI,33 | V1I,33.| ViI,.34 
Scales in lateral lines..................- 46+8 48+7 | 46+7 49+8 | 45+10 |] 48+8 41+6 
PSCLOPAIMONP TM cates sek ce dsucenteee teen 0. 24 0. 24 0. 24 0. 22 0. 23 0. 22 | 0. 24 
Gillrakers.......... ate boss em geet 9+15 7+16 | 8+13 8+15 | 94+14] 9+13 9+13 
Scales between occiput and dorsal...... 16 16 17 16 17 55 | Wopieqces 





1 Localities: N. longipes, Port Churruca, Straits of Magellan, 02-27: Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan, 
01-3, 01-35; Albatross station 2770, near Hilly Point, and Cape Watchmap, east coast of Patagonia, 01-55, 
02-19, 02-20, 02-23. WN. tessellata, Port Grappler, 01-5, 01-4; Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan, 01-6, 01-47; 
Laredo Bays Straits of Magellan, 01-19; Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, 02-40; Port Churruca, Straits of Magel 

an, 01-54. 


No. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 455 


























N. longipes. 
Author’s number.! 

02-27 01-3 01-35 01-55 | 02-19 | 02-20 | 02-23 
Length base of caudal..........-.. mm.. 185 170 150 125 101 85 73 
FOGWIdOpiN. = so2 saosc cs see sce ecies 0. 20 0.19 0. 20 Org 0.18 0.17 0. 165 
PY Obeseicicradis cise osisiis stig Seeks tees 08 07 075 075 -08 -10 -10 
MGXIMANY Soe ma s20 22S secs seas tc 12 - 10 rl -10 -09 . 10 - 095 
Man Dome aact- Sek Gis totems pace - 125 11 be oll SLL 12 .12 
Width of interorbital........-.-.---.-.. -05 -05 -05 - 04 04 - 035 035 
WORSAMAV Sess nc eee ewe Secs chet pace Vi,;34.| VIL,35 V1,35 | VI,35 | VI,35 | VI,34{ VI,34 
Scales in lateral lines. ....... Sainie/aaiatatatess 51+-10 53413 52+14 | 52+8 | 53+10} 51410} 53+12 
ectorablenetn 4 2. enc cea dete n eae tse - 0.18 0. 21 0.19 0. 22 0.19 0.19 (?) 
Gillrakkers........---- Beene ae 8+17 9+16 9+15 | 11419 | 12420 |] 13+19| 10+19 
Scales between occiput and dorsal. ...-. 14 12 15 12 13 12 11 








1Localities: N. longipes, Port Churruca, Straits of Magellan, 02-27; Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan, 
01-3, 01-35; Albatross station 2770, near Hiily Point, and Cape Watchmap, east coast of Patagonia, 01-55, 
02-19, 02-20, 02-23. N. tessellata, Port Grappler, 01-5, 01-4; Sandy Point, Straits of Magellan, 01-6, 01-47; 
ee Bay, Straits of Magellan, 01-19; Mayne Harbor, Patagonia, 02-40; Port Churruca, Straits of Magel- 
an, 01-54. 

No difference could be seen in the average extension of the maxil- 
lary farther under the eye with age, but it varied much more in older 
specimens and was greatest among the very young, with large eyes. 
The highly variable depth varies between 0.15 and 0.20 of the body 
length of specimens 70 and 150 mm.; those above 150 mm. vary 


between 0.18 and 0.22, thus including that given for NV. wiltont Regan. 


15. NOTOTHENIA CANINA Smitt. 
Notoihenia tessellata, forma canina Smrrr, Bih. Svenska Akad., vol. 23, IV, No. 
3, 1897, p. 25, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11; pl. 2, figs. 20-22. Port Gallegos, Patagonia. 
Notothenia canina BOULENGER, Southern Cross, 1902, p. 183 (after Smitt). 

The following characters are taken from Smitt’s! paper on Noto- 
thenia, as the species has not been seen by any other author. These 
are changed from measurements in hundredths of total length to 
those in hundredths of body length, so as to compare with measure- 
ments of the other species. The large number of scales in the upper 
lateral line would appear diagnostic save for the fact that Smitt gives 
a variation of 25 scales in 15 specimens of NV. longipes, whereas the 
greatest variation among 30 of our specimens of NV. longipes is only 9 
scales. The occasional extraordinary range of variation in his work 
casts some suspicion on his identifications. 

Head in hundredths of length to base of caudal 0.27 to 0.29; eyes 
0.06 to 0.075; snout 0.06 to 0.07; width of interorbital space 0.05; 
leneth of maxillary 0.097 to 0.12; of mandible 0.13; length of anal 
base 0.45 to 0.48; height of first dorsal 0.10; of second 0.115; of 
anal 0.10 to 0.11; of pectorals 0.22 to 0.255; of ventrals 0.17 to 
0.19; depth of body 0.15 to 0.17; of caudal peduncle 0.075; D. VI, 
32 or 33; A, 30 or 31; pectoral rays 26 to 28; scales with pores in 


upper lateral line 62 to 64; in lower 7 to 12; in lateral series 68 to 71; 


1 Southern Cross, 1902. 


456 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


in transverse series (how counted?) 4 or 5/18 or 19; gill rakers 


15-16 


Teeth in two loose rows, outer enlarged and distinctly canine-like; 
maxillary ending under center of eye; scales present on cheek and 
opercle (also interorbital?); caudal rounded; dorsal ending over 
fifth ray from last of anal; second dorsal with oblique dark stripes; 
caudal transversely barred; a black spot on first dorsal; lower lat- 
eral line short, not overlapped by upper. 


III. WEST COAST, NORTH OF 46° 45’ SOUTH LATITUDE. 


List of species collected: . 
SCYLLIORHINIDAE. 


1. Catulus chilensis (Guichenot). Tome, Chile. 
CLUPEIDAE. 


2. Sardinella fuegensis Jenyns. Lota, Chile. 
3. Ethmidium coerulea (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Lota. 


ENGRAULIDAE. 
4. Engraulus ringens Jenyns. Lota. 
STOMIATIDAE. 
5. Stomias atriventer Garman. Station 2791. 
IDIACANTHIDAE. 
6. Idiacanthus retrodorsalis, new species. Station 2791. 
ATHERINIDAE. 


7. Atherinopsis microlepidoda (Jenyns). Tome and Lota, Chile. 
. Menidia maulianum (Steindachner). Tome and Lota. 
9. Menidia regia (Humboldt and Valenciennes). Tome and Lota. 


oo 


CARANGIDAE. 
10. Trachurus picturatus (Bowditch). Locality? 
SCIAENIDAE. 
11. Sciaena gilberti Abbott. Lota, Chile. 
SCORPAENIDAE. 
12. Sebastodes chitensis Steindachner. Lota. 
LATILIDAE. 
13. Prolatilus jugularis (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Lota. 
NOTOTHENTIDAE. 
14. Eleginops maclovina Cuvier and Valenciennes. Lota and Tome, Chile. 
BATRACHOIDIDAE. 


15. Porichthys porosus (Cuvier and Valenciennes). Tome. 


No. 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 457 





PLEURONECTIDAE. 

16. Paralichthys adspersus (Steindachner). Tome and Lota. 
BLENNITIDAE. 

17. Calliclinus geniguttatus Cuvier and Valenciennes. Tome. 
OPHIDIIDAE. 

18. Genypterus blacodes (Bloch and Schneider). Tome. 

GADIDAE. 
19. Laemonema multiradiatum, new species. Station 2791. 
MACROURIDAE. 


20. Coryphaenoides ariommus Gilbert and Thompson, new species. Station 2791. 
21. Nezumia pudens Gilbert and Thompson, new species. Station 2791. 
(Coelorhynchus fasciatus Giinther. Stations 2783 and 2784.)! 

22. Coelorhynchus chilensis Gilbert and Thompson, new species. Station 2791. 
(Coelorhynchus patagoniae Gilbert and Thompson, new species. Station 2784.)! 


1. CATULUS CHILENSIS (Guichenot). 


A single example from Tome, Chile. There are eight or nine broad 
dark saddles across the dorsal surface, one between the eyes, the 
next lying above the pectorals and running obliquely forwards above 
the gills, the third just behind the pectorals, the fourth below the 
first dorsal, the fifth over the anal insertion, the sixth on and below 
the second dorsal, and four much smaller ones present posteriorly 
on the tail. On these, as in the interspaces and on the fins, are many 
small leopard spots. 

The distinctness of the nasal valves places this species in Catulus, as 
separated by Gill from Scylliorhinus, which has them confluent, 
although the value of this character is open to question. 


2. SARDINELLA FUEGENSIS Jenyns. 
Sardinella fuegensis JENYNS, Voy. Beagle. 1842, p. 134. 


A number of specimens from Lota, Chile, the longest 120 mm. in 
total length. Specimens of the same size as that described by 
Smitt? correspond to his measurements and figure. The following 
additional notes may be added to Giinther’s remarks:* 

Dorsal rays 18 or 19; anal 16 to 18; pectoral 16; depth 4 to 44 in 
. body of young (80 mm. in total length), and 34 in largest (120 mm.); 
head 32 to 44; eye 4 to 44 in head; maxillary 24 to 23; interorbital 
width 44 to 5; scales in lateral series 44 to 46, in transverse 14 to 16; 
vertebrae 45; least depth of caudal peduncle, 3 in head. 

There are no teeth discernible in the jaws, the tongue is smooth; 
the ventral insertion is but slightly behind that of the dorsal, which 


1Seep. 419. - 
2 Bih. Svenska Akad., vol. 24, IV, No. 5, 11, p. 59, pl. 5, fig. 41. 
3 Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., p. 413. 


458 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


is nearer the base of the caudal than the snout; the scales are rounded 
and not striated; the maxillary does not reach quite to the center of 
the eye. The peritoneum is black. There are weak serratures along 
the whole ventral edge from the head to the anus, 19 to 20 of them 
before the ventrals, 12 or 13 behind. The gill rakers are 65 to 70 in 
number on the ioeee limb of the first gill arch and equal in length 
the diameter of the eye. 

This species has been recorded from Port Gallegos, near the eastern 
entrance of the Straits of Magellan, by Smitt. 

The genus to which this species belongs is difficult to ascertain, and 
it is placed provisionally only in Sardinella. 


ETHMIDIUM, new genus (Clupeidae). 


Clupea notacanthoides Steindachner, from the west coast of South 
America (Peru), was referred by Abbott? to the genus Potamalosa 
of Ogilby. In this, however, he was undoubtedly in error, as it is a 
distinct genus, to which the name Hthmidium may be given, and which 
has the following characters: A row of scutes with long lateral pro- 
cesses along the ventral edge of the body; another row of scutes 
along the dorsal edge of the body between the dorsal and the occiput, 
without the long lateral processes of the ventral row; anal short, 
composed of about 15 to 17 rays; gill rakers very long and very 
numerous, as in Brevoortia; vertebrae 45 to 50; ventral fins inserted 
behind the first dorsal ray, which is midway between the snout and 
the base of the caudal; no teeth; branchiostegals 9 or 10; scales 
more or less pectinate or fluted; maxillaries broad; a deep narrow 
notch between the premaxillaries ; mandibular articulation behind the 
vertical from the eye; cheeks deeper than long; peritoneum black. 

Type of genus.—Ethmidium notacanthoides (Steindachner). 

This genus is perhaps closely allied to Brevoortia, it resembling 
that genus in shape of body and of head, character of gill rakers, 
articulation of mandible behind the eye, and the notch in the pre- 
maxillaries. It differs in the absence of the double dorsal row of 
fringed scales so characteristic of Brevoortia, and in the presence of a 
row of scutes in their place. Of the two species included in the new 
genus, 2. coerulea is without the marked pectination of the body 
scales and has fewer gillrakers. It seems to be the nearest of the two _ 
species to the herrings, while the fluted scales and very numerous 
gill rakers of Ethmidiwm notacanthoides ally it unmistakably with 
Brevoortia.. The two species can not be generically separated, 
however. 

Of the recent genera, the ‘ ‘double- armored” herrings, Potamalosa 
and Hyperlophus, differ very markedly from Brevoortia and Ethmi- 


1 Bih. Soe ean vol. 23, 1897, p. —. 
2 Proc. Phila. Acad. Sciences, 1899, p. 333. 





No. 2183. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 459 





dium. They are in fact not allied to the latter genus in any respect 
save in the presence of the dorsal row of scutes and are of very different 
appearance, probably because of entirely different habits, to which 
their structure is related. It may be that the dorsal row of scutes is 
an independent development in each case, in any event it appears 
to be so in the American species as distinguished from the Australian. 
The following table will serve to distinguish these genera from each 
other, although in thus comparing them it 1s not intended to attach 
any special significance to the fact that they are ‘‘double armored” 
as distinguished from those forms with but a ventral row of scutes: 


a, Gill rakers very numerous (80 to 150), and long (3 or 4 in head) on lower limb of 

first arch; a narrow notch between premaxillaries; maxillary broad, its width 

14 to 1% in eye diameter; articulation of mandible behind eye; no teeth; 

branchiostegals 7 to 10; scales pectinate; head large, compressed, opercular 
bones deep; eye small and high; ventral inserted under dorsal. 

b!. A line of scutes between occiput and dorsal; dorsal insertion midway between 

snout and caudal base; scales in lateral series 50; no angle in lower limb of 

RSP UN eae sneer ae ae ee urhe aya deme ridate wie Hihmidium (notacanthordes). 

b?. No line of dorsal scutes, a double row of pectinate scales in their place; dorsal 

inserted nearer caudal; scales 60 to 80; lower limb of gill arch not angu- 

PCs mes Beetiers atuemar ee ic 8 wats awa atin cua Brevoortia (tyrannus). 

a?, Gill rakers short (7 or 8 in head), and few in number (about 10+25); no notch in 

premaxillary; eye large, not placed high in the head; articulation of mandible 

under center of eye; head small, not much compressed or deep; veutral 

inserted before dorsal. 
cl, Maxillary narrow, its width 44 in eye; branchiostegals 8; teeth in jaws, 


tongue, etc.; scales not pectinate........... Potamalosa (novae-hollandiae). 
e?, Maxillary broad, its width 24 to 24 in eye; branchiostegals 4; no teeth; scales 
Peres ee ed te ae ake ae aia dao Sete Hy perlophus (spratellides). 


There have also been three genera of fossil ‘‘double-armored”’ 
clupeids described. Cope! described the genus Diplomystus, dis- 
tinguished by a series of scutes between the occiput and dorsal, from 
the Green River Eocene of Wyoming, including forms with very 
short anal and few vertebrae with the typical species with long anal 
and many vertebrae. Ogilby? described the recent genera Hyper- 
lophus and Potamalosa * for fresh water herrings of Australia. Jordan‘ 
described two more fossil genera of these forms from Brazil, E/limma ® 
and Knightia. Diplomystus is sharply distinguished by its long anal, 
Elimma by its few vertebrae and prominent ventral region, and 
Knightia apparently by the few vertebrae (36). The last-named 
form may be related to Potamalosa, but the identification of such a 
fossil genus with a recent one is not advisable when differences are 
to be found. 

1 Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. Terr., vol. 3, 1877, p. 800. 

2 Rec. Austr. Mus., vol. 2, 1892, p. 26. 

3 Proc. Linnean Soc. N.S. W., vol. 21, 1897, p. 504. 

4 Annals of the Carnegie Museum, vol. 7, No. 1, 1910, p. 23. 


6 Originally Hilipes, preoccupied by Ellipes of Scudder (Psyche, 1902, p. 308), later renamed Ellimma by 
Doctor Jordan. 


460 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


Table of measurements } and counts of Ethmidium notacanthoides and coerulea. 


E. notacanthoides. E. coerulea. 


Length to caudal base....mm..| 163} 172} 175) 181! 184) 101 82} 103 120} 129) 123 








ead ea piss so8 a oa bese eens oxeeies ; 0.32} 0.33] 0.33) 0.34} 0.31] 0.30} 0.295 0.29] 0.29] 0.28 
WGP Uh aotescacescescccciseeetsesis : ~o4| 338] 33], 2383). 235] 9.85] © 235 Sool eSolle sa 
WYO pies Seed iste. sacs Se dasestas ; -07/ .07) .075) .07| .075) .08} .08 .06} .06) .07 
MAXIMAL. cccccesme cess ceeecns . S1D|- ol]) eh bola Ga Lol Loe 14) ae 4 ASW). 2A ta 
Scales; lateral: .22-2s34/44< 152 52 50 51 OOS eae eet 49 51 50 50 
Depth of caudal peduncle.....-. -09) .095) 09) .10) .095) .22) 11) .105 ee a Ce E 
Dorsalliray Ss 25.6 a 2assees-se sek 19 20 19 20 21 22 20 21 21 21 
ATIMUTAVS: |. ces macaw caciencee es 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 14? 16} 14? 
Eye to angle of pyeopendle 3 Lay 45) U5 ey 16 1S ee a3} ASI ak2b | ee aD 
Gill rakers on lower 115} 135} 132) 140 73 78 83 82 85 84 
Dorsaliscutes.. 1:5 =e 4 25 25 25 26 26 27 25 24 26| 21? 
Ventral scutes........ 3 20+-17 |20+-16)/20-+-16|204-17/20+16/20+16/20+16) 20+17/20+17)17+15 
Branchiostegals....... F | 9| 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 
Wocalitys = [ese ee eae ae Bay of Callao, Peru. Lota, Chile. 


1 Given in hundredths of body length to base of caudal. 
3. ETHMIDIUM COERULEA (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


Alausa coerulea CUVIER and VALENCIENNES, vol. 20, p. 432. Valparaiso, Chile 
(not Meletta coerulea Girard, nor Clupea coerulea Mitchel). 

Clupea notacanthus GUNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 7, p. 443. Valparaiso, 
Chile. 

Numerous specimens from Lota, Chile, the longest 15 cm. in total 
length. They are evidently Alausa coerulea of Cuvier and Valen- 
ciennes and correspond in all details with Giinther’s Clupea nota- 
canthus. It has not been recognized as this species by any recent 
authors. 

Depth 2? in length of body to base of caudal; head length 32; 
latter exceeded by body depth slightly more than an eye diameter, 
which is contained 44 in head, and is but slightly longer than snout; 
maxillary ending slightly behind posterior edge of eye, and contained 
twice in head; no teeth in jaws, on vomer, palatine, or tongue, save 
slight serrations on edge of maxillary; lower opercular edge at its 
junction with subopercle if projected would meet first dorsal ray; 
jaws equal, premaxillaries deeply and narrowly notched; gill rakers 
55+73 to 85, slightly longer than snout; vertebrae 50; D. 20 or 21 
(counting first short rays); A. 15 to 17; scales in lateral series 49 to 
52; in transverse 18 to 20; dorsal scutes 24 to 28; ventral scutes 
20+ 16; branchiostegals 9 or 10. 

Dorsal inserted very slightly nearer tip of snout than caudal; ven- 
trals under its anterior third; pectorals reaching two-thirds distance 
to ventral bases; base of anal three-fourths length of that of dorsal, 
which is 12 to 13 in head. 

A line of scutes along upper edge of body before dorsal, ventral 
edge from isthmus to anus with scutes, spines strongest between 
ventrals and anus, but slightly evident anteriorly, their number 
comparatively constant; scales showing but slight traces of pectina- 
tion; edge not very irregular. 


no. 21383. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 461 





Color in alcohol silvery, underlaid by deep blue above, without 
sharp division from lower part of body; a row of dark-blue spots 
nearly as large as pupil extending from upper angle of gill cover 
to center of caudal peduncle, or above anal, 10 or 12 in well-preserved 
examples, first ones much darker and more striking; if second row 
present in life, not evident as preserved. 

As compared with specimens of E. notacanthoides (Steindachner) 
recorded by Abbott! from the Bay of Callao, Peru, the following 
differences are evident, although the two species without doubt 
are closely allied: Caudal peduncle deeper (84 in head in /. notacan- 
thoides); depth exceeds length of head by much more, due to shorter 
head and greater depth (head equal to depth in £. notacanthordes) ; 
position of lower edge of opercle (at its junction with subopercle) is 
more vertical, the line of edge pointing to posterior half of dorsal 
in E. notacanthoides; the scales are much less plainly pectinate, the 
gill rakers are but half as numerous, and the second row of spots on 
the side is lacking. Although Abbott’s examples are much larger 
than our specimens of Clupea notacanthus, it is not probable that any 
of these are age differences. 

Clupea notacanthoides Steindachner is very probably <Alausa 
maculata Cuvier and Valenciennes, if one may judge from Abbott’s 
specimens, and Clupea (Alosa) maculata of Stemdachner may well be 
the present species, judging from Steindachner’s description.? 


4. ENGRAULIS RINGENS Jenyns. 


Numerous specimens from Lota, Chile, the longest 160 mm. in total 
length. 

Compared with Engraulis mordaz Girard from the California coast, 
with which it has been at times identified, the head proves decidedly 
shorter, the snout a trifle shorter, and the maxillary a good deal so, 
extending beyond the carina of the preopercle in /. mordax, whereas 
it barely reaches it in FE. ringens. As compared with EF. japonicus 
(Schlegel), the latter has a much lesser depth and shorter head. In the 
following table the measurements are given in hundredths of the body 
length to the caudal base. The first number in each case is the 
average, those in parentheses give the range of variation. 











Number 
of speci- Head. Depth. Snout. Maxillary. 
mens. 
Ee PINQENS cin\s0 2 02. 12 | 0.29 (0.27-0.30) | 0.19 (0.18-0.20) | 0.05 (0.045-0.05 ) | 0.19 (0. 18-0. 20) 
EB. mordan....------ 11 .33 ( .32- .34) -195 ( .18- .21) -06 ( .055- .06 ) .23 ( .23- .24) 


E. japonicus.....-. 4| 126( .26- .27)| 115 (14.16) | 1050.05 - .055) | 18 ( .17- .20) 


1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 333. 
2 Fauna Chilensis, p. 330. 


462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





Dorsal rays 14 or 15; anal rays 19 to 21; scales in lateral series 38 to 
40; distance from snout to dorsal insertion slightly more than half 
length to base of caudal; minute teeth in both jaws; dorsal surface 
of body dark, sharply separated from silvery flanks and ventral 
surfaces. 

5. STOMIAS ATRIVENTER Garman. 

Two specimens, one 155, the other 85 mm. in total length from 
Albatross station 2791, in 677 fathoms, 38° 08’ S., and 75° 53’ W. 
off Lota, Chile. Both of these are badly preserved, especially the 
larger. The following features may be made out with reasonable 
certainty: 


Toba LemeGhise MNS watchs stan thal NET eve naps Geieeey Pans, esta erate 155 mm, 85 mm, 
Depthiindengthiee: possess iets ae eS ee cee 12 times. 14 times. 
Head in lence Ss. 2. case 42 tee reece ered ae ee 9 times. 9 times. 
Doteal TAY62 222250235 siete bee te a eee eek ante a eee eee NOE. 16 

ATA PAS: ssi cos aac che atte = Se aise aie ese eee ee ee 20 19 
Wentraliayamec de ee ett arene Oe oar rere ea ee 5 5 
Luminous organs between pectoral and ventral............... 46 45 
Between ventrals andtanals : 8922). soy gee aes. oe 13? 12 
Between first anal ray and caudal. 2... <2... +-/. 2 s.aepe eee 16? 16 

Alone oranchiostegal membrane..<. -o.3-.52, ee ee veel cs Scr 18 18 

Mons cular PectOMs 2 acerca s 3 2s cio a no) lake ei iale ae he ira 15? De 


6. IDIACANTHUS RETRODORSALIS, new species. 
Plate 4, fig. 2. 


A single specimen, Cat. No. 76857, U.S.N.M., from Albatross 
station 2791, off Lota, Chile, in 677 fathoms. It has lost a part of 
the tail, and its total length can not be stated, but it is 125 mm. 
from the snout to the anus. There are left 20 vertebrae beyond 
the anus. Giinther gives 30 in Idiacanthus feroz. 

Head 44 in distance from snout to ventral fins, 7 in distance to 
anus; depth 23 in latter and half that of the head; snout 4 in head and 
2, in postorbital part of same; eye 1 in snout, 4 in postorbital 
part of head; barbel one and one-half times length of head; dorsal 
rays more than 44; anal rays more than 27, there beigg 22 rays of 
dorsal in front of anal insertion; ventral rays 6; no pectoral; teeth 
in upper jaw slightly shorter than those in lower, arranged in four 
groups, each increasing in size posteriorly; numbers in groups as 
follows: 3, 4, 3, 4, last teeth of second and third group longest, those 
in upper jaw totalling 14; teeth in lower jaw in six groups, each 
increasing in length posteriorly save in the last, which is composed of 
several small subequal teeth; these groups have the following num- 
bers of teeth: 6, 5, 3, and 4, totalling 18 in all; tongue apparently 
toothless (crushed condition of lower jaw may have resulted in loss 
of tongue teeth, but this is not probable); a pair of teeth on either 
side of vomerine region just behind ends of premaxillaries; two on 
each lateral roof of mouth directly under each eye. 


No. 2188. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 463 





Dorsal fin inserted behind ventral base, a distance equal to half 
length of head; ventral bases slightly nearer posterior end of head 
than anus, length including filamentous ray tips about three-quarters 
head length; both dorsal and anal rays inserted between pairs of 
short stout spines as usual. 

Luminescent organs in two rows on each side of body in a ventral 
and lateral series; in either series these number 28 between isthmus 
and ventral fin bases, and 20 between venitrals and anus; they are 
both continued along each side of anal fin to where body is broken 
off; hyoid region with 12 or 13 organs; one on each branchiostegal 
ray base, apparently 16 in number; a larger organ behind eye above 
middle of upper jaw; a great many luminescent organs of very small 
size scattered thickly over head and in transverse rows on body. 

From the four known species of this genus, as enumerated by 
Brauer,’ this species seems to be differentiated by the origin of the 
dorsal behind the ventrals, by the number of luminescent organs 
and the position of the ventrals midway between head and anus. 
Although the barbel is shorter than in /diacanthus ferox Ginther, 
the present species is evidently nearly related to that form. If the 
absence of teeth on the tongue is of importance, it is the only species 
lacking them in the genus. 


* 7, ATHERINOPSIS MICROLEPIDOTA (Jenyns) 


Atherina microlepidota JENYNS, Voy. Beagle, Fish, vol. 4, 1842, p. 68, pl. 16, 
fig. 1. Valparaiso (not of Kner, Girard, or Giinther). 

Atherinopsis regius STEINDACHNER, Denk. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 72, 1902, p. 39. 
Rio Tambo, Peru.—EiGENMANN, Princeton Patagonian Exped., vol. 2, pt. 
2, 1909, p. 282, no specimens. 

Tome and Lota, Chile, numerous specimens, the largest 365 mm. 
in total length. 

This species has recently been referred to Menidia regia (Hum- 
boldt and Valenciennes) by Eigenmann ?, Steindachner, and Smitt, 
but in the absence of positive evidence to the contrary the disposi- 
tion of the name regia is that made first, namely, by Giinther,? where 
the species Atherina laticlavia Cuvier and Valenciennes is considered 

its synonym. 

The two species Menidia laticlaaia (Cuvier and Valenciennes) and 
Atherinopsis microlepidota (Jenyns) are very different, (1) the pre- 
maxillaries in the latter being nonprotractile, (2) body slender in 
form, with (3) dull lateral stripe, (4) scales with basal radii, and (5) 
the base of the anal does not extend as far posteriorly as that of the 
second dorsal. A careful examination of the synonymy shows that 
there has been a confusion of the two names, and that the specimens 
of Kner, Girard, and Giinther were ones with protractile premaxil- 








1 Deutschen Tiefsee Expedition, p. 59. 3 Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 3, p. 402. 
2 Princeton Patagonian Exped., vol. 2, 1909, p. 282. 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSHUM. vou. 50. 





laries. Thus Girard‘ had in mind as the type of his genus Basil- 
ichthys what was in reality a Menidia. This does not, however, 
change the type, it remaining the species Atherina microlepidota 
Jenyns according to a recent opinion of the International Commission 
on Zoological Nomenclature.’ 

The type of Basilichthys (microlepidotus) was compared with that 
of Atherinopsis, and found to differ somewhat but not generically. 
The direction of imbrication of the scales on the head is reversed in 
the former and the vertebrae are more numerous. 

In the following notes the figures in parentheses represent the 
respective measurements of 15 specimens given in hundredths of 
body length to base of caudal: 

Head 4} to 5 in length to base of caudal (0.20 to 0.24); depth of 
body 6 (0.17 to 0.21); eye 54 in head (0.03 to 0.04); snout 3 (0.07 to 
0.075); pectoral 14 (0.18 to 0.14); interorbital width 3 (0.07 to 0.08); 
space between dorsal insertions 14 to 2 in head (0.11 to 0.14); length 
of gill rakers half diameter of eye; dorsal rays V. (or VI), I, 10 or 11; 
anal rays I, 14 to 16; scales in lateral series 99 to 100; in transverse 
series between insertions of dorsal and anal fins 24; gill rakers 6+24 
(to 27). 

Jaws equal; premaxillaries nonprotractile, their skin continuous 
with that of dorsal surface of head; vomerine teeth present anteriorly 
in a small patch. 

First dorsal small, inserted midway in the total length; interdorsal 
space very small; dorsal and anal high anteriorly, emarginate; anal 
terminating before last rays of dorsal; ventrals midway between 
pectoral ind anal bases. 

Scales small, cycloid, subquadrangular; circuli well defined and 
close set, 5 or 6 basal radii present; no apical radi, those in anterior 
portion of body about as long as wide, those posterior longer than 
wide. The direction of imbrication on the dorsal surface of the head 
reversed in direction. 

Lateral band covers five scale rows, equaling in width the eye, and 
is without the brightness of that on other Atherinoids, being a dull 
tarnished silvery. 

It may be noted that this extends the range of this species at least 
as far south as Conception. The Basilichthys microlepidota of Ever- 
man and Kendall * from Argentina is not this species, having scales 
larger, 70 to 76 in lateral series. There is no ground as yet for con- 
sidering the species common to both coasts, or as being found in the 
Straits of Magellan. 





1U.S. Naval and Astron. Exped., 1895, p. 238, pl. 30, figs. 8, 9. 

2 Smithsonian Institution, Publication 1938, July, 1910, ee 14, in the case of the genus Etheostoma 
vs. Catonotus and Diplesion. 

3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 31, p. 97. 


NO, 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888S—THOMPSON. 465 





8 MENIDIA MAULIANA (Steindachner). 


Numerous specimens, the longest 145 mm. to tip of caudal rays, 
from Tome and Lota, Chile, corresponding in all details to the 
description given by Steindachner. The narrow lateral stripe and 
greater depth distinguish it at once from other species. The gill 
rakers are few, 3+13 or 14, thus having about half as many as are 
present in Menidia regia. 


9. MENIDIA REGIA (Humboldt and Valenciennes). 


Atherina regia HumpBoipt and VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat. Comp., 
1835, vol. 2, p. 187, Peru. 

Atherina laticlavia Cuvier and VALENCIENNES. 

Basilichthys microlepidota of AurHors (not of Jenyns). 


Very numerous specimens, the largest 290 mm. in total length, 
from Lota and Tome, Chile. The extremes of measurements in 
hundredths of body lengths of 12 specimens are given in parentheses. 

Head 42 (0.22 to 0.24) in body length, 53 in total; depth 52 
(0.17 to 0.20) in body, 63 in total; eye 44 to 54 in head (0.04 to 
0.06); snout 3 (0.07 to .08); width of lateral body band 44 in body 
depth (0.04 to 0.05); interorbital breadth 34 in head (0.06); dis- 
tance between dorsal insertions equal to depth of body (0.17 to 
0.19); dorsal rays VI to VIII, I, 10 or 11; anal rays, I, 16 to 18 
(usually I, 17); scales in lateral line 83 to 90, in transverse series 
between insertions of first dorsal and of anal 16 or 17; gill rakers 
8+ 25. 

Maxillary extending to within half a pupil diameter of vertical 
from anterior orbital edge; premaxillaries protractile; jaws of equal 
strength and length; teeth in jaws in two rows, none on palatines or 
tongue, occasional teeth on vomer; gill rakers two-thirds of eye 
diameter in length; first dorsal set midway in total length; base of 
anal extending slightly farther posteriorly than that of dorsal. 

Scales imbricated in normal fashion on dorsal surface of’ head; 
anterior body scales nearly oval, without basal radii, circuli widely set; 
posterior body scales nearly quadrangular, with four or five basal 
radii; circuli close set and distinct; vertical fins scaleless; cheeks 
scaled, four rows below eye, eight or nine between eye and posterior 
opercular edge. 

Lateral silvery band broad, extending over two and a half rows of 
scales. 

This species has been referred to Atherina regia Humboldt by 
Giinther, whose example is here followed, as there is nothing in 
the original descriptions which differentiates the two species Jati- 
clawia and regia. 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——30 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


The types and paratypes of the species described from Peru by 
by Abbott? and placed in the Stanford University collections, 
namely, ‘‘ Basilichtys regillus,”’ “B. octavwus,” and “B. jordani,” 
have been carefully compared with our specimens, and the only 
basis for any of these species seems to be the longer head of Menidia 
regillus. This may be shown by the following comparison of head 
lengths measured in hundredths of the body length, the number of 
specimens having each measurement being placed in that column: 


Leneth of head 2)... owasatinaiet 2c 0. 21 0322 0. 23 0. 24 0. 25 0. 26 
Menideaslaticlapidsna--a2sneeee sc eeee 1 5 6 1 0 0 
Menidea reguiluss te. oc ves ese 0 0 0 4 2 i 
WMeniGcaOCtaiysers ence sence otic 0 0 1 0 0 0 
MeRidee JOTAQNT» se astace ce aes ee 0 0 0 il 1 0 


The differences given for M. jordani by Abbott were the greater 
development of the lower jaw and the presence of the vomerine 
teeth. The former difference is included in the variation of our 
series, and in many of our specimens there is a single vomerine tooth, 
in others none, and in some of them a small patch. 

Those supposed to exist in the case of B. octavius Abbott were the 
number of dorsal spines, the space between the dorsal insertions and 
the lesser depth. The following tables show the counts and meas- 
urements of the types and paratypes as compared with our specimens. 
Under each count or measurement is ranged the number of speci- 
mens showing that count or measurement, as above. The latter 
are in hundredths of body length: 


Number, Of Goral SINGS .. oa. ss c2.=<1s aps ant aerate) ela e VI VII VIII 
WA CTADEGLAECLAUIGE os oe tee ee ee ele See Ce ek ee ie 3 9 i 
META TEQTLUUSA. ato atic ae CA. IAEA t ee ae Oho eee 2 3 0 
MCT GO CLAVUUS = yan tai taney ee ee oo = Pe eee 0 0 1 
MM CNIGR) OTC ON erste Svea see ie Gee eee eee 1 1 0 
Distance between dorsal insertions..............-.--- ORL. 0.18 0.19 0. 20 
Menidia laticlatiaes2 Bie sno rs ae Se ee 4 6 3 0 
Menara negullis ss ee a ee ae oe eee 1 3 0 0 
MONEDA: OCLOUIUS sxc Beas seen en eee 0 0 0 if 
WCU FOTN oho ee yrs mca ae ee leat te rere eee 0 1 a 0 
Depthrot- body's eee eee ee 0. 16 0.17 0.18 0.19 0. 20 
Mennaia laviclavigy es eee ee eee 2 2 3 4 1 
IMenidtayreguilussn cette Sa oe eee 1 3 i 0 0 
NMEA ON COIULS ae eeree ee ae ee it 1 0 0 0 
Menidia octavius.....-.-- LPs See Le 0 1 0 0 0 


10. TRACHURUS PICTURATUS (Bowditch). 


Two large specimens, the longest 52 cm. in total length, from an 
unknown locality. No differences were apparent between these and 
smaller specimens from the Californian coast, but none were at hand 


1 Proc, Acad, Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1899, pt. 2, 1900, pp. 338-341, 


No. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 467 





from the Atlantic or Mediterranean. No actual comparison has yet 
been made between specimens from the two oceans. 

Dorsal rays VIII-I, 32; Anal II-I, 26; shields 95 (52+ 43, count- 
ing before and behind beginning of straight posterior portion of 
series). 

11. SCIAENA GILBERTI Abbott. 

Several specimens from Lota, Chile, the largest 155 mm. in total 
length. Compared with the type of the species which is in the 
Stanford collections and found identical. The membranes of the 
spinous dorsal in the specimens at hand are dusky. This species 
may be distinguished at once by the terminal mouth, and the fact 
that the head and depth are nearly equal. In S. deliciosa the snout 
overhangs the mouth, the lower jaw is much shorter than the upper, 
and the head is longer than the body depth. 


12. SEBASTODES CHILENSIS Steindachner. 


Sebastodes chilensis STEINDACHNER, Fauna Chilensis, Zool. Jahrb. Suppl., vol. 
4, 1898, Heft 2, p. 295. Talcahuano. 

Sebastodes jenynsi AbBorr, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, 1899, p. 476. 
Valparaiso. 

A single large example 35 cm. in total length from Lota, Chile. It 
has been compared with the type of S. jenynsi Abbott, which is in 
the Stanford University collections, and seems to be the same. The 
coloration is identical save for its faded condition. The anal spines 
are shorter, due to the greater age, and the second is contained 22 
in head instead of 22; the pectorals reach but slightly beyond the 
anus and are 13 in head; and the dorsal fins are lower. There are 
seven anal rays instead of six. The description given by Steindach- 
ner offers no tangible differences from the specimens at hand, save the 
absence of the clear spots on the flank. These are entirely faded on 
one side of the type of S. jenynsi and are very indistinct on the present 
specimen, so much so that unless they were particularly looked for 
they would escape attention. 


13. PROLATILUS JUGULARIS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


Three specimens, longest 30 cm. in total length, from Lota, Chile. 

Dorsal rays IV, 28; anal II, 21; scales in lateral line 75, in trans- 
verse series between insertions of vertical fins 10/20; gill rakers 3 +10; 
no posterior canine in either jaw; head 3} in length to base of caudal; 
depth 44; eye 5 in head; maxillary 3; transverse bands of color 
very indistinct; scales on snout very minute, absent only on fins and 
ae 14. ELEGINOPS MACLOVINA Cuvier and Valenciennes. 

Numerous specimens from Lota and Tome, Chile; Laredo Bay and 
Sandy Point in the Straits of Magellan; and Port Otway, Patagonia. 
Very little variation is evident save in the extent of the ventrals and 
the distance which the spines reach backward on the second dorsal. 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





This species is well figured and well known, having been obtained 
by almost all collectors in that region. 


15. PORICHTHYS POROSUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 


Specimens from Tome, Chile. The absence of the phosphorescent 
organs differentiates this species from the others of the genus, and 
might be regarded as indicating a generic difference. 


16. PARALICHTHYS ADSPERSUS (Steindachner). 


Numerous small specimens of this species from Tome and Lota, 
Chile, the longest 120 mm. in total length, can not be separated from 
specimens from Mexico which are in the Stanford University collec- 
tions. Series of measurements of 12 specimens in hundredths of 
body length, and careful counts, failed to show any differences, the 
averages in each case being identical and the range of variation (which 
was small) more or less coinciding. The specimens fitted the accounts 
given by Steindacher in the original description very closely, as also 
the description given by Jordan and Evermann.' The measure- 
ments given below are expressed in hundredths of the body length 
to the base of the caudal. 

Dorsal rays 70 to 74; enal rays 56 and 57; pores in lateral line 100 
to 120, scales in transverse series 39 to 43 (counting an oblique series 

48 to 52 
at deepest part of body); head 0.29 to 0.31; depth 0.47 to 0.52; eye 0.05 
or 0.06; interorbital space 0.02; snout 0.07; mandible 0.15 or 0.16; 
maxillary length 0.13, pectoral length on eyed side 0.14, on blind 0.10 
to 0.115; depth of caudal peduncle 0.10 to 0.11; gill rakers 7 or 8+ 16 
to 19; gill raker length 0.03. 


17. CALLICLINUS GENIGUTTATUS Cuvier and Valenciennes. 


A single specimen, 20 cm. long, from Tome, Chile, is referred to this 
species, although it differs markedly from the description given by 
Steindachner? in having 56 pores in the lateral line instead of 44. 
The coloration is much obscured by the preservation. 

Dorsal rays XXIV, 12; anal II, 21; head 34 in body; length with- 
out caudal, 32 in total; depth 34 in body, 4 in total; snout 34 in 
head, eye 6, interorbital space 8; scales in lateral line with pores 56; 
teeth all coarsely conical, those on vomer in a nearly triangular- 
shaped patch, slightly emarginate on the posterior edge; nasal, supra- 
orbital, and nuchal tentacles present, second named split into 12 or 
14 threads or cirri; five indistinct cross stripes of black are present, 
most plainly on the dorsal bases; belly and pectoral base with many 





1 Fishes North and Middle America. 
2 Fauna Chilensis, Zoologische Jahrbiicher Suppl., vol. 4, Heft 2, 1898, p. 312. 


no. 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 469 


The genera of the group to which this belongs are in need of revi- 
sion, it being evident that this species differs considerably from the 
typical species of Clinus, and the forms at present listed under this 
genus in Australia and South Africa are very divergent also among 
themselves, but no specimens are at hand for comparison. 





18. GENYPTERUS BLACODES (Bloch and Schneider). 


A specimen from Tome, Chile, 47 cm. long. This is assuredly the 
“Onhidium blancodes (Forst.)”’ of Tschudi,’ which was figured by the 
same author as ‘“O. maculatum.”’? The evidence for its identity with 
Genypterus blacodes Bloch and Schneider, from New Zealand, is 
questionable. Hutton’s description of the latter species* is possibly 
not that of the present form, although it was of a much larger speci- 
men (34 feet), because of these measurements: Head 7 in length, and 
depth 10 in same. However, Hector, in the same paper‘ gives a 
figure which is like our own specimens in measurements and other 
characters. The Genypterus chilensis recorded by Abbott from Chile® 
is in the Stanford University collections and is plainly the same as 
G. blacodes, although darker in color. There is no reason for regard- 
ing Genypterus chilensis (Guichenot) as distinct from G. blacodes 
(Bloch and Schneider), as far as can be seen. 

Our specimen shows the following characters: Head 44 in total 
length; depth 7; maxillary 2} in head; eye 7; snout 53; interorbital 
breadth 53; ventrals 24; pectorals 25; D. about 120; A. about 127; 
caudal rays 7; pectoral rays 25. Vertical fins dark; pectorals dark, 
narrowly edged with white. 


19, LAEMONEMA MULTIRADIATOUM, new species. 
Plate 4, fig. 3. 


A single specimen from Albatross station 2791, 38° 08’ S. and 75° 
53’ W. off Lota, Chile, in 677 fathoms; total length 147 mm. It is 
Cat. No. 76858, U.S. N. M. 

Head 44 in length; depth at pectorals 61 (2? in head); width of 
head 12 in its length; maxillary 2 in head; eye 44; interorbital space 

4; snout 3; mandible 14; distance tip of snout to ventral bases 1}; 
ventral bases to anus 24; anus to anal insertion 54; snout to dorsal 
insertion one and one-tenth tirnes head length; length second ray of 
first dorsal one and one-tenth times head length; of ventral filament 
nine-tenths head length; D. 5-74; A. 71; pectoral 21; ventrals 
with 2 long and 3 (?) rudimentary rays; scales more than 118; gill 
rakers x +17; branchiostegals 7; body cavity length measured from 
snout less than a third of total length. 





1 Fauna Peruana, 1845, p. 29. — 

2Idem, pl. 5. 

3 Fishes of New Zealand, 1872, p. 48. 

4Idem, p. 116, pl. 8, fig. 77. 

5 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1899, p. 475. 


470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





Head skeleton cavernous, broad, interorbital space one and two- 
thirds times eye diameter; snout longer than eye, not overhanging 
mouth; postorbital part of head half its whole length; maxillary end- 
ing under posterior fourth of eye; lower jaw but slightly, if any, 
shorter than upper; barbel represented by a very mmute papilla at 
symphysis of lower jaw, not visible without lens; teeth minute, in 
narrow bands, about four series wide anteriorly in both jaws, but 
narrowing rapidly in lower jaw; a very small circular patch of fine 
teeth on vomer; gill rakers nearly as long as diameter of eye. 

Greatest depth of body at dorsal insertion, which is above point of 
opercle and slightly before pectoral bases; caudal peduncle depth a 
third of eye diameter; body profiles nearly straight from tail to deep- 
est part at dorsal insertion; anus twice as far from ventral bases as 
from first anal ray; second ray of first dorsal greatly elongated, 
reaching nineteenth ray of second dorsal; ventrals inserted under 
posterior limb of opercle and midway between anus and posterior end 
of maxillary; second ventral ray reaching eighth of anal, with two or 
three rudimentary inner rays; first ray broken, apparently not as long; 
pectoral rays broken, probably equal to length of postorbital part of 
head; caudal rays broken; contours of dorsal and anal not evident, 
probably low midway of their length. 

Seales all lost, but traces showing over whole body save gular 
region; lateral ithe not evident. 

Coloration lacking or faded, peritoneum and lining of a black. 

This species forms one extreme of the genus, with its next relative, 
probably Laemonema latifrons Holt and Byrne, from the southwest 
coast of Ireland. From this it differs in the greater number of fin 
rays, longer filaments of dorsal and anal, wider interorbital, longer 
maxillary, and in other ways. It is probable that all species of 
Laemonema have several rays in the ventrals instead of two, or the 
“bifid” ray of authors generally. The presence of these small rays 
has been corroborated by the writer in the present form, L. melanu- 
rum and L. barbatulum. The barbel is nearly invisible, even more 
rudimentary than in L. latifrons. 

The long delicate filaments of the dorsal and ventral rays, broken 
when the specimens were received, have since worked loose in hand- 
ling the bottles and have been lost, hence are not evident in the type. 
They are shown in the accompanying plate. 

The following are the measurements of the type in hundredths of 
the total length and in tenths of the head, 145 and 32 mm., respec- 
tively: 


1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, ne 1, 1908, p. 87. 


No. 2133. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. ar 





Hun- Hun- 

dredths Ear dredths | cea 

of total, | 0*2e8¢- Of total. (07 0 oat 
Totallength=.......22....+20<- W008 |e eee cee Ventral filament..........-.-.. 0. 20 0.9 
Headilongth........-:.-s..2.5- 22 1.005: Body widthi2e22...c0-s2-- 13 -6 
NV One sec ecmencncecetsesccee -05 .20 || Body depth..............-... -16 8 
SO Ue te ae oes ee 07 23 Distancesnout to ventrals.... - 19 29) 
Pnteronbital.. 22h<.2.c2225ce-5 - 09 4 Distance ventrals to anus...... .09 4 
IMAxtUATY: 222-6 cceccaccces-= .12 5 Anus to analinsertion......... ~O4 2 
Dorsal filament. .......-....-. 24 Lit 


Family MACROURIDAE.! 


20. CORYPHAENOIDES ARIOMMUS Gilbert and Thompson. 
Plate 5, fig. 1. 


Type and nine paratypes from Albatross station 2791, in 677 fath- 
oms, off Lota, Chile, at 38° 08’ S., 75° 53’ W. The type is Cat. No. 
76859, U.S.N.M., a specimen 250 mm. in total length. 

Head, 42 in total length, and 13 in length to anus; depth 6 in total, 
2 in length to anus; orbit 31 in head; interorbital width 4; snout 33; 
maxillary 34; mandible 23; barbel 5 in eye; distance between ven- 
tral bases and anus 24 in head; D. II, 8-84; A. 77; P. 21; V. 9; 
branchiostegals 6. 

Snout short, with strong suborbital ridge extending as far back as 
posterior border of eye, its crest at narrowest part twice as far from 
mouth as from orbit; snout with a median spinous point and two 
similar prenarial prominences, the latter equally distant from orbital 
rim and apex of snout; a median rostral ridge extends to middle of 
interorbital space; width of snout at prenarial prominences one and 
one-fifth times least interorbital width; distance tip of snout to 
premaxillaries slightly over half diameter of eye and equal to distance 
between apical and prenarial prominences; teeth above in a wide 
band of seven or eight series, equal in size, a narrower band below of 
about three series; barbel short, its length one-fourth diameter of 
eye; anterior edge of preopercle abruptly bent backward at angle, 
forming a conspicuous rounded lobe; maxillary terminating slightly 
before center of eye, distance between posterior ends of maxillaries 
two-thirds width of head at same level; mandibular articulation just 
anterior to posterior margin of orbit, provided with a sharp spur; 
gill membranes attached to isthmus, without free fold; first gill slit 
very short, four and one-half times in diameter of orbit. 

Dorsal inserted just behind pectoral base, its second spine serrated; 
interdorsal space equal to interorbital space; ventrals inserted under 
first spine of dorsal and just behind pectorals; filament of first ray 
reaching two-thirds distance to the insertion of anal, which is some- 
what farther from ventral bases than is the isthmus; anus situated 
immediately before anal fin. 





1By Dr. C. H. Gilbert, of Stanford University, and W. F. Thompson. 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50, 





Scales lost everywhere save over interdorsal space, there showing 
from 9 to 11 nearly parallel rows of spinules which are raised but 
slightly from plane of scale surface, and rarely project over posterior 
edge; lower surface of head and mandibular rami scaled; no pit or 
naked area between ventrals; lateral line not evident because of loss 
of scales. 

Color uniformly dusky except at edges of mouth, the posterior edges 
of gill membranes, the peritoneum, and linings of gill cavities, which 
are all black. 

The relatives of this form include (. rudis (Ginther),! but the 
scales are different and the barbel much shorter. Its proportions 
differentiate it from C. capito, anguliceps, and latinasutus of Garman. 


Table of measurements of type and paratypes in hundredths of length to anus. 











| 
Type. | Paratypes. 

Motallongthisss fe. scsevesaonaes sana mm... 250 340 295 260 235 
Length ovanus |=. 4-7. REE Ue: haa mm.. 90 130 102 90 92 

COME oe icikciekicemina samen ccdicogscsccccene 0. 65 0. 61 0. 65 0. 65 0. 65 
ee ee ee Rew "19 "8 20 20 21 

MOM Wace oes sae ace lane socie einen ee cacetece 3 
BAVC ewan loictne mite cia BicRic etek wafers eee oe - 20 -16 -18 - 20 - 20 
Moxa aT ys Sone meicetc siccen ws sscmaaeeetelek ce .19 .19 - 20 18 - 20 
Mamndiblenteacerrcccmant vsmccceion eee ceases . 24 . 24 25 . 24 - 26 
imteronbitalispace =. -o52 Sse seek seee eee - 16 15 Sly 17 18 
Distance premaxillaries to tip of snout... -- 11 -10 -12 13 -13 
DD OLSALEAY She eee cee eaee cee ene eee II, 8-84 | II,8-85+ II, 8-102 II, 8-87 II,8— 
BOCtOral 2S sess. Sees sa Ee IO 21 21 21 21 21 
IWentrales: ss caters se cce hee cite seine eons oe 9 | 9 9 9 9 





21. NEZUMIA PUDENS Gilbert and Thompson. 


Plate 5, fig. 2. 


Two specimens from Albatross station 2791, in 677 fathoms, off 
Lota, Chile, 38° 08’ S., 75° 53’ W. The type is 175 mm. in total 
length, Cat. No. 76860, U.S.N.M. 

Head 5 in total length, and 12 in length to anus; depth 7 in total, 
14 in length to anus; orbit 34 in head; interorbital width 44; snout 
34; maxillary 3; mandible 24; barbel 4 (14 in eye); distance from base 
of ventral to anus 12 in eye; from anus to origin of anal 14 in eye; 
D. II, 10-117; A. 112; P. 23 (or 22); V. 11; branchiostegals 7; scales 
between lateral line and middle rays of first dorsal 8, gill rakers x +8. 

Kye circular, large, equaling length of short snout; anterior profile 
of snout nearly vertical, the distance from tip of snout to premaxil- 
laries equal to interorbital width and 14 in distance from tip of snout 
to anterior border of orbit; width of suborbital space 14 in eye diam- 
eter; snout with usual median and prenarial prominences, each with 
a small rosette of spinules; the lateral prominences are midway be- 
tween orbits and tip of snout, the distance between them greater than 
interorbital width and equal to eye; suborbital ridge low, ending 


1 Deep Sea Fishes, p. 131. 


no. 2188. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. ATS 


behind pupil; mouth small, the maxillary ending under anterior fifth 
of orbit; vertical edge of preopercle slightly emarginate, not over- 
lapping much of interopercle; oblique height of cheeks equaling the 
diameter of eye; teeth small, in rather wide bands in both jaws, the 
outer series in the upper jaw slightly enlarged; barbel nearly as long as 
diameter of eye; branchiostegal membranes forming a free fold across 
the isthmus; length of first gill slit equal to half diameter of eye. 


Measurements of type and paratype of Nezumia pudens, in hundredths of length to anus. 





Para- | 





Para- 
Type. type. | Type. type. 
| 
Totallongth. =... ..= << mm. . 170 165 | Interorbital space...........-.- 0.17 0.18 
Length to anus.....-..- PIM. - 43 45 | Premaxillaries to tip of snout. .18 -18 
PGA eee cence 2c 2 0.78 0.75 | Ventrals! to isthmus........- .34 Bion 
Mepthe ict sees cece cose act .50 55 | Ventrals2 to anus...........-- .14 015 
HV. O rte ace Soew.cae se omnes 25 o20 | Anus to:anal fini... 2205:- 2. . 20 22 
DOO terse Ae tea a hrsoece -22 -25 | Snout to dorsal fin............ -88 - 88 
Maxillary...... Sane score 24 .28 | Length second dorsal spine...|........-- - 56 
Mandible...-...-... go eee te «3d -33 
1 Anterior edge of base. 2 Posterior edge of base. 


Ventrals inserted under margin of opercle, but shghtly anterior 
to pectoral bases; first dorsal inserted three series of scales behind 
pectorals; interdorsal space equal to diameter of eye; anal inserted 
under last ray of first dorsal (under tip of last ray in paratype); sec- 
ond dorsal spine coarsely serrated (with about 11 spinules, as long as 
head without eye in the paratype; tip broken, so as to prevent meas- 
urement in the type); filament of outer ventral ray reaching second 
anal ray; anus nearer base of ventrals than origin of anal; scales 
thickly beset with short spinules, 30 or more in number, projecting 
nearly at right angle to the surface of the scale; the spmes arranged 
in parallel rows, as many as 12 rows to a scale; but those on head 
have the rows more or less diverging; the upper surfaces of the snout 
and mandibular rami scaled; no special naked area about vent. 

Color of alcoholic specimen dark brown, nearly black on abdomen 
and lower side of head, lining of the mouth and the peritoneum also 


black. 


COELORHYNCHUS FASCIATUS Giinther. 


Numerous specimens from Albatross station 2783, between Hanover 
Island and the mainland, and station 2784, between Wellington 
Island and the mainland, the former in 122 fathoms, the latter in 194. 
The largest is 24 em. long. In most of the specimens the anal has 
more than 62 ras, in one 95. 


22, COELORHYNCHUS CHILENSIS Gilbert and Thompson. 
Plate 6, fig. 1. 


Type and very numerous paratypes from Albatross station 2791, 
in 677 fathoms, off Lota, Chile, 38° 08’ S., 75° 53’ W. Type, a 
specimen 305 mm. in total length. Cat. No. 76861, U.S.N.M. 


474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. von. 50. 


Head 33 in total length, 14 in length to anus; depth 64 and 23 in 
same; orbit 34 in fee snout 22; itenesnal dah 44; maxillary 
34; rail 23; aise premaxillary to tip of snout 3; maxillary 
to lower edge of orbit 6; barbel 33 in eye; D. II, 8-96; A. 99; P. 19; 
W303 branchaosteaals 6. 

ened produced, its length tena ereater than the diameter of 
the large orbit, which is one and two-fifths times as long as wide; a 
strong lateral mdse running from the very acute snout nearly to ‘he 
produced angle of opercle, which overlaps the interopercle completely 
and is as far from orbit as length of snout; the lateral ridge is double- 
crested from below center of eye backward; a central row of spinous 
plates on upper surface of snout, forming crest and extending to 
above anterior margin of orbit without forming a prominent ridge; 
a supraorbital ridge follows around the orbit in front and is con- 
tinued by a low row of scales on lower orbital edge, and also by a low 
ridge in front of nares; posteriorly it is continued by a strong spinous 
ridge running parallel to suborbital ridge and reaching upper angle of 
gill opening; a pair of ridges on occiput, beginning above center of eye, 
separated by a distance equaling three-fifths interorbital space, and 
extending backward to nape with very slight divergence; a strongly 
spinous plate midway between terminations of occipital and of 
supraorbital ridges, situated, however, on body rather than head; 
no ridges, scales, or spines present below suborbital ridges, save a sharp 
spur on mandible at articulation; maxillary ending under center of 
eye; preopercle strongly produced backward, overlapping inter- 
opercle; opercle ending in a stiff spine; teeth in small cardiform bands, 
somewhat larger above and in more series, about four or five above 
and three below anteriorly, very slightly if at all enlarged externally; 
first gill slit as long as one-third orbital diameter. 

Dorsal inserted just behind pectoral base, its second spine smooth; 
interdorsal space equal to vertical diameter of eye; ventrals inserted 
below dorsal insertion, their filamentous first rays reaching front of 
anal; origin of anal behind first dorsal a distance equaling base of 
first dorsal; base of ventrals midway between origin of anal and the 
isthmus; anus immediately before first anal ray. 

Scales present everywhere except on lower surface of head; those 
on body (between insertion of lateral line and dorsal) with four to six 
divergent rows of spinules, the central rows highest and the spinules 
longest posteriorly, latter nearly vertical in position, and making 
body very rough; scales on flanks lacking, so that character can not 
be given; no naked space between ventrals; 5 series of scales between 
lateral line and middle of dorsal, 19 between anal insertion and first 
dorsal. 

Color of all specimens faded, save for black peritoneum and branch- 
iostegal membranes; fins dusky. 


no. 21338. FISHES TAKEN BY “ALBATROSS,” 1888—THOMPSON. 475 








This species is close to Coelorhynchus commutabilis Smith and Rad- 
cliffe, from the Philippines,' differing in size of eye, character of spine 
of first dorsal, barbel, and length of snout. From Coelorhynchus 
canus Garman, it differs in the position of the pectorals, insertion of 
dorsal, anal and ventral fins, length of maxillary, and in character of 
scales. 


Table of measurements in hundredths of body length to anus of Coelorhynchus chilensis 
Gilbert and Thompson. 








Type. Paratypes. 

Total lene thy o5q ic siacsa:c.0ece millimeters. - 305 225 240 190 215 240 
Mene th tO anus. os oss2 ase nccsann do.... 120 98 100 95 85 100 
DUOWL: asec coa- seek soe cee cess eentee 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.25 
EMT ENOL ILA SPACE. oe ane = eis sc.cups een ses -16 oi 15 16 ald S15 
(Oo oF a a ee nS ee -22 .23 24 -23 23 22 
TEV CR Aare ce cisco te wenrss.toaces eee eee . 68 .68 71 69 70 68 
Misia Metin ee <tr aes shea ie eee eect -20 18 21 19 18 19 
INTSATV CTO LG® cocks stein caats o cjoicer cictelbyctarele aidissc- crete .25 24 24 222 23 23 
Tip of snout to premaxillaries........... 22 24 223 .25 24 23 
HSEMUTIS TOLMAN US zee sa cse = cocsee nm aneonas 4 42 245 42 41 43 
SNOUT tO dorsal ios. ccc cescecce sass 13 13 275 275 at 74 
Imterdorsal space. .o2.-=.-Secse02-s-20--s Ld 16 18 22k .16 15 
Distance between terminations of supra- 

and suborbital ridges.............-.---- .20 .20 221 -20 .20 .20 
WorsalraySes stereos: oes ewnckhvse cecal: II, 8-96 at or \ TI, 8 TI, 8 eas Ge \ II, 9-83 
WeniraliTaySs s220: occ ncecoeceee col ace: ia 7 ri 7 | it 7 


COELORHYNCHUS PATAGONIAE Gilbert and Thompson. 
Plate 6, fig. 2. 


Type, a small specimen, 125 mm. in total length, from Albatross 
station 2784, between Wellington Island and the mainland on the 
west coast of Patagonia, in 194 fathoms. 1t is Cat. No. 76862, 
US.N.M. 

Head 44 in total; 14 in length to anus; depth 64 in total, 22 in 
length to anus; orbit 23 in head; interorbital width 43; snout 34; 
maxillary 32; mandible 3}; distance premaxillary to tip of snout 3; 
D. II, 9-63; A. 71; P. 17; V. 7; branchiostegals 6. 

Snout not much produced, equal to two-thirds orbital diameter 
and-the distance from tip of snout to premaxillaries; a strong 
suborbital ridge from tip of snout to produced sharp angle of 
preopercle, which covers the interopercle; suborbital ridge double 
backward from below nares; a broad low median dorsal ridge on 
snout ending above anterior edges of orbits; supraocular ridge but 
little evident, represented by a row of slightly enlarged plates; a 
pair of ridges from interorbital space diverging somewhat at occiput 
until their terminations are a third farther apart than the beginning; 
a low ridge runs from upper border of eye along upper margin of 
opercle, with a larger ridge between it and occipital ridges; lower 
surface of head and jaws naked and unarmed save for the spur 
on mandible at articulation. 





1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 43, p. 128. 


476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. veL. 50. 





Dorsal and ventral fins inserted just behind pectoral base, second 
dorsal spine smooth, the ventral filament reaching seventh or eighth 
anal ray; anal inserted as far behind ventral bases as isthmus is 
forward of same, anus just before anal insertion. 

Scales between lateral line and middle of dorsal 3 in a transverse 
series, between anal insertion and first dorsal 15; four to six divergent 
rows of spinules on each scale, those of flanks equal in size, those 
on scales between occiput and dorsal with a much higher median 
row, the last spinules projecting well beycnd border of scale. 

Color all faded save for dark lining of mouth, gill cavity, and 
body cavity. 

The smaller number of scales above the lateral line and in a trans- 
verse series, the difference in the ridges of the head, the shorter 
snout, and other shght differences in proportions separate this 
species from Coelorhynchus chilensis. No barbel is evident, but 
this may be due to accident. The following measurements are 
in hundredths of the length anterior to anus: 

Total length 125 mm.; length to anus 42 mm.; of snout 0.22; 
width of interorbital space 0.15; diameter of orbit 0.29; length of 
head 0.72; of maxillary 0.20; of mandible 0.24; distance tip of snout 
to premaxillaries 0.24; isthmus to anus 0.45; snout to dorsal 0.78; 
interdorsal space 0.18; distance between terminations of supra- and 
suborbital ridges 0.29; dorsal rays II, 9-63; ventral rays 7. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 2 





1. AGONOPSIS ASPEROCULIS. (PAGE 409.) 





2. SYMPHURUS BERGI. (PAGE 414.) 


















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SW WN has 2 dd) rs? 
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3. NOTOTHENIA GILBERTI. (PAGE 430.) 

















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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 3 











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1. NOTOTHENIA LATIFRONS. (PAGE 434.) 





2. NOTOTHENIA SQUAMICEPS. (PAGE 441.) 





3. NOTOTHENIA JORDANI. (PAGE 443.) 





S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 4 


= 












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1. NOTOTHENIA LONGICAUDA. (PAGE 445.) 





2, |IDIACANTHUS RETRODORSALIS. (PAGE 462.) 





3. LAEMONEMA MULTIRADIATA. (PAGE 469.) 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 5 


53 
APS sty IIS NY 
ye es 3 3 
yy 33991379 | 
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1. CORYPHAENOIDES ARIOMMUS. (PAGE 471.) 


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2. NEZUMIA PUDENS. (PAGE 472.) 





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U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 6 





1. COELORHYNCHUS CHILENSIS. (PAGE 473.) 





2. COELORHYNCHUS PATAGONIAE. (PAGE 475.) 








NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS OF THE 
SUBFAMILIES ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND 
PODURINAE. 


By Justus W. Fotsom, 
Of the University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. 


The present paper treats of all the known species of North Amer- 
ican Poduridae, with the exception of the subfamily Onychiurinae. 

Special acknowledgment is due to Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, of the 
University of Illinois, from whom I have received large collections 
of notable importance. 

Through the courtesy of Prof. Henry F. Nachtrieb, of the Uni- 
versity of Minnesota, I have obtained for study many of the species 
described by Guthrie. 

From Mrs. F. ‘L. Harvey, of Orono, Maine, I acquired the large 
collection made by Professor Harvey. 

Through the kindness of Mr. Samuel Henshaw I was enabled 
some years ago to study all of Packard’s material in the Museum of 
Comparative Zoélogy. 

Cotypes have been deposited in the United States National 
Museum, Washington, District of Columbia, and in the Museum of 
Comparative Zoélogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 


SYNOPSIS OF SUBFAMILIES. 


COLLEMBOLA. 


Body elongate; segmentation evident; the nine body segments being distinct as a 
rule; the exceptions applying only to the last two or three abdominal segments. 
Suborder ARTHROPLEONA Borner. 
Body segments essentially similar; prothorax similar to the other segments and with 
setae dorsally; never reduced or naked; postantennal organ usually present; 
antennae short, four-segmented; mouth parts mandibulate or piercing-suctorial; 
unguiculus frequently absent; furcula present or absent; when present, clearly 
appended to the fourth abdominal segment; anal spines often present; integu- 
ment tuberculate, not thickened in the form of sclerites; scales absent. 
Family PODURIDAE Lubbock, Borner. 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 50—No. 2134. 
477 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50, 


Head and body without pseudocelli; eyes present or absent; postantennal organ: 


usually present; furcula present or absent; sense-organ of third antennal | 


segment with sense-rods, but without sense-cones and outer papillae. 

Head prognathous; unguiculi present or absent; furcula not extending 
beyond the ventral tube; dentes not divided into two segments; not 
ringed distally, not bowed. 

Mouth parts mandibulate, not projecting in a cone; mandibles with a 

molar surface; furcula present; anal spines usually present. 

Subfamily AcHoruTINAE Borner, 19016 (p. 478). 

Mouth parts mandibulate or piercing-suctorial, projecting in a cone in 

most of the genera; mandibles small or absent, without molar sur- 

PACE SSC Waser eee Subfamily NEANURINAE Borner, 19015. 

Anal segment relatively small; supra-anal valve rounded, not 
bilobed; furcula present or absent; segmental tubercles absent. 

Tribe PszEuDACHORUTINI Borner, 1906 (p. 498). 

Anal segment relatively large; supra-anal valve bilobed; unguiculus 

absent; furcula absent; segmental tubercles present; buccal cone 

present; anal spinesabsent. . Tribe NeEaNnurtN1Borner, 1901d(p.507). 

Head hypognathous; unguiculi absent; furcula extending beyond the ventral 
tube; dentes two-segmented, ringed distally, bowed outward. 

Subfamily Popurrae Borner, 1906 (p. 513). 

Head and body with pseudocelli; eyes absent; postantennal organs almost always 
present and well developed; mouth parts mandibulate, mandibles with molar 
surface; furcula absent or rudimentary; sense-organ of third antennal segment 
with sense-rods, sense-cones, and often with outer papillae; anal spines usually 
provent.2-. dae ee eho ieeods fee oe Subfamily OnycuiurINAE Borner, 1906. 


Subfamily ACHORUTINAE Borner. 


Achorutini BORNER, 1901a. 
Achorutinae BORNER, 1901b. 
Hypogastrurinae BORNER, 1906. 


KEY TO GENERA OF ACHORUTINAE. 


1. Furcula ‘present; ‘eyes’ presOnt. oe. oc.c css... 2 conch ememan ove eiclneiseee renee 2. 
Fureula absent; eyes absent; postantennal organs present; unguiculus present; 
anal spines minute or absent: white or yellow...........- Willemia Borner. 


2. Eyes eight on each side; postantennal organs present; furcula well developed. ..3. 
Eyes five on each side; postantennal organs absent; unguiculus absent; furcula 
often more or less reduced; anal spines two, usually minute. X enyllaTullberg, p.495. 

3. Postantennal organs with four to seven peripheral tubercles. Achorutes Templeton, 4. 
Postantennal organs each with a single large elongate suboval tubercle; un- 


guiculus absent; anal spines absent................... Beckerella Linnaniemi. 
4. Unguicnlus presen hcg oa 5.6 © 5 isin a Sponge a'ota se sn sieio neeioele Achorutes Templeton, p. 478. 
neice ROACNG. 3) cone kan ioe ee epee Subgenus Schéttella Schiffer, p. 494. 


Genus ACHORUTES Templeton. 


Achorutes TEMPLETON, 1835.—TULLBERG, 1872. 
Hypogastrura BouRLET, 1842.—B6RNER, 1906. 


Eyes eight on each side of the head. Postantennal organs each 
with four (seldom more) peripheral tubercles. Antennae cylindrical, 
-four-segmented. Mouth parts mandibulate; mandibles with a well- 





no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 479 


developed subapical many-toothed molar surface. Unguiculus pres- 
ent (except in subgenus Schéttella), Clavate tenent hairs present in 
most species. Furcula and tenaculum present. Anal spines pres- 
ent (except in some species of Schéttella), usually two. Integument 
tuberculate. 

— The genus Hypogastrura Bourlet, revived by Bérner (’06, p. 156) 
and adopted by some writers, is invalid. In 1839 Bourlet made 
the genus Hypogastrura to receive a single species, Podura aquatica 
Linnaeus. In 1842 he used the same name in a new sense for species 
of Achorutes. Hypogastrura is a homonym, and the type of Hypo- 
gastrura is not Achorutes murorum but Podura aquatica Linnaeus. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF ACHORUTES, 


1. Dentes with several or many large dorsal teeth; color dark blue............... De 
anion wllNouy Gord leettiess ss ts.25 cae oe See e Le eee tee Suc Wea eakeoaeee Be 
Peed eis MUNGO ss sens Sots w ee ach ele de See Hee socialis, p. 484. 
Peninwes pine ONG Wi ms Rite sage ire acne age be A Aa oe oe harveyi, p. 486. 

3. One long tenent hair, usually but not always clavate.......-.....--.---+++--- 4, 
itwouor three long clavate tenent hairs.<.. 605.2 20s. ese ese ok cede ee kee eee 12. 
Pee SUIOs PROSOIG hi occ news cess elem ater oe Sedo's ha be Sesseg womens ee 5. 
Anal spines absent; yellow mottled with brown..........--.-.---- tigrina, p. 480. 

5. Body with stout capitate hairs; color dark blue..................packardi, p. 482. 
GevanuUOli canto DAW: soc. ness lacsmscdcauccdesnnedneopene ep eeceses 6. 

6. Anal spines long, at least three-quarters as long as hind ungues...........--..-- a 
Anal spines short, one-third to one-half as long as hind ungues...........--.-. 10. 

7. Outer lamella of mucro with a large subtriangular lobe (fig. J11)..-............ 8. 
Outer lamella of mucro with a small subtriangular lobe (fig. 92) or with entire 
PeNe eAneneete e ES ahs Cio Baths le cmirai diate Soe ae Sie kW ak hehe Sateen nee oP 


8. Anal spines long; at least as long as the hind ungues; lobe of outer lamella not 
thickened distally; antennae with a large eversible sac between the third and 
POMPE TOI GSece ck casio oh ta tbe e Ue! ettaos mesic eine Sages armatus, p. 491. 

Anal spines three-quarters as long as hind ungues; lobe of outer lamella ter- 
minating distally in a large tooth-like thickening; no eversible antennal 


eee errata Ase ha Pale e Mex be ae de owe mcek aha oe pseudarmatus, p. 490. 

9. Outer lamella of mucro with a small ee uae lobe; anal spines equal to, 
or longer than, hind qmewes. <2. -scvesen.cb< suis Sosy ..guthriei, p. 489. 
Outer lamella of mucro with entire dorsal margin; anal Shee Sree: -quarters as 
fon gan UNG NOUR a2 o.cc.. 2 Soe. eh eee oe packardi, var. dentatus, p. 483. 

10. Anal spines one-half as long as hind ungues; mucro not hooked apically; dark 
ip eee oe cee See a coe ie Ee ee sae copiosus, p. 480. 

Anal spines less than one-half as long as hind ungues; mucro hooked apically.-.11. 

UL USL i bid at 6]: a ee maturus, p. 481. 
Cream yellow, marked with pale purple. ............-.-....-- brevispinus, p. 482. 

12. Outer lamella of mucro large (fig. 86); ventral margin of mucro rounded dis- 
LRM Pea Seite ia tale sis aie Ga aimee Sala eRe eia's cieln's ee slaw eee s cee te viaticus, p. 489. 
Outer lamella small, narrow; ventral margin of mucro almost suHieHt Pa. eae 13% 


13. Anal spines minute, less than one-fourth as long as hind ungues 
’ macgillivrayi, p. 488. 
Anal spines one-third to one-half as long as hind ungues..........--.--.------ 14, 
Pee Mucro-with, UptuIned APOX =... <<. 2-600 55 cemencisnedscciasseo-e-tullbergt, p. 487. 
REMIT MiAIZ NG ADICAN Yas gee cin ce te ames cr visite we arewcniee a cicahe weka'ai humi, p. 487. 


A80 PROCDEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Achorutes longispinus MacGillivray (793, p. 315) is an Isotoma, as I 
have found from an examination’ of four of the cotypes which were 
kindly sent to me by the author of the species. 


ACHORUTES TIGRINA Harvey. 
Plate 8, figs. 7-9. 


Achorutes tigrina Harvey, 1900. 


