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Department of the Bnterior:
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
IN Ol, le,
1886. 4724 563
( hea (i
PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE,
1887.
ADVERTISEMENT.
The extension of the scope of the National Museum during the pa
few years, and the activity of the collectors employed in its interes
have caused a great increase in the amount of material in its possessio
Many of the objects gathered are of a novel and important characte
and serve to throw a new light upon the study of nature and of man.
The importance to science of prompt publication of descriptions
this material led to the establishinent, in 1878, of the present series
publications, entitied ‘ Proceedings of the United States Nation
Museum,” the distinguishing peculiarity of which is that the articl
are published in signatures as soon as matter sufficient to fill sixtee
pages has been obtained and printed. The date of publication beit
plainly expressed on each signature, the ready settlement of questio1
of priority is assured. The present volume constitutes the ninth of tl
series.
The articles in this series consist: First, of papers prepared by tl
scientific corps of the National Museum ; secondly, of papers by other
founded upon the collections in the National Museum; and, finally, |
interesting facts and memoranda from the correspondence of the Sinit
sonian Institution.
The Bulletins of the National Museum, the publication of which ws
commenced in 1875, consist of elaborate papers (monographs of famili
of animals, &c.), while the present series contemplates the prompt pu
lication of freshly acquired facts relating to biology, anthropology, an
geology; descriptions of restricted groups of animals and plants; tl
settlement of particular questions relative to the synonymy of specie
and the diaries of minor expeditions.
The Bulletins and Proceedings are published by the authority and ¢
the expense of the Interior Department, and under the direction of tl
Smithsonian Institution.
Papers intended for publication in the Proceedings and Bulletins «
the National Museum are referred to the Committee on Publication
composed as follows: T. H. Bean, A. Howard Clark (editor), Otis '
Mason, Leonhard Stejneger, Frederick W. True, and Lester F. Ward
SPENCER F. BAIRD,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
Washington, March 1, 1887.
IL
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PRE tkC wl MON eee oe ee ees Sertereee ce ceemrcisteosre sas creas acres sere ee 661
Benedict, James E. Descriptions of ten species and one new genus of Annelids from
the dredgings of the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross [with Plates XX-XXV]J.- - 547-553
[Protula diomedee, Protula alba, Hydroides spongicola, Hydroides protulicola, nn. s8.,
Crucigera webstert, n. g.and n. s.]
Blakiston, T. W. Water-birds of Japan....-...---.-----..------- 222 e 2 eee ee ene ne een e-- 652-660
Boehmer, George HM. Norsk naval architecture [with Plates XV-XIX] --..-..--.--.--- 443-459
Bolliman, Charles H. Notes on a collection of fishes from the Escambia River, with de-
scription of a new species of Zygonectes (Zygonectes escambie) ...--.-----..--------.----- 462-465
Cope, E. D. (New species of Mexican reptiles. See under FERRARI-PEREZ, FERNANDO) .. - 182-199
Saree tame. MCIStOl sooo eee cae cena eae eines. See ee pas enecoce scmep ee Meer asebeiee + cemee Vil
Dall, W. WH. Report on the mollusks collected by L. M. Turner at Ungava Bay, North
Labrador, and from the adjacent Arctic seas [with three figures in Plate IIT] ...... aeerSe 202-208
[Aquilonaria Turneri, n. g. and n. 8.]
Contributions to the natural history of the Commander Islands. No.6. Report on Ber-
ing Island mollusca collected by Mr. Nicholas Grebnitzki.....--....-----.---.------------ 209-219
Supplementary notes on some species of mollusks of the Bering Sea and vicinity | with
PDOs Pe CVI fer oe scl oer RL eva caine Fries Fe sets ai Ss asa nets eens iota eee eee 297-309
[Cerethiopsis (stejnegeri var. ?) truncatum, vewana conicad, DD. ss. }
Doering, George E. Analyses of the Cinchona barks on exhibition in the materia medica
SeGhOn TU | Se NAWMONAl MUSOU. oieisianie cic teasisssisceclee sscilen/nesiseele sue saa 2 (sce cscee pees 438-442
Edwards, Charles L. (See under JORDAN and EDWARDS).....-..----------------------- 230-247
Eigenmann, Carl Hi. (See under JORDAN and EIGENMANN). .........-------.--..------- 477-518
Evermann, Barton W. (See under JORDAN and EVERMANN)......-.-------------------- 466-476
Ferrari-Perez, Fernando. Catalogue of animals collected by the Geographical Explor-
ing Commission of the Republic of Mexico............---.-----.------ NE Oe ie ae ea Noe 125-199
epic nirnall a terete eisai pa ape tae cin ee ae aac A aoa a ERNE 127-130
If. Birds; with descriptions of five new species, and critical remarks on others of great
oriless rarity or interest; by ROBERT RIDGWAY ~-<---.<-02 -<cecs ees cus acepccs eecenpes 130-182
[Amphispiza ferrariperezi, Pipilo submaculatus, Pipilo complexus, Anas diazi, Philortyx
personatus, Dn. ss. |
111. Reptiles; with descriptions of new species, by Prof. E.D. Cope ..................- 182-199
[Sibon frenatum, Chionactis diasti, Rhabdosoma longiceps, Elaps bernadi, nn. ss. |
Fordice, Morton W. (See under JORDAN and FORDICE) .......-------------------- --eee- 339-361
Gilbert, Charles Hl. (See under JORDAN and GILBERT) ......-.-....------- 222 eee ee eee ene 1-25
Hughes, Elizabeth G. (See under JORDAN and HUGHES).-...........--.---------------- 56, 327
Jordan, David S. Notes on fishes collected at Beaufort, N. C., mt a revised list of the
BHUECIC SE TON MELO MAb LOCAL by) sonia pocietas ob. oe emma ange ery norelncne aa bereceuasene ote 25-30
List of fishes collected at Havana, Cuba, in December, 1883, with notes and descrip-
LONE ts wt tease ie Pe a islayae cine SIE ee See ciclar al sieter iA as ap bea nls widels cits lee hea eens ace ae 31-55
|Prionotus rubio Jordan, nom. sp. noy.; Scartella microstoma Poey, genus nov.; Cithar-
ichthys ethalion Jordan, sp. nov. |
———.- Notes on some fishes collected at Pensacola, by Mr. Silas Stearns, with descriptions of
ONS ME WISPeCICA NC NeCLOMON AY S) yma =, oa names ns pene n ae acacenalscaee ay 6 a reeGines seca Doaeee
Notes on typical specimens of fishes described by Cuvier and Valenciennes and pre-
servedinithe Musée ad’ Histoire Naturelle in Paris..-..-.-0.s5.2c---ccee,escem opeesspeeenen 525-546
A preliminary list of the fishes of the West Indies...... eee net ae se 554-608
Jordan, David S., and Edwards, Charles L. A review of the American species of
GHIA OMUIG ED as cn Sahmcacen des see sues. cescek alana Cent ceae ec anlae icmeews otetee neers 230-247
IV TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
Jordan, David S., and Eigenmann, Carl H. A review of the Gobiidz of North
PATITOT UG ee i Sa bcrale aici imie ala Blase eave tle ala alate atom rete alam lem lle alma i ee fit fl =) =] tl 477-51
Jordan, David S., and Kvermann, iain W. Description of six new species of
fishes trom the Gulf of Mexico, with notes on other species..-.. -...---.------------------ 466-47
[Callechelys murena, Serranus ocyurus, Scarus evermanni, Scarus bollmani, Prionotus
roseus, nu. ss., Steinegeria rubescens n. g. and n. 8.]
Jordan, Dav id | at and Fordice, Motion W. A review of the American species of
IBGlOn Gece seas eae a crcl ae tale a eee we Rise ele eine ela eet ala Siar siete eeele ole ere alice] octet anes foe 389-36
Jordan, David S., and Gilbert, Charles H. List of fishes collected in Arkansas,
Indian Territory, and Texas, in September, 1884, with notes and Cescriptions.-...-..-.----. te
[Notropis sabine, sp. nov., Hybopsis estivalis, var. nov.)
Jordan, David S., and Hughes, Elizabeth G. A review of the genera and species
COT MLLET LD TLE! HOTA TIG ETT ATTY OLE GSAT IVY CULO TGS emer ee leet een el teat eter 56-7
A review of the species of the genus Prionotus.-.......-..--.----.--..---.--.-------- 2... 327-3:
Lawrence, George N. (See WELLS, JOHN GRANT,).....--.------------------------------- 609-6:
Marcou, John Belknap. Supplement to the list of Mesozoic and Cenozoic invertebrate
types in the collections of the U. S. National Museum. -...--....--.----..--- ------------- 250-2!
Mazyck, William G. A new land shell from California, with note on Selenites duranti
[with two figures] .- 2-12. 222 ne pecan eee nine see one cee ne ene wns anes ne eee are 460, 4¢
[Selenites celata, n. 8.)
Merrill, George P. On Fulgurites [with Plate I] .-........-........-...-..-..---+------- 83-
Plates. (See end of volume).
Rathbun, Richard. Catalogue of the collection of recent echini in the U.S. National
Museum (corrected toi Why PLSBG) eect nic cine ate a semae ae nee ee ere nreise alee ie eee 255-2:
Descriptions of parasitic copepoda belonging to the genera Pandarus and Chondracan-
thus {with Plates V-XII]......... Leis dee 2 se aee Seat ar eel eee ees eee tee ees 310-3
[Pandarus Smithii, Chondracanthus galeritus, Chrondracanthus phycidis, Chondracanthus
cottunculi, nn. ss. ]
Ridgway, Robert. Descriptions of some new species of birds, supposed to be from the
TINTELIOL OL WViGNOZUC] Barna eee eletee ila eet ele Rete a te ele am pee ete ete ia ae oe 92-6
[Pyroderus masoni, Aulacorhamphus dimidiatus, nn. ss. |
OnrZistrelata/sandwichensis ) 222. satis cece panier ss eon emits ane eee eee eeniaes 95, |
(New species of Mexican birds. See FERRARI- PEREZ, TRERNANDO)l es 2e- sees ce cee 130-1
Description of a melanistic specimen of Buteo latissimus..-.-....-...-..--.----.--------- 248, 2
Description of a recently-new oyster-catcher (Haematopus galapagensis) from the Gala-
pagos Islands.-..-.-.- tm fal le es Na ee 325, 3
Description of a new subspecies of Cyclorhis from Yucatan ...........--...--.--.--.--- 5
[Oyclorhis flaviventris yucatanensis, n. subsp. ]
Description of a new species of Myiarchus, presumably from the Orinoco district of
SouthvA Meri Cais ose esc eis a eicisiae = ella alate he rats lob ee tt otal es
[Myiarchus coalei, n. s.]
On a probable hybrid between Dryobates nuttallii [Gamb.] and D. pubescens (Aud.)... 521, 5
Description of an apparently new species of Picolaptes, from the Lower Amazon...... 5
{Picolaptes rikeri, n. 8.)
Ryder, John A. On the value of the fin-rays and their characteristics of development in
the classification of the fishes, together with remarks on the theory of degeneration....-_. 71-
Smith, Rosa. On the occurrence of a new species of Rhinoptera (R. encenadz) in Todos
Santos) Bay, Lower Calttormis-n.o.--. sa. shins eee ei ees ecccl tae tee eee 2
Stejneger, Leonhard. Review of Japanese birds:
or
I: ‘Lhe Woodpeckers )[with Plate IM\coloredi}c2c----seeee- =~ oe es eee ae eee 99-1
(Dryobates subcirris, Dryobates namiyei, nn. ss. ]
EE Tits.and! Nuthatehes:. -7)232 00 cco. acl saeaneeaeecinn missin te aeeeienls acide aineee cae eee 374-3
DE. RatiswGallinules, :and! Coots) <osso 5-2 ne aoe eee ee cer decane cheese eee eee 395-4
Se, PHS Nts MAPS Gb secs. <ora ts cate ereus te rerel sree ore ee oe eee a ee 200, 2
[Parus palustris dreaseri, n. subsp. |]
Notes on species of the Australian genus Pardalotus........-...----....-.----..---.--- 294-2
Description of Rallus jouyi, with remarks on Rallus striatus and Rallus gularis ......- 362-%
— On Turdusalpestris and Turdus torquatus, two distinct speeies of European thrushes.. 365-5
On the status of Synthliboramphus wumizusume as a North American bird..........-.
On a collection of birds made by Mr. M. Namiye, in the Liu Kiu Islands, Japan, with
descriptions 'of new. species: 2 sack sao sae ee Sa eee ee ee oe ae eee eee 634-f
[Treron permagna, Bypsipetes pryeri, Chelidon namiyei, Pericrocotus tegime, nn. ss., Ico-
turus namiyet, n.g.andn.s]¢
en
TABLE OF CONTENTS. AV)
7 Page.
Smith, Johm B. A revision of the Lepidopterous family Saturniide [with Plates XII—
BRIDE eS Aer eet ower Sede as ens ane Ge Lan'Suaabe vote Wedecehbcanaenees 414-437
[Calosaturnia mendocino, n. g. and n. s.]
True, Frederick W. Description of a new genus and new species of mole (Dymecodon
PALLON LUIS) MCOM Gy) a PAN se mena = ae tiats oi = aieistelmteiina.y=sice ace sina'asineivinelecleceis cinco maciieeee so = 97 98
An annotated list of the mammals collected by the late Mr. Charles L. McKay, in the
vicinity of Bristol Bay, Alaska) <. <2 one oc ceccs conse cmaciocmsonecicecace Seialieealssiomaeceeaap elon
Aunewstiudy of the cenusiDipodOMys: a2. 222 ss sccesnoneselenconcicns cess cessancaamase oe 409-413
Wells, John Grant [Edited by Gzorcz N. LAWRENCE]. <A catalogue of the birds of Gre-
nada, West Indies, with observations thereon. ......... ccc ccescceccnccccnesccccancccscees 609-633
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
CUTS.
Page
Genetic relationship of the groups.of fishes .......---..--.------------++-------2e ee eeeeeee Bene alii 17
Arrangement of mouth parts in Ohondracanthus galeritus.....-----.--- Beale tatal ole tated tater 319
MPailliof Alguha@log. ~-- 225. 6e ce cece wena new sonnets one eae emma wen commen wane noo raceessasseceee= 383
Row-lock of Norwegian boat .....---2--- +--+ -- s-- 222 ee eee cee ee nn eee ee erence eee ee cee eeeeeeees 445
INAITILLESTCLELOLID ANGUS PUT OM Ube nee eee nanan cn alc eiaecinaalae aicisieee eats lem eie re aa ala! (els|mleleire i= mielaiialai— 461
PLATES.
Plates I-X XV at the end of the volume, each accompanied by its explanation.
DATES OF PUBLICATION OF SIGNATURES.
The signatures of this volume were stereotyped on the following dates: Signatures 1, 2, August 14,
1886; 3, August 21; 4, August 23; 5, 6. August 26; 7, September 2; 8, September 13; 9, September 15;
10, September 17; 11-13, September 28; 14, October 11; 15-18, October 13; 19-22, October 19; 23-26,
October 30; 27, December 7; 28, 29, December 8; 30-33, November 26; 34, December 2; 35, January
25, 1887; 36, February 8; 37, February 9; 38-40, February 11; 41, February 14.
The Smithsonian Institution received and published the signatures as follows: Signatures 1-6, Sep-
tember 17, 1886; 7-10, September 25; 11, 12, October 2; 13-18, October 22; 19-26, February 10, 1887; 27-
33, February 14; 34-39, February 24; 40,41, March 9.
vil
LIST OF CORRECTIONS.
Page 86, in the note, change Elspect to Elspeet; Starezynon to Starezynow ; Insol.—HOl to Insol
HCl.
Page 90, line 12, change stean to steam.
, line 19, change stain to strain.
Page 91, line 21, Paper on ‘‘Composition of Fulgurites*’ is not by Mr. Rose; authorship unknovy
Page 111, line 15, change streets to straits.
Page 120. line 31, change I to IL.
Page 190, Elaps bernadi, sp. nov., is not described in this volume, but in Bulletin 32, U. S. Nati
Museum.
vor
- PROGHE DINGS
OF THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM,
1886.
>
LIST OF FISHES COLLECTED IN ARKANSAS, INDIAN TERRITORY,
AND TEXAS, IN SEPTEMBER, 1884, WITH NOTES AND DESCRIP-
TIONS.
By DAVID S. JORDAN and CHARLES H. GILBERT.
During the months of July, August, and September, 1854, a series of
explorations of the streams of the South and Southwest was undertaken
under the direction of the U.S. National Museum and the U.S. Fish
Commission by the writers, assisted by Prof. Joseph Swain and by Mr.
Seth EK. Meek. Thepresent paper is the second of the series intended
to place on record the results of these explorations. The first of the
series, enumerating the collections of Jordan & Meek in Iowa and
Missouri, was published in these Proceedings for 1885, pp. 1-17.
In the present paper is the record of the collections made by the
writers working together in the streams farther south. The streams
examined were the White River (Arkansas), the Poteau River and other
tributaries of the Arkansas, the Washita River and its large tributary,
the Saline, the Red River, the Sabine River, the Trinity River, the
Lampasas River, the Colorado River, the Rio San Marcos and the Rio
Comal.
Most of the specimens were taken with a fine-meshed seine of large
size. These specimens are now in the U.S. National Museum, with the
exception of a series retained for the museums of the Indiana Univer-
sity and the University of Cincinnati.
A.—WHITE RIVER, NEAR EUREKA SPRINGS, ARKANSAS.
The northwestern part of Arkansas is an extremely broken and rocky
region, although none of the hills are of any great height. The streams
of this region are fed by numerous springs. The waters are very clear,
and the bottoms are gravelly. The general character of the streams
resembles that of parts of Kast Tennessee, and the fish fanna is re-
markably similar to that of the Tennessee River.
Proc. N. M. 86-——1 August 14, 1886,
ae
2 FISHES OF ARKANSAS.
Our collections were made in the White River, above the ‘‘ Narrow
and in a somewhat smaller but very similar stream called King’s Riv
at a point east of Eureka Springs. A few specimens were taken frc
the brook which has its rise in the different springs at Eureka.
1. Noturus miurus Jordan.
2. Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque.
3. Moxostoma macrolepidotum Le Sueur.
4. Placopharynx carinatus Cope.
Not rare. 3
5. Quassilabia lacera Jordan & Brayton.
Not rare. :
6. Campostoma anomalum Rafinesque.
7. Hybognathus nubila Forbes (var.).
(Alburnops nubilus Forbes; Hybognathus meeki Jordan & Gilbert, MSS.
Catalogue Fish, N. A.; no descr.)
Common. Our specimens of this species differ from typical exampl
received from Professor Forbes (from Kishwaukee River at Belvide
1]].) in the greater slenderness of the body and in the much paler colo1
tion. We therefore took them at first for a distinet species, to which w
given the MSS. name of H. meeki. A fuller comparison seems to lea
no doubt of their identity with H. nudila.
Color light olivaceous above, sides with a plumbeous band overla
by bright silvery; no caudal spot, and few dark punctulations on side
only traces of a dark band along sides of head. In life the male fi
has all the fins except the ventrals washed with light red. A r
shade on temporal region.
Head, 44 in length; depth, 43 to43. Hye,3in head. Scales, 5-37-
12 scales before dorsal. Teeth, 4-4, with broad grinding surface, the ty
middle ones slightly but distinctly, [? hooked], as in so-called Diond
Suborbitals extremely narrow. Snout short, vot very blunt. Mou
rather larger than in other Dionde, the maxillary reaching to opposi
posterior nostril, 35 in head. Pectorals, 1} in head.
This species was also obtained in different streams of Southwestei
Missouri.
8. Pimephales notatus Rafinesque.
9. Notropis galacturus Cope.
Very abundant; the commonest inhabitant of all the streams. Ste
blue in life. Base of caudal milky; the fin otherwise dusky, no re
Not evidently different from specimens from Tennessee.
10. Notropis zonatus Agassiz.
(Alburnus zonatus Agassiz. Putnam Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1, 9, 1863. Osa;
R.; not Cliola zonata Jor. & Gilb., Synopsis, 183, which is N. piptole)
Cope.)
Our specimens are all nearly plain, olivaceous above, with a more ¢
less distinct plumbeous lateral band from snout to base of caudal, ne
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 3
| ending in a dark spot. Ina few this band is quite distinet, but in most,
especially the larger examples, it is very obscure and overlaid by sil-
very. Fins pale, the caudal somewhat dusky, with a little pale at base.
None of these specimens show the. very distinct dusky lateral band
and the bright crimson flush of the sides and lower parts shown in
specimens taken a few days earlier by Gilbert & Meek in Niangua
River, Missouri. In these the red shades were very brilliant. All the
specimens, red and pale, however, evidently belong to the same species
and correspond well to Agassiz’s scanty description of Alburnus zona-
tus.* Allied to N. coccogenis Cope, but with much smaller mouth.
Body comparatively elongate, moderately compressed, Head rather
long, not very acute, rather broad and flattish above. Snout shortish,
3h in head. Eye very large (subject to considerable variation in differ-
ent specimens), about 3 in head.
Mouth oblique, the jaws equal, the maxillary not quite reaching front
of eye, its length 3 in head.
Seales not especially crowded, little deeper than long anywhere, their
edges indistinct along the flanks, not being marked by any special dusky
shade. Pores of the lateral line without dark dots. Lateral linecom-
plete, considerably decurved. Scales before dorsal large, about 16 in
number.
Insertion of dorsal behind that of ventrals, at a point midway be-
tween tip of snout and base of caudal fin. Vertical fins moderately
high. Pectoral fins reaching nearly to ventrals, the latter not quite to
vent.
Head, 41 in length; depth, 45 to4?. D.8; A.Sor9. Scales, 6-39-4.
Teeth, 2, 4-4, 2, hooked, with slight grinding surface. Length, 4 to 9
inches.
This species is found in the river channels with NV. galacturus, and is
equally abundant.
11. Notropis scabriceps Cope.
Our specimens agree well with Cope’s description (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei.
Phila., 1867, 166), and also with the description given in our Synopsis.
dead. 3 34 in length; depth,44. D.8; A.Sor9. Scales about 6-36-3.
Teeth, 2 4A , 2, With traces of grinding surface. Length of longest speci-
men, 22 inches.
Body comparatively robust, not strongly compressed, the back some-
what elevated. Head large, broad, and flattish above, the interorbital
width about equal to length of eye. Snout short, 54 in nea. Hye large,
about 3. Mouth rather large, oblique, the jaws equal, the maxillary
extending to opposite front of eye, } in head.
*“ Brown upon the back; a silvery band from the nose across the e ye » to the caudal
fin; beneath this a slightly broader dark band, which extends from the snout to the
tip of the central rays of the caudal fin; silvery below the dark band. Head large and
rounded. Average length of specimens 3 inches, Osage River. Mr. Stolley.” (Agassiz
MSS., Putnam Bull, M. C. Z., 1888, 1, 9.)
4 FISHES OF ARKANSAS.
Scales large, with well-defined edges; about 13 beforedorsal. Later
line decurved.
Insertion of dorsal very slightly behind ventrals, slightly nearer t
of snout than base of caudal. Dorsal fin rather high and pointec
other fins moderate.
Color greenish, sides with a silvery shade, above some plumbeou
Some dusky on sides of snout and on operele. Dusky points along tl
pores of the lateral line, and forming an obscure blotch at base of ca
dal. Fins plain, with some dusky at base. Scales above, with dusk
edges, their outlines therefore well defined.
This species is common with the two preceding. It is not very di
ferent from the young of NV. zonatus. Compared with the latter, it seen
to be rather more robust, with larger scales, the boundaries of whic
are more easily traced. There are also some slight differences in colo
We regard it, however, as without much doubt a distinct species.
12. Notropis megalops Rafinesque.
Common.
13. Notropis micropteryx Cope.
Very abundant. Identical with specimens from Tennessee.
Head, 44 in length; depth, 54. D.8; A.10. Seales 5-38-2. Teet
2,44, 2. Length, 24 to 2? inches. Body very slender, elongate. Hea
rather small, the snout pointed; mouth oblique, margin of upper lip ¢
level with the pupil, tip of maxillary reaching slightly past vertic
from front of orbit,its length 34 in head; snout, 33 in head. Eye rath
small, its diameter 34 in head; interorbital width about equal tolengt
of snout, slightly less than diameter of orbit. Pectorals short, 14 :
head, their tips reaching about 2 distance to ventrals. Ventrals ver
short, 2 in head, their tips reaching slightly more than 4 distance 1
anal. Dorsal fin situated far back, origin of its anterior ray midwa
between anterior margin of opercle and base of caudal fin. Base.
dorsal, 25 in head; longest dorsal ray, 13 in head ; base of anal, 2 in heac
longest anal ray, 13 in head; 18 to 20 seales in front of dorsal. Colo
olivaceous; sides, bright silvery; dorsal scales conspicuously dar!
edged; a dusky blotch at base of caudal underlying the silvery luste
No red on specimens examined.
14. Hybopsis amblops Rafinesque.
Very common. Not evidently different from Indiana specimens.
15. Hybopsis dissimilis Kirtland.
Common. Lat. 1. 49.
16. Hybopsis kentuckiensis Rafinesque.
(Luvilus kentuckiensis Raf.—= Semotilus biguttatus Kirtland.)
17. Phoxinus neogzus Cope.
A single specimen, not agreeing very well with Cope’s description
rather better with that of Jordan & Gilbert (Synopsis, 43), but pro
i886.] - PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5
ably identical with the types of each. Only the original specimens of
Cope, from Southern Michigan, and ours, from Baraboo River, Wiscon-
sin, have been hitherto known.
Head, 4!; depth, 45. D. 8; A. 8 Seales, 18-80-10. Length, 24
inches. Teeth, 2, 4-5, 2.
Body rather stout, little compressed. Head large, broad, with rounded
outline; the snout blunt, 3 in head. Eye small, 32. Mouth rather
small, terminal, oblique, the jaws about equal, the maxillary reaching
front of eye, 24 in head.
Scales minute, covering the body evenly. Lateral line decurved, in-
complete, its pores visible for about half length of body. Insertion of
dorsal behind that of ventrals, at a point midway between nostril and
base of caudal. Dorsal fin high, 11 in head. Pectorals rather long, 1} -
in head; other fins pointed.
Color everywhere pale; sides with a well-defined plumbeous lateral
band overlaid by silvery; no caudal spot.
18. FPundulus catenatus Storer.
Very abundant; even more so than in the Tennessee Basin.
19. Zygonectes notatus Rafinesque.
Common.
t
20. Labidesthes sicculus Cope.
Common.
21. Micropterus dolomiei Lacépéde.
Common.
22. Lepomis megalotis Rafinesque.
Common.
23. Lepomis humilis Girard.
Common.
24. Percina caprodes Rafinesque.
Common.
25. Hadropterus evides Jordan & Copeland. (36325.)
Common. These specimens agree with those taken by Jordan & Meek
in the Des Moines River at Ottumwa. Lat. |. 64 or 65.
26. Diplesion blennioides Rafinesque. (36334.)
Common.
27. Etheostoma cceruleum spectabile Agassiz. (36329.)
Common.
28. Etheostoma zonale arcansanum, subsp. nov.
Searce.
The specimens of ZL. zonale (Cope) obtained by us in the Ozark re-
gion differ from the typical form in having the breast nearly or quite
naked.
6 FISHES OF ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN.
The following specimens of this type are in the National Museum:
36249, Spring River (Neosho), Carthage, Mo.
36275. James Fork of White River, Marshfield, Mo.
36399. Poteau River, near Hackett City, Ark.
36410. Washita River, Arkadelphia, Ark. ;
36447. Saline River, Benton, Ark.
In other respects it is not materially different from the typical J
conale.
29. Uranidea richardsoni Agassiz.
Common, especially about springs in cool water.
B.—TRIBUTARIES OF ARKANSAS RIVER IN THE VICINITY OF FOR
SMITH.
Our collections in this region were made in the Poteau River at Slat
Ford, Indian Territory; some distance west of the village of Hacke
City; in the James Fork of the Poteau, a smaller stream flowing into th
Poteau from the west; in the Arkansas River opposite Fort Smith
and in Lee’s Creek, above the town of Van Buren.
The Poteau River is a rather muddy stream, flowing over shaly rock
and at the time we were there its waters were very low on account «
dry weather. Lee’s Creek is a similar stream, but smaller, with cleare
waters, made up of a seccession of pools, often muddy on the botton
alternating with stony shoals.
The Arkansas River is there, as elsewhere, very muddy and ret
Fishes are searce in that part of the river shallow enough for our net
to be used.
The other streams nentioned are comparatively rich in species. U1
less otherwise specified, all the species below were found both in th
Poteau and in Lee’s Creek.
1. Lepidosteus osseus Linnieus.
2. Lepidosteus tristcechus Bloch & Schneider.
A large skin seen.
Go
. Noturus miurus Jordan.
4. Noturus nocturnus, sp. nov.
Abundant in flowing water in the Poteau River.
Head, 33 in length; depth, 53; width of head, 42. D.I, 6; A. 15 ¢
16. Length, 2 to 3 inches.
Body moderately robust, slenderer than in NV. gyrinus, but more re
bust than in N. flavus or N. insignis. Head not very large, little d
pressed, rounded above. Eyes small, 24 in interorbital width, 5 to
in head. Lower jaw included. Band of premaxillary teeth not pre
longed backward. Barbels shortish, the maxillary barbel scarcel
reaching gill-opening. Origin of dorsal fin a little nearer front of ad
pose fin than snout, its spine 22 in head. Pectoral spine short, 2 i
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 7
head, its inner margin with short sharp teeth on the basal half, its
outer margin nearly entire, with a few points near its tip. Adipose fin
rather high, its edge continuous with that of the caudal, with no evident
notch between. Anal fin rather long and high, its base 4+ in body, its
- longest ray 1% in head.
Color uniform dark brown, without bars or markings, the body and
fins being densely covered with dark points, visible under the lens; fins
all dusky, with narrow pale margins.
This species is nearest to N. leptacanthus among those now known.
It differs from that species in the stronger spines and in the more
robust form.
It was also obtained by us in the Washita and Saline Rivers. The
best specimens obtained (36461, U.S. N. M.) were from the Saline, at
Benton.
5. Noturus flavus Ratinesque.
G. Leptops olivaris Rafinesque.
Arkansas River.
7. Amiurus natalis Le Sueur.
8. Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque.
Very common, especially in the Arkansas.
9. Ictiobus velifer Ratfinesque.
10. Catostomus nigricans. Le Sueur.
11. Moxostoma macrolepidotum Le Sueur.
12. Placopharynx carinatus Cope.
13. Campostoma anomalum Rafinesque.
14. Hybognathus nuchalis Girard.
15. Pimephales notatus Rafinesque.
Scarce. |
16. Cliola vigilax Baird & Girard.
Searce.
17. Notropis scabriceps Cope.
Poteau River; rather scarce. Specimens apparently identical with
those taken in White River, except that they are much more silvery than
the latter and almost destitute of dark points on the scales except at
base of caudal.
18. Notropis illecebrosus Girard.
Identical with Girard’s types. Coloration very pale and silvery.
19. Notropis dilectus Girard.
Very abandant.
20. Notropis umbratilis Girard.
Not rare; originally described from tributaries of the Poteau.
8 FISHES OF ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN.
21. Notropis lutrensis Baird & Girard.
Abundant in the Poteau; described from Sugar Loaf Creek, a tribt
tary of the Poteau, under the name of Moniana pulchella.
22. Notropis whipplei Girard.
(Cyprinella analostana Girard.)
Common. Our Arkansas specimens are all slender as compared wit
the ordinary Easterfi analostana, but we detect no other difference. Th
species was first described from Sugar Loaf Creek.
23. Phenacobius mirabilis Girard. '
Common. Originally described from Fort Smith. Scales 47 to 5:
24. Hybopsis storerianus Kirtland.
(Ceratichthys lucens Jordan.)
Common.
25. Hybopsis amblops Rafinesque.
(? Gobio vernalis Girard.)
26. Hybopsis estivalis Girard.
Abundant in the Arkansas River; not found in the smaller stream:
Color very pale olivaceous-silvery, sparsely and irregularly covere
with small black dots as in H. hyostomus, &c. Fins plain.
Head, 33 in length; depth, 54. D. 8; A.8. Teeth, 4-4. Scale:
6-36-4. Length, 24 inches.
Body slender, with long and slender caudal peduncle, the bac
searcely elevated. Head long and low, the snout rather pointed, an
projecting much beyond the mouth. Mouth small, inferior, the maxillar
extending to opposite the large posterior nostril. Barbel very conspi
tous, aS long as snout, 23 in head. Hye comparatively small, 4 to 4
in head. Fins all high, the caudal deeply forked, its lobes subequa
Pectorals reaching ventrals. Insertion of dorsal over that of ventral:
nearer snout than base of caudal.
On comparison of our specimens with the types of Ceratichthys ste
letus Cope, we find no difference.
27. Dorosoma cepedianum Le Sueur.
28. Zygonectes notatus Rafinesque.
Common.
29. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard.
In Lee’s Creek.
30. Labidesthes sicculus Cope.
31. Stizostedion canadense H. Smith.
Coloration very dark.
$2. Stizostedion vitreum Mitchill.
One specimen in Lee’s Creek.
33. Percina caprodes Rafinesque. (36388.)
Common.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9
34. Ammocrypta vivax Hay. (36361, 36385.)
Very abundant.
This species differs from A. pellucida in a feature of coloration. There
is a blackish bar constantly across the base of the soft dorsal, and
usually a fainter one across the base of the caudal. The scales are
firmer and rougher in A. vivax than in A. pellucida, and the nape be-
fore the dorsal is more or less closely scaled. while’in A. pellucida this
is naked. Perhaps the two species may be found to vary into each
other.
D. XI, 10. Lat. 1. about 75.
35. Hadropterus phoxocephalus Nelson. (36387.)
Not very common.
36. Hadropterus aspro Cope & Jordan. (36354, 36403.)
Not rare; coloration very pale.
37. Boleosoma camurum Forbes. (36492.)
One specimen taken in Poteau River:
38. Ulocentra histrio Jordan & Gilbert. (36386.)
Abundant in swift places in the Poteau River.
39. Cottogaster shumardi Girard.
Not very common; the only Darter taken in the Arkansas River. No
bright colors in life.
40. Cottogaster copelandi Jordan. (36360, 36404.)
Abundant. This is the first notice of this species other than in the
original locality, White River, at Indianapolis.
No bright colors in life. A dusky bar across spinous dorsal, but no
distinct spot. D. XI,11; A. II, 8. Lat. 1.57 to 59. Arkansas speci-
mens have the cheeks usually more or less scaly, as is also the nape.
41. Diplesion blennioides Rafinesque. (36392.)
Lee’s Creek.
42. Etheostoma whipplei Girard. (36353, 36377.)
(Pecilichthys punctulatus Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis 516; not P. punctulatus
Agassiz. )
Very abundant; the commonest of the Darters, living in the small
streams. Adults with many bright orange spots on the body, arranged
somewhat in vertical rows; young usually, but not always, with orange.
Vertical fms largely blue-black, especia!ly in the males.
We have found Girard’s type of Boleichthys whipplei a young female
of this species. The punctulatus of Agassiz is a different fish, never
fully described, and not seen since Agassiz’s time until lately taken by
Gilbert & Meek in tributaries of the Osage.
43. Etheostoma fusiforme Girard. (36400.)
A few small specimens without bright colors, agreeing closely with
the types of Pecilichthys palustris Gilbert, a species which we are now
10 FISHES OF ARKANSAS.
unable to separate from #. barratti and HE. fusiforme. The types
Boleichthys gracilis are identical with the P. palustris, -
44, Micropterus salmoides Lacépéde.
Very abundant.
45. Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque.
Poteau River. °
46. Lepomis humilis Girard.
Poteau River.
47. Lepomis megalotis Rafinesque.
Common. Coloration very green, with blue spots and with little red
fins with little orange; opercular flap long, with broad edgings.
48. Lepomis pallidus Mitchill.
Common.
49. Pomoxys annularis Rafinesque.
Poteau River.
50. Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque.
Common.
C.—WASHITA RIVER AT ARKADELPHIA AND SALINE RIVER AT BEN
TON, ARKANSAS,
The Washita River and its large tributary, the Saline, are very clea
streams, flowing down from the Ozark Mountains. At the localities ex
amined both are moderately rapid, forming alternations of ripples an
deep quiet pools. In both the bottom is chiefly made up of fine grave:
The Caddo River, another tributary of the Washita, is a swift, col
stream, with the bottom largely rocky. In this few species were found
The Washita was examined by us about one-half a mile above Arkadel
phia. We found this a better locality for collecting fishes than any othe
mentioned in this paper. The Etheostomoids were especially abundant
a greater number being found here than in any other locality thus far re
corded in the United States. The Saline River was examined near Ben
ton, at a point just above the railroad bridge. This locality is also |
most excellent collecting ground. Although the stream is much smalle
than the Washita, the number of species obtained is scarcely less thai
was taken at Arkadelphia. Unless otherwise stated all the specie
noted below were found both in the Washita and the Saline.
1. Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque.
2. Noturus nocturnus Jordan & Gilbert
Abundant in shallow rapids.
3. Noturus miurus Jordan.
4. Ictiobus velifer Rafinesque.
Color very brassy in life; lower fins pink.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1}
5. Catostomus nigricans Le Sueur.
6. Moxostoma macrolepidotum Le Sueur.
7. Placopharynx carinatus Cope.
Abundant.
A large, coarse Sucker, externally identical with the species of Mowos-
toma, from which genus it differs only in the remarkable development
of the lower pharyngeals and their teeth. The coloration is much deeper
than in most species of Moxostoma, the back dark olive-green, the sides
brassy, without silvery luster; the caudal fin deep red. The dusky col-
oration persists even in alcohol.
Head about 4 in length; depth, 34. D.12; A.7. Scales, 6—45-5.
Longest rays of dorsal longer than base of fin, 14 in head. Head rather
broad and flattish above, its upper surface somewhat uneven. Upper
lobe of caudal narrower than lower, and more or less longer.
8. Campostoma anomalum Rafinesque.
9. Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz.
Very abundant in the Saline, where it is the commonest of all the
Minnows.
10. Pimephales notatus Rafinesque.
Common. Numerous young specimens from the Saline are very
slender, but seem to show no tangible points of distinction.
11. Notropis whipplei Girard.
Very abundant. These specimens are all rather more slender than
the Eastern analostanus of the same size, but we find no other differ-
ences.
12. Notropis umbratilis Girard.
13. Notropis scabriceps Cope.
Abundant in the swift current, especially in the colder waters of the
Caddo River.
14. Notropis dilectus Girard.
_ Very abundant.
A little fish very abundant in the Saline River; was at first taken by
us for a distinct species, and referred to under the manuscript name of
Notropis ionthas.
Renewed comparison leaves little doubt that this is the young of
Notropis dilectus. The body in these young fishes is profusely sprinkled
with black dots, as in Hybopsis estivalis.
15. Hybopsis dissimilis Kirtland.
Common.
16. Clupea chrysochloris Rafinesque.
17. Dorosoma cepedianum Le Sueur.
18. Hyodon tergisus Le Sueur.
19. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard.
Abundant in the springs tributary to Caddo River.
iS - FISHES OF ARKANSAS.
20. Zygonectes notatus Rafinesque.
21. Fundulus catenatus Storer.
22. Hsox vermiculatus Le Sueur.
in ponds and cut-offs tributary to the Saline.
23. Labidesthes sicculus Cope.
24. Roccus chrysops Rafinesque.
25. Micropterus salmoides Lacépéde.
26. Micropterus dolomiei Lacépéde.
The two species of Black Bass are about equally abundant in th
Washita and Saline.
27. Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque.
28. Lepomis humilis Girard.
29. Lepomis megalotis Rafinesque.
30. Lepomis pallidus Mitchill.
31. Ammocrypta vivax Hay. (36414, 36444.)
32. Crystallaria asprella Jordan. (36412.)
Three specimens taken in the Washita River, the largest about .
inches in length.
This species differs quite strongly from the Ammocrypte in havin;
the premaxillaries non-protractile, in the much greater development 0
the vertical fins, and in the less hyaline structure of the body, whicl
is also more closely and firmly scaled. In all these regards it represent
a transition from Ammocrypta toward Hadropterus.
The description in our Synopsis Fish. N. A., p. 490, is badly vitiatec
by the count of the fin-rays having been taken from a young exampl
supposed to be the same as the type, but really belonging to Ammocrypt
vivax. D. XIV,13; A.1,12. Seales, 7-83-x. The statement made b:
Mr. Worthen, the original discoverer of the species, that in life it ‘‘ pre
sents all the colors of the rainbow,” is erroneous. The life coloratior
is substantially as described in the Synopsis, there being no red or blu
markings.
33. Boleosoma camurum Forbes. (36420, 36441.)
Abundant in the small pools and cut-offs.
34. Cottogaster copelandi Jordan, (36416, 36471.)
Very abundant.
35. Cottogaster uranidea Jordan & Gilbert. (86413.)
Five or six specimens taken in shallow rapid water in the Washita
36. Etheostoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert. (36409, 36448.)
Not rare in the current. The frenum of the upper jaw in this species
is very narrow, so that the premaxillaries are almost protractile. The
skull is narrow and high across the parietal region, as in EH. cerulewn
1885.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 15
37. Diplesion blennioides Rafinesque. (36418, 36469.)
Abundant.
88. Hadropterus aspro Cope & Jordan. (36422.)
One specimen taken in Saline River.
39. Hadropterus ouachite Jordan & Gilbert. (36449.)
Several specimens from Saline River.
40. Hadropterus scierus Swain. (26411.)
Abundant. These specimens agree well with the original types from
the streams about Bloomington, Ind. It is remarkable that these
guree species (Hadropterus scierus, Hadropterus evides, Cottogaster cope-
landi), hitherto known from a few localities in Central Indiana only,
should prove to be characteristic of the Ozark region.
41. Percina caprodes Rafinesque. (36417.)
42. Etheostoma cosruleum spectabile Storer. (36445.)
43. Etheostoma whipplei Girard. (36419, 36442.)
Specimens from the Washita, supposed to be of the same species,
lack the red spots.
44. Htheostoma saxatile Hay.
A few from the Saline.
45. Ethecstoma zonale arcansanum Jordan & Gilbert.
Not rare.
46. Etheostoma fusiforme Girard. (36415, 36470.)
Abundant in the muddy pools along the Washita and Saline. The
specimens are similar to the type of P. palustris Gilbert.
47. Alvarius fonticola Jordan & Gilbert. (36607.)
One specimen from the Washita.
D.—RED RIVER AT FULTON, ARKANSAS.
The Red River at Fulton, Ark., flows with a moderate current over
a bed of fine reddish sand and mud or silt. Itis subject to great
variations in level, according to the rain-fall, being in the winter and
spring a torrent of muddy water, overflowing its banks, and in summer
and autumn clear and reduced to 2 or 3 rods in width and 5 to 7 feet in
depth in the channel. Along its shores are numerous “ lakes,” ponds
of shallow muddy water in the forests, fed by the spring overflow, and
drying up gradually in the summer.
At the time of our visit (September) the water was near its lowest
point, andeverything was favorable for collections. The stream is, how-
ever, singularly barren of fish-life, and although it was as carefully and
fully seined as the Washita, we found barely half as many species as in
the latter stream. The character of the bottom of the Red River is evi-
dently unfavorable for fishes,
14 FISHES OF ARKANSAS.
. Scaphirhynchops platyrhynchus Rafinesque.
. Lepidosteus osseus Linnzus.
. Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque.
hb ON Ho
. Leptops olivaris Rafinesque.
Locally known as “ Russian Cat.”
5. Ictiobus bubalus Rafinesque.
(Bubalichthys bubalus Agassiz. )
G. Ictiobus velifer Rafinesque.
7. Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz.
Very abundant; by far more numerous in individuals than any oth
species in the river. None of the specimens areas large as those tak«
in the Saline River, but we can find no specific distinction betwee
them.
8. Hybopsis storerianus Kirtland.
Rather common.
9. Hybopsis estivalis Girard.
Abundant in the current.
10. Notropis dilectus Girard.
Abundant; some of the specimens are much more slender than othe
but all seem to belong to the same species.
il. Notropis venustus Girard.
(Cyprinella venusta Girard. Cyprinella cercostigma Cope= Luxilus chickas
vensis Hay = Clivla urostigma Jordan & Meek.)
A few small specimens obtained of this species so characteristic
the rivers of Texas. Although some of Girard’s types, as the one e
amined by Meek (see Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, 124), may belong >
some other species, yet his figure represents this species so well that
am compelled to regard this as the original venusta.
12. Clupea chrysochloris Rafinesque.
13. Dorosoma cepedianum Le Sueur.
14. Hyodon alosoides Rafinesque.
15. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard.
16. Zygonectes notatus Rafinesque.
17. Micropterus salmoides Lacépéde.
18. Lepomis pallidus Mitchill.
19. Pomoxys sparoides Lacépéde.
20. Cottogaster shumardi Girard. (36338.)
One specimen.
21. Ammocrypta clara Jordan & Meek. (36337.)
Three specimens.
22. Roceus chrysops Rafinesque. ‘‘ Rock Bass,”
23, Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. is
L.—SABINE RIVER AT LONGVIEW, TEXAS.
The Sabine River, 5 miles south of Longview, Tex., is, in midsummer,
a small, rather clear stream, flowing with little current over a bottom of
fine gravel, mud, and sand.
It is a better stream for fishes than the Red River, but, as it almost
dries up in the summer, the larger species do not thrive in it.
1. Noturus nocturnus Jordan & Gilbert.
2. Moxostoma peecilurum Jordan.
Young specimens, the caudal fin having precisely the same bright
coloration as the original types.
3. Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz.
Abundant.
4. Cliola vigilax Baird & Girard.
5. Notropis dilectus Girard.
A row of dark points above the base of the anal fin exists in this
species, and may prove a convenient diagnostic mark.
6. Notropis lutrensis Baird & Girard.
Common.
7. Notropis venustus Girard.
Common.
8. Notropis sabine, sp. noy. (36434.)
Head, 34 in length; depth, 42. D.8; A.7. Scales, 4-33-2. Teeth,
4-4, hooked, with some grinding surface. Length, about 2 inches.
Allied to Notropis deliciosus, but notably different in form, the out-
line of the body resembling that of a young Red Horse (Jloxostoma).
Body moderately compressed, the caudal peduncle long and thick,
the back distinctly elevated, the profile from the tip of the snout to
the front of the dorsal forming a nearly regular curve. Back rather
broad above, its edge little compressed. Head rather Jong, broad and
flattish above. Interorbital width 23 in lengthof head. Snout 62 in head.
Eye small, 32. Mouth rather large, nearly horizontal, the lower jaw a
little shorter than the upper, the maxillary reaching to a little past
front of pupil, 24 in head.
Seales very large, those on the back not reduced in size, 14 before
dorsal. Lateral line not strongly decurved.
Insertion of dorsal fin slightly nearer tip of snout than base of caudal,
nearly over insertion of ventrals. Dorsal fin rather short and small;
anal fin small; pectoral fins comparatively long, about reaching ven-
trals; their length 1} in head.
Color very paie, scarcely silvery; margins of scales on back and sides
with dark points, so that their edges are distinctly traceable; fins pale.
9. Phenacobius mirabilis Girard,
Lat. 1. 48,
16 FISHES OF TEXAS.
10. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard.
11. Zygonectes notatus Rafinesque.
12. Micropterus salmoides Lacépade.
13. Lepomis humilis Girard.
14. Ammocrypta clara Jordan & Meek. (36488.)
Abundant.
15. Ammocrypta vivax Hay. (36487.)
Rather common.
16. Hadropterus scierus Swain, var. serrula, var. nov. (36481.)
Abundant. The Texas specimens of this species differ somewha
from those examined from Indiana and Arkansas, and may be taken a
a distinct variety (serrula). The scales are somewhat smaller in vai
serrula (lat. 1. 68 to 71 in serrula; 64 to 66 in most Indiana examples
The coloration in serrula is paler, with more sharply-defined marking:
the black blotches on the side being less confluent, and the sides of th
belly without dark clouds.
In the Texas specimens the breast is naked, while in most Indian
examples it is more or less scaly. The preopercle is very weakly, bu
generally distinetly, sérrulate.
In very old specimens from Indiana these serrations disappear.
17. Htheostoma jessie Jordan & Brayton. (36482.)
(Pucilichthys jessie Jordan & Brayton=Pacilichthys asprigenis Forbes=Pe
cilichthys swaini Jordan.)
Several specimens, all less than 2 inches long. In life these wer
dark olivaceous, with cross blotches or bars of dark greenish; bod
everywhere above and below covered with dark dots. Dorsals an
caudal with dark cross streaks, the spinous dorsal with an orange-re
bar across it near the edge. Three dark spots at base of caudal, th
median one most distinct. The usual dark markings about eye. N
dark humeral spot. Lower fins dusky.
Seales 5-48-7, their outlines distinct from the dark edgings. Breas
naked; nape seantily scaled or partly naked. Opereles well sealec
Cheeks nearly naked; a few small scales above. Lateral line extend
ing about to middle of caudal peduncle.
These specimens differ a little from typical examples of EH. asprigen
(=P. jessie Jordan & Brayton), but these differences seem to b
within the range of individual variation in this variable species.
F.—TRINITY RIVER, AT DALLAS, TEXAS.
The Trinity River at Dallas, Tex., is in midsummer a very small strear
of muddy-gray water rsuning with a sluggish current over dirty grave
and mud. The conditions are unfavorable to fish-life, and very fev
species were taken, although the locality was very thoroughly exam
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. LZ
ined. A few specimens were taken from a spring brook north of the
city.
1. Noturus nocturnus Jordan & Gilbert,
; Leptops olivaris Rafinesque,
. Campostoma anomalum Rafinesque,
Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz,
. Cliola vigilax Baird & Girard.
. Phenacobius mirabilis Girard. ‘
I 9 oO PB wRND
. Notropis lutrensis Baird & Girard,
Abundant.
8. Notropis texanus Girard.
A few specimens of a small Minnow of the deliciosus type, which we
are compelled to believe identical with the Cyprinella tecana of Girard.
Body more slender than in Girard’s figure (perhaps deeper with age),
the depth about 44 in length. Head about 4. D.8; A.8. Seales about
5-35-4; 15 scales before dorsal. Eye 3 in head, a trifle longer than
snout. Maxillary 3 in head, about reaching front of eye. Mouth nearly
horizontal, the lower jaw little longer than upper. Lateral line nearly
straight; fins moderate.
Color silvery, the scales above dark-edged ; scales of lateral line with
dark points; a small jet-black spot at base of caudal a little larger than
pupil; a row of dark points along base of anal.
Compare with Meek’s description of the type of Cyprinella texana
(Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, 124).
9. Zygonectes notatus Rafinesque.
10. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard.
11. Lepomis pallidus Mitchill.
12. Hadropterus scierus serrula Jordan & Gilbert. (36476.)
Rather abundant in flowing water in the river.
13. Etheostoma fusiforme Girard. (36541.)
Abundant in the spring outlet.
G.—RIO LAMPASAS, AT BELTON, TEXAS.
The Rio Lampasas, at a point some 5 miles south of Belton, Tex., is
a clear, swift stream, fed by limestone springs, and with a gravelly or
somewhat rocky bottom, the swift ripples alternating with deep quiet
areas, in which the water reaches a depth of 6 or7 feet. At the locality
examined, just below the bridge on the toll-road, everything is favorable
for seining, and our list, although short, is probably nearly complete for
the locality. A large spring flows into the river at this point, and in
the spring and its outlet we found all our specimens of Ltheostoma and
Gembusia.
Proc. N. M. 86
2 August L4, i886.
18 FISHES OF TEXAS.
The Rio Leon, at a point about 3 miles north of Belton, just abc
the upper railroad bridge, is a smaller stream than the Lampasas, a
flows very shallow in a broad, rocky bed. Its waters are not very cl
and wherever the current is slackened the bottom is covered with s
mud. The locality is not a very good one, and nothing was fou
that was not taken also in the Lampasas, into which the Leon flo
a few miles lower down.
1. Lepidosteus osseus L.
The Gar Pikes obtained in the Lampasas have the round spots
the sides of the jaws and the dark suborbital bar much more disti
than in any other specimens we have seen. The eye is also unusua
large. An examination of a considerable series of Gars shows that
these as in various other respects the species are extremely variak
and little weight can be attached to these differences.
2. Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque.
3. Leptops olivaris Rafinesque.
Rather common.
4. Noturus nocturnus Jordan & Gilbert.
Scarce.
5. Moxostoma congestum Baird & Girard.
(Ptychostomus albidus Girard. )
Abundant in the Lampasas River in deep water, and reaching a ¢
siderable size. A description of specimens from Belton is given in J
dan’s Cat. Fish. N. A. 1885, 19. It differs from M. awreolum chiefly
the size of the dorsal fin, which is low and small, with but 12 rays. D
sal always dusky; none of the fins red in life.
6. Ictiobus velifer Rafinesque, var.
(Carpiodes tumidus Baird & Girard.)
Our specimens agree very well with the figure given by Girard in t
Report of the Mexican Boundary Survey. Compared with a specim
of what I call Ictiobus velifer, of nearly the same size, taken in t
White River, at Gosport, Ind., we find the following differences :
The general outline in the two is similar, but the Texas specimen
less compressed, more robust in appearance, darker and more brassy
color, with rather larger and coarser scales. The depth in both is o1
third the length. The head is 4 in length in the Texas specimen, 3%
the other. The eye in both is 4 in head in specimens of 8 inches, a
in both cases the snout projects not far beyond the mouth. The op
cles in the Texas examples are strongly and sharply striate, as shown
Girard’s figure, while in the other the striations, similar in number a
position, are very inconspicuous. In both, the long rays of the dor:
teach about to the base of the fourth ray from the last. In the Tex
examples the anterior rays are much stouter than in the Indiana fis
The scales in the Texas example are 6-37-5, in the other 7-40-6. 4
are without doubt referable to a single species,
- 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 19
7. Campostoma anomalum Rafinesque,.
8. Cliola vigilax Baird & Girard.
9. Notropis lutrensis Baird & Girard.
10. Notropis venustus Girard.
Very abundant. Males with the fins bright orange-yellow in life; the
tips milky. Back steel-blue.
11. Notropis deliciosus Girard.
Identical with specimens taken in the Rio Comal, but a little paler
than the latter.
12. Notropis texanus Girard.
A single specimen, identical with those from the Trinity already men-
tioned.
13. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard, var.
Suborbital bar scarcely visible; otherwise essentially asin the Eastern
form (patruelis).
14. Zygonectes notatus Rafinesque.
15. Micropterus salmoides Lacépéde.
16. Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque.
17. Lepomis megalotis Rafinesque.
Coloration peculiar; young, in life, light green, with light bronze
streaks along the rows of scales, alternating with grayish-blue. Oper-
cular flap with broad pale edging.
18. Cheenobryttus gulosus Cuy. & Val.
In Leon River. (36546.)
19. Hadropterus scierus Swain (serrula).
Common in the river.
20. Etheostoma lepidum Baird & Girard. (36547.)
Abundant in the springs and their outlets.
General form and appearance of -1. ceruleum. Olivaceous above;
male with broad cross-bars, broader and less oblique than in LH. ewru-
leum, of a bluish-green color, and separated by bright orange interspaces.
First dorsal bluish on edge, then pale, then a stripe of bright orange,
then dusky and yellowish at base. Soft dorsal speckled, with a diffuse
median band of orange. Breast and throat orange; anal pale; ventrals
bluish; caudal speckled, with some yellowish. |
This species is extremely close to H. ceruleum, with which, through
var. spectabile, it may prove to be connected by intermediate forms. In
details of form there is no appreciable difference between the two. In
EE. lepidum, the head is, however, entirely scaleless, and the bars on the
sides are greener in color, broader and less oblique. The nape is usu-
ally thinly scaled, as is often the case in L. cwruleum, We count D.
IX, 12; A. JI, 6, Scales, 5-48-8,
PRI EAS Sit Rt SM ik Ad ent RS RS 1 SP RIT SA RE IR AE ARN Sateen =
20 FISHES OF TEXAS.
H.—RIO COLORADO, Al AUSTIN, TEXAS.
The Colorado River at Austin, Tex., is a broad, rather swift, cle
stream, flowing over a bottom of gravel and rocks, occasionally mud
in places where there is no current. Above Austin, a little over am
on the west side of the river, Spring Creek flows into the Colorac
This is a very clear, cold, limestone stream, fed in summer, in large pa:
by the waters of Barton Spring. This spring is a round cavity sor
50 feet across and 8 to 10 feet deep, from which flows a strong curre
of pure cold water. The spring is full of water plants, and is the abo
of Eels, Gambusia, and the Catfishes.
We seined very carefully and successfully the spring, the creek, ai
the river. Large numbers of individuals were obtained, but only
small number of species. The fact is, apparently, that only a sm:
number of species actually inhabit the river. The Colorado River
larger than the Washita or the White River, Indiana. It is a strea
of similar character in many respects to these, and it was more thx
oughly explored than the Washita. Our records show 75 species in t
White River (results of repeated work), 47 species in the Washita (1
sults of the work of a single morning), and 25 in the Colorado.
1. Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque.
2. Amiurus nebulosus catulus Girard.
In Barton Spring.
3. Leptops olivaris Rafinesque.
4. Ictiobus carpio Rafinesque.
Numerous specimens, apparently specifically identical with Northe
specimens which we have called by this name, but rather more elonga
than any of these, and rather more brassy in color.
Head short, 4 in length; depth, 3,4. Hye rather small, 44 in hea
Snout projecting little beyond the mouth, its length a little more th:
that of eye. Opercle very strongly striate. Longest ray of dorsal n
quite reaching to the middle of the fin when depressed; anterior ra
little thickened, D.32. Scales, 7-40-5. Body subfusiform, the ba
compressed, little arched.
5. Ictiobus velifer Rafinesque (twmidus).
. Moxostoma congestum Baird & Girard.
. Campostoma anomalum Rafinesque.
. Pimephales notatus Rafinesque.
oon oO
. €liola vigilax Baird & Girard.
10. Notropis lutrensis Baird & Girard.
11. Notropis venustus Girard.
Abundant.
12. Notropis notatus Girard.
A few small specimens, which we refer to this species. They ha
the caudal spot faint, overlaid by the scales, and but 34 scales in t
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 21
lateral line. In other respects they agree with NV. venustus, from which
species they may prove to be not distinct.
13. Notropis swaini Jordan & Gilbert.
Abundant in the outlet of the spring.
14. Hybopsis estivalis Girard.
Abundant in the current of the river.
15. Anguilla anguilla rostrata De Kay.
Abundant in Barton Spring.
16. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard (humilis).
17. Zygonectes notatus Rafinesque.
18. Micropterus salmoides Lacépeéde.
These specimens agree with Northern ones in form and squamation.
The mouth is, however, a little smaller, and the coloration is somewhat
differeut. The lateral band is broken up into numerous irregular dark
cross-streaks, which reach the dorsal fin, and below this there are very
distinct longitudinal streaks following the rows of scales. The caudal
fin has narrow cross-streaks formed of dark spots.
19. Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque.
20. Lepomis megalotis Rafinesque.
Coloration very green.
21. Lepomis pallidus Mitchill.
With cross-shades of coppery-red on lower part of sides.
22. Percina caprodes Rafinesque.
23. Etheostoma lepidum Baird & Girard. (36587.)
Abundant in the outlet to the spring.
24. Aplodinotus grunniens Rafinesque.
In the river. |
I.—RIO SAN MARCOS, AT SAN MARCOS, TEXAS.
The San Marcos River takes its rise in a very large spring, one of
the largest in the United States, in the limestone hills at San Marcos.
From the spring flows a strong stream of very clear and somewhat cold
water, rather swift, and full of grass and water-weeds. The size of the
stream varies little with the change of season. Three or four miles be-
low San Marcos the Rio Blanco, a long stream, flowing over gravel, and
nearly dry in summer, flows into the San Marcos. Our collections were
made in the Rio Blanco and in the Rio San Mareos, just below the
mouth cf the former. In the Rio Blanco we found little except Notro-
pis lutrensis, which swarmed in all the pools. In the Rio San Marcos
Darters were very abundant, as was to be expected in such waters.
Se
{
1
LS I sk eS al Sia Sees mshcicemeeemerson
99 FISHES OF TEXAS.
1. Lepidosteus osseus Linnus.
2. Amiurus nebulosus catulus Girard.
Two large specimens of the black Texas vanes of the common Bu
head. The original type of Pimelodus catulus Girard has the pecto1
spines long, and belongs to A. nebulosus rather than to A. melas.
3. Moxostoma congestum Girard.
4. Cliola vigilax Baird & Girard.
Abundant.
5. Notropis lutrensis Baird & Girard.
Very abundant in the Rio Blanco; the males brightly colored. The
Specimens are more elongate than most of those from Iowa, but they «
not seem to differ specifically.
6. Notropis swaini Jordan & Gilbert.
(Alburnus megalops Girard ; not Cyprinus megalops Raf.)
Not rare.
7. Notropis deliciosus Girard.
Scarce. Our specimens do not evidently differ from those taken 1]
us in the Des Moines.
8. Hybopsis estivalis marconis, var. nov.
Abundant in the San Marcos, and renehine a length of 3 inch
The specimens of this species from the San Marcos differ from the othe
we have in a few respects. The eye is larger than in the types of
sterletus, or than in specimens from the Arkansas River, it being 34
head in marconis and about 4 in specimens of estivalis of the sar
size. The caudal peduncle is stouter in marconis than usual in estir
lis, its least depth being half the greatest depth of the body.
H. hyostomus Gilbert is another very closely related species. In th
the eye is still larger, and the snout shorter and less projecting.
all the body is profusely sprinkled with black dots.
9. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard (var. humilis. es
(Zygonectes patruelis Girard.)
Common ; some of the specimens nearly 2 inches long; therefore ve
large for this species.
These evidently represent the Zygonectes brachypterus of Cope, a
apparently the Gambusia gracilis of Girard (=humilis Gthr.). From tl
ordinary patruelis they do not evidently differ except in color, t!
black suborbital spot being very faint or occasionally even obsolete, ai
the fins nearly plain. It is not likely that this form will be found st
ficiently different from the ordinary patruelis to be worthy of speci
notice.
10. Anguilla anguilla rostrata Le Sueur.
A large Kel taken in the San Marcos Spring
11. Micropterus salmoides Lacépéde,
1885.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Zo
12. Lepomis megalotis Rafinesque.
Coloration greener than usual in Northern specimens, but otherwise
very similar.
13. Hadropterus scierus serrula Jordan & Gilbert. 5
Abundant in the San Marcos; not different from Northern examples.
14. Etheostoma lepidum Baird & Girard.
Abundant.
15. Etheostoma lepidum Baird & Girard. (36516.)
16. Alvarius fonticola Jordan & Gilbert. (36523.)
Abundant in the San Marcos.
This species or variety is very close to the Northern Alvarius (Micro-
perca) punctulatus. The only tangible differences seem to lie in the
coloration and in the constant presence in A. fonticola of bwt one anal
spine. The head in A. fonticola is nearly or quite devoid of scales. In
life it is light olivaceous, the scales broadly margined behind with
dusky. About eight indistinct dusky cross-blotches on back, the dorsa]
region dusted with fine dusky specks. A series of dark stitch-like short
horizontal lines along the middle of the sides, forming an interrupted
lateral streak. Three small dark spots at base of tail. Soft parts of
vertical fins with light and dark bars. Lower half of spinous dorsal
jet-black, then a broad red band narrowly edged above with black. A
dusky streak below orbit and one in front of it.
J.—RIO COMAL, AT NEW BRAUNFELS, TEXAS.
At New Braunfels, Tex., the Rio Comal flows into the Guadalupe River.
The latter is a considerable stream, very swift, and with rough rocky
bottom, not suitable for seining at any point where we have seenit. In
summer most of the water of the Comal comes from a large spring near
New Braunfels, the outlet of which runs down a steep slope, turning a
mill and flowing into the half dry bed of the main branch of the stream.
Most of our fishing was done about the point of junction of the two
streams. Not many species were obtained, but certain Minnows were
extremely abundant.
1. Moxostoma congestum Baird & Girard.
2. Cliola vigilax Baird & Girard.
Very abundant.
3. Dionda episcopa Girard.
Small specimens, rather more slender than Girard’s types. Lat. 1. 40.
Caudal spot distinct.
4. Notropis deliciosus Girard.
Abundant. Compared with specimens from the Des Moines, these
show some differences. The form is more slender; the coloration is
darker; the dark points on the edges of the scales being conspicuous,
24 FISHES OF TEXAS.
These form a narrow, metallic lateral band, and also a dark area 01
upper edge of caudal eee
The original deliciosus being from Texas, is probably the elie, form
in which case the Northwestern form may be recognized, perhaps, as var
missuriensis.
This species appears in Jordan’s Catalogue Fish N. A., under the MSS
name of Notropis nocomis, but the characters distinguishing it from
deliciosus do not seem to warrant its separation. Notropis comalis
another MSS. species mentioned in the same paper, should also b
suppressed.
5. Notropis lutrensis Baird & Girard.
Only young ones taken.
6. Notropis swaini Jordan & Gilbert.
Very abundant. This species seems in Texas to take the place oc
cupied in clear streams farther north by . scabriceps.
7. Hybopsis estivalis Girard (marconis).
8. Dorosoma cepedianum Le Sueur.
9. Gambusia patruelis Baird & Girard.
10. Micropterus salmoides Lacépéde.
11. Lepomis pallidus Mitchill.
i2. Lepomis megalotis Rafinesque.
13. Hadropterus scierus serrula Jordan & Gilbert.
14. Etheostoma lepidum Baird & Girard.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
The following general conclusions in regard to the distribution of fresh
water fishes seem to follow from the data given in the present paper:
1) Our species of small fishes, especially the Htheostomatina, are
probably much less local in their distribution than has usually been as
sumed. Many of the species hitherto regarded as rare or local hav
been shown to have a very wide distribution in the West and South, anc
what is true of these species will very likely be found true of all thos
now known from only a few localities.
(2) As our knowledge of the geographical range of a species widen:
it becomes necessary to extend our ideas of the range of variation in
cluded by it, and we are compelled to admit under it geographical va
rieties or subspecies.
In other words, similar conditions obtain with the species of fishes
that obtain with our birds, and when we know our fishes as well as we
do our birds we shall have the same need of a trinomial nomenclature
in ichthyology that is already felt in ornithology.
In fishes, as in birds, we find all possible grades of differences, anc
in the one case as in the other our only ultimate test of specific distine
tion is our failure to find or to recognize the intermediate forms.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 25
(3) The fauna of the Ozark region is substantially identical with that
of the hilly regions of Tennessee. The environment and conditions of
life being similar, and water communication being free, we have a sim-
ilar fauna in regions widely separated.
(4) The fauna of any Texas river is much less rich than that of any
stream of similar size and character connected with the basin of the
Mississippi. In other words, free water communication is essential to a
varied fauna. The larger a river system the greater the number of
species in each of its affluents. The reason for this seems obvious.
(5) The fish fauna of Texas differs from that of the Lower Mississippi
Valley mainly by its deficiencies. Texas does not properly constitute a
distinct faunal region. The paucity of its fish fauna is in some degree
connected with its dry, hotsummers. Most of the streams are flooded
and often very muddy in spring, and are almost dry in summer; both
conditions unfavorable to the increase of many species. These condi-
tions do not affect the spring-fed streams of the limestone region.
(6) Some of the conditions favorable to the production in any stream
of a large number of species of fishes are the following :
Clear water, a moderate current, a bottom of gravel preferably cov-
ered by a growth of weeds; water not too cold and not stagnant; con-
nection with a large hydrographic basin ; little fluctuation in the year in
volume of the stream or in the character of the water.
These conditions are well realized in the Washita River and in cer-
tain affluents of the Ohio and the Tennessee, and in these, among Amer-
ican streams, the greatest number of species has-been recorded.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, September 18, 1885,
NOTES ON FISHES COLLECTED AT BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA,
WITH A REVISED LIST OF THE SPECIES KNOWN FROM THAT
LOCALITY.
By DAVID S. JORDAN.
Two catalogues of the fishes of Beaufort Harbor have been published.
The one (Notes on the Natural History of Fort Macon, N. C., and
Vicinity, No. 3, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 203-208), by Dr. Henry C.
Yarrow, represents the collections made by Dr. Coues and Dr. Yarrow
during their residence at Fort Macon, near Beaufort. The other (Notes
on Fishes of Beaufort Harbor, North Carolina, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
1878, 365-388), by Professor Gilbert and the writer, includes both the
species of the previous list and those actually collected by the authors
and the students (A. W. Brayton, B. W. Evermann, and others) who
accompanied them at Beaufort in the summer of 1878.
During the present summer (1885) a considerable collection has been
made at Beaufort by Mr. Oliver P. Jenkins, teacher of science in the
Indiana State Normal School of Terre Haute, in connection with the
Johns Hopkins Summer Laboratory, then in session at Beaufort.
26 FISHES OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA.
Several species not taken by previous collectors were obtained b.
Mr. Jenkins, and in preparing notes on these I have thought it bes
to recast the whole list, so as to include only those species concernin;
which no doubt exists as to their pertinence to the Beaufort faune
Some errors of identification exist, both in the list of Dr. Yarrow an
in that of Jordan & Gilbert, and in both some are included on in
sufficient or second-hand evidence.
[The numbers in parentheses in this list are those of Jordan & Gilbert’s list. Thos
marked (J.) were first obtained at Beaufort by Mr. Jenkins. ]
a
. Branchiostoma lanceolatum Pallas. (118.)
. Carcharhinus terrz-nove Richardson. (117.)
. Sphyrna tiburo Linnzus. (116.)
. Sphyrna zygena Linneus. (115.)
. Carcharias littoralis Mitchill. (114.)
. Pristis pectinatus Latham. (J.)
. Pteroplatea maclura Le Sueur. (111.)
. Dasybatis sayi Le Sueur. (110.)
. Myliobatis freminvillei Le Sueur. (109.)
. Stoasodon narinari Miiller & Henle. (108.)
. Manta birostris Walbaum. (107.) (J.)
Oo on oOo oO fF WwW ND
How
HF oO
=)
nN
. Lepidosteus osseus L. (J.)
H
oO
. Acipenser brevirostrum Le Sueur. (106.)
. Galeichthys felis L. (104.)
. 4lurichthys marinus Mitchill. (103.)
He
oa
. Stolephorus browni Gmelin. (102.)
SJ
. Opisthonema oglinum Le Sueur. (99.)
=
o
. Brevoortia tyrannus Latrobe. (97.)
©
. Blops saurus L. (95.)
. Synodus fetens L. (93.)
N N
irae
. Cyprinodon variegatus Lac. (89.)
. Fundulus majalis Walbaum. (91, 92.)
. Fundulus heteroclitus L. (90.)
. Gambusia patruelis B. & G. (J.)
NON NY N N
a PF WOW N
. Anguilla anguilla rostrata Le Sueur. (105,)
NO
oO
. Conger conger L. (J.)
. Hemirhamphus roberti C.& V. (87.)
NO N
o J
. Halocypselus evolans L. (86.)
nN
©
. Tylosurus marinus Gmelin. (83.)
oO
°o
. Tylosurus caribbzeus Le Sueur. (84.)
o
~
. Tylosurus hians C,& VY, (J.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. at
32. Menidia menidia L. (8l.)
33. Menidia laciniata Swain. (81.)
34. Querimana gyrans Jordan & Gilbert. (J.)
35. Mugil cephalus Ji. (30.)
36. Mugil curema C.& V. (79.)
37. Sphyreena borealis De Kay. (78.)
38. Echeneis naucrates L. (76.) (J.) “
39. Remora remora L. (77.)
40. Hlacate canada lL. (J.)
41. Trichiurus lepturus L. (35.)
42. Scomberomorus maculatus Mitchill. (38.)
43. Caranx chrysus Mitchill. (46.)
44. Caranx latus Agassiz. (J.)
45. Caranx bartholomei C.& V. (C. beani Jor.)
46. Caranx hippos L. (44, 45.)
47. Caranx crinitus Mitchill. (43.)
48. Vomer setipinnis Mitchill. (40.) (J.)
49. Selene vomer I (45; 42°)
50. Chloroscombrus chrysurus L. (J.)
51. Trachynotus carolinus L. (48.)
52. Trachynotus rhomboides Bloch. (47.)
53. Stromateus triacanthus Peck. (50.)
54. Nomeus gronovii Gmelin. (J.)
One very young example, taken in a tow-net.
55. Pomatomus saltatrix L. (75.)
56. Serranus atrarius L. (71.)
57. Serranus dispilurus Giinther. (J.)
(Centropristis subligarius Cope.)
A young specimen, taken in the eel-grass with the next species.
Identical with specimens from Pensacola. This species bears some re-
semblance to Serranus phoebe, but the latter, when of equal size, has the
eye much larger and the head more robust. There seems to be no
doubt of the identity of Centropristis subligarius Cope with C. dispilurus
Giinther, described three years earlier from Trinidad.
58. Mycteroperca microlepis Goode & Bean. (J.)
59. Epinephelus morio C. & V. (70.)
60. Orthopristis chrysopterus L. (69.) (68.)
61. Stenotomus chrysops L. (67.)
62. Diplodus holbrooki Bean. (66.)
63. Diplodus probatocephalus Walb, (65,)
28 FISHES OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA.
64. Diplodus rhomboides L. (64.)
65. Kyphosus sectatrix L. (63.)
66. Gerres gula C.& V. (62.)
67. Micropogon undulatus L. (61.)
68. Menticirrus alburnus L. (59, 60.)
69. Menticirrus littoralis Holbrook. (58.)
70. Scizena ocellata L. (57.)
71. Scizna chrysura Lacépéde. (56.)
72. Liostomus xanthurus Lacépéde. (54, 55.)
73. Pogonias chromis Lacépede. (53.)
74. Cynoscion regale Bloch. (52.)
75. Cynoscion maculatum Mitchill. (51.)
76. Chetodipterus faber L. (74.)
ads Pens onitis L. (31.)
78. Platyglossus bivittatus Bloch. (32.)
79. Platyglossus maculipinna Miiller & Troschel. (33.)
80. Gobiosoma bosci Lac. (J.)
81. Gobionellus enceomus Jordan & Gilbert. (J.)
Many specimens.
This species is a Gobionellus rather than a Gobius. It is exceeding]
close to G. stigmaticus Poey, and on comparison of specimens we eal
see no differences except that in enceomus the body is a little mor
slender, the markings on the head are obsolete, and the pale cross
bands seen in some specimens of G. stigmaticus are not found in G
encwomus.
82. Prionotus evolans L. (30.)
83. Prionotus tribulus C. & V. (29.)
84. Prionotus scitulus Jordan & Gilbert. (28.)
85. Cephalacanthus volitans L. (27.)
86. Upsilonphorus y-greecum C. & V. (26.7?) (J.)
87. Batrachus tau L. (25.)
88. Chasmodes bosquianus Lacépede. (24.)
89. Isesthes punctatus Wood. (23.)
90. Hypleurochilus geminatus Wood. (22.)
All the specimens taken by us at Beaufort, as well as one example
sent to me from Pensacola by Mr. Stearns, belong to the form describe
as H. geminatus by Jordan & Gilbert in the Synopsis Fish N. A. AT
(5) of Mr. Jenkins’s specimens agree with the type described as H. mul:
tifilis. The former have the orbital cirri “not large, shorter than eye
branched at tip.” The latter have the cirri “very high [not muck
shorter than head], each with four smaller ones at base.” In colo.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 29
both forms vary much with their surroundings. As I find no other
difference between multifilis and geminatus I have no doubt of their
specific identity. The latter is probably the female, the former the
male of the same species. Similar sexual differences exist in other
Blennies.
91. Zoarces anguillaris Peck. (21.)
92. Ophidion marginatum De Kay. (20.)
93. Phycis regius Walbaum. (19.)
94. Paralichthys albigutta Jordan & Gilbert. (15, 16.)
95. Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert. (15, 16.)
96. Paralichthys dentatus L. (15, 16.)
97. Ancylopsetta quadrocellata Gill. (17.)
98. Bothus maculatus Mitchill. (18.) (J.)
99. Citharichthys macrops Dresel. (J.)
One specimen in good condition. This is the second specimen known
of this well-marked species. It agrees very closely with the description
given by Mr. Dresel.
100. Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert. (J.)
Two large specimens. This is the northernmost locality at which this
widely-distributed species has been taken.
101. Etropus microstomus Gill. (J.)
(2? Citharichthys microstomus Gill. )
A single fine specimen, apparently the third individual of the species
known. It is less slender than the specimen described by Gill from
Beasley’s Point, and also less slender than the one described from Long
Island by Ensign Dresel, but in other respects the agreement is reason-
ably close.
Color brown, with very faint longitudinal streaks of darker brown
along the rows of scales. Body with roundish rather irregular ink-like
spots of black, some of them nearly as large as the eye; four of these
spots along the lateral line and two at base of caudal; spots above
lateral line forming two irregular rows, about 7 in each row, con-
current with the back. A row of round spots along dorsal, and one
along anal, besides finer punctulations. Whole left side of body, and
all fins, covered with fine dark dots. Right side plain whitish.
Body ovate. Head, 43 in length to base of caudal; depth, 1%; (24
in total), D. 76; A. 56. Lat. 1.43. Maxillary, 44 in-head. Eye, 3 in
head. Snout very short, much shorter than eye. Preopercle of blind
side without cirri. Pectoral, 14 in head,
Length of specimen about 34 inches.
30 FISHES OF BEAUFORT, NORTH CAROLINA.
102. Achirus achirus mollis Mitchill. (13.)
103. Aphoristia fasciata Holbrook. (12.)
104. Fistularia tabaccaria L. (11.)
105. Siphostoma floridee Jordan & Gilbert. (10.)
Abundant.
106. Siphostoma louisiane Giinther. (10.)
Less common.
107. Hippocampus punctulatus Guichenot. (9.) (J.)
One specimen. D. 18. Head without cirri; body everywhere wi
light blue dots.
108. Hippocampus hudsonius De Kay.
The specimen described by Jordan & Gilbert in the Synopsis Fis
N. A. came from Beaufort.
109. Monacanthus hispidus L. (3.)
110. Alutera schepfi Walbaum. (6, 7.)
111. Ostracion trigonum L. (5.)
112. Tetrodon turgidus Mitchill. (4.) (3.7%)
113. Chilomycterus schcepfi Walbaum. (2.)
(Chilomycterus geometricus Bloch & Schneider. )
114. Lophius piscatorius L. (1.)
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, September 25, 1885.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ol
._ LIST OF FISHES COLLECTED AT HAVANA, CUBA, IN DECEMBER,
1883, WITH NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS.
By DAVID 8S. JORDAN.
In the Proceedings of the U. 8. National Museum for 1884, pp. 105-
150, is given an account of the collections of fishes obtained by me
at Key West in December, 1883. After finishing the work there de-
scribed I spent ten days in Havana, devoting all my time to making
collections of fishes in the various markets of the city. ‘wo hundred
and five species were obtained. These are enumerated in the present
paper, with such notes as seem to me worthy of preservation.
In connection with each species I give the Spanish names as heard
by myself in the market, and in all cases where the specific name adopted
by me is different from that used in Professor Poey’s excellent “ Enu-
meratio Piscium Cubensium,” I have given Poey’s name in the syn-
onymy.
I have had especial opportunities to be sure of my identifications of
Poey’s species, as I spent almost every evening of this time at the
professor’s house, and my list of the day was commented on, and in all
disputed cases specimens were compared directly with the descriptions
and drawings of his MSS. Ictiologia Cubana.
In some eases I have not been able to agree with Professor Poey, who
has regarded the Cuban fauna as in some degree distinct from that of
the Antilles generally. This has been almost unavoidable on his part,
as the descriptions extant of fishes from other parts of the West Indies
are very unsatisfactory. There can be no doubt, however, that Cuba
forms, with the other islands of the West Indies, 4 continuous fauna,
the differences being, as a rule, only those due to differences in the
character of the bottoms and the shores.
In some cases I have regarded species of Poey as nominal, two or
more of thein, perhaps, referring, in my opinion, to one species. As to
this point I may here quote from a sketch of the work of Professor Feé-
lipe Poey, published by me in the Popular Science Monthly for 1884,
p. 549.
“Of late the types of the new species described by Professor Poey
have been, after being carefully studied by him and represented in
life-size drawings, mostly sent toother museums. * * * Duplicates
have been rarely retained in Havana, the cost of keeping up a perma-
nent collection being too great. As a result of this, Professor Poey’s
work has sometimes suffered from lack of means of comparing specimens
Se FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
taken at different times. There is no zoological laboratory in Cuba, e
cept the private study of Professor Poey, and here, for want of roo
and for other reasons, drawings have, to a great extent, taken the pla
of specimens.” * * * Poey’s writings “ give some evidence of tl
disadvantages arising from solitary work, without the aid of the ass
ciation and criticism of others, and without the broader knowledge |
the relations of groups which’ comes from the study of more than o1
fauna, On the other hand, Professor Poey has enjoyed the great a
vantage of an exhaustless supply of material, for there are few por
where fishes are brought in in such quantities or in such profusion |
variety as in the markets of Havana.”
Besides my many personal obligations to Professor Poey, I am als
indebted for many favors to Senor Leonel Plasencia, a naturalist-cc
lector in Havana, a former pupil of Poey, and a very skillful taxidermis
To two of the fish-dealers in the Pescaderia Grande, or wholesale marke
Senores José Rodriguez and Félipe Guadalupe, I am also indebted f¢
intelligent aid in the work of making collections.
A full series, including nearly all the species here mentioned, has bee
sent to the U.S. National Museum. The rest of the collection is in tl
museum of the Indiana University. Duplicates from the Key West an
Havana collections have also been presented to the British Museum.
Several of the more important genera of Cuban fishes, as Hpinephelu
Hemulon, Calamus, Lutjanus, Scarus, &c., have formed the subject «
special papers by myself aud my associates or students in these Pr
ceedings or in those of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphi
These groups are therefore but briefly noticed here.
SCYLLIDZ.
1. Ginglymostoma cirratum Gmelin.
GALEORHINIDZ.
2. Galeus canis Mitcmll. Boca Dulce.
3. Carcharhinus falciformis Bibron. Cazon.
4. Carcharhinus terre-nove Richardson.
(2? Squalus punctatus Mitchill, preoccupied. Carcharias (Scoliodon) lalandi Mii
ler & Henle. Scoliodon porosus Poey.)
Specimens from Havana are exactly identical with others from Ke
West, which belong unquestionably to C. terra-nove. Se. lalandi -
without doubt the same, the difference in the form of the caudal bein
doubtless, as Dr. Giinther has suggested, due to age. Carcharhinus lor
gurio of the Pacific coast is very closely allied to C. terre-nove, but he
a notably longer snout.
SPHYRNIDZ.
5. Sphyrna tiburo Linnzeus.
(Reniceps tiburo Poey.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 303
\
TRYGONIDZ.
6. Urolophus torpedinus Desmarest.
7. Dasyatis sayi Le Sueur.
ALBULIDA.
8. Albula vulpes L. Macabi.
(Albula conorhynchus Poey.)
ELOPIDZ.
9. Elops saurus L. Carajo Reale.
10. Megalops atlanticus Cuy. & Val. Sabato.
CLUPHIDZ.
11. Clupea pseudohispanica Poey. Sardina de Espana.
12. Clupea sardina Poey. Sardina de Ley.
I do not believe that this species is identical with any of those de-
scribed by Cuvier & Valenciennes. Among the species called Haren-
gula, this one, as Poey has stated, is well distinguished by the loose-
ness of its scales.
13. Clupea clupeola. Cuv. & Val. Sardina Escamuda.
This species seems to be the Harengula clupeola C. & V.and the
Clupea humeralis of Giinther. The poorly-described Alausa striata
C. & V. may be the same fish, and I do not see that it differs in any re-
spect from the descriptions of the European Clupea latulus. Harengula
pensacole Goode & Bean is a different species, having’ the body con-
siderably deeper. Very similar to the latter is the Harengula humeralis
of C. & V. and also Harengula jaguana of Poey. Possibly humeralis
jaguana and pensacole may prove identical. The Clupea macrophthalma
of Ranzani, as described by Giinther, is different from any of these and
the Clupea maculosa of Cuv. & Val. seems to be the same as the ma-
crophthalma.
14. Opisthonema oglinum Le Sueur. Machuelo.
(Opisthonemus thrissa Poey.)
ENGRAULIDID&ZA.
15. Cetengraulis edentulus Cuvier. Locon.
(Cetengraulis brevis Poey.)
There is no evident difference between C. brevis and C. edentulus.
Our Cuban specimens have been compared with an example of the lat-
ter from Rio Janeiro.
16. Stolephorus browni Gmelin. Bocon.
Excessively common.
17. Stolephorus perfasciatus Poey.
Proc, N. M, 86-——3 August 21, 1886.
j
34 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
SYNODONTIDZ.
18. Synodus spixianus Poey. Lagarto.
19. Synodus intermedius Agassiz.
20. Synodus myops Forster.
(Prachinocephalus brevirostris Poey ; probably based on an error in copying ¢
perhaps on a mutilated example.)
CYPRINODONTID&.
21. Gambusia punctata Poey. Guajacon.
Very abundant in the Rio Almendares.
MURAINIDZ.
22. Sidera ocellata Agassiz.
23. Sidera moringa Cuvier. Morena Pintita.
(Gymnothorax rostratus Agassiz, Poey. Gymnothorax picturatus Poey. ? Gy
nothorax versipunctatus Poey.)
This common species is extremely variable in coloration. In som
specimens the dark markings almost entirely obscure the ground colo
confining it to scattered reticulations, while in others the pale greenis
ground color predominates. There is also considerable variation in th
length of the head, more than enough to account for the differences n
ticed by Poey between his picturatus and rostratus. There is also Co!
siderable difference in the size of the eye, it varying from one-third 1
one-half the length of the snout in specimens of similar size.
24. Sidera vicina Castelnau.
One specimen, agreeing very closely with Dr. Giinther’s description
but not with any of Poey’s.
Color yellowish-brown, densely, closely, and irregularly marbled, an
reticulated with dark brown or leather color, the surface being abot
equally divided between this and the lighter ground color. Head, fin
and inside of mouth similarly marked. Anal with a conspicuous pal
edge. Angle of mouth with a brown spot. No dark spot around gil
opening.
Other characters essentially as described by Dr. Giinther. Head, 2
in trunk. Cleft of mouth 24 in head. Eye, 2 in snout.
Many of the species of this genus deseribed by Poey must be merel
nominal, based on color variations, but none of them seems to corre
spond to this.
CONGRIDZ.
25. Conger conger L. Congrio.
(Conger esculentus Poey.)
ANGUILLIDA.
26. Anguilla anguilla rostrata Le Sueur. Anguila.
(Murena cubana Poey.)
My specimens agree precisely with others from the United States.
1486.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 30
BELONIDA..*
27. Tylosurus hians Cuv. & Val.
( Belone maculata Poey.)
28. Tylosurus raphidoma Ranzani. <Agujon.
(Belone crassa and &. melanochira Poey.)
29. TyYosurus notatus Poey. <Agujon.
30. Tylosurus euryops Bean & Dresel.
(? Belone depressa, Poey.)
Several specimens.
SCOMBERESOCID.
31. Hemirhamphus pleei Cuv. & V al. Lseribano.
(Hemirhamphus filamentosus Poey.)
32. Hemirhamphus unifasciatus Ranzani. Lscribano.
(Hemirhamphus poeyi Poey.)
SYNGNATHIDZ.
33. Hippocampus punctulatus Guichenot. Caballito.
FISTULARIIDZ.
34. Fistularia tabaccaria L. Trompeta.
MUGILIDZ.+
35. Mugil liza Cuv. & Val. Lebrancho.
(Mugil lebranchus Poey.? Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz, not of later writers. )
36. Mugil gaimardianus Desmarest.
37. Mugil curema Cuy. & Val. Liza.
(Mugil brasiliensis Poey, not of Agassiz, which is probably M. liza.)
38. Mugil trichodon Poey.
39. Joturus pichardi Poey. Joturo.
(Joturus stipes Jordan & Gilbert.)
A large specimen from a river of the interior was obtained for me by
Senor Leonel Plasencia,
Head, 44 in length; depth, 33. D.IV-1,9; A. III, 9. Scales, 42—
15 or 14. Length about 20 inches.
Color dull olivaceous, without distinct markings, paler below.
I have compared this specimen carefully with the description of Jo.
turus stipes Jordan & Gilbert given in these Proceedings for 1882, p.
373. I find no difference at all which cannot be readily accounted
for by the greater size of the individual now before me. I have there-
*An account of the species of this group will be given elsewhere.
tSee Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, for an account of the species
of Mugil.
7
\
OO eee
36 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
fore no doubt that Joturus stipes is specifically identical with Joturus
pichardi. The teeth appear on cursory examination to be, as stated by
us, ‘‘coarse, bluntly conicai,” but a lens shows that, as Poey has stated.
they are broad truncate incisors, with their free edges serrate.
ATHERINIDZ.
40. Atherina stipes Miiller & Troschel. Cabezota. .
_ (Atherina laticeps Poey.)
Rather common. Our specimens agree entirely with others from Key
West, which are A. veliana Goode & Bean.
SPHYRANIDA.*
41. Sphyreena picuda Bloch & Schneider. Picuda.
42. Sphyreena guaguanche Cuv. & Val. Guaguanche Pelon.
43. Sphyreena picudilla Poey.
POLYNEMIDA.
44. Polynemus virginicus L. Barbudo.
( Trichidion plumieri Poey.)
SCOMBRIDZ.
45. Scomberomorus regalis Bloch Pintada.
Scomberomorus maculatus Mitchill, also called Pintada, is occasionally
sent over to the market from Key West.
46. Scomberomorus cavalla Cuvier. Sierra Serrucho.
(Cybium caballa Poey.)
47. Acanthocybium solandri Cuv. & Val. Peto.
(Acanthocybium petus Poey.)
CARANGIDZ.
48. Decapterus punctatus Agassiz.
49. Trachurops crumenophthalmus Bloch. Chicharro.
( Trachurops plumieri Poey.)
50. Caranx ruber Bloch. Cibi Mancho 6 Carbonero.
(Carangoides iridinus Poey.)
51. Caranx bartholomei Cuy. & Val. Cibi Amarillo.
(Carangoides cibi Poey.)
52. Caranx chrysos Mitchill. Cojinia.
53. Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard. Jurel.
(Caranx latus and C. lepturus Agassiz. Carangus fallax Cuv. & Val.)
54. Caranx hippos Linnus. Jiguagua.
55. Caranx lugubris Poey. Tinosa.
* For notes on the Sphyrenidee ‘of this collection see a paper by Meek & Newland,
in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 37
56. Caranx crinitus Mitchill. Pdmpano.
(Blepharis crinitus and Scyris analis Poey.)
57. Vomer setipinnis Mitchill. Jorobado.
In the Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 196, Messrs. Goode & Bean adopt
for this species the name of Vomer vomer, regarding it as the Zeus vomer
of Linnzeus, which has been hitherto considered as belonging to a species
with falcate dorsal (Selene vomer). We may, therefore, inquire into the
history of the name Zeus vomer.
In the tenth edition of the Systema Nature the name Zeus vomer is
first given, and itis based on the Rhomboida alepidota argentea, &e., of
Sloan, and the Zeus cauda bifurca of the Museum Adolphi Frederici.
In the twelfth edition of the Systema Nature the description of Zeus
vomer is somewhat lengthened, and the reference to Brown disappears.
It is evident that we should consider the fish described by Linnzeus
himself in his account of the museum of Adolphus Frederic as the type
of his species, rather than the fish of Brown, erroneously included in
the synonymy. It seems also that the later omission of the reference
to Brown shows that Linnzeus had become aware that Brown’s fish was
not identical with his Zeus vomer.
The Rhomboida alepidota, &c., of Brown is apparently Vomer setipin-
nis, while the Zeus cauda bifurca, the basis of Zeus vomer, is evidently
Selene vomer, as is shown by the very good figure and by the descrip-
tion which I here quote in full:
“Zeus cauda bifurca. Art. gen. 50, syn. 28.
“ Gallus marinus f. Faber indicus. -Will. app’t. 7.
*“ Abacatuaja. Margr. bras., 161.
‘“‘ Brasile Bristle Fin. Pet. gaz., 3, t. 59, f. 3.
“ Habitat in Brasilia.
“Corpus compressum and fere membranaceum ut in Pleuronecte.
Color argenteus absque squamis, nitidissimus. Humeri valde gibbi.
Linea lateralis valde sursum incurvata in medio.
“ Caput maxime declive, a summis humeris linea recta ad os. Mem-
brana branchiostega radiis 6. Maxilla inferior transversaad os. Pinna
dorsi anterior radiis 8, quorum 1 brevis, 2 longissimus, 3 and 4 connexi
praecedentibus ; 5, 6, 7, 8 brevissimi non connexi. Posterior radiis 22,
quorum 1 brevis spinosus, 2 longissimus mollis; 3, 4, 5 minores, reliqui
ad hue minores aequales. Pectorales radiis 18 mollibus, lanceolate.
Ventrales radiis 4, longiores pectoralibus, apice nigricantes. Ani radiis
19, quorum 1 spinosus brevis; 2, 3, 4 longiores, lanceolati. Reliqui
aequales. Caud radiis 20, valde bifurea. Spina in medio abdominis
prominet inter pinnas ventrales, pone anum, bidentata. Spina prima
in pinna ani antrorsum prominet basidente aucta.” (Linnzus. Museum
Adolph. Frederici, p. 67.)
Widely distributed and common as this fish is, it seems to have re-
ceived no binomial name prior to that given by Mitchill.
.
38 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
58. Chloroscombrus chrysurus Linnieus. Casabe.
59. Trachynotus rhomboides Bloch. JPalometa.
( Trachynotus ovatus Poey.)
As already stated by Meek & Goss, the Trachynotus carolinus of Poe
is the species for which these writers have adopted the name of Trach;
notus rhodopus Gill. The true 7. carolinus has not yet been found i
Cuba.
60. Oligoplites saurus, Bloch & Schneider. Zapatero.
(Oligoplites occidentalis Poey.)
CORYPHA:NIDZ.
61. Coryphena hippurus L. Dorado.
PEMPHERIDZ:.
62. Pempheris schomburglksi Muller & Troschel. Catalufa de lo Alto.
(Pempheris mulleri Poey.)
Four examples obtained. These agree well with Poey’s deseriptic
of Pempheris mullert and also fairly with Steindachner’s description «
Pempheris schomburghki, both of these accounts being from Cuban spec
mens. The original description of Pempheris schomburgki is very bri
and inadequate, but as it agrees tolerably well with the present specie
it seems necessary to regard it as identical with it. Pempheris poe
Bean appears to be unquestionably different.
In my Catalogue of the Fishes of the Pacific Coast of the United State
in the current volume of these Proceedings, I have inadvertently omitte
Pempheris mexicanus, described from Acapulco by Cuvier & Valencienne
An unnamed species of Microspathodon, obtained by Professor Gilbe
at Panama, should also have been included.
HOLOCENTRIDZ.
63. Holocentrum ascensione Osbeck. Carajuelo.
(Holocentrum matajuelo Poey.)
This species exhibits much variation in the depth of the body and i
the prolongation of the soft parts of the vertical fins. None of the m
merous species described by Poey seem to be identical with HZ. ascension
but I doubt if all are distinet from each other.
In life this fish is bright silvery red with pearly streaks above alon
the rows of scales; some specimens somewhat darker and tinged wit
olive above. Head quite red above. Fins light red, the spinous dors:
largely golden olive, its edge scarlet. An oblique white stripe acro:
the cheeks, disappearing in alcohol.
64. Myriopristis jacobus Cuv. & Val. Candil.
(Myriopristis lychnus Poey.)
My numerous specimens of this beautiful fish agree fairly well wit
the accounts of M. jacobus, and I feel warranted in regarding M. lychn
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. oe
as identical with M. jacobus. Rhinoberyx chryseus Cope, based on a
young Myriopristis, is probably not different from JL jacobus.
In life, deep crimson, paler below; a deep blood-red bar across opercle
and base of pectoral, becoming black in spirits. Vertical fins blood-
red, with whitish edge. Pectorals and ventrals pale red.
CENTROPOMID4.
65. Centropomus undecimalis Lac. Robdlo.
(Centropomus appendiculatus Poey.)
There seems to be no evidence that this species is not the original
undecimalis of Lacépede. According to Dr. Vaillant, the specimens ex-
amined by Cuvier & Valenciennes have the appendages to the air-blad-
der which are characteristic of this species.
66. Centropomus pedimacula Poey.
67. Centropomus ensiferus Poey.
(Centropomus affinis Steindachner. )
Allied to C. armatus Gill of the Pacific coast, but distinct from the
latter.
SERRANIDZ.*
68. Serranus pheebe Poey,
69. Serranus tabacarius Cuv. & Val. Jacome.
(Haliperca jacome Poey.)
Color in life brownish-red above, with areas of light yellow on sides of
back; yellow below eye; sides bright orange-yellow; belly and lower
parts of head red; lower fins light orange; caudal red, with two stripes
of deep red; dorsal red-shaded, a maroon blotch on each part extending
upward from a similar bloteh on back; iris yellow.
70. Serranus formosus L. Serrano.
(Diplectrum radians Poey.)
71. Hypoplectrus indigo Poey. Vaca.
(Hypoplectrus indigo and bovinus Poey.)
In life everywhere deep clear blue; body with about eight cross-bars
of sky-blue on a ground color of indigo. A broad deep-blue band be-
low the eye, with a paler area on each side of it; fius nearly plain, the
pectoral palest, tinged with yellowish. The H. bovinus of Poey is cer-
tainly the adult of this species.
72. Paranthias furcifer Cuv. & Val. Rubirubia de lo Alo.
(Brachyrhinus furcifer Poey ; the name Brachyrhinus is preoccupied.)
73. Mycteroperca falcata Poey. Abadejo.
74. Mycteroperca tigris Cuv. & Val. Bonaci Gato.
(Trisotropis camelopardalis Poey; red variety.)
75. Mycteroperca interstitialis Poey.
*See Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1834, for notes on Epinephelus and
allied genera.
4
f
.
40 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
76. Mycteroperca bonaci Poey. Aguaji Bonaci.
(Trisotropis bonaci, brunneus, and aguaji Pocy.)
Mycteroperca microlepis Goode & Bean (Aguaji) was also seen in som
numbers in the markets, but all the specimens had been shipped fron
Key West.
77. Mycteroperca venenosa Linneus. Bonaci de Piedra.
(Triso‘vopis petrosus Poey.)
78. Mycteroperca venenosa apua Bloch. Bonaci Cardenal.
( Trisolropis cardinalis Poey.)
In a review of the genus Hpinephelus (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 188:
389), Professor Swain and the writer have adopted the name apua for
species of Hpinephelus, HF. catus 0. & Y.
A careful recomparison of the accounts given by Bloch & Mar
grave have convinced me that the original Bodianus apua of Bloch
the red variety of Mycteroperca venenosa, as suggested by us on pag
391 of the paper cited. The name apua has therefore priority ove
Johnius guttatus Bloch & Schneider, as a varietal name for the Bona
Cardenal.
The Bodianus marginatus Bloch & Schneider, based on the Pira:
apia of Maregrave, is also the same fish, without doubt.
For the “ Cabrilla,” called by us Hpinephelus apua, we must eithe
adopt the name guttatus L., for the reasons given by Goode & Beat
or else we must take the name catus C. & V., which seems to be th
earliest tenable specific name ever given to the species. The nam
Lutjanus lunulatus of Bloch & Schneider is not available, because it :
preoccupied by the same authors higher up on the same page.
79. Promicrops itaiara Lichtenstein. Guasa.
( Promicrops gquasa Poey.)
80. Epinephelus morio Cuv. & Val. Cherna Americana; Cherna de Vivero.
Most of the individuals of this species come into the Cuban marke
from Key West; hence the common names heard in the markets.
81. Epinephelus mystacinus Poey. Cherno de lo Alio.
82. Hpinephelus striatus Bloch. Cherna Criolla.
83. Epinephelus ascensionis Osbeck. Cabra Mora.
(Zvinephelus punctatus Poey.)
84. Epinephelus catus Cuy. & Val. Cabrilla.
( Epinephelus lunulatus Poey.)
The reasons for discarding the specific names apua and lunulatus fo
this species have been giyen above.
85. Alphestes afer Bloch. Guaseta.
(Prospinus chloroplerus Poey.)
86. Enneacentrus guttatus Linneus. Lnjambro
( Petrometopon apiarius Poey.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Al
87. Enneacentrus guttatus coronatus Cuv. & Val. Enjambro.
(Petrometopon guttatus Poey.)
88. (a). Enneacentrus fulvus Linnieus. Guativere Amarilla.
(Enneacentrus punctulatus Poey.)
88 (b). Enneacentrus fulvus ruber Bloch & Schneider. Guativere Colorada.
88 (c). Enneacentrus fulvus punctatus L. Gudativere.
These three forms differ strikingly in color and color only. Of these
the yellow form is least common, perhaps inhabiting deepes’ water.
89. Dermatolepis inermis Cuv. & Val.
p
RHYPTICIDA.
90. Rhypticus saponaceus Bloch & Schneider. Jaboncillo.
PRIACANTHIDZ.
91. Priacanthus cataluta Poey. Catalufa.
(Priacanthus macrophthalmus C. & V.; not Anthias macrophthalmus Bloch.)
SPARIDZ.*
92. Lutjanus caxis Bloch & Schneider. Caji.
93. Lutjanus joct Bloch & Schneider. Joci.
94. Lutjauus griseus L. Caballerote. ‘
(Lutjanus caballerote Poey.)
95. Lutjanus cubera Poey. Cubera.
(? Genyoroge canina Steindachner. )
96. Lutjanus profundus Poey. Pargo de lo Alto.
97. Lutjanus buccanella Cuv. & Val. Sesi de lo Alto.
98. Lutjanus synagris L. Diajaiba.
99. Lutjanus mahogani Cuv. & Val. Ojanco.
(Lutjdnus Ojanco Poey.)
100. Lutjanus aya Bloch. Pargo Guachinango.
(Bodianus aya Bloch. Mesoprion vivanus C. & V. Mesoprion campechianus
Poey. Lutjanus blackfordi Goode & Bean. )
Among the known species of Lutjanus, the only one which could be
the Bodianus aya of Bloch is the present one, and except in the matter
of the form of the anal, a detail to which Bloch’s artist was not likely to
have given close attention, the figure of Bloch represents very fairly
the L. vivanus. The Lutjanus aya of C. & V., which is LZ. profundus
Poey, cannot be aya of Bloch, as the iris is conspicuously bright yel-
low in L. profundus, while in the aya it is said to be red.
*See Jordan & Swain, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, for notes on Hamulon and on
the species of Lutjanus and allied genera. Also in the same volume of the Proceed-
ings see a review of Calamus by Jordan & Gilbert.
42 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
101. Lutjanus analis C. & V. Pargo criollo.
102. Ocyurus chrysurus Bloch. Labirubia. .
103. Rhomboplites aurorubeis C. & V. Cagon.
(Rhomboplites elegans Poey.)
104. Tropidinius dentatus Guichenot. Arnillo.
(Tropidinius arnillo Poey.)
105. Aprion macropthalmus Miiller & Troschel. Voraz.
(Platyinius vorax Poey.)
106. Etelis oculatus Cuy. & Val. Cachucho.
107. Veriius sordidus Poey. scolar Chino.
A single specimen from deep water, procured for me by my friend
Senor Leonel Plasencia.
108 Orthopristis chrysopterus L.
(Orthopristis fulvomaculatus Poey. Orthopristis poeyi Seudder.)
109. Anisotremus virginicus L. Catalineta.
(Anisotremus virginicus and A. spleniatus Poey. )
110. Hemuion gibbosum Walbaum. Jallao.
(Hemulon album Poey.)
pe hail Ca See Ma ee te Aas! BOOT sea D al Nl A tat le EN sn
111. Hemulon acutum Poey. Ronco blanco.
(Hemulon acutum, albidum, and serratum Poey.)
112. Hemulon carbonarium Poey. Ronco Carbonero.
113. Hemuion melanurum L. Jeniguana.
(Hamulon dorsale Poey.)
114. Hemulon sciurus Shaw. Lonco Amarillo.
(Hemulon luteum and Haemulon multilineatum Poey ; the latter a color variety.)
115. Hzemulon plumieri Lacépede. Ronco Ronco.
(Hemulon arara Poey )
116. Hemulon flavolineatum Desmarest. Ronco Condenado.
NR A ee OA Lt al ARE tin
117. Hemulon teniatum Poey.
118. Hemulon aurolineatum Cuv. & Val. Jeniguano.
(Hamulon jentquano Poey.) ¢
119. Calamus bajonado Bloch & Schneider. Bajonado.
120. Calamus calamus Cuv. & Val.
(Calamus orbitarius Poey.)
121. Calamus proridens Jordan & Gilbert. Pez de Pluma.
(Calamus megacephalus Poey, in part, not of Swainson. )
122. Diplodus flavolineatus Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Rta AIT WF TE
Very close to the next species and about equally common. The speci- |
mens from Key West formerly referred by me to D. unimaculatus all
belong to D. flavolineatus.
|
.
|
;
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. A3
123. Diplodus unimaculatus Bloch. Salema.
(Sargus caribaus Poey.)
A more elongate fish than the preceding, the depth 24 in body, instead
of 2. Diplodus probatocephalus (Sargo Raiado) is occasionally brought
into the Havana market from Key West. It does not seem to occur
about the coast of Cuba.
APOGONIDZ.
124. Apogon pigmentarius Poey.
Several specimens. Bright carmine-red, profusely and irregularly
covered with small black dots like fly-specks.
MULLIDA.
125. Upeneus martinicus Guy. & Val. Salmonete Amarilla.
(Mulloides flavovittatus Poey.)
126. Upeneus maculatus Bloch. Salmonete Colorado.
SCIZANIDZ.
127. Eques punctatus Bloch. Vaqueta.
128. Larimus batabanus Poey.
The remarkable species, named by Poey, Johnius batabanus, seems to
me related rather to Larimus than to any other of the current groups
of Scienide. It is one more of those troublesome intermediate forms
which have come in to prevent a satisfactory subdivision of the Scienide.
IT give here a detailed description.
Head, 3+ in length (33 with caudal); depth, 34 (4); D. XI, 27; A. H,
7. Seales 7-50-9 or 10.
Body oblong, rather strongly compressed, the depth about equal from
the front of dorsal to opposite the anal, where it is abruptly contracted
to the rather short, compressed caudal a antnole: Anterior profile nearly
straight from above tip of snout to front of dorsal, the snout gently
decurved. >
Head rather small, compressed, not evidently cavernous or spongy.
Cheeks vertical ; een al width about equal to length of snout, a
trifle more than Ginmeice of eye, about 4 in head. Mouth rather large,
terminal, oblique, but much less so than in Larimus breviceps, the pre-
maxillary in front on the level of the lower part of pupil, the maxillary
extending to below middle of eye. Gape2+in length of head. Preorbital
narrow, not wider than pupil. Lower jaw slightly included. Teeth slen-
der, of moderate size, those of lower jaw mostly in a single series ;
those of upper jaw in a narrow band; those in the outer series some-
what enlarged and unequal ; some on each side of the symphysis longer
than the rest, but still small. Symphysis slightly raised. Chin with four
distinct pores, the outer pair largest.
Preopercle en*ire, the skin on its edge scarcely denticulate.
44 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
Gill-rakers slender, of moderate length, about 12 on lower half of an-
terior arch, the longest a little more than half diameter of pupil.
Scales ctenoid, irregular in size, those on lower part of sides an-
teriorly and on belly large; scales on breast large; scales above lateral
line considerably reduced in size, especially anteriorly. Scales on oper-
cle large; scales on cheeks small; on top of head very small.
Soft parts of dorsal, anal, and caudal nearly covered with rows of
small seales. |
Lateral line not strongly curved, becoming straight above anal.
Dorsal spines very slender, the longest about half length of head,
Soft rays of dorsal about one-third length of bead. Caudal rounded, —
a little nore than half length of head. Anal fin small, the second spine —
moderate, 24 in head. Last ray of anal a little before last ray of dorsal,
the abdomen being very long, its length from ventrals to anal one-fourth 3
more than length of head. Ventrals short, 13 in head; pectorals, 14.
Color dusky silvery, brighter below, grayish above, each scale with a_
narrow, Sharply-defined blackish longitudinal mark, these forming more ~
or less continuous streaks along the rows of scales, broadest on those—
parts of the body where the scales are largest. Those below lateral —
line, 7 or 8 in number, gently undulated ; those above lateral line very
irregular, eatending backward and upward with sharp angles. Some
dark spots bebind eye. Fins all dusky, the vertical fins with dark points. |
A single specimen, procured for me by Seftor Leonel Plasencia.
129. Odontoscion dentex Cuy. & Val. Corvina,.
130. Scizwnaronchus Cuv. & Val. Corvina.
re ee See ee ee ee
131. Micropogon fournieri Desmarest. Verrugato.
(Micropogon undulatus Poey, not of Linnzeus.)
Peete
GERRIDZ.* :
132. Gerres plumieri Cuy. & Val. Patao.
133. Gerres brasilianus Cuv. & Val. Patao. 4
f (Gerres brasilianus and G. patao Poey.) . i
134. Gerres olisthostoma Goode & Bean. Moharra. a
135. Gerres rhombeus Cuv. & Val. Moharra. ;
30th this species and the preceding are common in the Havana mar- —
kets. The distinctions between them were overlooked by Poey, as the
external resemblance of the two species is strong.
136. Gerrescinereus Walbaum. Moharra de Casia. 1
( Lucinostomus zebra Poey.) .
q
137. Gerres gula Cuv. & Val. Moharra de Ley. ;
(Eucinostomus gulula Poey.)
Sa le
* For an account of the species of Gerrida collected by me in Havana, see a paper —
by Evermann & Meek in the current volume of the Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila.
Se ee ee ee
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 45
138. Gerres gracilis Gill. Moharra de Ley.
_ This species, apparently corresponding to Poey’s No. 724, was not
clearly distinguished by him from 2. pseudogula, although perhaps more
common than the latfer.
139. Gerres dowi Gill.
Less common,
140. Gerres pseudogula Poey. Moharra de Ley.
(Gerres jonesi Giinther. )
Not rare.
141. Gerres lefroyi Goode.
(Lucinostomus productus Poey.)
LABRIDZ.*
) 142. Lachnolemus maximus Walbaum. Perro-perro.
143. Bodianusrufus L. Perro Colorado.
Considered by the fishermen as a hybrid between Lachnolemus and
Scarus. (‘ Engente del Perro y de la Vieja.”)
144. Clepticus genizara Cuvier. fRabirubia Genizara.
| 145. Platyglossus radiatus L. Doncella.
(Cherojulis cyanostigma Poey.)
This is the Julis crotaphus of Cuvier, Regne Animal, based on the
| Doncella of Parra. The Julis crotaphus of Cuv. & Val. seems to be
Platyglossus caudalis Poey.
146. Platyglossus dimidiatus Agassiz.
(Cherojulis internasalis Poey.)
147. Platyglossus garnoti Cuv. & Val.
(Julis cinctus and ruptus Poey.)
148. Platyglossus bivittatus Bloch.
(Cherojulis bivittatus, humeralis, and arangoi Poey.)
My Cuban specimens are all much paler than any obtained in Florida,
but are otherwise entirely similar. The changes in color due to age are
in this species very great. Young specimens from Florida correspond
to Cherojulis urangoi Poey.
149. Cryptotomus beryllinus Jordan & Swain.
150. Cryptotomus dentiens Poey.
Calliodon dentiens Poey. Memorias de Cuba, II, 1861, 422 (Havana). Synop-
sis, 1868, 344. Enumeratio, 1875, 115.
? Calliodon retractus Poey. Synopsis, 1868, 345 (Havana) Poey. Enumeratio,
1875, 116.
A single specimen of this species was obtained in Havana. It was
overlooked at the time of the publication of our Review of the Searoid
“For an account of the Cuban species of Scarus, Sparisoma, and Cryptotomus, see
Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884,
46 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
”
Fishes. I therefore give here the full synonymy and a description of
the species:
Head, 3 in length (34 with caudal); depth, 3 (33). Length of speci-—
men described, 8 inches.
Body less blpneate than in CO. beryllinus, more canoe the back
more elevated.
Jaws pale, the median suture in each more evident than in C. beryl-
linus ; upper jaw laterally, with a continuous cutting edge of coalesced —
teeth, as in CO. beryllinus ; this edge is even for most of its length, but |
has anteriorly one or two small denticles and posteriorly three or four.
In front are on each side two strong canines, directed forward and —
somewhat outward, and diverging. These are very much larger than —
the anterior teeth in C. beryllinus and quite different in form and diree-
tion. A strong posterior canine tooth directed outward and backward —
near the angle of the mouth. This canine is well developed on but one ©
side in the specimen examined. |
Lower jaw with its teeth larger, less regular, and less closely set than
in C. beryllinus; some of those in front and those toward the angle of
the mouth larger than the others; those in front in two irregularly
alternating series and directed strongly forward. These largest teeth
have each a central brown spot.
Jaws subequal. Upper lip double for its entire Jength. Lips and —
isthmus as in C. beryllinus.
Kye moderate, 6 in head, the head deeper and the profile considera-
bly steeper than in C. beryllinus. This is associated with the greater —
depth of the preorbital, the distance from the eye to the angle of the
mouth being 2% in the length of the head, while in C. beryllinus the
same distance is contained 32 times. Mouth lower than in C. beryllinus,
the maxillary reaching but half way to front of eye.
Structure and numbers of scales, fin-rays, &c., exactly as in C. beryl-
linus. Caudal truncate rather than rounded, the length of the outer
rays 12 in head.
Color in spirits olive-green, greener than in C. beryllinus, each scale
of back and sides with a brown central blotch; these blotches less con-
spicuous than in C. beryliinus. Head nearly plain brownish-olive.
Lower jaw plain brown, with indistinet darker oblique streaks. Vertical
fins greenish, blotched with brown, the membrane of the first and sec-
ond dorsal spines blackish. Pectorals pale, the upper rays somewhat
dusky.
According to Poey (dentiens) the colors in life are as follows: “ Body
bluish rather than greenish, white below ; dorsal and anal wine-color,
with dashes of deeper hue; candal wine-color, with bluish vertical bars;
pectoral greenish; ventrals pale.”
This is, I think, the species described by Poey under the name of
Calliodon dentiens, although Poey’s description of the teeth does not
fully agree with the example before me, As, however, in this specimen
nial eT
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 47
there is considerable difference in the dentition of the two sides of the
jaw, it is probable that the number, size, and direction of the canine
teeth is variable.
The description of Calliodon retractus, Poey is very scanty and con-
tains nothing whatever which is tangible. It probably refers to the
same species.
The Calliodon auropunctatus of Cuy. & Val. seems to be a different
species, more nearly allied to C. beryllinus, from which it would appear
to be distinguished by the presence of a posterior canine.
The specimen from San Domingo mentioned by Cuvier & Valenci-
ennes as destitute of canines, probably belongs to C. beryllinus, or per-
haps to C. roseus, Cope.
151. Sparisoma xystrodon Jordan & Swain.
152. Sparisoma abildgaardi Bloch. Vieja.
(Scarus abildgaardi and S. oxybrachius Poey.)
153. Sparisoma aurofrenatum Cuy. & Val.
(Scarus miniofrenatus Poey.)
154. Sparisoma lorito Jordan & Swain.
155. Sparisoma chrysopterum Bloch & Schneider.
(Scarus lateralis Poey.) ;
156. Sparisoma frondosum Cuvy. & Val.
(Scarus brachialis Poey.)
157. Sparisoma flavescens Bloch & Schneider. Vieja.
(Scarus squalidus Poey.)
158. Scarus teeniopterus Desmarest.
(Searus punctulatus C. & V. Pseudoscarus diadema Poey.)
The descriptions of Desmarest’s type of Scarus taniopterus, as given
by Valenciennes, and by Guichenot, agree fairly with Scarus punctu-
latus except in regard to the markings of the head and in the colora-
tion of the fins.
The markings on the head grow faint in specimens long preserved in
alcohol, and they are perhaps less distinct in adult examples than in
the young. The changes due to the alcohol may also account for the
markings on the fins being brown in taniopterus, while in punctulatus
they are bright green, even in alcoholic specimens.
It is probably safe to adopt the name teniopterus in place of the less
characteristic punctulatus, under which name it is described by Jordan
& Swain. Scarus diadema C. & V. may be the same species, but this
is less certain.
159. Scarus virginalis Jordan & Swain. Loro.
(Pseudoscarus psittacus Poey ; not of Linneus nor of Forskal.)
160. Scarus croicensis Bloch. DPullon.
(Pseudoscarus sancte crucis and Ps, lineolatus Poey.)
48 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
161. Scarus cceruleus Bloch. Loro.
(Pseudoscarus ceruleus, obtusus, and nuchalis Poey.)
162. Scarus guacamaia Cuvier. Guacamaia.
CICHLIDZ.
163. Astronotus tetracanthus Cuv. & Val. Viajaca.
(Acara fuscomaculata Poey.)
If Steindachner is correct in uniting the groops called Heros, Acara,
Uaru, Hygrogonus, &e., in one genus, the earliest name for the group
is Astronotus Swainson (= Hygrogonus Gthr.). If the groups be sepa- —
rated, the name Cichlasoma should be retained for the present species
and its Brazilian allies.
EPHIPPIDA.
164. Cheetodipterus faber Broussonet.
CHAITODONTIDZA.
165. Chzetodon capistratus rs Parche. Isabelita.
166. Cheetodon ocellatus Bloch. Parche o Isabelita de lo Alto.
(Sarothrodus bimaculatus Poey. )
167. Holacanthus tricolor Bloch. Vaqueta de dos Colores.
168. Pomacanthus aureus Bloch. Chirivita.
ACANTHURIDZ.
169. Acanthurus ccruleus Block. Barbero.
(Acanthurus coeruleus, Acanthurus brevis, and Acronurus ceruleatus Poey.)
170. Acanthurus tractus Poey.
(Acronurus nigriculus Poey.)
171. Acanthurus hepatus L. Barbero.
(Acanthurus chirurgus, Acanthurus phlebotomus, and Acronurus carneus Poey. )
A young specimen referable to Acronurus carneus I regard as with-
out doubt a larval form of Acanthurus hepatus. For the synonymy of
these species and notes on the material collected by me, see a paper by
Meek & Hoffman, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884. The change of the
‘name of this genus from Acanthurus to Teuthis, as made by Gill and by
Meek seems unnecessary. The name Teuthis was based by Linnzeus on
T. hepatus and T. javus. Its first restriction was to the ijatter species,
a representative of the Teuthis of Giinther, the Siganus of Forskal.
MALACANTHIDA.
172. Malacanthus plumieri Bloch. Carajuelo Blanco.
GOBIIDZ.
173. Gobiomorus dormitator Lacépede. Guavina.
174, Guavina guavina Cuv,& Val. Guavina.
q
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49
175. Bleotris pisonis Gmelin. Guavina.
(Eleotris gyrinus Poey. Culius perniger Cope.)
These three species are common in the Rio Almendares near Havana,
from which locality many specimens were obtained. My material has
been discussed in a paper on the Hleotridinw by Eigenman and Fordice
in the Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1584.
176. Hrotelis smaragdus Cuy. & Val.
(Lrotelis valenciennesi Poey.)
A marine species.
177. Gobius oceanicus Pallas. Lsmeralda
(Gobionellus lanceolatus and Gobionellus bacalaus ( g) Poey.)
178. Gobius smaragdus Cuy. & Val.
Less common. <A specimen identical with these from Cuba was ob-
tained at Saint Augustine, Fla., by Prof. O. P. Hay. This is the first
record of the species from the coast of the United States.
179. Gobius stigmaticus Poey.
Common. ,
Gobius encwomus Jordan & Gilbert is very close to this species, the
only tangible differences being in the color.
180. Chonephorus* taiasica Lichtenstein.
(Rhinogobius bucculentus and Rh, contractus Poey. Gobius banana and mar-
tinicus C. & V.)
Common in the Rio Almendares.
Iam unable to see any specific difference between my Cuban speci-
mens and others from Lower California and the West Indies. Sexual
variations in the size of the mouth and head seem to account for the
supposed distinctions between Gobius banana, Gobius martinicus, Gobius
dolichocephalus Cope, Rhinogobius bucculentus, and Rhinogobius contrac-.
tus. The name Arraous has been adopted for this subgenus by Gill
and defined by Bleeker, but ‘les Arraous” of Cuvier & Valenciennes
is evidently a gallicised vernacular name, never intended as a scientific
hame of a genus.
181. Gobius soporator Cuv. & Val.
(Gobius mapo Poey.)
182. Lophogobius cyprinoides Pallas.
Common.
183. Microgobius signatus Poey.
Large numbers obtained with Gobius oceanicus from a fisherman who
had taken them in a seine.
Dark gray in life, a vertical stripe at the shoulder light-blue, edged
with dark. Sky blue and orange markings under the eye. Fins pale,
dusky.
*The genera Chonephorus and Lophogobius are of doubtful value, but pending in-
vestigation we may admit them.
Proc. N. M. 86-———4 August 23, E886.
50 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
To this genus Microgobius should be referred Gobius emblematicus Jor-
dan & Gilbert, from Panama, and Gobius thalassinus J. & G., from |
Charleston.
SCORPAINIDZ..
184. Scorpeena grandicornis Cuy. & Val.
185. Scorpzna plumieri Bloch & Schneider. Rascacio.
(Scorpena rascacio Poey.)
TRIGLIDA.
186. Cephalacanthus volitans L. Murcielago.
187. Prionotus rubio Jordan, nom. sp. nov. Iubio Volador.
(Prionotus punctatus Cuv. & Val. (in part?). Prionolus punctatus Poey and
late authors; not Trigla punctata Bloch, which is probably P. scitulus®
Jordan & Gilbert.)
A description of this species is given in Jordan & Gilbert’s Synopsis
Fish N. A., p. 956.
In life, dark olive, with rivulations of light green; sides shaded with
pale salmon color. Edge of pectoral light blue; ventrals reddish. Up-
per fins marked with different shades of brown.
The Trigla carolina of Bloch (not L.), seems to me to be evidently
our Prionotus scitulus. The Trigla punctata of Bloch, if we except the
bright red coloration, which belongs to no known species of Prionotus,
is, as has been suggested by Cuvier & Valenciennes, most probably
intended for the same species as his other figure. If Prionotus scitulus —
occurs in the West Indies, the name Trigla punctata could be assigned
to it without much hesitation. In any case, 1 do not believe that this
name was given to the Rubio Volador of the Cuban waters, and for
this species I suggest the name of Prionotus rubio.
BATRACHID Z.
188. Batrachus tau L. Mapo.
a Se ee ON Nal aT Ne st alte aE Oi ails in FI ae. ait ate
BLENNIIDZ.
189. Scartella microstoma Poey. (Genus nova.)
Head, 4 in length (5 with caudal) ; depth, 3% (4%). D. XI, 14. A. 15
or 16. Length of specimen about 34 inches.
Body rather stout, compressed posteriorly. Head short, the anterior
profile straight and very steep, almost vertical from tip of snout to
above eye, where a sharp angle is formed with the straight line of the —
back. Eye large, longer than snout, 3} in bead. Mouth moderate, the
maxillary reaching to below front of pupil, its length 3+in head. Teeth
as usual in Isesthes. No posterior canines in either jaw. A small tufted
or multifid cirrus over each eye, its length less than diameter of pupil.
A row of about 3 short, slender cirri along each side of nape. Gill mem-
branes broadly united, free from the isthmus. Lateral line extending
Senet ve ie
VAL RESIDE t
petit Ge adh TESS
dis
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Bt
about to end of pectoral, each pore with a short, simple branch above
and below, directed outward and backward. Some conspicuous pores
radiating from eye.
Dorsal fin low, subcontinuous, the spines rather slender, lower than
the soft rays, the middle spines not much bigher than the last. Long-
est rays of dorsal about half as long as head. Caudal free from dorsal
and anal, a little shorter than head. Anal low. Pectorals slightly
longer than head. Ventrals 14 in head. The fins are somewhat shriv-
elled, so that the count of the rays is made with difficulty and may not
be perfectly exact.
Color very dark olive-brown, paler below. Head and anterior half
of body plain; posterior half sprinkled with sharply-defined dots of a
vivid sky-blue color, becoming white in alcohol. About six obscure
round darker blotches in a longitudinal series along sides posteriorly.
Fins dusky olive, mottled with darker, the caudal obscurely barred,
the anal with a pale edge. Spinous dorsal, nearly black.
A single specimen given me by a fisherman.
If the genera Isesthes and Hypleurochilus are to be retained as distinet
from Blennius, this species will form the type of a fourth group, Scar-
tella (oxadrns, a leaper), having the free gill membranes of Blennius
and the even teeth of Jsesthes.
BROTULIDZ.
190. Brotula barbata Bloch. Brétula.
PLEURONECTIDS. ®
191. Platophrys lunatus L. Lenguado.
Color dark olive, with many rings, partial rings, curved spots, and
small round spots of sky-blue, edged with darker on body, these largest
near middle of sides, where some of them are as large as the eve. Three
obscure blackish blotches on straight part of lateral line. Head and
vertical fins with sharply-defined blue spots, which are mostly round.
Spots on opercle and interopercle larger and curved. Pectorals with
dusky cross-bars.
Profile in advance of eyes not prominent, slightly concave, forming a
conspicuous re-entrant angle with the projecting snout. No spines on
preorbital in either sex. Snout with a blunt projection in the male.
Pectoral filamentous in the male, shorter in the female, the interorbital
space rather varrower in the latter. Teeth small, in one irregular series
in each jaw.
Dorsal rays about 93; A. 70. About 90 tubes in lateral line. Head,
34in length; depth, 2. Maxillary, 3in head. Arch of lateral line about
half length of head, its chord three times its height.
192. Platophrys ellipticus Poey.
A second species of Platophrys probably corresponds to Poey’s ellipti-
cus, although its coloration differs somewhat from Poey’s description,
Lol
52 FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
Color reddish-gray, much paler than in Platophrys lunatus, the body
everywhere covered with rings formed of round sky-blue spots, which
are not confluent and not edged with black. These are smaller than in
P. lunatus and less sharply defined. There are besides these very few
detached blue spots or other blue markings. Head with similar blue —
spots, but no rings. Area inclosed in the blue rings, not different from —
the ground color. Caudal with blue spots. Other vertical fins with none,
the dorsal and anal mottled and with faint round dark blotches placed
at intervals. A large diffused dusky blotch at beginning of straight part
of lateral line. Another better defined on middle of lateral line, a very
faint one toward base of caudal peduncle. Pectoral grayish, with dark
cross-bars. , ;
General form elliptical ovate, more regular .nan in P. lwnatus, as theg
profile in front of the interorbital area is regularly convex, scarcely
forming an angle at the base of the very short snout. Mouth small,
oblique, the maxillary 32 in head. Teeth in a narrow band above, in
two series below. Snout very short, 4 in head. Interorbital area 3? in
head. Eye 4.
Arch of lateral line short and high, its length 14 times its height and
22 in head.
Numerous irregular sharp tubercles on orbital rim in front of each
eye and on snout (characters of males).
Filamentous rays of pectorals reaching very nearly to last rays of
dorsal.
Gill-rakers, as in P. lunatus, few, short, and small.
D. about 90; A. 70. Lat. 1. about 88.. Head, 4; depth, 15. Length
of specimen about 10 inches.
Platophrys nebularis Jordan & Gilbert, from Key West, is allied to this
species, but deeper in body and differently colored. It may prove to be
the young of P. maculiferus Poey, but if so it must undergo a consider-
able change in color, and there is also some notable difference in the
radial formula. In P. nebularis the depth is usually about 1% to 13 in
the length; the outline of the snout is much as in P. ellipticus, and the —
curve of the lateral line is twice as long as high. |
ee ee,
193. Citharichthys zethalion Jordan, sp. nov.
(Subgenus Hemirhombus Bleeker. ) |
Head, 33 in length (44 with caudal); depth, 24 (23). D.92; A. 64.
Scales, 18-65-18. Length of specimens, 6 to 7 inches.
Color in life dark brown, darker than in Citharichthys spilopterus,
with many rings and spots of light gray and blackish, some of the black
rings with a black central spot. A diffuse dusky blotch on lateral line
above pectoral, and one near base of caudal pedunele. Fins with nu-
merous small inky spots and dark mottlings. Blind side pale. Colora-
tion less variegated than in Platophrys nebularis, but similar in style.
Form regularly elliptical, less compressed than in Piatophrys, the
protile evenly convex to the end of the snout.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5S
=
Eyes. large, separated by a narrow, sharp ridge, which, in specimen
examined, is not so wide as the pupil. Anteriorly the interorbital ridge
is widened, and has a second smaller ridge above the first. Eyes even
in front, their diameter 4 in head.
Mouth small, the maxillary reaching to below middle of eye, its length
3in head. Teeth small, slender, in two rows above, in one row below,
the outer seriés in upper jaw somewhat enlarged, but hardly canine-like.
Snout, 42 in head. Gill-rakers very short, hardly twice as long as broad,
not one-fifth length of eye.
Lateral line nearly straight. Seales along lateral line with many ac-
eessory scales,’ those on other parts of body with very few or none.
Fins scaly; snout naked; fins rather low. Pectoral, two-thirds length
,of head, its upper rays slightly filamentous.
This specimen is perhaps a female. If so, the male may have the
pectoral longer and the interorbital area broader, or even concave, but
this is to be doubted, as in this specimen the upper ridge becomes fully
confluent with the lower above the middle of the eye.
Vertebree, 9 + 24.
This species, of which I obtained three specimens in the markets of
Havana, has been left unnoticed by Poey, who did not distinguish be-
tween it and his Hemirhombus fuseus, which is Citharichthys spilopterus.
_ It is closely related to Hemirhombus ovalis Giinther, from the Pacific
coast of Mexico and Panama. .
194. Citharichthys spilopterus Giinther. Lenguado.
(Hemirhombus fuscus Poey.)
Very common. Not distinguishable from Pawific coast specimens. I
have no doubt that this is Poey’s fuscus, but the description of the teeth
and the count of the scales of the lateral line do not agree with my
specimens. I find no inner row of teeth in the upper jaw and the scales
are from 45 to 50.
SOLEIDZ.
195. Aphoristia plagiusa Linnieus. <Acédia.
(Aphoristia ornata Poey.)
Common. As has been already elsewhere stated in these Proceed-
ings, there is some reason for thinking this species the original Plewro-
nectes plagiusa of Linneus. The original type of Linnzeus, as stated by
Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 196, may not have come
from the Carolina coast. It is a slenderer fish than the one found on
our coast (A. fasciata Holbrook), with larger scales, about 77 in a longi-
tudinal series. A specimen before me, from Cuba, has 77 scales in the
lateral line, and the depth 4in length. I venture, therefore, to identify
with this Cuban fish the plagiusa.of Linnezus.
Omitting the aberrant A. nebulosa Goode & Bean from the Gulf
Stream, a species with keeled scales, and probably the type of a dis-
5+ FISHES OF HAVANA, CUBA.
tinct genus, the four American species of Aphoristia are very closely
related, perhaps to be considered geographical varieties of a single one.
Some of their salient characters are given in the following analysis :
a. Vertical fins jet black posteriorly, this color forming a strong contrast to the color
in front.
b. Body most elongate the depth 44 in length (to base of caudal); scales small; lat.
1:98: Panama)... 2 4i5cn. 20 casee meee tome eee tenes elongata Giinther.
bb. Body less elongate; depth about 4 in length scales larger; lat. 1.77. West
TNGIOS csticsoiec. Sone cose ois Mem emateiae ee Se enyeee Rie ae tee neem emer plagiusa L.
bbb. Body still less elongate ; depth 3}in length ; narrow longitudinal streaks along
edges of rows of scales; scales small; lat.1. 105. Lower California.
atricauda Jordan & Gilbert.
aa. Vertical fins not black posteriorly; body least elongate, the depth 3} in length;
dark cross-bands more distinct than in other species; scales small; lat. 1.
about 90. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.
fasciata Holbrook.
The description of Aphoristia ornata given by Dr. Giinther fits A.
fasciata better than A. plagiusa. The scanty description of Achirus or-
natus given by Lacépéde may refer to either.
MALTHIDZ.
196. Malthe vespertilio L. Diablo.
Two large specimens with the rostral projection very long.
te
OSTRACIIDZ.
197. Ostracion bicaudale L. Chapin.
198. Ostracion trigonum L. Chapin.
199. Ostracion tricorne L. Toro.
(Acanthostracion quadricorne Poey.)
BALISTIDZ.
200. Balistes vetula L. Cochino.
201. Balistes macrops Poey. Sobaco.
Apparently a valid species. Balistes -teniopterus and B. nebulosus
Poey seem to correspond respectively to the adult and young of B. caro.
linensis.
TETRODONTIDZ.
202. Spheroides testudineus L. Tambor.
( Tetrodon punctatus Poey.)
203. Spheroides spengleri Bloch. *
( Tetrodon turgidus Poey; not of Mitehill. Tetrodon nephelus Goode & Bean.)
The Tetrodon nephelus of authors is one of the forms of Spheroides
spengleri, a species which is excessively variable in respect to the dermal
appendages, spines and cirri,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Bo
DIODONTIDZ.
204. Diodon hystrix L. JLrizo.
‘(Diodon holacanthus L. Diodon liturosus Shaw. Diodon maculatus and D.
spinosissimus Giinther. )
The specimens here referred to are considered by Poey the young of
Diodon hystrix, which they probably are.
Of the species above enumerated the following do not seem to have
been noticed or properly distinguished by Professor Poey. They are
therefore additions to the list of Cuban fishes :
Gerres dowit Gill.
Gerres gracilis Gill.
Gerres olisthostoma Goode & Bean.
Cryptotomus beryllinus Jordan & Swain.
Sparisoma xystrodon Jordan & Swain.
Sparisoma lorito Jordan & Swain.
Nitharichthys ethalion Jordan.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, November 5, 1885.
A REVIEW OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES OF JULIDINZA FOUND
IN AMERICAN WATERS.
By DAVID 8S. JORDAN and ELIZABETH G. HUGHES.
In the present paper we have attempted to collect the synonymy of
the American species of Labride belonging to Platyglossus and related
genera, and to give analytical keys by which these species may be dis-
tinguished. The specimens examined belong to the U.S. National
Museum and to the museum of the Indiana University.
The subfamily or group of Julidinew, as here understood, may be
characterized as follows:
Labride with the body oblong, more or less compressed, covered wi‘éa
seales which are large (Platyglossus, Thalassoma, &c.) or small (Julis,
Coris, Hologymnosus, &c.), the lateral line continuous, but abruptly bent
downward under the last rays of the dorsal. Head naked or nearly
so. Preopercle entire. Teeth large, each jaw with 2 to 4 strong canines
in front (usually 2 above, £ below), and sometimes an antrorse pos-
terior canine. Dorsal spines slender, stiff or flexible, S or 9 in num-
ber; the outline of the dorsal fin continuous. Anal spines 3, gradu-
ated, weak. Gill membranes slightly joined to the narrow isthmus.
Gill-rakers weak. Lower pharyngeals T-shaped or Y-shaped, with
rounded teeth; those on the cross-piece larger. Bright-colored fishes
of the tropical seas. :
The American species of this group are certainly very closely related,
and might without violence be ail placed in a single genus (Thalassoma),
as the characters separating the current genera are to some extent ar-
tificial and of slight importance, and not altogether constant in individ-
uals. In such large groups, however, subdivision becomes very con-
venient, and on the whole it is perhaps best to continue to regard the
American species as belonging to four genera, for which the names
Platyglossus, Oxyjulis, Pseudojulis, and Thalassoma should be used.
These may be thus defined :
ANALYSIS OF GENERA.
a. Seales large, 25 to 30 in the course of the lateral line; no scales on head; canine
teeth 2 or 2, none of them directed strongly outwards or backwards;
seales on the breast not larger than the others; snout of moderate length;
dorsal rays about VIII or IX, 11 or 12; anal, II, 12.
b. Dorsal spines normally 9 (rarely 8).
Ge Posterior canine tooth presents ssseese ee eee ee ee PLATYGLOossus, 1.
ce. Posterior canine tooth wanting (or reduced to a rudiment).
d: Dorsal’spines fexible\: shod yeloneate Sees se. -- ase OXYJULIS, 2.
dd: Dorsalispines pungent; body oblong: 2225.2 22-- 2.2.2 e- PSEUDOJULIS, 3.
bb. Dorsal spines 8; no posterior canine tooth; dorsal spines pungent.
THALASSOMA, 4,
56
1886.] PRICEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 57
Genus 1. PLATYGLOSSUS.
> PiatiGLossus Klein, Pisces. Missus, IV, 40, 1744 (marginatus, &c.).
= Haricner:s Riippell, Nene Wirbelthiere, Fische, 16, 1835 (bimaculatus, &c.), (name
preoccupied, as Halichwrus for a genus of seals).
= Haicuares Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1861, VIII, 386.
> Haricueres Bleeker, Proc. Zool. Soc., Lond., 1861, 411 (sense restricted).
? PLaTyGLossus* Bleeker, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, 411 (marginatus).
— PLATYGLOSSUS Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 1862, 143, and of most subsequent
authors.
? MACROPHARYNGODOMNt Bleeker, 1. c., 412 (geoffroyi).
? GUNTHERIA f{ Bleeker, 1. ¢., 413 (cwruleovitiatus).
? HemirautoGas Bleeker, 1. c., 413 (centiquadrus).
> Cu@roJuLis Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 142 (substitute for Halichwres).
The genus Platyglossus, as left by Giinther, does not appear to require
any further subdivision. The American species are certainly all very
closely related and belong to the same group, apparently that called
Halicheres by Riippell and Bleeker, and Cherojulis by Gill. We have
not examined any specimens of the groups called Platyglossus, Macro-
pharyngodon, Giintheria, and Hemitautoga ; but as Giinther lays no
stress on the distinctions pointed out by Dr. Bleeker, they are probably
of insignificant value. If these subordinate groups are regarded as
genera the American species are all referable to Cherojulis, distin-
guished from Giintheria and Hemitautoga by the naked head, from Platy-
glossus by the absence of a scaly sheath at base of dorsal and anal, and
from Macropharyngodon perhaps by the form of the pharyngeals. With-
out further information as to the East Indian species we cannot admit
these nominal genera.
The generic names, Chlorichthys and Ichthycallus of Swainson, based
in part on species of Platyglossus, but distinguished by imaginary char-
acters, and including species of earlier genera, have been very properly
set aside by Dr. Gillas synonyms of Coris and Julis.
* Platyglossus is defined as follows by Bleeker: ‘‘ Squamz corpore 27 ad 30 in linea
laterali. Pinnie dorsalis et analis basi squamatie. Mavxilla superior dente angulari.
Corpus oblongum. Dentes maxillis uniseriati.”
Platyglossus Klein (sp. typ., Julis [ Halicheres | annularis K. v. H.).
tMacropharyngodon is thus defined by Dr. Bleeker: ‘‘ Os pharyngeale inferius corpore
margine posteriore valde convexo, corpore ipso dentibus 3 tantum, et horum medio
molari maximo. Squame 2x in linea laterali. Pinnz dorsalis et analis basi alepi-
dots. Maxille superior dente angulari. Dentes canini in maxilla superiore 4, max-
illa inferiore 2. Dentes intermaxillares cristales, ad maxillam adnati vix conspicui,
Corpus oblongum.”
Macropharyngodon Bikr. (sp. typ. Julis geoffroyt Q.).
t Giintheria is thus defined by Bleeker: ‘‘ Squame capitis in opereulo superne tan-
tum.”
Giintheria Blkr. (sp. typ. Halichares ceruleovittatus Iiipp.).
§ Hemitautogais defined by Bleeker as follows: ‘‘Squamie capitis in regione posto-
culari et operenlo superne tantum.”
Hemitautoga Bikr. (sp. typ. Labrus centiquadrus Comim., Lac.),
58 REVIEW OF AMERICAN JULIDINA.
Of the brilliant life-coloration in the species of this genus, specimens
preserved in alcohol unfortunately retain few traces. The features of
coloration noted in the following key are for the most part persistent.
ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES OF PLATYGLOSSUS.
a. Caudal fin very slightly concave, the middle rays shortest ; body robust, the depth
about 22 in the length; ventral fins with the outer ray produced,
more than twice as long as inner ray; scales before dorsal not
crossing the median line, and arranged in about 5 series; color
bluish or bronze, with many sky-blue spots, most distinct posteri-
orly ; sky-blue spots and streaks on head; a stripe passing from
snout to nape through upper part of eye; fins with blue stripes; a
dark axillary spot; end of pectoral dusky. ---..---.-- Raviatus, 1.
aa. Caudal fin rounded or subtruncate; the outer rays not produced, shorter than the
middle rays.
b. Seales before dorsal reduced in size, extending across the median line and in 10
to 13 rows; ventral short, its rays not filamentous; snout rather
blunt; body moderately elongate, the depth 3} in length ; color oli-
vaceous, with some blue and bronze markings ; males with a broad
indigo-blue cross-band behind pectorals ; females with inky spots
on the scales of the upper posterior part of back ; pectorals yellow,
with a black axillary spot.--_..-------5- s2=.---- SEMICINCTUS, 2.
bb. Scales* before dorsal large, in 5 or 6 rows, not crossing the median line; snout
moderately pointed.
e. Ventral finst with the outer rays produced, more than twice the length of the
‘inner.
d. Sides without conspicuous dark lateral band and with a dark vertical bar,
more or less distinct, extending downward from spinous dorsal ;
axillary spot obscure.
e. Body rather deep, the depth 34 in length; profile rather steep ; posterior
canines very strong; no black spots on head; caudal fin nearly
plain‘; ‘verticalibarlobseuress- 4-2-2 ee eee NICHOLSI, 3.
ee. Body rather elongate, the depth about 3% in length; profile not steep;
posterior canines rather small; head with black streaks and spots
above; caudal sharply barred; vertical dark bar distinct.
: GARNOTI, 4.
dd. Side with a broad blue-)lack lateral band extending from eye to tip of
caudal.
f. Spinous dorsal fin with no conspicuous black spot; adark stripe from eye
to nape; fins mostly dark, with pale edgings; axiland tip of pectoral
dark ; profile rather steep; body rather robust, the depth 3} in
lengths .cuc'scseetoceciseaoee seen e-aceee + aes eee DIMIDIATUS, 5.
Sf. “ Spinous dorsal fin with a conspicuous blue-black spot between the fifth
and seventh spines; a dark spot under last dorsal ray; a blue band
from snout through eye; another from eye upward and backward
through operculum; three bluish bands across nape and three
white ones across cheek; base of pectoral with asmall black spot.”
(Giinther,) 1252 :425. ieee eee oa ee eee MACULIPINNA, 6.
*The character has, not been verified in P. nicholsi nor in P. maculipinna, both of
which we place provisionally in this group.
t Not verified in P. maculipinna.
a
i it ih
i
N :
-
“1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 59
ce. Ventral fin with the outer rays not produced, its length not half more than
that of inner ray; body slender, the depth 4 in length; opercle
with a conspicuous black spot; a blue-black baud from snout
through eye to base of caudal; a narrower and fainter band from
lower base of pectoral to above anal, these bands growing fainter
with age and sometimes disappearing; noaxillary spot; finsmostly
pale, with bright colors in life; angles of candal black in adult ;
lower pharyngeals T-shaped, the anterior limb shorter than any
obpherspecies examined a.-o-4e-s40-- ss sec ee BIVITTATUS, 7.
aaa. Caudal fin double concave, the median portion convex, the outer rays somewhat
produced.
g. Around jet-black spot on lateral line below fourth and fifth dorsal
spine ; no spot behind eye; ventrals with the outer ray little pro-
duced, not reaching nearly to tips of pectorals ; body rather stout,
the depth about 3} in length: profile steep; snout moderately
pointed ; scales before dorsal in about 6 rows; a variegated blotch
behind pectorals; fins mostly pale, with paler streaks; no axillary
0 ope ee ete eee Rea eee tae DISPILUS, 8.
gg. A round jet-black spot close behind eye; no spot on lateral line;
ventrals with the outer rays somewhat produced, reaching to op-
posite tips of pectorals, but scarcely twice length of inner rays;
body slender, the depth 4 to 44 in length; profile not steep ; snout
pointed ; eye rather large; scales before dorsal in 7 rows, not cross-
ing median line; sides with an orange band and numerous sky-
blue spots; fins pale, with many streaks of orange and blue; no
ssa MAmVeS PO brs cae tree eres oe ona em nae Ce eae te te bce CAUDALIS, 9.
\
1. Platyglossus radiatus. Pudding-wife ; Doncella.
Pudiano verde Maregrave, Hist. Pisc. Brasil., 146, 1648 (Brazil; on a drawing
by Prince Maurice, of Nassau).
Turdus oculo radiato (Pudding-wife) Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol., II, 12, tab.
xii, fig. 1, 1743 (Bahamas).
Labrus radiatus Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. X, 288, 1758 (based on Catesby).
Platyglossus radiatus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 163, 1862 (copied) ;
Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 135, 1884 (Key West) ; Jordan, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 194, 1884 (identification of Catesby’s figure); Jordan, Bull. U.
S. Fish Com., 78, 1884 (Key West); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 98, 1885 ;
Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885 (Havana).
Cherojulis radiatus Goode, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 35, 1875 (Bermudas).
Doneella Parra, Desc. Dif. Piez. Hist. Nat. Cuba, 95, lam.37, fig. 1, 1787 (Ha-
vana).
Labrus brasilienus Bloch, Ichth., taf. 280, about 1787 (Brazil; on a drawing by
Prince Maurice, of Nassau, of the Pudiano Verde) ; Bloch & Schneider, Sys-
tema Ichthyol., 242, 1801 (copied).
Chlorichthys brasiliensis Swainson, Class. Fish., &c., 232, 1839 (name only).
Julis crotaphus Cuvier, Régne Anim., ed. II, 1828 (based on Doncella of Par-
ra; no description).
Julis cyanostigma Cuy. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 391, 1839 (Martinique).
Platyglossus cyanostigma Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 161, 1862 (Carib-
bean Sea); Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 464, 1870 (St. Croix); Giinther,
Shore Fishes, Challenger, 4, 1880 (St. Paul’s Rocks, mid-Atlantic).
Cherojulis cyanostigma Poey, Synopsis Pisce. Cub., 334, 1868 (Havana) ; Poey,
Enumeratio, 1875, 107 (Havana).
Julis opalina Cuv, & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 392, 1839 (Martinique),
60. REVIEW OF AMERICAN JULIDINA.
Platyglossus opalinus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 163, 1862 (copied).
4 Julis patatus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 398, 1839 (Martinique,
Cuba).
Julis principis Cuy. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss, XIII, 402, 1839 (Bahia).
Platyglossus principis Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 164, 1862 (copied).
- Habitat—West Indian fauna; Florida Keys to Brazil.
This is the largest in size of the American species of this genus, and
one of those most readily recognized. It has been well described by
Professor Goode, who has noted the variations due to age, and by Pro-
fessor Jordan (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 194), who has indicated the
several variations in the adult.
This species is evidently the Pudiano Verde of Marcgrave, the Pud-
ding-wife of Catesby, and the Doncella of Parra.
The Labrus radiatus of Linnzus, in the tenth edition, is based solely
ou the Pudding-wife of Catesby. The Linnean name, radiatus, must
therefore be taken for this species. In the twelfth edition the Labrus
radiatus disappears, and the Pudding-wife appears as a doubtful syno-
nym of a Sparus radiatus, which is based on a specimen of P. bivittatus
sent by Dr. Garden from South Carolina.
The Labrus brasiliensis of Bloch is a fairly good figure of the female
of this species, except that the coloration is made bright yellow and
orange, rather than olive and bronze.
The Julis crotaphus of Cuvier is based solely on a reference to Parra’s
Doneella, and must therefore be referred to this species, although the
fish subsequently described as Julis crotaphus by Valenciennes seems
to be our P. caudalis. The names cyanostigma, patatus, and principis
are regarded by Goode as referring to different stages in the growth of
this species. This view seems to be correct, and we may add opalina
also as apparently the adult female.
The specimens of this species examined by us are all adult (15 to 18
inches long) and are from Key West and Havana.
2. Platyglossus semicinctus. Kelp-fish.
Julis semicinctus Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad., 32, 1859 (Cerros Island; male).
Platyglossus semicinctus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 161, 1862 (copied) ;
Steindachner, Ichthy. Beitriige, V, 151, 1876 (San Diego); Jordan &
Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 455, 1880 (San Pedro); Jordan & Gilbert,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1881 (Wilmington, Cal.); Jordan & Gilbert,
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 52, 1881 (Santa Catalina, San Pedro); Jordan &
Gilbert, Synopsis Fish., N. Am., 603, 1883; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 99,
1885.
Cherojulis semicinctus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 223, 1863 (no descrip-
tion).
Habitat.—Lower California fauna; Los Angeles to Panama.
This species reaches a length of about afoot. It has been described
with sufficient accuracy by Steindachner and by Jordan & Gilbert
(Synopsis). The coloration is comparatively plain, but that of the fe-
male is notably different from that of the male.
The specimen before us is from San Diego.
ee ee
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 61
3. Platyglossus nicholsi.
Platyglossus nicholsi Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 231, 1881 (Braith-
waite Bay, Socorro Isl.); Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 384, 1885 (name
only).
Habitat.—Revillagigedo Islands ; one specimen known.
Of this species only the original type is known. This is dull in color
and is, perhaps, a female faded in alcohol.
4. Platyglossus garnoti.
Julis garnoti Cuy. & Val., XIIT, 390, 1889 (Martinique); Guichenot in Sagra,
Hist. de Cuba, 218, about 1855 (Havana).
Platyglossus garnoti Giinther, IV, 162, 1862 (Martinique) ; Jordan, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 1885 (Havana).
Julis cinctus Poey, Mem. Cuba, II, 211, tab. 13, fig. 19, 1860 (Havana).
Cherojulis cinctus Poey, Synopsis, 334, 1868 (Havana); Poey, Enumeratio, 108,
1875 (Havana).
Julis ruptus Poey, Mem. Cuba, II, 212, tab. 13, fig. 20, 1860.
Charojulis ruptus Poey, Synopsis, 354, 1868 (Havana).
Platyglossus ruptus Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 464, 1870 (St. Croix).
Habitat-—West Indian fauna.
Of this small species we have but two specimens, each about 8 inches
long, from Havana. Poey notes that this species varies much in color-
markings, and includes in his Enumeratio his Julis ruptus as asynonym
of Julis cinctus. After making reasonable allowance for variation in
specimens, and for the lack of detail in description, we see no reason
why the Julis garnotit may not be the same species, and we therefore so
regard it.
The life coloration in our specimens of Pl. garnoti was as follows:
Head olive, shaded with brown ; bright violet-blue on the lower jaw.
Dark violet dots and streaks behind and above eye. Shoulders deep
yellow-olive; behind this a blackish cross-band, behind which the back
and the base of the dorsal is a rich maroon-crimson ; body below this
livid purplish, shaded with olive. Spinous dorsal olive, with blue dots;
soft dorsal bluish, banded with bronze,and edged with dusky. Caudal
bluish-gray, with sharply-defined, narrow bronze bands. Anal olive-
reddish, with streaks of crimson, violet, and blue. Pectorals light red-
dish, their tips black ; axil violet. Ventrals pale. A diffuse dusky spot
at upper base of caudal.
5. Platyglossus dimidiatus.
Julis dimidiatus Agassiz, in Spix, Pisce. Braz., 96, pl. 53, 1829 (Brazil); Cuv. &
Val., XIII, 407, 1839 (Martinique ; Brazil).
Ichthycallus dimidiatus Swainson, Class. Fish. &c., 232, 1839 (name only).
Platyglossus dimidiatus Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1485 (Havana).
Julis internasalis Poey, Mem. Cuba, II, 421, 1860 (Havaniu).
Platyglossus internasalis Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 164, 1862 (Carib-
bean Sea); Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 463, 1870 (St. Martin’s).
Cherojulis internasalis Poey, Synopsis, 334, 1868 (Havana); Poey, Enumeratio,
108, 1875 (Havana).
Habitat.—West indian fauna; south to Brazil.
62 REVIEW OF AMERICAN JULIDINE
There seems to be no important reason for regarding the Cuban in- |
ternasalis as different from the Brazilian dimidiatus, the alleged differ-— |
ences in color being doubtless due to omissions in the original descrip- |
tion. The colors in all these fishes rapidly fade in dried or preserved |
specimens, and descriptions or figures drawn from such cannot bel
closely compared with fresh examples.
Two male specimens of P. dimidiatus from Havana are each about
15 inches in length. In life they showed the following coloration :
Deep light olive-green on head and back, the head bluer, then a
broad lateral band of deep indigo, below this light clear green, then
darker bluish-green ; clear blue on lower jaw below, and clear greenish-
blue on lower part of cheek; lateral band becoming faint on head; a
dark streak along profile from snout to nape; a dark bluish band up-
ward and backward from eye to nape, rather conspicuous, narrowed —
posteriorly ; dorsal indigo, edged with sky-blue; caudal green, indigo |
in center, yellowish at tip; anal indigo, then dull orange, then sky-blue ;
ventrals green; pectorals plain greenish, indigo above; axil dark.
d
6. Platyglossus maculipinna.
Julis maculipinna Miiller & Troschel in Schomburgh, Hist. Barbadoes, 674,
1848 (Barbadoes).
Platyglossus maculipinna Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus:, IV, 1862, 165 (Trini- —
dad); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 1885, 99 (Beaufort, N. C.); Jordan, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885 (Beaufort).
Charojulis maculipinna Poey, Synopsis, Pisce. Cub., 1868, 336; Poey, Enu-
meratio, 109, 1875 (Havana).
Pusa* radiata Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1878, 374 (Beaufort).
Habitat.—W est Indian fauna; north to Beaufort.
This species is known to us chiefly from descriptions. A small ex-
ample taken by Professors Jordan & Gilbert at Beaufort in 1877+
is regarded as belonging to it, but this individual is now destroyed,
and we are unable to verify this identification. No other known spe-
cies has, however, the black dorsal spot.
The character of the predorsal scales and of the ventrals should be
known before the place of this species in our analytical key can be
given.
Pal a Rall
* The rather curious blunder involved in the use of the name ‘ Pusa” for this genus
came about in this way: Professor Gill once informed the writer that the name Pusa
of Scopoli must probably supersede Halicharus, the latter being a genus of seals.
The writer adopted the statement as referring to Halichwres, the genus of fishes.
t The life colors of this specimen were thus described: ‘‘ Bright green ; a dark brown
lateral band covering two rows of scales; above this three bronze bands, with green
interspaces, below if a band of crimson; these bands running forward and meeting
on the snout; dorsr] fin bright vermilion, with a large blue spot, ocellated with vel-
low near its middle ; a smaller dark blue spot at base of last dorsal ray and another
at base of caudal; anal red, with a yellowish streak; caudal nearly plain; iris red.
Length, 14 inches,”
1886.] PROCFEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 63
7.—Platyglossus bivittatus. Slippery Dick ; Doncella,
Sparus radiatus Linniwus, Syst. Nat., ed. XII, 472, 1766 (Carolina; based on
a specimen from Charleston, sent by Dr. Garden); Gmelin, Syst. Nat.,
1278, 1788 (copied); Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, 289, 1792 (copied); Bloch
& Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 207, L801 (copied), (not Labrus radiatus L., ed.
X).
Platyglossus radiatus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 608, 1882
(Charleston).
Labrus bivitiatus Bloch, Ichth., taf. 284, fig. 1, about 1787 (from a painting
by Plumier, made at Martinique).
Tehthycallus bivittatus Swainson, Class. Fish. &c¢., 232, 1839 (name only).
Platyglossus bivittatus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 164, 1°62 (Jamaica);
Steindachner, Ichth. Notiz., VI, 49, 1867 (Barbadoes and Surinam); Cope,
Trans. Am, Phil. Soe.,.463, 1870 (St. Martin’s); Jordan, Proc. U. 8S. Nat.
Mus., 40, 1884 (foot-note); Jordan, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 136, 1884 (Key
West); Bean & Dresel, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 153, 1884 (Jamaica); Jor-
dan, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 79, 1884 (Key West); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N.
Am., 98, 1885; Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885 (Havana).
Cherojulis bivittatus Poey, Syn., 335, 1868 (Havana).
Labrus psittaculus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., IIT, 522, eee from
a copy of Plumier’s painting).
Julis psittaculus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 387, 1839 Ctantaiaue
and Surinam).
Julis humeralis Poey, Mem. Cub., II, 212, 1860 (Havana).
Cherojulis humeralis Poey, Syn., 1335, 1868 (Havana); Poey, Enumeratio, 108,
1875 (Havana).
Platyglossus humeralis Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 165, 1862 (Cuba);
Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. Am., 603, 1882.
Cherojulis humeralis Goode & Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 388, 1879 (Clear
Water Uarbor).
Cherojulis grandisquamis Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 206, 1863 (Beau-
fort, N. C.).
Pusa grandisquamis Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 374, 1879 (Beau-
fort).
Platyglossus grandisquamis Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. Am., 603, 1882
(copied).
Cherojulis arangoi Poey, Enumeratio Pise. Cub., 109, 1875 (Havana).
Platyglossus florealis Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 287, 1882
(Pensacola).
Habitat—West Indian fauna; Beaufort, N. C., to Brazil. TExces-
sively abundant along rocky or weedy shores and reefs.
This species reaches a smaller size than any other of our representa-
tives of the genus. It is also by far the most common in the waters
of Florida and Cuba, and its range extends considerably farther north
than any of the others.
The variations due to age and to character of the bottom are very
considerable, having caused the establishment of several nominal spe-
cies. In the descriptions above mentioned by Professors Jordan &
Gilbert of specimens from Charleston, Pensacola, and Key West these
variations have been sufficiently indicated. Our Cuban specimens
(from coral sand) are much paler in color than those from farther north.
The dark markings, however, remain similar. In old examples the
ba REVIEW OF AMERICAN JULIDINA.
dark lateral bands fade, sometimes becoming more or less broken; the
corners of the caudal become dark, and there is usually a dark spot at
base of last dorsal ray.
The earliest specific name, radiatus, is untenable, because preoccupied.
The name next in date, bivittatus, is based on arather poor figure, which
could, however, have been intended for no other known species. This
name must therefore be retained. The name psittaculus is said to be
based on the same figure. The humeralis of Poey seems to be unques-
tionably the adult of this fish, common in the Havana markets, and his
arangot is a young example of the same, from different bottom, and
showing a coloration more like our Florida specimens. The granai-
squamis of Gill is based on an adult example in which the coloration is
less sharply defined, and finally the florealis of Jordan & Gilbert is
the gaily-colored young. None of this synonymy seems to us subject
to any serious question.
8. Platyglossus dispilus.
Platyglossus dispilus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 25, 1864 (Panama);
Giinther, Fish. Cent. Am., 447, 1869 (Panama) ; Steindachner, Ichth. Bei-
triige III, 64, 1875 (Acapulco); Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Com.,
108, 1882 (Mazatlan); Jordan, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 384, 1585 (Mazat-
lan; name only); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 99, 1885.
Habitat.—Panama fauna; Mazatlan to Panama.
This species has been well figured and described by Dr. Giinther. It
was found by Dr. Gilbert to be rather common in the rock-pools about
Mazatlan. It reaches but a small size. The characters in our analysis
of species are taken from the figure of Dr. Giinther.
9. Platyglossus caudalis.
Julis crotaphus Cuy. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 395, tab. 395, 1839 (Bahia),
(not of Cuvier).
Platyglossus crotaphus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., [V, 163, 1862 (Bahia,
Jamaica); Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 463, 1870 (St. Croix).
Cherojulis crotaphus Poey, Enumeratio, 109, 1875. (Havana).
Julis caudatis Poey, Mem. Cuba, II, 213, 1861 (Havana); Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., IV, 191, 1862 (copied).
Platyglossus caudalis Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 166, 1862 (copied) ;
Jordan & Gilbert. Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 286, 1882 (Pensacola) ; Jordan,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 37, 1884 (Pensacola).
? Julis pictus Poey, Mem. Cuba, II, 214, 1861 (Havana).
? Platyglossus pictus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 166, 1862 (Cuba).
? Platyglossus poeyi Steindachner, Ichth. Notiz., VI, 49, 1867 (Surinam). |
Habitat.— West Indian fauna; Pensacola to Bahia.
This species is known to us only from several specimens taken in deep
water near Pensacola by Mr. Silas Stearns, and described as Platy-
glossus caudalis by Jordan & Gilbert.
The synonymy of the species is not wholly satisfactory. The origi-
nal descriptions of crotaphus, caudalis, pictus, and poeyi all show some
of the distinctive characters of our specimens; but these specimens,
while agreeing closely with each other, all diverge more or Jess from
fei at Di i eee
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 65
all the above-mentioned accounts. It is possible that three or four
species of this type exist, but our knowledge of the variations in P.
bivittatus leads us to doubt this, and to regard all as one. Platyglossus
pictus seems the most different from our examples of any of these nom-
inal species.
We have rejected the name crotaphus, because in the Regne Animal,
where the name first appears, it is accompanied only by a reference to
the Doncella of Parra, which is P. radiatus.
Genus 2. OXYJULIS.
Oxyjulis Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 330 (modestus).
This group is intermediate between Platyglossus and Pseudojulis, dif-
fering from either only in trifling respects. The single known species
is very slender, with very feeble dorsal spines, and with the posterior
canine characteristic of Platyglossus either represented by a small rudi-
ment or else altogether wanting. Occasionally but eight dorsal spines
are present, asin Thalassoma. The genus seems, however, to be as well
worthy of retention as many others among the Labride.
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF OXYJULIS.
a. Body elongate, strongly compressed, the back not elevated, the head slinder and
sharp; depth, 44 in length of body; snout 3in head; eye 5; posterior canine
weak or wanting, rarely present on both sides; scales before dorsal much re-
duced, in 10 to 12 rows, those on breast considerably smaller than those on
sides ; caudal truncate; ventrals short, the first ray not twice the length of the
inner ray ; dorsal spines flexible; olive-brown ; centers of scales orange-brown ;
belly cream color; sidesof head with alternate streaks of bluish and brown; a
large inky blotch at base of caudal, covering one-third the fin; membrane of
base of spinous dorsal largely indigo-blue ; fins otherwise pale ; lower pharyn-
geals formed as usual in Platyglossus, the large teeth less obtuse.
CALIFORNICUS, 10.
10. Oxyjulis californicus. Sevorita; Pesce Rey.
Julis modestus Girard,. Proc, Ac. Nat. Se. Phil., VII, 151, 1854 (copied); Gi-
rard, U. S. Pac. R. R. Sur. Fish., 163, 1859 (San Diego, Monterey, San
Miguel) ; Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 142, 1862 (foot-note), (not Julis
modestus Bleeker).
Pseudojulis modestus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 168, 1862 (San Diego) ;
Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 455, 1880 (Monterey, San Diego) ;
Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 10, 1881 (Monterey, Santa Bar-
bara); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 225, 1881 (Guadalupe
Isl.) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Svnopsis Fish. N. A., 1883, 604; Jordan, Cat.
Fish. N. A., 99, 1885.
Oxyjulis modestus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil., 331, 1863 (coast of California).
Halicheres californicus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861 (name only;
substitution for Julis modestus preoccupied).
Habitat.—Coast of California ; Monterey to Guadalupe Island.
This pretty little fish is well described in the Synopsis of the Fishes of
North America above cited. Itis common in the kelp along the coast of
Proc. N, M. 86-—5 August 26, 18586,
66 REVIEW OF AMERICAN JULIDINA.
Lower and Southern California and reaches a length of 7 inches. On
the rule that ‘once asynonym, alwaysa synonym,” now adopted by most
American ornithologists and ichthyologists, the name modestus must
give place to californicus.
Genus 3. PSEUDOJULIS.
Pseudojulis Bleeker, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, 412 (girardi). t
This genus contains two or three species similar to Platyglossus in all
respects except in the absence of the posterior canines. From Oryjulis
they differ in having the dorsal spines sharp. But one American spe-
cles is known.
ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES OF PSEUDOJULIS.
a. Caudal fin rounded; ventral fin with the outer ray not produced, its length not
nearly twice that of inner ray ; its tip not reaching tip of pectoral ; scales before
dorsal in about six series ; body rather stout, the depth 3% in the length; snout
pointed ; profile not steep ; dorsal spines pungent; olive, young witha silvery
lateral streak ; back with four or five indistinct broad dark cross-bands, these
forming blotches on the dorsal fin, one of these on the first three soft rays, larg-
est and black ; angles of caudal pale ; ventrals whitish, with a broad black outer
MALIN & Sole SERIE See ehatie ee ee ieee eee eke ors auee Norospiuvs, 11.
11. Pseudojulis notospilus.
Pseudojulis notospilus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 26, 1864 (Panama) ;
Giinther, Fish. Cent. Am., 447, 1869 (Panama); Jordan & Gilbert, Bull.
U.S. Fish Comm., 1882, 108 and 111 (Mazatlan, Panama); Jordan, Proc.
U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 384 (Mazatlan, Panama); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N.
Am., 99, 1885.
Habitat.—Panama fauna; Mazatlan to Panama,
This species reaches a length of about 4 inches. Several specimens
were taken by Dr. Gilbert in the rock-pools about Mazatlan, and others
were found at Panama. As these specimens are not now accessible to
us we have taken our analysis from the description and figure of Dr.
Giinther.
Genus 4. THALASSOMA.
Julis species, Cuvier & Valenciennes, XIII, 18389 (not type).
Thalassoma Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, II, 1839, 224 (purpureus).
Chlorichthys* Swainson, 1. c., I, 1839, 232 (bifasciatus, &c.).
Julis Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 1862, 179 (not of Cuvier nor of Swainson).
This genus as here understood comprises numerous species, similar
in most respects to the species of Platyglossus, but with only 8 spines
in the dorsal fin and without posterior canines. The species belong
mostly to the Pacific and Indian Oceans, those of the Atlantic being
few.
The group Thalassoma of Swainson, distinguished by him from
* Chlorichthys and Ichthyeallus, confused jumbles of species, may well be disposed
of as synonyms of Thalassoma and Coris, respectively, although several other genera
are represented in each.” (Swain, Proc. Ac. Nat. Soi, Phila., 1882, 275.)
Pla Mae
ie cee wet sine ae ba mit ts
—— es
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 67
Xyrichthys by the form of the head, the position of the eyes, &c., was
based on ignorance. Thalassoma is, however, the oldest generic name
applied to any members of the present group, and it must be retained.
If the group be reunited with Platyglossus, &e., the name Thalassoma
should be used for all.
The generic name Julis was first given by Cuvier especially to the
Labrus julis of the Mediterranean, a species referred by Dr. Giinther to
the genus Coris of Lacépede. Numerous other species were included in
the group by Cuvier, but by Swainson all these others were removed,
leaving Labrus julis as the sole species of Julis. Whether Julis, as thus
restricted, is distinguishable from Coris or not we cannot say, and this
question does not concern the American species. , All the American
Julidine have large scales, while most of those found in the eastern
Atlantic (Julis, Coris) have the scales small.
Of the American species of Thalassoma, but one (lucasanum) has
been examined by us. The characters given below are, therefore,
drawn entirely from descriptions.
ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES OF THALASSOMA.
a. Caudal subtruncate, the outer rays not at all produced; body slender, the depth
about 4 in length; ventrals shorter than pectorals; upper half of body dark
purplish, lower half becoming abruptly rosy; dorsal dark, margined with
whitish; anal brownish, outer half pale; caudal yellowish, with two purplish
hands asc aya hea purples dOte sane sfc) saan -esicise oe oo = == LUCASANUM, 12.
aa. Caudal sublunate, the lobes very slightly produced; body slender, compressed,
the depth about 4 in length; no posterior canine; dorsal spines pungent;
ventrals much shorter than pectorals; top of head and back brilliant yellow,
this color extending on sides of head and to ventrals; a large yellow blotch
on caudal fin; lower parts rosy white; a maroon band backward from eye,
breaking up on body into a series of six quadrate spots of bottle-green, the
last blotch extending on outer rays of caudal; dorsal mostly greenish, with
pale margin, a dark blotch between second and fifth spines; pectorals pale;
ME TELATS RVC ILO Wi (GOOGE) Senecio om Sales ae ctcmainte srk ae asacit oso Nitipum, 13.
aaa. Caudal forked, the lobes much produced.
b. Pectoral without conspicuous dark spot; anterior half of body deep blue; head
paler; posterior half of body bottle-green; a deep blue band across body
covered by pectoral ; a fainter one behind gill-opening, the two perhaps some-
times coalescing ; spinous dorsal dark; tip of pectoral dark; caudal pale, its
lobes dark blue on the outer part; soft dorsal greenish ; anal and ventrals
py UTS ene eats eee pee iene eetimeinty, mh ee Sy ee ah tt ee ee Sy BIFASCIATUM, 14.
bb. Pectoral fin with a conspicuous spot of indigo-blue behind its middle; head and
caudal fin entirely violet-blue; obscure paler streaks on side of head; breast
violet, paler than the head; body violaceous, its anterior third paler, the
scales posteriorly edged with dull violet (Steindachner)~. ....MELANOCHIR, 15.
Thalassoma lucasanum.
Julis lucasanus Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phil., 142, 1862 (Cape San Lucas) ;
Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 184, 1862 (Cape San Lucas); Jordan &
Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 367, 1882 (Cape San Lucas); Jordan & Gil-
bert, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 1881.
Thalassoma lucasanum Jordan. Cat. Fish. N. Am., 98, 1885; Jordan, Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 384 (Mazatlan).
Habitat.—Gulf of California,
68 REVIEW OF AMERICAN JULIDINZ.
This little fish was found in some abundance at Cape San Lucas by
Xnatus and at Mazatlan by Gilbert. It reaches a length of about 3
inches.
Thalassoma nitidum.
Julis nitida Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 190, 1862 (Jamaica).
Julis nitidissima Goode, Am, Jour. Sci. and Art, 293, 1877 (Bermuda).
Habitat—West Indian fauna.
This species is unknown tous. In describing J. niti dissima, Professor
Goode indicates his suspicion thatit is identical with Julis nitida. One
can hardly think otherwise on comparing his description, taken from a
single fresh specimen, with that of Dr. Giinther, taken from three pre-
served examples. The agreement seems to us perfect, when we take
into account the variations to which the Labride are subject. The only
tangible distinction would be in the length of the ventrals, two thirds
the pectorals in J. nitida and three-sevenths in J. nitidissima. -
Thalassoma bifasciatum.
Labrus capite obtuso Gronow, Zoophyl., No. 243, 1781 (Antilles).
Labrus bifasciatus Bloch, Ichthy., 131, pl. 283, about 1787 (East Indies) ; Bloch
& Schneider, Syst. Ichthy., 243, 1801 (after Bloch).
Chlorichthys bifasciatus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class’n. Fish., II, 1889, 232 (name
- only).
Julis bifasciata Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., IV, 186, 1862 (Jamaica).
Julis bifasciatus Poey, Enumeratio, 107, 1875 (Jamaica).
Labrus bifasciatus var. torquatus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 243
(Antilles; after Gronow).
Julis detersor Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIII, 408, 1839 (San Domingo,
Martinique). Giinther, IV, 186, 1862 (copied).
Labrus ornatus Gronow, Syst., ed. Gray, 88, 1854 (Antilles; after Labrus capile
obtuso), (not of Carmichael).
Julis gillianus Poey, Mem. Cuba, II, 214, 1860 (Cuba); Poey, Syn., 332, 1868
(Cuba).
Habitat.—West Indian fauna.
There seems to be little room for doubt that the Julis detersor is iden-
tical with Th. bifasciatum. The agreement is, as Poey has noticed, very
close in all respects, except that implied in the remark of Valenciennes
that the “spinous dorsal is low and scaly” (‘ basse et couverte d’écail-
les”). This expression, if intended to mean that the fin is scaly, must
be an error.
Thalassoma melanochir.
Julis melanochir Bleeker, ‘Act. Soc. Se. Indo-Nederl., IT, Amboyna, VIII, 77, 1859,
and Atl. Ichth., 89, tab. 33, fig. 2, 1862 ;” Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus.,
IV, 182, 1862 (Amboyna); Stenidachner, Ichth. Beitriige, ITI, 63, 1875
(Acapulco, Sandwich Isl.). Thalassoma melanochir Jordan, Proc. U. 8.
Nat. Mus., 1885, 384 (name only).
Habitat.—Pacitic Ocean, East Indies, and Sandwich Islands; a single
specimen recorded from Acapulco.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 69
Dr. Steindachner observes, “Anexample caught at Acapulco agrees
on the whole so closely with Julis melanochir that I can only, on ac-
count of its color, regard it as a variety of that species.”
“ Julis melanochir comes very abundantly on the coast of the Sand-
wich Islands, and it may from thence extend its range to the west coast
of North America, which, on the whole, possesses but few Labroids.”
The characters in our analysis are taken from Steindachner’s account
of the specimen from Acapulco.
RECAPITULATION.
The following is a list of American species of Julidinw admitted by
us. The distribution of each is indicated by the letters W. (West Indian
fauna), P. (Panama fauna), C. (Lower California fauna), U. (coasts of
United States) :
1. PLATYGLOSSUS (Klein) Bleeker.
§ Cherojulis Gill.
. Platyglossus radiatus L. (W. U.)
. Platyglossus semicinctus Ayres. (C. U.)
. Platyglossus nicholsi Jordan & Gilbert. (P.)
. Platyglossus garnoti Cuy. & Val. (W.)
. Platyglossus dimidiatus Agassiz. (W.)
Platyglossus maculipinna Miiller & Troschel. (W. U.)
. Platyglossus bivittatus Bloch. (W. U.)
on 9 Oo FO ND EH
. Piatyglossus dispilus Giinther. (P.)
9. Platyglossus caudalis Poey. (W.U.) (Perhaps more than one species included
in the synonymy.)
2. OXYJULIS Gill.
10. Oxyjulis californicus Giinther. (C. U.)
3. PSEUDOJULIS Bleeker.
11. Pseudojulis notospilus Giinther. (P.)
4. THALASSOMA Swainson.
12. Thalassoma lucasanum Gill. (P.)
13. Thalassoma nitidum Giinther. (W.)
14. Thalassoma bifasciatum Bloch. (W.)
15. Thalassoma melanochir Bleeker. (P., East Indies.)
REVIEW OF AMERICAN JULIDINA.
~j
oS.
LIST OF NOMINAL SPECIES, WITH IDENTIFICATIONS.
The following is a list of the nominal species of American Julidine,
arranged in order of description, together with our identification of
each. Tenable specific names are indicated by a star (*):
Nominal species. Year. Identification.
|
Labrus adiatus:= innseus: 2. Soo. ee sans osane se fee ee ee 1758 | Platyglossus radiatus.
SSP REELS Ua CU RUE ea ENTN CRS UES ole rater a eet ee 1766 | Pl. bivittatus.
abrusvbrasiviensag: Bloch -...s- aoe seneee ee Ree eee ener eceeee 1787 | Pl. radiatus.
Babrusibitasciatus:;* Bloch..25* < 25. < S55 -2u esse UG _& SN EE na 1787 | Thalassoma bifasciatum.
Labrus bivittatus,* Bloch ..-.........-- Fa kieeleae enema oak el aes See Bee 1787 | Pl. bivittatus.
Habras pseittacol ns Muacépede = a2 soe. caseca nl aiece oe eiee is ain eee 1800 | Pl. bivittatus.
lis. crowaphug, GUVIOn @e.--— sas eck eee seeeieeee acrosomal 1828 | Pl. radiatus.
LIS PAIMMOUUCOR, * A ONES A. en ees nian eres Seat cia lee aes 1829 | Pl. dimidiatus.
PIS SATHOtL AAC UV oe Viel Ee acl cee ele aera fae Ree ante arse ee 1839 | Pl. garnoti.
dois cyanostigmn, Cav. do 4V al... sto eee eae See ere serene eer 1839 | Pl. radiatus.
Snlissopalina: Cuiv. (Go Wal 8. 1222 sees Se Poe. 8 etna cite cee eer ek 1839 | Pl. radiatus.
WHlsverobophus, (CAV. Ceo ales teen ns a a5 ene eee ee eee 1839 | Pl. caudalis.
Jiulsipatatus, Cove Viel soo 3so nse Ae ee eset elaine eee ae 1839 | Pl. radiatus.
ULIS| PIN Cipis; Cue Gow Vib «te Sam Sesion ee eee as ee eee entre eee 1839 | Pl. radiatus.
Julisidetersor\C uv, he Wal 2283 0S s Sai elon elo oe eee oe eee 1839 | Tb. bifasciatam.
Jmlismiacolipinna,* Maller dey i roscheleiys ur = deen shee eee ese ee 1848 | Pl. maculipinna.
US MOMER TNS. GuINANGs sate re ate eee etal an erin er eee | 1854 | Oxyjulis modestus.
abrasormatas, (Gron0wa-cs22-ee- =a see eee ee eee tees 1854 Th bifasciatum.
Julis semicinctus,* Ayres ..-..--. SoS =e oe ean es ea py erate ee 1859 | Pl. semicinctnus.
dnlismelanochir:* Bleekersss-cceo sos accuse ease oe ee eerie | 1859 | Th. melanochir.
dulis;cinctus “Poesy -2.o so. hace sees eee a eee eee pree eee ec eee eee | 1860 | PI. garnoti.
Julis ruptus, Poey.-.---.--.-+- Se eae a at eae Ree emer aes 1860 | Pl. garnoti.
Julis humeralis “Poey.=---s--css=,.cs206 cece een CUS stint Jteeeee eae 1860 Pl. bivittatus.
Julisicaudalis’* Poey: so 220 ae ease ces see seme s onee eee 5 Geese | 1860 Pl. caudalis.
Jalis:gillianng: Poesy 22222). = ees ean ceee SE candor be ieee a ane ene 1860 | Th. bifasciatum.
SUlIs PictUsre Gey. "she Sviss Se ee ee ie Bee ee Se eee Se oe oe eee | 1860 | Pl. candalis.
Julis internasalis, Poey.---.----.-+2----- 1860 Pl. dimidiatus.
Halicheres californieus,* Giinther.....:- | 1861 | Ox. californicus.
ditlis TacasanTa Gal eee ae oe Be es Aer ee sh ae nat aR ee a | 1862 Th. Jucasanum.
Julisininida.*(Giimthoncesos: nooo ee ace wae cee eee Pees aie spaces 1862 | Th. nitidum.
Cherojulis grandisquamis, Gill..-.-....----. Seo ae case eee ae see 1863 | Pl. bivittatus.
Platyelossus dispilus:*Guntherssccece sce ences seh eseeacas Eee ere 1864 | Pl. dispilus.
Pseudojulisimotospilug* Gunthersso-s a-ccs ses noe ee eee ose eee nen eee 1864 | Pseudojulis notospilus.
Platyelossuspoeyl, Stemndachner ©.4-235- 422-0. - os2-se es cone on heen 1867 | Pl. candalis.
ChorojulisiarangolPoey, 7-6 bosons eee see sacs coke Seoee Senne 1875 | Pl. bivittatus.
SUL NIdISSim a, GOO EOL = 55-5 ae eee Se eo neon wee See eee eee 1877 | 'fh. nitidum.
Platyglossus nicholsi,* Jordan & Gilbert: .-.2.-2--=<.\o.-0n---e000 55 1881 | Pl. nicholsi.
Platygtossus florealis, Jordan & Gilbert ............-.-.----.--..---- 1882 | Pl. bivittatus.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, December 15, 1885.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 71
ON THE VALUE OF THE FIN-RAYS AND THEIR CHARACTERIS-
TICS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE
FISHES, TOGETHER WITH REMARKS ON THE THEORY OF DE-
GENERATION.
By JOHN A. RYDER.
As stated by me in various notices heretofore published, the most
primitive arrangement of the rays of fishes is a continuous one, such as is
permanently retained by the Dipnodns.* Since this conclusion has been
reached, further investigation and comparison has shown that in the
most primitive types of the fins there are no interradial spaces, such as
are found between the rays of the fins of Teleosts. This general truth,
completely verified by embryology, seems to lead to results of some sig-
nificance in taxonomy. For instance, the two groups, Dipnoi and Holo-
cephali, which have tke least differentiated system of rays in the fins,
are also amongst the lowest and most archaic in their organizations, for
in neither are there any true interradial spaces such as are found in the
members of the Ganoid and Teleostean series.
The Dipnoi, as respects the fins, are nearer to the Teleostei than to
the Squali, because their membranous fin-rays (horn fibers of authors),
or actinotrichia, properly speaking,:are in a single series on either side
of the mesoblastie core of the fins, the same as in Teleostean embryos,
and are not made up of several superimposed rows, as in the Sharks.
Since the foregoing was written, a memoirt of the greatest value, by
Dr. Meyer, has appeared on the development of the median fins of
Elasmobranchs, in which it is also shown that in the embryos of this
series there is but a single row of actinotrichia on either side of the
*1. An Outline of a The ‘Ory of the Dev elopment of the unpaired Fins of Fishes.
Am. Nat., Jan., 1885, pp. 90-97, 8 figs.
2. che Becdlopment of the Rays of Osseons Fishes. Am. Nat., Feb., 1885, pp. 200-
204, 5 figs.
3. On Certain Features of the Development of the Salmon. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1885, pp. 156-162, pl. XII. (The word actinotrichia was proposed for the first time in
this paper as a general term for the “horn fibers” or embryonic fin-rays of fishes.)
4. On the Availability of Embryological Characters in the Classification of the
Chordata. Am, Nat., Aug. and Sept., 1885, pp. 815-819 and 903-907.
5. The Archistome-Theory. Am. Nat., Nov., 1885, pp. 1115-1121.
6. On the Origin of Heterocercy and the Evolution of the Fins and Fin-rays of
Fishes. In press. 12 plates.
N. B.—The new terms which will be met with in the following are defined in the
context. Fuller definitions will be found in the author’s papers cited above.
+7. Die Unpaaren Flossen der Selachier, von Paul Meyer. Mitth. aus der zoolog.
Station zu Neapel, VI., pp. 215-281, pls. 15-19. (Dated latter part of May, 1885.)
72 FIN-RAYS IN CLASSIFICATION OF FiSHis.
uupaired fins. It follows, therefore, that the superimposed rows of
actinotrichia found in the fins of many of the Sharks is an advance
upon the primitive single-rowed arrangement seen in Dipnoi, Holoce-
phali, and Teleostei. There have, therefore, been two lines or routes of
specialization in the development of actinotrichia, viz, (1) that charac-
teristic of Elasmobranchia and (2) that distinctive of Teleostei.
Only amongst the Rays and Skates do we find an approximation to
the arrangement met with in Dipnoi and embryo Teleostei. In the
Rays, however, the actinotrichia are quite rudimentary—embryonic—
in the paired fins, so much so that they are confined to a very narrow
marginal portion of the pectoral, for example, not over an eighth of an
inch in width in specimens a little over a foot in length. This short-
ness and rudimentary condition of the actinotrichia in the paired fins
of the Rays is correlated with the great length of the actinophores or
cartilaginous rays supported by the pro-, meso-, and metapterygium,
themselves formed by the fusion of the proximal ends of actinophores.
The only fins found in the Teleostei which retain the primitive feat-
ures of the continuous ones of the Dipnoi are the so-called ‘ adipose
fins” of Salmonoids, Nematognaths, Characinids, &c., but in them a
primitive structure is retained by the posterior dorsal only. But these
‘‘ adipose fins” are part of a discontinuous system of vertical fins, a
portion of which is developed to the degree characteristic of Teleostei
with interradial spaces. The adipose fins represent, in fact, the survival
of a Dipnoiin character as a part of a Teleostean organization.
The theory according to which such a survival was brought about
seems to be the following: Inasmueh as ‘adipose fins” are embryonic
in structure, just in the same way as the radii of the fins of Dipnoi are
permanently embryonic, we are forced: to infer that such fins, co-exist-
ing as they do with others in the same fish, having well developed
membranous, radial interspaces and ossified rays, have been retarded
in development so as to retain embryonic characters. The degenera-
tion, or rather retardation, of development of the second dorsal, which
is apparent in the Salmonoids, has been completed in the Cyprinoids, a
group which has entirely lost the posterior soft dorsal, retaining only
the anterior dorsal, with bony rays of the Teleostean type. The
Cyprinoid series has, however, acquired other structural specializations,
such as the development of a system of auditory ossicles, coincidently
with which the anterior portion of the vertebral column has been modi-
fied. Turning now to the Nematognaths, a majority of them have te-
tained the “adipose” second dorsal, supported by actinotrichia, while
they have acquired two new structures not met with in the less modi-
fied and older Salmonoid organization, viz, the system of maxillary,
mental, and nasal barbels, supported even in the embryo by cartilage,
and ossicula auditus, and often a peculiarly modified air-bladder, bi-
{ureate anteriorly and coming into close contact laterally and an-
teriorly with the skin in the fore part of the body-cavity, so as to ap-
Aa
——_—
{886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 73
parently form a kind of tympanic membrane on either side just be-
hind the scapular arch.
It is thus rendered evident that the mutations of development of three
or four structures may be sufficient to supply characters of ordinal value
to the taxonomist; that, in fact, we may get a far greater variety of small
differences between the many species belonging to the orders, founded
on such a small number of prominent characters, than might be supposed
possible if it was assumed that a permutation of the number of charac-
ters used in the ordinal definitions would give the number of species to
be included by the supposed orders, for each character is capable, within
very wide limits, of infinitely small amounts of variation, which may
serve as the marks of species or varieties. We are thus forced to infer
that in the “ genesis of species” we are dealing with a permutation, the
exact number of terms in which, and in which the capacity for the varia-
tion of each term is unknown, so that it would, if all the structural char-
acters of a group were given, be impossible to predicate how many
species or possible combinations of characters that group was capable
of yielding under the stress of environing influences competent to pro-
duce changes in the relative development of parts.
For instance, the one feature which Cyprinus and Amiurus retain in
common is the possession of a barbel at the angle of the mouth, yet the
one has no cartilaginous basis and appears late, whereas the other has
‘at first a cartilaginous support which afterwards ossifies at its base.
Now it is absolutely no proof whatever that these structures in the two
forms are not indicative of affiliation, if we assume that this is so, be-
cause in the one there is no skeletal support, while it is present in the
other. Because, if we attended to the development of both forms we
might find reasons for the belief that what had failed to develop in the
one was nevertheless possibly as salient a feature in the ancestor of
Cyprinus as in Amiurus, and that the tendency to suppress or retard the
development of the barbels in the one and exaggerate them in the other
was due to the operation of the very forces which we found capable of
producing a complex series of permutations. This idea may be rendered
somewhat clearer if we bear in mind that it seems to be a frequent em-
bryological rule that structures which are disappearing in an organism
disappear part by part in an order just the reverse of that in which they
are normally developed to their fullest importance.
This principle in embryology may be very clearly illustrated by the
succession of events in the course of the development of the rays of the
median fins of a few types in which the gamut of charges traversed by
the process of development is analyzed.
(1) Taking the Dipnoi as the lowest and simplest type, it seems that
the following is the method of development of the median fins which
will be found to exist: First, a perfectly eradiate, lophocercal, median
fin-fold, into which mesoblast is proliferated, between which and the
epidermis a single row of actinotrichia are developed on either side of
74 FIN-RAYS IN CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES.
the continuous fin which extends uninterruptedly along the back, over
the tail, forward to the vent. No interradial spaces ever developed and
no further differentiation of the actinotrichia, except augmentation in
size and strength, and vastly more numerous than the serially arranged
actinophores or interspinous elements. The latter are cartilaginous,
with a membranous osseous investment, while the actinotrichia are—
purely membrane and not cartilage, as asserted by Giinther. No sign—
of atrophy of any part of the azygous fin-systein is evident unless it may —
be that there is an anterior portion of the dorsal and a preanal portion —
which disappears. |
(2) The Holocephali, during development, probably approximate the
preceding type up to a certain point, when they diverge by differentiat- ;
ing atrophied intervals, especially between the dorsal fin and the epaxial —
part of the caudal, and in some species the tail-fold seems to atrophy
over the posterior portion of the chorda, so as to give rise to a nearly
eylindrical appendage without rays extending beyond the true tail,
and which may be called an opisthure. (See No. 1.*)
(3) The next grade of differentiation of the fins is that seen in the
Elasmobranchs, in which, instead of there being a single row of actino-
trichia under the epidermis on either face of the fins, there are several
supetimposed. A tendency to form true permanent rays is also ap-
parent in large specimens, though the simpler Dipnoén arrangement of
the actinotrichia is very apparent in very young specimens and in
cases where those have become rudimentary. There is also a less ob-
viously wide and continuous median fin-fold than in Teleostean em-
bryos, and a pronounced tendency to differentiate a caudal, dorsal,
and anal fins, with intervening atrophied intervals between them.
(it is very remarkable that Parapodoid structures should exist in the
embryos of Scyilium, as noted by Meyer (No. 7, pp. 219-229), whose fig-
ures also show that there is at first an archicercal terminal part of the
embryonie axis projecting beyond the point where median fin-folds are
developed, thus giving rise to a degenerate worm-like tail, such as has
been described by me as an opisthure (No. 1, p. 94). Such data as
Meyer has presented are sufticiently conclusive, it seems to me, to add
great force to some of the conclusions reached by the writer in No. 5, pp.
1119-1121, but which were formulated still earlier upon other grounds
by Dohrn.f)
The, fourth grade of radial development in which. several salient
characters appear for the first time is represented by the Chondros-
teans, Holostei, Crossopterygians, and Teleostei, which form a very
natural group for other reasons, in like manner based on data which
embryological investigation has supplied.
* The papers cited will be referred to by number. 5
+8. Studien zur Urgeschichte des Wirbelthierkérpers. WI. Die paarigen und un-
paaren Flossen der Selachier, Mitth. zool. Stat. Neapel, V, 1884, pp. 161-195, pls. 3, 9.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. to
The new features which appear in the differentiation of the rays of
these forms are four in number, viz:
(a) The atrophy of a number of actinotrichia at the bases or along
the whole width of the fin-folds, as a result of which absolutely eradi-
ate interradial spaces are formed.
(b) The coalescence of a number of actinotrichia and their fusion within
a membranous matrix in order to form a basis for the ossification of
the “soft rays” or malacopterygian type of fin-ray.
(c) The dichotomy of the soft rays due to the manner in which the
actinotrichia are fused and drawn together antero-posteriorly at their
proximal ends.
(d) The segmentation of the soft rays, the segments increasing in
number with age, so that it seems that the segmentation is due to a
kind of transverse fracture during their development due to use in
swimming, as would seem to be indicated by a microscopic examina-
tion of the articulating ends of the segments, which seem to be widened
terminally by the pressure on alternate sides brought to bear upon
them.
Another advance is made in the development of the acanthoptery-
gian type of fin-rays or “spines,” which are mainly confined to the Phy-
soclistous types of Teleosts, where they develop in more or less clearly
distinct epiblastic pockets in advance of the continuous fold which
gives rise to the malacopterygian, dichotomous type of rays. Good ex-
amples of this style of development of spinous rays are seen in Lophius
and Gasterosteus. It is doubtful if spinous, simple rays are developed
from actinotrichia at all, but from membrane formed by the mesoblast
and molded upon the inner walls of epiblastic pockets.
While the Teleostean series, as a rule, develops a lophocereal stage,
there are notable execeptions, and it frequently happens that when the
median continuous fold is formed the actinotrichia are not developed
simultaneously throughout its whole extent. Only in types which are
apparently primitive, such as the Salmon, do the actiuotrichia of the
entire fold develop so as to be visible along its whole extent. But the
continuity of the fold is soon interrupted by the atrophy of the inter-
vals between the median fins.
It is thus made obvious to the discriminating student that embry-
ology is just as capable of supplying data of taxonomic value as a study
of outwardly palpable features or as a study of the anatomy of a series of
forms. But the obvious disadvantage under which anatomy labors is
that it cannot safely surmise what genetic relations are indicated by
the morphology of the completed or adult organism, for the reason that
it cannot indicate the order and method according to which the various
parts made their appearance. The blundering on the part of anato-
mists in this respect is notorious, and is only excelled by the careless
taxonomist who is in search of differences for the sake of discriminat-
ing new species, while he is in absolute ignorance of how such differ-
76 FIN-RAYS IN CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES.
ences arose. Happily such taxonomic methods are becoming a matter
of the past, and it will not be long before it will not be the misfortune |
of the conchologist to name the “spat” stages of the oyster as distinet
species, or for the ichthyologist to erect “ families” upon the characters
presented by larval fishes. q
The truth is, that if embryological, internal or external, anatomica
characters are each taken separately they will lead to diverse results
and just in proportion to the superficiality of the characters upon which
names are based in just that proportion will there be uncertainty as
the relations of the discriminated forms in the minds of subsequent in
vestigators who may have other forms to compare or better specimens
to study. So it will not be by means of embryology through a study
of a single character or group of characters or with the help of external |
or of internal anatomy alone that we ean be guided, but by all three |
combined, with such help from distribution in space as may be accessi-
ble in the case of living organisms. The method of the paleontologist |
is necessarily different, but even that does not afford an apology for the
treatment of now-living forms according to a widely prevalent but fun- |
damentally wrong method.
To cite an instance in illustration, most persons would suppose that |
there was no reason to suspect that the ventral fins of a Sea-robin or a
Toadfish had not always been inserted inadvance ot thepectoral. There —
have been theorists who have thought differently, Owen amongst the
number, but it was not until the embryological observations of A.—
Agassiz put us in possession of the data from which to formulate it as —
a fact that in some instances at least the ventral fins of the embryos of
Physoclist fishes originate behind the pectorals.and are suddenly shoved
forward, below and in advance of the pectoral. This information gained,
we are in a position to state with positive certainty that the relative —
position of the paired fins of Physoclist fishes was preceded in time by —
one in which they were more nearly in the same relative position as in
the existing physostomous forms. No possible construction of the facts
of the anatomy of the adults could have given such conclusive evidence —
in favor of what becomes an obvious truth in the light of ontogenetic
investigation. Moreover, the facts of the anatomy of Physoclists be- —
come at once of greater interest, for the crossing of the nerves which
supply the paired fins is satisfactorily explained.
To return, however, to the discussion of the fact that parts of struct- —
ures vanish in an order exactly the reverse of that in which they ap-
peared, we may recur to the Salmon, in which the preanal fin-fold atro- —
phies or disappears in a manner exactly the reverse of that presented by
its appearance. During its outgrowth it slowly widens or becomes
higher, while during its atrophy it becomes gradually lower and nar-
rower, until all outward evidence of its existence vanishes.
Where new complications of development occur, when new structaral —
details are added to pre-existing ones, as in the case of the fins, it is very
clear that this process is often actually accompanied by one of atrophy,
|
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Ue
for it is found, in the first place, that, as a rule, the median fins, for
example, begin their development as uninterrupted folds. Only one
type, the Dipnoi, has retained this pre-eminently embryonic character,
all other fish-like branchiferous Chordata (not considering the Lepto-
-eardians and Marsipobrauchs) very soon show a tendency to depart
from such a primitive condition. In consequence there is atrophy of
certain portions of the fold, while others hypertrophy, and the in-
cluded actinotrichia become involved, and new features arise from prim-
itive ones, some being actually superimposed upon older ones. — .
It is difficult to arrange the groups of fishes in a satisfactory way by
the help of any one character or group of characters, and it is especially
‘difficult to indicate by the help of an ideal tree what seem to be their
actual genetic relationships. The best way to indicate changes in the
grade of development would be to consider the most embryonic form
_nearest to an ideal type from which there has been divergence and
specialization in various directions, thus:
Primitive type.
* Dipnot.
Holocephali.
Squali.
1* Crossoptery gii.
t* Rhomboganoidei. t*
t* Chondrostei.
Raiz. t* Physostomous 1 * Cycloganoidei.
Teleostei.
7 Physclistous
‘Leleostei.
The groups indicated by an asterisk are physostomous, and in the
diagram the length of the diverging lines is intended to show the de-
78 FIN-RAYS IN CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES.
gree of morphological differentiation of the fins, or the approximate ex- |
tent of departure from the primitive type in reference to this one feat
ure. The groups indicated by the mark f are those in which true ing
terradial spaces are developed, these being the least prominent in the
Chondrostei, which therefore depart least from the still more primitive
Dipnoi. Objections may be raised as to the plan of this diagram as in-—
dicating relations, but it seems to me to be far more in keeping with —
legitimate scientific method to refrain from indicating phyletic relations —
until our knowledge is comprehensive enough to include an analysis of
all the characters of a series of groups, so as to be able to represent
their true relations. This diagram aims only to illustrate the relations —
which appear to subsist between ten of the major groups of fishes, as —
indicated by the development and morphology of the fins and fin-rays. —
The Rays have been placed higher than the Sharks in ‘the diagram —
because their horn-fibers or actinotrichia are degenerate in the paired —
fins and their organization otherwise specialized. If, however, I were —
to consult the mode of outgrowth of the other elements of the paired fins
in the Rays, during which these organs maintain their primordial rela-—
tions to a greater extent than in other Elasmobranchs, I would be
obliged to rank them much lower than the Sharks. If, therefore, we —
take development as a guide, we are often forced to admit that one set —
of organs has advanced in organization or has remained stationary, or —
even may have become more or less degenerate and thus reverted in
that feature to an older and more embryonic type. The question
which then arises in estimating the value of such characters in tax-
onomy is in which one of these three ways the characters of the forms
under consideration have arisen.
This is not always an easy matter, as we will find if we turn for a —
moment to the consideration of the three above-specified methods, ac- —
cording to which single organs and groups of organs are developed in —
some given form.
(a) Taking the first case, or that of advancement, we may find that a
process of evolution has specialized one feature, which in turn has ~
clearly exerted a stunting influence, or one of retardation, upon another,
or the reverse. In this way new features arise upon which new species —
may be founded.
(b) Inthe second case no evolution, accompanied by the addition of
new elements of complication to already existing, fully-developed, or
partially degenerate organs, is taking place, and we may designate such
a state as one of fixity or stable equilibrium. Such an attained equilib-
rium of the working of the life forces of an organism as a whole, as is
shown by adult forms, enables the naturalist to discriminate species,
otherwise a taxonomy would be logically impossible, because there
could then be no such thing as species. An orderless, lawless variation
of organisms would then make an end of all taxonomic method.
a eee
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 79
(ec) The third case is one which is often difficult to distinguish from a
case of evolution or one of stable equilibrium for reasons presently to be
given. This case is often designated by the terms degeneration, degra-
dation, retrogressive development, retardation, and other like words and
phrases. But at the very outset we may be confronted by an inquiry
as tohow such degeneration arose, and also be asked how we know
that it is an actual degeneration. A study of development indicates
that anatomists have often used the terms indicative of degeneration
hastily and in an ill-considered sense. In order that my meaning may
be made clear it will be necessary to consider the possible ways in which
_ degeneration, real or apparent, may arise, and in this quest embryology
will be our best guide. In order to make our meaning the more di-
rectly applicable here the iilustrations used will also be drawn from
_ studies upon fins and similar processes of the bodies of fishes. What
holds there is applicable as a general principle elsewhere. As it is, it
_ is evident that there are several types of degeneration, so called, some
of which cannot be properly-included under the one same term.
(aa) True or actual degeneration may be defined as that sort which is
witnessed when, for example, the preanal fin-fold of the Salmon is de-
veloped to the protopterygian stage, with a row of actinotrichia on
_ either side, but is soon after absorbed so as to disappear completely, and
long before the animal is fully developed. Another illustration is that
of the suctorial disk of Lepidosteus, which disappears in like manner,
leaving but very sight traces of its existence in the adult. Such a
method of degeneration, which involves the total atrophy of a structure,
embraces, for the most part, in the range of its action only so-called
larval characters. This type of degenerative action is operative within
the life-time of an individual.
(bb) The next subtype of apparently retrogressive development is
probably not actually retrogressive, if it is intended to apply the ex-
- pression in its strictly literal meaning, but is only apparently so, at
least in many cases. An instance of that is the “adipose fins” of fishes.
These have developed as far as to the stage represented by the fins of
the Dipndéi, but have been arrested at that stage and have advanced no
farther. It would therefore be pure hypothesis, unsupported by any
evidence whatever, to assume that that type of fin had been derived by
degradation from a dorsal in which there were wide interradial inter-
spaces between true bony rays. Far rather let as suppose that the
development has been so retarded in its advance toward the evolution
of the Teleostean type of fin as to preserve the older Dipnéan condition.
The term retardation, so often used by Cope, expresses the facts of the
case far better than to say degeneration. This applies, however, so far
as we can see, only to individual development, beyond which embry-
ology, it must be admitted, does not afford anything more than hypo-
thetical clews,
80 FIN-RAYS IN CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES.
In many cases degradation of some structure has, however, certainly 4
occurred. A most notorious case of this kind is that of the Whales, which |
have lost their functional hind limbs. On investigating the condition —
of the vestiges* of these limbs we find that the skeletal parts have
actually been arrested, as to the extent of their development, at a point |
corresponding to an early embryonic stage, beyond which they fail to —
advance. We are now ready to ask where this curtailment of develop-
ment began, and we find that there is logically no way out of the diffi-
culty except to admit that the retrogressive metamorphosis must have —
begun after birth in each and every one of the series of individuals con-
stituting the race, because there could be no equilibration between ex-
trinsic forces on the one hand and intrinsic or organic forces on the
other as long as the foetus was protected and incapable of free move- |
ment in utero. I see no escape, therefore, from the conclusion that the
second sort of degeneration, designated by the word retardation for em- —
bryological reasons, has actually arisen in many instances through a |
very slowly acquired undoing of development or loss of parts through
an extended series of adults which have as slowly transmitted these
increments of loss or degradation, which so far as we can see is now
tolerably stable, though far less so than the development of functional
structures, as has been shown by the researches of Struthers.
The distinction between the type of degradation under aa and that
under bb is that in the first the atrophy or loss of a part is an ontogenetic
process, while in the other the degree of degradation of a part is ac-
quired and becomes fixed by hereditary transmission, and is therefore
presumably a phylogenetic process, because we see no evidence of any
gradual atrophy of such parts in the course of the ontogeny of the
animal.
Another illustration of the use of the method of embryology is found
amongst the Catfishes. The genus Noturus has the adipose dorsal fin
adnate andgontinuous with the caudal, while in the genus Amiurus there
has been a decided advance upon the former arrangement, for the
reason that in it the adipose dorsal is separated by a wide interval
from thecaudal. Amiurus, during its development, actually recapitulates
very closely the stage represented by Noturus, which indicates that the
latter is taxonomically lower in rank than the former. And justin this
instance we also have a very good illustration of a principle ot develop-
ment which ought to make anatomists cautious in the use of the word
“degeneration.” While I see no evidence whatever of degeneration in
Noturus, 1 do see very obvious evidence of arrest or retardation of
development of its adipose fin at a point corresponding to a transient
stage in Amiurus. That is to say, this fin in Noturus has been perma.
* Structures which are disappearing should be called vestiges. Structures which
are still imperfect but are appearing ought to be called rudiments. As itis, the word
rudiment is usually misapplied, so far as concerns its literal sense, when speaking of
‘rudimentary organs.” Such a distinction it seems to me is important. :
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 81
nently arrested and held at a certain point in the developmental scale of
Amiurus without any very obvious signs of concomitant atrophy. The
phylogenetic as well as ontogenetic modes of degeneracy are therefore
both obvious in the adipose dorsal of Amiurus, but neither mode is more
than faintly evident in that of Notwrus, where the fin in question is
large, and permanently, or almost perfectly, retains its embryonic pro-
portions.
The median fin-folds of the lowest Chordata, viz, Branchiostoma
and Petromyzon, are not supported by actinotrichia, but in the last,
especially, by dichotomous median cartilaginous rods wholly of meso-
blastic origin in the median tract. The Amphibia agree with them so
far as to have no actinotrichia, as far as known, in the median fin-folds
of the larva, and are without cartilaginous supports for the same parts.
Whether the actinotrichia have degenerated in these last or not it is
now impossible to decide, because if they are totally wanting, as they
seem to be, it is now quite impossible to prove that they ever existed in
their ancestors from any evidence based on now living species, unless the
fossil remains of this type may have preserved evidences of their pres-
ence in the older and presumably more fish-likeforms. If the Amphibia
arose from some generalized type which gave rise to the fishes also, or
to the most generalized of the latter, then it would seem not unreason-
able to expect to find traces of the most primitive of all the types of
fin-rays, namely, agtinotrichia, preserved in some of the Permian or
Carboniferous Amphibian remains.
A structure may, however, be completely suppressed, and for so long
a period in some forms that their development will no longer recapitu-
late the complete story of their phylogeny. This is illustrated for Phy-
sostomous as well as for Physoclistous forms in the genera Gambusia
and Hippocampus. Both of these last named genera have tended in
fact to revert very early to what I have called the archicereal stage,
the latter the most completely so of ali known fishes except, perhaps,
Chimera monstrosa and Gastrostomus.
With this I may conclude the presentation of the evidence in favor
of the use of embryological characters in the classification of fishes,
Such characters, it appears to me, may be used with just as much pro-
priety as any others; in fact with more, because the only possible way in
which the genesis or origin of any and all characters can ever be properly
understood is through a study of development. I have heard it stated
by systematists that embryological characters were of little or no value
in taxonomy; in fact I once thought so myself, but upon a wider ac-:
quaintance with the phenomena of development in certain groups I
believe | am warranted in saying that just in proportion as our knowl-
edge becomes more detailed and exact in reference to the small groups,
just in that proportion will we be able to avail ourselves of such char-
acters in taxonomy, and to appreciate exactly what is meant when we
— speak of degeneration or specialization,
Proc, N. M. 86-———6 August 26, 1886.
82 FIN-RAYS IN CLASSIFICATION OF FISHES.
It will be noticed that the results arrived at in respeet to the
taxonomic value of the characteristics of the development of the rays
of fishes of the different groups are essentially in eecord with the
views of the best American authorities on the subject. The results here
given re-enforce, it seems to the writer, in a remarkable way the views:
of Gill and Cope as to the systematic relations of the larger groups,
aud serve at the same time to indicate that the group Paleichthyes of
Giinther must be looked upon as a thoroughly unnatural assemblage
of forms.
See
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 83
ON FULGURITES.
By GEORGE P. MERRILL.
(With one plate.)
Numerous papers on this subject have from time to time appeared, the
more recent being those of Wichmann,* Diller, t and Rutley, ¢ the last
two treating principally of fulgurites formed on solid rock while the
first named describes both those formed on the soiid rock and the
tubular varieties formed in loose sand. The subject is by no means
anew one. The earliest notices I am able to find relating toit are those
given in the Transactions of the London Philosophical Society for 1790,
and in the papers of Fiedler and Gilbert in the Annalen der Physik for
1817 and 1819. Since then periodic papers have appeared in various
journals, not all of which I have had access to and concerning whose
contents I have to judge from notices given of them in subsequent pub-
lications.
So far as I am able to learn the most extensive notices regarding the
mode of occurrence of tubular fulgurites (those formed in loose sand)
are those given by Fiedler,§ Gilbert, Darwin, and Roemer, while the
chemical and microscopic side of the question, ‘hi at relating to the eom-
position and structuye of the resultant glass, is most fully discussed by
Gumbel, || Harting,** and Wichmann.tt
Unfortunately none of these gentlemen made complete chemical an-
alyses of the purely glassy portion of the fulgurite, and though their pa-
pers are full of interest as showing something of the actual composition
and structure of the glass, none of them give any information regard-
ing this composition relative to the sand in which they were formed.
The National Museum has recently received from Mr. Silas Stearns,
of Pensacola, Florida, Messrs. E. L. and A. N. Abbott, of Union Grove,
Whitesides County, Illinois, and Mr. C. T. Mason, of Sumter, South Caro-
lina, some very interesting fulgurites of the tubular variety, formed by
the lightning striking in loosesand. As these gentlemen furnished full
notes regarding the localities and mode of occurrence of these, I have
decided to publish in full what information I can glean from them, to-
gether with such notes on chemical tests as have been possible under
the circumstances, even at the risk of Huphesnee in part the work of
previous observers.
* Zeit. der Deut. Geol. Gesell., XXXV, p. 487.
tAm. Jour. Sci., XXVIII, 1884, p. 252.
{ Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., May, 1885, p. 152.
§ See bibliography at end of this article.
| Zeit. der Dent. Geol. Gesell., 1882, p. 647,
**Ann. de Mines, yol. VIII. 1825, p. 200.
tt Op. cit,
84 NOTES ON FULGURITES.
The tubes received from Mr. Stearns were two in number, each some
50 ™" in length and 10 ™™ in greatest diameter, tapering gradually
toward one end. One of these was still in the form of a cylindrical
tube, while the second was completely collapsed, so that its internal
walls were in contact. - Both were of very light gray color, with
numerous slight corrugations on their outer surfaces, bnt, with all,
smooth and glassy throughout, with no unfused particles sticking to
their outer surfaces, as is commonly the case. The tube walls are about
a half millimeter in thickness, and are pierced by numerous minute holes,
the edges of which are rounded from fusion. Interiorly the tubes are
brightly glazed, while exteriorly they are dull and somewhat rough.
Under the microscope, as noted by Diller,* they appear, for the most
part, of a perfectly clear and amorphous glass, with only here and
there a faint brownish stain from the presence of an iron oxide in the
sand. There are also a few remnants of unfused quartz grains em-
bedded in the glass, but they are not abundant. Concerning the oceur-
rence of these Mr. Stearns writes me as follows:
‘‘T had been noticing fragments of this peculiar substance (the ful-
gurites) among the sand dunes of Santa Rosa Island in this vicinity for
a long time, when in the fall of 1882 I discovered the solution of
the problem. Near the center of the island, at a point about 35
miles from Pensacola, and on the side of a sand hill, stood a small
pine tree that had not long before been shattered by lightning, and
about 40 feet away, on a low, level, and moist area, was a crooked
interrupted line of fwlgurite. One viewing the fragments from a little
distance could readily make out the path of the electric fluid as it came
from the tree. Upon leaving the low basin for the dryer sandy slope
beyond there were no traces of fulgurites to be found.
‘‘The hill upon which the tree stood is asand dune, formed, as usual,
of the very finest white (siliceous) sand. It had been long built, and
being somewhat protected from the winds by inner and outer rows of
dunes, had gathered a considerable vegetation in the form of stunted
trees, bushes, and coarse grass. The low part, or basin, was so situated
between the hills that a strong draft of wind always drew over it,
keeping the sand from filling it up. During the rainy season such
places are covered by 6 or 12 inches of water, and even in the dry
summer months they are rather damp, being very near the level of the
sea. * * * As to the space occupied by this particular phenomenon,
I would say that the pine was 35 feet in height, the distance from the
tree to the first fragment of fulgurite was 40 feet, interrupted in one
place by a knoll. A considerable quantity of the material was secured
when discovered, but it seems all but the pieces forwarded have dis-
appeared.”
A series of over fifty fragments of tubes were received from Messrs,
HK. L. and A. N, Abbott, some of which present very interesting features.
* Loc. cit., p. 253.
Maat ttt Na Sal Aa le oth agen tape “Ms nie
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 85
Like those from Santa Rosa, they were formed by the lightning striking
in loose sand, but while the inner surface was glazed the outer was
covered with a rough coat of grains of siliceous sand, iron oxides, and
organie matter, rendering the tube entirely opaque instead of trans-
lucent, as in the case already mentioned. The surfaces were also very
deeply corrugated, as will be noticed in the plate. With considerable
difficulty there were prepared some cross-sections of these, which were
subinitted to microscopic examination. The tube wall was found to be
1 or 2 millimeters in thickness, the inner portion of which consisted of
a true amophous glass, colorless or stained brownish in streaks, and in-
closing innumerable bubbles and a few black opaque grains, which are
probably iron oxides. Fully three-fourths of the tube wall is glass,
with a narrow margin of sand grains adhering to the outer portion by
means of the glassy cement. No such radial arrangement of elongate
bubbles as described by Wichmann and Gumbel* could be seen, neither
could I find such arrangement in a cross section prepared from other
fulgurites received from Sumter, 8S. C.t The sand in which they were
found was largely siliceous, with a few feldspathic grains and iron oxides,
together with a little organic matter. The following in regard to the
mode of occurrence of the specimen is from Mr. Abbott’s letter:
“The locality is the top of a sand knoll, and includes in area a spot
about 50 feet square. Besides the tubes there was found an irregular
mass, fused together, which would weigh several ounces. This mass
had no connection with anything else, for it had no broken edges.
The largest tube was about 34 inches in diameter, but the glassy lining
was so thin and fragile that no sections could be removed. The next
in size was about 2 inches across. This was convoluted and irregular
in section, giving it an appearance not unlike the rough bark of a tree.
* * * This fulgurite was traced into tbe sand 7 feet, increasing
somewhat in size from above downward. In common with all others
found, its course was nearly straight and vertical. On this and several
other of the specimens were found small flat branches running horizon-
tally for several feet. These were about one-fourth of an inch wide and
half as thick, the greater diameter being horizontal, and the longitudinal
hole being quite small and entirely absent toward the end, which ter-
minated abruptly. Of a different nature was a short branch on the
specimen, about the size and shape of a man’s thumb; this was inclined
slightly upward. A number of other fulgurites were found ranging in
diameter down to a quarter of an inch, but having the same general
features, except that they were more regular and cylindrical in section.
* * * QOne peculiar fulgurite was found having bulb-like enlarge-
* Op. cit., p. 852 and 648.
tThe gift of Mr.C.T.Mason. These last were very thick and strong, and were
stated by Mr. Mason to have been found while digging a well, at a depth of 20 feet
below the surface. The thickness of the glassy lining was in one case nearly 2™™,
These lacked the wing-like corrugations shown in the plate, but had more the knotted
appearance compared by Gumbel to that of stag-horns. ~
86 NOTES ON FULGURITES.
ments. The tube was about three-eighths of an inch in diameter and
the enlargements about three-fourths of an inch in diameter (see Fig.—),
and their distance apart about 4 inches. ‘They corresponded to the strati-
fication of the sand, and were without doubt caused by it.” (See Fig.
2 of plate.)
To ascertain the comparative composition of the glass and sand a
quantity of fragments were taken, and after pulverization and separa-
tion in the usual manner by the double iodide of mercury and potas-
sium solution, the glass, together with a portion of the sand in which
they were formed, was submitted to Professor Clarke, of the Geological
Survey, for examination, with the results given below:
|
glass. | Sand.
TenitiONs: waseciye ceca alas owas coe eak eile wae a se ale were lm tel totnietmtednfal ciel in pei fe=tnictal olin - 33 1.01
SOs ee semis 91. 66 84. 83
Fe03* AleOs. oe 6. 69 9. 88
CaO); .-2--c55 are eae eda . 38 1.16
MgO .... 12 .13
Bo = sores oie os See ew Sie Se Iie at le he eo meet fe tear era terete alee eet ater 73 1.13
NGS Dw Sere eerie ete yee ee os Ste Sete Sta oe a at ei eter ote wtaletarata eierateetatents mia eaters wate | 77 1.50
100. 68 | 99. 64
* Wichmann found the silica percentage of fulgurite glass from Senner Heide to be 96.44; from EI-
spect, 94.26; from Starezynon, 91.23. He does not give the composition of the sand in which they
formed (op. cit., p 854).
Harting gives the composition of the Elspect fulgurites (presnmably both fused and unfused por-
tions) as follows: SiOz, 90.2 per cent.; Al2Oz, 0.9 per cent.; Fe2O3, 0.7 per cent.; CaO, 0.1 per cent. ;
MgO, 05 per cent.; KO, 0.5 per cent.; NaO, 0.6 per cent.; Insvl.—HCl, 0.9 per cent.; carbonaceous
matter, 5.6 per cent. In the Annual Record of Science and Industry for 1874, p. 228, it is stated
that analyses of fulgurites made by Scholz showed them to consist essentially of ‘‘ carbonates of the
alkaline carths, about 85 per cent. being carbonate of lime and 11 per cent. carbonate of strontia.”’ (?)
The results being somewhat different from what was anticipated, and
fearing there had been some mistake, and that the sand was not the
same as that in which the fulgurite formed, | wrote again tothe Messrs.
Abbott, one of whom kindly visited the locality a second time and ob-
tained a further supply of material. He also visited another sand bank
about 1 mile distant, and obtained there also samples of both sand and
fulgurite. These last were very frail, about 1° in diameter, quite
cylindrical, and free from corrugations. Mr. Abbott states he does
not consider them ‘main tubes,” but as branches; moreover, they did
not pass perpendicularly into the sand, nor was their angle of dip con-
stant, but varied from a few degrees from the perpendicular at the sur-
face to within 10 or 15 degrees of the horizontal. The two branches
were about 2 rods apart, one dipping to the southwest and the other
almost to the east. F
These branches were followed down to distances of 3 cr 4 feet below
the surface, and samples of both fulgurite and the inclosing sand for-
warded to the Museum. Portions of these were pulverized as before
and separations made. Some difficulty was experienced in getting a
sufficient quantity of material for analysis, since, owing to the varying
specific gravity of different portions of the glass caused by the included
cavities, portions came down with the still unfused quartz kernels, while
others floated to the very last. Two precipitations were made and laid
stab
a Pe Act ae
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87
aside as of not sufficient purity, but the third was almost pure colorless
glass with only rarely a stain from iron oxides. This had a specific
gravity 2.197, and yielded Professor Clarke 95.91 per cent. of silica, while
the sand gave but about 90 per cent.
The results shown by the two analyses are peculiar, and at first
glance may seem difficult to account for. Had the lightning shown no
selective power the resultant glass would possess the same composition
as the sand in which it formed. Had it exercised such power one would
naturally expect those minerals which are, under ordinary conditions,
most fusible, 7. e., the feldspars and iron oxides, to be first acted upon,
and hence that the glass would approach them in composition.*
In the case in hand the reverse of this seems to have taken place, the
ordinarily infusible quartz having been most acted upon, while the other
constituents in large part escaped,t thus yielding a glass from 5.91 to
6.83 per cent. richer in silica and relatively poorer in potash, soda, lime,
iron, and alumina than the sand in which it formed. Conceding that
the results obtained are correct, and that the composition of the sand
examined is the same as when the fulgurites were formed, they may, per-
haps, be accounted for as follows : When the lightning strikes a hetero-
geneous mass, as a bed of sand, the various grains or particles compos-
ing it will become unequally heated in proportion to their conducting
powers, those substances which are the best conductors escaping with
least injury while the poorer conductors present so strong a resistance
as to become heated ever to the point of fusion, hence the composition
of the glass will depend upon the relative conductivity of the com-
ponents of the sand, regardless of their fusibility.¢
Accepting the above as correct, it follows as a legitimate conclusion
that the quartz grains composing the sand were poorer conductors of
the electric fluid than either the iron oxides or the feldspar. The sub-
ject of the relative conductivity of minerals has, however, been too lit-
tle investigated to afford reliable data for the confirmation or refuta-
tion of this.
The fulgurites from which the second silica tests were made were
very thin walled and fragile, with scarcely a trace of the convolutions
present in the larger forms. These also increased slightly in size from
above downward, but grew correspondingly thinner and more fragile.
This lack of corrugation even in so frail tubes I was at first inclined to
* “So far as observations have yet been made upon the production of fulgurite by
the fusion of a heterogeneous rock it appears that the amount of melting experienced
by each ingredient depends chiefly upon its degree of fusibility.” (Diller, op. cit.,
p. 258.)
tSo at least it would appear to the writer, rather than as suggested by Mr. Abbott
and others, that certain of the more basic substances had been volatilized by the ex-
treme heat engenerated. °
{ The extraordinarily brief duration of the flash and consequent heat would, it seems
to me, render it extremely improbable that any one mineral of comparative easy fusi-
bility served as flux and thus aided in reducing the more refractory, as suggested by
Wichmann and Harting.
88 NOTES ON FULGURITES.
believe to be due, as suggested by Mr. Abbott, to their having been
formed at such a depth below the surface that the compactness of the
sand prevented their collapsing. Further examination caused me to
doubt this for reasons to be noted later.
Accompanying the tubes were several small irregularly rounded
lumps of fulgurites without the tubular openings, resembling nothing.
more than as if a ladle of the molten matterhad been poured out upon
the ground and “ spattered,” as suggested by Mr. Abbott. The largest
of these was some 2°. broad, and 5 to 6™™. in thickness, and weighed
about 2$ grams. An average of four determinations on these blebs
gave a specific gravity of 2.07.
A thin section of the largest sample showed it to be completely amor-
phous, with only here and thereasmall grain of sand adhering to its outer
ee eek
surface. This glass is nearly colorless, with occasionally a brownish or —
yellowish stain from iron oxides, and carries many bubbles. In a few
instances what appears like fluidal structure was observed, but the
appearance was not as if any considerable portion of the mass had
moved, but rather as if the sudden expansion of a steam bubble had
pushed the still fluid or plastic material to one side, causing a local de-
velopment of very limited area. The size of this mass led me to look
with considerable care for the presence of products of crystallization.
None such, however, were observed, either in the isolated blebs or the
glass of the tube walls, my own observations agreeing in this respect
with those of Diller, Wichmann, and others.
The peculiar corrugations, or wing-like projections from the sides of
the tubes, I cannot (in company with Wichmann) believe to be due in
all cases to the partial collapsing of the tube through pressure from
without, but rather to inequalities in the sand, together with, perhaps, —
unequal contraction due to rapid cooling. I cannot conceive how press-
ure, however applied, could give rise to such peculiar forms which have
an appearance, as suggested by Darwin and Fiedler, closely resembling
a shrunken vegetable stalk or the bark of the elm or cork tree (Figs. 1
and 3). The fact that these, although usually extending in a direction
approximately parallel to the length of the tube, start out at any point
in such a very irregular manner, and occasionally at very nearly right
angles to the length of the tube, seems in itself a sufficient objection to
this idea. Is it not more probable that they are formed by the light-
ning’s following out the path of least resistance. causing the bore to be
enlarged here and contracted there in accordance with the conductibil-
ity of those portions through which it passed (and the amount of moist-
ure they contained), and that the small branches and wings, sometimes
mere points, are lateral offshoots? The absolute contact, in some cases,
of the inner walls of the wings, together with the fluidal structure ex-
tending from within outward, as noted by Wichmann, would, it seéms to
me, tend to prove that they are original structures, and in no way caused
by a subsequent collapsing. T fail, moreover, to see that we have any
grounds for expecting the bore of lightning to be evenly cylindrical,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89
although observations on this point are lacking. In this connection
Fig. 4 is of interest, being an accurate representation, natural size, of
the holes, made by lightning in a hollow copper ball or globe that
formerly surmounted a flag-staff on the Old Capitol Prison in this city,
but is now in the collection of the National Museum. Four holes were
made in all within a space of some 2 by 6 inches. Two considerably
larger than the others and more nearly circular in outline, while the two
smaller had the form shown in the cut. Their resemblance to the out-
line of a cross-section of some of the fulgurites is quite striking.*
On the whole, it appears to the writer that the irregularity in out-
line of the tubes near the surface is due to the exceeding energetic ac-
tion of the current during the first part of its course and the lack of
homogeneity in the conducting material. At greater depths, where the
force has been to some extent reduced and the sand is more compact
and homogeneous, the tube is therefore more nearly cylindrical. In
Fig. 1 it will be noticed the tube at the very top is about 12™™ in diam-
eter, but almost immediately enlarges to about 35™™, whence it again
gradually tapers off to a diameter (not including the wings) of about
10™™, This enlargement is not merely superficial, but the tube walls
remain approximately of a thickness throughout. In Fig. 2 the bulb-
like enlargement, which Mr. Abbott says corresponds to the stratifica-
tion of the sand, I find to be filled with a firm nearly white quartz
sand, with but a small hole or rift on one side, through which a portion
of the electric fluid seems to have passed without fusion, while the
whole inner wall of the bulb itself is glazed like the rest of the tube.
Another interesting fragment is 8 long and about as broad, and only
about 1°" in thickness. In this there is a single orifice at the top and
two at each corner of the bottom, the one at the lower left-hand corner
being the largest. Held to the light the fragment is found to be rid-
dled with small holes as though made by the point of a pin.
Aside from the interest on account of the peculiar form of the fulgu-
rites and the composition of the glass, the case is remarkable on
account of the number of specimens occurring in so limited an area,
Mr. Abbott stating that he found “several pairs or couples (of tubes)
situated only a few inches apart.” Concerning a similar occurrence at
Maldonado, Darwin expressed the opinion that the flash for some un-
known reason was divided into several branches prior to striking the
sand, rather than that the several bores were caused by distinct flashes.
Facts given concerning the Whitesides County tubes would seem to
show that while the closely adjoining ones may have been formed by a
single flash, yet throughout the region examined there were at least
three independent sets of tubes that must have required as many dis-
tinct discharges for their production.
*In each of these cases the fused copper has run back upon the outer surface of the
- globe, and the appearance of the hole itself is as though no other agency than that of
heat had been employed in their production,
90 NOTES ON FULGURITES.
. The cause of this frequent striking of lightning in similar situations
has been discussed by Dr. Fiedler and others in the papers noted below.
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE.—Since the above was written we have re-
ceived from Mr. 8. T. Walker, Milton, Florida, two fragments of ful-
gurite from that place. These are each some 65"™ in length by 10™™ in
greatest diameter, being both somewhat flattened. Exteriorly they re-
semble those from Sumter, South Carolina, lacking the deep corruga-
tions or wings, but being very rough and scoriaceous. The color varies
from gray to dull ferruginous red, while the glassy lining, which in some
places is 5"™ in thickness, is a dull lusterless black. Under the micro-
scope this lining displays the properties of a true glass beautifully
streaked with deep smoky brown. The many stean cavities show no
definite order of arrangement, though the smaller ones are often grouped
in dense aggregates, while the larger ones, often 1™™ across, are usually
single. These show a peculiar corona of brownish streaks and clouds as
if the coloring matter had been suddenly injected into the glass by the
development and bursting of the bubble. The glass, with the exception
of a few very minute faintly polarizing specks, is entirely black between
crossed nicols and shows no colors such as might be produced by stain
or partial crystallization.
The following is the bibliography of fulgurites so far as I have been
able to gather it from available literature:
WITHERING, WILLIAM. {On Fulgurites.]
Trans. Philos. Soc. Lond., 1790, p. 293.
Gives an account of the fusion of quartz pebbles by lightning at Aylesford,
England.
FIEDLER, Dr. K. G.
Ueber Blitzréhren und ihre Entstehung. Ann. der Physik, vol. 55, 1817, p. 121-
164. With two plates.
(Ein Nachtrag zu seinem Aufsatze tiber Blitzréhren in dieser Annalen J. 1817, S.
2, od. B. 55, $121). ITbid., pp. 235 to 248, and one plate.
Gives a very full account of the oceurrence and deseription of fulgurites at
Senner Heide, Nietleben, bei Halle, Drigg, and Aylesford, England. Discusses their
origin and composition.
Gives an account of fulgurites found at Rheine, and further discusses their ori-
gin. Mentions also the finding of fulgurites on the sand hills near Blankenburg,
in the Harz, and near Bahia, in Brazil.
GILBERT, Dr. L.
Noch einiges von den Blitzréhren. Ann, der Physik, vol. 61, 1819, pp. 249-262.
Gives a history of the finding of fulgurites by Pastor Hermann at Massel in
Silesia, in 1706 and 1707. Credits Hentzen with having first pointed out their
probable origin, and Fiedler with having first proven this in a satisfactory man-
ner. Also further describes the fulgurites from Bahia, Brazil, already noted by
Fiedler, and makes remarks on their origin. Describes also the fulgurites found on
elevated peaks of the Mexican Cordilleras by Humboldt.
Nachtrag zu dem Aufsatze von den Blitzréhren, 8. 262. Tbid., pp. 315, 316.
Brief note on the Mexican fulgnrites before mentioned.
Sur des tubes vitreux qui paraissent produits par des coups de fondre. Ann. de
chimie et de physique, vol. xxi, 1821, pp. 290-303.
A résumé of the subject up to 1821. Compiled mainly from the papers of Fied-
ler and Gilbert,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ol
Darwin, Cuarces. [TFulgurites from Maldonado, South America.
ie Voyage of H. M.S. Beagle, 1833, p. 53,54.
- Gives a detailed account of the occurrence and appearance of fulgurites found
by himself at Maldonado, South America.
FIEDLER, K. G.
Comptes Rendus, vol. 17, 1843.
Describes briefly a fulgurite found in a vineyard on the right bank of the river
Elbe.
Cope. [Fulegurite from Northfield Farms, Mass. }
Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxxi, 1861, p. 302.
A brief uotice of a fulgurite found by a Dr. Cobb, at Northfield Farms, Mass.
SAINTER. [Fulgurite from Macclesfield, England. ]
Geol. Mag., vol. ii, 1865, p. 368.
Describes briefly a fulgurite found in a bed of dry sand at Macclesfield, England.
HARTING.
Soc. Batav. Amsterdam, 1873, p. 13.*
Rose, G.
Zeit. der Deutschen Geol. Gesellschaft, vol. Ixv, 1873, p. 112.
A brief note on the fulgurites from Little Ararat, in Armenia, and Nevado de
Toluca, in Mexico.
Composition of fulgurites, Ann. Record of Sci. and Ind., 1874, p. 228. Gives a
note of the chemical composition of ee Taken from the Polytechnisches
Journal, cexi, 408.
HaRrTING.
Ann. de Mines, vol. viii,1875, p. 700.
Gives a description and the chemical composition of falprinite formed at Elspect
in 1872, and a brief résumé of the subject up to date.
ROEMER, F.
Ueber ein Vorkommen von blitzréhren, oder Fulguriten, bei Starezynow, un-
weit Olkutz, in Kénigreich Prussia. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, &c., 1876,
Pp. 3a.
Describes the occurrence and appearance of fulgurites found at Starezynow.
GUMBEL.
Ueber die Bildung der Stylolithen und iiber Fulgurite.
Zeit. der Deutschen Geol. Gesellschaft, xxxiv, 1882, p. 642.
Describes fulgurites from the Libyan desert between Dachel and the Ammon
Oasis, and considers them to be a true quartz glass.
WICHMANN, A. Ueber Fulgurite.
Zeit. der Deutschen Geol. Gesellschaft, xxxv, 1883, pp. 849-859. One plate.
Discusses the conclusions of Giimbel regarding the composition of fulgurites, and
proves by analysis that those of Senner Heide, Starezyuow, and Elspect are not
true quartz glass. Describes the microscopic structure of fulgurites formed in the
sand and on rock. One plate, with four figures.
Dinter, J. 8. On Fulgurite from Mt. 'Thielson, Oregon.
Am. Jour. Sci., vol. xxviii, 1884, pp. 252-258.
Describes in detail the structure, both micro- and macroscopically, of fulgurites
from the above locality, and gives results of complete chemical analysis. Also
mentions fulgurites formed in loose sand at Santa Rosa Island, Florida. Five
figures, showing microscopic structure.
Rutiey, F. On Fulgurites from Mt. Blanc.
Quar. Jour. Geol. Soc., xli, 1885, p. 152.
Describes the micro- and macroscopic structure and pyrognostic properties of
fulgurites asabove. One plate and five figures, illustrating microscopic structure,
*I have not seen this paper,
DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF BIRDS, SUPPOSED TO.
BE FROM THE INTERIOR OF VENEZUELA..
By ROBERT RIDGWAY.
The birds here described as probably new to science were found at-
tached to a bead belt belonging to the Ethnological Department of the |
National Museum, which was kindly submitted to me for examination |
by Prof. O. T. Mason, curator of that department. The origin of the |
belt was unknown, but it is supposed, judging from the birds whieh |
were suspended from it as ornamental appendages, to have come from |
some portion of the Upper Orinoco region, in Venezuela, or contiguous |
portion of the Rio Negro basin.
1. Pyroderus masoni, sp. nov.
Sp. CHAR.—Most like P. orenocensis Lafr., but plumage much darker }
beneath, the throat and jugulum nearly uniform dull brownish red, the |
breast and abdomen dark brownish chestnut.
Adult (type, No. 106,051, U.S. Nat. Mus.; locality and collector un-
known): Entire upper parts, sides of head and neck, chin, upper por-
tion of throat, and anterior portion of malar region (for .60 of an inch
backward from the malar apex), uniform deep black; flanks and lower
portion of abdomen duller black. Throat and upper portion of jugulum
nearly uniform “ dragon’s-blood” red, the feathers uniform ferruginous
beneath the surface; lower portion of jugulum (for the space of about
.75—1.00 inch) uniform dark ferruginous, bordered below by a band of
dull black, the feathers of which are broadly but indistinctly tipped —
with very dark ferruginous. Lower part of breast and greater portion
of abdomen uniform ferruginous-chestnut. Under wing-covets ferru-
ginous, some of the feathers with the inner webs slate-dusky. Bill dull
brown (in dried skin).
The specimen being without wings, tail, or feet, and the bill broken,
measurements cannot be given.
Another specimen (No. 106,050) is essentially similar, but has the red
of the throat and jugulum lighter and of a more rufous tint.
There being, apparently, no comparative diagnoses extant of the spe-
cies of this genus, and having at the present moment examples of all
of them before me, the following synoptical table of their distinctive
characters is presented for the convenience of the student :—
a. Gorget clear rufous-orange, the feathers tipped with bright scarlet.
b'. Breast and abdomen only very slightly mixed with ferruginous ; bill, from nos-
tril, more than Linch. Habitat—Brazil, south of the Amazon; Paraguay.
P. SCUTATUS (Shaw),
92
.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 93
e b?. Breast and abdomen largely mixed with ferruginous; bill, from nostril, less
than 1 inch, rather more compressed. Habitat—Columbia; Venezuela ?
le P. GRENADENSIS (Lafr.)
@. Gorget rufous, the feathers tipped with brownish red.
_ b'..Feathers of gorget abruptly tipped with brownish red; breast and abdomen
clear ferruginous. Habitat—Venezuela; Colombia?
P. ORENOCENSIS (Lafr.)
b?. Feathers of gorget indistinctly tipped with darker brownish red; breast and
abdomen dark ferruginous-chestnut. Habitat—Head-waters of Orinoco ?
. P. MASONI Ridgw.
The four forms characterized above appear to be divisible into two
groups, each apparently representing a distinet species, with two geo-
_graphicalraces. If this view of their relationship is correct, they should
stand, respectively, as follows: (1) P. scwtatus (Shaw); (2) P. scutatus
4 grenadensis (Lafr.); (3) P. orenocensis (Lafr.); (4) P. orenocensis masoni
Ridgw. The intergradation of P. scutatus and P. grenadensis is strongly
indicated, if not proven, by a specimen in the National Museum (No.
105,850), said to be from Venezuela, which is exactly intermediate in
coloration between a Brazilian example (No. 21,858) and one from Bo-
gota (No. 100,296).
2. Aulacorhamphus dimidiatus, sp. nov.
SP. CHAR.—Similar to A. atrogularis (Sturm), but with the bill very
much shorter, the gonys very little longer than the ramus of the man-
dible, instead of nearly twice as long, and black stripe along edge of
maxilla much broader.
Adult (type, No. 106,052, locality and collector unknown): Bright par-
_ rot-green, the lower parts inclining to glaucous-green; chin and upper
_ partof throat black, narrowly and rather indistinctly bordered posteriorly
by dull blue. Tail darker blue than the back, shaded with blue, and
each feather, except outer pair, broadly tipped with deep chestnut; un-
der tail-coverts bright rufous. Upper mandible deep yellow, tinged
with green on lateral portions; basal portion of culmen with a cuneate
blackish spot, and edge of the mandible, except at tip, marked with a
_ broad stripe of black, averaging about .15 of an inch wide, except at
the base, where the black extends upward nearly to the nostril; the
color along the edge of this black stripe, or where adjoining the yel-
_ low, decidedly green for the greater portion; base of upper mandible
with a marginal bar ef dull yellowish, abont .12 of an inch broad.
Lower mandible deep black, with a dull white basal margin, this about
oo of an inch wide at the broadest portion. Culmen, 2.25; gonys, 1.42;
ramus of lower mandible, 1.20 tail, 5.15, graduated for 2.40. (Wings
and feet wanting.)
Another specimen (No. 106,053) is, in general, similar, but has the
green above more tinged with olive, and the black on edge of upper
-mandible connected, near the base of the mandible, with the black spot
on sub-basal portion of the culmen; the latter marking is broader, and
rounded, iustead of pointed, anteriorly. Culmen, 2.20; gonys, 1.30;
rami of lower mandible, 1.25,
94 NEW BIRDS FROM VENEZUELA
STE ea
_ Myiopsitta lineola_(Cass.)? i
Three adults and one young of what is apparently this species, or one
very closely related, were found attached to the belt and removed.
The young example I am unable to distivguish satisfactorily from speci-
mens of the Mexican bird in the same stage, of which there are three
in the National Museum collection, but, unfortunately, no adults. The
type of Psittacula lineola Cass. appears to have been immature, since the
description agrees substantially with the presumed young in the Na-
tional Museum collection. I have endeavored to borrow the two speci-
mens mentioned by Mr. Cassin, but am informed that they cannot now:
be found in the Academy of Natural Sciences’ collection.
The points of difference between the adult and immature birds are as
follows: |
Adult: Upper tail-coverts yellowish green, heavily blotched with
black, the blotches decidedly longitudinal; middle pair of tail-feathers
wholly black for the exposed portion, or else with only a very little
green showing along the edge.
Young: Upper tail-coverts duller and less yellowish green, each
tipped with a small deltoid spot of black, having a transverse rather
than longitudinal direction ; middle pair of tail-feathers mostly green
for the exposed portion, the tip and a streak along the shaft only being
black. General plumage less vivid, with the black bars less distinct.
Differences are appreciable between the young bird of supposed
South American habitat and those from Mexico, but with only a single
specimen it cannot be determined to what extent the observed differ-
ences may be individualin character. They consist chiefly in the larger
size and generally darker coloration of the southern specimen.
.
+
%
-1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 95
ON AASTRELATA SANDWICHENSIS Ridgew.
By ROBERT RIDGWAY.
In “ Water Birds of North America,” vol. ii, p. 595, I referred, with
much doubt, to d’strelata hesitata (Kuhl), a Petrel from the Sandwich
Islands (No. 61259, U. S. Nat. Mus.; V. Knudsen, coll.), which appeared
to agree better in its characters with that species than with any other,
bat whose characters differed in so many respects from those ascribed
to d?. hesitata that I was led to suggest its probable specific distinet-
ness, and propose for it the name 47. sandwichensis.
Through the kindness of Mr. George N. Lawrence I have been able
to make a direct comparison between this specimen and the type of that
gentleman’s “Procellaria meridionalis,” generally conceded to be the
same as P. hesitata Kuhl, and have found them to be very distinet
from one another, as the following comparative diagnoses will serve to
show:
AY. hesitata. White of the neck almost meeting behind (sometimes
completely confluent); upper tail-coverts and basal half, or more, of tail
white; middle rectrices broad and rounded at tips. Culmen, 1.20;
depth of bill through base, .60; through angle, .52; through middle
portion, .40; tarsus, 1.38; middle toe, 1.80; wing, 11.50; tail, 5.25, grad-
uated for 2.00. Hab. Atlantic Ocean.
Af, sandwichensis.* White of neck confined to the anterior half (or
less); upper tail-coverts dusky for exposed portion, but abruptly white
beneath the surface ; extreme base only of tail white; middle rectrices
narrow, almost acuminate at tips. Culmen, 1.22; depth of bill at base,
.O7; through angle, .45; through middle portion, .40; tarsus, 1.35 ; mid-
dle toe, 1.55; wing, 11.70; tail, 5.80, graduated for 2.50. Hab. Pacific
Ocean (vicinity of Sandwich Islands).
Additional diffetences which hold good, so far as comparison with the
type of “ Procellaria meridionalis” is concerned, are the following: The
entire forehead is white, quite abruptly defined against the dusky of the
crown, Which reaches no further forward than on a line with the ante-
rior angle of the eve. (In * P.meridionalis” the forehead is spotted
with dusky medially quite to the base of the bill.) The bill is wholly
deep black (in “ meridionalis” the terminal half has a decidedly horn-
whitish or glaucous cast). The sides are sparsely marked with rather
broad, irregular, or zigzag bars of slate color (immaculate white in
‘“meridionalis”’).
There are so many points of discrepancy between the Procellaria me-
ridionalis of Lawrence and P. hasitata Kuhl, as described and figured
* Gstrelata sandwichensis RipGaw., in Water B, N. Am, ii. 1884, 395 (in text).
7 95
96 NEW PETREL FROM SANDWICH ISLANDS.
by various authors, that it may possibly prove to be a distinct species a
but in the absence of an opportunity for comparing it with specimens y .
of the latter I refrain from expressing an opinion in the matter.
ADDITIONAL NOTE.—Since the above was submitted for publication |
the writer has examined a good series of AZ. hesitata, and has been |
thereby led te adopt the generally accepted view of the specific iden-
tity of this species and Procellaria meridionalis Lawr. The latter rep-
resents a special phase, but whether an individual variation or depend-
ent on difference of age cannot at present be determined. Theseries in |
question removes all possible doubt as to the status of 4. sandwichen-
sis, but I now have a suspicion that the latter is the same as 4. phe-
opygia Saly. (Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. ix, part ix, May, 1876, p. 507,
pl. 88, fig. 1), from the Galapagos. At any rate, the two should be care-
fully compared.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 97
_ DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MOLE, DYMEC-
if ODON PILIROSTRIS, FROM JAPAN.
'% By FREDERICK W. TRUE.
Seven years ago, at the request of Prof. E. S. Morse, the authorities
- of the Boston Society of Natural History sent to the National Museum
‘< two specimens of mammals in alcohol, from Yenosima, at the mouth of
the Bay of Yeddo, Japan. The bottle in which they were contained
_ having been misplaced, they have remained unidentified until the pres-
— ent time. One of the specimens is a common house-rat, Mus decumanus ;
B the other is an insectivore belonging to a genus hitherto undescribed.
4 The latter specimen closely resembles Urotrichus talpoides in general
y appearance, but differs in dentition as well as in proportions---
4 Diagnosis.
‘i DYMECODON,* hew genus.
Z
: General appearance of Urotrichus. Dentition as follows:
soe he 1 to ae
Ale 5 C. i PM. 3 M. 3 X2=38. :
Anterior incisors broad, spatulate.
DYMECODON PILIROSTRIS, new species.
General appearance of U. talpoides: Tail vertebrze almost exactly
one-half the length of the head and body; with the hairs, two-thirds the
same length. Soles and palms entirely covered with scales ; snout with
rather long, fine, dark hairs.
General description.
The chief differences separating this animal from Urotrichus and Neiw-
rotrichus lie in the form and number of the teeth. The first superior
incisor is low and broad, and resembles the teeth of Phocena in appear-
ance. It is the broadest tooth anterior to the true molars. The second
incisor is nearly as large as the first, and resembles it in shape. The
third incisor is very small—about one-fourth the size of the first. The
crown is simple and rounded. The canine resembles the third incisor
in size and shape. The first premolar is intermediate in size between
the first and second incisors, and is conical and pointed. The second
premolar is smaller than the second incisor, and rounded. The third
premolar and the true molars are as in Urotrichus.
SSS OO eS
*Teeth of two lengths—from 6vo, two; unnos, length; 65005, tooth. Refers to
the alternation of large and small teeth in the lower jaw.
Proc. N. M. 86 7 September 2, 1886.
98 NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF MOLE.
’ The anterior lower incisor is like the first upper incisor in form and
Shape. The second approaches the first in size, but is procumbent and
bears a triangular accessory cusp posteriorly. The canine is minute
and simple. It is procumbent, as are also the premolars. The first
premolar is larger than the first incisor and bears a rounded accessory
cusp posteriorly. The second is small and simple. The third is the
largest tooth anterior to the true molars. It has a prominent posterior
accessory cusp. The molars resemble those of Urotrichus.
The snout is covered with short dark hairs like those of the body. The
soles and palms are entirely scaly throughout. The tail is half as long
as the head and body, and is well clothed with hairs about 7™™ long. Its
scales, as well as those of the feet, are dark-brown. The hair of the
body is about 5™™ in length, of a dark-brown color, with strong green-
ish metallic luster in reflected light.
Measurements of alcoholic specimens.
15291. 13713. 10717.
Measurements. Dymecodon Urotrichus Neiirotrichus
pilirostris &. talpoides 9. | Gibbsii $ juv.
ee ;
| mm. | 100ths. | mm. | 100ths.| mm. | 100ths.
Length of head and pay Pianta Ae jetotolarayan ines ele oa 66 | 100.0 80 100. 0 53 100. 0
Length of tail vertebre. - Bee See ete eet eee 35 53 34 42.5 33 62.2
Length of tail with Rita Meteo seieen ck ee eee 45 68. 2 42 ! 52.5 38 atom
Extremity of snout to eye ......-.--..----2ss-eee0e- 16] 227| 17 | 2195] 18 |s Sle 5
Extremity of snout to ear (anterior angle) ...--..---- 25 37.9 28 35. 0 2 «| 39. 6
Fore foot with claws .- eee 11 16.6 TZ) ond. 10 | 19.0
Length of longest claw .. 4. (665i 4 5.0 3.5| 66
Hind foot with claws .-... 15] 22.7 17 _ | 21.25 14 | 26.4
Length of longest claw .-- seen 3 | 4.6 2.5 | 3.25 3.5 6.6
Length of auricular opening ....-.....-..-----.----- Ao Gel | 5.5! 6.9 3.0 | 5.6
In dentition Dymecodon most closely approaches Neiirotrichus, but
has an additional premolar on each side of the upper jaw. The thick,
well-clothed tail resembles that of Urotrichus.
The genus is described from a single alcoholic specimen, No. $3234,
from Yenosima, at the mouth of the Bay of Yeddo, Japan.
WASHINGTON, December 23, 1885.
- 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 99
REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
By LEONHARD STEJNEGER.
I.—_THE WOODPECKERS.
(With a colored plate.)
When Capt. Thomas Blakiston two years ago presented his magnificent
collection of Japanese birds to the United States National Museum he
also had the kindness to place his manuscript notes and catalogues in
the hands of the present writer, for the purpose of publishing a com-
plete hand-book of the ornis of Japan.
It is my intention to write a comprehensive and reliable guide to
Japanese ornithology, with ample descriptions of all the known forms,
from original Japanese specimens. At first it was thought that the ma-
terial at my disposal, consisting of the collections of Blakiston and
Jouy, would be sufficient for the purpose. During the progress of my
investigations, however, I found that much more is needed, if the work
shall have any claim to completeness.
Formerly it was sufficient to know that a bird was from “‘ Japan.” If
the description of a Japanese species was found to fit a Japanese specimen
approximately, the latter was identified as that species without further
- comparison. If the original specimen was described from Nagasaki,
- and the second one, believed to be the same, came from North Yesso,
_ the habitat of the species was given as embracing the whole of Japan.
' The first collections were made in the southern part, in the island of
Kiusiu, and the new forms deposited in the museum in Leyden and
_ described by Temminck. The next collections of any importance, viz,
; those of Blakiston and Whitely, were made at the northern extremity
of the Empire, in the neighborhood of Hakodadi, and went to England.
.
g
:
;
It was taken for granted that the species from the north were identical
with those from the south. On the other hand, when, later on, forms
similar to those occurring in Yesso were discovered in the Middle Island,
or Hondo, as it should now be called, they were unhesitatingly referred
to the same species. During his second sojourn in Japan, however,
Captain Blakiston discovered that many Siberian forms were found only
in Yesso, while, on the other hand, numerous species inhabiting Hondo
never crossed the Tsugaru Strait regularly, and furthermore, that sev-
eral representative forms occur on both sides of this strait which forms
a zoogeographical line separating the Siberian and Manchurian sub-
regions, and which has fitly been termed ‘ Blakiston’s line.” Most of
the identifications of the specimens collected by him were made by
eo
6
100 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Swinhoe, however, many important forms being overlooked or misunder-
stood, and it is but fair to state that Mr. Blakiston himself was aware
of many of these distinctions, neglected by the British ornithologist,
as sufficiently proved by numerous notes in his manuscripts. He has
also hinted at the line Owari-Tsuruga being a dividing line separating
off zoogeographically the southwestern part of Hondo, but this is as
yet a hypothesis, the collections from the portion of Hondo in question,
which have reached ornithologists, being too small and sporadieal to
allow of any sure conclusions.
A careful comparison of the Blakiston collection, which consists
chiefly of specimens from Yesso, with the fine collections from the
central part of Hondo, sent home by Mr. P. L. Jouy, has made it
clear to me that there is a much greater diversity between the birds
from the different parts of Japan than has hitherto been supposed.
But in such a case it is necessary that large series of birds from all
parts of the country be brought together before its ornis can be
satisfactorily treated of. Notwithstanding the excellent work done so
far, our knowledge of Japanese ornithology is only fragmentary, for
not only are the northern and southwestern parts of Hondo, as well
as the large island of Shikoku, nearly unexplored, but the entire
western slope of Hondo, that is, the whole portion of it which faces the
Sea of Japan, is a complete terra incognita, ornithologically speaking.
If we take into consideration the great difference in the climate between
the eastern and the western shore of this great island, we must concede
that we have no right to conclude that a species also occurs on the
western side, opposite the locality where it has been collected on the
eastern shore.
American ornithologists will not wonder at hearing that species apt to
break up into local forms have done so in a group of islands which in
extent corresponds to the coast from the Gulf of California to Vancouver
Island, or from the southern extremity of Florida to Nova Scotia, with a
variation of climate fully as great as that of the two last-mentioned
localities; with high mountain ranges, and studded with voleanoes
eight thousand to twelve thousand feet high; with a vegetation “one of
the richest and most varied on the globe,” characterized in the south
by the bamboo, the rice, the mulberry tree, and the tea-plant, while in the
north the firs form extensive forests. and with ‘ta temperature ranging
from the almost Siberian winters of Yesso to the tropical heats of Kiu-
Shiu,” it would indeed be an extraordinary phenomenon, and quite re-
verse to what takes place in other countries of similarly varying condi-
tions, were the birds of Japan uniform all through that empire.
The trinominal system of nomenclature cannot be applied in most
cases, inasmuch as the intermediate localities are as yet unexplored,
and may yield intermediate forms. Itis my principle to admit trinomi-
nals only where intergradation is unquestionable, and, hence, for the
present, I chiefly apply binominals. As to the necessity of distinguish-
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 101
ing allied forms, be the difference ever so slight, I may simply refer to
what I have said on several other occasions.*
On account of this unsatisfactory state of things, I have resolved to
publish preliminary reviews of some of the most perplexing groups in
order to solicit specimens and advice from fellow ornithologists, and to
induce those who have the opportunity to attempt the solution of some
of the questions, if possible, in the field. My remarks should be regarded
and criticized as tentative essays, and their conclusions as merely hypotheti-
cal and provisional.
Ornithologists interested in Japanese ornithology are therefore earn-
estly requested to assist in gathering a material that will enable me to
satisfactorily fulfill the task of writing a complete hand-book of the Jap-
anese ornis. The United States National Museum is willing to procure
by exchange specimens necessary for elucidating the fauna, and such
examples which the owner is unwilling to part with, will be returned as
soon as possible, without expense to him. The present writer is also
willing to identify any collection of Japanese birds which may be sub-
mitted to him for inspection, and due credit will always be given for
any favor rendered. He is also desirous of obtaining all publications,
even the smallest notice, relating to the birds of Japan, and offers in
exchange his own publications as far as the supply reaches, or such
publications of the Smithsonian Institution and the National Museum
as may be desired.
All packages and specimens should be addressed to the Smithsonian
Institution ; books, letters, and other communications, to the writer.
The Code of Nomenclature adopted by the American Ornithologists’
Union is adopted. The number in parenthesis in front of the names re-
fers to Blakiston and Pryev’s list (1882), from which are also derived the
Japanese names. All references are verified by myself unless the num-
ber of the page or plate is included in parenthesis. The measurements
are in millimeters unless otherwise stated.
-OrvER PICARIA.
Six families of Picarians have representatives in Japan. The differ-
ent forms known to occur there may be referred to their respective
families by means of the following artificial key:
«. Secondaries nine or more, much longer than the primary coverts.
b!. First primary longer than secondaries.
CeeEwiolbocsy behind smn wOlMmMtnOm base soe seamen neler nase Siete lala leleisialer= ci CUCULID.
e. One toe behind, three in front.
d'. Anterior toes not soldered together.
el, Anterior toes at base united by a pliable membrane; middle claw pecti-
MALE cece eieerae ER cie erate = once cherie ech eee CAPRIMULGIDA,
e. Anterior toes free to the base; middle toe not pectinated.CORACIADID.
*Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VII, 1884, pp. 78-80. Res. Ornith. Explor. Kamtsch., pp.
345-348.
102 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
d?, Anterior toes soldered closely together for the greater part of their length
(syndactylous)!scc- oe ecmce ce a atS = eye tists Sete ee eee ALCEDINID&.
b?. First primary much shorter than secondaries.
csLhree toésain trontss52 3. es. wae al ee 6 is ia ne asec ee eee Upupip2.
Ca wotoesiniironte.c0.8 sb. ase seece saee ee ees aoe eee ae PICcIDz.
a>, Secondaries not more than seven, much shorter than the primary coverts.
MICROPODID.
By taking anatomical characters into consideration a more natural
classification may be obtained (ef. L. Stejneger in Stand. Nat. Hist., IV,
1885, pp. 371 seqv.):
a}, Ambiens muscle present (superfamily Cuculoidew) .....--------------- CUCULID2.
a?, Ambiens muscle absent.
b!, Semitendinosus muscle present.
ec}, Deep plantar tendons synpelmous.
d', Dorsal feather-tract furcate between the shoulders (superfamily Coracia-
doidea).
@2.) Ven tall feaghers. hs. toa ae Cee ee eee wee eee te CAPRIMULGID&.
e2) Twelve tailteathers co so ras cia soe re eee ce een CORACIADIDZ.
d*. Dorsal feather-tract simple between the shoulders (superfamily Alcedinoi-
EC) ee eae Sees eet ees Peg oe ie a Rene ee ee ALCEDINIDZ:,
c?, Deep plantar tendons schizopelmous (superfamily Upupoidea).- --- - - UPUPID&.
ec’. Deep plantar tendons antiopelmous (superfamily Picoidew) ---. .----- PICIDZ.
b?. Semitendinosus muscle absent (superfamily Vicropodoidew) -.... MICROPODIDZ.