“The ground color straw yellow mottled with patthes of deep 
brown; the sutures show the ground color and give a transversely 
banded appearance; the dark markings on the dorsum arranged 
in three interrupted longitudinal bands, one median and the others 
lateral, alternating with the ground color; these longitudinal stripes 
show more plainly on the middle of the body, where each segment 
bears about three blotches in each band.” Eye-patches approxi- 
mate; eyes eight on each side (fig. 7). Postantennal organ (see 
beyond). Antennae as long as the head; segments as 3:8:6:9; 
second and third subcylindrical; fourth rounded conical. Body 
slender, subcylindrical; abdomen scarcely dilated. Ungues (fig. 8) 
broad, slightly curving, with inner margin unidentate beyond the 
middle. Unguiculus two-thirds as long as unguis on first and second 
pairs, one-half as long on third pair; with small semi-elliptical 
lamella preceded by a rounded basal lobe, and with setaceously 
produced outer margin; claws minutely tuberculate. One long 
tenent hair, minutely knobbed. Furcula not quite extending to 
the second abdominal segment; manubrium stout, trapezoidal; 
dentes (fig. 9) obese, with apex one-third as broad as the base; 
mucrones (fig. 9) one-third dentes in length, simple, rounded api- 
cally. Anal spines absent. Body thickly clothed with long stiff 
setae and long curving hairs. Length, 1.3 mm. 

The postantennal organs, as I found them, were simple circular 
organs, as in figure 7. I examined them in but one specimen, how- 
ever, having only three of Harvey’s cotypes at my disposal, so I 
can not say whether they were abnormal in this specimen or not. 

This species was described originally from eight cotypes, found on 
bark in the woods at Poronal, Maine, in May, by O. O. Stover. 


ACHORUTES COPIOSUS, new species. 
Plate 8, figs. 10-14. 


Achorutes schneideri SCHAFFER, GUTHRIE, 1903. 


Blackish blue. Eyes eight on each side. Antennae slightly longer 
than the head; fourth segment about twice as long as the third. 
Unguis (fig. 10) slender, unidentate about one-third from apex. 
Unguiculus more than half as long as unguis, with rounded basal 
lamella and with distal half acuminate. Claws minutely tuberculate. 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 48] 


Tenent hair single, knobbed, unusually long, about one and one-half 
times as long as the unguis. Dentes gradually tapering. Mucrones 
two-sevenths as long as dentes, minutely tuberculate, in form as in 
figures 11 and 12. Anal spines (fig. 13) two, half as long as hind 
ungues, curving, on prominent contiguous papillae, which are shorter 
than the spines. Clothing mostly of short curving setae, as in figure 
14. Length, 1.6 mm. in specimens studied by me; 2.25 mm. accord- 
ing to Guthrie. 

The present description and figures are from 13 cotypes (slide No. 
53a, Univ. of Minn.), collected by Guthrie, May 2, 1899, in Minnesota. 

This species is not the European A. schneideri Schaffer, as I have 
learned by comparing it with seven specimens of the latter sent to 
me by Doctor Schaffer. In schneider (synonymous with sahlbergi 
Reuter) the anal spines are straight and not longer than the papillae, 
and the mucrones and unguiculi are different in form from those of 
this species. 

Guthrie found this form to be abundant in moist situations, as _ 
under boards and in crevices in a living tree where the sap was 
exuding. 

The cotypes are in the collection of the University of Minnesota. 


ACHORUTES MATURUS, new species. 
Plate 8, figs. 15-21. 
Achorutes schéttti REUTER, GUTHRIE, 1903. 
’ ? 


Dark blue, grayish blue, or grayish, with round or oval spots made 
by hypodermal nuclei. Eyes eight on each side. Postantennal 
organs (fig. 15) with four peripheral tubercles and a large oval 
‘‘Nebenhécker.”’ Antennae shorter than the head, with segments as 
11:14:17:26, inrelative lengths. Sense-organ of third antennal seg- 
ment asin figure 16. Body stout. Unguis (fig. 17) stout, unidentate 
beyond the middle of the inner margin. Unguiculus about half as 
long as unguis, lanceolate, acuminate. One long knobbed tenent 
hair, often extending as far as the apex of the unguis. Dentes stout, 
slightly tapering, not swollen apically and without large dorsal 
tubercles. Mucro (figs. 18, 19) two-fifths dens in length, elongate- 
triangular, with outer lamella terminating before the apex, which is 
rounded and upturned. Anal spines (fig. 20) two, slightly curving. 
small, less than one-third the hind ungues in length. Clothing (fig, 
21) sparse, of short stiff setae. Length, 1 mm. 

This species resembles the European manubrialis Tullberg (schétti 
Reuter), for which Guthrie mistook it. I have compared two of 
Guthrie’s specimens with four of manubrialis, which I received from 
Doctor Schiffer, and find that maturus differs in having no coarse 
dorsal tubercles on the dentes, in having relatively longer dentes, 
curving anal spines, and another type of clothing. 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16—81 


482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Illinois.—Urbana, March 30, April 12, 30, May 2, 7, abundant in 
woodlands, in humus, and on agarics. 

Minnesota.—April 8, J. E. Guthrie (Univ. of Minn.). 

The cotypes are in the collection of the University of Minnesota. 


ACHORUTES BREVISPINUS Harvey. 
Plate 9, figs. 22-28. 


Achorutes brevispinus Harvey, 1893. 


Cream yellow above, with pale purple patches and streaks; dorsum 
with several interrupted stripes. Eye patches reniform. Eyes eight 
on each side. Postantennal organs (figs. 22, 23) large, with four or 
five peripheral tubercles. Antennae subequal to head in length; seg- 
ments as 4:5:6:8 in relative lengths; second and third segments 
shghtly expanding; fourth ovate. Body subfusiform. Ungues (fig. 
24) slender, curving, unidentate two-fifths from the apex. Ungui- 
culus long, extending beyond the middle of the unguis, slender, grad- 
ually tapering from base to apex. One clavate tenent hair. Manu- 
brium as long as the remainder of the furcula. Dentes slender, taper- 
ing. Mucro (figs. 25, 26) almost one-half as long as dens, lamellate, 
with a blunt apical hook and a subapical dorsal excavation. Anal 
spines (fig. 27) two-fifths as long as hind ungues, slender, feebly 
curving, on small, slightly separated papillae. Clothing (fig. 28) of 
_ sparse short curving denticulate setae, with a few longer setae on 
the posterior part of the abdomen. Maximum length, 2.5 mm. 

Redescribed from Harvey’s cotypes. 

This species was found to be exceedingly abundant during the 
winter in celery, stored in a cellar; it was also noticed out-of-doors 
in autumn in potato hills. 

Orono, Maine, February, March, April 22, November, December, 
F. L. Harvey. 


ACHORUTES PACKARDI Folsom. 
Plate 9, figs. 29-33. 


Achorutes nivicola PackarpD, 1873.—LINTNER, 1885.—MacGILLIvRrAy, 1891.— 
- Harvey, 1893. 

Schoturus nivicola LINTNER, 1896. 

Achorutes packardi Fousom, 1902a. 


Dark indigo blue throughout. Eyes eight on each side. Post- 
antennal organs (fig. 29) with four peripheral tubercles. Antennae 
shorter than the head, with segments as 5:8:7:10. Ungues (fig. 30) 
stout, untoothed. Unguiculi of hind feet two-fifths as long as the 
ungues, slender, with apical half acuminate; of the other feet, one- 
fourth as long as the ungues and small. Tenent hair stout, exceed- 
ing the unguis in length. Dens (fig. 31) without dorsal teeth. Mucro 
(fig. 31) one-fifth as long as dens, in form like the end of a canoe, 
with apex often upturned. Anal spines (fig. 32) two, almost as long 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 483 





as the ungues, curving, on large contiguous papillae. Clothing (fig. 
33) of many stout surving serrate setae of moderate length and fewer 
long stiff capitate setae, more or less serrate. Maximum length, 
2.5 mm. 

This is the species that Packard redescribed as nivicola Fitch. 
Packard’s specimens are not in the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy, 
with the rest of his Essex County material, but I have his original 
drawings, which leave no doubt as to what species he regarded as 
nivicola. Harvey and Lintner depended upon Packard’s account of 
nicola, and the specimens to which they applied that name are, 
indeed, the same species that Packard had in hand; this I have 
learned from an examination of the identical specimens that Harvey 
and Lintner used in preparing the papers mentioned above in the 
synonymy. 

This species is frequently found on red maple trees, crawling on 
the trunk or remaining under the bark or in crevices, especially about 
the base of a tree. I have occasionally found it under the loose 
bark of pine, oak, and apple trees, or about the roots; or clustered 
under moss ona stone. In Massachusetts full-grown individuals occur 
from mid-April until the middle of June; a second brood begins to 
appear late in June and has disappeared by the last of August. I 
have twice (April 22, 29) found abundant eggs of this species under the 
loose moist bark of red maple roots, protected by the sod; they 
were pale yellow, spherical, 135 micra in diameter, in irregular 
masses, and hatched in a little less than one month. 

Maine.—Orono, February, March 10, 15, May, F. L. Harvey. 

Massachusetts.—Cambridge, April 17, 22, 29, May 2, 4, June 11. 
Arlington, April 17. Lexington, May 10, 11. 

New York.—Ithaca, January 30, J. H. Comstock; February 24, 
A. D. MacGillivray. Stockport, April 18, Mrs. J. A. Lathrop. 
Ghent, April 13, E. C. Powell (N. Y. State Coll.). Monsey, March 
21, H. Glasgow. 

Pennsylvania.—Harrisburg, March 23, H. A. Surface. 

Maryland.—Newark, January 24, Beckwith (N. Y. State Coll.). 

Ohio.—Salem, March 21, A. D. MacGillivray. 

Tllinois.—Urbana, April 9, 11, 25. Lagrange, November 6, J. J. 
Davis. 


Canada.—Toronto, Ontario, June 26, R. J. Crew. 





ACHORUTES PACKARDI Folsom, var. DENTATUS Folsom. 


Plate 10, figs. 34-41. 


Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus Foisom, 1902a. 
Achorutes lapponicus AX ELSON, 1902. 
Hypogastrura lapponica (Axelson) LINNANIEMT, 1912. 


In this variety all the ungues (fig. 34) are unidentate; the mu- 
crones are one-fourth as long as the dentes, and in form as in figures 


484 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


35 to 39; the erect capitate setae characteristic of typical packardi 
are absent, though some of the setae on the posterior part of the abdo- 
men may be obscurely capitate. In other respects the variety agrees 
with the typical form. 

I have found this variety under the loose bark of pine, red maple, 
and oak trees, especially at the base of the roots; and it occurs 
sometimes on snow. In Massachusetts it has at least three broods, 
which mature at intervals of six or seven weeks. 

Dentatus is a seasonal variety of packardi. I have raised the latter 
from eggs of the former, which hatched May 20 (Massachusetts). 

I agree with Linnaniemi (12, p. 32) that his A. lapponicus of 
Finland and Sweden is probably this variety dentatus. The distal 
tibiotarsal hairs are often feebly clavate in dentatus and apparently 
strongly clavate in lapponicus. The name dentatus (March, 1902) 
antedates lapponicus (‘fMitgeteilt am 5. April, 1902”’). 

Maine.—Orono, March 10, 15, May 1, 3, F. L. Harvey. 

Massachusetts.—Arlington, April 10, 13, 23, 30, May 23, Sep- 
tember 10. 

New York.—Ithaca, April 12, A. D. MacGillivray. , Ghent, April 
13, E. C. Powell (N. Y. State Coll.). 

Ohio.—Salem, March 18, A. D. MacGillivray. 


ACHORUTES SOCIALIS Uzel. 
Plate 7, fig. 1; plate 10, figs. 42-46; plate 11, figs. 47-50. 

Podura nivicola Frren, 1847. 

Achorutes socialis UzEL, 1890.—ScuotTt, 1894a, 18966, 1902.—ScHArrer, 1896.— 
Cart, 1899, 1901.—ReruTER, 1900.—ABsoLon, 1901b.—LIE-PETTERSEN, 
1901.—KravusBavER, 1902.—GuTHRIE, 1903.—WAHLGREN, 1906b.—(AXEL- 
SON) LINNANIEMI, 1907. 

Schoturus nivicola MacGituivRay, 1893b.—DaLuA Torre, 1895. 

Achorutes diversiceps LINTNER, 1896. 

Achorutes spinifer SCHAFFER, 1896. 

Achorutes nivicola Fousom, 1902a.—AxELSoN, 1904.—Lizn-PETTERSEN, 1907. 

Hypogastrura socialis LINNANIEMI, 1912. 


Dark indigo blue throughout. Eyes (fig. 42) eight on each side. 
Postantennal organs (fig. 43) with four peripheral tubercles. Anten- 
nae about as long as the head, with segments as 7:9:10:15; basal 
segment subglobose, second and third subcylindrical, fourth rounded 
conical. Olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment (fig. 44) six to 
ten—four to eight outer and two inner. Sense-organ of third antennal 
segment (fig. 45) with two oblong-clavate curving processes. Body 
elongate, abdomen subfusiform, last segment subcylindrical. Unguis 
(fig. 46) slightly curving, with inner margin unidentate about one- 
third from the apex. Unguiculus extending about half as far as 
unguis, basally subovate, apically acicular. One long tenent hair 
with a minute knob. Distal tibiotarsal hairs apically bent and often 
feebly knobbed. Dentes (fig. 47) stout, subcylindrical, apically 





> 
a 


No. 2184. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 485 


broad and rounded, bearing dorsally four to seven prominent acutely- 
conical teeth, besides several or many smaller pointed teeth. Mucro 
(figs. 47, 48) one-fourth as long as dens, inserted on inner side of apex 
of dens, and somewhat boat-shaped; in profile, suboblong, feebly cury- 
ing, apically retuse or emarginate. Anal spines (fig. 49) two, small, 
conical, erect or curving slightly forward, on low, separated papillae. 
Clothing (fig. 50) of simple setae. Maximum length, 2 mm. ‘ 

The postantennal organ rarely has five peripheral tubercles. The 
“Nebenhécker” is round or rounded-triangular. The sense-organ 
of the third antennal segment is essentially the same in American 
and European specimens (compare my fig. 45 with Absolon, ’016, 
fig. 1). The “Riechzipfchen” of the fourth antennal segment, how- 
ever, are often longer and more curving than they appear in the figure 
given by Absolon (’01b, p. 583). The teeth of the dentes are modi- 
fied cuticular tubercles; on the proximal side of the large teeth there 
are often several small teeth which merge into the minute tubercles 
of the integument (fig. 47). The mucro varies somewhat in form, 
chiefly in the depth of the apical notch, which is sometimes almost 
absent; in a few specimens I have seen the form of mucro represented 
by Schott (94a, pl. 7, fig. 7), but in only a few out of many hundreds 
of specimens examined. 

Owing to the inadequacy of Fitch’s original description of Podura 
nivicola I redescribed his species in 1902. The first competent 
description of the species was given, however, by Uzel in 1890; hence 
his name socialis should be used instead of nivicola. 

North American specimens agree accurately with three Swedish 
examples of socialis which were determined by Schétt and sent to 
me by Schiffer. 

I sent American specimens to Schiffer, who replied that his Acho- 
rutes spinifer was a color variety of nivicola (socialis). 

Lintner’s diversiceps is a synonym of secialis Uzel. I have studied 
Lintner’s cotypes through the kindness of Dr. E. P. Felt. 

For the loan of Guthrie’s specimens of A. socialis I am indebted to 


Prof. H. F. Nachtrieb. 


This is an abundant species in our forests in the winter and fore part of spring. At 
any time in the winter, whenever afew days of mild weather occur, the surface of 
the snow, often over whole acres of woodland, may be found sprinkled more or less 
thickly with these minute fleas, looking, at first sight, as though gunpowder had 
been there scattered. Hollows and holes in the snow, out of which the insects are 
unable to throw themselves readily, are often black with the multitudes which here 
become imprisoned. The hairs which clothe their bodies enable them to float 
buoyantly upon the surface of water without becoming wet. When the snow is 
melting so as to produce small rivulets coursing along the tracks of the lumberman’s 
sleigh, these snow-fleas are often observed, floating passively in its current, in such 
numbers as to form continuous strings ; whilst the eddies and still pools gather them 
in such myriads as to wholly hide the element beneath them. In the early spring 
the buckets and troughs of the manufacturer of maple sugar are often thronged with 
these insects. (Fitch.) 


486 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. °  vot.50. 





Achorutes socialis is a common species in most parts of Europe. 

Maine.—Orono, February 18, March 6, April 15, May 6, F. L. 
Harvey. Norway, March 11, May 7, F. Howe, jr. 

Massachusetts.—Arlington, April 12, 15. Belmont, April 19, 
May 5. Concord, October 16, H. B. Bigelow. Winchester, Febru- 
ary 9, R. W. Hall. Wellesley, January 28, September 10, A. P. 
Ngee (Cornell Univ.). 

New York.—Center, J. A. aiteaer Karner, April 26, J. A. Lint- 
ner (N. Y. State Coll.). Otto, J. H. Comstock. 

Pennsylvania.—Osceola, A. D. MacGillivray. 

Michigan.—Agricultural College, May, R. H. Pettit. 


ACHORUTES HARVEYI Folsom. 
Plate 11, figs. 51-58. 


Achorutes harveyi Fousom, 1902a. 
? Achorutes frigidus AXELSON, 1905b.—(AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1907. 
? Hypogastrura frigida (AxELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1912. 

Dark indigo blue throughout. Eyes (fig. 51) eight on each side. 
Postantennal organs (fig. 52) smaller than the eyes, with four (some- 
times five) peripheral tubercles. Antennae slightly longer than the 
head, with segments as 10:13:13:20; first two segments subclavate, 
last two subcylindrical. Olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment. 
Sense-organ of third antennal segment consists of two oblong- 
clavate curving processes. Body elongate, abdomen subfusiform. 
Unguis (fig. 53) slightly curving, unidentate about one-third from the 
apex. Unguiculus basally suboblong, apically acuminate. One long 
tenent hair with bent apex. The remaining distal tibiotarsal hairs 
are usually bent at the tips and often minutely knobbed. Dentes 
(figs. 54, 55) stout, subcylindrical, apically broad and rounded, 
bearing dorsally two irregular rows of acutely conical teeth, usually 
7 to 18 in number. Mucrones (figs. 54-56) almost one-fourth as 
long as dentes, similar to those of socialis inform. Anal spines (fig. 
57) two, long (almost as long as the ungues), on prominent approxi- 
mate papillae; beside each spine is a large hair, apically blunt or 
feebly knobbed. Clothing (fig. 58) of simple setae. Length, 2.6 mm. 

Achorutes frigidus Axelson is closely allied to this species, with 
which it may prove to be synonymous. 

Maine.—Orono, F. L. Harvey. Norway, February 23, F. Howe, jr. 

Massachusetts.—Arlington, January 16, March 1, 10, 20, April 
8, 9, 12, 30. 

New York.—Ithaca, April 12, A. D. MacGillivray. 

Maryland.—Annapolis, January 15, C. E. Munroe (M. C. Z.). 


No. 2184. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 487 





ACHORUTES HUMI, new species. 
Plate 12, figs. 59-66. 


Purplish, yellowish, or greenish above; pigment purple, ground 
color pale yellow; white or pale yellow beneath; antennae purple. 
Eye spots black, conspicuous. Eyes (fig. 59) eight on each side. 
Postantennal organs (fig. 60) with four subequal peripheral tubercles. 
Antennae slightly shorter than the head; segments as 17:17:20:30 
in relative lengths. Sense-organ of third antennal segment as in 
figure 61. Unguis (fig. 62) stout, without teeth or feebly unidentate 
one-fourth from the apex. Unguiculus long (fig. 62); basal lamella 
suboblong; distal half acicular. Tenent hairs 3, 3, 3, knobbed and 
long. Rami of tenaculum tridentate. Dens three times as long as 
mucro, with six dorsal setae. Mucro elongate, in form as in figures 
63 and 64, with semi-elliptical outer lamella, terminating before the 
apex. Anal spines (fig. 65) short (less than half as long as hind 
ungues), stout, curving, on papillae that are shorter than the spines. 
Clothing of short setae, stiff or curving (fig. 66), and sparse except 
on the posterior part of the abdomen. Length, 0.8 mm. 

I have taken this species in abundance in woodlands in damp soil 
and among dead leaves on the ground. 

Urbana, Illnois, April 19, 26, May 2. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19899, U.S.N.M. 


ACHORUTES TULLBERGI Schiffer. 
Plate 12, figs. 67-73. 


Achorutes dubius TULLBERG, 1876.—UzxEt, 1890.—Scuotr, 1894a.—DaiA TorRE, 
1895.—ScHAFFER, 1896.—Sxkorikow, 1900. 

Achorutes dubius, var. concolor CARPENTER, 1900. 

Achorutes tullbergi SCHAFFER, 1900. 

Achorutes tullbergi, var. concolor SCHAFFER, 1900b.—WAHLGREN, 1907. 

Uniform blackish blue. Eyes (fig. 67) eight on each side. Post- 
antennal organs (fig. 68) with four (sometimes five) peripheral 
tubercles. Antennae shorter than the head; segments as 6:7:9:9 in 
relative lengths ; sense-organ of third segment as in figure 69. Ungues 
(fig. 70) stout, slightly curving; Inner margin unidentate one-third 
from apex. Uneuiculi with setaceously prolonged outer margin and 
with the basal lamella suboblong on the second and third pairs of 
feet. Tenent hairs knobbed; 2, 3, 3, as a rule; occasionally 3, 3, 3, or 
1, 8, 3. Mucrones (fig. 71) one-third dentes in length, elongate- 
cuneate, apically rounded, with narrow lamella. Anal spines (fig. 72) 
two, half as long as hind ungues, arcuate, on prominent contiguous 
papillae. Clothing (fig. 73) of sparse short curving setae, with longer 
setae on the posterior part of the abdomen. Length, 2 mm. 
The variety concolor of Carpenter is pigmented TREO aly while 

typical dubius is flecked with pigment. 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Specimens from Massachusetts agree in all essential respects with 
the original brief diagnosis by Tuliberg and with the description by 
Carpenter, who compared his Franz-Josef specimens with Spitzbergen 
examples sent to him by Dr. C. Schiffer. The Massachusetts speci- 
mens belong to the variety concolor, but differ from Carpenter’s 
description and figures in having stouter antennal segments, uniden- 
tate ungues and straighter mucrones. I sent some of these specimens 
to Schiffer, who reported that they were dubius Tullberg, and changed 
the name to tullbergi; the name dubius having been previously used 
by Templeton for another species of Achorutes. 

I found large colonies of this species at Revere, Massachusetts, 
August 23 and 25, under wet boards on a salt marsh. 


ACHORUTES MACGILLIVRAYI, new species. 
Plate 138, figs. 74-81. 


Pale mottled blue above, pale beneath; or uniform dark blue above. 
Kye patches oval, remote from antennae. Eyes eight on each side. 
Postantennal organs (figs. 74, 75) with four or five peripheral tubercles. 
Antennae longer than the head, with segments as 7:8:9:20 in relative 
lengths. Sense-organ of third antennal segment as in figure 76. 
Unguis (fig. 77) feebly curving, inner margin unidentate one-third 
from apex. Unguiculus one-half to three-fifths as long as unguis, 
with broad rounded basal lamella, and with apical half acuminate. 
Tenent hairs knobbed, 2, 3, 3 or 8, 3, 3, the middle hair larger than 
the other two. Dentes subcylindrical, slender, untoothed. Mucrones 
(fig. 78) one-fourth dentes in length, elongate-cuneate in profile, with 
projecting blunt apex and dorsal subapical notch. Anal spines 
(figs. 79, 80) two, about as long as the lamella of an unguiculus, stout, 
almost straight, on large contiguous papillae. Clothing (fig. 81) of 
sparse minute setae, with long stiff setae on the appendages and the 
extremity of the abdomen. Length, 1.6 mm. 

This species resembles Achorutes purpurescens Lubbock, from 
which it differs chiefly in the form of the mucrones and unguiculi and 
in the type of clothing. Purpurescens, of which I have received six 
European specimens from Dr. Caesar Schiffer, has long stiff setae in a 
row across the middle of almost every body-segment which are lacking 
in this species. 

Described from numerous cotypes collected at Ithaca, New York, 
by Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, after whom the species is named, and sent 
to me some years ago by him and also by Prof. F. L. Harvey, of Orono, 
Maine. 

New York.—Ithaca, April 18, May 2, September 4, November 
12, under damp leaves and on surface of standing water, A. D. 
MacGillivray. 

Illimois.—Galesburg, March, on surface of lake, J. G. Needham. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19900, U.S.N.M. 





No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 489 


ACHORUTES VIATICUS Tullberg. 
Plate 13, figs. 82-88. 

Achorutes viaticus TULLBERG, 1872, 1876.—Scuorr, 1891b, 18940, 1896a.—REUTER, 
1895.—Scuirrer, 1896, 1897, 1900b.—Liz-PETTERSEN, 1897, 1898.—ScHER- 
BAKOV, 1898.—CaRL, 1899, 1901.—CARPENTER and Evans, 1899.—WAHLGREN, 
1899a, 1900a.—Sxorikow, 1900.—WittEeM, 1900.—BG6rNeER, 1901d.— Kravs- 
BAUER, 1901.—AXELSON, 1905a, 19056, 1906.—(AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 
1907.—SHOEBOTHAM, 1914. 

Achorutes humicola MEINERT, 1896. 

Hypogastrura viatica (AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1911, 1912. 


Uniform dark blue. Eyes (fig. 82), eight on each side. Post- 
antennal organs (fig. 83) small, scarcely larger than one of the eyes, 
with four or five peripheral tubercles. Antennae shorter than the 
head, with segments as 6:5:7:7 in relative lengths. Fourth antennal 
segment with four or five olfactory hairs. Abdomen shghtly dilated. 
Unguis (fig. 84) long, slender, feebly curving, minutely unidentate 
two-fifths from the apex. Unguiculus half as long as unguis; 
proximal half with a broad suboblong lamella; distal half acicular. 
Tenent hairs clavate; 3, 3, 3 or sometimes 2, 3, 3; the middle hair 
longer than the other two. Rami of tenaculum quadridentate. 
Dentes three times as long as mucrones. Mucrones (figs. 85, 86) 
subovate in lateral aspect, with apical third falcate and outer lamella 
proximally broad and rounded, distally excavate. Anal spines 
(fig. 87) one-fourth to two-fifths as long as hind ungues, curving, on 
prominent adjacent papillae, which are about one-third as long as 
the spines. Clothing of numerous setae (fig. 88), short and curving, 
or longer, stout and stiff; the latter often feebly denticulate. Length, 
2mm. ‘ 

The tooth of the unguis is often absent. The outer lamella of the 
mucro varies considerably in form. 

This species was reported from California by Schétt) ’91b, p. 23; 
96a, p. 186), who said that the specimens from that State agreed 
fully with those of Sweden. I have never scen North American 
specimens of this species; hence have made my description and 
figures from. 16 European examples that I have received from Dr. 
C. Schiffer. 

Achorutes viaticus is a widely distributed species, occurring through- 
out Europe, in Siberia, Greenland, and other Arctic localities, North 
America, Argentina, and subantarctic South America. 


California.—San Francisco, B. Eisen (Cal. Acad. Sci.). 
ACHORUTES GUTHRIEI, new species. 
Plate 14, figs. 89-94. 
Achorutes longispinus TULLBERG, GUTHRIE, 1903. 


Dark blue. Eyes, eight on each side. Postantennal organs (fig. 
89) with four peripheral tubercules. Antennae shorter than the 
head. Sense organ of third antennal segment as in figure 90. 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


Unguis (fig. 91) unidentate near the middle of the inner margin. 
Unguiculus about half as long as unguis, with rounded or suboblong 
basal lamella and with apical two-thirds tapering to a point. Tenent 
hair single, unknobbed. Mucrones two-fifths as long as dentes, 
almost as long as hind ungues, somewhat slipper-shaped, the outer 
lamella having a prominent obtuse angle, as in figure 92. Anal 
spines (fig. 93) long, exceeding the hind ungues in length, slender, 
curving, separated basally. Clothing (fig. 94) of short curving setae 
and short stiff hairs. Length, 1 mm. 

This species referred to A. longispinus Tullberg by Guthrie, is 
distinct from that species, as I have found by comparing 20 of 
Guthrie’s specimens with 6 Spitzbergen examples of longispinus 
given to me by Doctor Schiffer. In longispinus the mucrones are 
spoon-shaped and tuberculate, and the body setae differ from those 
of this species in form, number, and arrangement. 

A. guthriei is allied to A. bengtssoni Agren (’04, p. 2) in the form of 
the mucrones; but the latter species is olive brown, with short anal 
spines, apically swollen dentes, eversible sac between the third and 
fourth antennal segments, and other characters different from those 
of this species. 

A, guthriei is also related to but evidently distinct from <A. 
sigillatus Uzel (90, p. 70). 

The preceding description is based on 20 of Guthrie’s specimens 
(slide No. 135d, Univ. of Minn.), collected by him August 23, 1899, 
at Lake Pepin, Minn., where they occurred by hundreds on the sur- 
face of a pool of water. 

The cotypes of A. guthriei are in the collection of the University of 
Minnesota. 

ACHORUTES PSEUDARMATUS, new species. 


Plate 14, figs. 95-100; plate 15, figs. 101-103. 


Black or mottled dark blue. Eyes, eight on each side (fig. 95). 
Postantennal organs (fig. 95) with four peripheral tubercles and a 
conspicuous round ‘‘Nebenhécker”; the two anterior peripheral 
tubercles are twice as long as the posterior ones. Antennae subequal 
to head in length. Olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment 
(fig. 96) seven in number—two outer, two inner, and three dorsal. 
Sense organ of third antennal segment as in figure 97. There is no 
eversible sac between the third and fourth antennal segments. 
Unguis (fig. 98) long, slender, slightly curving, unidentate near the 
middle of the inner margin; lateral margins each unidentate one- 
third from the base. Unguiculus extending half as far as the unguis, 
with rounded basal lamella and acuminate apical half. One long 
tenent hair, feebly clavate. Dentes stout, apically rounded. 
Mucrones (figs. 99, 100) three-fifths as long as dentes, in form much 
like those of armatus, but with the outer lamella terminating distally 


no. 2184. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 491 





in a large toothlike thickening. Anal spines (figs. 101, 102) long, 
but shorter than hind ungues, slightly curving, on short contiguous 
papillae, which are one-seventh as long as the spines. Clothing 
(fig. 103) of minute curving setae with one transverse row of long 
stiff hairs on each of the first six segments and many such hairs on 
the last three segments; the long hairs being often minutely serrate. 
Length, 1.6 mm. 

This species might easily be mistaken for armatus Nicolet, at first 
glance, on account of the general similarity in mucrones, claws, and 
anal spines. It differs from armatus, however, in the following 
particulars: the toothlike thickening of the outer lamella of the 
mucro; anal spines shorter than the mucrones; anal papillae short 
in relation to the spines; dentes rounded apically; eversible antennal 
sac absent; character of antennal sense organs; form of postantennal 
organs; form of basal lamella of unguiculus; type of clothing. In 
armatus, it should be added, the infra-anal lobes are small; in 
pseudarmatus they are large (compare figs. 101 and 114). 

California.—Claremont, Gillett. 

British Columbia.—Kaslo, J. W. Cockle. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19901, U.S.N.M. 


ACHORUTES ARMATUS Nicolet. 
Plate 7, fig. 2; plate 15, figs. 104-113; plate 16, figs. 114-117. 


Podura armata, NicousEt, 1841. 

Achorutes armatus Gprvais, 1844.—Nicotet, 1847.—LussBocxk, 1868, 1873.— 
TULLBERG, 1871, 1872, 1876.—PaRoNA, 1879, 1882, 1888, 1895.—T6mésvAry, 
1883.—OvupDEMANS, 1890.—UzEu, 1890, 1891.—MacGiLLivRay, 1891.—ScuHorr, 
18916, 1894a, 1896a, 1902.—Montgz, 1894.—Daita Torre, 1895.—REvUTER, 
1895.—MEINERT, 1896.—ScHAFFER, 1896, 1897, 1900a, 1900b.—CARPENTER, 
1897.—Liz-PETTERSEN, 1897, 1898.—Poppz and ScuHArrer, 1897.— 
SCHERBAKOV, 1898, 1899.—CaRrL, 1899, 1901.—CARPENTER and Evans, 1899.— 
WAHLGREN, 1900a.—B6RNER, 1901d.— KrausBav_Er, 1901.—WitteM, 1902.— 
Acren, 1903, 1904.—AxELson, 1905a, 19055, 1906.—(AxELson) LINNANIEMI, 


1907, 1909.—CoLLINGE and SHOEBOTHAM, 1910.—Ius, 1912.—SHOEBOTHAM, 
1914. 


Achorutes boletivorus Packarp, 1873.—MacGinitvray, 1891.—DaLia Torre, 
1895.—GuTHRIE, 1903. 

Achorutes marmoratus PaAcKARD, 1873.—MacGruivray, 1891.—Harvey, 1893. 

Achorutes texensis Packarp, 1873.—MacGruivray, 1891.—Datia Torre, 1895. 

Achorutes pratorum Packarp, 1873.—MacGitiivray, 1891.—Daia Torre, 1895. 

Hypogastrura armata (AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1911, 1912.—Carout, 1914. 


Very variable in coloration. General color vinaceous, pale violet, 
greenish gray, or dark blue. One variety is canary yellow marbled 
with lavender, with two dorsal stripes of the latter color. The 
dorsum is commonly mottled or marbled, and the pleura and sternum 
pale yellow with round spots made by hypodermal nuclei. A large 
interocular spot occurs. Ocular patches conspicuous, black, hemi- 
spherical. Eyes eight on each side. Postantennal organ (figs. 104, 


492 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


105) large, with four unequal peripheral tubercles. Antennae shorter 
than the head; segments in relative lengths as 5:4:5:6; fourth seg- 
ment with seven olfactory hairs: two outer, two inner, and three 
dorsal (fig. 106). Sense-organ of third segment as in figure 107. 
Between. the third and fourth antennal segments is a large ventral 
eversible bilobed sac (fig. 108). Body stout; abdomen feebly dilated. 
Unguis (fig. 109) long, slender, slightly curving, unidentate near the 
middle of the imner rieeeine lateral margins an unidentate one- 
fourth from the base (fig. 110). Unguiculus with suboblong basal 
lamella and setaceous apex, extending about as far as the tooth of the 
opposite claw. One long tenent hair, unknobbed. Dentes stout, 
subcylindrical. Mucrones (figs. 111-113) half as long as dentes, api- 
cally rounded; inner lamella narrow , simp! le; outer lamella with a large 
subtriangular dorsal lobe. Anal spines (Ge 114-116) long, a little 
longer than the ungues in adult specimens, slender, curving, on large 
contiguous papillae, which are one-third to one-half as ieee as the 
spines. Clothing (fig. 117) dense, consisting of abundant short curv- 
ing setae and numerous long hairs and setae, which are frequently 
serrate. Length, 1.5 mm. 

In small specimens the anal spines are shorter chan the ungues: and 
straight. One of my specimens had three fully developed anal spines, 
there being an accessory median spine in front of the other two; this 
variation occurs in several species of the genus. 

The two following varieties have been found in Europe but not as 
yet in this country: var. inermis Axelson (’05)), in which anal spines. 
and papillae-are absent; and var. cuspidatus Axelson (’056), m which 
the seta of the unguiculus extends almost beyond the unguis and is 
bent distally. 

Specimens from the United States agree with European examples, 
as both Dr. Schiffer and myself have found. 

The cotypes of Achorutes boletivorus Packard (73) in the Museum 
of Comparative Zodlogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts, are A. armatus 
Nicolet. Those that I studied there were labeled ‘‘Brunswick, Me., 
Sept. 10;”’ the specimens recorded by Packard from Salem, Massa- 
chusetts, being absent from the collection. 

The cotypes of Achorutes marmoratus Packard (’73) were also 
missing; but Packard’s description of this species evidently apples 
to the Tilac-colored variety of A. armatus that I used to find m abun- 
dance in eastern Massachusetts. 

Packard’s (’73) description of Achorutes texensis also applies to 
A. armatus so far as it goes. The cotypes of texensis consist, however, 
of two specimens of armatus and four of another species of Achorutes, 
short-spined and apparently undescribed, which can not be fully 
described at present without sacrificing some of the cotypes. I hope 
to get some more specimens of this species from Texas. 


no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 493 


Packard’s (’73) Achorutes pratorum is simply a color variety of 
armatus, as I have found by an examination of his cotypes from 
Orono, Maine, those from Brunswick being absent from the collection 
in Cambridge, Massachusetts. 

The species referred to Achorutes boletivorus Packard by Guthrie 
(03) is armatus, as is evident from his description and from some of 
his specimens that I have studied. 

Achorutes armatus, one of the most abundant species of its genus, 
occurs in large colonies in a great variety of situations: under the 
loose moist bark of logs, on damp soil under wood or dead leaves, 
underground among the roots of grasses or other plants, in moss, on 
pools of fresh water. This species is the one commonly found on 
fungi, particularly agarics, though it occurs on Boletus, Polyporus, 
Morchella, and other genera as well. 

In Massachusetts there are three annual generations and possibly 
four. During one season I followed the development of three succes- 
sive colonies in the same spot (under the bark of an elm log); they 
matured, respectively, late in May, early in July, and late in August, 
at intervals of about six weeks. The species may be found, however, 
in all stages of its growth, at any time from April to October, in Mas- 
sachusetts. There it passes the winter in the egg. 

Achorutes armatus is one of the most widely distributed species of 
Collembola. It occurs in all parts of Europe, in Siberia, Spitzbergen, 
Greenland, northern Africa (Tripoli), Sumatra, Ceylon, New Zealand, 
Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, and doubtless throughout the 
United States. 

Maine.—Brunswick, September 10, A. S. Packard, jr. (M. C. Z.). 
Orono, July, A. S. Packard, jr. (M.C. Z.). Orono, April, May, June, 
September, I’. L. Harvey. 

New Hampshire.—Franconia, Mrs. A. T. Slosson. 

Massachusetts.—Arlington, April 12, June, August 2, September 9, 
19. Cambridge, March 8, 15, 23 (in a greenhouse on those dates), 
May 2, 4,7, 15, June 1, 8, 11, 16, July 16, August 21, 28, September 11. 
Lexington, May 10, September 18. Waltham, May 3, September 6. 

New York.—Ithaca, April 14, A. D. MacGillivray. Varna, March 
27, N. Banks. 

Pennsylvania.—Harrisburg, H. A. Surface. 

Ohio.—Salem, March 21, A. D. MacGillivray. Salineville, Feb- 
ruary 22, A. D. MacGillivray. Yellow Springs, August 20. 

Illinois—Urbana, April 13, 30, July 16, August 1, October 15. 
White Heath, May 8. 

Missouri—Columbia, February, C. R. Crosby. Olden, April 5, 
E. P. Taylor. 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 


Minnesota.—J. E. Guthrie (Univ. Minn.). 

Colorado.—Fort Collins, June 10, C. F. Baker. 

California.—L. M. Bremner (Stanford Uniy.). Claremont, Feb- 
ruary 13, EK. O. Essig. Berkeley, G. Hisen (Cal. Acad. Sci.). 

Texas.—Waco, G. W. Belfrage (M. C. Z.). 

Canada.—Arnprior, Ontario, September, C. MacNamara. 

Cuba.—Santiago de las Vegas, W. T. Horne. 





Subgenus SCHOTTELLA Schiffer. 


Schéttella ScHAFFER, 1896. 
Schéttella Borner, 1901d. : 


KEY TO SPECIES OF SCHOTTELLA. 


Anal spines one-fourth as long as hind ungues; ungues unidentate; tenent hairs 3, 4, 4. 
uniunguiculatus, p. 494. 
Anal spines minute; ungues untoothed; tenent hairs 2, 2, 2.......--. glasgowt, p. 494. 


ACHORUTES (SCHOTTELLA) GLASGOWI, new species. 
Plate 16, figs. 118-126. 

Dark blue. Eyes, eight on each side. Postantennal organs (fig. 
118) with four peripheral lobes, confluent basally. Antennae cylin- 
drical, subequal to the head in length; segments in relative lengths 
as 7:10:12:15. Olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment (fig. 
119) seven in number: three outer, three inner, and one dorsal. 
Sense-organ of third antennal segment as in figure 120. Unguis (fig. 
121) stout, feebly curving; inner margin untoothed; lateral margins 
each unidentate two-thirds from the base. Unguiculus absent, repre- 
sented by a minute setaceous projection. Tenent hairs two, long, 
knobbed. Dentes with four dorsal setae (fig. 122). Mucrones (figs. 
123, 124) five-sevenths as long as dentes, simple, gradually tapering. 
Anal spines (fig. 125) two, minute, conical, separated, on minute 
papillae. Clothing (fig. 126) of stout curving setae, the larger of 
which are feebly serrate. Length, 1 mm. 

Blauvelt, New York, March 17, May 13, 1914. Taken from old 
mines of Agrilus sinuatus in pear, by Dr. Hugh Glasgow, after whom 
the species is named. 


Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19902, U.S.N.M. 
ACHORUTES (SCHOTTELLA) UNIUNGUICULATUS Tullberg. 


Plate 17, figs. 127-136. 
Achorutes ununguiculatus TULLBERG, 1869, 1871, 1872.—Scu6rt, 1894. 
Achorutes uniunguiculatus MetwEert, 1896.—(AXELSON) LinNANIEMI, 1907. 
Schottella uniunguiculata ScukrreR, 1896, 1900a, 1900b.—KrausBaver, 1901. 
Schéttella ununguiculata SCHERBAKOY, 1898. 
Achorutes (Schéttella) uniunguiculatus AXELSON, 1905. 
Hypogastrura (Schéttella) ununguiculata (AxELSON) LINNANTEMI, 1912. 


Dark blue. Eyes (fig. 127), eight on each side. Postantennal 
organ (fig. 128) with four peripheral lobes, which are hemispherical, 


xo. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 495 





subequal, and basally confluent, the organ being smaller than one of 
the eyes. Antennae shorter than the head; first three segments sub- 
equal in length. Fourth antennal segment with five short stout 
olfactory hairs; three outer and two inner. Sense-organ of third 
antennal segment as in figure 129. Unguis (fig. 130) stout, feebly 
curving, unidentate. Tenent hairs 3, 4,4, knobbed. Rami of tena- 
culum tridentate. Dens (fig. 131) with five setae. Mucro (figs. 132, 
133) three-fifths as long as dens, minutely tuberculate, elongate- 
triangular, apically projecting and rounded, with a prominent ven- 
tral lobe about one-third from the base. Anal spines (figs. 134, 135) 
two, small (one-fourth as long as hind unguis), conical, curving for- 
ward, on separated papillae, which are longer than thespines. Cloth- 
ing (fig. 136) of sparse short curving setae. Length, 1.3 mm. 

On one specimen the left postantennal organ showed five peripheral 
lobes, an abnormal condition. 

I sent specimens of this form to Walter M. Linnaniemi, of Finland, 
who replied that they agreed in all essential characters with the 
European Schéttella uniunguiculata, the only difference being that the 
cuticular tubercles seemed to be somewhat larger in our specimens 
than in his. He kindly sent me a European example of the species, 
from which I was able to confirm my determination of the American 
form. 

I have found this species in large colonies at the base of apple, 
maple, and hackberry trees. 

Illinois.—Urbana, April 16, May, October 6. Savoy, October 26. 


Genus XENYLLA Tullberg. 


Xenylla TULLBERG, 1869. 


Eyes five on each side. Postantennal organ absent. Unguiculus 
absent. Furcula small, not reaching the ventral tube. Dens and 
mucro confluent in some species. Anal spines two, small; present in 
most species. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF XENYLLA. 


Were Mmiucro COUMUCIG stan sae ache atic Cees tee = Stee aro paereisiner maritima, p. 498. 
Dens and mucro demarcated by an articulation. 
Apex of mucro simple, not strongly hooked. 
Anal spines large, one-fourth as long as hind unguis......-.-.- baconae, p. 496. 
Anal spines minute. 
Lamella of mucro broad (fig. 154); unguiculus represented by a rounded 


tubercles 2. .csad noe soeeweecsseee ei. = ee aeesantsr sa welchi, p. 497. 
Lamella of mucro narrow (fig. 141); vestige of unguiculus 
HDBONE so Asan SA coe Se oe eae ee echeane te emer es Sa humicola, p. 496. 


Apex of mucro strongly hooked (fig. 161). .). <-:../...--1+-2----- gracilis, p. 497. 


496 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





XENYLLA HUMICOLA (O. Fabricius) Tullberg. 
Plate 17, figs, 137-142. 


Podura humicola O. Fasricrus, 1780. 

Achorutes humicola LusBock, 1873. 

Xenylla humicola Tutupere, 1876.—MacGuutvray, 1891.—Da.ta Torre, 
1895.— Reuter, 1895.—ScHArrer, 1896, 1900b.—CarPENTER and Evans, 
1899.—SKorIKow, 1900.—WAHLGREN, 1900a, 1900b.—Kraussaugr, 1901.— 
AGREN, 1903.—Davenport, 1903.—AxELSoN, 1905, 1906.—(AXELSON) 
LINNANIEMI, 1907, 1909, 1911, 1912. 

Xenjlla maritima MEINERT, 1896. 

Dark blue. Eyes five on each side (fig. 137). Antennae slightly 
shorter than the head. Fourth antennal segment with four or five 
olfactory hairs—three or four lateral and one dorsal. Unguis (fig. 
138) curving, with inner margin unidentate one-third from apex. 
Tenent hairs two, knobbed. Tenaculum tridentate on each branch. 
Manubrium with a deep median-longitudinal ventral furrow. Dens 
a little longer than mucro, with two dorsal setae (fig. 139). Mucro 
clearly articulated with dens, slightly longer than hind unguis, 
gradually tapering (figs. 140, 141), apically rounded, with a narrow 
lamella terminating before the apex, and with a sharp ventral in- 
cision about one-third from the base. Anal spines two (fig. 142), 
minute, conical, straight, on minute papillae separated from each 
other. Clothing of sparse short curved setae, with a few longer 
bristles, some of the larger setae being denticulate. Maximum 
length, 1.5 mm. (2 mm., Schiiffer). 

The North American specimens that I have studied happened to 
be somewhat smaller than European examples, of which I have 
received 27 from Doctor Schiffer, but agreed with them in every 
other respect. 

Massachusetts.—Revere, August 23, abundant under 4 board on a 
salt marsh. 

New York.—Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, C. B. Davenport. 

Ontario, Canada.—St. Thomas, August; Toronto, December (Div. 
Ent., Ottawa). 


XENYLLA BACONAE, new species. 


Plate 18, figs. 143-149. 


Blackish blue; antennae, legs, and furcula violet. Eyes five on 
each side. Antennae subequal to head in length. Sense-organ of 
third antennal segment as in figure 143. Unguis (fig. 144) slender, 
untoothed. Tenent hairs two, knobbed, extending almost to the 
apex of the unguis. Furcula not extending to the apex of the 
abdomen. Dens and mucro clearly demarcated by an articulation 
(fig. 145). Dens with two dorsal setae. Mucro (fig. 146) four- 
fifths as long as dens, subequal to hind unguis in length, gradually, 
tapering, apically rounded, with a sharp ventral incision one-third 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 497 








from the base, and without a lamella. Anal spines (fig. 147, 148) 
two, minute, about one-fourth as long as hind unguis, feebly curving 
forward, on low separated papillae. Clothing (fig. 149) of sparse 
short curving setae with fewer longer and stiff setae, the largest 
setae often being minutely serrate. Length, 1.5 mm. 

California.—Claremont, in great numbers on pools of water in a 
newly plowed field after a rainstorm, Gertrude A. Bacon, after whom 
the species is named. 


Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19903, U.S.N.M. 


XENYLLA WELCHI, new species. 








Plate 18, figs. 150-157. 


Pale violet or grayish; pigment mottled. Eyes five on each side. 
Antennae slightly shorter than the head. Sense-organ of third 
antennal segment as in figure 150. Unguis (fig. 151) unidentate, 
minutely tuberculate. Unguiculus represented by a rounded tubercle. 
Tenent hairs 1, 2,2, knobbed. Rami of tenaculum tridentate. Dens 
and mucro demarcated by an articulation (figs. 152, 153); dens with 
two setae. Mucro (figs. 153, 154) three-fifths as long as dens, 
distally produced and curving, apically rounded; inner lamella 
broad, terminating before the apex, minutely tuberculate. Anal 
spines (figs. 155, 156) two, minute, separated, curving slightly 
forward. Clothing (fig. 157) of sparse short curving setae. Length, 
0.9 mm. 

There is some variation in the form of the mucro, as will be seen 
from figures 153 and 154; furthermore, the tooth of the unguis is 
sometimes absent. 

Manhattan, Kansas, January 4, in enormous numbers on mush- 
room beds in a greenhouse. Collected by Dr. P. 8S. Welch, after 
whom the species is named. 

Walnut, Kansas, in immense numbers on the ground, E. P. Taylor. 

Chicago, Illinois, August 14, on walls of carnation house, J. J. 
Davis. 


Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19904, U.S.N.M. 


XENYLLA GRACILIS Guthrie. 





Plate 19, figs. 158-161. 
Xenylla gracilis GuTHRin, 1903. 


‘‘Rather dark blue above, paler beneath. Body slender, fusiform, 
head narrow in front, becoming broader between the eyes and then 
narrowing again. Thorax narrower than the head. Abdomen gradu- 
ally broadening posteriorly till the fourth segment, after that nar- 
rowing rather abruptly, the fifth and sixth segments being much 
narrower. The sixth is blunt on the end, and bears two supra-anal 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16 32 





498 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





spines (figs. 158, 159) on separated papillae, the spines not longer 
than the papillae themselves. Claws short, unarmed, tibiae with two 
clavate hairs. Ocelli (fig. 160) placed as usual in this genus. Anten- 
nae hardly longer than the head. The second, third, and fourth seg- 
ments about equal and somewhat longer than the first. The third 
and fourth are broad. The mucro (fig. 161) is of a different form from 
any described or figured so far, the recurved hook at its end being 
quite characteristic of the species. The dentes and mucrones together 
are about one-third longer than the claw. Length, 0.9mm. Taken 
rather rarely in damp places under boards along the Mississippi bot- 
tom lands, where they live socially.” 

Minnesota.—J. E. Guthrie (Univ. of Minn.). 

This description and the accompanying figures have been copied 
from Guthrie, as I have not seen specimens of the species. 


XENYLLA MARITIMA Tullberg. 
Plate 19, figs. 162-166. 

Xenylla maritima TULLBERG, 1869, 1871, 1872.—Lusxock, 1873.—Brook, 1883.— 
MacGrutvray, 1891.—Scuérr, 1891b, 1894a.—UzerL, 1891—ScHAFFER, 
1896.—Porrer and Scuirrer, 1897.—Lin-Perrersen, 1898.—ScHERBAKOV, 
1898.—CarL, 1899.—WaAHLGREN, 1899b6.—B6OrNER, 1901d.—KRAUSBAUER, 
1901—Acren, 1903.—CarpentER and Evans, 1904.—AxE.Lson, 1905, 
1906.—(AxELSon) LINNANIEMI, 1907, 1912.—Carout, 1914. 

Grayish blue. Eyes five on each side. Antennae slightly shorter 
than the head. Fourth antennal segment with four olfactory hairs: 
three lateral and one dorsal. Unguis (fig. 162) stout, without teeth 
or with a single small tooth. Tenent hairs two, knobbed. Rami of 
tenaculum tridentate. Manubrium with a deep median-longitudinal 
ventral furrow. Dens and mucro confluent (fig. 163); dental region 
with two setae; mucronal portion with a blunt apical hook, an ante- 
apical notch, and a narrow lamella. Anal spmes two (figs. 164, 
165), small, stout, curving slightly forward, on broad contiguous 
papillae. Clothing (fig. 166) of sparse curving setae, some of which 
are denticulate. Length, 1.5 mm. 

Xenylla maritima, which occurs in most parts of Europe and in 
northern Africa, has been recorded from California by Schétt (91, 
p. 24). I have seen no American examples of this species, but have 
studied 14 European specimens which I received from Dr. Caesar 
Schiffer. 

California. 


Upsala). 





About 30 specimens, Dr. Gustav Eisen (Zool. Mus. 


Tribe PSEUDACHORUTINI Borner. 
Pseudachorutini BORNER, 1906. 


KEY TO GENERA OF PSEUDACHORUTINI. 


io Buncula! presents: s2gee 5.52236 os SCE cot ses eee re neal cals ate ee a 
Fureula absent; unguiculus absent. 2: -.. 220. 2 fete. 23. eee t eee  ee ee 5. 
2, Anal ppines:absent:. . 2s. 2.02504. =.= eI oe a Se eee 3. 


Anal gpinés*present. 224 2.52... Seen de Se SEE foe eres ee tater etetetee eet 4, 


no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 499 





3. Eyes eight on each side; lamella of mucro simple ..Psewdachorutes Tullberg, p. 500. 
Eyes five on each side; lamella of mucro with oblique pocketlike lobes. 
Odontella Schiffer, p. 502. 
4. Anal spines three; unguiculi and postantennal organs absent; furcula short and 
weak; mucro hooked; eyes usually eight (sometimes five) on each side. 
Friesea Dalla Torre, p. 499. 
Anal spines two; unguiculi and postantennal organs present; mucro lamellate; 


ever tive ON CXC iSIdO-. os ccn.cne o-oo Hee eee Se hekee ete Xenyllodes Axelson. 

De Osan L SNe ONOANS PTOSON ba. sce coe, 3es See pene teak andes sac Cees ans ied csendot 6. 
iBostantennatorcans: absent, 40 “sea. saeco hoe, oe oe oe ane eae c ete tenes ke 

6. Eyes five on each side or none; mouth parts not greatly reduced, not projecting 
in acone; maxilla distally toothed saree ak cee tiaee east Anurida Tabouloene) p. 503. 
Eyes two or four on each side; mouth parts greatly reduced, projecting in a short 
cone; maxilla stilettolike, untoothed....................-- Micranurida Borner. 

7. Eyes two or three on each side or none; mouth parts greatly reduced; projecting 
NUS COT On acne si niaye ie Sree ays aan see Paranura heels p. 506. 


The genus Brachysius MacGillivray (93), p. 317) is evidently syn- 
onymous with Pseudachorutes Tullberg. I have not seen specimens 
of Brachysius dilatatus MacGillivray, the cotypes of which have been 
misplaced, and in the absence of data in regard to the mucrones and 
ungues can not place the species at present. 


Genus FRIESEA Dalla Torre. 


Triaena TULLBERG, 1871. 
Friesea Datta TorRE, 1895. 


Eyes 16. Postantennal organs absent. -Antennae four-segmented. 
Mandible without molar surface. Head of maxilla simple. Ungui- 
culus absent. Furcula short, weakly developed; mucro hooklike. 
Anal spines three. Anal segment small; supra-anal valve rounded, 
semi-globose. Body without segmental tubercles. Cuticula tuber- 


tuberculate. 
FRIESEA CALDARIA Guthrie. 


Plate 19, figs. 167, 168. 


Friesia caldaria GUTHRIE, 1903. 


‘‘Purplish blue above, paler beneath. Eye spots conspicuously 
black. Body short and thick, with antennae, legs, and furcula to 
correspond. Head triangular in outline as seen from the side. Claw 
rather short and stout, tibiae with two clavate hairs nearly as long 
as the claw. The fifth and sixth segments of the abdomen bear 
dorsally several clavate hairs. The furcula is more rudimentary than 
in any other genus, the manubrium being very short and broad, the 
mucrones hooked at the end, and two-thirds as long as the dentes. 
Dentes and mucrones together are but little longer than the larger 
anal horns. The three anal horns (fig. 167) are situated in a triangle, 
the hindmost one being median and somewhat smaller than the other 
two. Each one is set on a short papilla (fig. 168). There is present 
a well-developed tenaculum, with two-toothed blades much as in 


500 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


Achorutes. The skin is thickly covered with small conical chitinous 
tubercules. Length, 0.75 mm. 

““Under boxes and plant jars in university greenhouse, where the 
dirt is quite moist.” 

’ Minneapolis, Minnesota, J. E. Guthrie (Univ. of Minn.). 

I have never seen this species, hence have simply copied Guthrie’s 
description and figures. Linnaniemi (712, p. 58) says it is rather 
likely that Guthrie’s species is his Friesea claviseta, described in 1900 
(Axelson, ’00, p. 112). 


Genus PSEUDACHORUTES Tullberg. 


Pseudachorutes TULLBERG, 1871. 


Eyes eight on each side. Postantennal organs usually present, 
with 6 to 20 peripheral tubercles. Antennae conical, four-segmented. 
Mouth parts reduced, suctorial, projecting in a cone. Unguiculi 
absent. Furcula present, not extending to the ventral tube. Anal 
spines absent. Cuticula tuberculate. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF PSEUDACHORUTES. 


Dark blue or grayish blue throughout; postantennal organs oval. 
Mucrones elongate triangular; ungues untoothed; tenent hairs absent; post- 
antennal organs with 20 to 25 peripheral tubercules....-.--- complexus, p. 501. 
Mucrones subcrescentic; ungues unidentate; one clavate tenent hair; postantennal 
organs with 10 or 11 peripheral tubercles........--......-..---- lunatus, p. 591. 
Pale purple; mesothorax anddast two body segments pale orange; postantennal organs 
POUTMCS 2 ob osteo opat ode Rants si aa ate oa NN ee eee eI aureofasciatus, p. 500. 


PSEUDACHORUTES AUREOFASCIATUS Harvey. 
Plate 19, figs. 169-173. 


Gnathocephalus aureofasciatus HARVEY, 1898. 


Pale purple above, excepting the mesothorax and the last two 
abdominal segments, which are pale orange. Eyes (fig. 169) eight 
on each side. Postantennal organ (fig. 169) with 12 to 15 peripheral 
tubercles arranged in a rosette. Antennae subequal to head in 
length (excluding the mouth parts), not approximate basally, with 
segments as 10:9:10:12 in relative lengths; third and fourth segments 
subconfluent. Buccal cone long (fig. 170). Ungues (fig. 171) stout, 
strongly curving, with one or two teeth behind the middle of the 
inner margin. Tenent hairs absent. Furcula short and stout. 
Mucrones half as long as dentes, spoon-shaped (fig. 172). Cuticular 
tubercles larger and more pointed on the last two abdominal seg- 
ments than elsewhere. Long stout blunt curving hairs (fig. 173) 
occur sparsely on the head, numerously on the last three abdominal 
segments, and in a single transverse row on each of the first six body 
segments. Length, 1.5 mm, 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 501 


My additions to Harvey’s description have been made from a study 
of two of the cotypes. 

Described originally from five cotypes, found on a decorticated 
log in low darap woods, Orono, Maine, September, 1897, by F. L. 
Harvey. 

PSEUDACHORUTES COMPLEXUS MacGillivray. 
Plate 20, figs. 174-180. 


Gnathocephalus complecus MacGILiivray, 18936. 


Dark blue, with a lateral row of pale spots. Head strongly pro- 
duced between the antennae. Eye patches black, small, convex. 
Eyes eight on each side of the head (fig. 174). Postantennal organs 
(fig. 175) with about 20 to 25 peripheral tubercles arranged in an 
oval. Antennae (fig. 176) shorter than the head, basally approxi- 
mate, with segments as 12:9:8:12 in relative lengths; basal segment 
one-half broader than long; second three-quarters as broad as the 
first, cup-shaped; third and fourth each one-half as broad as the first 
and separated by an indistinct oblique suture; fourth segment 
rounded-conical. Mouth parts (fig. 177) suctorial, elongate, pro- 
jecting in a cone one-half as long as the head. Body stout, gradually 
dilating. Tibiotarsus with two large white spots; femur with one. 
Ungues (fig. 178) long, slender, uniformly tapering, strongly curving, 
untoothed, basally pigmented, shortest on the first pair of feet. 
Unguiculi absent. Tenent hairs absent. Furcula short, extending 
to the posterior border of the genital segment. Manubrium stout. 
Dentes (fig. 179) subcylindrical, with 11 or more large conical dorsal 
tubercles. Mucro (fig. 179) two-thirds as long as dens, elongate- 
triangular in lateral aspect, terminating in a small rounded upturned 
lobe. Anal spines absent. Antennae, legs, and furcula with many 
long stiff setae; anal and genital segments with numerous stiff setae 
of moderate length; remaining body segments almost naked, each 
with a single transverse row of short curving setae (fig. 180). Cuticula 
finely tuberculate. Length, 3-4 mm. 

The present description and figures of this species have been made 
from a single cotype sent to me by MacGillivray. 

Olympia, Washington, T. Kincaid. 


PSEUDACHORUTES LUNATUS, new species. 


Plate 20, figs. 181-186. 


General color grayish blue; pigment blue, mottled, interspersed 
with close rounded pale spots; sternum, legs, and furcula unpig- 
mented; antennae blue. Eyes (fig. 181) eight on each side; eye 
spots black. Postantennal organs (fig. 182) with 10 to 12 peripheral 
tubercles arranged in an oval. Antennae shorter than the head; 
third and fourth segments confluent. Mouth parts projecting in a 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


cone. Unguis (fig. 183) stout, slightly curving, with inner margin 
unidentate one-third from the base. Tenent hair single, long, clavate. 
Tenaculum tridentate. Dentes stout, swollen dorsally, with coarse 
dorsal tubercles (fig. 184). Mucrones (fig. 185) two-fifths as long as 
dentes, subcrescentic, with large outer and inner lamellae and deep 
acute incision between the outer lamella and the apex. Clothing of 
sparse short curving setae (fig. 186), with longer and stiffer setae on 
the posterior part of the abdomen. Length, 3 mm. 

Urbana, Illinois, May 9, in a damp log. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19905 U.S.N.M. 


Genus ODONTELLA Schaffer. 


Odontella ScHAFFER, 1897.—AcrEN, 1904.—B6RNER, 1909—(AXELSON) LIN- 
naniemi, 1912. 
Xenyllodes AXELSON, 1903a (part). 


Body stout. Mouth parts suctorial, projecting in the form of a 
cone. Eyes five on each side. Postantennal organ with four (five 
in O. thauma Borner) peripheral confluent lobes. Antennae shorter 
than the head, four-segmented. Unguiculus absent. Furcula not 
reaching the ventral tube. Mucro with two pocketlike dorso-lateral 
lobes. Anal spines absent, or represented by two or more modified 
abdominal tubercles. Integumentary tubereles coarse, tooth or thorn- 
like. 


ODONTELLA EWINGI, new species. 


Plate 21, figs. 187-197. 


Kye patches black, oval. Eyes (fig. 187) five on each side. Post- 
antennal organ (fig. 188) with four peripheral confluent lobes, of 
which the posterior is shorter than the others. A median pseudo- 
cellus occurs near the postero-dorsal margin of the head. On each 
side of the head are six to eight stout conical spines (figs. 189, 190). 
Antennae shorter than the head, stout; segments as 2:3:2:2 im rela- 
tive lengths; the two basal segments four times as broad as long and 
contiguous. Buccal cone (fig. 190) half as long as the head. Several 
stout conical spines, similar to those of the head, occur on each of 
the legs; there being one on each trochanter and one on each femur 
(fig. 191). Long outstanding hairs occur on the legs, as in figure 
191. Tibiotarsus divided into two segments by an obsolete suture 
(fig. 191). Unguis (fig. 192) stout, with a long slender tooth at the 
base of the inner margin, and a pair of prominent basal lateral teeth 
(fig. 193).- Dentes stout, bearing dorsally two setae and three stout 
spines (fig. 194). Mucrones (fig. 194) almost as long as dentes, 
slightly longer than hind ungues; outer lamella modified to form 
two large oblique pocketlike lobes; inner lamella narrow; apex spoon- 
like. Setae of the body (fig. 195) sparse, recurving, mostly short, 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 5038 





becoming longer on the posterior part of the abdomen. Integu- 
mentary tubercles (fig. 196) coarse, tooth or thornlike, largest toward 
the apex of the abdomen, longitudinally furrowed, the outlines of 
their bases forming the characteristic patterns shown in figure 197. 
Anal spines represented by two slightly modified imtegumentary 
tubercles, as in figure 196. Length, 2 mm. 

Described from 11 cotypes, Corvallis, Oregon, December 25, under 
wood on moist ground. Collected by Dr. Henry EK. Ewing, after 
whom the species is named. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19906, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ANURIDA Laboulbéne. 


Achorutes, GUERIN, 1836. 

Anoura NicouEt, 1847. 

Anurida LABOULBENE, 1865, 
Aphoromma MacGituivray, [1893b.] 
Anuridella, W1tLEM, 1906. 


Eyes 10 ornone. Postantennal organ present; peripheral tubercles 
several or many, arranged in a circle in most species. Mouth parts 
not projecting in a cone. Head of maxilla with three toothed 
lamellae. Mandibles without molar surface. Unguiculus absent. 
Furcula absent. Anal spines absent. Pseudocelli absent. Body 
without large segmental tubercles. Cuticular tubercles present. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF ANURIDA. 


Dark blue or bluish gray. Eyes 10. 

Postantennal organs with 6 to 10 peripheral tubercles, spanned in a circle, 
maritima, p. 503. 

Postantennal organs with 17 to 40 peripheral tubercles, arranged in a regular 

or irregular ellipse. 

Peripheral tubercles 17 to 30; ungues slender, feebly unidentate 
PORNO oven BE bee Siaacfemieicrene = ean nisin er cei earners: tullbergi, p. 504. 

Peripheral tubercles 30 to 40; ungues stout, strongly unidentate...... 
amorita, p. 505. 
yeti SO VCR MOSM etre ct as ook wma engaa ioe wnardeeste. granaria, p. 506. 


ANURIDA MARITIMA Guérin. 
Plate 22, figs. 198-202. 


Achorutes maritimus GUERIN, 1836. 

Anoura maritima NiIcouet, 1847. 

Anurida maritima LABOULBENE, 1865.—Packarp, 1873.—MacGitiivray, 1891, 
1893b, 1894.—Scuirr, 1894a, 1894b.—DautaA Torre, 1895.—ScHArreRr, 
1896.—CaRPENTER and Evans, 1899.—Wi.tLteM, 1900.—Evans, 190la, 
1908.—Davenport, 1903.—Imums, 1906. 

Lipura maritima Lussocg, 1873. 


Blackish blue. Eyes (fig. 198) five on each side. Postantennal 


organs (fig. 199) with 6 to 10 peripheral tubercles arranged in a 
rosette. Antennae shorter than the head; last two segments con- 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


fluent dorsally, distinct ventrally; sense-organ of third segment as in 
figure 200; subapical sense-organ of fourth segment large, trilobed. 
Unguis (fig. 201) slender, unidentate a little behind the middle of the 
inner margin or untoothed. One tenent hair, unknobbed. Clothing 
of abundant closely set setae (fig. 202) the larger setae denticulate. 
Length, 3 mm. 

In 1898 I sent Massachusetts examples of this species to Dr. 
Caesar Schiffer, who reported that they agreed with European 
specimens of Anurida maritima. 

Anurida maritima is strictly a maritime species. It occurs abun- 
dantly on the seashore chiefly between tide marks, and at low tide 
may be seen crawling about on rocks, sand, seaweed, driftwood, etc., 
and feeding on dead mollusks or crustaceans. As the tide rises the 
insects burrow into the sand cor crawl into crevices in rocks or other 
objects, and become submerged; the hairy clothing retaining a 
supply of air sufficient to enable these insects to survive under water 
until the tide falls; or even for several days if necessary. 

This collembolan, a most serviceable species for investigation, has 
been the subject of an important monograph by Imms (06). 

In Europe, Anurida maritima has been reported from Sweden, Den- 
mark, Germany, Holland, Belgium, France, and Great Britain. In 
this country it is a common species along the Atlantic coast. 

Massachusetts.—Salem, A. S. Packard, jr. (M. C. Z.). Boston, 
July 28, August 3, 4, 8, 10, 11, 20, 25, September 1, October 20. 
Neponset, May 4, October 10, 20, November 20. Duxbury, Septem- 
ber 27, J.J.Skidmore. Buzzards Bay, J. E. Todd (M.C.Z.). Woods 
Hole, A. M. Claypole. Nantucket, A. S. Packard, jr. (M. C. Z.). 

New York.—Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, C. B. Davenport. 

New Jersey.—A. E. Verrill. 

Florida.—E. Lénnberg. 


ANURIDA TULLBERGI Schitt. 
Plate 22, figs. 203-205. 


Anurida tullbergi Scuérr, 189la, 1894a, 1894b, 1902.—MacGitiivray, 1894.— 
Reuter, 1895.—ScuArrer, 1896.—Lrm-PeTrersen, 1898.—ScHERBAKOV, 
1898.—Bérner, 1901d.—Cart, 1901—Acren, 1903.—GurTuriz, 1903.— 
AXELSON, 1905a.—(AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 1907, 1912. 

Bluish black above, gray beneath; pigment in flecks or in a net- 
work on a yellowish-white ground. Eyes five on each side. Post- 
antennal organ (fig. 203) with 17 to 30 (commonly 20 or 21) peripheral 
tubercles arranged in a more or less irregular ellipse. Fourth antennal 
segment with a dorsal subapical trilobed sense-organ, and with five 
olfactory hairs (fig. 204) as follows: Two outer, one upper, and one 
inner, and between the two outer a fifth hair one-third as long as the 
others. Third antennal segment with one distal dorsal olfactory 


no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 505 





hair. Sense-organ of third antennal segment with two free rods, 
unprotected by either an integumentary fold or by guard-setae. 
Unguis (fig. 205) slender, usually unidentate, rarely untoothed, with a 
small toothlike projection at its base. No knobbed tenent hairs. 
Clothing of sparse short setae, interspersed with longer setae, the 
latter numerous on the posterior part of the abdomen. Cuticular 
tubercles very small. Maximum length, 3 mm. 

The preceding description is compiled from European authors for 
the most part; the only specimens that I have seen being two from 
the Guthrie collection, which were kindly sent to me by Prof. H. F. 
Nachtrieb. In these I could not, however, study the eyes, post- 
antennal organs, and antennal sense-organs, as the specimens were 
mounted permanently in balsam without depigmentation. 

In Europe this species occurs on the seashore under seaweed or 
wood, or on pools of water; and also inland under wood or stones and 
on pools of fresh water. 

Anurida tullbergi has been found in Norway, Sweden, Finland, 
Russia, Germany, and Switzerland. ; 

In North America the species has been reported from Florida by 
Schétt (94b) and by MacGillivray (94), and from Minnesota by 
Guthrie (’03). 

ANURIDA AMORITA Folsom. 
Plate 7, fig. 3; plate 22, figs. 206-211. 
Anurida amorita Fotsom, 1902b.—AxELson, 19030. 


General color bluish gray, due to the combined effect of indigo blue 
mottlings and the white ground color (fig. 3). The dorsum of each 
segment has two parallel broken blackish stripes (fig. 3). Eyes 
(fig. 206) five on each side, on blackish patches. Postantennal 
organs (figs. 207, 208) with 30 to 40 peripheral tubercles arranged 
elliptically or subelliptically. Antennae almost as long as the head; 
segments as 12:12:11:10, in relative lengths; first three segments 
dilated apically; fourth rounded conical, with a large subapical 
sense-organ (fig. 209) consisting of three contiguous bladderlike 
structures on a chitinous base. Body (fig. 3) elongate, abdomen 
gradually dilated. Ungues of mid and hind feet (fig. 210) gradually 
tapering from a broad base, slightly curving, strongly unidentate 
near the middle of the inner margin; ungues of fore feet (fig. 211) 
smaller and less tapermg. No knobbed tenent hairs. Clothing of 
dense short curving setae, with a transverse row of long hairs on 
each segment. Maximum length, 4.1 mm. 

Anurida amorita was collected at Kukek Bay, Alaska, by the 
Harriman Expedition, and has been reported from Siberia by Axelson. 


Cotypes.—Cat. No. 5437, U.S.N.M. 





506 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


ANURIDA GRANARIA Nicolet. 
Plate 22, figs. 212-214. 


Anoura granaria Nicouet, 1847.—LusBsBock, 1862, 1873.—MacGiiuvray, 1891. 

Anurida granaria TULLBERG, 1869, 1871, 1872.—Datia Torre, 1888.—UZEL, 
1890.—Scu6rr, 1894.—RevuTer, 1895.—ScHArrer, 1896, 1900.—CARPENTER, 
1897, 1900.—LiE-PETTERSEN, 1897, 1898.—CaRPENTER and Evans, 1899.— 
ScHERBAKOV, 1899.—WAHLGREN, 1900.—Evans, 1901la.—AXELSON, 1905a.— 
(AXELSON) LINNANIEME, 1907, 1912.—CoLtIncE and SHoEBorHamM, 1910.— 
SHOEBOTHAM, 1914. 

Aphoromma granaria MacGmui1vray, 1893b.—WILLEM, 1902.—GutTHRIE, 1903.— 
WAHLGREN, 1906a. 

White. Buccal cone short. Eyes absent. Postantennal organs 
(figs. 212, 213) with 12 to 21 elliptical to ovate peripheral tubercles 
arranged in arosette. Antennae shorter than the head, stout, conical, 
with segments subequal in length; fourth segment with eight short, 
stout, olfactory hairs. Abdomen scarcely dilated. Unguis (fig. 214) 
untoothed. No knobbed tenent hairs. Clothing of sparse minute 
curving setae and occasional longer setae, the latter most numerous 
on the head and the posterior part of the abdomen. Cuticular tuber- 
cles large. Maximum length, 1.8 mm. 

My specimens of this species, collected in Neponset, Massachusetts, 
November 20, agree with a single European example that I received 
from Doctor Schiffer. 

This species occurs in such diverse situations as these: on the 
seashore under stones and wood; inland under stones, under loose 
bark, and in humus; in caves. ; 

Anurida granaria is widely distributed in Europe and is well known 
from the Arctic region, having been recorded from Siberia, Franz 
Josef Land, Spitzbergen, Jan Mayen Land, and Greenland. 


Genus PARANURA Axelson. 


Borneria AXELSON, 1902. 
Paranura AXxEson, 1902, 1912. 