Famity PICID.
The family of Woodpeckers may be divided naturally into two sub-
families, the Wrynecks and the Woodpeckers proper, the Japanese forms
of which may be easily distinguished as follows:
Jyngine : Tail-feathers soft, rounded at the ends.
Picine: Tail-feathers stiff, pointed towards the ends.
SUBFAMILY JYNGIN Al, WRYNECKS.
JYNX Linn.
=1758.—Jynx Linn., 8. N. 10 ed., I, p. 112 (type J. torquilla).
=1760.—Torquilla Brisson, Ornith., IV, p. 3 (same type).
=1766.—Yunx Linn., 8. N. 12 ed., I, p. 172 (emend.).
—=1800.—Jynx RETz1us, Fauna Suecica, p. 100 (emend.,).
=1854.—Junx REICHENBACH, Hand). Spec. Ornith., p. 431 (emend.).
=1863.—Junx CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., IV, p. 4 (emend.).
(174) Jynx torquilla LINN.
Wryneck. Arisu.
1758.—Jynx torquilla LINN., S. N., 10 ed., 1, p. 112.— Yung t. Linn., S. N., 12 ed., 1, p. 172
(1766).—TEMM., Man. @’Orn., 2 ed., m1, p. lij. (1835).—TEMM. & SCHLEG.,
Fauna Jap. Aves (p. 75) (1849).—Buiakist., Amend. List. B. Jap., p. 47
(1884).—Jynax t. SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1884, p. 180.
1826.— Picus jynx PALLAS, Zoogr..Ross. As., I, p. 416.
1831.—Jynx arborea BREHM, Handb. Vée. Deutschl., p 203.
1831.—Jynx punctata BREHM, Handb. Vig. Deutschl., p. 203.
" 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 103
fF 1850.— Yunx japonica BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, p. 112.—SWINHOE, Ibis, 1874, p. 162.—
Buak. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 229.—Tid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., vit, 1880, p.
209.—Jid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 136.
1355.—Jynx major BREHM, Naumannia, 1855, p. 274.
1866.—Jyna torquilla forma septemirionalis SUNDEVALL, Consp. Picin., p. 108.
1866.—?Jynx torquilla forma meridionalis SUNDEVALL, Consp. Picin., p. 108.
Bonaparte originally separated the Japanese Wryneck, as Yunx ja-
-ponica (Consp. Av., I, p. 112), from the western J. torquilla, on account
of its alleged much smaller size and lighter colors. Swinhoe also insists
that the eastern bird is smaller (P. Z. 8., 1863, p. 267; 1871, p. 393;
Ibis, 1874, p. 162). Sundevall, on the other hand, says that the Japan-
ese specimen in the Leyden Museum (the type of Bonaparte?) appar-
ently differs in no respect from a,German specimen, but he divides the
species in two “forms,” a northern and a southern one, those breeding
in the north being apparently paler and less yellowish than those pass-
ing the summer in the south.
The material at my disposal is too scanty to allow of any sure conclu-
sions, and I very much regret that our museum possesses no specimen
of this common bird from Japan. Iam especially unable to decide as to
the size of the eastern bird. According to Captain Blakiston’s MS.
notes, all the five specimens which he collected in Yesso (males and
females, in April and May) had the wing 80™™ long, a measurement
considerably smaller than the average of European birds as given be-
low, viz, 85™™, and still more so if he when measuring flattened the wing
by pressing it against the scale; but a specimen from Canton, on the
other hand (ef. table below), agrees in size pretty well with the western
examples.
As to the alleged deeper coloration of the southern specimens my
series tends to corroborate Sundevall’s view, but inasmuch as the
data concerning localities and dates of my specimens are vague or en-
tirely missing, the evidence is quite unsatisfactory. The four last birds
of the series measured below are suffused with a much stronger wash
of yellow, which makes them separable from the rest at the first glance,
but the measurements are practically identical with those of the pale
birds.
Judging from Bonaparte’s original description and Sundevall’s re-
marks, quoted above, the Japanese bird belongs to the paler form, which
is the typical J. torquilla. The Wryneck is known to breed in Yesso,
and is also recorded as inhabiting Hondo and Kiusiu, but whether
breeding in the latter I think is rather doubtful. Of course, the ex-
istence of the pale specimens from Nagasaki may prove nothing beyond
the fact that this form migrates through Nagasaki on its way
ward or northward. Butif the Wryneck breed in Southern Japan,
if the dark form is separable as J. torquilla meridionalis, the occurrence
of the latter in Kiusiu would not be surprNihg. This only as a ques-
tion and asuggestion to local ornithologists, and I shall feel much obliged
for any material which will throw light on the subject.
S
104 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Measurements.
: 5 |aig Oe |
35 S| YB el. | ean
Ay ao : [hese lale| He |
“as Collector. | 3 Locality. Date. || s 5/3 | op ‘Remarks
a | | | Fie |el8 | as |
bm | aytieg | __ (Fie |4|e | 43)
77786 | H. Gitke...| gad. Heligoland, Germany...| Apr., 1877| 87| 60 | 12|19| 16 | Pale.
OISS) | eanee ee ctise-| gad.) Nurnberg, Germany .-- LOR) | S77) boi Ta 20 ee Do.
105398 | Tschusi .-- | fg. ad.| Pirano, Istria.-..--..-..- Apr. 5,1882} 80 | 65 | 11 | 19 17 Do.
A05H02 92 = do see Old WAUESURIE ete one eee Apr. 5,1882| 88 | 63 | 12|20] 18 Do.
56740 | Schliiter....! 9 ad.| Saxony, Germany..-...-.].-----.---- ~=-1 82,| 62 | 12 |.-2.)-.--.. Do.
96533 | Whitely..-.| ..ad.| England ................ ApE:; -. 1863)) 85: | 620 F2") 19aeecees Do.
QSOS ee eres bcs dad.| Canton, China .....:-.-. Nov. SoM Gi: |ploales aleceeiee Dark.
37763 | Tristram .-.| fad.) Mt. Carmel, Palestine...| Apr. 22, 1864} 85 | 62 | 11 | 21 }.----. Do.
PRTOe aes tees ae dad.) Muropelesssssee-= o- teen pee ae Peres 84 | 61 |}. -:) 20 18 Do.
MO eemere mals ore amie e@radt tenance OO: 3. cetece ees roe aaeeereeee 86 | 64 | 13 | 20 |...... Do.
Average measurements of nine Western specimens. ..----.--. 85 | 63 | 12 |
SUBFAMILY PICINAS, WOODPECKERS.
SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OCCURRING IN JAPAN.
«. Gonys much shorter than half the commissure; lateral ridge of bill very close to
culmen, rather obsolete anteriorly; color, green, with or without red-....--.
Picus, p. 104.
«. Gonys not shorter than half the commissure; lateral ridge of bill more distant
from the culmen, anteriorly reaching nearly or quite to the tomium; color,
black, or black and white, with or without red.
b!. Gonys equals half the commissure ; outer hind toe shorter than outer fore toe ;
neck slender, elongated ; lateral ridge of bill at base nearer the culmen
Phat e OMIM Sere cre ce Serials Seton See eee Dryocopus, p. 123.
b?. Gonys longer than half the commissure ; outer hind toe longer than outer fore
toe; neck not slender, and shorter ; lateral ridge of bill at base nearer the
tomium than the culmen.
c!, Gonys distinctly angular and ridged .......---.....-...--.- Dryobates, p. 108.
ce. Gonys not angular nor ridged). 2 5-22 2-2. ona Yungipicus, p. 120.
PICUS LINN.
< 1758.—Picus Linn., 8. N., 10 ed., 1, p. 112.—J/d., S. N., 12 ed., 1, p. 173 (1766), (type P.
viridis L., ef. Mus. Hein., Iv, p. 30, note).
= 1828.—Colaptes BREHM, Isis, 1828, p. 1274 (same type), (nec. Sw. 1827).
< 1831.—Gecinus Born, Isis, 1831, p. 542 (same type).
< 1837.— Brachylophus SwWAINson, Classif. B., 1, p. 308.
<_ 1849.—Chloropicos MALHERBE, Mém. Acad. Metz, 1849-1850, p. 348 (same type).
<_ 1850.—Chloropicus MALHERBE, Nouv. Classif. Pic., 2 ed., Sept., 1850 (emend. ).
= 1862.—Gecinetes ALTUM, Bericht xiv Ornith. Vers., p. 36 (emend.).
SYNOPSIS OF THE JAPANESE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PICUS.
a’ Cervix: and malar stripe'red- -- 228.2 /si nea sie ee soe bean Soe eee P. awokera.
@?.\/No red’ on cervix: nor ommalar stripe wil. 025225 LSet cel) ee ates ne P. jessoensis.
The Japanese species may be distinguished from allied species of the
adjacent regions as follows:
' 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 105
Puen eh eT IL © Meta am yaa alse aati aol =m mlm P. awokera, Japan.
a®. Malar stripe black.
b!. Occiput and hind neck grayish or greenish the former sometimes streaked with
black.
e'. Occiput and sides of head tinged with green -.--...-.---. P. jessoensis, Japan.
ec. Occiput and sides of head gray, not tinged with green ...--...---.--------
P. perpallidus, N. China? Manchuria.
db, Occiput and middle of hind neck black.
el, Pileum solid black, not streaked with gray.... P. tancola, Formosa, 8. China.
cue pileumrsireaked wath) oray -262 2-)4)ss-n)- snes n oem nn sale oe P. guerini, China.
(173). Picus awokera TEMM.
Japan Green Woodpecker. _ Awo-gera.
‘
_ 1836.—Picus awokera TEMMINCK, PI. Color. IV, livr. 99, pl. 585 (the plate erroneously
inscribed ‘‘ Pic kizuki.”—Gecinus a? TEMM. & SCHLEG., Faun. Jap. Av. (p.
72, pl. xxxvi), (1849).—BuakisT. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 229.—Iid., Tr. As.
Soc. Jap., vim, 1880, p. 208.—Tid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 136.—BLakisr., Chrysanth.,
Febr., 1883, p. . —Id., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 46 (1884).—Jouy, Pr. U.
# S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, p. 308.
—-1866.— Picus avokera SUNDEVALL, Consp. Picin., p. 60.
' This species, peculiar to Japan south of Yesso, is rather strongly
i marked and can be confounded with no other form. The male in its
F head-markings somewhat resembles P. viridis and its allies, but the sides
of the head are gray and not suffused with green, as in viridis. The
_ two Japanese Green Woodpeckers consequently differ in a reverse way
_ from their European allies, the Japanese P. jessoensis being a green-
headed P. canus, while P. awokera is a kind of gray-headed P. viridis.
The female, however, is very different from the female of P. viridis,
as the upper part of the head is gray, marked with black in the middle,
and the upper part of the cervix only is red; furthermore, the mous-
tachial stripe is red, as in the male.
In the collection sent home by Mr. Jouy I find a young female (U.S.
Nat. Mus. No. 91429, Jouy, No. 703, Tate Yama, Hondo, October 19,
1882.) The differences from the adult female are only slight. The
upper part of the head is gray, with narrow blackish margins to the
feathers, but no medial blackish patch; the red on the cervix and the
; moustache is less brilliant and somewhat smaller in extent; the breast
is grayer and slightly suffused with reddish, and the yellow tinge of the
abdominal region less intensive; the black cross markings on the pos-
terior half of the lower surface commence higher up on the breast.
No. 91575 (Yokohama, April 6, 1883, Jouy) is a male which differs con-
siderably from the two other males in the collection. The whole back
is gray, with a very faint wash of greenish gradually increasing towards
the rump; the cross markings on the under surface run farther forward,
and the breast shows a faint wash of reddish, like the young female de-
seribed above. On the whole, I am inclined to regard this specimen as
a bird of the foregoing year.
eS a
eas
ey
ST
106 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Measurements.
z ; : ; jae
a % | | g | | | 28
ee 3 a g 0
+o | Collector and op = rate Te Te aa
£2 No. z Locality. Date. ete g | a | 3
x ‘ Elal@|é ig
S | 2 Ene nse | A ide
= Fit. lop al oe ee Se
91430 | Jouy, 752...... | Sat a Tate Yama......--- Nov. 2, 1882 - 142 96 33 27 | 21
96008 | Blakist., 2661 -| gi ad..-.| Yokohama -.------- Deck stseaecios 139 | 101 30 26 | 21
91575 | Jouy, 1051 . 1 chinese | ome One accent eens ae 6, 1883. 142 98 32 27 | 22
91428 | Jouy, 699...... 9 ad....| Tate Yama......--.| Oct. 17, 1882 ...| 142 96 30 25 21
91429 | Jouy, 703...... Q jun...|.... donee eet es Oct. 19,1882 ...| 137] 90] 30 | 26! 20
|
(172) Picus canus jessoensis subsp. noy.
Yesso Green Woodpecker. Yama-gera,
1862.—Gecinus canus BLAKIST., Ibis, 1862, p. 325.—Jd., Chrysanth., 1882, p. 473.—Id.,
ibid., 1883, p. 28.—/7d., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 28 (1884).—WHITELY, Ibis,
1867, p. 195.—SwinHOE, Ibis, 1875, p. 451.—Biaxist. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p.
229.—Tid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., Vint, 1880, p. 208.—Jid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 136.
Diaen.—Similar to Picus canus viridi-canus (MEY. & WOLF), but the whole head
strongly tinged with green, and the under surface lighter and clearer; black streaks
(in the male) on pileum and occiput longer.
Typr.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 91538. °
‘Haxs.—Apparently confined to the island of Yesso, Japan.
The so-called Gray-headed Green Woodpeckers have hitherto been
considered a very homogeneous species, and no attempt has apparently
been made to distinguish its subspecies.
The material at my command, however, shows considerable difference
between the specimens from distant localities. European specimens
exhibit two different styles, which agree in having the head gray; but
in the specimens from Norway, the true and typical P. canus, the gray
of the head is considerably darker, and so is the gray ground color of the
whole body, causing the green to appear duller and darker. The birds
from Germany are considerably lighter throughout, and in the males
the streaks on top of the head behind the red patch seem to be more
developed. There is an admixture of brown which makes the green
somewhat olivaceous and the yellow of the rump inclining to saffron-
1 shall designate them as Picus canus viridi-canus. The ground-color
of the Japanese specimens is still lighter, and, consequently, their whole
coloration is clearer, but the green and yellow per se are also brighter
and purer, without admixture of brownish. The chief character of this
form, however, is the strong suffusion of green on the head. So strong
is this green tinge that it is a decided misnomer to call the Japanese
form a “‘ Gray-headed Green Woodpecker.” Indeed, itis more “ green-
headed” than many a P. viridis, only that the green is of a different
tint, not being as yellow as in the latter species. In the European ex-
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 107
amples there is a just perceptible shade of greenish on the top of head
and middle of hind neck, but the sides are decidedly gray. Not so in
the Japanese representative, in which the green color not only pervades
the sides of head and neck, besides being very much stronger, but also
faintly tinges the whitish throat and chin. Swinhoe remarks (I. ¢.) that
the Japanese specimens he examined had small bills. Such a distine-
tion seems not to hold, as is apparent from the table of measurements
appended.
That the differences pointed out above are not due to individual vari-
ation seems clear from the great uniformityin the specimens from each
locality. Unfortunately but few of them are dated, but as all of them
are in perfect plumage (especially the tails) they can safely be assumed
to be practically in corresponding plumage, and the differences cannot
be due to season.
The Gray-headed Woodpeckers inhabiting the intermediate region
‘may be expected to show additional variation of this species, as there
is no lack of indications in the literature that some Siberian specimens
are unusually gray, and Dresser speaks of an aberrantly colored speci-
‘men from Southern Russia in Lord Lilford’s collection (B. of Eur., v, p.
96).*
_ I may further remark that the dull-colored specimens from Norway,
alluded to above, are from the rainy west coast. It would, therefore,
not invalidate the conclusions here set forth, if it should be found that
specimens from eastern and southern Scandinavia agree better with the
Central European race.
It would be very interesting to know, if the Gray-headed Woodpeck-
ers in Spain, in the Balkan Peninsula and in Caucasus show any differ-
ences from those of Northern and Central Europe. The homes of Picus
sharpti, P. saundersi, and Dryobates lilfordi may justly be expected to
foster recognizable races of P. canus.
,
* A specimen from the mainland opposite northern Japan (received after the above
had been submitted for publication) is very different from P. jessoensis from the latter
country. It is pale-gray-headed, with gray forehead, and altogether the whole plum-
age is strongly pervaded with gray, without any brown admixture, resembling most
closely the Norwegian true P. canus, but very much paler and with a decided white
‘superciliary spot. The yellow on the rump is very restricted, being chiefly confined.
to the upper tail-coverts and of a clear lemon yellow. The type of this form, which
Idesignate as Picus canus perpallidus, isa 3, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 108897. It was col-
lected at Sidinij, Ussuri, November 25, 1884, by Mr. I. Kalinowski. The dimensions
are as follows: wing, 144™™; tail-feathers, 96™™; expos. culmen, 35™™,
108 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Comparative measurements.
oO os a e OE :
PAM Eh Cig vagal | gla| |S8/4
a 1% K 2 a\ wo) 2 |g
86 6 : Fy cP Nea
2 | ee 25, g coe ee ee eho 8 a |e
‘ . 2 a = D 3 3
2 mM =| i & = a m =P = £
Sissi S B Elajalal4Fiale
| | 1882.
jessoensis ..| 91538) Blak. 3125.|(¢) ad-| Sapporo, Japan pee 14} 144] 93] 33] 25] 21 bi Type
96606) Blak. ,3099 |(¢') ad..|..--do'..-....-- Oct. 9} 187 90 | 30 25! 20) [on oms
96007) Blak. ‘3124. Ovad?| <Mdebosateee Oct. 12} 141] 100} 31} 26) 19 305
| 91539) Blak., 312 us| 9 ad. -+--do See Oct. 16 | 145 97 3l 20°} -200e2 Sx
} |
viridi-canus 18938) Drouet ..-| ¢ ad. Germany camwaleeaceeer 142 | 96| 32 lae==
‘4 56723| Schltiter..| ¢ ad.|....do. 12. cclcccica: 143 | aa cas cee hee esses
Bera. alo Waele: Q ad. «20 en 0- a ootmeths «| LED) | SO Re 14 rh] eternal creer | Seine
| 9595 v. Miiller..| Q ad.) Europe .. i525) 44) MOR Maeels ease Neebees ead
canus.....< | 98024. ee ate aan (ov) ad Bergen »Norway]..--..- 141 | 100! 30 Sk :
98025|oa be (o)) ads | ea doen aes a N2465|! (SBAlh Sas yee eee pane
1884. j
perpallidus poseey Kalinowski] @ ad | Ussuri..-..--. Nov. 25] 144 | .96') 35}. 2}5. 22 jis Type.
}
/\
VAL RENEN NEN Sf SNPS
NN NV
V
DRYOBATES Bole.
1816.—Dendrocopos Kocu, Bayr. Zool., 1, p. 72 (type P. tridactylus L.?).
(nec Dendrocopus VIEILL., Anal., p. 45 (1816). )
1826.—Dryobates Bork, Isis, 1826, p. 977 (type P. pubescens L.).
1828.—Picus BREHM, Isis, 1828, p. 1274 (type P. major L.).
1829.—Dendrodromas Kaup, Entw. Europ. Thierw., p. 136 (type P. leuconotus
BECHST. ).
1845.—Leuconotopicus MALHERBE, Rey. Zool., 1845, p. 373.
1854.—Dyctiopicus BONAPARTE, Consp. Vol. Zyg. Estr. Aten. Ital., No. 8, 1854, p. 8.
1854.—Phrenopicus BONAPARTE, Consp. Vol. Zyg. Estr. Aten. Ital., No. 8, 1854, p. 8.
1854.—Trichopicus BONAPARTE, Consp. Vol. Zyg. Estr. Aten. Ital., No. 8, 1854, p.8.
1854.—Hypopicus BONAPARTE, Consp. Vol. Zyg. Estr. Aten. Ital., No. 8, 1854, p. &.
1854.—Pipripicus BONAPARTE, Consp. Vol. Zyg. Estr. Aten. Ital., No. 8, 1854, p. 8.
1854.—Leiopicus BONAPARTE, Consp. Vol. Zyg. Estr. Aten. Ital., No. 8, 1854, p. 8.
1855.— Piculus BREHM, Naumannia, 1855, p. 274 (type P. minor L.), (nec J.GEOFFR.,
1832).
1863.— Dendrocoptes CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., Iv, p. 41 (type P. medius L.). —
1863.—Liopipo CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., Iv, - 44,
1863.—Xylurgus CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Bee Iv, p. 50 (type P. iene
ViG.).
1863.—Xylocopus CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., Iv, p. 51 (type P. minor L.).
SYNOPSIS OF THE FORMS KNOWN TO OCCUR IN JAPAN,
«. Under tail-coverts and abdomen red.
a’,
b'. Entire back black (Dryobates).
c!. Under surface whitish; scapulars mostly white. ...--.-....----- D. japonicus.
ce. Under surface brownish; scapulars mostly black ..--......-...-.-- ? D. gouldii.
6. With white on lower back (Dendrodromas).
e', Great wing-coverts with two rows of white spots; ear patch and lateral neck
patch continuous above, being only partly separated by a black line.
d'. Under surface and lower back white...-..---.....-.---..-----? D. leucotos.
@, Under surface and lower back white, strongly washed with buff; rump black.
D. subcirris.
c@. Great wing-coverts with only one subapical white spot in the outer web; ear
patch and lateral neck patch completely separated by a black streak... --. |
D. namiyei.
Under tail-coverts and abdomen without red (Xylocopus) ..---.-.---.--- D. minor.
\e
=
| -1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 109
(167) Dryobates japonicus (SEEB.).
Great Spotted Woodpecker. Akagera.
_— 1857.— Picus major CASSIN, Perry’s Exped. Jap., U1, p. 222 (mec. LINN.).—BLAKIsT., Ibis,
1862, p. 325.—WHITELY, Ibis, 1867, p. igen & DRESSER, B. Buri, Wir
p. 19 (part) (1871,.—Swinnoer, Ibis, 1875, p. 451.—BuLakist. & PRYER, tr.
As. Soe. Jap., vii1, 1880, p. 207 ( part).—Jid., ibid., x, 1852, p. 152 (part).
— 1883.—Picus japonicus SeunOuM, Ibis, 1883, p. 24.—Td., Thee: Br. B. Eggs, 1, p. 355,
(1884).—Dryobates japonicus STEJNEGER, Orn. Exp]. Kamtsch., pp. 231, 232
(part), (1885).
1882.—Picus major japonicus BLAKIST., Chrysanth., Oct., 1882, p. 473.—Td., ihid., Jan,
1883, p. 28.—Id., ibid., Feb., 1883, p.— (part only).—Id., Amend. List B.
Jap., p. 44, (1884).—Jouy, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vu, Dec. 27, 1883, p. 307 (part).
Ihave before me fourteen specimens from Japan, which, compared
| with Mr. Seebohm’s remarks in establishing D. japonicus, induce me to
_ believe that there are two forms in the islands, more or less closely re-
lated to D. major.
Mr. Seebohm had eleven specimens, five from Hondo, or the middle
island, the rest from the northern islands, including Sakhalin and the
- Kuriles. These he describes (Ibis, 1883, p. 24) as follows: ‘+ The color of
the under parts agrees with P. major-cissa from Scandinavia; but the
white on the secondaries is more developed, and the white on the inner-
most secondaries is as much developed as in P. luctani.” Of cissa he says
that it is “much whiter on the under parts than those from Britain
and South Europe,” but “in Scandinavia * * * intermediate forms
occur.” The inference is that his japonicus is lighter anderneath than
British and South European specimens. Of luciani he says that “the
white spots on the innermost secondaries meet, forming several broaa
white bars across the feathers,” and in his History of British Birds and
Eggs, 1, p. 355 (1884), he states that in japonicus ‘the white on the in-
nermost secondaries is developed into broad transverse bars.” He fur-
thermore says that “it is probably only sub-specifically distinet from
P. major,” and compared with his statement of ‘* P. major and its allies
always having white scapulars, and P. cabanisi and its allies always
having black scapulars,” one is justified in concluding that japonicus
belongs to the former of these two groups; in the latter he also includes
P. gouldi.
The specimens before me are from the Middle Island as well as from
Yesso, five being from the latter island ; but only two specimens of the
whole series are birds taken during the breeding season, one from each
of the islands mentioned.
I shall treat of these two first.
The breeding bird from Yesso (Blak. Coll. No. 2340, U. S. Nat. Mus.
No. 95996) is a 2 shot at Sapporo May 8, 1877. In Bdakiston’s manu
seript notes [ find a remark to the effect that this specimen is similar
to one from South Yesso, which, in 1882, he sent to Seebohm, and one
of the specimens upon which Seebohm founded his japonicus. This
110 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
st matches exactly four specimens from France and Saxony in
regard to the color underneath (which is quite light), and in the amount |
white on the seapulars, but has the white spots on the Inner second- i
aries longer, nearly forming cross-bands, and, like all eastern specimens —
at my command, has white tips to the longest primaries. This bird I ;
therefore feel justified in regarding as typical japonicus. The next con-
clusion is that the typical japonicus breeds in Yesso.*
The other breeding bird is from Fuji, on the Middle Island, a 2, col-
lected by Jouy (Coll. No. 425, U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 88703), July 4, 1882, | .
This bird is entirely different from the foregoing. All the white under —
parts are strongly suttused with brown, and so are the ear-coverts; the
scapulars are black, only a few with white tips; the white spots on the
inner secondaries are not continuous, consequently they have no bars,
although they are somewhat larger than in European specimens of
major ; between the black lateral patches on the breast a few feathers are
tipped with red; the outer rectrices are strongly barred with broad black
bands. Having no Chinese specimens at hand I have to content myself
with Malherbe’s figures (Mon. Pie. Atl. I, pl. xvii) and the assertion of
Mr. Seebohm that the birds there figured, viz, P. mandarinus, P. gouldit,
P. cabanisi, and P. luciani, all of which he refers to two extremes, P.
cabanisi and P. luciani, are “ apparently separated by a hard and fast
line from” P. major and allies by having black seapulars. This being
the case the Japanese specimen in question can only be referred to the
Chinese group, and, indeed, I can at present discover no character by
which it can be separated from P. gouldii, though actual comparison of
specimens may reveal some diagnostic mark. The corelusions to be
derived from the above is that there breeds in the Middle Island ot
Japan a Great Spotted Woodpecker which is different from Seebohm’s
P. japonicus, and which we call Dryobates gouldii, at least provisionally.
Several other facets can be adduced in support of the latter conclu-
sion. In the U. S. National Museum is a specimen (No. 91527), a 6,
collected by Jouy at Chiusenji Lake, Middle Island, September 6, 1882.
It is essentially like the one described above, even in possessing thered |
margins to some of the pectoral feathers, and the spots on the inner
secondaries are still smaller. During the same summer Mr. Jouy eol-
lected six more specimens on the Middle Island, none of which (except
a young male), however, came to the National Museum. In regard to
these specimens [| tind the following remarks in ee S manuscript
notes : * Jouy’s summer specimens all dark.”+ <A third fact in this
ai 1 may add here th: at a 2 female, the first specimen collected in Japan, (ef. Cassin,
Perry’s Exped. Jap., II, 222) Hakodadi, May, 1854, U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 15873, is now iu
a condition which makes it unsafe to base any conclusions upon it, but so faras I can
tell from it and from Cassin’s remarks, l. ¢., if is a typical japonicas, closely resem-
bling the one above.
+ Cf. also Blakiston’s remark, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., X, 1882, p. 182: ‘‘ While the light
parts about the face, throat, and breast in Yezo examples are nearly white, southern
specimens are deeply tinged with brown.”
eS te ge Pe oe ae
Vi
1886.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 111
connection is that Gray, in his Hand-list, IJ, p. 181, gives P. gouldii as
in the British Museum from ‘ Japan.”
It is evident from Seebohm’s remarks that he has light specimens
from the Middle Island; so have I, and I have also dark ones from
_ Yesso, but all these are winter birds. There are also several specimens
in the collection before me which seem to be intermediate, not only in
regard to the coloring of the lower surface, but also as to the amount
of white on the shoulders.
The conelusions which I draw from the above facts are, that Japan
south of “ Blakiston’s line” has received its Great Spotted Woodpecker
_from China, while the inhabitant of Yesso originally immigrated trom the
adjacent parts of Siberia. The intermediate forms I regard as hybrids.
The Great Spotted Woodpeckers are known to be great travelers in au-
tumn and winter,* straggling around the country in all directions. To
them the narrow streets of Tsugaru is no obstacle, hence we may
find japonicus in winter in Hondo, and gouldii at the same season in
Yesso. That under such circumstances hybridization takes place on a
large scale between so closely allied species cannot cause surprise, not-
withstanding the probability that most of the straggling specimens will
retreat to their original homes towards the breeding season. It must
also be remembered that our collections have been chiefly made in dis-
tricts where the hybrids would most likely occur, viz, in the districts of
the Middle Islands north of the line Owari-Tsuruga, and in the south-
ern part of Yesso. The probability is, that in Southern Japan the dark
species will be found more exclusively and more pure-bred. The hy
pothesis is strengthened by numerous similar, or even more distinct,
cases of Manchurian and Siberian species entering Japan respectively
from the south and the north.
It is plain that the ‘‘intergradation,” in this case, does not prove the
two forms to be geographical races of the saine species in the sense in
which it is commonly adopted; that is to say, the two forms have not
differentiated in Japan. They came to Japan as two well-defined species
“separated by a hard and fast line,” and by different roads of immi-
gration; they met there and Picmiieled to a certain degree, The
case is absolutely parallel to what, in some instances, has taken place
in the Scandinavian peninsula, where Siberian forms coming trom the
northeast and Central European forms from the south meet each other
and obscure their distinctiveness by an extensive hybridization, a con-
dition of affairs which should always be borne in mind when speaking
of “ intermediate links” from Seandinavia.
The two Japanese forms (D. japonicus and gouldii) differ from the
mend i: sor in having exposed white spots in the inner webs
PO. D. major passing Heligoland Rereanianiey never in large quantities, but most
numerousin autumn” (Seebohm, Brit. B. Eggs, IL, 354, note), and D. purus crossing over
to the treeless Bering Island, a distance of at least 100 miles (Stejneger, Orn. Explor,
Kamtsch., p, 281.)
112 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS
of the tertiaries, a character which is equally pronounced as well in the
young in the first plumage as in the old birds. The Kamtschatkan ©
species, ). purus, in that respect resembles the European bird, notwith- |
standing the fact that in all other parts the white is more extensive and
purer than in any of the many allied forms. It is considerably larger,
and can never be confounded with its southern neighbors.
ee
Dryobates gouldii [MALH.?] Gray.
? Gould’s Woodpecker. Akagera.
1857.—? Picus cabanisi GOULD, B. of Asia, (pt. ix, pl. 10) (nec MaLu., 1854.)
1861.—? Picus gouldii MALHERBE, Mon. Picid.1, p. 62, pl. xvii, figs. 6, 7.
1861.—? Picus luciani MALHERBE, Mon. Picid. I, p. 63, pl. xvii, figs. 4, 5.
1868.— Picus major BLAKIST. & PRYER, Ibis, 1868, p. 228 (part).—Jid., Tr. As. Soe. Jap.,
vill, 1880, p. 207 (part).—Jid., Ibid., x, 1882, p. 132 (part).—? Seebohm,
Ibis, 1879, p. 29.
1870.—Picus gouldii Gray, Handl. B. 1, p. 181.
1885.— Picus major japonicus BLAKIST., Chrysanth., Febr., 1883, p. — (part).—ZId.,
Amend. List B. Jap., p. 13 (part).—Jovuy, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, Dec. 27,
1883, p. 307 (parr).
L885.— Dryobates japonicus STEJNEGER, Orn. Expl. Kamstch., pp. 231, 232 (part).
I have already given my reasons for including this bird in the Japa-
nese fauna, and expressed the opinion that it breeds on Hondo to the
exclusion of D. japonicus. It should be mentioned, however, that the
distribution may be quite different. An inspection of the map com-
pared with what we know about the climatology of the island might
lead one to think that the fauna of the western shore may be more like
that of Yesso than that of the eastern portion as far north at least as
the border of the Tokaido cireuit. It is a faet that nearly the entire
western slope, and the whole northern portion of Hondo north of the
thirty-eighth parallel is a terra incognita to ornithologists; a minute
exploration of these parts, and careful comparison of the birds breed-
ing there, may lead to very unexpected results.
A yonng female in the first plumage was collected by Jouy at Fuji
Yama July 2, 1882. It clearly bears out ali the essential characters of
the species, and is especially interesting on account of it being consid-
erably different from the young D. mejor in the corresponding plumage
in other respects also. On the whole it is like the aduit, though the
colors are duller; the tertiaries have large exposed white spots in the
inner webs; the malar black stripe is distinct and continuous all the
way, and the postauricular black stripe separating the cheeks and the
lateral neck pateh is effecting a perfect connection between the malar
stripe and the black on the nape, as in the adult, consequently differing
from the young European D. major, and resembling in that respect the
adult Dryobates medius of Europe; the posterior long scapulars are white
in the apical half, which is crossed by a broad, nearly continuous black
bar; the continuation of the malar stripe, broadening belind, dissolves
- 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 114
on the sides of the breast into numerous cordate blackish spots, the out-
lines of which become less definite on the sides and the flanks, produe-
ing numerous dusky but ill-defined bars in these parts; the whole lower
surface is dull brownish-white, only the anal region, crissum, and under-
tail coverts washed with a pale and dull carmine ; top of head black, the
feathers on the crown tipped with glossy but dark crimson. Wing,
127™™ ; tail-feathers, 78™™; exposed culmen, 21™™; tarsus, 23™™; ant.
ext. toe without claw, 14™™.
(169) Dryobates subcirris sp. nov. |
O-akagera.
1862.—Picus leuconotus BLAKIST., Ibis, 1862, p. 325.—IJd., Chrysanth., Jan. 1883, p.
28.—Id., ibid., Feb. 1883, p. —.—SwiInuoF, Ibis, 1875, p. 451?—BLakIsT. &
PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 229 (part).—Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., vit, 1880, p. 208.—
Tid., ibid., X, 1882, p. 133—Jovuy, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., v1, 1883, p. 307.
1867.—? Picus uralensis WHITELY, Ibis, 1867, p. 195.
DiaGn.—Similar to D. leucotos (BECHST.), but considerably larger; the sides of the
head and the whole under surface, except the chin, strongly tinged with brownish
buff, axillars, middle wing coverts, and lower back lighter and the tinge more yellow-
ish, while the rest of the markings on the wing and the chin are pure white; the
white on the upper side is restricted to the lower back (tergum), the interscapulars
and the rump proper being black, as are also the upper tail-coverts. g¢ Wing, 155™™;
tail-feathers, 95™™ ; exp. culmen, 37"™,
Typr.—u. S. Nat. Mus. No. 96000.
Has.—Northern parts of Hondo Island and (in winter only ?) Yesso, Japan.
As far as the color of the under side is concerned this form bears a
similar relation to the typical D. leucotos from Central. Europe, as does
Sitta cesia to 8S. europea. The three specimens before me, an adult
male, an adult female, and a young bird of the latter sex, are abso-
lutely identical in this respect. That we have not to do with an artifi-
cial stain is evident from the fact that the wash of buff also pervades
the axillaries and under wing-coverts, upper middle wing-coverts and
lower back. The amount of white on the wings is about the same as
in Central European specimens, but on the upper side of the body it is
considerably restricted, as the whole rump is black. In size the pres-
ent species is very superior, and it seems even to be larger than the true
D. cirris of Siberia.
This form is known from the portion of Hondo north of Yokohama,
and it probably breeds in that part of the island, since Jouy, on August
21, 1882, collected a young female, which seems referable to this form,
at Chiusenji Lake, in the Nikko Mountains (U. 8, Nat. Mus. No. 91326,
Jouy No. 649), with trace of the first plumage on top of head, hind neck,
and chin. It has also been collected in Southern Yesso, but I suspect
that this form only occurs there in autumn and winter, and that the
breeding bird of that island is white on the under side, and probably
more nearly related to D. leucotos.
Prac. N. M. 86——8 September 13, 1886.
114 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Measurements.
iP ts ] (ees Neen ra
= ZS | J leat - a a
Soren rent ie els] |=3] 2
43 hu. 3 | eo a | a
So Ss | co F Reeea Hes - | 82 5 id
2, | B5, 5 Locality. | Date. ee Big | as | = | 4
w = (area S ia|/e,e)/4s]/ 8] 8
z iS a = os “ cs | Kes S D
b O | aw ee ne te HH HIA|A|RE] aA |
= ae ol eka En a
96000 | Blak. 2768 | ¢' ad..| Sepporo, Yesso.-.-| Nov. 11, 1881 | 155 | 95 | 37 | 28 | 48 | 270 | Type.
96001 | Blak. 3127.-| | O-adwalsess CO) ie eee eel Oct. 12,1882] 152 | 95 | 34 | 24 Wifi ead.
91326 | | Jouy 649..; 9 jun.) Chuisenji, Hondo.. | Aug. 31,1882] 142 | 83 | 30 | 25 17 oo
? Dryobates leucotos (BECHST.).
1803.—Picus leuwcotos BECHSTEIN, Orn. Taschenb., p. 66.
1826.—?? Picus cirris PALLAS, Zoogr. R. As., 1, p. 410.
1882.— Picus leuconotus BLAKIST., Chrysanth., 1882, p. 473.
During his voyage in the spring of 1882 Captain Blakiston collected
two females of a White-backed Woodpecker at Sapporo on June 2 and
4, consequently breeding. They are Nos. 2904 and 2905 of his collection,
and were afterwards given to the Hakodadi Museum, being Nos. 1250
and 429 of the latter, according to Blakiston’s notes. Regarding No.
2904, I find in his manuscript a note saying that itis “like No. 3127 [the
2 D subcirris now in the U.S. Nat. Mus.] except that the white is not at
ull tinged with buff.” This buff tinge being one of the characters by
which to distinguish D. subcirris from D. leucotos and D. cirris, we are
inclined to think that the breeding bird of Yesso may belong to the
Siberian form. This conclusion is somewhat doubtful, however, as Blak-
iston makes no mention of the specimen shot two days later, since if this
be buff-colored like the rest, No. 2904 may be regarded as an exceptional
light individual. As will be seen from the list of specimens collected by
Blakiston during his residence in Japan, extracted from his manuscript,
only two other specimens can be regarded strictly as breeding birds, viz :
No. 1609 and 1610, the two which he sent to Swinhoe in 1875, and whieh*
the latter determined as ‘ Picus leuconotus, L. (wralensis)” (Ibis, 1875, p.
451).
The question has become still more involved in doubt by a statement
of Messrs. Sharpe and Dresser (B. of Eur., v, p. 40) in regard to ‘a pair
of Japanese birds collected by Mr. Whitely.” They assert that these
birds do not show the differences distinctive of the Siberian birds when
compared with Swedish examples, and hence they conclude that D.
cirris is not a distinguishable bird! A curious conclusion indeed, that
because the Japanese and the Swedish examples—both coast forms—
do not show the characters attributed to the continental Siberian form,
the latter is not distinguishable at all!! That these gentlemen found no
difference between Japanese and Swedish examples of D. leucotos does
not prove that such are not to be found, for they also assert (tom. cit. 1D.
*Swinhoe seems to have received the male only (Ul. c.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 115
21) in regard to D. major, that ‘we could not see any difference in
| specimens collected in the latter island (Japan) by Mr. Whitely, when
compared with European birds,” differences duly appreciated by Mr.
Seebohm, who for himself refutes the idea of being a “splitter.” As
Dresser and Blakiston, however, say nothing about the color of the
rump, it is still doubtful whether the white-breasted Japanese birds
should be referred to true D. cirris with white rump, or be regarded as
light-colored specimens of D. subcirris with biack rump.
Since the above was written and submitted for publication, I have
received a female White-backed Woodpecker from the mainland oppo-
site Northern Japan. U.S. National Museum No. 108896; Sidinij,
Ussuri, December 19,1884.) Without going into detail I may state that
I can find no character which would warrant its separation from typical
D. leucotos. Whether the males will agree in the same manner, and
whether Yesso birds will agree with the mainland bird are questions
which are still open. But, certainly, even if the Ussuri bird be insepa-
rable from the European species, there is no good reason to conclude
that the Siberian form also is identical. At present, therefore, I regard
it safest to retain for the white-breasted Japanese form Bechstein’s
name, D. leucotos, with a query.
WHITE-BACKED WOODPECKERS COLLECTED BY CAPTAIN BLAKISTON
IN JAPAN.
I extract the following list of the specimens of White-backed Wood.
peckers (subcirris and ? leucotos) collected by Captain Blakiston, from his
manuscript notes, together with the measurements as recorded by him.
The specimens marked ‘“‘ Hak.” were presented by him to the Hako-
dadi Museum; those marked “Sw.” to Mr. Rk. Swinhoe; and those
marked “U.S.” to the National Museum of the United States. The
last one was not preserved. No. 9 was collected by Mr. Fukushi.
The fresh colors of the specimen first mentioned are given as follows:
“Bye, light brown; bill, leaden horn color; feet, bluish slate.”
of 2 =
eared es op tr
Slee eet lies oS a
a | A % Ss a Locality. Date. mn oe
BS a eg wm eal)
i Hak.| 748 | 754 | of juv.| Hakodadi, Yesso..-......-..-------------. | Oct. 21,1861| 282 148
2) Hak.| 749 | 1608 | ¢----- PILOSD PE MESSO mae are ce te sensei emis lactase romans Nov. 10,1874} 267 157
ES We «|| = a's 1609/22 =e = AVEO NTEZE GS SO Nersesaleteters ee lat ta orale aera May 17, 1874| 273 153
4| Sw GIO: 2 cee eee GO ee yee ee aes Se aS tte | May 17,1874} 264 157
5 | Hak.) 750 | 1611 | o-.--.| IPOrobets) YieSS8O-\.. oc 2s Shocs cacls ee ee sence Aug. 25, 1874| 254 1533
PE teen Ia oo set an OAD POLO s MESSO jae alate = celemtelee acinar tetalei ote 1 Apr. 21,1877 | 274 152
WeleEake| \1o2 | 2ao9.| Gi- = fesse QO ea ae ese ee cae ccesceeecmce eae Oct. 28,1877 | 277 155
PMS Nossa) 2168: | ads -| 2 hee CO Ree er ees re ee EO 2 ae aoe Nov. 5, 1881 270 V5t
9 | Hak.| 188?) 2887 | ¢..--. We SER On sense otec kr eebieseclns aiseeeser lea Nov. 27,1881 | 287 155
10 | Hak.| 1250 | 2904 | Q.-... (eects GA) es ee RC Bac nece mo aoaTOodDoeS UNE HAeLSS2 i" ase eens
11 | Hak.| 429%] 2905 | 9..... SATA Oy awe uE Sas Se eae taki sosanh ok eee June 4,1882]..--.. iz
| 1. a. 2 PhO Qu ade 2 [Pro raaia One. aoe s Senin cniceee aos raectowicciots Oct. 12,1882) 271} 155
Rio cso Vance [Rae aaleeense MOP see een ae seco se closinieireea mer Nov. 10,1881 | 278 | 150
| |
116 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Dryobates namiyei sp. nov.
PuaTE II.
1882.—Picus leuconotus BLAKIST. & PRYER, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., X, 1882, p. 133 (part).
DraGn.—Similar to D. lewcotos (BECHST.), but much darker; lower back with a few |
white cross-bars only; white spots on wings fewer and smaller, and no white band
formed by the middle coverts, only a few of the inner ones having a white spot;
great wing coverts with only one subapical white spot in the outer web; ear-patch
and lateral neck-patch completely separated by a black streak; ¢ wing, 146™™;
tail-feathers, 88"™; exposed culmen, 34™™, ;
Tyrpe.—Tokio Educational Museum, No. 178
HaBitTat.—Southwestern portion of Hondo Island, Japan.
DESCRIPTION OF THE TYPE (Tokio Educ. Mus. No. 178; Yamato, Hondo, Sept. 1876; |
coll. H. Pryer) g ad.—Hind neck, interscapilium, rump, upper tail-coverts, scapulars
and lower back (tergum) black, the feathers of the latter with broad white subapi-
cal bars, forming about three cross-bands; a few of the hindmost scapulars have
similar subapical white bars; chin and throat white, the ground color of the rest of
the lower surface being similar, but tinged with buff, and from the lower breast
backwards strongly washed with a dull carmine; a frontal band, and sides of head
and neck whitish, forehead and ear-coverts strongly suffused with buff; from the
mandibular apex a broad black band runs backwards between throat and ear-coverts,
sending off an ascending branch behind the latter, which joins the black on the
nape and completely separates the whitish lateral neck patch from the cheeks, and
descending to the sides of the breast, where widening into a large solid black
patch; across the breast the patch is nearly connected with that of the other side
by a number of heavy black spots, and backwards they dissolve into large black
flames covering the sides and flanks; middle of abdomen and crissum unspotted, but
the lower tail-coverts have a faint brownish streak in the middle; a few feathers
between the two pectoral patches are slightly tinged with dull carmine; wings above
black, the remiges with rather small white spots in both webs, which do not meet
across the shaft, except on the tertiaries; primary coverts uniform black, except
a few of the external ones which are irregularly whitish at the extreme base and
have a rounded white spot in the inner web; the great coverts have only a rounded
white spot in the outer web near the tip; only a few of the innermost coverts of the
middle row have a subapical white spot in the inner web or across both webs, thus
forming a small and rather inconspicuous white spot ; the larger under wing-coverts
white with a subapical broad blackish band ; the smaller under wing-coverts black-
ish, the outer ones uniformly so, the inner ones more or less marked with white ob-
liquely over both webs; axillaries with large blackish marks; two central pairs of
tail-feathers uniform black; the next pair also black, but with two brownish white
spots in the outer web near the tip; in the following pair the tip is whitish, and so
are a broad cross-bar over both webs, and, higher up, the outer web for a consider-
able distance, with an adjoining small spot in the inner web ; the outer pair (except
the rudimentary one) is similar, but with one whitish cross-bar more ; rudimentary
pair black with two white spots in the outer web, the lower one occupying the tir ;
crown of head slate grey, each feather broadly tipped with dark crimson, behind
which is a distinct black cross-bar; a narrow black edge separates the crown from
the whitish of the sides of the head.
Dimensions: Wing,146™™; tail-feathers, 88"; exposed culmen, 34™™ ; ext. ant. toe,
without claw, 18™™,
Wing formula : 2<7; 3<6; 4<5, >6; 5 longest. b
In their “ Birds of Japan” (Tr. As. Soc. Jap., X, 1882, p. 133) Messrs.
Blakiston and Pryer comment on the above specimen as follows:
‘* There is a Specimen in the Educational Museum, at Tokio, collected |
--1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 117
’ in Yamato, southwest of Osaka, of the same size as female leuconotus,
measuring in the wing 152™™.* It bas red head, and general resem-
blance to the male leuconotus, but has much more black on the breast,
and the white in the middle of the back is almost wanting. It may
possibly be a localized race if not distinct species.”
In Mr. Blakiston’s manuscript notes there is the following remark in
regard to the same: “ Not nearly so much white; no white on hind neck;
certainly sufficiently distinct for another species.”
An inspection of the specimen, which Mr. 8. Tegima, the director of
the Educational Museum, Tokio, had the kindness to loan me, shows
that Captain Blakiston was right; and, so far as can be judged from
descriptions, our present bird seems to be nearer related to Dryobates
insularis Gould, from Formosa, than to typical D. leucotos or its repre-
sentative in the northern part of Hondo, D. subcirris.
D. namiyei is an interesting analogue of Dryobates lilfordi from South-
eastern Europe, but is much more different from the typical form than
is the latter, which has been generally accepted as a good species, dif-
fering from D. leucotos chiefly in having the white of the back and rump
transversely barred with black (in Dresser’s figure, B. of Eur., v., pl.
280, we count about eight black cross-bars, against about two in our
bird) ; otherwise the white does not seem to be materially restricted.
Like the Japanese form of leucotos, our bird has the whole rump per-
fectly black, and only the longest feathers of the lower back are barred
with white. But also in all other parts of the body the white is re-
stricted and supplanted by black, as already pointed out in the diag-
nosis and the “key.” We shall only add, that the number of white
spots in the inner web of the primaries has likewise decreased by about
one in each feather.
Having no specimen of Dryobates insularis from Formosa, we will have
to content ourselves with the descriptions, which, however, are some-
what contradictory inter se;+ but it seems as if D. insularis, in spite of
* Evidently by flattening the wing. The dimensions given by myself were taken
by means of dividers.—L. 8.
+The following is the synonymy and the most important original descriptions of
this species:
Dryobates insularis (GOULD).
1862.—Picus insularis GouLD, P. Z. S., 1862, p. 283.—I/d., B. Asia, pt. xvi, pl. —
(1864).—SWINHOE, Ibis, 1863, p. 390.—SUNDEVALL, Consp. Picin., p. 24
(1866).—Dendrodromas i. CaB. & HEINE, Mus. Hein., Iv, pt. ii, p. 38 (1563).
HABITAT: Formosa.
The original description of D. insularis by Gould is as follows (P. Z. S., 1862, p.
283) :
‘‘Male: Forehead crossed by anarrow band of buff; crown of the head, scarlet ; lores,
cheeks, sides of the neck and throat white; a black line commencing at the base of
the lower mandible passes down between the ear-coverts and the throat on to the
sides of the chest, where it forms a broad patch; flanks buffy white, strongly striated
with black; lower part of the abdomen and under tail-coverts rosy scarlet ; mantle,
shoulders, upper tail-coverts, and four middle tail-feathers black; center of the back
118 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
the restriction of the white color on other parts, has more white on the
back than its Japanese relative, cf. Mr. Gould’s expression: “ Center —
of the back white, crossed with irregular rays of black, as in Picus leu-
conotus.” The red on the lower parts seems also to be more restricted
and paler in the Formosa bird. :
As to the curious distribution of these bird on the Japanese islands,
two distinct forms of the same superspecies inhabiting the same island,
I may remark that not only is there a marked difference between the
ornis of Yesso and that part of the empire lying south of the Tsugaru
Strait, or Blakiston’s line, as it is deservedly called in zoogeographical
parlance, the former belonging to Siberia, the latter to the Manchurian
region; but the ornis of Nagasaki shows a considerable difference from
that of those parts of the central portion of Hondo, or the Middle Island,
with the fauna of which we are acquainted.
The ornis of the southwestern parts of Hondo, especially the circuits
of Gokinai, Sanindo, and Sanyodo, and of the Island of Shikoku, is very
little known, and it is hardly possible yet to say with certainty whether
it agrees most closely with that of Kiusiu, or with that of the central
part of Hondo. The present species, the type of which was taken in
Yamato, seems to indicate the southern character of the ornis of the
country south and west of a line between the bays of Owari and Tsu-
ruga, which has been ascertained to be the * line of demarkation” in re-
spect to coleoptera (cf. Blak. & Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., X, 1882, p. 145),
and it would not be surprising at all if this line also limits the distri-
bution of certain local specializations of birds or immigrants from the
south. It may be, however, that the region thns set off will have to
white, crossed with irregular rays of black, as in Picus leuconotus; wings black,
spotted with white in both webs of the feathers, asin that species ; outer tail-feathers
alternately barred with black and white; bill bluish horn-color; tarsi and feet lead-
color.
“Total length, 9} inches; bill, 14; wing, 5%; tail, 34; tarsi, 4.
‘* Female like the male in every respect except in having a black instead of a red
crown.”
Messrs. Cabanis and Heine describe a young male (Mus. Hein., rv, ii, p. 38) as
having the whole crown varied of black and red; the postauricular black stripe
separating the ear-patch and the lateral neck-patch; the feathers of the lower back
broadly tipped with white; the feathers of the abdomen and crissum only faintly
tinged with red (‘‘ plumis * * * ventris pallide et subobsolete subrosaceo tinctis, crisso
anguste pallide rosaceo, miniato, carmineo”); the six middle rectrices uniform black,
etc. ;
In view of these descriptions, which are based upon specimens, and which plainly
indicate a whitish spot on the side of the neck, Sundevall’s assertion (Consp. Picin.,
p- 24), that the jugular streak is indistinct and confluent with the black of the nape,
the sides of the neck thus being totally black (“linea ordinaria nigra ad latera juguli
non districta, sed cum nigredine cervicis confluens, unde latera colli tota nigra’)
seems inexplicable.
The measurements given by Cabanis and Heine (and from them Sundeyall ?) are con-
siderably smaller than those of Gould, being, total length, 8 }, mches; culmen, 1;
wing, 4%; tail, 3; tarsi 8 (Sundevall: wing, 125™™),
1
4
}
|
1886. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 119
be restricted to the country lying south of the mountain range separat-
ing the circuits of Sanindo and Sanyodo.
I take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting form to Mr. Namiye,
the zoologist of the Tokio Educational Museum.
It will be seen that we have been forced to conjecture that there ex-
ists in Japan three forms of the Great White-backed Woodpecker.
That in this ‘*‘ Prodromus” we have distinguished them by binominals
does not mean, however, that we regard them as separated by ‘hard
and fast ” lines. We have not, by far, enough material to decide this
point, and the status of these forms as here represented is chiefly con-
jectural and provisional. So far as the material goes, it mdicates a
dark southern form (D. namiyer), a lighter, larger, underneath buff-col-
ored form in the northern half of the Middle Island (D. subcirris), and
a still whiter form (? D. leucotos or cirris) breeding in Yesso.
Subgenus XYLOCOPUS Cas. & HEINE.
(168) Dryobates minor (LINN.).
Lesser Spotted Woodpecker.
758.— Picus minor LINN., 8S. N., 10 ed., I, p. 114.—SrEBoum, Ibis, 1879, p. 29.—Jd., ibid.,
1884, p. 36.—BLAKIST. & PRYER, Tr. As. Soc, Jap.; VIII, 1880, p. 207.—
BuAkistT., Amend. List B. Jap., pp. 28, 44 (1884).
1866.—Picus minor var. borealis SUNDEVALL, Consp. Picin., p. 26.
1282.—Picus minor-pipra BLAKIST., Chrysanth., 1882, p. 473.—Id., ibid., 1883, p. 28.
1882.—Picus pipra BLAKIST. & PRYER, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., X, 1882, p. 133.
The Japanese form of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is apparently
identical with the typical D. minor as the latter averages between Mid-
dle Scandinavia and Germany, and shows no particular approach to the
Siberian D. pipra proper, as has sometimes been alleged. The sides are
usually strongly streaked, the under tail-coverts always spotted, and the
outer tail-feathers provided with two or three cross-bars.
Measurements.
= | bd A epilnie ar g | Ant. ext. | 7
-S. Nat.) Collector |Sexan al; realist as R toe, | Tota
Mus. No. | and No. age. Locality. Date. seu eaten ae = | without | length.
| rai Sal ves claw.
amet | | Ais kes Gales
95999 | Blak.,3013 ¢ ad.. Sapporo, Yesso Oct. 1, 1882! 93 | 58| 13| 14 | 9 | 152”
O500Ti \obiak:...2049)| oad oll dole. a2. 2 -- |Apr. 28, 1877; 90 | 57 | a ay elt Nl pect ee ea id
95998 | Blak./2345| Q ad. |--+-d0 Pa UT [May 10,187/ 93] 60] 13| 14 9 | “150”
This species seems to oceur only in Yesso, where it is a breeding resi-
dent. Blakiston only collected specimens near Sapporo, altogether five,
three of which are enumerated above. His No. 2344 was a é shot April
29, Hakodadi Museum No. 754, total length, “155™™,” and his No.
2346 is the specimen referred to by Mr. Seebohm in the Ibis for 1879, p.
29. This was also a é collected on May 11, 1877, its total length being
6c 1592™m,””
120 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
The Kamtschatkan D.immaculatus,* characterized by its larger size
and its excessive whiteness, the whole under surface being pure and
unspotted white, and the outer tail-feathers likewise white and nearly
unspotted, has not been observed in Japan, unless it be a specimen
which, according to Mr. Blakiston’s manuscript notes, was collected by
Mr. Fukushi at Sapporo in December. It is said to be a é measuring
160™™ in total length, with a wing measuring 97™™, consequently in size
agreeing pretty well with the type of D. immaculatus.
YUNGIPICUS Bonar.
1845.—Tripsurus Eyton, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XVI (p. 229) (nee Sw., 1827).
1854.— Yungipicus Bonap., Consp. Vol. Zygod. Estr. Aten. Ital. No. 8, 1854, p. 8 (type
P. hardwickii).
1863.—Baopipo CABANIS & HEINE, Mus. Hein., LV, ii, p. 54 (= Yungipicus).
1873.— Yungiceps MEYER, Journ. f. Orn., 1873, p. 405 (errore).
1874.—Iyngipicus SALVADORI, Ucc. Borneo (p. 41), (emend.).
Yungipicus seems to me to deserve generic recognition. It differs
materially from Dryobates, especially in the form of the bill and feet.
The former is much less angular, narrower, and barely straight; the
gonys is decidedly rounded, and not keeled; and the tarsi and toes are
proportionally longer and slenderer.
(170) Yungipicus kizuki (TEMM.).
1836.—Picus kizuki TEMMINCK, PI. Color., IV, livr. 99 (text only).—Iyngipicus k. HaR-
GITT, Ibis, 1882, p. 36 (part).—Id., ibid., 1884, p. 100.
1836.—Picus kisuki TEMMINCK, Tab]. Méth., p. 64.—TEMM. & SCHLEG., Fauna Jap.
Aves, (p. 74, tab. xxxvii) (1849).—MALHERBE, Mon. Pic., I, p. 154, pl. xxxvi,
figs. 1, 2.—Buiak. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 229 ( part).—Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap.,
VIII, 1880, p. 208 ( part).—Tid., ibid., X, 1882, p. 134 (part).—SEEBONM, Ibis,
1879, p.29.—BLAKISTON, Chrysanth., Jan. 1833, p. 28 (part).—Td., ibid., Feb.
1883, p, —.—IJd., Amend, List B. Jap., p. 45, (1884).—Jouvy, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., VI, 1883, 308.—Tyngipicus k, SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1884, p. 169.
1845.— Picus zizuki GRAY, Gen. B., I, p. 435.
Mr. Hargitt has recently divided the Pygmy Woodpecker of Japan
into a southern form, the typical Y. kizuki, and a northern one, distin-
guished by being generally paler and having the white markings broader
and larger; the latter is his Y. seebohmi. ;
The habitat of these two forms is presumed to be Kiusiu for Y. kiz uki,
and Hondo-Yesso for Y. seebohmi (ef. Blakiston, A. L. B. J., pp. 45,
46),and Mr. Blakiston expresses some surprise at finding the bird from
the Main Island (Hondo) identical with the Yesso bird, and different
from the Kiusiu form, a state of affairs which would be nearly unique
among Japanese birds. A close examination of my material leads me
to quite different conclusions. In order to find out the true habitat of
a Woodpecker it is necessary to ascertain where it breeds, or, reversely,
*Dendrocopus immaculatus STEJNEGER, Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash., II, Aug. 10, 1884, p.
98.—Dryobates immaculatus STEJNEGER, Orn. Explor. Kamtsch., p. 231 (1885).
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 121
if we want to determine which form is peculiar to a certain locality, we
will have to find out which form breeds there. This is often difficult,
because most specimens in museums are autumn or winter birds
collected when these birds straggle over the country in all directions.
Of all the birds of this genus, which Blakiston collected, only one
(Blak. No. 2765, 2, Sapporo, Yesso, June 23, 1879, Hakod. Mus. No. 755)
is a breeding bird, while the others are obtained in September, Octo-
ber, and November. Of all the Yungipici collected by Messrs. Jouy and
Smith, three only were breeding birds, one of which reached our museuin
(U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 88705, 6, Fuji Yama, Hondo, June 28, 1882), all
the rest being collected in October, November, and December. And as
in these collections, so is the case probably in most others (Hargitt, Ibis,
1882, p. 37, does not give the date of the specimens examined by him).
Of Blakiston’s collection I have before me three autumnal birds from
Yesso; of Jouy’s there are four autumnal and one breeding bird, all
from the Middle Island (Hondo). Finally, my material comprises the
specimen of Ringer’s collection from Nagasaki (Kiusiu), which caused
the separation of Y. kizuki and seebohmi, and which Was taken to Leyden
and compared with the type of Temminck’s Y. kizuki.
This specimen is neither dated nor sexed; but I take it to bea female,
as it has no trace of red at the end of the superciliary streak, and the
condition of the plumage leads me to believe that it was collected rather
late in winter. It is apparently safe to regard it as typical of the south-
ern form.
The summer specimen from the Middle Island alluded to above may
be pronounced nearly identical with the Nagasaki bird. Apart from
the presence of the red spot in the former, the only difference consists
in a barely appreciably stronger wash of yellow on the lower surface of
the southern example; it may then be remarked that even this differ-
ence is probably more apparent than real, since the abrasion of the
plumage of the northern bird easily accounts for it, a conclusion war-
ranted by the fact that the autumnal birds from the north have the yel-
low wash quite pronounced. In the heavy streaking on the lower sur-
face; in the darkness of the brown patches on the sides of the breast,
and of the interscapular region; in the narrowness of the white mark-
' ings on the lower back and wings; in all these important points the two
birds agree so closely, that I have no hesitation in asserting, that the
form breeding in the Middle Island, not far from Yokohama, is the true
Y. kizuki of Temmincek.
Now, placing the three Yesso birds alongside the typical Kiusiu
bird a great difference is at once appreciable. Notwithstanding their
having a fresher plumage, the brown on top of head, hind neck, and
interscapulars is much paler, as if suffused with ashy; the white cross-
bands on back and wings are purer and considerably broader; the
outer tail-feathers, instead of being black with white cross-bars, are
Ao REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
white with black cross-bars, the streaks on the flanks and breast are
fewer and more indistinct, and the brown patches on the sides of the
breast are scarcely more than indicated. There can, I think, be no
doubt but what these may be safely regarded as typical Y. seebohmi.
I will now call attention to the four autumnal specimens, from Tate
Yama, on the Middle Island. Being collected at precisely the same
season as the Yesso birds, they offer all desirable advantages for a fair
comparison. It will be found at once that the two groups are readily
distinguished by essentially the same characters which separate Y.
seebohmi and Y. kizuki. The Tate Yama birds are browner on head and
neck; the lateral breast-patches are large and well defined, the streak-
ing is dense and dark, the white marks on back and wing are narrower.
In other words, taking the seasonal difference into consideration, the
Tate Yama specimens essentially conform with the Fuji Yama bird
which we have referred to Y. kizuki proper. The only appreciable dif-
ference I can detect by a minute examination is that the white bands
on the wings and tail in the four specimens is a trifle (perhaps 0.5™")
broader than in thé§specimeus alluded to.
To sum up, I find the Yesso bird, Y. seebohmi as here restricted,
quite different and easily separable from its southern representative,
and that the form which inhabits the Middle Island is inseparable from
the Nagasaki bird. I will not deny the possibility that a larger series
from the latter locality may show it to be slightly different from the bird
of the Middle Island, northeast of the line Owari-Tsuruga, but it is plain
to me that the birds south of *‘ Blakiston’s Line” are more different from
the Yesso bird than are Yokohama and Nagasaki specimens from each
other.
From the above it is evident that the Pygmy Woodpeckers of Japan
form no exception to the general rule of geographical distribution and
local differentiation in those islands. ‘‘Blakiston’s Line” is also in this
instance the dividing line which separates the representative forms,
whether they immigrated from the south and from the north into the
Japanese Empire as already distinct species, or they differentiated in
the islands after having spread over the archipelago by one of these
routes alone.
Measurements.
| Exterior
U.S. Nat. ae Sex . | Tail- |azxp.| Tar- | anterior
Mus. No.| and No. | aoe Locality. Date. Wing. feath- Cys sus. | toe, eee
a | out claw.
shes | | | oa peas i
96002 tae --| 9 ad| Near Nagasaki, Kiusiu!.........-.... 82 | 46 | | 15 | 10
88705 Jouy, 314 | dad} Fuji Yama, Hondo -- | June 28, 1882 ! 82. 45 14 16 | 10
91333 |Jouy, ie o at Tate Yama, Hondo. ...) Oct. 17, 1882 80 47 13 15 10
91427 |Jouy, 8224! gf ad|.-....- QO. ccee sk oe eee Nov. 30, 1882 Sb" sc=ae 13 15 10
91334 |Jouy, 780 | g aq vealed OO favs... Baasuees Nov. 25, 1882 S¥SUily pod 14 15 10
91426 |Jouy, 801 | O'ad!|'-2 5-2. dO); -.-=2- sate eee Nov. 20, 1882 90 | 52 14 15 10
' 1886.] PROCFEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 123
(1704) Yungipicus seebohmi HarkaiTr.
Ko-gera.
1862.—Picus kisuki BLAKISTON, Ibis, 1862, p. 325 (nec TEMM.).—Jd., Chrysanth., Jan.,
1883, p. 28 (part).—Id., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., XI, 1883, p. 137.—SWINHOE, Ibis,
1875, p. 451.— Bak. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 229 (part).—Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap.,
VIII, 1880, p. 208 (part).—Tid., ibid., X, 1882, p. 134 (part).
1884.—Tyngipicus seebohmi HARGITT, Ibis, Jan., 1884, p. 100.—SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1884, p.
179.—Picus s. BLAKISTON, Amend. List B. Jap., p. 45 (1884).
The distinguishing characters of this form have already been dis-
cussed under the foregoing species. It breeds in Yesso, whence in
winter it probably straggles across the Tsugaru Strait into Northern
Hondo.
Measurements.
3 | ol g | $e! 2
=f » a a
= 3 | 8 | aa
es Collector | Sex and ; 3 14 _ {4 a
ZA and No. age Locality. Dates loos | une | a2 s
. a = | a 2 29 o
wn Hei eres ae cai 2 \ieceulipco
5 | | Sin ipa Be
Db | | | F |e ; A | a |Ae| A
— |
96004 | Blak, 3213. . | (od) ad.. | Sapporo, Yesso ..| Oct. 26, 1882! 85 lig 13 | 15 | TOM) 142
96005 | Blak, 3214. . | (G)kade eS aoe ste Oct. 26,1882! 83 |}. 134|), 5 F100 139
96003 | Blak, 2766...) (2) ad.. 16 11 155
| | |
BV CO anne Sear | Nov. 9, Part ee ae 13 |
DRYOCOPUS Bolg.
1826.—Dryocopus Borg, Isis, 1826, p. 978 (type P. martius LINN.).
1828.— Dendrocopus BREHM, Isis, 1828, p. 1274 (nee VIEILL., 1816) (same type).
1829.—Carbonarius Kaup, Entw. Eur. Thierw., p. 131 (same type).
1831.—Dryotomus SWAINSON, Faun. Bor. Amer., II, p. 301 (same type).
1837.—Hemilophus Swatnson, Classif. B., II, p. 309 (type pulverulentus), (nec SERV.
1835).
1849.—Dryopicus MALHERBE, Mém. Ac. Metz, 1849-1850, p. 320.
1850.—Dryopicus MALHERBE, Class. Nouv. Pic., Sept. 1850, p. ——.
es. BONAPARTE, Consp. Vol. Zygodact. Estr. Aten. Ital., No. 8, 1854,
7 (type pulverulentus TEMM.).
1854. Bea aninicis BONAPARTE, Consp. Vol. Ty zodact, Estr. Aten. Ital., No. 8,
1254, p. 7 (type modestus V1G.).
1854.—Alophonerpes REICHENBACH, Handb. Sp. Ornith., II, Oct. 1, p. 385 NIE pulveru-
lentus).
1855.—Picus Gray, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Br. Mus., p. 91 (type martius L.).
1861.—Alophus MALHERBE, Monogr. Pic., I, p. 47 (type pulverulentus), (nec SCHONH.,
1826).
1861.—Macropicus MALHERBE, Monogr. Pic., I, p. liii (same type).
1863.—Thriponax CABANIS & HeiINE, Mus. Hein., IV, p. 105 (type P. javensis
HOorRsr.).
SYNOPSIS OF THE JAPANESE SPECIES OF THE GENUS DRYOCOPUS.
a}, Abdomen and lower back black as the rest of the plumage (Dryocopus)..D. martius,
a3, Abdomen and lower back white (9?) (Thriponan) ......----..-------D. richardsi.
124 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
(171) Dryocopus martius (LINN.).
Great Black Woodpecker. Kuma-gera.
1758.--Picus martius LInn., S. N. 10 ed., I, p. 112.—Jd., 8. N. 12. ed., I, p. 173 (1766).—
Dryocopus m. BONAP., Geogr. Comp. List, p. 39 (1838).— BLAKISTON, Ibis, 1862,
p. 325.—Id., Chrysanth., Jan., 1883, p. 38.—IJd., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 28
(1884).—SWINHOE, Ibis, 1875, p. 451.—BLakIstT. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 229.-—
Tid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., VIII, 1880, pp. 177, 2038.—Tid., ibid., X, 1882, p. 135.
1758.—Picus cornicinus LINN., S. N. 10 ed., I, p. 113 (sub P. pileatum).
1831.—Dendrocopus pinetorum BREHM, Handb, Vég. Deutschl., p. 185.
1855.—Dryocopus alpinus BREHM, Naumannia, 1855, p. 274.
1855.—Dryocopus niger BREHM, Naumannia, 1855, p. 274.
Not having access to Japanese specimens of the present species, our
Museum possessing none from Japan, I abstain from further remarks.
Subgenus THRIPONAX Cas. & HEINE.
(1714) Dryocopus richardsi* TRIST.
Richards’s Woodpecker.
1879.—Dryocopus richardsi TRIstRAM, P. Z. S., 1879, p. 336, pl. xxxi.—BLAKIST.
Amend. List B. Jap., p. 46 (1884).—Mulleripicus r. WALLACE, Island Life, p.
363 (1881).—BLakIsT. & PRYER, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., X, 1882, p. 136.—Thriponax
r. HARGITT, Ibis, 1885, p. 156.
Beyond the descriptions and remarks by Tristram and Hargitt (Il.
cc.) on the type specimen, a female from Tshu Shima, which, to our
knowledge, is still unique, nothing is known about the present species.
*To Vice-Admiral Sir George Henry Richards, H. Br. M.N.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 125
CATALOGUE OF ANIMALS COLLECTED BY THE GEOGRAPHICAL
AND EXPLORING COMMISSION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MEXICO.
By FERNANDO FERRARI-PEREZ,
Chief of the Natural History Section.
PREFATORY NOTE.
The Geographical and Exploring Commission of the Republic of
Mexico was established by an act of Congress in the year 1877 at the
recommendation of the President of the Republic, General Porfirio Diaz,
and finally organized at the end of 1878. At that time the Commission
consisted only of the Director, Mr. Agustin Diaz, C. E., who still holds
the same position, and four more engineers detailed by the Department
of Public Works (Secreteria de Fomento). The original object of the
Commission was the preparation of a general map of the Republic,
the previous non-existence of such a map being due to the accidental
loss of the plans and the data pertaining to an earlier topographical
survey of the country.
In view of the important results obtained during a short period of
work, and at the suggestion of the Director, the Secretary of War,
toward the end of 1879, resolved to approve the augmentation of the
Commission by ten officers, engineers of the scientific corps of the gen-
eral staff, and to appoint the present writer as Naturalist of the Com-
mission. By this enlargement the Commission obtained such palpable
results that the Government was subsequently induced to increase its
facilities by appointing additional members whenever it was found de-
sirable, until the Commission now consists of twenty engineers appointed
by the Secretary of Public Works and thirty by the Secretary of War.
In the astronomical, geodetic, and topographical branches the follow-
ing results have been obtained to date: 26 plans of cities, towns, and
villages, some drawn to a scale of 1: 5,000 and others to a scale of 1:
10,000; 13 sheets of the topographical chart of the surroundings of
Pueblo to a scale of 1: 20,000, already published ; 30 sheets of the geo-
graphical chart of the Republic to a scale of 1: 100,000 (the publication
of which by the Government bas not yet been consummated), each one
of these sheets comprising an area of 212,000 hectares, conseyuently the
thirty sheets already completed have together a total area of 6,360,000
hectares, equal to 15,715,560 acres. Each one of these sheets is accom-
panied by a volume constituting an atlas which contains on a large
scale all the details and data pertaining to its history. The following
States are represented in their entire extent: The Federal District,
Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Morelos; while only portions of Hidalgo, Mexico,
Vera Cruz, Nuevo Leon, and Tamaulipas are included. Special maps
of each State will be published as soon as all the sheets of the general
126 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
map containing portions of a particular State shall have been finished.
Every plan, map, or portion of a map prepared by the Geographical
Commission carries an inscription indicating the date of its preparation,
the persons by whom it has been prepared, and, in general, all the ex-
planations necessary to elucidate the history of its construction and the
degree of reliance which can be placed in it; the numerical data in-
cluded in the tables being referred to points plainly visible and perfectly
fixed. This system, introduced by the Commission, has the advantage
of establishing several points of comparison which in future work may be
utilized for reference. The methods employed are the most exact ones
known which can be adapted to the circumstances of the country, sev-
eral new methods rendered necessary by special topographical conditions
having been devised by the Director.
The work at the offices has been considerably facilitated by the estab-
lishment of small lithographic and photographie galleries at the head-
quarters of the Commission. At the former are printed the different
kinds of blanks and diagrams for the scientific service, including the
schemes for the geodetic and astronomical calculations, which when
brought tc gether form a collection illustrating the methods and instru-
ments rendered necessary by peculiar circumstances of travel and trans-
portation. By means of these schemes there has been obtained a much
greater promptness in the work, more exact interpretation of the signs
in the employment of the formulas, and a uniformity which permits an
easy revision of the calculations should any be desired. In the photo-
graphic gallery the reduction of the maps for different purposes is made.
In the natural history division of the Commission the work has thus
far consisted in the preparation of a part of the geological map, corre-
sponding to two sheets of the general map, at a scale of 1:100,000, and
in bringing together an extensive collection of specimens of the different
branches of natural history, catalogues of which will appear in these
‘* Proceedings.”
The considerable expense necessary for the acquisition of the very costly
instruments to be used by the astronomical and topographical division of
the Commission has not yet permitted in the natural history division the
formation of a library sufficiently complete to insure the success of its
work. For that reason no formal publication has been attempted as
yet; but when General Porfirio Diaz, who fully appreciates the impor-
tance of the work of the Commission, ordered it to take part in the
Exposition at New Orleans, the collections of natural history objects
were shipped in advance in order to have the identifications of the
specimens revised and completed before the opening of the Exposition.
Unfortunately, the steamer (the City of Merida) in which they were
shipped to New York was burned at Havana on the 29th of August,
1384, causing the loss of the entire collection, consisting of 123 boxes,
besides all the baggage of the present writer, wherein was included ali
the manuscripts pertaining to the collections. The Commission, desir-
» 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 124
ous of repairing this loss as soon as possible, and of sending at least
some specimens to the Exposition, in order to profit by the oppor-
tunity of having them exactly identified by comparison with specimens
in the rich collections of the United States, proceeded with all possible
activity to collect new material during the months of Cetober, Novem-
ber, December, and part of January. The collections thus obtained
were packed during the latter part of January and shipped about the
middle of February to New Orleans. At the Exposition the Grand
Diploma ot Honor was awarded to the Commission for the excellence
of its exhibit as a whole.
In selecting the scientific establishment wherein to make the neces-
sary comparisons and identifications, the Director of the Commission
decided upon the United States National Museum, in charge of the
Smithsonian Institution, on account of its world-wide reputation, to the
great satisfaction of the present writer, who, had it rested with him
alone, should have made no other selection, attracted as he was by
the kind courtesies received from the celebrated Director of the above-
named establishment, Prof. S. F. Baird, who has provided the natural-
ists of the Commission with all the facilities at his command in order
to assist in the execution of our task. We profit by this opportunity
to express our profound gratitude for the very kind interest manifested
by him in our work.
I—MAMMALS.
By F. FrrRRaArI-PEREZ.
The difficulty of collecting and preserving mammals accounts for the
insignificant number of specimens which we were able to bring together
during the short time between the destruction of the original collection
by the conflagration and the opening of the exposition. All those num-
bered in the following brief list have been verified by Prof. Frederick
W. True, the curator of the department of mammals.
Fam. EMBALLONURID A.
1. Molossus rufus Et. Geoffroy.
Molossus rufus Et. Geotfroy, Ann. du Mus., VI, 1805, p. 154. Alston, Biol.
Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 31.
Vulg.— Murciélago, Raton viejo.
Hab.—State of Chiapas: ? No.6 ad., 8? juv., 9 éjuv.
2. Molossus glaucinus (Wagner).
Dysopes glaucinus Natt., Wagner, Wiegm. Archiv, 1843, p. 368.
Molossus glaucinus Dobson, P. Z. 8., 1876, p. 714, fig. 2; Cat. Chirop. Brit.
Mus., 187%, p. 417.
Vulg.—Murciélago, Raton viejo.
128 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Fam. PHYLLOSTOMID A.
3. Artibeus perspicillatus (Linneus).
Vespertilio perspicillatus Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 31.
Artibeus perspicillatus Gray, Mag. Zool. & Bot., II, 1839, p. 487. Alston, Biol.
Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 47.
Vulg.—Murciélago, Raton viejo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 2754, 2762.
State of Chiapas: ? No.12,2¢ juv.,39,4¢4 juv.
4. Vampyrops lineatus (Et. Geoffroy).
Phyllostoma lineatum Et. Geoffroy, Ann. du Mus., XV, 1810, p. 180.
Vampyrops lineatus Peters, Monatsb. Ak. Berl., 1865, p. 356. Alston, Biol.
Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 48.
Vulg. —Murciélago, Raton viejo.
Hab.—State of Chiapas: ? No. 72.
Fam. FELID.
5. Felis tigrina (Erxleben).
Felis tigrina Erxleben, Syst. Reg. An., 1777, p. 517. Alston, Biol. Centr.
Am. Mam., 1879-22, p. 61.
Vulg.—Figrillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 326 ¢.
6. Lynx rufus (Guldenstidt).
Felis ruffa Guldenstaidt, Nov. Comm. Petrop., XX, 1776, p. 499.
Lynx rufus Rafinesque, Am. Month. Mag., II, 1817, p. 46.
Felis rufa Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 64.
Vulg.—Gato montes de cola corta.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Tstatcihualt (S. Martin Texmelucan), No.
295 6, August.
Fam. PROCYONID.
7. Bassaris astuta Wagler.
Bassaris astuta Lichtenstein, Abh. Ak. Berl., 1827, p. 119 (descr. nulla).
Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 513, (descr. orig.). Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam.
1879-22, p. 72.
Vulg.—Cacomistle.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Puebla, No. 12 2, February.
8. Cercoleptes caudivolvulus (Pallas).
Viverra caudivolvula Pallas in Schreber’s Siiugth., III, 1777, p. 453, pl.
CXXV.B.
Cercoleptes caudivolvulus, Tomes, P. Z. S., 1861, p. 280. Alston, Biol. Centr.
Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 76.
Vulg.—Marta, Martucha.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 297 ¢.
i 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 129
Fam. MUSTELID&.
9. Putorius brasiliensis frenatus (Lichtenstein).
Mustela frenata Lichenstein, Darst. new Siugt., 1834, pl. XLII.
Putorius (Gale) brasiliensis frenatus Coues, Fur-bearing An., 1877, p. 142.
Mustela brasiliensis Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, 78.
Vulg.—Onzita, Comadreja.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Huexotitla, No. 309 3, January.
Fam. SCIURIDZ.
10. Sciurus aureogaster F. Cuvier.
Sciurus aureogaster F, Cuvier, Hist. Mam. III, livr. LIX, 1829 (with a fig.).
Sciurus variegatus, Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 127.
Vulg.—Ardilla canela, Ardillon canels.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 315 ¢.
11. Spermophilus grammurus (Say).
Sciurus grammurus Say Long’s Expd. Rock. Mount., II, 1828, p. 72.
Spermophilus grammurus Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 136.
Vulg.—Ardillon, Ardilla pinta de tierra.
Hab.--State of Puebla: S. Salvador el Verde (Huejocingo)., No. 308
2, September.
12. Spermophilus mexicanus (Lichtenstein).
Citillus Mexicanus Lichtenstein, Darstel. Siugt., 1827-34 (not paged), tab.
XXXI, fig. 2.
Spermophilus Mexicanus Wagner, Suppl. Schreb., III, 1843, p. 250. Alston,
Biol. Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 137.
Vulg.—Huron, Moto, Ardilla.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Puebla, No. 312 ¢.
Fam. GEOMYIDA.
13. Geomys mexicanus (Lichtenstein).
Ascomys mexicanus Lichtenstein, Abh. Ak. Berl., 1827, p. 113 (1830, descr. orig).
Geomys mexicanus Richardson, Sixth Ann. Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1836,
1837, p. 150. Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 159.
Vulg.—Tuza.
Hab.—State of Puebla: 8. Isidro (Puebla), No. 319 6, September.
14. Geomys sp?
Vulg.—Tuza.
Hab.—State of Chiapas: ? No. 11, 12.
The present species is only represented by two extremely young
specimens. The careful examination of their crania by Mr. True and
myself revealed features considerably different from those of the other
species known, but as the U. 8S. National Museum possesses no speci-
mens of exactly corresponding age it has been thoaght prudent to
await the arrival of additional material before expressing any definite
opinion.
Proc. N. M. 86-——9 September 15, 1886.
130 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Fam. HYSTRICID 4.
15. Synetheres mexicanus (Kerr).
Hystrix mexicana Kerr, Linn. An. Kingd., p. 214 (1792, ex Pennant).
Synetheres mexicanus Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam., 1879-82, p. 170.
Vulg.—Huistlacuachi, Bistlacuachi, Hoitztlacuatzin.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 3282.
Fam. LEPORID A.
16. Lepus sylvaticus Bachman.
Lepus sylvaticus Bachman, Jour. Ac. Philad. VII, 1837, p. 403. Alston, Biol.
Centr. Am. Mam. 1879-82, p. 176.
Vulg.—Conejo real.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Atlixco, No. 3162.
Fam. DASYPODIDZ.
17. Tatusia novemcincta (Linnzeus).
Dasypus novemcinctus, Linneus, Syst. Nat. I, 1758, p. 51.
Tatusia novemcincta Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam. 1879-82, p. 188.
Vulg.—Armadillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 332 6, juv., 332a2, juv.
Fam. DIDELPHID2.
18. Didelphis virginiana Kerr.
Didelphis virginiana Kerr, Linn. An. Kingd., p. 193 (1792, ex Pennant).
Didelphys virginiana Alston, Biol. Centr. Am. Mam. 1879-82, p. 196.
Vulg.—Tlacuachi, Tlacuache, Tlacoatzin.
Hab.—State of VeraCruz: Jalapa, No. 5273, 327a@.
II—BIRDS.
By F. FERRARI PEREZ.
WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES, AND CRITICAL REMARKS ON OTHERS OF GREAT
OR LESS RARITY OR INTEREST,
By RoBert RipGway.
During the preparation of the present list we have had the benefit
of free access to the rich collection of birds in the U. S. National Mu-
seum, consisting of 39,000 specimens of the reserve or study skin series,
7,000 mounted specimens of the exhibition series, 7,500 duplicates for
exchange, and 2,500 birds in alcohol, making a total of 56,000 specimens
actually in existence. No less useful to me, or even more so, has been
the active and intelligent assistance of Prof. Robert Ridgway, the cura-
tor of the department of birds, and I have also received some benefit
from Dr. L. Stejneger’s intimate knowledge of the ornithological litera-
ture; both these gentlemen have taken the greatest pleasure in facili-
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED. STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 131
tating my work, permitting me with great kindness and liberality to
consult and use their valuable manuscripts. It is a pleasant duty for
me to hereby acknowledge publicly my gratitude.
The present catalogue is only the initial step toa more extensive
work on the birds of Mexico, which the Geographical and Exploring
Commission intends to publish at some future time.
It will be perceived that the rules of nomenclature adopted by the
“American Ornithologists’ Union” have been followed, while Messrs.
Seclater and Salvin’s “‘ Nomenclater Avium Neotropicalium” has been
adhered to as regards the sequence of the families. The sex, locality,
and date of each specimen have been noted with great care at the
time of collecting, and in case where any doubt has arisen as to the ac-
curacy of a particular statement caused by some unavoidable accident,
it has been entirely suppressed or marked with a query; all other state-
ments not thus marked are entirely reliable.
Fam. TURDID.
1. Turdus aonalaschke auduboni (Baird).
Turdus auduboni Baird, Rev. of Am. Birds, p.16; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr.
Am. Aves, I, p. 14.
TL wrdus] aonalaschke auduboni Ridgw., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., II, p. 1.
Vulg.—Mirlo.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Chachapa, No. 50a 2, May.
2. Ridgwayia pinicola (Sclater).
Turdus pinicola, Selater, P. Z. S., 1859, p. 334. Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr.
Am. Aves, I, p. 23.
Ridgwayia pinicola, Stejnueger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, p. 460.
Vulg.—Primavera.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Teziutlan, No. 188a 2? , November.
[An adult (?) female from Teziutlan, State of Puebla (November, 1884),
is in general appearance much like an Orizabva specimen in the National
Museum collection (No. 37472, F. Sumichrast), but differs as follows:
The whitish portions of the plumage incline more decidedly to dull buff
or light isabella color, except the edgings on basal half of the outer
webs of the secondaries and the patch at base of the primaries, which
are quite pure white; the lighter streaks of the head and neck are
broader and more distinct. The differences are perhaps seasonal, the
Orizaba specimen being apparently in spring or summer plumage.
Wing, 5.30; tail, 3.40; culmen, .90; bill from basal fossa, .45; gonys,
40; tarsus, .95; middle toe, .85.—R. R.]
3. Merula tristis Swainson.
Merula tristis Swainson, Phil. Mag., New Ser., 1827, p. 369.
Turdus tristis Salvin & Godman, Biol. Centr. Am. Zool. Av., I, 1879, p. 15.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 390 ¢, August.
132 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
4. Merula grayi (Bonaparte).
Turdus grayi Bonaparte, P. Z. S., 1837, p. 118 ; Salvin & Godman, Biol. Centr. —
Am. Zool. Av., I, 1879, p. 18.
Merula grayi Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, p. 386,
Vulg.—Primavera.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 356 2, juv., September.
5. Merula migratoria propinqua, Ridgway.
Turdus propinquus, Ridgw., Bull. of the Nutt. Club, IT, p. 9.
Merula migratoria propinqua, Ridgw., Nom. of N. A. Birds, p. 11.
Turdus migratorius, Linn. in Salvy. & Godm. Biol. Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 20.
Vulg.—Primavera café.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Teziutlan, No. 189 ¢ , November.
6. Merula flavirostris, Swainson.
Merula flavirostris, Swains., Phil. Mag., New. Ser., I, p. 369.
Turdus flavirostris, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 21.
Vulg.—Primavera, Chivillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Chietla, No. 171 ¢, No. 171la 2, December;
Chiantla, No. 355 ¢.
7. Melanotis czrulescens (Swains.).
Orpheus caerulescens, Swains., Phil. Mag., New Ser., I, p. 369.
Melanotis cerulescens, Bonap. Comp., I, 1850, p. 276; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr.
Am. Aves, I, p. 28.
Vulg.—Mulato, Primavera.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Chietla, No. 167 ¢,167a2,December. State
of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, No. 3742, 375 3, 4714, August.
8. Harporhynchus curvirostris (Swains.).
Orpheus curvirostris, Swains., Phil. Mag., New Ser., I, p. 369.
Harporhynchus curvirostris, Caban., Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p.81; Salvin & God-
man, Biol. Centr. Am. Ayes, I, p. 32.
Vulg.—Cuitlacoche de pecho pinto oscuro.
Hab.—State of Puebla: No. 233a 2, Chietla, December.
{An adult female from Chietla, State of Pueblo (December, 1884),
agrees with examples from the Rio Grande Valley, and is no smaller,
its measurements, compared with those of No. 73681, Hidalgo, Texas
(April 17; G. B. Sennett), being as follows:
9 from Puebla. . = 4.1
? from Texas...-.| 3.9
|
- 95
- 95
1.30
1. 25
1. 00
0
3 - 95
4.30 | 1.30
4. 20 | 1.35
BR B4
9. Mimus polyglottos (Linn.)
Turdus polyglottos, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, p. 169. :
Mimus polyglottos, Bonap.; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 35.
Vulg.—Centrontle.
Hab.—State of Puebla. No. 173 6, No. 173a ? , Chietla, December.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. if
wo
Oo
Fam. SYLVIIDE.
10. Myadestes obscurus, Lafr.
Myadestes obscurus, Lafr., Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 98.
Myiadectes obscurus, Salvin & Godman, Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 40.
Vulg.—Clarin.
Hab.—State of Puebla. No. 161 6, Teziutlan, November.
[An adult male from Teziutlan, State of Puebla (November, 1584),
is essentially identical in coloration and other characters with examples
from Orizaba, Vera Cruz. (Cf. STEJNEGER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., iv,
1881, p. 371.)—R. R.]
11. Sialia azurea, Baird.
Sialia azurea, Baird, Review of American Birds, I, p. 62.
Sialia azurea? Swains., Phil. Mag., New Ser. (1827), I, p. 369 (deser. nulla).
Sialia sialis, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 45.
Vulg.—Tempestad.
Hab.—State of Puebla. S. Martin Texmelucan, No. 75 ¢, December;
No. 3206, January.
State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 362 ¢, 389 3, 401 6 , 406 ¢, August.
[T'wo adult males from S. Martin Texmelucan, State of Puebla (De-
cember, 1884, and January, 1885), agree strictly with other Mexican
examples in those characters which separate S. azurea from SN. sialis.|
These consist in (1) the decidedly more greenish shade of the blue,
(2) decidedly lighter and less purplish tint of the breast, etc., and (3)
the encroachment of the latter over the malar region and sides of the
neck. In 8S. sialis the malar region is wholly blue, like the auriculars,
the chin itself usually blue, and the sides of the neck are mostly blue.
In S. azurea, on the other hand, the chin and anterior portion of the
malar region are whitish, the posterior half or more of the malar region
cinnamon-rufous, like the throat, and the sides of the neck chiefly cin-
namon-rufous, this color even sometimes nearly meeting across the
cervix. The two specimens measure as follows:
Number. Date. Wing.| Tail. ise Tarsus, na |
Re ea or
| No. 75. ... | Dec., 1884. 4.10 2.70 | . 39 . 85 . 60 |
2. 80
| No. 320. -- Jan., 1885.| 4.10 | . 85 | . 80 . 58 |
12. Regulus calendula (Linn.).
Motacilla calendula, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, p. 337.
Regulus calendula, Licht., Verz. Doubl., 1823, No. 408; Salv. & God., Biol.
Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 49.
Vulg.— Verdin aplomado, Verdin de moto colorado.
Hab.—State of Puebla. No. 1284, Teziutlan, November; No. 11°,
Garita de Tlaxcalor, in the city of Puebla.
134 CATALOGUE OI" MEXICAN ANIMALS.
13. Polioptila ceerulea (Linn.).
Motacilla cerulea, Linn., Syst. Nat., 12, I, 1766, p. 337.
Polioptila cerulea, Scl., P. Z.S., 1855, p. 11; Salv. & God., Biol. Centr. Am.,
Aves, I, p. 50.
Vulg.—Pespirria, Papamoscas aplomadito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 10¢.
Fam. PARIDA.
14. Psaltriparus melanotis (Hart].).
Parus melanotis, Hartl., Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 216.
Psaltriparus melanotis, Bonap., Compt. Rend., XXXVIII, 1854, p. ; Salv. |
& Godm., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 58.
Vulg.—Sastre.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 494, No. 49a 2, November.
[An adult female, almost certainly of this species, differs from the
male in the absence of any black on the head, except an indistinct,
though rather broad streak along the sides of the occiput, above the
auriculars. The auriculars and orbits are light grayish brown, fading
into paler brown on the malar region and lores. It thus corresponds
well with the Psaltrites helviventris, of Cabanis, as described in the
“ Journal fiir Ornithologie ” for July, 1851, p. 333, and figured on plate
4, fig. 1 of the same journal for Jctober, 1881. A translation of Ca-
banis’s description is as follows:
‘¢ Upper parts olive-gray, hood pure gray, back brown. Throat and
sides of neck white. Chin, bridle, orbital and auricular region, as well
as the lower breast, light brown. The gray hood is separated on both
sides from the light brown sides of the head by a black stripe begin-
ning behind the eye.
“The species is distinguished from the related Psaltrites melanotis by
the light brown (not black) cheeks, and from P. minimus by the gray
(not brown) hood.
“Tt inhabits Western Mexico (Tehuantepec?) (Mus. Berol.).”
Since the specimen referred to was obtained at the same time with a
male of P. melanotis (at Teziutlan, in the State of Puebla, in November,
1884), while it agrees in all respects with the latter except in the color-
ation of the sides of the head, there can be no reasonable doubt that it
is the same species and therefore that P. helviventris must be consid-
ered as a synonym of P. melanotis.
The two specimens measure as follows:
won ee |
| | |
| St 1.90 | 2.10 | Tris ‘‘ black.”’ |
| 9 | 1.90 | 2.10 | Iris yellow.
}
|
R. RB.)
15. Parus meridionalis, Scl.
Parus meridionalis, Scl., P. Z. §., 1856, p. 293; 1857, p. 81; 1858, p. 299; 1859,
p. 363 ; Salv. & God., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 57.
Vulg.—V aloncito.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 135
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 142 6, November.
[A male from Teziutlan, November, 1584, is similar in plumage to
specimens from Mirador and Orizaba, and measures as follows: Wing,
3.00; tail, 2.55; culmen, .42; tarsus, .70. The biack of the throat ex-
tends backward 1.05 inches from the mental apex.—R B.|
16. Parus wollweberi (Bonap.).
Lophophanes wollweberi, Bonap., Compt. Rend., XXXI, p. 478; Sal. & Godm.,
Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 56.
Parus wollweberi, Henry, Pr. Phila. Acad., VII, 1855, p. 309.
Vulg.—Copeteoncito, Obispillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chachapa, No. 24 6, January; No. 23 é,
March; No 23a 2, December.
[Three specimens from Chachapa, Puebla (March, 1884, December,
1884, and January, 1885). These appear to be undistinguishable from
examples from New Mexico and Arizona. The longer feathers of the
crest are very much recurved, and this character I have not observed
in any of the United States specimens; but the latter are all dried
skins, whereas the three Puebla specimens were mounted from the
freshly killed birds, which may account for the difference. Their meas-
urements are as follows:
Wing.
| Tail.
Culmen
Tarsus
No. 24 o'..-|
No. 23 4
No. 23a 9 .-
- 60
- 60
. 60
Col. Comision Geogratica Exploradora de Mexico, January, 1885.
Col. Comision Geografica Exploradora de Mexico, March, 1884.
Col. Comision Geogiafica Exploradora de Mexico, December, 1884.
0,0,
94
ben bo
co]
cco
wre
Bm OOD
coun
o> He CD
ocoew
R. R.]
Fam. TROGLODYTID.
17. Campylorhynchus jocosus, Scl.
Campylorhynchus jocosus, Scl., P. Z. S., 1859, p. 371; Salv. & Godm., Biol.
Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 66.
Vulg.—Saltapared alacranero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 45 6, No. 45a 2, No. 14346, De-
cember.
18. Campylorhynchus zonatus (Less. ).
Picolaptes zonatus, Less., Cent. Zool., p. 210, t. 70.
Campylorhyrchus zonatus, Gray, Gen. Birds, I, 1847, p. 159; Salv. & God.,
Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 68.
Vulg.—Ayacatcho.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Mazatiopam (Tehuacan), No. 137 6, 137a 2,
- November.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 360 $ , 371 6, September.
19. Salpinctes obsoletus (Say).
Troglodytes obsoleta, Say, Long’s Exp., II, p. 4.
Salpincles obsoletus, Cab., Arch. f. Naturg., XIII, p. 323; Salv. & Godmn.,
Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 71.
Vulg.—Saltapared de barranea.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 130 ¢, December.
136 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN AMIMALS.
20. Henicorhina leucosticta (Cab.).
Cyphorhinus leucostictus, Cab., Arch. f. Naturg., Jahrg. XIII, I, p. 206.
Henicorhina leucosticta, Salv., P. Z. 8., 1870, p. 181; Salv. & God., Biol. Centr.
Am., Aves, I, p. 79.
Vulg.—Saltapared de Tular.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 125 ¢, November.
21. Thryothorus bewickii bairdi (Salv. & Godm.).
Thryothorus bairdi, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 95.
Thryothorus b.wickii bairdi, Ridgw., Proc. of U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 354.
Vulg.—Saltapared aplomado.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No.6 ¢, No. 6a ?, No. 28 6, De-
cember.
22. Troglodytes brunneicollis Scl.
Troglodytes brunneicollis, Scl., P. Z. 8., 1858, p. 297, 1859, p. 372, 1862, p. 18;
Saiv. & God., Biol. Centr. Am., Avés, I, p. 103.
Vulg.—Matraca.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 1413, December.
Fam. MOTACILLIDA.
23. Anthus pensilvanicus (Lath.).
Alauda pensilvanica, Lath., Synops. Supl., I, p. 287 (1787).
Anthus pensilvanicus, Thienem., Rhea, II, p. 171; Stejneger, Auk, I, p. 168.
Anthus ludovicianus, Sci., P. Z. S., 1856, p. 293; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr.
Am., Aves, I, p. 108.
Vulg.—Alondra de la majada.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 43 ¢, December.
24. Anthus spragueii (Aud.).
Alauda spragueii, Aud. B. Am. VII. 1848, 335, pl. 486.
Anthus spraguei, Baird, Rev. Am. B. I, 1864, 145.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 43a 2, December.
[This specimen extends the known southward range of the species
about 1,000 miles in a direct line, the most southern previous record
being Southeastern Texas. (NEHRLING, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, 1882,
p. 8.)—R. B.]
Fam. MNIOTILTID 2.
25. Seiurus motacilla (Vieillot).
Turdus motacilla, Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., II, 1807, p.9, pl. 65.
Siurus motacilla, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Club, II, 1877, p.33; Salvin & Godman,
Biol. Centr. Am., Zool., Av., I, 1881, p. 147.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 435 6, August.
26. Mniotilta varia (Linn. ).
Motacilla varia, Linn., Syst. Na’., I, p. 333 (ed. duod.).
Mniotilta varia, Vieill., Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXI, 1818, p. 230; Salv. &
Godm., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 110.
Vulg.—Verdin rayado del sauce.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 14¢.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 137
27. Dendroica virens (Gmel.).
Motacilla virens, Gmel., Syst. Nat., I, p. 985.
Dendroica virens, Baird, B. N. Am., 1828, p. 267; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr.
Am., Aves, I, p. 137.
Vulg.—Verdin de toca amarilla.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 123 ¢ , November.
28. Dendroica chrysoparia, Sc]. & Salv.
Dendreca chrysoparia, Scl. & Salv., P. Z.S., 1860, p.298; Salv. & Godm. Biol.
Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 139.
Vulg.—Verdin ocotero de toca amarilla.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 106a 2, December.
29. Dendroica auduboni (Towns. ).
Sylvia auduboni, Towns., Journ. Ac. Phil., VII, p. 191.
Dendreca auduboni, Scl., P. Z. S., 1858, p. 298; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am.,
Aves, I, p. 128.
Vulg.—Verdin de cola amarilla.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 44, No. 4a 2, December.
30. Dendroica estiva (Gmel.).
Motacilla estiva, Gmel., Syst. Nat., I, p. 996.
Dendroica estiva, Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, p. 282; Salv. & Godin., Biol. Centr.
Am., Aves, I, p. 124.
Vulg.—Verdin amarilla.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 21 ¢, December.
31. Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster.
Geothlypis trichas occidentalis, Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Ornith, Club, VIII, p. 159.
Geothlypis trichas, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 150.
Vulg.—Verdin de antifaz.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 264, January.—State of
Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 26a 2, No. 27a 2 , January.
32. Sylvania pusilla (Wils.).
Muscicapa pusilla, Wils., Am, Orn., IL{, p. 103, t. 26, p. 4.
Sylvania pusilla, Nutt., Man., I, 2d ed., 1840, p. 335.
Myjiodioctes pusillus, Bonap., Consp., I, 1850, p. 315; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr.
Am., Aves, I, p. 168.
Vulg.—Verdin de cabeza negra.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 12492, October; Huexotitla,
No. 56, 5a 2, November.
State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 368 3, No. 483 4 , September.
33. Setophaga miniata, Swains.
Setophaga miniata, Swains., Phil. Mag., new ser., I, p. 368; Salv. & Godm., Biol.
Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 181.
Vulg.—Guajolotito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 9 ¢, October.
138 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
34. Euthlypis lacrymosa (Bonap.).
Basileuterus lacrymosus, Bonap., Comp., p. 314.
Euthlypis lacrymosa, Caban., Mus. Hein., I, p. 19 (note).
Setophaga lacrymosa, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 184.
Vulg.—Saltapared amarillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Acatlan, No. 80¢.
35. Ergaticus ruber (Swains. ).
Setophaga rubra, Swains., Phil. Mag., new ser., J, p. 368.
Ergaticus ruber, Ridgw., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, p.174; Salv. & Godm.,
Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 164.
7ulg.—Coloradito de patilla blanea.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Istatcihuatl (Texmeluean), No. 15 ¢ , Septem-
ber; Chachapa, No.16 6, November; Teziutlan, No, 120 $ , December.
36. Icteria virens (Linn.).
Turdus virens, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, p. 171.
Icteria virens, Baird, Rev. Am. Birds, I, p. 228.
Icteria viridis, Bonap., P. Z. S., 1837, p.111; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am.
Aves, I, p. 157.
Vulg.—Calandria de agua.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 62 ¢, No. 62a 2, December.
Fam. VIRHONIDA.
37. Cyclorhis flaviventris, Lafresnaye.
Cycl laris] flaviventris, Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1842, p. 133.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 413 6, September; Plan del
Rio, No. 486 2 , August.
Fam. LANIID AS.
38. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides, Swains.
Lanius excubitorides, Swains. Faun. Bor.-Am., II, p. 115. t. 34.
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides, Coues, Key, 1872, p. 125.
Lanius ludovicianus, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am., Aves, I, p. 213.
Vulg.—Pegareborda. Pajaro gato.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 170 8 , October; Puebla, No.
170a 2, October.
[An adult male from Huexotitla, State of Puebla (October), agrees
with examples from the Western United States, but is slightly smaller,
the measurements being as follows: Wing, 3.75; tail, 3.90; culmen, .80;
bill, from nostril, .48; depth, at base, .35; tarsus, 1.02; middle toe, .65.—
R. RB. ]
Fam. AMPELIDS.
39. Ampelis cedrorum (Vieill).
Bombycilla cedrorum, Vieill, Ois. Am., Sept., I, p. 88, t. 57.
Ampelis cedrorum, Gray, Gen. Birds, I, 1249, p. 278. Salv. & Godm., Biol.
Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 215.
Vulg.—Filomena, Burrito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Rancho de Posada, No. 48a?, No. 108a 2,
March.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 139
40. Ptiliogonys cinereus, Swains.
Ptiliogonys cinereus, Swains., Phil. Mag., new ser., I, p. 368.
Ptilogonys cinereus, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 217.
Vulg.—Jaripa, Filomena.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No.131 ¢, No.13la 2, November.
State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 405 6, August; No. 386 ¢, September.
41. Phainopepla nitens (Swains.).
Ptilogonys nitens, Swains., An. in Menag., p. 285.
Phainopepta nitens, Scl., P. Z.S., 1858, p.543; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am.
Aves, I, p. 220.
Vulg.—Jilguero negro copeton.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Rancho del Aguacate, No. 46 ¢, April; Hue-
huetlan, No. 516, May.
Fam. HIRUNDINID A.
42. Progne leucogaster, Baird.
Progne leucogaster, Baird, Rev. Am. Birds, I, p. 280.
Progne chalybea, Saly. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 224.
Vulg.—Golondrina comun.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 182 6, No. 182a 2, No. 353 6,
489 ¢, August.
43. Petrochelidon lunifrons, (Say).
Hirundo lunifrons, Say, in Long’s Exp., II, p. 47.
Petrochelidon lunifrons, Scl. Cat. Am. B., p. 40.
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, Sel. & Salv., Nomencl. Av. Neotr., p. 14; Salv. &
Godm., Biol. Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 226.
Vulg.—Golondrina vencejo.
Hab.— State of Puebla. Acatlan, No. 153 ¢.
[An adult male from Acatlan, Puebla (date not given, but said to be
some time between January and May), is true P. lunifrons, and not P.
melanogaster (Swains.). |}
44. Stelgidoptery=x fulvipennis (Sclater).
Cotyle fulvipennis, Sclater, P. Z. S., 1859, p. 364.
Stelgidopteryx fulvipennis, Baird, Rev. Am. B., I, 1864, p. 316.
Stelgidopteryx serripennis, Salvin & Godman, Biol. Centr. Am. Zool. Av., I,
1883, p. 237.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 490 @, August.
* After a very careful and impartial investigation of the matter, I find myself un-
able to coincide with the views of those authors who would identify positively the
Hirundo pyrrhonota of Vieillot with the H. lunifrons of Say. It isimpossible to recon-
cile certain discrepancies in Vieillot’s description and those of the authorities upon
which his name was based, with the characters of the present bird; and, even grant-
ing that H. pyrrhonota Vieill. may have been, or even probably was, this bird, there
is no more occasion in this instance to ‘exchange a certainty for an uncertainty”
than in other cases which have been objected to. The same applies with equal, but
searcely greater, force to H. americana Gmel. As to the identity of the South
American with the North American bird, I have nothing to say, not having seen
specimens of the former; but it would be by no means remarkable if they were the
same species.—R. R.
140 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
ee
Fam. CQHAREBIDZ.
45. Diglossa baritula, Wag].
Digiossa baritula, Wagl., Isis, 1832, p. 281; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am.
Aves, I, p. 242.
Hab.—State of Puebla. 8S. Salvador el verde (Huejotringo) No. 20 2,
September.
Fam. TANAGRID A.
46. Euphonia elegantissima (Bonap.).
Pipra elegantissima, Bonap., P. Z. S., 1837, p. 112.
Euphonia elegantissima, Du Bus, Esq. Orn., t. 8; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr.
Am. Aves, I, p. 236.
Vulg.—Mongita de S. Bartolo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chachapa, No. 345a 2 , February.—State of
Vera Cruz. . Jalapa, No. 369 ¢, August.
47. Tanagra abbas, Lichtenstein.
Tanagra abbas, Lichtenstein, Preiz-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, p. 2; Salvin &
Godman, Biol. Centr. Am. Zool. Av., I, 1883, p. 278.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 370 ¢, August.
48. Piranga rubra (Linn.).
Fringilla rubra, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, p. 181.
Piranga rubra, Vieill., Ois. Am., Sept., 1807, p. iv.
Pyranga estiva, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Ain. Aves, I, p. 289.
Vulg.—A guacatero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 55 6, 55a 2, December; Hu-
exotitla, No. 72a 2, November.
49. Piranga hepatica, Swains.
Pyranga hepatica, Swains., Phil. Mag., new ser., I, p. 438; Salv. & Godm., Biol.
Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 291.
“ulg.—Cardinal.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 1344, No. 134a 2, November.
50. Piranga ludoviciana, (Wils.).
Tanagra ludoviciana, Wils., Am. Orn., III, p. 27, t. 20, f. 1.
Pyranga ludoviciana, Bonap., P. Z.S8., 1837, p. 116; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr.
Am. Aves, I, p. 297.
Vulg.—Triguero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 73a ¢ , December.
51. Chlorospingus olivaceus (Bonaparte).
Poospiza olivacea, Bonaparte, Comp., I, 1850, p. 473.
Chlorospingus olivaceus, Sclater, Tanagr. Cat. Specif., 1854, p. 6; Salvin & God-
man, Biol. Centr. Am. Zool. Av., I, 1884, p. 315.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 485 4, August.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 141
52. Buarremon brunneinucha (Lafresnaye).
Embernagra brunneinucha, Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 97.
Buarremon brunneinucha, Sclater, P. Z. S., 1856, p. 85; Salvin & Godman, Biol.
Centr. Am. Zool. Av., I, 1884, p. 319.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. La Banderilla (Jalapa), No. 430 3, Sep-
tember.
53. Buarremon albinucha (Lafr. & d’Orb.).
Embernagra albinucha, Lafr. & VOrb., Rey. Zool., 1838, p. 165.
Buarremon albinucha, Bonap., Consp., I, p. 484.
Buarremon albinucha, Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 321.
Vulg.—Calandria cerquera de cabeza blanca.
Hab.—State of Puebla. . Teziutlan, No. 135a 2 , December.
54. Saltator atriceps (Less.).
Tanagra (Saltator) atriceps, Less., Cent. Zool., p. 208, t. 69.
Saltator atriceps, Gray, Gen. Birds, I, 1844, p. 366; Salv. & Godm., Biol. Centr,
Am. Aves, I, p. 325.
Vulg.—Pico gordo, Quejoso.
Hab.—Staie of Oaxaca. Janhuitlan (?), No. 208 ¢.—State of Vera
Cruz, Plano del Rio, No. 481 2, August.
55. Saltator grandis (Lichtenstein).
Tanagra grandis, Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vog., 1831, p. 2.
Saltator grandis, Sclater, P. Z.S., 1856, p. 72; Salvin & Godman, Biol. Centr.
Am. Zool. Ay., I, 1884, p, 328.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 392 6, 102 6, September.
Fam. FRINGILLIDZ.
56. Pheucticus chrysopeplus (Vigors).
Coccothraustes chrysopeplus, Vigors, P. Z.S., 1832, p. 4.
Pheucticus chrysopeplus, Finsch., Abh. nat. Ver. z. Bremen, 1870, p. 339; Saly.
& Godm., Biol. Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 335.
Vulg.—Giiillo pico gordo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 158a 2, No. 218a 2, December.
57. Habia melanocephala, (Swains.).
Guiraca melanocephala, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, 1, p. 438.
Habia melanocephala, Stejneger, Auk, I, p. 367.
Hedymeles melonocephalus, Saly. & Godm., Biol. Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 338.
Vulg.—Tiguerillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Atlixco, No. 110a 2; Chietla, No. 7la 2, De-
cember; S. Martin, Texmelucan, No. 71 ¢, September.
58. Guiraca czrulea (Linn.).
Loria cerulea, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, p. 175.
Guiraca cerulea, Swains., Phil. Mag., new ser., I, p. 438; Salv. & Godm., Biol.
Centr. Am. Aves, I, p. 344.
Vulg.—Azulejo maicero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 63¢, November, No. 63a 2,
December; Puebla, No. 794.
142 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
59. Sporophila torqueola (Bonap.).
Spermophila torqueola, Bonap., Consp., I., p. 495.
Vulg.—Dominiquito del sur.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuetlan, No. 31 6, November.
60. Volatinia jacarina (Linn.).
Tanagra jacarina, Linn., Syst. Nat., éd. 12, I, p. 314
Folatinia jacarina, Cabanis, Mus. Hein., I, p. 147.
Vulg.—Dominquito negro de las canas.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuetlan, No. 134, January.—State of
Vera Cruz, Jalapa, No. 872.
61. Euetheia pusilla (Swainson).
Tiaris pusillus Swainson, Phil. Mag., new ser., 1827, p. 438.
E[uetheia] pusilla Cabanis, Mus. Hein., I, 1851, p. 146.
Vulg.—Dominiquito.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 372 6, September.
62. Passerina cyanea, Linn.
Tanagra cyanea, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, p. 315.
Passerina cyanea, Vieillot, Nouy. Dict., XXV, 1817, p. 7.
Vulg.—Azulito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 30 ¢, December. |
63. Passerina versicolor, Bonap.
Spiza versicolor, Bonap., P. Z. §., 1837, p. 120.
Passerina versicolor, Gray, Hand-list B., II, p. 97, No. 7438 (1870. )
Vulg.—Gorriou moradito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 3,¢,3a2, December; Azatlan,
Nola C.:
64. Passerina ciris, Linn.
Emberiza ciris, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, p. 179.
Passerina ciris, Vieillut, Nouv. Dict., XXV, 1817, p. 17.
Vulg.—Siete colores. |
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 17 3, 18 6, December.
65. Passerina leclancheri, Lafr.
Passerina leclancheri, Lafr., Rev. Zool., 1840, p. 260.
Vulg.—Amarillito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No.138,1a8,2¢6, 2a2, December.
66. Pooceetes gramineus confinis, Baird.
[ Peocertes gramineus] variety confinis, Baird in B., C. & L., Birds of N. A., p.
448 (in text).
Vulg.—Gorrion triguero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. S. Baltazar, No. 36 2, 36a 2, December.
_ 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 143
67. Amphispiza ferrariperezi, Ridgway, sp. nov.
Amphispiza ferrariperezi, Ridgway, Auk, iii, July, 1883, 332.
Vulg.—Cerquero de collar.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 44 6, type, 44a 9 , December.
[Sp. CHAR.—Similar to A. quinquestriata (Scl.*), but rump brown in-
stead of slate-gray, the lesser wing-coverts cinnamon-rufous instead of
slate-color, throat with a broad patch, instead of stripe, of white, black
of the breast forming a broad collar, widest laterally, and the sides light
drab instead of plumbeous.
} Adult 6 (type, No. 44, collection of Comision Geografica Exploradora
de Mexico, Chietla, Puebla, December, 1884): Head dark brownish slate,
deepening into black on forehead, lores, and suborbital region, the oeci-
put and cervix marked with broad but indistinct streaks of dark rusty.
A supraloral spot, malar stripe, broad patch covering chin and throat,
with entire abdomen and lower part of breast, pure white. White of
throat bordered on each side by a submalar stripe of black, connecting
with a broad black collar across the jugulum and upper breast, this
collar about .50 of an inch wide in the middle portion, and .75 of an
_ inch broad at its lateral extremities. Back, scapulars, and lesser wing-
coverts, bright cinnamon-rufous, the first with a few indistinct black
streaks in the middle portion, and all the dorsal feathers rather indis-
tinetly bordered with light grayish brown; middle wing-coverts black,
edged with fulvous and tipped with white, the latter forming a narrow
but distinct band; greater coverts similar, but with broader fulvous
edgings and much less distinct whitish tips; tertials similar to the
greater coverts, but without any white at tips; primaries slate-dusky,
edged for terminal half with pale gray. Kump and upper tail coverts
light grayish brown, the more posterior feathers with paler borders.
Tail dusky, the feathers with paler edges. Sides and flanks light gray-
ish brown; anal region and lower tail-coverts similar but paler. Maxilla,
black; mandible, whitish; iris, blackish; feet, horn brown. Wing, 2.70;
tail, 3.30; the lateral feathers .55 shorter; culmen, .50, depth of bill at
base, .50; tarsus, .85, middle toe, .60.
Adult 2 (No. 44a, collection of the Comision Geografica Exploradora
de Mexico, Chietla, Puebla, December, 1884): Exactly like the male, as
described above, except that the back is less rufescent and more dis-
tinetly streaked, and the rump more rufescent. Wing, 2.50; tail, 3.00.
It affords me much pleasure to dedicate this elegant species to Pro-
fessor Fernando Ferrari Perez, naturalist of the Mexican Geographieal
Exploring Commission, and president of the State’s University of Pu-
ebla de Zaragoza.—R. R.] |
68. Amphispiza mystacalis (Hartl.).
Zonotrichia mystacalis, Hartl., Rev. Zool., 1852, p. 3.
Vulg.—Cerquero de patilla negra.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 43 4, 43a 2, December.
*Zonotricha quinquestriata, SCL. & SALy., P. Z. S8., May 28, 1868, p. 323. (Cf.
Rivew., Ibis, Oct., 1883, p, 400.)
144 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
69. Melospiza lincolnii (Aud.).
Fringilla lineolnii, Aud. Orn. Biogr., II, p. 539, pl. 193.
Melospiza lincolnii, Baird, B. N. Am., p. 482.
Vulg.—Zorzal rosado.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, 19 ¢, December.
70. Melospiza fasciata mexicana, Ridgw.
Melospiza melodia, var mexicana, Ridgw. in B. B. & R., Hist. N. Am., B. II,
1874, p. 18.
Vulg.—Cerquero aguador. :
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 61a 2, November, No. 61 4,
December.
[Two specimens, male and female, from Huexotitla, November, 1884,
are essentially identical with the type, which is also from Puebla. They
measure as follows:
\ a ss ae | =
| Wing. | Pail. Culmen. es ee
gf | 280} 2:70 55) .90| 165
Q 2.70! 2.60 "55| .95| .62 |
A good character of this race, overlooked in previous descriptions,
consists in the rich umber-brown coloring of the tibial feathers.—R. R.]
71. Spizella socialis ! (Wils.)
Fringilla socialis, Wils. Am. Orn. IT, p. 127, pl. 16, fig. 5.
Spizella socialis, Bonap., Consp., I., p. 480.
Vulg.—Zorzal chiquito de cabeza café, Zorzal rayado.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 38 ¢,38a 2°, December; Huex-
titla, No. 42 6, 42a2, December; Teziutlan, No. 126 4, November.
72. Spizella atrigularis (Caban. )
Spinites atrigularis, Caban., Mus. Hein. I, 1851, p. 133.
Spizella atrigularis, Baird, B. N. Am. 1858, p. 476.
Vulg.—Carbonero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Attixco, No. 8a?.
[A female, nearly adult, from Chietla, is in winter plumage. It has
the black of the throat much mixed with gay, but this is perhaps a
character of immaturity. This specimen, together with an adult male
from Coahuila, Nuevo Leon (May, 1853, Lieut. Couch*), differs from -
all examples ina series of eleven specimens from California (San Diego),
Lower California, Arizona, and New Mexico, in somewhat larger bill,
the culmen measuring .45, gonys .23, and width at base .22, against
45, .20, and .20, respectively, in the largest billed example of the north-
western series. An adult male from Chapulco, Puebla (No. 54, 143,
Aug. 3, 1868; F. Sumichrast), however, apparently has the bill no larger,
* Type of Struthus atrimentalis CoucH.
eT a
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 145
though it is difficult to decide on account of the defective condition of
that member, which has the point broken and is otherwise injured.—
Rh. B.]
73. Junco cinereus (Swains. ).
Fringilla cinerea, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, I, p. 435.
Junco cinereus, Caban., Mus. Hein., p. 134.
Vulg.—Zorzal de lomo café.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 121 ¢, November.
[A single specimen (¢ad.) from Teziutlan, November, 1884, differs
from examples from Orizaba and Mirador, in the State of Vera Cruz,
in darker coloration, especially of the head, the entire auricular and sub-
orbital regions being nearly as dark as the lores, in appreciable contrast
with the gray of the neck. Wing, 2.90; tail, 2.65.—R. R.]
74. Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus (Bonap.).
Passerculus alaudinus, Bonap., Compt. Rend., XXXVII, p. 918; Not. Orn.,
p. 18.
Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus, Kkdgw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885,
p. 354.
Vulg.—Zorzal chiquito de cya amarilla.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 34 4, 34a.2, December.
75. Aimophila rufescens Swainson.
Aimophila rufescens Swainson, Two Cent., 1837, p. 315.
Vulg.—Triquero grande.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 366¢, August; No. 3576,
September.
76. Aimophila melanotis Lawr.
Zonotrichia melanotis, Lawr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y., VIII, May, 1867, p. 473.
H{amophila] melanotis, Lawr., Proc. Ac. Phil., Dec., 1868, p. 430.
Vulg.—Cerquero de tierra caliente.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 60 4, 60a 2, December
[['wo specimens, male and female, from Chietla, Puebla (December,
1884), agree well with the type in all the characters which distinguish
the species from H. ruficauda. The middle of the jugulum is even
whiter than in the type, especially in the male, which las only the sides
of the breast faintly ashy. The black stripes of the head are deep black
throughout, except that there is a small grayish white spot at the end
of the auriculars. The sexes are exactly alike in coloration. The meas-
urements are as follows:
Wing. Tail. Culmen. | Tarsus. Mid. toe.
|
: | AE PN Be
|
Typet* (¢)-.--. 2.75 3. 80 60 | .95 . 65
pa eed 2. 80 3. 40 . 60 | - 90 - 60 |
Oe wee 2.70 3. 40 - 60 .95 65
* 31827, Plains of Colima, June, 1863 ; ae Xantus.
Proc. N. M. ’86 10 September 17, [886.
146 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Among the characters ascribed by Mr. Lawrence (Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci., Phil., Dec., 1868, p. 362), as distinguishing this species from A.
rujicauda, Bonap., several do not hold good, among which may be men-
tioned the color of the tail, flanks, and lesser wing-coverts, which is
essentially the same in the two species. The real diagnostic characters
consist in the much more deeply black stripes of the head in the pres-
ent species, its smaller bil], and absence of the very distinct gray cloud-
ing which forms an uninterrupted broad belt across the jugulum in #.
ruficauda.—R. R.]
77. Pipilo submaculatus Ridgway, sp. nov.
Pipilo submaculatus, Ridgway, Auk, III, July, 1886, 332.
Vulg.—Chohuis.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 285a 2, type, November.
[Sp. cHAR.—Resembling P. maculatus, Swains., but smaller, the back
without white streaks, the white terminal spots of middle and greater
wing-coverts and lateral rectrices much reduced in size, and the rufous
' of the sides of the breast marked with sagittate spots of black.
Adult $ (No. 285a, collection of the Comision Geogrdfico Explora-
dora de Mexico, Teziutlan, State of Puebla, November, 1884): Head,
neck, and jugulum brownish black, decidedly lighter on the crown, oc-
ciput, and cervix, which incline to dark grayish brown, very indis-
tinctly streaked with darker; sides of the jugulum indistinctly spotted
or tinted with brown. Back and scapulars umber brown, tinged with
rusty, the feathers with indistinct though broad medial streaks of
dusky, some of the exterior scapulars with an indistinct whitish lat-
eral streak. Rest of upper parts dull grayish brown, somewhat tinged
with olive, especially on wings, the wing-coverts, remiges, and rectrices
darker centrally ; middle and greater wing-coverts with small terminal
roundish spots of white, those on the greater coverts confined to the
terminal portion of the outer web; two innermost tertials with a very
indistinet edging of dull whitish. Tail dusky grayish brown, the edges
of the feathers hardly perceptibly different: outer feather with an ellip-
tical spot of dull white, about .85 of an inch long, and for about the ter-
minal half occupying the full breadth of the web, but the terminal
border of the web, next the shaft, dusky, very sharply and abruptly
defined against the whitish; terminal portion of outer web of same
feather edged with white; second rectrix with a large, somewhat ovate
subterminal spot of dull white, the terminal margin being quite broadly,
and very abruptly, dusky; outer web with a much smaller subterminal
white spot; third rectrix without white on either web. Middle of breast
and abdomen white; sides of breast, sides, flanks, crissum, and lower
tail-coverts, rusty rufous, paler posteriorly and anteriorly (especially
on sides of breast), marked with sagittate spots of black. Maxilla,
brownish black; mandible, paler; feet, light horn-brown. Wing, 3.30;
tail, 3.70; culmen, .60; tarsus, 1.15; middle toe, .75.
1886.} PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 147
This very curious Pipilo is almost exactly intermediate in coloration
between P. maculatus Swains. and P. carmani, Baird, but in dimensions
agrees best with the former, P. carmani being much smaller than either.
From P. maculatus, P. submaculatus differs strikingly in the following
characters: (1) Absence of distinct streaks, either of black or white, on
the interscapular region; (2) greatly reduced size of white markings on
scapulars, wing-coverts, and tertials, which are smaller even than in P-
carmani; (3) limitation of white spots on the tail to the two lateral
feathers, and their greatly reduced size; (4) black spots in ferruginous
of the sides of the breast. The last character is perhaps not to be re-
lied on, since a tendency to the same feature in some specimens of the
several race of P. maculatus, especially P. oregonus.—R. R.]
78. Pipilo complexus, Ridgway, sp. nov.
Pipilo complexus, Ridgway, Auk, III, July, 1886, 332.
Vulg.—Chohuis.
Hab.—State of Puebla: Teziutlan, No. 138 4 type, November.
Sp. CHAR.—Similar to P. macronyx, Swains., but decidedly smaller,
the sides much paler rufous (almost buff), the throat with a white patch,
and the occiput with a pateh of rufous.
Adult 8 (No. 138, collection of the Comision Geografico Exploradora
de Mexico, Teziutlan, State of Puebla, November, 1884): Head, neck,
and breast deep black, relieved by a broken patch of rufous on the oc-
ciput (the feathers of which have tips and mesial streaks of black), an
indistinet bar or broken oblong spot of white on each side of the fore-
head, and a white patch covering the medial portion of the chin and
throat, broadest below. Rest of upper parts olive-green, the feathers
dusky centrally; back and scapulars streaked with black, the latter
with broader streaks (covering the greater portion of the outer web of
each feather) of pale olive-yellow; middle and greater coverts broadly
tipped with pale yellow, forming two distinct bands across the wing;
outer webs of two innermost tertials broadly edged with dull yellowish
white. Kump and upper tail-coverts plain dull olive-green. Tail dusky,
the feathers edged with olive-green, the lateral feather with the termi-
nal portion of the inner web dull yellowish white, about .90 of an inch
in extent next the shaft; second rectrix with a similar but much
smaller spot, and third rectrix with a very small spot, only about .25 of
an inch long (measured along the shaft), and .15 of an inch wide. Ab-
domen and lower part of breast pure white; sides, flanks, and crissum
pale ochraceous-rufous. Bill, blackish; iris, “reddish yellow”; tarsi,
pale horn-brown; toes, darker. Wing, 3.60; tail, 3.90; culmen, .62;
tarsus, 1.15; middle toe, .70.*
While P. macronyx, Swains., in its coloration forms a connecting link
between the two sections of the genus represented by P. maculatus,
*An adult male of P. macronyx measures as follows: Wing, 3.80; tail, 4.60; cul-
men, .70; tarsus, 1.25; middle toe, .82.
148 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Swains., and P. chlorurus, Towns., respectively, the present bird is in
the same respect intermediate between the last and the first named,
although nearest to P. macronyx, with which it agrees closely in gene-
ral appearance, P. chlorurus being recalled simply by the white throat-
patch and the rufous occipital spot, the latter representing an incipient
condition of the rufous pileum of P. chlorurus.—R. R.]
79. Pipilo fuscus, Swains.
Pipilo fusca, Swains., Phil Mag. 1827, I, p. 434.
Vulg.—llama comun.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 7442, 74a 2, December.
[An adult male and an adult female from Puebla (December, 1884),
agree with other specimens of true P. fuscus (including those from all
portions of Mexico, whence I have seen examples of this species), in
lacking any decided tinge of rufous on the pileum, iv which respect, as
well as in smaller size and darker general coloration, they differ from P.
JSuscus mesoleucus (Baird), of Arizonaand New Mexico, National Museum
specimens of true P. fuscus are from the following localities: Plains of
Colima, June (1); Temiscaltepec, Oaxaca (1); Guanajuato (1); ‘* Mex-
ico” (1); Guadalajara, Jalisco (2); Tepic, Jalisco (1); Guaymas, Sonora,
April (1), and Sta. Catarina, Nuevo Leon, April (1). It may be remarked
that the two latter, which represent extreme northern localities, are
quite typical P. fuscus. A December specimen trom Guaymas, how-
ever, agrees best in coloration with mesoleucus.
The two Puebla specimens measure as follows:
es 1
| | Wing. | Tail. aie oe Tarsus. ee toe.
g | 3.55 | 3.90 63 40 95 .70
Q 3. 60 3. 80 . 62 | 40 1. 00 - 12
ae Pal ene (eeega hs be ee NN |
£0. Chamzospiza torquata (Du Bus).
Pipilo torquatus, Du Bus, Bull. Acad., Brux., XIV, 2, p. 105.
Chanewospiza torquata, Sclat., P. Z. S., 1858, p. 304; 1859, p. 365.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Zoquitlan (Tehuacan), No. 192a 2, May.
81. Pyrgisoma rubricatum (Caban.).
Atlapetes rubricatus, Caban., Mus. Hein., I, p. 140.
Pyrgisoma rubricatum, Sclat. & Salv., P. Z. §., 1868, p. 326.
Vulg.—Zorzal cerquero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 474, 47a2, December; Acat-
lan, No. 78¢,111¢.
82. Atlapetes pileatus, Wag].
Atlapetes pileatus, Wag]., Isis, 1831, p. 526.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 132a 2, November.
:
|
A
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 149
83. Chondestes grammacus strigatus (Swains.).
Chondestes strigatus, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, I, p. 435.
Chondetes grammica strigata, Ridgw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, p. 179, No.
204a.
Vulg.—Gorrion pintado.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 40 3, 40a 2, December.
84. Carpodacus mexicanus (Miill.).
Fringilla mexicana, Miill., Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, p. 165.
Carpodacus mexicanus, Ridgw., Proc. Bivl. Soc., Wash., II, 1884, p. 111.
Carpodacus hemorrhous, Sclat, P. Z.S., 1856, p. 304; 1858, p. 303; 1859, p.
380 (ex Fringilla hemorrhoa, Wag].).
Vulg.—Gorrion de cabeza colorada.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Barrio de Santiago (Puebla), No. 35 3, 35a 2,
December.
85. Spinus notatus (Du Bus).
Carduelis notata, Du Bus, Bull. Acad. Brux., XIV, 2, p. 106.
Spinus notatus, Stejneger, Auk, 1284, p. 362.
Vulg.—Verdin calandria.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 127 6, November.
Fam. ICTERID A.
86. Ostinops montezuma (Less. ).
Cassicus montezuma, Less., Cent. Zool., pl. F.
Ostinops montezume, Sclat., P. Z. 8., 1859, p. 380.
Vulg.—Pepe de cola amarilla, Marinero.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 234 6 , 234a 2 , 235 4; Barra
de Santa Ana, Nos. 4554, 46346, February; Paso de la Milpa, No.
378 6, February.
87. Cassiculus melanicterus Bonap.
Icterus melanicterus, Bonap., Journ. Ac. Philad., IV, p. 389
Cassiculus melanicterous, Bonap., Cousp., I., p. 428.
Vulg.—Galantina.
Hab.—State of Oaxaca. Yanhuitlan?, No. 1786, 205%, 483.
88. Cassicus holosericeus (Lichtenstein).
Sturnus holosericeus, Lichtenstein, Preis-Verz. Mex. Vég., 1831, p.1.
Cacicus holosericeus, Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll., 1882, p. 263.
Cacicus prevosti, Scl. and Sal., N. A. N., 1873, p. 36.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 383 4, August.
89. Icterus galbula (Linn.).
Coracias galbula, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, p. 108.
Icterus galbula, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Club, 1880, p. 98.
Vulg.—Calandria.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 1184, November. State of
Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 434 2, September.
150 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
90. Icterus bullockii (Swains.).
Xanthomus bullockii, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, I, p. 436.
Icterus bullockii, Bonap., List, 1838, p. 29.
Vulg.—Calandria ordinaria.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuettan, No. 1172, January.
91. Icterus spurius, (Linn.).
Oriolus spurius, Linn., Syst. Nat. (ed. 12), I, p. 162.
Icterus spurius, Bonap., Synops., 1828, p. 51.
Vulg.—Calandria cajé.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 66 6; Chielta, No. 66a 2, De-
eember.
92. Icterus wagleri, Scl.
Icterus wagleri, Scl., P. Z.S., 1857, p. 7, 1859, p. 381.
Vulg.—Calandria negro del quiote.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tecali (Huehuetlan) No. 68 6, January;
Huehuetlan, No. 262 6, February.
93. Icterus cucullatus, Swains.
Icterus cucullatus, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, I, p. 436.
Vulg.—Calandria zapotera.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 544, 54a 2, 67é¢, December;
Atlixco, No. 1062, 106a°.
94. Icterus parisorum, Bonap.
Icterus parisorum, Bonap., P. Z.S., 1837, p. 110.
Vulg.—Calandria tunera.
Hab.—State of Puebla. 8S. Bartolo, No. 64 4, 64a 2, November.
95. Icterus auduboni Giraud.
Icterus auduboni Giraud, Sixteen Texas B., 1241, p. 3.
Vulg.—Calandria.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 3612, juv., August; 404 6
juv., September.
96. Icterus gularis (Wag].).
Psarocolius gularis, Wagl., Isis, 1829, p. 754.
Icterus gularis, Bonap., Consp., I, p. 435.
Vulg.—Calandria real.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 199¢.
97. Icterus pustulatus (Wagl.).
Psarocolius pustulatus, Wagl., Isis, 1829, p. 757.
Icterus pustulatus, Bonap., Consp., I, p. 435.
Vulg.—Calandria fuego.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 65 ¢, 65a 2, December.—State
of Oaxaca. Ianhuiatlan, No. 1094, 115¢é.
[Two specimens (adult male and female) from Chietla, Puebla (De-
cember, 1884) are identical in coloration with examples from Tepic and
—-
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 151
Mazatlan, while two others (both males, but one of them immature)
from Anhuitlan, in the State of Oaxaca, are very different in being
clear Indian-yellow where the others are deep cadmium orange. The
black throat-stripe also appears to be narrower. The white on the
wings, however, is exactly as in the Chietla, Tepic, and Mazatlan speci-
mens, so it is therefore probable, or at least possible, that the differ-
ences noted may be due to difference of age.—R. R.]
98. Molothrus zneus (Wagl.).
Psarocolius eneus, Wagl., Isis, 1829, p. 758.
Molothrus eneus, Cab., Mus. Hein., I, p. 192.
Vulg.—Tordo gallito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Izucar de Matamoros, No. 814; Chietla,
No. 180 6,191 8, December; Acatlan, No. 181 ¢.—State of Vera Cruz.
Jalapa, No. 400 6, juv., August.
[The adult male of this species possesses a character which appears
to have been overlooked by writers, in the possession of a very well-
developed ruff, the feathers of the neck, especially on the lateral por-
tions, being very much longer than those of the anterior portion of the
body. This ruff, in the specimens belonging to the collection of the
Commission, mounted immediately after shooting, strongly suggests
that of Pavoncella pugnaz, but is not, of course, so conspicuous.—K. R.]}
99. Molothrus ater (Boddaert).
Oriolus ater Boddaert, Tab]. Pl. Enl., 1783, p. 37.
Molothrus ater Gray, Hand list, II, 1370, p. 36.
Vulg.—Tordo negro.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 327 6, November.
[An adult male from Huexotitla, Puebla (November, 1884), is decid-
edly referable to the northern or typical form, the measurements being
as follows: Wing, 4.35; tail, 3.15; culmen, .75; tarsus, 1.10; middle
toe, .75. The female accompanying it, however, is the I. ater obscurus
(Gmel.), its measurements (in the above sequence) being only 3.90, 2.70,
.65, 1, and .70.—R. R.]
100. Molothrus ater obscurus (Gmel.).
Sturnus obscurus, Gmel., Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 804.
Molothrus ater obscurus, Ridgw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., III, 1880, p. 182.
Vulg.—Tordo negro chico.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 53a 2, November.
101. Agelaius phceniceus (Linn.).
Oriolus pheniceus, Linnzus, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, p. 161.
A gelaius pheniceus, Swainson, F. B. A., II, 1831, p. 280.
Vulg.—Caiiero, Tordo capitan, Coronel.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chetla, Nos. 3984, 427¢.
152 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
102. Agelaius gubernator (Wazgl.).
Psarocolius gubernator, Wagl., Isis, 1832, IV, p. 281.
Agelaius gubernator, Bonap., Comp. and Geogr. List, 1838, p. 30.
Vulg.—Tordo capitan.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 232 3 , 245 é , Jan-
uary ; Nativitas, No. 232a 9, January.
103. Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus (Bonap.).
Icterus xanthocephalus, Bonap., Journ. Acad. Philad., II, p. 222.
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, Jordan, Man. Vertebr., 4 ed., 1884, p. 92.
Vulg.—Tordo de pecho amarillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 162 ¢, 1754, December; Hue-
huetlan, No. 162a 2, December, No. 2364, January; San Martin Tex-
melucan, No. 146a 2, May.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario,
No. 146 4, 159a 2, January, No. 159 3, October.
104. Sturnella magna mexicana (Sclater).
Sturnella mexicana, Sclater, Ibis, III, 1861, p. 179. °
Sturnella magna var. mexicana, B. B. & R., N. Am. B., I, 1874, p. 172.
Vulg.—Chirlota.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Llano de Chapulco, No. 147 @, July; Chietla,
No. 147a 2, December.
105. Scolecophagus cyanocephalus (Wagl.).
Psarocolius cyanocephalus, Wag)., Isis, 1829, p. 758.
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus, Caban., Mus. Hein., I, p. 195.
Vulg.—Tordo de ojo amarillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. 8S. Baltazar, No. 148 6, November; State of
Tlaxcala; Nativitas, No. 1484 2, December.
106. Dives dives (Bonaparte).
Lampropsar dives, Bonaparte, Consp., I, 1850, p. 425.
Dives sumichrasti, Sclater, Ibis, 1884, p. 154.
Vulg.—Tordo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Plan del Rio, No. 482 ¢, juv., August.
107. Quiscalus macrourus Swains.
Quiscalus macrourus, Swains., An. in Menag., p. 299.
Vulg.—Urraca, Zanate.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Izucar de Matamoros, No. 212 6, 212a 2,
213 8, 213a 2, December; State of Vera Cruz; Plan del Rio, No.
363 2 juv.
Fam. CORVIDA.
108. Cyanocitta stelleri diademata (Bonap.).
Cyanogarrulus diadematus, Bonap., Consp., L., p. 377.
Vulg.—Fraile, Verdugo, Quauhgallito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Hacienda de 8S. Pedro (Texmelucan), No.
197a 2, September, No. 196 ¢, 196a 2,197 3, October.
| 1886] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 153
; 109. Xanthoura luxuosa (Lesson).
: Garrulus lucuosus, Lesson, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 100.
Xanthoura luxuosa, Bonaparte, Consp., I, 1850, p. 380.
Vulg.—Quexque azul.
| Hab.—State of Vera Cruz: Jalapa, Nos. 469 9, August; 470 ¢,
473 2, September.
110. Aphelocoma sieberii (Wagl.).
Pica sieberii, Wagl., Syst. Av., 1827, p. 365.
Aphelocoma sieberi, Caban., Mus. Hein., I, p. 221.
Vulg.—Caxcax, Crajo azul.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Cerro de S. Pedro en el Istatcihuatl (Tex-
melucan), No. 195 6, September; Hacienda de S. Pedro (Texmelucan),
No. 237 6, October; S. Salvador el Verde (Huejotzingo), No. 195a 9,
September.
4111. Cyanocorax ornatus (Less.).
Pica ornata, Less., Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 41.
Cyanocorax ornata, Gray, Gen. Birds, II, 1845, p. 307.
Vulg.—Quexquex.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 2434, No. 243a?.
_ {A male and female from Jalapa agree with other Mexican and also
Guatemalan examples in having the blue cap bordered laterally with a
_ distinct white line, broadest and most sharply defined posteriorly, of
which there is no trace in Costa Rican specimens, recently separated by
me as C. cucullatus (cf. Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., viii. April 20, 1885, p.
23).—R. R.]
112. Calocitta formosa (Swains.).
Pica formosa, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, I, p. 437.
Calocitita formosa, Scl. & Salv., Ibis, 1859, p. 22.
Vulg.—Chismoso, Alguacil.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 2414, 24la?, 2424, 24202,
468, December.
113. Psilorhinus morio (Wagl.).
Corvus morio, Wagl., Isis, 1829, p. 751.
Psilorhinus morio, Gray, Gen. B., II, p. 308.
Vulg.—Pepe.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 3342 ,334a2; Plan del Rio,
No. 422 4, juv., August.
114, Corvus corax sinuatus (Wagl.).
Corvus sinuatus, Wagl., Isis, 1829, p. 748.
Corvus corax sinuatus, Ridgw., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 355.
Vulg.—Cuervo, Cacalotl, Cacalote.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 3063. State of Vera Cruz.
Jalapa, No. 462 6, August.
154 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Fam. TYRANNIDA.
115. Sayornis nigricans (Swains.).
Tyrannula nigricans, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, I, p., 367.
Sayornis nigricans, Bonap., Comp. Rend., XX XVIII, p. 657.
Vulg.—Papamoxcea negro de rio.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Rio de Huexotitla, No. 52 4, November.
116. Sayornis pheebe (Lath.).
Muscicapa phebe, Lath., Ind. Orn., I, p. 489.
Sayornis phoebe, Stejneger, Auk, 1885, p. 51.
Vulg.—Papamosea.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 129, November.
117. Sayornis sayus (Bonap.).
Muscicapa saya, Bonap., Am. Orn., I, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 3.
Sayornis sayus, Baird, B. N. Am., p. 185.
Vulg.—Papamosca boyero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 57 6, December; Chapulco, No.
57a 2, December.
118. Myiozetetes texensis (Giraud).
Muscicapa texensis, Giraud, B. of Texas, text at pl. 1.
Myiozetetes texensis, Sclat., P. Z.S., 1859, p. 56.
Vulg.—lIusto juez.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 5932, 59a2, December. State
of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 387 4, 4032, 418, August.
119. Pitangus derbianus (Kaup).
Saurophagus derbianus, Kaup. P. Z.S. 1851, p. 44.
Pitangus derbianus, Scl. P. Z.S., 1856, p. 297, 1859, pp. 45, 56, 366.
Vulg.—Portugués.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 185 8, 185a 2, December,
Acatlan, No. 1793.
120. Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus (Sclat.).
Pyrocephalus mexicanus, Sclat., P. Z.S., 1859, pp. 45, 56, 366.
Pyrocephalus rubineus var. mexicanus, Coues, Key, 1st ed., p. 177.
Vulg.—Cardenal, S. Gabrielito. .
Hab.—State of Puebla. S. Martin Texmelucan, No. 29 8, 29a 2,
November. State of Tlaxcala. Tlaxcala, No. 25 ¢, January. State
of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos.351 3,399 ¢, August, 489 ¢, September.
121. Empidonax fulvifrons rubicundus (Caban. & Heine).
Empidonax rubicundus, Caban. & Heine, Mus. Hein., II, p. 70.
Empidonax fulvifrons rubicundus, Ridgw., Proc, Biol. S. Wash., II, p. 109.
Vulg.—Papamosquita canelo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuetlan, No. 22 ¢, January.
[An example from Huehuetlan State of Puebla (January, 1885),
agrees very closely with specimen No. 32,914, U.S. National Museum
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 155
_ collection, which has already been referred to by the writer in a paper*
published in the ‘‘ Proceedings” of the Biological Society of Washing-
ton, as representing a small, richly colored soutbern race of the species.
~The assumed southern eects of the specimen, which was labeled
simply ‘“* Mexique,” is therefore probably correct. The measurements
are as follows: Wing. 2.40; tail, 2.10; culmen, .35; tarsus, .57.—R. R.]
122. Contopus borealis (Swainson).
Tyrannus borealis Swainson, F. B. A., II, 1831, p. 141, pl. 35
Contopus borealis Baird, B. N. Am., 1¢58, p. 188.
Vulg.—Mosquero.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 488 2, September.
123. Contopxs pertinax, Caban. et Heine.
Contopus pertinax, Caban. & Heine, Mus. Hein., II, p. 72.
— Vulg.—Papamosca gris, Papamosea verdoso.
_ Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 58 4, 58a 2, December.—State
of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 1164; Jalapa, No. 3504, August.
|
|
|
124. Myiarchus cinerascens (Lawr.)
Tyrannula cinerascens, Lawr., Aun. Lyc. N. Y., 1851, p. 109.
Myiarchus cinerascens, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, pp. 121, 440.
Vulg.—Abispero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuetlan (Tecali), No. 174a 2, January.
125. Tyrannus melancholicus couchii (Baird).
Tyrannus couchii, Baird, B. N. A., 1858, p. 175.
Tyrannus melancholicus var. couchii, Coues, Check-list, 1st ed., Dec., 1873, p. 51.
_ Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 407 6, 4148, 492 éjuv.,
August.
| 126. Tyrannus vociferans, Swains.
| Tyrannus vociferans, Swains., Quart. Journ. Sc., XX, p. 273, et Phil. Mag.,
T, 1827, p. 368.
Vulg.—Abejero.
Hab.—Siate of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 1634; Llano de 8. Baltasar
(Puebla), No. 163a 2, November.
127. Tyrannus crassirostris, Swains.
Tyrannus crassirostris, Swains., Quart. Journ. Sc., XX, p. 278, et Phil. Mag.,
I., 1827, p. 368.
Vulg.—Abispero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 186 ¢, December.
128. Milvulus forficatus (Gmel.).
Muscicapa forjicata, Gmel., 8. N., I, p. 931.
| Milvulus forficatus, Swains., Classif. B, II, 1837, p. 225.
Vulg.—Tijereta.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuetlan, No. 77a 2, November.
|
— =
_ * Remarks on the Type-specimens of Muscicapa fulvifrons, Giraud, and Mitrepho-
ru Tus fulvifrons, Coues, < Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, Vol. II, April 28, 1884, pp.
108-110.
;
156 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Fam. COTINGIDAL.
129. Tityra personata, Jard. & Selb.
Tityra personata, Jard. & Selb., Ill. Orn., I, pl. 24.
Vulg.—Viuda.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa?, No. 164a 2.
130. Hadrostomus aglaiz (Lafr.)
Pachyrhynchus aglaie, Lafr., Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 98.
Hadrostomus aglaiw, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein., II, p. 85.
Vulg.—Degollado, Mosquero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Rancho del Ahuehuete (Tecali), No. 49¢,
March; No. 49a 2, December.—State of Oaxaca. Yanhuitlan?, No. 107
é.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 373 2, 388 2, 409 ¢ , September.
Fam. DENDROCOLAPTID AS.
|
131. Sittasomus olivaceus, Maxiiilian. |
Sittasomus olivaceus, Maximilian, Beitr. Nat. Bras., III, 1830, p. 1146.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 367 , September.
132. Dendrornis flavigaster (Swains.).
Xiphorhynchus flavigaster, Swains., Philos. Mag., I., 1827, p. 440.
Dendronis flavigaster, Bonap., Consp. Voluc. Anis., 1854, p. 11.
Vulg.—Saltapared de monte.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 169 6, 169 a?, December.
133. Picolaptes affinis (Lafr. ).
Dendrocolaptes affinis, Lafr., Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 100.
Picolaptes afinis, Gray, Gen. B., I, 1847, p. 140.
Vulg.—Saltapared.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Hueytamalco (Teziutlan) No. 133 6, Novem-
ber.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 376 é, 410 6, September.
Fam. FORMICARIID A.
134. Thamnophilus doliatus (Linn.).
Lanius doliatus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, 1766, p. 136.
Thamnophilus doliatus, Max., Beitr., III, p. 995.
Vulg.—Saltapared lutado.
Hab.—State of Puebia. Hueytamalco (Teziutlan), No. 136 ¢ , Decem-:
ber. e
State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 487 é juv., August.
Fam. TROCHILIDZE.
135. Sphenoproctus curvipennis (Licht. ).
Lrochilus curvipennis, Licht., Preis-Verz., Mex. Thier., 1830, No. 32.
Sphenoproctus curvipennis, Gould: Tntr. ae 8 ed., 1861, p. 51; Elliot, Sym
Troch., p. 23.
Vulg.—Chupamirto real blanco. ;
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 834,854, 8642,103¢.
_ 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 157
' 136. Campylopterus hemileucurus (Licht.).
| Trochilus hemileucurus, Licht., Preis-Verz., Mex. Thier., 1830, No. 33.
Campylopterus hemileucurus, Cab. & Heine, Mus, Hein., Th. III, p. 13; Elliot,
Clas. & Syn., Troch., p. 26.
Vulg.—Chupamirto pavito azul; Chupamirto real.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 844,893,936 ,944, 3596,
365 6 , September.
137. Celigena henrica (Less. & Delattre).
Ornismya henrica, Less. & Delattre, Rev. Zool., 1889, p. 17.
| Caligena henrica, Caban & Heine, Mus. Hein., Th. III, 1860, p. 15, note ; Elliot,
| Classif. and Synops. Troch., 1878, p. 30.
Vulg.—Chupamirto de pecho color de rosa.
_ Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 104a@.
138. Petasophora thalassina (Swains.).
Trochilus thalassina, Swains., Phil. Mag., 1827, p. 441.
Petasophora thalassina, Gould, P. Z. S., 1847, p. 8; Elliot, Clas. & Synops.
Troch., p. 51.
| Vulg.—Chupamirto de cola verde-mar.
Hab.—State of Puebla. . Puebla, No. 319 8, 332 6, September.
139. Eugenes fulgens (Swains.).
Trochilus fulgens, Swains., Phil. Mag., I, 1827, p. 441.
Eugenes fulgens, Gould, Mon. Troch., II, pl. 69. Elliot, Clas. & Synops. Troch.,
1878, p. 60.
Vulg.—Chupamirto verde montero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 334, No. 2786, 2843, 285¢,
286 ¢ , 287 6, 2883, 2896, 2904, 2936, 294a2, September; No. 326,
June. Stateof VeraCruz. Jalapa, No. 963, 96a?,974,956,1056,
1146, 12236, 122a92, 3496, August; 352 ¢, September.
140. Trochilus colubris, Linn.
Trochilus colubris, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, p.120. Elliot, Clas. & Syn. Troch., p.
105.
Vulg.—Chupamirto rubi.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 926, 92a.
141. Doricha eliza (Less. & Delattre).
Trochilus eliza, Less. & Delattre, Rev. Zool., 1839, p. 20.
Doricha elize, Gould, Intr. Troch., 8° ed., 1861, p.94. Elliot, Clas. & Synops.
Troch., p. 125.
Vulg.—Chupamirto rubi de cola horquillada.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz, Jalapa, No. 824, 82a?.
142. Tilmatura duponti (Less.).
Ornismya duponti, Less., Ois. Mouch. Suppl., p. 100, t. 1.
Tilmatura duponti, Caban. & Heine, Mus. Hein., III, 1860, p.59. Elliot, Clas.
& Synops. Troch., 1878, p. 128.
Vulg.—Chupamirto de cola de tijera y garganta azul.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 98a2.
158 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
143. Uranomitra cyanocephala (Less. ).
Ornismya cyanocephala, Less., Ois. Mouch. Suppl., 1831, p. 134, pl. 18.
Uranomitra cyanocephala, Reich., Aufz. der Colib., 1853, p.10. Elliot, Clas. &
Syn. Troch., p. 197.
Vulg.—Chupawirto blanco, chico, de cabeza azul.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 882,992, 1004, 101¢.
144. Amazilia marie (Bourc.).
Trochilus marie, Boure., Ann. Soc. Agr. Tr., Lyon, 1846, p. 319, t. ix.
Amazilia maria, Elliot, Clas. & Synops. Troch., p. 222.
Vulg.—Chupamirto esmeralda.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 902,912, 102¢.
Fam. MICROPODID 4.
145. Cheetura vauxii (Towns.).
Cypselus vauxii, Towns., Journ. Ac. Phil., VIII, p. 148.
Chetura vauxii, De Kay, N. Y. Zool., Il, 1844, p. 36.
Vulg.—Aguador, Media luna.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 41 6, October.
{A specimen from Laguna del Rosario, State of Tlaxcala (October,
1884), agrees exactly with examples from California and Washington
Territory, and is at once distinguishable from the common Mexican
species (C. affinis, Lawr.).—R. R.]
Fam. CAPRIMULGIDA.
146. Antrostomus vociferus (Wils.).
Caprimulgus vociferus, Wils., Am. Orn., V, p. 71, pl. 41, f. 1, 2, 3.
Antrostomus nociferus, Bonap., Comp. List, p. 8.
Vulg.—Puxacua, Papavientos.
Heb.—State of Puebla. Tiacotepee (Tehuacan), No. 3424, Decem-
ber; Jaguey de la Magdelena, No. 110¢.
147. Nyctidromus albicollis (Gmel.).
Caprimulgus albicollis, Gmel., Syst. Nat., I, p. 1030.
Nyctidromus albicollis, Burm., Th. Bras., IT, 1856, p. 389.
Vulg.— Puxacua.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Mazatiopam (Tehuacan), No. 341 ¢, Decem-
ber.
Fam. PICIDZ.
148. Campephilus guatemalensis (Hartlaub).
Picus guatemalensis, Hartlanh, Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 214.
Campephilus guatemalensis, Sclater, Cat. Am. B., 1862, p. 331.
Vulg.—Carpintero.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Santa Ana, No. 3822, February; Paso
de la Milpa, No. 384 3, February.
1886.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 159
149. Ceophlceus scapularis (Vig.).
Picus scapularis, Vig., Zool. Journ., IV, 1829, p. 354.
Ceophleus scapularis, Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn., 1862, p. 176.
Vulg.—Pito real, Carpintero real.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 277 ¢.
Picus scalaris, Wagl., Isis, 1829, p. 511.
Dryobates scalaris, Ridgw., Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 355.
Vulg.—Carpintero chililto.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 144, December.
[An adult male from Chietla, State of Puebla, measures as follows:
: ing, 2.80; tail, 2.30; culmen, .70. It has the nearly uniform red of
the crown, like other specimens from Southeastern Mexico, including
- Yueatan, and the lower parts a deeper grayish brown than in Texas
examples. The outer web of the lateral (second) rectrix, on each side,
_ has but three bars of black.—R. R.]
=: Dryobates villosus jardinii (Malh.).
Picus jardinii, Malh., R. Z., 1845, p. 374.
Dryobates jardinii, Cab. & Henle Mus. Hein., IV, 1863, p. 69.
Vulg.—Carpintero de pino.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 1389 ¢, November.
[An adult male from Teziutlan, State of Puebla (November, 1884),
' measures as follows: Wing, 4.90; tail, 3.20; culmen, 1.18. The lower
parts are light smoky brown, as are also the light stripes on the head
and the broad stripe down the back; the three lateral tail feathers
deeply stained with cinnamon-brown terminally.—R. B.]
152. Sphyrapicus varius (Linn.).
Picus varius, Linn., Syst. Nat. (ed. 12), I, p. 176.
i Sphyrapicus varius, Baird, B. N. Am., p. 103.
Vulg.—Carpintero amarillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 76a 2, November.
_ 153. Chloronerpes oleagineus, Reichenbach.
Jhloronerpes oleagineus, Reichenbach, Handb. Spec. Orn., II, 1854, p. 356.
Vulg.—Carpintero.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 498 2 juv., August.
14. Melanerpes formicivorus, Swains.
Picus formicivorus, Swains., Phil. Mag , I, 1827, p. 42%
Melanerpes formicivorus, Bonap., P. Z. S., 1837, p. 109.
_ Vulg.—Carpintero negro.
_ Hab.—State of Puebla. Chachapa, No. 1546, 1544 2, December.
h State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 4799, 4802 juv., September, 396 2
| juv., 475 2 juv., 478 9 juv., 493 Qjuv., 494 2, August.
160 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
155. Centurus hypopolius (Wag]).
Picus hypopolius, Wagl., Isis, 1829, p. 514.
Centurus hypopelius, Licht., Nomencl., 1854, p. 76. Ridgw., Proc. U. S, Nas.
Mus., 1881, p. 113.
Vulg.—Carpintero de cabeja colorada.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuetlan, No. 15342, 153a 2, November ;
No. 193a2, January; Izucar de Matamoros, No. 193 ¢, December.
156. Centurus elegans (Swains.).
Picus elegans, Swains., Phil. Mag., I, 1827, p. 439.
Centurus elegans, Gray, Gen. B., II, 1849. p. 442. Ridgw., Proc. U. S, Nat. Mas.,
1881, p. 114.
Vulg.—Carpintero de cabeza amarilla.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Izucar de Matamoros, No. 1556, 155a 2,
156 6, December.
157. Colaptes mexicanus, Swains.
Colaptes mexicanus, Swains., Phil. Mag., I, 1827, p. 440.
Vulg.—Carpintero de alas rojas.
Hab.—State of Puebla. 8S. Martin, Texmelucan, No. 198a?, 2278,
July; Totimehuacan, No. 198 6, November.
Fam. MOMOTID A.
158. Momotus czruliceps (Gould).
Prionites ceruliceps, Gould, P. Z.S., 1536, p. 18.
Momotus ceruliceps, Gray, Gen. B., I, 1847, p. 68.
Vulg.—Tureo, Pajaro bobo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 2314, 3802, 41792, Sep-
tember.
159. Momotus mexicanus, Swains.
Momotus mexicanus, Swaius., Phil. Mag., I, 1827, p. 442.
Vulg.—Bobo, Turco.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 160a9, 1763, 176a2, 1778,
177a 2, 415, December.
Fam. ALCEDINIDAS.
160. Ceryle torquata (Linn.).
Alcedo torquata, Linneus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, p. 180.
Ceryle torquata, Bonaparte, P. Z. S., 1837, p. 108.
Vulg.—Martin peseador, Matraca.
Hab.—State of Vera Craz. Paso dela Milpa, No. 465 ¢, February ;
Vega de Alatorre, No. 348 3, juv., August.
161. Ceryle alcyon (Linn.).
Alcedo alcyon, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, p. 180.
Ceryle alcyon, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 316.
Vulg.—Martin pescador.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Epatlan, No. 2064, December; Puebla, No.
206a 2, September. |
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 161
162. Ceryle amazona (Lath.).
Alcedo amazona, Lath., Index Orn., I, 1790, p. 257.
Ceryle amazona, Gray, Gen. B., I, 1847, p. 82.
Vulg.—Martin pescador.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 187a 2, 395 ¢, September.
163. Ceryle cabanisi (Tschudi).
Alcedo cabanisi, Tschudi, Faun. Per., p. 253.
Ceryle cabanisi, Gray, G. B., I, p. 82.
Vulg.—Martin pescador de rio.
Hab —State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 56%, December; Izucar de
Matamoros, No. 56a 2°, December.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No.
1124, 112a2, 3773, August.
Fam. TROGONIDZ.
164. Trogon mexicanus Swains.
Trogon mexicanus, Swains., Phil. Mag., I, 1827, p. 440.
Vulg.—Cuauhtotola.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Cerro de 8. Mateo (Istatcihuatl, Texmelu-
can), No. 201é, March; No. 2024, September.—State of Vera Cruz.
Jalapa, No. 393 ¢, juv., September.
165. Trogon ambiguus Gould.
Trogon ambiguus, Gould, P. Z.8., 1835, p. 30.
Vulg-—Cuauhtotola.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, 1723, 2002, 200a 2 , December.
[An adult male from Chietla, State of Puebla (tierra caliente), De-
cember, 1884, differs from an adult male from Mazatlan, another from
the Tres Marias, and a third from Boquillo, Nuevo Leon, in the follow-
ing characters: The entire fore part of the head, including the crown
back to behind the eves, the postocular and auricular regions, malar
region, chin, throat, and jugulum, are dull slaty black, with a decided
glaucous or chalky cast; the metallic bronze collar across lower part
of jugulum is less than half as broad as the distance from its upper
edge to the mental apex; the white breast-collar is very narrow, being
in its widest part only about .35 of an inch wide, whereas in northern
and western examples it is .50 or more in breadth; the mottling of the
wings is appreciably more delicate, and the color of the upper surface
of the four middle rectrices is a very rich purplish copper, instead of
bronzy copper-color. The measurements are: Wing, 5.30; tail, 6.80;
culmen, .80; width of bill at rictus, .72.
It is altogether probable that the birds of this species from Northern
and Western Mexico, and those from Puebla and other more southern
States of the Republic, represent two well-defined geographical races;
but in the great uncertainty which at present necessarily exists as to
which form represents the T. ambiguus of Gould, and likewise as to
Proc. N. M. 86 bil September 28, 1886.
162 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
the relation which the latter bears to the T. elegans of the same author,
we cannot at present do more than call attention to the facts noted
above.
A young male from Chietla (Mexican Exploring Commission, No. 200,
December, 1884), in nearly the same stage of plumage as No. 4339,
from Boquillo, Nuevo Leon (April, 1853), yet shows indications of the
characters distinguishing the adult, as noted above.
A young female from the same locality (No. 200a, same date) is essen-
tially similar to No. 37355, U. S. Nat. Mus., from the Tres Marias, but
has the middle tail-feathers less decidedly rufous. There are also other
differences, which, in the absence of a larger series of specimens, it is
unnecessary to note.—R. R.]
166. Trogon citreolus Gould.
Trogon citreolus, Gould, P. Z. 8., 1835, p. 30.
Vulg.—Cuauhtotola amarilla.
Hab.—State ot Oaxaca. Ianhuitlan (?), No. 2394, 239a 2.
Fam. CUCULID.
167. Crotophaga sulcirostris Swains.
Crotophaga sulcirostris, Swains., Phil. Mag., I, 1827, p. 440.
Vulg.—Pijon, Garrapatero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Izucar de Matamoros, No. 240¢, 240a2,
317¢, 317a2, December.—State of Vera Cruz. Plan del Rio, No.
3472, 408 ¢, August.
168. Geococcyx affinis Hartl.
Geococcyx affinis, Hartl., Rev. Zool., 1844, p. 215.
Vulg.—Corre camino.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuetlan, No. 210a?, July.
169. Piaya cayana (Linn.).
Cuculus cayanus, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, p. 170.
Piaya cayana, Bonap., Cons., I, p. 110.
Vulg.—Chile ancho, Vaguero de huerta.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 3402, 3972, September;
467 2, August.
170. Piaya mexicana (Swains,).
Cuculus mexicanus, Swains., Phil. Mag., I, 1827, p. 440.
Piaya mexicana, Sclat , P. Z. 8., 1859, p. 388; 1860, p. 285.
Vulg.—Vaguero de huerta, Cuapaxtle.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 244¢, 244a 2, December; No.
419, February, Acatlan, No. 2472.
171. Coccyzus americanus (Linn.).
Cuculus americanus, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 111.
Coccyzus americanus, Bonap., Obs. Wils., 1825, No. 47.
Vulg.—A bejarruco.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 163
Hab.—State of Pueblo. Paseo Nuevo (Puebla), No. 214a 2, July.—
State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 3542, juv.; 391 2, September.
Fam. RAMPHASTIDZ.
172. Ramphastos carinatus Swains.
Ramphastos carinatus, Swains., Zool. Il., I, pl. 45.
Vulg.—Tucan de cuello amarillo, Pico de canoa.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Santa Ana, No. 224¢, 3464, 4503, 4262,
January.
173. Pteroglossus torquatus (Gmel.).
Ramphastos torquatus, Gmel., Syst. Nat., I, p. 354.
Pteroglossus torquatus, Wagl., Isis, 1829, p. 508.
Vulg.—Tucan de pecho rojo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa(?), No. 281¢é.
174. Aulacoramphus prasinus (Gould).
Pteroglossus prasinus, Gould, Mon. Ramph., ed. 1, pl. 29.
Aulacoramphus prasinus, Bonap., Consp., I., p. 96.
Vulg.—Tucan verde, Pico de canoa verde.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 203a ¢, 4124, January.
Fam. PSITTACID 4.
175. Conurus aztec Souancé.
Conurus aztec, Souancé, Rey. Zool., 1856, p. 154.
Vulg.—Perico.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Plan del Rio, No. 4742, August.
176. Chrysotis autumnalis (Linn.),.
Psittacus autumnalis, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 102.
Chrysotis autumnalis, Swainson, Clas. Birds, II, 1837, p. 301.
Vulg.—Loro, Cotorra.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Plan del Rio, No. 3362, 3644, August.—
State of Puebla. San José Acateno, No. 466¢, June.
177. Chrysotis levaillantii Gray.
Chrysotis levaillantii, Gray, List Sp. Psitt., 1859, p. 79.
Vulg.—Loro.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Santa Ana, No. 446¢, January.
Fam. STRIGID 2.
178. Strix pratincola Bonap.
Strix pratincola, Bonap., Comp. & Geog. List, 1838, p. 7.
Vulg.—Lechuza de campanario.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Llano de Chapulco, No. 228 ¢, June; Forres
de la Catedral (Puebla), No. 228a 92, July.
164 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
[Two fine adults, a male from Chietla (June, 1884) and a female from
Puebla (July, 1884), are decidedly referable to practincola proper, and
not to 8. guatemale (Strix flammea var. guatemale, Hist. N. Am. B., iii,
1874, p. 11). The male is pure white beneath, with a few blackish
specks—mostly of rhomboid shape—along the sides; the female also
white beneath, but much tinged with buff on breast and abdomen,
which are rather thickly marked with rhomboid, deltoid, cuneate, and
sagittate specks of dusky, the sides more ochraceous. The upper parts
are colored quite as in average specimens of the northern bird. They
measure as follows:
aoe
Wing. | Tail. | Culmen. | Tarsus. |
uel | |
Ss 12. 60 5.50 | . 90 2.75
2 13. 25 6. 00 1. 00 2. 85
|
179. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.).
Strix accipitrina, Pall., Reise Russ. Reichs., I, 1771, p. 455.
Asio accipitrinus, Newt., ed. Yarr., Brit. B., I, 1872, p. 163.
Vulg.—Lechuza de llano.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chapulco, No. 222 ¢, November; Llano de
S. Baltazar, No. 222a 2, July.
180. Syrnium virgatum Cassin.
Syrnium virgatum, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Phil., IV, 1848, p. 124.
Vulg.—Mochuelo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 331¢.
181. Ciccaba nigrolineata Sclater.
Ciccaba nigrolineata, Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc., IV, p. 268, pl. 63, (1859).
Vulg.—Lechuza hitada de cara negra.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 301 ¢.
182. Glaucidium phaleenoides (Daud.).
Strix phalenoides, Daud., Traité, II, 1800, p. 206.
Glaucidium phalenoides, Sclater & Salvin, Nomenc. Ay. Neotr., 1873, p. 117.
Vulg.—Tecolotillo or Tecolotito amarillo, rufous phase.
Hab.—State of Pueblo. S. Miguel Espejo, No. 2614, February;
Chietla, No. 2603, 260a 2, December; San José Acateno, No. 4914,
July; (?) No. 432, 4383. State of Vera Cruz. Plan del Rio, No. 3949,
August.
[Three fine adults, all different in plumage, as follows:
No. 261, ¢ ad., San Miguel Espejo, Puebla, February, 1885: Rufous
brown, inclining to russet, the sides more decidedly rufescent; legs like
sides, but paler, especially on inner side. Tail dull brown, crossed by
eight* bars of brownish white, tinged with rusty. Pileum without
*A ninth, terminal, bar is worn off, except partially on a single feather; the two
anterior bars are mostly concealed by the upper coverts.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 165
streaks or other markings, and scapulars and wing-coverts showing
indistinct pale rufous spots instead of the usual large and very conspic-
uous white ones. Wing, 3.65; tail, 2.70.
No. 260 a, 2 ad., Chietla, Puebla, Dec., 1884: Grayish brown above,
the entire pileum streaked with pale brown, the nape with a large
V-shaped mark of white (entirely absent in No. 261), witha black mark
of similar form immediately beneath it; scapulars and lower wing-cov-
erts with large roundish and oval spots of white. Tail rusty brown,
crossed by about 10* broad bars of pale rufous, about the same width
as the brown ones. The sides of the breast and stripes on flanks, &e.,
are grayish brown, much like the back. Outer side of legs mainly
grayish brown, inner side mostly white. Wing, 3.75; tail, 2.70.
No. 260, ¢ ad., Chietla, December, 1884: In color of the upper parts
(except tail), exactly intermediate between Nos. 261 and 260a; but
with distinct white nuchal V-shaped band and white spots on scapulars
and wing-coverts, as in the latter. Tail clear rufous, with about 10
narrow bars of brown, averaging less than half as wide as the rufous
bands; markings of lower parts same color as the back (intermediate
between cinnamon and umber). Legs white, spotted with brown on
upper portion of outer side.- Pileum indistinctly streaked with pale
rusty brown, the streaks most distinct anteriorly and laterally. Wing,
3.90; tail, 2.75.—R. R.]
183. Micrathene whitneyi (Cooper).
Athene whitneyi, Coop., Pr. Cal. Acad., 1861, p. 118.
Micrathene whitneyi, Coues, Pr. Philad. Acad., 1866, p. 51.
Vulg.—Tecolotito.
Hab.—State of Puebla. S.Salvador el Verde (Huejotringo), No. 2594,
March.
[The single specimen, a beautiful adult male, is essentially identical
with Arizona examples, as is also an adult (sex not determined from
Guanajuato (No. 72,888, U. 8S. Nat. Mus.; Prof. A. Duges). In History
of North American Birds, vol. iii, p. 88, attention is called to differ-
ences between the type-specimen of this species and two specimens from
Socorro Island, referred to the same species, these three examples being
the only ones which had been obtained up to that time. Since then the
National Museum collection of M. whitneyi has increased to 17 speci-
mens, 2 from Southern California (2 from Lower California, 12 from Ari-
zona, and 1 from Guanajuato, Mexico), so that now we have ample ma-
terial for comparison ; and a comparison of theset shows that the two
Socorro birds are very distinct, in the characters pointed out in the work
*These bars are less distinct towards the end of the tail, the terminal one being
particularly indistinct; in the closed tail, they are sharply defined, and continuous;
but when the tail is spread it is seen that each is interrupted at the shaft, where
the brown of the alternating bars runs the full length of the feather.
t Probably as many more, in other collections, have been examined.
166 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
referred to, and undoubtedly represent a distinct species, or at least
subspecies, which may be characterized as follows:
Micrathene graysoni Ridgw.—Socorro Elf Owl.*
Micrathene whitneyi GRAYSON & LAWwR., Proc. Boston Soc., N. H., 1871, 300;
Mem. Bost. Soc., ii, pt. iii, No. ii, 1874, 297.—B. B. & R., Hist. N.
Am. B. iii, 1874, 87 (part).
Sp. CHAR.—Similar to M. whitneyi, but much browner, the plumage
without any superficial gray, and the light rusty tail-bands nearly as
broad as the brown interspaces.
Adult ¢ (No, 49,678, Socorro I., W. Mexico; Col. A. J. Grayson):
Above umber brown, the forehead and crown marked with rather large
guttate spots of tawny; back, rump, and scapulars indistinctly spotted
and barred with the same, but none of the markings well defined ; a dis-
tinet but much broken collar of white across the nape; outer webs of exte-
rior row of scapwars mostly white; and outer webs of the middle and
greater wing-coverts with large oval terminal spots of the same. Wings
much spotted and barred with light tawny (inclining to rusty on the
lesser covert region), these markings on the remiges in the form of large
semi-oval spots, arranged in transverse rows, or bands. ‘Tail crossed
by 6 broad barst of pale tawny (inclining to white on inner web), these
bars nearly as broad as the brown interspaces, but all interrupted along
the middle line of each feather. Eyebrows white, also chin and sides
of throat. Prevailing color of lower parts rusty brown or tawny, ir-
regularly barred or vermiculated with dusky, but the prevalent rusty
coloring much broken medially and posteriorly with white, in the form
of ragged blotches ; under tail-coverts with white prevailing. Wing,
4.25; tail, 2.20; culmen, .35; tarsus, .75.
Adult “ 2” (No. 50,765, Socorro I.; Col. A. J. Grayson): Almost ex-
actly like the male, as described above, but rusty coloring rather more
pronounced, especially on throat and sides of the head. Wing, 4,05;
tail, 1.90; culmen, .35; tarsus, .70.—R. R.]|
Fam. FALCONID 4.
184. Circus hudsonius (Linn.).
Faico hudsonius, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, p. 128.
Circus hudsonius, Vieill., Ois. Am., Sept., I, 1807, p. 36, pl. ix.
Vulg.—Gavilan tonto aplomado, Gay. tonto café.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 335 ; Llano de Chapulco, No.
226 6, November, 226a 2 , December.
185. Asturina plagiata Schlegel.
Asturina plagiata, Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Asturine, 1862, p. 1.
Vulg.—Halcon pinto de cola larga, Gavilan.
* Micrathene graysont RipGw. Auk, iii, July, 1886, 333. ,
+The first and last bars are narrowest, one being terminal, the other concealed by
the upper coverts.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 167
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 282a2; Plan del Rio, No.
448 2, ad., August.
186. Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda Ridgway.
Buteo (Rupornis) magnirntris ¢ var. griseocauda, Ridgway, Proc. Boston Soc.
Nat. Hist., May 21, 1873, p. 89.
Vulg.—Haleon pollero.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 307 ¢.
187. Buteo borealis calurus (Cassin).
Buteo calurus, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1855, p. 281.
Buteo borealis var. calurus, Ridgway in Coues’ Check list, 1873, No. 351a.
Vulg.—Aguilucho pardo, Gavilan de parvada.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 3302, No. 3156.
188. Buteo abbreviatus (Cabanis).
Buteo abbreviatus, Cabanis in Shomb. Reis. Guian., III, 1848, p. 739.
Vulg.—Aguilucho negro.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 291b 4, December.
189. Buteo albicaudatus (Vieill.).
Buteo albicaudatus, Vieill., Nouv. Dict., 1V, 1816, p. 477.
Vulg.—Gavilan negro.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 329¢.
190. Buteo pensylvanicus (Wilson. )
Falco pensylwanicus, Wilson, Am. Orn., VI, 1812, p. 92, pl. 54, fig. 1.
Buteo pennsylvanicus, Bonap., Ossery. Cuv. R. A., p. 55.
Vulg.—Halcon pinto.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 282) é.
191. Urubitinga anthracina (Nitzsch).
Falco anthracinus, Nitrsch., Pteryl., 1840, p. 83.
Urubitinga anthracina, Lafr., Rev. Zool., 1548, p. 241.
Vulg.—Aguilucho negro.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Atzala (Chietla), No. 291la, December. State
of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 343 ¢.
192. Spizaetus ornatus (Dand.).
Falco ornatus, Daud., Traité, II, p. 77.
Spizaetus ornatus, Vieill., Nouv. Dict., XXXIT, 1819, p. 60.
Vulg —Serpentario, Juan de 4 pié.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 321 g; Barra de Santa Ana,
No. 440 9, January.
193. Spizastur melanoleucus (Vieillot).
Buteo melanoleucus, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict., IV, 1816, p. 482.
Spiziastur melanoleucus, Sharpe, Cat. Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 258.
Vulg.—Haleon pescador.
Hab.—State of Vera Craz. J alapa, Nos. 314 g, 460, o ad., August.
168 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
194. Accipiter velox (Wils.).
Falco velox, Wils., Am. Orn., pl. xlv, fig. 1, 1808.
Accipiter veloc, Vigors in Beech. Voy., Zodl., p. 15.
Vulg. —Halcon de cola larga.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tecali, No. 238a 9.
195. Falco columbarius Linn.
Falco columbarius, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 90.
Vulg.—Halcon de cola corta.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 339 3; Chietla, No. 238a 9, De-
cember.
_ 196. Falco sparverius (Linn.).
Falco sparverius, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 90.
Vulg.—Cernicalo, Lilé.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 204 3, 207 g, December; Huex-
otitla, No. 207a 9; Puebla, No. 204a 9, November.—State of Vera Cruz.
Jalapa, No. 358, 2 ad., October.
197. Ictinia plumbea (Gmelin).
Falco plumbeus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 283.
Ictinia plumbea, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict-, XVI, 1817, p. 76.
Vulg.—Gavilan.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Paso de la Milpa, No. 459, 2 ad., Feb-
ruary.
198. Herpetotheres cachinnans (Linn.).
Falco cachinnans, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 90.
Herpetotheres cachinnans, Vieill., Nouv. Dict., XVIII, 1817, p. 317.
Vuig.—Vaguero de monte.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 225 ¢, December, No, 456.—
State of Vera Cruz. Santa Ana, No. 4232, February, 4242, March.
199. Polyborus cheriway (Jacq.).
Falco cheriway, Jacq., Beyt., 1784, p. 17, pl. 4.
Polyborus cheriway, Cabanis in Schomb., Guiana, III, p. 741.
Vulg.—Quebranta huesos.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Llano de 8. Baltazar, No. 280 6 , December,
No. 280a 2, November.
Fam. CATHARTID A.
200. Catharista atrata (Bartr.).
Vultur atratus, Bartr., Trav., 1792, p. 289.
Catharista atrata, Gray, Hand-list, I, 1869, p. 3, No. 16.
Vulg.—Zopilote.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 3i1 ¢, September.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 169
201. Gypagus papa (Linn.).
Vultur papa, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 86.
Gypagus papa, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict., XXXVI, 1819, p. 456.
Vulg.—Zopilote real.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Ticaro, No. 3463.
Fam. FREGATIDA.
202. Fregata aquila (Linn.).
Pelecanus aquilus, Linnewus, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 133.
Fregata aquila, Reichenbach, Syst. Av., 1852, p. vi.
Vulg.—Babihoreado.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. La Mancha, Nos. 4382, ad., 439 2, ad.,
January.
Fam. PELECANIDZ.
203. Pelecanus fuscus Linn.
Pelecanus fuscus, Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, p. 215,
Vulg.—Pelicano aleartaz.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Santa Ana, No. 4362, juv., January.
Fam. PHALACROCORACID ZZ.
204. Phalacrocorax mexicanus (Brandt).
Carbo mexicanus, Brandt, Bull. Se. Ac. 8. Petersb., III, 1838, p. 55
Phalacrocorax mexicanus, Selater & Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, p. 124.
Vulg.—Sargento.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Santa Ana, No. 4282, juv., February.
Fam. ARDEID Ai.
205. Ardea egretta Gmelin.
| Ardea egretta, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 629.
Vulg.— Garza blanca grande.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 299a 2, 442 6, September,
445 2, 4443, August.
206. Ardea candidissima Gmelin.
Ardea candidissima, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 633.
Vulg.—Garza blanca chica.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 251¢, 25la?,
January.
207. Ardea tricolor ruficollis (Gosse).
Egretta ruficollis, Gosse, B. Jam., 1847, p. 338.
Ardea tricolor ruficollis, Ridgw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 355.
Vulg.—Garza azul.
Hab.— State of Puebla. S. Baltazar, No. 3002.
170 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
208. Ardea cerulea Linn.
Ardea cerulea, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 143.
Vulg.—Garza azul.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Epatlan, No. 2506, 250a2, De-
cember.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 3042, January.—
State of Vera Cruz. Plan del Rio, No. 4452, juv., August; Jalapa,
No. 4522, juv., September.
209. Ardea virescens Linn.
Ardea virescens, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 144.
Vulg.—Martinete cangrejero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Acatlan, No. 253 ?.—State of Tlaxcala. La-
guna del Rosario, No. 253a2, September.—State of Vera Cruz. Plan
del Rio, Nos. 3852, 411d, August; Jalapa, No. 4252, August.
210. Botaurus lentiginosus (Montague).
Ardea lentiginosa, Montague, Orn. Dict., Suppl., 1813.
Botaurus lentiginosus, Stephens, Shaw’s Gen. Zool., XI, 1819, p. 596.
Vulg.—Pedréte, Perro, Pedréte amarillo.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 2793, 279a2,
3023, January.
211. Botaurus exilis (Gmelin).
Ardea exilis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 645.
Botaurus exilis, Reichenow, I. f. O., 1877, p. 244.
Vulg.—Ardeola, Pescadora.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de S. Baltazar (Puebla), No. 229 ¢,
September; Laguna de San Felipe (Izucar de Matamoros), No. 416 ¢ ad.,
March.
212. Tigrisoma cabanisi Heine.
Tigrisoma cabanisi, Heine, Jour. fiir Ornith., 1859, p. 407.
Vulg.—Garza pinta.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Vega de Alatorre, No. 441 ¢ ad., July.
213. Nycticorax nycticorax nevius (Bodd.).
Ardea nevia, Boddaert, Tabl. Pl. Enl., 1783, p. 56.
Nycticorax nycticorax nevius, Zeledon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, p. 113.
Vulg.—Iuanite pinto elote.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chautla (Texmelucan), No. 303 ¢, August.—
State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 323 ¢, December.
214. Nycticorax violaceus (Linn. ).
Ardea violacea, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 143.
Nycticorax violaceus, Vigors, Zool. Journ., III, 1827, p. 446.
Vulg.—Pedrete de mareara.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 305 6, 324 ¢, Oc-
tober.—State of Vera Cruz. Santa Ana, No. 451 ? juv., January.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 171
Fam. COCHLEARIDA.
215. Cochlearius zeledoni (Ridgway).
Cancroma zeledoni, Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VIII, 1885, p. 93.
Cochlearius zeledoni, Stejneger, Stand. Nat. Hist., IV, 1885, p. 179.
Vulg.—Y ankee.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Paso de Ja Milpa, Nos. 420 3, 421 2,
February.
Fam. CICONIIDA.
216. Tantalus loculator Linn.
Tantalus loculator, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 140.
Vulg.—Tagarote, Galambas, Garzon.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 296 3; Vega de Alatorre,
No. 458 ¢ juv., August. ;
Fam. PLATALEIDA.
217. Guara alba (Linn.).
Scolopax alba, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 145. ;
Guara alba, Stejneger, Stand. Nat. Hist., IV, 1885, p. 9.
Vulg.—Ibis blanco.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 325 ¢ ; Jalapa, No. 461 4 ad.,
August.
218. Plegadis guarauna (Linn.).
Scolopax guarauna, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, p. 242.
Plegadis guarauna, Ridgw., Nom. N. Am. B., 1881, No. 504.
Vulg.—Chupa tierra, Atotola.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Epatlan, No. 271a 2 , December.—
State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 271 6, 2728, 272a9, Jan-
uary.
Fam. ANATIDA.
219. Anser albifrons gambeli (Hartlaub).
Anser Gambeli, Hartlaub, R. M. Z., 1852, p. 7.
Anser albifrons Gambeli, Ridgw., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, p. 203.
‘ulg.— Ansar salvage.
Hab.—State of Puebla. S. Marcos, No. 292 ¢, March.
220. Anas diazi Ridgway, sp. nov.
Anas diazi, Ridgway, Auk., II], July, 1886, p. 332.
Vulg.—Pato triguero.
Hab.—State of Puebla. S. Ysidro, No. 215a 2 type, March.—State of
Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 215 6 type, October.
[Sp. CHAR.—Most resembling Anas fulvigula, nobis, but last row of
wing-coverts with a distinct subterminal band of white, and the sec-
12 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
ondaries with a broad terminal bar of the same; general plumage much
less fulvous; cheeks streaked with dusky, and lower basal angle of the
maxilla destitute of any black spot.
Adult é (type, No. 215, collection of the Comision Geografico Ex-
ploradora de Mexico, Laguna del Rosario, Tlaxcala, Mexico, October,
1884): Pileum nearly uniform dusky brown, the feathers narrowly
edged, however, with dull buff, especially on forehead and sides of crown,
and with glossy black shaft-streaks; this dusky color of the pileum
continued as a narrow, well defined, lighter brown stripe down the middle
of the cervix. Rest of head and neck light dull buff, the anterior por-
tion of the lores (extending back nearly half an inch from the base of
the bill), the chin, malar region, and entire throat, entirely immaculate ;
other portions narrowly streaked with dusky, these streaks sparser and
smaller in a well-defined superciliary stripe and in a stripe immediately
beneath a very distinct dusky post-ocular stripe, the latter being con-
tinued in front of the eye as a broader stripe along the upper border of
thelores. Prevailing color of the rest of the plumage dark sooty brown,
but this broken by distinct buff borders or edgings to all the feathers,
including the lesser and middle wing-coverts, and tertials. Greater wing-
coverts brownish gray, broadly tipped with deep black, and crossed by a
narrower subterminal band of white ; secondaries metallic bluish green,
with a distinct terminal band of pure white, and a broader subterminal
one of deep black. Primaries and their coverts slaty brown. Rectrices
dusky brown, edged with buff, each marked with a longitudinal stripe
of deeper buff on the outer web and an obliquely transverse bar of the
,Same on the inner web. Bill olive-yellow, darker on culmen, the nail
and basal portion ef culmen blackish brown; iris dark brown; legs and
feet deep orange.* Wing, 10.00; tail, 4.00; culmen, 2.05; width of bill
near end, .90, at base, .80; tarsus, 1.60; middle toe, 1.95.
Immature 2? (collection of the Comision Geografico Exploradora de
Mexico, San Ysidro, Puebla, March, 1884): Very similar to the adult
male, but pileuam more distinctly streaked, cervix also streaked, and
dusky streaks or stripes on lower parts narrower, the ochraceous pre-
vailing on the under surface; white band across greater wing-coverts
much obscured by grayish mottling, the black terminal band much
less intensely black. Wing, 8.90; tail, 3.80 (much worn at tip); cul-
men, 1.85; width of bill near end, .75; at base, .68.
This fine new species is respectfully dedicated to Professor Augustin
Diaz, C. E., director of the Geographical Exploring Commission of
Mexico, under whose intelligent direction the exceedingly beautiful
collection, of which the type specimens form part, was formed.
Anas diazi is probably the same species as that which Col. A. J.
Grayson identified as Anas obscura, Gm., and which is mentioned by
* Colors as represented by the taxidermist, and believed to correctly represent those
of the living or freshly killed specimen.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 173
him in Mr. Lawrence’s Birds of Western and Northwestern Mexico*
(page 314), as follows: ‘¢I shot many of this species near Tepic, but
have not seen one in the vicinity of Mazatlan. They doubtless breed
in the locality of Tepic, as I found them there in the month of June in
pairs.”
The discovery of this new duck increases the number of North Ameri-
can species of the restricted genus Anas to five, and of those peculiar
to Mexico (so far as known) totwo. The five species may be very readily
distinguished by the following characters :
a'. Smaller wing-coverts uniform grayish-brown or brownish slate; tertials without
light edgings; sexes very different in plumage.
1. A. boschas, Linn. Wing with two distinct white bands.
@. Smaller wing-coverts distinctly bordered with buff or ochraceous, and tertials
edged with the same. Sexes alike in plumage.
b'. Wing without any white bands.
2. A.obscura, Gmel. Malar region, chin, and entire throat distinctly streaked
with dusky; general plumage with dusky largely prevailing. Lower basal
angle of the bill without black spot. Hab.—Eastern North America, breed-
ing from northern border of the United States to Hudson’s Bay region.
3. A. fulvigula, Ridgw.t Malar region, chin, and entire throat immaculate
buff; general plumage with ochraceous prevailing. Lower basal angle of
the bill with a black spot. Hab.—Florida, Kansas.
b*, Wing with one or more distinct white bands.
4, A. diazi, Ridgw. Wing with two white bands; wing more than 9 inches.
Malar region, chin, and throat immaculate buff; general plumage with
dusky prevailing on upper parts, the lower surface with dusky and ochra-
ceous in nearly equal amount. Lower basal angle of bill without black
spot. Hab.—Southern Mexico. (Tlaxcala and Puebla; Tepic?).
5. A. aberti, Ridgw.} Wing with one white band, this a very broad one across
tips of secondaries. Wing less than 9 inches. Chin and upper part of
throat immaculate buff. General plumage a mixture of dusky and ochra-
ceous in nearly equal amount. Hab.—Western Mexico. (Mazatlan.)—
R.R.]
221. Anas strepera Linn.
Anas strepera, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1858, p. 125.
Vulg.—Pato pardo de grupo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tehuacan, No. 333 ¢. State of Tlaxcala.
Laguna del Rosario, No. 220 ¢, January.—State of Vera Cruz. Barra
de Santa Ana, No. 464 ¢, January.
222. Anas carolinensis Gmelin.
Anas carolinensis, Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 533.
| Vulg.—Cerceta de listo verde.
| Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 217 ¢, 217a @,
| 266 ¢, January.
* The Birds of Western and Northwestern Mexico, based upon collections made by
Col. A. J. Grayson, Capt. J. Xantus and Ferd. Bischoff, now in the Museum of the
Smithsonian Institution, at Washington, D.C. By Geo. N. Lawrence.< Memoirs Boston
Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. II, part iii, number ii, 1874, pp. 265-319. (316 species, with
copious field-notes. )
+tCf. Water Birds of North America, Vol. I., 1884, p. 503.
$Cf. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. I, 1878, p. 350.
174 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
223. Anas discors Linn.
Anas discors, Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, I, p. 205.
Vulg.—Cerceta comun.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Chapuleo, No. 2216, 221a?,
257a 2, October.
224. Anas cyanoptera (Vieillot).
Anas cyanoptera, Vieillot, Nouv. Dict., V, 1816, p. 104.
Vulg.—Cerceta cafe.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Chapulco, No. 263 $, November.
225. Dafila acuta (Linn.)°
Anas acuta, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1858, p. 126.
Dafila acuta, Bonap., Comp. & Geog. List, 1838, p. 56.
Vulg.—Pato golondrino.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna del Mayorazgo, No. 216 ¢, Decem-
ber; S. Baltasar, No. 216a 2, January.
226. Aythya affinis (Eyton). 5
Fuligula affinis, Eyt., Mon. Anat., 1838, p. 157.
Aythya affinis, Stejneger, Orn. Expl. Kamtsch., 1885, p. 161.
Vulg.—Pato boludo de cabeza café.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Epatlan (Izucar), No. 268a, 2.
227. Aythya collaris (Donov.).
Anas collaris, Donov., Br. Birds, VI, 1809, pl. 147.
Aythya collaris, Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 356.
Vulg.—Pato boludo prieto.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chapulco, No. 265a ¢ , October.
228. Brismatura rubida Wilson.
Anas rubida, Wilson, Am. Orn., VIII, pp. 128, 130, pl. 71, figs. 5, 6.
Erismatura rubida, Bonap., Comp. & Geog. List., 1838, p. 59.
Vulg.—Pato zambullidor de pico azul.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Chapuleo, No. 264a @, Novem-
ber.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 379 2 ad., September.
Fam. COLUMBID 4.
229. Columba fasciata Say.
Columba fasciata, Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1823, p. 10.
Vulg.—Cuauhpaloma.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 337 ¢.
230. Zenaidura macroura (Linn.).
Columba macroura, Linn., Syst. Nat. I, 1758, p. 164.
Zenaidura macroura, Ridgw., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 355.
Vulg.—Tortola comun.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huehuetlan, No. 168 ¢,168a ¢, January.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 175
231. Melopelia leucoptera (Linn.).
Columba leucoptera, Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 164.
Melopelia leucoptera, Bonap., Consp. Av., II, 1854, p. 81.
Vulg.—Paloma torcaz de alas blaneas.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Atlixco, No. 283 ¢.
232. Scardafella inca (Less.).
Chamepelia inca, Less., Descr. Quadr., etc., Buffon, 1850, p. 211.
Scardafella inca, Bonap., Consp. Av., II, 1854, p. 85.
Vulg.—Coquito comun.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huexotitla, No. 69 3, 69a 2, November.
233. Columbigallina passerina pallescens (Baird).
Chamepelia passerina? var. pallescens, Baird, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1859, p. 305.
Vulg.—Coquito de monte.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Acatlan, No. 113 ¢; Chietla, No. 70 3, 70a 2,
37 3, 37a 2, December.
234. Peristera pretiosa F. Per.
Columba cinerea, Temminck (nec Scopoli), Pl. Col., 260.
Peristera cinerea, ‘‘Swainson,” Gray, List Gen. of Birds, 1841, p. 75.
Peristera pretiosa, Ferrari Perez, MS. ;
Vulg.—Coquito aplomado.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 223 ¢.
235. Engyptila albifrons (Bonap.).
Leptoptila albifrons, Bonap., Consp. Ay., II, 1854, p. 74.
Engyptila albifrons, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Club, V, 1880, p. 100.
Vulg.—Paloma barranquera.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Rancho del Ahuehuete (Tecali), No. 219a 2,
June.
Fam. CRACIDA.
236. Crax globicera Linn.
Crax globicera, Linneus, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, p. 270.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz, No. 4372.
237. Penelope purpurascens Wagler.
Penelope purpurascens, Wagler, Isis, 1830, p. 1110.
Vulg.—Cojolite.
Hub.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 318 ¢, 318a@.
288. Ortalis poliocephala Wagler.
Penelope poliocephala, Wagler, Isis, 1830, p. 1112.
Ortalida poliocephala, Wagler, Isis, 1832, p. 1227.
Vulg.—Chachalaca.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chachapa, No. 344a 2, February.
176 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
239. Ortalis vetula maccalli Baird.
Ortalida maccalli, Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, p. 611.
Ortalida vetula var maccalli, Baird, Hist. N. Am. B., Il], 1874, p. 398.
Vulg.—Chachalaca.
Hab.—State of Puebla. San José Acateno, No. 449 3, July.
Fam. TETRAONID A.
240. Colinus pectoralis (Gould).
Ortyx pectoralis, Gould, P. Z. S., 1842, p. 182.
Vulg.—Codorniz solitaria.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 166 3, 166a 2, December.
241. Philortyx personatus Ridgway, sp. nov.
Philortyx personatus, Ridgway, Auk, III, July, 1886, p. 333.
Vulg.—Codorniz de copete.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chietla, No. 157 3, type, December.
[Sp. CHAR.—Somewhat like P. fasciatus, GOULD, but differing in
having the bill light brown instead of black, and the forehead, cheeks,
and throat black, instead of brown and white.
Young 4, transition plumage (type, No. 157, collection of the Comis-
ion Geografico Exploradora de Mexico, Chietla, Puebla, December,
1884): Forehead, cheeks, chin, and throat, uniform black; lores and
post-ocular region dull ochraceous; feathers of crown, including those
of the crest (the longest of which extend 1.25 inches from the base of
the culmen), brownish black, with transverse spots or irregular bars of
fulvous; occiput and nape light brown, barred with dusky, the lower
part of the cervix uniform light grayish brown; scapulars, interscapu-
lars, tertials, and some of the wing-coverts, light grayish brown, marked
with a broad mesial streak of whitish, and large terminal or subterminal
spots of black. (A few new feathers on the anterior portion of the scapu-
lar area have a terminal bar of dull buff preceded by a broad subter-
minal band or spot of black.) Primaries brownish gray, the outer
webs irregularly spotted with pale brownish buff. Rump grayish brown,
finely mottled with darker, some of the feathers with indistinct lighter
tips and dusky subterminal spots; upper tail-coverts similar, but with
more distinct markings. Tail finely mottled with hight brown, pale
dull grayish buff, and dusky, the coarser mottlings disposed in the form
of indistinct but very regular bars. Old feathers (immature plumage)
of jugulum and breast dusky, each with a sharply defined and very
conspicuous white mesial streak; new feathers (adult plumage) alter-
nately barred with blackish brown and white; new feathers of lower
breast more broadly barred, the darker bars deep black; sides and
flanks (old feathers) irregularly barred and spotted with dusky, ona
white ground; abdomen white, immaculate in middle portion ; lower
tail-coverts pale dull buffy or brownish white. Billlight reddish brown ;
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 177
feet horn-brown. Wing, 3.80; tail, 2.00; culmen, .42; depth of bill at
base, .30; tarsus, 1.00; middle toe, .92.
This very distinct new species has its nearest ally in the Philortyx
fasciatus, Gould, from Western Mexico (Colima), which, however, is
larger, has the bill more robust and deep biack, and has the chin,
throat, and malar region wholly immaculate white.—kh. R.|
Fam. RALLIDA.
242. Rallus elegans tenuirostris, Lawrence.
Rallu elegans var. tenuirostris Lawrence, Am. Nat., February, 1874, p. 111.
Vulg.—Rascon de agua.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 2114, October.
243. Aramides albiventris, Lawrence.
Aramides albiventris Lawrence, Proc. Ac. Phil., 1867, p. 234,
Vulg.—Gallina de Mostezuma, Totocalea.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 2733; Vega de Alatorre,
No. 4532, August.
244. Porzana carolina (Linn).
Rallus carolinus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1858, I, p. 153.
Porzana carolina Bard! Lit. Rec. & Jour., Linn. Assoc. , Penn. Col., October,
1845, p. 255.
Vulg.—Gallinita de ciénega.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chapuleco, No. 145a2, September; 14542,
October.
245. Fulica americana Gmelin.
Fulica americana Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1788, p. 704.
Vulg.—Gallareta de pico blanco.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Chapulco, No. 2463, November.
State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 246a2, October.
Fam. ARAMIDZA.
246. Aramus giganteus (Bonaparte).
Rallus giganteus Bonaparte, Jour. Ac. Philad., 1825, p. 31.
Aramus giganteus Baird, B. N. A., 1858, p. 657.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Santa Ana, No. 447 2°, February.
Fam. JACANIDAS.
247. Jacana gymnostoma (Wagler.)
Parra gymnostoma Wagler, Isis, 1831, p. 517.
Jacana gymnostoma Zeledon, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 114.
Vulg.—Jacana, Cirujano, Gallito de laguna.
Hab.—-State of Puebla. Laguna de Epatlan, No. 2494, 249a2, 2744,
274a 2, December.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalen Nos. 472 6,495 3, 496,
August.
Proce. N. M. 86 ——12 September 28, 1886.
178 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Fam. CHARADRIIDA.
248, Charadrius dominicus Miiller.
Charadrius dominicus Miiller, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, p. 116.
Vulg.—Pluvial dorado.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Huertas de 8. Javier (Puebla), No. 209a 9,
March.—State of Tlaxcala. Nativitas, No. 194 ¢, October.
249. Aegialitis vociferus (Linn.).
Charadrius vociferus Linn., Syst. Nat., 1758, I, p. 150.
Agialitis vociferus Bonap., Comp. & Geog. List., 1838, p. 45.
Vulg.—Chichicuilote de collar, Tildio.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chapulco, Nos. 1504, 150a 2, October.—State
of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 429 ?, 431 ¢, December.
Fam. SCOLOPACID ZZ.
250. Himantopus mexicanus, Miiller.
Charadrius mexicanus Miiller, 8. N. Suppl., 1776, p. 117.
Himantopus mexicanus Ord ed. Wilson, VII, 1824, p. 52.
Vulg.—Candelero.
Hab.—State of Pbuela. Laguna de Chapulco, Nos. 252 3, 252a 2, No-
vember.
251. Phalaropus tricolor (Vieillot).
Steganopus tricolor Vieillot, Nouv. Dict., XXXII, 1819, p. 136.
Phalaropus tricolor Stejneger, Auk., II, 1885, p. 182.
Vulg.—Chichicuilote nadador.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Chapulco, Nos. 183 gz, 183a 9,
September ; Nos. 152 ¢, 152a 2, October.
252. Gallinago delicata (Ord).
Sclopax delcata Ord ed. Wils. Orn., 25, IX, 1825, p. cexviii.
Gallinago delicata Ridgway, A. O. U. Check List, 1886, p. 148.
Vulg.—Agachona, Becacina.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, Nos. 149 3, 184a 2,
September; Nos. 149a 2, 184 6, October.
253. Micropalama himantopus (Bonap.).
Tringa himantopus Bonap., Am. Lye. N. Y., I, 1826, p. 157.
Micropalama himantopus Baird, B. N. Am., 1858, p. 726.
Vulg.—Chorlete desconocido.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Laguna del Rosario, No. 151 ¢, January.
254. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmelin).
Scolopax melanoleuca Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 659.
Totanus melanoleucus Vieillot, Nouv. Dict., VI, 1816, p. 398.
Vulg.—Zarapico grande.
Hab.—State of Tlaxcala. Nativitas, No. 254 ¢, October; Laguna
del Rosario, No. 254a 2, October.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 179
255. Numenius longirostris Wilson.
Numenius longirostris Wilson, Am. Orn , VIII, 1814, p. 24, pl. 64, fig. 4.
Vulg.—Chorlo real.
Hab.--State of Puebla. Laguna de 8S. Baltazar, No. 255 3, Sep-
tember.
Fam. LARIDZS.
256. Sterna maxima Bodd.
Sterna maxima Bodd., Tabl. P. E., p. 58.
Vulg.—Gaviota.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 270¢.
257. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis (Gmelin).
Sterna surinamensis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 604.
Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis Stejneger, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 1882, p.
40.
Vulg.—Golondrina de mar.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de S. Baltazar, No. 165 2 , October ;
Laguna de Chapulco, No. 165a 2, October.
258. Larus atricilla Linn.
Larus atricilla Linn., Syst., Nat., 1, 1753, p. 136.
Vulg.—Apipisca grande de alas largas, Gaviota..
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 267 ¢; Vega de Alatorre,
No. 4542, ad., July; Vera Cruz, No. 457 2 juv., January.
259. Larus franklinii Sw. & Rich.
Larus franklinii Sw. & Rich., F. B. A., Il, 1831, p. 424, pl. 71.
Vulg.—Apipisea.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de 8. Baltazar (Puebla), No. 230 6,
230a 2 , September.
260. Larus californicus Lawrence.
Larus californicus Lawr., Ann., Lyc., Nat. Hist. N. Y., VI, 1854, p. 79.
Vulg.—Paviota.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Alvarado, No. 322
Fam. PODICIPITID 4.
261. Aichmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence).
Podiceps occidentalis Lawr., in Baird’s B. N. Am., 1858, p. 894.
Aichmophorus occidentalis Coues, Pr. Ac. Philad., 1862, p. 229.
Vulg.—Gallina soldado.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Epatlan, No. 256 4, December.
262. Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Heerm. ).
Podiceps californicu, Heerm., Proc. Ac. Philad., 1854, p. 179,
Colymbus nigricollis californicus Ridgway, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, p. 356.
Vulg.—ZGambullidor de pico delgado.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Epatlan (Isucar), No. 25809,
December.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 4974, young, August.
180 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
263. Colymbus dominicus Linn.
Colymbus dominicus Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, p. 223.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 4763, 4773, 3819, August.
264. Podilymbus podiceps (Linn.).
Colymbus podiceps Linn., Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 136.
Podilymbus podiceps Lawr., in Baird’s B. N. Am., 1858, p. 898.
Vulg.—Zambullidor de pico grueso.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Laguna de Chapulco, No. 2692.
Fam. TINAMIDZE.
265. Crypturus sallzi (Bonap.).
Nothocercus sallai Bonap., Compt. Rend., XLII, 1856, p. 954.
Crypturus sallei Sclat. & Salv., Exot. Orn., t. 45.
Vulg.—Abutarda.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 2482.
Index to the genera of birds, with the corresponding numbers of their first species.
Gerera. No. || Genera. No.
|
A. Caruaeints dicen ne Scorn destieneceamaceeeees 200
foe AE! OD es tome. SN Me 194 | Jenturus tht de asatadescbiecdiwesseseee seer | 154
Baek ete ee Se ee oleae 261 || Ceophlous fF ergts a EE. Le | 148
SLOPE TEES CR eee SS cupean a epee Fa a 249 || Coryle .-.---.--------22s2-2eec tone ew scenes | 159
Pectsatra Oe 7 Sh a apie ie ize a sae 100. |) COMEMEB severe adie aeh ee tgne te seme ae jae
Aimophila 74 || (CAI BOS PI ee ae a ere tee aie 79
Anda 93 || Chamepelia .......--..-----------+-------- i232
Medes ee “| 459 || Charadrius .....-...--.----+--------+-----3| 248
Rear ily tiptoe MTS 143 | Chloronerpes «-.-.+..2+-2..te1-seeeeeeeeees 192
ee deanna 73 | Chlorospingus ........-...------. -----+---- 51
AGN CLIS Wace me ee see se etn o = seem ace nice 39 || chondentes Sr geek eo ee 82
Jd RN UE ve aenocecoenorseso-odccsossaps ss 67 NYS OUIB Le «'- so ekenicleisths on cee k Aisa aa tee 176
ere 999 || Ciccaba........-----------2--eeeeee neers ee: 181
eee a sh NEA ae Loe gaat | 979 || Circus ........-..-.-.--2-2---22 2-2 e ee eee 184
AS | "gg || Gocsothraustes ....--+-s.s0eseseeeeees ees 56
IAtrostOMmuUs eet eeeso senate can bee see sms 145 poeey ats Sait ST cee BLL eee 171
BACT HSL COIN Age teleta lesa ete ale i lao tal elale em =m in alls 109 || en eee a15
PAraINIG OS cane sale ateteeits a ae eieee aie = steiner 243 Se en eee ae : 156
Renate 946 || Colinus.-......-------- | 240
=F SP TTa A RT RS 905 || Columba.........---.-+-- 229
Ree aa le ai | coleebizalting 233
etasina o osc. sate ce ee cic waite pemeantey aaa 185 Colymbus RETEST TT FS ree 2 ad ae 262
airtel eS. ae ae eae 183 canna sec see cee ner eens es ceeeee esse cee 121
PALI SD ELGS eaten io ere ele miea)slatainie ntete siete ta iat mats 81 Ouedeice SESE Th. 6 a ee 175
Aulacoramphus 174 ae 88
math va 906 || Corvus. ..-..-.--------- 2-22-2222 eens eee 113
Diecast s rare Sr Sn cn aaa ied ora aaa | O0t le. so ccc cameeicnctaneesselcetee ne esaeee 44
B IOGear 236
‘ Crotophaga) ..2ce2 cots one ceecewsive np esctete 167
UB CSTLOULLOINIS ia os mete ia aes iniaeeieleiaiotate = aelatetels $4 Cry pbarus - <0 cee once eesac cisaceseines <eseeoOD
PBOWUY CUD mre caia eloiniateiloletaln/alm ol ns'a ots etalon | BBA | NOuctiisl . Jb tenb Rest cates eee 169
(BOtAUUS) a aceon ese eects sneer one eee 210M) | ;C@yanocittac 25 et Seeecceese ete aaa ear LOT,
Ran en ON bene se eRe ene eee eee eee D2 al PO Van OCOTEX = asec eee eee see ae ene 110
TROL ee wees ne San oad delete sretinatceiee ere 187 || ;Cyanogarrulius.—2- cree nee eaeeacaseeeae eee 107
OY CLATAB \)scac.t Seics elseine cee ee een eee 37
Gi Cohort Hoe ce we tae see aoe na amalemetetna aan 37
Giese <5 Me ose ok aes dee oe lee 126 Eanes 20
Ci aUae italic es cates sees cess ne Uae eae TAI ||, CUBeUe -~ -- nn - ann - -— oo cine nnanaemeaen ace 144
Campephilus ---------- <2 eee wenn nn wanes D
Campy lopienusieeee= ahaa neers see eee eee | 185 :
Campylorhynchus - ---- <2. ~~ <=. 52 <== 2. 17 || Dafila ....-.--. t otete) Sanne sisyaleie ace neta ee cer etee 225
ORNCRDING Peeper es «eater ns sisie oa seis ee |b nolbinl WeDendnocolaptess 22 3-8 crn lcn opie ctciatlemtasia te 132
2 Yet De ete terete oa oe | 145 rea re ica eee alert ore laters 28
SAL DOS eerie eeiata sae cet mates ema eie ~eois| , LOS Dendroicaissos. .e> ocepeastese eee ee eeeeees 27
OT OME E Sy faa ois- aoc ize nine Se teas eeeise eee | 84. |) Dendrormis)..-2ccesecossc<weseeeee scene ceee 131
Carpodacus . ceeaseeene Sa 83 || Diglossa 45
Gaksicnlusgsesssteqcceencseeeeeescanc- sec eer 86 || Dives 105
OBB s hus aee dneee ite se eee eee 85 || Doricha 140
Cassicus 2220. cst ces eceacseacecwesmasines 87 |! Dryobates 149
1886. ]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
181
Index to the genera of birds, with the corresponding numbers of their first species—Cout’d.
Genera. No. | Genera,
E. | diunadectes Bitamia ia aVetstaia any exaletclerstate eianeis cia ater |
VIATICHUS!s 242 Aare esos ee aaa Peace
Fe ces emnanc a) oe eee Ne gl eer mioctee sees eteeek a |
Embernagra ee RE eects.) Whaat 52 My lozetetes ...-.. stem ee cement cece wen ecr enn. |
OM PIT ON BK eee aeetinapesiaaa-eces aonb ee 120 N
[inary tilagasesso- ance cee at os cisminvise ceeioniek 235 5
WT PAN CUR oe ac ecceepoese cocoa. ccs ce ee nen 35 || Nothocercus .....- Caiainacccniain estes
HPINMALULA scents cemeecicnscssecca ccs socaes 2Sin | PANUMON TUS) yo ones eatin cl sia ola! oye aire steal nea ete |
IN SONGS eee n ee eee biases sence cesses SSH PANY CUCOLAR: 2 acres aerate or eae qaectostearoe
UITGUNE Ihren cence cceceae cen cise aeeeets OUP ON yctidromus), 2.4 scssec seen calc eceiaeieesur
HnphONidise sectrereseees ccs asceciousseiaece 46
Mathly pists cca sce sss cs ccqceseceee cesscue 34 O.
F OOS SP sees esa erase SA cee
: IOnneame Gade Noses A Sa Gi Pues Sek Gla See
OTD sass cag TAN oases Soca eae saad era tae
MalCOmenwccinceecisescecesccates=secscese ces 19 |) Ortalida |
HOS MTA ere aaa oeece tacos esees sees 202 || Ortali
Org Mee ee re a cece ee 48 || Or eo
. | Ortya |
PUT Grete eee lee sce cas ais sms eee 245 || Osti
TRUSTED ED aa nme he en a Se IE 226 Roederer oriented hm el aaah oie eee tale |
G. | iP |
| Pachyrhynchus
Gallinago 252M arr, iN pee Ve eamcram swe dicieectee
GOTTANS Ets ceertnisiee ais «<'e 01> HOST AR aI Sete Sans. cetera yes erst rae eee eee |
Geococeyx 1GSE|Rasserculus pre Soe ase emceee Sales
TeOthlypisherecee cosas cis Secon e eameenes S| WER SSeLinae 2 saeco ane eecies occas ccies sees
pasnciciam ME oekisesesdcsccoue suas esas. PS Ie MRClEGANUS T= a hee ven ccins Soeisie ccee ees sees |
TUM ere etal eteteal alsin tate nai sle\slel~/enciaiai= etqeneere ea Tae aeRO MG | OF) Oye csetnrarai(-tare stars 1 wales a ae ee ee
Gina Cae ten er acitctes anes ous cecenseauceaoee SSG eriscenal aces ccs oe See ae oe ee eee eee
Gy DAP USte eres eae e ccs nrciareisin soccer 201s Pe etasophoraia- sass oss. =tedeninasgeniesesene
IPetrochelid Oniss.cscic eee sas se aoece bee eeeee |
H. Phainopepla ee cae. saienc ee ceecse tee saemee
: IBhalacrocordxn ts ssc es = nee cee 5 eee
VAD IA Wee hae Sone eeeins ocak cone ai ta seem 57
Eta drostomus sees sesmtee: oo cae see eee eee 129 Phalarepus AEE EEN A Rete Rar ean ae
Hemophila i ' 15 Pheucticus ain'w a\eleie\s/elela|e\elu\e\e\e:~)s!=\elaaie'sialelninsei=i= |
Harpornynchusenssese--cascccen et eeeeeeeee 8 Eniloe YX. 2+ +--+ 222s seer eee eee eee eee eee eee |
NEC OU MCLER RA si2.< cient naieacnek eee acesene 57 || p; oS PERI GE ROR EEL Le CARR ae |
FTONICOLMIN AS sare sews wel scan ceases ZOM pica narod So eee IRE CEs e haa |
HEGpOHouneresmeceee teen cee ee ae eee 198 |] Deon, Use SPSS RCIPeI pee a eee einen |
Hinrancopuseeeenen. ve noces sects 250 |) pi, ilo RLS See LN Oe
Hiphorhynchus Hote 131 Pee i A Te EER Sore EL EEN CU oe
PETA Oem steele aie = = eae nl daeeseemes 43 Be Spee aT: Ea IE HGS Rea ean
Hydrochelidon ..-.2.22-....2e sce eceeeees eran ee |
T (| Ble ads sss cee ets cece cee eee
; Bodicepsy: 220i) 23. Be 2S RUN ie ete occa e ee
Ieteria Bb! || ME odilyimbuses- =) scehes= sactecs esha en
Icterus 88) oloptilencesces ast sciee seri Pca e ee eo aes |
MCUNIBe Ne eest boeds sea o--celaceb gee cecsebee DOT SPOly horus) su ses. =e sant erie ae dates tat }
PROOCRLES? Sac-mer te eeeccce mere ceses eee |
ROCs ZU ass Kye. daaaee Safer taee eee
ROT ZA Ai sche esha ee eee ene reiees crocs ees |
ae UETONIIE Se eeen tas esi yane vee es aaa See eee oe
a enoeue Hs chee cree) ence esa a eens eee
SaLIMIPARNSe..) - aoscee- peeee nec adeees ae
L Seles
: ESOT OCOLUUB paso sole saya we iiete celae pianos
WEAN PCOPSAL ss sse~ cass iacin'e ae lease Rasen 05% || SPsilorbinus)) 222.5. S423 ete gcece case se]
GAMA IBS aac epee weiss a sicete eeeeeicis Gies MO aa aan asease aaaune, (oud seuooEeoen |
OMUS Hoes sakes ese eae 258! |i tenoplossus.. j2-hisagsecae sneak saeeete ae
Leptoptila 2808 | |PEGHIOCONYS):- 5 50202 ~ a. oo neces occas es
LOPNOURONES. <2 2 5ess scccucsetae le tees eee IGA EYT PISA ann sa2 2 oes ce cehad setemeehten cot
NOBUO oy esi ene Bats (aininsa facie eee ee Se PEyroOcephalus hei) ea cece Sacies merece '
M. Q.
MIGIANET PES soso can ccs win ciseciceecassise <= 1537 | |pQUuisCAlUs | seme alec se efers Peeme areas
PMGTAHOUISS Pete oe = ain ate rae cee enews Tt
Melopclipcet no. csssce meee ee ee eens 231 | R. |
IM@IOSPIZ8)-Gssc- esssna sds ess aes cae ekee 69
Mie nulla emeretee ire cetia aaa eeeeiaaee ise). 3 || ne AE eat SE ERD WAT een DY OE
IMicrathene = ccs- <= sscses -eaeeeelaseee ence 183 | a seer Coe 7 DISaK GP ES a Oh
Micropalam ays 4-2 4- soe eee ee 253 Homphastes BEG PA Sioa ha Ee oe
Mi yal sh seein oe crerse weiner sitoe meee oe TOT eae ap Gh ts chr PR SiRRA TEL ad CR RT, SRR ASB |
Manis 9 IRA waver mein cbse ane cclecenaccae tetera
See a See aisle osm aa mie eee See eeeae sea ete< | ,
RGR Eat a Oa ee ae eT CR See a IU pOLNIS ie = ee sere eee eee aan hee
Molothrus s
Momotus .-- | "
Motacilla . HPSS ERL IDEA CHGS geet alee aaa te eae ole acclaim) a cic |
Muscicapa Pepe LUANCO Lemay rtste aerate atta ale etotntete meee cielo
Myadestes ISCUT OD UILGRD miata einai aoe sine eisai}
169
109
132
112
176
73
40
80
119
182 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Index to the genera of birds, with the corresponding numbers of their first species—Cont’d.
Genera. No. | Genera. | v0.
NRVOLMIBG 6 oo cela neni can eccme tess ote aee 15) || Thamnophilus':+. 2. c-ooscenu case eee nee 134
DEALOAOl msec sc cee et eccec tee see sec seme |. (232) bryOGhOruss).s2seiesesscicesemnee pase ssece 21
SColecOphA GUS ha. - ae ncieassiem = c= set i LOD!) hates = seas Seco as ena cne eas meciemeensgeeeneee 61
SCOT ONE: eee ee oleae aaa ee eae eee A216) | SRierisOMa so.c.csecsse>-asoasee ese ae eee 212
SO HERES eee eect aoe ne emanates eae 20))|| MulMmaAGaracoscesccseseneesee oe eeeeeeeeee 142
800 ReaD Me teeteeleetelee = neato ieterelele eles ial Ohl | ALG ee erro iare oe etc ein oie een ere eee 129
RSP ett oie eta alm winialnle c's wielaloteeimieintsitea tse ete DL Sil MOtanws' -2520)22.<siccnceces\cauawaccamce meme 254
SLPS OM WS pose lo lem elas eee ee elete ee ataateaafe oa RSL | REN GG aac. cc ocean Fons 7 se eameties Meese Reet 253
PUI Ua eens asters slate eee a eset eintel etait 20)i|| ME LOCHUUS =. oc casiaceesscs=eoaon aiseeanenesee 140
SPETTRODNUG a2) doom eine eile ase een eye ool EEroplodybes 2 sacciccssscccscesssesescer eens 22
SpPHhenoproctus ---s2.--aesa eee cee eee 135) |MErogon': 2. <5 <iccscccnccccciscsecce meseceeees 164
Sphyrapious ssc. cccemsesicoses cs ceeeeeseeee ¥52'| MLurdas'ss2s28osseseciecsc ssteasvieeceomeme eee 1
IS UIVUCE Ba ee oe late ein iol aremistate aie etn toe ciate ie 72 |) Tyrannula,...--- 12222-22222 222222 eee teens 115
SPURS oes eee etre eine eaieeeaicitetet tea BO ul MEV TANNUG ss \a2)- sce eticinsee coerce neem neeeetce 125
itie een emee easier cece 63
Spizetus...--...--- 192 Dis
Spizastur ...-.....- 193 |
Spizella...... WL || WUranomitra - 3515 3255. s5 css cc sesueseseae 143
Sporophila. -. 59: || Urabitings. =. 5 24-522s2ccsesesaaeemauscee le La
Steqanopus ...---- 251
Duel OdOpLleryxs --sscceesesteseenseeee sees 44 We
SHSDR de teae ceisweeiaecicineine accesses cicero 256
DELEG eRe aseee ese beeen ee ses nieee eee ee L78'\\|\ Volatinias. 5 .s<2-12scacsgee re --simcesisecee cee 60
SUUTHEl ieee eee ee ee eee eect enact ees 104: || Waléur: 2222558 -cic0 toots -otiatons ee Sameeeeee 200
PSR TTS eet ele tee 88
Sylvanin ceases ccenccecne cone ae eee enone 32 || X.
SLOG eoesasie es eininism meiner eniaine sas tee 29 |
xSP TRIN terete fale feslats iain eietetnla alafeinrareieteieiete oer 178 || Xanthocephalus ..----.:..5..---.5..20..--- 103
EXCUTUEMOT TUES Senile = rane la reload ol at artes 90
T, | (EXAN THOME. coer eiccsceeaotrrssec a aeageneeee 109
| Z.
TRASH eeec\acaanamosinseeeenssassceen eee 50 ||
TANSETA cons) Jets eaeaceseseeeescciseeeeenens 47) AONAMGULA 22 <cicnccceoccestksicccawscaukecee 230
Bie toLUES pero motel otal eee eee PAG ZOOM TONE enaniesanentan aa eae eee ee eee 68
itt REP hs:
By F. FERRARI PEREZ.
With descriptions of new species, by Prof. E. D. Cope.
Whilst the collections of the Commission were at the Exposition at
New Orleans they were examined by various specialists, and that of
reptiles and batracians was carefully studied by the distinguished her-
petologist, Prof. E. D. Cope, who published a preliminary list with the
description of a new genus and species in the Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society of the year 1885, pp. 379-382. Owing
to the short time he could spend in New Orleans, and to other cireum-
stances, some of the species and the corresponding localities were not
included in the list. Moreover, the collection has increased consid-
erably in species and examples since that time, as well for the reason
that the Commission has continued collecting and has sent to this
capital a good number of the examples recently met with, as also
because the secretary of Fomento of Mexico decided, by suggestion of
the sub-secretary of the same ministry, Engineer Manuel Fernandez
Leal, that the collection made in the State of Chiapas by Mr. Rafael
Montes de Oca during the years that he discharged the office of natural-
ist of the commission of limits between Mexico and Guatemala should
o berets
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 183
remain in the hands of the Commission. Unfortunately this last came
to the present writer without any precise indications of localities, a fact
which obliged us to include them merely as coming from the State of
Chiapas. All the identifications and descriptions of new species have
been made by Professor Cope in Philadelphia, whither the present
writer has been twice for that purpose. .
OPHIDIA:
Fam. STENOSTOMID AS.
1. Stenostoma phzenops Cope.
Stenostoma phenops Cope, Jour. Acad. Philad., 1875, p. 128.
Vulg.—Culebra pinta.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 48, December.
2. Stenostoma macrolepis Peters.
Vulg.—Culebra.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 50, December.
Fam. BOIDA.
3. Boa imperator Daudin.
Boa imperator Daudin, Hist. Rept., V, 1602, p. 150; Duméril et Bocourt, Miss.
scient. Mex., III, 1882, p. 519, pl. XXX, fig. 8, 8a, 8b, 8c.
Vulg.—Boa, Vivora de cabeza de perro, Mazacoatl.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 6, December;
Jalapa, Nos. 275, 3622, December.—State of Chiapas. ? Nos. 235, 258.
Fam. COLUBRIDE.
4. Leptognathus nebulata (Linnzus). ‘
Coluber nebulatus Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 222.
» Leptognathus nebulatus Giinther, Cat. Colube. Snak., 1858, p. 177.
Vulg.—Vivora de barriga amarilla.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 69, December.
5. Leptognathus fasciata (Giinther).
Tropidodipsas fasciata Giinther, Cat. Colubr. Snak., 1858, p. 181.
Vulg.—Coralillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 21, 22
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, December.
~
93, 24,
6. Sibon annulatum (Linneus),
Coluber annulatus Linneeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 224.
Sibon annulatus Fitzinger, Neue Class. Rep., 1826, p. 60.
Vulg.—Culebra de agua, Culebra pinta.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Hueytamaleo (Teziutlan), No. 44, December.
State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 45, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
184 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
95, 96, December. Jalapa, Nos. 47, 85, December.—State of Chiapas.
Nos. 236, 248, 249, 250, 251, 254, 256, 257.
7. Sibon frenatum, Cope, sp. nov.
Vulg.—Coralillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 298, type.
[Scales in twenty-three longitudinal series. Body rather slender, tail
rather short, head very distinct and depressed. Superior labials nine,
eye resting on the fourth and fifth, and only separated from the third
by the small inferior preocular. All are higher than long, excepting the
eighth and ninth, which are longer than high; the sixth and seventh
are the largest. Inferior labials, eleven. Postgeneials much longer
than pregeneials. Loreal plate subquadrate; oculars, 2-2; the superior
anterior not reaching frontal plate. Temporals, 1-2-3. Frontal twice
as long as wide, with parallel sides. Occipitals moderate, reaching to
above middle of eighth superior labials. Gastrosteges, 188; anals, 1-1;
urosteges, 69.
Colors: above black, below white. At distances of from six to nine
scales, narrow cross-bands of one scale in width rise from the abdom-
inal border color, and meet or terminate in alternating positions, on or
near the middle line of the back. These bands are more or less gray,
sometimes darker in the middle. The top of the head is gray, densely
mottled with blackish, leaving a crescentic space of light gray between
a black spot behind the head-shields and the beginning of the black of
the superior surfaces. A broad black band passes downwards and pos-
teriorly from the eye, and crossing the angle of the mouth, covers the
side of the neck, and unites with the black of the following regions.
The superior labiais are light-gray with black borders; the dark borders
of the inferior labvials are less distinct.
Total length, 3805™™; of tail, 66™™; of head to canthus oris, 11™™.
»No. 298. Jalapa, Mexico. ;
This species is nearest the S. personatum Cope from Mazatlan, although
the coloration is very different. That species has but cne preocular,
eight superior labials, &¢.—E. D. Cope. |
8. Trimorphodon collaris Cope.
Trimorphodon collaris Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad., 1875, p. 131.
Vulg.—Culebra.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Izucar de Matamoros, No. 56, November.
9. Dipsas cenchoa (Linneus).
Coluber cenchoa, Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 226; I, 1766, p. 389.
Dipsas cenchoa, Wied, Beitr., I, 1825, p. 396.
Vulg.—Miahuacuitlapitl.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. San José Acatino, No. 302.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 185
10. Dipsas gemmistrata Cope.
Himantodes gemmistratus Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1861, p. 296.
Dipsas gemmistratus Cope, Journ. Acad. Philad., 1875, p. 131.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? Nos. 247, 260.
11. Dryophis acuminata Wied.
Coluber acuminatus Wied., Abbildg., Lief. 14, 1822, t,1; Beitr., I, 1825, p. 322.
Dryophis acuminata Giinther, Cat. Colubr. Snak., 1858, p. 156.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? No. 259.
12. Hapsidophrys mexicanus (Duméril et Bibron).
Leptophis mexicanus Duméril et Bibron, Erpét. Gén., VIL, I, 1854, p. 536.
Hapsidophrys mexicanus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1885, p. 279.
Vulg.—Vivora azul.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 57, 58, Decem-
ber.
13. Drymobius boddaertii (Setzen).
Coluber boddaertii Setzen, Meyers Arch. Zool., XJ, 1795, p. 59.
Drymobius boddaertii Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1860, p. 561.
Vulg.—Vivora gris.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 295.
14. Drymobius margaritiferus (Schlegel).
Herpetodryas margaritiferus Schlegel, Ess. Serp., I, p. 151; II, p. 184.
Drymobius margaritiferus Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1860, p.561.
Vulg.—Culebra verde.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Misanitla, No. 14, December ; Jicaltepec
(Jalapa), Nos. 17, 18,19, 20, December. State of Puebla. Hueyta-
malco (Teziutlan), Nos. 15, 16, December.
15. Coluber flavirufus Cope.
Coluber flavirufus Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1866, p. 319.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? No. 255.
16. Spilotes auribundus Cope.
Spilotes pullatus auribundus Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1861, p. 300.
Spilotes salvinit Giinth.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? No. 245.
17. Spilotes corais (Cuvier).
Coluber corais “ Cuvier,” Boie, Isis, 1827, p. 537.
Spilotes corais Duméril et Bibron, Erpét. Gén., VII, I, 1854, p. 223.
Vulg.—Culebra.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? Nos. 233, 234, 237, 238.
18. Spilotes corais erebennus Cope.
Spilotes erebennus Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1860, p. 564.
Spilotes corais subspecies erebennus Cope, Jour. Acad. Philad., 1875, p. 135.
Vulg.—Culebra negra.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 275, 277, 361 °.
186 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
19. Rhinechis deppei (Duméril et Bocourt).
Elaphis deppei Duméril et Bocourt, Erpét. Gén., VII, 1854, p. 268.
Rhinechis deppei Cope, Cat. Rep. Mex. et Amér. Centr., MS.
Vulg.—Palanecacoatl.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. S. José. Acatino, No. 303.
20. Tropidonotus rhombifer Hallowell.
Tropidonotus rhombifer Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Phil., 1852, p. 177.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Misantla, No. 5, December.
21. Tropidonotus mesomelanus Jan.
Tropidonotus mesomelanus Jan., Elenco sist. Ofidi, 1863, p. 73.
Vulg.—Culebra.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 77, December.
22. Eutaenia scalaris Cope.
Thamnophis scalaris Cope, Croc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 369.
Eutenia scalaris Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1%66, p. 306.
Vulg.—Culebra pinta rayada.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 74.—State of Vera Cruz? S.
José Acatino, No. 299.
23. Hutaenia pulchrilatus Cope.
Eutenia pulchrilatus Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1884, p. 174.
Vulg.—Culebra de agua.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 46, December.
24. Eutaenia flavilabris Cope.
Eutenia flavilabris Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1866, p. 306; Proc. Am. Philos.
Soc. 1884, p. 173.
Vulg.—Culebra verde de agua.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, Nos. 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 288, 291.
25. Hutaenia proxima Say.
Coluber proximus Say, Long’s Exp. Rock. Mount., I, 1823, p. 187.
Eutainia proxima Baird & Girard, Cat. Serp., 1853, p. 25.
Vulg.—Culebra ranera.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 86.
26. Eutaenia sirtalis (Linnzus).
Coluber sirtalis Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, p. 383.
Hutainia sirtalis Baird & Girard, Cat. Serp., 1853, p. 30.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 88.
27. Ninia diademata Baird & Girard.
Ninia diademata Baird & Girard, Cat. North. Am. Rep., I, January, 1853, p. 49.
Streptophorus bifasciatus Duméril et Bibron, Mem. Ac. Scien., XXIII, 1853, p.
468; Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex., III, 1883. p.545, pl. XXXII,
fig. 10, 10a, 10d.
Vulg.—Culebra café.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 71; Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos.
80, 81, 82, 83, 84, December.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 187
28. Ninia atrata sebee (Duméril et Bibron).
Coluber utratus Hallowel, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1845, p. 245.
Ninia atrata Hallow., var. Sebw, D. & B.—Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1855, p.
382.
Streptophorus Seba Duméril et Bibron, Variété atratus, Hallowel.—Duméril
et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex., III, 1863, p. 548.
Vulg.—Culebra.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 30, 31, 32, 33,
34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, December.
29. Storeria dekayi (Holbrook).
Tropidonotus dekayi Holbrook, N. Am. Herp., IV, 1842, p. 53, pl. XIV.
Storeria dekayi Baird & Girard, N. Am. Rep., I, 1853, p. 135,
Vulg.—Vivora gris.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 63, 64, 65, 66,
67, December.
30. Oxyrhopus cleelia (Daudin).
Coluber clelia Daudin, Hist. Rep., VI, 1803, p. 330, pl. 78.
Oxyrhopus clelia Giinther, Cat. Colubr. Snak., 1858, p. 189.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ?No. 242.
| 31. Conophis pulcher Cope.
Conophis pulcher Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1868, p. 308.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ?No. 246, var.
_ 32. Ophibolus polyzonus Cope.
Lampropeltis polyzonus Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 258.
Ophibolus polyzonus Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1865, p. 197.
Coronella formosa Schl. Jan.
Vulg.—Coralillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Hueytamalco (Teziutlan), Nos. 4, 42, 43, De-
cember.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 3, 7,8, 9, De-
cember; Misantla, Nos. 10,11, 12, 13.—State of Chiapas. ?Nos. 240, 241.
33. Erythrolamprus imperialis (Baird & Girard).
Teniophis imperialis Baird & Girard, U.S. & Mex. Bound. Surv. Zool. Rep.,
Pics, ple LO stot
Erythrolamprus imperialis Cope, Cat. Rep. Mex. and Centr. Am., 1886, MS.
Vulg.—Vivora.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 70, December.
34. Erythrolamprus proterops Cope.
Coniophanes proterops Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 249.
Erythrolamprus proterops Cope, Cat. Rep. Mex. and Centr. Am., 1886, MS.
Vulg.—Culebra rayada.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Hueytamaleo (Teziutlan), No. 55, December.
35. Erythrolamprus fissidens (Giinther).
Coronella fissidens Giinther, Cat. Colubr. Snak., 1858, p. 36.
Lrpthrolamprus fissidens Cope, Cat. Rep. Mex. & Centr. Am., 1886, MS.
Vulg.—Vivora parda.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Arroyo del Potrero, No. 305.
188 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS. iy
36. HErythrolamprus punctigularis Cope.
Coniophanes punctigularis Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1860, p. 248.
Erythrolamprus punctigularis Cope, Cat. Rep. Mex. & Centr. Am., 1886, MS.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? No. 253.
37. Pliocercus elapoides Cope.
Pliocercus elapoides Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1860, p. 253-
Vulg.—Coralillo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Hueytamalco (Teziutlan), No. 41, December.
38. Henicognathus annulatus Duméril et Bibron.
Enicognathus annulatus Duméril et Bibron, Erpét Gén., vii, I, 1854, p. 335.
Vulg.—Coralillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Arroyo del Potrero, No. 304.
39. Henicognathus annulata cyclura, Cope subsp. nov.
Henicognathus annulata cyclura Cope, MS.
Vulg.—Culebra,
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 78, December.
40. Rhadinza decorata (Giinther).
Coronella decorata Giinther, Cat. Colubr. Snak., 1858. p. 35.
Rhadinewa decorata Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1865, p. 197.
Vulg.—Culebra chata.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 72.
41. Chionactis diasii Cope, sp. nov.
Conopsis lineatus Dum. et Boc., Mision Scientif. de Mexique, Reptiles, p. 565,
not Toluca lineata Kenn.
Vulg.—Culebra, vivora parda.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, Nos. 75 type, 76, 292, 293, 294.
[Seales wide, especially on the sides, in seventeen rows. Rostral very
protuberant, rapidly narrowed to an obtuse extremity, considerably vis-
ible from above, but not concave nor entering between the internasals.
The latter, and the prefrontals, are considerably wider than long.
Frontal longer than wide; parietals regularly rounded and not divaricate
behind. Seven superior labials, all higher than long except the first
and seventh, which are subquadrate. Oculars, 1-2; temporals, 1-2-2.
Gastrosteges, 121; anal, 1-1; urosteges, 37. In a second specimen there
are only 35 urosteges. Color brown above, with five indistinct longitu-
dinal bands on the third and fourth, and on the sixth on each side and
on the median line. Below yellow, two brown spots on each gastrostege,
marking thirds of the length. Head and lateral plates unspotted. Nos.
75, 76, 292, 293, 294, collection of the Comision Geogratica, from near
Puebla.
I dedicate this species to Senor Augustine Diaz, C. E., president of
the Comision Geografica Exploradora of Mexico. Science is much in-
|
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 189
debted to M. Diaz for the organization and successful conduct of the
Comision.
This species has been figured and described by M. Bocourt as the
Toluca lineata of Kennicott, from which it differs in various respects,
one of which refers it, in my opinion, to another genus. Besides the
typical species of Chionactis and the C. occipitalis Hallow. from Arizona,
there are two species of Ogmius (Cope) which considerably resemble the
Chionactis diasti. These are the O. varians Jan. and a new species which
| I call O. acutus. Before describing the latter I compare three Mexican
species, as follows:
I. Rostral plate slightly concave above.
Occipital plates divaricate posteriorly; «a dorsal series of spots; 0.
varians Jan.
Il. Rostral plate flat or convex above.
Occipitals rounded without notch behind; five longitudinal bands; ros-
tral less acute; C. diasii Cope.
Occipitals rounded; a series of dorsal transverse spots; rostral acute
angled; O. acutus sp. nov.
The O. acutus was sent to the National Museum, by Sumichrast, from
Tuchitan, on the Pacific side of the isthmus of Tehuantepec. It nearly
resembles the C. diazii in all important respects, but has the rostral
| plate produced to an acute point. The coloration is totally different,
resembling rather the O. varians. It consists in the type specimen of
sixty-one black transverse spots of one scale in length and three to
five scales width, separated by interspaces of a scale and a half in
length. Sides, abdomen, and head, including lips, unspotted. Gastro-
steges, 127; anal, 1-1; urosteges, 32. Total length, 249™™; of tail, 40™;
of head, 10™.—E. D. CoPE.]}
42. Tantilla calamarina Cope.
Tantilla calamarina Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1866, 320.
Vulg.—Culebra.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, No. 49, December.
43. Rhabdosoma semidoliatum Duméril et Bibron.
?habdosoma semidoliatum Duméril et Bibron, Erpét. gén., VII, 1, 1854, p.93,
Vulg.—Culebra, Coralillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Misantla, Nos. 51,52, 53, 54; Jalapa, No.
297.
44. Rhabdosoma longiceps Cope, sp. nov.
Vulg.—Culebra negra.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. S. José Acateno, No. 301 type.
(This snake possesses all the principal characters of the Rh. mutitorques
Cope (Proceedings Amer. Philos. Soc. 1885, p. 385), but differs from the
dozen or so of that species now in my collection by a constantly more
elongate head and scuta, especially the prefrontals and superior labials.
190 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
Scales in seventeen longitudinal rows, the median a little narrowed.
Rostral plate just visible from above. Prefrontals much longer than.
wide, five or six times as large as internasals. Frontal subtriangular, .
wider than long; superciliary not very small. Postocular very small;
temporals very narrow, 1-2. Superior labials six; all except first,
second, and fourth, longer than high; the fifth and sixth twice as long
as high; the first as high as long. Inferior labials seven, fourth largest ;
first of opposite sides well in contact. Postgeneials little different from
adjacent scales, not in contact. Gastrosteges, 173; anal, 1; urosteges,
28. Extremity of tail with acompressed horny cap. Color everywhere
blackish ; some brownish shades on the sides near the head. Free edges
of scuta and scutella, and of lateral scales, lighter. Total length, 445™™;
of tail, 44™"; of head to rictus oris, 10™™.
San José Acateno, Vera Cruz; No. 301.—E. D. Cops. |
45. Adelphicos quadrivirgatus Jan.
Adelphicos quadrivirgatnus Jan, Arch. per la Zool., II, 1862, p. 18; Duméril &
Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex., III, 1883, p. 554, pl. xxxii, fig. 11, 1la, 11),
ie, tid, 1e.
Vulg.—Culebra.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 79, December.
Fam. ELAPID.
46. Elaps nigrocinctus Girard.
Elaps nigrocinctus Girard, U. 8. Wilkes’s Astr. Exp., p. —.
Vulg.—Coralillo.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. (?) Nos. 243, 244.
47. Elaps apiatus, Jan.
Elaps apiatus Jan, Prodr. Ophid., 1859, p. 11, pl. A.
Vulg.—Coralillo:
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 40, December.
48. Elaps bernadi Cope, sp. nov.
Elaps bernadi Cope. (Described on subsequent page of this volume.)
Vulg.—Coralillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. 8S. José Acateno, No. 300.
Fam. CROTALID A.
49. Ophryacus undulatus (Jan).
Atropus undulatus Jan, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1859, p. 157.
Ophryacus uadulatus Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1884, p. —.
Vulg.—Vivora cornuda.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 296.
‘50. Bothrops atrox (Linnieus).
Coluber atrox Linnzus, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 222: I, 1766, p. 383.
Bothrops atrox Wagler, Natiir. Syst., 1830, p. 1174.
Vulg.—Nauyague, Nauyac, Xochinauyague.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. LOL
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 1, 2, 59, 60, 61,
| 62, December; Jalapa, No. 73.
|) 51. Crotalus durissus Linnzeus.
Crotalus durissus Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1766.
Vulg.—Vivora de cascabel.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? No. 239.
52. Crotalus basiliscus Cope.
Caudisona basilisca Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1864, p. 166.
\
Vulg.—Vivora de cascabel, Palancacoatl.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chachapa, No. 290; Puebla, No. 284.
_ 53. Crotalus triseriatus (Wagler).
Uropsophus triseriatus Wagler, Natiir. Syst. Amphib., 1830, p. 176.
Crotalus triseriatus Cope, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., 1884, p. 179.
Vulg.—Vivora de caseabel.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tezuitlan, No. 68, December.
LACERTILIA.
Fam. EUBLEPHARID &.
| 54. Coleonyx elegans Gray.
: Coleonyx elegans Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XVI, 1845, p. 163. Bocourt,
Miss. Scient. Mex., III, 1873, p. 49, pl. X, fig. 7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d.
Vulg.—Lagartija rayada.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 139.
Fam. ANOLID.
55. Anolis nebulosus (Wiegmann).
Dactyloa nebulosa Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 47.
Anolis nebulosus Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex., III, p. 68, pl. XV,
fig. 3.
Vulg.—Lagartija.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tepexi, No. 143, October.
56. Anolis nannodes Cope.
Anolis nannodes Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1864, p. 173. Duméril et Bocourt,
Miss. Scient. Mex., III, p. 71, pl. XV, fig. 5.
Vulg.—Lagartija de cola larga.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 138, December ;
Actopam, Nos. 529, 330, 338, 339.
57. Corythophanes hernandesii (Wiegmann).
Chameleopsis hernandesii Wiegmann, Isis, 1831, p. 298; Herp. Mex., 1834, p.
38, pl. VI.
Corythophanes (Chameleopsis) hernandesti Fitzinger, Syst. Rep., p. 222.
Corythophanes Mexicanus Hernandez, Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex.
1874, p. 122, pl. XVII, fig. 1.
Vulg.—Chupa tabaco.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Misantla, No. 133.
192 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
58. Lzemanctus serratus Cope.
Lemanctus serratus Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1864, p. 176. Duméril et Bocourt,
Comm. Scient. Mex., III, 1874, p. 116.
“ulg.—Chupa tabaco.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Misantla, No. 126; Jicaltepec (Jalapa),
No. 132, December.
59. Lemanctus longipes Wiegmann.
Lemanctus longipes Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 46, t. IV.
Vulg.—Lagartija de cola larga.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Actopam, No. 337.
60. Basiliscus vittatus Wiegmann.
Basiliscus vittatus Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 373; Duméril et Bocourt, Miss.
Scient. Mes., III, p. 129, pl. XVII, fig. 3.
Vulg.—Basilisco.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? No. 267.
61. Iguana tuberculata Laurenti.
Iguana tuberculata Laurenti, Synops. Rep., p. 49.
Vulg.—Iguana real.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Chiantla, No. 272.—State of Vera Cruz.
Vega de Alatorre, No. 353.
62. Ctenosaura teres (Harlan).
Cyclura teres Harlan, Journ. Acad. Phila., 1824, pp. 246, 250, pl. XVI; Wieg-
man, Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 43.
Ctenosaura teres Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex., III, p. 142.
Vulg.—Iguana verde.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Ialtepeec (Izucar de Matamoros), Nos. 286,
364.—State of Vera Cruz. Vega de Alatorre, No. 352; Jicaltepec
(Jalapa), ? No. 130, very young, December.
63. Ctenosaura pectinata (Wiegmann).
Cyclura pectinata Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 42, tab. 2.
Ctenosaura pectinata, Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III, 1874, p. 140.
Vulg.—Iguana.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Izucar de Matamoras, Nos. 320, 363 ¢. Tla-
panala (Izucar de Matamoros), Nos. 188, 189, 190, 191, November.
64. Uta bicarinata (A. Duméril).
Phymatolepis bicarinatus, A. Duméril, Arch. Mus. Paris, VIIT, 1856, p. 549, pl.
XXIII, figs. 2, 2a, 2b; Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III, 1874, p.
165, pl. XVIIbis, figs. 9, 9a, 9b.
Uta bicarinata, Cope, Proc. Acad. Phila., 1864, p. 117.
Vulg.—Lagartija.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tlapanala (Izucar de Matamoros), Nos. 127,
128, November.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 1953
; 65. Sceloporus torquatus formosus (Wiegmann).
Is Sceloporus formosus, Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 50, pl. VII, fig. 2;
Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III, p. 182, pl. XVII, figs. 3, 3a,
3b, 3e.
Sceloporus torquatus formosus, Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1885, p. 402.
Vulg.— Xintete. .
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 354, 355, ? 356, young.
| 66. Sceloporus spinosus Wiegmann.
Sceloporus spinosus, Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 370; Duméril et Bocourt, Miss.
scient. Mex., III, 1874, p. 174.
Vulg.—Lagartija.
| Hab.—State of Puebla. Tlapanalé (Izucar de Matamoros), Nos. 175,
| 176, 177, 178, 179, 180,181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 194, 195, 196,
| 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, November; Tehuacan,
| No. 146, October.
«67. Sceloporus gratiosus Baird & Girard.
Sceloporus graciosus, Baird & Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1852, p. 69; Cope,
Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1885, p. 397.
Sceloporus gracilis, Baird & Girard, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1852, p. 175; Duméril
et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., IIT, 1874, p. 190, pl. XVIII, figs. 4, 4a, 40, 4e.
| 68. Sceloporus grammicus Wiegmann.
Sceloporus grammicus, Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 370; Herp. Mex., 1854, p. 51;
Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III, p. 192, pl. XVIIIbdis, figs.
12, 12a, 12b.
Vulg.—Lagartija.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tlapanala (Izucar de Matamoros), Nos. 151,
152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158.
| 69. Sceloporus microlepidotus Wiegmann.
Sceloporus grammicus, Var « Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 370.
Sceloporus microlepidotus, Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 51; Duméril et
| Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III, 1874, p. 194, pl. XVIIIbis, figs. 13, 18a,
13b, 13¢, 13d.
Vulg.—Lagartija.
_ Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, Nos. 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170,
H171, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220,
| 221, 222, December. Puebla, Nos. 160, 321, 322, 323, 324.
70. Sceloporus eneus Wiegmann.
Sceloporus ewneus, Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 370; Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 52;
Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III, 1874, p. 205, pl. XVIIIbis,
figs. 4, da, 4b.
Vulg.—Lagartija de tierra, Cuije.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tlapanala (Izucar de Matamoros), No. 142,
November. Puebla, No. 311, var. . .
Proc. N. M. 86-——13 September 28, 1886.
194 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
71. Sceloporus scalaris Wiegmann.
Sceloporus scalaris, Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 370; Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 50, pl.
VIII, fig. 2; Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III, p. 202, pl.
XVIIIbis, figs. 9, 9a, 9b.
Vulg.—Lagartija de tierra.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Nos. 312, 313, 314, 315.
72. Sceloporus variabilis Wiegmann.
Sceloporus variabilis, Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 51; Duméril et Bocourt,
Miss. scient. Mex., III, 1874, p. 200, pl. XVIIIbis, figs. 1, la, 1b, pl. XIX,
fig. 2.
‘
Vulg.—Lagartija.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tlapanala (Izucar de Matamoros), No. 129,
November.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 164, Decem-
ber. Jalapa, Nos. 140, 159, 325, 326, 327, 328.
73. Phrynosoma orbiculare (Linnzus).
Lacerta orbicularis, Linneeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1758, p. 206; I, 1766, p. 365.
Phrynosoma orbiculare, Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 367; Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 53,
tab. VIII, fig. 1. ;
Tapaya orbicularis, Hernandez, Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III,
1874, p. 22%, pl. XI, figs. 1, la, b, c,d, €, f, g
Vulg.—Camaleon.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, Nos. 107, 108, 316, 317, 318, 319,
young. Teziutlan, No. 117, December.
74. Phrynosoma asio Cope.
Phrynosoma asio, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1864, p. 178.
Batrachosoma asio, Cope, Duméril et Bocourk, Miss. scient. Mex., III, p.
241, pl. XVII, figs. 9, 9a, 9b, Ye.
Hab.—State of Chiapas, ? No. 266.
75. Phrynosoma cornutum (Harlan).
Agama cornuta, Harlan, Journ. Acad. Philad., 1825, p. 299, pl. 20.
Phrynosoma cornutum, Gray, Griff. A. K., Syn. Rep., IX, 1831, p.45; Dumeéril
et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., III, p. eae pl. XII, figs. 9, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d,
Deno:
Vulg.—Camaleon.
Hab.—State of Chihuahua. Huajuguilla (Jimenez), No. 100, Sep-
tember.
Fam. ANGUID.
76. Barissia imbricata (Wiegmann).
Gerrhonotus imbricatus, Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 381; Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 34,
tab. X, figs. 2, 5.
Barissia imbricata, Gray, Cat. Liz. Brit. Mus., 1845, p. 55.
rerrhonotus (Barissia) imbricatus, Wiegmann, Duméril et Bocourt, Miss.
scient. Mex., 1879, p. 363, pl. XXI B, fies. 1, la, 2, 2a.
_Vulg.—Lagartija, Cuije.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, Nos. 163, 306.
. 80 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 195
bs 77. Gerrhonotus liocephalus Wiegmann.
Gerrhonotus liocephalus, Wiegmann, Isis, 1828, p. 381; Duméril et Bocourt,
Miss. scient. Mex., III, 1878, p. 342, pl. XXI A, figs. 1, 2, 2a.
Vulg.—Lagartija. _ :
Hab.—State of Puebla. Hueytamalco (Teziutlan), Nos. 192, 193,
_ December.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No. 149, Decem-
_ Der.
78. Diploglossus steindachneri Cope.
Diploglossus steindachneri, Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1864, p. 179.
Diploglossus (celestus) steindachneri, Cope; Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient.
Mex., III, p. 383, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.
Vulg.—Eslaboncillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 333, 334, 335.
fam. TED.
79. Cnemidophorus undulatus Wiegmann.
Cnemidophorus undulatus Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., I, 1834, p. 27.
Ameiva undulata Wiegmann, Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex., III, 1874,
p. 254, pl. XXA, fig.-7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, Ze, pl. XXB, fig. 1.
Vulg.—Lagartija.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 134, 135, 136,
December.
|
80. Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Linneeus).
Lacerta 6-lineata Linnzeus, Syst. Nat., I, 1766, p. 364.
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Duméril et Bibron, Herp. gen., V, 1839 (p. 181).
Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex., III, 1874, p. 273, pl. XXC, fig.
11, 1la, 11b, 1le, 11d.
} Vulg.—Lagartija, Cuije.
_ Hab.—sState of pene ene (Izucar de Matamoros), Nos. 223,
| 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, November; Puebla, Nos.
307, 308.
81. Cnemidophorus communis Cope.
| Cnemidophorus communis Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1877 (p. 95); 1879, p. 261.
Vulg.—Lagartija, Cuije.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Tlapanala (Izucar de Matamoros), No. 125,
November; Izucar de Matamoros, Nos. 141, 147.
_ 82. Cnemidophorus costatus Cope.
Vulg.—Cuije.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, Nos. 309, 310,
83. Cnemidophorus guttatus Wiegmann.
|
;
:
|
| Cnemidophorus costatus Cope, Proc. Am. Philos, Soe., 1877, p. 95.
Cnemidophorus guttatus Wiegmann, Herp. Mex., 1834, p. 29. Duméril et Bo-
court, Miss. Scient., Mex., ILI, p. 285, pl. XXC, fig. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d.
Vulg.—Cuije.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 331 var.
196 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS.
84. Cnemidophorus lineatissimus Cope.
Cnemidophorus lineatissimus Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1877, p. 94.
Vulg.—Cuije.
- Hab.~State of Puebla. Chiantla, No. 148 (obsoletus.)
- Fam. SCINCIDA.
85. Oligosoma gemmingeri Cope.
Oligosoma gemmingeri Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1864, p. 180.
Lygosoma (mocoa) Gemmingerii Cope, Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex.,
III, p. 449.
Vulg.—Eslaboncillo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 332, 336.
86. Bumeces furcirostris Cope.
Eumeces furcirostris Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1884, p. 169. (Printed
March 7, 1885.)
Vulg.—Lagartija rayada.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, Nos. 172, 173, 174, December.
Fam. ANELYTROPSID.
87. Anelytropsis papillosus Cope.
Anelytropsis papillosus Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1885, p. 380.
Vulg.—Culebra chica.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 87.
The present form is essentially interesting as introducing for the first
time to the Western continent the family of the Anelytropide, or the
Typhlophthalm lizards with the eye entirely concealed, and with the
tongue scaly. The importance of this discovery is considerable, as it
shows that the scincoid lizards have undergone in the New, World the
same degenerative process as in the Old World, and in the same way.
This is a new fact, even supposing that the Aniellide of America area
degenerate form of the same family, which is not probable. Dr. Bou-
lenger believes* that that family is a degenerate type of the Anguid
stem; a view in which I suspect he is correct. Anelytropsis is a degree
further down in the scale than Aniella, in having the epidermis abso-
lutely continuous over the eye, as in other members of the family of
Anelytropide, and as in the Typhlopid family of snakes. As in other
forms of this character, the life of this type is doubtless subterranean,
which accounts for its having so long escaped observation.—E. D.
COPE, lI. ¢.
* Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1885, p. 121.
|
x Pas:
p 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 197
CHELONIA.
Fam. EMYDID&.
88. Cinosternon leucostomum A. Duméril.
Cinosternon leucostomum Dum., Bib.-A. Duméril, Arch. Mus. Paris, VI, 1852,
Decoo ply OVAL fo eo.
Cinosternon leucostomum A. Dum., Duméril et Bocourt, Miss. scient. Mex., IIT,
1873, p. 25.
Vulg.—Tortuga.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Izucar de Matamoros, No. 285 9 , 2874, De-
cember—Disecados—; Laguna de S. Baltazar (Puebla), Nos. 276°,
2898. State of Chiapas,? Nos. 261, 264. Territory of Baja California?
No. 357.
Fam. CHELONID 2.
89. Chelonia imbricata (Linnzus).
Testudo imbricata Linnieus, Syst. Nat., I, p. 350.
Chelonia imbricata Schweigger, Prodr. Arch. Keenisb., I, pp. 291, 408.
Vulg.—Tortuga de carey.
Hab.—Territory of Baja California. La Paz, Nos. 358, 359.
CROCODILIA.
Fam. CROCODILID&.
90. Crocodilus americanus Schneider.
Crocodilus americanus Schneider, Hist. Amph., fase. 2, 1801 (p. 167). Duméril
et Bocourt, Miss. Scient. Mex., III, 1873, p. 30.
Vulg.—Lagarto.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Vera Cruz, No. 2786, young. Locality?
No. 271, young.
BATRACHIA. .
Fam. RANID A).
91. Rana halecina Kalm.
Rana halecina Kalm, Resa Til Norra Am., III, 1761, (p. 46).
Rana halecina, Linné-Bocchi, Miss. Scievt. Mex., III, II, 1881, p. 10.
Vulg.—Rana.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, Nos. 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124,
342, 345, 346, September.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 351,
Fam. CYSTIGNATHID A.
92. Lithodytes rhodopis Cope.
Lithodytes rhodopis Cope, Proc, Ac. Philad., 1866 (p. 324).
Hylodes rhodopis Cope-Bocchi, Miss. Scient. Mex., ITI, II, 1881, p. 50.
Vulg.—Rana.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, No. 109.—State of Vera Cruz. Ja-
lapa, No. 350.
198 CATALOGUE OF MEXICAN ANIMALS. |
Fam. BUFONIDA.
93. Bufo compactilis Wiegmann.
Bufo compactilis Wiegmann, Isis, 1833, p. 661.
Vulg.—Zapo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, Nos. 340, 341.
94. Bufo intermedius Giinther.
Bufo intermedius Giinther, Cat. Batr. Brit. Mus. (p. 140, pl. [Xa). Bocchi, Miss.
Scient. Mex., III, II, 1882, p. 75.
Vulg.—Zapo.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Izucar de Matamoros, No. 103, November.
95. Bufo cognatus Say.
Bufo cognatus Say, Long’s Exped., II, 1823, p. 190.
Vulg.—Zapo.
Hab.—State of Durango. Villa Lerdo, No. 99, September.
96. Bufo marinus (Linnzus).
Rana marina Linneus, Syst. Nat., 1, 1758, p. 211; I, 1766, p. 356.
Bufo marinus Schneider, Hist. Amph., fase. I, 1801 (p. 219).
Bufo marinus Linné.-Bocchi, Miss. Scient. Mex., IIT, II, 1882, p. 82.
Vulg.—Zapo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), No, 106, December.
From the belly of Sibon annulatum.
97. Bufo valliceps Wiegmann.
Bufo valliceps Wiegmann, Isis, 1833, p. 657.