Body stout; abdomen but little dilated; sixth abdominal segment 
small; supra-anal lobe semicircular. Segmental tubercles absent. 
Eyes three or two on each side, or absent (in the known species). 
Postantennal organs absent. Antennae conical, four-segmented ; 
fourth segment with terminal sense-tubercles and with olfactory 
hairs; third segment with a pair of sense-papillae and two guard setae. 
Mouth-parts piercing-suctorial, projecting forward in a short sharp 
conical tube; mandibles without a molar surface, and with three or 
more incisive teeth; maxillae and paraglossae apically styliform. 
Unguiculus absent. Ventral tube short and stout. Tenaculum 
absent. Furcula, anal spines, and anal papillae absent. Cuticula 
tuberculate. 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 507 


I have enlarged the description of the genus in order that it may 
include the eyeless species described here. This genus has hitherto 
been found only in Finland and Norway. 


PARANURA CAECA new species. 
Plate 22, figs. 215, 216; plate 23, figs. 217-221. 


White or pale yellow. Eyes absent. Antennae shorter than the 
head; segments in relative lengths as 14:13:11:9; segments three and 
four confluent dorsally, damarcated ventrally. Olfactory hairs of 
third and fourth antennal segments 9 or 10 (fig. 215), including a 
large dorsal semicircular hair. Sense-organ of third antennal seg- 
ment as in figure 216. Buccal cone acute, about as long as the width 
of its base. Mandibles and maxillae as in figures 217 and 218. Un- 
cuis untoothed (fig. 219). Unguiculus represented by a minute 
tooth, near which a slender seta (fig. 220) often occurs. Tenent 
hairs absent. Cuticular tubercles small. Clothing of sparse stiff 
setae (fig. 221), which are simple (nonserrate). Maximum length, 
2.5 mm. 

The larger individuals are yellow, the smaller ones white. There 
are no traces of eyes or of ocular pigment. 

Paranura caeca is a sluggish species of the humus-fauna. I have 
found it in woodlands among damp, dead leaves and in damp soil. 

Urbana, Ill., April 12, 13, 19, 20, 25, 26, May 2, November 8, 
December 21. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19907, U.S.N.M. 


Tribe NEANURINI Borner. 
Neanurini BORNER, 1901d. 
Achorutint BORNER, 1906. 
KEY TO GENERA OF NEANURINI. 


Head of maxilla needlelike, without lamellae and teeth. . Neanura MacGillivray, p. 507. 
Head of maxilla with toothed lamellae..................--....----- Protanura Borner. 


Genus NEANURA MacGillivray. 


Achorutes TEMPLETON, 1835 (part).—Nico.et, 1841. 
Anoura GERVAIS, 1842.—LuBBocK, 1862. 

Anura Nicouet, 1847.—TuLLBERG, 1869, 1871, 1872. 
Neanura MAcGituivrRay, 1893). 

Achorutes BORNER, 1906. 

Eyes usually present. Postantennal organs present or absent. 
Antenne conical. Buccal cone present. Mouth parts suctorial. 
Head of maxilla without toothed lamellae. Unguiculi absent. Fur- 
cula and anal spines absent. Body with segmental reticulated 
tubercles, which are usually large; abdomen often terminating in 
two or four large rounded tubercles. Anal segment relatively large; 
supra-anal valve bilobed. Anal spines absent. Integument tuber- 
culate. Pseudocelli absent. 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


KEY TO SPECIES OF NEANURA. 


Blue species. (See also Neanura magna, p. 510. 
Segmental tubercles not black; eyes three on each side; postantennal organs 


SIDSOIG. 5 osha yere cinta ee este sg es naga eae aaa a muscorum, p. 508. 

Segmental tubercles black; eyes five on each side. 
Postantennal organs absent; unguis untoothed........-......- serrata, p. 511. 
Postantennal organs present, each with more than 100 peripheral tubercles; 
unguis unidentate............. Bate nteteweicelenhen oe moe eee gigantea, p. 509. 

White species. 

Eyes two on each side; unguis untoothed ................-- quadrioculata, p. 512. 
Eyes three on each side; unguis unidentate...........---...--.-- ornata, p. 511. 


NEANURA MUSCORUM Templeton. 
Plate 7, fig. 4; plate 23, figs. 222-225. 


Achorutes muscorum TEMPLETON, 1835.—B6RNER, 1906.—(AXELSON) LiNNA- 
NIEMI, 1912.—Caroxt, 1912. 

Anoura muscorum Nicouet, 1847.—LusBBock, 1862, 1873.—Parona, 1879, 1888. 

Anura muscorum TULLBERG, 1869, 1871, 1872, 1876.—Datia Torre, 1888.— 
Uze, 1890.—ScHérT, 1894.—ReEuTER, 1895.—MeErINERT, 1896.—ScHAFFER, 
1896.—Liz-PETTERSEN, 1897, 1898.—CARPENTER and Evans, 1899.—W11- 
LEM, 1900.—Evans, 1901a, 19016. 

Anura gibbosa PackarD, 1873. 

Anoura gibbosa MAcGILuivRay, 1891. 

Neanura muscorum MacGiiuivray, 1893b.—Datta TorRE, 1895.—ScHAFFER, 
1896, 1900a, 1900).—Porre and ScuArrer, 1897.—ScHERBAKOV, 1898a, 
1898b.—CarL, 1899, 1901.—ABsoton, 1900a, 19006, 1901a, 19016.— Borner, 
1901d, 1902, 1906.—KravssaveER, 1901—Wuuem, 1902—AcrEN, 1903, 
1904.—GuTHRIE, 1903.—AxELSON, 1904, 1905a, 19055, 1906.—(AXELSON) 
LINnNANIEMI, 1907, 1909.—WAHLGREN, 1906a.—CoLLINGE and SHOEBOTHAM, 
1910.—SHOEBOTHAM, 1914. 

Anoura sextuberculata HARVEY, 1896. 


Grayish blue or dark blue; mottled. Eyes (fig. 222) three on each 
side of the head, not on black patches. Postantennal organs absent. 
Antennae shorter than the head; third and fourth segments coales- 
cent. Unguis (fig. 223) untoothed. Unguiculus absent. Tenent 
hairs absent. Furcula absent. Abdomen ending in four large 
rounded tubercles (fig. 4). Head with 12 tubercles (figs. 4, 224) as 
follows: A small tubercle between the bases of the antennae; a 
transverse row of five, including the ocular tubercles and a large 
median tubercle; a transverse posterior series of six, in which the 
two dorsal tubercles are small. Basal antennal segment with a 
dorsal tubercle; second segment with a trace of tuberculation. 
Prothorax with six tubercles, the dorsal pair being minute. Meso- 
thorax to fourth abdominal segment, inclusive, with eight tubercles 
each. Genital segment with four large tubercles; anal segment with 
two. Anal segment visible from above. Clothing of long white 
hairs. Length, 2 mm. 

Specimens from Massachusetts agree with European examples, as 
I learned by an exchange of specimens with Dr. C. Schiiffer. 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 509 





Packard’s two cotypes of Anura gibbosa, in the Museum of Com- 
parative Zodlogy, agree perfectly with my three European repre- 
sentatives of Neanura muscorum. 

Harvey gave me cotypes of his Anoura sextuberculata, which proved 
to be N. muscorum. 

This common species occurs in damp decaying logs and under logs 
or dead leaves on damp soil. 

Maine.—Brunswick, September, A. S. Packard, jr. (M. C. Z.). 
Orono, May, October 11, F. L. Harvey. 

New Hampshire.—Walpole, July 15. 

Massachusetts.—Cambridge or Arlington, March 27, April 8, 11, 
15, 17, 19, 28, May 1, 2, 23, June 1, 12, July 6, 10, 16, August 19, 
26, September 10, 30, October 14, November 6. Dedham, July 21. 

New York.—A. D. MacGillivray. 

Pennsylvania.—Harrisburg, November 6, H. A. Surface. 

Ohio.—Yellow Springs, August 28. 

Illinois.—Urbana, November 2. Dubois, April 28, C. A. Hart. 

Minnesota.—J. E. Guthrie (Univ. Minn.). 

Canada.—Toronto, Ontario, June 26, R. J. Crew. 

In most parts of Europe, Neanura muscorum is one of the com- 
monest species of Collembola. 








NEANURA GIGANTEA Tullberg. 
Plate 7, fig. 5; plate 23, figs. 226-228. 


Anura gigantea TULLBERG, 1876.—Scnort, 1894. 
Neanura gigantea Scu&rrer, 1900b.—Fotsom, 19026.—AxELtson, 1903b.— 
WAHLGREN, 1907. 


General color of alcoholic specimens dark blue, with conspicuous 
blackish tubercles (fig. 5); living examples pruinose (Tullberg). 
Head twice as broad as long, with 12 large tubercles, including those 
bearing the eyes, arranged as in figure 5. Eyes (fig. 226) five on each 
side. Postantennal organs (fig. 227) each composed of more than 
100 clavate papillae, forming a rosette. Antennae half as long as 
the head, conical, with segments related in length as 4: 3: 2: 6; basal 
and second segments half as long as broad; third and fourth coales- 
cent; the minute antennal tubercles become successively smaller on 
each segment. Body oval in dorsal aspect. The number of large 
tubercles on each successive segment is, respectively, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 
8, 8, 6, 2; the tubercle at each end of each transverse row is behind 
the others on the first seven segments; on the seventh both are also 
ventral and inconspicuous; on the eighth four tubercles are ventral 
and two dorsal; the ninth segment is invisible from above and bears 
two small tubercles. Legs short and stout. Ungues (fig. 228) alike, 
stout, uniformly curving and tapering, strongly unidentate on the 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





inner margin and minutely tuberculate. Cuticula finely tuberculate. 
Large tubercles reticulate (fig. 226), bearing several long stiff yellow 
setae. Maximum length, 5 mm. 

In the males, breadth is to length as 1: 2.27; in the females, as 
sz 9: 

This well-marked and monstrous species has been recorded from 
several localities in Siberia by Tullberg, Shétt, and Axelson; from 
Ellesmere Land by Wahlgren; and was found by the Harriman 
Expedition at St. Paul Island, Bering Sea. 


NEANURA MAGNA MacGillivray. 
Plate 23, figs. 229, 230. 


Anoura magna MAcGILuivRay, 18938a. 


“Body short, broad, one-half as broad as long, finely granulated. 
Each segment with four dorsal and two lateral globular tubercles, 
except the last, which is deeply divided, having as its apex two 
immense globular tubercles. On the anterior part of the anterior 
margin of each segment another smaller tubercle. From each 
tubercle there arise from four to eight short, stiff, yellow bristles. 
On the dorsal part of the head the number of tubercles is. the same, 
but the two median tubercles are placed on the caudal portion of a 
large quadrangular tubercle, which reaches from between the bases 
of the antennae to the caudal part of the head. The ground color 
is a light steel blue, with lighter spots between the darker tubercles. 
Antennae very short, not reaching the lateral margin of the body by 
at least a quarter of its width, segments subequal, indistinctly marked. 
Eyes at the side of the base of the quadrangular tubercle, postantennal 
organs wanting. Buccal orifice blunt, short, and white. Legs short, 
with a single strong claw. Length, 5 mm. (0.20 inch). Habitat: 
Salineville, Ohio. 

“This species can be recognized by its size, color, and the globular 
tubercles; from gigantea Tullberg, its nearest ally, from Siberia, by the 
absence of the postantennal organ.” (MacGillivray.) 

The following notes, which I made from a cotype given to me by 
Doctor MacGillivray, will assist in the identification of this species. 
Prothorax with eight segmental tubercles, equal in size. Mesothorax 
and metathorax each with eight, of which two lateral tubercles are 
posterior to the rest. First three abdominal segments each with 
eight. Fourth abdominal segment with eight visible from above 
(fig. 229); an anterior row of six, and a postero-lateral tubercle on 
each side. Genital segment in dorsal aspect with two large terminal 
tubercles (fig. 229). Anal segment not visible from above. Unguis 
(fig. 230) stout, curving, strongly unidentate one-third from the base 


of the inner margin. 
e 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 511 


The single specimen at my.disposal was lost before I had ascertained 
the number of its eyes. 


NEANURA SERRATA, new species. 
Plate 24, figs. 231-235. 


General color dark blue; ground color grayish blue, mottled; 
segmental tubercles blackish. Eyes (fig. 231) five on each side. 
Postantennal organs absent. Antennae subequal to head in length, 
separated basally; last two segments confluent. Olfactory hairs of 
fourth antennal segment (fig. 232) five or six: three or four inner, 
one outer, and one dorsal. Sense-organ of third antennal segment as 
in figure 233. Unguis (fig. 234) stout, curving, untoothed. Tibio- 
tarsal hairs as in figure 234. Anal segment not visible from above. 
Basal antennal segment with one dorsal tubercle. Head with 12 
tubercles, as follows: one between the bases of the antennae; five 
in a transverse row, including the two ocular tubercles; four in a 
posterior transverse series, in which the tubercle at each end repre- 
sents two united tubercles; two small tubercles, each antero-lateral 
in position. First six body segments each with eight tubercles, six 
of which are visible dorsally. Seventh segment with six tubercles, 
four of them visible from above. Genital segment with four, two 
evident dorsally. Anal segment with four, visible only ventrally, 
two being supra-anal and two infra-anal. Clothing of conspicuous 
stout yellow setae, serrate or feathered (fig. 235), mostly very long; 
the length of the longest being more than one-third the greatest 
width of the body; in addition to these there are numerous minute 
simple setae. Length, 2.4 mm. 

Found under boards and rotten logs in moist soil. One specimen 
had teleutospores of Uredineae in the alimentary canal. 

Oregon.—Corvallis, February 5, March 22, H. E. Ewing; March 
11, A. L. Lovett. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 19908, U.S.N.M. 


NEANURA ORNATA Folsom. 
Plate 7, fig. 6; plate 24, figs. 236-240. 


Neanura ornata Fousom, 19026.—AxEtson, 1903b.—CaAro.r, 1912. 


White (fig. 6). Head (fig. 236) slightly longer than broad, rounded 
triangular. Eyes (fig. 236, e, e, e) not more than three on each side, 
in longitudinal alignment; two are close together and immediately 
behind the base of the antenna; the third is considerably behind 
these. The eyes are rudimentary; they lack pigment, and even the 
cornea, especially of the posterior eye, is frequently indistinguishable. 
Postantennal organs absent. Antennae (fig. 237) barely more than 
half as long as the head, with segments related as 5:4:4:6; basal 


512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


segment stout, globose, reticulate; second and third globose, slightly 
or not at all reticulate; fourth conical, reticulate; the minute tu- 
bercles successively smaller on the first three segments but of equal 
size on the second and fourth. The large tubercles which characterize 
the genus coalesce on the head of this species, but are indicated by the 
arrangement of the setigerous, reticulated areas. Buccal cone is in 
figure 238. Body segments related in length as 3:4:5:6:5:5:4:2:2; 
anal segment reduced and not visible from above. The number of 
large tubercles on each successive segment is, respectively, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 
8, 8, 6, 2. On the fourth abdominal segment the two dorsal tubercles 
coalesce and four tubercles are ventral. On the genital segment 
all six coalesce. On the anal segment the two tubercles are ventral. 
Each tubercle, though but slightly elevated, is defined by its chitinous 
reticulation and by two to four stiff serrulate setae of two forms 
(fig. 239). The minute cuticular tubercles are conical (fig. 239) and 
frequently clustered. Legs short and stout, with stout curving setae. 
Ungues (fig. 240) alike, apically curving, prominently unidentate at 
the base of the inner margin. Length, 1.4 mm. 

In the males (fig. 6) the abdomen gradually dilates, and the 
breadth is to the length as 1:2.8; the females are oval-cylindrical, 
with breadth to length as 1:2. 

In my original description of this species I stated, ‘‘tibiae with 
a subapical pair of appendages, pyriform in outline.’ These are 
shown in figure 240. They are not present on all of my specimens, 
but occur on many of them, singly or in pairs, near the end of the 
tibiotarsus. . Axelson ('03), p. 3) failed to find them in his seven 
Siberian specimens; and Caroli (12, p. 365) regards them as peri- 
thecia of Laboulbeniaceae; hence I admit that they may be parasitic 
fungi. 

The 35 cotypes of Neanura ornata were collected at Sitka, Alaska, 
by the Harriman Expedition; and the species has since been recorded 
from Siberia by Axelson. 

Cotypes.—Cat. No. 5435, U.S.N.M. 

NEANURA QUADRIOCULATA Guthrie. 
Plate 25, figs. 241-245. 


Neanura quadrioculata GuTHRIE, 1903.—BARBER, 1913. 


‘‘Entirely white except the two black eye patches on each side of 
the head, each eye patch containing a single ocellus.”” The eyes are 
shown in figures 241 and 242. Postantennal organs absent. Anten- 
nae shorter than the head; last two segments confluent. Olfactory 
hairs of fourth antennal segment eight in number: six inner and two 
outer, including a stout semicircular giant-hair, as in figure 243. 
Third antennal segment with an anterior dorso-lateral olfactory hair 
(fig. 243). Mouth parts piercing-suctorial, projecting in a con- 
spicuous cone (fig. 244). Mandibles and maxillae styliform; the 


no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 5138 








former without molar surface, the latter without terminal toothed 
lamellae. Unguis (fig. 245) stout, curving, without teeth. Unguicu- 
lus absent. Tenent hairs absent. Sixth abdominal segment visible 
from above. Supra-anal valves bilobed; infraanal valves bilobed. 

Head with 10 large tubercles: one between the bases of the anten- 
nae; a transverse row of five, including the two ocular tubercles 
and a large median tubercle; a posterior transverse series of four, 
in which the two dorsal tubercles are undeveloped and are represented 
by a pair of small setae. 

The two dorsal tubercles are similarly undeveloped and_ repre- 
sented by two small setae on all the body segments from the pro- 
thorax to the fourth abdominal segment, inclusive. Prothorax with 
four segmental tubercles; mesothorax to fourth abdominal segment, 
inclusive, with six each; genital segment with four large tubercles; 
anal segment with two. The abdomen in dorsal aspect terminates 
in four large rounded tubercles. 

The setae of the tubercles are long, stiff, and nonserrate; the 
remaining setae of the body are sparse, small, and curving. 

Length, 1.8 mm. 

I have referred my specimens to Neanura quadrioculata Guthrie 
because they agree with his description, as far as it goes; it does not 
go very far, however, so I am not positive that the specimens belong 
to that species. 

The name Neanura quadrioculata is, by the way, preoccupied by 
Borner (01), and the form that I have described here is evidently 
different from his. (See Bérner, ’01b, p. 482, and Linnaniemi, ’12, 
p. 77). It remains to be seen whether Guthrie had Bérner’s species 
in hand or, as is more probable, a new species. 

The nine specimens of this species that I have studied were sent 
to me by Mr. H. S. Barber; some of them were alive and showed 
the luminosity that he has described (13, p. 46). 

Jackson’s Island, Maryland, June 30, in rotting hemlock log, 
H. 8S. Barber. 

Virginia shore, opposite Plummer’s Island, Maryland, October 18, 
19, H. S. Barber. 

Subfamily PODURINAE Borner. 


Podurinae BORNER, 1906. 
Genus PODURA Linnaeus. 


Podura LINNAEUS, 1758. 
Hypogastrura Bour.et, 1839. 
Hydropodura BORNER, 1901c. 
Podura BoRNER, 1906. 


Head hypognathous. Eyes near the posterior part of the head; 
eight on each side. Postantennal organ apparently absent, repre- 
10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——33 


514 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


sented externally by a minute rudiment. Antennae short. Mouth 
parts biting; mandibles with a well developed molar surface. Body 
short and stout. Ungues very long and slender. Unguiculi absent. 
Furcula very long, extending beyond the ventral tube, clearly 
attached to the fourth abdominal segment. Dentes very long, 
strongly bowed, apically ringed, two-segmented. Mucrones lamel- 
late. Anal spines absent. Integument tuberculate. 


PODURA AQUATICA Linnaeus. 
Plate 25, figs. 246-250. 


Podura aquatica LINNAEUS, 1758.—NicoLeT, 1841.—TuiiBEre, 1871, 1872.— 
Lupsock, 1868, 1873.—PacKarp, 1873.—Parona, 1879, 1882.—Da.ia 
Torre, 1888, 1895.—Uzert, 1890.—MacGriiivray, 1891.—Scuo6rr, 1894, 
1902.—Revuter, 1895.—ScHAFFER, 1896, 1900a, 1900b.—Lin-PrTTERSEN, 
1897.—Porrre and ScHAFFER, 1897.—ScHERBAKOV, 1898.—CarRL, 1899, 
1901.—WAHLGREN, 1899}, 1906a.—CARPENTER and Evans, 1899.—ABSOoLOoN, 
1900a, 1901b.—WitLteM, 1900.—B6RNER, 1901d.—KrausBAvER, 1901.— 
Acren, 1903.—Gururip, 1903.—AXELSON, 1906.—(AXELSON) LINNANIEMI, 
1907, 1912. 

FTypogastrura aquatica BouRLET, 1839. 

Hydropodura aquatica BORNER, 1901c, 1902. 

Podura granulata MacGiuivray, 1893b. 


Blackish blue; antennae and legs reddish brown; furcula pale 
brown. Eyes eight on each side (fig. 246). Ocular areas with coni- 
cal elevations between the eyes. Antennae stout, cylindrical, 
shorter than the head, with segments about as 4:5:6:7 in relative 
lengths. Olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment absent. Sense- 
organ of third antennal segment consisting of a pair of short stiff 
setae (fig. 247). A dorsal subsegment occurs on the anterior part of 
each body segment except the ninth. Unguis (fig. 248) slender, 
curving, longer than the tibiotarsus, unidentate behind the middle 
of the inner margin. Unguiculus represented only by a toothlike 
rudiment. Tenent hair single, unknobbed. Rami of tenaculum 
quadridentate (fig. 249). Furcula extending as far as the first 
pair of legs. Manubrium short. Dentes strongly bowed outward, 
apically convergent, with an obsolete transverse suture two-fifths 
from the base, and with the tubercles of the distal third arranged 
in transverse rings. Mucrones (fig. 250) three-fifths as long as hind 
ungues, with outer and inner lamellae, and with a prominent dorso- 
lateral rounded-triangular basal lobe. Anal spines absent. Body 
clothing of few minute curving setae; dens with 12 to 17 long curving 
dorsal setae, most of which are in two longitudinal series. Length, 
1.3 mm. 

American specimens agree with 28 European examples which I 
received from Dr. Caesar Schiffer, except in having stouter bodies 
and appendages than the latter. 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 515 


Podura granulata MacGillivray (936, p. 316) is a synonym of 
P. aquatica Linnaeus, as I have found by an examination of two of 
the cotypes. 

Podura aquatica, one of our most abundant collembolans, occurs 
on the surface of standing water on the margins of ponds and streams, 
having special structural adaptations for a semi-aquatic life. It 
swarms on vegetation or rubbish along the shore, and at times is 
blown against the shore in masses of enormous numbers. This 
species often appears in fresh-water aquaria, and is essentially a 
fresh-water species, though it has been found occasionally in pools 
of brackish water on the seashore. 

P. aquatica is common throughout Europe and has been taken in 
Siberia. 

Massachusetts.—Cambridge, March 13, April 17, 22, 29, May 14. 
Belmont, March 27, April 19, 23. Arlington, March 13, 27, April 
17, May 10. Lexington, May 10. Waltham, May 9. Weston, 
July 16. Dedham, July 12. Norwood, August 26. 

Ohio.—Yellow Springs, February 9, April 3, August 18. 

Indiana.—Bluffton, C. C. Deam. 

Illinois.—Urbana, May 5, July 18, October 9. Galesburg, March, 
J. G. Needham. 

Tennessee.—H. E. Summers. 

Wisconsin.—Two Rivers, September 1. 

Minnesota.—J. E. Guthrie (Univ. Minn.). 

Washington.—L. M. Bremner (Stanford Univ.). 








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vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 1-35. 

Scuirrer, ©. 1896. Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg. Mitt. Naturh. 
Mus. Hamburg, vol. 13, pp. 149-216. 

1897. Apterygoten. Hamb. Magalh. Sammel., pp. 148. Hamburg. 

1900a. Ueber wiirttembergische Collembola. Jahresh. Ver. Naturk. Wiirt- 

temberg, vol. 56, pp. 245-280. 

19006. Die arktischen und subarktischen Collembola. Fauna Arctica, vol. 
1, Lief. 2, pp. 237-258. 

ScHerBAKOov, A. M. 1898. Materials for the Apterygogenea-Fauna of the Vicinity 
of Kief, pp. 1-31. Kief. [In Russian.] 

1899. Zur Collembolen-Fauna Spitzbergens. Zool. Anz., vol. 22, p. 47. 

Scuérr, H. 189la. Nya nordiska Collembola beskrifna. Ent. Tidskr., vol. 12, pp. 
191-192. ss 

18916. Beitrige zur Kenntniss Kalifornischer Collembola. Bih. K. Svenska 

Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 17, Afd. 4, No. 8, pp. 1-25. 

1894a. Zur Systematik und Verbreitung palaearctischer Collembola. K. 

Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 25, No. 11, pp. 1-100. 

1894b. Lipurider fran Florida. Ent. Tidskr., vol. 15, p. 128. 

1896a. North American Apterygogenea. Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 

vol. 6, pp. 169-196. 

18966. Collembola pa sné och is. Ent. Tidskr., vol. 17, pp. 113-128. 

1902. Etudessur les Collembolesdu Nord. Bih. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., 

vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 1-48. 
























































no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 519 





SHorsoruam, J. W. 1914. Noteson Collembola. Part 2. Some Irish Collembola 
and Notes on the Genus Orchesella. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, vol. 13, pp. 
59-68. 

Sxorikow, A. 1900. Zoologische Ergebnisse der russischen Expedition nach 
Spitzbergen im Jahre 1899. Collembola. Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. 
Petersburg, vol. 5, pp. 190-209. 

TEMPLETON, R. 1835. Thysanurae Hibernicae. Trans. Ent, Soc. London, vol. 1, 
pt. 2, pp. 89-98. 

TémbsvAry, O. 1883. Ujabb Adatok hazink Thysanura-faundjihoz. Math. Term. 
Kozlem, Magyar Akad., vol. 18, pp. 119-130. 

TuitperG, T. 1869. Om skandinaviska Podurider af underfamiljen Lipurinae. 
Akad. Afhandl., pp. 1-20. Upsala. 

1871. Férteckning 6fver Svenska Podurider. Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 

vol. 28, pp. 143-155. 

1872. Sveriges Podurider. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 10, No. 10, 

pp. 1-70. 

1876. Collembola borealia. Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Férh., vol. 33, pp. 23-42. 

Uzet, J. 1890. Thysanura Bohemiae. Sitzb. k. béhmisch. Ges. Wiss., vol. 2, 
pp. 1-82. 

1891. Verzeichniss der auf Helgoland gefundenen Apterygogenea. Zool. 
Jahrb., Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol., vol. 5, pp. 919-920. 

WAHLGREN, E. 1899a. Ueber die von der Schwedischen Polarexpedition 1898 
gesammelten Collembolen. Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Férh., vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 335-340. 

18995. On some Apterygogenea collected in the Volga-delta and in Trans- 

caspia by Dr. E. Lonnberg. Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Férh., vol. 56, No. 8, pp. 847-850. 

1900a. Collembola, wiihrend der schwedischen Grénlandsexpedition 1899 

auf Jan Mayen und Ost-Grénland eingesammelt. Ofv. K. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 

vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 353-375. 

19006. Beitrige zur fauna der Biren-Insel. Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. 

Handl., vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 3-8. 

1906a. Collembola fran Torne lappmark och angriinsande trakter. Ent. 

Tidskr., vol. 27, pp. 219-230. 

19066. Svensk tnsektfauna. Ent. Tidskr., vol. 27, pp. 233-270. 

1907. Collembola from the 2nd Fram Expedition 1898-1902, pp. 1-6. Kristi- 
ania. A. W. Brgeger. 

WitteM, V. 1900. Recherches sur les Collemboles et les Thysanoures, Mém. cour. 
Mém. sav. étr. Acad. roy. Belgique, vol. 58, pp. 1-144. 

1902. Note préliminaire sur les Collemboles des Grottes de Han et de Roche- 

fort. Ann. Soc. Ent. Belgique, vol. 46, pp. 275-283. 

1906. Un nouveau Collembole marin (Anuridella marina), Mém. Soc. Ent. 

Belgique, vol. 12, pp. 247-252. 






































EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


PLATE 7. 


Fiq. Achorutes socialis, % 18. 

. Achorutes armatus, * 22. 

Anurida amorita, X 14. 

Neanura muscorum, depigmented to show tubercles, X 25. 
. Neanura gigantea, * 12. 

. Neanura ornata, X 45. 


ankrwWn re 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou, 50, 





Fic. 


Fia. 


42. 
43. 
44, 


PLATE 8. 


. Achorutes tigrina, eyes of right side, > 285 

. Achorutes tigrina, left fore foot, & 450. 

. Achorutes tigrina, dens and mucro of right side, & 450. 
. Achorutes copiosus, left mid foot, * 350. 

. Achorutes copiosus, left mucro, X 840. 

12. 
. Achorutes copiosus, anal spine, * 260. 

. Achorutes copiosus, dorsal setae of metathorax, & 220. 

. Achorutes maturus, right postantennal organ, « 840. 

. Achorutes maturus, sense organ of third antennal segment ofright side, < 840. 
. Achorutes maturus, left hind foot, 840. 

. Achorutes maturus, left mucro, < 840. 

. Achorutes maturus, right mucro, 840. 

. Achorutes maturus, anal spine, X 840. 

. Achorutes maturus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. 


Achorutes copiosus, right mucro, X 840. 


PLATE 9. 


. Achorutes brevispinus, right postantennal organ, < 1640. 
. Achorutes brevispinus, right postantennal organ, & 1120. 
. Achorutes brevispinus, left fore foot, « 422. 

5. Achorutes brevispinus, right mucro, X 1120. 

. Achorutes brevispinus, right mucro, * 1120. 

. Achorutes brevispinus, anal spine, < 504. 

. Achorutes brevispinus, dorsal setae, X 346. 

. Achorutes packardi, right postantennal organ, * 1120. 

. Achorutes packardi, right hind foot, 520. 

. Achorutes packardi, left dens and mucro, X 520. 

. Achorutes packardi, left anal spine, X 386. 

. Achorutes packardi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, X 386. 


PLATE 10. 


. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, left hind foot, & 290. 
5. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, X 390 
. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, « 390. 


Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, x 390. 


. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, dorso-lateral aspect of right mucro, X 390. 
39. 
. Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, left anal spine, X 82. 
41. 


Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, dorsal aspect of right mucro, < 390. 


Achorutes packardi, var. dentatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, X 
110. 

Achorutes socialis, eyes of left side, 260. 

Achorutes socialis, right postantennal organ, & 840. 

Achorutes socialis, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of right side, X 
260. 


45. Achorutes socialis, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, X 840. 


46. 


Achorutes socialis, right hind foot, « 580. 


i i 


No. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 521 
PuaTeE 11. 


Fia. 47. Achorutes socialis, left dens and mucro, X 350. 
48, Achorutes socialis, dorsal aspect of right mucro, & 365. 
49. Achorutes socialis, left anal spine, < 110. 
50. Achorutes socialis, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 110. 
51. Achorutes harveyi, eyes of left side, x 290. 
52. Achorutes harveyi, right postantennal organ, & 840. 
53. Achorutes harveyi, left hind foot, K 365. 
54. Achorutes harveyi, lateral aspect of left dens and mucro, X 365. 
55. Achorutes harveyi, dorso-lateral aspect of left dens and mucro, X 365. 
56. Achorutes harveyi, dorsal aspect of right mucro, X 580. 
57. Achorutes harveyi, left anal spine, 365. 
58. Achorutes harveyi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 82. 


PLATE 12. 


Fra. 59. Achorutes humi, eyes of right side, & 840. 
60. Achorutes humi, right postantennal organ, X 1230. 
61. Achorutes humi, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 840. 
62. Achorutes humi, left hind foot, « 840. 
63. Achorutes hum, left mucro, K 1230. 
64. Achorutes humi, right mucro, < 1230. 
65. Achorutes humi, anal spine, * 1230. 
66. Achorutes humi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, & 350. 
67. Achorutes tullbergi, eyes of right side, 415. 
68. Achorutes tullbergi, right postantennal organ, & 1230. 
69. Achorutes tullbergi, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, x 
1230. 
70. Achorutes tullbergi, right hind foot, « 840. 
71. Achorutes tullbergi, right mucro, X 840. 
72. Achorutes tullbergi, left anal spine, X 350. 
73. Achorutes lulibergi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, *X 350. 


PLATE 13. 


Fria. 74. Achorutes macgillivrayi, left postantennal organ, X 1230. 
75. Achorutes macgillivrayi, right postantennal organ, < 840. 
76. Achorutes macgillivrayi, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, 
* 840. 
77. Achorutes macgillivrayi, left hind foot, « 490. 
78. Achorutes macgillivrayi, left mucro, < 840. 
79. Achorutes macgillivrayi, anal spine, < 490. 
80. Achorutes macgillivrayi, anal spines, X 350. 
§1. Achorutes, macgillivrayi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, X 110. 
82. Achorutes viaticus, eyes of left side, « 260. 
3. Achorutes viaticus, right postantennal organ, < 840. 
84. Achorutes viaticus, left hind foot, 276. 
85. Achorutes viaticus, right mucro, X 350. 
86. Achorutes vialicus, left mucro, X 450. 
7. Achorutes viaticus, anal spine, X 350. 
88. Achorutes viaticus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, < 110. 


522 


Fig. 


Fig. 


Fie. 


89 


90. 
91. 
92. 
93. 
94. 
95. 
96. 


Of. 


98. 
99. 
100. 


101. 
102. 
103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 


107. 
108. 
109. 
110. 
a 
112. 
113. 


114. 
115. 
116. 
Ts 
118. 


119° 


120. 


121. 


122. 
123. 


124. 


125. 
126. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50, 


PLATE 14. 


. Achorutes guthrie?, left postantennal organ, 840. 

Achorutes quthriei, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, « 840. 

Achorutes guthriei, left fore foot, < 840. 

Achorutes guthriei, right mucro, 840. 

Achorutes guthriei, anal spine, 260. 

Achorutes guthriei, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, X 520. 

Achorutes pseudarmatus, eyes and postantennal organ of left side, & 260. 

Achorutes pseudarmatus, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of left 
side, X 490. 

Achorutes pseudarmatus, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, 
x 840. 

Achorutes pseudarmatus, right hind foot, 735. 

Achorutes pseudarmatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, < 840. 

Achorutes pseudarmatus, dorsal aspect of left mucro, & 840. 


PuatTe 15. 


Achorutes pseudarmatus, anal spine, X 260. 

Achorutes pseudarmatus, anal spine, * 490. 

Achorutes pseudarmatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. 

Achorutes armatus, eyes and postantennal organ of left side, x 397. 

Achorutes armatus, right postantennal organ, * 840. 

Achorutes armatus, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of right side, 
x 490. 

Achorutes armatus, sense organ of third antennal segment of rightside, 840. 

Achorutes armatus, eversible sac of left antenna, X 260. 

Achorutes armatus, left hind foot, * 840. 

Achorutes armatus, unguis, showing lateral teeth, 840. 

Achorutes armatus, lateral aspect of left mucro, X 840. 

Achorutes armatus, lateral aspect of right mucro, < 840. 

Achorutes armatus, dorsal aspect of right mucro, < 840. 


Prate 16. 


Achorutes armatus, anal spine, 260. 

Achorutes armatus, anal spine, X 364. 

Achorutes armatus, anal spines, 260. 

Achorutes armatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. 

Achorutes glasgow, left postantennal organ, X 1230. 

Achorutes glasgowi, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of left side, x 
490. 

Achorutes glasgowi, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 
1230. 

Achorutes glasgowi, right hind foot, 735. 

Achorutes glasgowi, dorsal aspect of furcula, X 350. 

Achorutes glasgowi, lateral aspect of right mucro, < 840. 

Achorutes glasgowi, dorsal aspect of left mucro, 840. 

Achorutes glasgowi, anal spines, X 1230. 

Achorutes glasgowi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. 


No. 2134, 


Fic. 


Fia. 


Fie. 


127. 
128. 
129. 


180. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 
135. 
136. 
137. 
138. 
139. 
140. 
141. 
142. 


143. 
144, 
145. 
146. 
147. 
148. 
149. 
150. 
151: 
152. 
153. 
154. 
155. 
156. 
157. 


158. 
159. 
160. 
161. 
162. 
163. 
164. 
165. 
166. 
167. 
168. 
169. 
170. 
171. 
172. 
173. 


NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 5238 


PLATE 17. 


Achorutes uniunguiculatus, eyes of left side, & 350. 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, left postantennal organ, & 1230. 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, sense organ of third antennal segment of left 
side, X 1230. . 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, right hind foot, 840. 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, left dens and mucro, X 350. 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, left mucro, < 840. 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, left mucro, < 840. 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, anal spines, X 840. 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, lateral aspect of left anal spine, & 1230. 

Achorutes uniunguiculatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, & 350. 

Xenylla humicola, eyes of left side, X 268. 

Xenylla humicola, left fore foot, * 470. 

Xenylla humicola, left dens and mucro, X 260. 

Xenylla humicola, left mucro, * 1230. 

Xenylla humicola, left mucro, * 840. 

Xenylla humicola, anal spines, X 470. 


PLATE 18. 


Xenylla baconae, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, X 1230. 
Xenylla baconae, right hind foot, * 840. 

Xenylla baconae, left aspect of furcula, X 260. 

Xenylla baconae, left mucro, 840. 

Xenylla baconae, anal spines, X 350. 

Xenylla baconae, anal spine, X 840. 

Xenylla buconae, dorsal setae of mesonotum, 260. 

Xenylla welchi, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, & 840. 
Xenylla welchi, right hind foot, 840. 

Xenylla welchi, left aspect of furcula, 350. 

Xenylla welchi, left dens and mucro, X 840. 

Xenylla welchi, left mucro, * 1230. 

Xenylla welchi, anal spines, X 350. 

Xenylla welchi, anal spine, 840. 

Xenylla welchi, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 350, 


PLATE 19. 


Xenylla gracilis, extremity of abdomen (from Guthrie). 

Xenylla gracilis, anal spines (from Guthrie). 

Xenylla gracilis, eyes of right side (from Guthrie), e 
Xenylla gracilis, furcula (from Guthrie). 

Xenylla maritima, left mid foot, « 840. 

Xenylla maritima, left dens and mucro, X 840. 

Xenylla maritima, anal spines, X 840. 

Xenylla maritima, anal spine, * 1230. 

Xenylla maritima, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 260. 
Friesea caldaria, anal spines (from Guthrie). 

Friesea caldaria, anal spine (from Guthrie). 

Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus, eyes and postantennal organ of left side, X 450. 
Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus, dorsal aspect of head, X 86. 
Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus, left fore foot, K 480. 

Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus, mucro, * 450. 

Pseudachorutes aw eofasciatus, modified hair, X 280. 


524 


Fic. 


Fic. 


Fia. 


174, 
175. 
176. 
Vat: 
178. 
179. 
180. 
181. 
182. 
183. 
184. 
185. 
186. 


187. 
188. 
189. 
190. 
LO 
192. 
193. 
194. 
195. 
196. 


NOG 


198. 
99) 
200. 
201. 
202. 
203. 
204. 
205. 
206. 
20%. 
208. 
209. 
210. 
211. 
212. 
213. 
214. 
215. 


216. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


PLATE 20. 


Pseudachorutes complexus, eyes of left side, X 140. 

Pseudachorutes complexus, left postantennal organ, & 450. 
Pseudachorutes complexus, dorsal aspect of left antenna, & 45. 
Pseudachorutes complexus, buccal cone, < 54. 

Pseudachorutes complecus, right hind foot, X 140. 

Pseudachorutes complexus, left dens and mucro, X 200. 

Pseudachorutes complexus, dorsal setae of third abdominal segment, X 54. 
Pseudachorutes lunatus, eyes and postentennal organ of left side, x 290. 
Pseudachorutes lunatus, left postantennal organ, X 840. 

Pseudachorutes lunatus, left fore foot, 840. 

Pseudachorutes lunatus, right dens and mucro, X 350. 

Pseudachorutes lunatus, left mucro, < 840. 

Pseudachorutes lunatus, dorsal setae of first abdominal segment, 290. 


PLATE 2]. 


Odontella ewingt, eyes of right side, 260. 

Odontella ewingi, right postantennal organ, < 840. 

Odontella ewingi, spine from head, * 840. 

Odontella ewingi, ventral aspect of head, X 46. 

Odontella ewingi, right fore leg, * 125. 

Odontella ewingi, right fore foot, 350. 

Odontella ewingi, unguis, showing lateral teeth, 350. 

Odontella ewingi, dorsal aspect of dentes and mucrones, 260. 

Odontella ewingt dorsal setae of metathorax, X 260. 

Odontella ewingi, integumentary tubercles at end of abdomen, right side, x 
260. 

Odontella ewingi, cuticular pattern, < 840. 


PLATE 22. 


Anurida maritima, eyes and postantennal organ of right side, X 142. 

Anurida maritima, left postantennal organ, 1230. 

Anurida maritima, sense organ of third antennal segment of left side, 840. 

Anurida maritima, left hind foot, 260. 

Anurida maritima, dorsal setae of second abdominal segment, X 82. 

Anurida tullbergi, postantennal organ (after Carl). 

Anurida tullbergi, olfactory hairs of left antenna (after Keren). 

Anurida tullbergi, unguis (after Carl). 

Anurida amorita, eyes and postantennal organ of right side, X 150. 

Anurida amorita, left postantennal organ, X 325. 

Anurida amorita, right postantennal organ, X 325. 

Anurida amorita, dorsal aspect of right antennal organ, X 275. 

Anurida amorita, left mid foot, * 150. 

Anurida amorita, right fore foot, 225. 

Anurida granaria, left postantennal organ, X 567. 

Anurida granaria, right postantennal organ, oblique aspect, 567. 

Anurida granaria, right fore foot, X 474. 

Paranura caeca, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of right side, X 
260. 

Paranura caeca, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 
840. 


no. 2134. NORTH AMERICAN COLLEMBOLOUS INSECTS—FOLSOM. 525 





Fia. 217. 
218. 
219. 
220. 
1. Paranura caeca, dorsal seta of first abdominal segment, X 85. 

. Neanura muscorum, eyes of left side, X 197. 

. Neanura muscorum, left fore foot, < 260. 

. Neanura muscorum, tubercle of head, X 197. 

. Neanura muscorum, maxilla, X 840. 

. Neanura gigantea, eyes of left side , x 95. 

. Neanura gigantea, left postantennal organ, X 325. 

. Neanura gigantea, hind foot, X 74. 

. Neanura magna, diagram of tubercles of fourth and fifth abdomina: seg- 


Fia. 


Fia. 


231. 
232. 


233. 
234. 
235. 
236. 
237. 
238. 
239. 
240. 


241. 
242. 
243. 
244. 
245. 
246. 
247. 
248. 
249. 
250. 


PLATE 23. 


Paranura cacca, mandible, X 1230. 
Paranura caeca, maxilla, X 1230. 
Paranura cacca, right fore foot, * 460. 
Paranura cacca, left hind foot, X 525. 


ments, X 23. 


. Neanura magna, left hind foot, < 240. 


Puate 24. 


Neanura serrata, eyes of right side, X 260. 

Neanura serrata, olfactory hairs of fourth antennal segment of left side, 
x 490. 

Neanura serrata, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 840. 

Neanura serrata, right hind foot, X 260. 

Neanura serrata, serrate seta, X 260. 

Neanura ornata, head; eyes indicated by e, e, e, X 74. 

Neanura ornata, left antenna, X 95. 

Neanura ornata, ventral aspect of head, X 45. 

Neanura ornata, metanotal setae, X 325. 

Neanura ornata, left fore foot, * 275. 


PLATE 25. 


Neanura quadrioculata, dorsal aspect of head, 85. 

Neanura quadrioculata, eyes of left side, X 490. 

Neanura quadrioculata, olfactory hairs of right antenna, X 490. 

Neanura quadrioculata, ventral aspect of head, X 85. 

Neanura quadrioculata, left hind foot, X 735. 

Podura aquatica, eyes of left side, X 260. 

Podura aquatica, sense organ of third antennal segment of right side, X 460. 
Podura aquatica, left foot, * 260. 

Podura aquatica, left aspect of tenaculum, X 377. 

Podura aquatica, right mucro, * 490. 





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NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE 


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— 


NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. 


en sel fonnesrl een 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 520. 





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NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 520. 





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3E 





44 





NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 520. 





a 7 / ont eel GE 


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NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 521. 





ee: 


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OO 
<e 
oS \ 


O a 
59 





64 





63 


65 





66 OO 





69 


72 73 worn 


NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. 





FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 521. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 13 





NORTH AMERICAN ACHORUTINAE, NEANURINAE, AND PODURINAE. 


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[SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE PHILIPPINE CRUISE OF THE FISHERIES STEAMER 
“ALBATROSS,” 1907-1910.—No. 34. ] 


NEW SPECIES OF CRABS OF THE FAMILIES INACHID 
AND PARTHENOPID. 


By Mary J. Rarusun, 


Associate in Zoology, United States National Museum. 


This is the third of a series of papers describing new crabs obtained 
in Philippine and adjacent waters during the years 1907-1910 by the 
steamer Albatross of the United States Bureau of Fisheries. The 
earlier papers were published as Nos. 2044 and 2067 of these Pro- 
ceedings.? 

The new species here described are as follows: 


Acheus villosus. ITyastenus tuberculosus. 
Platymaia bartschi. ITyastenus orbis. 

(Platymaia alcocki.) ETyastenus biformis. 

Platymaia remifera. EHyastenus fraterculus. 

Platymaia fimbriata. EHyastenus scrobiculatus. 
Cyrtomaia horrida. ETyastenus tinaktensis. 

Cyrtomaia echinata. Chorilia sphenocarcinoides. 
Acheopsis suluensis. Naxioides rombloni. 

Peltinia sublimis. Phalangipus filiformis. 
Antilibinia gilloloensis. Phalangipus retusus. 

Pugettia mindanaoensis. Maja suluensis. 

Pugettia leytensis. Maja linapacanensis. 
Sphenocarcinus luzonicus. Maja bisarmata. 

Sphenocarcinus auritus. Leptomithrax sinensis. 
Sphenocarcinus nodosus. Parthenope (Rhinolambrus) rudis. 
Hyastenus trispinosus. Parthenope (Pseudolambrus) parva. 
ITyastenus auctus. Cryptopodia angusta. 





1 [Scientific results of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer Albatross, 1907— 
1910.—No. 31.] New species of crabs of the families Grapside and Ocypodide. Proc. 
U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 47, No. 2044, May 7, 1914, pp. 69-85. 

[Scientific resuits of the Philippine cruise of the Fisheries steamer Albatross, 1907— 
1910.—No. 32.] A new genus and some new species of crabs of the family Goneplacide. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 48, No. 2067, Dec. 16, 1914, pp. 187-154. 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 50—No. 2135. 


528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Especially noteworthy are the number of large, circular forms of 
Tnachine, the great variety of Hyastenus, and the occurrence of a 
species of Antilibinia, a genus known previously from a single South 
African species. 

All measurements are in millimeters. 


Family INACHID. 
Subfamily INACHEIIN A“. 


ACHZEUS VILLOSUS, new species. 


Type-locality—Oft Jolo: Jolo Light, 5S. 51° W., 3.6 miles; lat. 6° 
06’ N.; long. 121° 02’ 30’ E.; 20 fathoms; co. S.; Feb. 14, 1908; 
station 5139, Albatross. 

Holotype.—Male, soft shell. Cat. No. 48207, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.——Approximate. Entire length of carapace, 8.3; 
width of same, 6.6; length of rostrum, from front edge of orbit, 0.7; 
free portion of antenna, 3.7; length of hand, 3; width of same, 2; 
length of first walking leg, 30; merus, 10; carpus, 3.8; propodus, 9.55 
dactylus, 4.3; second walking leg, 28.7; merus, 10.3; carpus, 3.4; 
propodus, 7.8; dactylus, 5; third walking leg, 23; merus, 8; carpus, 
3; propodus, 5.6; dactylus, 4.4. 

Carapace covered with soft hairs, mostly straight, a band of 
curved hairs on either side extending from the ends of the posterior 
margin to the orbit. Regions deeply separated and without spines 
or tubercles. Rostrum with a deep median groove, tip subtruncate, 
with a slight notch. Constriction behind eyes very short, hepatic 
region projecting almost at once. 

Basal antennal segment bowed outward, ventral surface spinulous, 
second segment nearly as long as third and a little stouter. A 
spinule above eye at extremity. 

Chelipeds covered with two sorts of hair, of which the curved 
ones are mostly on the surfaces and the straight ones on the margins; 
merus joints swollen, margins spinulous; palms swollen, fingers a 
little longer than upper margin of palm; fingers gaping and irreg- 
ularly dentate for the basal three-fifths. Dactylus of first leg 
straight or nearly so, of second leg slightly curved, of third leg a 
little more curved, fourth leg unknown. 

Relationship.—In the smoothness of the carapace, this species is 
related to A. japonicus. The general shape is the same except for 
the absence of a “neck” in véllosus, the supra-orbital hood being 
close to the hepatic protuberance. In japonicus the third leg has a 
more strongly curved dactylus. , 





1Inachus (Achacus) japonicus de Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1839, p. 99, pl. 29, 
fig. 3; pl. H. 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS-—RATHBUN. 529 








PLATYMAIA BARTSCHI, new species. 


Type-locality—China Sea, off southern Luzon: Matocot Point, 
S. 50° E., 5.10 miles; lat. 138° 41’ 20’ N.; long. 120° 58’ E.; 198 
fathoms; M. 8.; July 24, 1908; station 5297, Albatross. 

Holotype.—Male. Cat. No, 47819, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements —Length of carapace (tip of median rostral spine 
broken off), 74.2; width of same, 69.7; distance between tips of 
outermost spines of orbit, 28; length of cheliped, 148.6; of arm, 
2; of manus (upper edge), 40.3; height of manus, 21.3; length of 
first leg, 310; merus, 111.3; propodus, 102; dactylus, 64; length of 
second leg, 275; merus, 103.7; propodus, 74; dactylus, 61.3; length 
of third leg, 245; merus, 91; propodus, 63; dactylus, 55; length of 
fourth leg, 225; merus, 84.5; propodus, 59; dactylus, 51.5; greatest 


Sea 
width of dactylus, 4.9; greatest width of dactylus in distal half, 
9.8; width of merus at middle, 8.5. 

Carapace subcircular, as broad as long except for the median 
rostral spine, nearly smooth. Interantennular spine or median spine 
of rostrum nearly twice as long as lateral spines and less ascending; 
spines rather slender and acuminate. A row of spines on subhepatic 
and subbranchial regions. 

Eye retractile against the upper of the two suprahepatic spines. 
Tiye-stalks short, eyes very large, cornez chiefly ventral. Antenne 
slender, about one-third length of carapace; basal joint of peduncle 
free. Merus of external maxillipeds about half as wide as ischium, 
bearing the coarse palp at summit; both large joints spinous. 

Chelipeds spinous, twice as long as carapace and stouter than the 
legs, especially as regards the palm. The latter has a double row of 
spines above and below, a single row inside. The lower row is con- 
tinued on the immovable finger by one or two spines. Proximal half 
of dactylus spinulous above. 

Legs long and fiat, those of first pair about four and one-fourth 
times length of carapace; posterior edge with a single row of spines, 
‘anterior edge with a double row of spines, which are very long on 
propodus and dactylus; propodus about one and two-thirds times 
as long as dactylus. Legs of second and third pairs have front edge 
of merus spinous, those of second pair have front edge of propodus 
spinous and hinder edge spinulous. All the merus joints have a spine 
at end of hinder edge; last three dactyli twisted at middle, where 
they are strongly narrowed, then widen again before tapering to the 
horny tip; this last is longer than wide. 

Abdomen seven-jointed; first tergum has three spines, remaining 
terga have small tubercles. The thoracic sterna bear a few spinules, 
as also do the epimeral plates corresponding to the third and fourth 
trunk legs. 


10690°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16 84 





530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Relationship.—Very near P. wyville-thomsoni Wood-Mason and 
Aleock?! which is, I think, distinct from P. wyville-thomsont Miers? 
and may be called Platymaia alcochi. In P. alcocki the branchial 
regions come very close together and in the young almost meet; in P. 
bartschi they are fairly distant. In P. alcocki the rostral horns are of 
equal length, in P. bartschi the middle horn is much the longer. In 
P. alcocki the manus is three times as long as high; in P. bartschi, 
twice as long as high. In P. bartschi the ambulatory legs are shorter 
in relation to carapace length than in P. alcochi; the dactyli of the 
last three pairs are narrower in their distal half than in a@lcocki and 
the horny tips more elongate; while the dactylus of the first pair is 
shorter in proportion to the propodus than in alcocki. 


PLATYMAIA REMIFERA, new species. 


Type-locality Between Cebu and Bohol: Lauis Point Light, N. 
27° E., 17.8 miles; lat. 9° 58’ 30’’ N.; long. 123° 46’ E.; 175 fathoms; 
on. M.; temperature 54.5° F.; March 25, 1909; station 5419, Albatross. 

THolotype—Male. Cat. No. 47156, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace, 51.5; width of same, 52; dis- 
tance between tips of outermost spines of orbit, 25.2; length of 
cheliped, 94; of arm, 36.2; of manus (upper edge), 30.4; height of 
manus, 18; length of first leg, 232; merus, 85; propodus, 78.5; dac- 
tylus, 41.6; length of second leg, 222; merus, 88; propodus, 61.2; 
dactylus, 50.5; length of third leg, 210; merus, 79; propodus, 55.4; 
dactylus, 48.3; length of fourth leg, 194; merus, 72.4; propodus, 51.3; 
dactylus, 45.5; greatest width of dactylus, 3.3; greatest width of dac- 
tylus in distal half, 2.7; width of merus at middle, 5. 

Closely allied to P. bartschi, but smaller. Carapace wider, the 
width being somewhat greater than tength. Front broader at base 
and less advanced, lateral horns more ascending, median horn curved, 
concave above. The several dorsal spines are placed similarly to 
those of bartschi; but the cardiac spines are farther apart than in 
that species and are nearer to the posterior of the gastric spines; 
lateral gastric spines farther apart, and there is no second pair in 
front of them and near the orbit, as is the case in equal-sized speci- 
mens of bartsché. 

Eyes similar to but smaller than those of bartschi. 

Only one spine of good size on the subhepatic and one on the sub- 
branchial region. 

Chelipeds similar to those of P. bartschi, but the manus is highest 
at a greater distance from the fingers. Legs longer and narrower 
than in bartschi, those of first pair 44 times as long as carapace; 
propodi twice as long as dactyli. Propodi and proximal part of 


1 Deep-Sea Brachyura Investigator, 1899, p. 46. 
2 Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 1. 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 531 


dactyli of last three legs fringed with hair on inner edge. Dactyli 
broader in their distal half than in bartsch2, and horny tip shorter. 

The three spines of the first abdominal somite are larger and more 
distant than in bartschi. The chief spine on the epimeral plates cor- 
responding to the third and fourth trunk legs is larger than in 
bartschi. 

PLATYMAIA FIMBRIATA, new species. 

Type-locality—Sibuko Bay, Borneo: Sipadan Island (W.) 8S. 12° 
K., 3.8 miles; lat. 4° 10’ 35’’ N.; long. 118° 387’ 12”’ E.; 415 fathoms; 
gn. M. S. Co.; temperature 42.3° F.; Sept. 28, 1909; station 5587, 
Albatross. 

Holotype—Female. Cat. No. 47177, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace, 51; width of same, 37.2 
distance between outer spines of orbit, 15.2; length of cheliped, 50.7 
of arm, 17.8; of manus (upper edge), 10.8; height of manus, 5.6; 
length of dactylus, 12.2; length of first leg, 143.8; merus, 51.3; 
propodus, 42.4; dactylus, 31; length of second leg, 190; merus, 65.3; 
propodus, 58.6; dactylus, 37.2; length of third leg, 201; merus, 68; 
propodus, 66; dactylus, 40.8; length of fourth leg, 195; merus, 67.8; 
propodus, 63.3; dactylus, 39; width of merus at middle, 3; greatest 
width of dactylus, 1.9. 

Carapace longer than broad, cervical groove very deep, surface 
covered with spines, interspaces smooth. ‘The rostrum projects well 
beyond the general outline and is strongly constricted between the 
base of the lateral horns and the lobe of the inner margin of the 
orbit; the median of the three slender horns is more than twice as 
long as the lateral horns; all the horns are arched upward. The 
hepatic region bears one large spine, against which the eye is re- 
tractile, and several small spines and spinules. The gastric region 
has a large curved median spine; behind it there is a transverse 
groove, after which there ts a much smaller median spine. Cardiac 
region traversed by a broad, smooth groove through the middle, on 
either side of which there is a large spine. Two spines on the pos- 
terior border of the intestinal region and an ill-defined row margins 
the branchial region; the posterior of these is largest and most 
elevated. 

Eyes large and oval. The antennz fall short of the end of the 
rostrum; basal joint spinulous, last joint of peduncle longer and 
slenderer than the preceding. Outer maxillipeds similar to those in 
the preceding species, the two principal joints spinous. 

Chelipeds not much stouter than the legs in either sex, spinous, 
and hairy. In the male the superior length of the palm is nearly 
twice the height and same length as dactylus; in the female the palm 
is narrower than in the male and is shorter than dactylus. Legs 
very long and slender; first pair four and two-thirds times length 


’ 
’ 


of. 


532 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





of carapace in male to three times in female; a double comb of long 
spines on inner margin of propodus and dactylus and of shorter 
spines on merus; outer margin and upper surface also spinous, 
lower surface partially spinulous. Second leg with upper surface 
as well as margins spinous throughout its length; at distal end of 
outer margin there is a loose brush of fine, curved hairs; dactylus 
with a thin fringe of short hair on its outer margin, the hair becom- 
ing longer and thicker near the tip. In the third and fourth legs 
the merus and carpus are similarly armed, but the propodus has 
only marginal spines and the dactylus a few distant spines on the 
proximal half of the outer margin of the dactylus; the propodus has 
two rows of long hair, one on the inner margin, the other near the 
outer margin and turned inward, exceeding the width of the seg- 
ment; similar fringes are on the proximal half of the dactylus, but 
on the distal end of the outer margin there is a short row of out- 
standing hairs. 

The abdomen in both sexes has a stout, conical spine on the first 
segment, while the other segments bear each a few spinules, and, in 
the sixth and seventh segments of the female, several spines. That 
part of the sternum which forms the anterior margin of the egg 
cavity is armed with a few sharp spines. 

Differs from other species in having the carapace covered with 
spines and spinules in all ages instead of with granules or a few 
spines; in the elongated rostrum; in the ambulatory legs armed 
with spines and spinules on the upper surface; in the slenderness of 
the second, third, and fourth legs, and especially of their dactyli; 
in the brush of curled hair at end of outer margin of propodus of 
second leg; and in the brush of straight hair at end of outer margin 
of dactyh of last three legs. 

CYRTOMAIA HORRIDA, new species. 

Type-locality Between Negros and Siquijor: Apo Island (C.), 
S. 64° W., @.3 miles; lat. 9° 08" 15””-N.> lone. 193° 93790" He 2o6 
fathoms; gn. M. S.; temperature 53.3° F.; Aug. 19, 1909; station 
5538, Albatross. 

Holotype.—Large male. Cat. No. 47821, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace, 59; length of carapace to 
rostral sinus, 48.2; width of carapace, 53; length of lateral gastric 
spine, 20.2. 

Belongs to the group having a spine on upper margin of orbit. 
Carapace very rough with sharp granules and covered with short 
hair. The lateral gastric spines are by far the largest spines of the 
carapace; the outer spine of the orbit is next in size, and the bran- 
chial spine, the median gastric spine, and the upper orbital spine 
are next. Still smaller are the two cardiac spines, while there is 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 538 





a small spine or spinule on the intestinal region and several of the 
same on the branchial regions, especially on the margin. The 
large gastric spines are in a plane nearly parallel with that of the 
rostrum and are slightly divergent from each other. There is a 
strong ridge leading from it to the outer margin of the outer spine 
of the orbit; from this ridge a secondary ridge curves around to 
the posterior hepatic spine. 

The eyes have slender stalks and a large acute tubercle on the 
anterior side of the extremity. The basal segment of the antenna 
is armed with three downward pointing spines of which two are 
on the outer margin; the spine at the anterior angle is directed 
obliquely forward; two succeeding segments with a few sharp tu- 
bercles or granules on the under surface; third segment about four 
times as long as wide. 

Manus of chelipeds very elongate, about three times as long as 
its greatest height and increasing in height from the proximal to 
the distal end; its spines are large at the base but acuminate at the 
tips. Fixed finger strongly inclined; the fingers gape moderately, 
and three or four teeth near the base of the dactylus are united in a 
submolar; the proximal two-fifths of the upper surface of the 
dactylus is spinulous. 

First two legs heavily armed; third and fourth pairs have two 
rows of small, slender spines on the lower side of the merus; ter- 
minal spine on all the merus joints long; dactyli with several fringes 
of short hair. 

First, second, and sixth segments of abdomen with one median 
spine; seventh segment with a spine each side of the middle, while 
the other segments have two spines each side of the middle; there 
is also a spine near the outer margin on all the segments save the 
first. Sixth segment a little wider than long, a forward-projecting 
lobe at distal corners. 

This species has much in common with C. goodridget McArdle; 
but the latter has no supraorbital spine; the lateral gastric spines 
are directed strongly outward; the eyes are more robust; the 
movable segments of the antennal peduncle are armed with spines; 
the last two legs have no spines on the under side of the merus 
joints. 

CYRTOMAIA ECHINATA, new species. 


Type-locality —Between Leyte and Mindanao: San Ricardo Point 
(Panaon Island), S. 50° E., 11.2 miles; lat. 10° 02’ 45’’ N.; long. 
125° 05’ 33” E.; 732 fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 52.3° F.; July 31, 
1909; station 5487, Albatross. 


1Tlus. Zool. Investigater, Crust., part 10, 1902, pl. 59, figs. 1-1c; part 12, 1907, pl. 78, 
figs. 2, 2a. 





- 


534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Lolotype.—Uarge female. Cat. No. 47805, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace to tips of rostral horns, 63.3; 
to rostral sinus, 53.7; width of carapace, spines excluded, 60.7; length 
of lateral gastric spine, 22; length of cheliped, 140; length of manus 
(upper margin), 39; greatest width of manus, 8.3; least width of 
manus, 5.8; length of first leg, 260; of second, 205; of third, 175; of 
fourth, 172. 

The roughest species of Cyrtomaia known. Carapace covered with 
spines and spinules. Of the larger spines the gastric pair are by far 
the longest; they are very slender, slightly arched, and are directed 
forward in a plane nearly parallel with that of the rostral horns. 
The posterior median gastric spine and two spines on each branchial 
region of about the same size form an irregular transverse line. Of 
equal length is the spine at the outer angle of the orbit. The two 
cardiac spines are nearly as long. Lesser spines though of fair size 
are: One on each of the postero-lateral margins of the rectangu- 
lar gastric field, one median almost in the middle of that field, one on 
the posterior part of the branchial region, and of the hepatic region. 
Of the smaller remaining spines there are many conspicuous ones 
below the gastric pair and a row above the branchial margin at the 
widest part of the carapace; of this size is the spine on the upper 
margin of the orbit and the one on the intestinal region. Two still 
smaller spines are on the posterior margin of the carapace either side 
of the middle. A prominent ridge runs from the long gastric spine 
to the hepatic region, thence to the inner hepatic spine. There is a 
* spinule on the margin of the inner orbital lobe. The rostral horns 
are slender, a little longer than the interantennular spine, and are 
widely separated at base and slightly divergent. 

Kye-stalk rather slender, bearing a bilobed tubercle near the ex- 
tremity. Basal segment of antenna armed with 4 or 5 slender spines; 
the second spine from the distal end is near the inner margin; the 
two movable segments of the peduncle have a few minute spinules. 

Chelipeds (of female) armed with numerous slender spines, the 
Jongest of which are in two rows bordering the inner surface of the 
merus, in the inner row on the upper border of the manus and in 
the outer row of the lower border. Gape of fingers narrow, confined 
to proximal half; prehensile teeth low. 

First and second pairs of legs strongly armed, the longest spines 
forming a double comb on the propodus and dactylus of the first 
pair. Last two pairs furnished with a few small spines, scattered on 
all the articles of the third leg except the dactylus, but confined in 
the fourth leg to the proximal half or two-thirds of the merus, with 
a spine or two on the carpus. In all the trunk legs the distal spine 
on the merus is long and there is a spine on the ventral surface of 
the coxa. 


Es 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 535 


On the sternum of the female there is a spine at the base of the 
cheliped and of the first leg, three spines in a triangle in front of 
the abdomen, and several spinules. Abdomen covered with spines 
and spinules. 

C. echinata can be distinguished from all other species by the 
numerous spines and spinules of the carapace, abdomen, and basal 
joint of antenna. The carapace is much narrower than that of C. 
murray?, which it most nearly resembles. 


ACHZZOPSIS SULUENSIS, new species. 


Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta 
Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’’ N.; long. 119° 54’ 
E.; 10 fathoms; co. 8.; Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. 

Holotype-—K¥emale. Cat. No. 48203, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace to end of rostrum, 3.7; width 
of carapace, 3.3. 

A very broad, subtriangular species, rostrum short, hepatic region 
laterally prominent and situated not far behind the eye. Two large, 
flat-topped, median spines, one gastric, one cardiac; a small tubercle 
on posterior slope of latter. Margins of hepatic and branchial re- 
gions denticulate or spinulous. A row of pterygostomian tubercles. 
Rostrum divided into two short triangular teeth. Supraorbital 
margin raised, very oblique, entire. Behind it are two small spinules, 
the second of which represents the postocular spine. 

Eye-stalks long and rather slender, a small tubercle at end above, 
a broad tubercle on anterior margin and a narrower, sharper one 
below and nearer the base. Basal antennal segment very narrow 
and in ventral view very oblique. Py 

The feet are so interlaced and so brittle that they can not be 
measured. Palms twice as long as broad and dilated at middle. 
First ambulatory leg missing; second leg about twice as long as 
carapace; last one about 6 mm. long; in all the dactylus is long and 
very slender, nearly straight in its proximal two-thirds, slightly 
curved at the extremity. 

Each of the six segments of the female abdomen has an acute 
tubercle at the middle. 

Felationship—tIn the large median spines this species suggests 
A. superciliaris Ortmann? from Japanese waters, but that species 
has other dorsal spines which are lacking in ours, and the rostrum 
and orbital region are more elongate. 


1 Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. 17, 1886, p. 15, pl. 3, fig. 1. 
2 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 36, pl. 3, figs. 3, 3a. 


536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Subfamily ACANTHON Y CHIN &. 


PELTINIA SUBLIMIS, new species. 


Type-locality—Near Jolo: Jolo Light, S. 37° E., 0.7 mile; lat. 6° 
04’ 20’’ N.; long. 120° 59’ 20’’ E..; 22 fathoms; 8. Sh.; Feb. 14, 1908; 
station 5136, Albatross. 

Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48247, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace to end of rostrum, 11.7; width 
across front and orbits, 5.6; width between antero-lateral angles, 
13.5; width between postero-lateral angles, 12.8. 

A large part of the carapace is occupied by the lateral wings which 
extend from the orbit nearly to the posterior margin and are divided, 
not very deeply, into two very unequal parts. These wings, which 
are outwardly ascending, are separated from the body proper by a 
shallow furrow. The mesogastric and the cardiac region are each 
surmounted by a blunt, conical elevation, the latter the higher; each 
protogastric lobe bears a low elevation forming an equilateral tri- 
angle with the mesogastric tubercle. The posterior margin has a 
thin, narrow, suberect border. While the surface appears smooth 
to the naked eye, it is really microscopically granulate. Rostrum 
deflexed and cut halfway back into two small triangular teeth sepa- 
rated by a triangular sinus. On either side is a larger subtriangular 
preorbital tooth, in the postero-lateral angle of which is cut the 
small semicircular orbital margin. Eye immovable, very little of it 
visible from above; seen from below the eye-stalk appears flat and 
about one and a half times as long as wide; pigment dull-colored in 
alcohol. Anterior margin of antero-lateral wing sinuous, with a 
sinus near the angle and a faint trace of a tooth at the inner fourth. 

Basal segment of antenna distally tapering and having a very 
small tooth at the outer distal angle; next two segments slender, 
the second one and a half times as long as the third; the flagellum 
is subequal in length to the free peduncular segments and exceeds 
the rostrum. Buccal cavity very small, widening a little distally; 
exognath of maxillipeds half as wide as ischium of endognath* merus 
wider than ischium, expanded at the antero-external angle. 

Chelipeds a little longer than carapace; merus, carpus, and manus 
eristate above, merus with a terminal tooth, carpus with tubercle on 
inner surface, dactylus bicristate above; fingers with a wide gape in 
proximal half, a large tooth on the dactylus, in the gape; meeting 
edges dentate. The legs diminish rapidly in length; their margins 
are cristate; merus and carpus each with a large tooth at end of 
upper margin; propodus with a smaller subterminal tooth, and in 
the first pair with a still smaller tooth at the middle; in the first 
pair the merus also has a small tooth at the middle. 


Tai a a ti i tii 


et ie 


NO, 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 5387 


Differs from P. nodulosa Dana‘ in having the antero-lateral wing 
of the carapace much larger, the rostrum smaller, basal antennal 
segment narrower, legs wider and more strikingly toothed, especially 
the carpus. 


ANTILIBINIA GILLOLOENSIS, new gpecies. 


Lype-locality—Between Gillolo and Makyan Islands: Makyan 
Tstand ‘(3.); N. 67° W., 8.9 miles; lat. 0° 12’ 15’7 N.; Jong. 127° 
29’ 30’” E.; 288 fathoms; fne. S. M.; November 29, 1909; station 
5624, Albatross. 

Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48205, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace in median line, 12.8; width 
of carapace, 10.3; length of rostrum, 1; length of cheliped, 22; hand, 
length above, 5.3; width, 4.7; length of dactylus, 5.3; length of first 
leg, 20.4; of second, 19.2; of third, 17; of fourth, 14. 

The surface, except of the chele, is closely covered with a short 
spherical pubescence, among which are thinly scattered, longish, thin 
hairs. Carapace swollen, regions plainly indicated and nearly 
smooth; branchial region with a furrow parallel to the posterior 
margin and two subdivisions along its inner margin. Rostrum cut 
more than halfway to its base, sinus V-shaped, horns longer than 
wide, acute, outer margin convex, inner margin a little concave. Pre- 
orbital hood projecting sideways a little beyond basal antennal seg- 
ment, and ending anteriorly in an acute tooth whose outer margin 
is longitudinal, anterior margin oblique. Postocular tooth conical, 
blunt-pointed, directed forward and shghtly outward. Hepatic 
tooth much smaller, acute, higher up on the carapace. No branchial 
teeth. A band of tubercles and granules on the pterygostomian and 
subbranchial regions. 

Eye almost immovable, large at its base, but the part dorsally 
visible is small, not so produced laterally as the postocular tooth; 
cornea light brown in alcohol. Basal antennal segment anteriorly 
narrowed and longitudinally furrowed; a small, sharp, antero- 
lateral tooth is visible dorsally in front of the preorbital tooth. The 
first movable segment is longer and much stouter than the next one, 
which reaches less than half its length beyond the rostrum. 

The buccal cavity is shaped much as in A. smithii M’Leay,? but 
the long joint of the exognath is anteriorly acuminate, the merus 
of the endognath is obliquely produced in a rounded lobe, and the 
sinus at the inner angle is more rectangular. 

Right cheliped (only one present) stout; merus triangular in 
cross-section, upper margin bearing a small terminal tooth and on 
its proximal half two tubercles; lower outer margin with two very 


1Crust. U. S. Expl. Exped., 1852, p. 131; atlas, 1855, pl. 5, figs. 8a, 8b. 
2Sce Krauss, Stidafrik. Crust., 1845, pl. 3, fig. 4. 


538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


low tubercles followed proximally by a large tubercle, between 
which and the end of the merus the lower surface is hollowed out so 
that when the cheliped is flexed there is a gape at that point. The 
carpus has three blunt, longitudinal ridges, the uppermost one most 
prominent and proximally produced and angled. Manus smooth, 
somewhat compressed, upper and lower margins convex. Fingers 
deflexed, pointed, prehensile edges gaping in their basal three-fifths 
and roughened with irregular crenulations; two pits on the outer 
surface of each, one at the base, one near the middle. 

Legs subcylindrical, unarmed; dactyli slender, moderately curved, 
horny tips ight amber-colored. 

Sternum and abdomen smooth, wider than in A. smithiis 

Relationship—The only other species of the genus is A. smithii 
M’Leay,? from Natal, which is of large size and much rougher and 
has two branchial teeth or spines. 


PUGETTIA MINDANAOENSIS, new species. 


Type-locality—Off Northern Mindanao: Tagolo Light, 8. 75° W., 
12.5 miles; lat. 8° 47’ 15’” N.; long. 123° 35’ 00’’ E.; 162 fathoms: 
S.; temperature, 54.5° F.; Aug. 20, 1909; station 5543, Albatross. 

Holotype-—Female. Cat. No. 48208, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace on median line, 11.3; of ros- 
tral horns, 3.6; width of carapace without spines, 7.6 mm. 