Vulg.—Zapo.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, Nos. 349, ? 344, young.
98. Bufo canaliferus Cope.
Bufo canaliferus Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc., 1877, p. 85.
Vulg.—Zapo.
Hab.—State of Chiapas. ? , No. 268.
Fam. HYLIDA.
99. Hyla nigropunctata Boulenger.
Hyla nigropunctata Boulenger, Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., 1882, p. 366.
Vulg.—Rana.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Teziutlan, Nos. 104, 105, December.
100. Hyla gracilipes Cope.
Ayla gracilipes Cope, Proc. Acad. Philad., 1865 (p. 194). Bocchi, Miss. Scient.
Mex., III, II, 1881, p. 36.
Vulg.—Ranita.
Hab.—State of Puebla. Puebla, Nos. 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115,
116, 343, 347, 348.
\
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 199
101. Smilisca baudini (Duméril et Bibron).
Hyla baudini Duméril et Bibron, Erp. gen., VIII, 1841, p.566. Bocchi, Miss.
Scient. Mex., ITI, IT, 1881, p. 29, pl. XIV, Age. 4, da, 4b.
Smilisca baudini Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1865 (p. 194).
Vulg.—Rana.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jicaltepec (Jalapa), Nos. 98, 101, 102,
December. ;
Fam. SALAMANDRIDE.
102. Amblystoma tigrinum Green.
Salamandra tigrina Green, Jour. Acad. Philad., V, p. 116.
Amblystoma tigrinum Baird, Jour. Acad. Philad. (2), I, p. 284.
Vulg.—Axolotl, Ajolote.
Hab.—State of Hidalgo. Huasca, ?, No. 274.
103. Spelerpes bellii Gray.
Spelerpes bellii Gray, Cat. Brit. Mus., (p. 46). Boechi, Scient. Mex., ITI, IT, 1883,
p. 110, pl. XX bis, figs. 1, 2, 3.
Vulg.—Tlaconete.
Hab.—State of Vera Cruz. Jalapa, No. 137.
Index to the genera of reptilia and batrachia, with the corr eepondiny numbers of their first
species.
]
Genera. No. | Genera. No.
ING OlpNICOS eas ne oe soca oe eco ee nee e ae He 45 | WT ETNELOATY MS meet recite oe eos ee aaa oee 14
PA OO eet ee a oiercto soa) ta ene tiecine cece 75 | DELL TRETIIOORED 5 Gag AOS DECI DODOGUSCOEHBISOr 10
FAD SLOMAS est ae Reece ne cea cca ee eee OP eEliyil alee ees tae ee eee een ae eeteate 99
BAGTEAUD Meee erates nine n Aciein)aeaee eee cE a LLCS re tee tr Se a tl tte alae 92
PAMO]VtTOPSIS! aceee= steels. sscdoese senses Prem ove ||| Mrtando assesses. Pee oes seein see 61
PAM OMS ase aioe scicishecieeinioniny oS eos annie See DOM WIGACEnt es acon ce eee a neran aaatee cia ceeisaee ae 73
PAOD) UB Rees one ete ae nice ciacins cee e ae err 49 | WtemanCrus nas cdeee scee ee eee erie neeomeniae 58
TESST SNA ee eee Bees aac tniake aja een pete eee eet OM IE GMUD OPES oe (Nn meio ataer eeenine ie sesteiae 32
ASUS COS teenie tines = Sate seine ene ean GON Pee plLoomabhUs) cae sce ee leer easier Pence 4
IBMLTOCKNOSOMG) «(<2 525-5054 5 4=226o5 sre ccis Maa WCPO D is) mecens omeiacee ee Saaaesoae eeieae 12
BOM Cees cone conececoo ce csoteteose names SeiPeathod yteses.-cences- states case seclosne seer 92
SGHTOPS lee sacle se aoe = aise ee faite eee ae SON PE QOsOMa tas esa 4-8 eeese ea s- oer ene 85
Oe anise cin ce Se cite cans cluacceien at hear GS IPNGNIGA suisse access wee cama ememacce eee es 27
COMAUIONG 30-0 somes a. See es Ses SESS Oo POlizasoma) sce 2h ce Sie see: Aas We hie sed eee 85
OMAMAETCOP S18 ee 35) Soe sess cas Vacs sansa Bip | PO PHIDOLUS sees eo tree ne cana emcee eae 32
(Ghelonigyes Uh sscueteeedk ses. yeseeeeet gee 89) Ophnvacnsler: faces Vase sccee eee eee ec waase es 49
SSNIONACTISM =. - cee e'a- ots 2a ee see ewes 415 |G Oxyrhopust=sausscecies occas s sence ecceel 30
@inesternon::).t524).2) 32/22 432 eee Sees SS8a) | PPIIGCELCUS Heater eetiese eee Heese ee eee 37
Cnemidophorug:-.5---see— «sas és UO PPRAMNODRIS moa sa- ae ee Bee eee eae | 22
Woleonyxo = 2b os.k SE LSS ek Ee 3 54 | Phrynosoma-. Bese ee rece 73
Coluber - --.- 15D) | PeAymMatolepise ese soe cceeem cee eeamaae heer 64
Coniophanis 3 Sata dosome s sachet. sate ee eae etecises 43
WMONnONNIS)<oaca55 o~ cece i BLS MRanae -eh ote alah encase eee cowie waeeeiee ecer 91
Goroneliaias. secesee ose Ee 35 || Rhadineza .. 40
Corytophanes:\.2 6.52 ces oyesase ete emsese- 57 | Rhinechis --.- 19
Grocodilag-csasn ses ce a. | tose cee ease eee 90 || Salamandra .. wale 02
WxoOtalus sen oo eo aee see aoe eee eee Di |) Sceloporusec ssc oeescseeeseoe=s ee sean : 65
Wtenosaura l=. 2A-i iso. sete ee OZR Sibont cles sce wen sete eee eee aereeenae 6
CCUM Is cee wield 'ojs,8 oe ae = SEE ee sae | 625 Smaliscatccs ses teees coe ache ec eoaee 101
ELT LOU Re cla ids Soe cine Sore aoe See et ais D0 | PSPELOLDOS see erose eames serrate eee serene 103,
Ii PlOTLOSSUS 4 35_ | SA osc teen eee: 18 ul | SPIOLOS “rac 20e ee bias eae einwe teireates tee =e 16
DIN GHB eRe e Ss ae ae oe eae beh oeean eee ces GUIS tenostomatcence ce ae ae cee ee eeecseemes 1
PNY MOVING 22 2 caw Sees sco te ee ee ee cee 13) ||} Storeria c2ssc8 te sowassoeacae ee ce fece tees s 29
MOTTO NIS Meta os os oso Dae Re eee eee ee TAO WSEreptophoruseocece ccoler cee eeeees cote es 27
MOORES ele ete ooo asco eran wena emineem ceser LON; Nemionhiarss sacs euwasst posses seesede se see 33
PE Seep ee Say | Ty Rena eee came LER E 46 | MBA ELIA ne eae ee a aeicor tes ele ecm me coe 42
PMNICOLNATNUS). 0s cicss a= n-jess sen eeeens see Se 38 || Testudo..--. Breanne aie wie ere sla selects aleiale ain 89
Erythrolamprus Sistas case aslenndercueeeseuts 33 || Trimorphodon......- Roe eectyesienaicesaiae 8
MIME CES Crest cc's = sect eo i eoesmesece bere 5 SG elnopid odapeaR eer eaten ea neee es ces sce 5
EU AM A eee oe eceecee mentee ies oe ce | Bit LrOpid ONOLUS Secs ceo anes coieacn sews <a mais 20
(RENE NONOUEG seas oo cece cece me enoaes Tl || sUropRODhitsieeeee tee tee neecncee spe eeees 53
PLAVSUOPUNYS ac. = 22s Soccesee Reece e woke ee | TOG Oi balee Sees aaa ea aac meme etal cian s’eamalos 64
THE BRITISH MARSH-TIT.
By LEONHARD STEJNEGER. y
Parus palustris dresseri, subsp. nov.
DIAGN.—Similar to typical Parus palustris, but much darker; the
brown of the back more olive, and the rump clearer and lighter buffish
brown; flanks much browner; tail shorter, the longest rectrices aver-
aging 49™™ ; outer pair of rectrices shorter than the rest which are nearly
of equal length.
HABITAT.—Great Britain.
TypE.—U. 8S. National Museum, No. 96550.
It is curious that none of the British Ornithologists have had the
courage to describe this bird under a distinctive name, not even those
who recognize Parus britannicus as a distinct species, since there is no
lack of evidence in the literature that they have been aware of the
difference of the British Marsh-Tit from the Skandinavian and Central
European bird, for which Linnzeus’s name, P. palustris, is properly re-
tained, and most of the modern authors, when speaking of P. palustris
generally, or wnen describing it, have been obliged to qualify their
reference to its occurrence in Great Britain by remarking, that exam-
ples from this island are very much darker than P. palustris vera.
Thus, for instance, Messrs. Dresser and Sharpe (B. of Eur., III, p. 100
seqv.) make several remarks to the same effect: ‘Male from England.
Very much darker than continental specimens, the back especially ; the
rump much paler than the rest of the back, and inclining to rosy white ;
cheeks and center of the body underneath dingy white; the flanks dark
buff, this color also extending on to the abdomen” (p. 100). “ But in a
comparison of specimens care must be taken to have the true Scandinavian
species, and not the somber English subspecies” (p. 105). ‘* Compared with
the true P. palustris of Sweden, our English Marsh-Titmouse is a very much
darker bird, and has the head slightly browner and less glossy. As, how-
ever, thereare many continental specimens which, in their winter dress, ap-
proach British examples, we feel that it would not be advisable to bestow
a specific hame on our insular form, as the distinctions are not so clearly
characterized as in the Coal Titmice. That our island bird, however,
is constantly darker is apparent on comparison of a series of specimens
from Great Britain and the Continent. Mr. R. G. Wardlaw Ramsay
has kindly lent us some Scotch specimens which exactly agree with
English birds” (p. 109) (italics mine). Professor Newton’s remark (Yar-
rell, Brit. Birds, 4 ed., I, p. 497) is much to the same effect, and so are
those of Mr. Seebohm (Brit. B. Eggs, I, pp. 476-477). The latter gen-
tleman thinks that the amount of brown is not sufficiently great to
warrant the separation of the British bird from the Continental one,
notwithstanding the fact that he himself has described as “ variety” P.
200
‘
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 201
japonicus and recognized as deserving of a separate (though varietal
name “forms” like P. brevirostris and P. baicalensis.
From the series which I have before me I see no difference between
the present case and that of P. britannicus, neither in the quality nor
in the quantity of the additional coloring matter in the British forms.
The Coal-Tit is considerably nore bluish in the gray, and consequently
the suffusion of buff in P. britannicus causes the back to look more olive.
Intermediate forms occur in both. Very well! Therefore we give them
trinominals, calling one P. ater britannicus, the other P. palustris dres-
sert. I am quite unable to appreciate the consistency or logic of recog-
- nizing the former and rejecting the latter.
In addition to the difference in color, it appears to me, that P. dresseri
has a shorter tail than true P. palustris, as I have found the longest
tail-feathers in the former averaging 49™™, against 53™™ in the latter,
while the other dimensions seem to be nearly the same.*
*In default of a better place I wish to correct here a quotation in the synonymy of
P. borealis as given by Sharpe and Dresser (B. of Eur., III, p. 107), and by Gadow
(Cat. B. Brit. Mus., VIII, p. 51.) These gentlemen regard ‘‘ Parus fruticeti Wallengr.,
Naumannia, 1854, p. 141,” as a synonym of P. borealis, while in reality Wallengreen
proposed the new name for ‘‘ P. palustris Auctorum,” regarding, as he did, P. borealis
SELYS as a synonym of P. palustris L1IN. We hold that Linnzeus’s diagnosis is equally
applicable to both forms, and that the name, therefore, is to be applied to that one,
to which it was first restricted by Selys Longchamps. P. fruticeti WALLENGR., there-
fore, is a synonym of what we consider P. palustris vera.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Washington, D. C., January 21, 1886.
REPORT ON THE MOLLUSKS COLLECTED BY L. M. TURNER AT
UNGAVA BAY, NORTH LABRADOR, AND FROM THE ADJACENT
ARCTIC SEAS.
By W. Hi. DAL L,
Honorary Curator of Mollusks, U. S. National Museum; Paleontologist, U. S. Geolog-
ical Survey.
The Arctie regions have such a uniform mollusk-fauna, and, especially
in the vicinity of Greenland, have been so often and so thoroughly
searched for mollusks that it was not to be expected that the small col- —
lection which Mr. Turner was able to make should contain anything
new or remarkable. At most, it might afford some interesting facts
bearing on geographical distribution and the special fauna of Labrador. —
My surprise, therefore, was great, when on examining the specimens
in spirits, I found examples of a mollusk not only new to science as a
species, but belonging to a generic group which does not appear to be
known. Moreover, the specimen best developed was over half an inch
in length.
POULMONATA.
Limnea palustris Miiller, var. vahlii, Beck.
Limnaea vahlii (Beck) M@ller, Ind. Moll. Gronl., p. 4, 1842.
Abundant and tolerably uniform; collector’s numbers 4026, 4118, and
4181; Museum numbers 73737.
Collected in small pools and streams on the uplands near Fort Chimo,
June and July, 1883.
Limax (Agriolimax) hyperboreus Westerlund.
Limax hyperboreus Westerlund, Sib. L. & F. W. Moll., p. 121. Binney, Bull.
U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 28, p. 473, fig. 516, 1285.
Not uncommon, also found throughout the Arctic shores of North
America and Eastern Siberia.
Collector’s numbers, 1798, 5859; Museum number, 73738; collected
May 16, 1883, and July 23, 1884, under stones, in moist places, in willow
- thickets, &e., at Fort Chimo, Ungava Bay.
Zonites (Conulus) chersina Say, var. egena, Say.
Helix chersina Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, p. 156, 1821.
Helix egena Say.,1. c., V, p. 120, 1825.
Helix fabricit Beck, Index, p. 21, 18387.
Arctic America and Greenland, Europe, and Siberia. Collector’s num-
ber, 5859, with the preceding species; Museum number 73760.
There is nothing to distinguish these northern specimens of chersina,
var. egena, from those found in similar latitudes in other regions. Z.
fuleus of authors is found varying in a similar manner in Europe where
202
t
.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 203
the analogue of*egena has been called Z. mortoni by Jeffreys. The name
— fabriciti should be dropped, as the Greenland specimens do not differ
_ from those of Alaska or Kamchatka or Labrador, except as individuals
vary among themselves. Were the original application of the name
Julvus entirely free from doubt, it should, of course, take precedence of
chersina. »
Pupa decora Gould.
Pupa decora Gould, Proc. B. S. Nat. Hist., II, 263, 1847, Lake Superior.
Pupa borealis Morelet, J. de Conchyl., VI, p. 9, 1858. Kamchatka, Binney,
I.,¢., p- 189) fie. 189; 1885.
A few specimens clearly referable to this species were obtained with
the two preceding species. Collector’s number, 5859; Museum number,
73739.
This would seem to be distinct from Pupa Hoppti Moller, but I have
not been able to examine specimens of the latter.
PTEROPODA.
Clione limacina Phipps.
Clio limacina Phipps, Voy. N. Pole, app., p. 195, 1774.
Clione borealis Pallas.
Collector’s numbers, 108, 159; Museum number, 73740.
Taken on the voyage to Ungava Bay in north latitude 56°, and west
longitude 60° off the Labrador coast July 138, 1882, swimming at the
surface.
Limacina helicina Phipps.
Clio helicina Phipps, 1. ¢.,.p. 195; Martens, Spitz. English edition, p. 141, t.
Q. fig. e.
Abundant, with the preceding same general region, ten to twenty-
five miles off the Labrador coast, from 6a. m. to 8 p. m., the weather
being cloudy.
Collector’s numbers 99, 102, 106; Museum number, 73741.
MARINE GASTROPODA.
LITORINIDZ:
Litorina gronlandica Mérch.
L. gronlandica (Chemnitz), Mérch, Moll. Gronl., No. 60,1875; Arctic Manual,
p. 126.
L. rudis var. ?
Abundant on the rocks; of various colors, brown, gray, mottled,
banded, and almost white, some of quite large size. Collector’s num-
bers, 90, 110, 149, 156, 246, 231; Museum number, 73742. Labrador’s
reef; rocks near mouth of George’s River, July 31; shores of Ungava
Bay generally; beach at Rigolet July 1, 1882; low water Davis inlet,
July 17; circumpolar.
204 MOLLUSKS FROM NORTH LABRADOR.
AQUILONARIA, n.g.
Shell Lioplaciform, more or less membranous, thin, imperforate. with-
out sculpture, but with a rough, transversely shaggy epidermis. Oper- |
culum subspiral, with a raised subspiral rib on the inner side. Animal
muci like Litorina with entire sole, short and peculiar radula (see de-
scription of the species), tissues soft and very-gelatinous, with a pro-
fusion of tenacious mucus. There is no jaw, the animal is phytopha-
gous. The mantle edge is plain, there are no opercular appendages,
and the females are oviparous.
Aquilonaria Turneri, n.s. Plate III, figs. 1, 2, 3.
Shell globose-conie with five and a half full and rounded whorls reg-
ularly increasing. Shell substance white, extremely thin, and wanting
near the aperture; covered with a thick, shaggy, more or less hairy,
transversely rugose epidermis of a brownish color, of which the outer
and anterior margins of the aperture are chiefly formed. This is tough
and flexible in life, but dries out of shape when desiccated; sutures
with a narrow channel except in the last whorl where the channel
gradually becomes obsolete; last whorl forming more than two-thirds
of the shell; aperture ovate, margin thin, not reflected; columella
smooth, thin, rounding gradually into the anterior margin; inner lip
without callus; base rounded, full, without any trace of an umbilicus.
Operculum thin, brownish, with about three whorls, slightly transversely
undulate and longitudinally finely striate; on the inner side a well-
marked raised rib gyrates with the whorls near their inner edge, but
does not quite reach the anterior margin of the operculum. Jaw none,
radula short (about 4.00"), small, with seven longitudinal and about
fifty transverse rows of teeth. Rhachidian tooth recumbent, broad,
short, with a larger median and two distinct lateral cusps, beside (en
each side) two less evident waves on the cutting edge. First lateral
broader than long, the base with two radiating ridges, the inner one
supporting four distinct cusps, the outer one with its cutting edge
merely obscurely waved; second lateral, narrower, with four strong
cusps; outer lateral slender with a spatulate base and simple recurved
cutting edge. Soft parts very gelatinous and giving out a gelid mucus
very abundantly when the preserved animal was soaked in water for
dissection. Foot short, broad, blunthy rounded behind, in front squar-
ish, the anterior edge bilamellate, the incision triangular with its apex
beneath the muzzle in the median line; the upper surface over this
triangle darkly pigmented, the rest of the outer surface of the animal
rina, eyes large and very black; mantle margin smooth; opercular
waxen white; muzzle short, stout, subeylindrical; tentacles as in Lito-
lobe without appendages; sole without any median division as far as
could be detected. |
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 205
Max. lon. of shell, 14.25; ‘of last whorl, 11.00; of aperture, 7.00; of
operculum, 7.00; max. lat. of shell, 10.00; of aperture, 6.00; of oper-
culum, 5.00 ™™; these are dimensions of the largest specimen.
Habitat.—Labrador’s reef, Ungava Bay; three specimens in the ooze
and slime filling the crevices of the rocks; August 5, 1882, L. M. Tur-
ner. Collector’s number, 238; Museum number, 73743.
Also, Arctic Ocean, north of Bering Strait, in the summer of 1885;
three specimens by Captain Healy, of the U.S. R.S. Corwin; exact local-
ity doubtful.
In the specimen dissected, which was a female, the minute ova were
already formed, the general anatomy recalled that of Litorina; the ali-
mentary canal near its termination and the ovarian canal were nearly
equal in size, the former being much more prominent in /itorina than
the latter. ~The short radula, the sharply-detined spiral keel on the oper-
culum, the form of the teeth, the profuse mucus, the character of the shell
and epidermis, separate this group sufficiently from Litorina, which
seems its nearest ally. It was certainly most unexpected to receive from
the well searched Arctic watersa new form of higher rank than a species,
and still more singuJar was the coincidence by which specimens from
Labrador and Bering Strait came almost simultaneously to hand. The
labels of Captain Healy’s collection having become illegible during trans-
portation, the exact spot north of Bering Strait where his specimens
were collected is uncertain. He dredged at various points from St. Law-
rence island north to Iey Cape on both sides of Bering Strait, but not in
Kotzebue Sound. The area is within that of the purely Arctic fauna, so
the exact spot is of less importance. All the dredgings were in less
than 65 fathoms.
BUCCINIDL.
Chrysodomus spitzbergensis Reeve.
Fusus spitzbergensis Reeve, Last of the Arctic Voy., I, p. 395, pl. 32, fig. 6, a—b,
1855.
Neptunea (Sipho) terebralis Gould, Proc. B. S. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 326, 1860.
Sipho lividus (Morch) Verrill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, p. 238, pl. IX,
: fig. 12.
One imperfect specimen found on the upland near Fort Chimo, Un-
gava Bay, where it had doubtless been carried by the ravens, as is their
wont. Collector’s number, 4441; Museum number, 73744.
The forms indicated by the above synonymy grade into one another
and ina large series cannot be discriminated as valid species. Reeve’s
name has five years’ precedence of that given by Dr. Gould, and accord-
ing to the latter, was partly founded on the same specimen. It is found
from Bering Strait to Spitzbergen, and is rather variable in sculpture
and form even in the same locality.
206 MOLLUSKS FROM NORTH LABRADOR.
? Buccinum plectrum Stimpson.
Some worn but living specimens, collected July 17, 1882, at Davis In-
let, Labrador, may belong to this species or to the next one. Collector’s
number, 111; Museum number, 73745.
Buccinum undatum, L. var undulatum Stm.
Several living specimens found with the preceding. Museum num-
ber, 73746.
Buccinum cyaneum Brugiére.
B. grénlandicum Auct., as of Chemnitz.
One living specimen from Labrador’s reef, Ungava Bay, near Fort
Chimo. Collector’s number, 226; Museum number, 73747.
As Chemnitz’s name was not binomial it cannot properly take prece-
dence of that of Brugiére adopted by Stimpson.
TROCHID A.
Margarita umbilicalis Brod. & Sow.
Two specimens were taken from the stomach of a codfish, caught in
Nakvak Bay or inlet, October, 1883. The locality is about 90 miles
south of Hudson Strait. Collector’s number, 6157; Museum number,
73748. ;
This well-distinguished species is more northern in its southern lim-
its than WM. helicina, and has been taken at Point Barrow, Cumberland
Inlet, Melville Peninsula, and East Greenland; the latter locality from
specimens sent by the second German Polar expedition and catalogued
in their report as Trochus helicinus.
Dr. Paul Fischer rejects the generic name Margarita because it had
been used by its author for the genus Margaritiphora, some years before
it was applied to the present group. While the practice of using a second
time names which have fallen into synonymy cannot be commended, it
does not seem as if it gave sufficient ground for rejecting a name which
has never been adopted in the original sense, and has been used more
than half a century (and of late years universally) for the present group.
Margarita helicina Fabricius.
Common among the ooze in crevices of rocks at the Labrador’s reef.
August 5, 1885. Collector’s number, 233 ; Museum number, 73749.
Universal in the Arctic in proper situations, but extending its range
much further south than the preceding species.
ACMAEID A.
Acmea testudinalis Miiller.
From rocks at Rigolet, Labrador, July 5, 1882, Davis Inlet, July 17,
1882; and dead where dropped by the ravens on the uplands near Fort
Chimo, Ungava Bay, Labrador. Collector’s numbers, 89, 110, 4043;
Museum number, 73750.
Ist6] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 207
This species ranges from the Alaskan coast to the north of Europe,
all around the pole, in suitable localities.
ACEPHALA.
| Mya arenaria Linné.
Rigolet, Labrador. Collector’s number, 89; Museum number, 73751.
| Mya truncata Linné,
Davis Inlet, Labrador. Collector’s number, 110; Museum number,
73752.
Saxicava arctica Linné.
Labrador’s reef, Ungava Bay, near Fort Chimo, August 5, 18865.
Collector’s number, 236; Museum number, 73753.
Dead shells plentiful, but living ones rare.
Cardium ciliatum Fabricius.
Collector’s number, 4044; Museum number, 73754.
Fragments only. These fragments are probably subfossil. They
were taken from the blue clay which forms a deposit about a mile and
a quarter south of Fort Chimo on the river. The spot is known as the
“Loom (or Loam?) Hole,” and is a peculiarly shaped coye, or pocket, in
the river bank.
Macoma tenera Leach, var. gronlandica Beck.
Rigolet, Labrador, July 5, 1885, and Davis Inlet. Collector’s num-
bers, 89, 111; Museum number, 73755.
This with 7. Fabricii and frigida Hanley, inconspicua Brod. & Sow.,
fusca Say, &e., are probably only variations of one type which appears
in Northern Europe under the name of 7. balthica Linné.
Modiolaria levigata Gray.
Plenty on the Labrador’s reef, Ungava Bay, near Fort Chimo, Au
gust 5, 1885. Collector’s number, 230; Museum number, 73756.
Crenella faba Fabricius. ,
With the last common. Collector’s number, 252; Museum number,
T3757.
, This species is curiously local in its range.
Mytilus edulis Linné.
Rigolet, with specimens of Balanus balanoides (L.) Darwin (=ovularis
Gould, Mass. Rep., i842), growing up °n it.
Davis Inlet, Labrador, and Labrador’s reef, mouth of Koksoak River,
Ungava Bay, August 5, 1885. Collector’s numbers, 89, 110, 224; Mu-
seum number, 73758.
208 MOLLUSKS FROM NORTH LABRADOR.
The specimens from the Labrador’s reef are a handsome brown on the ~
sides, and the shell substance of the beaks is white instead of dark —
blue, as in the common specimens.
BRACHIOPODA.
Rhynchonella psittacea Auct.
Found, dropped by the ravens, on the uplands near Fort Chimo, about
100 feet above the sea. Collectors number, 4042; Museum number,
713759.
wa lt lag Ss A
RECAPITULATION.
1. Limneea var. vahlit, Beck. 13. Maryarita wmbilicalis B. & S.
2. Agriolimax hyperboreus, Westerl. 14. Margarita helicina Fabr.
3. Zonites var. egena Say. 15. Aemeea testudinalis Mill.
4. Pupa decora Gould. 16, Mya arenaria L. .
5. Clione limacina Phipps. 17. Mya truncata L.
6. Limacina helicina Phipps. 18. Saxicava arctica L.
7. Litorina var. gronlandica Mke. 19. Cardium ciliatum Fabr.
8. Aquilonaria turneri Dall. 20. Macoma var. grénlandica Beck.
9. Chrysodomus spitzbergensis Rve. 21. Modiolaria levigata Gray.
10. Buccinum plectrum ? Stm. 22. Crenella faba Fabr.
11. Buccinum var. undulatum M6). 23. Mytilus edulis L.
12. Buccinum cyaneum Brug. 24. Rhynchonella psittacea Auct.
Total, four pulmonates, two pteropods, nine marine gastropods, eight
bivalves, and one brachiopod.
r 1886. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 209
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE COM-
MANDER ISLANDS.
No. 6.—REPORT ON BERING ISLAND MOLLUSCA COLLECTED By Mr. NICHOLAS
GREBNITZKI.
By W. H. DALL.
The interesting collection of shells obtained by Dr. Stejneger (these
proceedings Vol. VII, 1884, pp. 340-349) has recently been supplemented
by another made by Mr. Nicholas Grebnitzki, Russian governor of the
Commander Islands, which has been sent to the U. S. National Museum
with the understanding that it was to be reported upon. Though small,
it contains several additions to the first list, some of which are of much
interest, and the enumeration of these gives me an opportunity of incor-
porating some remarks and additional notes on the species collected by
Dr. Stejneger.
Beside the species collected at Bering Island, Mr. Grebnitzki had the
kindness to inelude the following species from Petropavlovsk, Kam-
-chatka, dredged in Avatcha Bay: Acanthodoris pilosa (O. F. Miill.)
Bergh, white and purplish varieties; Lacuna vincta Montagu; Litorina
grandis Middendorff, young specimens; Margarita obscura Couthouy ;
Margarita olivacea Brown and: var. gigantea Leche;. Trophon multicos-
tatus Eschscholtz; and a Bela, closely allied to or identical with B.
turricula.
In order to make the paper more useful I have added the species re-
ferred to Bering Island by Dr. Leche and Mr. C. Aurivillius, in their
publications on the marine acephala and gastropoda of the Vega Expedi-
tion and included in the final list all those collected by Stejneger so as
to make as nearly as possible a complete list of the known marine
mollusk fauna of Bering Island. This adds about eighty per cent. of
species to the original list. I am under the impression that the enumera-
' tion of the land and fresh-water species in the Stejneger report was
sufficiently accurate for all purposes to which it is likely to be applied,
though Dr. Westerlund is unable to accept one of my determinations.
It is possible that I may have been in error as to the identity of H. floc-
- cula Mor. with the immature H. pauper Gld., which should probably be
_ referred to H. ruderata Studer.
List of species.
_ Lestoteuthis fabricii (Licht.) Verrill?
L. fabricii Verrill, N. Am. Ceph., 390, 1881.
?Onychoteuthis kamtschatica Midd., Mal. Ross, II, p. 186, pl. XII, figs. 1-6, 1849.
Young specimens according pretty well with the description of Mid-
- dendorf, but to a cursory examination not showing traces of the large
_ hooks on the clavule of the tentacular arms, were obtained by Greb-
Proc. N. M. 86-——-14 Octtober 11, 1886.
210 MOLLUSCA OF BERING ISLAND.
nitzki on Bering Island. Specimens have been submitted to Professor ,
Verrill who has made a special study of this group and will probably —
be reported upon by him at a later period.
Cylichna propinqua M. Sars.
C. propinqua Dall, Point Barrow shells, p. 526, 1884.
C. reinhardti Moller, Ind. Moll. Grénl., p. 6, 1842 (proparte).
Found in seventy-five fathoms water near Bering Island, by the Vega
Expedition (Aurivillius).
ZHolidia papillosa (L.) Bergh.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
Cadlina pacifica Bergh.
C. pacifica Bergh, Sci. Res. Expl. of Alaska, 176, pl. VII, figs. 19-20; pl. VIII,
figs. 7-18, May, 1879.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki. Unalashka and Shumagin Islands, Dall,
Acanthodoris pilosa (O. F. Miill.) Bergh.
A, pilosa Bergh, l. c., p. 240, pl. X, figs. 12-15; pl. XI, figs. 1-2; pl. XII; pl.
XIII, figs. 2-5, Jan., 1880.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
Siphonaria thersites Carpenter.
S. thersites Cpr., 1864. Aurivillius, ene Exp., IV, p. 374, pl. XII, figs. 19-20;
pl. XIII, fig. 16, 1885.
Shores of Bering Island, Vega Hepeaiinen thence to Puget Sound
via the Aleutians and shores of the mainland, Dall.
Tonicella submarmorea Middendorff.
Chiton submarmoreus Midd., Bull. Petersb. Acad. Sci., IV, No. 8, 1846.
Chiton insignis Reeve, Conch. Icon. Chiton, fig. 148.
Tonicella submarmorea Dall, Sci. Res. Expl. of Alaska, p. 109, pl. I, fig. 7, 1878
Bering Island, Grebnitzki. Japan, Okhotsk Sea, Aleutians, Alaska,
to Washington Territory ; Middendorff and Dall, 1. ¢.
Trachydermon ruber (L.) Carpenter.
T. ruber Dall, 1. ¢., p. 102, pl. I, fig. 3, 1878.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki. Northern seas generally.
Placiphorella stimpsoni Gould.
Chiton (Molpalia) stimpsoni Gld., Proc. B. 8. Nat. Hist., VII, p. 161, 1859; Otia,
p. 118, 1862.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki, five specimens ; Hakodadi Bay, Stimpson.
California (P. velata Cpr.) ?; Chile, Lobos Islands (P. Blainvillit Brod.)?
This species, which is identified from Gould’s type, is especially inter-
esting. It would seem as if its real home was in the Commander and
Aleutian Islands. In 1874 I dredged a single middle valve of large size
in twenty fathoms gravel at the Semidi Islands. This and the Bering
Island specimens are finely grown.
The P. velata Cpr., type of the section, is found at Monterey, Califor-_
nia. The P. Blainvillit Brod. (1832) is reported from the inner Lobos
i
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 211
i
Baland off the Chilian coast. The P. imporcata and sinuata of Carpen-
ter (1865) appear to differ from the others in the fine, close granular
‘scales covering the girdle, and should form a section by themselves,
characterized by that character, by the narrower and higher valves
and less patulous anterior extension of the girdle, apparently from the
dried specimens not papillose below ; aS well as a pronounced sculpture,
absent from all cf the velata type. The latter have broader, flatter
valves, an enormous anterior extension of the girdle, studded with pa-
pillz below and long tubular mail-clad but flexible spines above, and a
series of the latter one opposite each end of each suture in a distinct
pore. The girdle, except for these spines, is naked, and on the valves,
except for rude ridges of growth and obsolete sutural ridges, there is
no pronounced sculpture. For the group typified by P. Blainvillit the
name Placiphorella must be retained, for the P. sinuata group I would
propose the name Osteochiton. As to the species of the Placiphorella
group, when the two incongruous forms are eliminated, we have the P.
Blainvillii, which differs from the northern forms, according to Dr.
Carpenter, by a fewer number of slits in the anterior valve, the P.
stimpsoni of Gould, above mentioned, and the P. velata of Carpenter.
These two are very similar and may require consolidation when a suffi-
cient series of both can be obtained for comparison. :
Leptochiton cancellatus Sowerby.
Chiton cancellatus Sby., Conch. II1., f. 104-5, 1839.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki. Alaska, not north of the Aleutians, Dall;
British seas, Norway, &c.
Acmea testudinalis patina (Eschscholtz) Dall.
A, testudinalis (L.), var. patina Dall, Sci. Res. Exp]. Alaska, p. 122, Dec., 1878.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki; and Vega Expedition, Aurivillius.
These specimens are nearer the typical patina than to the typical
testudinalis.
Acmea pelta Eschscholtz.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
Velutina cryptospira Middendorff.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
Litorina sitkana Philippi.
L. tenebrosa Mont., var. costulata (Midd.), Aurivillius, Vega Expl., IV, 325, pl.
12, fig. 6, 1885.
Bering Island, Vega Expedition.
Litorina sitkana, var. atkana, Dall.
L. tenebrosa Mont., var. obtusatewa (Midd.), Aurivillius, Vega Exp.,].c¢., p. 325,
pl. 12, figs. 4, 5, 1885.
Bering Island, Aurivillius.
Sa"
Pray
212 MOLLUSCA OF BERING ISLAND.
This fine, large form, which, from its colossal size at Atka Island and
Kyska, I have distributed for ten years under the name above given, is, —
to my mind, closely related to sitkana, from which it differs in its larger
size, smooth surface, and tendency to spiral bands of white and dark-
_ brown. Until the whole group can be carefully studied and dissected,
it would be foolish to be dogmatic in opinion about them, but I have
not been able from a study of about a bushel of the shells merely, to
indentify this form with tenebrosa, or find any special likeness in it to
obtusata.
LACUNA.
Lacuna vincta Montagu.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
Subgenus HALOCONCHA.
Lacunella Dall, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VII, p. 344, 1884. Not of Deshayes.
_ Lacunaria Dall, in errata, 1.¢.,p. viii. Not of Conrad. .
The writer having examined the last nomenclator and finding no
mention of Lacunella, and totally forgetting Deshayes’s use of the name,
was+ careless enough to look no further, and his erratum, prepared at —
the * t moment and without time for an exhaustive search, was as —
unfortunate as his first venture. The present name is substituted with —
some apprehension, but not until after a careful and thorough search. —
Natica clausa Broderip and Sowerby.
Bering Island, Vega Expedition.
Aurivillius makes this =. grénlandica (Beck) Moller, though he —
gives MOller’s species subsequently, and speaks of it as having a horny
operculum. The first mention probably should be septentrionalis (Beck) —
Moller, which is identical with clausa, but applied thirteen years later. 4
Turritella (Tachyrhynchus) erosa Couthouy.
T. erosa (Couthouy) Aurivillius, 1. ¢., p. 322, pl. 12, fig. 75 pl. 13, fig. 17. ;
T. polaris Beck, Méller. Index, Moll. Grénl., 1842. ;
Bering Island, dredged in 65 fathoms, Vega Expedition. }
This species, common to the Arctic seas, is very much larger in the
Arctic Ocean than in the Aleutians or on the New England coast.
Cerithiopsis stejnegeri Dall.
Bering Island, one fine specimen, Grebnitzki.
Tritonium oregonense Redfield.
Triton oregonense Redfield, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., IV, p. 165, pl. XI, figs. 2a,
2b (immature), 1846 (Str. of Fuca). Gould, Expl. Exp., Sheils, p. 241, 1852.
Fusus oregonensis ‘‘ Say” Reeve. Conch. Icon., IV, Mon. Fusus, figs. 6la—b, 1848
(North America).
Tritonium cancellatum Midd., Mal, Ros,, II, 165, pl, III, figs. 1-4, 1849. Not of
Lamarck,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 213
Trilonium (Lagena) oregonense H. & A. Ad., Gen. Rec. Moll., I, p. 104, 185s.
- Priene oregonensis A. Ad., Journ. Lin. Soc., VII, 106, 1864. Cpr., Rep. Br. As.,
1863, pp. 597, 661, &e.
Tritonium cancellatum Schrenck, Amurl. Moll., p, 431, 1867. Not of Lamarck
(Hakodadi Bay).
Tritoniwm oregonense Lischke, Jap. Meer. Conch., II, p. 166, 1871; III, p. 31, 1874.
Dunker, Ind. Moll. Jap., p. 30, 1582.
Priene cancellata Tryon (pars), Man., III, pp. 33, 34, pl. XVI, figs. 165-167, 1880.
Tritoniwm cancellatum Aurivillius, Ween Exp., Vet. Arb., IV, p. 346, pl. XIII,
fig. 8 (dentition), 1885.
Monterey, California, northward to the Aleutians, Dall; Bering Is-
Jand, 5-10 fms. hard bottom, Vega Expedition, one specimen; Kam-
vhatka, Dall; Kurile Islands; Okhotsk Sea and Japan, Middendorff,
Schrenck, INGE and Stimpson.
With but one specimen of this shell it was not remarkable that Mr.
Aurivillius should fall into line with several older naturalists who have
asserted the identity of the Alaskan shell with that from Patagonia,
although Reeve, Gould, Arthur Adams, Carpenter, Lischke, Dunker,
and its describer have pointed out the distinctions between them in
various publications. But from the first there has been an amount of
blundering in regard to the habitat of the few shells related to this
species which seems surprising. * i
Chemnitz correctly figured and described the Patagonian shell from
his own cabinet and assigned it a proper habitat. Were he consistently
as binomial throughout as he is in this instance his specific name should
stand. Lamarck followed, and the first to blunder was Reeve, who fig:
ured thesouthern shell and assigned it an Alaskan habitat while figuring
the real but immature Alaskan shell on the same plate and merely as-
signing it to “ North America.” This led others into error. Carpenter,
in his first (but not his second) report to the British Association, assigns
both cancellatum and scaber (King) to the Arctic, an error which he re-
alized later. Tryon, in his latest manual, has followed this account,
and, although referring to Gould’s figures of the Patagonian living ani-
mal taken on the spot by Couthouy, queries its southern distribution.
It would seem, since he gives no figure of the adult oregonense, that
his material was insufficient to come to a decision upon.
One reason why so much confusion has prevailed is perhaps that the
—oregonense, while a very common shell from Monterey, Cal., to the Aleuti-
* To make the matter clearer the synonymy of the Patagonian species is “appended:
Tritonium cancellatum Lamarck.
Murex magellanicus Chemnitz, Conchyl. Cab., X, p. 275, tab. 164, fig. 1570,
1788 (Magellan Strait).
Triton cancellatum Lamarck, An. S. Vert., ed. 1, VII, p. 187, 1822; ed. 2,
Deshayes, IX, p. 638, 1843 (S. America).
Fusus cancellatus Reeve, Conch. Icon., 1V, Mon. Fusus, fig. 62 (only), 1848
(Unalashka, Kamchatka)!
Priene cancellatus A. Adams, Journ. Lin. Soc., VII, p. 106, 1864 (Patagonia).
Priene cancellata Tryon (pars), Man., III, p. 34, pl. 16, fig. 164 (only).
214 MOLLUSCA OF BERING ISLAND.
ans, is almost always broken, defaced, truncated, and unpleasing by the-
time the waves have cast it on the beach. The shell is so thin and the.
epidermis so strong that the young shells in drying always break; I have —
seen many hundreds but never one adult with the apex complete. The-
epidermis is also much more fugitive than in the southern form and
rarely covers the shell, or, when it does, it comes off as soon as the shell _
is dried for the cabinet. The fry has a pretty horn-colored shell, with
revolving keels like a Torellia; the young animal much resembles a
pteropod, has two ciliated, wing like, lateral flaps with whicl it pro-
gresses and 1s brilliantly colored with metallic grass-green. I have
taken it in the tow-net far from land, which may account for its wide
distribution. The adult animal is pinkish flesh-color more or less mot-
tled with slaty or purple streaks in great variety; the foot is short for
the size of the animal, the nucleus of the concentric operculum is not
terminal but just within the margin on one side of the longer axis of
it, as in some (but not most) buccinums. _
The adult shell is more turreted, has deeper channels and coarser
sculpture than the cancellatum; the epidermis is longer, thicker, and
coarser; the transverse riblets in the young are 12-135 to the whorl, in
the adult, 19-21; in cancellatum the adult has 34-38 of them and they
extend more distinctly over the periphery ; in oregonense the sutures are
deeper, there is a flattened space on the whorl just in front of them, the
whorls do not increase in such rapid proportion, and the mouth of the
shell is shorter in proportion to the whole length than in cancellatum.
The varices in the latter are less numerous, less constant, and less raised
above the ordinary riblets than in oregonense. I have probably exam-
ined in the field more specimens of oregonense than all other naturalists_
put together have ever seen. Inthe National Museum is a good series
of it and of the true cancellatum from Patagonia, the latter brought back
by the Wilkes exploring expedition. With this material I have no
hesitation in declaring, in common with Gould, Carpenter, A. Adams,
Lischke, and Dunker, the distinctness of the two species. It should also
be remembered that the most adjacent extremes of their distribution
are separated by some thousands of miles. I have no confidence in any
reported occurrence of cancellatum in Japan, the statement being doubt-
less due to an erroneous identification, or an error in labelling. . Peru
is the furthest north that I have heard claimed for cancellatum, and this
with much doubt; oregonense is not known south of San Diego, Cal.,
if it even reaches so far, as it has never yet been reported south of
Santa Barbara.
Trichotropis insignis Middendorff.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
This species is extremely variable in form and sculpture. T. solida
Aurivillius presents some resemblance to certain of these varieties, |
with which it should be compared, though their identity cannot be as-
sumed,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 215
Margarita helicina Fabricius.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
Margarita varicosa Mighels. ;
Bering Island, one specimen dredged at 65 fathoms by the Vega Ex-
pedition.
Margarita vorticifera Dall.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
Purpura lima Martyn.
P. Freycinetii Deshayes, 1839, Aurivillius, 1. ¢., p. 334, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2, 1885.
Bering Island, collected by the Vega Expedition.
. This species differs from P. lapillus of all varieties in never having a
toothed aperture. The real analogue of P. lapillus on the northwest
coast, paradoxical as the statement may at first appear, is P. crispata
and not P. lima.
Strombella callorhina Dall, var. stejnegeri Dall.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki; dredged in 5-10 fathoms at Bering Island
by the Vega Expedition.
The specimens sent by Mr. Grebnitzki were rude and worn, though
living; from most of them the delicate striation was nearly all worn
away, and the strength and sharpness of the transverse ribbing was
very variable.
Chrysodomus (Tritonofusus) kroyeri Mdller.
Fusus arcticus Philippi.
Fusus cretaceus Reeve (when dead and chalky).
Bering Island, 75 fathoms, dredged by the Vega Expedition.
Chrysodomus spitzbergensis Reeve.
Fusus terebralis Gould.
Sipho lividus Morch.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki, one very young specimen. An adult was
collected by Stejneger.
Columbella (Astyris) rosacea Gould.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
Volutharpa ampullacea Middendorff.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki. Several specimens had no operculum and
only traces of the opercular gland.
Buccinum tenue (Gray) Stimpson.
Bering Island, dredged in 65 fathoms by the Vega Expedition. The
var. elatior Midd. was obtained in 75 fathoms.
Buccinum cyaneum Brugiére, var. morchianum Fischer.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki; Vega Expedition, dredged in five to ten
fathoms on hard stony bottom.
916 MOLLUSCA OF BERING ISLAND.
Buccinum percrassum Dall.
Cf. Kobelt, Mon. Buc., Mart. und Chemn. neueste Ausg.
Two specimens of this form, whose nearest relative is B. polare
(though at first sight it looks much more like B. cyaneum) were discov-
ered among some B. cyaneum, var. mérchianum, collected by Stejneger,
too late to insert in my preceding paper on Bering Island mollusks.
The soft parts had not been observed before. The shell ‘is thick, like
the Arctic form figured by Dr. Kobelt from photographs of my type, but
smaller and much darker colored. The operculum is disproportion-
ately large for a Buecinum, nearly filling the aperture, and making a
striking contrast with that of B. mérchianum, which is always minute
and much of the time absent entirely. .
Pleurotoma beringi Aurivillius.
P. beringi Aurivillius, Vega Exp., 1. ¢., p. 354, t. 13, fig. 3, 1885.
Bering Island, Vega Expedition, dredged in 75 fathoms, sand, one
specimen ; several others were obtained between that and St. Lawrence
Island in 55 fathoms, sand. This is a very interesting and characteristie
species somewhat resembling a dextral P. vinosa.
Bela violacea Mighels and Adams.
Pleurotoma violacea Migh. & Ad., Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist. Proc. I, p. 50, 1841.
Bost Journ. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 51, pl. IV, fig. 21, 1842. Verrill, Conn.
Acad. Trans., V, 482, 1882. Not of Aurivillius, 1. ¢., p. 348, 1885.
Bering Island, Grebnitski.
Prof. Verrill regards this form as a variety.of the previously described
Pleurotoma bicarinata Couthouy (1839). It has many other synonyms,
but I cannot agree that it is‘nearly related to simplex Midd., arctica A.
Adams, gigas Verkruzen, ete., as supposed by Mr. Aurivillius. It may
be, however, that he is not acquainted with the genuine.violacea and so
has been misled by specimens incorrectly labelled.
Saxicava rugosa Linné.
S. pholadis Leche, Vega Exp., ]. ¢., III, p. 440, 1883.
Shores of Bering Island, Vega Expedition.
Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) pectinata Cpr., var beringensis Leche.
Necra behringensis Leche, |. ¢., p. 438, pl. 32, figs. 1, 2, 1883.
Bering Island, dredged on a sandy bottom at the depth of 65 fathoms
by the Vega Expedition. Port Etches, 15 fathoms mud, and elsewhere
in Alaska in about the same latitude, Dall.
Tapes staminea Conrad.
Venerupis petttii Deshayes, Midd. and Leche, I. ¢., p. 440, 1888.
Tapes diversus Sowerby fide Dunker.
Shore at Bering Island, Vega Expedition.
Modiolaria levigata Gray?
M. levis Beck, Leche, 1. ¢c., p. 450, pl. 34, figs. 29,30, 1883.
Shore at Bering Island, Vega Expedition.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 217
The two forms figured by Leche as levigata and levis certainly exist;
but the differences betf’een them are such as ordinarily characterize
the sexes in dicecious acephala, and I have always so referred them.
Further investigation may be needed to settle this.
Pecten (Propeamusium) alaskensis Dall?
Pecten Hoskynsi Forbes, var. major Leche, 1. ¢., p. 452, 1883.
Near Bering Island in 75 fathoms, Vega Expedition.
In a study of the deep-sea pectens of this group, in connection with
the Pectinidz of the Blake dredgings, I have determined that the gen-
uine Pecten hoskynsi is not an Arctic species; the shells called Hoskynst
by Jeffreys and others from Arctic Norway, &e., are P. pustulosus Ver-
rill, which has no internal ribs; from Alaskan waters and the adjacent
Arctic seas the only pecten yet found belonging to this group is the 7.
alaskensis Dall (1871), which has many more internal ribs than the At-
lantic forms and was pronounced distinet by Jeffreys. It is probable
that this is what Dr. Leche refers to, because it is not rare in the region
and might be expected to occur there. Still in the absence of figures
or specimens I do not feel like expressing a dogmatic opinion in regard
to it.
Placunanomia macroschisma Deshayes.
Bering Island, Grebnitzki.
This completes the list of additions and the following table will sum
up the total mollusk-fauna, giving at one glance the known species, the
collectors, and something of the range of the forms referred to:
FAUNAL SUMMARY.
Collected by— | Range.
|
mdpe pias Sabra Cee Aare : OMe SEE,
oa ; | 3 Wineries
Species of Commander Islands. & S a | 3 | 2 3
6 | | oo . S .
Deh Mereete Ay Eel ral reg aloe a |) Puente anes
fact = | & Be ee ES =
oe z o a Memes = =
Hees lees dan sol ites | Silat colonials
| | |
Mer OTA PULLS ETP TTL R ha tee eee care ane ay eet aia lete a reve= CN Nt Ya (ey etcten an terete fay lla eel eeea- x Oe \eaeeie
Hostoronbhisitabriciin (@)\osese ees emer aeereiee cree ein el le cine Daal eee Werte ae sesh lh 2 2a | es ss | ee
Gylichnanpropinguassss cee eee eee ee ne aw ac eae pee =e Sey Pemens jens x eee
BPH) ONL CL TET) DULL OS Soe arate ee tera eer cence ia x Sei ll claret eae | eae eee | Xe eects
Wadiinampaciticane ses es same team ere seeiele erate esc lolwine ee Race Snes Ifa etettateliatere ate |fotateravers SOM ee
PXCANEN OC OUISHPUOS Ae. sei aoe ceria cei) = apc ea elie) al etsiccate= a eer sell erates [eemeeere Xie wie Jeseer
Limax (Agriolimax) hyperboreus.....-...---.----- Se ferterstel un eee Nee x nt eters
AVEDA XALIS ee Poon oe arama alee eelse) ein o-c\eynicie lela) SN eee Selma [ence x Reames:
ryan aera Utes cena erie eens ciss ea ajee = SCN ateeanrs lll creeers aie neers as Se ae arr
Conunlusi falvwusiwan soles: hcl Seesaw ee se Seanad ectate oe x x x x x | pte
Patula ruderata var. pauper-.----...-.---.-------- ewe ier eats oes OES RE ece reli eet nets [ees
Pupilladecoraand arcticajsssessg-ss252=-255- == an1 at Pasens Sir di es at x x xs | eee
AGIA OV ALA <ceo wero cna bs caaweae metas cinemee abies oi|ieseicc Sn tatettess Hi cea) bs es x [bese
imma NuMis oes. 2-5 os gs eee cee ace aioe Soe |(eseralisi: Seer eases Ihe (2) ee Sees sees ae
Siphonaria thersites ..........-2.----:.- settee at at eal Seles See. ee eee A are pate ase
Mrachyradsin aleutica» 2 0) SEE ee kos. ee yee oss }ea oes |igz dere [posses eabose peg b seuees
SROMCSUA ATM ONGR 5). econ econ ooiae se es aniae Sem erent x x x ens | oe
Ronicellaisu bmakmoresiec. sc ewes e ee shes eee = al teeiiae xe alsa ease x x, Sg ete
EDL ACH VOLO DUDE iss on soon eee en ee carers woecee eee er e x Sn gees
Nenizoplax brandi. 63s. SIS eset Kip asese saeeeslSsce. % Pieee oes 26) bi bntcretape
entochitonicancellatns ween cee meee otto eee eo aa Sessa Sele ie esenes [ere eee HR te CO Re eee tae
Pliciphorellastimpsonie. 4 csc cecee ecenne e eee ase |keeee xh Pilea WES S% 9 eee eee SSA 2 ees | (9)
Crrptochitonmstellericca-msesnceds aes lessees uce se S| Sere al eats Wht saa dabei x m8 US
Acmn #2 testudinalis patina. :-2 220.202.6222 6. -sc0s|-cnce- Kiadee ceileoees (pea x Sones
ATG MA DEl tare els eee ee acme eee Wee maracas tein © x ieee lewereine lomee HolSeereece Sou Bil /puae
/
218 MOLLUSCA OF BERING ISLAND.
FAUNAL SUMMARY—Continued.
— — ee
Collected by— | Range.
2 ; a 2
Species of Commander Islands. FS = a cs é 3
Sy Hh ge Pasties a S a
® g q 9 = = °
a 2 Ss | ss g ~ 5 -
on 2 Ee 7 = y Y 3
2 os ECan hates zs
na o e 5 = <r) 3D
Velutina cryptospira .-....---------------- -.-----|------ ee Senet eee %) Seseue
IPiWisens COMMOGUS =. a= on-site eels eee alee re RN eect a teeta atm ttl x xy leeesee
Crepidula grandis.......------------.------+-+++---- X) |wesim| [oe =n x x x XM ulseee cc
Thitorina sitkana --... 2.22 .--- 22 = sen ne een nene a= XK) Pil Salat in.n\llaimataia= x ete x x
Litorina var. subtenebrosa.--..------.-------------|------|------ x x x x SO HEo eS
Litorina var. atkana.-....--------------------------|-20---|------ xX |-e--e- este eer SCR | eerie
veans, Vincta:-/.--5 2-2 senses Aap ete stone stemrate x SGU ater anets x x st Fill eps x
Haljconchs Tekexa: <a oo so oe te a= een X |eeseen [ee ee |----2-|---20+|------ | oceet eer
Watica Clause A2.5-- beicmccin we elena ov ncccm alae cme mimei||-9\nim = =| ae = x x x x | X lessees
PIN atest TOK SSM fe tae eet ctor oie mela eet eat te er De eetetaters | itetatet Jeerees Al fetes x Peers
MachyrhynChwseOrOse ose eas asa e asic niet imine in Jreecee[oseeee x x x a bless
ETICHOLLOPIS INS) PMIAe] one eee eee = eee ee x DC etartereteyl aeicnet SS) ||boaas oleleneeee
TTEPItONINM) OLOLONONKE 22-2 see nine sie mmr ace em lela |e mel ble x x ae cee | x x
Ceuthiopsis steynerent-..--.--s52s4- eae eo eee x Meal eects We wee celta eece meses x (EE
Margarita Nelicing 62) <2. <mietemeiass = eee eae ee x glk | = ietetatet x x Xi oleh obheeeeis
Marcarita Vorticitera 2 = see sss ames eee erieleimietaiele fee a eet tee monies x Meat Sen eee
Margarita varicosa........-.--.--- Bt en ertae tice co docc a oen tae Ocha estetete x x x04 | geese
SEO LTT tee sia ee Bee ee oe mele eas yee meantatate te eier alata [eeimrstat S| erat x x x es x x
(rophonyGron Catusyese ee. aeeeS eee eee eae Uf |Peeeee earl eet ee Poe leks Sen oe ee
Strombellavar- stejneceriewce as ---cuescese ae ceees ae tae x Xi SO ee sacs My eeeeeis hemes
Tritonofusus Kroyeri .-..-----..- See eee eee fee etter SH pees x $0) ales Bes
Ghrysodomus liratus=.o.s<sc2 o- <2. - See see eases Solel [emer Secret mM) ise mo teacate
Chrysodomus spitzbergensis Rete ciate ely OREM HU Remorse eter x x Seas
WVolutharpaampullaces:-.cc6e cee vsssen cess cee eeelowesec|)) 2 | lemeete SO il Daan x lessee
PA'S GY TIS ROSACEA Rec ee ei ee eee cima slate einen stoln ele telel| = cimla/ ata | unl wail Sine meena ieee tt) aes Koos - aac
IBUCCIR EMERG yee aea ee ems acaeens = ek ciegincie eS 3 aS oe leneetee x MESS 23
Buccinum var; morebianum. .. 222-25. 2-se-e-cce: Sil eeetesel SN ee %, Gloster
IBaccinun PererassUmle= se. .2e aoe 4-- oe anes ences fell Socata eet eee ee loeeeto Heb sc ee eae Wes bots
Pleurotoma( Bela) violacea: : a= 2 ss----6226 4052 see5|-so5-- S| arene eel alee x % 9 See
IR[6urotoMaA WEL Cl. se oce ca cne see occ ese eee es| cecaiae| Hema Kelsaaees lwaeaaeleeces (HESS Ze
IPholas crispatees sarin sckse cet es eiccie os sen/ee eee a ie at ees mio eel eaters laseadellbeecine x
Nol adid ew ponibwers sae ess Lee enc eet eee eee eels toe: Bere se EES OECIE Fae bene Ee x
DARI CAVA ORR ean aoceenc eee eereiies scenes Xi. lease x x x x x x
MivaronunGdutern | a) wove cn cence eos cet senine censor x Weekes leceeeell eames x x x ESaeS.
Cnspidariggvar-sperim SOnsisec ss case esee seni seee) == os meester XP, acewe fear tiere aes Sri esos
Siligua pata -s20cc--losccs seca escmeiccee ese i ll erisee|| em cercelese ae Xe sees se) etl eae
Mactra falcata taco. csccscecceseacesceceeeseeeacs=s X ||| ae cesiases dal seas [beens x Sends emiee
Macoma middendoriii: «<2 -2 scccesc ss -esaae sees Sl peers | Sessile = ol acetate leat Sei eee
Mapesistaminenice.cacccecteceeees cot ees seein eee Spliontoete x x SC hee x x
Cardinm eTonlandicum |= 2 o.-<c acces cose eee eaeee Si leeeeine [pastes ail aoe x a see | Cee oe
Candinm\blandums: a5. 2 bccee en ge sso ce anaes ceiac Mrglicoton| Ges aaseee |) cic alle eee oe Seee ee
Pisidinm sequilaterales-..ssscaseeaaacies -cosceeccess M4 || chorea eterna Catt = epee eter eter 5 yileeretes
Modiolaria: discors to... 522gesce. oe cee cesses eise ss x | -Srelgs| Sasser x x i | saSeveu | eee
Modiolaria sy gata (Waris) scseee seca oe ce sce see alec ckoc |e sear Bch Seen x x dP escrito
Moadiola mGdiGlug)=.. sassccsere eee sees see eee eee x lseeceleeesoe x x x x x
Mibilosednhis ee sos. sso see ee chs sect eee ees wowed Si eee eee x x x x x
Peeten \(}) alaskensis seeks eck otaceee ce cate caleawecs| eset x2 |ncived| Paces eee cueral COR! wl eters
Placnnanomia macroschisma:. == scla.2--ce-<=-0= <5 cec ce = x Aleeeee x Uy eeeersss x x
Motal, #4 spodina (ces eee eee ee: 45 | 23 | 25 | 28 | 44 | 41 | 63 | 17
There is doubtless quite a number of species which would be revealed
by dredging, which is a difficult task in such seas for persons whose
busy time is precisely that season of the year when dredging can best
be done. Itis probable, however, that the additions thus made would,
like the eighty per cent. of additions now chronicled, only confirm the
remarks with which my report closed (1. ¢., p. 349).
“These figures show that the fauna of the Commander Islands, as
far as known, is intimately related to the general Arctic fauna, and
especially to the Aleutian fauna, somewhat less so to the Kamchatka
fauna, but presents in itself nothing distinctive. While the faunal as-
pect of the mollusca is boreal, there is a number greater than might be
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 219
expected of species common to Japan and California, of which the two
Pholads are the most noteworthy, as they have not yet been indicated
from the Aleutian Islands, though it seems hardly possible if found liv-
ing at the one locality that they can be absent from the other.”
Noting that the connection with Japan is rather that the northern
forms extend southward co Japan than that any characteristic Japanese
forms extend north, the final paragraph still remains unshaken.
“The collection, though small, is valuable as closing a gap in our
knowledge of the geographical distribution of the mollusea of the North
Pacific, and the slight but still interesting confirmatory zoological evi-
dence which it adds to the hydrographic determinations which have
shown that the main current of the sea between Kamchatka and the
Aleutian chain is a cold set of Arctic water southward, and that no
perceptible warm northward tropical stream or branch of the Kuro
Siwo can be traced zoologically or hydrographically in this direction.”
It is probable that Mr. Grebnitzki sent those forms which he believed
not to have been represented in Dr. Stejneger’s collection rather than
a complete series, and that he has actually a series nearly as full as
that enumerated here from all sources.
NotTE.—Since the above was written I have examined the Gould col-
lection now in the State cabinet at Albany, N.Y. This has experienced
some vicissitudes, which may account for the fact that the shell now
standing for the type of Conulus pupulus is not a Conulus at all, but the
young of a conical flattened Japanese Hyalina (?) of a group entirely
foreign to the Kamchatkan region. The H. pauper of Gould is the shell
I have regarded as the adult H. floccula Mor., and which Dr. Wester-
lund perhaps correctly refers to a variety of H. ruderata Studer. I
may add that to the preceding list should be added the Acanthinula
harpa Say, collected at Bering Island by the Vega, on the authority of
Dr. Westerlund, but not found by Grebnitzki or Stejneger.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF A NEW SPECIES OF RHINOPTERA (R.
ENCENADA)) IN TODOS SANTOS BAY, LOWER CALIFORNIA.
By ROSA SMITH.
Tn the year 1882, Miss Fanny E. Fish, then residing near Encenada,
Lower California, found, on the beach near that place, one jaw of hex-
agonal teeth which evidently belong to a species of Rhinoptera. The
teeth were sent to me for identification and have now been presented
by me to the U. 8. National Museum.
It is a lower jaw and has fourteen series of hexangular teeth, the sin-
istral outer row nearly twice as broad as the narrowest inner series, the
dextral outer series a little broader, just equaling two of the narrowest |
series and one and a half times broader than long. The teeth of the
two sides of the jaw differ from each other. Inside the sinistral outer
series are four rows of smaller teeth, as broad as long, nearly uniform in
shape and size, the width of the four rows collectively equaling one
and two-fifths times the width of the series of the broad teeth just inside
them; the teeth in this row are the broadest of the jaw and about twice
as broad as long. The seventh sinistral series has teeth that are some-
what enlarged, two-thirds the diameter of the sixth and widest series
just described, scarcely broader than long. Inside the dextral outer
row are two rows of enlarged teeth, slightly larger than the seventh
sinistral series ; immediately inside these are three rows of narrow teeth,
similar to the four rows of small teeth next the sinistral marginal row ;
the seventh dextra] row and the central series contain small teeth that
coalesce into a single row a little back of the center of the jaw. The
jaw anteriorly has fifteen series of teeth, and posteriorly only fourteen,
by the coalescence of the teeth of the central and seventh dextral series,
as above stated.
The jaw is weather-worn, and has lost a few of the teeth, including
both.its front and back margins.
This jaw can only belong to a species of Rhinoptera, and among the
described species the only one which closely approaches it is Rhinop-
tera polyodon Giinther, based on a pair of jaws of unknown origin.
From the latter it differs in being somewhat unsymmetrical, the broad-
est series of teeth being the sixth (from one side, eighth from the other),
and also in having the teeth in smaller number (fourteen rows instead
of nineteen.)
It is probable, therefore, that the jaws from Todos Santos belong to a
distinct species, which I may name Rhinoptera encenade.
SAN DIEGO, CAL., November 20, 1885.
220
a
|
|
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 221
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE MAMMALS COLLECTED BY THE
LATE MR. CHARLES L. McKAY IN THE VICINITY OF BRISTOL
BAY, ALASKA.
By FREDERICK W. TRUE,
Curator of the Department of Mammals.
The collection of mammals made by Mr. Charles L. MeKay, whose
untimely death is a matter for sincere regret, is one of very consider-
able interest.
Mr. McKay went to Alaska in 1881, and was accidentally drowned
April 19, 1883. He was stationed at Fort Alexander, on Bristol Bay,
and most of the specimens collected are from localities within a radius
of a hundred miles from the fort.
The collection comprises 59 specimens, representing 25 species. Some
of the labels contain special data regarding the specimens to which
they are attached, and additional facts are given in a note-book found
among Mr. McKay’s papers. Others are not labeled.
The collection appears to indicate that the mammalian fauna of the
Bristol Bay region does not differ from that of other districts in the
same latitude lying further to the east.
CANIDZ.
1. Vulpes fulvus decussatus (Desmarest). Cross Fou.
Two very fine male specimens (13618, 15619), from Nushagak, cap-
tured on February 20 and 15, 1882, respectively.
MUSTELIDZ.
2. Putorius erminea (Linné) Griffith. Ermine.
Six specimens. No. 14085 is a female in summer pelage; mamme,
6 pairs. No. 14077, female, taken at Ugashik River, November 10, 1881,
is in winter pelage.
3. Putorius vison (Schreber) Gapper. Mink.
Two specimens. No. 13622, from Nushagak, captured October 5, 1881.
4. Lutra canadensis (Turton) F. Cuvier. Otter.
A young specimen was obtained at some point on the Nushagak
River, and a larger male at Calluganuck.
URSIDZ. .
5. ? Ursus americanus Pallas. Cinnamon Bear.
Under No. 7, Mr. McKay wrote in his note-book.as follows: ‘Ursus
anericanus cinnamoneus; two specimens, young. Skinned and brought
in by the Indians, Kokwok, April 30, 1882.” The specimens are cubs,
222 MAMMALS FROM BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA.
about 60°™ long, of a dark-cinnamon color. The muzzle is not especially
lighter than the body. One, No. 13616, has a complete snowy: white col-
lar, and is also white on the belly. The fore claws are strongly curved
and sharp; they extend about 2° beyond the fur. The hind claws are
smaller and protrude only about 1°" beyond the fur. The hair is uni-
form in color from base to tip, and strongly crenulate.
OTARIID 4.
6. Callorhinus ursinus (Linné) Gray. Fur Seal.,
One specimen. Locality not given.
SORICIDZ.
7. Sorex Forsteri Richardson. Forster’s Shrew.
Mr. McKay obtained three shrews (Nos. 14090-14092), which I have
provisionally identified with this species. No. 14092 was sent to Dr.
George A. Dobson for examination. Nos. 14090 and 14091 differ very
considerably in coloration and proportions, but agree in dentition. They
may belong to two distinct species. Exact localities are not given.
VESPERTILIONIDZ.
8. Vespertilio lucifugus Le Conte.
A specimen from [liamna Lake was collected in the spring of 1882. Ili-
amna Lake is in latitude 60°, and is, I believe, the most northern local-
ity in America from which specimens of Chiroptera have been obtained.
Mr. W. J. Fisher procured numerous specimens of the same species in
Kodiak Island.
LEPORIDZA.
9. Lepus timidus Linné. Arctic Hare.
Twospecimens. No.13620, collected at Nushagak, December 30, 1881.
LAGOMYIDZ.
10. Lagomys princeps Richardson. Pika.
Two specimens from the Chigmit Mountains, collected during the
winter of 1882.
“Said to be very plentiful in the mountains. The Indians in their
vicinity have a superstitious dread about killing them, and cannot be
hired to do so.” (McKay’s note-book.)
HYSTRICIDZA.
11. Brethrizon dorsatus epixanthus (Brandt) Allen. “ellow-haired Porcupine.
Four specimens. No. 13621, a female, from Kokwok, collected April
10, 1882; Nos. 14087, 14088, foetal, from Nushagak.
The Kokwok specimen is peculiar in the color and disposition of its
spines and hair, and might merit subspecific designation were it not
that the porcupines vary indefinitely in these particulars.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 223
On the upper surfaces of the body the basal half of the under fur is
white, the distal half is dark brown. The long hairs are yellow in the
distal half, but some are white in the basal half, while others are brown.
The hairs are about 15° long. With the under fur, they completely
conceal the spines, except on the neck, rump, and tail. Spines are
absent from the sides and are few in number and weak in the middle
of the back. On the rump, however, they are numerous and strong,
and, as already stated, are not mingled with, nor concealed by, long
hair. They do not extend beyond the under fur, but are visible in it.
ZAPODIDZ..
12. Zapus hudsonius Coues. Jumping Mouse.
Two specimens. Nushagak, August 21,1882. “Rare; caught in a
cache.” (McKay’s note-book.)
This rodent has been taken in somewhat higher latitudes in British
America, but has not, I believe, been hitherto recorded from Alaska.
MURIDZ.
13. Arvicola riparius Richardson. Meadow Mouse.
_ Seven specimens, Nos. 14099-14103, 14106, 14147. Localities not defi-
nitely given.
14. Evotomys rutilus Gapperi (Vigors) Coues. M[ed-backed Mouse.
One specimen, No. 14104. Locality not definitely given.
15. Myodes obensis Brants. Lemming.
A single young specimen, in summer pelage.
16. Cuniculus torquatus (Pallas) Coues. White Lemming.
Four specimens, in winter pelage, taken at Nushagak in the winter of
1882-83. ‘“*Not very common. Found in the tundras, &c.” (MeKay.)
17. Fiber zibethicus (Linné) Cuvier. Muskrat.
Three specimens. No. 13626 taken at Nushagak, September 10, 1881;
No. 13959, at Ugashik, July, 1881. No. 14076 is a pure albino.
CASTORIDZ.
18. Castor fiber Linné. Beaver.
A young specimen (No. 13627), taken at Kokwok, December 17, 1881.
SCIURIDZ.
19. Sciurus hudsonius Pallas. Red Squirrel.
Three specimens, taken in the vicinity of Lake Iliamna in the winter
of 1882, belong to the subspecies hudsonius,
224 MAMMALS FROM BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA.
20. Spermophilus empetra Pallas. Parry's Spermophile.
No. 13958, taken at Nushagak, approaches the subspecies Kodiacensis
in the small amount of rufous which is present. The sides and belly
are lightly suffused with that tint, while on the shoulders and extremi-
ties it is somewhat stronger.
21. Arctomys pruinosus Gmelin. Hoary Marmot.
Two young specimens, respectively from the Upper and Lower Alek-
nagik Lakes; a third still younger. The white on the head of No. 13649
is very pure, and reaches back nearly to the base of the ears and down-
ward to the eyes.
BOVID4.
22. Ovis canadensis Dalli Nelson. Dall’s Sheep.
Dall’s sheep, of which two specimens, a male and female, were ob-
tained by Mr. McKay, were reported to him to be plentiful in the Chig-
mit Mountains. The specimens procured were from that region.
The following measurements were made upon the flat skins and the
horns:
Male | Female
cm. | em.
Length from point between horn-cores to base of tail ...---.....- Sea eee 139.5 | 133.5
Length from point between horn-cores to extremity of nose .....-..--.---.-------|..-------- 18.5
Length of horn, measured around the curve.......-.--------.---1--..------ Sscmcc 94.5 | 20. 0
Circumference of horniatibase!s- 4-255. tenerios tcl eeeeee oe hbo ee ember oe eee ZERO ete ea are
Distance between the points of the two horns.....--..-----..-..---.----------+-- DSs1D))| kaneeeeas
The color of the hair in both sexes is cream-white throughout. The
horns are also very light, but the hoofs are dull brown. The horns of
the male are flat toward the tip and quite sharply pointed.
CERVIDZ.
23. Rangifer tarandus caribou (Kerr). JVoodland Caribou.
A male and a female were obtained at Nushagak in the early part of
1882,
> a
SS See ee ee
u
'
f
bo
Or
— 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 2:
NOTES ON SOME FISHES COLLECTED AT PENSACOLA BY MR.
SILAS STEARNS, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF ONE NEW SPECIES
(CHZETODON AYA).
By DAVID S. JORDAN.
A small tank of fishes lately sent by Mr. Silas Stearns to the museum
of the Indiana University contains, among others, the following inter-
esting species from the ‘‘ Snapper Banks,” near Pensacola. The type
of the species which is regarded as new to science has been presented
to the United States National Museum.
1. Exoccetus heterurus Rafinesque.
Exocetus noveboracensis Mitchill.
One specimen, without barbels, answering very well to the account
given by Jordan & Meek (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 59).
2. Exoccetus furcatus Mitchill.
A young specimen, without barbels, agreeing well with our account,
above cited, and corresponding almost exactly in size and in other re-
spects to the figure given by Vinciguerra of his Exoectus maculipinnis,
from Tunis (Risultati Ittiologici del Violante, 1883, 113, tabola 1, f. 6).
3. Siphostoma mackayi Swain & Meek.
Two specimens differing somewhat from the original types of this
species. Dorsal rays about 32, on 23453 rings. Rings 18+36. Form
more slender than in the types (the specimen smaller however), the
dark cross-bars more marked, about 14 in number, and broader than
the interspaces. Light spots obsolete.
A manuscript species of this genus, Siphostoma miurum, Swain &
Meek, from Key West, has been once or twice mentioned. The descrip-
tion of this species has been suppressed by its authors, because, in some
way, its type has been lost or destroyed. The name is therefore null.
4. Chetodon aya, sp. nov. (No. 37747, U. S. N. M.)
_ Head 24 in length (3 with caudal); depth, 12 (2). D. XII, 18. A.
III, 17. Scales, 9-36-17. Length of type, 14 inches.
Body short and deep, strongly compressed. Snout narrow, sharp,
considerably produced, its length from eye 22 in head, its outline form-
ing in front of eye a sharp angle with the profile of the head. Anterior
profile steep and straight from before eye to first dorsal spine. Eye
large, about as long as snout (in young), a little longer than post-orb-
ital part of head.
Dorsal fin high, the second spine highest, very strong, as long as head.
Soft dorsal high, higher than the posterior spines, the longest rays about
half head. Anal similar to soft dorsal, its second spine stouter than
Proc, N, M, 86——15 October 13, 1886,
226 FISHES OF PENSACOLA, FLORIDA.
third, and about equal to it in length, about half length of head. Caudal
fin somewhat rounded, 14 in head. Ventrals not quite reaching anal;
pectorals still shorter.
Seales of moderate size, the soft parts of the vertical fins less ae
than usual. Lateral line running very high and ceasing abruptly under
first ray of soft dorsal.
Color, in spirits, light yellowish, with two oblique jet-black cross-
bands, and no other spots or ocelli. The first band involving first and
second dorsal spines, then extending downward and forward, close
behind the line of the profile and across the eye and across the cheek,
where it is fainter. This band is a little narrower than the eye.
The second band is more than twice as broad as the first. It begins
abruptly with nearly all the membrane of the fourth and fifth dorsal
spines, covering the fifth spine from its base to near its tip. The poste-
rior border of the black band extends from near the tip of the fourth
spine in a straight line across the dorsal fin and the body to near the
base of the last anal ray. The anterior margin runs in a slightly con-
cave line from the base of the fourth spine to the middle of the base of
the anal; the lower border follows the base of the anal fin without in-
cluding any of it. The band is broadest on the dorsal fin and gradu-
ally narrows downward. Middle line of forehead with a dusky shade.
No dark on soft dorsal, caudal, caudal peduncle, anal, pectorals, ven-
trals, or opercles.
This species is distinguished from Ch. ocellatus (=maculocinetus Gill),
Ch. sedentarius, and other related species by the above-mentioned fea-
tures of the coloration.
The type, a young example in good condition, was ‘‘spewed up” by a
Red Snapper (Lutjanus aya) at the Snapper Banks near Pensacola.
5. Cryptotomus ustus Cuv. and Val.
The following description may be compared with that of Cryptoto-
mus beryllinus (Jordan & Swain), given in Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884,
p. 101, and that of Cryptotomus dentiens (Poey), given by me earlier in
the present volume of these Proceedings.
Head 3 in length (32 in total); depth, 3 (33); length of specimen, 9
inches.
Body less elongate than in C. beryllinus, moderately compressed.
Upper profile much less steep than in C. dentiens, less evenly convex
than in C. beryllinus, little convex above the eye, and somewhat concave
before it ; snout longer than in other species, its length (measured along
the axis) 24 in head. Distance from eye to angle of mouth half great-
est depth of head, 3 in length of head, and 2+ times diameter of eye.
Eye small, 63 in head..
Jaws pale, some of the teeth each with a reddish brown spot. Upper
jaw with a cutting edge of closely coalesced teeth. Outside of this is
an irregular series of enlarged and projecting canines; the hindmost of
%
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 227
these near the middle of the side of the jaw, directed outward and back-
ward; before this two smaller canines, and in front of the jaw about
four more on each side, some of them directed downward and forward,
the others variously divergent. Teeth of lower jaw compressed, larger
than in any of the other species, mostly in two series, the posterior
series ceasing anteriorly in front of the middle of the side of the jaw,
the anterior series extending a little farther back than the front of the
posterior series. The posterior series extends horizontally along the
_ edge of the bone in front; the anterior series has its teeth placed on
the edge of the bone in front, those behind inserted lower and lower, so
that the last teeth of this series are placed entirely below the first of the
posterior series, thus—
(ae aah
"Thay yy
In the front of the jaw are a few teeth imbricated outside the anterior
series, forming a partial third row. Upper lip double for its entire
length.
Fins and scales about as in Cryptotomus beryllinus, the last rays of
the soft dorsal and anal rather higher, the former 3 in head.
Color, in spirits, olive gray, with irregular marblings of slaty gray ;
four diffuse darker blotches along base of dorsal, as in C. beryllinus,
but with none of the pale streaks shown in that species. Dorsal, pale
olive, finely mottled with darker cross-lines. A black blotch on the
membrane of the first and second spines. Caudal and anal, dull olive,
nearly or quite plain. Pectorals and ventrals pale.
This is evidently the Callyodon ustus Cuv. & Val., but not the Cal-
lyodon dentiens of Poey, which is represented by a specimen before me
from Havana.
Callyodon retractus Poey, is probably identical with C. dentiens. In
any case, it cannot be C. ustus or C. berylliuns, as the snout is said to
be shorter and steeper than in C. dentiens.
The Callyodon auropunctatus Cuv. & Val., is very close to C. dentiens.
Comparing the description given of the former by Guichenot (Scea-
rides p. 60) with my specimen of the latter, I see no difference except
in the color of the spots on the scales and fins which are brownish
rather than “dorée,” as stated by Guichenot, or ‘“aurore,” as described
by Valenciennes. The characters given below are taken by me from
the original type in the museum at Paris.
The five known American species of Cryptotomus may be thus com-
pared:
a. Posterior canine present, preceded by about two smaller canines.
b. Lateral teeth of lower jaw unequal, the posterior teeth much larger than those
near the middle of the side of the jaw, which are wholly coalescent ;
prefile strongly convex above eye, thence nearly straight to tip of snout;
distance from eye to angle of mouth, about twice diameter of eye; snout
(measured along axis) nearly 3 in head...--...---..--------- DENTIENS.
228 FISHES OF PENSACOLA, FLORIDA.
bb. Lateral teeth of lower jaw subequal, arranged intwo rows which are not parallel; 4
profile slightly convex above eye, thence somewhat concave; distance —
from eye to angle of mouth nearly 3 times diameter of eye; snout (axially) ©
FUNC ea cae elim cele, Se Somali ee memes ee mir ieee arc UsTUS.
aa. Posterior canine single; teeth otherwise essentially as in C. ustus; snout rather
sharp, 23 in head; front canines small; lower lip not double for its whole
length wil 2s <2 oct Jal Sette Musee ee a cee See eee eee AUROPUNCTATUS.
aaa. Posterior canines, none; lateral teeth in each jaw subequal, those of the lower
jaw larger than those of the upper.
ec. (Teeth of outer (anterior) series in upper jaw numerous, large, divergent,
canine-like, free to their bases; lower jaw with numerous canines; body
elongate, the depth 4 in length; snout pointed, 3 in head; eye large,
profile not steep, gently arched ; diameter of eye greater thanits distance
from angle of mouth, color chiefly rosy.) (Cope.*) ------.----- ROSEUS.
cc. Teeth of outer (anterior) series in upper jaw few, small, non-divergent, not canine-
like, and scarcely differentiated ; lower jaw without enlarged teeth ; body
moderately elongate, the depth 33 in length; snout rather sharp, 2 in
head; profile gently curved, not steep; diameter of eye, 14 in distance
from eye to angle of mouth; color chiefly olive gray ..--.. BERYLLINUS.
6. Prionotus stearnsi Jordan & Swain.
Adult example. Head 24 in length (34 with caudal); dépth 44 (52).
Dorsal IX, 12; anal 12; scales in transverse series about 50; pores in
lateral line about 52; length of specimen, 143 inches.
Body rather robust, formed much as in P. tribulus ; width of pape be-
tween occipital spines not quite one-fifth the length of the head. Head
very large, broad, and unusually smooth, the profile, except for the
prominence of the orbital region, forming a very gentle and somewhat
regular arch. Snout very broad, truncate at tip, its breadth at tip 34
in head, its length 22; edge of snout granular, without any spines.
Surface of all bones of head very finely, evenly, and regularly striated,
the strize much finer than in P. tribulus, their granulations all minute.
Mouth wide, the maxillary reaching front of eye, its length about 24
in head. Band of palatine teeth well developed. Eye large, placed high,
its diameter 54 in head. No cirri. Interorbital space about as in P.
tribulus, rather broad and moderately concave, wider than the eye, and
about 5 in head. :
Bone at anterior portion of orbital rim very prominent, serrulate, its
principal ridge ending in a stout, blunt spine. Supraorbital rim little
prominentand without spine. Nocross-grooveontopofhead. A slight,
bluntish spine behind eye. Nospineson temporalridge. Outer pair of
occipital spines short, strong, compressed, not quite reaching front of |
dorsal. Inner pair and their ridges obsolete. Opercular and preoper-
cular spines short, the latter with no smaller one at its base. Upper
opercular spine very weak. Humeral spine moderate. Membranaceous
flap of opercle with about five rows of scales. Nospine on cheek-bone. |
Gill-rakers short and few, little longer than in P. ophryas, the longest
about one-third interorbital width, about half longer than the inter-
*Cryptotomus roseus Cope, Trans, Am. Phil, Soe., 1871, 462,
rs
FS
Fe
b
_ 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 229)
_ spaces, and perhaps five times as high as broad. About nine gill-rakers
developed.
Scales comparatively large, those on the back little reduced in size,
about ten before dorsal fin. Seven scales in a vertical row from first
ray of soft dorsal to lateral line.
Dorsal fins rather low and strong (the first injured), with its anterior
margin not granulated; the third 22 in head. Soft dorsal moderate,
its longest ray 34 in head. Caudal very slightly concave, its longest
rays 1+ in head.
Pectoral fins rather short, reaching third ray of anal, 24 in body,
their length little more than length of head. Detached rays tapering,
a little more than half head. Ventrals about reaching vent, 14 in head.
Color, in alcohol, nearly plain brownish olive, with dark shades at
the bases of many of the scales, giving a mottled appearance; head
everywhere conspicuously reticulate with blackish, in fine pattern.
Pectoral fin dusky, with a net-work of fine black cross-streaks. Dorsals
similarly marked, the spinous dorsal with a diffuse black blotch between
the fourth and sixth spines. Caudal plain, slightly dusky. Anal and
ventrals pale. Pectoral filaments nearly so.
The specimen here described in splendid condition, is larger in size
than any other individual of any species of Prionotus which I have ever
seen.
7. Gnathypops mystacinus Jordan.
A fine specimen, considerably larger than the original type. Maxil-
lary a little longer, 44 in body.
8. Malthe vespertilio L.
A specimen with the snout very long, 42 in length to base of caudal.
9. Canthigaster rostratus Bloch.
( Tetrodon ornatus Poey)
A small specimen, about 2 inches long, agreeing fairly with Gtin-
ther’s description. Upper and lower edge of caudal abruptly jet-black,
this color extending as a dark stripe along median line of caudal pe-
duncle above and below. No cross-bands on tail (these appearing with
age?). Belly with conspicuous two-rooted prickles; some prickles and
granulations on the back.
The name Psilonotus, formerly adopted for this genus by Dr. Gill and
the writer, is preoccupied. ©
To the list of fishes from the stomachs of Lutjanus aya on the “Snap-
per Banks” of Pensacola, given in these Proceedings for 1834, p. 39,
the following may be added:
Siphostoma mackayi Swain & Meek. Pomacentrus caudalis Poey.
Exocetus furcatus Mitchill. Prionotus ophryas Jordan & Swain.
Anthias vivanus Jordan & Swain. Prionotus stearnsi Jordan & Swain.
Chetodon aya Jordan. Porichthys porossimus Cuvy. & Val.
Cryptotomus ustus Cuv.& Val. (not from Canthigaster rostratus Bloch,
stomachs). Malthe vespertilio L,
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, January 27, 1886,
A REVIEW OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF TETRAODONTIDZ.
By DAVID 8S. JORDAN and CHARLES L. EDWARDS.
In the present paper we have attempted to review the synonymy of
the American species of Puffers or Tetraodontide, and to give analytical
keys by which the genera and species may be distinguished. The speci-
mens examined have been chiefly collected by Professors Jordan and
Gilbert. These are in the museum of the Indiana University, while
duplicate series are in the U. S. National Museum.
We accept the family of Tetraodontide as including all the Plectog-
nathous fishes, in which the teeth in each jaw are coalesced into a bony
plate, which in each jaw is divided by a median suture. The American
species of this group, all referred by Dr. Gtinther to the single genus
Tetrodon, fall into five groups which are certainly natural and appar-
ently well-defined, and which we regard as distinct genera.
These may be defined as follows :*
a. Frontal bones articulated with the supraoccipital and the postfrontals confined to
the sides, the ethmoid little prominent to view above and short or nar-
row; back not carinated; snout heavy and broad; vertebre in mod-
erate or small number (7 to8+-9 to 13); dorsaland anal fins each with 6
to 15 rays; skin smooth or more or less prickly, without scutes ( Tetro-
dontine).
b. Frontal bones expanded sidewise and forming the lateral roofs of the orbits, the
postfrontals limited to the posterior portions. Marine species.
c. Nostril, on each side, with two distinct openings; frontal region longer than
broad.
d. Dorsal and anal fins comparatively long, falcate, each of 12 to 15 rays; cau-
dal lunate; vertebra about 20; nostrils sessile or nearly so, not form-
ing a distinct papilla; mucous tubes on upper part of head and on
sides of body very conspicuous .. -.-... -.-----=---. LAGOCEPHALUS, 1.
dd. Dorsal and anal fins comparatively short, rounded, each of 6 to 8 rays;
caudal usually rounded; vettebra about 8-++-10; nostrils at the summit
of a hollow, simple (or lobed) papilla; mucous tubes inconspicuous.
SPHZROIDES, 2.
ce. Nostril on each side, with a bifid tentacle, without distinct opening; frontal
region broader than long; fins and vertebre as in Spheroides.
TETRAODON, 3.
bb. Frontal bones narrowed and excluded from the orbit, the postfrontals being
elongated and projected forwards and connected with the prefrontals;
dorsal and anal fins short, rounded ; snout very obtuse; vertebre 8-+ 11;
nostrils (probably) as in Spheroides. Fluviatile species.
COLOMESUS, 4.
*The osteological characters here given are mostly copied from Professor Gill’s
“Synopsis of the Plectognath Fishes” (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1584, 411), and were
by him derived chiefly from the plates in Hollard’s ‘‘Etudes sur les Gymnodontes”
(Ann. des Sciences Naturelles, Paris, 1857, viii).
230
:
i"
st
3
ie:
.
Se
_, 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 231
aa. Frontal bones separated from the supraoccipital by the intervention of the post-
frontals, which are connected together and laterally expanded but
short, the ethmoid prominent above, enlarged and narrowed forwards;
nostrils obsolete, imperforate; head compressed, the snout slender and
produced; back compressed to a sharp edge or keel; dorsal and anal
fins short and rounded (rays 5 to 8); vertebre 8-4-9; skin smooth or
prickly, without scutes (Canthigasterina)-. .-....----CANTHIGASTER, 5.
I.—LAGOCEPHALUS.
TETRAODON species, Linnzeus and of early authors (not type, as later restricted).
LAGOCEPHALUS Swainson, Nat. Hist. and Class’n Fishes, ii, 194, 328, 1839 (stellatus ;
pennanti = lagocephalus L.).
PHYSOGASTER Miiller, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, 1839 (1841), 252 (lunaris ; oblongus);
(name preoccupied).
GASTROPHYSUS Miiller, Wiegmann’s Archiy. ix, 330, 1843-(lunaris).
Les Promécocephales (PROMECOCEPHALUS) Bibron, MSS., Révue de Zoologie, 1855, 279
(argentatus ; lunaris ; spadiceus ; levigatus ; lagocephalus (‘ Bloch, nec L.”); inermis).
GASTROPHYSUS Bleeker, Nat. Tydskr. Ned. Ind., &c., about 1355.
TETRODON Gill, Cat. Fish. East. Coast N. Am., 1873, 15 (levigatus, &c.).
LAGOCEPHALUsE Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1888, 859 (levigatus, &c.).
Type Tetrodon lagocephalus Linneus.
This genus is close to Spheroides in all technical respects, but it seems
to be sufficiently distinguished by its nostrils and the form and develop-
ment of its fins. This increase in the number of fin-rays marks a slight
step in the direction of the genus Xenopterus (Chonerhinus). The species
reach a larger size than do those of our other genera, and the body is
more elongate in form. This is the only genus which is represented in
the fauna of Europe.
The name of this genus offers no difficulty, Lagocephalus being prior
to Gastrophysus, while Physogaster, which has nearly the same date as
Lagocephalus, is preoccupied. The characters assigned by Swainson to
Lagocephalus are valueless, but the indicated types belong to this group.
Only one American species is certainly referred to Lagocephalus. A
second one has been dcubtfully noted as occurring in Brazil.*
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF LAGOCEPHALUS.
a. Belly covered with large, subequal, three-rooted spines, the body otherwise
smooth. Dorsal rays 14; anal rays 12. Interobital space flat, shorter than
snout, 14 times diameter of eye; body elongate, its depth 44 in length; tail
slender, a ridge of skin on its lower edge on each side. Olive-green above,
sides,and below, lustrousisilver-wihtite. = 22.2 201 Steel cele LZ:VIGATUS, 1.
*Dr. Giinther mentious a specimen from Brazil, which he refers to a variety of
Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider), a species otherwise only known from the
East Indian fauna. This specimen is described as having the interorbital space and
neck covered with spines (like the belly), the length of the head equal to its dis-
tance from the dorsal fin, and a broad dark band across the middle of the back.
238 REVIEW OF TETRAODONTIDA.
Lagocephalus levigatus.*
Ostracion cathetoplateo oblongus Artedi, genera 58, species No. 13, 1738 (after
Orbis lagocephalus Grew, &c.). ¥ {
Tetrodon levigatus Linnzus, Syst. Nat., ed. xii, 411, 1766 (on a specimen col-
lected at Charleston by Dr. Garden); Schépf, Schrift. Naturf. Freunde,
1788, 189 (Rhode Island) ; Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1447, 1788 (copied); Walbaum,
Artedi Piscium, 595, 1792 (copied) ; Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801,
506 (copied); Turton, Syst. Nat., 1806, 891 (copied); Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., viii, 1870, 274 (Bahia; Gulf of Mexico); Gill,-Cat. Fish. E.
Coast N. Am., 1873, 15 (name only); Poey, Enum. Piscium Cuben., 171,
1875 (Cuba); De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes, 329, 1842 (New York) ; Storer,
Hist. Fish. Mass., 224, 1857 (Nantucket); Baird, U.S. Fish. Com., 1871—72,
823 (Wood’s Holl); Poey, Syn. Piscium Cubensis, 431, 1868 (Cuba).
Apsicephalus (Promegocephalus) levigatus Hollard, Etudes sur les Gymnodontes,
1857 (figures of skulls).
Gastrophysus levigatus Bleeker, ‘‘Natuurh. Verh. Holl. Maatsch. Wet. Haarlem,
1863, Xvili, 22.”
Lagocephalus levigatus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., T378, 367 (Beau-
fort, N. C.); Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 109, (St. John’s River,
Florida); Goode & Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1879, 122 (Pensacola, Fla.);
Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 305 (Galveston); Jordan &
Gilbert, 1. c., 1882, 619 (Charleston); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N.
A., 1883, 860 ;Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 141, 1885.
Tetrodon lagocephalus Bloch, Ausl. Fische, 1, 126, taf. 140; Bloch & Schneider,
Syst. Ichth., 1801, 503 (not of Linnzus),
Tamboril Parra, Dif. Piezas de Hist. Nat., 1787, 37, lam. 10 (Havana).
Le Tetrodon Mal-Armé Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., i, 497, 1798 (copied).
Tetrodon curvus Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc., i, 472, 1815 (New York; |
young); De Kay, N. Y. Fauna, Fishes; 1842, 328 (copied).
Tetrodon mathematicus Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc., 1, 474, 1815 (New York).
Tetrodon pachycephalus Ranzani, Nov. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst. Bonon., iv, 1840,
73, pl. 11, f.:2 (Brazil).
Holacanthus melanothos Gronow, Systema, ed. Gray, 1854, 24; (based on T. lavi-
gatus of Linneens).
Tetrodon lineolatus Poey, Synops. Piscium Cuben., 432, 1868 (Cuba); Poey,
Enum. Piscium Cuben., 172, 1875 (Cuba; Young).
Habitat.—Tropical and temperate shores of Atlantic coast of America;
Cape Cod to Brazil.
The synonymy of this common species offers no difficulty. First de-
scribed under the specific name of levigatus, it has been known by the
same name by nearly all authors subsequent to Linnzus.
Il.— SPH AZROIDES.
TETRAODON species Linnzeus, Systema Nature, ed. x, 1758, 332 (several species:
testudineus 1oentioned first).
Les Spheroides Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 1, 1798 (French name only).
SpH#ROIDES Lacépéede, Pillot edition, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vi, 279, 1831 (tuberculatus =
spengleri).
CIRRHISOMUS Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, ii, 1839, 194, 328 (spengleri).
* Macleay, Cat. Austr. Fish., ii, 273, 1881, records this species from Port Jackson,
Australia. This breadth of range needs verification.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 233
CHEILICHTHYS Miiller, Abhandl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1839 (18417), 252 (testudineus?).
HOLACANTHUS species, Gronow, Systema Ed. Gray, 1854, 23 (includes all Tetrodontide
and Diodontide). (Name preoccupied.)
ANcHISOMUS Kaup MSS., Richardson, Voyage Herald, 1854, 156 (geometricus = teslu-
dineus, etc. ).
Les Stenometopes (STENOMETOPUS) Bibron 1. ¢. (destudineus, spengleri, plumieri, marmo-
ratus, angusticeps (no diagnosis).
Les Amblirhynchotes (AMBLYRHYNCHOTUS) Bibron, 1. ¢. (honekeni, oblongus, richei).
? Les Aphanacanthes (APHANACANTHUS) Bibron, Revue de Zodlogie, 1855, 279 (reticu-
latus Bibron MSS. No diagnosis).
? Les Epipedorhynches (EPIPEDORHYNCHUS) Bibron, 1. c. (freycineti, etc., MSS. species.
No diagnosis).
? Les Geneions (GENEION) Bibron, 1. ce. (maculatum Bibron MSS.).
? Les Cataphorhynques (CATAPHORHYNCHUS) Bibron, 1. ¢. (lampris, longispinis Bibron
MSS.). :
APSICEPHALUS Hollard, Etudes sur les Gymnodontes 1867, 324 (as substitute for and
including the foregoing names of Bibron and Promecocephalus also, the type
specified being a Dilobomycter).
? Liosaccus Giinther, Cat. Fish., Brit. Mus., viii, 1870, 287 (cutaneus).
TETRODON Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish., N. A. 859, 1883 (testudineus).
CIRRHISOMUS Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 421 (spengleri).
Type Tetrodon spengleri Bloch.
The reasons for using the name TYetraodon for Miiller’s Arothron in-
stead of the present group are given farther on, under the head of Tet-
raodon.
If, as we suppose, Tetraodon is not available as the name of the present
group, the name Spheroides seems to us to have the clear right of pri-
ority. In the first volume and the first halfof the second volume of his
Histoire Naturelle des Poissons, Lacépéde uses French names only, and
it is in this part of his work that his “ Sphéroide tuberculé,” the type of
his genus, ‘les Sphéroides,” occurs. This name should then be passed
over. Among the several reprints of Lacépéde’s work, there is, how-
ever, one now before me, in which the name of “ Pillot” appears on the
title page as “ Editeur.” In this edition (volume 6, published in 1831)
Latin names are given to all‘the species, and the Latin form ‘“ Spheroides
tuberculatus” is here applied. The name Spheroides dating, then, from
1831, has clear priority over Cirrhisomus of Swainson (1839) and Chei-
lichthys of Miiller (1841). The name is also preferable to either of these
in other respects. Lacépéde’s diagnosis is, of course, worthless, as the
genus is based on a front view of a species (tuberculatus=spengleri) of
which he had referred a side view to the genus Tetrodon. Most of the
species of Sphwroides are American, as those of Tetraodon are chietly
East Indian. The species reach in general a much smaller size than
those of Lagocephalus.
In all our species the nasal openings are comparatively large and
placed at the summit of a simple hollow papilla. In some East Indian
Species, probably referable to this genus, this nasal papilla is two-lobed,
a nasal opening in each lobe.
234 REVIEW OF TETRAODONTIDA.
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF SPH-EROIDES.
a. Caudal fin lunate or truncate, with the angles notably produced.
b. [Body everywhere perfectly smooth; interorbital space broad, about equal to
length of snout and twice diameter of eye; caudal truncate, its
angles produced. Dorsal rays 10. Light brown, with darker
spots!on) Ghebaele| ss: ere sae ame ania ee eiele PACHYGASTER, 2.
bb. Body more or less prickly, both above and below; the spines above slender;
profile steep; a dark spot or band at base of pectoral.
c. [Color brownish above, faintly vermiculated with paler, sides yellowish; spines
on the head long, close-set, like seals’ bristles; dorsal region
from a little behind nares to above ends of pectoral fins spinous;
belly spinous; interorbital width 1} in eye (in specimen 4 inches
long); caudal fin truncate, or slightly concave, with prominent
angles, D. 8, A. 7; eye 34 in head] .----- TRICHOCEPHALUS, 3.
ec. Color brownish above, with small irregular bluish-gray spots; sometimes
three faint blackish cross-bands, the foremost on the forehead,
the others on the back before the dorsal; numerous fine sharp
spines on the upper side of the body, from the nostrils to the
base of the dorsal, and below from the throat to the vent; a
slight fold along each side of the tail; caudal fin weakly con-
cave; aye 4 in head, abont equal to the interorbital width.
TS SAR tere oe ese ace one iene teen cineca aye eae FURTHI, 4.
aa. Candal fin rounded or ae uncate, the middle rays ieeet (rar oly the uppermost
very slightly produced).
d. Nape with a pair of fleshy flaps; interorbital area very narrow, deeply con-
cave, channel-like, not broader than the eye; sides with small
fleshy cirri; belly and anterior part of back with slender, two-
rooted prickles; body comparatively elongate, the snout pro-
duced, a little longer than the rest of the head; caudal rounded ;
dorsal rays 7; color smoky gray, sides yellowish-brown, cov-
ered with innumerable small spots of a sky-blue color, each
with a sharply defined black edge; a row of obscure large
blackish cross-blotches along lower part of sides from snout
to caudal peduncle (as in S. spengleri); a black streak on base
Of pectoraliee. co... a2 so.) he see eee meet ANGUSTICEPS, 5.
dd. Nape without dermal flaps; interorbital space broader, flattish or somewhat
concave; snout about as long as rest of head.
e. Interorbital space rather narrow, somewhat concave, its width less than
half the length of the snout; sides with a series of about 12
black blotches or bars bounding the pale color of the abdomen;
back without curved cross-streaks or circles; upper ray of
caudal slightly produced.
f. Sides of head and body always smooth, except sometimes a strip behind
pectorals; spines larger, higher, more distinctly stellate and
much less closely set than in C. turgidus, sometimes confined
to the helly or the nuchal region, and often, especially in old
specimens, wanting altogether, so that the skin is perfectly
smooth; sides often with small whitish fleshy flaps or cirri,
especially in the young. Color greenish or grayish, with fine
bluish spots and vermiculations. Black blotches on lower
part of sides nearly round; caudal fin with a broad dusky bar
at base and tip, the middle pale -..--..-.....--- SPENGLERI, 6.
‘
_ 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 235
Jf. Sides of head and body always prickly; as is the back from upper lip to
base of dorsal; belly prickly from lower lip to vent; prickles
all similar, small, mostly 3-rooted, stiff and close set, rather
5 largest posteriorly on back and belly, never obsolete; sides
without cirri; color dark olivaceous above, somewhat marbled
and dotted with black; black blotches on lower part of sides
in the form of short cross-bars, somewhat oblique, the one
nearest behind pectoral most conspicuous; caudal fin plain or
mearly,.soy the tip darker yeas seeoete seer = sab MACULATUS, 7.
ee. Interorbital space rather broad and flattish, its width more than half
length of snout; sides with no distinct series of dark blotches
bounding the white of the belly; back and sides with numer-
ous irregular round black spots and usually with curved cross-
streaks, often appearing as ares of concentric circles.
g- Skin of back and sides perfectly smooth; skin of belly smooth or with
a few prickles embedded in folds of the skin. Color brown,
with very numerous small round dark spots above; usually
pale curved cross-bars present, in the form of concentric rings,
one on middle of back in front of dorsal, another surrounding
this, the remainder appearing as bars, anteriorly running down-
wards and backwards, posteriorly downwards and forwards.
No cirri. (Adult form of S. testudineus?) .....----- POLITUS, 8.
gg. Skin of back from nape to before dorsal fin covered with small,
sparsely-set prichles; belly from throat to before anal with —
prickles which are rather larger and.more closely set; axil
usually prickly; sides sometimes with cirri.
h. Curved lines and streaks on the back whitish, paler than the ground
color; usually arranged as follows: a circle or rhomb on the
middle of the back before the dorsal fin; an ellipse surround-
ing this; before this three or four cross-streaks extending
downward and backward, the one at the nape and the one
behind the eyes connected on the median line; back and sides
with many irregular round blackish spots of different sizes; a
dark bar at base of pectoral, caudal dusky at base, then pale,
the posterior half blackish ..-.-..-----.-.--- TESTUDINEUS, 9.
i. Snout rather short, the eye nearer the end of the snout than the
CIN Sa Ne ee ee eee ie ee a tay elope one 7 a Annulatus 9 (a).
ii. Snout rather longer, the eye nearer the gill-opening than the end
Of theysmomtig as hie oy she ose eats hee Sy se kc Testudineus 9 (b).
hh. Curved lines, streaks, and circles on the back black, darker than
the ground color; snout rather short, the eye being nearer end
of snout than gill-openings; in all other respects essentially as
ANIM CES WLULCUS aes oe mle ate e aa ele ea oe foie See eats Formosus, 10.
2. Spheroides pachygaster.
Tetrodon (Cheilichthys) pachygaster Miiller & Troschel in ‘‘Schomburgk’s Hist.
Barbadoes, about 1840, 677.” (Barbadoes. )
Tetrodon pachygaster Giinther, VIII, 287, 1870. (Copied.)
Habitat.—West Indian fauna. ‘A scarce species around Barbadoes.”
This species is known to us only from the brief diagnosis copied by
Giinther from Miiller & Troschel.
It is probably the adult form (length 14 inches) of some species which
is prickly when young. It may be the same as S. trichocephalus, or pos-
sibly an old example of S. testudineus. The latter is not known, how-
ever, to have the angles of the caudal produced even in old examples,
236 REVIEW OF TETRAODONTIDA.
3. Spheroides trichocephalus. ©
Tetrodon trichocephalus Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat.Sci. Phila., 1870,120 (Newport,
R. I.); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. A., 1883, 862 (copied); Jordan,
Cat. Fish. N. Am., 1885, 441 (name only). :
Habitat.—West Indian fauna; Gulf Stream.
This species is known to us only from Cope’s description of a small
specimen taken in the Gulf Stream off Newport. It is apparently very
close to S. fiirthi, and it is not unlikely that it will prove to be the
young S. pachygaster; but as the latter species js known only from a
poor description of a single specimen, it is not possible to form any pos-
itive opinion.
4. Spheroides fiirthi.
Tetrodon fiirtht Steindachner, Ichthyol. Beitr. v. 22, 1874 (Panama); Jordan,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 593 (Panama).
Habitat.—Panama fauna.
Specimens of this species, agreeing well with Dr. Steindachner’s
description, were obtained by Professor Gilbert at Panama in 1883.
These specimens have been destroyed by fire, so that we are compelled
to fall back on Dr. Steindachner’s description for comparison. The dif-
ferences between this species and S. trichocephalus are not very evi-
dent from the comparison of the descriptions, but as the two belong to
different faunal regions it is probable that other differences would ap-
pear on comparison of specimens.
5. Spheroides angusticeps.
Tetrodon angusticeps Jenyns, Voyage of Beagle, Fishes, 154, 28, 1842 (Galapagos
Is.), Giinther, vili, 287, 1870 (copied); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 1882, 631 (Panama); Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 393 (Panama).
Anchisomus angusticeps Richardson, Voyage of Herald, Fishes ; 1854, 159, (Gal-
apagos).
Canthogaster lobatus Steindachner, Ichthyol. Notizen, x, 18, taf. 5, f. 3, 1870,
(Altata: from a shriveled specimen. )
Habitat.— Panama fauna; Altata to the Galapagos Islands.
This strongly marked species was first described from large speci-
mens in poor condition, with the spines cbsolete, or lost. Next it was
redescribed by Dr. Steindachner from a young example, shriveled in
strongalcohol. Later twolarge examples (12 inches), one in the museum
of Yale College, the other now in the National Museum, were examined
by Professors Jordan and Gilbert. These authors observe:
‘These specimens agree perfectly with Dr. Steindachner’s Altata
specimen (type of Canthogaster lobatus), but the nostrils are formed as
in typical species of Tetrodon (= Spheroides), i. e., tubular with two lat-
eral openings near the summit. Jenyns’ description of 7. angusticeps
was evidently drawn from a specimen in poor condition. This would
account for the alleged absence of prickles on the skin. In all other
respects the description agrees with the specimens before us—the nar-
row, channel-like interorbital space, the minute, papilliform protuber-
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 237
ances on the skin, aid the pair of fleshy flaps behind the nape being
conspicuous features of the species.”
In some regards, this species resembles S. spengleri, of which it may
be regarded as the Pacific Coast representative.
6. Spheroides spengleri.
Tetrodon spengleri Bloch, Naturgeschichte der Fische, 1, 135, 1782, taf. 144 (“ In-
dia”); Gmelin, Systema Nature, 1788, 1446 (copied); Walbaum, Artedi Pis-
cium, 1792, 592 (copied); Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801, 504,
Turton, Syst. Nat., 1806, 890 (copied); Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ed. ii, 1828
(name only); Gitinther, VIII, 285, 1870 (Madeira, Lanzarote, Cape Verde
Islands, West Africa, Santa Cruz, Cuba); Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1871,
479 (Saint Martins, New Providence, Tortugas); Poey, Enumeratio, 1875,
173 ; Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 235 (name only); Jordan &
Gilbert, Synopsis Fish N. A., 1882, 861; Jordan; Cat. Fish N. Am., 1885, 141.
Le Tetrodon spenglerien, Lacépede, Poissons, 1, 501, 1797 (copied).
Crayracion spengleri Kner, Novara Fische, 410, 1867. (Rio Janeiro.)
Chilichthys spenglerit Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., V, 22, 1876. (Bermudas. )
Cirrisomus spengleri Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 366.
Cirrhisomus spengleri Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, ete., Vol. ii, 328. 1839; Gill,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 421 (name only).
Le Tetrodon Plumier, Lacépeéde, Hist. Nat., Poiss., 1, 504, 1797. (Martinique; on)
a drawing by Plumier. )
Tetrodon plumieri Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichthyol., 1801, 508. (After Lacépede.
Le Sphéroide tuberculé Lacépéde, II, 1, 1798. (Martinique; on a drawing (front
view) by Plumier.)
Spheroides tuberculatus Pillot, Edition of Lacépede, 1831, VI, 272 (copied).
Tetrodon marmoratus Ranzani, Nov. Comm. Ac. Sci. Inst., Bion TVS 12) pl alOe
f.1, 1840 (Brazil); Lowe, ‘“‘Trans. Zool. Soc., ii, 193” (Madeira); Valenci-
ennes “in Webb and Berthelot, Poiss., fles Canaries, pl. 20, f. 2.” (Canaries.)
Tetrodon turgidus Poey, Synopsis, 4: 32, 1868 (Cuba); Poey, Enumeratio, 1875,
172 (not of Mitchill); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 306.
(Pensacola; Galveston.)
Tetrodon nephelus Goode & Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1882, 235 (Gulf of
Mexico); Goode & Bean, Phot: U. S. Nat. Mus., 1852, 412 (Indian River,
Pensacola); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, Fish, N. Am., 1883, 7 Bean, Cat.
Intern. Fish. Exhib., 1883, 43 (Key West, Fla.) ; Jordan, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm.,
79 (Key West) ; ToLkan: Proc. Wes: Nat. Mus., 1884, 146 (Kies West); Jor-
dan & Swain, Proc. U. &. Nat. Mus., 1884, 234 (Cedar Key); Jordan, Cat.
Fish. N. Am., 41, 1885.
Habitat.—West Indian Fauna. Coast of Texas and Western Florida
to Brazil and West Africa.
This is the most common species of the genus about the Florida
Keys and the Guif Coast, and probably throughout the West Indies
generally.
The very large series of specimens of this species, obtained by Dr.
Jordan at Key West, shows remarkable variations in the development
of the prickles on the skin. This mdicates that the latter character
must be used with great caution in the distinction of species in this
group.
In Dr, Jordan’s paper on the fishes of Key West (Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus.,
238 REVIEW OF TETRAODONTIDZ.
1584, 147) is a full description of the coloration of Spheroides spengleri,
together with the following account of the variations in the prickles:
‘* Young exainples have the back and belly covered with rather large,
not close-set, stellate prickles, as described in the original account of
Tetrodon nephelus. Of the larger specimens, some have prickles only
on the back, others on the belly only, one or two only a small area be-
hind the eyes near the median line, while a majority of the largest (as
well as some of the smaller ones) are entirely smooth. There is no
doubt that these specimens all belong to one species, and that this is
the original Tetrodon nephelus of Goode and Bean. The loss of the
prickles is probably to some extent dependent on age.”
Half-grown examples usually correspond very closely to the current
descriptions of C. spengleri, and there seems to be no doubt that the
original Tetrodon spengleri of Bloch, was based on such specimens. Tet-
rodon plumieri is evidently the same and the ‘ spheroide tuberculé” of
Lacépéde is founded on a front view of the same fish. Ranzani’s de-
scription and figure of Tetrodon marmoratus, as Professor Goode has al-
ready stated, represents S. spenglert very well.
This description of Lacépéde was originally accompanied only by a
French form of the name, but in a reprint of Lacépéde, edited by Pillot
in Paris, in 1831, the Latin form, Spheroides tuberculatus is supplied.
7. Spheroides maculatus.
Toad-fish Schopf, ‘‘Beobacht. Gesellsch. Naturf. Freunde, viii, 189, 1788
(Rhode Island).
Tetrodon hispidus var. Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792, 594 (after Schépf) (not
of Linnzus).
Tetrodon hispidus var. maculatus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 504 (after
Schépf).
Tetrodon turgidus Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. 1, 473, pl. 6, f.5,1815 (New
York); Cuvier, Régne Animal, Ed. ii, 1828 (name only). Storer, Rept. Fishes,
Mass. 1839, 169 (Massachusetts); DeKay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 1842, 321,
pl. 55, f.178 (New York); Ayres, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. 1842, 285 (Brook-
haven, Long Island); Baird, Ninth Smithsonian Rept., 1854, 352 (Great Eeg
Harbor, N. J.); Storer, Synopsis Fish. N. A., 1846, 241 Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 1880,76 (Wood’s Holl, Noank, Conn., East shore of Va., Cohasset Nar-
rows, Mass.) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 619, (Charleston) ;
Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1883, 861, Jordan Cat. Fish. N. Am. 141,
1885.
Gastrophysus turgidus Gill, Cat. Fish, East Coast, 1861 (name only).
Cirrhisomus turgidus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1878, 366 (Beau-
fort); Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex Inst., 1879, xi, 3 (Salem, Provincetown,
Mass.) ; Goode, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 109 (St. John’s River, Florida).
Chilichthys turgidus Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 15, 1873 (name only).
Habitat.—Atlantic coast of United States; Cape Ann to Northern
Florida. ;
This well-known species is common along our Atlantic coast, its range
apparently not extending farther southward than the Carolinas. The
numerous specimens before us are from Wood’s Holl and Beaufort. On
i
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 239
the specimens examined by us we find no variation in the development
of the prickles, and we regard this species as more constant in this
respect than are most of the tropical forms. This is the only species of
Spheroides commonly found on coasts of temperate regions. Its strong
resemblance to 8. spenglert indicates the probability that it is a geo-
graphical variety of the latter, but we have seen no intermediate ex-
amples.
The name Tetrodon hispidus var. maculatus is based on the excellent
description of Schépf, and see no reason why it must not stand in place
of the later name of turgidus.
8. Spheroides politus.
Tetrodon politus Girard, U.S, Pac, R. R. Expl., 1859, 340 (San Diego, California) ;
Giinther, Fish. Centr. “Amer., 1869, 489 (San José de Nicaragua); Giinther,
viii, 281, 1870 (San José, California); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat.
Mus., 1881, 274 (Punta San Ygnacio, Gulf of California); Jordan & Gilbert,
].c., 1880, 453 (San Diego, Cal.) ; Jordan & Gilbert, 1]. c¢., 1882, 631 (Panama) ;
Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U.S. Fish Comm., 1882, 108 (Mazatlan); Jordan & Gil-
bert, Syn. Fish, N. Am., 1883, 860. Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 392
(San Diego, Mazatlan); Jordan, Cat, Fish. N. Am., 140, 185. Rosa Smith,
Fishes of San Diego (San Diego).
Habitat.—Pacitic coast of Tropical America, San Diego to Panama.
All the specimens thus far known of this species are of large size
(about a foot in length). These differ from S. testudineus (annulatus)
only, so far as we can see, in the absence of prickles. With the knowl-
edge which we now have of the variations in this respect in S. spengleri,
we see little reason to doubt that Spheroides politus is simply the adult
form of S. testudineus annulatus. However, till this matter is clearly
proven, we may admit it as a doubtful species.
9. Spheroides testudineus.
a. Atlantic specimens (testudineus).
Ostracion oblongus glaber Artedi, Species 21, Genera 60. Balk, Amon. Acad., 1,
591, 1749.
Orbis levis variegatis (the Globe-fish) Catesby, Nat. Hist. Carol., 1743, pl. 28,
(‘‘ Virginia”).
Tetraodon testudineus Linnwus, Syst. Nat., Ed. X, 1753, 332 (based on Balk and
Artedi); Linnzus, Syst. Nat. Ed. xii, 1766, 410; Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1788,
1446 (copied); Walbaum, Artedi Piscium, 1792, 590 (copied); Giinther, viii,
282, 1570 (Jamaica, Dominica, St. Croix, Puerto Cabello, British Guiana,
Bahia); Poey, Enumeratio, 1575, 172 (Havana); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fishes.
N. A., 1853, 861 (West Indies): Bean, Cat. Intern. Fish. Exhib., 1883, 43, Indian
River, Fla.); Gill, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 421, Bean & Dresel, Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 1834, 151 (Jamaica); Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 372
(Panama); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 1885, 140 (not of Bloch, who has used
this name for an East Indian species).
Cirrosomus testudineus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 366 (Beau-
fort, N.C.); Goode, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 109 (Mouth of St. Johns, Fla).
Tetrodon punctatis Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 506 (Brazil) (description
inaccurate ?); Miiller & Troschel ‘‘in Schomburgk’s British Guiana, 111, 641,”
1842 (Guiana),
240 REVIEW OF TETRAODONTIDZ.
Tetrodon geometricus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 508 (based on Catesby)
Cuvier, Régne Animal, 11, 1828(name only); Cope, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
120, 1870 (Newport, Mexico, Panama).
Tetrodon ammocryptis Gosse, Nat. Soj. Jamaica, 287, 1851 (Jamaica).
Anchisomus reticularis (Kaup), Richardson, Voyage Herald, 1854, 161, pl. 31
(not Tetrodon reticularis Bloch & Schneider, which is Tetrodon testudineus of
Bloch, not of Linnzeus).
Tetrodon reticularis Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Society, 1871, 479 (St. Martins).
HRolacanthus leionothos Gronow, Syst. Nat,, Ed. Gray, 1854, 24.
Tetraodon bajacu Castlenau, Anim. Amér. Sud, Poiss., 98, 1855, pl. 47, f. 3.
Tetrodon punctatus Poey, Syn. Pisce. Cab., 1868, 432 (Havana).
b. Pacific examples, var. annulatus.
Tetrodon annulatus Jenyns, Zodl. Beagle, 1842, 153 (Galapagos Islands); Stein-
dachner, Ich. Beitr., v. 23 (Mazatlan).
Tetrodon testudineus annulatus Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 1885, 141,
Anchisomus geometricus (Kaup), ‘‘ Richardson, Voyage Herald, 156, 1854, pl. 30”
(Galapagos).
Tetrodon geometricus Giinther, Fish. Centr. Amer., 1868, 489 (Panama, Gala-
pagos).
Tetrodon heraldi Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., viii, 1870, 283 (Galapagos
Islands, Panama).
Tetrodon testudineus Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. 8. F. C., 1882, 111 (Panama);
Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 370 (Cape San Lucas); Jordan
& Gilbert, I. c., 381 (Panama).
Habitat.—Both coasts of Tropical America; var. testudineus, from Vir-
ginia to Bahia; var. annulatus from Gulf of California to Galapagos
islands.
This species is common through the West Indies and it ranges occa-
sionally northward, as far as the coast of Virginia. On the Pacific
coast it seems to be equally common.
We have seen from either coast only young examples of this species
(2 to 6 inches long) and all of these have the spines on the back and
belly well developed. The adult form, as elsewhere stated, is probably
the species called Sphwroides politus.
We have been unable to distinguish Atlantic specimens (testudineus)
from Pacific specimens (annulatus), but in deference to the opinion of
Dr. Giinther, we have separated the synonymy into two series, and we
have also indicated in the key the supposed differences of the two forms.
The extensive synonymy of this species needs no special remark. The
name testudineus is the earliest given binomially by Linnzeus to any
Tetrodont, and its application to the present species has been unques-
tioned since the error of Bloch and his copyists was corrected by Gtin-
ther. Both Linnzeus and Balk correctly describe the dark spots and
the pale curved lines or “sutures” on the back.
10. Spheroides formosus.
Tetrodon formosus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., viii, 183, 1870 (‘‘South
America’).
Habitat.—(** South America.”)
This species is known to us only from the description of Dr, Gtin-
f
|
|
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 241
ther, based on a single specimen. This description agrees fairly well
with S. testudineus in all respects except the color of the curved streaks
on the back. These markings are said to be dark, while in all the ex-
amples of S. testudineus which we have seen they are paler than the
ground color. Further comparison will probably show the absolute
identity of testudineus, annulatus, politus, and formosus, but for the
present, the last two may stand in our list as doubtful species.
II1.—TETRAODON.*
CRAYRACION Klein, Missus, iii, 18, 1742 (includes all the Tetrodontide, Diodontide,
etc.; the first species mentioned, “lavissimus,” being Lagocephalus lagocepha-
lus) (pre-Linnxan).
TETRAODON Hasselquist, ‘‘Iter Palestin., 1757, 400” (fahaka=lineatus L.) (pre-Lin-
nan).
TETRAODON Linneus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1758, 332 (in part; testudineus ; lineatus, lago-
cephalus, ete.).
Les Ovoides Lacépede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1,256, 1797 (commersonien ; names in French
only).
Ovum Bloch and Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 530 (commersoni ; name preoccupied in
mollusks).
TETRODON Swainson, Nat. Hist., Class’n Fishes, 1839, ii, 194,328 (testudineus Bloch=
reticularis ; no Linnean species included).
AROTHRON Miiller, Abhandl. Berl. Akad., 1839 (1841?) 252, (testudinarius—reticularis,
ete.).
TETRAODON Bibron, Revue de Zoologie, 1855, 279 (lineatus; patoca ; dorso-unicolor
Bibron MSS. ; bouwronensis Bibr. MSS.).
Les Dilobomyctéres (DILOBOMYCTER) Bibron, 1: ¢. (reticularis; hispidus ; maculatus ;
meleagris ; nigropunctatus ; mappa ; diadematus ; longicauda ; sordidus ; immacu-
latus).
Les Dichotomyctéres (DICHOTOMYCTER) Bibron, 1. ce. (fluviatilis).
? Les Ephippions (EpHirrrion) Bibron, 1. c. (maculatum Bibron MSS.).
BRACHYCEPHALUS Hollard, Etudes sur les Gymnodontes, 1857, 332 (includes Tetrao ;
don and Dichotomyctcr of Bibron, the former group being regarded as the type,
no species mentioned, but the type therefore properly T. lineatus.
CRAYRACION Bleeker, Atlas Ind. Ichth., Gymnodontes, 1867 (immaculatus, etc.) (after
Klein).
TETRODON Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 421 (lineatus=fahaka).
Type Tetraodon lineatus Linnzus.
In the subdivision of the old genus Tetraodon, there is some doubt as
to which of the several minor groups should retain the original name.
We may therefore glance for a moment at the history of the group.
The name Tetraodon first appears as a generic term, so far as known
to us, in Hasselquist’s Travels in Palestine, edited by Linneus, in 1757,
We have not examined this work, but our impression is that itis bino-
mial in form, and that the name Tetraodon is here associated only with
* This name, usually and preferably spelled Tetrodon, was originally given as Tetra-
odon by Linneus. The latter form should therefure be used.
Proc. N. M. 86 16 October 13, 1886.
242 REVIEW OF TETRAODONTIDA.
Tetraodon fahaka, the Tetraodon lineatus of the Systema Nature, and a
member of the group called Arothron. i
If this work of Hasselquist be taken in consideration, the name
Tetraodon must be assigned to the present group.
But the conventional starting point of binomial nomenclature is later,
and in the Systema Natur, Linneus includes all the species of the
present family known to him, in the genus Tetraodon.
We must then consider the later attempts at restriction of the group.
In 1839, Swainson made the first attempt at generie division.
Retaining the name Tetrodon for the bulk of the species (including
our genera Spheroides and Tetraodon), he separated from it Lagocepha-
lus, Leiodon (or Leisomus), Cirrhisomus, and Canthigaster (or Psilonotus).
The first and last of these were well defined. The others, Leiodon
(based on the absence of prickles) and Cirrhisomus (based on the pres-
ence of cirri), rest on characters of no systematic importance. Under
the generic name of Tetrodon, four species are mentioned as_ types.
Three of these belong to the Arothron group; the other is a Chelono-
don. But none of them are Linnean species, althéugh one of them
(testudineus Bloch, not L.) was supposed by Swainson to be such. If
we regard, with Dr. Gill, this subdivision to be properly a restriction
of the Linnean genus, the name 7ctraodon would again be synonymous
with Arothron. Butit may be objected that the Tetrodon of Swainson
contained no species known to Linneus, and hence its composition
cannot be considered as a proper restriction. This objection seems to
us a valid one.
The next subdivision seems to be that of Miiller (1841), who retained
the name of Zetrodon for none of his divisions.
Next (1855) we have the subdivision of Bibron.* By him the group
was divided into a large number of genera, part of them without defi-
nition and all of them with French names only. For one of his sections
the name Tetraodon was retained. This group, as arranged by Bibron,
included a single Linnean species as type. This one, lineatus, is a
imember of the group called by Miiller, Arothron. This seems to be
the first proper restriction of Tetrodon, and, so far as we ean see, it
must stand, making Tetraodon the equivalent of Arothron.
*We are indebted to Dr. E. J. Nolan, of Philadelphia, for the following list of
the nominal genera of Bibron and their constituent species:
Promécocephales Bib. T. argentatus, Lac.; lunaris Schn., spadiceus Richards, leviga-
tus, Lin., lagocephalus Bloch, non Lin. (Vespéce décrite par ce dernier est un
Rhyncote Bib.), inermis Schlegei ; (diagnosis given).
Stenometopes Bib. D. testudineus, Lin., Spengleri Bloch, Plumieri Lacép., marmora-
tus Lowe, angusticeps Jenyns, levissimus Bib., Kieneri Bib., binummulatus
Bib., Bernieri Bib., subflavus Bib., Pleei Bib. (no diagnosis).
Dilobomyciére Bib. T. reticularis Schn., hispidus Bloch, maculatus Lacep., meleagris
Lac., nigro-punctatus Schn., mappa Les., diadematus Riipp., longicauda Bib.,
sordidus Riipp., immacwatus Lacep., Rupelli Bib. (diagnosis given).
Tetraodon Bib. T. lineatus Lin., patoca Ham. (Buchanan), dorsounicolor Bib., Bou-
rouensis Bib. (diagnosis given).
_ 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 243
Later, 1857, Hollard worked over the material of Bibron, and adopted
—on skeletal characters only—an arrangement of genera, not unlike
that given in the present paper. His genera are Xenopterus (not Amer-
ican), Rhynchotus (= Canthigaster), Batrachops (= Colomesus), Brachy-
cephalus (= Tetraodon), Apsicephalus (= Spheroides and Lagocephalus),
Monotreta (not American). .
Hollard supplies a Latin form to the French names of Bibron, and
using the name Tetrodon as a general term, he places Bibron’s Tetraodon
as a subgenus under his own Brachycephalus.
In 1867, Bleeker, probably regarding lineatus as the proper type of
Tetraodon, seems to have suppressed the latter name as a synonym of
the name Crayracion used by Klein, before the date of the Systema
Nature. Other ichthyologists do not give Klein’s names precedence
over those of Linnzus, and under the rules of nomenclature which we
adopt, Crayracion must be disregarded.
In 1873, Professor Gill used the name Tetrodon as synonymous with
Lagocephalus, and in 1885 as synonymous with Arothron. In 1883, Jor-
dau and Gilbert regarded T. testudineus as its type, thus making it
synonymous with Spheroides.
It seems evident to us, from the above data, that it is best to regard
Tetraodon lineatus as the type of Tetraodon, and thus to make the latter
name the equivalent of Avothron.
The numerous species of Tetraodon belong chiefly to the East Indies,
but one being known from American waters.
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF TETRAODON.
a. Entire body, except snout and caudal peduncle, thickly beset with long, robust
quill-like spines, which are longest and most numerous on the belly. Snout
short, cuboid ; interorbital space wide, concave, its width greater than length
of snout, and nearly twice diameter of eye; nasal tentacle bifid to the base, the
inner surface of each division thickly covered with minute, cup-shaped depres-
sions, the openings of the nostrils. Length of tentacle half its distance from
eye and one-fourth diameter of eye. No cirri or dermal flaps or folds. D. 9,
A. 10. Color dark brown, everywhere above with round white spots, most
numerous on caudal peduncle, the largest half diameter of pupils; a dark area
around base of pectorals, bounded by a white line. Several parallel longi-
tudinal black streaks below pectorals. Size large (about 12 inches).