Regions of carapace for the most part smoothly rounded; a dis- 
tinct areola tipped with a tubercle at the inner angle of the branchial 
region; a curved areola either side of the cardiac region; branchial 
spine of moderate size, conical, sharp, pointing directly outward; 
hepatic spine small, conical, sharp, pointing a little upward and a 
little forward; intestinal region produced backward in a conical 
protuberance which overhangs the posterior margin; a tubercle on 
the anterior part of the subbranchial region, and a row of three 
tubercles on the pterygostomian region. Preorbital hood ending an- 
teriorly in a short acute tooth; postocular cup high and very con- 
cave. Horns horizontal, moderately divergent, acuminate. Basal 
segment of antenna with outer margin nearly straight, a small, sharp 
tooth at anterior angle, pointing obliquely outward and forward. 

Cheliped very little stouter than legs, as long as carapace and one- 
third of rostrum; palm a little swollen, its upper length about one 
and three-fourths times its height and not much greater than length 
of dactylus. First ambulatory leg exceeding cheliped by length of 
dactylus and three-fourths of propodus. 


1 See Krauss, Siidafrik. Crust., 1845, pl. 3, fig. 4c. 
2In Smith, Illus. Zool. 8. Africa, Annulosa, 1838, p. 57. 





No. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 539 


Relationship.—In general appearance resembles P. minor Ort- 
mann,' from Japanese waters, but there is no cardiac spine, a much 
smaller hepatic spine, and less prominent orbits. 


PUGETTIA LEYTENSIS, new species. 


Type-locality— Between Leyte and Cebu: Capitancillo Island 
Light, S. 46° W., 15.7 miles; lat. 11° 10’ N.; long. 124° 17’ 15”’ E.; 
182 fathoms; gn. M.; temperature, 55.7° F.; Mar. 16, 1909; station 
5403, Albatross. 

Holotype. Ovigerous female. Cat. No. 48209, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, spines ex- 
cluded, 19.3; length of horns, 4.8; width of carapace, spines excluded, 
13.2; width, spines included, 16. 

Carapace with six spines: one stout, blunt, at summit of conical 
cardiac area; one short, erect, on posterior margin; one long, sub- 
cylindrical, pointing outward and a little forward and upward, on 
each hepatic region; and one shorter, stouter, more conical, directed 
outward and a little upward, on the branchial region. Rostral horns 
very divergent, making an angle of about 70° and curved outward. 
Preorbital lobe bluntly toothed anteriorly; postocular cup bluntly 
pointed in dorsal view. Surface covered with a very short, dense, 
circular pubescence, with lines of long hair on the gastric region and 
on the lateral margin between the spines, 

The basal seement of the antenna has a blunt tooth at the antero- 
external angle, but no tooth or tubercle on the external margin. 
Chelipeds as long as carapace minus rostrum; merus with a distal 
spine and a spine at proximal third of upper margin, and two 
tubercles on lower outer margin; carpus with obtuse ridge ending 
behind in a tubercle; fingers narrowly gaping. The merus of the 
ambulatory legs has a few tufts of hair, the carpus is enlarged 
distally. 

The long, cylindrical, hepatic spine sufficiently distinguishes this 
species from all others of the genus. 


Subfamily PISIN®. 
SPHENOCARCINUS LUZONICUS, new species. 


Type-locality—Kast coast of Luzon: San Bernardino Light, S. 
ot W.. 1) miles: lat. 12° 55° 26 N.s Tong. 124° 20° 12" Eis 195 
fathoms; Sh.; temperature 59.3° F.; June 24, 1909; station 5475, 
Albatross. 

HHolotype-—Male. Cat. No. 48210, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements —Length of carapace on median line, 20.6; length 
of rostrum, 10.5; extreme width of carapace, 19; width without ex- 
crescences, 13. 





1 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 44. 


540 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


Carapace subtriangular, with a long rostrum of two divergent 
spines, equal to half the length of the remainder of the carapace; 
surface deeply channeled so as to leave 17 smooth, thinly setose, raised 
islets, as follows: One elongate-oval on the gastric region; one trans- 
versely subcircular, on the cardiac region; one in the shape of a 
Cupid’s bow along the posterior border; two narrowly subtriangular 
on each branchial region, the point of the triangles directed outward 
and extending laterally beyond the line of the carapace, especially so 
in the case of the posterior of these two islets; an L-shaped hepatic 
and postocular islet; one semilunar preorbital; one oval subhepatic; - 
two subbranchial, one of which is oval, the other elongate-spatulate. 
A tubercle in front of the gastric islet and either side of the cardiac 
islets; they and the channels are densely setose. 

Chelipeds stouter than ambulatory legs and nearly as long as cara- 
pace and rostrum; merus very bluntly angled above, carpus with two 
blunt crests above, manus with one; manus tapering distally; fingers 
meeting at the tips, dactylus with an enlarged tooth at base. .Of the 
ambulatory legs the first is much the longest, exceeds the cheliped by 
the dactylus and nearly half the propodus; legs subcylindrical, carpal 
segments with a longitudinal depression. 

Relationship.—Very much like S. stimpsoni (Miers), except that 
the branchial islet is divided inte two and the merus joints of cheliped 
and legs are not sharply cristate as in that species. . 


SPHENOCARCINUS AURITUS, new species. 


‘Type-locality—FEast coast of Luzon: Atalaya Point, Batag Island, 
S. 65° E., 5.1 miles; lat. 12° 43’ 51’” N.; long. 124° 58” 50” E.; 308 
fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 45.3° F.; station 5444, Albatross. 

Tolotype-——Ovigerous female. Cat. No. 48211, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Entire length of carapace, 17.3; length of rostrum, 
3.3; greatest width of carapace, 11.4. 

Carapace and rostrum subtriangular, the rostrum shorter than in 
any other species of the genus and composed of two flattened, some- 
what ear-shaped horns which are contiguous nearly to the tips. 
Channels of the carapace covered with low, spherical setze and some 
lines of longer, curved hairs. Islets flattened and 14 in number as 
follows: One gastric, longitudinal, oblong with a little transverse 
piece joined to the rear; one cardiac and intestinal in the form of a 
large T with the ends of the crosspiece curved backward and inward; 
on either side of this, one narrow-subspatulate, and parallel to the 
post-lateral margin of the carapace; one branchial, elongate, irregu- 
lar, following lateral margin of carapace and touching the hepatic- 








1 Orypleurodon stimpsoni Miers, Challenger Rept., Zool., vol. Az 1886, p. 38, pl. 6, 
figs. 1—1e. 


No. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. Bee 





postocular islet, which is subcircular with a notch in the inner mar- 
gin; one lunate preorbital islet; an elongate islet on the subbranchial 
and on the subhepatic region. 

Chelipeds of female stouter than ambulatory legs and as long as 
carapace; upper margin of merus and manus subparallel; fingers 
narrowly gaping. First ambulatory leg exceeding cheliped by half 
the length of dactylus; legs cylindrical. 

Differs from all other species by the pattern on the carapace and 
the short rostrum. 


SPHENOCARCINUS NODOSUS, new species. 


Type-locality—Between Negros and Siquijor: Apo Island (C.), 
S. 26° W., 11.8 miles; lat. 9° 15’ 45’” N.; long. 123° 22’ 00’’ E.; 279 
fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 53.5° F.; Ae 19, 1909; station 5536, 
Albatross. 

Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48212, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace in median line, 22; length of 
rostral horns, 4.3; width of carapace exclusive of tubercles, 16.2; 
same, inclusive of cube cles, 18.5. 

Gamipace ovate-triangular, densely covered with a coating of acute 
hairs, and ornamented with coud knobs or tubercles of which there 
are eight of large size and seven of small size; the large ones are as 
follows: Four in a short cross in the middle of the carapace, of which 
two are median, gastric and cardiac respectively, and two are anterior 
branchial; a larger tubercle at the outer angle of each branchial 
region, and, largest of all, an oblong, nearly vertical excrescence 
nearly covering the hepatic region. The pubescence is shorter on 
the two lateral tubercles. The small tubercles are as follows: Two 
lateral gastric; two on each branchial region, one close in front of 
the large tubercle, one on each side of the cardiac region; and one 
intestinal. On the subbranchial region there is a suberect, semioval, 
laminar lobe or excrescence, with a narrow white edge. A similar, 
but smaller, narrow, right-angled area is on the pterygostomian 
region. Preorbital hood very oblique and terminating anteriorly in 
an acute angle; it is separated by a smal] U-shaped sinus from the 
postocular cup which is well-developed, especially below. Basal 
antennal segment narrow, curved, diminishing distally, unarmed. 
Rostral horns horizontal, with outer margins parallel, interspace 
V-shaped. 

Chelipeds long and massive, two-thirds again as long as carapace; 
margins of three-sided merus blunt, unarmed; carpus with two blunt 
crests above and a tooth on the proximal half of inner margin; 
manus narrowing distally, with margins proximally thin; fingers 
dentate, with a large tooth at base of dactylus, a wide gape in basal 


549 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 





half. Ambulatory legs cylindrical, pubescent, the first pair one- 
fourth longer than cheliped. 

Relationship.—Closely related to S. carbunculus Rathbun? from 
the Hawaiian Islands; in carbunculus, however, there are nine sub- 
equal prominences on the hinder part of the carapace, the intestinal 
and posterior branchial nodules being as large as the others; the 
hepatic nodule is fused with the postocular, while in nodosus these 
nodules are separate and very unequal in thickness. 


HYASTENUS TRISPINOSUS, new species. 


Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta 
Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’” N.; Jong. 119° 54’ 
E.; 10 fathoms; co. 8.3 Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. 

Holotype.—Male. Cat. No. 48213, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length on median line without spine, 10.9; length 
of rostral horns, 5.4; width without spines, 7.8; width with spines, 9.7. 

A subtriangular carapace with three spines, one of which is median 
just above the posterior margin, nearly erect, curved, acute, the other 
two at the branchial angles, longer, slenderer, directed outward and 
strongly upward, curved, with tip hooked forward. A low median 
tubercle on the gastric and on the cardiac region; a large gastric 
tubercle near the orbital sinus, and in the same horizontal line a very 
small one, nearer the middle. A branchial tubercle on the lobe in the 
angle between cardiac and intestinal regions; another much farther 
forward near the margin. Three very large pterygostomian tubercles 
besides the one formed by the projecting angle of the buccal cavity. 
Rostral horns slender, moderately divergent, horizontal, acuminate. 
Preorbital lobe with a well-developed anterior tooth; in front of it 
shows the narrow spine of the antennal segment. Orbital sinus very 
small and rounded; outside it, the anterior margin of the postocular 
cup is concave. The basal antennal segment bears on its outer margin 
beside the distal spine, a large lobe at the middle, and far back a 
small tubercle. 

Chelipeds slender, as long as carapace and one-third the rostrum; 
the specimen is perhaps not fully mature. Manus not enlarged; 
fingers with a very narrow gape at base. The more distal spines of 
the dactyli of the ambulatory legs are of good size. 

Relationships—Near IT. diacanthus (de Haan)? and 7. spiriosus 
A. Milne Edwards;* the median gastric tubercle in trispinosus is 
farther forward than in diacanthus and occupies the position of the 
anterior of the two spines in spinosus,; but the most striking differ- 





1 Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1903, pt. 3, 1906, p. 879, pl. 14, fig. 6. 

2 Pisa (Nawvia) diacantha de Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., 1838, pl. 24, fig. 1; 1889, pl. 96 
and pl. G. 

8 Nouy. Arch, Mus, Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 8, 1872, p. 250. 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 543 





ence lies in the presence of the long (for //yastenus) spines of the 
posterior carapace; the related species also have no antennal spine. 


HYASTENUS AUCTUS, new species. 


T'ype-locality.—Near Siasi, Sulu Archipelago: Sirun Island (N.), 
S. 80° W., 3.8 miles; lat. 5° 35’ 40’ N.; long. 120° 47’ 30” E.; 17 
fathoms; co. S.; Feb. 16, 1908; station 5148, Albatross. 

[olotype—Male. Cat. No. 48214, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length on median line, 21; length of rostral 
horns, 12.2; width of carapace without spines, 14; width with spines, 
15.2. 

Gastric region very high, conical, rising to a subacute apex or 
tubercle; cardiac region a little less high, smoothly rounded; intes- 
tinal region with a short, conical, subacute spine. A stout, pointed 
spine at the branchial angle, directed outward, upward, and slightly 
backward; a little above, in front of, and within this spine is an- 
other, short, stout, tuberculiform, acute; on the anterior branchial 
areola there is a lower, smaller, submarginal tubercle. On each 
gastric region near the orbital sinus there is a large tubercle on each 
side, the distance between which is very little greater than from either 
to the median tubercle. A tubercle on margin of hepatic region. 
Three pterygostomian tubercles. Rostral horns straight, regularly 
tapering, divergent. Orbit and antennal joint much as in ZZ. spinosus. 

Chelipeds very little longer than carapace, excluding rostrum; 
palms not enlarged, fingers gaping very narrowly at base only. 
Legs rather stout, spinules of dactyls small. 

Relationships.—Near [H. spinosus, from which it differs in having 
only one median tubercle on the gastric region, instead of two tu- 
bercles or spines; and in having a supplementary tubercle or spine 
above the posterior branchial spine. Also has a curious resemblance 
to H. hilgendorfi? in its ornamentation, but the carapace is narrower 
behind and wider across the orbits; it lacks the two tubercles on the 
subbranchial region, also has fewer gastric tubercles, while the gastric 
region is more strongly humped. 








HYASTENUS TUBERCULOSUS, new species. 


Type-locality—Near Jolo: Jolo Light, S. 17° E., 5.5 miles; lat. 
6° 09’ N.; long. 120° 58’ E.; 29 fathoms; co. S.; Feb. 15, 1908; sta- 
tion 5141, Albatross. 

Holotype.—Male. Cat. No, 48215, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length on median line, 9.2; length of horn, 3.6; 
width of carapace, 6. 

Carapace with four median tubercles, two large gastric, the pos- 
terior of which is at the highest point of the carapace, one cardiac 
and one intestinal; four additional tubercles on the gastric region, 


1 De Man, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 22, 1887, p. 14, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4. 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





two leading obliquely-transversely forward on each side of the an- 
terior median tubercle, those of the inner pair very small; branchial 
region with a lateral row of four tubercles arching upward, the pos- 
terior of these being at the postero-lateral angle; a tubercle on the 
areola at the inner angle of the branchial region, between the cardiac 
and intestinal regions; a small but prominent tubercle on the hepatic 
margin; two large and one small pterygostomian tubercle. Rostral 
horns widely divergent, slender, arched upward. Anterior end of 
preorbital hood subrectangular, not produced. On the basal seg- 
ment of the antenna, a blunt tooth or spine obliquely placed, visible 
from above, followed on the outer margin by a large lobe and then 
by a tubercle. 

Chelipeds equal in length to the carapace and nearly half the 
rostrum; palms swollen, pubescent, a small tubercle on upper margin; 
fingers proximally arched, making a wide gape for half their length. 
Spinules on dactyli of ambulatory legs rather small. 

Relationships.—This species suggests [7. hilgendorfi, but the cara- 
pace is wider across the anterior part and the preorbital cup is not 
produced and pointed as in hilgendorfi; the prominences are simi- 
larly arranged, but none of them are spines; the manus of the adult 
male is shorter and wider and not wholly smooth, as in that species. 
On the other hand, the shape of carapace and orbit and especially the 
profile view, are very like //. elongatus (Ortmann) ,’ but the carapace 
is wider in proportion to its length, also smoother, the horns shorter 
and more spreading, the legs shorter, especially those of the first pair, 
the propodus of which is one and a half times longer than the carpus 
(in elongatus twice as long). 


HYASTENUS ORBIS, new species. 


Ty pe-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Observation 
Island, N. 70° W., 6.4 miles; lat. 4° 58’ 20’”’ N.; long. 119° 50’ 30” E.; 
9 fathoms; Co.; Feb. 24, 1908; station 5165, Albatross. 

Holotype-—Ovigerous female. Cat. No. 48216, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace on median line, 8; length of 
horns, 2:2; width of carapace, 5.1. 

A small species, relatively wide, with large orbits; cardiac higher 
than gastric region, the latter sloping steeply down from the summit 
to the base of the horns. Five median tubercles of which three are 
gastric, one cardiac, one intestinal; a transverse row of four tubercles 
on the gastric region in a line between the anterior and the second 
of the median tubercles; a pair of tubercles behind the rostrum and 
forming an equilateral triangle with the anterior median tubercle; 
curve of four acute tubercles or spines on the margin of the branchial 
region, the posterior of which is longer and definitely spinate; three 


1 Hyastenus diacanthus var. elongata Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 55. 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 545 


truncate pterygostomian tubercles, the anterior one the largest. The 
short, slender, acuminate rostral horns are spread wide apart and 
are slightly curved or convex to each other. The orbital coverings 
are large and prominent; preorbital hood very thin and sharp-edged, 
the anterior angle acutely pointed, the posterior angle with a blunt 
tooth; anterior margin of postocular cup with a very small tooth. 
Basal segment of antenna wide and armed at the anterior angle with 
a slender spine pointing directly forward and in large part visible in 
dorsal view; the margin behind it is longitudinal up to a slight lobe 
beyond which there is a deep sinus and a tubercle. 

Chelipeds (of female) short and weak, margins of palms parallel, 
outer surface crossed by longitudinal lines of pubescence, fingers 
with an almost imperceptible gape at base. Ambulatory legs orna- 
mented with long spatulate bristles on the margins; dactyli long and 
slender, their spinules relatively small. 

Relationship.—This species is perhaps nearest to /7. verrucosipes 
(Adams and White)? which has similar though not identical orna- 
mentation on the carapace; 7. verrucosipes is definitely set apart by 
the very elongated postocular cup and by the supplementary plate 
projecting sideways from the basal segment of the antenna. 


HYASTENUS BIFORMIS, new species. 


Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta 
Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’’ N., long. 119° 54’ 
E.; 10 fathoms; co. 8.3 Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. 

Holotype.—Male. Cat. No. 48217, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements —Length of carapace on median line, 9.8; length 
of rostral horns, 3.5; width of carapace, 7. 

Carapace oblong-triangular, high in the middle, cardiac higher 
than gastric region and bearing two prominent tubercles side by side, 
and behind them and lower down a median, flat tubercle; gastric 
region with two median tubercles, the posterior of which is larger 
and higher, and a tubercle on either side not far from the orbital 
sinus; an arch of three small tubercles near the margin of the 
branchial region, of which the posterior one is the largest, and is 
pointed; a single tubercle on the intestinal region and on the hepatic 
margin; a row of several tubercles on the subbranchial and sub- 
hepatic regions, and another row on the pterygostomian region. 
Rostral horns slender, widely separated by a U-shaped sinus, mod- 
erately divergent. Preorbital hood with a small tuberculiform point 
at the anterior angle; anterior margin of postocular cup cut into two 
subequal lobes. Basal segment of antenna broad, armed with two 





1See Calman, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., vol. 8, 1900, p. 36, pl. 2, figs. 
23, 24. ; 


10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——35 


546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


strong, blunt outer spines or teeth, the posterior of which is the 
larger; the tips of both are visible in dorsal view. 

Chelipeds half again as long as the carapace excluding rostrum; 
merus subcylindrical, increasing distally where it bears a few sharp 
granules; manus somewhat compressed, two and a half times as long 
as its greatest width and armed on the upper surface and the upper 
half of the inner surface with sharp tubercles; fingers arched and 
widely gaping for their proximal two-thirds. Ambulatory legs 
slender, the first pair two-sevenths longer than cheliped; spinules of 
dactyli minute. 

Relationships.—In the rounded outlines of the branchial regions 
this species reminds one of 7. planasius+ and of /7. calvarius.2 H. 
planasius has a flatter carapace, longer branchial spine, shorter, 
broader horns, and shorter, stouter chelipeds, while H. calvarius is 
smooth in its dorsal aspect except for a branchial and an intestinal 
spine. The pair of cardiac tubercles and the character of the anten- 
nal segment set the new species apart from all others. 


HYASTENUS FRATERCULUS, new species. 


Type-locality —Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Observation 
Island, N. 70° W., 6.4 miles; lat. 4° 58’ 20’ N.; long. 119° 50’ 30” 
E.; 9 fathoms; Co.; Feb. 24, 1908; station 5165, Albatross. 

Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48291, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 7; length of 
rostral horns, 0.7; width of carapace, 5. 

This species is so near 17, biformis that it can best be described 
by comparison. The carapace is posteriorly less rounded, the lateral 
and posterior margins of the branchial regions being straighter; 
the gastric region is ornamented with 3 prominent median tubercles 
(instead of 2) and 2 tubercles (instead of one) on each side, ar- 
ranged obliquely and almost in line with the middle of the median 
tubercles; a marginal branchial row of 8 (on the left) or 9 (on the 
right) tubercles, unequal in size; many tubercles or granules on 
the subbranchial and pterygostomian regions; intestinal region 
produced obliquely backward in a large, blunt, conical elevation. 
Rostral horns short and directed forward. Margins of manus of 
cheliped more nearly parallel than in diformés. Merus of first am- 
bulatory leg armed with three tubercles above on the proximal half. 
For the rest, much like biformés, having a similar cardiac region, 
orbits, antenne, maxillipeds, and abdomen. 





1 Pisa planasia Adams and White, Voy. Samarang, Crust., 1848, p. 9, pl. 2, figs. 4, 4a, 
5, 5a. 

*Compare Alcock and Anderson, Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 4, 1896, pl. 21, 
fig. 2. 


NO, 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 547 





HYASTENUS SCROBICULATUS, new species. 


Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta 
Island (N.), S. 72° W., 2.75 miles; lat. 5° 12’ 40’” N.; long. 119° 53’ 
10’ E.; 12 fathoms; S.; Feb. 22, 1908; station 5160, Albatross. 

Holotype-—Male. Cat. No. 48218, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace on median line, 8.2; length 
of rostral horns, 2; width of carapace, 5. 

The cardiac region is the highest part of the carapace; it is sur- 
rounded by a trench and surmounted by a conical tubercle; a low 
tubercle may be seen on the posterior slope. Four median gastric 
tubercles, the second (from the front) very low, the others promi- 
nent; either side of the second and at some distance there is another 
tubercle; an arch of four spines or tubercles near the margin of the 
branchial region; the posterior one is a spine of fair size, the others 
are pointed tubercles diminishing in size anteriorly; an intestinal 
and a marginal hepatic tubercle; a row of three subhepatic and sub- 
branchial tubercles and a row of two pterygostomian tubercles. 
Rostral horns flattened, regularly tapering, outer margins parallel. 
Anterior angle of preorbital hood produced obliquely in a short 
acute spine, posterior half of outer margin rounded and produced 
strongly outward; orbital sinus narrow; postocular cup triangular. 
Basal antennal segment wide and with two triangular, acute teeth 
or spines directed obliquely forward. 

Chelipeds weak, no longer than carapace exclusive of rostrum; 
palms rough above, fingers narrowly gaping at base. Legs very 
slender, spinules of dactyli minute. 

Relationship.—tIn the shape of carapace, details of orbit and basal 
antennal segment and roughness of cheliped, this species resembles 
H. biformis (p. 545), but can at once be told by the isolated cardiac 
region surmounted by one tubercle instead of two side by side, by 
the four instead of two median gastric tubercles, and by the flat- 
tened rostrum. 


HYASTENUS TINAKTENSIS, new species. 


Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta 
Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’’ N.; long. 119° 54’ 
E.; 10 fathoms; Co. S.; Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. 

Holotype-—¥emale. Cat. No. 48221, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace in median line, excluding 
spine, 11; length of rostral horns, 2.8; width of carapace without 
spine, 7.3. 

Carapace wide, strongly constricted behind the spreading orbits; 
surface strongly tuberculate and spinate: three blunt spines or high 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


tubercles on the median line of the gastric region; eight lateral gas- 
tric tubercles, four of which are granulated; hinder part of cardiac 
region produced upward in a long, spadelike spine, compressed 
antero-posteriorly ; seven small cardiac tubercles; a large, flat, trian- 
gular, erect tubercle or elevation, and three small tubercles on the 
intestinal region; on the hinder part of the branchial region three 
strong spines on each side, of which one is at the lateral angle, one 
above that point, and one near the cardiac region; many branchial 
tubercles; one hepatic tubercle, which on the right side is split in two; 
one tubercle on the anterior part of the subbranchial region and a 
large bilobed pterygostomian tubercle. Rostrum strongly deflexed, 
horns slender, widely divergent. Preorbital hood divided into two 
subequal teeth, the anterior of which is upcurved but not at all ad- 
vanced; orbital slit narrow; postocular cup large, produced out- 
ward and forward to cover the end of the eye, ventral surface flat 
and smooth. Basal segment of antenna armed with three large, 
somewhat flattened, lobes or teeth, but outside the two anterior of 
these lobes the segment is produced outward and obliquely upward 
forming a partial floor to the orbit. 

Chelipeds of female weak, shorter than carapace. Legs of mod- 
erate length, ornamented with stout unequal sete; dactyli long, very 
slender, and very finely armed. 

Relationships——tIn its roughness this species resembles 7. orya,! 
but it is much more uneven and of quite different shape. In the 
lateral extension of the basal antennal segment, it shows a kinship 
with /7. verrucosipes.2 The large, compressed, erect elevations of 
cardiac and intestinal regions are unique. 


CHORILIA SPHENOCARCINOIDES, new species. 


Type-locality Between Negros and Siquijor: Apo Island (C.), 
5: 26° W.; "11:8 ‘miles; lat. 9° 15’ 45” N-; long. 123° 227 007" Beam 
fathoms; gn. M.; temperature 53.5° F.; Aug. 19, 1909; station 5536, 
Albatross. 

Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48202, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 15.6; esti- 
mated length of rostral horns (the tips of both are broken off), 5.3; 
width of carapace without spines, 10.7; with spines, 12.6. 

Carapace covered with pubescence, out of which emerge the larger 
protuberances on the posterior part; one of these is transverse and 
occupies the greater part of the intestinal region and a strip parallel 
to the posterior margin; another covers the cardiac region; while 

1A, Milne Edwards, Nouy. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, vol. 8, 1872, p. 250, pl. 14, 
fig. 1. 


2See Calman, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, ser. 2, Zool., vol. 8, 1900, p. 36, pl. 2, figs. 
23 and 24. 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS-—RATHBUN. 549 





on either side is a pear-shaped branchial eminence transversely placed 
and ending outwardly in a spine; the hepatic region culminates in a 
conical, acute spine directed outward and slightly upward; of tu- 
bercles there is one median on the mesogastric region, one at inner 
angle of the branchial region, and one farther back, behind the 
middle of the interspace between cardiac and branchial regions; a 
spine on anterior part of subbranchial region; a row of three ptery- 
gostomian tubercles. Rostral horns slender, widely separated, mod- 
erately divergent. Preorbital hood expanded laterally and with an 
acute tooth anteriorly; postocular cup well developed. Anterior 
angle of basal antennal segment acute; outer margin with a slight 
concavity. 

Chelipeds as long as carapace and rostrum; merus armed above 
with three low tubercles and a terminal spine; carpus with a thin 
outer crest and two blunt crests; margins of manus blunt, subparallel, 
leneth about one and a half times height; fingers feebly crenate, a 
broad low tooth at the base of the dactyl in a narrow gape. The first 
-ambulatory legs are lacking, but the second are about one-fourth 
longer than the chelipeds. 

Relationships.—This species has orbits similar to those of C. long- 
ipes Dana’ and C. japonica (Miers)’, that is, there is a short, U- 
shaped sinus between preorbital hood and postorbital cup; the basal 
antennal segment also is elongate as in those species. Instead of the 
numerous spines on the carapace of typical species, C. sphenocarci- 
noides has ornamentation on the posterior half similar to that on cer- 
tain species of Sphenocarcinus, especially S. luzonicus (see p. 539), 
while the tuberculation of the anterior half of the carapace is akin 
to that of the atypical species of Pugettia, e. g., P. minor Ortmann.® 


NAXIOIDES ROMBLONI, new species. 


Type-locality—Near Romblon: Romblon Light, S. 56° E., 4.5 
miles; lat. 12° 38’ 15’’ N.; long. 122° 12’ 30’’ E.; 37 fathoms; hrd. S.; 
temperature 75.7° F.; Mar. 25, 1908; station 5179, Albatross. 

Holotype-—Male. Cat. No. 48201, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 7.6; width of 
carapace, 5; length of rostrum, 7; length of cheliped, 11.7; length 
of first leg, 19.5; of second leg, 15; of third leg, 11.5; of fourth leg. 9. 

A small, delicate species. Carapace with numerous spines and 
acute tubercles. Cardiac region most elevated, conical, surmounted 
by a short, conical spine, and bearing another spine nearly as large 
on its posterior slope; there are several tubercles the largest of which 








* 1 Amer. Jour. Sci., ser. 2, vol. 11, 1851, p. 269. 

2Hyastenus (Chorilia) japonicus Miers, Proc. Zool. Soe. London, 1879, p. 27, pl. 1, 
Hes.2, 24,20. 

8 Zool. Jahrb., Syst., vol. 7, 1893, p. 44. 


550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





are two on the anterior slope side by side. Three median spines, the 
posterior the largest, on the gastric region; a transverse row of four 
tubercles or spines, in a line between the first and second median; 
behind the outer ones of this row there is another in transverse line 
with hinder median spine; two small tubercles near posterior border 
of mesogastric region. The longest spines of the carapace proper 
are two on the margin of each branchial region; in front of each spine 
there is a tubercle while between them and farther in there is a 
smaller spine; a ring of granules near the inner angle; besides sev- 
eral other granules and tubercles on the gastric as well as on the 
branchial region. A flattish spine on hepatic region. A _ stout, 
curved, acute spine above posterior margin. Subbranchial and ptery- 
gostomian regions spinous, the anterior spine largest. 

Rostral horns nearly as long as carapace, slender, curved, diver- 
gent from their bases, a little convex toward each other and a little 
convex upward in a side view; they lack the accessory spine or 
spinule commonly found in species of this genus. Preorbital hoods 
long and narrow, inclined toward each other anteriorly, outer margin 
nearly straight, and posterior margin transverse, forming an acute 
dentiform angle; anterior end produced in a long, narrow, sharp 
tooth. On upper margin of orbit, a small triangular tooth close to 
the postorbital cup; the latter angular, upper surface rhomboidal, 
outer surface larger, subrectangular. Basal antennal segment longi- 
tudinally grooved, armed at the anterior angle with a slender spine, 
visible from above; further back on the the margin there is a shallow 
lobe. 

Chelipeds slender, the manus slightly wider than the merus and 
enlarging a little distally; surface finely granulate. Fingers about 
one-third as long as manus, gaping in basal half. Merus armed 
with 8 spines above and 2 below, all of medium length. The 
merus of the ambulatory legs, besides the long terminal spine, has 
from 3 to 5 other irregular spines. The carpus bears 2 spines above 
on the distal half; they are insignificant on the last 2 legs. The 
dactyli are armed with from 8 to 12 sharp spinules visible to my 
unaided eye. 

The under side of the crab is ornamented with lines of globular 
sete. The first to sixth segments, inclusive, of the abdomen bear a 
median spine or tubercle. 

Relationship—This pretty little species differs from all others in. 
lacking an accessory spinule on the rostral horns and in having 
more than one spine on the merus joint of the legs. The orbits, how- 
ever, are of typical form. It is perhaps nearest to V. taurus Pocock, 
which also has granulated chelipeds and divergent horns, but the 





1 Compare Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 6, pl. 33, figs. 5, 5a. 


No, 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 551 





horns are straight, the basal antennal segment has a tooth at its 
middle, and the carapace is differently ornamented. 


PHALANGIPUS FILIFORMIS, new species. 


?Leptopus longipes MILNE Epwarps, Cuvier’s Régne Anim., Crust., atlas, pl. 34, 


fig. 1. 
Type-locality—Kast of Leyte: Tacbuc Point, 8. 80° W., 15.2 miles; 
lat. 10° 46’ 24’ N.; long. 125° 16’ 30”’ E.; 57 fathoms; Sh.; July 29, 


1909; station 5478, Albatross. 

Holotype——Male. Cat. No. 48223, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements —Length of carapace on median line, 22.2; length 
of horns, 1.4; width of carapace, 21; length of chéliped, 53.53 length 
of first cabal leg, 166.5. 

The spines of the carapace are placed as in P. herbstii! but they 
are slenderer and sharper. The front of the carapace is equally 
wide, measured between the tips of the anterior and well-developed 
spines of the preorbital hoods and between the posterior extremities 
of the hoods. Rostral horns slender, their outer margins divergent. 
On either side of the very sharp tooth of the upper and the lower 
margin of the orbit there is a U-shaped sinus. Pterygostomian spine 
very long, acuminate, a smaller spine behind it. A laminar projec- 
tion on the first abdominal segment occupies nearly its whole width 
and is pointed at the middle; sixth segment armed with a spine near 
the distal end. The two pairs of spines on the sternum at the base of 
the chelipeds are well developed and acuminate. 

Chelipeds slender, the merus more so than the merus of the ambu- 
latory legs; manus subcylindrical, but widening a little distally; the 
fingers gape narrowly in their basal half where the margins are 
wavy, not toothed. 

Lelationship—In P. herbstii the outer margins of the preorbital 
hood are oblique, not parallel; the outer margins of the rostral horns 
are subparallel; the tooth on the lower margin of the orbit is wider; 
the pterygostomian spine is shorter; the prominence on the first ab- 
dominal segment is much smaller, the sixth segment is unarmed; the 
chelipeds are stout, the manus of the male much swollen, the dactylus 
has a large basal tooth in the gape; the ambulatory legs are a little 
stouter and much shorter. 


1fgeria herbstii Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, 1834, p. 292. Not Cancer 
longipes Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, 1758, p. 629, which is undetermined. 


552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 





PHALANGIPUS RETUSUS, new species. 


? Egeria longipes ADAMS AND WuitsE, Zool. Voy. Samarang. Crust., 1848, p. 7 
(Zebu). 


Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinatka 
Island (N.), S. 80° W., 3.3 miles; lat. 5° 12’ 30’ N.; long. 119° 55’ 
50”’ K.; 18 fathoms; fne. S.; Feb. 21, 1908; station 5157, Albatross. 

Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48222, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 24; length of 
horns, .7; width of carapace, 20.8; length of cheliped, 45.7. 

Spines of carapace stout and blunt, those on median line subtrun- 
cate. Margin of preorbital hood sinuous, the anterior spine and the 
posterior denticle equally produced. Rostral horns blunt, widely 
separated, outer margins very slightly divergent. Superior tooth of 
orbital margin broad, subtruncate, a U-shaped notch on either side; 
inferior tooth narrow-triangular, subacute, notches U-shaped. Lat- 
eral spine of basal antennal segment prominent, directed forward, 
outward and downward. Pterygostomian prominence a large, flat, 
rounded lobe, followed posteriorly by a tubercle. A thick, rounded 
plate projects horizontally from the first abdominal segment. Each 
segment of the sternum is furnished with tubercles, and near the base 
of the chelipeds there is a long, slender, conical, blunt spine. 

The merus of the cheliped is slenderer than that of the first ambu- 
latory leg, while the manus is stouter and increases steadily in width 
to the distal end. , The fingers meet and are finely dentate for their 
distal three-fifths; the basal two-fifths gape, and the dactylus is 
armed with one broad tooth. The ambulatory legs are all broken, but 
those of the first pair are estimated at about six times the length of 
the carapace. 

Relationships.—This species differs from all others in the large 
rounded pterygostomian lobe. In the blunt-pointed spines of the 
carapace it approaches P. herbstii, which is distinguished by the 
characters of the orbit. The manus of the male is intermediate be- 
tween the filiform type of arachnotdes* and filiformis and the much 
swollen manus of herbstii; it is in fact near énvestigatoris? in shape 
but much shorter and slightly compressed and smooth. 


Subfamily SCHIZOPHRYSIN 42. 
MAJA SULUENSIS, new species. 

Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Observa- 
tion Island, N. 70° W., 6.4 miles; lat. 4° 58’ 20’’ N.; long. 119° 50’ 30”” 
E.; 9 fathoms; Co.; Feb. 24, 1908; station 5165, Albatross. 

Holotype-—Female. Cat. No. 48224, U.S.N.M. 


1 Egeria arachnoides Latreille, Tabl. Encyc. Méth., pt. 24, 1818, pl. 281, fig. 1. 
2 Egeria iwestigatoris Alcock, Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 225. 





no. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 553 








Measurements.—Length of carapace on median line, 41.2; length of 
rostral horn, 13.1; width of carapace without spines, 31.6. 

A ifaja with three long median spines, two gastric and one cardiac, 
one dorsal branchial spine, four long marginal spines behind the 
orbit, one of which is hepatic, two small spines on posterior margin 
near the middle, a long curved spine at posterior end of preorbital 
hood, followed by a short spine and then by a long postocular spine, 
rostral horns about two-sevenths as long as remainder of carapace 
and strongly divergent. Carapace covered with coarse granules 
bearing sete. Basal antennal segment armed with two spines at the 
anterior angles, which are in line with the median deflexed spine of 
the front. 

Chelipeds slender, smooth, shorter than the next leg in the female. 
Ambulatory legs smooth and hairy. 

Relationship.—Strongly resembles J/. miersti Walker, from Singa- 
pore. Differs in having an additional gastric spine and in lacking 
the secondary spine on the hepatic region. 


MAJA LINAPACANENSIS, new species. 


Type-locality—Linapacan Strait: Observatory Island (N.), S. 
55° W., 10.7 miles; lat. 11° 37’ 15’’ N.; long. 119° 48’ 45’” E.; 46 
fathoms; S. M.; Dec. 18, 1908; station 5335, Albatross. « 

Holotype.—Carapace only. Cat. No. 48225, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—The figures are estimated, as the carapace is 
broken posteriorly. Length of carapace on median line, 30; width 
without spine, 27. 

A narrow, pyriform J/aja with two median spines (one gastric, 
one cardiac), a dorsal branchial spine in line with the cardiac spine, 
two slightly divergent rostral horns (incomplete), three broad, flat 
spines above orbit, one of which is attached to the narrow, preorbital 
hood, postocular spine longest, intermediate spine well separated 
from the other two; about seven small, irregular lateral spines, of 
which two are hepatic; the anterior of these is the largest and forms 
a right-angled sinus with the postocular tooth. Surface covered with 
irregular, punctate granules or tubercles. Vertical projection of 
front triangular, tipped with a truncate spine. Basal segment of an- 
tenna armed with three long blunt spines (two at anterior angles and 
one at middle of inner margin) and four shorter spines or teeth (one 
on anterior margin, three on inner margin); a granulated tubercle 
on posterior edge of antennular cavities; lower edge of orbit tubercu- 
late. 

Relationship.—This appears to be much like Paramithrax (Lepto- 
mithrax) compressipes Miers,’ from Canton, described from a larger 








1 Jour. Linn. Soc, London, vol. 20, 1887, p. 1138, pl. 6, figs. 1-3. 
2Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 4, 1879, p. 8. 


554 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





specimen without dorsal branchial spine; Uénapacanensis, however, is 
a true Maja, as the movable part of the antenna is quite within the 
orbit. 

MAJA BISARMATA, new species. 

T'ype-locality—Off northern Mindanao: Point Tagolo Light, S. 
71° W., 8.7 miles; lat. 8° 47’ N.; long. 123° 31’ 15’’ E.; 182 fathoms; 
temperature 54.38° F.; Aug. 9, 1909; station 5519, Albatross. 

Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48220, U.S.N.M. 

Measurement.—Length of carapace on median line, 20; length of 
horn, 5.5; width of carapace excluding spines, 15.7; including spines, 
18.2. 

Carapace oblong-ovate, covered, as are also the ambulatory legs, 
with hairs; spines numerous, arranged as follows: Two pairs of 
small spines between preorbital hoods, followed by three pairs on 
gastric region (of which the second pair are larger), then one large 
median, one pair of very small spines, another large median spine, 
finally a pair near together; two lateral gastric spines on each side, 
making in all sixteen gastric spines; one small genital spine; two 
large cardiac spines side by side; three small intestinal spines in a 
triangle pointing forward; seven dorsal branchial spines of which 
three are large; three small dorsal hepatic spines, and two marginal, 
of which the anterior is long; three long marginal branchial spines. 
Rostral horns slender, gradually tapering, acuminate. Preorbital 
hood armed posteriorly with a rather small, outward-pointing spine, 
separated by a U-shaped sinus from the larger intermediate spine; 
this in turn is separated by a V-sinus from the oblique postorbital 
spine, which has a tubercle near the base of its inner margin. 

Basal antennal segment armed with two anterior spines besides a 
tubercle at posterior end of outer margin; of the spines, the one at 
the outer angle is nearly horizontal and directed outward and a 
ttle forward, the one at the inner angle subparallel but directed a 
little more forward and slightly downward. Subhepatic and sub- 
branchial regions each with several tubercles; pterygostomian region 
armed with a very short, stout spine and two tubercles. 

Chelipeds slender, one-third longer than carapace minus rostrum; 
carpus three-fifths as long as merus; both are finely roughened, and 
the merus has a small, slender, terminal spine. Palmar portion of 
manus nearly as long as merus, more slender, smooth; fingers almost 
half as long as palm, fingers meeting, without teeth. Ambulatory 
legs fringed on each side with long hairs, those of first pair very 
little longer than cheliped; merus joints each with a terminal spine. 

Relationships.—Differs from other species in having a definite 
number of spines and pointed tubercles, the interspaces being 
smooth; also in two instead of one cardiac spine. The chelipeds 
resemble those of J/. sulwensts but the carpus is not so long. 


No. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 555 





LEPTOMITHRAX SINENSIS, new species. 


Type-locality—China Sea, near southern Luzon: lat. 21° 33’ N.; 
long. 116° 15’ E.; 88 fathoms; crs. 8. Sh.; Nov. 4, 1908; station 5311, 
Albatross. 

Holotype-——A dried specimen, sex unknown, showing only the 
carapace with basal antennal segments and epistome attached. Cat. 
No. 48219, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace on median line, 32; width of 
carapace without spines, 25.3; length of rostrum exclusive of point 
broken off, 5.7. 

Carapace oblong-ovate, convex; regions well marked, covered with 
irregular tubercles and granules except on the horns, the sides of 
the gastric region, and some of the interregional furrows, where it 
is nearly smooth. The projecting hepatic region is armed with 
two short spines, the posterior one smaller; branchial regions with 
four strong marginal spines, the posterior of which is well up on 
the dorsal surface; two short triangular spines on the posterior 
margin; three sizable median tubercles, two gastric, one genital; 
the principal submedian, paired tubercles are, three between orbits, 
diminishing anteriorly; two gastric, in front of large, anterior, 
median tubercle, the anterior pair nearer together; one large, meso- 
gastric; one at summit of cardiac region and one on_ posterior 
slope; two small, intestinal. Rostral horns slightly curved (con- 
cave outside), acute, about twice as long as basal width. Supra- 
orbital hood rather closely granulate, broad, and with a small 
postero-external tooth or lobe, the tip of which is broken off; next 
sinus narrow; intermediate tooth long, triangular, acute, granulate; 
next sinus like a buttonhole, being closed anteriorly; postocular 
cup produced obliquely forward, outward and shghtly upward, 
ending in a narrow, truncate spine. Interantennular spine curved 
forward, blunt-pointed. Basal antennal segment wide, nearly 
smooth, with two distal spines and an outer marginal lobe; the 
inner distal spine is dentiform, compressed in an oblique plane, 
thick, curved, the tip reaching a little further forward than the inter- 
antennular spine, the inferior or convex margin crenulate; the outer 
distal spine is gradually tapering, acuminate, produced outward 
more than forward and granulate above. The subhepatic region is 
swollen, tuberculate, and granulate; the subbranchial region is simi- 
larly roughened; a conical elevation on the pterygostomian region. 

Relationships——This species is very close to L. edwardsii' in shape 
and ornamentation, but the postocular cup of edwardsii is directed 
straight forward and is sharply acute at tip, and the basal antennal 





1Maja (Paramithrar) Peronii de Haan (not Milne Edwards), Fauna Japon., Crust., 
pl. 21, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. Maja (Paramithrar) edwardsii de Haan, same reference, 1859, 
Dio2; pl. .G; 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





segment has a concave, nonlobed, outer margin, the carapace is 
less high in the middle and the two posterior spines are nearer to- 
gether. L. sinensis is also near L. tuberculatus, the latter having a 
similar basal antennal segment (judging from figure 2, cited), but it 
also has a postocular cup like that of edwardsi. 


Family PARTHENOPID 2. 
PARTHENOPE (RHINOLAMBRUS) RUDIS, new species. 


Ty pe-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Observation 
Island, N. 70° W.., 6.4 miles; lat. 4° 58’ 20’’ N.; long. 119° 50’ 30” E.; 
9 fathoms; Co.; Feb. 24, 1908; station 5165; Albatross. 

Holotype—Male. Cat. No. 48246, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements.—Length of carapace, 29.6; width of carapace, 29; 
length of manus, on outer margin, 37.2; length of dactylus of 
cheliped, 16; length of first ambulatory leg, 50.2. 

The specimen has only ene cheliped, the left. The species is a 

striking one, as all the spines and lobes are stout, thick, and bluntly 
rounded at the tip; the furrows of the carapace are deep; and the 
legs are unusually long and with little ornamentation. 
_ Carapace high, the hepatic and cardiac regions bounded by deep 
furrows and the front coursed by a broad and deep channel leading 
back to the gastric region; two other grooves cross the branchial 
region and inclose an oblong area armed with two spines, of which 
the posterior is longer and less stout; cardiac lobe somewhat com- 
pressed from front to back and surmounted by a tubercle, which is 
a, little more elevated than the branchial spines; at the middle of 
the posterior margin there is a large tubercle or spine pointing 
obliquely upward and backward. All the elevated portions of the 
carapace are covered with rather large tubercles and pits, which give 
them a somewhat worm-eaten appearance. There is a large pre- 
orbital tubercle directed forward, which does not interrupt the 
margin of the orbit. Front deflexed at an angle of 50 degrees, edge 
thick, crenulate, tip rounded and partly broken. Orbit with 8 or 10 
denticles on inner margin and 5 teeth on outer margin between upper 
sinus and antenna. Postorbital constriction strong, the sinus broad 
and rounded ; hepatic projection forming almost a right angle, blunt; 
branchial margin rounded, furnished with 8 low tubercles, the last 
one a little removed and post-lateral, the sixth and seventh confluent, 
posterior margin with 2 tubercles each side of the middle spine. 
Subbranchial region flat and with a row of tubercles below the 
margin and parallel to it. 


1 Paramithrar tuberculatus Whitelegge, Mem, Austral. Mus., vol. 4, 1900, p. 146, pl. 34, 
figs. 1 and 2. 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 557 





Second and third segments of antenna wide and thin, with lobed 
margins. Merognath deeply grooved through the middle. Sternum 
and abdomen (male) tuberculate; penultimate segment of abdomen 
armed with a conical, sharp, slightly curved, downward-pointing 
spine. 

Cheliped a little more than three times as long as carapace, rough 
with rasp-like tubercles and large lobes and spines; the merus has 
5 tubercles (3 large) on outer margin, about 10 (4 large) on inner 
margin, 7 low, smooth, and subequal on lower margin; of tubercles 
on upper surface one is as large as any of the marginal ones. On 
the carpus one tubercle, and that near the middle, is enlarged and 
only to a moderate size. The manus has 5 tubercles on outer margin, 
of which 38 are the largest on the crab and are flattened, 2 of them 
subtruncate; about 10 tubercles on inner margin, somewhat saw- 
toothed in shape, 2 near the distal end enlarged into conical spines; 
on the lower margin about 11 smooth, low tubercles like those of 
the merus; on the upper surface a much enlarged tubercle as on the 
merus. Fingers elongate, basal half of a reddish color, distal half 
white except for the tips, which are brown; surface rough with 
granules, a large tubercle or lobe on top of dactylus toward its base. 

Legs cylindrical, merus crossed with two (in the last pair one) 
bands of brownish-red (in alcohol); dactyli with a short velvety 
coat, the last one the longest; last pair of legs roughened with small 
tubercles on the merus and propodus and 2 lobes on upper margin of 
carpus. 

Of described species, this comes nearest to P. (2.) eybelis Alcock. 
It has a similar form, except as to the rostrum, the carapace is pitted 
and the cheliped has about the same amount of armature; but all 
the spines of cybelts are acute, the cardiac region has 2 strong 
spines, and the rostrum has a narrow terminal lobe. 


PARTHENOPE (PSEUDOLAMBRUS) FARVA, new species. 


Type-locality—Tawi Tawi Group, Sulu Archipelago: Tinakta 
Island (N.), N. 82° W., 1.4 miles; lat. 5° 11’ 50’” N.; long. 119° 54’ 
E.; 10 fathoms; co. S.; Feb. 21, 1908; station 5159, Albatross. 

Holotype.—Female, mature. Cat. No. 48245, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace, 8; width, 7.6; outer length 
of larger (right) palm, 6.3. 

Carapace high, the branchial regions deeply separated from the 
gastro-cardiac; a large rounded tubercle on the gastric and on the 
cardiac region; 2 lines of granules diverge anteriorly from the gastric 
tubercle; cardiac region sparingly furnished with granules; branch- 
ial ridge curved (concave outward), marked by 4 tubercles and a few 





1 Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 64, 1895, p. 270; Illus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 4, 
1896, pl. 22, fig. 6. 


558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


granules, the posterior tubercle situated on the postero-lateral mar- 
gin considerably above the lateral angle; from this postefior tubercle 
a line of granules curves (concave backward) toward the summit of 
the cardiac region; on the outer slope of the branchial region there 
is an obliquely longitudinal line of granules. Front deflexed at an 
angle of about 45 degrees, channeled, margin crenulate, extremity 
triangular and blunt-tipped, bearing a small, rectangular tooth on 
either side. Upper margin of orbit with a tooth close to the one at 
the outer angle; lower margin with 3 additional teeth, the inner one 
the most prominent. The lateral margins of the carapace are par- 
allel and denticulate for a short distance behind the orbital angle, 
after which the hepatic margins are gently convex and bear 3 or 4 
denticles; the branchial regions are bordered with 6 or 7 teeth up to 
the lateral angle, where the last tooth is a little enlarged. The 
postero-lateral margins bear 2 teeth or tubercles each side of the 
branchial ridge; there are 5 tubercles on the posterior margin. All 
the marginal teeth of carapace and chelipeds are denticulated. 

Through the middle of the outer maxillipeds there is a line of 
granules. 

Chelipeds moderately contorted, twice as long as carapace; merus 
irregularly dentate on anterior and posterior margins, 3 teeth no- 
ticeably large on the anterior margin, 2 on the posterior margin, the 
distal one of these being terminal, flattened and rounded at the end, a 
row of teeth on upper surface; lower edge finely dentate; lower sur- 
faces partly granulate. Carpus with 2 lobes on outer edge. Manus 
much wider in the right cheliped, its upper surface widest at about 
the distal two-fifths, the margins of the same irregularly lobed or 
toothed, 4 larger lobes on outer (posterior) edge and 38 on inner 
(anterior) edge; lower edge bordered by many small teeth; surfaces 
nearly smooth. : 

Ambulatory legs very slender; the merus joints have a few small 
tubercles on the margins, also the carpus and propodus of the last 
pair. 

P. (P.) parva has much in common with P. (&.) longispina 
(specimens of equal size compared), having similar shape of hind 
part of body and of chelipeds, and similar ornamentation, but the 
new species has the hepatic region much less protuberant, the larger 
projections of the carapace are tubercles, not spines, the chelipeds 
are shorter and lack tubercles on the lower surface, while the tuber- 
cles of the legs are much feebler. 





1 Lambrus longispinus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, vol. 4, 1879, p. 18. 


NO. 2135. NEW PHILIPPINE CRABS—RATHBUN. 559 





CRYPTOPODIA ANGUSTA, new species. 


Type-locality—China Sea, near Hongkong: lat. 21° 42’ N.; long. 
114° 50’ K.; 88 fathoms; sft. gy. M.; temp. 72.1° F.; Aug. 9, 1908; 
station 5302, Albatross. 

Holotype-—Female. Cat. No. 48249, U.S.N.M. 

Measurements—Length of carapace, 11.4; width of carapace at 
lateral angles, 15; width at postero-lateral angles, 12.8. 

Carapace narrow for a Cryptopodia, the several slopes from the 
central triangular depression being of nearly equal depth; the de- 
pression has 3 spines on its posterior border, one of which is slender 
and surmounts the cardiac region, the others short, each on the 
highest point of the more elevated branchial region; 2 sharp tuber- 
cles or spines side by side at the anterior end of the depression; the 
ridges and 3 elevations marked with rasp-like granules. Antero- 
lateral margins nearly straight and in line with sides of rostrum, 
inner margins of orbits parallel, postero-lateral margins sloping 
backward and inward, posterior margin transverse; margins dentate, 
teeth denticulated and separated mostly by closed fissures; 3 teeth 
in front of lateral angle more pronounced, also the tooth at the 
postero-lateral angle and 4 others on the posterior margin which 
divide that margin into 5 sinuses, whose relative width is expressed 
by 1.5:3.5:3:3.5:1.5. 

Chelipeds very unequal, perhaps accidentally so; upper margins 
of merus and manus dentate, lower margin and lower surface tuber- 
culate; 3 enlarged teeth on inner and outer margins of merus and 
outer margin of manus, 4 enlarged teeth on inner margin of manus; 
base of dactylus with 2 or 3 strong teeth. Ambulatory legs cristate; 
lower margins of last pair dentate save on the dactylus, lower mar- 
gins of ischium and merus of first three pairs sparingly dentate. 

In the 5 spines on the dorsal surface this species resembles (@. 
angulata cippifer Alcock, but that species or subspecies 1s much 
wider, its lateral angles further forward and more produced, its 
front between the eyes not having parallel sides. 


1Tllus. Zool. Investigator, Crust., pt. 4, 1896, pl. 23, fig. 4. 


Fok eet! bag nity 


4 Moye 


‘ Ht 
te SRSLY 


ele 


‘hire 


- 


Egat 
i ak a sh ah 


hss Toe 64 


nai eA 





REVISION OF THE PARASITIC HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS 
OF THE GENUS APHYCUS MAYR, WITH NOTICE OF SOME 
RELATED GENERA. 


By P. H. Trmperake, 


Of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. 


The genus Aphycus was erected by Gustav Mayr early in 1876 in 
‘Die europaischen Encyrtiden”’ with three species, of which Aphycus 
aprealis (Dalman) was selected by Ashmead in 1900 as the genotype. 
As treated in the present paper, most of the species of the genus 
Aphycus are more similar to Aphycus punctipes (Dalman), the third 
species listed by Mayr, but are also congeneric with A. apicalis as 
far as can be made out from descriptions and the limited material 
of the latter at hand. 

Since the publication of Mayr’s paper thirty-nine species have 
been described under this genus or later referred to it. Three of 
these, however, were removed later by Howard and Ashmead to other 
genera, A. chrysopae falling in the genus Jsodromus Howard, A. niger 
forming the type of Holcencyrtus Ashmead, and A. unicolor being 
placed in Phaenodiscus Foerster. }t is apparent, nevertheless, even 
after the removal of these species, that the genus in its present state 
contains several discordant elements. Chief among these are three 
Ectromine species described by Howard, namely A. dactylopii, A. 
ngritus, and A. townsendi, all of which fall naturally in the genus 
Anagyrus Howard, and a fourth Ectromine, A. albiclavatus Ashmead, 
which is more like Paraleptomastiz Girault than any other described 
genus and may be placed there at least provisionally. Other discord- 
ant elements are A. angelicus Howard, which forms the type of the new 
genus Pseudaphycus described below; A. tecanus Howard, here con- 
sidered to be congeneric with Acerophagus coccois Emily Smith; A. 
australiensis Howard, serving as type of the new genus Aphycopsis; 
A. terryt Fullaway, which also must be separated under the new 
generic name Pseudococcobius; and, finally, A. pulchellus Howard, 
which must be placed in Girault’s recent genus Aenasioidea. The 
types of A. brunneus Howard and A. howardi Cockerell were not 
available for study or, as in case of the latter species, in too poor 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MuSEuM, VoL. 50—No. 2136. 
10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——36 561 


562 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





condition for generic diagnosis, and it is not unlikely that the acces- 
sion of fresh material will necessitate the removal of both species from 
the genus. Types or any other specimens of A. immaculatus Howard, 
A. amoenus Howard, A. hederaceus (Westwood), A. punctipes (Dal- 
man), A. philippiae Martelli, and A. nitens Kourdumoff have also not 
been available for study, but there is no reason for believing that any 
of these is not now properly placed. 

For the convenience of the student a table of the genera herewith 
proposed has been drawn up, including those forms that have been 
or are most likely to be confused with Aphycus but excluding Ana- 
gyrus and Paraleptomastiz, which properly belong to the Ectromini and 
need not cause confusion if careful attention is paid to tribal charac- 
ters. The table also includes the genus Astymachus Howard, placed 
near Aphycus in Ashmead’s tables, but excludes Heterathrellus 
Howard, which is an Ectromine and should run next to Anagyrus in 
any natural classification. It may be pointed out, also, that Ashmead 
was wrong in trying to separate Astymachus from Aphycus by the 
alleged absence and presence of the postmarginal vein in the respec- 
tive genera. ‘The postmarginal is wanting or, more properly speaking, 
reduced to a mere spur in both of these genera. Attention is called 
to the abdominal character made use of in the following table. Un- 
fortunately it is one not always readily made out in dry material, 
although easily seen in fresh specimens and usually also in balsam 
mounts. As it plays a large part in the economy of the insects, 
either causing or having been brought about by different habits of 
oviposition, it has consequently great taxonomic importance. All 
of the genera here treated have a nonmetallic coloration. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA. 


1. Mandibles short and. thick with equal or nearly equal teeth...............-..-- 5. 
Mandibles comparatively long and slender with noticeably unequal teeth; ovi- 
positor inclosed’ by the 5th ventral scleritie. . 222.2 S25 se ee ee eee 2. 

2: Funicle of'antennae 5-jointed 252201202 2a See ee eee eee 3. 
Funicle of antennae 6-jointed..........--.--..----- Pseudococcobius, new genus. 

3. Front and vertex not punctate, cheeks longer.......:..-..-- 2-+sece0s-e--sseene 4. 


Front and vertex punctate, cheeks as short as width of eyes. 
Bothriocraera, new genus. 
4. Two upper teeth of mandibles nearly equal, lower tooth more basal and smaller. 
Acerophagus Smith. 
Upper and lower teeth of mandibles equal, middle tooth larger and very sharp. 
Pseudaphycus Clausen. 
5. Fifth ventral sclerite reaching about to the middle of the venter, ovipositor free.. 6. 
Ovipositor inclosed by the 5th sclerite, which reaches to the anus, 
Aenasioidea Girault. 
6. Postmarginal vein short and spurlike, no longer or not so long as the marginal... 7 
Postmarginal well developed, nearly as long as the stigmal, antennal scape rather 
short, clavate cylindrical and furrowed at apex........ Aphycopsis, new genus. 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 563 


7. Body elongate; abdomen much longer than wide, pointed at apex. 
Astymachus Howard. 
Body short, robust; abdomen ovate, rarely over one-half longer than wide; and 
Taner obtusely rounded at apex: . 6.22 Losec settee ewe Aphycus Mayr. 


PSEUDOCOCCOBIUS,! new genus. 


In general facies much resembles Aphycus Mayr but differs espe- 
cially in the dentition of the mandibles and the structure of the 
abdomen. 

Female.—Head seen from in front about as wide as the length of 
the vertical axis, or a little wider in P. terryi; the front and vertex 
moderately convex and pass over into the face by a rather sharp 
angle but angle not at all carinate; face and cheeks short in genotype, 
the antennal scrobes fairly deep; eyes large, about four-fifths as wide 
as long, or sometimes smaller and narrower, pubescent; ocelli placed 
in an acute to a right-angled triangle (nearly equilateral in the 
genotype), the posterior pair removed from the rim of the occiput 
and about their own diameter or less from the eye margin; vertex 
varying considerably in width. Mandibles rather long, tridentate, 
with the middle tooth much longer and stouter than the others. 
Antennal scape flattened, linear or nearly so or cylindrical, reaching 
a little beyond the plane of front and vertex; pedicel about as long 
as the first three or four funicle joints combined; funicle as a whole 
short, increasing slightly in diameter distad, all the joints wider 
than long; club large, in general shape oval, sometimes slightly 
obliquely truncate, about as long as the funicle joints combined. 
Thoracic structure nearly as in Aphycus, but the mesoscutum shorter 
and much wider than long; abdomen rather short, ovate, the dorsum 
more or less concave after death, the fifth ventral sclerite ? reaching 
to the anus and inclosing base of the ovipositor; the latter protruded 
and slender. Wings fully developed, the marginal vein punctiform, 
the postmarginal short, hardly longer than the marginal, stigmal 
rather short, forming an angie of about 60 to 70° with the margin of 
wing, submarginal with the usual row of bristles tending to become 
reduced or weak; hind wing narrow, the costal cell very narrow but 
extending to the hooklets. Sculpture, vestiture, and type of coloration 
not differing from Aphycus. 

Male.—Closely resembles the female in all but the sexual characters. 

Type of genus.—Aphycus terryt Fullaway. 

The species belonging to this genus are parasitic in mealy bugs of 
the genera Pseudococcus and Phenacoccus so far as known. 

1 From Pseudococcus, a genus of Coccidae, and 6Bios, referring to the host relationship. 
2 The so-called hypopygium of authors and the valvula ventralis of Thomson is morphologically, I believe, 


apart of the seventh abdominal segment, as the propodeum seems really composed of the first two abdomi- 
nal segments in the Encyrtidae. 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES. 


FEMALES. 


1. Front and vertex narrow, about three times as long as widelu.. Ol LUE ay sae Same 

Front and vertex wide, about one-half longer again than wide; ocelli in a right- 

angled triangle; wings hyaline; antennal scapecylindrical; general color pale 

orange! ‘yellow Satie GUSTS. BOR ert eae 1. ehrhorni, new species. 

2. Wings slightly dusky with a deeper stain beneath marginal and stigmal veins; 

scape flat, slightly expanded; ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle; general 

color orange yellow, the antennae dusky but whitish at apex.......... 2. terryt 
(Fullaway). 

Wings bifasciate with apex and medial band hyaline, scapecylindrical; ocelli in 

an acute-angled triangle; general color deep orange yellow, antennae uniformly 

yellowisheeniee etek een Spree A ai SAR 3. bifasciatus, new species. 


“1. PSEUDOCOCCOBIUS EHRHORNI, new species. 


Female.—F¥ront and vertex about one-half longer again than wide, 
margin of eyes parallel; ocelli in a right-angled triangle, the posterior 
pair their own diameter from the eye margin, and twice their diameter 
from the occipital border; eyes rather small, about one-third longer 
than wide, with fine, short and rather thick pubescence; head as 
seen from in front as wide as long; cheeks a little longer than greatest 
width of eyes; antennal scrobes narrow, rather pronounced and 
uniting above. Antennal scape slender, cylindrical; pedicel narrowed 
at base, as long as the first three funicle joints combined; funicle 
nearly cylindrical, increasing but slightly in width distad, all joints, 
however, a little wider than long, the first four nearly equal in length, 
the last two slightly longer; club large, ovate, slightly obliquely 
truncate at apex, about twice as wide as the last funicle joint, and as 
long as all the funicle joints combined, the sutures plainly indicated. 
Wings uniformly ciliated; the oblique hairless streak widened below, 
not interrupted, and nearly connecting with the hairless streak on 
the posterior border of the wing; bristles on the submarginal vein 
weak; stigmal vein at angle of about 70° with the margin of wing. 
Ovipositor protruded about one-half the length of the abdomen. 
Length: 1.0 to 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

General color nearly uniformly pale orange yellow, deeper on the 
notum of thorax, a little paler on the head and underparts; the 
propodeum pale brown; a deeper brown spot on each side of the venter 
at the apex of abdomen, and another pair of brown spots surround 
the dorsal vibrissal plates! of the abdomen. Antennae uniformly 
orange yellow, somewhat duskier than the body, possibly due to 
discoloration; legs concolorous with the underparts, the last joint of 
the tarsi blackish. The short, appressed hair of the notum dusky in 
color and rather sparse. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

1 These plates are usually called spiracles by most authors but as pointed out by Alice L. Embleton 
(Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., ser. 2, Zool., vol. 9, p. 247, pl. 12, figs. 39, 42, and 43) they are probably tactile 


plates and have no connection with the spiracles. They are characteristic of the Encyrtidae and especially 
of the Encyrtinae. 


no. 2186. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 565 


Male.—Not known. 

Described from three females (type and paratypes a and 6) reared 
from Pseudococcus ryani (Coquillett), San Francisco, California (KE. 
M. Ehrhorn), no date given. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19113, U.S.N.M. 


2. PSEUDOCOCCOCBIUS TERRYI (Fullaway). 
Fig. 35. 


Aphycus terryi Futtaway, Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., vol. 2, 1913, p. 281. 


Female.—Front and vertex nearly three times as long as wide, 
margins of eyes parallel; ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the 
posterior pair slightly closer together than the distance from either 
to the anterior ocellus, and nearly touching the eye margin, the 
anterior ocellus a little behind the center of the front and vertex; 
eyes very large, about four-fifths as wide as long, with thick but fine, 
short pubescence; head as seen from in front a little wider than long, 
the face and cheeks short; antennal scrobes moderately deep and 
uniting above. Antennal scape flattened, very slightly expanded 
below, widest across the apical half; pedicel not greatly wider at 
apex than at base, as long as the first four funicle joints combined; 
funicle increasing gradually in width distad so that the sixth joint is 
about two and one-half times as wide as the first joint, all being 
wider than long and all but the first distinctly transverse; club large, 
oval, somewhat obliquely truncate at apex, apparently solid with 
no sutures visible, a little longer than all funicle joints combined. 
Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened and sub- 
interrupted below, not quite attaining the posterior margin of disk; 
bristles on submarginal vein very weak and inconspicuous; stigmal 
vein at an angle of about 60° with the anterior margin of wing. 
Ovipositor protruded about one-fourth the length of abdomen. 
Length: 1.0 to 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Head and upper parts of the body orange yellow; lower part of 
face, cheeks and the undeiparts of body pale yellowish; occiput, a 
transverse band on pronotum, the thoracic sutures, the metanotum, 
propodeum and center of the dorsum of abdomen more or less dusky. 
Appressed pubescence of notum dusky. Antennal scape pale 
brownish, the dorsal margin and especially the lower margin on the 
apical half narrowly blackish; pedicel and first four funicle joints 
pale brownish, the last two funicle jomts and club dusky white. 
Wings slightly smoky with a more distinct smoky blotch beneath 
the stigmal vein, the discoloration entirely integumentary and not 
due to the ciliation. 

Male.—Almost identical with the female in all but the sexual 
characters, but the wings are slightly less deeply stained. The male 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





described by Fullaway is not the male of this species and evidently 
something quite different. A male included in the material loaned 
for study which answers to his description is an Ectromine. 

Redescribed from two females and one male on a slide labeled 
“exmealy bug on sugar cane, Ewa, 11-29-12,” and one female in 
alcohol without data, all loaned by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ 
Station through the kindness of Mr. D. T. Fullaway. The specimens 
are apparently metatypes. The recorded host is Pseudococcus 
saccharifoli (Green). 


" 3. PSEUDOCOCCOBIUS BIFASCIATUS, new species. 


Female.—Front and vertex about three times as long as wide, the 
margins of the eyes slightly converging anteriorly; ocelli in an 
acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-half their diameter 
from the eye margin and a little over twice their diameter from the 
occipital margin; eyes large, about one-third longer than wide, with 
a fine, short, thick pubescence; head as seen from in front slightly 
longer than wide, but nearly circular in outline, cheeks as long as 
the greatest width of the eyes; antennal scrobes rather wide and 
deep, meeting above at an angle of about 40°. Antennal scape 
cylindrical, shorter and stouter than in P. ehrhorni; the pedicel 
narrowed at base and as long as the first four funicle joints combined; 
funicle joints increasing gradually in width, the last joint about 
twice as wide as the first and twice as long, the first three joints of 
nearly equal length and distinctly transverse, the last three increas- 
ing in length, not so distinctly transverse, the fifth and sixth subequal 
in length; club smaller than usually, ovate, obliquely rounded at 
apex, about one-half wider again than the last preceding joint and 
as long as the last five funicle joints combined, the sutures plainly 
indicated. Wings not uniformly ciliated, the apex, base, and a cross 
band at end of stigmal vein with paler, weaker cilia; oblique hairless 
streak of nearly uniform width, subinterrupted just below the middle, 
and nearly connecting with the hairless streak on the posterior border 
of wing; bristles on the submarginal vein strong; stigmal vein at 
angle of about 70° with margin of the wing. Ovipositor protruded 
about one-third the length of the abdomen. Length, 1.1 mm., 
exclusive of ovipositor. 

Head, notum, and pleura of thorax, the basal and apical segments 
of the abdomen bright orange yellow; antennal scrobes of face, collar 
of pronotum, prepectal plates and tegulae yellowish white, the latter 
with a brown spot on its posterior margin; center of occiput and con- 
cealed part of pronotum dusky; the metanotum, propodeum, and a 
broad band extending across the center of the abdomen brownish 
black, the band on the abdomen appearing on both dorsum and 
venter. The appressed pubescence of face, cheeks, and thorax 


no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 567 





white and conspicuous; present also on the front and vertex but 
weaker. Antennae pale yellowish brown, the club still paler or 
yellowish. Coxae and femora of legs yellowish white, the front 
femora dusky along the lower margin; anterior and middle tibiae 
more yellowish, especially at apex, the middle pair dusky on the 
outer surface; posterior tibiae dilute brownish black, fading to yel- 
lowish at apex; all tarsi yellowish, with the last joint blackish. 
Wings with two conspicuous blackish cross bands, one with its center 
beneath the marginal vein, the other on apical half of disk, separated 
by a whitish band, of which the basal margin is concave and the 
apical margin straight; basal third of wing and extreme apex also 
whitish; the blackish bands due in part to integumentary pigment 
and in part to the ciliation. Exserted part of the ovipositor yellow, 
but becoming blackish at the apex. 

Male.—Similar to the female, but differs in the following par- 
ticulars: Front and vertex broader than in the female, hardly over 
twice longer than wide; the ocelli in a less acute-angled triangle. 
Antennal scape slightly flattened, and a little shorter than in the 
female, the funicle and club slenderer. Wings uniformly ciliated. 
Length, 0.9 to 1.0 mm. 

Vertex more or less blackish around ocelli; the center of the 
occiput, concealed part of the pronotum, the mesoscutum except the 
sides, the metanotum, propodeum, metapleura, and abdomen brown- 
ish black; the vertex otherwise, sides of the mesoscutum, axillae, and 
scutellum orange yellow, the latter somewhat dusky in the center; 
the mesopleura dusky orange yellow; the front, face, cheeks, and 
propleura yellow to yellowish white; collar of pronotum, tegulae, 
and prepectal plates as in the female. Antennae pale brownish, but 
the scape, pedicel, and club somewhat paler; legs colored as in the 
female; wings hyaline. 

Described from a female and male (type and allotype) reared July 
3, 1914, from a nearly full-grown female of a Phenacoccus sp. on 
apple tree, Lancaster, New Hampshire (Miss G. G. Timberlake); 
and one male (paratype) reared April 19 from small overwintering 
female of the same species collected by the writer on March 31 on 
the bark of apple tree at the same locality. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19114, U.S.N.M. 


BOTHRIOCRAERA,! new genus. 


Very similar to Pseudaphycus described below, but differs in short- 
ness of face and cheeks and in the punctation of the front and vertex. 
Female.—Head somewhat hemispherical in shape, but the width 
greater than the vertical axis; the dorsal aspect, gently rounded, 
sloping forward and downward, and passing into the face abruptly 





1 From 16 Bob ptov, small pit, and 7} Roan, Head: © 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


ee 


by a rounded angulation; face and cheeks short, the length of the 
former about equal to the greatest transverse diameter of the eyes; 
antennal scrobes prominent, extending the length of the face and 
uniting above so as to form a half ellipse; eyes large, nearly perfectly 
oval; occiput rather flat, or but slightly concave, the neck inserted 
considerably above the center; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, with 
the posterior pair about twice their own diameter from the occipital 
rim. Mandibles tridentate with the middle tooth the largest as m 
Pseudaphycus. Antennae inserted far apart and close to the border 
of the mouth, 10-jointed; the scape flattened but narrow, extending 
considerably above the plane of the vertex; pedicel as long as the 
entire funicle; the latter 5-jointed, its joints short, and increasing 
in width distad; club large, oval, rather acutely rounded at apex, as 
long as the pedicel and funicle combined. Body rather robust, the 
mesoscutum twice as wide as long, the axillae meeting, the scutellum 
large and acute at apex; abdomen ovate, about one-half longer than 
wide, the dorsum becoming slightly concave after death, the fifth 
ventral sclerite reaching to apex of abdomen and enclosing base of 
the ovipositor, the latter slender and protruded considerably. Legs 
rather short and stout, the femora flattened. Wings fully developed 
but very narrow; the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal 
nearly one-half the length of the stigmal, the latter moderately long, 
knobbed at apex and with two short, nearly parallel prongs, the sub- 
marginal with well-developed bristles. Hind wings narrow, the 
costal cell extremely narrow, but as wide near the hooklets as at 
base of the wing. Head and thorax smooth and shining, the front 
and vertex with several rows of minute punctures, the notum of 
thorax with scattered punctures of the same sort; the pubescence of 
head and thorax very fine and dark-colored. General coloration 
black, but not metallic. 

Male.—Essentially like the female in all but the sexual characters. 

Type of genus.—Bothriocraera flavipes, new species. 


BOTHRIOCRAERA FLAVIPES, new species. 