; ERETHIZON, 11.
Amblyrhynchotus Bib. T.Honckenii Bloch, oblongus Bloch, Richei Fréminville, albo-
guttatus Bib. (diagnosis given). i
Aphanacanthes Bib. T. reticulatus Bib. (no diagnosis).
Epipédorhynque Bib. T. Freycinetii Bib., Leschenaultii Bib., Gernertii Bib. (no diag-
nosis).
Geneion Bib. T.(G.) maculatum Bib. (diagnosis given).
Catophorhynque Bib. C. lampris Bib., longispinis Bib. (diagnosis given).
Batrachops Bib. 'T. psittacus, Schn. (Ostracion tetraodon Seba) (diagnosis given).
Monotreta Bib. T, cutcutia Ham. (Buchanan) (diagnosis given).
Dichotomycier Bib. T. fluviatilis Ham. (Buchanan) (no diagnosis).
Ephippion Bib. E. maculatum Bib. (diagnosis given).
Xenopctres Bib. X. Belangerii Bib. (diagnosis given). b
Ithynchotes Bib. T. Gronovii Cuy., margaritatus Riipp., striolatus Quoy et Gaim.
Peronii Bib., latero-fasciatus Bib. (diagnosis given).
244 REVIEW OF TETRAODONTID.
11. Tetraodon erethizon.
Arothron erethizon, Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 631 (Panama);
Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, 393 (Panama).
Habitat.—Panama fauna.
Six large specimens of this species were taken by Prof. Frank H.
Bradley at Panama. These are now in the museum of Yale College
and in the U. S. National Mnseum.
Several others were obtained in 1883 by Professor Gilbert. These
have been destroyed by fire. No young examples have been taken.
IV.—COLOMESUS.
. Les Batrachopes (BATRACHOPS)Y Bibron, Révue Zoblogique, 1855, 279 ( psittacus).
BATRACHOPS Hollard, Etudes sur les Gymnodontes, 1857, 321 (psittacus); (name pre-
occupied).
CoLoMEsus Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 422 ( psittacus).
Type Tetrodon psittacus Bloch & Schneider.
Our knowledge of this genus rests wholly on the figure of its typical
species given by Hollard. If this figure be correct, it represents a
strongly marked type, considered by Professor Gill as forming a dis-
tinct subfamily (Colomesine). The single known species inhabits fresh
waters.
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF COLOMESUS.
a. (Body covered with small, two-rooted spines, except on snout, around the pectoral
fin and on caudal peduncle; some spires behind dorsal in very old examples.
Spines on sides, with their points turned toward the back. Snout very obtuse,
its length less than the width of the interorbital space, which is convex. Eye
small, not one-third interorbital width. Brownish, with 6 dark cross-bands on
the back, the two bands between dorsal and pectoral sometimes confluent.)
PsiTTacus, 12.
12. Colomesus psittacus.
Tetrodon psittacus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 505, taf. 95 (‘‘ Mala-
bar”); Giinther, viii, 286, 1870. (Essequibo R., Surinam. Rio Capin,
Pari. )
Cheilichthys psittacus Miiller & Troschel, “ Schomburgk’s, British Guiana iii,
641” (Surinam); Steindachner, ‘‘ Verh, Zool,-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1861, taf.
Ato A
Batrachops psittacus Hollard, Etudes sur les Gymnodontes, 1857, 322.
Le Tetrodon perroquet Lacépede, 1, 217. (Copird.)
Cheilichthys asellus Miiller & Troschell, ‘‘Schomburgk Brit. Guiana, iii, 641.”
1842. (Surinam.) ‘
Habitat.—Rivers of Guiana and Brazil.
This species is known to us only through the descriptions above cited.
Among the American species, it seems to be the only one with fluviatile
habit.
V.—CANTHIGASTER.
CANTHIGASTER Swainson, Nat. Hist. Class’n Fishes, ii, 1839, 194 (diagnosis only; no
species mentioned).
PsILonoTus Swainson, Nat. Hist., Class’n Fishes, ii, 1839, 328 (rostratus : electricus)
(preoccupied in Hymenoptera),
1885.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 245
TRopIpicuTuys Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Nederl., Ind., iv, 1854 (valentini.)
ANOSMIUS Peters, Wiegmann’s Archiv, 1855, 274 (teniatus, ete. ).
Les Rynchotes (RHYNCHOTUS) Bibron, Revue de Zoologie, 1855, 279; (Gronovii; mar-
garitatus, striolatus : peronii, laterofasciatus. )
RuyNcHOoTUS Hollard, Etudes sur les Gymnodontes, 1857, 320 (peroni.)
ANOSMIUS Giinther, Cat. Fishes, Brit. Mus., viii, 300, 1570.
CANTHIGASTER Bleeker, Atlas. Ichth. Gymn., 1867. 80, ete.
PsiLtonotus Gill, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 421 (rosiratus.)
Type Tetrodon rostratus Bloch.
This genus is strongly marked as to its external characters, and still
more peculiar as to its skeleton. Professor Gill has lately raised it to
the rank of a separate family under the name of Psilonotide.
The proper name of the genus has been involved in some confusion,
owing to the use by Swainson of two different names for it.
On page 194 of his miserable work on the classification of fishes,
Swainson gives an analytical key to the genera, and applies to the
present group the name of Canthigaster (correctly written Acanthogas-
ter). No species are here mentioned by Swainson, but in this case his
diagnosis is accurate and sufficient. On page 328, these genera are
again defined, the present one in nearly the same way, but uuder the
name of Psilonotus. Two species (rostratus: electricus) are here men-
tioned as types.
Professor Gill has preferred to adopt the last-mentioned name, re-
garding Canthigaster as unidentifiable except through the medium of the
species mentioned under the diagnosis of Psilonotus. Dr. Bleeker has
preferred to take the earlier name of Canthigaster. In this case it is
certainly true that no doubt could exist as to what Swainson intended
to include under Canthigaster, even had the second diagnosis been
omitted; moreover, the name Psilonotus is preoccupied. We see, there-
fore, no sufficient reason for setting this name aside, objectionable as it
is.
The species of Canthigaster are somewhat numerous and belong mostly
to the East Indian fauna. Asa rule, they are smaller in size than most
of the other Tetrodonts.
'
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF CANTHIGASTER.
a. No black ocellus finder the dorsal fin.
b. Upper parts dark brownish, without white spots; caudal fin with its upper and
lower margins abruptly black; the middle of the fin pale, immaculate; an
irregular brownish band or series of dots from pectoral to upper margin of
caudal, continuous with the dark band on the latter, lower band of caudal
continued on lower side of tail; adult specimens (always?) with chestuut-
colored bands on the caudal peduncle and on the chin; dark streaks about
eye; abdomen with very small, two-rooted spines; body otherwise smooth ;
snout moderately produced, rather more than twice the concave interorbital
space; caudal fin slightly lunate; dorsal rays about 6. ...--- ROSTRATUS, 13.
bb. Upper parts everywhere bebind head covered with round whitish spots, not
larger than the pupil, and separated from each other only by a network of
the brown ground color; fins all unmarked, pale; spines on the belly and on
the front part of back; snout produced, its upper profile slightly concave.
Worsnlirays, Wiese ses ee iacls octsaws ic aic see sia/ecredels cess PUNCTATISSIMUS, 14.
246 REVIEW OF TETRAODONTIDZ.
13. Canthigaster rostratus.
Tetrodon rostratus Bloch, Naturg. der Fische, 1, pl. 146, Abt., 1782 («4 India ”’);
Gmelin, Systema Nature, 1788, 1447 (copied); Walbaum, Artedi Piscium,
1792, 593 (copied); Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth, 1801, 505 (copied) ; Tur-
ton, Syst. Nat., 1806, 891 (copied).
Tetrodon rostratus Giinther, viii, 303 (Madeira, Funchal, Porto Praya) ; Goode,
Am. Journ. Sci. Arts., 1877, 290 (Bermuda); Giinther, Shore Fishes Chal-
lenger, 9, 1880 (Bermuda).
Psilonotus rostratus Swainson, Nat. Hist. Fishes, ete., vol. ii, 328, 1859 (name
only).
Canthigaster rostratus Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1886 (Pensacola).
Le Tetrodon Museau-Allongé Lacépéde, Poissons, 1, 502, 1798 (copied).
Tetrodon capistratus Lowe, ‘‘ Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1839, 90” (Madeira).
Psilonotus (or Anchisomus) caudacinctus Richardson, “Voyage Herald, 1854,
162, pl. 30, f. 1-3.” (locality unknown).
Tetrodon caudacinctus Giinther, vili, 303, 1870 (copied).
Canthogaster caudicinclus Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1871, 479 (St. Martin’s).
Tetrodon caudacinctus Poey, Enumeratio, 1875, 73 (Havana).
Tetrodon ornatus Poey, Synopsis Pisc. Cubens, 1868, 433 (Havana); Giinther,
viii, 303, 1870 (St. Croix.)
Habitat—West Indian fauna. Pensacola to the Madeiras and Ber-
mudas.
This species is known to us only from a single young specimen taken
by Mr. Silas Stearns at Pensacola. This specimen agrees very closely
with Dr. Giinther’s description of 7. rostratus. It agrees also with the
T. ornatus of Poey in all respects except that there are no chestnut-
colored bars on the tail. According to Poey, however, these markings
are wanting in the young. There is not much doubt, therefore, of the
identity of 7. ornatus and T. rostratus. The Tetrodon caudacinctus is
not unlikely the same species, as Poey has supposed. Richardson’s
description does not apply so well to our specimen, however, as do those
of the other authors mentioned.
Dr. Giinther has identified this species with the Tetrodon rostratus
of Bloch. Bloch’s figure represents it very poorly. It is, however,
evidently drawn from some species of Canthigaster, and there is no
other one known so much like it as this. It must, however, be re-
garded as somewhat uncertain... If Bloch’s name be set aside on this
account, the present species may stand as Canthigaster capistratus.
14. Canthigaster punctatissimus.
Tetrodon punctatissimus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., VIII, 302, 1870 (Panama.
“South America”).
Psilonotus punctatissimus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 370
(Cape San Lucas). Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 141, 1885 (name only).
Tetrodon oxyrhynchus Lockington, Proc. Acad Nat. Sci., Phil., 1881, 116 (Gulf
of California).
Habitat.—Panama fauna. Gulf of California to Panama.
This species is known to us only from numerous specimens, the
largest, three inches in length, collected by John Xantus, at Cape San
Lucas.
1886. ]
RECAPITULATION.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
)
sod
47
(W=West Indian fauna; U=East coast United States; P=Panama fauna; C—West
coast United States.)
1. LAGOCEPHALUS Swainson.
1. Lagocephalus levigatus Linnzus.
2 SPHAROIDES Lacépéde.
MWfouN Wis
2. Spheroides pachygaster Miiller & Troschel. W. (Species unknown to late writers. )
3. Wren Ue
. Spheroides fiirthi Steindachner. P.
. Spheroides angusticeps Jenyns. P.
4
5
6. Spheroides spengleri Bloch. W. U.
7
8
Spheroides trichocephalus Cope.
. Spheroides maculatus Bloch & Schneider. U.
. Spheroides politus Girard. P.C.
of S. testudineus. )
Spheroides testudineus Linneeus. Pe Ui:
2: Wi
10. Spheroides formosus Giinther. W.
testudineus. »
3. TETRAODON Linneus.
11. Tetraodon erelthizon Jordan & Gilbert.
4. COLOMESUS Gill.
12. Colomesus psittacus Bloch. W.
5. CANTHIGASTER Swainson.
13. Canthigaster rostratus Bloch. W. U.
cluded in the synonymy.)
14. Canthigaster punctatissimus Giinther.
Ee
130
(Species imperfectly known.)
List of nominal species with identifications.
{Tenable specific names are in italics.]
(Doubtful species; probably the adult form
(Possibly includes two species,
testudineus (Atlantic) and annulatus (Pacific. )
(Doubtful species; probably a form of S.
(Perhaps more than one species in-
Nominal species. Date. Identification.
Metraodon testudineus, Linnweus-----=-.--se--)-- 2224-5 -se--- 1758 | Sphzroides testudineus.
Wetraodon levigatus, Linnweus -=----..-2-05.-0ss-+ tee ss-s 5 - 1766 | Lagocephalus levigatus.
pReimodonapengiet, Bloch... 2. lac. fen deseo eee e te eoeese ees 1782 | Spheroides spengleri.
otredon mosirvatus Bloch .5) sh. -.e ase tee es esos eae 1788 | Canthigaster rostratus.
Tetrodon hispidus var. maculatus, Bloch & Schneider- ...-- 1801 | Spher. “maculatus.
Tetrodon plumieri, Bloch & Schneider-.-....-....-..----.-- 1801 | Spheer. spengleri.
Tetrodon punctatus, Bloch & Schneider .........---.--..... | 1801 | ?Spher. testudineus.
Tetrodon geometricus, Bloch & Schneider 1801 | Spher. testudineus.
Tetrodon psittacus, Bloch & Schneider ....-.--...-----...-. 1801 | Colomesus psittacus.
Metrodon curvus, Mitchille 2 ss iGo ene are cease 2 88 1815 | Lagocephalus levigatus.
Tetrodon mathematicus, Mitchi]] ...-.-....-....-.......---- 1815 Lagoc. levigatus.
srecrodontnrcidus: Mitehilyss erie eee ean bake ci ee 1815 | Spher. maculatus.
Spheroides tuberculatus (Gacépede)cars ease heme sane 1831 | Spheer. spengleri.
fetrodon) Gapistratus, Lowelse-n nei su Meee ONE: 1839 | Canth. rostratus.
MHetradonimarmoratus,Ranzanie selene eee hays See 1840 | Spheer. spengleri.
Tetrodon pachy cephalus, PRANZAMI Si eee ea Glens Sse Aes 1840 | Lagoe. levigatus.
Tetrodon (Cheilichthys) pachygaster, Miiller & Troschel...| 1840 Spher. pachy caster.
Metrodonjangusticeps Jeuyuse soseee cee sae e ace eens ecko 1842 | Spher. augusticeps.
Aeprodon/annulatus: Jenynsle eee uel ennai Nan wea 1842 | Spheer. testudineus (annulatus).
Cheilichthys asellus, Miiller & Troschel ................---- 1842 | Colom. psittacus.
‘Tetrodon ammoeryptus, Gosse. - eS ie cyanea’ 1851 | Spher. testudineus.
Holacanthus melanothos, Gronuwe ie ere Ge cae 1854 | Lagoc. levigatus.
Holacanthus leionothos, Gronows we seeeeurae Nh Rie 1854 | Spheer. testudineus.
Psilonotus or Anchisomus caudacinatus, Richardson ...-... 1854 | Canth. rostratus.
iRetraodon! bajacul, Castelnany 322222202 222 kee ee ed. 1855 | Spher. testudinens.
etrodon politus Girard: Sass a ee ee ee 1859 | Spher. (testudineus) politns.
sefrodomlineolatus, Pooy s 29 3co2 oa. seen on esse he cueece ne 1868 | Lagoc. levigatus.
Tetrodon punctatus, POC Yrs eee mete ote ctevece enclose Spker. testudineus.
SRSErOGOMNOLD AGUS) OSV. 22 foe eee eet, Bnet Canth. rostratus.
Tetrodon trichocephalus, Cope teseetencece sense tcc amass Spher. trichocephalus.
Canthogaster lobatus, Steindachner Spher. angusticeps.
Tetrodon heraldi, Grin Ghery eam ee ee YN 0 Je: Spher testudineus (annulatus).
Tetrodon formosus, Giinther.-..... ree sac asic a see sctele ae Spher. formosus.
Tetrodon punctatissimus, Giinther
Tetrodon furthi, Steindachner
Tetrodon oxyrhynchus, Lockington
Tetrodon nephelus, Goode & Bean <2.5. 0028.05. i
Arothron erethizon, Jordan & Gilbert
Canth. punctatissimus.
Spher. fiirthi.
Canth. punctatissimus.
2 | Spheer. spengleri.
Tetraodon erethizon.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, January 25, 1886.
DESCRIPTION OF A MELANISTIC SPECIMEN OF BUTEO LATIS-
SIMUS (Wils).
By ROBERT RIDGWAY.
The melanistic plumage of Buteo latissimus having remained hith-
erto unknown, so far as the writer is aware, the following description
is presented of a specimen recently acquired by the National Museum
from Mr. J. W. Preston, of Baxter, Iowa. It is the only example which
the writer has seen, or indeed heard of, except the two others seen by —
Mr. Preston, as recorded farther on. ;
Melanistic 2 adult (No. 107,427, U.S. Nat. Mus., Crystal Lake, Hancock
County, Iowa, May 3, 1883; J. W. Preston): Plumage of head, neck,
and body, entirely continuous dark sooty brown, without the faintest
indication of markings, even on the lower tail-coverts or lining of the
wing; back darker, with a chalky cast in certain lights. Wings similar
to the general plumage, but somewhat lighter brown, on account of
paler, but not well defined, borders to the feathers; secondaries lighter
brown than the coverts, without trace of markings except near the end,
where crossed by a broad dusky subterminal band and very narrow
paler terminal margin; primaries uniform dusky brown on outer webs,
growing gradually blackish terminally; inner webs of the three outer
quills chiefly white anterior to their emargination (the portion near the
shaft brownish), the white crossed by several very distinct but irregular
bands of blackish ; inner webs of remaining primaries, and also of sec-
ondaries, brown, with a greater or less number (according to the length
of the feather) of dusky bands, the webs mottled with whitish along
the edge. Upper tail-coverts with concealed pale grayish broad bars
(approaching white in places), there being about two bars on each
feather. Tail black, narrowly tipped with grayish brown, crossed at
about 1.50 inches from the end by a broad band (about 1 inch wide) -
of brownish gray, becoming white on edges of inner webs, and approach-
ing white on the anterior portion of the band on the middle rectrices ;
another much narrower and much less distinct dull grayish band crosses
the tail about 4.75 inches from the tip, the portion on inner webs more
or less whitish on some of the feathers, but on none extending clearly
to the edge of the web; extreme base of the tail light sooty grayish.
Feathers of the head, neck, and body, above and below, sooty gray be-
neath the surface, the extreme base even scarcely approaching white;
the feathers of the entire occiput, however, abruptly snow-white for
about the basal half. Forehead entirely sooty blackish, but anterior
portion of the lores grayish white, finely streaked with black.
Wing, 11.50; wing formula, 3, 4-5-2-6-7-8-9, 1,10; outer three pri-
maries abruptly and deeply emarginated on inner webs; tail, 7.00; cul-
men, .S0; tarsus, 2.40; middle toe, 1.40.
248
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 249
This specimen presents an exceedingly close general resemblance to
the browner examples of Buteo fuliginosus Scl., which is said to be the
melanistic phase of B. brachyurus Vieill. An adult female of B. fulig-
inosus differs, however, as follows :—
Dimensions.
Wing. | Tail. | Culmen. |, A¢Pthof | Tarsus. | Mid. toe. |
BS LATS SENIUUS ic = Ace ayatarels 11. 50 7. 00 80 . 68 2.40 1.40
B. fuliginosus ...-.---. 12. 00 6. 60 . 80 70 Za20 1,55
Wing formula,
B. latissimus: 3, 4-5-2-6-7-8-9, 1, 10. Both with only three outer primaries
B. fuliginosus: 3=4-5, 2-6-7-8, 1-9-10. ) emarginated on inner webs.
Color.
B. latissimus.—Forehead dark fuliginous; tail with two broad bands of brownish
gray.
B. fuliginosus.—Forehead white, with blackish shaft-streaks; tail with five or more
narrow bands of brownish gray.
Mr. Preston, writing under date of January 25, 1886, says: ‘ This is
the third specimen that I have seen. Twelve years since my attention
was called toa peculiar little black hawk flying with a number of B. penn-
sylvanicus |t. e. latissimus],and from that time until the capture of this spe-
cimen I had looked for another in vain. In the spring of 1884 I came very
near securing another, which was in migration with others of the species.
The present example was shot by myself in a small oak grove on Crys-
tal Lake, Hancock County, Iowa, May 3, 1883. A number of Broad-
wings were sheltering in the woods at the time, as a cold storm pre-
vailed. While attempting to get nearer one of them this bird flew
from a small tree near me, and as its color was peculiar I secured it, and
found it to be my long-sought-for ‘Black Hawk.’ Dissection proved it
to be an adult female, with ova much enlarged. My measurements were
lost, but I remember the iris to have been red.”
SUPPLEMENT TO THE LIST OF MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC INVER-
TEBRATE TYPES IN THE COLLECTIONS OF THE NATIONAL
MUSEUM.
By JOHN BELKNAP MARCOU.
This list contains a few additional types found during the arrange-
ment of the remainder of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic invertebrate col-
lections of the National Museum, with the addition of a few new ones
lately published.
I am indebted to Mr. R. T. Hill for his assistance in finding some of
these types.
LIST OF WORKS REFERRED TO.
U. S. N. Ast. Exp. 8. Hem. Vol. II=The U. S. Nayal Astronomical Expedition to
the Southern Hemisphere during the years 1849~’50~51—52, Lieut. J. M. Gilliss, Su-
perintendent. Vol. Il, House of Representatives, Thirty-third Congress, first ses-
sion, Ex. Doc. No. 121. Washington, 1855.
Rep. Expl. Expd. in 1859 by Capt. J. N. Macomb=Report of the Exploring Expe-
dition from Santa Fé, New Mexico, to the Junction of the Grand and Green Rivers
of the Great Colorado of the West, in 1859, under the command of Capt. J. N. Ma-
comb, Corps of Topographical Engineers (now Colonel of Engineers); with Geologi-
cal Report by Prof. J. 8. Newberry, Geologist of the Expedition. Washington, D.C.
JURASSIC SPECIES.
Ammonites ? Conrad.
U.S. N. Ast. Exp. 8. Hem. vol. ii (not described, but figured), pl. xii, fig.5. Mus.
No. 5120.
Cucullzea Haguei Meek.
Rep. Geol. Expl. 40th Parallel, vol. iv, part 1, pp. 134, 135, pl. xii, figs. la, b.
Mus. No. 12546.
Cyprina ? Dallii White.
Juras. Neocomian, Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. i, No. 4, p. 102, pl. vi, fig. 1. Mus.
No. 19266.
Lithotrochus Andii (D’Orbigny sp.) Conrad.
U.S.N. Ast. Exp. S. Hem., vol. ii, p. 283, pl. xli, fig.3. Mus. No. 5119,
Ostrea (Alectryonia) procumbens White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreide N. A., p. 290, pl. xxxv, figs. 6,7,and 8 Mus. No. 8355.
Ostrea gregaria (Sowerby) Conrad.
U.S.N. Ast. Exp. S. Hem., vol. ii, p. 283, pl. xli, fig.1. Mus. No, 5117.
Ostrea irregularis (Munster) Conrad.
U.S.N. Ast. Exp. S. Hem., vol. ii, p. 283, pl. xlii, fig.9. Mus. No. 5116.
Ostrea strigilecula White.
Rep. Geogr. & Geol. Expl. & Surv. w. 100th Meridian, vol. iv, p. 163, pl. xii;
figs. 3a-d. Rev. Foss. Ostreide N. A., p. 289, pl. xxxv, figs. 9-11. Mus. No.
8581.
Pecten (Neithea) alatus (Von Buch) Conrad.
U.S.N. Ast. Exp. S. Hem., vol. ii, p. 283, pl. xli, fig. 2. Mus. No. 5107.
Terebratula meridionalis Conrad.
U.S.N. Ast. Exp. S. Hem., vol. ii, p. 282,, pl. xlii, ee 10. Mus. No. 5121.
250
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 251
Terebratula subexcavata Conrad.
U.S.N. Ast. Exp. S. Hem., vol. ii, p. 282, pl. xli, fig. 4. Mus. No. 5109.
Terebratula subtetraedra Conrad.
U.S. N. Ast. Exp. S. Hem., vol. ii, p. 282, pl. xlii, fig. 8. Mus. No. 5118.
CRETACEOUS SPECIES.
Cardium curtum Meek and Hayden.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philad., vol. xiii, p. 442 (not figured). Mus. No. 1917.
Cerithium Pillingi White.
Bull U. 8. Geol. Sarv., No. 22, p. 13, pl. v, figs. 3-6. Mus. No. 13408.
Cerithium totium sanctorum White.
Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 22, p. 13, pl.v, figs. 12, 18. Mus. No. 13409.
Coralliochama orcutti White.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Sury., No. 22, pp. 10-12, pls.i-vi. Mus. No. 12698.
Enclimatoceras (Nautilus) Ulrichi White.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., vol. 1, No. 4, p. 105, pls. vii-ix. Mus. Nos. 8349 and
12346.
Exogyra aquila (Goldfuss) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidz N. A., p. 304, pl. liii, figs. 1 and 2. Mus. No. 9609.
Exogyra arietina (Roemer) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidz N. A., p. 303, pl. lvi, figs. 3-5. Mus. No. 9866.
Exogyra costata (Say) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreide N.A.,p. 304, pl. lvi, fig.1, and pl. lvii, figs. 1 and 2,
Mus. Nos. 1744 and 2213.
Exogyra costata (Say) var fluminis White.
Rep. U.S. Geogr. and Geol. Surv. west 100th Meridian, vol.iv, part 1, p. 174,
pl. xvii, figs. 3a-d. Mus. No. 8654.
Exogyra leviuscula (Roemer) White.
Rep. U. S. Geogr. and Geol. Sury. west of 100th Meridian, vol. iv, part 1, p.
183, pl. xvii, figs, 2a-d, and Rev. Foss. Ostreide N.A.,p. 305. pl. lii, fig. 5.
Mus. No. 8646.
Exogyra Walkeri White.
11th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., p. 278, pl. i, figs. 1a, b, and
Rev. Foss. Ostreide N.A., p. 307, pl. liv, figs. 1 and 2. Mus. No. 8039.
Gervillia recta (M. & H.) Meek.
Cret. No. 5, Rep. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4°, vol. ix, pp. 66, 67.
(pl. xxix, figs. la, b). Mus. No. 7843.
Gryphea pitcheri (Morton) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidz N. A., p. 302, pl. xlix, figs. 1-3. Mus, No. 9733.
Gryphea vesicularis (Lamarck) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidw N. A., p. 303, pl. xliii, figs. 1-5. Mus. No. 2340.
Inoceramus deformis Meek.
4th Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., p. 296 (not figured). Mus.
No. 7744.
Inoceramus umbonatus Meek.
Cret. No. 2, Rep. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4°, vol. ix, p. 44, pl.
iii, figs. la-c; pl. iv, figs. la, b, and 2a, b. Mus. Nos. 480, 2038, and 2039.
Lucina profunda White.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. iii, pp. 158, 159, and vol. iv, p. 138, pl. —, figs. 5, 6.
Mus. No. 8362.
252 MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC INVERTEBRATES.
Margaritana nebrascensis Meek.
Cret. No. 1, Rep. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4, vol. ix, pp. 114, 115, pl.
i, figs. 5a-c, and Rev. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 21, pl. iv, figs. 1 and 2.
Mus. No. 7719.
? White.
Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 22, p. 12, pl. v, figs. 7,8. Mus. No. 13411.
Ostrea (Alectryonia) Blackii White.
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. ii, p. 293 (not fignred specimen), 12th Ann. Rep,
U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., p. 11, pl. xvii, fig. 5, and Rev. Foss. Os-
treide N. A., p. 292 (not the figured specimen). Mus. No. 8024.
Ostrea (Alectryonia) larva (Lamarck) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreide N. A., p. 296. pl. xlii, figs. 2-9. Mus. No. 2401.
Ostrea carinata (Lamarck) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidx N. A., p. 293, pl. xliii, figs. 2-4. Mus. No. 18616.
Ostrea diluviana (Linnzus) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreide N. A., p.295, pl. xl, fig. 1, and pl. xl, figs.1 and 2. Mus.
No. 8300.
Ostrea elegantula Newberry.
Rep. Expl. Exp. in 1859, by Capt. J.N. Macomb, p. 33, and Rev. Foss. Ostrei-
dz N.A., p. 295, pl. xxxvi, figs,5-7. Mus. No. 18611.
Ostrea plumosa (Morton) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidz N. A., p. 299, pl. xxxvii, figs.5,6. Mus. No. 18602.
Ostrea testicostata (Gabb) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreida N.A., p.301, pl. 1, figs. 3 and 4. Mus. No. 18613.
Ostrea vomer (Morton) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidz N. A., p. 302, pl. xlviil, figs. 8-10. Mus. No. 2414.
Pachymya austinensis (Shumard) White.
1ith Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., p. 298, pl. viii, fig. 1b.
Mus. No. 8043,
Pteria (Oxytoma) erecta White.
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vol. iii, pp. 157-158, and vol. iv, p. 139, pl.—, figs.7 and
8. Mus. No. 8771.
Solarium wallalense White.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., No. 22, p. 14, pl. v, figs. 1 and 2. Mus. No. 13412.
Solemia bilex White. i
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. iii, p.158, and vol iv, p.139, pl.—, fig.9. Mus. No.
8913.
Tancredia americana (M. & H.) Meek.
Cret. No. 5, Rep. U. S. Geol.and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4to, vol. ix,p. 142, pl.
XxXXxviil, figs. 1b-e. Mus. Nos. 186 and 2017.
Trochus (Oxystele) euryostomus White.
Bull. U. &. Geol. Surv., No. 22, p. 12, pl. v., figs. 9-11. Mus. No. 13410.
? Meek.
6th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Sury. Terr., pp. 444 and 476 (not figured
nor described, but mentioned). Mus. No. 7868.
Nerita
Unio
LARAMIE SPECIES.
Anomia gryphorhyncus (Meek) White.
Rey. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 16 or 422, pl. xii, fig. 15. Mus. No. 9050.
Bulinus ? rhomboideus (M. & H.) Meek.
Rep. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4to, vol. ix, p. 542, pl. xliii, fig. 17; Rev.
Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 45 or 451, pl. xxv, fig.9. Mus. No. 19181.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 253
Corbicula umbonella (Meek) White.
Rev. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 32 or 438, pl. xxi, figs. 7-10. Mus. No. 12468.
Corbula subtrigonalis (M. & H.) Meek.
Rep. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4to, vol. ix, pp. 529-530, pl. x1, figs. 3a—b
and Rev. Non-Marine Foss. Moll. p. 36, pl. xix, fig. 10. Mus. No. 2183.
Goniobasis macilenta White.
12th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., p. 93, pl. xxx, fig. 10a, and
Rev. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 56, pl. vi, fig. 12. Mus. No. 1916.
Goniobasis ? subtortuosa (M. & H.) Meek.
Rep. U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4to, vol. ix, p. 569, pl. xlii, figs. 17a,
b, and figs. 75 and 76, p. 569. Rev. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 57 or 463,
pl. xxvii, fig. 34. Mus. No. 19180.
Melania wyomingensis (Meek) White.
12th Ann. Rep. U. 8. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., p. 95, pl. xxviii, figs. 6a, b.
Rev. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 54 or 460, pl. xxvi, figs. 1,2. Mus. No.
9018.
Ostrea glabra (M. & H.) White.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidz N. A., p. 307, pl. Ixi, figs. 2 and 3. Mus. No. 11889.
Physa kanabensis White.
Rep. Geol. Eastern Uinta Mts., J. W. Powell, p. 119 (not figured). Mus. No.
8890.
Unio priscus (M. & H.) Meek.
Rep. U. 8. Geol. and Geogr. Surv. Terr., 4, vol. ix, p. 516, pl. xlili, figs. 8a, b,
and d. Rev. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p.26 or 432, pl. xiv, fig. 1. Mus.
Nos. 2162 and 2180.*
Unio vetustus (Meek) White.
Rev. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 24 or 430, pl. vii, figs. 2-4. Mus. No 8147.
EOCENE SPECIES.
Anodonta decurtata Conrad.
Amer, Jour. Conch., vol. vi, p. 200, pl. xi, fig. 8, and Rev. Non-Marine Foss.
Moll., p.73, pl. xxix, tigs. 27 and 28. Maus. No. 13574.
Cardita planicosta (Lamarck) White.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 18, pp. 7-9, pl. i, figs. 1-3. Mus. No. 13405.
Limnea (Leptolimnza) minuscula White.
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. iii, p. 160, and Rey. Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 40, pl.
xxix, figs. 24 and 25. Mus. No. 8907.
Ostrea compressirostra (Say) Heilprin.
Rey. Foss. Ostreid N. A., p. 309, pl. lxv, figs. 1 and 2. Mus. No. 18597.
Ostiea selleeformis (Conrad) Heilprin.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidie N. A., p. 311, pl. Lxii, figs. 1 and 2, and pl. xiii, fig. 1. Mus.
No. 18598.
Ostrea thirse (Gabb) Heilprin. :
Rev. Foss. Ostreidw N. A., p. 311, pl. lxili, figs. 4-6. Mus. No. 570.
Ostrea vicksburgensis (Conrad) Heilprin.
Rev. Foss. Ostreide . A., p. 312, pl. lsiii, figs.2 and 3. Mus. No. 6182.
Physa pleromatis White.
Rep. Geogr. & Geol. Sury. west 100th meridian, vol. iv, part i, p. 211, pl. xxi,
figs. la, b. Rey, Non-Marine Foss. Moll., p. 44, or 450, pl. xxx, figs. 6,7, and 8,
Mus. Nos. 8867 and 8876.
* Mus. No. 2180 are the specimens from which the composite figures 8a, b are made up.
254 MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC INVERTEBRATES.
MIOCENE SPECIES.
Helix (Aglaia) fidelis (Gray) White.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 18, p. 14, pl. iii, figs. 1-3. Mus. No. 13400.
Helix (Monodon) Dallii Stearns (Ms.).
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 18, pp. 14, 15, pl. iii, figs. 4-6. Mus. No. 13401.
Helix (Patula) perspectiva (Say) White.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 18, p. 14, pl. iii, fig. 7. Mus. No. 13402.
Gonostoma Yatesii (Cooper) White.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 18, p. 16, pl. iii, figs. 8-12. Mus. No. 13403.
Ostrea subfalcata (Conrad) Heilprin.
Rev. Foss. Ostreidz N.A., p. 313, pl. xlviil, figs. 1-3. Mus. No. 1668.
Unio condoni White.
Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 18, pp. 13, 14, pl. ii, figs. 1-3. Mus. No. 13404.
POST-TERTIARY AND TERTIARY SPECIES OF DOUBTFUL AGE.
Ostrea lurida (Carpenter) Heilprin.
Post-Pliocene Rev. Foss. Ostreidw N. A., p. 316, pl. lxii, figs. 3 and 4. Mus. No.
18614.
1486.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 255
CATALOGUE OF THE COLLECTION OF RECENT ECHINI IN THE
UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM (CORRECTED TO JULY 1,
1886).
By RICHARD RATHBUN.
INTRODUCTION.
The following catalogue is: published for a twofold purpose. First,
in order to secure a permanent record of the species and specimens of
Echini contained in the U. 8S. National Museum, which have now, with
few exceptions, been completely identified and labeled; and second,
to present in convenient form for reference such data as that collection
affords respecting the distribution of the numerous members of that
group.
The National Museum collection of Echini is second, in this country,
only to that of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard Col-
lege, both in size and comprehensiveness, but we have no means of
comparing it with European collections, although it is probably ex-
celled by few, if any, in the old world. It now contains 152 species
that have been determined, but many species are represented by large
Series of specimens, covering a wide range of distribution, both geo-
graphical and bathymetrical, and thus affording excellent opportunities
for the study of variation under different conditions of environment.
The materials composing this collection have been derived from many
sources, and credit is given in the list to all contributors, but a few of
these are deserving of special mention,
The most important contributions have been made by the U.S. Fish
Commission, beginning in 1871 and continuing down to date. The
explorations of this Commission have extended along the eastern coast
of North America, from the Grand Bank of Newfoundland to the
northern coast of South America, and from the littoral zone into the
deepest water yet recorded off the Atlantic coast of the United States.
At the south, they have. covered a large part of the Gulf of Mexico
and Caribbean Sea, including the shores of several of the West Indian
Islands and the Bahamas. Interesting specimens from the fishing banks
of Eastern North America have been received, through the Commis-
sion, from the Gloucester fishermen, many of whom were constantly
engaged in making collections in its behalf, from 1878 to 1880. Not
all of the Echini collected by the Fish Commission have yet been
turned over to the Museum, but representatives of nearly all the
species obtained and the bulk of the specimens have already been sent
in. The number of species with which the Commission is credited
on the following pages is 54.
Of the interesting deep-sea collections made by the U.S. Coast Survey
steamer Blake, under the supervision of Mr, Alexander Agassiz, off
the eastern coast of the United States, and in the Gulf of Mexico and
256 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
Caribbean Sea, from 1877 to 1880, the Museum has received a nearly
complete series of all the species. Many specimens have also been
obtained from the southern and western coasts of Florida by Mr. Henry
Hemphill and Dr. Edward Palmer, who spent considerable time in that
region, in the service of the Musenm, from 1883 to 1885.
For Alaskan Echini the Museum is chiefly indebted to Mr. William
H. Dall, who, during his several visits to Alaska and the adjacent waters
of Siberia, made very extensive collections both from the shore and by
dredging, thereby securing an exceedingly large number of specimens
of this group. Other materials from the Alaskan region have been
sent in by observers of the U.S. Signal Service, by the officers of the
U.S. revenue steamer Corwin, and by several naval officers.
From the western coast of North America south of Alaska, valuable
specimens have been contributed by Mr. J. G. Swan, from Puget Sound,
Neeah Bay, and British Columbia; by Prof. D. 8. Jordan, while in the
service of the U.S. Fish Commission, from Washington Territory and
California; by Mr. A. Forrer and Prof. R. E. C. Stearns, from Califor-
nia, Lower California, and Mexico; by Mr.-John Xantus and Mr. L.
Belding, from Lower California and Mexico; and by Lieut. Commander
H. E. Nichols, U.S. N., from various sources. The collection of Echini
obtained by Mr. John Xantus at the southern extremity of California
was, at the time it was made (1859 to 1861), one of the most important
that had been procured from that region, and a ‘large number of his
specimens are still preserved in the Museum in good condition.
So far as the writer is aware, no account has ever been published of
the collection of Echini made by the Wilkes United States Exploring
Expedition around the world, from 1838 to 1842, and it is now impossi-
ble to determine how extensive that collection may have been. The
very valuable zoological materials obtained on that cruise, including the
Crustacea and Zoophytes deseribed by Dana and the Mollusks described
by Gould, did not come into the possession of the Museum until several
years after they left the hands of the naturalists engaged in studying
them, and in the mean time they suffered greatly from the destruction
of specimens and the loss of labels, due to insufficient accommodations
in the store rooms in which they were kept. They received further
damage at the time of the Smithsonian fire in 1865, and at the burning
of the museum of the Chicago Academy of Science in 1871. Only a
few specimens of Echini that can be referred to that Expedition have
been found in the Museum collection, and these are all denuded tests,
mostly without other indication of their origin than the simple inserip-
tion “U.S. Ex. Ex.,” written directly upon the specimen.
The Eechini collected by the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, Dr.
William Stimpson naturalist, from 1853 to 1856, fared somewhat better,
notwithstanding the fact that the Crustaceans and Mollusks were al-
most entirely destroyed in the great Chicago fire above referred to.
This expedition visited numerous islands in the Pacific Ocean, and the
eastern coast of Asia as far north as Kamtchatka and Bering Strait;
‘i
1886.]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 257
but marine collecting was limited to the littoral zone and the shallow
waters near shore. The Echini were described by Mr. Alexander Agas-
siz in the following paper:
Synopsis of the Echinoids collected by Dr. W. Stimpson on the North Pacific Ex-
ploring Expedition, under the command of Captains Ringgold and Rodgers. Jour.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, pp. 352-361. f
Forty-three species in all were enumerated, and a few new species
described. Two of these species have since been regarded as varieties
of others contained in the same list, reducing the total number to 41.
Of this collection only 27 species are now positively known to be in the
National Museum, although specimens of some of the other species have
since been received from other sources. Following is a corrected list
of the species mentioned by Mr. Agassiz, those in italics being still in
the museum :
Phyllacanthus dubia.
imperialis.
Arbacia pustulosa.
Diadema setosum.
Centrostephanus Rodgersii.
Temnopleurus Hardwickii.
Temnopleurus Reynaudi.
toreumaticus.
Microcyphus maculatus.
Mespilia globulus.
Echinothrix turcarum.
Colobocentrotus atratus.
Mertensii.
Heterocentrotus mammillatus.
Echinometra lucunter.
Parasalenia gratiosa.
Strongylocentrotus depressus.
Phymosoma crenulare.
Echinus angulosus.
Hipponoé variegata.
Echinocyamus pusillus.
Fibularia australis.
Laganum Putnami.
Peronella decagonalis.
Drobachiensis. Echinarachnius mirabilis.
eurythrogrammus. parma.
globulosus. Echinodiscus levis.
intermedius. Rotula Rumphii.
nudus. Maretia alta. .
purpuratus. Lovenia subcarinata.
tuberculatus. Echinocardium australe.
Spherechinus granularis. Paleostoma mirabilis.
pulcherrimus.
During the past few years, very valuable contributions of Echini have
been made by Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N., from the islands of the Cen-
tral and Southern Pacific Ocean, and the west coast of South America,
including the Galapagos Islands. The collections received from Dr.
Jones have been mainly preserved in alcohol, and include many fine
and carefully prepared specimens. Several interesting species from
China and Japan have been received from Dr. F. C. Dale, U.S. N., and
Mr. P. L. Jouy, naturalists of the U.S. 8S. Palos, surveying in those
waters, and small collections have been donated from time to time by
other naval officers stationed in foreign countries.
European materials have been obtained mostly by exchange with the
Bergen Museum, Norway, the Rev. A. M. Norman, of England, and Prof.
C. Mobius, of Kiel, Germany.
The synonymy of the species of Echini has been published in such
detail by Mr. Alexander Agassiz that it has been deemed inexpedient
Proc. N. M. 86 17 October 13, 1886.
258 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
to give in this list more than the name by which each species is now
designated, together with the authority for the combination used. The
classification and nomenclature of Mr. Agassiz have been strictly fol-
lowed, and those who desire further information on the subject are
referred to the following monographs by that author:
Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative
Zoology, at Harvard College, No. VII. Memoirs, Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. iii. In four
parts, text and plates. Cambridge, 1872~74. _
Reports on the Results of Dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in
the Gulf of Mexico (1877~’78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878~’79), and along the Atlantic
Coast of the United States (1880), by the U. S. Coast Survey steamer ‘‘ Blake,” Lieut.-
Com. C. D. Sigsbee, U. S. N., and Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. 8. N., commanding.
XXIV. Part I. Report on the Echini. By Alexander Agassiz. Mem. Mus. Comp.
Zool., vol. x, No. 1, pp. 1-94, 32 plates, 1883.
Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M.S. Challenger during the
years 1873~76. Zoology. Vol. iii. Partix. Report on the Echinoidea. 1881.
Notes are given with only a few species, as the greater part of the
material contained in the collection has already been discussed in one
connection or another, though mostly in brief reports covering special
collections or limited faunal regions. The report upon the Echini of
the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, by Mr. Agassiz, has been men-
tioned above. Subsequently Mr. Agassiz examined the entire collec-
tion of Echini belonging to the National Museum, in connection with
the preparation of his ‘ Revision of the Echini,” in which many refer-
ences to this collection will be found. The Blake Echini are described
in the second monograph of Mr. Agassiz, above cited. Prof. A. K.
Verrill has described or noticed all the species collected by the U. 8.
Fish Commission on the Atlantic coast of the United States, north of
Cape Hatteras, in numerous papers, each generally covering the explo-
rations of a single season. In the following report to the U.S. Fish
Commissioner, Professor Verrill has fully discussed the species known
from the Southern New England coast up to 1872 :
Report upon the Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound and Adjacent Waters, ete.
Report U. S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries, Part I, for 1871 and 1872 (1874), pp. 295-478.
The subsequent notices of Echini by Professor Verrill have mostly
appeared in the American Journal of Science since 1872, in the series
of papers entitled “ Brief Contributions to Zoology from the Museum
of Yale College.” These have been mainly devoted to preliminary ac-
counts of the explorations of the Fish Commission from year to year,
with brief descriptions of the marine invertebrates.
The Echini collected by the Fish Commission in the Gulf of Mexico
and Caribbean Sea have been noticed by the writer in the last volume
of these Proceedings, as follows:
Report upon the Echini collected by the United States Fish Commission sleamer
Albatross in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico, January to May, 1884. By Rich-
ard Rathbun. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., viii, pp. 83+89, 1885.
Report upon the Echini collected by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer Albatross in
the Gulf of Mexico, from January to March, 1885. By Richard Rathbun. Proce. U.
S. Nat. Mus., viii, pp. 606-620, 1885.
1886.] . PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 259
An important work of reference with respect to the Echini of the
west coast of America is the following by Prof. A. E. Verrill:
Notes on the Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with Descriptions of new
Genera and Species. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., vol. i, part 2, pp. 247-618,
pls. iv—x, 1867—’71.
In the present catalogue, the arrangement of the record of specimens
under each species is mainly in accordance with the plan that bas gen-
erally been followed by the Departments of Fishes and Marine Inverte-
brates in preparing National Museum lists, excepting that the writer
has found it more convenient for reference to place the Museum eata-
logue numbers at the end of each entry, inclosed in parentheses, instead
of before it. The entries are arranged geographically from the north
toward the south, and are frequently grouped under a few geographical
headings to facilitate reference and to permit of brevity. Where species
are represented from the Atlantic coasts of both Europe and America,
the specimens from the former country are first recorded; and where,
as in the case of Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensis, we have species com-
mon to both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, the former region is given
preference over the latter in the list. ,
With the Fish Commission specimens, the locality is generally given
first, followed by the depth of water, the character of the bottom,
the number of the dredging station, and, finally, the National Museum
catalogue number. Where specimens are combined from several sta-
tions, this order is not always followed.
The following general abbreviations have been used: U.S. Fish
Comim., for U.S. Fish Commission; U.S. Expl. Exped., for the Wilkes
United States Exploring Expedition; N. Pae. Expl. Exped., for the
North Pacific Exploring Expedition; Mus. Comp. Zool., for the Museum
of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College; fath., for fathoms; sta.,
for station.
The abbreviations employed to designate the character of the bottom
immediately following the depth of water are explained in the follow-
ing table:
Materials. | Colors. | Other qualities.
C. for clay. | bk. for black. brk. for broken.
Cr. for coral. | bn. for brown. crs. for coarse.
F. for foraminifera. bu. for blue. fne. for fine.
G. for gravel. dk. for dark. glb. for globigerina.
M. for mud. _gn. for green. hrd. for hard.
O. for ooze. gy. for gray. rky. for rocky.
P. for pebbles. lt. for light. sft. for soft.
R. for rocks. rd. for red. sml. for small
8. for sand. wh. for wiite.
Sh. for shells.
Spg. for sponges.
St. for stones.
|
The writer is under many obligations to Mr. Alexander Agassiz for
the opportunity of making comparisons with the unrivaled collection
of Echini at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and for personal
assistance in identifying several difficult species. He is also greatly
indebted to Mr. J. Walter Fewkes, of the same museum, for kind assist-
ance in his work at the time of making these comparisons.
260 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
CATALOGUE.
Suborder DESMOSTICHA Heckel.
Family CIDARID Miiller.
Subfamily GoNIocIDARIDa Heckel.
CIDARIS Klein.
1. Cidaris metularia Blainville.
Zanzibar, Africa; Cheney, Mus. Comp. Zoology (3589).
Unknown locality (3439).
2. Cidaris Thouarsii Valenciennes.
Puerto Balandre, Gulf of California; W. J. Fisher, Stearns’s Coll. (10007).
Lower California:
La Paz; L. Belding (5391); A. Forrer, 1885 (10011).
Cape St. Lucas; John Xantus (2470, 3488).
Western coast of Mexico; A. Dugés (12580).
Panama; Sternberg (2363, 2364, 2865, 2366, 2369); Capt. J. M. Dow ? (3541).
Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. N., 1884 (8730, 8748).
West coast of North America; Lieut. Comdr. H. E. Nichols, U.S. N., 1881 (6744).
3. Cidaris tribuloides Blainville.
Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas; U. S. Fish Comm., 1886 (14528).
Florida (2473); Indian Key, Hemphill (14309); Key Vaccas, Hemphill (14310).
Off Key West, Florida; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 24° 25’ 30” N., long. 81° 47’ 45” W., 50 fath. ; sta. 2316 (10703).
Lat. 24° 26’ N., long. 81° 48! 15” W., 37 fath., Cr.; sta, 2315 (10702).
Lat. 25° 04’ 30’ N., long. 82° 59’ 15’ W., 26 fath., S.; sta. 2414 (10698).
Off the Dry Tortugas, Florida; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A, Agassiz, 1877-78:
Lat, 24° 43’ N., long. 83° 25’ W., 37 fath.; sta. 11 (6824).
Lat. 24° 34’ N., long. 83° 16’ W., 36 fath.; sta. 12 (6795).
Off Havana, Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Sta. 2324, 33 fath., Cr. (10701).
Sta. 2342, 201 fath., Cr. (10755).
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 28° 28’ to 28° 45’ N., long. 84° 25’ to 85° 02’ W., 21-30 fath., S. Cr.; sta.
2405, 2407, 2408 (10699, 10734).
Lat. 29° 11’ 30’ to 29° 15’ 30” N., long. 85° 29/ to 85° 39! 30” W., 25-27
fath., 8.G.Cr.; sta. 2372, 2373, 2374 (10697, 10754).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan; lat. 22° 07’ 30’ N., long. 87° 06’ W., 21 fath., Cr. ;
U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2363, 1885 (10700).
Albatross Bank, off Jamaica; lat. 17° 44’ 05” N., long. 75° 39’ W., 23 fath., Cr.,
brk. Sh.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2138, 1884 (7479).
St. Thomas, West Indies, shore; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (8390).
Sabanilla, U.S. of Colombia, shore ; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (8391, 8612).
Off Aspinwall, Panama; lat. 9° 32’ N., long. 79° 54’ 30” W., 34 fath., brk. Sh. ;
U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2146, 1884 (7489).
Caledonia Bay, Panama (5176).
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 261
DOROCIDARIS A. Agassiz.
4. Dorocidaris Bartletti A. Agassiz.
Off Havana, Cuba; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885; stations 2320, 2322, 2324, 2325,
2327, 2330, 2331, 2334, 2335, 2837, 2349; 33 to 204 fath., Cr. S. (10659
10660, 10661, 10662, 10707) ; 1886 (14584).
Albatross Bank, off Jamaica; lat 17° 44’ 05’ N., long. 75° 39’ W., 23 fath., Cr.
brk. Sh.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2138, 1884 (7479).
Off the Windward Islands; U. 8S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 1878~79:
Off Barbados, 94 fath., sta. 276 (6836).
Off Montserrat, 88 fath., sta. 155 (6832).
5. Dorocidaris Blakei A. Agassiz.
North of Little Bahama Bank ; lat. 27° 22’ N., long. 78° 07’ 30” W., 338 fath.,
gy. S.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2655, 1886 (14585). A fine series, in per-
fect condition.
Off Havana, Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Sta. 2152, 387 fath., Cr. (7484).
Sta, 2153, 283 fath., Cr. (7481).
Sta. 2162, 122 fath., Cr. (7486).
South of Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Lat. 199 55’ 46” N., long. 75° 49’ 23” W., 400 fath., M. fne. S.; sta. 2128
(7487).
Lat. 19° 56’ 06’ N., long. 75° 47/ 32’ W., 254 fath.; sta. 2134 (7483).
Off Barbados, Windward Islands, 200 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake,
A. Agassiz, 1878~’79 (6833).
6. Dorocidaris papillata A. Agassiz.
Atlantic Ocean, off the Capes of Delaware; lat. 38° 39’ N., long. 73° 11’ W.,
130 fath., S.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 1043, 1881 (5080, 7615).
Atlantic Ocean, off South Carolina; lat. 32° 33/ 15” N., long. 77° 30’ 10’ W., 257
fath. ; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, sta. 320, 1880 (6835).
Atlantic Ocean, off South Carolina and Georgia; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 32° 35’ N., long. 77° 30’ W., 247 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2625 (12938).
Lat. 30° 44’ N., long. 79° 26’ W., 440 fath., S.; sta. 2415 (10756).
Off the east coast of Florida; U. S. Fish Comm., 1886:
Lat. 31° 09’ N., long. 79° 33’ 30” W., 352 fath., gy. S., Cr. brk.; sta. 2669
(14590).
Lat. 30° 58’ 30” N., long. 79° 38’ 30” W., 294 fath., gy. S., brk. Cr. ; sta.
2668 (14588).
Lat. 30° 47’ 30” N., long. 79° 49° W., 270 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2666 (14586).
Lat. 29° 16’ 30” N., long. 79° 36/30’ W., 438 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2661 (14591).
Off Havana, Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884-35 :
Sta. 2152, 2154, 2157, 2161, 2162; 29-387 fath., Cr. (7476, 7478, 7482, 7485,
7488).
Sta. 2319, 2322, 2324, 2327, 2536, 2337, 2342, 2345-2349; 33-230 fath., S. Cr.
(10710).
Sta. 2323, 163 fath., Cr. (10709).
Sta. 2341, 143 fath., Cr. (10708).
Off Havana, 1836 (14589).
South of Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Lat. 19° 56’ 04” N., long. 75° 48’ 55’ W., 274 fath., M. fne. S., sta. 2129
(7480) ; 254 fath., sta. 2134 (12948).
262 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
6. Dorocidaris papillata A. Agassiz—Continued.
Lat. 19° 55’ 58” N., long. 75° 47’ 07” W., 250 fath., Cr.; sta. 2135 (747%,
10753).
Off Sta. Lucia, Windward Islands, 164 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, sta. 218, 1878~79 (6834).
‘Unknown locality ; probably Mediterranean Sea (3571).
Dorocidaris papillata, var.*
Off the coast of the Southern Atlantic States; U. 8S. Fish Comm., 1884, 1885:
Off Chesapeake Bay, 104 fath., S. M. G. ; sta. 2420 (10714).
Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, 48-68 fath., M.8.; sta. 2268 (8318, 10061),
sta, 2269 (8317, 14063), sta. 2301 (8316, 10062), sta. 2596 (12937).
Between Capes Hatteras and Lookout, 15-107 fath., gy.S. P.; sta. 2597
(12870), sta. 2601 (12945).
Off Cape Fear, North Carolina, 90 fath., 8.; sta. 2418 (10053).
Gulf of Mexico, U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Otf Key West, Fla., 45-50 fath., Cr.; sta. 2316, 2317, 2318 (10051, 10052,
10712).
Off Havana, Cuba, 67 fath., Cr.; sta. 2334 (10713).
Off the west end of Cuba, 426 fath.; sta. 2351 (10711).
Off Cape San Blas, Florida, 25-27 fath., G. Cr. ; sta. 2372, 2373 (10715).
PHYLLACANTHUS Brandt.
7. Phyllacanthus annulifera A. Agassiz.
Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands; W. J. Fisher, coll. of W. H. Dall (14032).
8. Phyllacanthus dubia Brandt.
Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands; among the branches of corals, in one fathom of
water; William Stimpson, North Pacific Expl. Exped., 1854 (2487),
9. Phyllacanthus gigantea A. Agassiz.
Sandwich Islands; J. K. Townsend (3554).
10. Phyllacanthus imperialis Brandt.
Gaspar Straits, Malay Archipelago; W. Stimpson, N. Pa, Expl. Exped. (3135).
POROCIDARIS Desor.
11. Porocidaris Sharreri A. Agassiz.
Atlantic Ocean, off North Carolina and Florida; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 34° 39’ 15''N., long. 75°33! 30!’ W., 107 fath., gy. S. P.; sta. 2601 (12944).
Lat. 30° 44’ N., long. 79° 26’ W., 440 fath., S.F. ; sta. 2415 (10704),
Off Havana, Cuba: U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Sta. 2337, 2338, 2341; 143-199 fath., Cr. (10716).
Sta. 2345, 184 feth., Cr. (10706).
Sta. 2348, 211 fath., Cr. (10705).
Off Havana, 1886 (14583).
Off Yucatan; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Off Cape Catoche ; lat. 22° 08’ 30’ N., long. 86° 49’ W., 26 fath., Cr.; sta., 2360
(10716).
Off Arrowsmith Bank; lat. 20°59’ 30’ N., long. 86° 23/ 45” W., 130 fath., Cr. ;
sta. 2354 (10717).
Off Nevis, Windward Islands, 356 fath. ; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz,
sta. 151, 1878-79 (6810).
*A. Agassiz, Pevision of the Echini, 1872, p. 256,
1886.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 263
This species has not been recorded hitherto from north of the latitude
of Fernandina, Fla.
GONIOCIDARIS Desor.
12. Goniocidaris canaliculata A. Agassiz.
Rose Island, Navigator Group; U.S. Expl. Exped. (3569).
Subfamily SALENIDZ Agassiz.
SALENIA Gray.
13. Salenia Pattersoni A. Agassiz.
Off Montserrat, West Indies, 148 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, 1878~79 (6787).
Off Havana, Cuba, 242 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 187778
(6805).
Off Havana, Cuba, 67-279 fath:; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884~’85, 20 stations (7049,
7050, 7051, 7052, 8404, 8405, 10649, 10651, 10652) ; 1886 (14581).
14. Salenia varispina A. Agassiz.
Off the East Coast of Florida; U.S. Fish Comm., 1886:
Lat. 30° 53’ N., long. 79° 42’ 30” W., 273 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2667 (14579). ~
Lat. 30° 47’ 30” N., long. 79° 49’ W., 270 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2666 (14578).
Lat. 29° 41’ N., long. 79° 55! W., 373 fath., Cr. S.; sta. 2664 (14580).
Lat. 29° 16’ 30” N., long. 79° 36’ 30” W., 438 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2661 (14576).
Mouth of Exuma Sound, Bahama Islands; lat. 23° 48’ 40” N., long. 75° 10/ 40”
W., 1169 fath., Cr. S.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2629, 1886 (14577).
Southeast of Cuba; lat. 19° 07’ N., long. 74° 52’ W., 1,200 fath. ; U.S. Coast Sur-
vey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 1878-79 (6799).
. Caribbean Sea; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Lat. 15° 24’ 40” N., long. 63° 31’ 30” W., 683 fath., M. fne. 8.3; sta. 2117
(8402),
Lat. 13° 32/ 40’ N., long. 62° 54’ W., 690 fath., M. S.; sta. 2118 (8401).
Lat. 19° 45’ N., long. 75° 04’ W., 1,639 fath., M.; sta. 2127 (8403).
Off Barbados, West Indies, 399 fath.; U. 8. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agas-
siz, 187879 (6783).
Family ARBACIAD Ai Gray.
ARBACIA Gray.
15. Arbacia nigra A. Agassiz.
Peru; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S.N., 1884:
Pacasamayo; stones, 5 to 6 feet of water (8727).
San Lorenzo Island, Callao Bay side; low water, rocks and sand (8752).
Peru (8736). 5
Valparaiso, Chili (3244).
“Pacific Is.” ? (3502).
Unknown localities (2666, 8452, 3453, 3454, 3619).
16. Arbacia punctulata Gray.
Southern New England :
Naushon Island, Mass.; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3430).
Near New Bedford, Mass. (3445).
264 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
16. Arbacia punctulata Gray—Continued.
-Southern New England; U. 8S. Fish Comm. :
Vineyard Sound, Mass. (many stations).
Newport, R. I., shore (5085).
Narragansett Bay, R. I., 4-144 fathoms (7037, 9617, 9618).
Noank, Conn. (3701, 5077, 13702).
Off Noank, Coun. (6957).
Middle Atlantic coast, United States; U. 8. Fish Comm., 1883~85:
Off Chesapeake Bay, 19 fath., fne. S. Sh.; sta. 2016 (8386).
Off Cape Hatteras, N. C., 13-27 fath., 8. G. (5 stations).
Off Cape Lookout, N. C., 22-168 fath., S.; sta. 2608, 2609, 2614 (12873, :2875,
14028).
Middle Sound, near Wilmington, N. C.; R. E. Earll, 1880 (3795).
Blackfish Bank, off Charleston, S. C.; R. E. Earll, 1880 (3666).
South Carolina; William Stimpson (3522).
Florida:
Mouth of Saint Mary’s River; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (8722).
Fernandina (3586).
Saint Augustine ; Postell (3556).
Georgiana; William Wittfield (12868).
Indian River; G. Wurdemann (3518).
. East Coast; General Spinner (10064).
Eastern Dry Rocks, near Key West; Dr. E. Palmer, 1884 (8729).
Charlotte Harbor; G. W. Mastin (2458):
Little Sarasota Bay; Meek (8616); Henry Hemphill, 1884 (8076).
Pine Key, outer shore; Henry Hemphill, 1884 (8617).
Marco (8657).
Gulf of Mexico; U. 8. Fish Comm., 1885:
Off Charlotte Harbor, Fla., 24-27 fath., 8. ; sta. 2412, 2413 (10658).
Off Tampa Bay, Fla., 26 fath., crs. S.; sta. 2409 (10657).
Off Apalachicola, Fla., 21-30 fath., 8. G.; sta. 2369-2373 (10656) ; sta. 2405-
2408 (10657).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, 21-25 fath., 8. Cr. 5 sta. 2362-2365 (10655).
17. Arbacia pustulosa Gray.
Madeira; William Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (1777, 2496, 3500).
Unknown locality (3498). Pa
18. Arbacia spatuligera A. Agassiz.
Peru; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. N., 1884 (8713).
San Lorenzo Island (8751).
Unknown localities (3434, 3444, 3448).
19. Arbacia stellata Gray.
Lower California:
William Stimpson ? (3588).
La Paz; W. J. Fisher, Stearns’s Coll. (8991).
Gulf of California (?); Stearns’s Coll. (10003).
Guaymas, Mexico; Captain Stone (2399, 2400).
Panama; Edwards (2461).
West Coast of North America ; Lieut. Comdr. H. E. Nichols, U.S. N., 1881 (6742).
PODOCIDARIS A. Agassiz.
20. Podocidaris sculpta A. Agassiz.
Off Fernandina, Florida; U.S. Fish Comm., 1886:
Lat. 30° 58’ 30” N., long. 79° 38’ 30’ W., 294 fath., gy. S. brk. Cr.; sta.
2668 (14542).
Lat. 30° 47’ 30” N., long. 79° 49’ W., 270 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2666 (14543),
toastas ail
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 265
CaZLOPLEURUS Agassiz.
21. Ccelopleurus floridanus A. Agassiz.
Off Cape Hatteras, N. C.; lat. 35° 08’ 50’ N., long. 75° 07’ 20” W., 68 fath., M.
S.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2267, 1884 (12345).
Off Cape Lookout, N. C.; lat. 34° 39/ 15’ N., long. 75° 33’ 30!” W., 107 fath., gy.
S. P.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2601, 1885 (14302).
Off Cape Fear, N. C.; lat. 338° 38’ N., long. 77° 36’ W., 15 fath., gy. S. brk. Cr. ;
U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2622,.1885 (12943).
Off Key West, Florida; lat. 24° 25’ 30’ N., long. 81° 47/ 45’ W., 50 fath.; U. S.
Fish Comm., sta. 2316, 1885 (10653).
Off Havana, Cuba; lat. 23° 09’ 30” N., long. 82° 21 30” W., 242 fath.; U.S.
Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, sta. 11, 1877-78 (6798).
Off Havana, Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm., 188485:
Sta. 2164, 192 fath., Cr. (7048).
Sta. 2166, 196 fath., Cr. (7047).
Sta. 2167, 201 fath., Cr. (8398).
Sta. 2319-2348, 67-216 fath., Cr. 8. (10654).
Off Havana, 1886 (14582).
Off the Windward Islands; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 1878-79:
Off Barbados, 73-82 fath., sta. 290, 293 (6786, 6804).
Off Montserrat, 88 fath., sta. 155 (6794).
Lat. 23° 52’ N., long. 88° 05’ W., 95 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, sta. 32, 1877-78 (6801).
The specimens of this species from station 2267 (12345), and station
2622 (12943) are all much larger than any described from the Gulf of
Mexico, one of the largest measuring about 50™™ in diameter. The
spines sometimes attain a length of over 130™™, This species is here
recorded for the first time from north of the Gulf of Mexico.
Family DIADEMATID& Peters.
DIADEMA Schynvoet.
22. Diadema mexicanum A. Agassiz.
Lower California:
' La Paz; L. Belding (5393).
Cape St. Lucas; John Xantus (3246, 3558).
St. Josef Island, Gulf of California; W. J. Fisher, Stearns’s Coll. (10006).
Acapulco, Mexico; A. Agassiz (3467).
23. Diadema setosum Gray.
Nassau, New Providence, Bahamas; U. 8S. Fish Comm., 1886 (14533).
Florida :
Cape Florida; E. Palmer, 1884 (8761).
Indian Key; E. Palmer, 1884 (8732, 8763); H. Hemphill, 1885 (12934).
Big Pine Key; H. Hemphill, 1885 (12922).
Key West; E. Palmer, 1884 (7497).
Dry Tortugas; L. Agassiz (2485); E. Palmer, 1884 (8762).
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Off Havana, Cuba, 169 fath., Cr. ; sta. 2333 (10667).
Lat. 28° 45’ N., long. 85° 02’ W., 30 fath., Cr.; sta. 2405 (10666).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, 21 fath., Cr.; sta. 2563 (10059).
2966 CATALOGUE OF ECHINT.
23. Diadema setosum Gray—Continued.
West Indies; U. S. Fish Comm., 1834:
St. Thomas (7493, 7494, 7495, 8431).
Off Jamaica; Jat. 17° 52’ N., long. 76° 45/ 30” W., 215 fath., M.; sta. 2139
(8429).
Caribbean Sea; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Old Providence Island (7492, 7496).
Curacao Island (8430).
Lat. 17° 44’ 05” N., long. 75° 39’ W., 23 fath., Cr. Sh. ; sta. 2138 (8433).
Madeira; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (3529).
Hilo, Sandwich Islands; Wm. Stimpson,.N. Pac. Expl. Exped., 1856 (3495).
Hong Kong, China; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped., 1854 (3545, 2557).
Unknown localities (2402, 3466, 3515, 3519).
ASPIDODIADEMA A. Agassiz.
24. Aspidodiadema antillarum A. Agassiz.
Mouth of Exuma Sound, Bahama Islands; lat. 23° 48’ 40" N., long. 75° 10’ 40’’'W.,,
1,169 fath., Cr. S.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2629, 1886 (14548).
Gulf of Mexico ; lat. 28° 38’ 30” to 28° 51’ N., long. 87° 02’ to 88° 18’ W., 420-730
fath., M.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2385, 2392, 2393, 2394, 1885 (10663,
14547).
Gulf of Mexico; lat. 24° 36’ N., long. 84° 05’ W., 955 fath. ; U.S. Coast Survey
str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 1877-78 (6796).
Southeast of Cuba; lat. 19° 45’ N., long. 75° 04° W., 1,639 fath., M.; U. S.
Fish Comm., sta. 2127, 1884 (8396).
25. Aspidodiadema Jacobyi A. Agassiz.
North of Little Bahama Bank; lat. 27° 22’ N., long. 7
gy. S.; U.S. Fish. Comm., sta. 2655, 1886 (145
Off Havana, Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm. :
Sta. 2164, 192 fath., 1884 (8393).
Sta. 2346, 2347, 2350, 200-216 fath., 1885 (10664).
Off Havana, 1886 (14549). an
Southeast of Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Lat. 19° 56’ 44” N., long. 75° 50’ 49” W., 202 fath., Cr. S.; sta. 2131 (8392).
Lat. 19° 56’ 06” N., long. 75° 47/ 32” W., 254 fath.; sta. 2134 (8394).
Off Cayman Brac, south of Cuba, 297 fath.; U. 8. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, 1880 (6802).
Off Cozumel Island, Yneatan; lat. 20° 19’ 10’ N., long. 67° 03/ 30’ W., 231 fath.,
Cr.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2359, 1885 (10665).
Darien Bay; lat. 9° 30’ 45” N., long. 76° 25’ 30” W., 155 fath., M.; U.S. Fish
Comm., sta. 2143, 1884 (8395).
8° 07! 30” W., 338 fath.,
50).
ECHINOTHRIX Peters.
26. Echinothrix calamaris A. Agassiz.
Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands; W. J. Fisher (14034).
Tahiti, Society Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. 8. N., 1883 (7499).
Unknown locality (3536).
27. Echinothrix turcarum Peters.
-Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped., 1854 (3547).
Hilo, Sandwich Islands; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped., 1856 (3419).
Tahiti, Society Islands, and Marquesas Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. 8. N.,
1883 (7498, 8824).
Unknown locality (3532).
By
lat
i: 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 267
|
|
6
ASTROPYGA Gray.
| 28. Astropyga pulvinata Agassiz.
Central America:
San Salvador (3062).
West Coast ; Capt. J. M. Dow (3491).
Family ECHINOTHURIDA) Wyv. Thomson.
ASTHENOSOMA Grube.
_ 29. Asthenosoma hystrix A. Agassiz.
| Atlantic Ocean, off Cape Romain, S. C.; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885:
| Lat. 32° 36/ N., long. 77° 29! 15 W., 258 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2624 (12941).
| Lat. 32° 35’ N., long. 77° 30! W., 247 fath., gy. S.; sta. 2625 (12942).
Atlantis Ocean, off Georgia; lat. 30° 44’ N., long. 79° 26’ W., 440 fath., S. Sh.
Cr.; U.S. Fish. Comm., sta. 2415, 1885 (10674).
Off the east coast of Florida; lat. 28° 21’ N. to lat. 31° 09’ N., long. 78° 33’ W.
to long. 80° 05’ 45” W., 263 to 514 fath., S. F. Cr.; U.S. Fish Comm.,
sta. 2658-2669 (14600, 14736-14741).
Off Havana, Cuba, 213 fath., Cr.; U. 8. Fish Comm., sta. 2350, 1885 (10673).
Off Cozumel Island, Yucatan; lat. 20° 19’ N., long. 87° 03/ 30” W., 222 fath., Cr. ;
U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2358, 1885 (10668).
Off Barbados, Windward Islands; U. 8. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz,
1878-79 :
Sta. 274, 209 fath. (6823).
Sta. 291, 200 fath. (6829).
Sta. 297, 123 fath. (6821).
PHORMOSOMA Wyv. Thomson.
30. Phormosoma placenta Wyv. Thomson.
Off Nova Scotia, between Halifax and Le Have Bank; lat. 43° 34’ N., long. 63°
56/ 30” W., 134 fath., gy. O.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2513, 1885 (11712).
Atlantic Ocean, East and South of George’s Bank; lat. 41° 53’ N. to lat. 40° 09’
30” N., long. 65° 21’ 50” W. to long. 67° 26! 15” W.; 499-1,356 fath., M.
S. 0.; U. 8. Fish Comm., sta. 2072 (8671), 2074 (9050), 2075 (9046), 2077
(9051), 2078 (8673), 2083 (8650), 2530 (11707), 2533 (11711), 2571 (11713).
Atlantic Ocean, off George’s Bank; lat. 41° 33’ 15’ N., Jong. 65° 51/ 25” W., 810
- fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, sta. 305, 1880 (6817).
Atlantic Ocean, off the Coast of Southern New England; lat. 39° 47/ 20’ N. to
lat. 39° 33’ N., long. 69° 21/ 25” W. to long. 71° 31’ 30” W. ; 924 to 1,178
fath., M.S. O. F.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2052 (9048), 2094 (6206, 8672),
2205 (7811), 2208 (7813), 2209 (7814), 2210 (7936), 2217 (7816), 2220 (7817).
Atlantic Ocean, east of Delaware and North Carolina; lat. 38° 47’ 20’ N. to
lat. 35° 45/ 23 N.; 843-1,091 fath., M. fne. S. O.; U. S. Fish Comm.,
sta. 2103 (6648), 2115 (6636), 2116 (6641), 2231 (8101).
Off Cape Fear, N. C.; lat. 32° 40’ N., long. 76° 40’ 30” W., 731 fath., gy. O.; U.
S. Fish Comm,, sta. 2678, 1886 (14596).
Off Saint Augustine, Fla. ;, lat. 29° 41’ N., long. 79° 55’ W., 373 fath., Cr. S.; U.
8. Fish Comm., sta. 2664, 1886 (14599).
North of Little Bahama Bank; lat. 27° 57’ 30’ N., long. 77° 27/ 30’ W., 660
fath., yl. O.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2654 (14595),
268 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
30. Phormosoma placenta Wyv. Thompson—Continued.
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 28° 36! 15” N., long. 86° 50’ W., 347 fath., M.; sta. 2395 (10672).
Lat. 28° 32’ N., long. 88° 06’ W., 1,181 fath., M.; sta. 2383 (10671).
Lat. 29° 03/ 15” N., long. 88° 16’ W., 324 fath., M.; sta. 2376 (10670).
Caribbean Sea, U. S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Lat. 15° 24’ 40’ N., long. 63° 31/30” W., 683 fath., M. fne. S.; sta. 2117 (8424).
Lat. 9° 30/ 45” N., long. 76° 25/ 30’ W., 155 fath., M.; sta. 2143 (8425).
Off the Windward Islands; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 1878-79:
Off St. Kitts, 250 fath.; sta. 147 (6811).
Off Montserrat, 303 fath.; sta. 153 (6814).
Off Grenada, 291 fath.; sta. 260 (6806).
31. Phormosoma uranus Wyv. Thomson.
Atlantic Ocean, off the eastern coast of the United States; U. S. Fish Comm.,
1883-1886 :—
Southeast of George’s Bank:
Lat. 40° 34’ 30” N., long. 66° 48’ W., 705 fath., gy. M.; sta. 2532 (11400).
Lat. 40° 34’ 18” N., Jong. 66° 09 W., 1,742 fath., gy. M. S.; sta. 2573 (11810).
Lat. 40° 16’ 30” N., long. 67° 26’ 15’ W., 828 fath., bn. O.; sta. 2533 (11302).
South of Martha’s Vineyard:
Lat. 39° 47’ 07” N., long. 70° 35’ W., 721 fath., gy. O.; sta. 2552 (11310).
South of Block Island:
Lat. 39° 35’ N., long. 71° 18’ W., 1,064 fath., gy. O.; sta. 2211 (10854).
Lat. 39° 34’ 45” N., long. 71° 31’ 30” W., 1,080 fath., M. S.; sta. 2209 (7824).
Lat. 39° 34’ 15” N., long. 71° 41/ 15” W., 705 fath., M. S.; sta. 2203 (8128).
Lat. 39° 30’ 30’ N., long. 71° 44/ 30” W., 728 fath., M.; sta. 2204 (8127).
Lat. 39° 29’ N., long. 71° 46’ W., 693 fath., gy. M. fne. S.; sta. 2181 (8131).
South of Long Island:
Lat. 39° 12’ N., long. 72° 03’ 30” W., 707 fath., gn. M.; sta. 2235 (8093).
Lat. 39° 09’ N., long. 72° 03’ 15” W., 810 fath., gn. M.; sta. 2234 (8092).
East of Maryland:
Lat. 38° 01’ 15’ N., long. 73° 44’ W., 568 fath., gn. M.; sta. 2172 (8130).
East of North Carolina:
Lat. 35° 49’ 30” N., long. 74° 34’ 35” W., 843 fath., M. fne. S.; sta. 2115
(8674, 10853).
Lat. 35° 45’ 23” N., long. 74° 31/ 25’ W., 888 fath., M. fne. S.; sta. 2116
(10855).
Lat. 32° 40’ N., long. 76° 40’ 30” W., 731 fath., gy. O.; sta. 2678 (14597).
Off Grenada, Windward Islands, 1,058 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, sta. 245, 187879 (6819).
Family ECHINOMETRADAi Gray.
COLOBOCENTROTUS Brandt.
32. Colobocentrotus atratus Brandt.
Sandwich Islands:
Garrett, Mus. Comp. Zool. (3442).
Hilo; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3494).
Unknown localities (2569, 2572, 2664, 2992).
33. Colobocentrotus Mertensii Brandt. ee.
Bonin Islands:
Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (2490).
Port Lloyd; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3437); W. J. Fisher,
(14039).
°
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 269
| HETEROCENTROTUS Brandt.
34. Heterocentrotus mammillatus Brandt.
Sandwich Islands:
Garrett, Mus. Comp. Zool. (3527).
Hilo; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3573).
Palmyra Island; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N. (8654).
Jolinson’s Island (5949).
Feejee Islands; U. 8. Expl. Exped. (3572).
Loo Choo Islands; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3463).
Bonin Islands:
Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (2486); W. J. Fisher (14033).
Port Lloyd; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3526, 3552).
Manila ? (3464).
35. Heterocentrotus trigonarius Brandt.
Palmyra Island; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. 8. N. (8733).
Kingsmill Islands; Garrett, Mus. Comp. Zool. (3443).
Paumotu Islands? (3564).
Tahiti, Society Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N., 1883 (8758).
Friendly Islands; U. S. Expl. Exped. (2593).
Feejee Islands or Tongatabu; U. 8. Expl. Exped. (3612).
South Pacific Ocean; Capt. Wm. Herrendean, 1876 (14031).
Unknown localities (2576, 2577, 3461, 3535, 3634, 3646, 4018),
ECHINOMETRA Rondelet.
36. Echinometra lucunter Blainville.
Japan:
Hakodadi; U.S. 8. Tuscarora (3248, 3249).
Ousima; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (2504, 3456, 3457).
Loo Choo Islands; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3583, 3513).
Bonin Islands; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3591, 3617).
Sooloo Sea (3603).
Sandwich Islands:
Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3548).
Oahu; Dr. T. H. Streets, U. S. N. (5942).
Palmyra Island; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. 8. N. (8651).
Paumotu Islands; U. 8. Expl. Exped. (3587).
Society Islands:
Mus. Comp. Zool. (3533).
Tahiti; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3575); Dr. W. H. Jones,
U.S.N., 1884 (7231, 7379).
Apia, Samoan Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N., 1883 (8754).
Zanzibar, Africa; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3580).
37. Echinometra oblonga Blainville.
Sandwich Islands; Garrett (3559).
Rose Island, Pacific Ocean; U.S. Expl. Exped. (3582),
Unknown locality (2065).
38. Echinometra subangularis Desml.
Bermuda; Dr. F. V. Hamlin (5102).
Bahamas, U.S. Fish Comm., 1886: Abaco (14529), Nassau (14530), Cat Island
(14532), Watling’s Island (14531), Rum Cay (14540),
270 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
38. Echinometra subangularis Desm].—Continued.
Florida:
(2435, 3090, 3429); Wurdemann (2431, 2432, 2433).
Cape Florida; E. Palmer, 1884 (8759).
Indian Key; H. Hemphill, 1885 (14307).
Big Pine Key; H. Hemphill, 1885 (12921).
Key West; U. 8. Fish Comm., 1884 (7226); H. Hemphill, 1884 (8753, 8795) ;
reefs, low tide, H. Hemphill, 1885 (10047); among stones, low tide, H.
Hemphill, 1885 (10048).
West Indies (3247):
Nassau, New Providence ; W. Whetten, 1859 (8755).
San Domingo; Wm. Gabb, 1878 (5158, 5172).
St. Thomas; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (7227, 7374).
Tortola, Virgin Islands (3469).
Caribbean Sea:
Curagao Island; U. 8. Fish Comm., 1884 (7376).
Sabanilla, U. 8S. of Colombia; U. 8. Fish Comm., 1884 (7230, 7377).
Old Providence Island; U. S. Fish Comm., 1884 (7228, 7375).
Aspinwall; T. R. Gilliss (3455).
Vera Cruz, Mexico; Mexican Geogr. Comm. (12575).
Brazil:
U.S. Expl. Exped. (3563).
Pernambuco; C. F. Hartt, 1875 (6993).
39. Echinometra Van Brunti A. Agassiz.
Lower California:
La Paz; L. Belding (5390); A. Forrer (10012, 10015).
Cape St. Lucas; John Xantus (2463, 2465, 2467, 3050, 3052, 3241, 3610).
Mexico:
West Coast: Prof. A. Dugés (4306, 12579); Lieut. Comdr. H. E. Nichols, U.
S. N., 1881 (6743).
Mazatlan (3079); Mexican Geogr. Comm. (12527).
Manzanillo; John Xantus (3487).
Acapuleo; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3565).
San Salvador; Capt. J. M. Dow (6994).
Panama; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3562).
Manta, Ecuador; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. N., 1884 (8704).
Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N., 1884 (8734, 8749).
40. Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz.
Florida:
Key West; H. Hemphill, 1884 (8703). ;
Key Biscayne; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3570).
_ West Indies; U. S. Fish Comm., 1884 (var. plana):
Jamaica (7225, 7378).
St. Thomas (7229).
Unknown localities (2353); var. plana (3620).
PARASALENIA A. Agassiz.
41. Parasalenia gratiosa A. Agassiz.
Port Lloyd, Bonin Islands, among corals in one fathom; Wm. Stimpson, North
Pacific Expl. Exped., 1854; type (3125).
China (?); Dale and Jouy, U. 8. 8, Palos,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 271
STOMOPNEUSTES Agassiz.
42. Stomopneustes variolaris Agassiz.
Mauritius Islands, Indian Ocean; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3417).
Unknown locality (3460).
STRONGYLOCENTROTUS Brandt.
43. Strongylocentrotus albus A. Agassiz.
Valparaiso, Chili; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. 8. N., 1883 (8735).
44. Strongylocentrotus depressus A. Agassiz.
Simoda, Japan; Wm. Stimpson, North Pacific Exp]. Exped. (3602).
45. Strongylocentrotus Drobachiensis A. Agassiz.
European Coasts.
Spitzbergen :
Spitzbergen Sea; U.S.S. Alliance, 1881 (5903).
Bjonen’s Bay, 7-10 fath.; U.S.S. Alliance, 1881 (5223).
South Gatt, 7 fath. ; Ensign E. Wilkinson, U.S. N. (8635).
Norway <i
Kors Fjord; Rev. A. M. Norman, 1884 (8624).
Bergen; Bergen’s Museum, 1884 (8575).
Kielerbiicht, Germany ; C. Mobius (3850).
England; J. Alder (3441).
Eastern North America.
Greenland (3599) :
West coast of Greenland; Ensign H. G. Dresel, U.S. N., 1883 (8701).
Upernavik; Ensign H. G. Dresel, U.S. N., 1883 (8699, 8700).
Godthaah ; L. Kumlien (7133).
Cumberland Gulf: Niantulik Harbor; Lieut. W. A. Mintzer, U.S. N., 1876 (3239).
Hnudson’s Bay:
South end; C. Drexler (3420).
James Bay; C. Drexler (3421).
Labrador: L’anse au Loup, 15 fath.; Allen and Barrows, 1882 (3933).
Newfoundland ; Theodore Gill (3566).
Grand Bank of Newfoundland, 40-50 fath.; Gloucester sch. Gussie Blaisdell
(4796); Gloucester sch. Victor (4793).
Banquereau, 50 fath.; Gloucester sch. Mystic (4899).
Nova Scotia; J. R. Willis (2418).
New Brunswick: Grand Manan; Wm. Stimpson (3438).
Maine:
Eastport; A. E. Verrill (4102).
Castine; Crittenden (3240).
Massachusetts Bay; Wm. Stimpson (2420, 2421).
Saybrook, Conn. (2422).
New Jersey (3064); Gedney (2334).
Off the Atlantic coast of the British Provinces of North America; U. S. Fish
Comm. :
Off SE. edge of the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, 129-179 fath., S. G. (2
stations).
SE. corner of the Grand Bank, 33-64 fath., S. (3 stations).
NE. part of the Grand Bank, 36-44 fath., S. brk. Sh. (6 stations).
Off SE. coast of Newfoundland, 86 fath., G.; sta, 2456 (11047),
272 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
45. Strongylocentrotus Droébachiensis A. Agassiz—Continued.
Off the Atlantic Coast of the British Provinces, &c.—Continued.
Saint John’s, Newfoundland (11078).
Green Bank, 45 fath., brk. Sh.; sta. 2463 (11057).
8. end Bank of Saint Pierre, 42-67 fath., fne. bk. 8. (2 stations).
Between Bank of Saint Pierre and Banquereau, 190-204 fath., fne. ers. S. G.
(2 stations).
Off E. edge Banquereau, 129-219 fath., 8. G. brk. Sh. (5 stations).
E. edge Banquereau, 39 fath., gy. S. G.; sta. 2487 (11061).
Misaine Bank, 44-75 fath., 8. P. brk. Sh. hrd. (6 stations).
Le Have Bank, 55-62 fath., rocky, stony, 8. (3 stations).
SW. of Le Have Bank, 104 fath., S. G.; sta. 2522 (11079).
Between Middle Ground and Halifax, N. §., 43 fath., ers. 8.5; sta. 2509
(11087).
Off Nova Scotia, 47-190 fath., S. G. P. R. (9 stations).
Halifax Harbor and Bedford Basin, 16-41 fath., M. 8. O. (11 stations).
Eastern coast of the United States; U. S. Fish Comm. :
Bay of Fundy, 1872 (13395).
Eastport, Me., 1872 (5067, 5084).
Gulf of Maine, 1878 (5068).
Off Cape Ann, Mass., 47-90 fath., M. (13148, 13413).
Gloucester Harbor, Mass. (13412).
Massachusetts Bay, 16-22 fath., S. G. (13146, 13587).
Cape Cod Bay, 7-31 fath., S. M. (many stations).
Off Cape Cod, 10-106 fath., 8. G. St. M. (many stations).
Georges Bank region, 17-131 fath., S. G. M. (23 stations).
Off Nantucket Shoals, 18-33 fath., 8. (4 stations).
Off Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., 67 fath., M.S. (10043).
Vineyard Sound, Mass. (5 stations).
Off Newport, R. I. (6 stations).
Off Noank, Conn. (3699, 7134, 13703).
Patchogue, Long Island (8542).
|
Western North America.
Alaska:
Cape Smyth; Pt. Barrow Ex., 1882 (8618).
Lat. 71° 02’ N., long. 157° 46’ W., 19 fath.; U.S.S8. Corwin, 1884 (10880).
Off Pt. Franklin, 134 fath.; Pt. Barrow Ex., 1883 (8684).
Off Hotham Inlet, 4 fath. ; U.S.S. Corwin, 1884 (10881).
Off Pt. Hope, 25 fath.; U.S.S. Corwin, 1884 (10882).
Lat. 66° 12’ N., long. 168° 54’ -W.,30 fath.,Sh. P.; Lieut. G. M. Stoney, U.
S.N., 1884 (10886).
Off Port Clarence, 74 fath. ; Pt. Barrow Ex., 1883 (8669).
Lat. 65° 55’ 15” N., long. 168° 09’ 30” W., 30 fath.; U.S.S. Corwin, 1884
(10884).
Lat. 65° (25! to 28’) N., long. 171° (11/ to 26’) W., 63-11 fath.; U.S.S. Cor-
win, 1885 (12858).
Norton Sound; E. W. Nelson, 1879-80 (5937) ; Pt. Barrow Ex., 1883 (8668).
Saint Paul Island; H. W. Elliott, 1874 (8812).
Saint Michaels ; L. M. Turner, 1875 (5934, 14038).
Mouth of Yukon River, 34 fath.; E. W. Nelson, 1877 (5243)..
Kodiak; W.G. W. Harford (3230); W. J. Fisher (4245).
Near Sitka; Comdr. L. A. Beardslee, U.S. N. (6879).°
Security Bay; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N., 1883 (8633).
Wrangell; Dr. W. H. Joues, U.S. N., 1882 (8627, 8779).
Ward Cove, Revill1 Regida Island; Dr, T. H. Streets, U.S. N. (140380).
Southern Alaska; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N., 1883 (7126, 8631, 8778).
a a
_ 1886.} PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 273
45. Strongylocentrotus Drébachiensis A. Agassiz—Continued. |
Alaska; W. H. Dall, 1865-1880 :
Bering Sea (12332).
Kyska Harbor, 9-12 fath. (8625).
Captain’s Harbor, Unalashka, 9-80 fath., S. G. (4 stations).
Nliuliuk Harbor, Unalashka (7032, 8623, 8737).
Unalashka (7020).
Belkofiska Bay, 15-25 fath. (8634).
Coal Harbor, Unga (8622).
Popoff Straits, 6 fath. (8780).
Big Koninsha Island, Shumagins, 6-20 fath., S. R. (14040).
Chiachi Islands, 20 fath., M. (8708, 14047).
Semidi Islands, 15-25 fath. (8619).
Kodiak, 16-25 fath. (7027).
Saint Paul, Kodiak, 13 fath., M. (12341).
Chugachik Bay, Cook’s Inlet, 20-60 fath. (7033, 8629).
Middleton Island, 10-12 fath. (8621).
British Columbia:
Parry Passage; J.G. Swan, 1883 (7132, 3636).
Kioveta Village, Parry Passage; J.G. Swan, 1883 (12333).
Menzies Bay, Discovery Passage, 6 fath. ; Lieut. Comdr. H. E. Nichols, U.S.
N., 1881 (5939).
Departure and Alert Bays; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. 8. N., 1882 (7030).
Gulf of Georgia; Mus.Comp. Zool. (2423).
Straits of Fuca (3568).
Washington Territory: Neah Bay; J.G. Swan (5935).
Siberia.
Siberian Coast:
“* Arctic” (3431).
Bering Strait (3601).
Seniavine Strait ; N. Pacific Exp]. Exped. (3595).
Port Providence, Plover Bay ; W. H. Dall, 1880 (8630).
Avatcha Bay, Kamtchatka; Wm. Suimpeon! N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (2501).
Bering Island; L. Stejneger, 1882~’83 (8782).
Gulf of Penjiake Okhotsk Sea; N. Pacifie Expl. Exped. (3510, 3511).
Okhotsk Sea; N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3512).
See notes under Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, respecting the occur-
rence of this species in Puget Sound and the Straits of Fuca.
46. Strongylocentrotus eurythrogrammus A. Agassiz.
Port Jackson, Australia; Wm. Stimpson, North Pacific Expl. Exped. (3040,
3520).
47. Strongylocentrotus franciscanus A. Agassiz.
Alaska:
Granite Cove, Port Althorp; W. H. Dall (8816).
Saint Paul, Kodiak Island ; W. J. Fisher.
Sitka; Bischoff (4028).
Puget Sound (2481).
48. Strongylocentrotus gibbosus A. Agassiz.
Peru:
C. H. Raymond (3605).
Pacasmayo; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S.N., with Fabia chilensis Dana (8709).
Unknown loe ality (3256).
Proc. N. M, 86——18 October 13, 1886,
274 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI. .
49. Strongylocentrotus globulosus A. Agassiz.
Hakodadi, Japan; W. J. Fisher, U.S. 8. Tuscarora (3618).
Keelung Harbor, Formosa, China; William Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped.
(2493). |
The specimen above recorded from Formosa was described by Mr.
A. Agassiz in 1863* as Toxocidaris globulosa, a species which he after-
wards t united with Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, of the west coast
of North America. Mr. Agassiz apparently had only large specimens
of the franciscanus, which often beara close resemblance to the speci-
mens of globulosus, the largest of which, however, measures only about
22 inches in diameter. In the collection of the National Museum there
are now several specimens of S. franciscanus of small to medium size,
which permit of a more exact comparison being made, and indicate that
considerable differences exist between these two species. In the fran-
ciscanus the coronal plates are broader and fewer in number, the
primary tubercles much larger with a much wider scrobicular circle,
and the poriferous zone narrower. In two specimens measuring about
14 inches in diameter there are 12 coronal plates in the interambulacral
area of franciscanus, and 17 in that of globulosus. Unfortunately neither
the actinal nor abactinal systems are present in any of the specimens)
of globulosus, but the differences exhibited by the remainder of the test
are sufficient to show that the species are probably distinct.
50. Strongylocentrotus intermedius A. Agassiz.
Hakodadi Bay, Japan; Wm. Stimpson, North Pacific Expl. Exped. (3432).
51. Strongylocentrotus lividus Brandt.
England; J. Alder (2397).
Ireland: Roundstone, County Galway; W. W. Walpole (8725); A. M. Norman, ,
1884 (7019).
France:
Baie de Douarnenez, Finistére; F. Cailliaud (8614).
Nice; Bourkhardt (3524).
52. Strongylocentrotus mexicanus A. Agassiz.
Cape Saint Lucas, Lower California; J. Xantus (2637).
53. Strongylocentrotus nudus A. Agassiz. (?)
Locality unknown, probably Japan or the Sandwich Islands (3594).
This single specimen was originally labeled by Mr. A. Agassiz ‘Tox-
ocidaris nuda??”, and it agrees tolerably well with his description of
that species, although it bears some resemblance, both as regards its!
general appearance and a few details, to certain specimens of S. fran-
ciscanus in the Museum collection from Sitka, Alaska. The ares of
pores are, however, straighter, and contain only from five to six pairs:
of pores each; the actinostome is also proportionally larger. The label
of locality is missing, but the specimen probably belonged to the col-
lection of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition.
—_—
“Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1863, p. 356.
t Revision of the Echini, 1873, p. 442.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS ‘OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 275
54. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus A. Agassiz.
Alaska: Sitka; Bischoff (8810).
British Columbia: Kioosta Village, Parry Passage; James G. Swan, 1883 (8814).
Washington Territory:
Straits of Fuca; D. 8. Jordan, 1880 (3775).
Puget Sound; D. S. Jordan, 1880 (3760).
California :
William Stimpson (2495). One of Stimpson’s types of the species.
San Francisco; H. Hemphill (3231).
Farallone Islands; Charles H. Townsend, 1884 (8811).
Santa Cruz; A. Forrer, 1885 (10014).
Monterey; D. S. Jordan, 1880 (3766); W. H. Dall (3337).
San Miguel Island; W. H. Dall (8808).
Santa Cruz Island; H. Henshaw (3251).
Catalina Harbor, Santa Catalina Island; W. H. Dall (8813).
San Diego; W. J. Fisher (3236).
La Paz, Lower California; L. Belding, 1882 (8815).
Unknown localities (3590, 8809).
Number 2495 is one of Stimpson’s original types, described in 1857,
and probably came from San Francisco. The single specimen. from
Sitka, Alaska (8810), agrees quite closely with specimens from San Fran-
cisco and other parts of California, and was received about ten years
ago, in connection with numerous specimens of S. franciscanus from the
same place. As S. purpuratus had not been recorded previously from '
north of Puget Sound, I was inclined to believe that this specimen had
been accidentally mixed in with the others, and in reality belonged to
some more southern locality. The receipt since then of a specimen from
Parry Passage, British Columbia (8814), which apparently represents
the same species, makes the extended northern range of S. purpuratus
seem more probable.
The specimens above recorded from the Straits of Fuca (3775) and
Puget Sound (3760) exhibit a considerable range of variation in the di-
rection of S. Drébachiensis, which also occurs at the same place, making
it very difficult, and, in fact, impossible, to always separate the two
species with certainty. The variation is manifested both in the test and
spines, the former differing much in shape, and in the size and arrange-
ment of the tubercles; the specimens are mostly small. Quite typical
specimens of S. purpuratus are not uncommon, with the characteristic
stout spines, often purplish, as farther south, but frequently greenish.
Specimens from Departure and Alert Bays, recorded under S. Drébach-
iensis, present some of the same modifications; but in the small collec-
tion from that place I have found nothing that could be safely referred
to S. purpuratus.
'55. Strongylocentrotus tuberculatus Brandt.
Japan:
W. J. Fisher, U. 8. S. Tuscarora (6881).
North end of Niphon; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3593).
Hong Kong Harbor, China; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3043,
3136, 3235).
276 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI. a
SPH/AZRECHINUS Desor.
56. Spherechinus granularis A. Agassiz.
Fayal, Azores; Dabney (3538).
Funchal Bay, Madeira; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (1773, ie
Nice, France; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3544).
57. Spherechinus pulcherrimus A. Agassiz.
Japan:
W. J. Fisher, U. S. S. Tuscarora (3608).
N. E. shore of Niphon; Brook and Kern, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3449).
China (?); Dale and Jouy, U.S. S. Palos (8656).
Unknown locality (3446).
PSEUDOBOLETIA Troschel.
58. Pseudoboletia indiana A. Agassiz.
Unknown locality ; U. 8. Expl. Exped., 1839 (2591).
Family ECHINIDZ Agassiz.
Subfamily TEMNOPLEURIDZ Desor.
TEMNOPLEURUS Agassiz.
oat
IN SF Sie ERE ES es
59. Temnopleurus Hardwickii A. Agassiz.
Japan:
Hakodadi; W. J. Fisher, U. 8. S. Tuscarora (3250).
East coast of Niphon; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3592). _
Kagosima; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3470).
Unknown locality (8692).
60. Temnopleurus Reynaudi Agassiz.
China (?); Dale and Jouy, U.S. S. Palos (8767, 8768).
Unknown localities (38600, 8774).
61. Temnopleurus toreumaticus Agassiz.
East India; Mus. Comp. Zoology (3459).
China (?); Dale and Jouy, U. 8. 8. Palos (8766, 8769).
Unknown locality (3447).
TEMNECHINUS Forbes.
62. Temnechinus maculatus A. Agassiz.
Atlantic Ocean, off Cape Hatteras, N. C., 43-49 fath., 8.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta, i
2307 (12953), sta. 2596 (12954).
Straits of Florida; lat. 25° 04/50” N., long. 80° 15’ 10” W., 56 fath., Cr. s. bts:
Fish Comm., sta. 2639, 1886 (14546).
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 29° 18’ 15” N., long. 85° 32’ W., 25 fath., crs. S. brk. Sh.; sta. 2370
(106289).
Lat. 29° 15’ 30” N., long, 85° 29’ 30” W., 27 fath., G.; sta. 2372 (10690). a
Lat. 28° 45’ N., long. 85° 02’ W., 30 fath., S. brk. Cr.; sta. 2405 (10691).
Windward Islands; U. 8S, Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 1878-79;
Off Grenada, 170 fath. (6839).
Off Barbados, 96 fath. (6789),
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Phi
63.
64.
67.
68.
69.
70.
a.
72.
MICROCYPHUS Agassiz.
Microcyphus maculatus Agassiz.
Japan; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (3134).
TRIGONOCIDARIS A. Agassiz.
Trigonocidaris albida A. Agassiz.
Off St. Vincent, West Indies, 88 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agas-
siz, 1878~79 (6797).
Off Havana, Cuba; lat. 23° 09’ 15’ N., long. 82° 21’ W., 177 fath.; U.S. Coast
Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 187778 (6831).
Off Havana, Cuba, 98-216 fath.; U. S. Fish Comm., 1884-85 (11 stations).
Off Cozumel Island, Yucatan; lat. 20° 19’ N., long. 87° 03/ 10’ W., 178 fath.,
Cr.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2357, 1885 (10692).
SALMACIS Agassiz.
. Salmacis globator Agassiz.
Sydney, Australia; Australian Museum (5936).
. Salmacis rarispina Agassiz.
Unknown locality; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3578).
MESPILIA Desor.
Mespilia globulus Agassiz.
Ousima, Japan; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (3621).
Unknown localities (2586, 2587, 3458, 3468, 3567).
Subfamily TRIPLECHINID A. Agassiz.
PHYMOSOMA Haime.
Phymosoma crenulare A. Agassiz.
Hakodadi, Japan; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3137).
ECHINUS Rondelet.
Echinus acutus Lamarck.
Bergen, Norway; Bergen’s Museum, 1884 (8573, 8613).
Milford Haven, Wales; Wm. Stimpson (8772).
Echinus angulosus A. Agassiz.
South Africa:
Cape of Good Hope; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pacific Expl. Exped. (3472).
Table Bay; I. Russell, U. S. Transit-of-Venus Exped., 1874~75 (3648),
Echinus elegans Diib. & Kor. (?)
Atlantic Coast, United States, off Nantucket, Mass.; U. S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Lat. 39° 47/ 20’ N., long. 69° 347 15” W., 924 fath., M.; sta. 2217 (7939).
Lat. 39° 46/ 22” N., long. 69° 29’ W., 948 fath., M.; sta. 2218 (7940).
Off Cape Hatteras, N. C.; lat. 35° 45’ 23 N., long. 74° 31’ 25’ W., 888 fath.,
M. fne. S.; sta. 2116, 1883 (8659).
Echinus esculentus Linné.
Bergen, Norway ; Bergen’s Museum (3108).
Oban, Scotland; Wm. Stimpson (3433).
Milford Haven, Wales; Wm. Stimpson (3542),
Finistére, France; Thomas Wilson (8771).
278 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
73. Echinus gracilis A. Agassiz.
Atlantic Coast, United States; U. S. Fish Comm. :
Off Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., 1882, 89-134 fath., S. (5732, 5950, 9504, 13371).
Lat. 39° 58’ N., long. 69° 42’ W., 202 fath., S.; sta. 1092, 1882 (5654).
Lat. 39° 29’ N., long. 72° 19’ 40” W., 74 fath., M. 8.; sta. 2032, 1883 (6376).
Lat. 38° 39’ N., long. 73° 11’ W., 130 fath., S.; sta. 1043, 1881 (5056, 8693).
Lat. 32° 35’ N., long. 77° 30’ W. (off Cape Romain, S. C.), 247 fath., gy.S.;
sta. 2625, 1885 (12953).
74. Echinus magellanicus Philippi.
Ancon, Peru; George Keifer, 1884 (8819).
Port Gallant, Patagonia; Mus. Comp. Zool. (6808).
75. Echinus margaritaceus Lamarck.
Unknown localities (2589, 2590).
76. Echinus miliaris Miiller.
Bergen, Norway; Bergen’s Museum (3114, 8578).
England:
Salcombe, Devonshire; Rev. A. M. Norman, 1884 (7014).
Hastings; Rev. A. M. Norman, 1884 (7013).
Ireland; J. Alder (3503).
77. Echinus norvegicus Diiben & Koren.
Hardangerfjord, Norway; Bergen’s Museum, 1884 (8581).
Shetland Islands; Rev. A. M. Norman, 1884 (7012).
Kielerbiicht, Germany; C. Mobius (3830).
Northeastern part of the Grand Bank; lat. 47° 16’ N., long. 51° 16’ W., 74 fath.,
fne. gy. S.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2454, 1885 (11306).
Southern edge of Middle Ground; lat. 44° 19’ N., long. 60° 39/ 15” W., 69 fath.,
fne. yl. 8.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2502, 1885 (11721).
Atlantic Ocean, off George’s Bank, and the southern coast of New England ;
lat. 41° 09’ 40” N. to lat. 39° 26’ 16’ N., long. 66° 02’ 20’ W. to long. 71°
24’ 30” W.; 948-1,742 fath., M. fne. S. F. O.; U.S. Fish. Comm., 1883-85
(14 stations).
Atlantic Ocean, south of Martha’s Vineyard, Mass.; lat. 39° 38’ 20” N., long.
70° 56’ W., 1,241 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 1880
(6809).
Atlantic Ocean, east of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina; lat. 38° 47’
20’ N. to lat. 35° 09’ 50” N., long. 72° 37’ W. to long. 74° 57’ 40” W.;
888-1,497 fath., M. fne. S. O.; U. S. Fish. Comm., 1883-’84 (8 stations).
TOXOPNEUSTES Agassiz.
78. Toxopneustes maculatus A. Agassiz.
Christmas Island, Pacific Ocean; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. S. N. (8712).
Unknown localities (3632, 3633).
79. Toxopneustes pileolus Agassiz.
Ousima, Japan (2503).
Between Acapulco and Mazatlan, west coast of Mexico; Mexican Geogr. Comm.
(12528).
Unknown locality (2408).
80. Toxopneustes semituberculatus Agassiz.
San Quentin Bay, Lower California; L. Belding (8817).
Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands, rocky beach; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S.N.,
1884 (8757).
Unknown locality (3604),
eS
;
1886.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 279
81. Toxopneustes variegatus A. Agassiz.
Bermuda; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3499).
Off Cape Lookout, N. C., 22 fath., S.; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885 (12874, 12876).
South Carolina (3579).
Florida (2405, 3058) :
Southern Florida ;,H. Hemphill, 1884 (8679).
Key Vaccas; Hemphill, 1885 (14306).
Key West; D.S. Jordan, 1883 (8688) ; H. Hemphill, (8726, 10046) ; U.S. Fish
Comm., 1884 (8410).
Eastern Dry Rocks, near Key West; E. Palmer, 1884 (8721).
Off Key West, 45-50 fath., Cr.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2316-2318, 1885 (10681,
10685, 10687.)
Punta Rassa; H. Hemphill, 1884 (7517, 8687).
Charlotte Harbor; G. W. Mastin (2410, 2412).
Sarasota Bay ; H. Hemphill, 1884 (8680).
Little Sarasota Bay; IF. B. Meek (8694) ; H. Hemphill, 1884 (8677, 8678).
Tampa Bay; H. Hemphill, 1884 (8681).
Anclote Keys; E. Ingersoll, 1881 (12337).
Boca Ceiga Bay; H. Hemphill, 1884 (7519, 8686).
Cedar Keys; H. Hemphill, 1883 (8756).
West Florida; Kaiser and Martin (3018).
Marco ; H. Hemphill (12856).
Garden Key, Tortugas; Lieut. H. G. Wright, U. 8. N. (3543).
Tortugas; Wurdemann (3423); Col. Farquhar, 1880 (4472, 4473).
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Off Apalachicola, Fla., 24 fath.; sta. 2407 (10683).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, 25 fath.; sta. 2362 (10682).
West Indies; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884~85:
Off Havana, Cuba, 98-216 fath. (14 stations).
San Antonio, Cuba (8411).
Jamaica (8409).
Saint Thomas (7316, 8407, 8408).
Yucatan; A. Schott (3234).
Caribbean Sea; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Lat. 17° 44’ 05” N., long. 75° 39’ W., 23 fath., Cr., brk. Sh.; sta. 2138 (8415).
Curagao Island (8826).
Sabanilla, U.S. of Colombia (8826).
HIPPONOE Gray.
82. Hipponoé depressa A. Agassiz.
Between Acapulco and Mazatlan, west coast of Mexico, Mexican Geogr. Comm.
(12530).
83. Hipponoé esculenta A. Agassiz.
Bermuda; Bermuda Centennial Commissioners, 1876 (4477, 4478); Dr. F. V.
Hamlin (5101).
Bahamas, U.S. Fish Comm., 1886: Nassau (14535, 14536), Abaco (14534).
Florida:
Indian Key ; H. Hemphill (12935).
No Name Key; H. Hemphill, 1885 (14308).
Key West; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (8426).
Tortugas; Dr. J. B. Holder (3525).
Dry Tortugas Keys; E. Palmer, 1884 (8731, 8760).
Saint Thomas, West Indies; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (8828).
280 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
83. Hipponoé esculenta A. Agassiz—Continued.
Cozumel Island, Yucatan; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885 (10669),
Caribbean Sea; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
Old Providence Island (8830).
Curacao Island (8427).
Sabanilla, U.S. of Colombia; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (8829).
84. Hipponoé variegata A. Agassiz.
Pacific Ocean :
Sandwich Islands; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (3489).
Johnson’s Island; D.S. Jordan (5948).
Palmyra Island; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N. (8652, 8710).
Gilbert Islands (6990).
Tahiti; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N., 1884 (12343). .
Ousima, Japan; Win. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (2502).
EVECHINUS Verrill.
85. Evechinus chloroticus Verrill.
New Zealand:
I. Russell, U.S. Transit-of-Venus Exped., 187475 (3647).
Bluff Harbor (3631, 3638).
Suborder CLYPEASTRIDA Agassiz.
Family EUCLYPEASTRIDZ Heckel.
Subfamily FIBULARINA Gray.
ECHINOCYAMUS Van Phelsum.
86. Echinocyamus pusillus Gray.
Norway (3622); Bukken, Rey. A. M. Norman (7046).
Keilerbiicht, Germany ; C. Mébius (5181). :
Off Fernandina, Fla., 270-294 fath., gy. S. brk. Cr.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta.
2666 (14544), 2668 (14545).
Off the Dry Tortugas, Florida; lat. 24° 15’ N., long. 82° 13’ W., 229 fath.; U.S.
Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 1877~78 (6838).
Off Cuba; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Off Havana, 201 fath., Cr.; sta. 2342 (10631).
Lat. 22° 35’ N., long. 84° 23’ W., 463 fath., Cr.; sta. 2352 (10632).
Off Yucatan; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Off Arrowsmith Bank, 130 fath., Cr.; sta. 2354 (10628).
Off Cozumel Island, 231 fath., Cr.; sta. 2359 (10623).
Caribbean Sea, near Old Providence Island; lat. 13° 34’ 45’ N., long. 81° 21’ 10”
W., 382 fath., Cr. S.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2150, 1884 (7117).
Off Grenadines, Windward Islands, 338 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake,
A. Agassiz, 1878~79 (6800).
FIBULARIA Lamarck.
87. Fibularia volva Agassiz.
North China Sea, 25 fath., shelly sand; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped.
(3581).
5 -
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 281
Subfamily EcHINANTHIDA A. Agassiz.
CLYPEASTER Lamarck.
88. Clypeaster humilis A. Agassiz.
Mindanao, Philippine Islands; Drayton (3436).
89. Clypeaster latissimus A. Agassiz. +
Off St. Vincent, Windward Islands, 95 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, sta. 231, 187879 (6825).
90. Clypeaster Ravenellii A. Agassiz.
Atlantic Ocean, off South Carolina; U. 8S. Fish. Comm., 1885:
Lat. 33° 18/ 30’ N., long. 77° 07’ W., 95 fath., S.; sta. 2417 (10058).
Lat. 32° 54’ N., long. 77° 53/ 30’ W., 88 fath., crs. S.; sta. 2312 (10055).
Lat. 32° 53/ N., long. 77° 53/ W., 99 fath., ers. S.; sta. 2313 (10056).
Off Key West, Fla.; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 24° 25/ 45” N., long. 81° 46! 45” W., 45 fath., Cr. ; sta. 2317 (10675).
Lat. 24° 25’ 45’ N., long. 81° 46’ W., 45 fath., Cr. ; sta. 2318 (10643).
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 29° 24’ 30’ N., long. 88° 01’ W..,'35 fath., S. ; sta. 2388 (10054).
Lat. 28° 44’ N., long. 85° 16’ W., 60 fath., S.; sta. 2404 (10626, 10644).
Lat. 28° 42’ 30” N., long. 85° 29’ W., 88 fath., M.; sta. 2403 (10057).
Gulf of Mexico; lat. 23° 20’ N., long. 89° 16’ W., 84 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str.
Blake, A. Agassiz, sta. 36, 1877~78 (6830).
91. Clypeaster rotundus A. Agassiz.
Lower California; Commander Dewey, U.S. N. (3614). -
Las Animas Bay, Gulf of California; R. E. C. Stearns (10005).
Unknown locality; flat variety (2631).
92. Clypeaster scutiformis Lamarck.
Unknown locality (2552).
93. Clypeaster subdepressus Agassiz.
Off the southern and western coasts of Florida; U. 8. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 24° 25’ 45” N., long. 81° 46’ 45’ W., 45 fath., Cr. ; sta. 2317 (10676).
Lat. 25° 04’ 30’ N., long. 82° 59’ 15” W., 26 fath., S.; sta. 2414 (8993).
Lat. 26° 33’ 30” N., long. 83° 15’ 30 W., 27 fath.. S.: sta. 2411 (8994).
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 29° 10’ N., long. 85° 31’ W., 30 fath., S.; sta. 2375 (8995).
Lat. 29° 24' 30’ N., long. 88° 01’ W., 35 fath., S.; sta. 2388 (8992).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan; lat. 22° 08’ 30’ N., long. 86° 53/ 30” W., 25 fath.,
Cr. 8.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2362, 1885 (10625).
ECHINANTHUS Breyn.
94. Echinanthus rosaceus Gray.
Bahamas, U.S. Fish Comm., 1886: Nassau (14527), Abaco (14526).
Florida:
(8091) ; L. F. Pourtalés (4101).
Key Biscayne; Wurdemann (2480).
Indian Key; H. Hemphill (12936),
Key Vaccas; H. Hemphill, 1885 (14311).
Key West; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (8417).
West Indies; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884:
San Antonio, Cuba (8418).
St.! Thomas (8419, 8420).
West Indies; Dr. John Gibson, U.S. N. (12340).
282 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
95. Echinanthus testudinarius Gray.
Hakodadi, Japan; W. J. Fisher (3435, 3577, 8977).
Kanada Bay, Niphon, Japan; W. J. Fisher (14037).
La Paz, Lower California; A. Forrer (10018); L. Belding, 1882 (5395).
» Subfamily LAGANIDa Desor.
LAGANUM Klein.
96. Laganum Bonani Klein.
Sooloo Sea; U.S. Expl. Exped. (2551).
Mangsi Island, Pacific Ocean; U. S. Expl. Exped. (2549).
97. Laganum depressum Lesson.
Sandwich Islands; Pease (2387).
Tongatabu, Friendly Islands; U.S. Exp]. Exped. (2526).
New Zealand (3606).
Unknown localities (2531, 2537, 2538, 2540, 2546, 3537, 8773).
98. Laganum Putnami Barnard.
Ousima, Japan; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (3485).
Unknown locality (3476, 3486).
PERONELLA Gray.
99. Peronella decagonalis A. Agassiz.
Hong Kong, China; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (1772).
Loo Choo Islands; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (3482).
Unknown locality (2395).
Family SCUTELLID Agassiz.
ECHINARACHNIUS Leske.
100. Echinarachnius excentricus Valenciennes.
Straits of Fuca; ‘‘C. P.,” U.S. Expl. Exped., 1838-42 (2553).
Washington Territory :
Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound; Dr. George Suckley, U. S. A. (2321).
Neeah Bay; J. G. Swan (6958).
California :
Crescent City; A. Agassiz (3576).
San Francisco; A. Agassiz (3546).
Monterey; D.S. Jordan, U. 8S. Fish Comm., 1880 (3773).
Monterey, 8-10 fath., M.; W. H. Dall (6884).
Monterey, 8-12 fath. ; W. H. Dall (8781).
San Fernando Mountains, Santa Barbara Co., 15 miles from the sea, alti-
tude 1,700 feet (fossil); W. H. Dall (14035).
San Miguel Island ; W. H. Dall (6888).
Santa Catalina Island; W. H. Dall (5941).
New Anaheim Landing; W. H. Dall (14036). -
San Diego; D. S. Jordan, U. S. Fish Comm., 1880 (3752); Oreutt (12338).
Off San Diego; Mus. Comp. Zool. (6807).
Mulege Bay, Gulf of California; W. J. Fisher (8989).
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 283
Mr. Alexander Agassiz* records Hechinarachnius excentricus from
Sitka and Unalach, Alaska, and Kamtchatka, on the authority of Esch-
scholtz. The very large collection of Echini in the National Museum
from Alaska and Eastern Siberia does not contain any representatives
of this species, and Eschscholtz’s observations were probably based
upon some other form. There is no positive evidence that H. excentricus
exterds north of Puget Sound and the Straits of Fuca, although £.
parma is very common throughout Alaska, and in some places attains
a very large size.
101. Echinarachnius mirabilis A. Agassiz.
Hakodadi, Japan; U.S. 8. Tuscarora (3252).
102. Echinarachnius parma Gray.
Labrador: L’anse au Loup, 15 fath.; W. A. Stearns, 1882 (5932).
Nova Scotia; Willis (2383).
New Brunswick: Grand Manan; W. Stimpson (2378, 2379, 2380).
Maine: Eastport (4112).
Massachusetts:
Off Cape Ann, 30 fath. (3483).
Lynn; Dr. Prescott (3479).
Cape Cod; William Stimpson (3585).
Massachusetts Bay; General J. G. Totten (3477, 8776).
Off Newport, 24 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz (6822).
Off the eastern coast of North America; U. 8S. Fish Comm. :
Off the southern edge of the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, 129-179 fath.,
S. P.; sta. 2430 (11036); sta. 2431 (11037).
NE. part of the Grand Bank, 35-89 fath., wh. 8. brk. Sh. (3 stations).
Off the SE. coast of Newfoundland, 89 fath., S. gn. M.; sta. 2458 (11041).
Green Bank, 30-67 fath.. S. brk. Sh. (3 stations).
Between Bank of St. Pierre and Banquereau, 116 fath., G.; sta. 2481 (11045).
Banquerean, 75 fath. (4795). :
Halifax Harbor, 16-37 fath.,S., 1877 (13207, 13644, 13645).
Gulf of Maine, lat. 42° 44’ N., long. 66° 27’ W.,75 fath.,S.M.; sta. 39, 1877
(13643).
Off Cape Ann, 21-26 fath., S. M. R. G., 1878 (several stations).
Gloucester Harbor, 84 fath., S.,1878 (13704).
Stellwagen’s Bank, 13-17 fath., S., 1879 (13591).
Cape Cod Bay, 6-31 fath., S. G., 1879 (many stations).
Off Cape Cod, 10-34 fath., S. G., 1879, 1881 (many stations).
George’s Bank region, 37-86 fath.,.S. G. (5 stations).
Off Nantucket Shoals, 18-25 fath., S. (2 stations).
Vineyard Sound, Mass., 1875 (3695, 4309).
Off Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., 28-69 fath., S. M. (5086, 6197).
North of Block Island, 15 fath., S.; 1880 (13599).
Narragansett Bay, R. I.,8} fath.,S. Sh., 1880 (9692).
Noank, Conn., 1874 (4978).
Off the coast of Maryland, 19 rath., S.; sta. 2015 (6365, 6572, 8653).
Off Chesapeake Bay, 70 fath., M.G.; sta. 2265 (8521).
Alaska; William H. Dall, 1871-1880:
Near Point Belcher, 9 fath., S. (14314).
Icy Cape, 7-15 fath., S. (8649, 8664),
* Revision of the Echini, p. 1077"
284 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
102. Echinarachnius parma Gray—Continued.
Alaska: William H. Dall, 1871-1880—Continued.
Lat. 66° 45’ N., long. 166° 35’ W., 10 fath., S. (7127).
Point Spencer, Port Clarence (6954).
Off King’s Island, Bering Strait, 17 fath., M. (8707, 8838).
Off Nunivak Island, 24 fatb., 8S. (8660).
St. Paul’s Island (6882).
St. George Island (6885).
Attu, 5-7 fath., S. G. (8706).
Atka, 10-16 fath., S. (8683).
Unalashka (6946, 8655, 8716, 8728, 10040); Iliuliuk Harbor, 3-6 fath., S. R.
(8662, 8740, 12852); Captain’s Harbor (8705, 8839); between Pinnacle
and Ulakhla, 16 fath. (14042).
Unga (8723); Coal Harbor, 8-9 fath., M.S. St. (8663, 8836, 8837).
Unga Island and Popoff Straits (8717, 12851, 12853).
Chiachi Island, 20 fath., M. (14043).
Shumagins: Sanborn Harbor, 6-8 fath., 8. (8665) ; Koniusha Island (14044).
Aliaska: Chignick Bay (6947),
Semidi Islands, 15-25 fath., G. (8661).
Chirikoff Island, 9-14 fath., S. (6948, 7028, 8738).
Kodiak: St. Paul (6949); Chajafisa Cove, 13 fath., M. (8835).
Cook’s Inlet : Chugachik Bay, 20-60 fath., 8S. M. (8640).
Bering Sea; between lat. 60° 16’ N. and lat. 63° 37’ N., long. 165° 19’ W. and
long. 168° 45’ W., 12-25 fath., S. M.; Lieut. G. M. Stoney, U.S. N.,
June, 1884 (6 stations).
St. Paul Island, H. W. Elliott, 1874 (6950).
British Columbia(?); C. B. R. Kennerly, North Western Boundary Survey (3006),
Kamtchatka: Bering Island; L. Stejneger, 1882-83 (6959, 8639).
Echinarachnius parma attains, in some parts of Alaska, a much larger.
size than has yet been noted from the Atlantic coast of North America.
Mr. Dall’s collection contains especially large specimens from Nazan
Bay, Atka (8683); Chignick Bay, Aliaska (6947) ; and Unalashka (8716).
Oné specimen from Nazan Bay measures, long. diameter 95™™, trans.
diameter 98"™"; another from Chignick Bay measures, long. diameter
89™™, trans. diameter 96™™.
ECHINODISCUS Breyn.
103. Echinodiscus auritus Leske.
Unknown locality (2392).
104. Echinodiscus levis A. Agassiz.
Unknown locality (12336).
MELLITA Klein.
105. Mellita longifissa Michelin.
Angeles Bay, Gulf of California; W.J. Fisher, Stearns’s Coll. (8988).
Mexico:
Mazatlan; A. Forrer (10016).
Acapulco; A. Agassiz (3474).
106. Mellita pacifica Verrill.
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California (?); John Xantus (2628),
Unknown localities (2626, 2627).
1886.] . PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 285
107. Mellita sexforis A. Agassiz.
West Indies: ? (4483); A. Agassiz (3584); St. Kitt’s (7000).
Old Providence Island, Caribbean Sea; U. S. Fish Comm., 1884 (8423).
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: R. Rathbun, 1876 (5388).
108. Mellita testudinata Klein.
Virginia:
Cherrystone; M. McDonald, U. S. Fish Comm., 1881 (4980, 5943).
Hog Island; Wm. Stimpson (3531).
North Carolina:
Off Cape Hatteras, 7-25 fath.,S.; U.S. Fish Comm., 1884 (9 stations).
Beaufort; Wm. Stimpson (3025, 3530); W.K. Brooks (4302); H.C. Yarrow
(4716).
Fort Macon; H.C. Yarrow (5083).
South Carolina: (3096, 3480); Hilton Head, F. V. Hayden (3513).
Florida (3505) :
East coast; General Spinner, 1884 (10065).
Sarasota Bay, 1-2 fath.; H. Hemphill, 1884 (8741).
Sarasota Pass; H. Hemphill, 1884 (8818).
Tampa Bay, 8 fath.; H. Hemphill, 1884 (8675).
Tortugas; Col. Farquhar (4482).
Galveston, Texas: Dr. H. B. Butcher, U.S. A. (12339).
Vera Cruz, Mexico: Mexican Geogr. Comm. (12526).
Cumana, Venezuela: Couthouy (3509),
Bay of Bahia, Brazil: R. Rathbun, 1876 (5389).
ASTRICLYPEUS Verrill.
109. Astriclypeus Manni Verrill.
North China Sea; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (3517).
ROTULA Klein.
110. Rotula Augusti Klein.
Unknown localities (2307, 6991).
ENCOPE Agassiz.
111. Encope californica Verrill.
La Paz, Lower California; A. Forrer (10010).
San Lucas Cove, Gulf of California; W. J. Fisher (8986).
Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. 8. N., 1884 (8720).
Unknown locality (2283).
The specimens from the Galapagos Islands (8720) are very large, the
largest measuring 52 inches in longitudinal diameter.
_ 112. Encope emarginata Agassiz.
Cumana, Venezuela; Couthouy (3607). °
Sabanilla, U. 8. of Colombia; U. S. Fish Comm. str. Albatross, 1884 (8421, 8422),
Unknown localities (2557, 3473).
113. Encope grandis Agassiz.
La Paz, Lower California; A. Forrer (10013).
Angeles Bay, Gulf of California; W, J, Fisher (8985),
286 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
114. Encope Michelini Agassiz.
Off Cape Lookout, N. C., 18-25 fath., 8.; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885 (12940, 12949).
Off St. Augustine, Florida, 14 fath.; Postell (2285).
Rum Cay, Bahamas; U.S. Fish Comm., 1886 (14541),
Gulf of Mexico; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 29° 10' N., long. 85° 31’ W., 30 fath., S.; sta. 2375 (8954).
Lat. 26° 47’ 30’ N., long. 83° 25’ 15” W., 28 fath., S.; sta. 2410 (8955).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 22° 08’ 30” N., long. 86° 49’ W., 26 fath., Cr.; sta. 2360 (10621).
Lat. 22° 08’ 30” N., long. 86° 53’ 30” W., 25 fath., S. Cr.; sta. 2362 (10622).
Unknown localities (2289, 2295, 2296, 2298).
115. Encope micropora Agassiz.
Mazatlan, Mexico; A. Forrer, 1885 (10017).
Panama; Sternberg (3475),
Unknown localities (2279, 2284).
Suborder PETALOSTICHA Heckel.
Family CASSIDULIDAS Agassiz.
Subfamily ECHINONID Agassiz.
ECHINONEUS Van Phelsum.
116. Echinonéus cyclostomus Leske.
Pacific Ocean:
Loo Choo Islands; Wm. Stimpson, N. Pac. Expl. Exped. (3450).
Gilbert Island (6995).
Unknown locality (2508).
Subfamily NUCLEOLIDZ Agassiz.
NEOLAMPAS A. Agassiz.
117. Neolampas rostellata A. Agassiz.
Near Key West, Florida; lat. 24° 15’ N., long. 82° 13’ W., 229 fath.; U. S.
Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, sta. 5, 1877~78 (6790).
ECHINOLAMPAS Gray.
118. Echinolampas depressa Gray.
Straits of Florida; lat. 25° 04’ 50” N., long. 80° 15’ 10” W., 56 fath., Cr. S.; U.
S. Fish Comm., sta. 2639, 1886 (14592).
Off Grenada, Windward Islands, 92 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, sta. 253, 1878~79 (6815).
CONOLAMPAS A. Agassiz.
119. Conolampas Sigsbei A. Agassiz.
Off Havana, Cuba, U.S. Fish Comm., 1885; sta. 2350, 213 fath., Cr. (10645,
10766); sta. 2342, 201 fath., Cr. (10762).
Gulf of Mexico; lat. 25° 52’ N., long. 88° 05’ W., 95 fath.; U. 8. Coast Survey
str, Blake, A. Agassiz, sta, 32, 1877-78 (6820).
1386.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 287
RHYNCHOPYGUS D’Orbigny.
120. Rhynchopygus pacificus A. Agassiz.
Mexico:
Cape St. Lucas, Lower California; John Xantus (6988).
Acapulco; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3561).
Chatham Island, Galapagos Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U. 8. N., 1884 (8750).
Family SPATANGID Ai Agassiz.
Subfamily POURTALESL& A. Agassiz.
POURTALESIA A. Agassiz.
121. Pourtalesia Jeffreysi Wyv. Thomson.
Atlantic Ocean, off George’s Bank; lat. 40° 16’ 50” N., long. 67° 05/ 15 W., 1,290
fath., M. S.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2084, 1884 (6255).
URECHINUS A. Agassiz.
122. Urechinus Naresianus A. Agassiz.
Off George’s Bank; lat. 41° 43’ N., long. 65° 21/ 50” W., 1,309 fath., M.; U.S.
Fish Comm., sta. 2074, 1883 (7114).
Off George’s Bank; lat. 41° 24’ 45’ N., long. 65° 35/ 30” W., 1,242 fath.; U. S.
Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, sta. 308, 1880 (6803).
Subfamily ANANCHYTIDZi Alb. Gras.
PALAOTROPUS Lovén.
123. Palzotropus Josephine Lovén.
Off Havana, Cuba, 143-182 fath., S. Cr.; U. 8. Fish Comm., sta. 2327, 2341, 1885
(10634, 10635).
Off Barbados, Windward Islands, 140 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, sta. 299, 1878-’79 (6791).
PALZOBRISSUS A. Agassiz.
124. Paleobrissus Hilgardi A. Agassiz.
Off Barbados, Windward Islands, 82 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, sta. 300, 1878-’79 (6812).
HOMOLAMPAS A. Agassiz.
125. Homolampas fragilis A. Agassiz.
Caribbean Sea, near Aves Island; lat. 15° 24’ 40’ N., long. 63° 31’ 30” W., 683
fath., M. fne. S.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2117, 1884 (8397).
PALEOPNEUSTES A. Agassiz.
126. Paleopneustes cristatus A. Agassiz.
Off Havana, Cuba, 156 fath., Cr.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2332, 2336, 1885 (10759,
10761).
Off Barbados, Windward Islands, 180 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A,
Agassiz, sta. 295, 1878-79 (6828).
288 CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
127. Paleopneustes hystrix A. Agassiz.
Off Havana, Cuba, 279 fath., Cr.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2343, 1885 (10648).
Off Montserrat, Windward Islands, 120 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A.
Agassiz, sta. 157, 1878~’79 (6826).
LINOPNEUSTES A. Agassiz.
128. Linopneustes longigpinus A. Agassiz.
North of Little Bahama Bank; lat. 27° 22’ N., long. 78° 07’ 30” W., 338 fath.,
gy. S.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2655, 1886 (14537).
Off Havana, Cuba, U.S. Fish Comm. ; sta. 2157, 1884, 29 fath. (8428) ; sta. 2343,
1885, 279 fath., Cr. (10646).
Off St. Kitts, West Indies, 208 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz,
sta. 148, 1878-’79 (6818).
Subfamily SPATANGINA Gray.
SPATANGUS Klein.
' 129. Spatangus purpureus Leske.
Shetland Islands; A. M. Norman, 1884 (7017).
Kielerbiicht, Germany ; C. Mébius (3837).
Atlantie Ocean, off Martha’s Vineyard; lat. 39° 53’ N., long. 69° 43’ W., 156
fath., fne. S.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 1098, 1882 (5564).
North of Little Bahama Bank; lat. 27° 22’ N., long. 78° 07’ 30” W., 338 fath.,
gy. 8.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2655, 1886 (14594).
130. Spatangus Raschi Lovén.
Shetland Islands; A. M. Norman, 1884 (7018).
MACROPNEUSTES Agassiz.
131. Macropneustes spatangoides A. Agassiz.
Off St. Kitts, West Indies, 250 fath.; U. S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz,
187879 (6837).
MARETIA Gray.
132. Maretia planulata Gray.
Gilbert Islands, Pacific Ocean (8715).
Unknown locality (2564).
LOVENIA Desor.
133. Lovenia cordiformis Liitken.
California; W. H. Dall:
Catalina Island, 40 fath. (3238).
Catalina Harbor (12957).
South of Catalina Island, 50 fath. (5938).
Gulf of California; Lieut. Comdr. H. E. Nichols, U.S. N., 1881 (8719).
BREYNIA Desor,
134. Breynia australasiz Gray.
Australia (2560),
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 289
ECHINOCARDIUM Gray.
135. Echinocardium cordatum Gray.
Scotland ; Anderson (3551).
Dublin Bay, Ireland; W. W. Walpole (8711).
Salcombe, Devonshire, England; Rey. A. M. Norman, 1884 (7011).
Kielerbiicht, Germany ; C. Mibius (3847).
Cape Fear, North Carolina (3549).
136. Echinocardium flavescens A. Agassiz.
Bergen, Norway; Bergen’s Museum, 1884 (8580),
Sweden ; Mus. Comp. Zool. (3504).
Shetland Islands; Rev. A. M. Norman, 1884 (7016).
Kielerbiicht, Germany ; C. Mobius (3846).
Subfamily Brissmna Gray.
HEMIASTER Desor.
137. Hemiaster cavernosus A. Agassiz.
Tierra del Fuego, West Coast; Dr. M. H. Crawford, U. S. N., 1884 (8718).
Kerguelen Island ; Dr. J. H. Kidder,U. 8. N., U.S. Transit-of-Venus Expedition,
1874-75 (3144, 3232); types of Hemiaster cordatus Verrill.
138. Hemiaster Mentzi A. Agassiz.
Gulf of Mexico; lat. 28° 45’ N., long. 88° 15’ 30” W., 940 fath., M.; U. S. Fish
Comm., sta. 2384, 1885 (10647).
BRISSOPSIS Agassiz.
139. Brissopsis lyrifera Agassiz.
Shetland Islands; Rev. A. M. Norman (7015).
Bergen, Norway ; Bergen’s Museum (8582).
Kielerbiicht, Germany ; C. Mébius (3838).
Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of the United States; U.S. Fish Comm., 1883~’85:
Lat, 41° 09’ 40’ N., long. 66° 02! 20” W., 1,255 fath., M.; sta. 2077 (6996,
7118).
Lat. 40° 09’ 30” N., long. 67° 09 W., 1,356 fath., gy. glb. O.; sta. 2571 (12143).
Lat. 39° 49’ N., long. 68° 28' 30” W., 1,467 fath., glb. O.; sta. 2043 (8667).
Lat. 39° 47’ 20’ N., long. 69° 34’ 15 W., 924 fath., gy. M.; sta. 2217 (7934).
Lat. 39° 46/ 22’ N., long. 69° 29’ W., 948 fath., gy. M.; sta. 2218 (7935).
Lat. 39° 34’ 45 N., long. 71° 31/ 30” W., 1,080 fath.,M.S.; sta, 2209 (7823).
Lat. 39° 33’ N., long. 71° 16 15’ W., 1,178 fath., M.; sta. 2208 (7822).
Lat, 39° 22’ N., long. 71° 23’ 30” W., 1,396 fath., gy. O.; sta 2564 (12144).
Lat. 39° 15’ 30’ N., long. 71° 25’ W., 1,434 fath., gy. O.; sta. 2562 (12142).
Lat. 38° 27’ N., long. 73° 02’ W., 1,168 fath., gy. O.; sta. 2230 (8102, 8148).
Lat. 37° 50’ N., long. 73° 03’ 50” W., 1,395 fath., glb. O.; sta. 2105 (6604,
7113).
Lat, 37° 38’ 40” N., long. 73° 16 30” W., 1,423 fath.,gIb. O. ; sta. 2229 (8197).
Lat. 37° 25’ N., long. 73° 06’ W., 1,582 fath., M.: sta. 2298 (8147, 10049),
one
Between Capes Hatteras and Lookout, N. C., 87-124 fath., S. P., 1885 (12947)
Proc. N. M. 86——19 October 19, 1886.
F950. CATALOGUE OF ECHINI. 3
139. Brissopsis lyrifera Agassiz—UContinued.
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Off Havana, Cuba, 279 fath., Cr.; sta. 2343 (10636).
Lat. 28° 44’ N., long. 85° 16’ W., 60 fath., S.; sta. 2404 (10633).
Lat. 28° 36’ N., long. 85° 33’ 30’ W., 111 fath., M.; sta. 2402 (10627).
Lat. 28° 38’ 30’ N., long. 85° 52’ 30” W., 142 fath., M.; sta. 2401 (10640).
Lat. 28° 41’ N.. long. 86° 07° W., 169 fath., M.; sta. 2400 (10639).
Lat. 28° 05’ N., long. 87° 56° 15” W., 1,330 fath., M.; sta. 2381 (10638).
Lat. 29° 14’ 30’ N., long. 88° 09’ 30” W., 68 fath., M.; sta. 2378 (10637).
Gulf of Mexico, off the mouth of the Mississippi River; lat. 28° 51/30’ N., long.
89° 01’ 30’ W., 118 fath.; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, sta.
49, 187778 (6813, 6827).
Caribbean Sea, off Jamaica; lat. 17° 55’ N., long. 76° 41’ 20’ W., 150 fath.; U.
S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, sta. 116, 187879 (6816).
Off Aspinwall, Panama, 25 fath., M.; U. &. Fish Comm., sta. 2145, 1884 (7117). |
ACESTE Wyv. Thomson.
140. Aceste bellidifera Wyv. Thomson.
Atlantic Ocean, off Maryland ; lat. 37° 41/ 20” N., long. 73° 03’ 20” W., 1,497
fath., glb.O.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2106, 1883 (6700).
Caribbean Sea, off Aves Island ; lat, 15° 24/ 4Q" N., long. 63° 31’ 30” W., 683
fath., M. fne. S.; U.S. Fish Comm., sta. 2117, 1884 (7115).
AGASSIZIA Valenciennes.
141. Agassizia excentrica A. Agassiz.
Straits of Florida; lat. 25° 05’ N., long. 80° 15’ W., 56 fath., Cr. S.; U. S. Fish
Comm., sta. 2640, 1886 (14593).
Off Havana, Cuba; U. 8S. Fish Comm. :
Sta. 2159, 1884, 98 fath. (8400).
Sta. 2341, 1885, 143 fath. (10629).
Sta. 2345, 1885, 184 fath. (10630).
Off the Windward Islands; U.S. Coast Survey str. Blake, A. Agassiz, 187879:
Off Barbados, 76 tath. (6792).
Off Dominica, 118 fath. (6793).
142. Agassizia scrobiculata Valenciennes.
La Paz, Lower California; L. Belding (5394).
San Lucas Cove, Gulf of California; W. J. Fisher (10008).
Mazatlan, Mexico; A. Forrer (10019).
Panama; A. Agassiz (3550).
BRISSUS Klein.
143. Brissus carinatus Gray.
Pacific Ocean:
Sandwich Islands (?); U.S. Expl. Exped. (2562).
Marquesas Islands; Dr. W. H. Jones, U.S. N., 1884 (8702).
Paumotu fslands (8691).
Tahiti, Society Islands (8690).
METALIA Gray.
144. Metalia pectoralis A. Agassiz.
Bahamas; B. H. Van Vleck (10852); Nassau, U. S. Fish Comm., 1886, one
fine large living specimen (14539).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, 25 fath., 8S. Cr.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 2362,
1885 (10624).
Unknown locality (2596).
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 291
145. Metalia sternalis Gray.
Sandwich Islands; Mus. Comp. Zoology (3060).
Unknown locality (2524).
MEOMA Gray.
146. Meoma grandis Gray.
La Paz, Lower California; L. Belding, 1882 (5392).
Unknown localities (2514, 2518, 3615).
147. Meoma ventricosa Liitken.
Nassau, Bahamas; U.S. Fish. Comm., 1886 (14538).
Gulf of Mexico; U.S. Fish. Comm., 1885:
Off the Dry Tortugas, 26 fath., S.; sta. 2414 (8999).
Off Charlotte Harbor, Fla., 27 fath., S.; sta. 2411, 2412 (8993, 9000).
Off Apalachicola, Fla., 26-30 fath., S. Cr.; sta. 2405, 2406 (8996, 8997, 10620).
Off Cape Catoche, Yucatan, 25 fath., S.; sta. 2362 (10619).
SCHIZASTER Agassiz.
148. Schizaster canaliferus Agassiz.
Atlantic Ocean, off Martha’s Vineyard ; lat. 40° 02’ N., long. 70° 37’ 30” W., 101
fath., M. fne. S.; U. S. Fish. Comm., sta. 1108, 1882 (5563).
149. Schizaster fragilis Agassiz.
Hardangerfjord, Norway ; Bergen’s Museum (8596).
Atlantic Ocean, off the eastern coast of North America; U.S. Fish Comm. ;
Off the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, 150 fath. (4940).
Off the southern edge of the Grand Bank, 471 fath., gy. M., 1885 (12128).
Between Bank of St. Pierre and Banquereau, 116-224 fath., M. S. G., 1885:
(6 stations).
Eastern edge of Banquereau, 39 fath., S. G., 1885 (12331).
South of Nova Scotia, 93-190 fath., M. G., 1877, 1885 (9680, 11305, 12126,
12136).
30 miles S. E. +S. of Cape Sable, N. S., 88-91 fath., fne. S. M., 1877 (5951,
7120, 13414).
Jetirey’s Bank, Gulf of Maine (4903).
33 miles E. by 8S. of Eastern Point Light, Cape Ann, Mass., 85-110 fath.,
M. G., 1878 (9867).
Off Cape Cod, Mass., 80-129 fath., M., 1879 (13417-13419).
Off the northern edge of George’s Bank, 99-150 fath., M. S. G., 1883-1885
(7112, 7121-7124). ,
East of George’s Bank; lat. 41° 49’ N., long. 65° 49’ 30” W., 72 fath., S. G.,
1885 (12132).
Southeast of George’s Bank; lat. 39° 56’ 45” N., long. 70° 50’ 30’ W., 156
fath., M. fne. S., 1885 (12133).
Off Martha’s Vineyard, Mass.; between lat. 39° 49’ N. and 40° 03’ N., long.
68° 56’ W. and 71° 43’ W.; 120-321 fath., M. 8. Sh., 1880-1885 (19 sta-
tions).
South of Long Island, N. Y.; between lat. 38° 53/ 30’ N. and 39° 33/N.,
long. 72° 18/ 30’ W. and 72° 52’ W.; 188-452 fath., M.S., 1884, 1885
7713, 7717, 12294, 12297).
Off Cape Lookout, N. C.; lat. 34° 39/15” N., long. 75° 33/ 30’ W., 107 fath.,
gy. S. P., 1885 (12946).
292
150. Schizaster Orbignyanus A. Agassiz.
CATALOGUE OF ECHINI.
South of Martha’s Vineyard, Mass. ; lat. 40° 02’ 54’ N., long. 70° 23/ 40” W., 115
fath., M. fne. S.; U. S. Fish Comm., sta. 871, 1880 (13312).
PERIASTER D’Orbigny.
151. Periaster limicola A. Agassiz.
Gulf of Mexico; U. S. Fish Comm., 1885:
Lat. 29° 14’ 30” N., long. 88° 09/ 30” W., 68 fath., M.; sta. 2378 (10641).
Lat. 28° 38’ 30’ N., long. 85° 52/ 30’ W., 142 fath., M.; sta. 2401 (10642).
MOIRA A. Agassiz.
152. Moira atropos A. Agassiz.
Eastern coast, United States:
North Carolina (1753).
Charleston, South Carolina; William Stimpson (3497).
Pine Key, Florida; Henry Hemphill (6989).
Unknown localities (2515, 2517, 2520, 2521, 6998).
Alphabetical index of the species of Echini enumerated in the preceding list.
Page.
Aceste bellidifera Wyv. Th..........-.-.--. 290
Agassizia excentrica A. Ag ................ 290
scrobiculata Val s--o-ce sess oes. 290
Arbacia nigratAs Aol lec scCccee. te eteeseite 263
punctulata'Gray --.. 2.22... .. /.2 26. 263
pustulosa Gray. so-eece. cicero: see 264
spatuligera A. Ag...........-----. 264
StellatanGuay. soo sch ceases sees eer 264
Aspidodiadema antillarum A. Ag ......-... 266
JacobywASA Ges. soe necices 266
Asthenosoma hystrix A. Ag.-..........-..-. 267
Astriclypeus Manni Ver -.......-.---.------ 285
Astropyga pulvinata L. Ag ...........-.--- 267
Breynia australasiz Gray ........--.-.----- 288
Brissopsis lyrifera’ L. Ag -....-..-....---..- 289
IBrissusicarinatus Grave eee sacceosacinsar 290
Cidaris metularia Blainv .---............... 260
‘Thouarsiil Valse 2. co oom oseciceet 260
tribuloides Blainv...........--.--.- 260
Clypeaster humilis A. Ag .............-.-.- 281
latissimus A. Ag..... asete eee 281
Ravenellii A. Ag ............... 281
TOUUNGUS HAS AC ee ecee teem enees 281
scutiformis Lam..=....--..----- 281
subdepressus L. Ag..---..------ 281
Ceelopleurns floridanus A. Ag............-. 265
Colobocentrotus atratus Br ......-.......-- 268
MertensiivBr ano. cees sae 268
Conolampas Sigsbei A. Ag ...-....-.....--- 286
Diadema mexicanum A. Ag............-:-. 265
Setosuin Gray. soos ossecesccen ee 265
Dorocidaris Bartletti A. Ag .............--- 261
Blake AGAG, tootasasacecocelce 261
papillata A. Ag........2...-.-% 261
Echinanthus rosaceus Gray .--...-.--...--- 281
testudinarius Gray --.-....-..- 282
Echinarachnius excentricus Val ...-.....--- 282
mirabilis) ASPAps, <lsiert'= en laale 283
Darmal\ Gray s2c.-ceenscene- 283
Page.
Echinocardium cordatum Gray .........--. 289
flavescens A. Ag........... 289
Echinocyamus pusillus Gray-.........-----. 280
Echinodiscus auritus Leske............---- 284
lpyist AltA geeks eee 284
Echinolampas depressa Gray...-....-.----- 286
Echinometra lucunter Blainv ...........--. 269
Oblon ga Blaitiviac emcee sence o 269
subangularis Desml.......-.-. 269
Van Brunti A. Ag...........- 270
viridis As) Aces eth sestinn cates 270
Echinonéus cyclostomus Leske ........-... » 286
Echinothrix calamaris A. Ag...... Sone e =e EZOn
turcarum Peters .--....-......- 266
Hehinus) acutustbarm! "sooo seccememcer eee 277
angulosus AjtAg . Socneccen ce cocnas 277
elegans Dib: &: Kor. -.-..-::.-.-.- 277
esculentus Linn6...........:..---- 277
oracilis: Av Ato eee ceniienccicnieeeee 278
magellanicus Phil_...-..5-........ 278
margaritaceus Lam ............... 278
miliaris! Mii 32. 222. ee Soonmecto
norvegicus Diib. & Kor.......-.-..- 278
Encope californica Ver. .......--......---. 285
emarginata L. Ag.....-.........--- 285
OTANCIS) Lee AP emeeeceeemecee anes 285
Michelin GrA goose ecn cece sce 286
micropora di Age. casesesce saascicce 286
Evechinus chloroticus Ver-........-=------- 280
Fibularia volva L. Ag -...-....-.- eee ee eee 280
Goniocidaris canaliculata A. Ag........---- 263
Hemiaster cavernosus A. Ag..........----- 289
WITTE ZT CAGRA fee en a aires osetia 289
Heterocentrotus mammillatus Br .-...-.--.- 269
trigonarius Br ............ 269
Hipponoé depressa A. Ag -.....cne-—-. 279
esculenta A. Ag ............-..-- 279
variegata A. Ag............--..- 280
| Homolampas fragilis A. Ag ...............- 287
1886. ]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
293
Alphabetical index of the species of Echini, §c.—Continued.
Laganum Bonani Klein
depressum Lesson -.--..---------
PuiMama Barn <0 - osm ee l=
Linopneustes longispinus A. Ag ...-....---
Lovenia cordiformis Liitk...............-..
Macropneustes spatangoides A. Ag..-...-.
Maretia:planulata Gray ..------..--.-+-.--.
Mellita longifissa Mich............-.....---
TROHORY Wiis) ioe. coo sopboScdecoseneeoe
sexforis A. Ag
testudinata Klein ........2..-.....-
Meoma) erandis Gray..=----...<--.----2-----
VONICOSAP UDR =< satan ims siciniinisin's
Mespilia globulus L. Ag.-.--. Beinn Cateraayeiapeie
Metalia pectoralis A. Ag ...........--......
Sher ahist Gave ecricitemi-cctal> anne
Microcyphus maculatus Ag.......--..-.---
Moira atropos A. Ag..-...--.--- Ute acer
Neolampas rostellata A. Ag.......-..----.-
Paleobrissus Hilgardi A. Ag
Palzotropus Josephine Lovén......--..---
Paleopneustes cristatus A. Ag..........---
hystrix A. Ag
Parasalenia gratiosa A. Ag..-......---.----
Periaster limicola A. Ag
Peronella decagonalis A. Ag
Phormosoma placenta Wyv. Th..-........-.
uranus Wyv. Th
Phyllacanthus annulifera A. Ag.-........--
dnbiase Te ssc res necsee ees
gicantearAs Ags ssc. cate
AMPCMAUIS HEL ss amcsiaste ae eres
Phymosoma.crenulare A. Ag............---
Podocidaris sculpta A. Ag............-----
Porocidaris Sharreri A. Ag ..........-..-.-
Pourtalesia Jeffreysi Wyv. Th -............
Pseudoboletia indiana A. Ag...............
‘ Page.
Rhynchopygus pacificus A. Ag .-.-...---.- 287
Rotula Augusti Klein...-.........--....... 285
Salenia Pattersoni A. Ag ...........-...... 263
VATISDIN DEA AD oe Sete emanate 263
Salmacisitlobaton LA ge. oot ecneeseaee ce 277
Tais plas A\C) jo <cce ew scci-s-e 277
Schizaster canaliferus L. Ag..........-.-.. 291
fra CTSA ee acess pa= sos 291
Orbignyanus A. Ag............. 292
Spatangus purpureus Leske...........-.--- 288
Raschi) Loyén)-.--.---cess<n=-- ata a
Spherechinus granularis A. Ag..-...--..--. 276
pulcherrimus A. Ag......--.. 276
Stomopneustes variolaris L. Ag......------ 271
Strongylocentrotus albus A. Ag.....--..--- 271
depressus A. Ag ....... 271
Drobachiensis A. Ag... 271
eurythrogrammusA.Ag 273
franciscanus A. Ag.... 273
gibbosus A. Ag........ 273
globulosus A. Ag ..---. 274
intermedius A. Ag...-- 274
lividus Br ase see 274
mexicanus A. Ag ...... 274
TLOGUS PA eA eee 274
purpuratus A. Ag...... 275
tuberculatus Br......-- 275
Temnechinus maculatus A. Ag ......-.---- 276
Temnopleurus Hardwickii A. Ag........-. 276
Reynaudi L. Ag .....---+..-- 276
toreumaticus L. Ag.......-. 276
Toxopneustes maculatus A. Ag..........-- 278
mileolus! WaAps see ses cn -ess 278
semituberculatus L. Ag-.... 278
variegatus A. Ag ........... 279
Trigonocidaris albida A. Ag ...........0.-- 277
Urechinus Naresianus A. Ag...........-..- 287
NOTES ON SPECIES OF THE AUSTRALIAN GENUS PARDALOTUS.
By LEONHARD STEJNEGER.
In his “ Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum,” vol. x (1885),
p. 54, Mr. R. Bowdler Sharpe distinguishes three different forms of
Pardaloti having the “head streaked with white on hinder crown and
occiput,” as follows:
a’, Allthe primaries edged with white, forming a large wing-patch; tips of primary-
COVELUS SCATIOb i= Se oan ola soee lsbeqee ee ision aie isince = acres eae er O MILL
b'. Third and fourth primaries edged with white ; Bs of primary-coverts scarlet, or
orange Or yellow: ssn he. sssieecie eens emcees Serene sera eh ee assimilis.
. Third primary only edged with white; tips of primary-coverts always yellow..---
affinis.
The first and third of these he treats of as good species, but assimilis
he regards as ‘‘subsp. a” of P. ornatus (p. 56).
In looking over the collection in the National Museum, I find that it
possesses three specimens of true P. ornatus TEMM. (or P. striatus auc-
torum plurimorum nee GMEL.); three typical specimens of P. affinis
GOULD (= P. striatus GMEL. nec auct.*); and besides, seven specimens
which are identical with P. affinis, with the exception that they have the
tips of the primary coverts colored red and not yellow; thatis, they have
the outer edge of only the third primary white, plus a red wing spot.
These I take to be typical P. assimilis of RAMSAY, for the reason that
this author gives no other character by which to distinguish assimilis
from affinis than the color of the wing spot.t I may also mention that
a specimen from New South Wales (U.S. Nat Mus., No. 88285), which the
National Museum in 1882 received from the Linnean Society of that
province is marked ‘Pardalotus assimilis 6.” The specimens under
consideration consequently differ somewhat from Mr. Sharpe’s six speci-
* Mr. Sharpe hasalready pointed out the fact that P. striatus GM. is not ornatus TEMM.,
and he has also hinted at the probability of the former being Gould’s affinis. La-
tham in his description mentioned the black head with the white stripes, the yellow
supraloral spot and the yellow tips to the outer wing-coverts, ‘‘ making an oblique mark
near the outer edge of the wing.” If, therefore, his bird is a Pardalotus at all, its char-
acters fit very well the species in question. Latham does not give any locality, and
Gmelin’s assertion of its habitat being South America is, therefore, evidently an in-
vention of his.
t His definition is as follows (Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, II, 1878, p. 180, foot-
note): ‘Tips of spurious wings always orange-red never yellow as in P. afjinis.”
Gould also uses the term ‘‘spurious wing,” both, of course, meaning the primary-
coverts.
294
a
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 295
mens which have the * third and fourth primaries edged with white.”
He says: ‘i find, moreover, that all the birds for which I propose to
adopt Ramsay’s name of P. assimilis have, as arule, the third and fourth
primaries edged with white, the third for two-thirds of its length, the
fourth only near the base, but varying in extent and sometimes extend-
ing a good way up the edge of the feather.” Except two, none of my
specimens show the slightest trace of white on the fourth primary (ex-
cept at the tip, of course), not even at the extreme base. The only
specimens (U. S. Nat. Mus., Nos. 33048 and 99432) showing features
similar to those described by Mr. Sharpe have the middle portion of the
outer web very narrowly edged with white, while the base is left black;
but one of these specimens (No. 99432) also differs in having a similar,
though still narrower, white edge to the second primary (the first one is
narrowly edged in allof them). The tips of the primary coverts in this
specimen are orange red (they ranging in the series from scarlet ver-
mnillion to orange red) and altogether the birds look to me as only pre-
senting a slight individual variation. The next question arises as to
the similarly colored specimens of the British Museum, but I hardly
think that they can come under any other category.
Mr. Sharpe furthermore states that his assimilis have the primary
coverts all the way from pure yellow to crimson. Those with yellow
tips and white-edged fourth primary I should refer to affinis proper, to
which they apparently take the same position as does my aberrant speci-
men to true and typical assimilis.
We have, then, two forms, affinis and assimilis, the only distinguishing
character of which is the color of the tips of the primary coverts. But, :
if we have to take Mr. Sharpe’s word for it—and my series seems to
corroborate his statement—this color ‘varies from yellow and orange
to scarlet and even crimson.” It seems to me unquestionable that we
have here proven to us ‘“‘intergradation” between these two forms, and,
according to the code of nomenclature of the American Oruithologists’
Union, the names of these two forms should therefore stand as Parda-
lotus affinis (or striatus) and Pardalotus affinis (or striatus) assimilis.
Toward P. ornatus, which has all the primaries (except the second)
edged with white, I can see no intergradation, and hence the refer-
ence of asstmilis to this species is quite incomprehensible to me.
If P. ornatus must necessarily have a subspecies, such a one may
probably be found in P. melanocephalus. The only specimen of the
latter in the possession of the National Museum (No. 107515) shows
considerable tendency towards the former, and may indeed be regarded
as somewhat intermediate, for it has two distinct white stripes on the
occiput and a few white spots on the black ear-patch. At any rate,
P. melanocephalus and its yellow-rumped counterpart, P. xanthopygius,
are very closely allied to P. ornatus, and should not be separated in any
synopsis by the interposition of P. punctatus and its allies. Accord-
296 NOTES ON GENUS PARDALOTUS.
ingly I should arrange the species somewhat differently from what Mr.
Sharpe has done, and propose the following amended
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
a’, Cap and back uniform olive, the feathers slightly margined with dusky.
P. quadragintus.
a*, Cap and back colored differently, the ground-color of the former being black.
b!. Cap dotted with white or yellow round spots.
c'. Forehead concolorous with the rest of the cap; supraloral spot white; under
tail-coverts yellow.
dy Rump, Chess): s 52.2 cite esa stene cae Saiseeaescers semees P. punctatus.
@ Bump (yellow: 2 2css, sans cs sec ee tice ee eee eee eee P. xanthopygius.
ce, Forehead pale fawn, differing from the rest of the cap; supraloral spot scarlet ;
under tail-coverts yellow: a-\s--— erecta eae eee P. rubricatus.
b?. Cap without rounded spots.
c. Third (and often fourth) primaries only edged with white.
d wihips.of primary, covertsyellow s-crin. - = sine} oe ee eee eae P. affinis.
Gd.) LipsiOr primary, COVeLIS L6G esssce=tea sae ee seas eee ek P. affinis assimilis.
c*, All the primaries edged with white, forming a large wing-patch.
d'. Cap streaked with white on occiput, and ear-coverts densely spotted with
WHO Sa foe Ha Be VEE ee Ue ee EI 2 de eee eee P. ornatus.
d?, Cap and ear coverts uniform black.
2 Rum p.aullstanniyss. jee ee econ caskets P. melanocephalus.
ea hompsbrightyellow. 20 -seek 22 ete ceo oe P. uropygialis.
P. quadragintus has been made No. 1, as probably the most general-
ized form, and next to it is placed P. punctatus, which in its young
plumage shows considerable general resemblance to the green-headed
species, and which also in the white round spots on the smaller wing-
- coverts shows its near relationship.
The National Museum possesses specimens of the following species:
P. quadragintus, 2 specimens.
P. punctatus, 15 specimens.
P. xanthopygius, 1 specimen.
P. affinis, 3 specimens.
P. affinis assimilis, 7 specimens.
P. ornatus, 3 specimens.
P. melanocephalus, 2 specimens.
Specimens of P. rubricatus and wropygialis are, therefore, very desir-
able.
Among the six specimens of P. assimilis is the one brought home by
Mr. Peale (U. S. Explor. Exped.) and recorded as P. striatus.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, March 16, 1886.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 297
oe
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON SOME SPECIES OF MOLLUSKS OF
THE BERING SEA AND VICINITY.
By W. H. DALL.
(With two plates. )
In the American Journal of Conchology for 1871 (pp. 93-160, pl. 13-
16) the writer described a number of species from Bering Sea and the
adjacent Arctic region, a part of which were figured; and from 1871 to
1873 a number of additional species were characterized, and some of
them figured, in the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences.
The working up of the whole northern collections obtained by the
writer from 1865 to 1874, with additions made by himself in 1880, and
by many others between 1874 and 1886,* has been an immense task, as
yet only partially accomplished. Meanwhile the briefly characterized
species have been referred to by several authors and not always defi-
nitely understood. For this reason it has seemed well to add some
additional notes and figures, without waiting for the complete presen-
tation of the final report.
In 1878 a series of the more critical species was taken by me to
Europe and compared with typical specimens in the public museums of
Bergen, Christiania, Stockholm, Géteborg, Copenhagen, Berlin, and
London, together with specimens in the hands of Messrs. Friele, G. O.
Sars, von Maltzan, Hanley, Jeffreys, Boog-Watson, Marshall, and other
gentlemen interested in the Arctic fauna, to all of whom and to the
gentlemen in charge of the official collections in the cities above men-
tioned, especially Professors Lovén, von Martens, Liitken, E. A. Smith,
and Steenstrup, my sincere and hearty thanks are due. Careful notes
were made at the time of comparison, so it is evident that these speci-
mens have a peculiarly typical and standard character after having been
submitted to such expert criticism. The figures herewith are taken
from those specimens; the specimens themselves, with many others,
form part of the collection of the U.S. National Museum. The present
article may be regarded as a first instalment, reiated to the two which
precede it, but also having probable successors, as time permits the
discussion of the material.
Cancellaria (Admete ?) middendorffiana Dall.
Admete middendorfiana Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1834, p. 524, Sept., 1884.
In the above-mentioned proceedings reference was made to a figure
of Middendorff (Mal. Ross., ii, pl. ix, figs. 13-14) of a shel! from the Arctic
part of Bering Sea, which I took to be intended to represent a species
* Including the annual expeditions of the revenue cutters Corwin and Rush, the
collections of Messrs. Fisher, of the U. S. Coast Survey; Turner, Stejneger, Murdoch,
and others, of the Signa] Service; and of Stoney, Nichols, and other naval officers.
298 MOLLUSKS OF BERING SEA.
- obtained in the same region by inyself and by the Point Barrow expe-
dition, and which I regard as distinct from Admete viridula of authors,
My friend, Dr. Krause, in his paper on the mollusks of Bering Sea
(Arch. f. Naturg., 1885, p. 273), regards this figure as intended to repre-
sent A. viridula var. levior Leche. In the light of this criticism, and
with the aid of specimens of that variety submitted by Dr. Krause, I
have reviewed my material, consisting of some hundreds of specimens |
of all varieties of the Admete from all parts of the coasts of Alaska and
Bering Sea, as well as various parts of the Arctic Ocean. I conclude
that, whatever Middendorft’s figure may be intended to represent, the
species I referred to it is distinct from Admete and perhapsa typical
Cancellaria. Its external appearance is certainly very similar to the
variety levior, from which, however, it differs in the following particu-
lars: The shell is stout and heavy, not thin, as Admete invariably is;
the proportions and sculpture in a large series are extremely uniform,
while the Admete is very variable; the columella has a distinct siphonal
fasciole, wanting in Admete; the interior of the aperture is periodically
thickened and furnished with eighteen or twenty strong lire which do
not reach, but are separated by a smooth space from, the outer lip and
have no connection with the external grooved sculpture; the sculpture
is stronger and more uniform, the revolving ribs flatter than in Admete,
and there is an absence of the tendency in the latter to intercalary finer
threads. Its claim to specific rank was not disputed by any of the ex-
perts to whom it was submitted. _
An examination of several hundred Admetes does not show a single
specimen with the raised lire. The Cancellaria is a strictly Arctie
shell, and has not been found south of the northern end of Nunivak
Island by any one, while the Admete is common everywhere among the
Aleutian Islands, and in all its varieties, levior included.
Cancellaria middendorfiiana is of a chalky or porcelanous white, with
a pale yellow epidermis. An average specimen has five whorls with a
length of shell of 17.5, of aperture of 10.0, and a greatest total breadth
of 10.5™™. It has a general resemblance (such as an arctic shell may
have to a tropical one) to C. sinensis, as figured by Reeve, except that
the spiral ridges on the columella, generally two or three, are obscure
and not sbarp.
In this connection it may be observed that the original type of
Tritonium viridulum, O. Fabr., as well as the Defrancia viridula of
Moller, founded on the same specimen, is a Lela, like B. exarata, and
not an Admete at all. This has already been mentioned by Morch, and
was confirmed by an examination of the shell at Copenhagen. The
earliest identifiable name of the Admete viridula of authors is Cancel-
laria buccinoides of Couthouy (Feb., 1838); but there being already a
Cancellaria of that name, Dr. Jay in 1839 named it Admete couthouyi.
This specific name was adopted by Gould in 1841 and has several
years priority over MOller’s Admete crispa (1842). In accordance with
4
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 299
the rules of nomenclature we should not return to Couthouy’s original
specific name, but adopt the specific name which was rightfully in use
when the genus Admete was erected upon it. Hence the name will be
Admete couthouyi Jay, sp.
Mangilia levidensis Carpenter.
M. levidensis Cpr. Suppl. Rep., 1863, p. 658.
M. funebrale Dall. Am. Journ. Conch., l. ¢., p. 100, 1871.
_ The types of Carpenter’s species in the National Museum are so
rough, worn, and dilapidated that it was only by the accident of having
a badly worn specimen of funebrale to identify that I was enabled to
discover their identity. A fresh specimen which Dr. Carpenter exam-
ined was returned by him to the geological survey of California, to
whom it belonged. The name funebrale should be cancelled.
Mangilia? aleutica Dall. (Pl. III, fig. 6.)
M. aleutica Dall, l. ¢., p. 99, 1871.
This form was regarded as nearest to Bela angulosa (G. O. Sars, 1878),
which differs from it by being shorter and yet having one more whorl.
B. angulosa is also generally more uniformly and sharply sculptured.
Bela sculpturata Dall. (Pl. IV, fig. 7.)
Shell seven-whorled, turreted, white, with strong waxen yellow epi-
dermis; thin, with strong sculpture; transverse sculpture of, on the last
whorl, ten strong squarish ribs and numerous fine and occasionally im-
pressed lines of growth; longitudinal sculpture of a distinct angulation
of the whorl, in front of the anal fasciole, which on the transverse ribs
develops into stout swellings, which in the earlier whorls are con-
nected by an obscure rib; the whole surface of the whorl is covered
with rather wide and shallow grooves and their even wider interspaces ;
the grooves are closest and finest on the canal and behind the angula-
tion, and faintest or nearly absent on the periphery; anal notch very
shallow, fasciole nearly obsolete. Operculum short, triangular, yel-
lowish brown. Greatest length of shell 12.3, of aperture 5.5; greatest
width of shell 4.5™™. Habitat: Aleutian region, Chiachi Islands, etc.,
to the Queen Charlotte Islands and Vancouver district.
This shell can only among European species be compared with Sars’s
angulosa, than which it is more coarsely and rudely sculptured (the
figure does not show this feature with sufficient emphasis), the trans-
‘verse ribs less or not at all flexuous, the longitudinal sculpture less fine
and much less uniformly distributed. The Alaskan shell is also some-
what stouter in the same length than the Norwegian one.
Bela alaskensis Dall. (PI. IV, fig. 3.)
Mangilia? alaskensis Dall, 1. ¢., p. 98, 1871.
Bela alaskensis Krause, Wiegm. Arch., l. c., p. 279, pl. xviii, figs. 5, 17, 1885.
Dr. Krause has figured a particularly smooth and white specimen,
but I have found since my original description was published that the
300 MOLLUSKS OF BERING SEA.
shell varies much in strength of sculpture, and in color from dark red-
brown to white. I therefore figure one of the original types to show
the range of variation.
I would note that the second part of Vol. VII of the Am. Journal of
Conchology, in which my descriptions were published, was issued No-
vember 2, 1871, though the fourth part did not appear until 1872;
therefore the quotation of the species should -take the date of their
effective publication and not of the subsequent completion of the volume.
Bela levigata Dall. (PI. III, fig. 7).
B. levigata Dall, l.¢., p. 98, pl. 16, fig. 7, 1871.
This species has been identified by Prof. Sars with B. gigas Verkru- |
zen (= arctica A. Ad. = simplex Midd. and perhaps = Defrancia Beckit
MOller,* from an inspection of his type). Though the conclusions of so
eminent a naturalist are not to be treated lightly, 1 cannot, after study
of abundant material, feel entirely satisfied that the Norton Sound shell
is the same as the very much larger form to which it has been referred.
The specimens were found abundantly, were uniform in size, and pre-
sent every aspect of adult shells. The length of the type specimen,
which agrees with the others, is 7.0™". The average length of speci-
mens of B. simplex or gigas, of the same number of whorls, is 9.0™™, and
adult specimens are from 18-20.0"" in length. Both forms have a mi-
croscopic striation, stronger in the young shells. If the two are identi-
cal, levigata is rather a dwarf variety than a merely young stage of the
species. Between Bb. simplex, arctica, and gigas, allowing for the ordi-
nary individual variation, there is no difference whatever, and the im-
pression left on my mind, after examining the type specimen of B. Beckit
of Moller, was that it was rather an immature specimen of the same
species, which I noted at the time. To assist in clearing up the ques-
tion I give an enlarged figure of the type specimen of B. laevigata.
Bela aibrechti Krause. (PI. IV, fig. 1).
BL. albrechti Krause, 1. ¢., p. 276, pl. xviii, figs. 3, 11.
I add a figure taken from a fine specimen taken at Port Clarence,
Bering Strait, in 1866, having a length of 11.2™™. This is a strictly
arctic species. It is quite distinet from any other species. Mine are
pure white, with a gray-green thick epidermis.
Bela harpa Dall. (PI. IV, fig. 2.)
B. harpa Dall. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, p. 523.
I add a figure of this remarkably clearly cut species, taken from the
type specimen 17.0 millimeters in length. The longitudinal sculpture,
on the whole, is more pervasive than shown in the figure, where only
the stronger grooves are represented. The shell has a reddish tinge,
*Morch (Moll. Grénl., 1875, p. 128) regards this as a variety, ventricosa Mirch, of B.
violacea Mighels. But it seems to me that the violacea series is entirely distinct from _
the laevigata series.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 301
with the color fading into white toward the apex. This shell is rare,
and also strictly arctic. Professor Sars and Mr. Friele, to whom it
was submitted, in 1878, considered it a good species. Its nearest rela-
tive would seem to be B. plicifera S. Wood, which differs, being larger,
with fewer ribs, and without the sharp spiral grooves which are the
most salient character of B. harpa. It is also differently proportioned,
with a relatively longer spire and smaller aperture.
Bela krausei Dall. (PI. IV, fig. 4.)
I have a third species to add to the group to which the two previously
mentioned forms belong, and which is characterized by a fine, sharp,
but peculiarly appressed, sculpture. The present shell is the smallest
of the three.
Shell smail, elongate, ovate, compressed, with about six whorls and a
rather large smooth nucleus; tranverse sculpture of, on the last whorl,
about twenty-six broad flattened waves, strongly flexed, most elevated
over the fasciole, and becoming narrower and less prominent anteriorly ;
the outer angle of the anal notch is rather prominent and makes an
angulation especially of the earlier whorls, which fall away in a pecu-
larly flattened manner to the suture; longitudinal sculpture of fine
sharp grooves, which pass uniformly over the ribs and interspaces, are
somewhat stronger on the earlier whorls and very uniform, only a little
coarser on the canal. The notch is more marked than usual in Bela;
the shell is pure white and the epidermis grayish yellow and quite
strong; length of shell 9.0, of aperture 4.7, width of shell 3.2™™.
I am pleased to name this species, which has been in my hands some
twelve years, under a manuscript name which is now otherwise occu-
pied, to Dr. Arthur Krause, whose excellent work on the Bering Sea
mollusca is well known. ‘This species is extremely rare; the specimen
figured came from Port Etches, Alaska, where it was dredged on a
muddy bottom in fifteen fathoms, in 1874.
Bela solida Dall. (PI. III, fig. 4).
Shell solid, short, stout, with five strongly sculptured whorls and a
small smooth nucleus; color a faint blush of salmon covering the white;
epidermis very thin, smooth, and adherent; transverse sculpture of, on
the last whorl, thirteen stout, shouldered, prominent, rather sharply
rounded ribs, which pass over the periphery and disappear at the ante-
rior third of the whorl; they cross the anal fasciole with but little flexure,
but curve forward from the angulation (generally more decidedly than
the figure indicates), at which they are somewhat swollen, with about
equal interspaces; longitudinal sculpture of numerous equal uniform
grooves, with convexly rounded subequal interspaces, faint on the anal
fasciole, but covering the rest of the shell with remarkable uuiformity,
averaging five or six to the space of a millimeter; one or two stronger
ones follow the angulation of the whorl, but not prominently; pillar
stout, white; anal notch obsolete; operculum short, broad, thin, yellow-
302 - MOLLUSKS OF BERING SEA.
ish. Greatest length of shell 13.0, of aperture 8.0; greatest breadth of
shell 7.0
This very characteristic species seems to have no analogue in Euro-
pean seas. It is found abundantly in the western Aleutians, generally
in about ten fathoms, and especially on a sandy bottom. It does not go
into truly arctic waters and varies less than most of the genus. The
type figured came from the harbor of Kyska.
There are a large number of undetermined species of Bela from Ber-
ing Sea in the collection, some of which will probably prove new, but
I have thought best to refer only to those.about whose novelty there
seemed to be no question. The group is one of the most difficult to
determine on account of the variability of some of the species, many of |
which have also well-defined large and small races, otherwise similar
in all respects.
Sipho martensi Krause.
S. martensi Krause, 1. c., p. 287, pl. xvili, fig. 18, 1885. Dall, 1. c., p. 525, 1884.
Fusus (Euthria) conulus Aurivillius, Vega Exp. vet. arb., iv, p. 354, pl. 13, fig. 6,
1885.
This fine species has received two names, almost simultaneously. I’
am not aware which has precedence, but the species was referred to,
under the name of martensi, by me before either description was pub-
lished, as above mentioned. It seems to be a strictly Arctic species,
and was obtained by the Vega off Cape Shelagskoi in twelve fathoms,
and southwest of St. Lawrence Island, in Bering Sea, in fifty-five fath-
oms. I obtained it in the Arctic Ocean, north of Bering Strait, in
twenty fathoms, mud, in 1880. Notwithstanding the shape of the shell
I doubt its being a typical Huthria, none of which are known from
northern seas.
Trophon muriciformis Dall. (Pl. IV, fig. 6.)
Trophon Dalli Kobelt, Mon. Trophon, Mart. & Chemn. Neueste ausg., q. v.
This fine shell has been renamed by my friend Dr. Kobelt on account
of the existence of a shell, which he refers to Trophon, but which Amer-
icaa conchologists refer to Stimpson’s genus Hupleura, namely, the Buc-
cinum muriciforme of King and Broderip (Zool. Journ., v, p. 348). The
T. muriciformis has not been well figured, the only specimen I had to
spare Dr. Kobelt being worn and discolored by a growth of Halisarca,
while that figured by Aurivillius is evidently somewhat worn.
In the colored copies of Tryon’s Manual I find it figured of a dull
green, perhaps copied from Kobelt’s figure, but when in good condition
the shell itself is of a creamy translucent white, with a chalky super-
ficial stratum. In some specimens the triangular spines are continuous,
with hardly raised lamelle; but in the original type the lame!le are
hardly visible, and the spines, showing somewhat translucent, project
from the opaque white surface as if they had been stuck on artificially.
It is a native of the Arctic coast of Alaska, and very rare. The Vega
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 303
dredged two somewhat worn specimens in Bering Sea, southwest from
St. Lawrence Island, in fifty-five fathoms.
A similarly coronated species, but of very much smaller size, is in
the British Museum from New Zealand, acquired with the Cumingian
Collection, and was the type of Trophon coronatus Adams (P. Z.S8., 1862,
p. 429). Similar specimens were obtained by the Challenger in those
seas in very deep water. In the British Museum I found a specimen
labelled Trophon goodridgii Forbes, 1852, from the Herald voyage, which
appears to be identical with an adolescent stage of T. muriciformis. It
would seem, however, that this name was never published, and I have
not found any reference to it in any publication I have been able to
consult. Froma remark of Forbes in the Annals and Magazine of Natu-
ral History, 1852 (vol. x, pp. 305-6), it is probable that this specimen
came from Cape Kruzenstern, Kotzebue Sound.
The death of Forbes occurred in 1854, when only the vertebrates of
the zoology of the Herald voyage, which he edited, together with two
short papers in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, with prelimi-
nary descriptions of a few mollusks, had been published. This proba-
bly accounts for the absence of the report on the invertebrates which
he was so well qualified to prepare.
In this connection it may be noted that Trophon stuarti Smith (P. Z.
S., 1880, pl. xlvili, fig. 6, p. 481), from Vancouver Island, is a fine pale
specimen of the Alaskan and Oregonian T. orpheus Gould, and the T.
maltzani of Kobelt seems very likely to prove one of the numerous va-
rieties of 7. tenuisculptus Cpr., itself close to craticulatus Fabr.
Genus STROMBELLA Gray.
It is generally acknowledged that, as between a generic name prop-
erly characterized and one which is a mere naked interjection into
literature, that which is characterized should stand, and especially
when it is anterior in date, though it has the right to stand apart from
the question of date. Of course a naturalist having the benefit of
science at heart would not intentionally duplicate names, but would
adopt and characterize the one already given if “determinable. But
most naturalists are content to go by habit or custom, and in doubtful
points accept without verification very doubtful or inadequate determi-
nations. In the case of the present genus such an instance exists.
There is, in a catalogue by Schleuter, the name Strombella without .
any means of identification whatever, and were it correctly identified
with a type which has been assigned to it, it would still be a synonym.
For us, therefore, the name Strombella Schleuter is an echo of vacancy,
a nothing. Gray characterized briefly, but sufficiently, his genus
Strombella at a later day, and shortly after this Méreh injected a “ cata-
logue name,” Volutopsius, into his list of Greenland mollusea, which was
- only characterized by him much later, and amended to Volutopsis by
304 MOLLUSKS OF BERING SEA.
others. Yet this name has attained general currency, because (proba-
bly) of an attempt of the brothers Adams in their ‘ Genera” to treat
Strombella Schleuter as having entered into nomenclature.
In the Annales de la Société malacologique de Belgique (iv, 1869, p. 20)
Moreh cites “ Fusus (Pyrolofusus Beck) deformis” from Spitzbergen.
But Beck’s name does not appear in any publication previously, and is
not defined or characterized here or elsewhere by himself or by Mo6rch.
In April, 1873, the writer characterized the subgeneric group, which
includes Neptunea harpa Morch and Fusus deforme Gray, under the
pame of Heliotropis, with the first-mentioned species as type. If he
had known of Morch’s citation of Beck’s manuscript name, he would
have adopted it, not because it had any right to stand, but to savea
synonym.
Against this case is a similar one, which should meet with the same
treatment whatever may be the decision. In 1879 there were distributed
to all persons known to be interested in northern mollusks a set of
plates belonging to my report (unavoidably delayed in MSS.) on the
Bueccinide of the Alaskan fauna, some fifty copies in all, properly
lettered with the names of the species by the engraver. I had found
on dissection that the rhachidian tooth of the radula in Chrysodomus
crebricostatus Dall (1877) was smooth and flat (as in Liomesus), and in-
terealated in the legend of the plate the subgeneric name Beringius for
this species, in recognition of this feature, which was fully character-
ized and figured in my manuscript. Subsequently my friend, Mr.
Friele, in his researches on the mollusea of the Norwegian North At-
lantic Expedition, discovered the same peculiarity in Fusus turtoni,
which he accordingly separated under the name of Jumala.
Now, I am far from claiming that if the other characters coincide
Beringius should take precedence of Jumala ; on the contrary, I be-
lieve it should not, and that Mr. Friele’s name should stand; but it
would seem as if one rule should apply to all cases of the kind, and
that the unrecognizable names of Schleuter and the undefined catalogue
entries of later writers, such as Pyrolofusus and Volutopsius, should
not be quoted to the discomfiture of more conscientious or more thor-
ough workers, or gain, by their mere existence, any standing in nomen-
clature.
Cerithiopsis (steynegeri, var. ?) truncatum, n. s. (Pl. IV, fig. 5).
Among the small shells inhabiting the canals of Cliona and other
‘“bread-sponges,” and not found elsewhere, was detected at Unalashka
a small Cerithiopsis very similar in sculpture to C. stejnegeri, but dis-
tinguished by a remarkable peculiarity not noticed in any other species
of the genus known to me. The nuclear whorls, amounting to one and
a half, were of a (for the species) very large size and of a soft, almost
fleshy, consistency ; in drying, this broke up spontaneously and disap-
peared. The first shelly whorl is about the size of the fourth whorl in
ag) ee
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 305
C. stejnegeri, and from this point the shell is subcylindrical, strongly
decussately sculptured, with the same number of revolving and trans-
verse threads as in C. stejnegeri ; but the sculpture is less flattened and
at the intersections forms a node; the base is faintly or not at ali seulp-
tured ; the specimens, none of which seemed quite mature, had about
four whorls after the truncation ; the color, a pinkish, very light brown,
differs from that of C. stejnegeri, which is deep wine color, and has a
glassy gloss, while C. truncatum is dull-surfaced. I have had a doubt
as to whether the peculiarity might not be pathological, but the num-
ber of similar specimens observed seems too great. Lon. of shell, 3.3;
lat., 2.0™". Habitat, Unalashka and Chica Islands, in sponges at low-
water mark, 1874.
The C. stejnegeri has been collected from the Shumagins to Bering
Island. The only other species of the group yet found in Alaska, so
far as I know, are dead specimens of a large form resembling C. emer-
soni or tuberculata, which have been found very rarely at Sitka, and
once at Unalashka, from low-water mark to 12 fathoms.
Velutina conica, n. s. (Pl. LI, fig. 10).
Shell solid, strong, white, with an imperceptible or extremely thin
epidermis ; finely striate in each direction, four-whorled, the last much
the largest; suture narrow, but channeled; aperture oblique; axis
within the columella not pervious to the eye; columella narrow, strong,
with a light wash of callus, and no umbilical chink ; alt. of shell, 10.0;
of aperture (parallel to the axis), 7.5; max. lat. of shell, 7.6™™.
Found at Unalashka, Kadiak, and other places in the Aleutian re-
gion ; not uncommon at depths of 5-15 fathoms. Specimen figured,
from Unalashka.
This species differs from its relatives in the same region by its want
of a perceptible epidermis, its solidity, its conical shape, in wholly con-
taining the soft parts without any exceptional contraction by the ani-
mal, and in its narrow columella. There is no closely analogous Euro-
pean species, nor is this one yet reported from the Oregonian region.
The fine wavy longitudinal striz are not perceptible without a glass;
to the eye, except for lines of growth, it appears smooth.
Family RISSOID 44.
This group is very sparsely represented in these seas—a fact which
may be contrasted with the abundance of individuals and even of spe-
cies on either side of the North Atlantic in the same latitude. The
only form which was found anywhere abundantly was the Cingula ro-
busta, and even in that case the abundance was but relative. A résumé
of the principal forms collected, with figures, may be of use. Several of
them appear closely related or identical with forms of north European
waters.
Proc. N. M. 86-——20 October 19, 1886.
306 MOLLUSKS OF BERING SEA.
Cingula robusta Dall.
C. robusta (Dall MS.) Krause, !. ¢., p. 270, t. xvii, fig. 1, a-b.
This species has been well figured by Dr. Krause, who kindly adopted
the manuscript name under which I have sent out numerous specimens
during the twelve years it has been in my collection. Since his paper
was received I have been informed that the name robusta has been used
for another species of the same group. Not having the means of veri-
fying this statement at the present moment, I propose to figure the two
extreme forms under which I have found this species at Kyska Harbor, |
Aleutian Islands, and to apply varietal names to them ; the name re-
ferring to the stout variety to be adopted for the species in case it be
found necessary to drop the name of robusta.
Cingula robusta var. martyni Dall (Pl. III, fig. 9).
This is the most common and apparently the normal form, collected
by me in the Aleutians and by Krause at Plover Bay, Eastern Siberia.
The specimen figured is 5.0™ long. It is dedicated to the naturalist
Martyn, whose beautiful figures in the Universal Conchologist gave the
first adequate representation of some of our best known species from
Northwest America.
Cingula robusta var. scipio Dall (Pl. IV, fig. 10).
This form is much rarer than the preceding, about 1 per cent. of
those collected being of this sort, but with a certain number of interme-
diate grades. Should the differences be sexual, as in some Hydrobiine,
these slender ones would be males. There seems to be no other dif-
ference than that of form, faint revolving lines being occasionally pres-
ent in both; both are of the same reddish grape-color with whitish
bloom, and whitish border to the aperture. The figures are on the same
scale and show the proper relative proportions.
Onoba saxatilis Méller (Pl. III, fig. 8).
Rissoa (Paludinella) saxatilis Moller, Ind., p. 9, 1842. (f. Friele.)
Rissoa arctica Loven (f. G. O. Sars, Friele).
? Cingula leptalea Verrill, Tr. Conn, Acad. VI, p. 182, pl. 32, fig. 10, 1884.
The specimens identified by both Sars and Friele with sawatilis of
Miller have from four to five whorls and vary between 2.25 to 2.75™™ in
total length. The Alaskan specimen above figured is full-sized, being
2.75™ in length. The fine spiral sculpture is only feebly developed, and
varies with different specimens of savatilis. The outline, &c., agreeing
so closely with Professor Verrill’s figure, and the other charaeters being
very much the same, I cannot help suspecting that his leptalea may prove
to be only a finely developed sazatilis. The identification of the Nor-
wegian form with C. aculeus Gould and both with R. saxatilis or arctica,
as made by Prof. G. O. Sars, seems more than doubtful and requires con-
firmation, though both may be found on the Norwegian coast. The New
England aculeus is certainly not the same as the arctic specimens from
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 307
Alaska or Greenland, which are not over one-half the size of aculeus,
which is about 4.00 to 4.25" long. It is much nearer to R. provima
than to R. striata ; indeed, it does not seem from my specimens especially
close to O. striata as has been claimed.
The species is extremely rare in the Aleutian Islands, where a few
specimens were obtained at Nazan Bay, Atka Island, from the ripple-
marks on the sandy beaches.
Onoba cerinella Dall (PI. IV, fig. 12).
This species is quite close in form to O. proxima Alder, as figured by
Jeffreys and G. O. Sars. It differs from that species in the total ab-
sence of spiral striation, in having a less truncated apex and one less
whorl in the same length, 3.0™™. There is a slight chink behind the
reflexed inner lip, the surface is smooth but not polished, the sutures
distinct but not deep. A few specimens collected at Atka Island with
the last specimens were regarded as distinct from O. proxima and other
related European forms by those who examined them, in 1874.
Onoba aleutica Dall (Pl. ITI, fig. 11).
Shell resembling C. minuta Totten, but more slender and smaller; less
slender and drawn out than O. aculeus Gould, and having no spiral lines
like the latter; color light warm brown; surface smooth, with faint
growth lines, no spiral sculpture; loosely coiled; the aperture simple,
peritreme continuous, slightly reflexed, its edge black, inside whitish,
hardly touching the body whorl and with a chink, or umbilical space
extending far behind it, but not into the axis. Shell often eroded in
spots, thin, with distinct sutures and neatly rounded whorls. Extreme
length of specimen figured 3.5°™, Very rare in ulve at Unalashka,
Aleutian Islands, 1874.
Alvanea castanea Moller, var. alaskana Dall (Pl. IV, fig. 9).
? Rissoa castanea M@ller, Index, p. 9, 1842. Sars, Moll. Reg. arct. Norv., p. 174,
pl. 10, figs. la-d.
A shell found at Nunivak Island in 1874, and figured above, was re-
ferred to MGller’s species by both Friele and Professor Sars. It differs
from the typical form in having the same number of whorls in five-
eighths the length of the former, in the greater prominence of the
wrinkles extending forward from the sutures, and in being much thinner
than the castanea generally is. I am informed that the castanea is a very
variable form, and notwithstanding the typical castanea has not yet
been found in Alaska, I prefer until the receipt of more information to
refer this shell to it as a variety. The specimen figured is 2.5™”, in
length, and of a pink color, fading into white toward the apex, with
traces of a pale thin smooth yellowish epidermis.
Alvania castanella Dall. (PI. III, fig. 5.)
The verdict on this species, after comparison with all those of North
Europe and Greenland, was that it was nearest to but distinct from
308 MOLLUSKS OF BERING SEA.
castanea. It has about five whorls, spirally sculptured; the nucleus
smooth and white, the rest waxen, with a pinkish or brownish flush;
the surface when denuded of the thin epidermis appears vitreous. The
sculpture is not of flattened threads, as in castanea, but of up to as many
as twelve sharp ridges, separated by shallow channels or grooves, ex-
cavated as if made with a carpenter’s gouge; there are sometimes as
few as six or seven ridges on the body whorl, the others becoming ob-
solete. The peritreme is continuous, slightly thickened, with a chink in
the umbilical region; the total length of the specimen figured is 2.7™™,
There is no transverse sculpture, except the faint markings due to
lines of growth. The spiral sculpture grows stronger toward the shoul-
der of the whorl, as is generally the case, and this tends to give the
shell a slightly turreted aspect.
Alvania aurivillii Dall. (PI. IV, fig! 8.)
Shell waxen or yellowish, with five and a half or six whorls; nucleus,
two whorls, white smooth and polished; remainder strongly sculptured
with (on the last whorl) about eight strong revolving ridges, narrow
but flat-topped, except in the very young shell, where they are some-
times almost sharp-edged; the anterior and posterior threads are gen-
erally the faintest, the others, except in the completely adult, angulate
the outer lip at their intersection with it; the one just in front of the
suture is sometimes a little nodulous in the early whorls. In the adult
the peritreme is simple, continuous, and slightly thickened; there is a
distinct though very small umbilicus; the total length of the specimen
figured is 4.3™™.
I have dedicated this species, the finest of the group in Alaska, to
Mr. Carl Aurivillius, whose work on the gastropods of the Vega expe-
dition has recently appeared. Its distinctness from other described
northern species has been admitted by all those who have examined it.
It seems to have no analogue in European or East American waters.
The A. aurivillii inhabits the Western Aleutians, where it seems rare.
A few specimens were obtained at Adakh Island and one at Constan-
tine Harbor, Amchitka Island, 1874. They were dredged in shoal water
near low-water mark.
Macoma edentula Brod. and Sby. var. middendorffii Dall. (PI. IV, fig. 11.)
M. var. middendorffii Dall, l. ¢., p. 347, 1884.
Since calling attention to the probable varietal distinctness of this
singular form, I have made a more thorough examination of al] the avail-
able material, leaving no doubt in my mind of its distinctness from the
common 7’. calearea Chemn. or lata Midd., a short broad form of which
was described by Broderip and Sowerby as 7. edentula and well figured
in the zoology of the voyage of the Blossom (plate 41, fig. 5, and plate
44, fig. 7). TT. calcarea is found all over the Alaskan region, and its |
variety, edentula differs from the middendorffii in being of a dull calea-
reous or earthy gray or brown with a dark, fugacious epidermis, instead
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 309
of porcelanous white and almost polished, with no visible epidermis as
in fresh and living specimens of the latter shell; the variety midden-
dorffii is shorter and higher and somewhat more inflated. In the alco-
holic specimens the siphons of middendorfit are much longer than those
of the ordinary form. The inner margin of the pallial sinus in the right
valve is, in the specimen figured, nine millimeters distant from the an-
terior adductor scar; in the left valve they are only one and a half mil-
limeters apart. This specimen is 40.0™ high, 45.0™™ long, and 20.0™™
in greatest diameter. The figure is somewhat less than natural size.
This variety is rare and probably a race due to some peculiar environ-
mental conditions, such as, perhaps, a habitation in pure, clean, fine
sand or other circumstance peculiarly favorable to fine growth, com-
pactness of form, and hardness of shell. I have had it only from the
southern part of Bering Sea, St. Paul Island, Bering Island, Hagmeister
Island, and Nunivak Island, all localities where deep water and a clean
sandy bottom are the rule. It may be that in muddier localities it de-
velops into the calcarea or lata.
WASHINGTON, February 4, 1886.
DESCRIPTIONS OF PARASITIC COPEPODA BELONGING TO THE
GENERA PANDARUS AND CHONDRACANTHUS (WITH SEVEN
PLATES).
By RICHARD RATHBUN.
Genus PANDARUS Leach.
Pandarus sinuatus Say, Journ. Phila. Acad., i, pp. 436-437, 1817.
Pandarus, sp., Smith, Rept. U. S. Comm. Fish and Fisheries, part 1, p. 576
(282), pl. vii, fig. 31, 1873 (1874).
Plate V, fig. 2; plate VI, figs. 1-8; plate VI, figs. 1-8.)
In 1817, Say described, under the above name, a species of parasitic
copepod, which he stated to be of common occurrence on the dog-fish,
Squalis canis ? Mitchell. His description, though brief and unsatisfac-
tory, evidently applies to a species of Pandarus which has frequently
been taken from specimens of the dog-fish (Mustelus canis), sand-shark
(Carcharias americanus), and Atwood’s shark (Carcharodon Atwoodi),
collected in the vicinity of Wood’s Holl, Mass., by the U.S. Fish Com-
mission. The specimens from these several species of sharks differ
slightly from one another in certain minor details, but they all un-
doubtedly belong to a single species. A specimen from Atwood’s shark
has been figured in general outline by Prof. S. I. Smith (loc. cit.).
Following is Say’s description :
“P, sinuatus. Body dilated, thorax emarginate before, abdomen sin-
uate behind.
‘“‘Inhabits dogfish (Squalis canis ? Mitchell). Cabinet of the Acad-
emy [of Philadelphia]. Length, one-fifth of an inch.
“ Body longitudinally oblong quadrate; thorax transverse quadrate,
somewhat narrowed before, emarginate between the antenne, middle
of the base rectilinear and fuscous, angles projected backwards and
rounded at tips; antenne very short; anterior feet formed for suction,
at tip oval or subreniform, and placed obliquely ; scales, four subequal
ones in a transverse line at the base of the abdomen, each transverse
and rounded at tip, and two larger ones originating beneath the pre-
ceding, slightly dentate at tip, and not concealing half of the abdomen;
abdomen quadrate, as wide as the thorax but rather longer, posterior
edge with a central sinus and lateral one each side, posterior angles
acute; oviducts filiform.
“‘ Very commonly occur on this species of Squalis, attaching them-
selves more particularly about the bases of the fins. They are by no
means so active as the Caligus piscinus, which also occurs in plenty, on,
the codfish of our coast.”
The following description is drawn up mainly from specimens obtained |
from the sand-shark, but the principal differences exhibited by speci-
mens from the dog-fish and Atwood’s shark are also noted.
310
se
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. aa bl
>This species is rather below the average size for the genus, and in
shape and general appearance more closely resembles Pandarus bicolor,
of Europe, than any other described species. It may readily be distin-
guished from P. bicolor, however, by its smaller size, narrower frontal
plates, the much smaller dorsal lobe of the third cephalo-thoracie seg-
ment, and the smaller terminal caudal plate. The swimming feet, and
especially those of the fourth pair, also present considerable differences.
In dorsal view, the body is elongate-oval in outline, with the length
equal to about twice the greatest width, which is near the hinder end
of the anterior segment, or across the dorsal appendages of the second
segment. The anterior segment is moderately convex, quite regularly
semi-elliptical in outline, and about three-sevenths as long as the entire
body; length to width about as 3 to 4; or 5 to 6; anterior margin reg-
ularly rounded ; postero-lateral angles more or less acute or. slightly
rounded, moderately produced and frequently directed slightly inward.
The posterior margin, when perfect, bears three or four short, broad,
and sharply pointed teeth-like projections on each side of, and near to,
a rounded median one. More often all the projections are blunt and
rounded, and frequently the margin is more or less irregular and jagged,
with a slight irregular notch near the middle, and has but few small,
ill-defined teeth, which are seldom regularly placed, there being often
but one or two on each side of the center. The frontal shields are of
medium width, with the anterior margin generally but slightly curved
along the middle, aud the median notch of moderate size. They broaden
gradually to the point where they become free, beyond which they re-
tain a nearly uniform width, the outer extremities being more or less
regularly rounded. Sometimes they are broader and more curved on
the outer side, but in no case do they attain so great a width as in
Pandarus bicolor.
The lateral dorsal lobes of the second segment are oval in dorsal view,
and placed somewhat obliquely. The inner posterior margin generally
presents an outward curve, but is sometimes nearly straight or slightly
concave; the posterior extremity is well rounded. These lobes are
rather widely separated and overlap the appendage of the succeeding
segment but slightly, though projecting a short distance back of it, and
reaching about half way from the posterior margin of the first segment
to the posterior margin of the fourth segment.
Dorsal appendage of the third segment comparatively small, about
twice as wide as long, and with a deep sinus in the middle, which
reaches about one-half its length, and partly separates it into two equal
and very regular lobes. At the margin the sinus opens broadly with
concave sides, but farther in its edges approach more or less closely to-
gether, and are nearly parallel. In advance of the sinus there is a
circular translucent area, which, under a low-power lens, appears to
be an extension of it, and to greatly increase its length and width as
shown on plate VI, fig. 1.
312 DESCRIPTIONS OF PARASITIC COPEPODA.
Dorsal appendage of the fourth segment very large in proportion to
the preceding, and equalling or slightly exceeding the fifth segment in
width. It is broadly emarginate posteriorly, or with a short, wide
sinus, which partly divides it into two well-rounded lobes. The ex-
posed portion of the fifth segment is between one-fourth and one-third
the length of the entire body, and about one-third broader than long;
its greatest width is just back of the appendage of the preceding seg-
ment, which is but slightly, if any, wider. It narrows gradually back-
ward, the posterior extremities on each side being rather broad and
rounded, or in some cases obtusely subangular. The posterior median
sinus is large, and regularly rounded at the inner end.
The caudal plate is small, its free margin forming an are, equal to
about four-fifths the, circumference of a comparatively perfect circle,
and from one-half to two-thirds its entire length projects back of the
posterior lateral extremities of the fifth segment. The caudal stylets
are of medium size, and very thick vertically, being thickest toward
the outer margin; they narrow gradually, the outer margin being nearly
straight and the inner margin slightly curved, or more or less irregular.
The width of the stylets near the tip varies somewhat in different
specimens; in some cases the stylets taper regularly to a sharp point;
in others, the width near the tip is fully half the width at the inner end.
They terminate in three stout, pointed spines, arranged vertically and
serially, as shown on pl. VI, fig. 2, the lower spine being also the outer-
most. A smaller spine projects backward from the lower inner margin,
about one-third or two-fifths the length of the stylet from the tip, and
slightly in advance of this spine there is usually a single small seta.
The antero-lateral angles of the stylets are obtuse, and not produced
as in most species. In alcoholic preparations, two-thirds or more in
length of the stylets are visible from above. The ovigerous tubes are
nearly twice the length of the entire body. .
Specimens from the dog-fish and Atwood’s shark do not differ much
from those above described in the characters of the dorsal surface.
The frontal plates are often broader, with a more strongly curved outer
margin, in specimens from the dog-fish, while in those from Atwood’s
shark they are, if anything, a trifle narrower. The posterior margin of
the first segment is generally more regular and the spines more constant.
In the specimens from Atwood’s shark the lobes of the second segment
are proportionally longer, and that of the third segment is shorter, with
a broader median sinus.
Few of the appendages of the ventral surface present features that
are distinctively characteristic of the species, and as they are all fig-
ured on plates VI and VII, but brief mention will be made of them.
The so-called ‘‘ sucking disks” of the two anterior pairs, at the bases
of the two pairs of antennz, are, rather large, placed near together and
in parallel positions; the inner ones are somewhat smaller than the
outer, the former being oval, the latter more elliptical, in outline. The
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 313
inner joint of the anterior antenie is nearly three times as long as broad,
broadest near the outer end, and strongly and regularly curved from
the outer edge of the anterior emargination to the postero-lateral an-
gle, this entire curved margin bearing numerous long and rather stout
papille. The outer joint is a little more than one-third the length of
the basal, and about twice as long as broad, its distal end with a cluster
of small sete; two similar sete project from the posterior margin near
the outer end. The terminal joint of the second antennze bears two
small, slender spines on the basal portion, the distal portion being stout
and slightly curved.
The swimming feet of the first pair vary somewhat in shape in differ-
ent specimens, but the long flexible spines are the same in number and
similarly placed in all the specimens that have been examined. In the
specimen represented on plate VII, fig. 1, there is on the middle portion
of the outer side of the outer ramus a prominent raised area projecting
laterally, and with convex surface, not existing in the other specimen fig-
ured (fig. 2). The same character occurs, however, on specimens from
all three species of sharks. The two rami of the second pair of feet are
of subequal length, the outer being slightly shorter than the inner.
The terminal joint of the outer ramus is about two-thirds as long as
that of the inner, quite regularly oval in outline and with nine marginal
spines, arranged mainly along the end and the inner margin, the four
outermost being much the largest. The terminal joint of the inner
ramus is about twice as long as broad, and broadens gradually from
the base to near the end; it bears five slender spines on the inner
margin at the tip, and immediately in advance of them, on the inner
margin, there is occasionally an additional minute spine. The four
outermost spines are subequal in size and curve outwards; the fifth is
smaller and curves inward.
Of the third pair of feet, both rami are about equal in length, the
terminal joint of the outer ramus being but slightly shorter than that
of the inner. The spines of the terminal joint of the outer ramus, in
specimens from the sand-shark, are eight in number and vary some-
what in size, as Shown in the drawing, and all but one curve outward;
on the corresponding joint of the inner ramus, the two outermost spines
only curve in the same way. In specimens from the dog-fish and At-
wood’s shark, both rami are somewhat smaller than in those from the
sand-shark, and the innermost terminal spine of the inner ramus is want-
ing, leaving only the two curved spines; on the terminal joint of the
outer ramus, the innermost spine is lacking in the dog fish specimens
and oceasionally in those from the sand-shark, and this and the next
succeeding one are not found in the specimens from Atwood’s shark,
Inside of the rami there is a large, well-rounded, lobe-like extension of
the basal joint, which is often much larger than represented in the figure.
The fourth pair of feet vary considerably in size and shape, but are
314 DESCRIPTIONS OF PARASITIC COPEPODA.
essentially alike in all the specimens examined. Four figures are given,
two from sand-shark specimens, and one each from the dog-fish and At-
wood’s shark; these serve to represent the principal differences ob-
served. The basal joint is very large, with a notch of variable size on
the outer margin. The rami are larger in the sand-shark specimens
than in those from the other species, and there is considerable variation
in their outline; the outer ramus has four spines at the outer end, with
sometimes a smaller one on the outer margin, slightly in advance of the
latter; a small curved spine also projects from the same margin near the
middle. The inner ramus is without spines. In Pandarus bicolor, the
fourth pair of feet are quite unlike those of this species, the rami being
much longer, more slender, and of an entirely different shape.
The ventral caudal plate is shorter than the dorsal, and slightly con-
cave along the middle of the posterior margin.
There is considerable variation in the color of this species. In aleo-
holic specimens the prevailing color of the dorsal surface of the first
four segments is a dull yellow, or yellowish white; the fifth segment is
sometimes of the same color, but generally darker, and with a grayish
or brownish tinge; the caudal plate is nearly white, or slightly yellow-
ish. In most specimens there are two bright-brown or brownish-black
spots close to the front margin, one on each side. These often extend
backward a variable distance, and sometimes unite in front to form a
horseshoe-shaped figure, which may cover a greater or less extent of
surface. The dorsal lobe of the fourth segment is generally marked
with the same color, which may form a central dot, nearer the posterior
than the anterior margin, or a broad blotch covering the greater part
of the lobe. Specimens from the dog-fish are usually darker than those
from the sand-shark or Atwood’s shark, and the brown or blackish mark-
ing often covers most of the first segment, leaving only an elongate
median light space of variable width. The same markings frequently
extend to the lobes of the second and third segments, and that of the
fourth segment is generally entirely dark.
The length of the body, exclusive of the ovigerous tubes, is between
7™™ and 8™™, nearly all the specimens collected coming within those
dimensions. The drawings of appendages representing this species on
plates VI and VII have been made from alcoholic preparations, mostly
treated with a dilute solution of caustic potash, and examined under
very slight pressure.
This species is found attached to the surface of the body and to the
fins. It has been most commonly taken from the sand shark, which is
abundant in Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, but is frequently found on
the dog-fish in the same region. It has been collected only once from
Atwood’s shark, but this species of shark has not been observed since
1875. The specimens recorded in the following list were all obtained
by the U.S. Fish Commission.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 315
RECORD OF SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
From the Sand-shark, Carcharias americanus :
Vineyard Sound, Mass., 1875, 10 specimens, ? (6202, 6208*) ; 1880, 30 9 (6021);
1882, 14 9 (6028, 6030); 1883, 25 9 (6034, 6041); 1884, 109 (8121); 1485, 20
9 (10744).
From Atwood’s Shark, Carcharodon Atwoodi :
Vineyard Sound, Mass., 1871, 25 9 (6172).
From the Dog-Fish, Mustelus canis :
Vineyard Sound, Mass., 1875, 14 9 (6199, 6203); 1883, 79 (6046); 1884, 39
(8124, 8126) ; 1885, 3 2(10745).
Long Island Sound, off Noank, Conn., 1874, 1 9 (6207).
Pandarus Smithii, sp. nov.
(Plate V, fig. 3; plate VII, fig. 9.)
This is a large species, differing considerably from both P. Cranchti
and P. sinuatus, though resembling the former more closely than the
latter in general appearance. From P. Cranchit it may be readily dis-
tinguished by the shape of the frontal plates and of the anterior body
segment. The median dorsal portion of the second segment, between
the lateral lobes, is extended some distance backward, in the shape of
a transverse, chitinous plate, and the appendage of the third segment
is divided into two separate lobes. The fourth segment is exceedingly
large, while comparatively little of the fifth segment is visible from
above. In the characters of the second and third segments this species
bears some resemblance to P. lugubris Heller,+ but otherwise the two
are very unlike.
Frontal plates broad, with the anterior margins strongly and regu-
larly curved, increasing rapidly in width from the median line of the
body to the point where they become free; posterior free margin en-
tirely adjacent to the margin of the first segment; outer extremities
broadly and regularly rounded. In alcoholic specimens but a very
small portion of the basal joint of the first antenne is usually exposed
in dorsal view.
First body segment large, slightly broader than long; front margin
well rounded ; lateral margins convex, diverging somewhat rapidly for
about three-fourths the length of the segment, thence bending inward
toward the postero-lateral angles, which are rounded, and extend a
moderate distance back of the median portion of the posterior margin;
posterior margin with four sharply-pointed, spine-like teeth on’ each
side of a median one, which is shorter than those adjoining it. Lateral
~ * The numbers inclosed in parentheses refer to the Crustacean record-books of the
U.S. National Museum, in which the specimens are catalogued.
t Reise der Gsterr. Fregatte Novara; Zool. Theil, Band II, p. 205, pl. XX, figs.
1, 2, 1868.
316 DESCRIPTIONS OF PARASITIC COPEPODA:
dorsal lobes of the second segment elongate-oval, about twice as long
as broad; median portion with a transverse, subtriangular, lobed plate,
as Shown in the figure. Dorsal appendage of the third segment divided
into two small, equal, and regularly curved lobes, the margins of which
meet, but do not coalesce, at the posterior extremity of the preceding
segment. Dorsal appendage of the fourth segment very large and con-
cealing the greater part of the fifth segment; width slightly greater
than twice the length; median sinus subtriangular in outline, the lat-
eral lobes formed by it semicircular in outline. Fifth segment very
Short, as seen from above, and much narrower than the preceding seg-
ment; sides strongly and regularly curved, and terminating posteriorly
in a small but prominent knob on each side of the median sinus, which
is broad, rounded, and of moderate depth.
Caudal plate rather large, subcircular in outline, narrowing abruptly
anteriorly, about two-thirds in length projecting back of the fifth seg-
ment. Caudal stylets mostly uncovered from above, moderately long
and narrow, thick vertically, and terminating in three spines arranged
vertically and serially, as in P. sinwatus. A wing-like projection ex-
tends inward from the anterior half of each stylet, and overlaps the
ventral caudal plate on the lower side.
The sucking disks of the two anterior pairs, on the ventral side of the
first segment, are of about the same width and parallel; outer ones
elongate-saboval in outline, inner about half as long as the outer, and
cut off squarely at the tront end. Rami of the posterior pair of feet
much longer and more slender than in P. Cranchii, and also somewhat
more elongate than in even extreme cases of P. sinuatus; outer ramus
with five terminal spines and one median spine on the outer margin,
Situated in the middle of a rounded notch.
The dorsal surface of the body is smooth and almost entirely of a rich
brownish black, the margins of the segments and the frontal plates being
lighter and of an amber or horn color. On the anterior portion of the
first segment there is also a transverse curved area of the same light
color. The fifth segment is blackish about the posterior kuobs and
lighter anteriorly; the caudal plate is a deep rich brown, almost black.
The above description is made up from two specimens taken trom a
dusky shark, Carcharinus obscurus (Lesueur) Jor. & Gilb., caught off
Noank, Conn., in 1874, by the U. S. Fish Commission (6193), and the
drawings are from one of the same. The same species has also been
found on a specimen of sand-shark, Odontaspis littoralis (Mitch.) Jor. &
Gilb., taken in Vineyard Sound, Mass., by the Fish Commission, in 1880
(6022), and on an undetermined species of shark from about the same
region (8119). There is only a single specimen in the lot numbered
$119. It measures 8™™ in length, and differs but slightly from the types
described above. The terminal knobs of the fifth segment are each
armed with a minute spine; the caudal plate is more elongate, being
oval in outline; and the shaft of the caudal stylets is relatively broader,
1836.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 317
with the three terminai spines arranged in an oblique series, trending
inward from the tip.
There are four specimens from the sand-shark, and they resemble No.
$119 more than they do the types, though differing somewhat from the
former. They are lighter in color, and the transverse light area on the
front part of the first segment is larger and less well-defined; the five
median spines of the posterior margin of the same segment are carried
on a slight backward projection of the margin, and the two additional
spines on each side are very small. The dorsal lobes of the third seg-
ment are widely separated throughout, and the appendage of the fourth
segment is smaller than in the types, leaving much more of the fifth
segment exposed above. The caudal plate and stylets are similar to
those of 8119; the ovigerous tubes are slightly longer than the body.
The largest of the specimens measures 9™™ in length of body, and the
others are not much smaller.
Pandarus Cranchii Leach.
(Plate V, fig. 1.)
‘ A number of specimens of this species were obtained from a large,
undetermined species of shark, taken by the U.S. Fish Commission
steamer Albatross off the Capes of Virginia, at station 2422, lat. 379°
08/ 30” N., long. 74° 33/ 30” W., June, 1835. Other American localities
for the species have already been recorded by the writer.*
Genus CHONDRACANTHUS De la Roche.
Chondracanthus galeritus, sp. nov.
(Plate VIII, figs. 1-7; plate X, figs. 1-7.)
Rather below the medium size, elongate, but exceedingly variable
shape, according to the amount of contraction or method of preserva-
tion. When most extended, the total length of the body is three or
more times the greatest width, which is across the abdomen. In much
contracted specimens, the width is sometimes nearly equal to the length,
In the former case, with alcoholic specimens, the head is generally
thrown back, the thorax and abdomen straight, smooth, and much in-
flated, as on plate VIII, figs. 1,2; in the latter, the body is more or less
compressed, and curved or twisted, the thoracic and abdominal portions
with thickened margins and more or less pronounced foldings on the
dorsal surface. Considering the former as the more normal shape, we
have confined our description mainly to it.
The head is slightly elongate, broadest near the front, and narrows
gradually backward. The dorsal portion is inflated and projects to a
greater or less extent over the ventral and basal portions, like a hood
or cap. The front margin is broad, approximately straight, the antero-
*Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. vii, 1884, p. 488.
318 DESCRIPTIONS OF PARASITIC COPEPODA.
lateral corners well rounded, the front dorsal surface divided off as
shown iw fig. 1, and the dorsal groove reaching to near the hinder end
of the hood. The thickness through the hood is nearly equal to its
width, the region about the mouth being much exsert, and the base
of the head somewhat constricted near where it joins the thorax.
In dorsal view, the thorax is rather narrow in front and bilobed on
each side, the front lobes being very small, sometimes but faintly in-
dicated, and the posterior, which immediately follow them, quite large
and regularly rounded, the width of the thorax at this point being not
very much less than that of theabdomen. The larger lobes give origin
to the second pair of thoracic appendages. The abdomen is also divided
near the middle into two segments by a rather broad and shallow con-
striction, deepest and best defined at the sides, and indicated on the
dorsal surface by a very slight transverse depression. In contracted
specimens this division is frequently more marked. The posterior seg-
ment is generally slightly longer and bro ider than the anterior, and its
length is about equal to the thickness through the abdomen. The pos-
tero-lateral prolongations of the hinder segment are rather short (a
little more than one-third the length of the segment), stout, and well
rounded at the extremities. In some cases they taper rapidly, while in
others they retain a more uniform width. The genital segment is small;
the tail very small, elongate, rounded at the end, and with two minute
appendages on the ventral side near the front, each tipped with a
single stout seta.
The anterior antenne are large, broad, flattened, but not as con-
spicuous as in Chondracanthus cottunculi, and consist of only a single
joint, although the sete at the outer end are borne ee a small, over-
lapping and elongate fold or lobe, as shown on pl. X, figs. 2,3. In speci-
mens normally preserved they stand almost entirely in advance of the
head, and reach nearly or quite to the lateral margins of the head; great-
est length about twice the greatest width; the adjacent margins slightly
overlapping. The front and inner margins are strongly convex; posterior
margin straight or slightly concave, with a small, rounded prominence
or lobe near the inner end; outer end abruptly narrowed, rounded, and
with several small sete. In contracted specimens these antenne are
often drawn down to a greater or less extent over the ventral surface
of the head, thus appearing much less eons dorsally. (See
plate VIII, ee 4 and 5.)
The spe antenne or prehensile hooks are rigid, of a light horn
color, and arise from a rather complicated frame-work of the same con-
sistency, imbedded in the soft ventral surface of the head, close to the
front margin. They are strongly incurved near the end, and terminate
in asharp point, but the lower two-thirds to three-fourths is nearly
straight. Their length, not including the incurved portion, is about
equal to the greatest width of the anterior antenne.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 319
Of the three principal pairs of mouth organs, one pair is in advance
of the mouth opening and two pairs back of it, while on each side there
is a small palpus, terminating posteriorly in two sharp spines. The
organs of the first pair are rather slender, curved, and serrated on both
margins. Of the second pair, the terminal joint is slender, very slightly
curved, and tapers gradually to a sharp point. The posterior margin
is armed with about ten acute spines, arranged in a single regular
series, extending from the tip to beyond the middle. The hinder pair
are comparatively very large, and capable of considerable extension
backward. The basal joint is very broad, the median joint of moderate
size, the terminal joint small, broad at the base, and rapidly narrowing
to a slender distal end, terminating in a rather acute point.
rs
hays ta, ig *
Rupe
eZ, |
Arrangement of mouth parts in Chondracanthus galeritus.
The thoracic appendages are comparatively small and divided at the
outer ends, for slightly more than half their length, into two subequal
portions, which are stout at the base and taper rapidly to sharp or
slightly rounded tips. The first pair originate just back of the head,
and are much smaller than the second, when compressed against the
ventral surface, scarcely reaching to the bases of the latter. The sec-
ond pair, which arises from the posterior thoracic lobes, when com-
pressed in the same manner, do not reach much, if any, beyond the
middle of the first abdominal segment. In distended specimens the
thoracic appendages project ventrally at an angle of more than 45 de-
grees, but in distorted ones they may lie more or less flat against the
surface, the posterior pair often reaching to or slightly overlapping the
second abdominal segment.
The ovigerous tubes are nearly as long as the body, sometimes longer,
large, and slightly tapering; rounded af the ends.
By contraction, or by distortion in alcohol, this species assumes very
odd and irregular shapes, which it is impossible to describe in detail ;
but it is always readily distinguished from the other species of the genus
320 DESCRIPTIONS OF PARASITIC COPEPODA.
descred in this paper, by the shape of the anterior antenne and of the
thoracic appendages. By contraction the head often becomes nearly cir-
cular in dorsal view, with the antero-lateral corners extended forward
beyond the median anterior margin, and with the thorax immediately
following the hood-like dorsal expansion. In such cases, the thorax is
also very short.
The average length of the body, in females, is about 6 or 7°™. The
color of living specimens is whitish, the head and most of the thorax
with its appendages being translucent; remainder of the body mostly
opaque; ovigerous tubes slightly yellowish. In alcohol the body be-
comes yellowish-white and the ovigerous tubes much darker. Just be-
fore hatching, the latter become pinkish, due to the color of the embryos
in the eggs. :
This species is of very frequent occurrence in the mouth of the com-
mon flounder, Paralichthys dentatus (.) Jord. & Gilb., at Wood’s Holl,
Mass., and vicinity, many specimens having been collected by the U.
S. Fish Commission in 1883 (6056, 6037, 6049, 6077, 6082). . It generally
attaches itself in the front part of the mouth, holding on tightly by
means of its hooked antennz, its head often partly buried in the soft
skin. Males are often found attached tothe females, and aside view of
a male is represented on plate VIII, fig. 7.
Chondracanthus galeritus appears to correspond more nearly, in its
general shape and characters, with Chondracanthus cornutus of Europe,
than with any other described species. I have not been able to examine
specimens of the latter speciés, but a comparison with published figures
indicates that the anterior antenne and mouth parts, at least, furnish
good distinguishing characters.
Chondracanthus phycidis, sp. nov.
(Plate IX, figs. 1-6; plate X, figs. 8-13.)
This species is of about the same length as Chondracanthus galeritus,
but generally rather stouter, when most extended about twice as long
as broad, when much contracted in alcohol fully two-thirds as broad as
long; ovigerous tubes large, straight, or slightly curved, usually about:
three-fourths as long as the body, but sometimes of about the same
length.
Head large, about one-third the length of the entire body, broadly
suboval in outline, as viewed from above, the greatest width being
nearly equal to or even slightly exceeding the length. It is more or
less abruptly narrowed toward the front, generally more so than in the
figure given, with the anterior margin straight or slightly convex in
the middle. The lateral margins diverge rapidly from the front, and
are at first slightly concave, but soon round outwardly, the posterior
two-thirds of the head in length being quite broad and with strongly
convex sides. In side view the dorsal contour is strongly arched, the
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 321
ventral concave anteriorly and strongly convex posteiorly, giving a
much greater depth to the head in the region of the mouth than at the
front, the greatest thickness being nearly equal to the greatest width.
The thorax is short and broad, not more than half as lung as, and
somewhat narrower than the head. Viewed from above it presents two
rounded lobes on each side, produced by a constriction near the front;
the anterior lobes merge into the head, the posterior are larger aud
better defined.
The abdomen enlarges abruptly from the thorax and is very broad,
especially toward the front, its greatest width being nearly equal to its
length, or even exceeding it in specimens that are much contracted.
A slight, narrow constriction at the sides partly divides it into two seg-
ments, of which the anterior is slightly longer than the posterior in
specimens in normal condition, but often very much larger in the young
or contracted ones. The greatest width of the body is across the an-
terior segment, and its thickness at the same place is considerably more
than half the width, the median ventral surface being more or less
raised and the margins broadly thickened. The postero-lateral prolon-
-gations of the abdomen are large and stout, rounded at the ends, and
generally extend obliquely downwards and backwards, though some-
times nearly at right angles to the rest of the abdomen.
The genital segment is relatively small, the tail nearly as large, globu-
lar, and reaching back nearly as far as the hinder prolongations of the
abdomen; in young specimens it projects back of the latter. The ovig-
erous tubes are of nearly uniform size throughout, or taper slightly.
The anterior antenne are very small, slender, rounded, two-jointed,
and do not reach quite to the sides of the front margin; they originate
at the extreme end of the ventral surface of the head, very near the
median line. The basal joint is elongate, and slightly constricted at
the inner end; the terminal joint is short, about one-third as long as,
and narrower than, the basal, and is rounded at the outer end, where it
is armed with several small elongate papillz; there is also one similar
papilla near the middle of the posterior margin. The posterior an-
tenn or prehensile hooks are rather large; the principal joint stout,
strongly curved throughout, and sharply pointed; the basal short and
broad. The mouth parts do not differ greatly from those of C. galeritus ;
the three principal pairs of organs are represented on plate X, figs. 10-12.
The thoracic appendages are of moderate size, relatively stout, and
notched or slightly bilobed at the ends; those of the anterior pair are
not much more than half as long as the posterior, the latter reaching to
about the middle of the first abdominal segment. The anterior pair
originate close to the head, and in side view appear subcircular or sub-
ovate in section, while the posterior are oblong or short clavate, and
about twice as long as broad. The former are but slightly indented at
the ends, each terminating in two rounded knobs, the outer somewhat
larger than the inner, and often presenting, when viewed from the ends,
¢
322 DESCRIPTIONS OF PARASITIC COPEPODA.
a Subreniform shape, as represented on plateIX, fig. 2. The latter, in ven-
tral view, are convex on the outer margin and concave on the inner,
the outer terminal knob or lobe being the largest, and projecting further
back than the inner.
The average length of adult specimens is about 5 or 5.56™", The color
in alcohol is a yellowish or dingy white, the ovigerous tubes being of a
light yellow or yellowish buff.
This species is readily distinguished from the other species described
in this paper by the shape of the head, the small size of the anterior
antenne, the stoutness of the thoracic appendages, and the shape of
the posterior part of the body, including the genital segment and tail.
It has been collected only once, about 15 specimens having been taken
from nearly as many specimens of the common hake, Phycis tenuis, col-
lected off Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., in 1883, by the U.S. Fish Com-
mission (6066). They were attached to the gills. Many of the speci-
mens are immature females, and nearly all were accompanied by a
single male each.
Chondracanthus cottunculi, sp. nov.
(Plate XI, figs. 1-7.)
Of about the same size as Chondracanthus phycidis, but readily dis-
tinguished from both that species and C. galeritus by the size and shape
of the anterior antenne, and by other prominent characters.
The greatest width of the body is equal to about one-half the length,
or slightly less. The head is considerably shorter than broad, about
one-fifth as long as the entire body, narrowed and rounded in front, the
lateral margins diverging rapidly and very convex and well rounded
posteriorly ; the greatest width is just in advance of the hinder end.
The front margin is extended laterally in the shape of two rather promi-
nent rounded knobs; the dorsal surface arches strongly and terminates
posteriorly in a raised margin or collar; on the ventral side, the lateral
margins are bordered by two broad, convex, smooth patches or cheeks.
The thorax is much constricted immediately back of the head, forming
a very short neck, from which the margins diverge very rapidly again
with a convex outline, producing a wing-like expansion on each side,
eut off squarely behind or, in some cases, sharply pointed and directed
more or less backward at the ends. This portion of the thorax is of
about the same width as the abdomen, to which it appears to belong,
but it gives origin to the second pair of thoracic appendages.
The abdomen composes about three-fifths of the body in length, its
width being nearly three-fourths its length. It is moderately con-
vex dorsally, and consists of two segments with slightly raised margins.
The posterior segment is slightly longer than the anterior; the postero-
lateral prolongations of moderate size, sometimes of nearly uniform
width with well-rounded ends, at others tapering and more pointed.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 323
Four divisions of the body back of the head are plainly distinguish-
able on the dorsal side. These are separated by three shallow but well-
defined transverse grooves, having a backward extension, as represented
on plate XI, fig. 1. The first is just back of the short neck; the sec-
ond originates at the hinder ends of the thoracic wings, and extends
some distance backward, forming three sides of a rectangular figure ;
the third starts at the median indentations on the sides of the abdo-
men, and, though similar in its course to the preceding, is somewhat
straighter. The above arrangement of the grooves is well marked on
the specimen figured, which is more perfectly preserved than any of the
others. In other specimens, they have the same relative position and
shape, but from distortion in alcohol present numerous irregularities,
and the intervening spaces are often inflated, appearing hke large
rounded knobs, while the margins may be much thickened.
The genital segment is small; the tail very small, globular, with two:
moderately long setose processes projecting from the ventral side, and
stopping some distance in advance of the posterior extremities of the
abdomen.
In lateral view the body presents a grotesque appearance, the dorsal
contour being rather strongly and regularly arched, the head and prom-
inent antenne resembling somewhat a crested helmet, and the thoracic:
appendages held out rigidly in front.
The anterior antenne are very large, prominent, flattened, irregularly
subtriangular in outline, their lateral extension being somewhat greater
than their longitudinal. Being soft and flexible, they exhibit consider-
able variation in their outline, but the inner margins are generally con-
vex and closely adjacent or slightly overlapping, the posterior and the
antero-lateral more or less concave, the former sometimes nearly straight.
At the sides they project far beyond the antero-lateral corners of the
head, their total spread being about equal to the greatest width of the
head. The lateral portions are much narrowed, rounded at the ends,
and armed with a few small sete or papille; the anterior extension
varies in width, being sometimes broadly rounded, at others more acute.
The inner posterior corners are more or less extended. Each antenna
appears to consist of only a single joint; in one specimen examined,
however (plate XI, fig. 5), there were traces of a division near the mid-
dle; but this would probably have disappeared under compression.
The posterior antenne are small compared with the anterior; they
consist of a rather small basal joint, and a stout, moderately curved
distal joint, but slightly tapering, though sharply pointed. The horny
framework to which they are attached is comparatively large and strong,
and continuous from side to side.
Figures are given of the second and third pairsof mouth organs. In
the former the terminal joint is very slender, sharply pointed, the basal
large; in the latter the terminal joint is curved and also slender, but
324 DESCRIPTIONS Oi PARASITIC COPEPODA.
abruptly enlarges at the base; the second joint is closely margined with
fine hairs along the inner margin.
The thoracic appendages are of moderate size, nearly as *iick as
wide, rather abruptly expanded and indented at the ends, as shown on
plate XI, fig. 2, the terminal projections on each side being rounded.
The first pair originate immediately back of the head, and are smaller
than the second pair, though not very much shorter. When com
pressed against the ventral surface, the appendages of the second pair
extend but a moderate distance back of the lateral thoracic wings, and
those of the first pair overlap the second but slightly. Following these
appendages, and in the same line, there is a pair of short, stout, simple
abdominal appendages, belonging to the first segment; they are some-
what conical in shape, rounded at the ends, and sometimes more or less
compressed vertically ; they are located close to the margin.
The total length of the body, including the antenne, is about 6™™,
The ovigerous tubes are slightly shorter than the body, or of about
the same length. They are comparatively large, taper but slightly,
and are rounded at the ends. The color of the body in alcohol is a
sort of yellowish white, or light flesh color; ovigerous tubes dull yel-
lowish. This species has been found on two species of Cottunculus,
living in the gill cavity. Males were attached to most of the females.
The specimens were all collected by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer
Albatross.
RECORD OF SPECIMENS EXAMINED.
From Cottunculus torvus.
Lat. 41° 11’ 30’ N., long. 66° 12’ 20’ W., 449 fath., sta. 2078; 3 specimens
(6139),
From Cottunculus microps.
Lat. 39° 58’ 35’ N., long. 71° 00/ 30” W., 197 fath., sta. 2092; 2 specimens
(6166).
From Cottunculus ?, sp.?
Lat. 39° 29’ N., long. 71° 46’ W., 693 fath., sta. 2181; 1 specimen (8454).
REFERENCE TO THE PLATES.
Fig. 1, of Plate V, was drawn by Mr. J. H. Emerton; all the other
figures are by the author, and were drawn mainly from alcoholic speci-
mens, with the aid of the camera lucida. Delicate opaque appendages
were treated with a dilute solution of caustic potash, and were observed
under as slight pressure as possible.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 325
DESCRIPTION OF A RECENTLY NEW OYSTER-CATCHER (HAMA-
TOPUS GALAPAGENSIS) FROM THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS.
By ROBERT RIDGWAY.
Hematopus galapagensis Ridgw.
? Hematopus palliatus SUND., P. Z. S., 1871, 125.—Ser. & Say. P. Z. S., 1870, 323
(Indefatigable 1).—Saty., Trans. Zool. Soe., ix, pt. ix., 1875, 502 (Indefatigable I).
Hematopus galapagensis Ripaw., Auk, iii, July, 1886, 331.
Sp. CHAR.—Somewhat similar to H. palliatus TEMM., but differing
as follows: Back, scapulars, and wings sooty black, instead of gray-
ish brown; shorter upper tail-coverts entirely black, the longer ones
white varied toward tips with blackish (the median coverts barred or
transversely spotted); under primary coverts chiefly black; white of
the wing much more restricted. Wing 10.00; tail, 3.80-3.90; culmen,
3.12-3.42; depth of bill at thickest portion in front of nostril, .50;
tarsus, 2.12-2.20; middle toe, 1.65. (Type, No. 101,319, U.S. Nat. Mus.,
Chatham I., Galapagos; Dr. Wm. H. Jones, U.S. N.).
HAB.—Chatham Island, Galapagos group.
This very distinct species, although much more closely related to
H. palliatus, bears in some respects a greater general resemblance to
H. leucopus GARNOT, from the Straits of Magellan district. Through
the courtesy of the officers of the American Museum of Natural His-
tory, in New York City, and of the Boston Society of Natural History,
I am able to make a direct comparison with the latter, and therefore
express the diagnostic characters of the two species in a synoptical
table, in which is included also the distinctive characters of H. palliatus.
a. Breast white, like abdomen, etc.; bill stout, its greatest depth forward of nostril
exceeding .45 of an inch; middle toe, with claw, more than 1.75.
b'. Back, scapulars, and wing-coverts grayish brown; upper tail-coverts entirely
white; under primary coverts almost entirely white. Wing, 9.75-11.00,
culmen 3.00-3.70. greatest depth of bill .48-55; tarsus, 2.05-2.55; middle toe
(without claw), 1.20-1.55. Hab., Atlantic coast of America, from Nova Scotia
to Patagonia, and Pacific coast, from Lower California to Chili.
H, palliatus Temm.
b?. Back, scapulars, and wing-coverts sooty black; shorter upper tail-coverts
entirely black, the larger ones white, varied at ends with blackish ; under pri-
mary coverts chiefly black. Wing about 10.00;* culmen 3.12-3.42, greatest
depth of bill, forward of nostril, .50; tarsus, 2.12-2.20; middle toe, 1.65.
Hab., Galapagos (Chatham Island)......-...-.-..--.H. galapagensis Ridgw.
a®, Breast entirely black. Bill very slender, its greatest depth, forward of the nos-
tril, not exceeding .40 of an inch ; middle toe, with claw, much less than 1.75.
Back, scapulars, and wing-coverts sooty black, with a slight greenish gloss;
uppertail-coverts (except shorter median ones) entirely white; under primary
coverts, also the most of the remaining portion of the under side of the wing,
uniform black. Wing, 10.00-10.60; culmen, 3.00-3.05, greatest depth of bill,
forward of nostril, .38-.40; tarsus, 1.75-1.95; middle toe, 1.20-1.30. Hab.,
Merraidelsbue rOvysteesacse stse Soe a a ateice ateiere dis seseraiele oa H, leucopus Garn.
* Two of the three specimens are moulting the primaries.
326 NEW SPECIES OF OYSTER-CATCHER.
The three specimens upon which the new species is founded were col-
lected on Chatham Island, Galapagos, August 16, 1884, by Dr. William
H. Jones, U. S.N., of the U. 8S. 8. Wachusett, whose memoranda rela-
tive to them are as follows:—
No. 101,319 (collector’s No. 63), adult: Bill, red; iris, golden yellow;
eyelids, red; feet, pale flesh-color. Length (before skinning), 18 inches;
extent, 32.
No. 101,321 (collector’s No. 63), adult: Bill, dark red; iris, bright
golden yellow; eyelids, bright red; feet, pale flesh-color. Length, 174;
extent, 324.
No. 101,520 (collector’s No. 65), immature: Bill, red, barely black to-
ward tip; iris, golden yellow; lids, reddish; feet, ‘slate or grayish.”
Length, 184; extent, 33.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 327
A REVIEW OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PRIONOTUS.
By DAVID 8S. JORDAN and ELIZABETH G. HUGHES.
In the present paper we have given the synonymy of the species of
Prionotus, or Sea Robins, together with an analytical key by which they
may be distinguished. The material examined by us is chiefly in the
museum of the Indiana University, having been collected mostly by
Professors Jordan and Gilbert and Mr. Silas Stearns.
Most of the characters in the following analysis have been taken from
adult specimens. Young examples in most cases differ from the adults
in the following respects, in addition to those characters which usually
distinguish young fishes:
The spines on the head are sharper, more conspicuous, and more com-
pressed in the young, and some spines, especially those on the side of
the head, disappear entirely with age. The interorbital space is more
concave in the young. The pectoral fins are also much shorter. The
gill-rakers are longer in the young, and proportionately more slender,
and some of the color markings—especially the dark cross-shades—are
more conspicuous, while the spots on body and fins are less so.
The following is the synonymy of the genus.
PRIONOTUS.
PRIONOTUS Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss. III, 37, 1802 (evolans).
ORNICHTHYS Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classn. Fishes, II, 1839, 262 ( punctatus).
CHRIOLAX Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 374 (evolans).
Type Prionotus evolans L.
The species of Prionotus so far as known are confined to the waters
of America and Japan. They may be compared as follows:
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF PRIONOTUS.
a. Dorsal rays VIII to X—11 to 13, Anal rays 11 or 12.
b. Mouth comparatively small, the maxillary less than one-third the length of the
head, the mandible not extending backward as far
as the vertical from the front of the eye; a more or
less distinct cross-groove* on top of head behind eye ;
black spot on spinous dorsal very distinct, ocellated,
confined to the membrane between fourth and fifth
spines,
e. [Pectoral fins very long, reaching base of caudal, the rays graduated, the
ninth the longest; scales small, in 109 transverse
series, 50 tubes in the lateral line; gill rakers short-
ish, 1+6 in number; body rather stout, the depth 4
in length; palatine teeth few, feeble; caudal sub-
truncate; second dorsal spine longest, half the length
of head; first spine strongly serrated in front; pre-
*Not described in P. alatus, but probably present.
328
REVIEW OF SPECIES OF PRIONOTUS.
opercular spine with a smaller one at its base ; head
2iin length. D.x-12, A.11. Body with four faint
cross-bands; caudal with black tip, and two paler
cross-shades; spinous dorsal with small dark spots
besides the large one, soft dorsal plain; pectorals”
cleuded.] (Goode & Bean) -..---.------ ALATUS, 1.
cc. Pectoral fins rather short, not reaching last ray of anal and not more than
half the length of the body ; one or two small spinules
on lower edge of preopercle, below the preopercular
spine.
d. Preopercular spine with a smaller one at its base; pectorals reaching past
middle of anal, their Jength not quite half the body ;
gill-rakers rather long and slender, about 10 devel-
oped; maxillary, 24 in head; a bluntish spine on
edge of snout behind the serre; behind this, one
or two smaller ones, at least in the young; no spine
on cheek bone; groove behind the eye evident; in-
terorbital area rather narrow, concave ; preocular,
supraocular, occipital and nuchal spines rather prom-
inent. Dorsal spines high, the third 24 in head; first
spine not serrate; caudal truncate. Head, 24 in
length; depth, 24; D. x-12, A. 12. Pores about 50.
Back obscurely spotted. Dorsal and candal fins
spotted with brown, the first dorsal with a black
blotch besides ; the pectoral with obscure dark spots,
and margined with blue”...-....---. PUNCTATUS, 2.
dd. Preopercular spine with no smaller one at its base in front; pectoral fin
short, reaching little past front of anal, its length
less than half the body; gill-rakers of moderate
length, about 10 developed; no spine on cheek bone
or on sides of snout. D. x-13, A. 12.
e. Body not very slender, the depth 5 in length; head not very small, its
length 3 in body ; groove across top of head behind
eye, very conspicuous; interorbital area moderately
concave, rather broad, about equal to diameter of
eye: bones of head comparatively smooth, the pre-
ocular, postocular, occipital and nuchal spines low,
depressed; temporal ridge conspicuous, without
spines. Dorsal spines low, the second 2} in head,
the first moderately serrate; base of soft dorsal
equal to distance from tip of snout to tip of humeral
spine; caudal fin lunate, its outer rays ¢ to ¢ longer
than inner; pectoral fin somewhat rounded, the
longest ray about the fifth; free rays of pectoral ex-
panded toward tip, with decurrent membrane; scales
rather large; about 58 pores. Body and fins nearly
plain, mottled with darker, but without well-de-
fined spots except the dorsal ocellus; back with four
obscure cross-blotches; two or three oblique pale
streaks across spinous dorsal. Gill-membranes dusky.
Young with head rougher, pectoral fins shorter,
dark spots on body more distinct. ...CAROLINUS, 3.
ee. Body very slender, the depth about 64 in length; head short, 3% in length ;
groove across top of head behind eye, little conspic-
uous; interorbital area narrow, deeply concave; its
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 329
width about % the diameter of the eye; bones of
head very smooth, the striations very weak; spines
on top of head (preocular, supraocular, occipital
and nuchal) short and sharp, not depressed; tem-
poral ridge blunt, without spine. Dorsal spines very
high, the second 1} in head, the first moderately ser-
rate; soft dorsal high, its base about + longer than
head; caudal truncate; pectoral fin truncate; its
third ray longest, the others, to the tenth little
shorter; free rays of pectoral a little expanded at
tip; scales rathersmall, about52 pores. Body covered
with roundish bronze spots of various sizes; smaller
bronze spots on the head; both dorsals, caudal and
pectoral fins with similar bronze spots, these espe-
cially numerous and distinct on soft dorsal.
SCITULUS, 4.
bb. Mouth comparatively large, the maxillary two to two and three-fourths in the
length of head, the mandible extending backward
to opposite of eye, or nearly so; no distinct cross-
groove on top of head; free rays of pectoral taper-
ing, not expanded at tip; black blotch on spin-
ous dorsal diffuse, not ocellated, involving the mem-
branes of more than two spines.
jf. Preopercular spine without a distinct smaller spine at its base in front.
g. Pectoral fins very long, reaching at least to beyond the second third
of the dorsal; serre on preorbital, each ending ina
conspicuous point or spine.
h. Gill-rakers long and slender, the longest nearly half the eye; body
rather stout, the depth 4 in length; head large,
nearly plane above, the interorbital space not con-
cave, its width equal to eye; snout very short, 24
in head; maxillary 2} in head, reaching past front
of orbit ; bands of palatine teeth, very narrow ; bones
of head smoothish, little striate. First dorsal spine
serrate in front, the third spine nearly half the length
of the head; caudal slightly concave ; pectoral reach-
ing ninth anal ray, its outline rounded; ventrals
not reaching vent. Scales about 55. Color pale
olivaceous, back and sides with a few dark spots;
second dorsal with three rows of black spots ; caudal
with three rows of dark blotches; pectorals with
dark clouds. D. x-12, A. 11... STEPHANOPHRYS, 5.
hh. Gill-rakers very short, tubercle-like, 9 or 10 developed, little 1f any
- longer than the interspaces ; first dorsal spine nearly
smooth; mouth not very large, the maxillary 24 to
2% in head.
4. Interorbital space moderately concave; its width about four-fifths
length of eye; no cirrus above the eye; distance
from supraocular spine to nuchal scales about equal
to eye; supraocular and nuchal spines low ; occipital
spines wanting; temporal ridge sharp, ending in a
blunt spine; preorbital projecting, strongly serrate ;
a blunt spine on each side of snout, behind serre of
preorbital ; a blunt spine behind this above angle of
mouth; no spine on cheek-bone, in adult; upper
330
REVIEW OF SPECIES OF PRIONOTUS.
opercular spine almost obsolete ; bones of head rather
strongly striate, but not granulate; scales rather
large; about 52 pores. D.x-11, A. 10. First dorsal
spine not much shorter than second, which is 23
in head; caudal very slightly concave; pectorals
longer than in any other species (except alatus),
reaching entirely past bases of dorsal and anal;
its tip subtruncate, the longest ray about the ninth ;
ventrals reaching a little past vent. Head 3; depth
5; color nearly plain brownish, with darker clouds;
no distinct spots anywhere on body or fins; the pec-
torals marbled with paler ......-......--. RUBIO, 6.
it. Interorbital space very deeply concave, its width about 2 length
of eye; a fringed cirrus above the eye; distance from
supraocular spine to nuchal scales about half the
eye; occipital as well as nuchal spines distinct ;
temporal ridge with a small spine ; no spine on cheek
bone; bones of the head with fine, sharply defined
strie, but no granulations; upper opercular spine
well developed ; scales moderate (about 50 pores);
D. viii-13, A.11. First dorsal spine longest, 14 in
head; caudal subtruncate; pectorals nearly twice
as long as head, reaching nearly to last rays of dorsal;
ventrals about reaching to vent; head 3 in length ;
depth 44. Color crimson red, nearly plain; caudal
with two dark cross shades. ..-........OPHRYAS, 7.
gg. Pectoral fins short, not reaching beyond middle of dorsal; head
Uf. Preopercular spine
much smoother than in any other species, the bones
of the head faintly striate, with small granulations;
the cranial spines little developed ; the supraocular,
occipital and temporal spines wholly wanting, there
being only 3 pairs of spines on the head; mouth
large, the maxillary 2 in head. Gill-rakers short
and thick in adult, slender in young, about 10 devel-
oped; interorbital space concave, rather broad, its
width, in adult, rather more than length of eye;
first dorsal] spine granulated ; caudal slightly lunate;
pectoral subtruncate, the second ray the longest, as
long as head in adult; scales large, 48 pores in the
lateral line. Head large, 2% in length; depth 33;
D.x-12, A 11. Color crimson, with darker clouds
and small spots; both dorsals with dark cross-streaks;
head and pectoral fins conspicuously reticulated
with blackish (in adult); anal plain, whitish; free
rays of pectoral unspotted -....-..-.... STEARNSI, &.
with a distinct smaller one at the base; ‘gill-rakers
slender.
k. Seales moderate (50 to 60 pores); caudal fin very slightly Innate;
pectoral fin subtruncate.
l, Cheek-bone without distinct spine at the center of radiation.
m. Edge of preorbital granular-serrate, without distinct spine,
the serre about 12 in number on each side; temporal
ridges roughish but without spines; bonesof the head
with the striz coarsely granular; mouth moderate.
the maxillary about 2? in head; head not very broad,
1866.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. aor
the spines on its upper surface, except the nuchal
spine, inconspicuous ; head 2% in length; depth about
4: D.X—12. A.11. Gill-rakers longer and slenderer
than in other species; 15to 20 developed. Coloration
brownish: side with a very distinct dusky bronze
bond below the lateral line and parallel with it; this
becoming broken posteriorly into 2 series of roundish
dark spots; some dark streaks and clouds below this
stripe; fins with dark clouds, the soft dorsal with
two dark blotches, which extend as bars on the back ;
head with seattered dark spots; dusky area below
eye.
n. Pectoral with its rays each crossed by fine black bars, these
especially distinct towards the base of the fin; free
rays spotted; scales comparatively small, 10+-1-+-23
in a vertical line from last dorsal spine to vent; in-
terorbital area broad and almost flat, its width a
little more than length of eye; first dorsal spine
granulated; second spine 23in head ; pectorals about
half the length of the body... .-...--.STRIGATUS, 9
nn. Pectoral fin with its rays all plain blackish; free rays
plain dusky; scales larger, 8-+-1+421 in a vertical
line from last dorsal spine to vent; interorbital space
more deeply concave, its width in adult not quite
length of eye; first dorsal.spine nearly smooth;
second spine 3 in head; pina a little more than
halfior thebody2sss- 2-4 5--- .- EVOLANS, 10
mm. [Edge of preorbital with six spinous ceeeH on each side ;
cheeks and temples without spine; pectoral fin
reaching fourth anal ray. ]..----.--------MILEs, 11.
ll. Cheek-bone with a spine (small in the adult, larger in the
young) at the center of radiation; temporal ridge
with two bluntish spines; bones of the head very
sharply striate; young with four sharp, knife-like
spines on side of cheek and snout, in a line before
the preocular spine; these nearly disappearing with
age; maxillary about 24 in head; sides without
dark longitudinal stripe.
o. Gill-rakers slender in the young, becoming shorter and
thicker with age, about 10 developed on lower part
of arch; head broad, the spines on its upper surface
very prominent, all of them more or less compressed
and knife-like, especially in the young. Second dor-
sal spine 24 in head; head 24; depth 44; D. X-12.
A.11. Pectorals moderate, 2 in body in the adult,
24 in the young. Body brownish, much mottled
with grayish and dusky, and with three or four ob-
secure dark cross-bands; bead and dorsal firs with
many dark spots; caudal with two dusky shades ;
free rays of pectoral spotted, dusky area below eye.
TRIBULUS, 12.
oo. Gill-rakers (in young) long and slender, 5 developed ;
scales small; spines as in P. tribulus, but still larger
and more knife-like; pectoral fins short, 3 in body
(Ginyu) Peace eee ee eeeer seiner HORRENS, 13.
3a2 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF PRIONOTUS.
kk. [Scales very small; preorbital produced into an obtuse pro-
cess, projecting beyond the snout; spines on head
well developed ; pectoral fins truncated. ]
BIROSTRATUS, 14.
aa. [Dorsal rays IX-14. A. 14. Scales 45 to 50; vertex and snuut without spines;
preorbital terminating in a flat, short, triangular,
serrated disk; palatine teeth very minute, in a very
narrow band; pectorals reaching to tenth anal ray
and marked by a very large black blotch. ]
JAPONICUS, 15.
1. Prionotus alatus.
Prionotus alatus Goode & Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zo6l., xix, 210, 1883 (deep
sea off Charleston, S.C.) ; Jordan, Cat. Fish N. Am., 114, 1885 (copied).
Habitat.—Gulf Stream. .
This species is known only from the original type. It seems to be a
very well marked species, distinguished especially by its very long pec-
toral fins.
2. Prionotus punctatus.
? Trigla punctata Bloch, Ichthyol., taf. 353, about 1790 (Martinique, on a draw-
ing by Plumier); Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 13, 1801 (copied), Cu-
vier, Regne Animal, 1829 (name only).
Prionotus punctatus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 93,1829 (Antilles; Bra-
zil; Martinique) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus, 1931860 (Brazil; Jamaica;
Caribbean Sea; Patagonia). ‘
Habitat.—West Indies and coast of South America; not known from
the coasts of the United States.
This species is known to us from two small specimens collected (prob-
ably at Tuxpan) on the east coast of Mexico, by Mr. T. Salt. The char-
acters given in our analysis are in part from these specimens, and in
part from the specimens in the museum at Paris, the types of Cuvier
and Valenciennes.
We feel absolutely certain that this species is the Prionotus punctatus
of Cuvier and Valenciennes, but not that it is identical with the spe-
cies figured by Plumier, to which Bloch has given the name of Trigla
punctata.
The figure of Plumier shows a bright red body, with many small
spots of a darker red, while red spots are scattered over all of the fins,
except the spinous dorsal and the ventrals. In general form, and in
the armature of the head, so far as this is shown in the plate, Plumier’s
figure most resembles the present species, but the red color suggests a
possibility that some of the deep-water species may have been intended.
We know little of the life-coloration of the specimens referred by us
to P. punctatus, as they are now faded. At present, but two species
are positively known from the West Indian fauna, P. rubio, which could
by no means have been the original of Plumier’s figure, and the present
one, which much resembles it.
Bloch’s figure of “ Trigla carolina,” usually identified with P. puncta-
tus, is almost certainly P. tribulus.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 333
3. Prionotus carolinus.
Trigla carolina Linneus, ‘‘ Mantissa, 528” (Carolina) Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1347,
1788 (copied); Cuvier, Régne Animal, 1829 (name only).
Prionotus carolinus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 90, 1829 (New York; Caro-
lina); Storer, Report of Fishes Mass., 14,1839 (Martha’s Vineyard); De-
kay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 46, 1842, plate v, fig. 15 (New York Harbor);
Ayres, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iv, 258, 1842 (Brookhaven, L.I.); Linsley,
“ Cat. Fish. of Conn., 1844”; Storer, ‘Synopsis, 51,1846”; Giinther, Cat.
Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 192, 1860 (New York); Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N.
Am., 21,1873 (name only); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 373,
1878 (Beaufort Harbor); Bean, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 84, 1880 (Noank,
Conu.; Wood's Holl, Mass.); Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex Inst., 12, 1879
(Salem).
Vrigla palmipes Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. New York, 431, 1814, plate
iv, fig. 5 (New York Harbor).
Prionotus palmipes Storer, Hist. Fish Mass., 66, 1867, plate v, fig. 1 (Tisbury,
Mass.); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 614, 1883; Jordan & Gil-
bert, Synopsis Fish. N. Am., 734, 1882; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 114, 1885
(name only) ; Goode, Nat. Hist. Aquatic Animals, 255, 1886, plate 71 (Bees-
ley’s Point, N. J.).
Prionotus pilatus Storer, ‘‘ Proc, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, 77, 1845” (Massachu-
setts Bay); Storer, ‘‘Synopsis, 270, 1846”; Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass., 68,
1867, plate vi, fig. 1 (Mass. Bay); Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. Am., 21,
1873 (name only); Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex Inst., 12, 1879.
Habitat.—Cape Ann to South Carolina, chiefly northward.
* This species is very abundant on the coasts of Southern New Eng-
land and New York, but is rarely taken as far south as Charleston.
Our specimens are from Menemsha Bight, Martha’s Vineyard.
This is evidently the Trigla palmipes of Mitehill, and the Prionotus
carolinus of Cuvier and Valenciennes and of most authors. The de-
scription of Linneus of Trigla carolina is very brief, and Professors
Jordan & Gilbert have recently rejected the name carolina as too uncer-
tain for adoption. Of the species found in Carolina, the description of
Linneus best fits this species and P. scitulus, and the expression “cauda
bifida” certainly points to the present species and excludes the other.
We are unable to see anything in the description or figure of P.
pilatus that would show that it is a species distinet from P. carolinus.
Goode and Bean say that it may be P. punctatus, and they intimate that
its type may not have come from Massachusetts. The figure given by
Storer is, however, much more like P. carolinus than like any other
species known to us.
4. Prionotus scitulus.
Prionotus punctatus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 373, 1578
(Beaufort, N. C.) ; Goode, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., 111, (Saint Angustine) ;
Goode & Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 338, 1879 (Clear Water Harbor,
Fla.) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. Am., 734, 1883 (Beaufort),
(not Trigla punctata Bloch).
Prionotus scitulus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 288, 1882 (West
Florida; Beaufort) ;* Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 614,
1882 (Charleston) ; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 114, 1885.
*The mutilated specimens from Pensacola heretofore referred to this species prove
to belong to one as yet undescribed. An account of it will be given later.
334 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF PRIONOTUS.
Habitat.—South Atlantie Coasts of United States, Beaufort to Saint
Augustine,
This weli-marked species is rather common within the region from
which it is known. The specimens before us are from Charleston and
Beaufort. :
It was for a time regarded by American authors as the original pune-
tatus of Bloch; but the evidence at present indicates that such is not
the case.
5. Prionotus stephanophrys.
Prionotus stephanophrys Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 454, 1880
(San Francisco); Lockington, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 529, 1880 (Point
Reyes, near San Francisco); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
62, 1881 (Point Reyes); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. Am., 736,
1883 (San Francisco) ; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 115, 1885 (name only).
This species is known only from the original type, obtained in the
nets of the ‘“parranzelle,” in deep water, between San Francisco and
Point Reyes. From this specimen (in the National Museum), the descrip-
tion of Jordan and Gilbert, as well as that of Lockington, was taken.
6. Prionotus rubio.
Rubio Volador Parra, Desecr. Dif. Piezas de Hist. Nat., 1787., lam. 38 (Ha-
vana).
Prionotus punctatus Poey, Synopsis Pisce. Cubens., 1868, 304 (Havana); Poey,
Ennumeratio, 1875, 41; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. A., 1883,
956 (Descr. from Cuban specimens) ; ? Bean and Dresel, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 18~4, 151 (Jamaica).
Prionotus rubio Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 50 (Havana).
Habitat.—West Indian fauna; not rare about Cuba.
We have two specimens from Cuba of this species, which Poey has
considered the Prionotus punctatus. The only basis of this identifica-
tion so far as we can see is the assumption that only this species of
Prionotus inhabits the West Indian fauna. As we have examples of a
different one from the Mexican coast, this supposition is not well
founded. It is evident from a comparison of this species with Bloch’s
figure that it has little or nothing in common with the fish painted by
Plumier.
From related species, P. rubiois well distinguished by its long pectorals,
and by its very short gill-rakers, much shorter than in any other spe-
cies, P. ophryas coming nearest it in this respect.
7. Prionotus ophryas.
Prionotus ophryas Jordan & Swain, Proc, U. 8. Nat. Mus., 542, 1884 (Pensacola);
Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 115, 1855.
Habitat.—Gulf of Mexico; in deep water. Known only from the
Snapper Banks, near Pensacola.
Only the original type of this species is known. It was taken from
the stomach of a Red Snapper (Lutjanus aya), near Pensacola, by Mr.
Silas Stearns.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 335
A second specimen, in very bad condition, has since been obtained
by us from the same source. In this the undigested parts of the head
and body are of a deep crimson. Probably all the deep-water species
of this genus will be found to be red in life.
8. Prionotus stearnsi.
Prionotus stearnsi Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 541, 1884 (Pensa-
cola; young); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 115, 1885; Jordan, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1886, (Pensacola; adult.)
Habitat.—Gulf of Mexico; in deep water. Known only from the
Snapper Banks, off Pensacola.
This species is known only from two specimens, both taken on the
Snapper Banks, at Pensacola, by Mr. Silas Stearns. The original type
is a small specimen, not four inches long. The other is very large,
about 13 inches long, larger than any other specimen of Prionotus
which we have ever seen. Both specimens have been already described
in detail in these Proceedings. In spite of the remarkable differences
in appearance of the two specimens, there is lit’1e reason to doubt their
specific identity, as very similar differences distinguish the young and
old of P. tribulus. According to Mr. Stearns, the large specimen above
referred to was in life of a bright crimson red. Of all the species of the
genus the present one has the spines of the head least developed, its
upper surface being almost smooth.
9. Prionotus strigatus.
Trigla lineata Mitchill, Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. New York, i, 430, 1814, plate
iv, fig. 4 (New York Harbor); (not Trigla lineata Bloch).
Prionotus lineatus Dekay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 45, 1842, plate iv, fig. 12
(New York Harbor); Storer, Synopsis 50, 1846; Gtinther, Cat. Fish. Brit.
Mus., ii, 192, 1860.
Prionotus evolans var. lineatus Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. Am., 736,
1883.
Trigla strigata Cuvier, Regne Animal, Ed. 11, 1829 (after evolans Linneeus or
lineata Mitchill).
Prionotus strigatus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., 86, 1829 (New York);
Storer, Report Fish. Mass., 12, 1839 (Holmes’ Hole); Ayres, Bost. Journ.
Nat. Hist., iv, 25t, 1842 (Brookhaven, L.I.); Linsley, ‘Cat. Fish Conn.,
1844”; Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. Am., 974, 1882 (note); Jor-
dan, Cat. Fish. N. Am., 115, 1885 (foot-note).
Prionotus pilatus Baird, Ninth Smithsonian Report, 13, 1855 (Beasley’s Point,
N. J.).
Prionotus evolans Goode & Bean, Bull. Essex Inst., 12,1879; Bean, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 84, 1880 (Wood’s Holl, Mass.; Noank, Conn.; Newport, R.I.);
Goode, Nat. Hist. Aquatic Animals, 255, 1886, plate 71 (Wood’s Holl,
Mass. ).
Habitat.—Atlantic coast of the Northern States, Cape Cod to Vir-
ginia.
Our specimens of this species are from near Martha’s Vineyaru.
It is extremely close to Prionotus evolans, of which it should most
likely be regarded as a geographical variety. We have, however, as yet
336 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF PRIONOTUS.
seen no intermediate examples. It is, however, true that we have seen
no specimens of either, from near the point of meeting in their geo-
graphical range.
The name /tneatus cannot be retained for this species, on account of
the prior Trigla lineata of Bloch, a European species of Trigla, with
which Mitchill erroneously identified his specimens.
10. Prionotus evolans.
Trigla evolans Linnzeus, Systema Nat., 498, 1766 (Carolina); Bean, Proe. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 1885, 204 (description of Linnean type).
Prionotus evolans Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. Am., 21, 1873 (name only); Jor-
dan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 374, 1878 (Beaufort, N. C.); Jordan
& Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. Am., 735, 1883; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. Am.,
115, 1885; Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 541, 1884 (foot-note).
Prionotus sarritor Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 615, 1882 (Charles-
ton; Beaufort); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. Am., 974, 1883 (name
only); Jordan & Swain, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 541, 1884 (foot-note).
Habitat.—South Atlantic coast of United States; known only from
North and South Carolina.
This species is abundant along the Carolina coast, but we have not
noticed it elsewhere. The description of Trigla evolans given by Lin-
nus is of very little value, but the redescription of the type given by
Dr. Bean leaves little doubt that it is the species formerly called Priono-
tus sarritor by Jordan & Gilbert. In this species the gill-rakers are
longer than in any other except its analogue, P. strigatus.
11. Prionotus miles.
Prionotus miles Jenyns, Zool. Beagle, Fishes, 29, pl. 6, 1842 (Chatham Island ;
Galapagos) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 196, 1860 (copied).