Female.—Front and vertex a little over twice as long as the width 
at the anterior ocellus; dorsal orbits of eyes slightly diverging ante- 
riorly and to a less degree posteriorly; the ocelli in an equilateral 
triangle, with the posterior pair about their own diameter from the 
eye margin; eyes large, oval, with a very fine, short pubescence. 
Antennal scape flattened and linear; pedicel narrowed at base, as long 
as all five funicle joints combined; the latter all of equal length, the 
first rounded, as long as wide, the following increasingly transverse, 
the fifth about twice as wide as long; club oval, somewhat pointed at 
apex, about as longvas the pedicel and four of the funicle jomts com- 
bined, not quite twice as wide in greatest breadth as the last preceding 


xo. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 569 


joint. Wings uniformly ciliated, the oblique hairless streak narrow 
and nearly reaching the posterior border of the wing; stigmal vein 
forming an angle of about 45° with the postmarginal. Ovipositor 
protruded about one-half the length of the abdomen. Length, 0.85 
mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Head and thorax shining black but not metallic; the metanotum 
and propodeum browner; dorsum of abdomen pale brown, the venter 
dusky yellowish. Antennal scape and funicle brown, the pedicel paler 
brown, the club yellowish white. Legs uniformly pale straw yellow, 
the last joint of the tarsi brownish. Exserted part of the ovipositor 
brownish yellow, becoming blackish at apex. Wings hyaline, the 
veins pale brownish. 

Male.—Very similar to the female, but the front and vertex a little 
wider, not quite twice as long as wide; the ocelli with posterior pair 
slightly farther apart than the distance from either to the anterior 
ocellus. Other structural characters apparently identical, as nearly 
as can be made out in a single poor specimen. Coloration the same, 
except the abdomen is blackish brown, a little paler on the venter. 
Length, 0.65 mm. 

Described from a female and male (type and allotype) reared from 
a Dactylopiine coccid on Elymus, August 16-21, 1912, Kimballs, 
Utah (C. N. Ainslie), Webster No. 8823. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19115, U.S.N.M. 


Genus PSEUDAPHYCUS Clausen. 
Pseudaphycus CLAUSEN, Bull. 258, Cal. Agric. Exp. Stat., 1915, p. 41. 


Comes closest to Bothriocraera, but differences in the shape of the 
head and the sculpture will serve to separate the species so far known. 

Female.—Head as seen from the side more distinctly triangular in 
outline than in Bothriocraera; the dorsal aspect considerably less 
rounded, the plane of the front meeting the plane of the face at a 
right angle or but little more (considerably more in Bothriocraera), 
the angulation between the two rounded; width of head about equal 
to vertical length; face and cheeks usually long, but sometimes short- 
ened; antennal scrobes usually pronounced, and meeting above as in 
Bothriocraera; eyes large, imperfectly oval, being wider anteriorly; 
occiput moderately to slightly concave, the neck inserted a little 
above the center; vertex rather narrow, the ocelli in an equilateral or 
acute-angled triangle, and the posterior pair at least twice their own 
diameter from the occipital rim. Mandibles rather long and slender, 
tridentate, the middle tooth longest, the other two nearly opposite 
each other and subequal. Antennae of the same type as in Bothrio- 
craera. Structure of the thorax and abdomen the same, but the latter 
more elongate ovate; ovipositor more or less protruded. Legs some- 
what longer. Wings fully developed but narrow; the submarginal 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


vein without strongly developed bristles; marginal punctiform or but 
very little longer than thick; postmarginal poorly developed, usually 
but slightly longer than the marginal; stigmal moderate in length, 
either clavate in shape or suddenly enlarged near apex; hind wings 
narrow, the costal cell very narrow but extending to the hooklets. 
Sculpture of head and thorax alutaceous, punctures if present wholly 
microscopic; vestiture of rather coarse, appressed, whitish hairs as in 
Aphycus Mayr. Coloration nonmetallic, shades of yellow predom- 
inating. 

Male.—Closely resembling the female in all but the sexual char- 
acters. 

Type of genus.—Aphycus angelicus Howard. 


ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES. 
FEMALES. 


1. Wings more or less infuscated, face longer than width of eyes.......-.---------- 2. 
Wings hyaline, face and cheeks shortened. Coloration pale yellow. 
1. graminicola, new species. 
2. Ovipositor protruded about one-fifth length of abdomen .....-.---------------- 3 
Ovipositor barely protruded, fifth funicle joint and club white. 
2. prosopidis, new species. 
3. Dorsal orbits of eyes parallel, front ocellus at center of front and vertex. 
3. websteri, new species. 
Dorsal orbits of eyes diverging anteriorly, front ocellus behind center of front and 
WiGRUOR Nom rise Pee ake tig on cite eeheee snc ad septs tees aaa eee easete 4. angelicus (Howard). 


1. PSEUDAPHYCUS GRAMINICOLA, new species. 


Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; dorsal 
orbits of eyes parallel; ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the 
posterior pair about their own diameter from the eye margin, and 
twice as far from the occipital rim; face and cheeks unusually short, 
face being no longer than the greatest width of eyes; the latter rather 
large and covered with an extremely fine, short pubescence. Anten- 
nal scape narrow, linear; pedicel as long as the first four funicle 
joints combined, narrowed at base; funicle joints subequal in length, 
all wider than long and increasingly transverse, the fifth not quite 
twice as wide as the first; club elongate ovate, a little obliquely 
rounded at apex, hardly wider than the last funicle joint and as long 
as the funicle and one-half the pedicel combined. Wings uniformly 
ciliated; oblique hairless streak interrupted at the middle, its lower 
part rather widely separated from the lower margin of wing; the 
postmarginal vein about one-fourth as long as the stigmal, the two 
veins forming an angle of about 45°. Ovipositor protruded one- 
fourth the length of the abdomen. Length, 0.8 to 1.1 mm., exclusive 
of ovipositor. 

Front, vertex and notum of thorax chrome lemon gallons slightly 
dusky ; face, cheeks, occiput, and underparts of body including 


No. 2186. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 571 


venter of abdomen paler yellow; metanotum, propodeum, and 
dorsum of abdomen except the lateral and posterior yellowish 
margins blackish brown; sutures of mesonotum narrowly lined 
with black, especially the suture between pronotum and mesos- 
cutum; collar of pronotum otherwise whitish or sometimes entirely 
so; tegulae pale yellowish, sightly brownish on posterior margin. 
Antennal scape, pedicel, and first one or two joints of the funicle 
dusky yellowish, with the margins of the scape narrowly blackish; 
remainder of the funicle and the extreme base of club black, club 
otherwise yellowish white. Legs concolorous with the underparts, 
the outer surface of the femora and tibiew slightly dusky, the last 
joint of the tarsi blackish. Exserted part of ovipositor yellowish, 
changing to blackish at apex. Wings hyaline, the veins pale 
brownish. 

Male.—Similar to the female, but the antennae slightly slenderer, 
and the dorsum of the abdomen more blackish with the pale margins 
orange yellow. Length: 0.6 to 0.9 mm. 

Described from ten females and five males (type, allotype and 
paratypes a to m) reared from a Dactylopiine coccid on Stipa, Las 
Vegas, New Mexico, Jan. 16 to March 20, 1912 (C. N. Ainslie), 
Webster No. 6690; and three females, two males (paratypes n to r) 
reared from a Dactylopiine coccid on Elymus condensatus, Kimballs’, 
Utah, Aug. 13-24, 1912 (C. N. Ainslie), Webster No. 8823. Paratypes 
e, f, o, and p more or less broken, the rest of the specimens in good 
condition, four of them being mounted on slides. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19116, U.S.N.M. 
2. PSEUDAPHYCUS PROSOPIDIS, new species. 


Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; dorsal 
orbits of eyes parallel; oceili in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior 
pair nearly touching the eye margin; no pubescence on the eyes. 
Antennal scape linear, slightly narrower at base; pedicel as long as 
the first four funicle joints combined, wider at apex than in P. 
angelicus; funicle joints one to three shorter than the last two, but 
all wider than long, the last two about twice as wide as the first; 
club oval, obliquely rounded at apex, as long as the funicle and a 
little wider than the preceding joint. Wings uniformly ciliated; 
oblique hairless streak interrupted near its lower end; no bristle- 
like hairs on any of the veins. Ovipositor barely protruded. Length: 
0.8 mm. 

Front, vertex and mesonotum dull orange yellow, the apex or 
the scutellum dusky; face, cheeks, and underparts yellowish white; 
concealed part of occiput and of the pronotum blackish; the meta- 
notum, propodeum, and dorsum of the abdomen brownish black; 
tegulae and collar of pronotum whitish, former with lower posterior 


572 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 








corner brown, latter with a brown dot on each corner. Antennal 
scape, pedicel, and first four funicle jomts brown, the base of the 
scape shading into whitish; fifth funicle joint and club white. Legs 
yellowish white, the tarsi more yellowish with apex of last joint 
blackish. Wings faintly clouded with brown, but lacking the 
hyaline cross band of P. angelicus, the whole apex of wing beyond 
tip of stigmal vein more faintly clouded, the clouded area extending 
proximad to just beyond the hairless streak, and an additional 
small spot of pale brown at base of wings along the posterior border; 
veins pale brownish. 

Male.—Not known. 

Described from eight females (type and paratypes) reared from 
Pseudococcus prosopidis (Cockerell), Aug. 4, 1898, Mesilla, New 
Mexico (T. D. A. Cockerell), Insectary No. 8182°.1 

Type.—Cat. No. 19117, U.S.N.M. 


3. PSEUDAPHYCUS WEBSTERI, new species. 


Female.—Very close to P. angelicus but differs as follows: Dorsal 
orbits of eyes parallel and not diverging anteriorly; the anterior 
ocellus exactly at the center of the front and vertex. A bristle-like 
hair at base of marginal vein and another near apex of the postmar- 
ginal; oblique hairless streak not interrupted. 

Orange yellow of front, vertex, and mesonotum brighter; the 
anterior margin of mesoscutum black, and the axillary sutures lined 
with black; face, cheeks, and underparis pure white, the venter of 
abdomen at the middle slightly brownish, the brown band on cheeks 
more distinct than in P. angelicus, and follows around to the anterior 
orbits of eyes. Antennae the same except that the fifth funicle jomt 
is brownish instead of black. Legs white, the anterior femora dusky 
along their upper margin near apex, hind femora with nearly the 
whole lower surface slightly dusky; front and middle tibiae with one, 
the hind tibiae with two wide, but faint dusky annuli, and an addi- 
tional, very narrow annulus at the apex of the tibiae, especially of 
the middle pair; tarsi yellowish and not much infuscated on the last 
joint. Wings clouded as in P. angelicus, the veins darker. 

Length: 1.2 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. The maximum size of 
P. angelicus does not exceed 1 mm., apparently. 

Described from one female (type) reared from the stems of Elymus 
virginicus, in Feb., 1903, Villa Ridge, Illinois (Ff. M. Webster), Web- 
ster No. 1924b. Undoubtedly from a Dactylopime coccid on the 
Elymus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19118, U.S.N.M. 





é Auber on labels of specimens refer to notes on file at the Bureau of Entomology unless otherwise 
stated. 


no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 53 





4. PSEUDAPHYCUS ANGELICUS (Howazd). 
Figs. 34, 51. 
Aphycus angelicus Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 245. 


Female.—Front and vertex nearly three times as long as wide, 
slightly wider anteriorly, the dorsal orbits of eyes diverging; ocelli 
in an acute-angled triangle, the lateral pair about half their own 
diameter from eye margin, the front ocellus a little behind the center 
of the front and vertex; the eyes nearly glabrous. Antennal scape 
flattened and gradually becoming wider on apical half; pedicel but 
little longer than the first three funicle joints combined; all funicle 
joints distinctly wider than long and subequal in length, the fifth 
twice as wide as the first; club oval, obliquely rounded at apex, 
slightly wider at apex than the last funicle joint and as long as the 
entire funicle. Wings uniformly ciliated; the oblique hairless streak 
not quite reaching the posterior margin of wing, and interrupted a 
little below the middle; none of the veins with bristle-like hairs. 
Ovipositor protruded about one-fifth the length of abdomen. Length: 
0.7 to 1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum rather dull orange yellow, the 
mesonotum usually somewhat dusky, with the anterior margin of 
the scutum sometimes blackish, but the axillary sutures usually not 
lined with black; face, cheeks, and underparts pale yellowish white, 
the venter of abdomen slightly dusky, the cheeks with a pale fuscous, 
narrow, transverse band following the lower orbits of eyes; the con- 
cealed part of occiput and of pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum, 
and dorsum of the abdomen black; collar of pronotum and tegulae 
whitish, former with a brown dot on each corner, latter with the 
lower apical corner brown. Antennae excepting the club black, the. 
base of scape especially on inner surface whitish, the club snow white; 
rarely the fifth funicle joint is also white. Legs concolorous with 
underparts, the tarsi more yellowish, with tip of the last joint black- 
ish; middle tibiae with a very faint, dusky annulus near the middle. 
Wings with a faint brownish, integumentary, transverse cloud beyond 
the oblique hairless streak, interrupted by a narrow, transverse, hya- 
line band at end of stigmal vein, and by a still narrower, longitu- 
dinal streak following posterior margin of wing opposite the marginal 
vein; veins pale brownish. Exserted part of ovipositor yellow, the 
apex dusky. 

Male.—Similar to the female, but the front and vertex hardly over 
twice as long as wide; the dorsal orbits of eyes parallel; face and 
cheeks shorter; antennae slenderer, the pedicel and club proportion- 
ately longer, pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints, the club 
as long as the funicle and one-half the pedicel, 


574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


Coloration the same, except that the sides of the abdomen behind 
the vibrissal plates are yellowish, and the antennal scape blackish, 
paler at base, pedicel paler blown, first two funicle joits and most of 
club white, rest of funicle and extreme base of club black. Wings 
nearly hyaline. Length: 0.65 to 0.8 mm. 

Material as follows has been examined: Three females, (cotypes) 
reared from Pseudococcus sp. on passion-flower in summer of 1886 
(A. Koebele), three females reared from Pseudococcus sp., Nov. 9, 
1907, Los Angeles, California (E. M. Ehrhorn), two females, two males 
reared from Pseudococcus ryani (Coquillett), Pasadena, California, 
the females July 28-30, 1911, the males some time later (P. H. Tim- 
berlake), one male reared from Pseudococcus sp. on Artemisia cali- 
fornica, Nov. 22, 1912, Whittier, California (P. H. Timberlake), one 
female reared from Pseudococcus citrophilus Clausen, Sept. 1, 1914, 
Uplands, California (C. P. Clausen), and a series of both sexes reared 
from Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni Tozzetti) during the latter 
part of Sept., 1914, Pasadena, California (R. S. Woglum). 

Type.—Cat. No. 5044, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ACEROPHAGUS Emily A. Smith. 


Acerophagus Smiru, North Amer. Entom., vol. 1, 1880, p. 83. 
Rhopoideus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 235. 

Comes nearest to Pseudaphycus, but the shorter, more robust body, 
the broader head, as well as differences in the dentition of the mandi- 
bles will separate the known species. 

Female.—Head as seen from the side imperfectly triangular, moder- 
ately thick antereo-posteriorly, dorsal aspect gently rounded, passing 
into face by a rounded angulation; face and cheeks moderate in length, 
the former a little longer than the transverse diameter of eyes, as seen 
from in front the head, therefore about as wide as long, nearly circu- 
lar in outline; antennal scrobes moderately deep, extending nearly 
the length of face and uniting above; eyes rather small, oval or a little 
wider anteriorly, frequently pubescent, the long axis obliquely ver- 
tical; occiput rather deeply concave, the neck inserted near the 
middle; front and vertex usually broad, the ocelli more frequently 
arranged in a right or obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair about 
twice their own diameter from the occipital rim. Mandibles rather 
long and slender, tridentate, the two upper teeth subequal, the lower 
tooth smaller and more basal. Antennae inserted near the mouth, 
their bases far apart, scape moderate in length, slender and flattened, 
reaching but little beyond the plane of front and vertex; pedicel 
about as long as the first three funicle joints; funicle 5-jointed, all the 
joints short, increasingly transverse; club oval, about as long as the 
funicle. Thorax short and robust, the mesoscutum twice as wide as 


long, the axillae meeting, scutellum nearly as wide as long, its apex 


No. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 575 





slightly rounded. Abdomen short, subrotund and flat in life, but 
after death the dorsum becomes more or less concave, and the sides 
compressed; the fifth ventral sclerite reaches to the apex of abdomen 
and incloses the ovipositor; the latter usually shortly protruded. 
Legs moderate in length, rather slender, but the hind femora may 
be slightly or moderately flattened. Wings moderate or small in 
size; the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal but little longer; 
stigmal moderately developed, running nearly parallel with the ante- 
rior margin of the wing, and enlarged at apex. Hind wings narrow, 
the costal cell very narrow throughout its length but reaching to the 
hooklets. Sculpture of head and thorax alutaceous, punctures if 
present microscopic, pubescence very fine and inconspicuous but 
sometimes abundant. Coloration entirely yellow of different shades, 
the antennae and legs concolorous. 

Male.—Similar to the female in all characters. 

Type of genus.—Acerophagus coccois Smith. 

The species here included in Acerophagus are all parasitic in Dac- 
tylopiine hosts, so far as definitely known, belonging to the genera 
Pseudococcus, Phenacoccus, and Hrium. 

Metallon Walker differs in being metallic and in having rudimen- 
tary wings; Rhopus Foerster has the body much flattened and the 
antennae dissimilar in the male sex; Psylledontus Crawford is sepa- 
rated by metallic coloration, the much smaller antennal! club and by 
the noncompression of the abdomen after death. In these three gen- 
era the structure of the fifth ventral sclerite is not described, but prob- 
ably in all three it reaches only to the middle of the venter and leaves 
the ovipositor free. Rhopoideus Howard can not be distinguished 
from what is here considered to be Acerophagus Smith. Howard was 
misled in stating that the mandibles of Rhopoideus citrinus are eden- 
tate, as there are three teeth as described for the other species here 
considered. Rhopoideus has no affinity with Arrhenophagus Aurivil- 
hus, with which it was placed by Ashmead. 


ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES. 


1. Ocelli in a right or obtuse-angled triangle, ovipositor protruded ...........-....-. ee 
Ocelli in a rather acute-angled triangle, ovipositor not protruded.1. coccois Smith. 
2. Front and vertex as wide as long or nearly 60....--......----- 22-2 ence eee eee ee = 


Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide. 
Anterior ocellus in center of front and vertex, ocellar angle slightly less than 90°. 
2. texanus (Howard). 
Anterior ocellus considerably behind the center of front and vertex, ocellar angle 
RMU ope oes Sa ataers oie Se nhs owt we a Soke gee Ae ee 3. gutierreziae, new species. 
3. Front and vertex fully as long as wide................---+--- 4. erti, new species. 
Front and vertex wider than long, wings small, extending but shortly beyond apex 
Ra A VIO Tee aati 2 2S a Os ek Nes Se che 5. citrinus (Howard), 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





1. ACEROPHAGUS COCCOIS Smith. 


Acerophagus coccois Smita, North Amer. Entom., vol. 1, 1880, p. 84, figs. 20-23. 
Rhopus coccois Howarp, Rept. Comm. Agric. for 1880, 1881, p. 361, pl. 24, fig. 2. 
Metallon coccois ASHMEAD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 22, 1900, p. 407. 

Female.—¥ront and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
rather an acute-angled triangle. Antennal scape short and flattened; 
pedicel nearly as long as the funicle joints combined; the latter all 
short, wider than long, subequal in length, and increasing in width, 
the fifth nearly twice as wide as the first; club large, oval, rather 
pointed at apex, and as long as funicle and pedicel combined. Wings 
uniformly ciliated, the oblique hairless streak narrowed above and 
separated below from the posterior border of the wing by only one 
row of cilia. Ovipositor not protruded. Length, 0.6 mm. 

Notum of thorax and abdomen orange yellow, head chrome lemon 
yellow, under side of thorax, the antennae, and legs pale yellowish. 
Wings hyaline, the veins nearly colorless. 

Redescribed from one female reared from Phenacoccus acericola 
King, July 20, 1898, Springfield, Massachusetts (R. A. Cooley), appar- 
ently correctly identified. The head and antennae are much shriy- 
eled so that the above description may not be fully accurate in all 
details. The location of Miss Emily Smith’s types is not known, if 
indeed they are still in existence. 


2. ACEROPHAGUS TEXANUS (Howard). 
Fig. 52. 
Aphycus tecanus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 245. 


Female.—Front and vertex about three-fourths longer again than 
wide, narrowest near the middle; ocelli in a little less than a right- 
angled triangle, the posterior pair not quite their own diameter from 
the eye margin and nearly twice their diameter from the occipital 
rim, the front ocellus at the center of the front and vertex; face as 
long as the length of the eyes, the scrobes deep and prominent, gradu- 
ally converging and uniting above; eyes about one-fourth longer than 
wide, covered with a thick but very short, fine pubescence. Antennal 
scape slender, shghtly thicker at the middle, hardly extending beyond 
the plane of front; pedicel a little longer than the first three funicle 
joints combined; funicle joints subequal in length, the first as long as 
wide, the following increasingly transverse, the fifth being twice as 
wide as the first; club thicker near base, gradually tapering to a 
slightly rounded apex, one-third wider again than the last funicle 
joint, and as long as the funicle and one-half the pedicel combined. 
Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened below and 
narrowly separated from the posterior margin of wing. Ovipositor 
protruded about one-fourth the length of the abdomen, exserted-por- 
tion covered with long pubescence. The pubescence of head and 


No. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. wi 





thorax abundant but inconspicuous on account of its pale color. 
Length, 0.8 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Head, thorax, and abdomen uniformly deep orange yellow, with a 
slight brownish tinge, antennae and legs concolorous but slightly 
paler. Wings nearly hyaline, but a faint, integumentary yellowish 
cloud present on the basal half to the tip of the stigmal vein; the 
veins pale brownish. LExserted part of ovipositor blackish at apex. 

Male.—Similar to the female, but the front and vertex a little wider, 
not over one-half longer than wide; the front, face, cheeks, and under- 
side of body paler yellow; the wings perfectly hyaline. Length: 
0.7 mm. 

Redescribed from eight females (cotypes), one male reared from 
Pseudococeus virgatus (Cockerell), July 3, 1895, Brownsville, Texas 
(C. H. T. Townsend), Insectary No. 5636%, the male not forming a 
part of the type series. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5046, U.S.N.M. 


3. ACEROPHAGUS GUTIERREZIAE, new species. 


Aphycus texanus COCKERELL and Parrotr (not Howard), Industrialist, May, 
1899, p. 278. 


Female.—Similar to A. texanus (Howard) in all respects but the 
following: Front and vertex a little wider, about one-half longer than 
wide, more coarsely alutaceous; the ocelli fully their own diameter 
from the eye margin, the anterior ocellus considerably posterior to 
the center of the front and vertex, the ocellar angle fully 90°. Anten- 
nal scape slenderer, the pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints. 
Wings with the oblique hairless streak more narrowly separated from 
the posterior margin of wing. Ovipositor protruded slightly more or 
nearly one-third the length of abdomen. Length: 0.7 mm. 

Coloration entirely paler than in A. tezanus, the notum of thorax 
pale orange yellow, the head, underparts, and appendages still paler 
yellow. Wings nearly hyaline, showing but a slight trace of a yellow- 
ish cloud on basal half. 

Male.—One poorly preserved male with the head missing shows no 
marked divergence from the female in coloration. 

Described from three females, one male (type, allotype, and para- 
types) reared from Pseudococcus gutierreziae (Cockerell), Las Cruces, 
New Mexico (T. D. A. Cockerell), Insectary No. 7282, all in poor 
condition. 


Type.—Cat. No. 19119, U.S.N.M. 
4. ACEROPHAGUS ERII, new species. 


Female.—¥ront and vertex but very slightly longer than wide; 
the ocelli in a slightly obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair their 
own diameter from eye margin, and nearly twice their diameter from 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——387 


578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


the occipital rim; face as long as the length of the eyes, the antennal 
scrobes obscure; eyes about one-fourth longer than wide, nearly bare. 
Antennal scape reaching but little beyond plane of the front, flattened 
and a little wider near the middle; pedicel as long as the first four 
funicle joinst combined; funicle joints one to four subequal in length, 
the first a little wider than long, the following increasingly transverse, 
the fifth one-half wider again than the first and one-third longer; club 
elongate oval, one-half wider again than last funicle joint and as long 
as the funicle and one-third of the pedicel combined. Wings uni- 
formly ciliated; the oblique hairless streak with an enlarged and cut- 
off portion below, which does not quite reach the posterior border of 
wing. Ovipositor protruded about one-fifth the length of the abdo- 
men, the exserted portion hardly pubescent. Pubescence of head 
and thorax scanty. Length, 0.7 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Notum of thorax gamboge yellow, the head and underparts paler 
yellow, and abdomen more decidedly orange; antennae and legs con- 
colorous with head and underparts; exserted portion of ovipositor 
almost entirely black. Wings hyaline, the veins nearly transparent. 
Pubescence of head and thorax whitish. 

Male.—In all respects similar to the female, but the front and 
vertex a little wider than long, and the posterior ocelli farther 
removed from the eye margin. Coloration the same but thorax paler 
and contrasting more with the deeper orange-colored abdomen. 
Length: 0.6 mm. 

Described from ten females, two males (type, allotype, and para- 
types a to 7) reared from Hriwm lichtensioides (Cockerell), Salt Lake 
City, Utah, July 14-16, 1913 (P. H. Timberlake), three of the females 
(paratypes g to 7) mounted in balsam, rest tag-mounted. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19120, U.S.N.M. 


5. ACEROPHAGUS CITRINUS (Howard). 
Rhopoideus citrinus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 235. 


Female.—¥ront and vortex distinctly wider than long, rather 
coarsely alutaceous; ocelli in an obtuse-angled triangle of about 105 
degrees, anterior ocellus at the center of the front and vertex, pos- 
terior pair their own diameter from the eye margin and twice as far 
from the occipital rim; face and cheeks of normal length, the former 
as long as the length of the eyes, antennal scobes rather deeply 
impressed; eyes rather small, one-fourth longer than wide, hardly 
pubescent. Antennal scape reaching but shortly beyond plane of the 
front, flattened but narrow; pedicel as long as first four funicle joints 
combined; funicle joints all wider than long, nearly equal in length, 
and gradually increasing in width so that the fifth is nearly twice as 
wide as the first; club large, oval, rather pointed at apex, twice as 
wide as last funicle joint and as long as the funicle and two-thirds of 


No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 579 


the pedicel combined. Wings small, reaching but little beyond apex 
of abdomen; uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak wide espe- 
cially on its lower half and separated by about one row of cilia from 
the hairless streak on the posterior margin of wing; stigmal vein thick 
and not much narrowed at base. Ovipositor protruded about one- 
fourth the length of the abdomen, the exserted portion pubescent. 
Pubescence of head and thorax scanty. Length: 0.6 mm., exclusive 
of ovipositor. 

General color, pale orange yellow, the head and underparts slightly 
paler; antennae and legs concolorous; exserted portion of ovipositor 
blackish at apex. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. Pubes- 
cence of head and thorax whitish. 

Male.—Similar to the female, but head, thorax, and underparts 
paler, more gamboge yellow, and the abdomen deep bright orange 
yellow. Length: 0.55 mm. 

Redescribed from eight females, one male (cotypes), Truckee, Cali- 
fornia, September, 1885 (A. Koebele), Insectary No. 3821x, one 
female not belonging to the type series. Host unknown; neither of 
the insects mentioned by Howard seem likely to be hosts, as all the 
closely allied forms have been reared from Dactylopiine coccids. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5027, U.S.N.M. 


Genus AENASIOIDEA Girault. 
Aenasioidea GIRAULT, Can. Ent., vol. 43, 1911, p. 171. 


Female.—Differs from Aphycus Mayr only in the following partic- 
ulars: Teeth of the mandibles slightly less equal, the upper two 
being blunt and broad, the lower a little shorter and more acute; 
antennal pedicel shorter, no longer than the first two funicle joints 
combined, sometimes no longer than the first joint alone; funicle 
joints longer and narrower, all usually longer than wide, rarely with 
the terminal joints a little wider than long, and not increasing greatly 
in width distad, the club smaller and oval; flagellum on the whole 
therefore more cylindrical, but the scape is flattened and usually 
widely expanded below, as in many species of Aphycus. The fifth 
ventral sclerite of the abdomen reaching to the anus and inclosing 
the ovipositor, but not plowshare-shaped as originally described, 
except possibly to a slight degree after death through shrinkage. In 
shape of head, thorax, and abdomen, in sculpture, vestiture, type of 
coloration, and venational characters not differing from Aphycus. 

Male.—Like the female except, that the head is thinner antereo- 
posteriorly and wider, the front and vertex therefore wider; eyes 
smaller and the ocelli larger; antennae of a more primitive structure 
than in the female, the scape being flattened but not much expanded 
below, the pedicel shorter than the first funicle joimt, the funicle 


580 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 


cylindrical and hardly at all increasing in width distad, clothed with 
an abundant and rather long pubescence, which is suberect and 
equally thick throughout, the club solid and pubescent at its base like 
the funicle. 

Type of genus.—Aenasioidea latiscapus Girault. 

Aenasiovdea has no close affinity with Aenasius Walker, with which 
it was compared by Girault, but on the other hand has descended 
evidently from an ancestral type common to both itself and Aphycus. 
The four known species, three from North America and one from 
Japan, were all reared from species of Kermes. 


ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES. 
FEMALES. 


1¥ront and ‘vortex longer than ‘wide +.22. 2025.2 Set eae ance renee eee 
Front and vertex wider than long, the ocelli in an obtuse-angled triangle. 
1. A. pulchella (Howard). 


2. Ovipositor not at all or barely protruded...........--- ped pao 
Ovipositor protruded prominently, the scape wider on 1 the b al hale ine apical 
BN MN AROW a oie ale uate srclais rap eee oa's 9 ofeee nee eeeeare 2. A. tenuicornis, new species. 


3. Notum of throrax blackish brown, the tibiae annulated with black. 
3. A. kermicola, new species. 
Notum of thorax orange yellow, the tibiae not marked....4. A. latiscapus Girault. 


1. AENASIOIDEA PULCHELLA (Howard) 
Fig. 3. 
Aphycus pulchellus Howarp, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 240, 242. 


Female.—Front and vertex, wider than long; ocelli in a slightly 
obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair more than their own 
diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes narrow and deep 
and not uniting above. Antennal scape more than one-half as wide 
as long, widest beyond the middle; pedicel about one-third longer 
than the first funicle joint; funicle joints but slightly increasing in 
width, the first three a little longer than wide, the last three about 
as wide as long; club oval, somewhat pointed at apex, a little wider 
than the preceding joint, and equal in length to the last two funicle 
joints and one-half of the fourth combined. Wings uniformly 
ciliated; oblique hairless streak contracted above, subinterrupted 
below, the cut-off portion nearly reaching the posterior border of 
wing and connecting with a spur of the hairless streak present on 
the posterior margin of wing. Ovipositor not protruded. Length: 
1.3 to 1.4 mm. 

Front, vertex, upper rim of occiput, and entire mesonotum deep 
orange yellow; hidden portion of occiput and of pronotum, entire 
metanotum, propodeum and dorsum of abdomen blackish brown; 
face, cheeks, collar of pronotum, tegulae except for brownish spot, and 


No. 2186. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 581 


underparts, including venter of abdomen and the legs, yellowish 
white. Antennal scape black with the base, upper margin, and apex 
narrowly yellowish; pedicel brown with apex yellowish white; first 
two to four funicle joints brown gradually fading into the pale yel- 
lowish of the last two or more joints of the funicle and the club. 
Wings hyaline, the veins dilute yellowish. 

Male.—Similar to the female in structural and colorational char- 
acters except as to the antennae. Scape but slightly expanded, 
widest beyond the middle, and about one-fourth as wide as long; 
pedicel shorter than the first funicle joint, its width at apex nearly 
equal to its length; funicle joints not increasing in width, first two 
of nearly equal length, about one-half longer than wide, last two 
slightly shorter but longer than wide; club elongate oval, hardly 
wider than preceding joint and as long as the last two and one-half 
of the fourth funicle joint, rounded at apex. The scape concolorous 
with the face, its upper margin on the outer side blackish brown; 
the pedicel, funicle, and club uniformly brown. Length: 1.3 mm. 

Redescribed from seven females, three males (cotypes) reared 
from Kermes sp. on Quercus tinctoria, Ithaca, New York, January 
25-30, 1890 (L. O. Howard), Insectary No. 763°. Originally 
described from nine specimens all supposed to be females, and it 
seems impossible to determine which one of the above ten specimens 
can not be considered a cotype. 

An additional female from Oklahoma is considerably larger, but 
identical in coloration as far as preserved, the antennae being broken 
off at the end of the fourth funicle joint. Differs only that the 
first funicle joint is hardly longer than wide, noticeably smaller than 
the second, the pedicel proportionately a trifle longer, and the scape 
slightly wider, its lower margin more fully rounded. Length: 1.8 
mm. Specimen is labeled ‘“‘Okla., 727.” 

Type.—Cat. No. 5035, U.S.N.M. 


2. AENASIOIDEA TENUICORNIS, new species. 
Fig. 20. 


Female.—F ront and vertex about three-fourths longer again than 
wide; ocelli nearly in a right-angled triangle, the posterior pair 
about one-half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal 
scrobes deep; eyes nonpubescent. Antennal scape expanded on 
the basal half, rapidly narrowing so that most of the apical half is 
narrow, the greatest width nearly one-third the length; pedicel a 
little longer than the first and about equal to the second funicle 
jot; all joints of the funicle longer than wide, not increasing in 
width, filiform, first and last about equal, the second to fifth a little 
longer and about three times as long as thick; club cylindrical like 
the funicle, very little wider, as long as the last two joints and one 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


half of the fourth funicle joint, rounded at apex, its first joint longer 
than either of the following two. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique 
hairless streak widened below with the small rounded cut off portion 
widely separated from the posterior margin of the wing, and not con- 
necting with the basal hairless streak which hardly extends by point 
opposite the end of the oblique streak. Ovipositor protruded about 
one-fourth the length of the abdomen. Length: 1.4, exclusive of 
ovipositor. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum orange yellow, the front paler and 
the vertex slightly dusky behind the ocelli; face, cheeks, lower half 
of occiput, and entire underparts yellowish white, the face with a 
narrow, interrupted blackish band between the lower corners of the 
eyes, and the cheeks with a large blackish spot in their middle; 
upper half of occiput, concealed part of pronotum, the metanotum, 
propodeum, and dorsum of the abdomen black, the sides of the 
latter narrowly whitish from near base to apex; collar of pronotum 
and tegulae whitish, the former with a blackish brown dot on each 
corner, the latter with a pale brown dot on the posterior margin. 
Basal expanded portion of the antennal scape black, the black con- 
tinuing in a narrow line to apex on the outer face, a narrow line along 
base and upper margin of inner face of expanded portion and the whole 
of the apical portion except the black line whitish; funicle and club 
nearly uniformly brownish black, but apex of the last four funicle 
joints have a whitish dot on the upper side. Legs concolorous 
with the underparts, each tibiae with two pairs of blackish dots and 
an additional dot at the knee joint and at apex of tibiae, the dots 
at the middle of the middle and hind tibiae obliquely arranged; 
tip of last joint of all tarsi blackish. Exserted portion of ovipositor 
pale brown but more yellowish on the under side. Wings hyaline, 
the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—¥ront and vertex as wide as long; ocelli in a right-angled 
triangle, the posterior pair about one-third of their own diameter 
from the eye margin. Antennal scape shaped as in the female, but 
slightly narrower; pedicle shorter than the first funicle joint, about 
one-third as long again as wide; funicle joints all of the same length 
and cylindrical, a little more than twice as long as thick; club as 
long as the two preceding joints combined and no thicker. Length: 
1.0 mm. 

A spot on the cheeks, the vertex, upper half of occiput, concealed 
part of pronotum, most of the mesonotum, the metanotum, propo- 
deum, and dorsum of abdomen black; face, cheeks otherwise, lower 
half of the occiput and the underparts pale yellowish; posterior 
corners of the mesoscutum yellow; tegulae and collar of the pronotum 
whitish and marked as in the female. Antennal scape whitish with 
a narrow black line along the upper margin of the outer face and 


No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 583 


with a black, oval spot on inner face of expanded portion; the 
flagellum brownish. Legs and wings as in the female. 

Described from three females, one male (type, allotype, and para- 
types) reared from Kermes miyasakvi Kuwana, Akabane, Japan, 
August, 1909 (S. S. Kuwana). 

Type.—Cat. No. 18376, U.S.N.M. 


3. AENASIOIDEA KERMICOLA, new species. 
Fig. 4, 


Female.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than 
wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about their 
own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes narrow and 
deep, uniting above, but not so conspicuous as in A. puchella; the 
eyes with a scanty, fine pubescence. Antennal scape over half as 
wide as long, widest across the middle; pedicel about one-third 
longer than the first funicle jomt; funicle joints all of nearly equal 
length and increasing slightly in width, the first three a little longer 
than wide, the fourth as wide as long, the last two slightly wider than 
long; club oval, with apex rounded, about one-third wider than 
the last funicle joint and nearly as long as the last three funicle 
joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak 
widened and interrupted below, the cut-off portion connecting with 
a branch of the basal hairless streak on posterior margin of wing. 
Ovipositor not protruded. Length: 0.75 to 1.25 mm. 

Front and vertex, upper rim of occiput, and upper part of face 
above the lower corners of the eyes gamboge yellow; rest of face, 
cheeks, and sides of occiput pale chrome yellow; collar of pronotum, 
tegulae, and underparts grayish white, the venter of abdomen more 
dusky, especially in the middle, and a brown spot on each corner of 
the collar and one on the hind margin of the tegulae; mesonotum 
blackish brown, changing to dusky gamboge yellow on the sides, the 
axillae being almost entirely yellowish; hidden portion of the occiput 
and of the pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum and dorsum of 
the abdomen black, the latter with the sides behind the vibrissal 
plates narrowly whitish. Antennal scape black, with base, apex, 
and a narrow line on the upper margin white; pedicel black at base, 
the apical two-thirds white; first two funicle joints blackish, the 
third somewhat dusky, and the last three yellowish white; club 
slightly more yellowish. Legs dirty whitish, with a dusky mark 
on the upper surface of all the femora, smaller and darker on the 
middle pair; the tibiae with two blackish annuli, narrow on the 
middle pair and wider on the front and hind pair; the tarsi more 
yellowish, the last joint blackish. Wings hyaline, the vems dusky 
yellowish. 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 





Male.—Front and vertex no longer than wide; ocelli in a right- 
angled triangle, the posterior pair one-half their own diameter from 
the eye margin. Antennal scape much narrower than in the female, 
only one-fourth as wide as long; pedicel a little shorter than the 
first funicle joint; funicle cylindrical, barely increasing in width 
distad, the first three joints subequal in length and distinctly longer 
than wide, the last three joints slightly shorter, but still longer than 
wide unless they collapse or flatten on drying, when the fifth and 
sixth are about as wide as long; club elongate oval, rather poimted 
at apex, barely wider than the last funicle joint and as long as the 
last two and one-half of the fourth jomt of the funicle. Length: 
0.75 to 1.0 mm. 

Coloration similar to the female, but the mesonotum is pure dull 
black with the yellow on the sides less extensive and more con- 
trasting; the black of occiput may encroach on the vertex to the 
ocellar region; face entirely pale yellowish. The antennal scape 
and apex of pedicel yellowish white; base of pedicel, an oval spot 
on inner face of scape, and upper margin of the outer face except 
at base and apex black; the funicle and club uniformly pale brown. 

Described from seventeen females, one male (type, allotype, and 
paratypes a to p) reared from Kermes essigii King on Quercus agrifolia, 
Pasadena, California, August 7, 1912 (P. H. Timberlake), and four 
females, two males (paratypes g to v) reared from Kermes galliformis 
Riley, Murray, Utah, September 16-21, 1914 (P. H. Timberlake). 

The paratypes from Murray, Utah, differ slightly from the Pasa- 
dena specimens in having the mesonotum more yellowish with less 
black, and in having the last funicle joints as long as wide. The 
male from Pasadena is poorly preserved, so that a comparison in 
this sex is not possible, but the coloration seems nearly identical. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18370, U.S.N.M. 


4. AENASIOIDEA LATISCAPUS Girault. 





Aenasioidea latiscapus GrrAULT, Can. Ent., vol. 43, 1911, p. 173. 


Female.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than 
wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about 
their own diameter from the eye margin and a little farther removed 
from the occipital rim; antennal scrobes rather narrow and deep, 
uniting above. Antennal scape one-half as wide as long, widest 
across the middle; pedicel nearly as long as the first two funicle 
joints combined; funicle cylindrical but slightly increasing in width 
distad, the first four joints distinctly longer than wide, the last two 
hardly so, the sixth being as wide as long, the third joint longest, 
the fourth slightly shorter, other four joints subequal and noticeably 
shorter; club oval, as long as the last three funicle joints combined 
and nearly twice as wide as the preceding joint. Wings uniformly 


No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 585 





ciliated; oblique hairless streak slightly wider below and inter- 
rupted, with the cut-off portion rather widely separated from the 
posterior border of the wing. Ovipositor barely protruded, at least 
when material is mounted in balsam, probably not noticeably so 
in life or dry material. Length: 1.1 mm. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum rather pale orange yellow; face, 
cheeks, underparts, and most of the abdomen much paler yellow; 
center of occiput dusky; concealed part of pronotum, a narrow, 
transverse line on the anterior margin of the mesoscutum, the meta- 
notum, propodeum, and a transverse band at the base of abdomen 
blackish; collar of pronotum and the tegulae pale yellowish. Anten- 
nal scape black, with the base, a narrow line on upper margin and 
apical fourth whitish; basal third of pedicel and the first funicle 
joint black; apex of the pedicel and rest of the funicle and club 
yellowish white, with the second funicle joint somewhat dusky. 
Legs pale yellowish, with the tip of the last joint of the tarsi black- 
ish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—Not known. 

Redescribed from three females (cotypes) reared from Kermes 
pubescens Bogue, Urbana, Illinois, June 25, 1908 (A. A. Girault), 
loaned by the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. 


APHYCOPSIS, new genus. 


Comes closest to Aphycus Mayr, and is similar in general shape 
of head and body, type of coloration, sculpture, and vestiture of 
body. The structure of the abdomen also seems to be identical as 
far as can be made out in the limited material at hand. The more 
striking differences are as follows: 

Female.—Antennal scape not flattened or expanded but clavate 
cylindrical, much thicker at apex than at base, with a groove for 
the reception of the pedicel; the pedicel nearly as thick at apex as 
long, and but little longer than the first funicle joint; funicle about 
as in Aphycus, but the pubescence is comparatively coarse and 
bristle-like; club oval, somewhat obliquely rounded above at apex, 
and about as long as the last three funicle joints combined. Vena- 
tion of wings the same, except that the postmarginal vein is much 
longer than in Aphycus, and nearly as long as the stigmal. The 
tibiae of the middle legs enlarged at apex, and the middle tarsi 
swollen. 

Male.—Not known. - 

Type of genus.—Aphycus australiensis Howard. 


586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





APHYCOPSIS AUSTRALIENSIS (Howard). 
Fig. 33. 


/ 


Aphycus australiensis Howarp, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 245. 


Female.—Front and vertex one-half longer again than wide; ocelli 
in an obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair about their own 
diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes deep and moderately 
wide, converging and nearly uniting above, the facial prominence 
well elevated; eyes nearly bare. Antennal scape subcylindrical with 
the apical half somewhat swollen and excavated on the under side, 
nearly four times longer than greatest diameter; pedicel about equal 
to the third funicle joint in length and greatest width; all funicle joints 
of nearly equal length, the first, fifth, and sixth a trifle shorter, 
all increasing somewhat in width distad, the first a little longer 
than wide, the second about equal in length and width, the follow- 
ing more transverse, the sixth being nearly twice as wide as the 
first; club somewhat oval, truncate at base, obliquely rounded at 
apex, its first joint over twice as long as the third, its width slightly 
greater than that of the last funicle jomt, and its total length equal 
to the last three funicle joints combined; all parts of antennae covered 
with moderately thick, stiff, bristlelike hair. Wings uniformly 
ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrowed above and extending 
below almost to the posterior border of wing and nearly connecting 
with the basal hairless streak. Ovipositor very slightly protruded. 
Length, 1.4 mm. 

Color nearly uniformly orange yellow, slightly dusky on the 
mesonotum; front and face somewhat brighter or more cadmium 
yellow; collar of pronotum whitish, but tegulae concolorous though 
paler than body, both unmarked with darker color; propodeum and 
center of the dorsum of abdomen brown; legs and antennae con- 
colorous with the body, the club of antennae slightly brownish, 
and the tip of the last joint of tarsi blackish brown. Wings hyaline, 
the veins pale yellowish. 

Redescribed from two female (cotypes) reared from Pseudococcus 
sp. on Eucalyptus, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A. Koebele). 

Type.—Cat. No. 5045, U.S.N.M. 


Genus ASTYMACHUS Howard. 
Astymachus Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 238. 
The type and only known species, Astymachus japonicus Howard.? 
will be easily recognized from Doctor Howard’s description and need 


not be further considered here. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5031, U.S.N.M. 








1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 239. 


no. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 587 





Genus APHYCUS Mayr. 
Aphycus Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1876, p. 695. 


Female.—Head rounded triangular, the occiput concave, the 
dorsal aspect rounded, the plane of front meeting the facial plane 
at nearly a right angle, but the angulation rounded off; face nearly 
flat, sloping downward and backward to the mouth, antennal scrobes 
usually rather weak, well separated by the facial prominence of 
cuneate form; cheeks nearly as long as the greatest diameter of the 
eyes; front and vertex varying considerably in width, but usually 
much longer than wide; arrangement of ocelli varying from an acute 
to a right-angled triangle. Antennae inserted close to the mouth, 
their bases well separated; 11-jointed, comparatively short, pubes- 
cent; the scape flattened vertically, either linear or with a broad 
leaflike expansion below; pedicel obconical, usually about as long 
as the first three funicle joints, sometimes a little shorter; funicle 
joints in most cases wider than long and increasing noticeably 
in width distad; club rather large, either pointed or truncate at 
apex, in shape more or less oval, generally wider than the funicle 
and about two-thirds as long. Mandibles tridentate with the nearly 
equal teeth rather blunt. Thorax of about the same width as head, 
robust, the mesoscutum considerably wider than long, the axillae 
cuneate, meeting medially, the scutellum subtriangular, with 
rounded base and rather acutely angled apex. Abdomen usually 
of the same width as thorax and a little shorter, flattened horizontally, 
ovate to broadly ovate, the apex rather obtusely rounded, the ovi- 
positor not inclosed by the fifth ventral sclerite which reaches about 
to the center of the venter; the ovipositor sheaths reaching to the 
apex of abdomen or slightly beyond, more rarely protruded to any 
considerable length; dorsal vibrissae of abdomen situated about one- 
third the total length of abdomen from its base. Legs rather short, 
the middle tibial spur short and stout, not as long as the basal tarsal 
jomt. Wings either hyaline, with an integumentary spot, or 
banded with areas of dense, dark-colored cilia; oblique hairless 
streak always present, running from the stigmal vein proximad nearly 
if not quite to the posterior border of wing; submarginal vein not 
reaching to the middle of wing except in some of the smaller, short- 
winged species; marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal reduced 
to a mere spur, stigmal vein moderate in length and straight; costal 
cell of hind wing narrow but extending to the hooklets. 

Sculpture of head and thorax alutaceous, not punctate; head, 
including eyes, frequently but not conspicuously pubescent; mesono- 
tum with a grayish or white recumbent vestiture of scattered hairs, 
rather short and stiff, especially prominent in the dark-colored 
species. Coloration always nonmetallic, of varying shades of yel- 


588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 





low, white, brown, and black, yellow usually predominating; antennae 
usually banded with black and white, rarely of uniform color. 

Male.—Closely resembles the female in structural characters, 
but the head is thinner antereo-posteriorly, the front and vertex 
wider; eyes smaller and the ocelli larger. Antennae always slenderer, 
the scape not so widely dilated below, the flagellum more pubescent, 
and the club always solid. The pedicel in most of the species is as 
long as the first two or three funicle joints combined, but in a few 
species the whole antenna shows a more primitive structure, the 
scape being comparatively short and narrow, the pedicel no longer 
than the first funicle joint alone, the flagellum still more pubescent, 
cylindrical or increasing but very slightly in width distad. 

The male usually differs but slightly from the female in color 
but in a few species is much darker. The antennae are frequently 
not so distinctly banded, and in many species the flagellum is uni- 
formly brownish. 

Type of genus.—Encyrtus apicalis Dalman. 

The species of Aphycus are numerous and of exceptional economic 
importance, as they are parasitic in different species of Lecaniwm and 
related genera, and in many cases serve as an efficient check upon the 
increase of their hosts. Species of the following genera of the Coccinae 
are known to be parasitized, sometimes even by more than one 
species: Pulvinaria, Lichtensia, Filippia, Ceroplastes, Coccus, Toumey- 
ella, Lecanium, Saissetia, and Physokermes. Species of Aphycus have 
also been reared from Tachardia and Eriococcus, but records of Dias- 
pine hosts must be looked upon with suspicion. 

In 1898 Howard! published a table to separate the species in the 
female sex, and this with many modifications has served as the basis 
for the following table. This will aid in the identification of the 
species, and the author hopes that it will prove to be reliable in the 
great majority of cases. 


ANALYTICAL KEY OF SPECIES.? 


FEMALES. 
1. Wings uniformly ciliated and without tegumentary markings.........-------- 9. 
Wings either with a band of weaker, paler colored cilia, or with a tegumentary spot. 
Wings with a tegumentary spot.......----... 202 eee eee eee eee cece eee ceeee 2. 
Wings alternately banded with dark and pale cilia. ........-..+-+-------- 4. 


A Ee ee et ee ee eee 

1Proec. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, p. 240. 

2 Since this synopsis was drawn up the description of Aphycus praevidens Silvestri has appeared (Boll. 
Portici Lab., vol. 9, 1915, p. 295, fig. 52). In the female sex praevidens runs to lounsburyi Howard but the 
posterior ocelli are more distant from the eye margin; the antennae about the same except that the first 
three funicle joints are black instead of the first four, and the club is not entirely black; colorationevidently 
paler, yellowish instead of dark or dusky orange yellow, the metanotum and propodeum without brown 
markings, the dorsum of the abdomen paler with the brown less extensive. The male is more like pulvi- 
nariae Howard in haying the flagellum uniformly brown, and the dorsum of the bady is described as 
ochraceous brown or darker than in either lounsburyi or pulvinariae. 


NO. 


2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 589 


. Scape of antenna not expanded, club yellow or whitish...........-.-.------- 3. 


Scape moderately expanded, club black, preceding joints whitish. 
1. maculipennis, new species. 


. Antennae entirely yellowish white, ovipositor slightly protruded. 


2. albicornis, new species. 
Club yellow, preceding joints mostly brown, ovipositor strongly protruded. 
3. apicalis (Dalman),. 


. Alternate bands on wings not conspicuously contrasting............--.-...---- 6. 


Dark colored ciliary bands conspicuous and contrasting with pale areas. 
Scape widely expanded, wings with only one pale band................-. 5. 
Scape narrower, about one-third as wide as long, an additional pale area at 
eRe Or Wie rn eu tone a ene ame ee ee eee 4. lecanii Howard. 


> Mesonothm blackish brown. --osc0.2 2020.2 cboececeess< 5. fuscipennis Howard. 


MMeEORO IML OENTACEOURS 2925 Scot cece neck eae noses xt 6. schwarzi, new species. 


. Ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, pale band of wings narrow................. t. 


Ocelli in an equilateral triangle. 
Pale band narrow and interrupted on the anterior border of wing, dorsum of 
Seciomien WlACIAN a s8S Seno ta sata Soe dds.c ose ae 7. rileyi, new species. 
Pale band wide and extending across disk of wing, dorsum of abdomen pale 
brows Wet ot a eo Br 8. RULE new species. 


Tibiae igh i blackish aural A sae Pee ce a NS eS 9. johnsoni Howard. 


. Coloration pale orange yellow, no black on the propodeum or dorsum of abdomen. 


10. cockerelli Howard. 
Coloration bright orange yellow, propodeum and dorsum of abdomen blackish 


a a rece Es NC Sta ah a ed Sia 11. similis, new species. 
9. Scape not expanded below, or less than one-third as wide as long............- 23. 
Scape expanded, at least one-third as wide as long. 
Club black or blackish brown, preceding joints whitish................. 10. 
Club yellow except at base, preceding joints black. 
12. physokermis, new species. 
10> Mesonotuan oranve yellow or yelloWish...1.c0-.2 sence. .cet ce ssviede cence ttc i. 
Mesonotum: blackish brown: ...-.2...<v.se-e+-.2.s00e004 13. coquilletti Howard. 
Pieeecli.iiam Scive-ncled INanetles 5 .).ccis.dcacceacenececdeade cece osemesiet 16. 
Ocelli in an equilateral triangle or nearly so. 
Mapine WaMACUlAte 2: Fis css bose bceceacedae ee soeeweeewueemecss 14. 
Wibiae dotied or banded with blackish occ... sss ceacseeeeneencwces 1 
12. Cheeks not marked with brown next to the mouth. ...................--2---. 13. 
Cheeks and face brown next to the mouth, front and vertex not over one-half 
longer acain than, wide... .2o2-0222s.-.5<5+ 14. melanostomatus, new species, 
13. Scape moderately expanded, front and vertex twice as long as wide or nar- 
Pe eet eae ee ee Oe ne eek Ses eke ae eS 15. lounsburyt Howard. 
Scape very wide, front and vertex wider than in the preceding 
16. punctipes (Dalman). 
14. Metanotum, propodeum and abdomen blackish in great part............-.-- 15. 
Metanotum and propodeum orange yellow, abdomen except the margins brown. 
17. albopleuralis Ashmead. 
15. Mesonotum bright orange yellow, front and vertex nearly twice as long as wide. 
18. kingi, new species. 
Mesonotum pale yellow, front and vertex about three-fourths longer again than 
UO oie a orca a etctatelare co erie Sate eccrine Sate 19. mayri, new species. 
16. Mesoscutum not marked with blackish... .......-..s0.s0s¢s.d22ss00e--0400. in 


Mesoscutum with curved, transverse blackish line on each side near base. 
20. lichtensiae Howard. 


590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


L7. Wibise'dotted or ‘banded with brown/or black svn. tet ae eee ee 19. 
Tibiae immaculate. 
Ovipositor not extending beyond tip of abdomen........-............- 18. 


Ovipositor protruded slightly, no black on occiput, propodeum or abdomen. 

21. rusti, new species. 

18. First four funicle joints subequal, last two longer...... 22. pulvinariae Howard. 

First and last funicle joints longer, second to fifth subequal. 

23. claviger, new species. 

19. Pedicel black or brown at base, with apex white or yellowish................ 20. 
Pedicel brown with a longitudinal streak of white on the upper side. 

24. maculipes Howard. 


20 Cheeks nut marked: 2: 22% 2fece ue tee CUE OR Ce See cee een see 21. 
Cheeks blotched with brown next to the mouth........ 25. californicus Howard 
21} Scape moderately ornarrowly expanded cc.cn5.22554 5 eS 22. 


Scape one-half as wide as long, club nearly as wide as long, rounded at apex. 
- 26. annulipes (Ashmead).? 
22. Head and eyes nearly bare, scape narrowly expanded, narrower than club. 
15. lounsburyt Howard. 
Head and eyes moderately to thickly pubesceat, scape usually moderately wide, 


of wider than clubsc.2 545.4 2 Sisee CR ars 22. pulvinariae Howard. 

23. :Ovipositor not protrudine or only slightly 2 4h. UPL ee  ee: 26. 
Ovipositor protruded about one-fourth the length of abdomen. 

Ocelliin an-acute-angled triangle 2s shs4 0 sees Se Se ee etn 24, 

Ocelli in a right-angled triangle.../...............- 27. oaxacae Howard. 

24. Front and vertex over one-half longer again than wide, scutellum and mesopleura 

concolorous with: ‘the! setitumi'.'2 42232 7scctiee ts Pee ee 25. 

Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide, scutellum and most of 

mesopleura blackish... ..ti ii, So Pe atese ce ee eee 28. ceroplastis Howard. 

25. Abdomen except the sides blackish.................. 29. mexicanus Howard. 

Abdomen with but little trace of infuscation at the center... 30. eruptor Howard. 

26. Front aad vertex narrow, ocelliin an acute-angled triangle...............--- 27. 

Front and vertex wide, ocelli in an equilateral triangle. . 31. stomachosus Girault. 

27. Club blackish with most of the second and the third joint pale.............. 30. 

Glub:entirely brown: or/blackishs:.:..2<t22 54 C8 ee ee eee 28. 

28. Club brown, funicle either yellowish or brownish.............-...--.--.---.- 29. 


Club and first three funicle joints black, last three funicle joints white. 
32. eriococci, new species. 
29. Scape and pedicel brown, the funicle yellowish, general color of body yellowish 
brown} more‘ yellow "beneath 22272220 2h.22--2 lees 33. brunneus Howard. 
Antennae entirely brownish, general color black, shining but not metallic. 
34. nitens Kourdumoff. 
30. Legs uniformly yellowish, tibiae not dusky or banded.....................-- Sie 
Tibiae (posterior pair at least) dusky, vertex and notum ‘‘testaceous,’’ face 
Vellowsa at acs she cece reek ee ee es ce Set a ae 35. hederaceus (Westwood). 
31. Scape marked with a small, longitudinal streak on upper margin near apex.... 33. 
Scape marked with a large, quadrate, oblique spot near or beyond the middle... 32. 
32. Scape widest just before apex, last two funicle joints a little wider than long. 
36. alberti Howard. 
Scape widest at the middle, last two funicle joints about twice as wide as long. 
37. philippiae Martelli. 


1 The type of A. annulipes (Ashmead) has lost both wings, and it is possible but not likely that they 
were banded inconspicuously, although Dr. Ashmead does not mention this character. If the wings are 
banded, the species would run to A. similis, from which it differs in having the antennae much shorter 
and the club rounded at apex. 


No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 591 


33. 


Coloration orange yellow or bright sulphur yellow. ........-- 38. flavus Howard. 
Coloration pale clay yellow with the sutures of notum lined with blackish. 
39. luteolus, new species. 
MALES. 


. Antennae short, less pubescent, pedicel longer than first funicle joint......... 2. 


Antennae long, thickly pubescent, pedicel shorter than first funicle joint, all 
funicle joints longer than wide. 

Front and vertex about as wide as long, ocelli in an equilateral triangle, 

tibiae not. banded... ..2/.4-2.cec8c---22-4 1. maculipennis, new species. 

Front and vertex wider than long, ocelli in an obtuse-angled triangle, tibiae 

pO Ce reese Bas Se en oe 14. melanostomatus, new species. 


s-Wanes uniormly ciliated and iransparévte.|.. 22-22: scveesecseuieaackedes sts 6. 


Wings with a band of more transparent cilia at end of stigmal vein. 
Scape rather wide, its lower margin noticeably curved...............-...- 3. 
Scape narrow, wing with two areas of transparent cilia... 4. lecanii Howard. 


STUER PRM Seey ACU OW <p cinlta/sin teawibca Salona. = sw tia Gd katona ann atelier cies eaten 4. 


DOtHy: DiACKISE: DYOWI 2 soe cae scie-scick wage cn dveu Sasa 5. fuscipennis Howard. 


. Eyes and front less densely pubescent with short pile......................... 5. 


Eyes and front densely pubescent with long pile, notum bright orange yellow. 
9. johnsont Howard. 


. Head and notum dark orange yellow, antennae short, club as long as last four 


Bae Ler, eM epee re ese Sekine eed a cod eerie 7. rileyi, new species. 
Head and sides of mesoscutum paler yellow, antennae long, club no longer than last 
tinea. Muntele jomiis.25 32.1 sos ccs eee ea sess 8. subfasciatus, new species. 


Me ape maow and mores panded. codes ihe la ea ehen ose eeelne ae ee ee cee 14, 


Scape wide and more or less expanded below. 
Front and vertex longer than wide, ocelli in an acute-angled or equilateral 
Oe ea oe Seas tannin tian Oiee eee nae ae een he 
Front and vertex as wide as long, ocelli in a right-angled triangle, notum 
flack yellow Om sidese lo. 4 Ses sian ein Sue 2 19. mayri, new species. 


. Ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, front and vertex about twice as long as wide. 13. 


2 


10. 


i, 


12. 


13. 


Ocelli in an equilateral triangle or nearly so, front and vertex about one-half 
igecctvaraim Gal WitOs.clns occu aoc es ae ene Ree eee ae eeeeee 8. 
Club not paler than funicle, either concolorous or darker...................- 9- 
Club yellow except at base, the preceding funicle joints black. 
12. physokermis, new species. 
Cheeks. not, tiarked with: brown /.2:2452 2s. aisceecec een wsl ends eecee cane beak 10. 
Cheeks with a brown spot, tibiae with brown annuli.... 40. oregonensis Howard. 
(ibe dovied with brown or black... $2 ).20+chcS'oit sect acadens's oxcoeaeecees i. 
Tibiae unmarked. 
Dorsum of abdomen almost entirely yellowish. ..... 21. rusti, new species. 
Dorsum of abdomen black with whitish margins..... 41. amoenus Howard. 
Coloration deep orange yellow, or with a brownish tinge on notum.......... £2. 
Coloration pale orange yellow, scape black except the base, apex, and a narrow 
Ine on Upper Mane nt. 25 Cece e Sod See tsemeeeesies 10. cockerelli Howard. 
Funicle and club uniformly pale brownish............. 22. pulvinariae Howard. 
Last two funicle joints yellowish white, rest of funicle and the club brownish. 
15. lounsburyi Howard. 
Scape rather narrow, pedicel brown at base only.......- 20. lichstensiae Howard. 
Scape wider, more expanded below, pedicel brown with a longitudinal paler 
Bare e Are See os See ae ee Ma Tee eas Shs 24. maculipes Howard. 


592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 


14.. General color yellowish brown or blackish: . ¢ J. 02... c0ccesssecesle ceccwat =< ie 
General color yellow or orange yellow with the dorsum of abdomen sometimes 
blackish brown. 
Notum-bright-orange yellow=. 3.222542. c's eecneina eee se anice see eee 15. 
Notum pale clay yellow, dorsum of abdomen more or less blackish. 
39. luteolus, new species, 


15. Scape with a small streak of black on upper margin near apex............... 16. 
Scape marked with an oblique fascia near the middle.... 37. philippiae Martelli. - 

16. Front and vertex only one-fourth longer again than wide, funicle and club uni- 

formly brownish ssi. 2 Jose ee be eee ee eee 31. stomachosus Girault. 

Front and vertex considerably narrower, club usually darker at base than preced- 

inp TunIcle: JOInts sass 2 ey. ce tee a eekae iced anaes eeeee eee 38. flavus Howard. 

17. Collar of pronotum whitish with black dot on each corner................-- 20. 

Collar of pronotum entirely black, or concolorous with mesoscutum. 

Antennae uniformly brownish: . 2.222220. 220 es elk 8. Pa etl fae 18. 

Antennae not unuormly colored 2 2 e02_ 2. So oe eee eee 19. 

18. Coloration dark yellowish brown; head yellowish. ...- 42. immaculatus Howard. 

Coloration shining black. ...sscn0.2sJss.ccess2 fon cece 34. nitens Kourdumoff. 


19. Scape yellowish with upper and lower margins darker, cheeks mostly blackish. 


23. claviger, new species. 
Scape yellowish with an oblique fascia near apex, cheeks mostly yellow. 
36. albertt Howard. 


20: Venter of'abdomen more or less browmish...<2:.0.220.2202s.20coeecseneae 21. 
Venter yellowish like rest of underparts. .................. 30. eruptor Howard. 
Zk; Mesoploura brown: .225 225.2522 02ciistaieteuita aise’ s alain tte 28. ceroplastis Howard. 
Mesoploura yellow: .22ul7ast ts inant tect wien ceiemeiie 29. mexicanus Howard. 


In addition to the species given in the above tables, there are in 
the United States National Museum several unplaced males, which 
may prove to be the opposite sex of some of the species already 
described. One interesting species represented only by males 
(Charlottesville, Virginia) runs in that sex to Aphycus maculipennis 
and melanostomatus, but differs from either in being almost entirely 
black in coloration. Another species (also from Charlottesville) 
runs to Aphycus mayri, and differs in the male sex, in having the 
mesoscutum entirely black and the pleura except the anterior mar- 
gin blackish. It is apparent, therefore, that although the North 
American of Aphycus have been made known for the most part, 
there still remains much work in correctly assigning and describing 
the males. This work is the more important, as species which are 
very similar in the female sex may differ widely in the male sex, 
for the males may be either essentially like the females in coloration 
or much different. 

It has been found necessary to suppress only one of the described 
species, Aphycus flaviceps Howard described from supposed females, 
proving to be identical with the male type of maculipes. It may be 
pointed out, however, that Aphycus oregonensis Howard, also de- 
scribed from supposed females, in all probability will prove to be 
the male sex of californicus. The latter species itself is nearly iden- 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 593 





tical with certain variations of the eastern pulvinariv and may prove 
to be a geographical race, separated mainly by slight differences in 


color. 
1. APHYCUS MACULIPENNIS, new species. 


Figs. 11, 36. 
Aphycus lecanti Kine (not Howard), Can. Ent., vol. 31, 1899, p. 140. 


Female.—F¥ront and vertex twice as long as wide; ocelli in an 
acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about half their own diam- 
eter from the eye margin; antennal scobes broad and shallow, the 
facial prominence not much elevated; eyes with a sparse, fine pubes- 
cence. Antennal scape about two and one-third times as long as 
wide, widest just beyond the middle; pedicel a trifle longer than the 
first two funicle joints combined; first three funicle joints subequal 
in length, the fourth and sixth slightly longer, and the fifth still 
more so, the first two and the fifth about as long as wide, the others 
a little wider than long; club oval, bluntly rounded at both ends, 
one-fourth wider than last funicle joint and as long as the three 
preceding joints combined. Disk of wing uniformly ciliated, but 
the cilia at base of wing beneath submarginal vein are thinner, 
weaker, and paler colored; oblique hairless streak not reaching 
the posterior margin of wing. Length, 0.8 to 1.25 mm. 

Front, vertex, upper rim of occiput, and entire mesonotum bright 
orange yellow; face, cheeks, most of occiput, collar of the prono- 
tum, tegulae and underparts creamy white, with the usual dots on 
collar and tegulae and the apical half of venter brown; concealed 
part of pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdo- 
men brown, with the basal corners of the latter creamy white. 
Antennal scape black, with the upper margin white, broadly on the 
inner face, more narrowly on the outer surface; pedicel except at 
tip, first two funicle joints, base and under side of the third joint 
and club black, remainder of antenna white. Legs concolorous with 
underparts, the tibiae not marked, the tarsi more yellowish, with the 
tip of the last jomt blackish. Wings with a large, brownish spot 
moderately distinct beneath stigmal vein, sharply limited basally 
by the oblique hairless streak, entirely terzumentary in nature and 
not due to the ciliation. 

Male.—Head much shrunken in all available specimens, but the 
front and vertex apparently about as wide as long; ocelli in an 
equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter 
from the eye margin. Antennal scape a little shorter and narrower 
than in the female; pedicel a little wider than the first funicle joint 
and no longer; funicle joints all of about the same length, the last 
three slightly wider, but longer than wide, the first three considerably 
longer than wide, all provided with a moderately long pubescence; 

10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——88 


594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


club hardly wider than the last funicle joint, about as long as the 
last two, and one-half of the fourth joint of funicle, oval m shape 
and bluntly rounded at apex. Wings as in female, but the oblique 
hairless streak nearly reaches to posterior margin. Length, 0.75 to 
0.9 mm. 

Entire upper parts, including front, vertex, upper half of occiput, 
and pronotum, together with the venter of abdomen, blackish brown; 
face, cheeks, lower half of occiput, tegulae and pleura pale brownish 
yellow, the tegulae with the usual brown spot on posterior margin. 
Antennae brown, with a paler spot across the inner surface of scape 
near the middle. Legs pale yellowish, unmarked except that the 
tip of last tarsal joint is blackish. Wings as in the female, but the 
brown spot is fainter. 

Described from seven females, six males (type, allotype, and para- 
types a to k) reared from Lecanium corylifec Fitch, Lawrence, Mass., 
1898 (Geo. B. King), Insectary No. 8450° and 8450%. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18364, U.S.N.M. 


2. APHYCUS ALBICORNIS, new species. 


Female.—Front and vertex twice as long as wide; ocelli in an 
equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter 
from eye margin; antennal scrobes shallow; eyes with a thick, but 
very short, fine pubescence. Antennal scape flattened, linear, not 
expanded; pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints combined; 
joints one to three of funicle of equal length and increasing in width 
with the last three, so that the sixth is more than twice as wide as 
the first, the last three joints nearly twice as long as the preceding, 
especially the fifth, which is slightly longer than the fourth and 
sixth, all wider than long except the first, which is about as wide as 
long; club broadly ovate, rounded at apex, about as long as the 
last four funicle joints combined, and after collapsing, one-third 
wider than preceding joint. Wings with a transverse, curved band 
at end of stigmal vein of weaker, nearly colorless cilia, cilia also on 
posterior margin near base of wing become transparent or colorless; 
oblique hairless streak distinct above, but obscured near posterior 
margin of wing where the cilia are weaker. Ovipositor slightly 
protruded and unusually slender. Length, 1.0 mm., exclusive of 
ovipositor. 

Head and body, including face, cheeks, occiput, pronotum, and 
pleura, except the paler prepectal plates, deep, bright orange yellow, 
the abdomen on each side having a blackish streak inclosing the 
vibrissal plates; collar of pronotum not paler or not noticeably so 
and without the usual dots on the corners; tegulae whitish, with 
their posterior margin pale brown. Antennae nearly uniformly yel- 
lowish white, with the club purer white, Legs yellowish white, 


No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 595 


unmarked except for a brownish streak on upper side of hind tibiae 
near their base, and tip of last joint of tarsi blackish. Wings with 
a large, tegumentary, brown band across the disk beneath the mar- 
ginal vein, extending distad to end of stigmal vein with a convex 
margin, separated from the very slightly dusky apex of wing by 
the band of colorless cilia and broken below by a narrow, pale line 
running parallel and close to the posterior margin of wing; extreme 
base of wing also infuscated; the veins unusually dark brown. 

Described from one female (type) reared from Pulvinaria sp., 
Ikeda, near Kobi, Japan, May 25, 1901 (C. L. Marlatt), and labeled 
‘*Shi-de-Kobashi.”’ 

Type.—Cat. No. 18363, U.S.N.M. 


3. APHYCUS APICALIS (Dalman). 


Encyrtus apicalis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 41, 1820, p. 153. 
Aphycus apicalis Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1876, pp. 695, 696. 
Microterys apicalis THomson, Hym. Skand., vol. 4, 1876, p. 169. 

Female.—Front and vertex twice as long as wide; ‘ocelli in an 
equilateral triangle, the posterior pair a little over one-half their 
own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes distinct, nar- 
row, converging above but not uniting; eyes with a fine, short 
pubescence. Antennae lost in single available specimen, but the 
scape is described as non-expanded by European authorities. Wings 
not uniformly ciliated, the cilia weak and transparent in a broad, 
curved band at the end of the stigmal vein, and on the basal part of 
wing beneath the submarginal vein, proximad of the band the cilia 
beneath marginal vein strong and dark colored, and on apex of wing 
moderately developed; oblique hairless streak rather indistinct 
above, interrupted at the middle with the lower part expanded but 
separated from posterior margin of wing by a few weak, colorless 
cilia. Ovipositor protruded about one-half the length of abdomen. 
Length: 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Head entirely ferrugineous orange yellow; upper parts except a nar- 
row whitish line on collar of pronotum blackish brown, with the sides 
of mesoscutum orange yellow, and the axillae, metanotum and propo- 
deum paler brown; underparts of thorax orange yellow, with the 
mesopleura slightly brownish and the metapleura entirely blackish 
brown; venter of abdomen blackish brown, contrasting with the 
orange yellow exserted portion of the ovipositor; tegulae whitish 
with the posterior margin brown. Antennae described by European 
authorities as having the scape dusky ferrugineous, the flagellum 
brownish except the club which is yellowish white. Legs pale yel- 
low with the middle and posterior tibiae more or less pale brownish 
except at apex, and tip of last joint of all tarsi brown. Wings with 
a large, tegumentary, brown spot beneath stigmal and apical fourth 


596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


of submarginal vein, reaching across disk of wing, obliquely inter- 
rupted by the hairless streak, and subinterrupted below by a narrow 
line of paler color running parallel to the posterior margin of wing, 
the spot augmented also by character of the ciliation described 
above; veins pale yellowish. 

Redescribed from one female of European origin but without lo- 
cality label. This species evidently varies in coloration as accord- 
ing to Mayr the notum of thorax may be either brown or orange 
yellow. 


4, APHYCUS LECANII Howard. 
Figs. 10, 40. 


Aphycus lecanit Howarp, Proc. U.S8.Nat.Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 240, 242. 


Female.—Front and vertex about two and one-third times as long 
as wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about 
one-half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes 
shallow and wide; eyes with a rather dense, but short, fine pubes- 
cence. Antennal scape about one-third as wide as long, widest 
beyond the middle; pedicel about as long as the first three funicle 
joints combined; all funicle joints equal or nearly so in length, 
gradually increasing in width after the second, the sixth being 
nearly twice as wide as the first two, all wider than long; club oval 
with truncate base and rounded apex, nearly one-half wider again 
than the last funicle joint and as long as the last five preceding joints 
combined. Wings not uniformly ciliated, cilia blackish on area 
beneath stigmal vein and on apical fourth of disk, and pale or whitish 
on an intervening curved band and on most of area beneath the 
submarginal vein; oblique hairless streak reaching only about one- 
half of the way across disk of wing from stigmal vein, obscured 
below by the weak ciliation. Length: 0.8 to 1.0 mm. 

Front, vertex and mesonotum rather dull orange yellow, the meso- 
notum frequently becoming dusky after death; face, cheeks, and 
underparts pale yellowish white, the cheeks sometimes brighter 
yellow and with a blackish brown spot on lower corner, and the 
middle of venter on each side of ovipositor sheath pale brownish; 
concealed portion of the occiput and of the pronotum, the meta- 
notum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the 
latter with a broad, transverse whitish band near base nearly or 
quite interrupted in the middle, and with a lateral, submarginal 
white streak behind the vibrissal plates; collar of pronotum and teg- 
ulae whitish, each with the usual brown dots. Antennal scape, 
base of pedicel, first three funicle joints and club black, the scape 
with base, apex and a narrow line on the upper margin of the outer 
face white, but on inner face the white expands and covers whole 
surface except a large spot on lower apical corner; apex of pedicel 


no. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 597 


and Jast three funicle joints pale yellow. Legs yellowish white, 
with a pale brown spot on upper side of the femora near apex, and 
with two blackish brown annuli on all tibiae, sometimes interrupted; 
tarsi pale brownish yellow, the last joint hardly darker. Wings with 
contrasting bands of dark and whitish cilia as described above; 
veins pale brownish. 

Male.— Front and vertex a little less than twice as long as wide; 
ocelli arranged as in the female. Antennal scape a little narrower 
than in the female, widest across the middle; pedicel shorter and 
wider, about as long as the first two and one-half of the third funicle 
joint combined; first funicle jot rounded, a trifle wider than long, 
following joints distinctly wider than long and increasing in width, 
the first four subequal in length, the last two somewhat longer; club 
usually not wider than preceding joint, widest across the base and 
tapering to bluntly rounded apex, as long as the last four funicle 
joints combined. Wings as in the female. Length: 0.7 to 0.9 mm. 

Coloration very nearly as in the female, but the dark markings 
of abdomen more extensive and sometimes nearly pure black, with 
the transverse, basal white band reduced to a spot on each side of 
dorsum, and the submarginal lateral streaks present but shorter 
and yellowish in color. The black on antennal scape somewhat 
more extensive, and the first three funicle joints and club more 
brownish. 

Redescribed from thirteen females, ten males (cotypes) reared from 
Lecanium on pine (probably Physokermes insignicola Craw) and Le- 
canium on ILTeteromeles and Quercus agrifolia, two males from Los 
Angeles County, California, remainder of specimens! from Ala- 
meda County, California (A. Koebele), Koebele’s Nos. 193°, 215°, and 
406°; also a large series of both sexes reared from Physokermes 
insignicola (Craw), Santa Maria, California, August 4-24, 1911 (R.C. 
Wylie), from Lecanium pubescens Ehrhornand Lecaniuwm corni Bouché, 
Berkeley, California, March 30 to May 5,1911 and 1912 (H. J. Quayle, 
P. H. Timberlake). 

The male described by Dr. Howard is a much different insect and 
appears to be a new species of Blastothriz. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5034, U.S.N.M. 


5. APHYCUS FUSCIPENNIS Howard. 
Fig. 1. 
Aphycus fuscipennis Howarp, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 240, 241. 


Female.—Front and vertex about two and one-half times as long 
as wide; ocelli in a very acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair a 
little less than their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal 


1 One female cotype found detached from card point and label, but probably from Alameda County. 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





scrobes shallow and broad, uniting above, the facial prominence very 
slight; eyes weakly pubescent. Antennal scape over one-half as 
wide as long, widest across the middle; pedicel as long as the first 
three funicle joints combined; all funicle joints wider than long, and 
increasing in width distad, the last two slightly longer than the pre- 
ceding, the sixth about twice as wide as long; club about one-fifth 
ardent than preceding joint, subrectangular with the apex truncate, 
nearly as long as the last four funicle joints combined. Wings not 
uniformly ciliated, all cilia very dense and black except for a narrow, 
curved band at end of stigmal vein where the cilia are colorless 
although as dense as elsewhere; oblique hairless streak extending 
about two-thirds of the way across disk from the stigmal vein. 
Length: 1.0 to 1.4 mm. 

Front, vertex, and rim of occiput pale yellow, face and cheeks 
yellowish white, the latter with a brown streak on their lower cor- 
ners extending narrowly nearly across the oral margin of face; center 
of occiput, concealed part of pronotum, and most of thorax above 
blackish brown, the mesoscutum narrowly edged with yellowish on 
the sides; collar of pronotum and the tegulae whitish, the former 
with a small, round, blackish brown dot on each corner, the latter 
with a light brown spot on posterior margin; abdomen above nearly 
pure black with a yellowish white, narrow, submarginal streak on 
each side posterior to the vibrissal plates; underparts yellowish 
white, the venter of abdomen with the sides narrowly and a broad, 
median, longitudinal band blackish brown. Antennal scape black 
with upper margin white, and a pale, oval spot on outer face at and 
near the base; base of pedicel, first three funicle joints and club 
nearly pure black; apex of pedicel and last three funicle joints 
white. Legs yellowish white, the femora with two interrupted bands, 
the tibiae with three narrow annuli of blackish brown; tarsi more 
yellowish with last joint blackish. Wings conspicuously dusky, due 
entirely to the black ciliation, and with a narrow whitish band at end 
of stigmal vein, of which the basal margin is concave and the apical 
margin cttaight and transverse. 

Male. —Front and vertex about one and a half times as long as 
wide; ocelli in nearly an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair 
nearly touching the eye margin; eyes thickly pubescent. Antennae 
as in the female except that the scape is much narrower, about one- 
fourth as wide as long, its lower margin forming a slight curve, the 
funicle and club a little slenderer. Wings have the abet nee 
tion much less conspicuous than in the female, and developed to 
about the same degree as found in the females of A. rileyi. Length: 
1.3 mm. 

Coloration almost the same as in the female, but the spot on the 
cheeks is much smaller or nearly obsolete; the yellowish white on 


no. 2136. REVISION OF THR GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 599 





sides of abdomen replaced with dusky reddish; the vertex in region 
of the posterior ocelli blackish brown; and antennae with the dark 
parts more brownish, the scape blackish brown with the upper mar- 
gin and spot on lower margin of outer face near the base whitish, 
pedicel, the first and part of next two funicle joints and the club 
blackish brown, rest of flagellum yellowish. 

Redescribed from six females, two males (cotypes) reared from 
Lecanium on Arctostaphylos pungens, Sonoma County, California 
(A. Koebele), and one female from Mountain View, California (H. M. 
Ehrhorn). The latter specimen differs from the types in being 
smaller (1.0 mm. long) and in having the scape somewhat narrower, 
or not over one-half as wide as long. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5033, U.S.N.M. 
6. APHYCUS SCHWARZI, new species. 
Fig. 2. 


Female.—Structural details as in A. fuscipennis, but the front and 
vertex is slightly more than twice as long as wide, and becoming 
narrower posteriorly. Length: 1.15 mm. 

Face and cheeks yellowish white, a spot on lower corners of cheeks 
smaller and blacker than in fuscipennis, and becoming much fainter 
on each side of oral margin of face; front, vertex and upper rim of 
occiput pale dilute brown; mesonotum pale ochraceous brown, be- 
coming darker on the posterior border of the scutum, the axillae 
and scutellum, and the scutum with a narrow, curved, blackish line 
on each side near the base; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, 
each with the usual dots; center of occiput, concealed part of pro- 
notum, the metanotum, propodeum and dorsum of abdomen black- 
ish, the latter with lateral margins yellowish white except that the 
black extends narrowly along the front margin of the first five seg- 
ments down to the venter for a short distance; underparts yellowish 
white, the venter with a narrow, median, longitudinal dark band 
along the ovipositor sheath. Antennal scape blackish with a spot 
on outer face at base, the upper margin narrowly and apex broadly 
yellowish white; base of pedicel, first three funicle jomts and club 
blackish, and the remainder of antenna yellowish white. Legs 
yellowish white, banded as in fuscipennis except that the femoral 
bands are fainter and reduced. Wings the same but the white band 
is wider. 

Described from one female (type) collected in the Santa Rita 
Mountains, Arizona, June 11 (Hubbard and Schwarz). Mr. Schwarz 
states that it must have been taken in Madeira Canyon. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18365, U.S.N.M. 


600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


7. APHYCUS RILEYI, new species. 
Figs. 7, 38. 


Aphycus maculipes Howarp (part), Bull. No. 5 (old ser.), U. 8. Dept. Agric., 
Bur. Ent., 1885, p. 18. 

Female.—Front and vertex varying from one-fourth longer again 
than wide to twice as long as wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, 
the posterior pair one-half to fully their own diameter from eye mar- 
gin; antennal scrobes shallow and broad, the facial prominence but 
slightly elevated; eyes hardly pubescent. Antennal scape about 
twice as long as wide or narrower in smaller specimens, widest at or 
just beyond the middle; pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints 
combined; funicle joints all wider than long, the sixth about twice as 
wide as the first, first three subequal in length and width, the last two 
slightly longer, especially the fifth; club subrectangular, the apex 
truncate or very bluntly rounded, about one-third wider than the last 
funicle joint and as long as the five preceding jomts combined. Wings” 
not uniformly ciliated, the cilia beneath stigmal vem and on the 
apical fourth of wing heavy and dark colored, those on an intervening, 
narrow, curved band weak and paler colored, the pale band inter- 
rupted, however, on the upper margin of wing; oblique hairless 
streak not reaching the lower margin of wing nor connecting with the 
almost obsolete basal hairless streak. Length: 0.75 to 1.3 mm. 

Upper part of face above the lower corners of eyes, front, vertex, 
and mesonotum dark orange yellow, the anterior margin of the scutum 
sometimes black; rest of face, cheeks, occiput, and venter of abdomen 
sordid yellowish white; the pleura, collar of pronotum, and tegulae 
more creamy white, with a brown dot on each corner of the pronotum, 
and tegulae with their hind margin brown; concealed part of pro- 
notum, the metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen blackish 
brown, the lateral margins of the latter sordid yellowish. Antennal 
scape black, with base, apex, and a narrow line on upper margin, more 
indistinct on the inner face, yellowish white; basal half of pedicel, 
first two funicle joints, and club black; apex of pedicel and last four 
funicle joints yellowish white. Legs sordid yellowish white, the 
tibiae with two subinterrupted, brownish annuli varying somewhat in 
intensity; last joint of tarsi blackish. Wings nearly hyaline, with a 
ciliary infuscation on basal half and at apex, and an intervening, 
narrow, curved, whitish band incomplete on the anterior margin of 
disk; the veins yellowish. 

Male.—Front and vertex about one-third longer again than wide; 
ocelli in a slightly obtuse-angled triangle, the posterior pair about 
their own diameter from eye margin. Antennal scape much nar- 
rower than in female, hardly over one-fourth as wide as long, but 
lower margin rounded; pedicel nearly as long as the first four funicle 


" No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYOUS—TIMBERLAKE. 601 








joimts combined; first two funicle jomts subequal in length and width, 
but little wider than long, the following increasingly wider, the sixth 
being about twice as wide as the first, the fifth noticeably longer than 
the others; club more oval and rounded at apex than in the female, 
about one-fourth wider than preceding joint and as long as the last 
four joints of funicle combed. Wings as in female. Length, 0.7 
to 1.2 mm. 

Coloration similar to the female but the center of occiput is dusky 
or blackish, the black margin of scutum generally more pronounced, 
the center of the scutum sometimes suffused with dusky, and with 
two dusky lines on each side near the base, the dorsum of the abdomen 
without the pale margins, and the dark parts of antennae more brown- 
ish. The scape, base of pedicel, first one or two funicle joints, and 
club brown to blackish brown; the base, apex, and line on upper mar- 
gin of scape, apex of pedicel, and last four funicle joints yellowish to 
orange yellow. 

Described from one female, twelve males (type, allotype, and para- 
types a to k) reared from Lecaniuwm sp., on Japanese persimmon, 
Millheim, Texas, April 28 to May 12, 1896 (J. H. Krancher); one 
female, one male (paratypes / and m) reared from an unknown host 
on sumach, St. Louis, Missouri, August 28, 1878 (C. V. Riley); five 
females (paratypes o to s) reared from Lecanium corni Bouché, 
Ithaca, New York, May 10, 1895 (M. V. Slingerland); one female 
(paratype n) reared from Lecanium corm Bouché on ash, Guelph, 
Ontario, June 9, 1907 (T. D. Jarvis); one male (paratype t) Lansing, 
Michigan (A. J. Cook); and one male (paratype uw) South Kirtland, 
Ohio, labeled ‘‘A. C. 3524.” 

Type.—Cat. No. 18366, U.S.N.M. 


8 APHYCUS SUBFASCIATUS, new species. 
Figs. 6, 39. 


Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair nearly their own diameter 
from the eye margin; antennal scrobes shallow and the facial promi- 
nence moderately elevated; eyes with a slight, very short pubescence. 
Antennal scape about one-half as wide as long, widest across the 
middle; pedicel a little longer than the first three funicle joints com- 
bined; funicle joints all subequal in length except the fifth which is 
about one-fourth longer, all distinctly wider than long except the 
fifth, the sixth about twice as wide as the first or second; club sub- 
rectangular, the apex truncate, about one-third wider again than 
the preceding joint and as long as the last four funicle joints com- 
bined. Wings as in A. rileyr except that the band of transparent 
cilia is wider and extends entirely across disk of wing. Ovipositor 
barely protruded beyond apex of abdomen. Length, 1.7 mm. 


602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Front, vertex, most of occiput, and entire mesonotum pale orange 
yellow; face, cheeks, sides of occiput, collar of pronotum, tegulae, 
almost the entire underparts, the metanotum, propodeum and abdo- 
men paler yellow, with the center of the dorsum of abdomen brownish, 
a brown spot on each side of metapostnotum and propodeum partly 
on each, and the usual brown dots on collar of pronotum and tegulae 
nearly obsolete; concealed part of pronotum blackish.. Antennal 
scape black with the base and apex rather broadly and a narrow line 
on upper margin yellowish white; base of pedicel, first two funicle 
joints and a part of the third and club black; apical two-thirds of 
pedicel, last three funicle joints and apex of the third yellowish 
white. Legs yellowish with last joint of the tarsi and two narrow, 
interrupted annuli on all the tibiae blackish. Wings inconspicuously 
dusky on base and apex, with a transverse band at end of stigmal 
vein more transparent, entirely due to character of ciliation; the 
veins pale brownish. 

Male.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; 
ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair fully their 
own diameter from the eye margin. Antennal scape narrower than 
in the female, about one-third as wide as long; pedicel and funicle 
about the same except that the fifth joint of funicle is relatively 
shorter and wider; club more oval and bluntly rounded at apex, no 
wider than the preceding joint and as long as the last three joints 
combined. Length, 1.5 mm. 

Coloration similar to that of female, but the mesonotum more 
dusky orange especially along the sutures and the sides of the scutum 
paler; center of occiput, the metanotum, propodeum and entire 
dorsum of abdomen nearly pure black; dots on corners of the pronotal 
collar distinct and blackish. Antennae orange yellow with the lower 
half of scape except at base and apex, the base of pedicel and club 
black, and the first funicle joint slightly dusky. Dusky and trans- 
parent bands of wings less distinct. 

Described from six females, two males (type, allotype, and para- 
types a to f) reared from Lecanium cerasifex on elm, Columbus, 
Kansas, May 11-18, 1908 (W. J. Moore), and one female (paratype g) 
labeled ‘‘Oklahoma, 864.” 

Type.—Cat. No. 18367, U.S.N.M. 


9. APHYCUS JOHNSONI Howard. 
Figs. 8, 37. 
Aphycus johnsonit Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat.Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 244. 


Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-fourth their 
own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes shallow and the 
facial prominence but slightly elevated; eyes with a very short, fine 


St een eet 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 603 





pubescence. Antennae longer than in allied species, the funicle 
joints and club frequently not collapsing after death; scape about 
twice as long as wide or a little narrower, widest at or beyond the 
middle; pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints combined; 
funicle joints of nearly equal length with the fifth and sometimes the 
sixth slightly longer, the first three hardly increasing in width and a 
little wider than long, last three increasing in width so that the sixth 
is about twice as wide as the first joint, the fourth and sixth and 
sometimes the fifth wider than long; club subrectangular, truncate 
at apex, no wider than the preceding joint and as long as the last three 
funicle joints combined or a little more, or if collapsing more rounded 
at apex and wider than the last funicle joint. Wings as in A. rileyi 
but the transparent band of cilia may be incomplete also on the 
lower margin of disk. Length, 1.2 to 1.4 mm. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum dark orange yellow, with dusky 
shadings on the scutellum and a narrow, transverse, blackish line on 
each side of scutum in the type, but frequently without dusky or 
blackish markings and rarely much brighter orange yellow in color; 
center of occiput, concealed part of pronotum, the metanotum, 
propodeum and dorsum of abdomen black or blackish, the latter 
with the sides behind the vibrissae shading into dusky yellowish or 
whitish, sometimes more distinctly so; face, cheeks and underparts 
pale yellowish, with venter of abdomen dusky whitish; collar of 
pronotum and tegulae whitish with the usual brown markings. 
Antennal scape black with the base, apex, and line on upper margin 
narrowly yellowish white; basal half of pedicel, first two funicle 
joints and club black; rest of pedicel and funicle yellowish white, 
with the third funicle joint sometimes dusky. Legs pale yellowish; 
the anterior femora with a brown spot near apex, the hind femora 
with an obscure streak of brown on outer surface; front tibiae with 
three distinct brown annuli, the third one at apex, middle and hind 
tibiae with two annuli and a brown spot at the knee joint; last joint 
of the tarsi tipped with blackish. Wings with faint ciliary banding 
usually as in A. rileyi; the veins pale brownish. 

Male.—Front and vertex one-half longer again than wide; ocelli 
nearly in an equilateral triangle, the space between posterior pair 
slightly greater than distance from either to the anterior ocellus; 
eyes more pubescent than in the female. Antennae nearly as in the 
female except that the scape is much narrower or nearly four times 
longer than wide with the lower margin gently rounded. Length, 
1.25 mm. 

Coloration as in the female except that the sides of abdomen 
behind the vibrissae are narrowly reddish; and the scape of antennae 
black on outer surface with the base, apex and a narrow line on the 
upper margin yellow, entirely yellow on inner face except a black 


604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


streak along the lower margin, the base of pedicel brownish, the club 
black, rest of pedicel and funicle yellow with the first funicle joint 
slightly dusky. 

Redescribed from one female (type) reared from Lecanium on elm, 
Champaign, Hlinois, April 29, 1896 (W. G. Johnson), one female, 
one male reared from Lecanium fitch Signoret, Trenton, Ontario, 
and five females reared from Lecanium nigrofasciatum Pergande, 
Mount Alto, Pennsylvania, June, 1913 (F. L. Simanton). 

Type.—Cat. No. 5040, U.S.N.M. 


10. APHYCUS COCKERELLI Howard. 





Fig. 9. 
Aphycus cockerelli Howarp, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 240, 243. 


Female——Front and vertex twice as long as wide; ocelli in an 
acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair a little over one-half their 
own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and 
shallow, the facial prominence but slightly elevated; eyes barely 
pubescent. Antennal scape about one-half as wide as long, widest 
across the middle; pedicel as long at the first three funicle jomts com- 
bined; first two funicle joints slightly wider than long and subequal, 
the next two increasing in width but not in length, the sixth slightly 
longer than the first four, the fifth still more so, both about twice as 
wide as the first joint; club very broadly oval, bluntly rounded or 
subtruncate at apex, about one-fourth wider than the preceding joint 
and a little longer than the last three funicle joints combined. Wings 
with the ciliation not conspicuously darkened yet with a narrow, 
curved band of greater transparency at end of the stigmal vein, which 
attains neither anterior nor the posterior border of the wing; oblique 
hairless streak obliterated above before reaching the stigmal vein, 
interrupted below with the cut-off portion almost connecting with the 
rather distinct basal hairless streak. Length, 1.25 mm. 

Front, vertex, occiput, mesonotum, metanotum, propodeum, and 
dorsum of abdomen pale cadmium yellow, purer or brighter yellow 
on the head and brownish on the metanotum, propodeum, and middle 
of the abdomen; face, cheeks, collar of pronotum, tegulae, and entire 
underparts creamy yellowish white, the usual dots on collar and tegu- 
lae obsolete; concealed part of the pronotum brown. Antennal scape 
except base, apex, and a narrow line on the upper margin, the basal 
third of pedicel, first two funicle joints, and club black, the rest of 
antenna yellowish white. Legs concolorous with underparts; the 
middle tibiae marked with two minute, brown dots on the outer sur- 
face near base, dots on other tibiae much fainter and nearly obsolete; 
last joint of the tarsi blackish at apex. Wings hyaline, the more 
transparent band hardly visible unless wing is mounted in balsam; 
the veins pale yellowish. 





. 


ee 


NO. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 605 


Male.—Front and vertex about one and three-fourths times as long 
as wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair a little over 
one-half their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennal scape 
hardly more than one-fourth as wide as long, its lower margin slightly 
curved, widest before the middle and tapering gradually to the apical 
end; pedicel as in the female, rest of antenna broken off in single 
available specimen. Wings uniformly ciliated, showing no trace of 
the ciliary banding. Length, 1.2 mm. 

Coloration nearly as in female, but the upper half of the center of 
occiput, the concealed part of the pronotum, the metanotum, propo- 
deum, and dorsum of abdomen blackish, the latter with the sides 
behind the vibrissae narrowly bright yellow; collar of pronotum and 
the tegulae whitish, the former with a very pale brownish dot on each 
corner, the latter not marked. Antenna as much as known colored 
as in the female, but the pale parts more yellowish. Legs as in female 
except that the tibial dots are a little heavier. Wings entirely hya- 
line, the veins pale yellowish. 

Redescribed from five females, one male (cotypes) reared from a 
_ Lecanwum on osage orange, Las Cruces, New Mexico (T. D. A. Cock- 

_erell). 
Type.—Cat. No. 5038, U.S.N.M. 


11. APHYCUS SIMILIS, new species. 


Fig. 19. 


Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-half their own 
diameter from the eye margin; eyes with a very fine, sparse pubes- 
cence. Antennal scape one-half as wide as long, widest across the 
middle; pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints combined; first 
funicle joint a little wider than long, following three of the same length 
as the first but increasingly wider, the fifth about three-fourths longer 
again than the preceding joints, the sixth a little shorter than the fifth 
and fully twice as wide as the first; club subquadrate, about one-fourth 
longer than wide, very bluntly rounded or subtruncate at apex, nearly 
one-third wider than the last funicle joint and nearly as long as the 
last four preceding joints combined. Wings with a narrow, curved 
band of more transparent cilia at end of stigmal vein, which becomes 
obsolete on the anterior margin of disk; oblique hairless streak reach- 
ing from the stigmal vein about two-thirds of the way across the disk, 
and without a distinct cut-off portion. Length, 0.9 to 1.3 mm. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum bright orange yellow; face, cheeks, 
occiput, and underparts pale yellow; concealed part of the pronotum, 
a spot on each side of the metanotum and propodeum situated partly 
on both, and the dorsum of the abdomen brown or blackish brown, the 
lateral margins of the latter from base to apex yellow; collar of prono- 


606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 





tum and tegulae whitish, the former with a small, brown dot on each 
corner, and the posterior margin of the latter slightly brownish. 
Antennal scape, except the base, apex, and a narrow line on the upper 
margin, the basal third of pedicel, first funicle joint, and lower side of 
the second joint and the club black; rest of antenna yellowish white. 
Legs concolorous with the underparts; middle tibiae with two pair 
of small, brown dots, the front and hind tibiae with two pair of larger, 
nearly confluent, but much paler dots; last joint of all tarsi tipped 
with blackish. Wings hyaline with the more transparent, ciliary 
band described above; the veins pale brownish. 

Described from nine females (type and paratypes a to h) reared from 
a Lecanium on Japanese persimmon, Millheim, Texas, April 24 to May 
12, 1896 (J. H. Krancher), Insectary No. 7042°. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18368, U.S.N.M. 


12. APHYCUS PHYSOKERMIS, new species. 


Figs. 13, 42. 


Female.—Front and vertex a little less than twice as long as wide; 
ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair usually 
slightly nearer each other than either to the anterior ocellus, and 
about one-half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal 
scrobes shallow and broad; eyes nearly bare. Antennal scape three 
times as long as wide, widest across the middle; pedicel nearly as long 
as the first four funicle joints combined; first four funicle joints of 
equal length, increasing very slightly in width, all but the first dis- 
tinctly wider than long, last two joints subequal in length and width, 
decidedly longer and wider than the preceding joints, and over twice 
as wide as the first; club oval in shape, rounded at apex, one-fifth 
wider than last funicle joint and nearly as long as the preceding five 
joints combined. Wings uniformly and densely ciliated; oblique 
hairless streak narrowed above and interrupted below, the cut-off 
portion not connecting with the basal streak. Body more robust 
than in allied species, the abdomen considerably wider than the 
thorax; ovipositor very slightly protruding. Length, 0.9 to 1.5 mm. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum dull orange yellow, brighter on the 
head; face, cheeks, and underparts pale lemon yellow, the venter of 
abdomen more gamboge yellow, with a blackish brown infuscation 
on each side of the middle, the center of occiput and the mesosternum 
also dusky; collar of pronotum whitish with a black dot on each 
corner; tegulae yellowish white and broadly marked with brown on 
outer, apical corner; concealed part of pronotum, the metanotum, 
propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the latter with 
lateral margins behind the vibrissae yellowish. Antennal scape 
black with basal third and spot at apex yellowish white; base of 
pedicel, funicle, and basal margin of club black; apex of pedicel and 





no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 607 


most of the club lemon yellow. Legs concolorous with the under- 
parts, the tarsi more brownish yellow with the tip of the last joimt 
blackish; middle tibiae with two broad, interrupted, blackish brown 
annuli, hind tibiae with annuli wider but paler, and on the front 
pair the annuli are reduced to dusky markings. Wings hyaline, 
the veins pale yellowish brown. 

Females vary in the intensity of the tibial markings, the extent 
of the infuscation on the venter, and in some the yellow streak on 
the sides of the dorsum of abdomen is wider and extends anteriorly 
even to the base of abdomen. 

Male-—F¥ront and vertex about one-half longer again than wide, 
ocelli in an equilateral triangle. Antennae as in the female, but 
the scape is much narrower and the club is barely wider than the 
last funicle jomt. Length: 0.8 to 1.0 mm. 

Coloration similar to the female, but the black on abdomen is 
often more intense and the yellow on the sides is reduced and some- 
times obsolete; venter may lack the dusky markings, and the meso- 
notum is sometimes tinted with brownish, especially on the middle 
of the scutum and on the scutellum. 

Described from fourteen females, four males (type, allotype, and 
paratypes @ to p) reared from Physokermes insignicola (Craw), Santa 
Maria, California, April 22-26, 1911, 1912, and November 28 to De- 
cember 11, 1911 (R. C. Wyle). Many additional specimens in 
the author’s collection reared with the above may be considered 
metatypes. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18369, U.S.N.M. 


13. APHYCUS COQUILLETTI Howard. 
Bis. 12. 
Aphycus coquilletti Howarp, Proc. U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 244. 


Female.—Front and vertex twice as long as wide; ocelli in an 
acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-fourth their own 
diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes rather deep and 
narrow and the facial prominence larger and more elevated than 
usually; eyes not pubescent. Antennal scape about one-third as 
wide as long, widest across the middle, the lower margin evenly 
rounded; pedicel a little longer than the first three funicle joints 
combined; first four funicle joints equal in length, the first two 
hardly wider than long, last two joints noticeably longer and wider 
than. the preceding, wider than long, the sixth nearly twice as wide 
as the first joint; club oval, more rounded at apex than at base, 
about one-third wider than the preceding joint and as long as the 
last five funicle jomts combined. Wings narrow, uniformly ciliated; 


608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





oblique hairless streak interrupted below with the cut off portion 
connecting with the distinct basal hairless streak. Length: 0.8 mm. 

Front, vertex, and sides of the occiput cadmium yellow; face and 
cheeks paler with a very pale brownish spot on the lower corners of 
the latter; tegulae except the usual brown spot behind, the entire 
underparts and abdomen pale yellowish, the dorsum of the latter 
brownish in the middle; collar of pronotum white with a brown dot 
on each corner; concealed part of the pronotum and occiput, the 
mesonotum, metanotum, and propodeum blackish brown, the 
mesoscutum fading to yellowish narrowly on the sides. Antennal 
scape black with the base, apex, and line on upper margin broadly 
white; base of pedicel, first four funicle joints, and club blackish 
brown, the latter becoming yellowish at apex; apex of pedicel and 
last two funicle joints pale yellowish. Legs concolorous with the 
underparts, with two narrow, interrupted brown annuli on the tibiae, 
nearly obsolete on the front pair; apex of last joint of the tarsi dusky. 
Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish, 

Redescribed from two females (cotypes), Los Angeles, California 
(D. W. Coquillett). 

One female reared from Pulvinaria bigeloviae Cockerell, Murray, 
Utah, June 2, 1913 (P. H. Timberlake), differs from cotypes as fol- 
lows: All dark markings more intense or nearly pure black; upper 
part of cheeks and sides of occiput concolorous with front and vertex; 
the spot on lower corners of cheeks next to the mandibles large and 
blackish; sides of the mesoscutum hardly paler; dorsum of abdomen 
very dilute blackish brown, with the sides behind vibrissae pale 
yellowish; venter of abdomen more grey than yellowish and becom- 
ing fuscous at the middle; tibial bands of legs not interrupted and 
blacker. Length: 0.9 mm. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5041, U.S.N.M. 
14. APHYCUS MELANOSTOMATUS, new species. 
Figs. 18, 53. 


Encyrius punctipes Daman (part), Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 41, 1820, 
= olile 
Sane punctipes, var. 2°, Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., vol. 2, 1834, p. 202. 
Female.—Front and vertex about one-third longer again than wide; 
ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair slightly 
farther apart than either to the anterior ocellus, and about their own 
diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes indistinct, the face 
being almost evenly concave with a slight prominence between the 
bases. of the antenne; eyes covered with a short but dense pubes- 
cence. Antennal scape about one-half as wide as long, widest across 
the middle; pedicel as long as the first two joints of funicle and one- 
half of the third combined; first four funicle joints subequal in length, 


No. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 609 


the first slightly longer and increasing slightly in width, the last 
two wider than the preceding and longer, the fifth especially longer 
and about as long as wide, the sixth wider than long and about twice 
as wide as the first jomt; club oval, rather rounded at apex, about 
one-third wider again than preceding jomt and a little longer than 
the last three funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly and densely 
ciliated; oblique hairless streak interrupted below, the cut-off portion, 
not reaching posterior margin of wing. Length, 0.7 to 1.5 mm. 

Front, vertex, upper part of face above lower corners of eyes and 
mesonotum deep orange yellow, the latter slightly darker and often 
with a curved, faint blackish line on each side of the base of the 
scutum; face and cheeks yellowish white, with the black of the 
occiput extending broadly on to the lower corners of the cheeks and 
as a narrow brown band entirely across the oral margin of face; 
occiput, except the orange yellow upper rim and yellowish white 
sides above, concealed portion of pronotum, the metanotum, pro- 
podeum, and dorsum of the abdomen dull black, the latter with the 
margins behind the vibrissae white; pronotal collar whitish with a 
brown. dot on each corner; tegulae, except for a brown spot on poste- 
rior margin, and the underparts sordid yellowish white, the venter 
of the abdomen dusky in the middle. Antennal scape black with a 
narrow line on upper margin and a roundish spot on lower, basal 
corner of the outer surface yellowish white; basal third of pedicel, 
first three and a part of fourth funicle joint, and club blackish; rest 
of antenna yellowish white. Legs yellowish white; all tibiae with two 
blackish annuli; and last joint of the tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, 
the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—Front and vertex wider than long; ocelli in an obtuse- 
angled triangle, the posterior pair fully their own diameter from the 
eye margin. Antennal scape much narrower than in the female, 
about three times as long as wide; pedicel a trifle shorter than the 
first funicle joint; all funicle joints subequal in length, increasing 
slightly in width, the first distinctly longer than wide, others about 
as wide as long; club narrow and rather pointed at apex, no wider 
than the preceding joint and a trifle longer than the last two funicle 
joints combined; flagellum on the whole long, slender and thickly 
pubescent. Length, 1.0 to 1.15 mm. 

Vertex, occiput, a greater part of cheeks and lower margin of face, 
concealed part of pronotum, most of notum of thorax and the abdo- 
men. including venter black or blackish brown, being nearly pure, 
dull black on the notum and shading into yellowish on the sides of 
the scutum; front orange yellow; greater part of face, cheeks next to 
the eyes, collar of pronotum, tegulae and underparts of thorax 
yellowish white, the collar having a black dot on each corner, and the 
tegule a brown spot on the posterior margin. Antennae pale yel- 

10600°—Proe.N.M.vol.50—16——39 


610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





lowish brown, the lower side of scape and apex of pedicel paler. Legs 
and wings as in female. 

Described from fourteen females, eleven males (type, allotype, and 
paratypes @ to w) reared from a Lecaniwm on linden, Ermelunden, 
Sealand, Denmark, June, 1906 (J. P. Kryger). The following mate- 
rial, which may be considered as metatypes, also examined: Many 
specimens of both sexes reared with the above types, preserved in 
alcohol; seven males ‘reared from a Lecanium on oak, Dyrehaven, 
Sena, Denmark, July 12, 1907 (J. P. Kryger). Goloninien of all 
the above specimens méluding the types has been modified to some 
extent by long immersion in alcohol, the face and cheeks especially 
having been discolored so as to resemble the front with a shght 
pinkish tinge. Also one female, one male on “minutien nadeln” with- 
out data, determined by Mayr as A. punctipes, the female having a 
narrow cross band of white on the orange-colored or upper part of 
face; and seven females, seventeen males reared from Lecanvwm 
fuscum (Gmelin) on oak, England, June, 1890 (WJ. W. Douglas), the 
females having the mesoscutum behind the transverse lines and the 
scutellum more dusky than usually. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18371, U.S.N.M. 


15. APHYCUS LOUNSBURYI Howard. 
Fig. 24. 
Aphycus lounsburyi Howarp, U.S.Nat.Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 244. 


Female.—Front and vertex apparently (being much shrunken in 
cotypes) nearly three times as long as wide; ocelli in an acute-angled 
triangle, the posterior pair close to the eye margin; antennal scrobes 
broad and shallow; eyes nearly nonpubescent. Antennal scape 
about one-third as wide as long, widest just beyond the middle; 
pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints combined; first four 
funicle joints of nearly equal length, wider than long and hardly 
increasing in width, last two joints considerably longer and wider, 
the sixth a trifle longer than the fifth, both a little wider than long; 
club oval, rounded at apex, about one-third wider than the preceding 
joint and a little longer than the last four funicle jomts combined. 
Wings uniformly ciliated; the oblique hairless streak but little 
wider below, interrupted, the cut-off portion separated from the 
basal hairless streak on the posterior margin of wing. Length: 
0.7 mm. 

Front and vertex bright orange yellow; face, cheeks, and under 
parts pale yellowish; mesonotum dusky orange yellow; concealed 
part of the occiput and the pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum, 
and dorsum of abdomen brown; collar of pronotum and. tegulae 
sordid whitish, the former with a minute, blackish dot on each corner, 


— 


ae 


ee 


no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GHNUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 611 


the latter with the posterior margin pale brown. Antennal scape 
black with a very narrow line on upper margin, the apex and a broad 
band on the basal third of the lower margin white; base of pedicel, 
first four funicle joints and club black; apical two-thirds of pedicel, 
last two funicle joints and sometimes the underside of the third and 
fourth joints white. Legs pale yellowish; middle tibiae with a 
pair of distinct, brown dots near base, another pair at the middle, 
and a narrow, brown annulus at the apex; hind tibiae similar, but 
the markings fainter; front tibiae with the apical annulus faint and 
the two pair of dots replaced by a large but faint brownish blotch 
on the anterior or upper surface; last joint of the tarsi faintly black- 
ish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Redeserihed from three females (cotypes) in poor condition, 
reared from Saissetia oleae (Bernard), Cape Town, South Africa (C. P. 
Lounsbury). The fourth cotype has been lost by dropping from the 
card point. 

The following material also examined: Seven females, one male 
reared from the same host, Cape Colony, South Africa (C. P. Louns- 
bury), and two females from the same host and locality (through 
H. 8. Smith), California State Insectary No. 655cep. 

The females differ from the types as follows: Front and vertex 
varying from twice to nearly two and one-half times as long as wide; 
ocelli in an equilateral triangle or nearly so, but in three specimens in 
a more or less acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one- 
fourth their own diameter from eye margin. Ovipositor protruded 
about one-tenth the length of abdomen. Length: 1.4 mm. 

Coloration nearly as in types but the front, vertex, and mesonotum 
uniformly dark orange yellow, but the dark parts nearly black instead 
of brown; dorsum of abdomen with the lateral margins narrowly 
whitish posterior to the vibrissae half way to the apex, and the 
anterior corners of the basal tergites invaded by the whitish of the 
venter; tibial bands and dots heavier and blackish and with an ad- 
ditional dot at the knee joint. 

Male.—¥ront and vertex a little less than twice as long as wide; 
ocelli in an equilateral triangle. Antennal scape narrower than in 
the female and the club smaller or no longer than the last three 
funicle jomts combined. Wings as in the female, but the cut-off 
portion of the oblique hairless streak larger and connecting with a 
branch of the basal hairless streak on the posterior border of wing. 
Length: 1.3 mm. 

Coloration as in the female, except that the front and vertex are 
bright sulphur yellow, with the face and cheeks but slightly paler; 
marginal pale streak on abdomen wider and more yellowish with a 
narrow, more brownish extension reaching the apex. Antenna as in 


612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


the female, except that the dark parts of the flagellum are brown 
instead of black. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5042, U.S.N.M. 


16. APHYCUS PUNCTIPES (Dalman). 


Encyrtus punctipes Datman, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 41, 1820, p. 154, 
pl. 8, fig. 60. 

Aphycus punctipes Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, vol. 25, 1876, pp. 696,697. 

Microterys punctipes Taomson, Hym. Skand., vol. 4, 1876, p. 168. 


No authentic specimens of this species have been studied, and its 
position in the synoptic table was determined solely from the de- 
scriptions of Dalman and Mayr. Under this name, however, in the 
United States National Museum were found four distinct species, 
three from Europe determined by Walker and Mayr. ‘Two of these 
are described in this paper as new under the names of melanostomatus 
and mayri. The third species, also apparently is not punctipes 
(Dalman), and is closely related to lichtensiae Howard from Ceylon. 
The fourth species under this name was determined by Ashmead, and 
the single specimen from South Kirtland, Ohio, has been made a 
paratype of rileyi, new species. It is needless to add that Ashmead’s 
record of punctipes from North America is unreliable. 


17, APHYCUS ALBOPLEURALIS Ashmead. 
Fig. 22. 
Aphycus albopleuralis AsumEaD, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 12, 1904, p. 155. 


Female.—Front and vertex one and one-half times longer than 
wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about one- 
fourth their own diameter from the eye margin; eyes nearly smooth, 
but the front and vertex with a sparse pubescence. Antennal scape 
nearly one-half as wide as long, widest across the middle; pedicel as 
long as the first three funicle joints combined; funicle joints of nearly 
equal length, the last two slightly longer, all wider than long and 
increasing in width so that the sixth is twice as wide as the first; 
club broadly oval, subtruncate at apex, about one-fourth wider than 
preceding joint and nearly as long as the last four joints of funicle 
combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrow 
throughout, interrupted below, the cut-off portion small and con- 
necting with a branch of the basal streak, the latter extends forward 
on posterior margin to point opposite the stigmal vein. Length: 
1.5 to 1.6 mm. 

Front, vertex, mesonotum, mentanotum, and propodeum bright 
orange yellow; face, cheeks, occiput, and underparts pale yellowish 
white; a blackish oval spot on the concealed part of the pronotum; 
collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, the former with a minute, 
pale brownish dot on each corner; dorsum of abdomen brown at the 


* % 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 613 





center and base, the margins posterior to the vibrissae broadly yellow 
and anterior to the vibrissae more yellowish brown. Antennal scape 
black, with base, apex and a narrow line on dorsal margin white; 
base of pedicel, first four funicle joints, and club brown, the funicle 
joints paler on the upper side, especially the third and fourth; rest of 
antenna yellowish white. Legs pale yellowish white with the last 
joint of the tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—Not known. 

Redescribed from four females (two of them cotypes) from Gifu, 
Japan (Y. Nawa). 

Type.—Cat. No. 7176, U.S.N.M. 


18. APHYCUS KINGI, new species. 


Fig. 5. 


Female.—Front and vertex nearly twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about one-half their own 
diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and shallow, 
the facial promimence but slightly elevated; eyes nearly bare. An- 
tennal scape about one-half as wide as long, widest across the middle; 
pedicel only a little longer than the first two funicle joints combined ; 
first four funicle joints subequal in length, the last two longer, the 
‘first three hardly wider than long, the next three increasing in width 
so that the sixth is about twice as wide as the first; club oval, sub- 
truncate at apex, nearly a third wider again than the preceding joint 
and as long as the last three funicle jomts combined. Wings nearly 
uniformly ciliated but a triangular area beneath the lower third of 
the oblique hairless streak with the cilia less dense; oblique hairless 
streak extends uninterrupted from the stigmal vein to the posterior 
margin of wing. Length: 1.0 mm. 

Front, vertex, upper rim of occiput, and mesonotum orange yellow; 
face, cheeks, sides of occiput, and entire underparts sordid yellowish 
white, with the venter of abdomen more dusky; concealed part of 
occiput and pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum and dorsum of 
abdomen uniformly blackish brown; collar of pronotum and tegule 
yellowish white, the former with a small brownish dot on each corner, 
and the posterior third of the latter pale brown. Antennal scape 
black with the extreme base, apex, and a very narrow line on the 
upper margin yellowish white; pedicel, except the dorsal, apical mar- 
gin, the first two funicle joints, and a part of the third, and club 
blackish brown; rest of antenna yellowish white. Legs uniformly 
yellowish white with the last joint of the tarsi blackish. Wings 
hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—Not known. 


614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Described from three females (type and paratypes a and 6) reared 
from Pulvinaria species, Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1889 (Geo. B. 
King), Insectary No. 1844°. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18372, U.S.N.M. 


19. APHYCUS MAYRI, new species. 
Fig. 17. 


Encyrtus punctipes, var. 8B, DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., vol. 41, 1820, 
nods 
Sindy be hedaraceus WALKER (not Westwood), Ent. Mag., vol. 5, 1838, p. 107. 

Female.—Front and vertex about one and three-fourths times 
as long as wide; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair 
one-half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes 
shallow; front, vertex, and eyes with a sparse, fine pubescence. 
Antennae and wings very nearly as in A. albopleuralis Ashmead, but 
the club is proportionately a little wider, and the basal hairless 
streak on posterior margin of wing extends but a short distance be- 
yond the end of the oblique hairless streak. Length: 1.0 to 1.2 mm. 

Front and vertex orange yellow, the mesonotum clay yellow; 
face, cheeks, and occiput colored nearly like the front and vertex but 
more pinkish (apparently discolored by immersion in alcohol, in 
life probably paler yellow); underparts pale yellow; concealed part - 
of pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen 
brownish black, the latter narrowly margined with yellowish-white 
posterior to the vibrissae; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish 
with the usual pale brown markings. Antennal scape black with 
base, apex, and line on the dorsal margin whitish; base of pedicel 
black, apical half yellowish white; first two funicle joints and club 
black, third funicle joint brown, and the last three yellowish white. 
Legs concolorous with the underparts, unmarked except that the 
middle and hind tibiae have a brown dot at the knee joint, and the 
last joint of the tarsi blackish, wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. 

Male.—Front and vertex but little longer than wide; ocelli in a 
right-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-fourth their own 
diameter from the eye margin. Antennae nearly as in the female, 
the principal difference being that the scape is only about one-third 
as wide as long. Length: 0.8 to 1.1 mm. 

Front orange yellow, the vertex blackish across the posterior 
ocelli; face, cheeks, and sides of the mesoscutum pale yellowish, a 
vertical brown band on cheeks descending nearly to the mandibles; 
most of the occiput, concealed part of the pronotum, the mesonotum 
except the sides of mesoscutum, and the rest of the upper parts 
brownish black, the dorsum of abdomen haying a wide yellow margin 
posterior to the vibrissae; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish 
marked with pale brown in the usual manner. Antennae brown, the 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 615 


scape with a longitudinal, more blackish stripe through middle of the 
outer surface, the base and the dorsal, inner margin yellowish white, 
the pedicel becoming yellowish white on upper side at apex. Legs as 
in the female except that the tibiae have a faint dusky shading on 
their outer surface. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. 

Described from nineteen females, seven males (type, allotype, and 
paratypes a to 2) reared from Lecanium coryli (Linnaeus), Dyrehaven, 
Sealand, Denmark, June, 1906 (J. P. Kryger). The following meta- 
types also examined: Four females swept from grass, Gentofte, 
July 13, 1905; six females, five males reared from a Lecanium on 
linden, Dyrehaven, June 16, 1906; and two females, one male reared 
from the same host, Ermelunden, June, 1906, all localities in Sea- 
land, Denmark (J. P. Kryger). Also one female, one male badly 
broken, labeled “Germany” and determined by Mayr as A. punctipes. 

The synonymy given above can be verified only by the examina- 
tion of material in the European collections, but is presumably cor- 
rect. Walker’s description of hederaceus agrees fairly well with the 
male of this species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 18373, U.S.N.M. 


20. APHYCUS LICHTENSIAE Howard. 
Figs. 14, 41. 
Aphycus lichtensiae Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, 1896, p. 640. 

Female.—Front and vertex about three times as long as wide; 
ocelli in a very acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair close to 
eye margin; antennal scrobes shallow and broad; front and vertex 
thickly pubescent, the eyes with a short, sparse pile. Antennal 
scape about one-third as wide as long, widest just beyond the middle; 
pedicel a trifle longer than the first three funicle joints combined; 
first four funicle joints of nearly equal length, the fifth about twice 
as long, the sixth somewhat shorter than the fifth, all wider than 
long except the fifth and increasing gradually in width distad; club 
oval, rounded at apex, about one-third wider than the preceding 
joint and as long as the last four joints of funicle combined. Wings 
uniformly and densely ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrowed 
above and not nearly reaching the stigmal vein, interrupted below 
with the cut-off portion widely separated from the posterior margin 
of wing. Length: 1.2 mm. 

Front and vertex bright orange yellow; face and cheeks pale rose 
color (this coloration undoubtedly due to immersion in alcohol at 
some former time, the original color probably some shade of yellow 
paler than vertex or notum), a narrow streak of blackish brown on 
lower corners of cheeks continued across the oral margin of face; 
mesonotum pale orange yellow with a transverse blackish brown line 
on each side of the base of the scutum; concealed part of occiput 


616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





and pronotum, the posterior half of metanotum, propodeum, and 
dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the margins of the latter behind 
the vibrissae sordid creamy white; collar of pronotum, tegulae, and 
entire under parts sordid whitish, the collar with a blackish brown 
dot on each corner, and the tegulae with a pale brown spot on the 
middle of the posterior margin; metascutum orange brown, and a 
narrow line on the anterior margin of the metapostnotum whitish. 
Antennal scape blackish brown, the inner surface with a narrow, 
yellowish white line on the dorsal margin including base and apex 
and nearly interrupted just beyond the middle, outer surface the 
same but the apex more broadly yellowish white and a streak of 
the same color on the lower margin near base; base of pedicel and 
club blackish brown; first four funicle joints brownish, last two and 
apex of pedicel yellowish white. Legs pale yellowish, all tibiae with 
three blackish brown, rather broad annuli, the third band at apex 
and on the hind pair reduced to a spot on the outer surface, the 
middle and hind tibiae with an additional dot on outer surface 
at the knee joint; last joint of the tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, 
but the dense ciliation imparts a slight duskiness; the veins pale 
yellowish. 

Male.—¥ront and vertex two and one-half times as long as wide; 
ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair nearly touching 
the eye margin. Antennal scape about four times as long as wide, 
widest across the middle, the lower margin slightly rounded; pedicel 
a little shorter than the first three funicle joints combined; first four 
funicle joints of equal length and increasing slightly in width, last 
two somewhat longer and wider, all noticeably wider than long 
except the first; club oval and rather pointed at apex, hardly wider 
than the last funicle joint and about as long as the last four preceding 
joints combined. Length: 1.1 mm. 

Coloration similar to that of the female, but the posterior half of 
vertex brown and the mesonotum dusky in the middle, sometimes 
almost the entire scutellum and the scutum behind the transverse 
lines dusky, the lateral streaks on the dorsum of the abdomen shorter 
and more yellowish. Antennae paler, the scape yellowish, with the 
dorsal and ventral margins narrowly brown; base of pedicel and club 
brown; first five funicle joints pale brown, becoming pale distad, the 
sixth joint and apical half of pedicel yellowish. 

Redescribed from five females, three males (cotypes), reared from 
Iichtensia species, Punduloya, Ceylon (EK. E. Green), Insectary No. 
6909°!, 

Type.—Cat. No. 3259, U.S.N.M. 


no. 2186. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 617 


21. APHYCUS RUSTI, new species. 


Female.—¥ront and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-half their own 
diameter from the eye margin; eyes almost without pubescence. 
Antennal scape about one-third as wide as long, widest across the 
middle; pedicel as long as the first three funicle jomts combined; 
funicle joints all wider than long, increasing gradually in width so 
that the sixth is about twice as wide as the first, the first four of equal 
length, the last two about one-fourth longer than the preceding; 
club oval, obtusely rounded at apex, about one-fourth wider than 
the preceding joint and as long as the last four funicle joints com- 
bined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened 
below and extending nearly to the posterior margin of disk, with a 
barely cut-off portion connecting with a branch of the basal hairless 
streak. Ovipositor protruded slightly, or about one-tenth the length 
of abdomen. Length, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum rather deep orange yellow; rest of 
the head and body nearly uniformly pale sulphur yellow; concealed 
part of the pronotum hardly with a trace of blackish in type, but 
with a blackish band in the three paratypes; dorsum of abdomen with 
a basal, inconspicuous pale brownish cross band. Antennal scape 
black with base, apex, and line on dorsal margin yellowish white; 
pedicel brown with the lower side except at base whitish; first four 
funicle joints brown, the last two yellowish white; club blackish 
brown. Legs uniformly pale yellowish, with the last joint of the 
tarsi tipped with blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—F¥ront and vertex somewhat less than twice as long as wide; 
ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about one-third 
their own diameter from the eye margin. Antenna much as in female, 
but scape narrower, varying from a little less than one-third to one- 
fourth as wide as long; pedicel a little shorter, about equal to the 
first two funicle joints and one-half of the third combined; club 
smaller, tapering from the base to the rounded apex, no wider than 
the preceding joint and as long as the last three funicle jomts com- 
bined. Wings asin female. Length, 0.8 to 1.2 mm. 

Coloration nearly as in the female, the concealed part of the 
pronotum blackish and the dorsum of abdomen nearly uniformly pale 
yellow. Antennal scape colored as in female, but the flagellum 
nearly uniformly pale brownish, the underside of the pedicel paler 
or yellowish. Legs and wings as in the female. 

Described from four females, six males (type, allotype, and para- 
types a to h) reared from Pulvinaria species on sweet potato, Sullana, 
Piura, Peru, February 23 to March 6, 1912 (KE. W. Rust), all mounted 
in balsam. Received from Messrs. C. H. T. Townsend and E. W. 


618 PROOREDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. eateane 


Rust under their number 35° 3h, and one female and male returned 
(paratypes g and h). 
Type.—Cat. No. 18374, U.S.N.M. 


22, APHYCUS PULVINARIAE Howard. 
Figs. 15, 23 43. 
Aphycus pulvinariae Howard Rep. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1881, p. 365. 


Female.—Front and vertex about twice to two and one-fourth 
times as long as wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior 
pair about one-fourth to one-half their own diameter from the eye 
margin; antennal scrobes shallow and rather broad; eyes moderately 
to rather thickly pubescent, the pile very short and fine. Antennal 
scape varying from somewhat less than one-half to about one-third as 
wide as long, widest near the middle and usually a little wider than 
the club; pedicel about as long as the first three funicle joints com- 
bined; first four funicle joints subequal in length, the last two 
a little longer, first three hardly wider than long, the succeeding 
joints increasingly wider, the sixth about twice as wide as the first; 
club oval, bluntly rounded at apex, about one-fourth wider than the 
last funicle joint and as long as the last four combined. Wings uni- 
formly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrowed above and inter- 
rupted below, the cut-off portion indistinctly connecting with the 
basal hairless streak. Length, 0.75 to 1.1 mm. 

Front, vertex and mesonotum orange yellow; face, cheeks, upper 
rim and sides of occiput, collar of pronotum, tegulae and underparts 
pale yellowish, the collar with a blackish brown dot on each corner, 
and the tegulae with a pale brown spot on the posterior margin; con- 
cealed part of the occiput and pronotum, the metanotum, propodeum, 
and dorsum of abdomen brown to blackish brown, the sides of the 
latter narrowly to broadly pale yellowish, or the metanotum, propo- 
deum, dorsum of abdomen and most of the occiput may vary to 
entirely yellowish. Antennal scape black with the base and apex 
more or less broadly and a narrow line on the dorsal margin white; 
base of pedicel, first, two to four funicle joints and club black or 
blackish brown, the apex of club often paler or even yellowish; 
rest of antenna yellowish white. Legs pale yellowish; tibiae with 
two pairs of dots near base and at middle, or with only the basal pair, 
rarely with none, the dots when present varying from brown to 
blackish; tip of the last joint of the tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, 
the veins pale brownish. 

Male.—F¥ront and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; 
ocelli in an equilateral triangle or nearly so. Antennae much as in 
the female, but the scape narrower, hardly expanded in the middle, 
about four times longer than wide, and the club smaller or about as 
long as the last three funicle joints. Length, 0.5 to 0.8 mm. 





no. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 619 





Coloration as in female, but the metanotum and dorsum of abdo- 
men usually blacker and varying only in the width of the marginal 
yellow streak onthe abdomen; tibiae dotted in all specimens exam- 
ined but in some more faintly. Antennae brown, the scape darker 
with base and apex pale or whitish, apex of pedicel yellowish, and the 
sixth funicle joint rarely paler. 

Redescribed from the following material: Two females (cotypes) 
reared from Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus), Davenport, Iowa (J. D. 
Putnam); six females, three males, Fort Assinniboine, Montana, April 
25, 1890 (H. G. Hubbard); six females, two males, reared from 
Pulvinaria on plum, Florence, South Carolina, or Fayetteville, North 
Carolina (notes not indicating which place), May 21-26, 1894, Insec- 
tary No. 6222°;. one female, four males, reared from Lecanium on 
wild goose plum, Charlottesville, Virginia, May 16-20, 1890 (C. H. 
Hedges); six females, one male, reared from Lecanium fletcheri Cock- 
erell, Ottawa, Canada, June 25, 1895 and 1896 (James Fletcher); one 
female, one male, reared from Lecaniwm on plum, Wooster, Ohio, 
June 22, 1895 (I. M. Webster); three females, Jacksonville, Florida 
(W. H. Ashmead), two of them erroneously labeled as types of 
Aphycus annulipes (Ashmead), Cat. No. 4751, U.S.N.M., the third 
labeled cotype; nine femaies, five males, reared from Lecanium on 
Japanese persimmon, Millheim, Texas, April 24-28, 1896 (J. H. 
Krancher); three females reared from Pulvinaria acericola (Walsh 
and Riley), Mount Alto, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1913 (F. L. Simanton); 
three females reared from the same host, Agricultural College, Missis- 
sippl (G. W. Herrick); two females reared from Pulvinaria species, 
Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1889 (Geo. B. King); four females, one 
male, reared from Lecanwum cerasifer Fitch, College Station, Texas 
(C. E. Sanborn); one female, Myrtle, Georgia, May, 1906 (A. A. 
Girault); one male reared from Lecanium species, St. Anthonys Park, 
Minnesota (KF. L. Washburn); four females, one male, reared from 
Lecanium corni Bouché on ash, Guelph, Ontario, June 9, 1907 (T. D. 
Jarvis); five females reared from Lecanium on sycamore, Columbus, 
Ohio, June 2, 1905 (EK. C. Colton); five females, three males, reared 
from Lecanium corni Bouché and a Pulvinaria on willow, Columbus, 
Ohio, May 20, 1906 (R. W. Harned); one female, one male, Salem, 
Ohio; two females, one male, reared from Lecanium cerasifex Fitch, 
Columbus, Kansas, May 11, 1903 (W. J. Moore); and three males 
reared from Pulvinaria vitis (Linnaeus) on box elder, Salt Lake City, 
Utah, August 3-10, 1913 (P. H. Timberlake). The third cotype has 
apparently been lost. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2611, U.S.N.M. 





620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





23. APHYCUS CLAVIGER, new species. 
Figs. 25, 44. 


Female.—Front and vertex a little over twice as long as wide; 
ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-fourth 
their own diameter from the eye margin; eyes with a fine, short 
pubescence. Antennal scape about two and one-half times longer 
than wide, widest just beyond the middle and a little narrower than 
the club; pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints combined; 
funicle joints two to five of equal length, the first a trifle longer and 
the sixth but little longer than the first, all increasing gradually in 
width so that the sixth is nearly twice as wide as the first, and all 
but the first wider than long; club oval, rounded at apex, nearly 
twice as wide as the last funicle jomt and a little longer than the 
five preceding joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique 
hairless streak narrowed above and almost obliterated on the lower 
half, the cut-off portion being very small and widely separated both 
from the upper portion and from the posterior margin of wing. 
Length, 0.8 mm. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum orange yellow; face, cheeks, and 
entire underparts sordid pale yellowish; collar of pronotum and tegu- 
lae whitish, the former with the blackish dot on each corner connect- 
ing with the blackish coloration on the concealed part of the prono- 
tum, the tegulae unmarked; concealed part of occiput and pronotum 
blackish brown; metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen 
brown, the latter with the lateral margins yellowish, especially behind 
the vibrissac. Antennal scape black with the base and apex yellow- 
ish white; basal half of pedicel black, the apex orange yellow; first 
three funicle joints blackish brown, the last three orange yellow; club 
black, shading into orange yellow on the apical half. Legs pale 
yellowish, with the last joint of the tarsi brownish. Wings hyaline, 
the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; 
ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about one-fourth 
their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennal scape hardly 
expanded below, about three times as long as wide; pedicel as long 
as the first four funicle joints combined; first five funicle joints sub- 
equal in length, the sixth considerably longer, all increasing shghtly 
in width so that the sixth is about one-third wider again than the 
first and all wider than long; club oval, rather pointed at apex, 
about one-third wider than the preceding joint and nearly as long as 
the funicle. Wings have the oblique hairless streak more prominent 
than in the female, the cut-off portion being of usual size but not 
reaching the posterior margin of wing. Length, 0.7 mm. 


no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 621 





Front orange yellow shading into brownish black on vertex; occi- 
put, most of cheeks, and entire upper parts of thorax and abdomen, 
including the pronotal collar, brownish black; face and underparts 
sordid yellowish; tegulac yellowish at base and blackish brown on 
the posterior half. Antennal scape pale yellowish, with the dorsal 
and ventral margins except at base pale brown; pedicel brown, with 
the apex yellowish; funicle and club uniformly brown. Legs and 
wings as in the female. 

Described from two females, one male (type, allotype, and para- 
type), Auckland, New Zealand. ‘This species is most closely related 
to albertt Howard. 

Type.—Cat. No. 18375, U.S.N.M. 





24. APHYCUS MACULIPES Howard. 
Fig. 16. 


Aphycus maculipes Howarp, Bull. No. 5, old ser., U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., 
1885, p. 18. 
Aphycus flaviceps Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 246. 


Female.—Front and vertex about two and one-half times longer 
than wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about 
one-half to nearly their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal 
scrobes rather deep and the facial prominence well developed; front 
and vertex with rather abundant long pile, the eyes sparsely to 
thickly pubescent, the pile very short and fine. Antennal scape 
nearly one-half as wide as long, widest across the middle; pedicel as 
long as the first three funicle joints combined; first four funicle joints 
of nearly equal length, the fifth one-third longer and the sixth a 
little shorter than the fifth, the first three about as long as wide, the 
fourth and sixth wider than long, the fifth longer than wide, the last 
not quite twice as wide as the first; club oval, rounded at apex, 
somewhat wider than the last funicle joint and a little longer than 
the last three combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless 
streak narrowed above and interrupted below, the cut-off portion 
small, round, and connecting with a branch of the basal hairless 
streak which extends forward on the posterior margin of wing to the 
angulation opposite the stigmal vein. Length, 0.9 to 1.4 mm. 

Front, vertex and mesonotum bright orange yellow; face, cheeks 
and occiput sulphur yellow, the center of occiput dusky; underparts 
entirely pale straw yellow; collar of pronotum and tegulae sordid 
white, the former with a black dot on each corner and the latter with 
a brown spot on the posterior margin; concealed part of the pronotum, 
most of the metapostnotum, the propodeum and dorsum of abdomen 
blackish brown, the lateral margin of the latter paler and changing to 
astraw yellow streak behind the vibrissae; almost the entire metascu- 
tum and the anterior margin of the metapostnotum sulphur yellow; 


622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSRUM. von. 50. 





in one specimen, however, the metanotum, propodeum and dorsum of 
abdomen are almost entirely yellowish with but a slight trace of 
brown. Antennal scape black with apex, base and a narrow line on 
inner surface of dorsal margin white; pedicel blackish brown whitish 
only on upper, apical corner; first two funicle joints, most of the third 
and a part of the fourth blackish brown, the dark coloration gradually 
fading to the yellowish white of the last two joints; club black. Legs 
pale yellowish, the tarsi more brownish yellow with the tip of the last 
joint blackish; tibiae with two pair of brown dots and an additional 
dot at the knee joint, most distinct on the middle legs and nearly 
obsolete on the front pair. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—Structure of head and wings as in female, but the ocelli 
being larger the posterior pair come closer to the eye margin. Anten- 
nal scape about one-fourth as wide as long; pedicel as long as the first 
two and one-half of the third funicle joint; first four funicle joints of 
equal length, the last two subequal and a little longer than the pre- 
ceding, first three hardly wider than long, the last three more dis- 
tinctly transverse, the sixth about twice as wide as the first; club 
oval, obtusely rounded at apex, hardly wider than the preceding joint 
and as long as the last three funicle joints combined. Length, 0.8 to 
1.1 mm. 

Coloration nearly as in female, but the front sulphur yellow instead 
of orange; band on occiput above the neck blackish; pale streak on 
sides of abdomen a little wider, deeper yellow and more distinctly 
enclosing the vibrissal plate. Antennal scape with the white more 
extensive, leaving an oval black spot on the expanded portion; pedicel 
funicle and club nearly uniformly brown, the apex of pedicel whitish 
and the last two funicle joints slightly paler. Wings and legs as in 
the female, but the tibial dots are paler. 

Redescribed from the following material: Two females, one male 
(cotypes, the second male type apparently lost), reared from Lecaniuwm 
species on Quercus aquatica, Bluffton, South Carolina, May 7, 1883 (Dr. 
J. H. Mellichamp); three males (cotypes of A. flaviceps Howard, 
U.S.N.M., Cat. No. 5049, two of them badly broken), reared from a 
Lecanium species, Champaign, Illinois (W. G. Johnson); one female 
reared from Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, Nuevo Laredo, Mexico, 
January 4, 1895, Insectary No. 2326° and another female without data 
but probably reared with the preceding. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2644, U.S.N.M. 


25. APHYCUS CALIFORNICUS Howard. 
Fig. 21. 
Aphycus californicus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 246. 


Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in an 
acute-angled triangle, the lateral pair about one-fourth their own diam- 
eter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and shallow, eyes 


> 


no. 2136. RHVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. G20 





with a moderately thick but fine, short pubescence. Antennal scape 
about two and one-fourth times longer than wide, widest across the 
middle; pedicel as long as the first four funicle joints combined; first 
four funicle jaints subequal in length and wider than long, the last 
two considerably longer, the fifth nearly twice as long as the preceding, 
all joints gradually increasing in width so that the sixth is nearly 
twice as wide as the first; club oval, obliquely rounded at apex, one- 
third wider than the preceding joint and about as long as the last 
five funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique 
hairless streak narrowed above and interrupted below, the cut-off 
portion more or less connecting with a branch of the basal hairless 
streak. Length: 0.7 to 0.9 mm. 

Front, vertex and mesonotum orange yellow; face and cheeks paler 
yellow, the latter with a large blackish brown blotch next to the 
mandibles and connecting with the dark coloration of the occiput; 
tegulae and underparts sordid yellowish white, the former with a 
brown spot on the posterior margin and the venter of abdomen dusky 
in the middle; collar of pronotum whitish with a blackish brown dot 
on each corner; concealed part of occiput and pronotum, the metano- 
tum, propodeum and dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the latter 
fading to yellowish white on the sides behind the vibrissae. Antennal 
scape black with base, apex and a narrow line on dorsal margin yellow- 
ish white; base of pedicel, first three or four funicle joints and club 
blackish; rest of antenna yellowish white. Legs pale yellowish white, 
the tibiae with two narrow, interrupted blackish brown annuli nearly 
obsolete on the front pair, and the last joint of the tarsi tipped with 
blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. 

Male.—Not known. It is probable, however, that oregonensis will 
prove to be the male of this species. 

Redescribed from two females (cotypes) reared from a Lecanium 
on Adenostoma fasiculatum, Alameda County, California, June, 1887 
(A. Koebele), Koebele’s No. 252°; and two females reared from 
Lecanwum corn Bouché, Santa Rosa, California, June 15, 1908 (E. M. 
Ehrhorn). The following Eastern specimens hardly differ and must 
be considered to belong here, at least until the species is better known 
from larger series: One female, Oakland, Maryland, July 12; and one 
female reared from Lecanium nigrofasciatum Pergande, Harrisburg, 
Pennsylvania, October 22, 1909 (P. R. Myers), Myers’ No. 269. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5043, U.S.N.M. 


694 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 


26. APHYCUS ANNULIPES (Ashmead). 
Coccophagus annulipes ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., vol. 14, 1882, p. 37. 
Aphycus annulipes Howarp, Bull. No. 5, old ser., U.S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., 
1885, pp. 19, 41. 

Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair nearly their own diameter 
from the eye margin; front, vertex and eyes nearly free from pubes- 
cence. Antennalscape about one-half as wide as long; pedicel as long 
as the first three funicle joints combined; funicle joints as far as can. 
be made out all short and transverse, the sixth about twice as wide as 
the first and apparently hardly longer; club nearly as wide as long 
(after collapsing), rounded at apex, about one-fourth wider than the 
preceding joint and half as long as the funicle; antenna as a whole 
unusually short. Wings of type broken off and lost. Length, 1.2 
mm. (estimated). 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum bright orange yellow; face, cheeks, 
occiput, and underparts yellowish white; concealed part of prono- 
tum, metapostnotum, and dorsum of abdomen (latter according to 
original description) brownish black; collar of pronotum and tegulae 
whitish, the former with a brown dot on each corner, the latter not 
marked. Antennal scape black with the dorsal margin and the base 
and apex more broadly white; base of pedicel and club black; first 
two funicle joints brownish, last four joints and apical half of pedicel 
yellowish white. Legs yellowish white; tibiae with two narrow, pale 
brown annuli, subinterrupted on the front pair, and broken into 
two dots on the middle pair (hind tibiae broken off); middle femora 
with faint brownish dots arranged nearly as on the middle tibiae; 
last joint of the tarsi tipped with blackish. Wings originally de- 
scribed as hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Redescribed from one female (cotype) reared from a Lecanium on 
Quercus aquatica, Jacksonville, Florida, April 17, 1881 (W. H. Ash- 
mead). The second cotype female not found. 

Two other females, Jacksonville, Florida, are labeled as types of 
annulipes under U.S.N.M. Cat. No. 4751, but must be later speci- 
mens and belong to pulvinariae Howard. A third female from the 
same locality, erroneously labeled cotype, is also pulvinariae. 

Type.—Cat. No. 1477, U.S.N.M. 


27, APHYCUS OAXACAE Howard. 
Aphycus oaxacae Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 246. 


Female.—Front and vertex as wide as long; ocelli in a right-angled 
triangle, the posterior pair about one-third of their own diameter 
from the eye margin; antennal scrobes deep and narrow, uniting 
above and together, forming a notch in the anterior margin of the 
front, the facial prominence well elevated; pubescence slight on both 


No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 625 


front and eyes. Antennal scape hardly flattened, slender, reaching 
just to the level of the front and vertex; pedicel of the usual length; 
first funicle joint a little longer than wide, the rest of antenna broken 
off. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrow, inter- 
rupted below, the cut-off portion large and separated from posterior 
margin of disk; basal hairless streak extending halfway from the 
point opposite the end of the oblique streak to the angulation. Ovi- 
positor protruded about one-fifth the length of abdomen. Length, 
1.3 mm., exclusive of the ovipositor. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum brownish orange yellow shading 
into black on the anterior margin of the mesoscutum; face and a nar- 
row band on the upper part of the cheeks next to the eye margin 
creamy white; a transverse band on upper part of face above the 
lower corners of the eyes, a lunate mark between bases of the an- 
tennae, lower two-thirds of cheeks with a narrow line across oral 
margin of the face, and the occiput black; concealed part of pro- 
notum, the metanotum, propodeum, and abdomen black, the venter 
of the latter with a wide submarginal streak of whitish on each side; 
pleura and sternum of thorax yellowish white, with the mesosternum 
and a rather narrow band across the middle of mesopleura brown; 
collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, the former with a large, black 
dot on each corner almost connecting with the black of the center, 
the latter with the posterior margin brown. Antennal scape black, 
with a whitish dot above at apex and a rather narrow, whitish, ob- 
lique band near base; base of pedicel black, the apical third whitish; 
funicle and club originally described as dark brown. Legs yellowish 
white; tibiae with two rather wide, complete brown annuli, indistinct 
on the front pair and with an additional dot at the knee joint; middle 
tibiae with a third band at the apex, but the knee joint hardly marked; 
hind tibiae with an additional dot at the knee joint and the addi- 
tional apical band indistinct. Exposed part of ovipositor brown. 
Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. 

Redescribed from one female (type) collected at Oaxaca, Mexico 
(A. Koebele). 

Type.—Cat. No. 5047, U.S.N.M. 


28. APHYCUS CEROPLASTIS Howard. 
Fig. 30. 
Aphycus ceroplastis Howarp, Bull. No. 5, old ser., U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., 
1885, p. 18. 

Female.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; 
ocelli nearly in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair about one- 
half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes 
rather deep and narrow; eyes nearly smooth. Antennal scape flat- 

10600°—Proc.N.M.vol.50—16——40 


626 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. 50. 


tened on underside, five times longer than wide; pedicel nearly as 
long as the first two and one-half of the third funicle jot; first two 
and last two funicle joints nearly equal in length, the third notice- 
ably longer and the fourth a little shorter, the first two about as 
long as wide, the third longer than wide and the last three wider than 
long, all increasing gradually in width so that the sixth is about 
twice as wide as the first; club oval, rounded at apex, one-third wider 
again than the preceding joint and as long as the last three and one- 
half of the third funicle joint combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; 
oblique hairless streak widened but not interrupted below and con- 
necting with a branch of the basal streak. Ovipositor protruded 
about one-sixth the length of abdomen. Length: 1.1 to 1.4 mm., 
exclusive of ovipositor. 

Head gamboge yellow with the upper half of the center of occiput 
blackish brown and the cheeks with a broad, oblique, pale brown 
band across the middle; concealed part of pronotum, the metanotum, 
propodeum and most of the dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the 
base and sides of the latter anterior to the vibrissae gamboge yellow; 
collar of pronotum whitish with a blackish brown dot on each corner 
almost aways connecting with the brown of the center; mesonotum 
gamboge yellow with the anterior margin of the scutum and the 
entire scutellum blackish brown, or the middle of scutum and the 
axillae also brown shading into the yellow of the sides; most of meso- 
pleura, the metapleura and venter of abdomen brown to blackish 
brown; anterior margin of mesopleura and propleura gamboge yel- 
low; prepectal plates and tegulae yellowish white, the latter brown- 
ish on the apical margin. Antennae pale brown, the scape shading 
into yellowish at base and apex and with a darker brown streak on 
outer surface of apical half; pedicel yellowish at apex and the last 
two funicle joints more or less yellowish; club darker brown but paler 
at apex. Legs gamboge yellow with the tip of the last joint of the 
tarsi blackish. Wings nearly hyaline but marked with a very faint, 
roundish cloud beneath stigmal vein reaching about half way to the 
posterior margin of disk; veins pale yellowish. LExserted part of 
ovipositor gamboge yellow, shading into brownish at apex. 

Male.—Front and vertex about one-fourth longer again than wide; 
ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the posterior pair nearly their own 
diameter from the eye margin. Antennae nearly as in the female, 
but slightly shorter and less robust, the club narrower, hardly wider 
than the preceding joint and about as long as the last three funicle 
joints combined. Length: 0.9 mm. 

Upper parts black, including vertex of head, upper half of occiput 
and all of pronotum except the narrow, white collar, the lateral 
margin of the mesocutum shading into yellowish; front yellow; face, 
lower part of cheeks next to mandibles and lower half of the occiput 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 627 





paler yellow; upper half of cheeks and sides of the head pale brown; 
propleura, prepectal plates and anterior margin of the mesopleura 
pale yellow; rest of mesopleura and the metapleura brown; venter 
of abdomen dusky yellowish. Antenna almost uniformly brown, 
the apical third of pedicel whitish. Legs and wings as in the female. 

Redescribed from eight females, one male (cotypes) reared from 
Ceroplastes species on Artemisia, Silver City, New Mexico, March, 1879 
(H. H. Rusby); two females reared from Ceroplastes irreqularis 
Cockerell, Mesilla Park, New Mexico, October 16, 1896 (C. H. T. 
Townsend); and one female from Mesilla Park, New Mexico, March 
16 (T. D. A. Cockerell). The remaining four females and one male 
from the type series are apparently lost. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2643, U.S.N.M. 


29. APHYCUS MEXICANUS Howard. 





Figs. 32, 49. 
Aphycus mexicanus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol 21, 1898, pp. 241, 247. 


Female.—Front and vertex about two and one-half times longer 
than wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair 
about one-fourth their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal 
scrobes broad and rather deep; eyes rather thickly pubescent with 
a short, fine pile. Antennal scape flattened on the underside, but 
not expanded, about five times longer than wide; pedicel a little 
longer than the first two funicle joints combined; first funicle joint 
small, about one-half as long as the second and as long as wide, the 
second, fourth, and fifth subequal in length and a little longer than 
the third and sixth, all increasing gradually in width so that the 
last is about twice as wide as the first but only the last distinctly 
wider than long, the second being longer than wide; club oval, 
obtusely rounded at apex, about one-fourth wider again than the 
preceding joint and a little longer than the last three funicle joints 
combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak nar- 
rowed above and interrupted below, the cut-off portion connecting 
with a rather indistinct branch of the basal hairless streak; stigmal 
vein longer and slenderer than usually. Ovipositor protruded about 
one-fourth the length of abdomen. Length: 1.4 to 1.5 mm., exclu- 
sive of ovipositor. 

Front, vertex and mesonotum dull orange yellow; face, checks, 
and underparts varying to cadmium yellow with the upper part of 
face usually lemon yellow; center of occiput dusky; concealed part 
of pronotum, the metanotum to a more or less degree, propodeum 
and dorsum of abdomen blackish brown, the lateral and apical mar- 
gins of the latter cadium yellow posterior to the vibrissae; collar of 
pronotum dirty white with a blackish dot on each corner; propleura, 
prepectal plates and tegulae yellowish white, the latter brown on 


628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. 50. 





the posterior margin. Antennal scape yellow on the inner side, 
black on upper margin and the outer surface except at base and apex 
and with an indistinct, median, longitudinal yellowish streak; basal 
two-thirds of pedicel and club black, both shading into yellowish 
at apex; first four funicle joints blackish brown, the fifth dusky at 
base, last two joints otherwise yellow. Legs concolorous with under- 
parts, the tip of last joint of the tarsi blackish. Exserted portion 
of ovipositor cadmium yellow but becoming dusky at apex; wings 
hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—Front and vertex nearly twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
a slightly acute-angled triangle; the posterior pair close to the eye 
margin. Antennae much as in the female, but the first funicle joint 
more than half as long as the second, the second, third, and fourth 
joints subequal in length, the last two a little longer, and the club a 
little narrower than in the female and more tapering toward the apex. 
Length: 0.9 mm. 

Face, cheeks, and front dull orange yellow approaching cadmium 
yellow; vertex, occiput, and upper parts of thorax and abdomen dull 
black; collar of pronotum narrowly whitish with a black dot on each 
corner uniting below with the black of the concealed portion; meso- 
scutum slightly yellowish on each side close to the tegule; tegule 
pale yellowish with their posterior margin brown; under side of tho- 
rax cadmium yellow, the venter of abdomen blackish brown. Anten- 
nal scape brown on the upper side, yellowish below; pedicel brown 
with apex yellowish; funicle and club nearly uniformly brown. Legs 
and wings as in the female. 

Redescribed from nineteen females, five males (cotypes) reared 
from Ceroplastes species, Mexico City, Mexico (C. H. T. Townsend), and 
two females (cotypes) reared from Ceroplastes cirripediformis Com- 
stock, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, December 25, 1897 (H. A. Morgan). 
In reference to the name and larger series Mexico City should be con- 
sidered the type locality. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5050, U.S.N.M. 

30. APHYCUS ERUPTOR Howard. 
Figs. 31, 50. 
Aphycus eruptor Howarp, Rep. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1881, p. 364, pl. 23, 
fig. 5. 

Female.—Front and vertex about two and one-half times longer 
than wide; ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair ebout 
one-half their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes 
rather shallow and broad; eyes with a very fine, sparse pubescence. 
Antennal scape flattened below but not expanded, about five times 
longer than wide; pedicel as long as the first two and one-half of the 
third funicle joint; first funicle joint small and roundish, a little wider 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THRE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKR. 629 





than long, following joints longer with the second and sixth a little 
shorter than the others, all increasing gradually in width so that the 
last is twice as wide as the first joint, but only the sixth is considerably 
wider than long; club oval, rounded at apex, about one-third wider 
than the preceding joint and as long as the last three funicle joints 
combined. Wings asin mexicanus. Ovipositor protruded about one- 
fifth the length of abdomen. Length: 1.1 mm., exclusive of ovi- 
positor. 

Front and vertex brownish orange yellow; face, cheeks, occiput, 
and entire underparts dull gamboge yellow; upper side of thorax and 
abdomen bright cadmium yellow, with a brown spot on each side of 
the propodeum and the apical half of the abdomen more gamboge 
yellow; concealed part of pronotum black; collar of pronotum, pre- 
pectal plates, and tegule whitish, the collar with a small blackish dot 
on each corner, and the tegule brownish on the posterior margin. 
Antennae in general concolorous with the face, the scape with a longi- 
tudinal brown streak on upper margin of the outer surface, the base 
of pedicel brown, the first three funicle joints dilute brownish, fading 
gradually into the pure yellowish of the last three joints, club black 
but becoming yellowish brown at apex. Legs concolorous with the 
underparts, the tip of last joint of the tarsi blackish. Exserted part 
of ovipositor gamboge yellow. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yel- 
lowish. 

Male.—¥ront and vertex about one and two thirds times longer 
than wide; ocelli in a less acute-angled triangle than in the female, 
the posterior pair about one-fourth their own diameter from the eye 
margin. Antennae nearly as in the female, but the first three funicle 
jomts more roundish, the funicle as a whole and the club more 
slender. Length: 1.0 mm. 

Front, vertex, and upper rim of occiput orange yellow with a brown- 
ish spot between the posterior ocelli; face, cheeks, and most of the 
underparts, including the venter of abdomen, gamboge yellow, the 
prepectal plates and upper anterior part of the mesopleura more 
lemon yellow; upper concealed part of occiput and pronotum, most 
of mesonotum, metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen 
brownish black, the mesoscutum fading into gamboge yellow on the 
sides next to the tegulae, and margins of the scutellum and part of 
metanotum brownish yellow; collar of pronotum and tegule yellow- 
ish white, the former with a black dot on each corner, the latter with 
the posterior margin blackish brown. Antennal scape and pedicel 
yellowish brown, marked with darker brown as in the female; flagel- 
lum brown, fading into yellowish on the last two funicle joints and 
at apex of club. Legs and wings as in the female. 

Described from five females, three males reared from Ceroplastes 
sp., Fort Myers, Florida, July 23 to August 1, 1907 (EK. A. Back), 


630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Morrill, Nos. 2006 and 2007; and one male (metatype and erroneously 
labeled with type No. 2609, U.S.N.M.), collected in northern Vir- 
ginia, June, 1879 (Th. Pergande). The latter specimen is in poor 
condition, but agrees as far as preserved with the males from Florida. 
The type female and male could not be found, but the insect de- 
scribed above agrees fairly well with Howard’s description, and ap- 
parently the only reason to doubt the identification lies in the fact 
that the types were reared from a Lecanium instead of a Ceroplastes. 

Type-locality.—F¥ ort George, Florida. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2609, U.S.N.M. 


31. APHYCUS STOMACHOSUS Girault. 
Figs. 29, 46. 
Aphycus stomachosus GiRAULT, Psyche, vol. 16, 1909, p. 77. 
Aphycus flaviceps Kine (not Howard), Can. Ent., vol. 31, 1899, p. 141. 

Female.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; 
ocelli in a slightly acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about 
their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and 
shallow, facial prominence not much elevated; eyes with a sparse, 
extremely short, fine pubescence. Antennal scape flattened and a 
little wider at the middle, about three times longer than greatest 
width; pedicel as long as the first three funicle joints combined; 
first three funicle joints subequal in length and width and about as 
long as wide, the last three increasingly wider and more transverse, 
and the last two also slightly longer than the preceding, the sixth not 
quite twice as wide as the first; club oval, obtusely rounded at apex, 
about one-third wider again than the preceding joint, and nearly as 
long as the last five funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly 
ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrowed above and interrupted 
below, the cut-off portion separated from the posterior margin of 
disk and from the basal hairless streak. Ovipositor slightly pro- 
truded. Length: 0.7 to 1.2 mm. 

General color deep bright orange yellow, most vivid on the front, 
vertex, and mesonotum; face, cheeks, and underparts a little paler; 
collar of pronotum concolorous with a black dot on each corner; 
occiput entirely orange yellow, but the pronotum has a narrow black- 
ish transverse band on the concealed portion; tegulae yellowish 
white, with their posterior margin blackish brown; prepectal plates 
paler than rest of pleura or yellowish white; metanotum, propodeum, 
and most of the dorsum of abdomen more or less brownish. An- 
tenn concolorous with the face; scape with a small spot of brownish 
at the middle, on dorsal margin; first four funicle joints brownish 
and base of club blackish brown. Legs a little paler yellow than 
underparts, the tip of the last joint of the tarsi blackish. Wings 
hyaline, the veims pale brownish. 


No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 631 





Male.—¥ront and vertex about one-fourth longer than wide; 
ocelli in an equilateral triangle or nearly so, the posterior pair about 
their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennae very nearly 
as in the female, but the club slenderer, more truncate at apex, and 
as long as the last four joints combined. Length: 0.7 to 1.2 mm. 

Coloration as in the female, but the face, cheeks, and underparts 
decidedly paler than notum or chrome yellow, the prepectal plates 
concolorous with the rest of pleura; metanotum, propodeum, and 
central part of the dorsum of abdomen darker brown. Antennal 
scape and pedicel as in the female, but the funicle and club pale 
brown with the sixth funicle joint sometimes a little paler. 

Redescribed from four females (cotypes) reared from Lecanium 
migrofasciatum Pergande, Carbondale, Iinois, June, 1908 (A. A. 
Girault); two males from the same host, Lawrence, Massachusetts, 
February 11, 1899 (Geo. B. King); two females, one male reared from 
same host, February 5, 1897, Insectary No. 472°; two females, 
Salem, Ohio, September, 1903; and a large series of both sexes reared 
from the same Lecaniwm, Mount Alto, Pennsylvania, during May 
and June, 1913 (Ff. L. Simanton), Quaintance No. 6130. 

Type.—Cat. No. 11997, U.S.N.M. 


32. APHYCUS ERIOCOCCI, new species. 





Female.—Front and vertex three times longer than wide; ocelli in 
a strongly acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair almost touching 
eye margin and about their own diameter apart; antennal scrobes 
broad and shallow; eyes nonpubescent. Antennal scape strongly 
flattened but not expanded below, the lower margin gently curved, 
a little over four times as long as wide; pedicel as long as the first 
three and one-half of the fourth funicle joint combined; first three 
funicle joints equal in length, the fourth slightly longer, the last two 
equal and a little longer than the fourth, all increasing gradually and 
slightly in width distad, the sixth about one-half wider again than 
the first, the first three a little wider than long, the sixth considerably 
so, but the fourth and fifth about as long as wide; club elongate oval, 
tapering distad, and slightly obliquely truncate at apex, one-third 
wider again than the preceding joint and as long as the last five 
funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless 
streak not reaching to the stigmal vein and interrupted below, the 
small cut-off portion well separated from the posterior margin of 
disk and from the basal streak; the latter reaching nearly to the 
angulation or to a point opposite the end of the stigmal vein. Ovi- 
positor protruded about one-eighth the length of the abdomen. 
Length: 0.9 mm., exclusive of ovipositor. 

Front, most of occiput, face, and cheeks pale chrome yellow, be- 
coming whitish at the oral margin, and a very narrow blackish line 


632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


on the cheeks at roots of mandibles; vertex pale clay yellow; center 
of occiput dilute blackish; concealed part of pronotum, the meta- 
notum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdomen brownish black, the lat- 
eral and apical margin of the latter broadly white; mesonotum dark 
brown shading into clay yellow on the lateral margin of the scutum 
and scutellum and on the axillae; collar of pronotum, tegulae, and 
underparts ivory white, the collar of pronotum with a blackish dot 
on each corner, the tegulae brownish on their posterior margin, and 
the venter of abdomen dusky in the center. Antennae black with 
the basal and apical third of scape, the apical half of pedicel and 
last three funicle joints white. Legs white, with the tarsi more 
yellowish and apex of the last joint blackish; tibiae with two rather 
wide, subinterrupted blackish annuli, fainter on the front pair and 
with an additional dot at apex and at knee joint of the middle and 
hind pair. Wings hyaline, the veins pale brownish. Exserted part 
of ovipositor yellowish becoming blackish at apex. 

Male.—Not known. 

Described from two females (type and paratype) reared from 
Ervococcus howardi Ehrhorn on Quercus utahensis, Salt Lake City, 
Utah, July 4-6, 1914 (P. H. Timberlake). 

Type.—Cat. No. 19121, U.S.N.M. 


33. APHYCUS BRUNNEUS Howard. 


Aphycus brunneus Howarp, Bull. No. 5, old ser., U. 8. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent., 
1885, p. 17. 

The type and only known specimen of this species could not be 
found. As it was reared from a Diaspine host, Aulacaspis rosae 
(Bouché) it can hardly be a true Aphycus and will probably prove 
to belong to Coccidencyrtus Ashmead. The type locality is Vine- 
land, New Jersey. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2642, U.S.N.M. 


34. APHYCUS NITENS Kourdumoff. 
Aphicus nitens Kourpumorr, Rey. Russe d’Ent., vol. 12, 1912, p. 334, fig. 7. 


This species has not been seen by the writer. It was reared from 
Eriococcus greeni Newstead at the Poltava Experiment Station, 
Russia, 

35. APHYCUS HEDERACEUS (Westwood). 


Encyrtus hederaceus Westwoop, Philos. Mag., ser. 3, vol. 10, 1837, p. 441. 
Encyrtus fulvifrons WALKER, Ent. Mag., vol. 5, 1838, p. 109. 
Aphycus hederaceus Mayr, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1876, pp. 695, 696. 
Specimens of this species also have not been seen and the synonymy 
is taken from Mayr. 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 633 








36. APHYCUS ALBERTI Howard. 
Figs. 27, 48. 


Aphycus alberti Howarp, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 247. 
Aphycus flavus Howarp (part), Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, p. 241. 
Aphycus sp. near coquilletti TIMBERLAKE, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 6, 1913, p. 294. 

Female.—Front and vertex about three times longer than wide; 
ocelli in an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about one-fourth 
their own diameter from the eye margin; antennal scrobes broad and 
rather deep; eyes with an abundant but short, fine pubescence. 
Antennal scape flattened but not expanded below, a tittle less than 
four times as long as wide, widest on the apical half; pedical about as 
long as the first three funicle joints combined; first four funicle joints 
subequal in length, the last two about one-third longer, all increasing 
shiehtly in width so that the sixth is about one-third wider again than 
the first; club oval, rounded at apex, nearly twice as wide as the pre- 
ceding joint and as long as the last five funicle joints combined. 
Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak narrow throughout 
and interrupted below, the cut-off portion separated from the pos- 
terior margin of disk. Length, 0.7 to 0.9 mm. 

Front, vertex and upper parts of thorax and abdomen brownish 
orange yellow, the head brighter, the propodeum and center of abdo- 
men more brownish; face, cheeks, occiput excepting a black spot on 
each side above the neck, and underparts paler or more cadmium 
yellow, the cheeks sometimes faintly tinted with brown next to the 
occiput; concealed part of pronotum with two small blackish brown 
spots, and the posterior margin of the collar whitish with a blackish 
dot on each corner; tegulae concolorous with underparts with their 
posterior margin brownish. Antennae concolorous with face, with a 
large blackish spot on lower side of the apical half of scape appearing 
on both outer and inner surface, basal half and two-thirds of pedicel 
and club respectively and first four funicle joints black or blackish. 
Legs concolorous with underparts with the tip of the last joint of 
tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellowish. 

Male.—F¥ront and vortex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair one-half their own diam- 
eter from the eye margin. Antennae nearly as in the female, but the 
scape is narrower or linear and the club smaller. Length, 0.5 mm. 

Front brownish orange yellow; most of vertex, the occiput and 
upper part of thorax and abdomen brownish black sometimes varying 
to brown, with the sides of mesoscutum and axillae, and lateral mar- 
eins of the abdomen at the vibrissae narrowly brownish orange yellow; 
face, cheeks and underparts as in the female except that the venter 
of abdomen is more or less brownish or brownish orange yellow. 
Antennal scape and pedicel colored as in female but the funicle and 


634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





club entirely blackish brown darkest on the club. Legs and wings as 
in the female. 

Redescribed from one female, one male (cotypes) reared from 
Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, Sydney, New South Wales (A. Koebele) ; 
three females, two males, from same host, Los Angeles County, Cali- 
fornia, April (A. Koebele), and seven females, two males with the 
same data but reared in August, Koebele’s number 160°; one female 
from same host, Avalon, Catalina Island, California, September 12, 
1912 (P. H. Timberlake); five females, four males from same host, 
Carpenteria, California, July 12 to August 27, 1911 (P. H. Timberlake) ; 
and a series of both sexes reared from the same host in reproduction 
experiments with females from Carpenteria. 

The Koebele specimens from Los Angeles County were determined 
by Howard as flavus and constitute the California record for flavus 
in his 1898 paper. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5051, U.S.N.M. 


37. APHYCUS PHILIPPIAE Martelli. 


Aphicus philippiae MARTELLI, Boll. Portici Lab., vol. 2, 1908, pp. 236, 245—Mast, 
Boll. Partici Lab., vol. 3, 1908, p. 100, fig. 8. 
This species has not been seen by the writer. It was reared from 
Filippia oleae (Costa), Catanzara and Gizzeria, Calabria, Italy, and 
from a Lecanium, Novara, Sicily. 


38. APHYCUS FLAVUS Howard. 
Figs. 26, 47. 
Aphycus flavus Howarp, Rep. Ent., U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1881, p. 365. 


Female.—Front and vertex about twice as long as wide; ocelli in 
an acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair close to the eye margin; 
eyes nearly nonpubescent. Antennal scape flattened and narrow, 
about four times as long as wide, widest near the middle; pedicel a 
little longer than the first three funicle jomts combined; first five 
funicle joints of nearly equal length, the sixth slightly longer, the 
last four increasing gradually in width so that the sixth is about 
twice as wide as the first, and all wider than long except the first two, 
which are about as long as wide; club oval, slightly pointed at apex, 
a little wider than the last funicle jomt, and nearly as long as the 
last five funicle jomts combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique 
hairless streak widened and interrupted below, the cut-off portion 
separated from the posterior margin of disk and from the basal 
hairless streak. Length, 0.7 to 1.2 mm. 

Front, vertex, and upper surface of body bright orange yellow, the 
propodeum and dorsum of abdomen sometimes slightly brownish; 
face, cheeks, and underparts similar but paler yellow; collar of pro- 
notum and tegulae pale yellowish with a blackish dot on each corner 


No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 635 








of the former, and the posterior margin of the latter brown; center 
of occiput usually yellow, sometimes blackish; the concealed part of 
pronotum either yellow or blackish. Antennae concolorous with 
face, with a small spot on upper margin of outer surface of scape 
near apex, base of pedicel, first three funicle joints and basal half of 
club brownish or blackish. Legs concolorous with underparts, with 
apex of the last joint of tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale 
yellowish. 

Male.—Nearly like the female but the front and vertex a little 
wider and the antenna more slender. Length, 0.6 to 1.0 mm. 

Coloration as in the female except that the metanotum, propodeum, 
and dorsum of abdomen are dark brown. with the lateral margins of 
the latter yellow. Antennae as in female except that the whole 
flagellum may be uniformly brown. 

Redescribed from the following material: One female, Jackson- 
ville, Florida (W. H. Ashmead); one female reared from Toumeyella 
liriodendrt (Gmelin), Crescent City, Florida, March 18, 1895 (H. G. 
Hubbard); one female from the same host, Molino, Florida, May 25, 
1894 (S. S. Harvey); four males from same host, Laurel, Maryland, 
June 11, 1912 (E. R. Sasscer); two females, five males reared from 
Tachardia on Acacia, San Diego, Texas, July 12, 1896 (E. A. Schwarz) ; 
one female, one male reared from Tachardia species on. ‘‘Huajillo”’ 
with no locality given; three females, one male reared from Pulvinaria 
pyriformis Cockerell, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad (P. Lachmere-Guppy) ; 
one female reared from Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, Lima, Peru, 
December 21, 1909 (C. H. T. Townsend), Townsend No. 140° 3a; a 
large series of both sexes reared from Pulvinaria species on sweet 
potato, Sullana, Piura, Peru, during February and March, 1912 (EK. W. 
Rust), received from Messrs. Townsend and Rust under No. 35° 3a; 
one female, one male reared from Saissetia oleae (Bernard), Palermo, 
Sicily, received from H. S. Smith under California State Insectary 
No. 7200 and d. 

The type female of this species from Palatka, Florida, could not 
be found. It was supposed to have been reared from Lepidosaphes 
beckit (Newman), but the record is undoubtedly erroneous. 

There are slight but apparently constant differences in coloration 
in material from different localities which are probably due to local 
variation and not of specific value. The females from Trinidad 
have the face, cheeks, underparts of thorax, and the abdomen bril- 
liant chrome lemon without dark markings on the concealed part of 
the occiput and pronotum. The material from Peru varies from 
bright orange to a little paler and there is a small transverse blackish 
spot on the concealed part of the pronotum. The males also differ 
in having but a slight brownish infuscation in the center of the 
dorsum of abdomen. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2610, U.S.N.M. 


636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





39. APHYCUS LUTEOLUS, new species. 
Figs. 28, 45. 


Aphycus flavus QUAYLE (not Howarp), Bull. 214, Cal. Agric. Exp. Stat., 1911, 
p. 476, figs. 28, 30.—Quayze and Rust, Bull. 223, Cal. Agric. Exp. Stat., 
1911, pp. 190, 194, figs. 14, 18. 

Aphycus species near flavus TIMBERLAKE, Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. 6, 1913, p. 294. 

Female.—Front and vertex twice as long as wide; ocelli in an 
acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about their own diameter 
from the eye margin; antennal scrobes rather deep and distinct; 
pubescence of eyes sparse and extremely short and fine. Antennal 
scape flattened but not expanded, very nearly linear with the lower 
margin slightly curved, about four times longer than wide; pedicel 
about as long as the first three funicle jomts combined; first five 
funicle joints subequal in length, the sixth slightly longer, all grad- 
ually increasing in width so that the sixth is twice as wide as the 
first and all wider than long with the first two less distinctly so; 
club oval, rather pointed at apex, about one third wider again than 
the last funicle jomt and as long as the last five preceding joints 
combined. Wings uniformly ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened 
and interrupetd below, the cut off portion uniting with a distinct 
branch of the basal hairless streak. Length: 0.7 to 1.1 mm. 

General color above pale clay yellow, the front and vertex some- 
what more orange yellow; face, cheeks, and underparts brighter 
yellow or nearly chrome lemon; concealed part of pronotum, a dot 
on each corner of collar, posterior margin of tegulae and the sutures 
of mesonotum to a more or less degree blackish brown; collar of 
pronotum and tegulae otherwise yellowish white; metanotum, 
propodeum and most of the basal half of dorsum of abdomen dilute 
blackish brown. Antennae concolorous with the face, with a large 
spot on scape near apex above, base of pedicel on upper side, first 
three funicle joints and lower side of fourth, and basal half of club 
blackish. Legs concolorous with the underparts with the apex 
of last joint of tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins pale yellow- 
ish. 

Male.—Front and vertex about one-half longer again than wide; 
ocelli in a slightly acute-angled triangle, the posterior pair about 
their own diameter from the eye margin. Antennae as in female 
but a little slenderer. Length: 0.7 to 0.8 mm. 

Coloration as in the female except for the following details: Front 
and vertex chrome lemon and concolorous with face and cheeks; 
dorsum of abdomen with the dark markings more extensive and 
deeper, often entirely blackish brown except on lateral margins 
posterior to the vibrissae; the flagellum of antennae entirely blackish 
brown. 


No. 2136. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 637 





Described from six females, two males (type, allotype, and para- 
types a to f) reared from Coccus hesperidum Linneus, Santa Paula, 
California, August 15-28, 1912; one female, three males (paratypes 
g to 7) from same host, Whittier, California, April 21, 1911; four 
females (paratypes k to n) from same host, Carpenteria, California, 
September 20-22, 1912; two females (paratypes 0 and p) from 
same host, Sacramento, California, November 22, 1912; one female 
(paratype q) reared from Saissetia oleae (Bernard), Chula Vista, Cali- 
fornia, September 5, 1912; and one female (paratype r) from the 
latter host, Sweetwater Dam, California, September 10, 1912 (P. H. 
Timberlake). Additional specimens in the writer’s collection from 
most of the above localities may be considered as metatypes; also 
three females, two males reared from Coccus citricola Campbell, 
Claremont, California, July 10-17, 1912 and 1913 (R. E. Campbell). 
Type.—Cat. No. 18377, U.S.N.M. 


40. APHYCUS OREGONENSIS Howard. 
Fig. 54. 
Aphycus oregonensis Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 21, 1898, pp. 241, 246. 


Male.—F¥ront and vertex nearly twice as long as wide and ocelli in 
an acute-angled triangle (in the largest cotype) or front and vertex only 
about one-half longer again than wide and ocelli in an equilateral tri- 
angle or nearly so (in rest of cotypes, which are considerably smaller) ; 
posterior ocelli about one-half their own diameter from the eye 
margin; antennal scrobes broad and shallow; eyes with a fine, delicate 
pubescence. Antennal scape flattened and but slightly expanded, 
widest just beyond the middle, nearly four times longer than wide; 
pedicel as long as first two and one-half of the third funicle joint; 
first four funicle joints of equal length, the last two longer, the sixth a 
little longer than the fifth, first joint about as long as wide, the follow- 
ing increasingly wider, the last nearly twice as wide as the first; club 
oval, rounded at apex, hardly wider than the preceding joint and as 
long as the last four funicle joints combined. Wings uniformly 
ciliated; oblique hairless streak widened and interrupted below, the 
large cut-off portion uniting with an indistinct branch of the basal 
hairless streak. Length, 0.9 to 1.2 mm. 

Front, vertex, and mesonotum dull orange yellow; face, cheeks, 
occiput, and. under parts yellowish white, the cheeks with a large 
brownish spot next to the mandibles, and the center of occiput above 
the neck dusky; concealed part of prenotum, anterior margin of 
mesoscutum, most of metanotum, propodeum, and dorsum of abdo- 
men brownish black; collar of pronotum and tegulae whitish, the for- 
mer with a blackish dot on each corner, the latter with their posterior 
margin pale brown; sutures of mesonotum lined with blackish and 
the mesoscutellum slightly brownish. Antennal scape blackish 





638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 50. 





with a wide yellowish band on dorsal margin of inner surface, and 
base and apex yellowish on outer surface; pedicel brownish yellow 
on outer side and blackish on inner surface; funicle and club brown, 
with the last two funicle joints slightly paler. Legs pale yellowish; 
tibiae with two broad brown annuli at the base and near middle, 
fainter and narrower on hind pair and still fainter on front pair; last 
joint of the tarsi tipped with blackish. Wings hyaline, the veins 
pale yellowish. 

Female.—Not known. 

Redescribed from eight males (six of them cotypes) reared from a 
Pulvinaria on Ribes, Aumesville, Oregon, February 1-17, 1890 
(F.S. Mattison). This species will presumably prove to be the male 
sex of californicus Howard. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5048, U.S.N.M. 


41. APHYCUS AMOENUS Howard. 





Aphycus amoenus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., vol. 26, 1896, p. 150. 


The type of this species was not accessible for study and no other 
specimens were examined. Judging from the description it is 
closely related to rusti described from Peru but considerably darker 
in coloration. It was described from a single male collected at Bal- 
thazar, Grenada (H. H. Smith). 

Type.—In the British Museum. 


42. APHYCUS IMMACULATUS Howard. 
Aphycus immaculatus Howarp, Insect Life, vol. 6, 1894, p. 236, fig. 11. 


The type, a single male mounted on a slide, was not found in the 
United States National Museum, and no other specimens are known. 
The species is apparently similar to alberti Howard but distinct, 
judging from the description and figure. It was supposed to have 
been reared from Chrysomphalus aurantvi (Maskell), but if it is a true 
Aphycus, the record is undoubtedly erroneous. 

Type.—Cat. No. 1474, U.S.N.M. 


43. APHYCUS HOWARDI Cockerell. 


Aphycus howardi CocKERELL, Can. Ent., vol. 30, 1898, p. 276. 


The single type specimen of this species in the United States 
National Museum is so badly damaged that its relationship with the 
other species considered in this paper could not be determined, and 
it consequently was not included in the synoptic table. It should, 
however, be easily recognized by its bright scarlet coloration, which 
is unique. It was reared from LEriococcus tinsleyy Cockerell at 
Mesilla Park, New Mexico. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19181, U.S.N.M. 





No. 21386. REVISION OF THE GENUS APHYCUS—TIMBERLAKE. 639 


Fig. 


Fig. 9. 
10. 
ls 
12, 
By 
14. 
15. 


16. 


Fig. 


wNHonwnnwbd Ye ee 
BPwnr OO WO 


25. 
26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
3D. 





EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 26. . S 


Antennae of female. 


. Aphycus fuscipennis. 


A. schwarzi. 


. Aenasioidea pulchella. 


Ae. kermicola. 


. Aphycus kingt. 
. A, subfasciatus. 
. A; rileyt. 

. A, johnsoni. 


PLATE 27. 


Antennae of female. 


. cockerelli. 

. lecanii. 

. maculipennis. 
. coquilletti. 

. physokermis. 

. lichtensiae. 

. pulvinariae. 
A. maculipes. 


Rr bh hh 


PLATE 28. 


Antennae of female. 


. A. mayri. 

. A. melanostomatus. 

. A. similis. 

. Aenasioidea tenwicornis. 
. Aphycus californicus. 

. A. albopleuralis. 

. A. pulvinariae. 

. A. lounsburyi. 


PLATE 29, 


Antennae of female, 


. claviger. 

flavus. 

. albertt. 

. luteolus. 

. stomachosus. 

. ceroplastis. 

. eruptor. 

. mexicanus. 
Aphycopsis australiensis. 
Pseudaphycus angelicus. 
Pseudococcobius terryt. 


bab pb pbb 


640 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. 50. 





Fig. 


Fig. 


36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 
41. 
42. 
43. 
44, 


45, 
46. 
47. 
48. 
49, 
50. 
dl. 
52. 
53. 


54 


PLATE 30. 


Antennae of male. 
Aphycus maculivennis. 
A. johnsoni. 
A, rileyi. 
. subfasciatus. 
. lecanit. 
. lichtensiae. 
. physokermis. 
. pulvinariae. 
. claviger. 


Pe pe Be PR 


PuLate 3l. 
Antennae of male excepting fig. 52 of female. 


Aphycus luteolus. 

A, stomachosus. 

A, flavus. 

A, alberti. 

A, mexicanus. 

A. eruptor. 
Pseudaphycus angelicus. 
Acerophagus texanus, 
Aphycus melanostomatus. 
. A, oregonensis. 


U. 8. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 26 





ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS AND AENASIOIDEA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 27 





ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 28 





ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS AND AENASIOIDEA. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 29 





ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS, APHYCOPSIS, PSEUDAPHYCUS, AND PSEUDOCOCCOBIUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 639. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 30 





(jj Santee 
a 


ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 640. 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 31 


GED powe)) 
4LO / 
/ 





ANTENNAE OF APHYCUS, PSEUDAPHYCUS, AND ACEROPHAGUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 640. 








DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF FOSSIL 
TURTLES, FROM THE LANCE FORMATION OF WYO- 
MING. 


By Cuarues W. GiiMors, 


Assistant Curator of Fossil Reptiles, United States National Museum. 


Among the fossil specimens obtained by the late J. B. Hatcher in 
the Lance formation of Wyoming, for the United States Geological 
Survey, were a number of extinct turtles. Two of these are found to 
represent undescribed species, and they form the subject of the present 
paper. 

BAENA HAYYI, new species. 

Type.—No. 6728, U.S. N. M., consists of a nearly complete carapace 
and plastron. Portions of the posterior lateral margins are the only 
important parts missing. Collected by J. B. Hatcher in the year 
1890. 

Locality—Lance Creek, Niobrara County (formerly a part of 
Converse County), Wyoming. 

Horizon.—Lance formation, Upper Cretaceous or Lower Tertiary. 

Two species, pertaining to the genus Baena, B. hatcheri Hay and 
B. marshi Hay, have been described from the Lance formation, and 
a third species is now recognized in the present specimen, for which 
the name BZ. hay is proposed. It is named in honor of Dr. O. P. Hay, 
of the Carnegie Institution, in recognition of his valuable contribu- 
tions to our knowledge of the fossil turtles of North America. 

The type of the species is a very complete specimen, that may at 
ence be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the great 
breadth of the shell as compared with its length. It is the only 
Baena known at the present time in which the breadth exceeds the 
length. The greatest length of the carapace in a straight line is 292 
mm.; its width is at least 320 mm.; the height from the bottom of the 
plastron is 85 mm., but in life it was probably greater, as the plastron 
at the center is somewhat crushed in toward the carapace. 

The greatest breadth of the carapace is behind the inguinal notches. 
The posterior border is unusually broad and the lateral portions but 








PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. 50—No. 2137. 
10600°—Proc.N.M. vol.50—16——41 641 


642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





little rounded, whereas in B. hatcheri it rounds rapidly. The median 
portion is broadly excavated. The anterior end is also rather broadly 
truncated. The nuchal region projects slightly beyond the general 
contour of the carapace. The hinder border lateral to the median 
emargination is scalloped as in the other species of the genus. Be- 
cause of the missing portions of this border the number of these sceal- 
lops can not be determined. 

The course of only a few of the costal sutures can be determined; 
all others are obliterated through coossification. The sulci although 

-shallowly impressed are quite clear. The ornamentation of the cara- 
pace consists of ridges and furrows. The former are short, sometimes 
straight, usually bent, or anastomosing. The general effect is much 
the same as the sculpture in Thescelus insiliens Hay, described as 
resembling “ shagreened leather,” though coarser in this specimen. A 
considerable area within the second vertebral scute has the surface 
smooth.. The sculpture of the plastron is of the same general char- 
acter as on the carapace but finer in its pattern. 

The nuchal seute is pentagonal, wider than long, and bordered on 
either side by a small triangular first marginal, see plate 32. In this 
it resembles the nuchal region in Baena riparia, except in that species 
the nuchal is divided. The nuchal is 13 mm. long; a greatest width 
of 27 mm.; width of free border 16 mm. The second marginal is 27 
mm. long on the free border; the third 28 mm.; the fourth and fifth 

2mm. each. 

The vertebral scutes as in all Cretaceous Baenidae are wider than 
long. The sides of the first are parallel until they meet the marginal 
sulsus, then they turn in toward the center, thus making the scute six 
sided as in B. antigua (Lambe). The sides of the succeeding ver- 
tebrals are but slightly bracket-shaped. Their principal dimensions 
will be found in the accompanying table: 





Vertebral. Length. Width. 
1 39 61 
z 65 83 
3 89 92 
f 53 78 
5 57 96 





Within the area of the fifth vertebral there is a decided median 
longitudinal ridge, the only indication of a carina. 

The costal scutes show nothing particularly characteristic. 

The number of marginal scutes can not be determined. The first 
marginal extends back from the border only 9 mm., the second 20 
mm., the fifth 33 mm., the last one 31 mm. 

The plastron is relatively short with a narrow tapering anterior 
lobe and a wider truncated posterior lobe with slight emargination. 


No. 2137. TWO NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—GILMORE. 643 





The total length is 253 mm. at the center. The posterior extremity 
ends 25 mm. anterior to the border of the carapace. The anterior 
end also falls within the border of the shell. The plastron at the 
center is angularly concave but I am inclined to the opinion that 
this has been brought about by postmortem causes. The anterior 
lobe is short and narrow, much as in Baena callosa Hay, the length 
being 63 mm.; the width at the base being 92 mm.; at the gular 
sulsus 44 mm. The free borders of the anterior lobe in section are 
rounded. The thickness is about 8 mm. 

The width of the bridge 122 mm. 

The posterior lobe is 72 mm. long; 120 mm. wide at the base; at 
the femoro-anal sulsus 89 mm. wide. The contours of the converg- 
ing borders are well shown on plate 83. Immediately behind the in- 
guinal notch the thickness is 15 mm.; near the posterior extremity 
“7mm. The posterior end has a subacute border that is only slightly 
emarginated at the center. 

There are distinct gulars and intergulars. The humero-pectoral 
sulsus crosses to the center about on the line joining the axillary 
notches. The intergulars meet on the median lne a distance of 10 
mm.; the gulars 12 mm. on the left side, 8 mm. on the right side; 
humerals about 38 mm.; pectorals 57 mm.; the anals 48 mm. The 
course of the femoral-abdominal sulsus pursues a very irregular 
course. The anal-femoral sulsus as in other species of Laena runs 
outward then backward and then outward to the border. 

On the bridge there are four large inframarginals as shown on 
plate 33, resembling somewhat those of 2. hatcheri Hay in outline 
and position. 

The ventral area of the marginals is much greater than in any 
other species of the genus. 

As mentioned above, Baena hay? is distinguished at once from 
all other species of the genus by the proportions of the carapace, it 
being the only one known in which the width exceeds the breadth. 
From B, marshi this species may be distinguished by having a sculp- 
tured carapace, and the wider marginal areas on the ventral surface. 
From B. hatcheri it differs in the contour of the shell, being short 
and truncated at both ends, whereas B. hatcheri is relatively long, 
with a somewhat pointed anterior end. The absence of supernu- 
merary scutes lateral to the first vertebral also serves further to dis- 
tinguish it from the latter species. 


ASPIDERETES LANCENSIS, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 6727, U.S.N.M., consists of a considerable portion 
of the carapace, lacking a portion of the anterior border, the ninth 
pair of costals, and the ends of the forward costals of the left side. 


644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSHUM. vou. 50. 





Only one small piece of the plastron present. Collected by J. B. 
Hatcher. 

Locality —Niobrara County (formerly a part of Converse County), 
Wyoming. 

Horizon.—Lance formation, Upper Cretaceous or Lower Tertiary. 

The carapace of the type-specimen is about the size of the type of 
Aspideretes beechert Way from the same formation, but specifically 
distinct as shown by differences in the surface sculpture and in the 
arrangement of the costal and neural bones at the posterior end of 
the carapace. 

The carapace is nearly as broad as long, and if measurements were 
taken to the end of costal ribs the breadth would exceed the length. 
The length must have been close to 800 mm., the width about 295 mm. 
The shell is regularly convex from side to side. 

The lateral borders are somewhat sinuous, the hinder border 
broadly truncated and without emargination. 

The sculpture of the carapace consists of a network of rounded 
ridges inclosing irregularly rounded pits, usually without definite 
arrangement, though there is a tendency toward the outer ends of 
the median costals to dispose themselves in rows more or less parallel 
to the borders of the shell. This feature, however, is not so apparent 
asin A. foveatus (Leidy). The pits have concave bottoms, the walls 
rising gradually as in A. foveatus, but this feature would at once 
separate the present species from A. beecheri, which has the bottom 
of the pits flat, the walls rising abruptly. The tops of the ridges are 
always rounded in the present specimen, whereas in A. foveatus they 
are usually flat. 

Toward the free edge the pits increase slightly in size; they are 
shallower and diminish in size toward the middle, with here and 
there small areas almost devoid of sculpture. Along the costal 
sutures the pits have a tendency to elongate antero-posteriorly. ‘This 
feature is not constant, and where present it is always on the outer 
halves of the costals. A line 10 mm. long extends across 6 pits, and 
often 7 may be counted. 

On the outer halves of the costals, posterior to the second, are seen 
a number of prominent grooves that run from the border inward and 
forward, diagonally across the longer axes of the costals. At first 
sight they call to mind the welts observed on the costals of certain 
species of the genus Plastomenus, but a close examination shows them 
to be channel-like. The prominence of these channels is brought 
xbout by the widening of the parallel ridges which inclose them. 
Thin cross ridges divide the channel up into various size pits, which 
are often subrectangular in form. 

The character of these channel-like markings is best shown in fig. 1, 
plate 35. 


NO. 2137. TWO NEW FOSSIL TURTLES—GILMORE. 645 


There are seven neurals, the seventh reaching the eighth pair of 
costals, whereas in all other described species of the genus Aspi- 
deretes, and Plastomenus as well, they never pass beyond the seventh 
pair and often end with the sixth. 

The first neural is octagonal, with the median anterior border 
notched for the preneural, which is missing in this specimen. The 
succeeding neurals are hexagonal, longer than wide, with the narrow 
end forward as usual in the species of this genus. The dimensions 
of the neurals will be found in the accompanying table. 


Measurements of neurals. 








No. Length. Width. 
1 24 20 
2 orl 22 
3 oil 19 
4 26 19 
5 26 a4 
6 26e 13e 
7 24e 3 





e=estimated. 


There are nine pairs of costal bones, the ninth pair being very 
small and are missing from the present specimen (plate 84, ¢c. 9), but 
the sutural borders show clearly the presence of this supernumerary 
pair. The eighth and ninth pairs meet on the median line except on 
the antero-median part of the former where the seventh neural is 
slightly interposed between them. The eighth pair meets on the 
median line for a distance of 84mm. The costal ribs project beyond 
the edge of the carapace. The sixth of the right side projects 22 mm. 
beyond the border and it lacks the tip. None of the others are so 
perfectly preserved. The ribs are moderately broad, but occupy less 
than half the width of the costal plate. Between the ribs the borders 
of the costals have a thickness of from 6 to 7 mm.; through the rib 
they are 10 mm. in thickness. 

On the outer ends of costals three, four, and five the sculpture 
stops short of the edge leaving a narrow smooth border that re- 
duces the thickness of the costal from 2 to 3 mm. less in thickness 
than the sculptured portions. See figure 1, plate 35. 

The nuchal bone is represented by a small piece of the right end, 
which remains in position attached to the under side of the first costal, 
as shown in plate 34, n. 

The plastron is represented by two small fragments, probably per- 
taining to the hyoplastron. These show a surface ornamentation 
quite distinct from that of the carapace. It is made up of a series of 
short, raised, vermiculate ridges with intervening furrows of varying 


646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. you. 50. 


lengths and irregular direction, but seldom do they inclose pits. In 
a line 10 mm. long 8 to 10 ridges may be counted. The character of 
this sculpture is best shown in figure 2, plate 35. 





Aspideretes lancensis is distinguished from all described species by 
the ornamentation of the carapace, the presence of nine costals, and 
by the fact that the seventh neural is in contact with the eighth pair 
of costals. 

The notch on the median anterior end of the first neural shows that 
there was a preneural, which indicates at once that the specimen can 
not be assigned to the genus Amyda, but whether it should be referred 
to Plastomenus or to Aspideretes is not so clear. The absence of 
identifiable plastron bones makes it impossible to be sure of its 
generic affinities, but since the genus Plastomenus has not yet been 
recognized from the Lance formation I therefore refer it to the genus 
Aspideretes, until such time as the discovery of more perfect material 
will make it possible to definitely determine its generic designation. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
PLATE 32. 


Superior view of the carapace of Baena hayi. No. 6728, U.S.N.M. Type- 
specimen, one-third natural size. 


PLATE) 33: 


Inferior view of the plastron of Baena hayi. No. 6728, U.S.N.M. Type- 
specimen, one-third natural size. 


PLATE 34. 


Superior view of the carapace of Aspideretes lancensis. No. 6727, U.S.N.M. 
Type-specimen, one-third natural size. ¢. 1, ¢. 8, costal plates one and eight ; 
c. 9, notch for the missing ninth costals; , right end of the nuchal plate; pn, 
notch on end of the first neural for the reception of the preneural. 


PLATE 35. 


Fig. 1. Distal ends of third and fourth costals of Aspideretes lancensis. No. 
6727, U.S.N.M. Type-specimen, natural size. Shows character of sculpture of 
the carapace. 

Fig. 2. Fragment of plastral bone of above specimen. Shows character of the 
sculpture of the plastron. Natural size. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 32 





CARAPACE OF BAENA HAYI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 646, 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 33 





PLASTRON OF BAENA HAYI. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 646, 





U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 34 





CARAPACE OF ASPIDERETES LANCENSIS. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 646. 





‘se «2 Pp. 3 : = = 168 a 





50 PL. 35 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


F ty 


Pe 


thelial | ~ 
ott me | 


wv 





CARAPACE AND PLASTRON BONES OF ASPIDERETES LANCENSIS., 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 646, 





DESCRIPTION OF THREE SPECIES OF CRABS (OSA- 
CHILA) FROM THE EASTERN COAST OF NORTH 
AMERICA. | 


By Mary J. Raruevun, 


Associate in Zoology, United States National Musewm. 


INTRODUCTION. 


A reexamination of the specimens of so-called Osachila tuberosa 
in the United States National Museum discloses the presence of 
three species instead of one in the area extending from Cape Hatteras, 
North Carolina, to the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies. The 
species are very closely related and their ranges overlap. ‘Through 
the kindness of Dr. Walter Faxon and Prof. C. C. Nutting, I have 
been permitted to study all the specimens in the Museum of Com- 
parative Zoology and the Museum of the State University of Towa. 


CHARACTERS COMMON TO OSACHILA TUBEROSA AND ITS ALLIES. 


Carapace octagonal. Six large protuberances: one mesogastric, 
one metagastric (paired), one cardiac, one mesobranchial (paired). 
Protuberances and lateral margins finely eroded, as if worm-eaten. 
Lobes of front separated by a deep, closed or narrow button-hole 
fissure. Antero-lateral margin (continued toward the buccal cavity) 
finely dentate. Postero-lateral margin with four larger teeth or 
lobes, including the one at the lateral angle. Mavxillipeds, sternum 
and bases of legs below, eroded. Chelipeds eroded. Upper margin 
of manus tridentate. Margins of legs thin, punctate. 


DIFFERENCES. 


O. tuberosa and antillensis are similar in form, while the carapace 
of semilevis has the antero-lateral margin longer in proportion to 
the postero-lateral, the postero-lateral margin being therefore more 
transverse. O. tuberosa and antillensis have a small longitudinal 
protuberance between the branchial and cardiac protuberances; O. 
semilevis has none. O. tuberosa and semilevis have the cardiac 
region subcircular in outline; in QO. antillensis this region is con- 
tinued backward in a narrowed prolongation. On either side of the 





PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. 50—No. 2138. 
647 


648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


posterior part of the cardiac region there is a tubercle in tuberosa 
and antillensis, but not in semilevis. The carapace depressions are 
everywhere deeply eroded in antillensis, more so than the elevations; 
the depressions in ¢twberosa are only in part eroded, largely closely 
punctate; all the depressions in semilevis are smooth to the naked 
eye, but microscopically punctate. Frontal lobes of antillensis 
more advanced than in tuberosa and semilevis. Antero-lateral mar- 
gin thicker in antillensis than in tuberosa or semilevis. Postero- 
lateral teeth of tuberosa triangular, the first or lateral tooth pro- 
jecting sideways beyond the antero-lateral margin, the last tooth 
rectangular, subacute, larger than the two preceding; the postero- 
lateral prominences in antillensis and semilevis are rounded lobes; 
in antillensis, the first or lateral lobe does not project sideways be- 
yond the antero-lateral margin, the last lobe is very little longer 
(from apex to base) than the third lobe, and the third lobe very 
little longer than the second; in semélevis the first or lateral lobe is 
produced sideways equally with the adjacent antero-lateral tooth, 
the last lobe is longer (from apex to base) than the others and is 
wider than the third lobe and narrower than the second lobe. The 
abdomen of tuberosa and antillensis is deeply eroded all over, that 
of semilevis is moderately eroded along the sides and on the last two 
segments. The manus of ¢uberosa has the proximal tooth on the 
upper margin bifid; in antillensis the proximal tooth is tridentulate ; 
in semilevis all the teeth are simple and entire. The fixed finger in 
semilevis is shorter and the dactylus more deflexed than in tuberosa 
and antillensis. Dactyli of tuberosa and antillensis covered with a 
short, dense, feltlike pubescence, which is absent in semilevis. 


MEASUREMENTS. 
Width at Antero- Postero- 
Length 
N : Sex. Cat. No. aed 1 1 1 1 lateral 
ame PH) CMM odin 1 BC ARRRERY aes 
O. tuberosa..... Female. . 8746 18.2 20. 2 11.6 10. 2 
O. tuberosa..... Male..... 46044 9 9.4 5a 4.7 
O. antillensis...| Female?. 9503 19.2 212 Loe 11 
O. antillensis...| Male..... 9508 11 11.8 6.8 6 
O. semilevis....| Female?!. 17851 11.6 13 TED 6.3 





1 Holotype. 


No. 2188. THREE SPECIES OF CRABS (OSACHILA)—RATHBUN. 649 





OSACHILA TUBEROSA Stimpson. 
Plate 36, fig. 3. 


Osachila tuberosa Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, 1871, p. 154.— 
A. Mitne Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, 1880, p. 20 (part; 
specimen from Sombrero, 54 fathoms, only).—Smiru, Ann. Rept. 
Comunr. of Fish and Fisheries for 1885 (1886), p. 636 [82].—RATHBUN, 
Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 290 (part; speci- 
men from Station 24), 

Distinguished by its thin-edged postero-lateral margin armed with 
triangular teeth, the first one, which is situated at the lateral angle 
of the carapace, projecting sideways beyond the antero-lateral mar- 
gin; the fourth or last tooth prominent, larger than the two preceding. 

Carapace not eroded all over. 

Cardiac region rounded behind. 

Upper margin of palm tridentate, the proximal tooth bifid. 

Color—Sand color with reddish cast, white below, claws and legs 
white (Henderson). 

Variations —Stimpson says of tuberosa that the lateral tooth of the 
carapace “forms part of the branchial protuberance.” This is true 
in only two of the nine specimens examined, a female collected by 
Stimpson (No. 2994, M. C. Z.), and a larger female bearing eggs, 
from off Sand Key, Florida (No. 47955, U.S.N.M.) ; the remainder 
of the specimens have the branchial protuberance separated by more 
or less of a furrow from the lateral tooth. The separation is most 
evident in the largest specimen, a female (No. 8746, U.S.N.M). In 
most of the 6 smaller specimens the depressions of the carapace are 
wholly punctate, not eroded. In the single male (No. 46044, 
U.S.N.M.) the protuberances of the carapace are smaller and the 
depressions deeper than in the female, the proximal tooth on the 
upper margin of the manus is so deeply bifid that there appear to be 
4 subequal teeth in all. (Stimpson says, “four teeth”.) Stimpson 
also says, “ The cardiac protuberance is rounded and smaller than the 
metagastric ones.” This is not true of any specimens that I have 
seen; the cardiac protuberance may be lower but it is quite as large 
as, or larger than, the metagastric protuberances. 


LOCALITIES OF SPECIMENS EXAMINED BY THE WRITER, 


Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lat. 35° 12’ 30’’ N.; long. 
75° 05’ 00’ W., 48 fathoms, bottom temp. 77°, ers. gy. bk. 8.3 Sintien 
2269, U. S. Fish Comm. Str. Albatross, 1884; 1 female, Cat. No. 8746, 
U.S.N.M 

Off Sand Key, Florida, 40 fathoms; J. B. Henderson collector; 1 
male, Cat. No. 46044, U.S.N.M. 

S. by E. from Sand Key Light, Florida, 61 fathoms; J. B. Hender- 
son collector; 1 female ovig., Cat. No. 47955, U.S.N.M. 


650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 


Off Key West, Florida, Sand Key Light bearing W. N. W., Key 
West Light bearing North, 60 fathoms; Biol. Exped. State Univ. 
Towa, June 19, 1893; 1 male, 1 female, 2 young, Cat. No. 12111, Mus. 
State Univ. Iowa. 

Off Sombrero Key, Florida, 54 fathoms; U. S. C. S. Str. Bache 
(Wm. Stimpson), Apr. 2, 5th cast; 1 female, Cat. No. 2995, M. C. Z. 
Identified by A. Milne Edwards. 

S. E. of Key West, Florida, 61 fathoms; J. B. Henderson collector ; 
2 females, Cat. No. 47956, U.S.N.M. 

West coast of Florida, lat. 25° 50’ 15’” N.; long. 83° 41’ 30’” W., 
49 fathoms, temp. 68°, fne. S. brk. Sh.; Station 5091, U. S. F. C. Sch. 
Grampus, 1889; 2 young females, Cat. No. 15332, U.S.N.M. 

West coast of Florida, 50 fathoms; U. 8. C. S. Str. Bache (Wm. 
Stimpson) ; 1 female, Cat. No. 2994,.M. C. Z. Identified by A. Milne 
Edwards. 


LOCALITIES GIVEN BY STIMPSON. 


According to Stimpson, this species was taken also at the following 
localities in the Florida Straits by the United States Coast Survey 
steamer Bibb (L. F. de Pourtales). So far as I know, none of the 
cotypes are extant. 

Off Carysfort Reef, lat. 25° 10’ 30’’ N.; long. 80° 10’ 45’”’ W., 60 
fathoms, sand; Station 146 P (Cast 5), Mar. 21, 1869. 

Off French Reef, 45 fathoms; Station 143 P (Cast 2), Mar. 21, 
1869. 

Off Conch Reef, 40 fathoms; Station 142 P (Cast 1), Mar. 21, 
1869. 

West of Tortugas, lat. 24° 41’ 30’’ N.; long. 83° 19’ 00’’ W., 36 
fathoms, sand and shells; Station 85 P (Cast 4), Jan. 16, 1869. 

West of Tortugas, lat. 24° 42’ 00’ N.; long. 83° 22’ 45’ W., 36 
fathoms, sand, shells, and sponges; Station 86 P (Cast 5), Jan. 16, 
1869. 

OSACHILA ANTILLENSIS, new species. 


Plate 36, fig. 2. 


Osachila tuberosa A. MitNeE Epwarps, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 8, 1880, 
p. 20 (part; all specimens, except from Sombrero).—RatTHBuUN, Bull. 
Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, vol. 4, 1898, p. 290 (part; specimen 
from off Havana). 
Distinguished by its cardiac region not broadly rounded behind 
but narrowed and continued backward almost to a point. 
Carapace eroded all over. 
Postero-lateral margin thick, with rounded lobes, the first or lat- 
eral lobe not projecting sideways beyond the antero-lateral margin. 
Proximal tooth on upper margin of manus tridentulate. 


No. 21388. THREE SPUCIES OF CRABS (OSACHILA)—RATHBUN. 651 


Variations —EKighteen specimens were examined. While the 
majority of the specimens, including the two largest ones, are, as 
stated above, deeply eroded in the depressions as well as on the 
protuberances of the carapace, this is not true in all cases. One 
out of two males of equal size (No. 9508, U.S.N.M.), one male in a 
set of two, male and female (No. 2603, M. C. Z.), one very small male 
(No. 2595, M. C. Z.), one male (No. 2731, M. C. Z.), and one female 
of good size (No. 2922, M. C. Z.) have the depressions mostly simply 
punctate. The frontal lobes, though more advanced in the full 
grown specimens than in tuberosa of the same size, are not more 
advanced when smaller specimens are compared. 


LOCALITIES OF SPECIMENS EXAMINED BY THE WRITER. 

Off Havana, Cuba, lat. 23° 10’ 31’’ N.; long. 82° 19’ 55’ W., 114 
fathoms, coral; Station 2331, U. S. F. C. Str. Albatross, 1885; 1 
female, holotype, Cat. No. 9503, U.S.N.M. 

Off Havana, Cuba, lat. 23° 10’ 42’’ N.; long. 82°18’ 24’” W., 67 
fathoms, wh. Co.; Station 2334, U. S. F. C. Str. Albatross, 1885; 2 
males, Cat. No. 9508, U.S.N.M. 

Off Havana, Cuba; Biol. Exped. State Univ. Iowa, May 26, 1893; 
1 male, Cat. No. 20496, Mus. State Univ. Iowa. 

Off Frederickstadt, Santa Cruz, lat. 17° 37’ 55’’ N.; long. 64° 54’ 
20’’ W., 117 fathoms, R. brk. Sh., temp. 65°; Station 132, U. S. C. S. 
Str. Blake, Jan. 5, 1879; 1 male, Cat. No. 2591, M. C. Z.; 1 male, 1 
female, Cat. No. 2603, M. C. Z. 

Off Montserrat, lat. 16° 41’ 54’” N.; long. 62° 13’ 24”" W., 88 
fathoms, temp. 69°; Station 156, U.S. C. S. Str. Blake, Jan. 16, 1879; 
1 female, Cat. No. 2774, M. C. Z. 

Off Dominica, lat. 15° 32’ 18’ N.; long. 61° 30’ 10’ W., 118 
fathoms, S. brk. Sh., temp. 65°; Station 177, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, 
Jan. 24, 1879; 2 males, 1 female, Cat. No. 2768, M. C. Z. 

Off Dominica, lat. 15° 17’ 20’’ N.; long. 61° 24’ 22” W., 188 
fathoms, fne. S. M., temp. 633°; Station 192, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, 
Jan. 80, 1879; 1 female, Cat. No. 2922, M. C. Z. 

Off Barbados, lat. 13° 11’ 54”” N.; long. 59° 38’ 45’” W., 73 fathoms, 
Co. S. Sh., temp. 703°; Station 290, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Mar. 9, 
1879; 1 male, Cat. No. 2595, M. C. Z. 

Off Barbados, lat. 18° 04’ 12”” N.; long. 59° 36’ 45’’ W., 76 fathoms, 
Co. brk. Sh., temp. 642°; Station 272, U.S. C. S. Str. Blake, Mar. 5, 
1879; 1 female, Cat. No. 2579, M. C. Z.; 1 female, Cat. No. 2643, 
U.S.N.M. 

Off Grenada, lat. 11° 27’ 00’’ N.; long. 62° 11’ 00’” W., 164 fathoms, 
S. Sh., temp. 57°; Station 254, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Feb. 27, 1879; 
1 female, Cat. No. 2921, M. C. Z. 


652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. 50. 





Off Grenada, lat. 11° 25’ 00’’ N.; long. 62° 04’ 15’” W., 96 fathoms, 
Co. brk. Sh., temp. 584°; Station 253, U. S. C. S. Str. Blake, Feb. 27, 
1879; 1 male, Cat. No. 2731, M. C. Z.; 1 male, Cat. No. 2923, M. C. Z. 

One female collected by the U.S. C. 8S. Blake and labeled “ Station 
272. Montserrat.” Station 272 is off Barbados, 76 fathoms. Cat. 
No. 17852, U.S.N.M. 


ADDITIONAL “f BLAKE” STATIONS CITED BY A. MILNE EDWARDS. 


Station 155, same locality as Station 156, above. 
Station 232, off St. Vincent, lat. 18° 06’ 45’” N.; long. 61° 06’ 55’’ 
W., 87 fathoms, Co., temp. 62°, Feb. 21, 1879. 


OSACHILA SEMILEVIS, new species. 
Plate 36, fig. 1. 


Postero-lateral margin much shorter than antero-lateral. 

Carapace smooth except on elevations. 

No longitudinal elevation between cardiac and mesobranchial 
elevations. 

Postero-lateral margin thick, with rounded lobes, the first or lateral 
lobe projecting sideways equally with the adjacent antero-lateral 
tooth, the last lobe prominent. 

Teeth on upper margin of manus simple. 

Variations —One specimen only, a rather small female, has a small 
protuberance between the mesobranchial and cardiac protuberances. 
In some cases the penultimate lobe of the postero-lateral margin is 
so shallow that it has no appearance of a lobe but only a straight piece 
of thickened margin. In the female, No. 17851, U.S.N.M., the meso- 
branchial lobe may be said to include the lateral marginal lobe, but 
this is scarcely true in the other specimens. 


LOCALITIES OF SPECIMENS EXAMINED BY THE WRITER. 


West coast of Florida, lat. 29° 14’ 00’” N.; long. 85° 29’ 15’” W., 25 
fathoms, Co.; Station 2373, U. S. F. C. Str. Albatross, 1885; 1 female, 
holotype, Cat. No. 17851, U.S.N.M. 

West coast of Florida, lat. 26° 19’ 00’’ N.; long. 83° 11’ 00’ W., 27 
fathoms, S. Algae, temp. 68°; Station 5108, U.S. F. C. Sch. G@rampus, 
1889; 1 female, Cat. No. 18203, U.S.N.M. 

West coast of Florida, lat. 25° 34’ 30’” N.; long. 83° 01’ 00’, 27 
fathoms, fne. S. blk. Sp., temp. 68°, Station 5079, U. S. F. C. Sch. 
Grampus, 1889; 1 female. Cat. No. 18204, U.S.N.M. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE 3b. 


Via. 1. Osachila semilevis, female, partially overgrown with bryozoans and 
worm tube. Holotype. X23. 
2. Osachila antillensis, female. Holotype. X2. 
83. Osachila tuberosa, female. Cat. No, 8746. 23. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. 50 PL. 36 





New CRABS FROM THE EASTERN Coast OF NORTH AMERICA. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 652. 





PN DE! 





ACOTOPNALUS cs sccm ese se ct eecs oe noes cinence 574 

Clirints = 52... .c% se sbe swe e ace 578 

COCCOIS. << .s2e<552c555c2- 561, 575, 576 

Ol oni cases aosssess sossaseecsne 577 

SUTICIPCZIAO. 2 Seer scence seme 577 

GOXOMUS s emiacigja asec ssa icisieiaces 576 

Acestrorhamphus hepsetus...........--.-.-- 406 

PLCHAGODSIS SUIMONSIS 22s ascension csss.sece 535 

superciliaris: .. 4.265: -s.0-<--ou5. 535 

NCH AeUISIADONICUS ssecs.ceccsmces< <osesese cee 528 

WINTOSUS Sc cceaseeccinnnces o55eee cine 528 

PAGHINCEISN| GREYS leyta ieee wie A= eiaaaoe > creas 413 

LIN GS bss pee tees eo a ne aes 413 

ACHOLULOS ALIMNATUS s-2 one to sccce ss sie 491, 492, 493 

Den etSSOMI. cee foes eae cine 490 

DOLCWIVOTUS! <.a:2./oc sc Se .- 491, 492, 493 

DEG VAS INUS oe oie ercts iota sa'ascta/o smmscrsr= ise 482 

COMOSUS Se osc ce eect ee ace cna 480 

GW DIS Seen Sasa cen ees aes 487 

Var. COncOlOr:.:)::-2-- 28028 487 

BRIPIC Seep eee ee ok se eec ae 486 

PMGHTION 2 Sean ecachie fe netoncke 489, 490 

NALVe lowe scecece shes S42 be cnet 486 

UIE 5 Ss 2 ccc fe ciceieisgccciee cies 487 

WMMAICO A a a- Sones teas. 459, 496 

[DP PONICUS? 2.2 .cce-~- 45525 Secs 483 

JONGISPINUS. 2.5 .ce62 52 sceesce toc 480, 489 

NMLACSUN VTA VIS on c<cllse caesar we 488 

MARIOS Socee estes eee ose 503 

TMVATINOT AGUS c.ctoc cs Aarcaneieaarcinn 491, 492 

TAGULUS se:ceicicis cscte Sc ctsisidinyais's's sien 481 

MMUNOVUM «5. oa s5 aia toe acineais tie 479 

UTES COMI so cet citer starafelafet =tacsiatafa'acete 508 

nivicola..... eters tere ial siete etal 482, 484 

MaCkardicecsass sac ste close eee me 482 

PEAUOLUINS . i. sere wien eines eisiciee isi 491, 493 

PseuGarnatusis2s2. ec ssccgcce=s 490 

DUTPUTOSCOUS coc emmweeeae cee ae 458 

Schneiders S.see oe oa oe we 480 

(Sch6ttella) glasgowi............. 494 

uniunguiculatus...... 494 

SCHOttl.sa..6 55.525 sooo sete oe 481 

SIP GO Sioee a ececte qo ne ose series ts 490 

SOCIAIS a oes on cecee Soe aon 484, 486 

SpiMifoneaseene sates tee reese 484, 485 

WOXONSIS HE eee ences case shoe 492 

MIPEINA Sanne oe aS seca menses Sac e 480 

tullbereics 5.2 eacccsec sts -ceas 487 

‘Var. COnCcolor:..---...-<.- 487 

unilunguiculatus) <. sce2cccccee sce: 494 

VIAGICUS mite x towicisiame sce ceisicinee.ced 489 
Achorutinae, North American collembolous 

insects of thesubfamily...................- 477 





Page. 

PACUNETISN ot oe cae Nemenen ema et ae een eee eee 384 
APICIOMM Sse. -chc2.5. oss eats eee 384 
ROEM aS cerise sae cig te-cciee tae eee 384 
MIONBSIOLM GH). 2 pesmi cae caiescees saiceeeec cece 579 
WOrIMIGOlGsi-.c ecw see nee 583 
JaviscapUs:...~cssascssoc—cees 580, 584 
Muleholla® S525 -5ssen eee ee 580 

FONWICOMIS: 2 scas sac leet cee esses 581 
Ageustiana fragilalis................-.---00- 334 
BUATAA 42 cee s skeet s sect eee 334 
INGELMOdIa «2 ass. eeescae See 334 

DUN aS osek see ee eae eee 334 
LUMA 6a soos eccmece Seca ees 234, 335 
MCCVANGIS=neeeee ses see eee 334 
MOK ess sicecaedcsseeattccesseseewes dod 
MUSTipal iS 2 s-2 22-06 ve seeaeee ee 334 

TTT OUIN BG neler ciectawiete saiee es etejc ae 334 

PA AON IC Ons cae: Aistercwtele a tre tlemte's, Sacer Sneeee 367 
SHOUGNI 226 aehces 45s heehee Roeee 367 
Agonopsis asperoculis............----.----- 403, 409 
AlaSa COCrUICH 55. .c2 eden csc esecas seces 460 


“ Albatross’’, fishes collected by the steamer, 
during 1888, on the voyage through the 


MUralts OF Mage llans xs aerate ciccies cc e.c:c cesses < 401 
AlinZd DANIAMOIGESs.<<.s'10<os,ccceieneee aaa cele 392 
GUNMAN G Soon eens eee eeee ee 393 
GiScessalis <i hecbacn eee oencceee- cee 393 

MTOR OMIA: ee once se eee eenie ee tecaaensaecele 279 
DATISSANIS-soe5- asst eet ceses aoceoeee 280 

ATOSS MOGUIMA Use cao eet ote cre eee eee 405 
Anepischetos abscisalis..... ds jatciaisvareistcieeraeees 389 
ANATAPANA. 0... o see ocean 390 

DIPBUUA Lc casacencciss2 esse 339 

ealistalisens. Ars asco ss se eee 390 
Castricaliss.casessccn=s4s2eecee= 390 

CTAMDS)IS..<. 222522. ee cos seceeee 389 

GO POSAIS S62 Soccer ne oe eee eee 390 

GIVOLZONS.. Fleiss o.deac ces se sec 390 

Vangelis cececaemnecen} hoe eee 890 

EOI [Wi cwiecce gael 390 

PUTAS: 25 cet cere eee eer eee eee 390 

Paudialis 5.22 s.tccscc-sseecsees Bot 

POZA ses: sicee o Se er teiee se eeemieie 390 

WUCHLASALIS |S. ..cie rtwce'<elese om clercle 390 

IN GOnbATA eee Caeser 390 

lactiferalisz co. 22nceeseceessees 391 

WPAN Gc 3. c sac oes tewaemeewanas 390 

lividen o.ccceo oon's see oc ace 390 

LUVIGSIIS'. cetereiss eis-eocsieesc se 2s 389 

TOROS 1s Sobel oe seces senses 390 

MaACtALAIS Lacs oc cee case ewe 389 

MINAS coseacaceaassse snes eee 389 

PALANCALE < 65.00 ccinle ewesisis acini ae 390 

PeLIANIS ee ssa sea hens eee 390 


1 A specially prepared index accompanies Maurice C. Hall’s paper on Nematode Parasites of Mammals 
of the orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea (this volume, pp. 1-258), and therefore the titles 


in that paper are omitted from this index. 


653 





654 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Anepischetos porrectalis............... Hye) 1089" |>-ADhycus) physokermisss2: so. ausemeueserecans 606 
Securalis.. oi 2.54¢ e Fest, Be a 389 pulvinariaey jo. a ncse ee eeeees 618 
tepecaliss 205 hese sees 390 punctipes!cs.cec sees 561, 568, 612 
PUCUMANANIS sete Ne aos ee Ne ees 391 Piloylceo ccs cenit eesws meena 600, 603 
varlabilisis =. .ocsosestes jeeeas 390 TUStIs.2 secs once acess cee al eae 617 
Weltalis: 3255. S.ceathauen basses 390 Schwarzi-e. Sesc ces ocs aa eeen ee ee 599 
Violealis. 3/3555 tesahee Mae 390 Similis.. ise eset ose chases ances 605 
Anoura gibbosa Bie dig ate eee isin ae 508 StOMACHOSUS: 252 eecee oe eee eee 630 
MAGNA oie ee eee ree Sa 510 Subfasclatus: <22 0 22eeerie sins eseeane 601 
WALL etki es est eee 503 terryi......-.-.+----2---2eeeee eee 561, 563 
MUSCODUM).< 53352228 eae oe 508 texanus...-..--.+--++-+2++2 eee es 561 
sextuberculata. ..<.. 22, aed!aeck oce 508 townsendi......---.-+-++++-++++++- 561 
Antilibiniagilloloensis.....................-- 537 Ba HCO OR cece alee ree aa ae 
Smilthiie a2. 2.0 sesolnteee ce. 538 | Apustis.. cen a ac 

: Sabulosay < 22636525 cc. Sse eesasenecice 2 
seis gibbosa de hse hot 7 NO ace Lge H08 Argania albimacula:.<. . s2te2ee--ee eee ee 305 
PISANUOA ss sac -ceisa steep ee eae me ce 509 pilosa 305 

INUISCOLUM 5. oieisisyrte Soe Eee ee eae 508 i PR SEe ARS Of," a) tee We Ns Gna Rea ene 

; ; Aviphrades plumiigera; .'.-2stcciteneeeee sense 314 
Anurida amorita awltnqassccscse seo ase i akeeee 505 Settila:....uie2.2, Via rai den 314 
ee agro alee aera a oe aici 506 AT IStETIA? ANLOLOS:<c2a.5-5.5555.- 6 eee 306 
maritima Sse stesso meee sae 503, 504 apicatazcc: 5: .acsc secs ee ee 322 
tullbergi....-.--+-+--+-++----+-2+-- 504 bleptinalis......., es. amueeeeee 307 
NDI. CODSIS = erwiwiolem es w'elesecesctesaes ones naa 585 HOCANGIS + cscs vo eee 306 
australiensis: 2246.02. ccens 585, 586 Callulalisc. cia Maal ale tee 306 
Aphycus, revision of the parasitic hymenop- choerilus.....2 2. 0e¢enctee ieee see 306 
terous insects of the genus. ...... 561 conspicua.\.|.s.. 22. aseuese eee oe see 306 
Albertiec, fs oa 2sosteis cice ac eeies 633 Gurviliniea..2.¢ shod 2eeeedeeee 306 
albiclavattss.(00ii cocscesacee tence 561 dissona -4'2) 2a. eGo Ao meet 306 
AUDICOMNIS ee te asses sees ecte ae Ne 594 fatistitassa:jsdeee tute oh eee eee 306 
albopleuralise? os. ci genes te asieee as 612 furrine ss: solos. 33 5.6 tee 2 306 
INO CIS Geese wees oe Noe ete aioe 562, 638 mayalis.. (i.:<¢ 522 setweeee Sse 306 
BN POlCUSt ee ace see eeeeerete eee 561,570 pholoe.-. 2. 2.50222 oi UaMSP As epee a 306 
ANNU POS joe shse ce istesinee ce siaees 624 Picatalis’ ..:.20::. 52. sepenie ok 310 
Apicallis Moe eee coat antes 561, 588, 595 theroslis. .3.5i.552/.22hiceteeeeeic ce 306 
IDEUNNONS Se osnes eos neesete see 632 trinitalis: <2 .2 cscs sane See 306 
Califormi Cus 22226 Sat ccs areccnees 622) |) Arrade. <ccbscccke ce nes see voce eee ete 278 
ceroplastiss 8s. 4-cdecaceeacc te eace 625 erebusaliss ss: ,s/o5 =. Fsoeihescste ces 278 
Chrysopaes: stosseeceemeneecscnee: 561 JUDG os ccceeceset ces ee eRe eee 278 
Glavigenss S22 2c ci Sete entont a soe 620 LiNOGITESS . 5523 23 2 eee eee 279 
cockerollises: os asiehcteses cess 604 MONACSES's = <i. so. se soe eecesee ee ee 278 
coguillettices seas vere ee one cee 607) Artiloxis.;... 2. s..c04.cee + avecbeeeeeeeemoeee 392 
dactylopliv:32.ccisoteecctccke sans 561 VitlOSAS-s2e se 35k eo roel 392 
OLLOCOCCH Sas stcaee cemeeee tesen es 631, |). Aspideretes beecheri...-.5.-.<--s-shed-set = 644 
Eruplone cide scccseec cesses ete weee 628 fOVESTUS: -3.5 5-2. - Sas eeeeeene oe 644 
Ha VACODS Sew sete eames ee ana aes 582 lancensis 2.25. 9252 eeesteeee ee 643, 646 
HB VUS mies eee se ceca enero cea 634 | Aspidophorus chiloensis.........-..------.-- 411 
fuscipennis: o. - ce hoeee ces eaeactiae 597 || Astyanax rutilus....5.2J0:- sce seesceee eee ee 406 
hederaceus........-.--- 5 re tectam 562,632 | Astymachus japonicus....<-.-.25ceste.- = 586 
HOWardl-<. 222 se: seem ashsatmacceeee 638 |) Asylaeadnflexa: 3... ohn: Sacco etedaeec cont 398 
immacwlatus:: <0 c<tedechese sen 638. |: Atherina laticlayias..s2.ose-< 22s eee 463, 465 
JOhvSONI. 55 cc2 teehee eae 602 microlepidota..-2-.--<= ease. 463, 464 
King h so) os on dent tows ete sed 613 TOP. cc cacs cece ewes sheets ae 465 
local... ...-.5 iasebeetiteccimaes 596 | Atherinopsis microlepidota.........-...-..-. 463 
Llichtensiae .,2\).., ease Mewes =. 615 regius..- 5.2.0 ove 463 
lounsburyl..j-.5s see eeneased 610: || Athurmodes'spreta:..- <2... <2-s<laeiceeets-oicle 311 
titeolusij. cess eehe seer soc ate 636 ||) Atopomorpbha; =. Jeticec ces oae eee ee 337 
maculipennis jor. cirancee sass ccats 593 singularis . <0 cts. Joe eueeeecive 338 
MACUL OS arate esa 621 |) Baenaantiquass::cc 522% s.i.5cccii-e nse eisnese 642 
TOAYTI a chee sete a ee eae aaes 592 CallOSas oie cia. ais shiaic Sais miei iecteies sist 643 
melanostomatus.-....2-.--<ce.<--- 608 Matchorle chutes <2 cece sins aes 641, 643 
MOXICANUS 2 ead. Suess eee = 627 TS Yd ae a ecto a aie Bieri ita ete a erie 641, 643 
MIperes woo ce toae weet ee ee ones 561 marshii 2.) <2) Je Se eee 643 
MILONS eases sae ocho ten ee 568, 632 TIparia secs ccs ee eee ee eee 642 
OBXACHON Ele hee cccue ste nate T ete 624" | -BasilichtysJordani. 2. - 5-2 a nee ee ceamete 466 
oregonensis! 2! : svi sees soso 592, 637 microlepidota: 52-2 --=-s-eeeee 464 
philippiges:):22.-508 he ebowseces 568, 634 OCINVIUBL< «che acc 5s saee a eee meer 466 





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INDEX. 655 

Page. Page 

Basilichtys:regillus= <.-2--a-222sese25--02-0-5 466) Boletobianmicraster.<. 5 3.<<-ccc.dcescwees oe = 397 
Berocynta simplex... 22 csc.c.csnccce..-2 eo 282 NIVOSItG cs Thise cscmiselnace atime 396 
Banmlesexcolsalises—- 22. cce + eaeceh ane se <= 398 DY SIN Cd sae eee eee eee ae 397 
HS ALOUISH CLE ISALIS Soil xtelshststestra ian sini a/o o's <i 304 GONCDYOSS Stine esos accesses 397 
SAS IS hl SMT see =e vlan aa sins wea nar = oe 398 WUEPISs ss cies cesecicctesiiecscectee ete 397 
PSI SMUIN A ACAS HUSAIIGS Us sac eieeerao es sie a 304 Vallalanc ed cassewcicectes ocessesaqaes 397 
HeAUISAIST. 2. c-a sesh s a's < eee 398 |) Bolica armatas sc.cos-< cece Seseacwseseaeeees 32 
BIDICISCAIISS so oe ee ieee soe en oes S02 |) BOMOlOCHA ses ae seemee se cme cece eee eee eee 386 

BLOCRUSE daar s cress ioe =a aadidene ees 354 abscondalisica-c-cecsseeeees eles 387 

SA TMUSAIIS 5 aac scfafams aa. a aiefeian ee oie 356 acclinalise sc... sssesesesee ese 387 

SAG MNT TSS aeepen = = meet cree metals ml 354 QIN MONS oasc- 2 eceec ee eeses 387 
DATACOAN Aas S50<.26— 5 See eeee aaa 354 ANGTACHa.8.5cagecsceeeine see aecee 387 

DOPCSANIS 2 < s0c.:. eee eeesens-= == 299, 353 SN O TOUR eet a/oeet eas ee 387 
CRODIOSAUS setae tas eariac' gases 299 ANG WIA 55. Se ocsoccatesse soe se 387 
Caradrinalis. . 2-220... peraearete ei- = 353 Chplra fog, 6 gee oe ee eee 388 
Carlona fesse 2 sees ated fracas sere 395 Cla xaliS- seeeeers see ee eee eee 388 
GTA SSe DLS) eae eer ere Siete oeeler 299 COMUELIS: ei. Stas eaereeteatas 388 
CLA Cares tne See ee ae eee seas 304 columbiata.<.........-2cccsss--- 368 
GOMMISHHS). aoc Se eee ease cse se 353 CONGItAMS 22 /,2a2. 2 -ceseeeeee eee 387 
1G) CG beeen setae yates ae 357 CaSIS|IS'scastsc verareee see estes 387 
GIO PIS a4 = ae tar Seles sine sins cite 22 354 GOOTa Ks cc ks 3 See ee 388 
@MINGUSs 22 - sees ose sae Ss a2 2's 358 QVUCORIG 2 a. cisicucceetec ee seeeeemee 387 
fadusalis....... ee SS seers 351 GUCAIIS asin ote de Serene ee eee 388 
fASCAtH sos ce dest os Lac tite ous tis 354 exoletalis...2. ch snes eeee eee 386, 387 
flesiglise.. 22ers eek aeek eu scce 352 OxOVIGBIIS.. 3.4.52. cece es ae 387 
yduilalinie. @ sees oes Saget kos 354 frigida 2.326522 sssc8 od... ceases 388 
AMS TIS CaM ate ere tans a mei eioe oa oars 354 glumalis-- 4220 smsssSseecosecuee se 388 
TaSQGa sl oito less Semin does oesGiclo<ce 354, 357 pulembeslishse: scesceee. os eeee 388 
latonassc 2 accesses fates tele este 357, 358 Tassie <.geoe see eee ee eee ee 387 

TLE espe es oc ee east 354 LaGalis oo0 cease eee eee eee 387 
miennlCasalis.. se ccu teeta Salsas 354 NOGUSTR z2cc.csce = Seneca eee eeeeee 387 
TOMI PDUSAIIS? « <5/c Seneca cree = 324 MOPASPUG. 2. ssccaesecesseseascae 783 
MELO DECALS. ja sco a-<'eeeesscee ee 353 TUM Boe wpaistere ciel steires es ase oee 388 
MUTI COLON sesas2 tease ee ecees toe 355 MOLrelOsalis: cis s..e2 secre neces 389 
TAT. O1 OU Chee aes oct tate nny= ots 358 pacatalis... ....ci-%<.seeessassseas 387 
ODSCUTH ascot esat wee ceh eee ees Soe 354 penumbralis.........-.-- JPR ae 388 
MleaTOS testa ees ar ee Boia 354 PODAyaNawen ied ee eee eee 388 
Ol VOSCOUSS stasojzm/=2 = <8 eee et 354,358 purpuralis........ Se ee 387 
Menicillaliss= so oe2 seer ee 344 subldaliss..2228s2.20ss.cs0se5ec 387 
pentheusalis. .... ph. £) a ae A 354 brANSVGrsalis eee esa eee 388 
MianASsPalis so cceses- 26 keene sss 354 TuWralisc. 222 nossecesccce- oeseee 388 

jo) ail Es) Ko'cts Nhs page ee ae ee, ae 354 UM bralise. ee see nese eae 387 
phoclonsliss-<..5...2ke ce eee 293 UVvaliSoe3 sis. cece seca nce oaee ee 388 
DIPWOSBLIS <-oeo aati ea eas ne 354 Vvallceralis 2:22 senses tt eaeceee 388 
POLUGSALISS | aac ae ceeeeaee tered sok 354 WetUStalis ose ss esseeeee ee eee 387 
Diassalist es = seeeee ee ne eee ee 353) Bonlananiveilinea....2... 2262.5. 2-2 sane 314 
PIUTMNESCOUS «Av. oc ba Ss book BAS ABOSHEY.CHATIO = 2/ta cle njcinie'= ce erecies ae eae 395 
Plideste: 2. Sass. 23! .2ee el dei2ece. B56 |PEDOUNTIOCIBOLAa. <2 Seeman ms meee aaa ee 567 
TOSPONSAlIS=..-45ascas-2 eee eee 325 HAVAIPOS! <i Faas cscs ccesiceee 568 
Subject deessaser eee wae eee oe 354 | Botothenia cyaneobrancha.........-...-.... 426 
SYM S wage fot st acletentaened oss 398 | Brachysius dilatatus..............2.---2..+- 499 
thisbesalis......... eee ee: 354 | Bradunia costigutta......--..-sc---0-2--eses 298 
MIFIGUSBILIS! scectas peecees cack hoc. 354 PUANADANa ss ccc sewet ase saaes 298 
WIGDIUSAMS owls ser sa seee eee S 348 AMPOHs sc asa sacscecs caeweceee 297, 298 

SUI GURY =e orc reece ce eee eee 356 TACO WM Ati seracrcln sins Scltc io cee eaters 297 

ZONUIUIMs vocaee os see las ewes Sr4. | BYEVOOLIa LYTANNUS: «cae. ce.e= eco 5 to ais einsisieiee 405 
Bleptiphoraecs: <2 ste esses Sao oa Seecie ws 7a ES TUG TIAN Mise ie eine ratarm sla cies areleferaim sin stleca al oieie tesierard 304 
Jaureritia sie e228 tes SP 272 Obaeitalisiss <icases acc aacieie< see's sisee 304 
Boanasemialbasdsec. 22. -ciseseececees scence Sehr lb Biurdepbidecac seeetccececetasesasecc ee easce 364 
Baocanamalis: 6.23342 eo oo oe eS oe 325 lipn aliases se iecwee eset cea 364 
MAT POSIB sneer ne ee oes te le te cei sd 282 TVS Sacchi es hae aecinae eae ee 364 
pagasusalis ose. ccsadeesecedsces ss 345 | Calliclinus geniguttatus................-.-.. 468 
Boletobia annuligera....-..................- 397 | Cambogia albopunctata........-......-...-- 398 
OSLO B.Sc secede steevecees cece aces 807 | Campometra? peonza.....2.224.26.20-c2e202 399 

PUINOL A eas eine sie ease ee ees vss os $96) | Capisicurvate ci oc-c focccace es. ect noes oe 373 

GUNO Sesser essa a ermecjoce ee aches ss 307 " Capnodes? argina: ...-.2<12-c.5222)- ee ocnwee 375 





656 INDEX. 

ago. Page. 
Capnodes?ibasalisusasssson..5- 2 ese scceeeee 360) |) Cyrtomaiaechinatalc.<...cccvcccsscceteeseee 533 
Gifidenssacsaoshca tore nek 360 goodridgelis..sisocctee ce ceen eee 533 
lappa siseenio sen eee eee moss 875 NOMid as sss sesis cooseis Pee eee Oe 532 
Carillade harmoniausevccsasewaece ese ee isa - 392) Dectocraspedon.\..-5- joscece asses aeeee ee cee 328 
Carteris csc. ooase es ease sos eae ae ears 360 braziliensis:s7.-= 20540 seeeeee 328 
anticloa staan swisecesoaee ees = cee 360 latefasciata sc: ese eceeeees 329 
ineana cesses wcbive souise neers 360 obtusaliss./j.ase sees ee oon = 329 
nea ta ee Nua cievaccners eens 360i} Dercebis's scr iianwis hereon seen See estes os 335 
oculatalise|seccssiee vac seeee pees oes 360 Iphilas cps sdeasaesassee ce 336 
proliferalise sic... / eee ee ea 360 perdictas id sss 557535 336 
Catulus canescens. ..........20.00020c000- sae» 420 POLVIGUS 5 seisicerre ea Hae aa cate 335 
Chilensiss isc awisiocisiee eee ees e saan: 457 WitWOGs 1s dcses newer cnsteeeeeeeeen es 335 
CHAHOTR eo sec cesctoceewoscwantee see teececes 318 | Diastreptoneura distorta. ........-.-.......- 308 
INOGsdsdos sows oe NE SHEN tees sacs 318] Dida cidaria' so. osesc<tscesie eee eee 391 
tanralise [ois -cisetasot eee scm aie 3181} HDIodInes —sostGee sie soce oe sone tee eee 373 
tepetlalisce cee oe jie5s Beaten sce 319 trilinea: oo 34sec aonves ee oot ecees 373 
Charmodia/Vectisoo) ..icice euctnnseeemecon cee 3430)| (DIplodira sce asocc sein coe vesinsioloeinetes cease se 280 
GHIPCOMIA! ce clsnscaaisloieecrsome els HEE a ok cece 319 jamaicalisjsissicascas see ee eee 280 
AQUINAS. Sai aocec sete saatec ese 320. | Ditrogoptera iste sc/-esiardeeismesoaweecenlece 266 
CONVELZ ONS. ssh. bine oe Ise ess 320 trilineatacscc. 5 sc.cese eee eeese 266 
Choriliajaponica: osc-.tecekies Reeeee eee cce 540nll Dogninades as oxsiceccietcieyoseaaeeee ete 308 
LONGUS 2a sacar ae sews 549 | ?Drepanopalpia cassida..............-....... 399 
sphenocarcinoides..................- 548 DolycymMaes. nc mseese seems 350 
Ghytolitas..ccias sees een sneetweee ek eeeeasaeces S43 Drobeta Coboras << <ais)<(-\clsniewinsnminceee secceecs 318 
Citharichthys microstomus ................. 412 Vebaie- eek sei wcsslos ces ceeeeeeee oes 318 
Gladoniac2.scce sec sie ones eenane Sersc me sine tie $63.q] SDTUGUING = 2 -sejeceeeing-coscesoceeeee ee eree es 322 
TOG Gs Stoicitc sercsc ee OS A le 963) )|\ ules auriganc..s2cceewcsicceniseesoeeeee ees 408 
GlareIa So Sadsaseiweleic secs s Sas CASE RRE cick ese 317 | Dusponera «<< .s\--.- 2-09 sce ciecine om snisciele'ssieisie= 299 
DOTOL A oe cake oleic, chalayaec clo one siaveine 317 fanmids vac dodsrcicssiceg senteeerenee 299 
Mioniatarmph ess segs So saia icles roles tereave chew sleretoi 287 semifalcata\sc. 2/)s-- ti sec eee 299 
CATUTAIIS cia ters eas SE ie al 288 | Dysglyptogona dissimilis......-.-.--..------ 393 
Clupanodon aureus..... enn thrtentem ee cic ciste 405 | Dysperalis illocata........---....----------- 301 
@lupesarcuatas ss Actsict wmicisisinidesuienen ceca 405 | Egnasia albipunctata. .....-.-------+--2..-0. 365 
NOtAGAMTHUS'.|<\.=.0/<leisieee sees ee 460,461 | Eleginops maclovina........---------+-+--- 424, 467 
YTANNUS? So sciscteisiciciesc Patiesieeeatelciere 405: || (engraulis japonicus .:<<\..\..1.5s.cisemajs ees 461 
Coelorhynchus chilensis. ..-....5...52...6. 403, 473 MOLGAKS= = oc eeiecciisceeessamee es 461 
commutabilissc.cce ies... ccs 475 TANG ONS )- swlaiweclajacianjain'aisee ates sae 461 
fasciatus: <5 Steeisnee sc 473,476 | Epiphanis esperanzalis ...--..-------+----.-- 287 
patagoniaess Lees eeios. <n - 403,475 | Epistrema.....-.------+----+-++-+-++++++---- 361 
COA 2a asicaia see cetsicse stance Somer e ees Sadia 317 glaucostictal.jc.-i-\-s reassess 361 
ITU DIS ee creee oe oe rioie icraos as Sista eae cece 317 OLAS imc ooe sine Sees eeeeiaeee 361 
Collembolous insects of the subfamilies sieales i euBaictinseeeeeeeeeeeees 361 
Achorutinae, Neanurinae,and Podurinae.. 477 | Epizeuxis emula...-..--.------------------- 359 
Compsemia Ne eseesiocceiecis see ne cite 274 ONSOL Ye eA ee ac secenceeeeeeeeee ae 360 
TORS Sua iced sase ese nencuee 275 Litwralises es sacar seicteettette lars 322 
eatarraphas. sasccinc eee eee cee 275 lubricalissas-5a-- 2c esee eee ree 360 
Turtiva ss seseaake a ee eee 275 Oaxacalisisce=-<<- Reese eee 359 
OTaciulimay sc) icccwleceee eee 275 terrosalisssticcc..c oe coseeee cence 359 
Insularis sec ee ee ic eine 975 | Erosiamiveinotata'.... ..-. -..cmcasuocpeben a 366 
plumbeas Seat tees! 7501) MACH MIGIUM oie. scilaana ices a senpe arose 458 
Gorynitis pencillalis=:3)..2.\-5. ese eee 398 Coeruled see cence eee eee a 460 
Coryphaenoides anguliceps.....--.-..-....-- 472 notacanthoides.....--.-.....- 458, 461 
ELIOMMUS. «5-7. Sel feseci-=\- 403,471 | Etmopterus granulosus....--.--.------------ 420 
C&DILO. ssc eee nase ceneees 472). Wuchromalid.uic/seecemniecnitmcinceeteeneeecas 277 
latinasutus settee eee eee eee Al2)| Bruateliianicaligs ses antes s cm seiesennnecae 318 

pee. ees setttetccecer sree ee ee ees cc Fishes collected by the steamer “ ‘Albatross? 

FA AN CUA TAs arcicte area (nretevajatalwialstaiewinisiets'sie aie 3 o 
Crabsotthe amis Hnchidwand Partbeno- | tet of Maglite ences A 
> JROS OF 2 2 wcccncccrccccccccese 02 r * 

Crabs (Osachila), three species of, trom tho Beet as We oe zamier nae coleae 

Se stern coast of North’ iiiericn ane ke 647 bolous insects of the subfamilies Achoru- 
Cryptopodia angulata cippifer............... 559 tinae, Neanurinae, and Podurinae.. eee 477 

BNSUStAL 2 sss ae 559 | Fossil turtles from the Lance formation of 

Gyolopteryx ss ee ee Ry 365 Wyoming, description of two new species 
filiferalis:2/..<.:.\.4 MES. es 366 | Of. ---.----e eee e eee ee eee erence eee eee eee 641 
THACIODS seo eeelnioe meee en 399 | Uriesea caldaria. << 5. -iciseim nmin ninieetsieisisee ann 499 
observalis wei soacnnateees Seats 366 Clavistanc < cats slejinincniameiemen lacs 500 
paltricialis tee. scces<sencnceasee 366 | Gaala dispunctalis.........--..---.--+-2-0--- 337 


a i ica ae ct a — 


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INDEX. 657 
Page. Page. 
Galaxias attenuatus...............-..-.--- 421,422 | Hyastenus tuberculosus...............------ 543 
IMSCUIBUUSES care cesses sacle a = 421, 422 MOLTUCOSIDESiie ese acess seer eee 545 
Genypterus blacodes.......---..------- Sere om gbe nmr Gea SCADLA see 10-8 ah face erosion eee e eae 386 
ChilenSiSsc 2- taeeeeceree sehr cass 469. | Eiydrillodes totatusea . o. sscccec 2 c0<5-ecec< <3 305 
Gilmore, Charles W., Description of two new Hydropodura aquatica. .................-- 514,515 
species of fossil turtles from the Lance Hymenopterous insects of the genus Aphycus 
formation of Wyoming........-...--...--- 641 Mayr, revision of the parasitic, with notice 
CALL OSIM ae seis Beata eee ce eke ee eee Ao oe 273 of some related genera...................-- 561 
IUCSSAl At emimwic serie oon eas O73) EV DONA as crsceh meee meee ae Seen nce 386 
ROPE ZRLN ee te ete oe ants, chasers sca are eee 344 AMOLDYSUASs. sc smceweae see ee eeees 367 
bronsonalis......-.-.. pease seces 345 DelLeSaliS ean eree meee eee ee 366 
GUCUIGLISW ook eee occ ee ee ks 345 WDISIS HALTS S.2s Ssiscciaje cera. els nena seme 325 
MIG ASALIS Geae2- ase ieee Rak ee his 345 DOLWianaliseansassaqssasee eee 388 
MnGilincaliseeenc-ceres sas setee eee. 345 brazillensis./. 2252. hs sascesis- sees ete 364 
Glenopteris herbidalis.............-.--..---- 380 Cataleuca < 222... esa scicecjeleisteceiae 385 
OCUIATA Se Saccccme see casa clecietn'ss 380 eoncinnulalisi =< coseeoen coe sees 398 
00) 20 Ke 380 Oductalis a. cceee sess egeanensceee 386 
CODICSOxaMATINOTATUS sos4-60' se seen ce = 425 GRLGCLALIS Hamer Seer ee eee 388 
Goednes: 2.5 2-8 sien ssi Sodastebeacowce conics 331 PANCISCAHS, « (is: se otis ae ware sisjereicie ate 388 
abnormalis au. . acc. fossa sss 331 MUSCIPONNis 4... sesn'seesedas- sae see 398 
Gorosing ample = sss iscoosess=s eee k oe 310 EMNGOLNSLIS < oc = stetsjcleciieaicio cena ae = 398 
KCpISUI AN 2 eee roan aes Meme eee eee ee oak 337 LU COPL Gra erie erecta eiae eee 388 
Subilexatar tects. siectasccteaseoss 337 MAE see eeseeaet eee ene seats 332 
Hall, Maurice C., Nematode parasites of TSC: sere aanebassiows pe ecomrrsn noha 888 
mammals of the orders Rodentia, Lago- MdlaleUCRsscce saa cote nse sSestes a 
morpha, and Hyracoidea.......-....------ 1 TAUTIDA «ws: cineee cnnccmcneseinc ewan 398 
Haloporphyrus australis.......-..-.--.+----- 425 pictalis. . 2... +. +e sees esses ee es eee 388 
Haplochiton taeniatus.-....---.-.-2---.++--- 422 pigralis. . wis aja Sein siniw nirieim= Siricinhinim ciate 388 
PebahwS Ae Soy) ease eit 422 eee bee te tees ee ee ee ee ee ee eres a 
Harpagifer bispinis.............2.-2--2..2-+5 424 DU ae agate ae eae 398 
eae . ae Sabbasalisean a teccmenes saa eeeeeee 295 
FEEGUUTILINIG) ASUCL ANS yatare wis steic's <ie'sie'e oem etaia.s <'eisie 325 a tae 
. SCISSQIIS. << Sac cperesr Scammers tcreers 389 
aresalis cee. qecee aq Selects cee 344 ek 
; fe Ko SCI6M HS ere aemacesasaaeee ae aa eceer 366 
biferalisied ¢ i scekccicecececeseses 352 : 
oe 5 e SOCUISUS# cacccnum cece ces saeeisee ees 388 
GISTEGLBU Senescence simcteces = ee 354 at 
figuralis phe tet E A ee Le 337 SUBNGLIS =. Celseamionainceceue eeeeae 391 
aoe PHONES = ce eee eee niec eee ee COO 
RV ASANIS |: re ereieiayarciatarsta\ ania asin! areyars'a—y 312 : - 
. Um DELeralises .cmseceesecesiie eee tee 3888 
MOCNANIS Sass ois scidatcieierisaciatsiee-caiaie 384 : Z 
aeeiag UOT IBIS Bee nee eee eee eee 388 
TNOT PICASA vwSae celta esis sisase e's ee 343 a 
; BU SUAS oo carenmiataraier ciate sista aca epee 388 
PY LAMIUSANS -csaniqsiee soe asisee aces 312 . 
R ViIbtUl a. eco eemse anions caesar see: 388 
GOAUM ASA See eee a oe ce ee 343 1 A 
H fodes? taltula 391 ZATADON Aa adie cena se teesines cose eeees 366 
eg or aes 5 Hypenine, American moths of the subfamily, 
aren espera eae . 9 a generic revision of, with descriptions of 
Heterogramma. . bobaiina. 5° oe pe woe 2) new genera and species.................... 259 
CIrcuIMMexalis= fs. 2.5. cies en = 299 Hypenodes..........2.22.000-0- 278 
micculalis aar Rag ogres 1 VOrLeT an SlbIStrigalisic a. seat eee 78 
PODIUM ANS cranes aie ene eeies 239 Bist tet enous 265 
Hippoglossina MHACTOPS saisece cierclejcte a ssisjes5 2s 424 dubia. .<..ecccecee.oooeee 278 
Homoptera ditata Midge duals oeeenactiednke oe 374 INSCIENS.. . - ooo eeceeeecccececee.. 278 
fimbripes..........+------------- 374 Tysizthiegss oe eae 343 
POUDG! Was sae cas gees rinctanas 2% 374 MOdesta.sccc. arch Mle ees 278 
Hormisa absorptalis.-......-+--+-++++-+++--- 337 | Hypenopsis flualis............2..2--2sseeeeee 301 
Hormoschita pagenstecheri.................. 373 MACHA ce sacle ae ee 201 
Hyastenus auctus............222.--22...000- 543 MNUSAIISS5 Sass staja erates Meee 302 
DIOKIMIS Sa. 5 s-jtiejgsnts sean 545,546 | Hypenula complectalis...........2.....222. 352 
CAIV ALTIUS 55 se 6 ney = cciccet siaje Ss te 546 GElGON A oh sac ows Ateneo wesee coos 352 
Giacanthus. sa2----neececee cess: 542 MUTIAIN sit se de cl coe ee ee 353 
PUATENCHINIS! neacae ctcecacicec se foe 546 OpDACAS Io. sachin secant aaa ae 352 
bilgend Orfits5- sce eee aeseee esos 544 | Hyphypena...............0-02-eeccee eee ceee 272 
OLDISS: Sects aie Sasa shis weeedaesteaece 544 bipunctaliss2.- 7. esses se. eos 272 
ORY. aac e ceca tesla els ae tiers O26 sHiypcochanar seccacssis- secs eee een 266 
DplaMaSIUS Bo oe ones acieine. s,s 546 Luliginoesas..- <2e2st/scoeee cece 267 
SCLODICUISTUS ema = 22 staisete e- 547 | Hypogastrura aquatica...............2..222. 514 
SPINOSUS) . Jens 2eceinstesdhies oes 543 ATMAUA. 52 ests c Ses ecece 491 
PinMaK Census. 3. -ci5s diaaeseeessas 547 ATISIGA ete swleneacens Sa seetene 486 
DEISPINOSUS 2a oscin isto victsers e+ cle 542 JAPONICA Senn cen ccicicn'c emacs - 483 


10600°—Proc. N.M. vol. 50—16——42 








658 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Hypogastrura socialis...............ssseeseee ASA) | TutOgOniae oie eciacwembisce sectors BAe se 332 
Wiatica’ <a accmeucesee cee reece 489 | Lycengraulis grossidens....................- 405 
Hyponeuma leucanioides.................--- 321) || Lytogonia simplex. </...tscccsmece seeecteceee 332 
Hyracoidea, Rodentia, and Lagomorpha, ne- IMacristis. <p orsennocciose nace cae oe hoe aes 276 
matode parasites of mammals of the orders. 1 geminipunctalis......-.....:...- 276, 277 
Idiacanthus'ferox 4-6. 0 cs doseotene eldest 462 PHATOSSLIG ces. Sasitwjemsceetioe ee eres 277 
retrodorsalist;/25 5.2. eee 403,462) || ‘Madopaifirmalis.<-..2-. <osscseaeeccec tose 398 
Hisha favipennis! cee sete eee ee 406: |) Maja bisarmata..- 22-2. <Jsaepsececene~ acces 554 
Inachidz and Parthenopide, new species of linapacanensis: <.< -2/2 525 ciseeeeceeees 553 
crabsiof thefamiltes:. 25.) Se eeeee nee -< 527 MiIserll oc ss ssssasinsececese states 553 
Insects, North American collembolous, of the SULUENSIS ss. i- cis = oie wine slate eee eee 552, 554 
subfamilies Achorutinae, Neanurinae, and Mamerthes‘aonia? . 22.225 os05---eeeaiieee ee 309 
POCUTINAE ea lsslare's Le Lasicwe toate aes eitie we 477 Croce Mess -\2\-2 (co ee slalom em 309 
Insects of the genus Aphycus Mayr, revision PAN FAD. eee caressa maleate 309 
of the parasitic hymenopterous, with notice TV.CAMDES «2 \c6.0,< copra aisere ets 309 
of some related genera........-.-.-.-.-.--- 561 Miprilineas,. 2. = s<..sciccce sess ccs ce 309 
EpneaMarina, Hoc cichiccetee eee sta Ree 372 orionalis.: < ooo osc scnieeomeccee ce 309 
PTS CAN ae creleeisrceson areca ee eee tee 372 terminalis.) 2-2 S wemjesesennare 309 

Laemonema barbatulum..........--......-. 470 | Mammals, nematode parasites of, of the orders 
latifrons e222 skeet eee 470 Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea. . 1 
MOIANUMUM = 2 Sissel = 470) Margites'buguba iss tices snc crice sea cecemeianeis 291 
multiradiatas. cme se ssee- osle 403}. * Maronigsccgessccs nce cmeisemeieasn oeeecieeemee 273 
multiradiatum -. .......25+5/s2--- 469 ColadOne 22. sacs ser cncteeateeaccese 273 
Lagomorpha, Rodentia, and MHyracoidea, Mastigia: sac-2cin ocjaemanesawe seereeeeieseee 321 
nematode parasites of mammals of the or- Mastigophora marima..............-.-----.- 288 
GEIS sence ws ssasicinesiiereccerencasceaseaiee a Init Mastigophorus .<.c7,2\s2-ssccrasesaiteomesecese 288 
Lance formation of Wyoming, two new spe- DUPUSEUS <C so. mcacisiaseceeiesae 289 
cies of fossil turtles from the.............-- 641 Gemissalis? < ssc sec tet eesene 288 
MAS COLLG os toiaio:stoisiniciecicseisrsictaiate See MEe eae ee 3 268 OVvadNeAalis o.oo eschcaise scciele 288 
albibasalis: eed). o5-rre nese ee ae 268 Jamalcalig see eiceeiciewe aes sae 290 
albipunctalis.......0sd22teence se 268 latipenniss. 3. s'scisececisicenees 288 
antigonere cease sme ccaee eee 269 majoralis. .-... Sainielasieisjeeiesienss 290 
OGURA ee ce dasktek Love eaa cee ee eee 268 mallophoras see aciecsiecices se 325 
GTONOSAR =. set ceeseesecoeeee ees 271 NOMMUS. se base accesses ee 289 
barbaralis jas cskieece eee come eee ene 268 Pandestse tes sscnearecsearee ce 324 
cristata 222 oss ace ee ee: 270 Parma: fesaee are eodesatee ee 288 
CULT Ase sss iciccis cs Stet ee ee eee 2 268 pasitheasee sone scccettectaaae 343 
Gulcenas joc else eee 268),)| Mastixisiaeneas! 25: .\.Jscccccic ccs sses—seens 327 
fassliata <i). oss Bech = eee ee eee 268 albilimbstas--.cs sees ses eee se seeee 326 
laurentian Ossvsssce os. 16 See ee 269 ON GIA cae cc nite wascleein seem eels 326 
leucorabdota.2cs-2-- s-ceusenecseeee 268 anthores*e cs eccoe neice eset eee eee 325 
MANGSensNsihosk cess sees eee Ae 268 QODAS se so «scewises seenecserssseeeeae 325 
maronialis#oss ites Jor eS eee 270 APSINTHES ss sicker cce cesi\esiewciseeaeeers 326 
maupalisy:. 5). cee seme asectemensoe 271 BSpisalis sees eee cael clatter aes 325 
Niveas <5 sees otet cee es hese 269 Castronalianc susie snacecon ee sectepe sae 327 
paulonsisis.<5s5she2 ceeeeeeeocieese 268 Chloe ee acres cec nese eee sane eeee 325 
phormisalisi<: so 52cciscssesceeeeense 268 comptulalises<-eoc cece seesceseeeee 325 
epteria; 255.25 ons ase sake ke eee sees 301 dukinfieldiss sc. ote eeeeceeessces 326 
parallela:: 7s szicqsiewecasaseetace setiee 301 galeslisusiwe ecccseecetasceeeeease 326 
Heptoctenista dubiay..2:52..s2aseccetesecens 364 hippocoons soos sseeseee eee cece 326 
Leptomithrax edwardsii...............2...-- 555 hy adess sc. sacs ccs eee eee ee 326 
Sinonsiss< 25 Sneek See 555, 556 infuscata..c--ccnseces se eee eee ee 326 
tuberculatus: <2 2232205. .ae 556 languidas sce o neces la eee cen wera 326 
Meucania cicatrixs ci. :% <ssesseciiscetee eens sa 314 Lines ta Sc sennackianclecewestetonsesees 326 
eucatomiis ja22.2 2. coscscen ecu ee cee nese 359 lysanlaxs.2cf-eacasseeee eee 325,326 
inconditas.)3..s--.csceeseee sees 359 Maced Olesac-eteseaeees Gees cere 325 
Gichaiundilinealis.....2.<2..2sc020 sae eseees 314 plumalis: 22. hososecseeee ese asses 326 
eipnra manitune S222 ses. een ee beatae cae 503 stalomusalisyo--oe nee see eee ee 325 
PAGHOPOMAS as sete seca ce tes hae 379 tessellatal 2 >. <.1.c co seneeoeeace= == 326 
Momanaltes laetwulws.... thi sleterteiees sce 386 turrialbensiseccc.c5 este eciae eee 326 
Mophodittaswc x ste ace siseneiseee ss scenes o 281 | Mastyzophorus epitusalis................-.-- 322 
perspleillaris:.;2 5 ssessesee= seis oe 281") Matiloxisic ccm cco apes nice eee aerate 380 
Lophophora clanymoides. ............-.----- 343 eabarusalis: <i ojccccseceeseleinm cama 381 
GV ANe ee caw dadice eee a-aeeee 344 Gubalisi22- ssc ace neceeaeceenesae 381 
Lotella marginata............c------.....- 425 darconisi-fcctecaeseres comet eeee 381 
au berta ss sss os accaeciactce eee ae alencineisas 320 delacta f.(2. 5.2). eerie eee 381 
Ty MDISALISHS sso ecw niciserateiseawe 320 qlanalis <i eaeinceciaee aoe eee 382 


INDEX. 659 


Page. Page 
Matiloxis jalapenascsscscecesceesecccrniensese 381 | Metalectra croceipalpis..............-----.-- 375 
JOSORLIS eee mateaes ccs see see 381 Cid Vmarreesasecsecen cea decceaaes 376 
WaCeata a. ccsewscic cules cece cmiseciic 381 Giffusasoce seseSews Howtsecdeniccs By) 
Melicertase: seecece ease ee sates see 381 GIVeISata sees Sesedessnncecedes- 376 
NOZOUBA occ cidsctecete sce see occcs 381 CON PALA ceecccedeecessesccsssceas 375 
MUNA S ee sees cee ee aeeeemerician ae 381 {UTVE cccwcnec sebansstatcesscseecse 375 
ZOU soecis aeeie e scaeeaaa comme cee sess 381 SemINICincts < . aces c ese ee <e sce s<< 378 
Mepachy tae cn -ssoa-ciccsee tines Ose seers 322 ANIC GCIGGNS=eeesje nese ae eee eee 374 
ACIP PONYHA sees ites eae 317 NIGHOSUIS. nceeeneseeneo seen aaeae es 378 
Havipunctatalis c= oss o2~- seen 399 WOGISS Seca cisices see eee cee 375 
Mepatomis acidalialis. .: ....0.522.-tceceecee 338 MAT SING Ase saesceare sass e ease 375 
SACUIMMMNALBLS ccicicrcs oeinaia aia acnele se 339 WHOMOPAISS. oc seicienictstericte cia cicnintac ee 376 
SIM ten tee sec ca eiee se aeeeee means 33: MIPS) cciew oss cseene sees eee 375 
STUMP POs accte na:a.s wis ole setae stents) = 339 TUINOUS arora slemieie'a wlate iaieies cite aie arene 375 
BNCONIA ess cmsices. celew scale nen cece 339 PAMES. sjcosccccce cs sinscieidsteeeee 375 
BTN LO cecil esate maciae Bisrarae 339 PANGAN! c.scactyacis ae nies 375 
AUPIASALISE. Ses <ciqars sisisis eine m= “iain 338 PAralaAN Pa veecidecim seas eaaee 376 
Didentalis: 2.0256 222% ccc aerate 339 WALVIquadratal cet <in.c1 = iete sees 375 
brevilinealis: 22... 2.65.00 fees 339 DPiClawsceemncemaecsses sacs seee es 375, 378 
COMptas. ia ceeseocsecnwes Soa 339 praecissliss =. secession 374 
CYANOlePla sins: cstewsisceewcce<sicowe 399 DUNG GING eee eee ee eee 374 
euphronislises. ce. cs ssasec- since 339 TOSOLLINGLale santas sai =e a= 379 
Tereilines lise: cose crm se ete en: tee 354 SAAN o's sw einidc.cicie cieisisivise de'sisis cisinat= 379 
MOLMIA Ss = oh Sas! ee seek ose ee 34 SCHIZODIUB ic ceeesesecisienie eceaers 375 
NU Gicataligeer aoe ote ater aces ae 368 TANBMONSIS 2 sac selene cesses ace 377 
LG6OSALISi eee ace eisai ee cca 338 TOM POTATA Se toc. ces siciein siete cig) seater 377 
WV COUSE Cer sen see eee aiaie sites ote 339 tIStICMA sc oc. s Seca cs cee cemseteses 376 
LV SID DUSaLiS eae emia wiec wns = = 338 VOIDUCLEs cscisiescin'are aetisieia ales siee se’ 375 
LySiZONa ao aceeeee ee eee cn uenacnee 339 VARIG OSCONS 5 cee mcaices sie easiee 376 
MaCarigliss ts as cMesewee ee oases 338 WITICIS.. Memanisse ea mean teeters 375 
TNA P Ose occ cose eee ease he See cts 339 VIVICHCl 0. socciscccisccos acc cases 376 
Wika Io =e eee aa eas ees ee 339 VDSUON soe.5c6.c cise ciicinteececic ee Oe 
TIN AS ate es come s gan cca 38 | Metallata-variabilis. 2.50... ccecssceccsn ces «. 898 
MOTIDUNGAUISS. oe eee ee ose cess MOQ i || MUCTAMING se cicis!cianinic.s ale wisisieieic cinciecimeisls <1 =) Roc 
Nea COSAliS: c..ce sce ecececeocee coce 318 CANGAIIS ce cee wicistiscsetncieice Seale 303 
OtisaltsGe. jee ocean Wee sanee 339 CTOCOICOSEA «ose s oice.cccetesesicciee 303, 394 
POM CONS 5-2 =e eee ass <ceeecs 999 | Mindora:tortriciformis:...:.-c.cccc<cssessiee- 308 
SOMO pNisaas .secaceescsceesseeces 340) |), Moletobia marginata..-<.ccsccesceescceeces = 397 
SUV PUSAIIS Se eres soeteaia eee oetieere 239 | Montevideo, Uruguay, and Tome, Chile, 
SUDMArCAtA > cc ce ccccsccsctsnss 340 fishes gollected by the ‘‘ Albatross” be- 
COLTICOIA conc caveats ccee sidles ceive cists 339 GWEOll cee cae esen a eee eee eineataee ee er - 401 
irinidalistsecncstcessaeeceeeres. +e 339 | Moths of the subfamily Hypeninae, a generic 
IMGIBNOMING <cseccn scares ach oaccaceentemacicics 266 revision of the American, with descriptions 
AUTICING ANIA c.-- ccc eeeinee ciane 266 of new genera and species...........-.-.-.. 259 
Bertin al DUT Sessa ce se eoe eens eeecicai ss 423 | Mudernoblenna olivacea..................--- 419 
bonariensissoscesssccck cocteseeee cece A206u | PAUUIIS bana buss easeaneses= mes eee sees cl 408 
JOrdaninweysecee ec cee ecet eee eeeeee AGG | Marsa Calisalis: 2 <<js.cc.ci0s\acweineie Soccer cence ces. 368 
WaUlidnea seesaw as sacn cee eee eee ects 465. | Myxine australis.c cc cccccccesescscstsenssces 419 
52) 24 1: Uap ns ar a eee 463,465 | Naxioidesirombloni.......0.0.500cceesceee- 549 
TOPINUS Seacscaoo Seas ooeese seems 466: | Neanuragiganteds...c0.<cccccrecesecceeesccs 509 
Menopsimus crambiformis.............-.-.-- 278 TNAPTIG Sc cinn cn wineiea'sice se siesiieiemeioes 510 
METINCCIUS LAY lscenicc se ccicces attcececscestecs 417 MUSCOTUNI Te ceicwccencescceccessss 508, 509 
MGriCCIUS. 2. -2sisehocc ete e ec es 417 OME. oc cccs cecteceeieccccacaneses 511 
MPOUAIEC Ta seem aces co oeeinee Seen eee ec eeaeen san 374 quadrioculata........ccccesncoasoee 512 
ALAC RIA Se secs aise Se cise sean ane 375 SCITAlAecteenaescaeeseeease ceca eee 511 
Bflala masses ecsee ete oeeeer ere es 375 | Neanurinae, North American collembolous 
AOTIOM OSE resets eee eee cna se 375 insects Of thetamily.< sss. cece seceecceeee 477 
ANAUISE cemecc escort ere nescence. 376 | Nematode parasites of mammals of the orders 
GLOESIACH a2 ccc ceesetier etn ac= cee 375 Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea. - 1 
ASUVOS ac ee os acme cide ts eee ose ceases STD et PeN CONOLIMIN IAS sarees rt =1ain nica loetealcisiewieciemiaete 350 
CAINGOMACUIS o ocwcwicleis scemiscwce cin 374 ISONONIAS :.sewsiecis dca ccccssiecee 851 
COSTIONSIS Ss os wisiz.nw cciate sfeitiereste'ers' dios 3876 HOANBLISHS eee cecete « ccalcee ames 351 
COY Rs orc abisid.cicicis'cye'deeinis'sisialsies'e ciciere 375 NIPTICISCATALIS 101 wcities ca- eins 351 
CNSTOPUScccecisewcuuhiseeecceses 375 SANGIALONSIS. nce sceek ec oees er 351 
COD TACLOIAGS: snoce seneeieccmiessecinc S7Da|P NCODSIUNIS nc caesar ese taaan ease aaeaeecet 328 


COLCYTAssisscsaccescsciseceiice ciscime:s 37 MACACS i cciwswesccscensaceecesce 328 








660 INDEX. 
Page. Page 
Neoptista lormac.csic/n ec cece nr etee ssc 302!'|, Opoturaverinusalis.. < <2 s./1-.</ S 353 
VINAHSE eked en ene e cee 302) |) Oroscopaibolustin.< sh .ee. 2 -te cee steers 394 
Nezimiaipudensias 22s teentntteetee cnc. 403,472 CALV OL Gaeta talatate oroiaroste eee eaamtereistete 394 
Nicetasiannom: 2-222 scene teetaeecen eee wees 311 CODCHA 2 <(a1e 50% sete! ees eee cece 394 
antonialiss ko. ee 3il cordobensis. 242k... 5 ee 395 
bathalis?<.c.%..cct cnc tenrsen cece se 311 delicatassci..csten.ntn 394 
iciliata Clee SAS 311 electrona:<.2.5 eee cen eee 394 
IV COM sasasetzeceaciemence oe se oie mis 3ll hacwpha- sacs. cceccssetsacaateeyae 394 
DANAMONSIS A wc een aoe eee eel 311 noctifera:s<-. 2.2.72 ee 394 
Nodaria priseirena.. 5c... cecenclreciisce cs eenni 305 PIIVAN A: Koceese sees eae metercteiarals 394 
pachypalpia .. ccs s2ee ea ees eee 351 punciata.....s--22<s sear eee 394 
Notothenia- 22.2.2. statcce sence eee eC cee 4257. Orsea MuUlbuste. 2+ tsi eset sia sei eset 374 
acUtaiecd<sesaicdeasseee 425,448,449 | Osachila antillensis.............-....2-2... 647, 650 
angstate cjedcentectneccsac secs 433 SOMIOVAS.-i<;sce2e oa ee caeiteiae evle 647, 652 
antarcticaccvcecn teecee ee scsi 433 tiwherOsaieckscccsannmsceeeeees 647, 649, 650 
BrPWta. 2 eeecese PRS oa ABS) || OUACES 222s seems ein slo laiete =e eioleie eis relelsereteletelelete 279 
brevieauda 52:52. teaee see 445,447, 448 LineStas 43.2526 eckacs see ee 279 
CANINA. 7.5.5 2S eee ele see wacie 455 Mabie cee ee eee sees ce cleeiate 27 
COLLCEDS sasceece.ceeeceeeeesice 426,437 || Palthigeic cece aces suisse eowtecse ee te sete oe 292 
cornucola...... 426, 433, 436, 437, 439, 441 peacaliséciss eineste ts 2: RR 292 
cyanobranchia...tio ine eos 445 aertoeralis-<<ntcntei eben soe ome 292 
GlOGANS 2 Soe scewieeseeeee eee 426, 427, 435 angustipennis..css22s 2s seein se 293 
gilbertiicecseececuctomerete oa 403, 430 artenteicinctas..<ctss eee eee <tc 293 
hassleriala.s...csscecesese Asietetes 432 asopialis)--2~s.- see ene ee eee eter 292 
JOGA secs sleet ames os <2 « 403, 443 BUCA A. ieee cence ease 292 
KOrlANGTOAGs:.:i0.4 see nnceee sss see 439 bizialissejos-c ee ee eee 292 
latifrons.s..2.<ce.t ethene 403, 427, 434 calcabiliss siivecncneneede ese eck 293 
longicauda cassette 403, 445, 450 calcalis.s..2c<-% aS ee he iat 292 
LON ZIPES 2.5520 A NE ce ieiSin 426, | eulboealis 2i.2 sense e eee ee 292 
427,433, 441, 444, 446, 449, 451, 453, 455 INCUTIOSAD =. 53SE5es 52 Seek Ee eases 293 
macrocephala...... 425, 427, 431, 233, 434 insignalis\...<4e.es ss a ae 294 
Mapellanica.<scctscecsseesacoae 433 HhieronyMuUsicsscne en ceases esse 292 
MAOTIONSIS r.io3c's seen ceecissalecte 433 LinGata ci dicicssiee wees cee Seen ene ere 292 
Marginataiss-cceisecaceecitacess 436 misantlalisosc (eco. CHa Dee oe) 2 294 
Modestas.2ss2ssccnh esse we 436, 437, 438 MOPHISAliss < iaiescerewie beets oases sass 292 
POLLOLI asa e renee seseoe ees aslo sie 432 Obliqualissz.<¢cccwntecoeeee eee eet 293 
TAMSOYLs sc2enceaeee ee 443 | OCONOPUCNSIS aces. casemate eee eeiee= 293 
SIMBA sa3600%'5\2 426, 433, 437, 438, 439, 442 OLASUISALIS: coer icc Oeste ec clas 398 
SQUAMICE PS ES. siscemecesecicete 427,441 SOLAPCALISH2 rae owcnee eee eroe eee ee eee 293 
squamifrons. 28020. soa eee 452, 453 Spectalisic. cc acwcaewtewe crews eee ee 294 
tessellata...... 426, 433, 442, 444, 448, 455 submarginata....nsssosesee sees selene 292 
trigramimia/siesi\. do-sesesiocsees sate ABV.) TPALtHISOMUIS 5 215 sa: cra 1-fe r= etatalorevatetava otal tele 2 ate alevarat= 344 
VOLLCHID TE eee oes siecaecceee 4485450) || amareniay ccc ceiocecesieerepierwniocrtceteeenie 303 
WAL PALA wcewerencteacieaceee ens we 436 subhirsuta..c scm sesetppocee cane al 303 
Niyctipolia incondita. ...... isis ses cacuscees 291 | ‘ParacroMa....< <2 sceesmacine afatefare a afelalevaletatatetare 279 
Ocalaria.ssssseessesciecs=isisiaen sane ceceeeaees 333 | ZAMOLA. Sce<c eerste poet ees oe 279 
Giopticat is. cnsiccosewisc saemereoeses 333 | Paraculax tarsiplumalis............502.22.... 343 
PUATANIAS Jsoscsessesaccen eee 333 | Paralichthys adspersus...........--22---2--+ 468 
OCWIETA ocicccceccews cade tee eee eee 333 brasiliensis <<< <-cn<ccwsoseeeeee 411 
PAVING sia wacewelbinsraisoeeseseaese 333 | Paramimetica imitatrix...........-..-..----- 368 
DPAVO sess ssectias eciaoemna hee Cee Minis 333 | Paramithrax (Leptomithrax) compressipes. - 
Odontella ewing!s.< ooh... 5c SE ee. 5020), Paranuracaecactieccwcccccececerrsncse- meets 507 
CHAU ssece es cise che aster teks 502 | Parasites, nematode, of mammals of the orders 
Ogods Yet ee eos che dewos <5 Le ee 883 Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea. - 1 
AlbIPUNCta.c22ecewseme. ue Ceuee wees eees 383 | Parasitic hymenopterous insects of the genus 
Oidemastis sai ea. Se, ee 323 | Aphycus Mayr, revision of the, with notice 
Caliginosa, cscs sd oH Ae 323 | ofsome related genera..................--.- 561 
Omiodesitortola Misa IE OE 318 | Parthenope (?seudolambrus) parva. .....- 557, 558 
Ommatochilacns G55 Os a ee 361 (Rhinolambru,) eybelis......-..- 557 
CHOLPETAcijeemciceneccce see enone 362 longispina...... 558 
crassipalpisi,.,\eece eae scl 362 TUdisMAT ee sac 556 
latipalpisscsremescreaee eccesee 361 | Parthenopidz and Inachide, new species of 
plumbealista:cey-eeee = 2-62 = 361 crabs of the families.........-. vi FEBS See 527 
Santucca si. secteeeee eee ae es ce 3630) Peliala.. cosccesececcsce nese eee see eeeete 366 
Slenulaisccie cee seen sees 362 andriat sce. cceenuies sees Saas 366 
Qphidium:blancoides.2 5.5... sciaseeent a2 oe 469 Coeruleopicta..<.c<.ce cece eee ome 367 
maculatuM Ss soceiemeaseecee eae 469 Covitalisistee- ccs osseseence eee 367 
> 


Se 








INDEX 661 
Page Page. 
Peliala demonalis............. Sialarajsistectatelae Ie SOT MP OCA hs oc Ben «5 deSen oust Qasmistteed ocak ve 363 
HOM ON BIS ox ccrststers ae eieee eee e Meee oe 356 al bomarginatacss-2 sos. sme ss este ee: 364 
WenlUscuialisy.cos...2 geisteic.ciseie tenets 25 366 PUIPSUbGee cee oe cenee cent Sau cee ee 364 
IOUCET A. - .aestic see misseuiss sete cee see ss 366, 367 DOLTOGUBLIS saa acen esac aceeeeceeee eens 364 
NGM eee eee eee cwareeacee seisie nse t 366; | Poenomia berthalis: 2. ..2.22.2.05-c22.5---2- 346 
MUNGO S << ss ecectesicins at ce dace. ne eece 366 ATI SIGHS taece cet sss eee = 346 
POLUVAaLISese/ jiscecmana eee aoe 367 Miempsalssasaaq a. ssteen arate 346 
DINDICAL sc cnn soe een eae noeeeee 366 THAGCUIACE Saicenrac dm cele messmo ase 346 
PONE DOSE s .ci5 5 ocisccas alcneiie's edece Saas 366 GUND ISSeee encase eee eee 346 
TOSSAliS: 6.3 S es cclvieec cs éoeeesiew seems 367 | Porichthys porosus.................-..----6- 468 
RONALGAISK ceiiatas/ayeini- cb Ancemese tees S00) ||) Porosana, juanslis: 3 52.2...22.:c2 seek eae 312 
Peltimia MOGULOSA.-. s..\-.5% snes eceecdessenteed 536 A Gralis sey ease eee ee eee 313 
SUBMIS wis 236 cerciwin ie atic cle a eee 53 WE CAS aye fisiasic aie en cee eee nee 312 
Percophis braziliensis...............-.-..-. --- 417 | Prionctus punctatus...................2--26- 409 
Periphrage barbatula...........-.-.-----.--- 322 | Pristigaster flavipennis............-.....--.- 406 
PPOLONA SISNACA co 2a cig crercie orale. 515, 2,000 s:e1 Geen 408 | Prolatilus jugularis..............2......2.-. 467 
Pessida interlineata...2.-.....--.2s.ssesese0c0-- Lay PMR LORI Val Sees ses eee we ee ere a 278 
Phaeochlaena cuprea...-............20.0e00- 395 leucosticta........................ 278 
Phalaenophana eudorealis................-.. 312 DUES CONSi2. <acisasemecece soe anee eaters 278 
OPPIAlIS ja0e0c00scssieees secs 312 | Psammobatis rudis......................-- 404, 421 
TUPIZON Gs ssisicci= 2s «s/s ciaists Saris s 312 | Pseudachorutes aureofasciatus............... 500 
Pea laenOstOlayia weno emcemetcmaciciae He aecinesa 332 complexus................-. 501 
lArentloldes..< occas ee tee cae o's 332 lumatuss3sc ose eee eee 501 
enalanpipus fliformis). 2x00. scenes eitcies 551 | Pseudaglossa......---.-.cceeeeccccceecececee 360 
DLO DS UALS oes yetetoretaciarseetanctetar= ie 551,552 | Pseudaphritis gobio...........22..22220---6- 423 
TOGUSUS sc 2 = <ceins= eeiseminine sain 552 | Pseudaphycus.............---22-ee2eeeececee 569 
HST OMe Urea ar eg See a meee aes 339 aneelicnsysse-scmasseeee oan 572,513 
HOD MUS DTS. nace acces lees cea ers 335 graminicola...............--- 570 
MeblyCtama irri Pals. 2. nc. 2s;0.c.c sais s cancislaidas 305 DLOSOPIGISseee secon ee eee 571 
PPBivS A AClIUALIS# © 2 )sjc.2 Se acto ane ccts Soe Sess = 398 Ty AT eee see ee 574 
albipuu chile: <3. «jst ce Secke ea 295 WEDStelic nae. sss. eee 57 
SLDUiGO AS ee teeeee sa eeee eases oU88 Psendatistacassa---0-.- soso ee eee 286 
BILGH ISAS Se cise cisieiieecinetinscisiae oe 295 weldersia-jeen sce e eee eee NT, 
PUNGENT SE pia siete ee eee = 393 pagasusalis..............-. wate 287 
AVISUIM A oo eine asisie inne ees ste 295, 296 Splosalises. 222-5525 eee ee eee 287 
Cristima...............022-22-eee222- 296 | Pseudococcobius..........22.0-..2-2eeeeeeeee 563 
SenAd Oralise es sacs mssesae ies Qe 297 ehrhorni.................-.-.- 564 
ETIPILNEGIALISS: Sante cn cis Sesesenm can 282 COTE Vessel gk 565 
BITC ALCS ee late eerie eee sar re 398 | Pterhemia ameriola..............-2220--e0e0- 314 
TOSGIVAL Sie pacing sareee see cmeaiee ae 296 OXSCISSA = fons Asoc uae eee 314 
TUB EP OURS ea aajeinisicoe eee io oem =!e 2cl= 295 mutilataliss 25.2.6 sssseeo eke 314 
Tt PAS ate oars reilly 295 OlUSBIISe sce see eee 314 
NOWIAlas os sa secesesanese ea emes ase 399 schausialis............ccceceec eee 314 
paganacalis. ............-+--+.+-++-- 296 WNCINalsSo.ccu35..-eoeseeneteee ds 314 
Paling sees jae ews asec saase-s 347 | Pteroprista metallica. ................2222--- 304 
(CCHS ete cbse acisis aioe eee cee. 398 | Pugettia leytensis..................0--0--0- 539 
TOMA eer seem esis aes. eee 295 mindanzoensis./.222..2.5e-cesseeo 538 
UristiPalis. 3. .s.sascecsSecccanece eee 398 MINOT. Bln 355s ee ee 539 
VARIG ALIS T. eicsatalasepercin eerie rises (2,s0e:2. 5 398 | Pyralis? subcordatalis...................22-- 312 
PEA STH OCS). 2.2: siejstererniatay- sein oe = eee dander 2o2) sR yrgioi eae ees eee ne ee eee 345 
IM OHINCSNASCIALUS=< -.2.5,c-2sncnseckic ss Jesse 409 menippusalis................22-2--- 346 
PI APOR INSISTS. ois!n <<a mace mnie vecsicecnescuins 417 TOPANG dee oan. nase ee 346 
IBIADAY PONS. 22 655556 sscessss-ecscotesceses. 386 | Raja majellanica.................2222--222--- 421 
Platy dis abditalis.. ....ssecssislesssonecens 337 | Rathbun, Mary J., Description of three spe- 
Palay ri ALCOCK <ccime,ssinca\a a ence oe nieces 53 cies of crabs (Osachila) 
SRE GSE ee ey ere eer ete oer 529,53 from the eastern coast 
ima teas ereee sete eee ona eaeee 531 of North America...... 647 
TO MUCK ois patos aisle aera sjeNae ees c cas 530 New species of crabs of 
Wy Ville-thomsonl.<--.52si cos ++ 530 the families Inachide 
Plusiodonta anartoides....-..2-35.s.cse0sess50 320 and Parthenopide .... 527 
BOGUIA AQUATICA oS .sceccs cele css sails ones 479,514,515 | Rejectaria amicalis.....................0200- 347 
TINA Ae see mtetclets acters secrets = Seine ee 491 ANUOTIGOS Jc ceouceccessene seescee ce 347 
STAMULA TA. ssioee case sels cjcmiceniesiceee.- = 514,515 GHYSISS cache cae eho asa eae 347 
HUMICOAS Ee see easecetces eee 496 OLAUUSH Se wees ee eee ne 347 
TiViGOla ses oee oe eee cee eee 484 OTOMA CCAS as oo aeise aioe eee see 348 
Podurinae, North American collembolous in- ULAR oo asa ats eiviays ee smetiaesere tent 347 
sects.of the subfamily........--cedete nie sae 477 COLAD A nae sec swsietes fase ancien shee 348 





662 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Mejoctaria Chisenas cost smrelssetelselelelster sate 847) | Sehiraces MOpSussc. cos se oce ci aceisecw ees 395, 396 
COCY {BLISS Se nseciee tence ee ene 346, 347 MMLOLUUS 5 cin inictatelcnicjooistereraiste ere oeieaets 396 
craftsalisn cs tisassecesemucmecice 349 | Schotella uniunguiculata.................... 494 
Crucutalisy ., jsccc saae's bocce en eee 348). |): Schoturusmivicola......b-cecenecewee tome ee 482 
@rebalis.o. Je eecesgsee ee eee ot?) || Scigena gilbertisceoec oosaeesecteoectaseeek eee 467 
fULVIDFUNNECA? & cc ciscreese oes sice 348 (ophioscion) adusta.......--.......- 407 
FUNEDLIS: 2. scoeseswe seen eee eset 847. | Seopifera .i.cinjoi,sicisswje sbaien cnctrmee oceneate 323 
gallinalis’s; Jacccins deeeenueieeleer 348 ONCE 23. ciisceoeenecheseeoeoeeneas 324 
INICOAS Veh ceccmacceceeeoeee ea 348 ONCOPIAES 27s Soceiaciveweooe saeco een 324 
Nineatas sds. aes awaceoemeeaener 348 falsirenalissscuiscsceeccnsasoeen eas 324 
LySandra sin issaccmenneeoeeeuee 347 ly cagusalis. ccc Janie Rene cesses 324 
1VSO2. 2 SMe se asingone sooo ae cies 347 ly gaus:.siajesesend asa eee oe 324 
IMACLA s soidcasisss ccicmmaseecnebecce 347 menippusalis,cecseeccadeceeoeee ce 324 
MALAS sense cl seisnci- ase e ete 347 INILADIWIS Hs cicisaecwceeseee eset 324, 325 
modestalisysccincaekeceseneee Soe s 347 phrygislisss5./2) 6 See eee 324 
MICIASAMIS = Seas -nelee coerce 347 poasalishss. ccc Reschsckncsesecoses 324 
MISTIPUNCtAtAL sc smsae ese emer 347, |) Scopula?icomptalise.< .c-sca-ceeete eee eres 368 
MUCIIA Sos: seen EcR ee ees 348) |) Scutirodes: cect ne wessems cece wee ee 265 
pallescens’s 6 oo seen custee asec '= 348 | Sebastodes chilensis......-.--.25- 222250228 467 
Parvipunctaliss. <s2-ce cee vert 348 JO yOS!. o< scunetlsseetescacs cess 467 
pauls. case mte- ceo ssenmeeieners 347 | ? Simplicia flavipunctulata.................. 399 
pharusalis)-.osMssascetael sisi ieere'sie 347, | Sitophora?, sueralist. as csocccnenceeeeoee $72274308 
TOSIMONAIS. Lewis we eens cis 347 vesiculalis® s.r ieciseeaae 305 
splendidase. os sasearesacicciisietemas 94%) | BOPY LaLa saiscte de cans wierceinswa eames cones 365 
theclalises suc siswsisecinseessae cise 347 OLbela s ccrkieinsseicatoesetesmeacers 365 
WAM OSE Es clectee ccjciaciereiciin aiejeltieeete 347 OTLANGING coasjocwciemieseacseee sees 365 
TONOS Bete aia Gvicaaatoaoueeee acne eee 349 aTMAasata.-ciccensionawdacsteasenmer 365 
TRENID:ACCOLBE Jas ci ehicrcieyeceis ere Meeteistalaeinis «ielcieta'e 315 Gidymatasssc<isissmicccaeatsesenseceies 365 
en GIgSe eS ajeriastainnteeisteleieisiiaisscis = 315 MALIA: «.cjciucnls'ceecssSattcnoesmesmee 365 
PUpUNChALIS See cte:- tate cteistermeiontetetetare stare ieste 315 TNLADICA ajara'syara'a's/aleraratalaljateiarsiaints)steae 368 
Clava fee ih Sarees sistotaee esecle(ectaiete oie 315 TAMSGON . 2 ci. cieccccinde Meceoe sees ee 365 
GECURIALISAT Bat so scoiacicinslveequceeseeer 315 SAPOUA acie Hck lsewe cece otanetcetetoers $5 
Giscoloralis: 2% 32042. Saeieeisiassseoctele 3U5: |) SOblZONAS oie cemieenelenicaaecitameacueeesen aaece 383 
fallacialisy . 204. cane geteiuietedrnciate on 315 GUICIS SU ciciceratnrmiecerciomeecencase 383 
fim DrisliS 2s ou aajoae cone cee eaate sels 316 NOCOMONLOIGES -...csccicswesiscece ness 383 
Ry LOCALS Ss caclaeeseleis seine sate eee 341 Tictalisvssonejoseeittdenselstiscenwoccees 383 
ANOFOSAIIS Ao eine eae Nelaklesiawis seitis's 316. |) Sphenocarcinus auritus.. -..-. sss ssuecdeus es 540 
Orizabalise. <sccoaecedseseee ns te aies 315 carbunculuss 2-4 2essesees 542 
Orthosialiss 2 Pet sone wosecieeeseste 315 luzonicus: << Jccceceseeaal= 539, 549 
pUNctinaliss 4: <A cmicceeeremecenn= = 315 NOGOSUS seis <:jarsieateteaesee ree 541 
THAM PHISH: sone 5<cenesteemeeeeteses 315 Stimpsonis.--<.sseseceseeee 540 
Phetusalis-e542%cacemewewee seers 315 | Squalus fernandinus...........0.-cesscseceee 420 
testacealis ye): S12 <)\aceceosoeeeeeeciee 315 sucklit soci. Sassiudelelisesteeeeen towers 420 
SUUpISess sere ten saecee eae tee eee eres 315, | Stimmisa scorias. 3. occ~weceseeencesecee se 37 
VINASALISS Passe ane etic eee eee 315, |, Stomiasiatriventer.. 7... <2. ccc caewaseceerss 462 
Rhaesena rubromarginata...........-..----- 380 | Straits of Magellan, fishes collected by the 
Myagunds 45. sacwee soc setae ceeeee ewes ce 276 “ Albatross’? on the voyage through the... 401 
Gistributas sks. cacceauceteetecen 276) |) Strathocles 6 c/s aie cinstaretatnataieroetenam essa 350 
RVUs sees se ei eaeeemnteerracetonnies 276 Slbipullassecncesocmaiane cere secees 350 
MALI POS a5 o.oo cle osieleioistoreimalelete sineinjsinmcins 276 imitate Nssccssewisesacsrwccceee 350 
WANG ANG s,u/..< oie'sjetsse/owictsaneies ce oe 276 patvipullacceas- cc ccsoueeese aces 350 
OTO DONA ac csceceeeaeueJacmaeee eset c= 276 punctiuncula..J..-scenccleseeses 350 
DUS oo cre oiaje'aaraiare Se slelaiaelstetre atalalels 276 TIDDeH A Sauce desea se certs saat 350 
PULOSCONS-Fe. saaee wae hiscte als eeiee aja ets 278 | Sygnathus blainvillianus.................... _ 423 
SEPICCAIS Sse. Ces Tahoe w.clele delete loisiers:e 276 } Symphurus adspersus..............0.seeeee 411 
Rodentia, Lagomorpha, and Hyracoidea, atricauduss-cciscceeee senor. 416 
nematode parasites of mammals of the atrimentatusiic--cinectaceus sore 416 
OLGCTS ee cess nets cer ones cnae sins arise eee 1 DSPs Reece awoteeess 403, 414 
Salige ee ee saededepnacteiece ects s neeslee 380 brasiliensis) Ss2esesse eae enn 414 
Salilota australis sess roe. ss eens owe cesmiscccets 425 elongatus...c.ccice see seen oneees 416 
Santiasds ocho tet sewiowe'assentanicteowtoccatcte= 333 fasciolaris.. ce. cetecssos-oeeeeee 416 
COPIMA Ss aqoesebcconeavedteeacce 334 Jenynsl ei seceoskceeecteeeeeme 414 
Sardinellafiiegensiss o.oo sscinseiveimn asec 457 1GQl ec worse seein siee ence eitaeatrs 416 
Schaus, William, A generic revision of the plagusia.) oc. sciciccwieetconee 414, 416 
American moths of the subfamily Hypeni- tessellatuss -sGcsisnccccemeceaer 414 
nae, with descriptions of new genera and williamSil.< cnc. coctees ews uae 417 
SPOCIOS S.J aces cn sencecvesncisecseense< == 259 | Synalissa tempaca........-------eeeeeeeeeeee 398 











INDEX, 663 
Page. Page. 
SYMOMCTS ceo ciaas acistareisin cis csiaselels.s'siesicie'ne ses SCS PEL DULSANIA SOLVINISs ccs ses orien one cic sees 282 
Hl Close temerenie os ccceeicsiece aes eas 368 GiPUalis ee sees ee eee ee = 286 
CORSZAIS S0aee eeeeeetecceee--s-5s¢ 371 VOOdOalisie)- ooo Sccineneescm eaten cnn 284 
CTA Secon cc saccaaeeaeee soaaees 3692) Whyrsites stun. 2.24 26-205 cies caeeemseeins- 424 
Gullaniis=' awe eeeeecaaseeecet aces B68) | hysanopsettamaresil's. 2.4. sees s+ seer sate es 413 
PTANI CAL ISM eres meee eee 968))| Libricana pnomas .ccacnsssccessesseeeeee eee. 385 
Inv lOnOMe seco aaa see 369 An UnAlis Socses= Jeceree eee eee 385 
AStHMIAISS woescs. seo eeee sae es 37 Timberlake, P. H., Revision of the parasitic 
pedroslise sesaa.- Sacco reese ewes 371 hymenopterous insects of the genus 
PLOCEUSTCS <ayee mcs eceeiee es eisin's 370, 371 Aphycus Mayr, with notice of some related 
TAN LA ce cows ccacamcocecesesces assis 370 genera...... Bonita sa ae eee oe eee eee 561 
Ete] oleae pete ee = a raiare chstafesateleterciars Si2) | Minedcephalasicc.cc.c<ceesecincoscteoseuece sce 313 
SAD HOD a aera tee ee aces isosceles 329 WdISS Jo cees Soo ee eeeeeeenos 313 
PUISSILel dere merece eee anne 330 | Tome, Chile, fishes collected by the ‘‘Alba- 
LV SIS eee eee eee emer 330 tross’’ between Montevideo, Uruguay, and. 401 
IMUSCOSHe eee eee aa eee eee aaa 300) |) ‘Lomyris nisropuncta...<.. o. sa.- s0sos- oe 38 
DOONIG= epee seca aero as<eioceie 330 SyMiNCAlis <2. Ss2 nsession eee se eee 383 
BOM fasGIA Aa ss oSceewie acces 5555 Joh OForlCOGOS neem ates a eee a eee 267 
Marache vlOlotlascesssseeee cies seaports 277 QIIGItAliste---seeee eee ae eee 267 
STREOUS Ubinas =ixininioicis:<ja, jn ajnyatn ic, araic eiwie-siwiale s\avajaraia’ ss 341 OM de cinpcicevaisiotsic ete terse aersetee ate 267 
albiapicalises 3-7-2 cession eecie = 3 342 TMA jOTAlISwe 22 aay eee ee 267 
MV CAO acc wa eicle Sesto tars'= ercisini ss sicisieial 342 MMPTIPeN a? saree eee ae eee ee 267 
Ny fisisacas osteiiets aaa ne olaalaajaeeien a aoa 342 OFNOOGSLIS's < s\oja:cs.snauletceecimaa auras 267 
TOL OSH etete a cane siamiasicle sts siaieleerere sfeieish= 341 pleropheralis. js... 0..se<ccsccecae 267 
TM CTITOM AIS a eepsitattee ae Sas setae 34l_ | Prachinotus: co0del s..4025.6-ysecs seen sees 407 
MondacbawlineOsaevece science. sievoese ces S14.1|)-Drachod opalpuss ce <seem eee neteee ce ose 360 
MOLANOM(As so: cscincseecectecsbecdessie= sien 307 CINGLOUS «2... .6scseeisactenisaie 360 
Dorgesalisi2e.c secu seas assesses 808) | Prachurtis picturatus. oc <c.c0c sc 20 ste swe accere 466 
HOLMOS\.c2- Seasons casas ease eaters S08: || Trach ysmatis’,..<2,c.:eis ois icjs<is-orsiareisia's ara asitaataya 274 
[cali eerie erica oe 308 T@TIODINIS s~ oses/eeeceeeeae ees 274 
THSOSALMS Se cmac sacs esas eae 808 TNO SAS areieys ot efel= sieve eis cso eee 274 
IQUE eee a a sees senate aos 308 9|| @rausxa obliquallis. <2. 3... ascsteate eee es 332 
Mhalpochares lAPOre -.4- <05-2 545 sce wees caw scee 361 | Turtles, fossil, two new species of, from the 
BVM Qe cena ta oa 361 Lance formation of Wyoming.........-.-. 641 
SUTEOWMRUS se = see os ancien ao See aiacisia QSIMIE UW POLHCMIBe fac weriataisterainleiers oistaraie seats ats Ske 
VAN DIUISALISE soem nets ccc eeiciee OST ts WAIN IAN VAS ave inic:slainjaje siete cieisinyais ae sieitee llama 382 
Thescelus insiliens...-.-----...-..2222-20--0 642) Uizoma this! 2 oes en acts ol sence 300 
Thompson, Will F., Fishes collected by the GISSENSA so 55525 sisi chem nee 300 
United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer Wyoming, Lance formation of, description 
“ Albatross’? during 1888, between Monte- of two new species of fossil turtlesfrom.... 641 
video, Uruguay, and Tome, Chile, on the Menylla baconte.2. sc nccsee-o5-e-eeesseeees 496 
voyage through the Straits of Magellan.... 401 eracilise sea usdes ee heed sas coe ee eee 497 
BININIRT SAN elinetetere cteree te cites st erm iciovars wise 282 humicola.....-.--ccecececcceccceeee 496 
aristarioides............ cea a 282 MATIN Ae eee ees eee eee eee 496, 498 
chiriqualis ee eee oe 285 Se OTAR. uke coos nee ens Cen 497 
COST PUT tas ar iar.cinsi2 ain aimieraieiminicinnsn ie 282 | 7 BOIS tae ihwe. ocaicee ea betian dle deme 318 
MOCOCEA nese ae = aie sates seieeaieics 284 eh ta bata tegte 318 
COCOA Cares airs emia tole nies os Seracrera=/ 282 Pe ea CARLIN 2, ks leu, ean ee 
SPICULES ey erates clers <toreper ear as S 283 anclognatha. Sa ea re ne, an ie eee eae 342 
grandirenalis...............--...- 286 bicolor Sea 398 
MODSOUAIIS «7m coee eee eee ts = 284, 285 bipunctata.........-.-.-.--+-- 399 
ly cages eee ser ee ee 282 Ganisice.s--eseeoee: eee eee 338 
Icing ees eee ee see 282 Vanica....-...-222222222 2 eee ee 398 
IMIArAlisneesaan eee eet onan ees 995 |) Zorothis dissimiliss <-.2 2-000 -<0-5-ecesm sees 392 
Ordenalise ssa2-ss- eae Sahoo 282 ZACUAIDANA’. se<isisciaic.< cin cs aiceesemass 391 
ranilinealisza. 2 ss /sekic\elaate's'a/a(cletns 2837) Zorzines plumule 2. 5.< escenario 398 


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