Habitat.—Galapagos Archipelago.
Nothing seems to be known of this species beyond what is contained
in the original description. It seems to be related to P. evolans, or it
may prove to be the adult form of P. horrens.
12. Prionotus tribulus.
Trigla carolina Bloch, Ichthyologia, 352, about 1790 (Carolina); (not of
Linneus.)
Trigla tribulus Cuvier, Regne Animal, 1829 (name only).
Prionotus tribulus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., iv, 98, 1829, pl. 74 (New York;
Carolina); Dekay, New York Fauna, Fishes, 48, 1842 (New York; Charles-
ton) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 195, 1860 (New Orleans; Texas) ;
Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 373 and 374, 1878 (Beaufort) ;
Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., iii, 1879 (St. Augustine); Goode & Bean,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 128, 1879 (Pensacola) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 288, 1882 (Galveston); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
615, 1882 (Charleston) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Svnopsis Fish. N. A., 735, 1883);
Bean, Cat. Fishes, London Intern. Exhib., 1883, 49 (Galveston) ; Jordan &
Swain., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 233, 1884 (Cedar Koys, Fla.) ; Jordan, Cat.
Fish. N. A., 1885, 115.
Habitat.—South Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States; north
to New York.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 337
This abundant species is well distinguished from the others of the
Atlantic by the greater development of the spines of the head. The
young have these spines much larger and more compressed than the
adult, and in the very young, three or four strong knife-like spines are
developed on each side of the snout, as in the types of P. horrens. In
very young examples the spine at the base of the preopercular spine
‘is much larger than the latter.
The synonymy of this species offers no difficulty. In our opinion,
this is the species intended by Bloch in his figure of Trigla carolina,
and not the P. punctatus as supposed by Cuvier & Valenciennes.
13. Prionotus horrens.
Prionotus horrens Richardson, ‘‘ Voy. Sulph. Ichth., 79, 1843, t. 42, fig. 1-3 ;”
(Gulf of Fonseca); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 195, 1860 (copied) ;
Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 387, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.—Pacific coast of Central America.
This species is known from several young examples now in the Brit-
ish Museum. These are almost exactly like the young of P. tribulus,
differiug chiefly in the still larger proportionate size of the knife-like
spines on the head. It is not unlikely that they may prove to be the
young of P. miles or possibly of P. birostratus, but a more accurate
knowledge of both these species is needed before such an identification
can be more than suggested. The following notes on the types of Pridé-
notus horrens were taken by Professor Jordan in London.
Three young specimens, allied to P. tribulus, but the spines still
larger and more knife-like. First spine on edge of snout broad and
serrate, three behind this progressively larger, then two large spines
on preopercle, the posterior one the largest. Twosmaller ones on oper-
cle and one very large on the scapula; two sharp ones over each eye;
one behind the eye; two on top of head and two on occiput. Mouth
large, maxillary reaching front of eye, 24 in head; gill-rakers long and
slender, 5. Scales small. Pectorals short, 3 in body, reaching some-
what past second dorsal front; pectorals and tip of caudal dusky. No
groove hehind the eye. Belt of palatine teeth narrow.
14. Prionotus birostratus.
Prionotus birostratus Richardson, ‘‘ Voy. Sulph. Ichth., 81, 1843, pl. 42, fig.
4-6, Gulf of Fonseca”; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 196, 1860,
(copied) ; Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 387, 1685 (Panama).
Habitat.—Pacifie coast of Central America.
Several specimens of this species were obtained by Professor Gil-
bert, in Panama, at 1883. These were destroyed by fire before any
' description was taken, and now the species is only known from the
original account of Richardson.
15. Prionotus japonicus.
Prionotus japonicus Bleeker, ‘ Japan, 398, 1854” (Japan); Bleeker, Verhand.
Batav. Genootsch., xxvi, Japan, 75, tab. 5, fig. 1”; Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., ii, 196, 1860.
Proc. N. M. 86-——22 October 19, 1886.
338 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF PRIONOTUS.
Habitat.—Coasts of Japan.
This species is unknown to us. Not having access to Bleeker’s de-
scription and figure, we are unable to assign it its proper place in the
genus.
RECAPITULATION.
W = West Indian fauna; U=Atlantic coast of United States; C=Cali-
fornia; P=Panama; J=Japan.
PRIONOTUS Lacépéde.
1. Prionotus alatus Goode & Bean. U.
2. Prionotus punctatus Bloch. W. (Identification not quite certain.)
3. Prionotus carolinus Linneus. U.
4. Prionotus scitulus Jordan & Gilbert. U.
5. Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington, C.
6. Prionotus rubio Jordan. W.
7. Prionotus ophryas Jordan & Swain. U.
8. Prionotus stearnsi Jordan & Swain. U.
9. Prionotus strigatus Mitchill. U. (Probably a northern variety of P. evolans.)
10. Prionotus evolauns Linneus. U.
11. Prionotus miles Jenyns. P.
12. Prionotus tribulus Cuvier & Valenciennes. U.
13. Prionotus horrens Richardson. P. (Based on young specimens, perhaps of P.
miles. )
14. Prionotus birostratus Richardson. P.
15. Prionotus japonicus Bleeker. J.
List of nominal species, with identifications.
[Tenable specific names are in italics.]
’
Nominal species. Year.| Identification.
Pini oles Coola e Man US) een ee eet ala se ee te elated lee ei eat te are | 1766 | Prionotus evolans.
Trigla carolina Linneus.-- : | *1770 | P. carolinus.
Incl pynctata Bloch Yin. 3. <5 teconateseensest 2 nee steweeneeee Joe e es *1790 | P. punctatus.
Trigla lineata Mitchill........ stad ain AER E eta de ble mous Piunm amici ele aearae ree | 1814 | P. strigatus.
(Enigla palmipes: Mitchill soos - oer eer seems csmem mo sa cent ecenetions ine 1814 | P. carolinus.
Trigla strigata Cuvier ...-.-- OL GAREL ere eee ta aoe acead tiaet we eens ~-.| 1829 | P. strigatns.
Prionotus tribulus Cuvier and Valenciennes ...-...-..-..-----.-<----.----> 1829 | P. tribulus.
Prionotus miles Jenyns ...-.--. .-. aR atiecketaeecee cbt ca stacseuccee 1842 | P. miles.
Rrionosus ROTrensseiCnarason -oeeeeee sear ees ceseee eee sae eoee eee eee 1843 | P. horrens.
Prionotusiovosinatus Richardson jeesseee ce. oo -censce ease cease eoaes 1843 | P. birostratus.
Prionotus pilatus, Stover... esasees eee eee eee bys ae LS Se 3 Be ey eee, Lhe ee 1845 | P. carolinus.
Prionotus jayonicus Bleeker’ i: fete eae on ot eke cane ea eee wate eens 1854 | P. japonicus.
Prionotus stephanophrys Lochington .....-- sWicwelse cel os ve eae mao easienee ce 1880 | P. stephanophrys.
Prionotus. scttulusad ordan’ and Gilbert cosas ee et Soles sem ee eee eee ene sass 1882 | P. scitulus.
Prionotus sarritor, Jordan’) and: Gilbertecces-s.es4 = sees ae soe eleciiseeeee ee 1882 | P. evolans,
Prionotus aiatus;Goode and. Bean)» eee esse eect eee eee ce oee eee ee 1883 | P. alatus.
Prionotus stearns: Jordan and |Swaltiessseseee sees econ eee oe ses cee ee eee eeee 1884 | P. stearnsi.
Prionotus ophryas Jordan and Swen = esaceorces eed cas ace eaeseee ewe cee 1884 | P. ophryas.
Prionotus rubtodordan .6 240522. 20)) oe eet cee. Sosoae sence ees 1886 | P. rubio.
* About.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, February 15, 1886.
i"
A
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 339
*,
~
A REVIEW OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF BELONID A.
By DAVID 8S. JORDAN and MORTON W. FORDICE.
In the present paper we have attempted to give the synonymy of the
American species of Needle-fishes or Belonide, together with analytical
keys by which the genera and species may be distinguished.
The American species have been, until lately, all referred to the genus
Belone. The type of the latter genus, Hsow belone L., has, however,
well-developed gill-rakers, while, in all the American species thus far
examined, these appendages are wholly absent. This character seems
to be of sufficient importance to necessitate the separation of these
species from Belone, and other less important differences make still
further subdivision convenient.
The genera of Belonide recognized by us may be thus compared :
ANALYSIS OF GENERA OF BELONIDZ.
a. Gill-rakers well developed, slender, and moderately numerous; vomer sometimes
with teeth; body subterete or moderately compressed; dorsal and anal
fal CalOmna see erie e cee eee nels eas alee re ae pases eet BELONE, 1.
aa. Gill-rakers obsolete; vomer toothless.
b. Anterior dorsal rays prolonged, forming a lobe which is more or less faleate;
caudal fin lunate or emarginate, the lower lobe more or less produced.
d TYLOSURUS, 2.
bb. Anterior dorsal rays not prolonged, not forming a lobe; caudal convex; body
not compressed, nearly as broad as deep; the caudal peduncle slender.
POTAMORRHAPHIS, 3.
Genus I. BELONE.
MASTACEMBELUS, Klein, Pisc. Missus., iv, 17 (pre-Linnzan).
Esox sp. Linnzeus, and of early writers. (Not type.)
Esox Rafinesque,* Caratteri di Alcuni nuovi Genera, 1810; 59 (restricted to Hsox be-
lone).
RAMPHISTOMA Rafinesque (MSS.?); Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classi’n Anim., ii, 1839, 296
(vulgaris=belone).
MACROGNATHUS Gronow, Systema, Ed. Gray, 1854, 147 (scolopax = belone).
MASTACEMBELUS Bleeker, Nederl. Tijdskr. Dierk., iii (belone: after Klein).
* Rafinesque observes:
“‘T] genere Hsox di Linneo @ stato diviso da Lacépéde in quattro generi, Hsox,
Sphyrena, Synodus e Lepisosteus; io propongo di dividere nuovamente in due il suo
genere sox; lascierO questo nome alle specie marine che hanno il corpo tetragono
con due linee laterali da ogni lato como nel genere Exocetus, le mascelle lunghe e
strette, le ale dorsale lunghe giungendo dall’ ano fino alla coda e falciformi, &c.;
mentre formerd un nuovo genere col nome di Lucius della specie fluviatile che hanno
il corpo cilindrico, una sola linea laterale, le mascelle larghe, e le ale dorsali ed anali
corte e rotondato.”
340 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDZ.
This genus is well distinguished from the others in this group by the
presence of gill-rakers. We are not sure as to the number of species
which it may contain. The presence of gill-rakers has been verified by
us only in Belone belone L. (= vulgaris Cuvier) and in Belone platyura,
Bennett. Dr. Vinciguerra informs us that gill-rakers occur in Belone
acus Risso also, but the latter nominal species is regarded by Stein-
dachner as based only on specimens of B. belone in which the vomerine
teeth are abnormally undeveloped. Im all the other species which we
have seen gill-rakers are absent.
The question as to the name which this genus should retain offers
some difficulty. The first definite restriction of the composite Linnzan
genus Hsox is that of Rafinesque, who retains as the type EHsozx belone.
It is equally certain, however, that if we could question Linneus as to
his intended type (as some ornithologists have proposed to do) the spe-
cies selected by him would be Hsow lucius. Artedi first used the name
Esox in a generic sense, and at first only #. lucius was included by him
init. The name of Hsox was taken by Artedi from Pliny, and the Hsox
of Pliny was regarded by Artedi as being the common pike.
Besides the differences in the development of the gill-rakers, the
typical species of Belone differs from all our Tylosuri in the form of the
body, in the development in most individuals of vomerine teeth, in the
posterior position of the ventrals, and in the comparatively smooth
upper surface of the head. For purposes of comparison we give here a
description and an outline of the synonymy of Belone belone. The speci-
mens examined by us are all from Venice.
1. Belone belone.* Gar-tish or Needle-fish of Europe.
Esox belone Linnzus, Systema Nature, x, 1758, 314 (and of early authors).
Belone acus Risso, Europe Méridicnale, iii, 443, 1826, and of Cuyv. & Val., Giin-
ther, etc. ;
Belone vulgaris Fleming, British Animals, 184, 1828; Cuv. & Val., xviii, 399,
1846; Giinther, vi, 254; Steindachner,-Sitzb. Akad. d. Wiss., Wien, 1868,
lvii, 732; Day, Fish. Gt. Britain and Ireland, 147, and of most recent
writers.
Ramphistoma vulgaris Swainson, Fishes, etc., ii, 297, 1830.
Belone rostrata Faber, Fische Islands, 152, 1829.
Hemirhamphus europeus Yarrell, ‘‘Mag. Nat. Hist., 1837, 505” (Young).
Macrognathus scolopax Gronow, Systema, ed. Gray, 1854, 147.
Hemirhamphus obtusus Couch, ‘‘ Zoology, 1978,” about 1860 (Young).
Belone linnwi Malm., “ Bohusliins Fauna,” 553, 1866.
? Belone gracilis Giinther, vi, 252, 1846 (vot of Lowe ?).
? Belone euxini Giinther, vi, 252, 1846.
? Belone cornidti Giinther, vi, 255, 1846.
Habitat.—Mediterranean Sea and northward along the coasts of
Europe to Norway and the Baltic Sea.
*If the above synonymy be correct, all the European species of Belone belong to a
single species, Belone belone. The character of the absence of vomerine teeth, assumed.
to distinguish Belone acus, euxini, and gracilis from B. vulgaris and B. cornidii, has been
shown to be valueless, and the differences in the size of the scales and the size of the
teeth, assumed to distinguish these from each other, still lack precision of definition.
Se
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 341
Head 34 in length; depth 5 in head; breadth at pectorals 94 in head.
D.1L., 16; A. 1,19. Scales about 225; 150 series before dorsal. Length
of specimen measured (from Venice) 17 inches.
Body rather slender, distinctly compressed, more so than in any of the
species of Tyloswrus proper, but much less so than in Tylosurus hians ;
caudal peduncle rather slender and long, compressed, every where deeper
than broad, and without trace of keel of any sort.
Jaws slender and long, the upper jaw from eye contained 5 times in
length of body, and 2 times length of rest of head. Mouth not capable
of being completely closed, there being a slight arch at base of upper
jaw. Eye rather small, 1,45 in interorbital width, 24 in post orbital part
of head, and 6? in snout.
Upper jaw shorter and somewhat slenderer than lower, the jaws more
unequal than in Tylosurus.
Teeth rather small, slender and close-set, those in upper jaw consid-
erably larger than those in the lower, the latter most numerous; the
small teeth outside of these little conspicuous. Vomer with a small
patch of villiform teeth in most specimens, this occasionally little de
veloped or obsolete (acus Risso). Bones and scales somewhat green.
Maxillary chiefly concealed by the preorbital.
Head strongly compressed, broader above than below.
Top of head less uneven than in the species of Tylosurus, rather nar-
row, and transversely convex, with a rather broad and very shallow
median depression, which is scaly for its entire length. Superciliary
and temporal ridges little prominent, scarcely striate. Two slight folds
across edge of preopercle.
Cheeks with rather large deciduous scales, arranged in about 7 rows;
opercle with similar scales. Scales on body rather large, but very thin
and deciduous.
Gill-rakers slender and rather numerous; about 18 developed, the
longest not quite as long as pupil.
Dorsal fin of moderate length and height, the posterior rays low, the
anterior lobe 12 in postorbital part of head.
Anal higher than dorsal and inserted considerably farther forward.
Caudal fin moderately forked, the lower lobe little longer than the upper,
one-fourth longer than postorbital part of head.
Pectorals short and broad, 14 in postorbital part of head. Ventrals
small, 14 in postorbital part of head, their insertion unusually far back,
midway between axil of pectoral and base of caudal.
Color greenish above, sides and lower parts silvery; a very obscure
silvery lateral streak; a dark streak along middle of back, a dusky spot
on supercilium; no black bar on opercle. Fins mostly pale.
342 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDA.
Genus II. TYLOSURUS.
TyYLosuRus Cocco, ‘‘Lettere in Giornale Sci. Sicilia, xvii,” 18, 1829 (cantraini=impe-
rialis=acus?).
TyLosuRus Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. A., 1883, 372.
ATHLENNES, subgenus nova (hians).
The name Tylosurus (more correctly written Tylurus) was framed by
Cocco, for those species of this group which have a keel or callus on the
side of the caudal peduncle. This character has no generic importance,
but as the type of Tylosurus is also destitute of gill-rakers, the name
must be retained by the group thus distinguished.
Tylosurus imperialis (=cantraint) is a rare species which we have never
seen. We are indebted to our friend Dr. Vinciguerra, of Genoa, for our
information in regard to it.
The American species of Tylosurus are numerous, for the most part
well defined and easily recognizable, though very ill-described by the
earlier authors. Mostof them seem to have a wide geographical range.
ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN SPECIES OF TYLOSURUS.*
a. Body not compressed, its greatest breadth more than two-thirds its greatest depth.
( Tylosurus.)
b. Mouth capable of being nearly or quite closed, the upper jaw not conspicuously
arched at base.
c, Caudal peduncle compressed, deeper than broad, without trace of keel along
the lateral line; dorsal and anal fins short, each
of 13 to 16 rays, the posterior rays not elevated ;
anal longer than dorsal and inserted farther for-
ward; jaws slender, about twice as long as rest of
head; no fold of skin across preopercle; caudal
subtruncate, the lower lobe somewhat produced
sides with a bluish-silvery band; species of smali
size, with the scales and bones not green.
d. Scales comparatively large, about 85 before the dorsal fin, and about 7 or §
rows on the cheeks ; body robust, the depth about
5 in head; maxillary entirely concealed by the
preorbital; ventral fins very short, not half length
of postorbital part of head, their insertion nearer
base of caudal than gill-opening ; coloration pale,
the dorsal and caudal brick-red in life; lateral
stripe narrow for its entire length; no scapular
blotch. VD. 1; 13s Anis ate 150:
NOTATUS, 2.
dd. Scales smali, 140 to 150 before dorsal fin, about 12 rows on the cheeks;
body slender; ventrals inserted at a point nearer
cheeks than base of caudal; fins without red; lat-
eral stripe broadened below the dorsal fin.
e. Region above base of pectorals with a conspicuous round blackish blotch;
maxillary not entirely concealed by preorbital;
eye 2} in postorbital part of head; head 2¢ in
length; depth 63 in head. D.1, 14; A.1, 15. Lat.
L215 ae mecteoucns Masose ese de yams SCAPULARIS, 3.
* Tylosurus galeatus, an ally of T. raphidoma, is here omitted, as being insufficiently
described.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 343
eé. Region above base of pectorals without black spot.
f. Body very slender, the depth 7 in head, which is 22 in body; eye mod-
erate, 24 to 22 in postorbital part of head; no dis-
tinct notch in the temporal ridge, maxillary not
entirely concealed by preorbital. D.1, 15; A.1,
lie Dutt. eco eee te ae eee ee = I UBLRUNCATLUG. A.
Jf. Body less slender, the depth 6 in head, which is 2; in body; eye large,
21 in postorbital part of head; a distinct notch on
temporal ridge close behind eye; maxillary almost
entirely concealed by the preorbital. D.1,15; A.
Dt. Watel 200) ee oane eee eee EURYOPS, 5.
oc. ‘‘Caudal peduncle very much depressed, wider than deep, but without any
keel or trace of one. Head 23 in length; eye 2}
in postorbital part of head; top of head nearly
smooth; maxillary nearly concealed by preorbital;
body subterete; candal moderately emarginate;
snout very nearly twice length of rest of head;
. brownish above, silvery below, a bluish lateral
stripe edged below with black and yellowish;
scales not very small (23 rows between dorsal and
anal fins). D.16; A.17.” (Cope.).. DIPLOTANTA, 6.
coc. Caudal peduncle more or less depressed, or at least, with a more or less de-
veloped dermal keel along the lateral line; scales
and bones more or less green.
g. Dorsal and anal fins short, each of 14 to 19 rays, the anal larger than
the dorsal and beginning farther forward; last
rays of dorsal and anal low; jaws slender, about
twice as long as rest of head; no folds of skin
across preopercle.
h. Eye very small, 4 to5times in postorbital part of head; caudal keel
sharp, black in color; body and tail much depressed;
maxillary not entirely hidden by preorbital; cau-
dal lunate, the lobes subequal; scales minute.
i. ‘Postorbital part of head rather more than half length of snout,
its length 5 times diameter of eye; ventrals a
little nearer head than base of caudal; head 3 in
length, D.1,14; A 1,15.” (Giinther). Microps, 7.
i. ‘Postorbital part of head 22 in length of snout; its length 4
times that of eye; ventrals midway between head
and base of caudal; head about 2? in length.”
GStemdachnen es eooeee eee eee ee AMAZONICUS, 8.
hh. Eye moderate, 2 to 34 times in postorbital part of head.
j. “Caudal fin forked; caudal keel sharp, broad and conspicuous;
top of head flat, striated, without median groove;
base of upper jaw much depressed; maxillary
entirely hidden by preorbital; teeth very small;
ventral fin midway between eye and caudal; scales
not very small. D.1,13; A.1, 18.’ (Giinther.)
ARDEOLUS, 9.
7j. Caudal fin unequally lunate, the emargination not deep, the
lower rays moderately produced; scales very
small; sides with a silvery lateral stripe ; caudal
keel not very conspicuous, not black; top of head
with median groove ; maxillary not entirely con-
cealed by preorbital; ventral inserted midway
e
344 © REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDZ.
between preopercle and base of caudal. Species
of moderate size, with the scales and bones more
or less green.
k. Body very slender, the depth 64 to 7 in fongth of head ; caudal
keel not very small.
l. Posterior half of pectorals abruptly black ; eye large, 24 in
postorbital part of head. D.1,16; A.1,17. Lat.
DDO niece saat ania se sees ORO LAMAN INT SILOS
Wl. Posterior half of pectorals pale, like the base of the fin;
eye rather small, 22 in postorbital part of head.
Ded los AN A We. seats ds oa Ol ees ae XE elle
kk. Body moderately slender, the depth 53 in length of head ;
caudal keel little developed.
x. Eye moderate, 24 in postorbital part of head; pecto-
rals not black posteriorly. D. 1, 15; A. 1. 17.
Lat. 1. 300; a dark bar on opercle-.MARINUS. 12.
wx. Eye small, 34 in postorbital part of head. D. 13 or
14; A. 150r16; pectoral pale......-ALMEIDA, 13.
gg. Dorsal and anal fins long, each of 17 to 25 rays, the last rays of the
dorsal fin more or less elevated in the young, be-
coming lower in the adult; caudal keel rather
strong, black; one or more folds of skin across the
edge of the preopercle; caudal fin deeply emar-
ginate or unequally forked. Ventrals inserted
midway between base of caudal and middle of
eye. Species of large size, with the scales and
bones green; no distinct lateral stripe.
m. Beak short and te strong, its length 14 to 12 times
length of rest of head; body comparatively robust,
the depth more than one-fifth length of head.
nm. Dorsal fin of moderate length, its rays 1, 16; anal rays
1, 17; insertion of dorsal notably behind that of
anal; snout very short, 14 times length of rest of
heads) | bats 440e 222 sense ea FOpDIaATOR, 14.
nn. Dorsal fin long, its rays 1, 21 to 1, 24; anal rays 1, 22 to
1,24; insertion of dorsal almost opposite that of
anal; snout longer, 13 to 12 length of rest of head.
(rate lseavOuh coasts. eee eee RAPHIDOMA, 15.
mm. Beak strong, but more elongate, its length about twice
length of rest of head; dorsal beginning behind
front of anal.
o. ‘* Greatest depth of body equal to length of pectoral;
teeth shorter and weaker than in JZ. acus. D.
21 to 22; A. 19 or 20; a grayish lateral streak”
(@Sieindachner)- = 22 -eeee cesar. see PACIFICUS, 17.
oo. Greatest depth of body about two-thirds length of
pectoral. D.1,23; A.1,21. Lat. 1.380; no lateral
SHTIPO'h aoe see - oe ees ae cele Deere Acus, 18.
bb. Mouth not closing completely, the upper jaw arched at base, somewhat as in T.
hians ; lobes of dorsal and anal low, the last rays
elevated; depth 20 in total length with caudal;
head 32; body broad, compressed; breadth of
body # its depth, which is about equal to postor-
bital part of head; preopercle with folds of skin;
eye 10$ in head, 275 in postorbital part; beak
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 345
slender, more than twice as long as rest of head;
teeth rather weak; preopercle with two cross-
folds of skin; caudal peduncle with astrong, black
keel; caudal fin moderately forked, the lower lobe
much the longer; dorsal inserted a little behind
anal; ventrals midway between base of caudal
and middle of eye; skull narrow. D. 1,24; A. 1,
22. Scales small, green, about 210 before dorsal.
Bluish white below, a faint bluish band along
sides; tins: bluish seo. - ee eeaee CARIBB2US, 19.
aa. Body very strongly compressed, its greatest breadth not half its greatest depth
(Athlennes) ; caudal peduncle not compressed, with-
out keel; jaws long and very slender, the upper
strongly arched upward at base, so that the mouth
cannot be closed; snout twice length of rest of
head ; eye large, 24 in postorbital part of head;
maxillary entirely concealed by preorbital; a fold
of skin across preopercle ; opercle smooth; inser-
tion of ventrals well forward, midway between
front of arch of upper jaw and hbase of caudal;
caudal deeply forked ; dorsal and anal falcate, the
latter beginning farther forward; pectorals long,
faleate ; scales minute; species of large size with
scales (and bones) green; no lateral band; sides
silvery, with round, dark-blotches in youth; fins
with black tips. D. 1, 25; A. 1, 26. Lat. 1. about
2 0 eee one eit oa atein eee te an era HIAns, 20.
2. Tylosurus notatus.
Belone notata Poey, Memorias, ii, 293, 1860 (Havana) ; Gtinther, vi, 1866, 248
(Jamaica); Poey, Synopsis Pise. Cubens., 1868, 382; Poey, Enumeratio
Pisc. Cubens., 1875, 120; Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 151 (Pen-
sacola).
Tylosurus notatus Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1883, 373 (copied) ; Jor-
dan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 111 (Key West); Bean & Dresel, Proce.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 168 (Jamaica); Jordan, Cat. Fish N. A., 59; Jordan,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 33 (Havana).
Habitat.—West Indian fauna, north to Pensacola.
Head, 24; depth, 5in head. D.1.,13. A.1,13. Length (418, Key
West), 16 inches.
Body robust, not at all compressed, scarcely deeper than broad, ex-
cept at base of caudal; the breadth of body between pectorals 6 in
head; no keel on caudal peduucle, the lateral line not black and not
more conspicuous on the tail than elsewhere.
Jaws slender, rather long, the upper jaw from eye contained 4 times
in length, and 12 times length of rest of head. Mouth capable of being
completely closed. Eye large, its diameter equal to interorbital width,
24 in postorbital part of head and 6 in snout.
Teeth slender and pointed, those of the inner row on each side, in
each jaw, enlarged, about 25 of them being canine-like. Teeth and
bones of head not green. Maxillary entirely concealed by the preor-
bital. Interorbital space, with a rather broad and deep median groove,
which is widened and scaly anteriorly, with an inconspicuous median
346 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDZ.
ridge. Temporal and superciliary angles sharply defined, the bones
above with radiating strie. A very slight notch on temporal ridge,
behind eye. Vertex with a blunt median ridge, on each side of which
is a depression. Two parallel ridges on each side of occiput. No fold
of skin across lower posterior edge of preopercle. Cheeks with rather
large scales in 7 or 8 series; opercles with smaller scales.
Scales comparatively large, loose, not green, 85 before the dorsal fin,
about 150 in the lateral line.
No gill rakers.
Dorsal fin short and rather high, the last rays short, the anterior
lobe 14 in postorbital part of head. Base of fin a little longer than
postorbital part of head. Anal longer and bigher than dorsal, begin-
ning in front of the latter. Caudal subequally lunate, little notched,
the lower lobe short, about equal to postorbital part of head. Pectorals
14 in postorbital part of head. Ventrals very short, 24 in postorbital
part of head, placed unusually far back, their insertion midway be-
tween base of median caudal rays and axil of pectoral.
Color, in life, very pale greenish, the lateral stripe well defined, sil-
very bluish, about one-third pupil, and not widened below dorsal.
Edges of scales above with many dark points. A narrow blue-black
line along edge of each jaw. Tips of all the vertical fins of a conspicu-
ous pale brick-red. Other fins pale olivaceous. <A blue-black vertical
bloteh on front of opercle above. No axillary or scapular blotch. Lin-
ing of opercles dark.
Color in spirits very pale, with a narrow greenish lateral band and
black opercular blotch. This species is very common in the West
Indies, as also about the Florida Keys. It is one of the most strongly
marked of the group, and since its discovery has been confounded with
no otber.
3. Tylosurus subtruncatus.
Tylosurus scapularis Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 1881, 307;
1882, 109 (Panama); Jordan, Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 370 (Panama).
Habitat.—Pacifie coast of tropical America; Panama.
Only the original types of this species are known. It is very close
to T. subtruncatus, but, by its coloration at least, it may be easily distin-
guished.
4. Tylosurus subtruncatus.
Belone subtruncata Poey, Memorias Cuba, ii, 1861, 295 (Havana); Poey, Sy-
nopsis, 1868, 382; Poey, Enumeratio, 1875, 120.
Belone depressa Poey, Memorias Cuba, ii, 296, 1861 (Havana); Poey, Synopsis,
1868, 382; Poey, Enumeratio, 1875, 120 (not of Giinther).
Tylosurus sagitta Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 25 (Key West);
Jordan, |. ¢. 1884, 112 (Key West); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 59, 1885.
Habitat.—West Indian fauna; Key West and southward to Cuba.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 347
Head, 25 in length; depth, 7 in head; breadth, at pectoral, 8 in head.
D.1,15; A.1,17.. Lat.1.225. Scales before dorsal, about 150. Length
of specimen, 13 inches.
This species has been well described in the Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.
under the name of Tylosurus sagitta. Examination of five specimens
from Key West shows some variation in the size of the eye, as follows:
Eye in interor- |
Dialed chee In postorbital. In head. |
|
fo 2 103 |
1 2 104
1 24 103
1 23 10
14 23 114
Contrary to the usual rule, the eye seems to be proportionately smaller
in the younger specimens.
Depth of body at pectoral, 13 in postorbital part of head; breadth
at pectoral, 2; caudal subtruncate, the lower lobe produced, longer
than postorbital part of head.
This small species is rather scarce in the waters about Key West.
We have seen no specimens from any other locality, but there seems to
be good reason for believing that its range extends throughout the West
Indies.
Belone subtruncata of Poey agrees well with our specimens. The eye
(24 in postorbital part of head) is too small for 7. ewryops.
The type of Belone depressa Poey is in the National Museum. This
has been compared with the types of J. sagitta, by Dr. Bean, who in-
forms me that they are identical.
It is possible that Maregrave’s figure of the Timucu, or Hsox brasilien-
sis* L., belongs to this species, but of this there can be no certainty.
5. Tylosurus euryops.
Tylosurus euryops Bean & Dresel, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 168 (Jamaica) ;
Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 35 (Havana).
Habitat.—West Indian Fauna; Cuba, Jamaica.
Head, 2:8;; depth, 6 in head; breadth, 7. D. 1,15; A. 1,17. Lat. 1,
about .200. Scales before dorsal 140. Length (958, Havana), 124
inches.
Body slender, more robust than in 7. subtruncatus, not at all com-
pressed, scarcely deeper than broad, except at base of caudal; no keel on
caudal peduncle, the lateral line not black, and not more conspicuous
there than elsewhere.
Jaws slender, long, the upper jaw from eye contained 44 times in
length, and 17 times the length of the rest of the head. Mouth capable
* The following is the Linnzan description: ‘‘ Brasiliensis, 8. E. maxilla inferiore
longissima, corpore serpentino. D. 12, P. 10, V. 6, A. 17, C. 16.
“‘Marcgr. bras., 168, Timucu, Brown, jam. 443, T. 45, f. 2. Esox maxilla inferiore
producta.
“Habitat in America australi.”
\
348 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDA.
of being completely closed. Eye large, distinctly larger than in T.
subtruncatus, its diameter a little less than interorbital width, 24 in
post-orbital part of head, and 6 in the snout.
Teeth small and slender, those of the inner row on each side in each
jaw fewer and smaller than in 7. notatus. Teeth, bones, and scales not
green.
Maxillary almost entirely covered by the preorbital.
Interorbital space with a rather broad and deep median groove,
which is widened and scaly anteriorly, with a slight median ridge.
Superciliary ridge rather sharp, temporal ridge less acute, all the
bones of upper part of head with rather sharply defined ramose ra-
diating striae. A sharp notch in the temporal ridge, close behind
eye. Vertex nearly flat, with a blunt ridge on either side. No dis-
tinct fold of skin on lower posterior edge of preopercle.
Cheeks with moderate scales, in about 12 series. Opercles with very
small scales.
Seales small, not green.
No gill-rakers.
Dorsal fin rather short and low, the last rays short, the anterior lobe
14 in postorbital part of head. Base of fin half more than postorbital
part of head. Anal longer and higher than dorsal and beginning a
little before it. Caudal subtruncate, with the lower lobe produced,
the lower. lobe about equal to postorbital part of head. Pectorals 14
in postorbital part of head. Ventrals 13; their insertion midway
between base of middle caudal rays and posterior margin of pupil.
Color dusky greenish above, the dark color produced by dark punctu-
lations. Sides and bellypale. A well-defined dark-bluish lateral stripe
which is narrow and sharply defined toward the head, becoming broader
behind the middle of the body. An obscure dusky streak along middle
of back. <A faint dusky bar on front of opercle. Axil dusky. Fins
all dusky olivaceous, the tips darker, except in the pectoral, which is
rather pale. Lining of opercles dark.
A single specimen obtained by Dr. Jordan in the market at Havana
furnishes our knowledge of this species. It is very close to 7. subtrun-
catus, but it is more robust, with larger eye and somewhat different
sculpture of the bones of the head.
Dr. Bean has compared the type of 7. ewryops with the types of B.
depressa and T. sagitta, and notes the same differences.
Poey seems not to have distinguished this fish from his subtruncata
and depressa.
6. Tylosurus diplotenia.
Belone diplotenia Cope, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 1871, 481 (St. Martin’s).
Habitat —West Indian Fauna.
This species is known to us only from the description of Professor
Cope.
J
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 349
7. Tylosurus microps.
Belone microps Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vi, 237, 1886 (Surinam).
Habitat.—Brazilian Fauna; Surinam.
This species is known to us only from Dr. Giinther’s description.
8. Tylosurus amazonicus.
Belone amazonica Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., iii, 66, 1875 (Amazon River, at
Para, Manacapuru, and Tajapuru).
Habitat.—Brazil; mouth of the Amazon.
This species is known to us only from the account given by Dr.
Steindachner. It seems to be very close to T. microps, and as Stein-
dachner has suggested, it may prove identical with the latter.
9. Tylosurus ardeolus.
?Belone ardeola Cuv. & Val., xvii, 1846, 425 (Martinique).
?Belone cigonella Cuv. & Val., xviii, 1846, 436 (Porto Rico).
?Belone argalus Le Sueur MSS., Cuv. & Val., xviii, 1846, 439 (Guadeloupe).
Belone depressa Giinther, vi, 1¢66, 285. (Dominica; Jamaica) (not of Poey).
Habitat.—West Indian Fauna.
Dr. Giinther has described, under the name of Belone depressa, a spe-
cies apparently valid, but having little in common with the Belone de-
pressa of Poey, which is our Tylosurus subtruncatus. Species more or
less similar to this of Giinther have been very briefly and insufficiently
described by Valenciennes under the names of ardeola, cigonella, and
argalus. We reter ali these names provisionally to one species, arde-
olus, which is unknown to us. The types of none of these species are
now to be found in the museum at Paris.
10. Tylosurus stolzmanni. “‘Sierrita.”
Belone stolzmanni Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., vii, 21, 1878 (Tumbez, Peru).
Tylosurus stolzmanni Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, 370 (Mazatlan) ;
Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 59.
Tylosurus sierrita Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 458 (Ma-
zatlan); Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. 8. Fish Comm., 1882, 106 (Ma-
zatlan).
Habitat.—Pacific Coast of tropical America; Mazatlan; Peru.
This species is the southern representative of 7. exilis, from which
it differs in little except the marked coloration of the pectorals. The
description of Belone stolemanni from Peru agrees too closely with that
of T. sierrita from Mazatlan for us to regard the two as distinct. It has
been well described in these proceedings under the name of 7’. sierrita.
11. Tylosurus exilis. California Needle-fish.
Belone exilis Girard, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci.Phila., 1854, 189 (San Diego, Cal.) ; Gi-
rard, U.S. Pac. R. R. Surv. 1859, 158 (San Diego); Giinther, vi, 1866, 233
(copied) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 30 (San Diego).
Tylosurus exilis Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 457 (Santa Bar-
bara; San Pedro; San Diego); Jordan & Jouy, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.
1881, 13 (San Diego); Jordan & Gilbert, 1, c. 1881, 43 (Santa Barbara;
San Diego); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. A., 1883, 374; Jordan,
Cat. Fish. N. A., 1885, 59.
Habitat.—Coast of Southern California.
350 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDA.
Head 24; depth 7 in head; breadth at pectorals 9. D.1.15, A. 1.17.
Seales 370; 280 before dorsal. Length (specimen from San Diego) 13
inches,
Body very slender, subterete, the depth medially little more than the
breadth. Caudal peduncle very slender, depressed, broader than deep,
the lateral line passing into moderately elevated keel, which is similar
to that in T. marinus, but a little more conspicuous. Caudal keel
scarcely darker in color than the surrounding region.
Jaws very long and slender, thé upper jaw from eye 34 times in the
length and 2 times length of rest of head.
Mouth closing almost completely, the base of the upper mandible
seareely arched at all. Eye small, about equal to interorbital width,
23 in postorbital part of head, and 8 in snout.
Teeth sharp and slender, about 25 in the enlarged outer series in
each jaw, the small teeth between these numerous, but rather short.
Seales and probably bones also somewhat green, but less so than in
T. marinus, much less so than in T. raphidoma.
Maxillary not nearly concealed by preorbital.
Interorbital area with a rather deep scaly median depression, which
becomes much wider on the snout, its median ridge very small. Super-
ciliary and temporal ridges little prominent, scarcely striate, the tem-
poral ridge nearly straight, without notch behind eye, bat with a dis-
tinct lateral process about as long as pupil above preopercle. Vertex
not depressed. No fold of skin across preopercle.
Cheeks and opercles covered with very small scales, the cheek scales
in about 27 rows. No gill rakers.
Dorsal fin rather low, the posterior rays low; the anterior lobe 14 in
postorbital part of head; base of the fin equal to eye and postorbital
part of head.
Anal higher than dorsal, and beginning considerably farther for-
ward.
Caudal fin formed as in T. marinus, the lower lobe one-fifth longer
than postorbital part of head. Posterior margin of the fin slightly
lunate.
Pectorals 14 in postorbital part of head. Ventrals 13, their insertion
midway between base of middle caudal rays and edge of preopercle.
Color light green, silvery below. <A distinct bluish-silvery lateral
band which becomes broader under the dorsal fin. Opercular bar very
faint or obsolete. Fins all pale, the caudal and dorsal with some dark
points, becoming a little dusky. .
This species is common on the coast of Southern California, where it
represents the marinus of the Atlantic Coast. In all respects of size
and habits the two are remarkably similar, and the Pacific species
is scarcely distinguishable except by the greater slenderness of the
body.
ee
.
‘ 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNII'ED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 351
12. Tylosurus marinus. Common Gar-fish, Bill-fish, or Needle-fish.
Bill-fish, Schopf, Schrift. Gesellsch. Naturf. Freunde, viii, 177, 1788 (Long
Island).
Esox belone var. marinus Bloch & Schneider, Systema Ichthyol., 1801, 391
(description erroneous; after Schépf).
Tylosurus marinus Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1883, 901; Jordan &
Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 387 (Charleston) ; Bean, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1883, 366 (Havre de Grace); Jordan & Swain., Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1884, 231 (Cedar Key, Fla.); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 1885, 59;
Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885 (Beaufort).
£sox longirostris Mitchill, Am. Monthly Mag., ii, 1818, 322 (Hudson R.).
Belone longirostris Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast N. A., 1861, 38; Jordan &
Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 368 (Neuse R., N. C.); Jordan &
Gilbert, 1. c., 1878, 383 (Beaufort, N. C.); Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1879, 31 (Kiel Bay); Goode, 1. ¢.. 1879, 116 (St. John’s River, Florida);
Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 150 (Pensacola); Bean, 1. ¢., 1880,
-103 (Noank, Conn. ; Wood’s Holl, Mass.). _
Tylosurus longirostris Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. N. A., 1883, 374.
Belone truncata Le Sueur, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., i, 126, 1821 (New York
Market; Philadelphia Market ; Newport Market); Storer, Rept. Fish.
Mass., 1839,98 (Holmes’ Hole, Martha’s Vineyard); De Kay, New York
Fauna, Fishes, 1842, 227, pl. 35, f. 112; Storer, Synopsis, 1846, 186;
Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xviii, 422 (New York; Phila-
delphia; Newport; New Orleans). ;
Belone truncata Giinther, vi, 1866, 244 (New Orleans; in part; other localities
mentioned, ‘‘Jamaica,” ‘ Bahia,” ‘ Demerara,” probably belong to 7.
almeida).
Belone scrutator, Girard, U. S. Mex. Bound. Surv., Ichth., 30, pl. 13, f. 1,
1859 (Brazos Santiago; Saint Joseph’s Island, Texas).
Habitat.—Atlantic Coast of the United States, from Cape Cod to
Northern Florida and Texas, ascending all the rivers.
Head, 24; depth, 54 (in head); breadth at pectorals, 74 in head. D.
1. 15, A. 1.17. Seales, 300; 240 series before dorsal. Length (3646;
Beaufort, N. C.), 22 inches.
Body rather slender, not at all compressed ; almost as broad as deep
medially ; caudal peduncle depressed, broader than deep, the lateral
line passing into a slight elevated ridge or keel, which is not black.
Jaws slender, long; the upper jaw, from eye, contained 44 times in
length, and 2 times length of rest of head. Mouth not capable of being
completely closed, there being a very slight arch of base of upper
mandible. Eye moderate, proportionately larger in adult specimens,
about 14 in interorbital width, 24 to 24 in postorbital part of head and
7 in snout.
Teeth rather large; about 30 of the large teeth in the outer row on
each side of each jaw, the small teeth between and outside of these un-
usually large and conspicuous.
Bones and scales more or less green.
Maxillary not nearly concealed by the preorbital.
Interorbital area with a broad, shallow scaly depression, which has
a rather broad median ridge. Superciliary and temporal ridges mod-
352 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDA.
erately prominent, coarsely striate. Vertex flaitish, not depressed.
Temporal ridge without distinct notch behind eye. Two parallel ridges
on each side of occiput. No fold of skin across preopercle on lower
posterior margin.
Cheeks covered with small scales in about 16 rows; opercle covered
with similar scales which are scarcely smaller.
No gill-rakers.
Dorsal fin of moderate length and height, the posterior rays low,
even in young specimens, the anterior lobe 14 in postorbital part of
head; base of the fin equal to eye and postorbital part of head.
Anal a little higher than dorsal, and beginning a little farther for-
ward.
Caudal slightly lunate, the middle rays a little shorter than upper ;
the lower a little produced, a little longer than postorbital part of head.
Pectorals equal to postorbital part of head. Ventrals 14 in post-
orbital part of head, their insertion midway between origin of middle
caudal rays and edge of preopercle.
Color, clear greenish above, sides and below silvery; a narrow,
bluish silvery lateral streak, less distinct than in 7. subtruncatus and T.
notatus, becoming wider and usually fainter under the dorsal. This
Stripe is usually plainer in young examples. A conspicuous dark bar
on front of opercle. A dark median stripe on back. Fins dusky
olivaceous, with no distinct black markings. Axil dusky.
The synonymy of this species offers little room for doubt. The de-
scription given by Bloch & Schneider amounts to nothing, but such as
it is, it is drawn from Schopf, and no doubt seems to exist as to what
Schoépf had in mind.
The synonymy, as well as the description given by Dr. Giinther, in-
dicates the confusion of this species with others, especially with 7.
almeida. No other author seems to have recorded J. marinus from the
West Indies, and we question its occurrence there. It is not found at
Key West or Havana.
13. Tylosurus alitrefda.
? Timucu Marcgrave, Pisce. Brasil., 1648, 168 (Brazil).
? Hsox brasiliensis Linnzeeus, Systema Nature, ed. x, 1748, 314 (in part based ~
on Timucu of Maregrave, and on a description of a Hemirhamphus from
Jamaica by Brown, the name brasiliensis evidently taken from Marcgrave;
the description chiefly from Brown; not of Bloch, who uses the name for
a Hemirhamphus).
Belone almeida Quoy & Gaimard, Voyage de l’Uranie, Zoél., 226, 1824 (fide
Cuv. & Val.).
Belone timucu Cuvier & Valenciennes, xviii, 1846, 426 (Rio Janeiro); Gui-
chenot ‘‘ Ramon de la Sagra, Poiss., pl. 4, f. 1, abt. 1860” (Cuba).
Belone truncata var. guianensis Giinther, vi, 245, 1866 (Surinam); (not of
Miiller & Troschel).
Habitat.—West Indian Fauna; Cuba to Brazil.
Typical examples of Belone timucu in the museum at Paris belong to
a
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 353
a species very close to 7. marinus, differing chiefly in the smaller eye
(3 to 34 in postorbital part of head) and in the fewer fin-rays (D. 13 or
14; A. 15 or 16). The type of Belone almeida Q. & G. is regarded by
Valenciennes as identical with his B. timucu, but the scanty description
of Quoy and Gaimard is of little value for purposes of identification.
The species was named for Don Fr. Almeida, a young secretary of the
Portuguese legation at Paris.
This species may be the Timucu of Maregrave, and therefore the
original Hsox brasiliensis of Linnzus, but the figure of Maregrave looks
even more like the 7. subtruncatus than like T. almeida.
Doubtless further material will show 7. almeida to be the southern
representative or subspecies of 7. marinus, as supposed by Dr. Giin-
ther, and the two may be wholly inseparable.
14. Tylosurus fodiator.
Tylosurus fodiator Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 859 (Mazat-
lan) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. 8. Fish Com., 1882, 106 (Mazatlan);
Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 370; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 1885, 59.
Habitat.—Pacific Coast of Mexico; Mazatlan.
This very large and robust species has been thus far found only
about Mazatlan. It represents on the Pacific coast the raphidoma of
the Atlantic. ‘
15. Tylosurus raphidoma. Hound-fish; Aguja de Casta.
Belone raphidoma Ranzani, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Inst. Bonon, v, 1842, 359,
pl. 37, f. 1 (Brazil); Giinther, vi, 249, 1846 (copied).
Tylosurus raphidoma Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 35 (Havana).
Belone gerania Cuv. & Val., xviii, 437 (Martinique); Giinther, vi, 241, 1846
(copied).
Belone crassa Poey, Memorias, ii, 291, 1861 (Cuba); Poey, Synopsis, 1868, 382;
Poey, Repert., ii, 1869, 165; Enumeratio, 1875, 120.
Tylosurus crassus Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 112 (Key West); Jordan,
Cat. Fish. N. A., 1885, 59.
Belone melanochira Poey, Memorias, ii, 294, 1861 (Havana); Giinther, vi, 249,
1866 (copied); Poey, Synopsis, 1868, 382; Poey, HEnumeratio, 1875, 120.
Tylosurus gladius Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 430 (Pensacola); Jor-
dan & Gilbert, Synopsis Fish. N. A., 1883, 901; Bean & Dresel, Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 168 (Jamaica).
Adult (263 inches in length), from Key West. Head, 34 in length;
depth at pectoral, 43 in head; breadth at pectoral, 54 in head; depth in
postorbital part of head, 14; breadth in same, 14. Eye in head, 9; in
postorbital part, 24; D. I, 21 to I, 24; A. I, 21 to 1. 23; lat. 1. more than
300; 225 scales before dorsal.
Young (195 inches), from Key West. Head, 3}; depth at pectoral,
df in head; breadth at pectoral, 52 in head; depth in postorbital part,
14; breadth, 14. Eye in bead, 84; in postorbital part, 244. Dorsal fin
inserted almost opposite front of anal; the latter less advanced than
in other species. Anal fin shorter than dorsal.
Proc. .N. M. 862--—23 October 30, L886.
354 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDZ.
This species has been well described, both by Dr. Bean and by Dr.
Jordan. It seems to be common through the West Indies, the numer-
ous specimens before us, of all sizes, being from Key West and Havana.
This is certainly the gladius of Bean, and the crassa of Poey. A type
of Belone melanochira of Poey is in the National Museum, and this,
Dr. Bean informed us, is identical with young specimens of the present
species collected by Dr. Jordan at Key West.
The Belone gerania of Valenciennes is scantily described, but the
probabilities are that this species was intended, although some of the
measurements are erroneous, or, at least, ambiguous (son bee * * *
‘ne dépasse la longueur de la joue que @’un cinquieéme”). The eye in
B. gerania would seem to be unusually large, more than half the post-
orbital part of the head. We have not seen the original account of
Belone raphidoma. The extract given by Dr. Giinther applies best to
this species, with which Giinther has identified it. The statement
that the origin of the dorsal is opposite that of the anal especially indi-
eates this species rather than 7. acus, in which the anal begins farther
forward. A tracing of Ranzani’s figure of B. raphidoma has been sent
to us by Mr. Garman. It agrees entirely with the present species.
The type of Belone crassa Poey, now in the museum at Cambridge, has
been compared by Mr. Garman with Ranzani’s description, and no dif-
ferences are apparent. There is, therefore, apparently no doubt that
the name raphidoma should be retained for this species.
Young specimens of this species have the beak more slender and
rather longer proportionally, the last rays of the dorsal more elevated,
and the tips of the fins, especially the posterior half of the pectoral,
more decidedly black.
16. Tylosurus galeatus.
Belone galeata Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., xviii, 1846, 429 (Cayenne).
Habitat.—West Indian Fauna.
We know this species only from the description given by Valen-
ciennes. If this be correct, it should be a species distinct from T.
raphidoma, from which it seems to differ in the fin-rays (D. 15, A. 17), -
and in having the caudal little forked, with no keel on its peduncle;
from TY. notatus it would seem to differ in having the beak rather
strong and only 12 times the length of the rest of the head. The scales
are said to be small, and the description* of the upper part of the head
suggests 7. raphidoma. We are unable to find the type either of B.
gerania or B. galeata in the museum at Paris.
*“Remarquable par l’espéce de casque osseux que dessinent sur la téte les os du
crane ; toute leur surface est lisse ; la cannelure est trés large et comme évasée dans
la région des 0s du nez; les bords ont des échancrures qui rappellent 4 certains égards
ceux d’un violon.” (Cuv. & Val.).
\
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 355
17. Tylosurus pacificus.
Belone pacifica Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., iii, 65, 1875 (Panama; Acapulco).
Tylosurus pacificus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1882, 624
(Panama); Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, 370 (Panama).
Habitat.—Panama Fauna; Acapulco, Panama.
This species is the Pacific coast representative of 7. acus, from which
it is scarcely to be distinguished except by the rather stouter body,
smaller teeth, and shorter vertical fins. Two or three specimens were
found by Professor Gilbert in the markets of Panama.
18. Tylosurus acus. Hound-fish; Agujon.
Sphyrena acus Lacépede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., v, 1803, 6, pl.1,f.3. (Martinique ;
from a drawing by Plumier.)
Tylosurus acus Bean, MSS.
?Hsox imperialis Rafinesque, Caratteri di Aleuni Nuovi Pee 1810, 59 (Pa-
lermo).
?Tylosurus imperialis Doderlein, Prospetto Metodico Pesci della Sicilia, 1879,
58 (Palermo).
Belone caribbea Giinther, vi, 1866, 241 (Dominica; Jamaica; New Orleans) ;
Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., 481, 1871 (Lesser Antilles) (not of Le Sueur).
Tylosurus caribbeus Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 1885, 59; Jordan, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1886, 26 (Beaufort).
?Tylosurus cantrainii Cocco, ‘* Lettere in Giorn. Sci. Lett. Sic. , XViii, 18, tab. 1,
f. 4, 1829” (Messina); Bonaparte, Fauna, Ital. Pesc.
?Belone cantrainii Cuv. & Val., xviii, 418, 1846 (copied); Gitinther, vi, 242
(copied).
Belone latimana Poey, Memorias Cuba, ii, 290, 1861 (Havana); Giinther, vi,
1866, 249 (copied) ; Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 6 (Buzzard’s Bay,
Mass.).
Belone jonesi Goode, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1877, 295 (Bermuda); Goode, Proce.
U.S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 462 (Bermuda).
Belone jonesi Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., iii, 1879, 150 (Bermuda).
Belone hians Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1878, 383 (Beaufort, N.C. ;
Young).
Habitat—West Indian Fauna. Bermudas, straying northward to
Cape Cod, and perhaps crossing the ocean to Sicily.
It is possible that more than one species is included in the above
synonymy, but so far as we can decide, all these names refer to a single
species, widely distributed and varying somewhat with age.
The best description of this species extant is that of Professor Goode
under the name of Belone jonesi, and his description we may now adopt
for this species as understood by us
So far as the description goes, the jonesi of Giinther may be either
this species or raphidoma, but as Giinther’s types as well as Goode’s
came from Mr. J. Matthew Jones at Bermuda, we may accept, as un-
questioned, Goode’s statement that the two are identical. We have seen
that the height of the last dorsal rays is subject to great variation in 7.
raphidoma, the young as a rule having these rays elevated, as also some
old examples, while in others, these rays are short, the tips being ap-
parently worn off. According to Dr. Bean, who has compared specimens
of T. latimanus with the types of 7. jonesi, no other tangible differences
356 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDZ.
exist and these may all be regarded as forming a Single species. It is
probable also, as Dr. Bean has already noticed, that the Sphyrena acus,
roughly figured by Lacépéde, is the same species. The long snout sepa-
rates it from raphidoma, the small eye from T. caribbeus, and the long
fins and other characters distinguish it from the other West Indian
species. The species should then, without much doubt, be designated
as Tylosurus acus.
The Belone caribbea of Le Sueur may be the same, but in the speci-
mens in the museum at Paris the eye is very large, larger than in B.
hians and half the postorbital part of the head. These have a similar
prolongation of the last rays of the dorsal. The upper jaw in 7. carib-
beus is arched at base, somewhat as in 7. hians. In Giinther’s deserip-
tion of Belone caribbea, the last rays of the dorsal are said to form a lobe
as high as the anterior lobe, while the eye is said to be 24 times in the
postorbital part of the head.
If Giinther’s Belone caribbea with the elevated posterior dorsal rays
be regarded as synonymous with 7. acus, there seems to be no reason
why the European T. imperialis (= T. cantraint) may not be the same
species also. This species is rather rarely taken off the coasts of Sicily,
according to the Italian authors. Its descriptions agree fully with
those of our acus, excepting in the elevation of the dorsal fin, in which
it agrees with Giinther’s account of 7. caribbeeus, and with a young ex-
ample of 7. acus taken by Dr. Jordan at Beaufort. If this identification
be correct, this will be another example of fishes common to Mediter-
rapean and West Indian waters (as Mycteroperca scirenga, Sparus pagrus,
Mullus surmuletus, ete.).
Rafinesque’s rough figure of his Hsox imperialis shows the upper jaw
very slightly arched at base. It may be that his fish is our T. caribbeus,
if indeed that be not the same as 7. acus. In any case, the nomencla-
ture of neither species can be regarded as definitely settled.
We are indebted to Professor Pietro Doderlein for the following notes
(here translated from the Italian) in regard to the Italian species known
as Tylosurus imperialis:
“As to Tylosurus imperialis, I will say that I find the figure and de-
Seription of Lacépéde (Hsox belone, 1, v, pl. 7, p. 308) corresponding
closely to the species in question (with the exclusion of a great part of
the synonymy). In this it is evident that Lacépéde has confused sev-
eral different species. I find that this species corresponds in many
characters with Belone caribbeea Le Sueur, Giinther, and the Belone lati-
mana Poey, and I presume that these forms represent a single species,
as you have already suggested (Syn. Fish. N. A., pp. 901, 397). As you
know, certain small differences may always exist among individuals
from different waters, and between adults and young. ‘This is here the
case. The number of rays in the vertical fins is variable in certain lim-
its, the number seemingly increasing with age. The length of the snout
is also variable, being a little longer in proportion in the young. But
y !
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 357
this will not prevent us from seeing in these a single identical species,
all the characters of importance being always alike.
‘‘The museum of Palermo has of this Tylosurus three large prepared
skins, two skeletons, and one young specimen in alcohol. For better
comparison I give here the measurements of all these:
== o— c oS) 8 = 3
SF hea a er nse | es 1h ee
| St | Sh | Bb qo eeu utes
| &E B | 28 ex a eee
|hieceat eh yale Se ea SOs
Ipuresie ene Sa. | Sa. os os | odo
saa ws | So = eq = OG ae i
| Sen Bea | Sea oi oA Ble
lisse BSo Bes wo “48 nce
N mM wD Die TR |
|
| |
Length from tip of snout to front of dorsal -.--. M.0.90 |M.0.70 |M.0.69 |M.0. 695 |M.0.685 |M.0. 295
‘Length from tip of snout to origin of ventral... .70 nos AOS a4 . 526 . 226
Length from tip of snont to origin of pectoral. -- -3l . 26 . 26 . 264 ~26) 4 ~ 115
Length from tip of snout to front of eye .--...-. . 20 hit, ae 17 Sian . 08
Distance from front of eye to gill opening .----. | le .08 | . 08 | . 085 . 684 . 034
Men GnvOitneadie sa. see oan stesese Sasi be =o15)| NDS . 26 265i . 264 - 116
Wepibyatipectoral f2. 5. - sass. sence ese ne Leta | - 059 | . 059 OOM ee be Mee | Sess a |e
MDTSal gray Sweet Meatoacracis cs cece occas Sess 25 24 24 25 | 24 | 23
Bui alGd Viste eects awe oe eciat seen eeelyeo ack 23 22) 22 23 | 22 22
BABC LORD SNAUY Spee mee eee ce niais Gees Saree seni eee 13 13 13 13 | 13 13
Wientral/rays.:--.-2.---...-: epoca tet ahc oacek LS 5 14) TRS een 5
19. Tylosurus caribbzus.
Belone caribba@a Le Sueur, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., ii, 1821, 127 (Caribbean
Sea); Cuvier & Valenciennes, xviii, 1846, 480 (Martinique; St. Bartholo-
mew ).
Belone altipinna, Poey, Memorias, 293, 1861 (Cuba); Poey, Syn., 381, 1868;
Poey, Enumeratio, 120, 1875.
Habitat.—West Indian Fauna; Cuba.
We know this species only from the specimens from Martinique in
the museum at Paris, described by Valenciennes. {t is very close to
T. acus, and may be the same, but the upper jaw is somewhat arched
at base and the eye is very large (2-45 in postorbital part of head).
Povy’s B. altipinna is doubtless identical with these specimens, and the
original caribbea of Le Sueur is presumably the same.
20. Tylosurus hians.
Belone hians Cuvier & Valenciennes, xviii, 432, 1846 (Havana, Bahia); Giin-
ther, vi, 1866, 248 (West Indies, Bahia); Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., iii,
64, 1875 (Acapulco) ; Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879 (Florida).
Tylosurus hians Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 1883, 373, 901; Jordan, Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 370; Jordan, |. c. (Havana); Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A.,
1885, 59. §
Belone maculata Poey, Memorias, ii, 290, 1861 (Havana); Cope, Trans. Am,
Philos. Soc., 1871, 481 (St. Kitts).
Habitat.—W est Indies ranging to Brazil, and occasionally northward.
Also recorded from the Pacific coast at Acapuleo.
Head, 4; depth at pectoral in head, 4; breadth, 9 in head; depth, a
little more than postorbital part of head; breadth, 2 insame. D. 1,25;
A. 1,26; lat. 1. about 520; 450 scales before dorsal. Length, 956 I. U.
from Havana, 32 inches.
Body strongly compressed, deepest above ventrals, where it is more
. a
358 REVIEW OF SPECIES OF BELONIDA.
than twice as deep as broad ; caudal peduncle not compressed, without
keel, the lateral line not conspicuous and not black.
Jaws long and very slender, upper jaw with a peculiar arch at base,
so that for a distance about equal to length of eye the two jaws do not
come in contact. In this region only small teeth are present in either
jaw. In front of this open space the teeth in both jaws are rather large,
but smaller than in most of the species. Anteriorly they become again
quite small, and toward the front of the jaw only minute teeth are
present. Above the open space in jaw the upper surface of the jaw is
very convex, both transversely and longitudinally; anteriorly the jaw
is much depressed, with a median groove; snout, 5? in length of body,
twice length of rest of head, maxillary entirely concealed by the pre-
orbital.
Top of head with a broad shallow median ‘groove, covered with trans-
parent skin and anteriorly scaly. Superciliary bones not prominent,
the bones with longitudinal strie#; vertex depressed, not scaly.
Eye large, 14 in interorbital space; in head, 93; 2} in postorbital
part of head, 7 in snout.
Cheeks and preopercle rather closely scaled except below. Opercle
naked, covered with smooth silvery skin. <A little fold of skin like a
mucous tube across lower anterior part of preopercle; this less con-
spicuous than in 7. raphidoma.
Seales very small, green. Teeth and bones more or less green. No
gill-rakers.
Dorsal fin faleate, the anterior lobe 3} in head; the last rays also
more or less elevated, especially in the young, the longest of these rays
in adult 52 in head. Anal higher than dorsal, and beginning further
forward; the posterior rays not at all elevated. Pectorals long, talcate,
32 in head. Ventrals 4% in head, their insertion midway between base
of middle rays of caudal and front of arch of upper jaw. Caudal
deeply forked, the lower lobe 2% in head; the upper, 3.
Color in spirits deep green above, sides bright silvery (young with a
series of round dark blotches). A dusky bar on front of operecle; fins
all dusky; the tips of the rays black, especially the pectorals, ventrals,
and lobes of dorsal and anal.
Our specimens of this species are from Cuba and from Beaufort,
North Carolina. No real doubt is connected with the synonymy of this
species. The insertion of the ventrals is incorrectly given by Valen-
ciennues as “a little before the middle of the total length.” This mistake
or ambiguity of expression is corrected by Poey, who however gives a
new name, maculata, to the Cuban species. ‘We regard maculata as
without question identical with hians.
Steindachner identifies with Z. hians specimens obtained by him at
Acapulco. If this identification be correct, this is the only species of
the group common to the two coasts of America.
The Belone hians is so remarkably different in the form of the body
from the other species of Tylosurus, that it may be regared as forming
1886. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 359
a distinct subgenus or possibly genus. For this group the name Ath-
lennes* has been given. But one species is known. Its characters are
given in contrast with those of the species of Tylosurus in our analysis
of the latter.
Genus Ul. POTAMORRHAPHIS.
POTAMORRHAPHIS Giinther, vi, 1866, 256 (teniata).
This genus is well distinguished from the others in the family by the
form of its dorsal and caudal fins. Its single known species inhabits the
fresh waters of Brazil and Guiana.
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF POTAMORRHAPRHIS.
a. Dorsal rays 30 to 34; anal rays 25 to 30; lat. 1. 180; trunk tetraédral, as broad as deep ;
tail long, strongly compressed, without keel; beak broad, strongly depressed,
the lower jaw broader and longer than upper; teeth small; eye smali, 24 in
postorbital part of head; maxillary half hidden; ventrals far back, inserted
midway between base of pectoral and caudal; anterior rays of dorsal very low,
those of anal considerably elevated. A dusky lateral band on sides.
GUIANENSIS, 21.
21. Potamorrhaphis guianensis.
Belone guianensis ‘‘Schomburgk, Fish, Guiana, 1841, ii, pl. 1, 131” (Guiana;
name only ?).
Tylosurus guianensis Miiller & Troschel, ‘‘Schomburgk, Reise Brit. Guiana,
lil, 626, 1843” (Guiana).
Belone scolopacina Cuy. & Val., xviii, 428, 1846 (Rio de la Mana, Cayenne) ;
Giinther, vi, 256 (copied).
Belone teniata Giinther, vi, 256, 1866 (Rio Capin, Brazil).
Potamorrhaphis teniata Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., iii, 68, 1875 (Amazon
River at Teffé, Villa Bella, Porto do Moz, Santarem, Gurupa, Hyavary
River, Lake Manacapuru, etc.).
Habitat.—Rivers of Guiana and Brazil.
Head 23; depth 8 in head; breadth at pectoral 83; D. 34; A.30; Lat. 1.
about 174; scales before dorsal 108; length (specimens from Itaituba)
83 inches.
Body slender, subquadrate in section, broad anteriorly; tail long and
slender, much compressed, the lateral line not forming a keel and not
black.
Jaws very long and slender, the lower much broader than the upper
and somewhat longer; length of upper jaw from eye 33 times in length
of body and 24 times length of rest of head. Mouth closing completely.
Eye small, its diameter 14 in interorbital space, 23 in postorbital part of
head and 10 in snout. Teeth very small and slender (in comparison
with those of most species of Tylosurus). Teeth, bones, and scales ap-
parently not green; maxillary not nearly covered by the preorbital.
Interorbital space with a deep naked channel, on each side of which
isa slight ridge; vertex somewhat convex; superciliary ridge rather
sharp; bones of head little striate; no distinct fold of skin across edge
of preopercle; cheek entirely scaled, its scales moderate in size, scales
on body comparatively large.
*“AdAevvie, ‘‘ without mucosity,” an epithet applied by early authors to their Se/ovg
or Acus, according to Valenciennes.
360 REVIEW. OF SPECIES OF BELONID.
No gill-rakers.
Dorsal fin long and low, not at all falcate, its rays gradually and
slowly shortened from the first; first dorsal ray 2 in postorbital part of
head. Anal fin falecate, its insertion a little behind that of dorsal, its
lobe 14 in postorbital part of head.
Caudal fin pointed, its length 14 times postorbital part of head.
Ventral inserted far back, midway between base of caudal and base of
pectoral.
Pectoral very narrow and pointed as long as postorbital part of head.
Color in our specimens entirely faded; the middle of sides apparently
with a darker lateral shade.
Our specimens of this species are from Itaituba, in Brazil. Accord-
ing to Dr. Steindachner, it is very abundant in the Amazon River.
Steindachner says that the ‘oldest name for this species is that
of Belone? guianensis Schomburgk; since, however, no description is
given in Schomburgk’s work, that proposed by Dr. Giinther may be re-
tained.” We have not examined either Schomburgk’s work or that of
Miiller & Troschel, but it is presumable that either the one or the other
contains description enough to justify the use of Schomburgk’s name,
in preference to the later one of Valenciennes. We have examined
the types of Belone scolopacina in the museum at Paris. They belong
to the species here described, The very bad condition of the specimens
led Valenciennes to make a gross miscount of the fin-rays (“*D. 14; A.
ae”).
RECAPITULATION.
We here repeat the list of the species of American and European
Belonide recognized by us, with an indication of their geographical dis-
tribution: C. (California); P. (Panama fauna); E. (Europe); W. (West
Indies); R. (Rivers of Brazil); U. (Atlantic Coast of the United States).
Genus 1. BELONE Cuvier.
1. Belone belone L. E. (Perhaps two or three species included in the synonymy. )
Genus 2. TYLOSURUS Cocco.
§ Tylosurus.
. Tylosurus notatus Poey. W. U.
. Tylosurus scapularis Jordan & Gilbert. P.
Tylosurus subtruncatus Poey. W.U. (Synonymy sumewhat doubtful; perhaps
should be called brasiliensis.)
. Tylosurus euryops Bean & Dresel. W.
. Tylosurus diplotenia Cope. W. (Species unknown to us.)
. Tylosurus microps Giinther. R.
. Tylosurus amazonicus Steindachner. R. (Perhaps identical with T. microps.)
. Tylosurus ardeolus Cuy. & Val. W. (Species doubtful as to name and synonymy;
unknown to us.)
10. Tylosurus stolzemanni Steindachner. P.
11. Tylosurus exilis Girard. C.
12. Tylosurus marinus Bloch & Schneider. U.
13. Tylosurus almeida Quoy & Gaimard. W. (Perhaps to be called T. brasiliensis ;
. probably a variety of T. marinus.)
m 09 0
oman un
oa ae
a ee
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
14. Tylosurus fodiator Jordan & Gilbert. P.
15. Tylosurus raphidoma Ranzani. W. U.
16. Tylosurus galeatus Cuv. & Val. W.
17. Tylosurus pacificus Steindachner. P.
18. Tylosurus acus Lacépéde.
19.
Tylosurus caribbeus Le Sueur. W.
361
(Some of the synonymy uncertain.)
(Species unknown to us.)
W. U. E.? (Perhaps two or three species (acus, im-
perialis, longimanus) included in the synonymy.)
(Some of the synonymy doubtful. )
§ Athlennes Jourdan & Fordice.
20.
Tylosurus hians Cuv. & Val. W.U.P.
Genus 3. POTAMORRHAPHIS Giinther.
21. Potamorrhaphis guianensis Schomburgk. R. (Perhaps to be called P. scolopacina.)
List of nominal species, with identifications.
(Tenable specific names are in italics. ]
|Date.
List of nominal species. Identification.
aH SORTUELOME OID CUS ee ae aa ccs wnle oo) sisiaae ete a selene emieee 1758 | Belone belone.
HsoxabTasilionsig g@inn BUSs2—- = 52 => ici cesacee cine eeeoaae ase 1758 eles
Esox belone var. marinus, Bloch & Schneider...-.-..--.....-. 1801 | ‘fC ylosurus marinus.
DP Myce May CUS UAC OD CUO. = cs.crcte = aysioteloersteeaetee a iejereie wee 1803 | Tylosurus acus.
MRO MAM PSKiAliswhalin eSGUC! s2se's- Sasa~ oses= alee aton ance tee ee 1810 | Tylosurus (acus?) imperialis.
ROSS ON CIOS MAS MMC HMM 32 oo /o.— alten sejetenies Suen oeise siaeees 1818 | Tyl. marinus.
Belonecam7vvea wae SUCUL 5... 2% -see sees eeneeceeee areas. 1821 | Tyl. caribbeus.
Belone almeida, Quoy & Gaimard.....-..2.-..0--222-----4.<-- 1825 | Tyl. almeida.
IBSlOneGACUSMEVISSO osha) oct ici ce ses - a ce ee eee note eeeiee 1826 | Belone belone.
Belone;vwulaaris: Wleming 22255. «sesso cesceeeesee see <aee: 1828 | Belone belone.
GION C ELON UabA DDE scene eee ee eee renee eeneoe 1829 | Belone belone.
ylosunus cantrainiis COCO: =~ -2.-2-sea-esenee ee eeee toe -eee 1829 | Tyl. (acus?) imperialis.
Hemirhamphus europzus, Yarrell ..--.--..............-.- - | 1837 | Belone belone.
Belone guianensis, Schomburgk ....--.--------------+-- .----- 1841 | Potamorrhaphis guianensis.
Belone yA phiGomd, RANGA 5 2-6 secces ee say aoe eee eee = =: 1842 | Tyl. raphidoma.
Heloneanrdcord, | Cavadeeviall <= 2s sa. se sece ees seeeeeee ee neeeia ae 1846 | Tyl. ardeolus.
Belone timucu, Cuv. & Val ..-..-.. 1846 | Tyl. almeida.
Belone scolopacina, Cuv. & Val 1846 | Potam. guianensis.
Belone galeata, Cuv. & Val ......-.----- 1846 | Tyl. galeatus.
BelonemvanssCuvac&, Vialll-ctasnsce poses soca ene eeeeeese 1846 | Tyl. bians.
Belone cigonella, Cuv. & Val.......--- eee aeereeenen se 1846 | Tyl. ardeolus ?
Belone: serariia, Wily. ido Walkie: seaecesee can core ehten sepia aa mecteee 1846 | Tyl. raphidoma.
Beoneancalus) We Sneun foo ca. esses te seaeeeeeaee cece cees 1846 | Tyl. ardeolus?
Macrognathus scolopax, Gronow..-.-...--------------------2-05 1854 | Belone belone.
Belonevertlis; Girard) essa seems seee ances eo oeeeeeuecen bees. 1854 | Tyl. exilis.
Belone:scrututor; Girard! 2523 Soca h ee aes ssc eee oe cee 1859 | Tyl. marinus.
Hemirhamphus obtusus, Couch..-2.... 2-52. 22252. soces coe 2s 1860 | Belone belone.
Belone maculata, OC ya. sos see sees selec ce eee eeeeaae 1861 | Tyl. bians.
BelonGlerassass POC Yn mae sacs cele oen aie ce eaeiee aecer meee 1861 | Tyl. raphidoma.
BelenelatiumananPoSyegesece sects eae see scat ke See eee 1861 | Tyl. acus.
Belone albipinma) | POCY << -p-cseyelone ec aeeline coeidecwiceisies os ce 1861 | Tyl. caribbeus.
IBGlONE OLDE Pb OOVi. onan ace mea ee aae tence ces Semeee 1861 | Tyl. notatus.
Belong melanochira Poey s.staa. = seeeeeee eee oe cee seciceectne 1861 | Tyl. raphidoma.
Belone swberuncatH,"P OY) a sace eens eeee seen occurs noose oe 1861 | yl. subtruncatus.
ELON Ee CENLessa, OO Vi seta tara cenrasie eeiote niciniets eomticiale nae etale 18@l | Tyl. subtruncatus.
Belone Wininel. Malm one secs cineterrece eee cet ne nen on sec eenae 1866 | Belone belone.
Belonewmicrons: Giinthere nase eceses asec sah se nese eee neces oe 1866 | Tyl. microps.
Polonewracilisn Gin theres soca eee ete nee melee oe eae aoe 1866 | Belone (belone) gracilis.
BeloneenxaniiGinthers 5 ee poe eee ea ee sa Be 1866 | Belone (belone) enxini.
iBelonereormidin (Gunther?-saseceee cece ree eee tenon) seeete 1866 | Belone (belone) cornidii.
iRelonetreniata, Ginther: sasqgcoseneee cme cacecoceuece se ..---| 1866 | Potam. guianensis.
Belone:diplatania, Cope. cass ecsnsecee se cce scene ccceceen tele ces 1871 | Ty]. diplotznia.
Belone pacijica, Steindachner:. ./22--2---- s.-22. 2.226 cee5- ---| 1875 | Tyl. pacificus.
Beloneiamazonica, Steindachners..-.-ces-cs ssc e ccc ese ceccoe 1875 | Tyl. (microps) amazonicus.
elonejonesia Goode! yi agen pec meee reece eae canon sewer 1877 | Tyl. acus.
Belone stolzmanni, Steindachner...............--.--.ee----e-- 1878 | Tyl. stolzmanni.
Belonejonesi.) Gunther sasee ease eee ere = sce cence seen. 1879 | Tyl. acus.
Tylosurus sierrita, Jordan & Gilbert ..---..........-....-.--- 1881 | Tyl. stolzmanni.
Tylosurus fodiator, Jordan & Gilbert.....................---- 1881 | Tyl. fodiator.
Tylosurus scapularis, Jordan & Gilbert..........-.-.-----..-- 1881 | Tyl. scapalaris.
sivlosurusieladings Beane. eso seee ences sone ee kees cocbasn ane 1882 | Tyl. raphidoma.
Tylosurus sagitta, Jordan & Gilbert 1884 | Tyl. subtruncatus.
Tylosurus ewuryops, Bean & Dresel...........-.-----.ss002---- Tyl. euryops.
1884
INDIANA UNIVERSITY,
January 22, 1886.
~
DESCRIPTION OF RALLUS JOUYI, WITH REMARKS ON RALLUS
STRIATUS AND RALLUS GULARIS.
By LEONHARD STEJNEGER.
Rallus striatus is said to occur from India throughout Burmah, Cochin
China, Malacca, Sumatra, Java, Southern China, the Philippine Isl-
ands, and Formosa. But it seems that several species or subspecies
have been lumped together under this name. The type of &. striatus
came from the Philippines, and Brisson described it as having “ the
lower part of the hind neck, back and scapulars of a blackish brown,
each feather being marked on both sides with transverse whitish spots”
(Ornith., V, 1760, p. 168). A specimen in-the National Museum (No.
77009), said to have come from the Philippine Islands, agrees very
minutely with his full and excellent description, and I, therefore, take
it to be the typical R. striatus.
Two specimens before me (U. 8. Nat. Mus., Nos. 15427, 95823), one ob-
tained by Peale in ‘“‘ Malacca,” the other by Dr. Cantor in Penang, may
be regarded as nearly typical R. gularis HORSF., which was originally
described from Java.
The other specimens in our museum (Nos. 85751, 85752) differ con-
siderably from the foregoing ones, as will be shown further on, and as
they were obtained by Mr. P. L. Jouy, whose excellent collections from
China and Japan have added so much to our knowledge of the orni-
thology of these countries, I take great pleasure in calling this unnamed
species Rallus jouyi or Hypotaenidia jouyt.
Rallus striatus LINN. (S. N., 12 ed., 1766, I, p. 262) has the upper sur-
face blackish brown with small, but very distinct white dots, which on
the wings extend transversely into sharply-defined white bars, while
in the other two forms the color of the back is more or less olive; the
rufous on the upper head and neck is deeper, nearly chestnut, and in the
middle, from the bill down to the back, washed so strongly with dusky
that it blends nearly imperceptibly with the blackish brown of the back,
while the outer edges of the chestnut portion form a brighter band run-
ning from the supraloral region over the eyes and down along the sides
of the neck, ill-defined above, but sharply contrasting with the gray of
the sides of the head and neck. Lores, cheeks, fore neck and breast
eray, darker than in the allied forms, and slightly washed with oliva-
ceous. Entire abdomen and the tibiz very distinctly barred with
whitish and dusky, the flanks similarly barred, the dusky bars, how-
ever, being darker, nearly blackish, and broader. The primary coverts
are uniform without white bars or spots, while the other upper wing
coverts are distinctly barred with white.
Rallus gularis HorsF. (Tr. Linn. Soc., XIII, 1522, p. 196), if the
Malaccan specimens do not differ from those found in Java, is of about
362
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 363
the same size as the foregoing species. The color of the back is some-
what lighter, in No. 15427; also more olivaceous, and the white mark-
ings form narrow transverse bars across the feathers. The chestnut
color of the hind neck is brighter, contrasting strongly with the back.
Underneath the gray color is lighter, and the entire abdomen and the
tibial feathers are uniformly whitish without bars. The primary coverts
are distinetly barred with white like the rest of the upper wing coverts.
Rallus jouyi sp. nov. ( é ad. type U.S. Nat Mus., No. 85751) is a much
larger bird than any of the foregoing species. The coloration of the
back is a slightly grayish olive; each feather having an ill-defined dusky
spot in the middle, which, however, is only visible externally in the
interscapular region, and two or three pairs of transverse white spots
bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by blackish; the color of the back
extends on the hind neck nearly as far as the occiput, bordered on both
sides by a bright rusty chestnut band, which forms a continuation of the
color of the pileum and occiput. Chin and throat white ; lores, suboe-
ular, and auricular regions, fore neck and upper breast clear bluish
gray; sides of breast, flanks, and lower part of the breast with broad
white dusky-bordered cross-bars on a ground color which is olive on
the sides, gradually becoming grayer towards the middle of the breast ;
entire abdomen, crissum, under tail-coverts, and tibiz, distinctly barred
with white and dusky gray, narrower than on the flanks and breast.
Wings above olive like the back, and with white cross-bands like those
of the flanks but more distant; primary coverts with two pairs of trans-
verse white spots; wings underneath, including axillaries, dusky with
narrow white cross-bars. Tail colored like the wings. Bill (in the
dried skin) orange red, grayish white at tip beyond the nasal groove;
feet horny brown.
The female (2 ad. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 85752) is quite similar to the
male, but the olive of the back is washed with brownish instead of gray ;
the breast, flanks, and tibiz are barred as in the male, but the abdomen
is nearly uniform whitish.
HABITAT.—The two specimens described above are from Shanghai,
China. Whether the Indian bird really beiongs here I cannot say, but
I suspect it does, since Jerdon (B. of Ind., III, p. 726) describes it as
having “the upper plumage olivaceous throughout, with narrow white,
black-edged bars, and his measurements agree pretty well with mine.
If such be the case, this is Reichenbach’s Rallus indicus (Volist. Naturg.,
Novit. Rasor., pl. ecexxii, figs. 2575, 2576 (1851), a name which two years
previous was applied by Blyth to the Indian form of Water Rail. I may
quote, however, a remark by Mr. Swinhoe (Ibis, 1863, p. 427): ‘The
hind necks of the Formosan birds, as well as of species from Siam, are
bright chestnut. This color scarcely shows at all in birds that I have
seen from India; but specimens may vary in this respect, and I have
seen no large series.”
mi ~
364 NEW SPECIES OF RALLUS FROM CHINA.
rs
é
The following table may facilitate the better understanding of the
characters of the three forms, as shown in the specimens before me:
: ; es : striatus, primary coverts uniform, unspotted.
Smaller: lower breast not barred ; gularis f°
Larger: lower breast barred like primary coverts spotted with white.
the tanks 52,4 -f. seeps ses jouyt
The difference in size between striatus and gularis, on one side, and
jouyi, on the other, is shown by the following
¥
Measurements.
1. RALLUS STRIATUS.
a f | [= TES Seen eae
a eb | | D ° | 1 4 e
: Collector and a | = | | of
ss ollector an 2 me cree [pea ey ees het ae 25
Se, emer) es Locality. Date. | bs | S| ae | z ae
wi i | i (je | Bho | ee ee
a g | Bee eae
is | Tai y, aN | ia | alt = | =.
| | mm. | mm. mim. | man. | mm.
Pa LAO terete tetera nies trom ad Philippines 22--- --- [eee newer fe asta LL at 36 37 | 4
| | | | |
2. RALLUS GULARIS.
95823 | Dr. Cantor.--..-- | ad. | Renan oes eb ion os Seek) Spite te 112! 39] 35 at | 40
15927) Peale . 22.3 le~ <n = | ad. INV ANRC C2 wna stoned lee tiered aetars Le lente 3D) scene epee
| | | | | |
3. RALLUS JOUYI.
| | 1, 1 |
SHTSLA OUI. Te winnie cic oe oad. "| Shanehai).-2-2.--5622 July 5,1881! 133 51 44 46 | 7
S57s2 uous ee cee ee. Oladsa|saseee ORS ete cae May 8, 1881 | 132] 50] 41) 45 | 48
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 365
ON TURDUS ALPESTRIS AND TURDUS TORQUATUS, TWO DIS-
TINCT SPECIES OF EUROPEAN THRUSHES.
By LEONHARD STEJNEGER.
On plate 15, vol. il, of Dresser’s “ Birds of Europe” is figured a young
female Ring-Thrush of which the author, in the text (vol. ii, p. 114; pub-
lished in 1872) speaks in the following terms: ‘“* We have received from
Herr W. Schliiter, of Halle, a naturalist to whose ready assistance we
owe the opportunities of describing many a rare bird, a young female
of the Ring-Ouzel, evidently in its first winter plumage, of which we add
a full description, as we cannot find any notice of this curious livery in
any work we have examined.” Then follows the description, of which
we only quote the following as indicating the chief pecularities of
the bird: “.... quills brown, externally margined with buffy white,
which causes a shade of this color to pervade the whole of the outer
- surface of the wing; ..... under surface of the body chocolate-brown,
the whole of the feathers so broadly margined with whitish that the
ground-color of ghe plumage is scarcely perceptible; ..... under wing-
coverts creamy white, with a narrow longitudinal indication of brown
on some of the feathers... .” The plate bears out the characters very
well, although we note no “‘chocolate-brown” color; but inasmuch as
we have a specimen before us which nearly exactly matches the plate,
we think the latter is more correct, the dark markings on the under
surface in our specimen being sepia brown.
‘‘This curious livery” is not mentioned in any of the usual standard
works on European ornithology. It is not described hy Femminck,
Nilsson, Naumann,* Degland, Yarrell and Newton, Macgillivray, &c.
Neither have authors writing later than the publication of Dresser’s
grand work given it even a passing notice. Mr. H. Seebohm, who, in
1881, monographed the Thrushes (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., V), and who, in
1883, treated of the Ring-Thrush in his “History of British Birds,”
has also passed by it in absolute silence.
Nevertheless, as I shall show later on, the “livery” in question has
been mentioned repeatedly in the literature, not as a special plumage
of the Ring-Thrush, but as a separate species. If some of the authors
quoted above had consulted the references cited by themselves in their
synonymies, they would have found it described by C. L. Brehm as
Merula alpestris.
It has been the unfortunate fashion to sneer at the species and sub-
*In the 6th vol. of his great work, pp.5-14, he gives some additional notes on the.
Ring-Ouzel, in which he alludes to this ‘‘livery ” as that of the younger bird. His
notes are chiefly based on material furnished him by Gloger, and the specimens re-
ferred to are evidently the same later on mentioned by Brehm as belonging to T.
alpestris.
366 NOTES ON EUROPEAN THRUSHES.
species of Brehm, and the simple fact that a name was established by
him has been sufficient reason to ignore it altogether, and to put it into
the synonymy without further investigation. This is not only injus.-
tice to Brehm’s honest labor and his extreme power of discrimination,
but it has resulted in absolute injury to science. In the present case,
for instance, | think that I am in position to prove that Brehm was
correct, and that there exist two distinct species of Ring-Thrushes in
Europe, notwithstanding the fact that hardly a single European orni-
thologist of the present generation even dreams of it.
That Turdus alpestris is no special plumage, referable to sex, age,
or season, is clear from the material at hand. There is first the speci-
men described and figured by Dresser. I have before me a beautiful
specimen, nearly an exact counterpart of Dresser’s plate, also obtained
through W. Schliiter, and said to have come from Galicia. The label
indicates that it is a young male, and there is nothing in the appear-
ance of the bird to contradict this statement. The bird is evidently in
its first winter plumage; the bili is entirely dusky; the collaris brown-
ish and a little more distinct than in the bird figured by Dresser. This
is U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 56308. But there are two more specimens in
the same museum (Nos. 9664 and 106458), which are certainly old birds
in full summer plumage. One was collected June 7, thé other August 8;
the former, an adult female, according to the label, browner; the latter,
indicated as amale, blacker. Both have yellow bills, pure white collars,
and the margins of the breast and abdominal feathers extremely broad,
notwithstanding the season and the worn condition of the plumage;
both have the central white spot to each feather, the whitish aspects of
the upper surface of the wing, and the white under wing-coverts. In
other words, they are true and typical adult Turdus alpestris in summer
plumage. We have, consequently, a pair of young birds in the first
winter, and a pair of adult ones in summer. This proves beyond ques-
tion that we have not to do with a sexual or seasonal plumage of Tur-
dus torquatus proper.
We will next have to prove that Brehm’s Merula alpestris belongs
here. He has described the bird three times, but inasmuch as his de-
scriptions have been entirely overlooked, one of them, and that the
most important and elaborate one, being, besides, rather inaccessible to
most ornithologists, [ take the liberty to present them in translation.
The name occurs for the first time in Isis, 1828, p. 1281, but without
description, which was not supplied until 1831, when we find it in
Brehm’s Handbuch, p. 377. I need only quote the following to show
that this is the bird meant:
The breast and abdomen have a very variegated appearance, for each feather has,
besides the light margin, a large white median spot interrupted by a blackish shaft
stripe, the black consequently being forced towards the white margin. * * * This
species inhabits the Alps of Tyrol. * * *
In the Isis for 1848, Brehm published some observations by the late
Count von Gourey Droitaumont on the song of several German birds,
1886. ]
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
367
accompanied by remarks by himself. Brehm’s remarks accompanying
the observation on the Ring-Ouzel’s loud and penetrating song contains
THE NORTHERN RING-OUZEL.
Merula torquata auct.
- a parallel comparison of the two species (pp. 91-93), as follows :
THE ALPINE RING-OUZEL.
Merula-alpesiris Br.
\
(Male in spring.)
Bill yellow, with a more or
The entire bird, except the somewhat
lighter-colored wings, black with a white
semi-collar on the lower neck.
In autumn the male of this species also
has white margins to the feathers; but
they are narrow and disappear entirely
in the spring. It has never white spots
in the middle of the feathers.
The female is more spotted than the
male on account of the light margins
being broader, although even in the au-
tumn much less so than Merula alpestris,
and assumes in summer, when these mar-
gins partly or entirely disappear, a brown-
ish appearance, which is brought out in
contrast with the grayish-white collar.
The young plumage is unknown to me.
It inhabits Northern Europe, migrating
through Germany along the mountain
chains. It is the only species occurring
in Northern and Middle Germany. I can
assert this with the greatest certainty,
since all the specimens which I have ob-
tained from Northern Germany, from the
present region [Rentendorf], from the
mountains of the Voigtland, and from
the Thuringian Forest belong to the pres-
ent species. This is the bird which Bech-
stein possessed, for he could get no other
in Thuringia, as no other occurs there.
It has the song described by him, the
father of German ornithology, and not at
all the loud whistle of its near relative.
less intensive dusky tinge.
The upper surface black, rather pale or
dull; under surface very spotted and
varigated, all feathers below the white
collar having white margins which never
disappear and most of them possessing
white spots in the middle of the feathers,
which are most prominent in summer,
and which are never seen in Werula tor-
quata.
In autumn the appearance of the male
is very varigated, because the margins to
the feathers are very broad, and the same
is the case with the female. She also
presents a very varigated aspect on ac-
count of the whitish margins and medial
speculum to the feathers, and in autumn,
especially in the first year, the margins
are so broad grayish white that the bird
shows more white than dusky. In the
young plumage the bird is hardly recog-
nizable. The entire upper
blackish brown, in the female more gray-
ish black, with whitish yellow shaft
streaks and light margins to the feathers,
broadest on the wings, which thereby
appear quite light; the whole under sur-
face is spotted transversely yellowish
white and black, the male often with
nearly entirely white throat.
It inhabits the southern Alps, especially
those of Tyrol and Kaernthen, and goes
as far as the Riesengebirge. Those which
Gloger collected there, and all which
I have obtained through my friends
from Salzburg, Tyrol, Kaernthen, and
Vienna, belong to this species. This is
the bird which my collaborator [Count
von Gourcy Droitaumont] had in his pos-
session, and the only one which he could
have had, for the northern species is not
represented among the 18 specimens which
I have received from the countries just
mentioned. This is the bird that has
the loud, penetrating song, which has
been described above.
surface is
368 NOTES ON EUROPEAN THRUSHES.
Finally, in Journal fiir Ornithologie, 1860, Brehm appended some re-
marks to a paper by Leon Olphe-Galliard on the birds of the Valley of
Greyerz, Switzerland, which again emphasize the differences between
the two species as follows (p. 239):
This Ring-Ouzel from Switzerland is remarkably like one of the subspecies from
Kernthen. All the Ring-Ouzels breeding in the Alps and in the Riesengebirge differ
essentially from the northern ones. We possess 28 Ring-Ouzels from the most differ-
ent localities, even from Norway and from Spain. These Ring-Ouzels from Central
Europe differ essentially from the northern ones—
(1) By the much lighter coloration of the wings ;
(2) By the broader light margins to the feathers of the lower surface; and
(3) By the white spots (speculum) in the middle of the pectoral and abdominal
feathers.
They have besides so loud a voice that their song is quite intolerable in a room,
while that of the northern ones is soft and pleasant.
The above quotations prove beyond question the identity of our birds
with Brehm’s 7. alpestris.
It will be seen that Brehm obtained not less than 18 specimens of
alpestris out of a total number of 28,* a number which in itself goes a
long way to prove the existence of the species.
Brehm asserted most positively that 7. torquatus is northern in its
distribution, 7. alpestris southern, and states that he got the latter only
from the southern localities enumerated by him (see above). Against
this assertion other collectors are certain to record a somewhat different
experience, inasmuch as unquestionable typical T. torquatus are found in
the collections from various parts of Southern Europe. Thus we have
here a winter specimen from France, and Dresser (1. c.) figures a typical
male in winter plumage (September 26) from Belgrad, Servia. But, so
far as I have been able to ascertain the dates, all the true 7. torquatus
from the south are winter birds on their migration. In order to find out
the true habitat of each of these species, however, it is necessary to trace
their distribution during the breeding season, and it will then probably
be found that 7. alpestris belongs exclusively to the high mountains
from southern Central Kurope southward, including the Riesengebirge,
the Carpathians, the Alps with all their branches, the Pyrenees, and
Sierra Névada. The Caucasian Ring-Thrushes are hardly referable to
this species, for Radde (Ornis Caucasica, p. 270) speaks of their breeding
plumage as entirely wanting the white margins, and says that the old
males killed at the end of March had the white margins much narrower
than specimens from Hungary (presumably T. alpestris) collected in May.
Unfortunately he says nothing of the breeding pair shot July 2, at an
altitude of 10,000 feet above sea-level, except that the plumage was very
much worn.
*When C. L. Brehm died his collection is said to have contained 19 specimens
referable to T. torquatus and 9 to T. alpestris (cf. A. E. Brehm’s ‘‘ Verzeichniss der
nachgelassenen Sammlung (meist) europiischer Vogel von Dr. Ch. L. Brehm”, 1866,
p. 5). It isa thousand pities that this valuable collection is still inaccessible to orni-
thologists.
1886. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 369
it seems pretty safe to assume that 7. alpestris does not oecur, at
least regularly, anywhere in Northern Europe; otherwise it should
hardly escape attention. The specimen figured by Dresser, however,
is said to have come from Schleswig.. Whether there has been a trans-
position of label, or Schleswig misread for Schlesien, is difficult to say.
Too great stress cannot be laid upon a dealer’s label, though, of course,
very little can be said against the supposition that the bird was a
straggler from Middle Germany.
At any rate, it will only be possible in the future to fix the limits of
the two species, and for that reason their discrimination is very impor-
tant. It can hardly be doubted that this question can be satisfactorily
solved by the material already in the European collections. Ornitholo-
gists should be very careful, however, to base their conclusions solely
upon breeding birds, the habitats of which are unquestionable.
SYNONYMY.
Turdus alpestris (BREHM).
1823.—Merula alpestris BREHM, Isis, 1523, p.1281 (nom. nud.).—Id., Handb.
Vog. Deutschl., p. 377 (1831) (deser.).— Id., Isis, 1848, p. 92.—Id., Jour. f.
Orn., 1856, p.376.—Id., ibid., 1856, p. 446.—Id., ibid. , 1860, p. 239.
1855.—Merula vociferans BREHM, Naumannia, 1855, p. 281 (nom. nud.).—Id.,
Jour. f. Orn., 1856, p. 446. .
1855.—Merula maculata BREHM, Naumannia, 1855, p. 281 (nom. nud.).—Id.,
Jour. f. Orn., 1856, p. 446.
1856.—Merula insignis BREuM, Journ. f. Orn., 1856, p. 440 (nom. nud.).
Turdus torquatus et Merula torquata auct. mult. part. nee LINN.
FIGURES.
DRESSER, Birds of Europe, 1, pl. 15, fig. lev.
DESCRIPTION.
g ad. (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 106458; Sweet Waters, Turkey; August 8, 1877; IW.
Pearce). Whole upper surface dull brownish black, gradually fading towards the
rump, each feather narrowly marginated with ochraceous gray, and considerably
abraded; throat and upper part of fore neck similar, but the edges more whitish,
and the chin nearly white; across the prepectus a broad, dirty-white semilune;
the rest of the lower surface variegated of black and white, in nearly equal propor-
tions, the individual feathers being white witha broad sub-marginal brownish-black
V-shaped mark; upper surface of the wing of a ground color similar toe that of the
back, but lighter; the primaries narrowly edged with whitish-gray, slightly tinged
with buff, while the secondaries and greater coverts are broadly edged, and the
middle coverts broadly tipped with the same whitish color, making a large and
conspicuous patch on the wing; lining of the wing and axillaries whitish, slightly
mottled with dusky. Bill light, basal portion of upper mandible and tip dusky; feet
horn-brown.
Compared with a specimen of typical T. torquatus in what appears to
be exactly the corresponding plumage ( é ad. No. 69969, Rostock, Ger-
many) the differences are very great. The latter has the dark color of the
upper surface more saturated, more uniform, and perceptibly browner,
with light margins to the feathers; the throat is similarly uniform dark,
Proc. N. M. 86-———24 October 30, ESS86G.
370 NOTES ON EUROPEAN THRUSHES.
and the whole under surface behind the semilune is of the same blackish
brown color, each feather very narrowly margined with whitish, the mar-
gins not being broader than those of the upper surface in the specimen
of T. alpestris described. The upper surface of the wing is colored much
as ip the latter, but the light edges are very much narrower and their
color much duller and grayer, while the median coverts are entirely dif-
ferent, being brownish black, very narrowly margined with light gray,
like the feathers of the breast, and entirely without the broad white tips
of T. alpestris ; the lining of the wing is blackish-brown edged with light
gray, the axillaries somewhat lighter and mottled witb light grayish.
This is the same plumage which is represented in Dresser’s plate 14,
Vol. II, foreground figure. In order to make a very good representation
of T. alpestris in summer plumage, it is only necessary to take the same
author’s plate 15, right-hand figure, which is a 7. torquatus in winter
dress, and paint a white spot in the middle of each feather of the under
side of the body, behind the semilune, similar to those of the figure to
the left in the same plate, and to make the outer surface of the wing
correspondingly white. That the specimen of 7. alpestris described by
me is not mislabeled, and that the bird is really in its summer plumage,
is proven beyond a doubt by the yellow bill and the worn condition of
the feathers.
Qad. (U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 9662; “Europe,” June7; Baron v. Miller). Nearly identi-
eal with the male, but the dark color browner and paler, especially on the upper
side, on which, besides, the lighter margins are broader but less distinct and blending
with the ground color, making the whole upper surface a nearly uniform grayish
brown, which becomes decidedly gray on the lower back and rump ;* the white tips to
the median wing-coverts are more worn, but are plainly discernible; the whitish edg-
ings to the throat-feathers are somewhat broader, and on the flanks the white speculum
is often divided by a narrow blackish shaft stripe. Bill yellow; feet light horn
brown.
For comparison I have a female (No. 18584) of the true 7. torquatus,
from Denmark, precisely in the corresponding plumage, with yellow bill,
but perhaps a trifling less worn. The same differences exist as between
the males, but the coloration of the back is even more different in the
females, as in my T. alpestris 2 it resembles that of a very worn female
T. pilaris rather than that of 7. torquatus. The large whitish wing-
patch, the white under wing-coverts, the white streaked throat, and the
speckled, V-marked under surface at once distinguish the female 7,
alpestris.
I have no adult winter specimens of the latter species, but it is safe
to assume, that the distinguishing characters will be found to be still
more pronounced, for the white margins are probably much broader.
On the under surface of an adult winter male T. torquatus from Norway
*The central pair of tail-feathers is new, in fact have not yet grown out to the |
same length as the rest; like these they are uniform blackish brown; a few of the
upper coverts are also new and just out; these are decidedly tinged with yellowish |
olive.
Aiba be heed
1886. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 371
(No. 98003; Nov. 20) these margins are not half as broad as in the adult
summer male of T. alpestris.
go jun. (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 56308; Galicia; W. Schliiter).—The entire upper surface
olive gray, of a tinge quite similar to that of the corresponding piumage of T, musicus,
only that the feathers of the upper back show dusky centers; top of head and ear-
coverts suffused with brown; chin, throat, and upper fore neck of a buffish white
streaked with dusky along the shafts of the feathers, much after the fashion of 7.
-pilaris ; the prepectoral semilune of a light smoky gray, each feather terminated by a
subapical brownish band and a buffish white margin; rest of under surface white,
slightly suffused with buff on the sides and flanks, each feather with a submarginal, V-
shaped, blackish brown mark, the feathers on the side of the breast having, in addition,
a subapical blackish spot between the point of the V and the tip of the feather ; on the
under tail-coverts the dusky mark is more U-shaped; wings much as in the adults,
but more suffused with buff, except the tips of the median coverts and the edges of
the inner great coverts, which are nearly pure white. Bill horny blackish brown;
feet light horn brown.
The differences between the specimen described above and a young
male of T. torquatus, from Silesia (No. 56307), in a plumage exactly cor-
responding, are even greater than between the quite adult specimens.
of the two species. The specimen in question agrees very closely with
Naumanw’s pl. 70, fig. 2, only that it is somewhat blacker and the mar-
gins on the back less distinet. The appearance of the smoky gray
pectoral semilune is very curious; it is of exactly the same color in both
specimens, though slightly lighter in 7. alpestris, on account of the
buffy margins being broader; but while in this bird it appears as a dark
collar on the light under surface, it forms a similar, but light, patch
on the dark under side of T. torquatus. It is unnecessary to carry the
comparison any further, as anybody will understand who takes the
trouble of placing Naumann’s figure, quoted above, alongside the left-
hand figure of Dresser’s work (vol. II, pl. 15).
gS juv. (U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 9661; ‘ Europe,” July 3, 1836; Baron v. Miiller).—Upper
surface dull brownish black, with brownish buff margins to the feathers, and sharp
creamy white shaft-streaks, terminally edged with blackish on the scapulars, and
on the small and median upper wing-coverts, while on top and sides of head similar,
but darker, smaller, and less sharply defined streaks are found; chin and throat buffy
white with only a few indistinct dusky spots; rest of under surface dusky with
irregular whitish cross-bars, on breast and sides tinged with buff, each feather whitish
with a terminal dusky margin and a U-shaped dusky mark, or dusky with a sub-
apical whitish U-shaped spot and a subbasal whitish shaft-streak, the white gradu-
ally predominating backwards; the wings essentially as in the adults, except as re-
gards the coverts already referred to, and the stronger tinge of buff to the outer webs;
tail uniform brownish black slightly margined with buffy gray at the tips. Bill horn
brown; feet of the same color, but lighter.
Notwithstanding the uncertainty as to the true locality of this speci-
men and the want of a typical 7. torquatus in the corresponding
plumage for actual comparison, I have but little doubt that it is <«
T. alpestris just out of the downy stage. If Keulemann’s representa-
tion of a ‘young on leaving the nest” (Dresser, B. of Eur., vol. IT,
_ pl. 14) is only approximately correct, these birds are separable already
in the first plumage by the much greater extent of the white on the
372 NOTES ON EUROPEAN THRUSHES.
wing in T. alpestris ; I also believe that it is lighter underneath, judg-
ing from Dresser’s description. As to the locality of the specimen
in question, there is reason to believe that it was collected at the same
place as the adult female described above, and that it hails from some —
place in Upper Bavaria.
I append the following list of specimens examined by me and their —
measurements. It will be seen that there is practically no difference in
size between the two species:
Measurements of TURDUS ALPESTRIS.
a . '
5 s n =
S : g 3
+*.6 (Collector and) : S osqg
= z lit | & ‘
ZZ number. z Locality. | Date. wa |e | 28 Remarks.
3 = ma |e
ue o | Eigié
Bp 2 | | liar al
| |
mm. mm. mm.
106458 | W. Pearce .-| ¢ ad-.-| Sweet Waters, Turkey| Aug. 8,1877| 142 | 110 | 18 Yellow bill.
108891 | Schliiter....| ¢ ad..| Karpathian Mountains} May 21, 1884 | 139 | 107 | 18.5 Do.
9662 | v. Miller ...| 9 ad..| ‘‘Europe” ..-......-.- | June 7,—-/} 133] 99 | 18 Do.
56308 | Schlitter, 349) o jun.) Galicia ...... ...--. -.| .:...--%<--- 135 | 102 | 18 | Dusky bill.
108892 | Schliiter .. | Jun...| Karpathian Mountains) May 17, 1884 | 140 | 108 | 19 Yellowish bill.
9661 | v. Miller ...| ¢' juv.| ‘““EKurope” ..-..--...-. July 3,1836| 126} 88 | 15
Dusky bill.
Measurements of TURDUS TORQUATUS.
|
19 | Yellow bill.
77766 | Gatke ...--. of ad. | Heligoland ..--. .. al Apr. _ 1878 139 | 111
ORO0S eters at ee o ad. | Bergen, Norway ....-- | Nov. 20, 1881 ; 139 | 107 18 | Dusky bill.
18944 | Drouet .--.. g ad. | France - LE otee ee | Sere aves POE 142 | 108 |...... Do.
69969 | S. Burchard.) ¢@ ad. | Rostock, Germany....| Seed Ween eee 140 | 107 20 | Yellow bill.
TE5S4| Mr. Sa cee Osada Woenmari: se. . teu aes [soar ine ors 143 | 112 19 Do.
138 | 104 20 | Dusky bill.
56307 | Schliter, 346) ¢ jun | Silesia, Germany.--...|.--....--..---
For the sake of completeness I add the following synonymy of
Turdus torquatus LINN.
1758.—Turdus torquatus LINN., S.N., 10 ed.,1, p.170. Id.,S8.N.,12ed.,1, p. 296.
1831.—Werula montana BREHM, Handb. Vog. Deutschl., p. 375.
1831.—WMerula collaris BREHM, Handb. Vég. Deutschl., p. 376.
FIGURES.
NAUMANN, Naturg. Vég. Deutschl., 0, pl. 70.—DRxsser, Birds of Europe, u, pl. 14
and pl. 15, fig. dextra.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, March 31, 1886.
Notrr.—Since the above was written I have received from Mr. W.
Schiiter two more Ring-Thrushes which fully bear out the foregoing
conclusions. I wrote to him to send me two Turdus torquatus from the
Karpathian Mountains, and received two T. alpestris! They are now
U.S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 108891 and 108892, and their dimensions have
already been interpolated in the table above.
The first-mentioned specimen is an adult male, collected May 21, 1884.
The bill is yellow and the collar white. The plumage is fresher in color
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 373
and less worn than that of No. 106458, described above, with which it
otherwise agrees very well, except that the speculum is divided as in
the female, No. 9662.
The other specimen is a younger bird, corresponding exactly to No.
56308, described on a previous page, but being collected May 17, it is in
a more worn plumage and the bill is pale yellow. It is evidently a bird
in its first spring.
I have, consequently, now before me the following series of Turdus
alpestris : (1) young bird in nesting plumage; (2) young in the first
winter; (3) young in the first spring; (4) old male in spring; (5) old
male in autumn; (6) old female in breeding plumage.
Add thereto the different habitat and the difference in voice, as -
pointed out by Brehm, and there can be no room for doubt that there
are two species of Ring-Thrushes in Europe.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, May 29, 1886.
REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
’
BY LEONHARD STEJNEGER.
II.—TITS AND NUTHATCHES.
The present essay has the same aim and scope as the one treating
of the Japanese Woodpeckers and published a short time ago in these
Proceedings (see antea pp. 99-124). It embraces the family Paride, with
which I associate the Nuthatches as a subfamily only. The introduc-
tory remarks accompanying the former article apply as well to this
and the succeeding papers of the present series, which, I may repeat,
is only a kind of a prodromus of a more extensive work, in order to call
attention to doubtful points; to instigate investigation by others who
possess mnaterial not accessible to me; in short, to ask information from
fellow-ornithologists, which is hereby earnestly solicited, and for which
due credit will be given.
SYNOPSIS OF THE JAPANESE GENERA OF PARIDA.
a'. Bill short, from mouth angle to tip shorter than tarsus.
J. PARINZE:
db}. Culmen and gonys curved (PARIE#).
ce, Tail scarcely longer than body; outer pair of tail-feathers more than five-
sixths thedengohot thevlon pesto. 9-7. ee ere seen a eee eee Parus.
c. Tail nearly twice as long as the body; outer pair of tail-feathers less than
half the lengethiofthevloncest. 24. - he see eee eee Agithalos.
b%, Culmen and gonys perfectly straight (REMIZE) -..---..--..----..----- Remiza.
a*, Bill long, from mouth angle to tip longer than tarsus.
SPOT PS BN raat ahaa eal ane lle cae en ee ne Sitta.
PARUS LINN.
1758.—Parus LINN., 8. N., 10 ed.,1, p. 189.
1829.— Cyanistes KAuP, Entw. Eur. Thierw., p. 99 (type P. cyaneus).
1829.— Pecile Kaup, Entw. Eur. Thierw., p. 114 (type P. palustris) (nec Pecilus Bon.,
1813).
1850.—Pacila BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., 1, p. 230 (emend.).
1850.—Penthestes REICHENBACH, Av. Syst. Nat. Trepidat., pl. lxii (type P. lugubris).
1862.— Poikilis BLasius, List B. Eur., p.8 (emend.).
1872.—Pecilia TACZANOWSKI, Journ. f. Orn., 1872, p. 443 (emend.) (nec BLOCH-SCHN.,
1801; nec SCHRANK, 1802; nec HEIN., 1870).
1884.—Sittiparus S—ELys-LONGCHAMPs, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884 (p. 76) (type P.
varius).
1884.— Periparus SrELYS-LONGCHAMPS, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1884 (p. 76) (type P.
ater).
374
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ate
SYNOPSIS OF THE JAPANESE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARUS.
a, Forehead brownish white, crown black* (SITTIPARUS).
b'. Larger; a large triangular rufous spot on the interscapilium ......-.. P. varius.
b?, Smaller; onlyanarrow edge of rufous to the black of the nape-. P. castaneoventris.
a, Forehead black, like the crown.
b'. Outer pair of tail-feathers to the greater extent pure white, the outer edge being
Dlacksirommbhesbases (PAR US) pioneer aye ee re ee ge ee P. minor.
b%. Outer pair of tail-feathers uniform dark grag, like the rest, with or without
whitish margins.
ce, With a whitish nuchal spot; great wing-coverts with white tips, forming two
WAT CMD ATIG Sh CRMREP AUS) oe am aa yee cere eee ee area P. ater subsp.?
ce, Upper neck without a light-colored spot; wing-coverts without white tips
(PGCILE),
d@'. Crown dull brownish black; longest tail-feathers averaging 52™™ __.......
P. borealis.
@, Crown deep black with bluish gloss; longest tail-feathers averaging 60™™.
P. brevirostris.
Subgenus SITTIPARUS SEtys.
(218) Parus varius TemM. & SCHL.
Japan Tit. Yama-gara.
1849.—Parus varius TEMM. & SCHLEG., Faun. Jap. Av. (p. 71, pl. xxxv).—BLAKIST.,
This, 1863, p. 99.—Jd., Chrysanth., 1883, Febr., p. —.—Jd., Am. List B. Jap.,
p. 15 (1884).—SwInuok, Ibis, 1874, p. 155.—Buaktst. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878,
p. 235.—Jid., Tr. As, Soc, Jap., VIII, 1880, p. 218.-—Tid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 151.—
SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1879, p. 33.—Jouy, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, p. 286.
1862.—Parus rubidus BLAKISTON, Ibis, 1862, p. 321.
Iam not aware that the young of this species has been described.
The only reference to the young I can find is the remark by Messrs.
Blakiston and Pryer (Ibis, 1878, p. 235) to the effect that it is ‘‘ rather
different from the adult, but does not otherwise vary ” (?). Specimens
of young in their first plumage are, therefore, a special desideratum.
Parus castaneoventris GOULD.
Formosa Tit.
1862.—Parus castaneoventris GOULD, P. Z. S., 1862, p. 280.
1¢63.— Parus castaneiventris SWINHOE, Ibis, 1863, p. 295.—Id., P. Z.S., 1871, p. 361.
1883.— Parus castaneiventer GADOW, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., vu, p. 37.
This species has recently been collected by Mr. M. Namiye, on Oki-
nawa Shima (Liu Kiu), a discovery which will be treated of in detail in a
special paper. It is smaller, and the chestnut mark behind the white
nape spot is nearly absent.
*Parus (Cyanistes) ceruleus LINN. with white forehead, azure-blue crown, and a
white superciliary stripe, together with its conspecies and subspecies, is confined to
the western portion of the Palearctic Region. In Temminck’s Manuel d’Ornithologie,
2d ed., ui, p. 210 (1835), it is said to occur in Japan, probably on the authority of
some drawing; but this is evidently a mistake. ‘‘ Formosa,” referred to under this
species in Horsfield and Moore’s Catalogue, is a place in England.
376 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Subgenus PARUS.
(217) Parus minor TEMM. & SCHL.
Lesser Tit. Shi-jit-kara.
1835.—Parus major TEMM., Man. d’Orn., 2 ed., U1, p. 209 (part) (nec LIN.).
1849.—Parus minor TEMM. & SCHLEG., Fauna Jap. Aves (p. 70, pl. xxxiii).—CASSIN,
Pr. Phila, Acad., 1858, p. 192.—WHITELY, Ibis, 1867, p. 198.—SWINHOE, Ibis,
1874, p. 156.— BLAKIST,. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 235.—Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap.,
vit, 180, p. 217.—Tid., ibid., x, 1682, p. 150.—SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1879, p. 33.—
BLAKIST., Chrysanth., 1833, Jan., p. 30.—Id., ibid., 1883, Febr., p. —.—Id.,
Am. List B. Jap., p. 15 (1884).—Jouy, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., v1, 1883, p. 286.
This may finally turn out to be so closely connected with Parus cine-
yeus VIEILL.* by intermediate links that the specific validity cannot
be maintained, in which case the Japan bird would have to stand as
Parus cinereus minor [or eventually P. nipalensis minor]. Dr. Gadow
(Cat. B. Brit. Mus., vit, p. 17), under P. cinereus, takes pains to show
that the two forms are specifically distinct, although two pages earlier
he states in regard to P. minor, that in China ‘it gradually changes
into P. cinereus.” The intermediate specimens from China have been
called, by Swinhoe, Parus commixtus (Ibis, 1868, p. 63). These are the
eastern, somewhat faded, representatives of Parus major of Europe,
which is quite like P. minor above, but has the white of the lower sur-
face replaced by vivid yellow. It is interesting in this connection to
note, that a brighter colored representative, P. monticolus VIGORS, is
found in the mountains of Southeastern Asia, an apparent race of which,
Parus monticolus insperatus,t was discovered by Mr. Swinhoe in south-
ern Formosa. ,
Mr. Jouy discovered the young of P. minor in the first plumage at
Frji-Yama in the beginning of July. It is very interesting, inasmuch
as it is distinguished from the young of P. major in the corresponding
plumage by the same characters which separate the adults: itis smaller,
and the under side is whiter.
g jur., first plumage (U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 88642; coll. P. L. Jouy, No. 383; Fuji-
Yama, Hondo, July 2, 1882). Distribution of colors as in the adult, but the whitish
nuchal spot apparently larger, .nd the dark throat patch smaller, and connected with
the dark color on the upper neck by a narrow and scarcely continuous streak; on
the breast only an indication of the dark middle streak, and none on the abdomen;
the green of the back is very dull, and the ashy gray of the rump slightly suffused
with olive; all the dark parts on head and neck are of a dull slate color slightly suf-
fused with olive; the white portions are washed with a pale creamy yellow.
*Nouv. Dict. @Hist. Nat., xx, p. 316 (1818).—Parus atriceps HORSFIELD, Tr. Linn.
Soc., xm (p. 160) (1821).—Parus nipalensis HopGson, Ind. Rev., 1838 (p. 31). I may
mention here, however, that not all authors agree in uniting the Javan bird (true
cinereus) with the Indian and Chinese representative (nipalensis). The former is said
to have the white nuchal spot entirely surrounded by black, while in the latter it is
only bordered in frent and on the sides by that color. All the specimens of the latter
which I have examined have the white spot immediately adjoining the gray of the
back; but without typical specimens of cinereus I cannot decide.
t Parus insperatus SWINHOK, Ibis, 1866, p. 308.—Jd., P. Z. S., 1871, p. 361.
4 .
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. o
=I
=l
Subgenus PERIPARUS SELys.
(215) Parus ater subsp.?
Coal Tit. . Hi-gara.
1758.—Parus ater LINN., S. N. 10 ed., 1, p. 190.—Jd., 8. N., 12 ed., 1, p. 341 (1766).—
TEMM., Man. d’Orn., 2 ed., 11, p. 209 (1835).—TEMM. & ScCHL., Fauna Jap.
Av. (p. 70) (1849).—BuLakist., Ibis, 1862, p. 321.—Jd., Chrysanth., 1882, p.
522.—Id., ibid., Jan., 1883, p. 30.—I/d., ibid., Feb., 1883, p.—.—Jd., Amend.
List B. Jap., pp. 15, 50 (1884).—WuiITELY, Ibis, 1867, p. 198.—-SwINHOE,
Ibis, 1870, p. 154.—/d., ibid., 1874, p. 155.—BLAKIsT. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878,
p. 235.—Fid., Tr. As. Soe. Jap., vil, 1880, p. 217.—hd., ibid., x, 1882, p.
149.—SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1879, p. 31.—Jd., ibid., 1884, p. 37.—Jouy, Pr. U.S.
Nat. Mus., v1, 1883, 285.
The Coal Tit of Japan is usually given as Parus ater, some authors
asserting, however, that specimens occur in Japan which are inter-
mediate between the typical form and Parus pekinensis DAviD* from
China, the chief character of which is said to be the elongation of the
occipital feathers into a distinct crest.
I have been considerably puzzled about this species, but have con-
cluded to establish no new name in view of the insufficiency of my
material, and shall, therefore, simply state what I have found in ex-
amining the specimens in the U. 8. National Museum. As to P. pekin-
ensis proper I shall express no opinion, having seen no specimen. I
may state in regard to the alleged occurrence of that form in Japan,
that none of the specimens before me exhibit the character by which it
is said to differ from ater, viz, the elongation of the posterior black
feathers of the crown into a crest.t
Speaking of the Japanese specimens before me ina general way, it
may be said that they resemble typical P. ater on the upper surface,
while underneath they agree with the English form, P. ater britannicus,
except that the colors are purer and clearer. However, a specimen
from the Vosges, France (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 106465), agrees very
well in color with the Japan birds, both above and beneath.
The two autumnal males from Tate Yama, Hondo, are nearly iden‘i-
eal, except that No. 91347 has the ochrazeous wash on the rump a little
stronger. Compared with typical P. ater, from the continent of Europe,
the gray of the back is of asomewhait different and more decided bluish
hue. It appears to me that the black on the hind neck goes farther back,
(though this may be caused by the make of the skin) but differs cer-
tainly in one point from that of the European specimens L have seen in
entirely encircling the white nuchal spot and distinctly separating it
from the gray of the back. It also looks as if the black of the throat
*Tbis, 1870, p. 155.
tA Japanese drawing, excellent and true to nature in every other respect, and by
far superior to the excruciating figure accompanying the description of P. pekinensis
(Nouy. Arch. Mus., vu, pl. 5, fig. 1), shows a crest fully as long and pointed as that
ofthe latter. But whether it is drawn from a Chinese or a Japanese specimen I can-
not say.
378 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
goes farther down on the breast, especially on the sides of the latter,
but, as above, the make of the skin may be the reason of it.
A female, collected by Jouy at Fuji, June 50, 1882, consequently in
the height of the breeding season, is in an extremely worn plumage.
‘The brownish buff tinge on the under side is considerably faded, but the
relative extent of black and white is the same in this specimen as in
the above ones, the white nape patch being very broadly limited be-
hind by black, and the latter color extending far down on the sides
of the breast—about 10™™ farther than in the middle.
A female from Sapporo, Yesso, in the autumnal dress corresponding to
that of the two specimens first mentioned, agrees very well with them,
but the black on the breast apparently does not extend so far as in the
Hondo specimens. On the hind neck the white patch is closed behind
by black.
Whether this character is of any value can only be determined by a
larger series of birds from both Europe and Japan than at present at
my command. Imay point to the fact, however, that a similar difference
is said to obtain between Parus cinereus from Java and its representative
form on the continent.
In regard to the measurements as given in the appended table, I may
remark that they agree very well with those of P. britannicus, being
considerably inferior to those of Central European specimens before
me. But also in this respect the series must be consideréd insufficient.
Measurements.
g é | | 24 lee alee
5 Collector and a | | 2 ar | | oe 2
; og li ; | | 3 eal eee
25 eer g | Locality. Date. pet ies z 2 | as =
ws hy! fol |r lB ence here liebe
5 a | Pig |R H | B
| | mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. | mm.
88645 | Jouy, 373 .-.| 9 ad. | Fuji, Hondo...-..--. June 30,1882; 58; 43; 8 | 15 13p esses
91347 | Jouy, 683 --.| gad. | Tate Yama, Hondo..| Oct. 3,1882) 59); 44) 8 AGiD ala5-tas| sso
81348 | Jouy, 688...| gad. |...... CORT er res. Oct. 81882} 59| 46] 7.5 | 16 [eeccc [ewan
96143 | Blak., 3012.-| Q ad. | Sapporo, Yesso -.-.. | Sept. 30,1882 58 45 iT ie Ailes oee 110
Subgenus PAZCILE Kaup.
(216 part. ) Parus borealis SELYS.
Boreal Marsh-tit. Ko-gara.
1829.—? Parus cinereus monianus BALDENSTEIN, Neue Alpina, It (p. 21).
1843.—Parus borealis SELYS-LONGCHAMPS, Bull. Ac. Bruxelles, 1843 (p. 2).
1882.—Parus palustris japonicus, BLAKIST. & PRy«ER, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., x, 1882, p. 150
(part).—BLakIst., Chrysanth., 1883, Feb., p. —.— Jouy, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus.,
VI, 1883, p. 286.
1880.—Parus palustris BLAKIsT. & PRYER, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., Vil, 1880, p. 217 (part)
(nec LIN.).
1883.—? Parus japonicus SEEBOHM, Brit. B. Eggs, 1, p. 477 (nec 1879 ?) (nec STEPH., 1817).
The Marsh-tits of Europe have been for nearly half a century the
subject of much controversy, and the ornithologists there seem not to
1.36.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. Btg
have yet arrived at a conclusion satisfactory to all concerned. It is,
therefore, less to be wondered at that the eastern forms are still in a
state of considerable confusion. In tbis group extensive series of speci-
mens are indispensable, and as my material is quite scanty I can throw
only little light on the subject; but, so far as it goes, it has some bear-
ings; and, as for the rest, [ can only formulate the questions and ask
my fellow-workers to furnish me with more material.
I have four birds from Japan before me. Two of these are October
birds collected by Mr. Jouy in Hondo—consequently, south of “ Blakis.
ton’s Line”; the other two are from the island north of it, one an Octo-
ber specimen from Sapporo, Yesso, the other from “ the Kurils,” and
probably collected somewhat earlier.
The two birds composing each set are identical inter se, but the
birds of the north differ from those of the south in the following par-
ticulars :
The northern birds are slightly larger,
but the bill and feet are of the same size
as in the southern birds.
The tail is proportionately longer and
more rounded; the middle pair of rec-
trices is longer than that following.
The black of the cap does not extend
so far backwards as in the southern birds,
and is of a deep black, strongly glossed
with blue. ;
The margins of the remiges and rec-
trices are broader and lighter.
The under side is slightly washed with
pale brownish buff, the flanks and abdo-
men scarcely contrasted.
It should be noted here, that Messrs.
The southern birds are slightly smaller,
but bill and feet are equal in size to the
corresponding parts in the northern birds.
The tail is proportionately shorter and
less rounded; the middle pair of rectrices
perceptibly shorter than that following.
The black of the head extends farther
back between the shoulders, being of a
rather dull brownish black, without any
bluish gloss whatever.
The margins of the remiges and rec-
trices narrower and duller.
The under side pure white, the flanks
washed with pale brownish buff a shade
deeper than in the northern birds and
pretty well contrasted with the pure
white of the middle portion.*
Blakiston and Pryer have
already pointed to the difference of the black cap in specimens from
the Main Island and Yesso (Tr. As. Soe. Jap., x, 1882, p. 150).
they say, may be attributable to season.
ever, since the specimens compared above
This,
Such is hardly the case, how-
are of nearly exactly the
same date; and, as they are quite adult, no argument can be derived
from difference in age, the more so since it would be very strange that
only young birds should have been collected in Yesso, and old ones in
Hondo. Moreover, we know that a similar difference exists between
Parus borealis and P. palustris in Europe.
By now comparing the Japanese birds with others, I find that the
southern birds are nearly identical with typical specimens of P. borealis,
both in size, color, and mibEoportions; and with the PECs eu material, at
* Since the above was set in type I ie receiv as ane aT. Hondé specimen (U.
Nat. Mus. No. 109355), the dimensions of which have been i incorp rated in the ee
below. It agrees with the other southern specimens in every particular,
380 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
least, I should regard it very unwise to apply any other name to the
Hondo form.
Mr. Seebohm, who in 1879 named a Marsh-tit P. palustris japonicus,
has determined the very two specimens from Yesso and the Kurils, men-
tioned above, as P. palustris brevirostris (Ibis, 1884, p. 37). Without
having typical examples of the latter, I cannot deny nor verify this
determination; but, judging from the literature, I believe he is right,
though, if such be the case, his prior diagnosis of brevirostris (Brit.
Birds and Eggs, I, p. 477) is completely misleading, since the tails of
the specimens in question are very strongly rounded, and not “nearly
even,” as in the diagnostic table alluded to. I shall, however, adopt his
nomenclature, at least provisionally, and call the two Japanese forms
of the Marsh-tit, Parus borealis and Parus brevirostris.
Mr. Jouy, in July, 1882, collected two young,* though fully grown,
birds at Fuji Yama. They agree pretty well with the autumnal speci-
mens from Tate Yama, and I think there is but little danger in refer-
ring them to the same form, though their bills are perceptibly larger.
This is said with some reserve, however. The dimensions will be found
in the table below.
To which of the two Japanese forms Seebohm’s P. japonicus should
be referred is impossible to say without comparison of the typical speci-
mens. The probability that he based the name upon Blakiston’s and
Whitely’s specimens from Hakodate does not necessarily indicate that
it is a synonym of brevirostris, since we know that two forms of Marsh-
tits may occur in the same locality, at certain seasons of the year at
least. On the contrary, if the measurements which he gives as diag-
nostic of P. japonicus are taken from the typical specimens (Br. B. Eggs,
I, p. 477), his japonicus most probably belongs to the form which we have
here called borealis.t
The indications are, however, that borealis breeds south of ‘ Blaki-
ston’s Line,” brevirostris north of it, a distribution corresponding to
the relative range of the two forms in other countries.
It has been observed in Scandinavia, where two forms occur together,
that they present considerable difference in their habits and in their
*In Jouy’s paper (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., VI, 1883, p. 286) these specimens are referred
to as adults, but that is certainly a mistake, as they show every sign of immaturity.
tIt should be remarked, however, that the name Parus japonicus is preoccupied.
It was given by Stephens, in 1817 (Shaw’s Gen. Zool., X, i, p. 55), to a bird originally
described by Latham as a variety of the Marsh-tit from specimens in Sir Joseph
Bank’s collection, said to have been taken off the coast of Japan. A correct identifi-
cation is now hardly possible, inasmuch as Latham seems to have had two different
species, neither of which are described sufficiently to allow recognition, and, besides,
the description by Stephens differs radically from that of Latham. The latter had
evidently no idea of the true relation of P. ater and palustris, for he suspected the
latter of being the female, or only a variety of the former, and the referenee of the
specimens here in question, which he describes as having light nuchal spot, to the
Marsh-tit, does, therefore, not prevent their greater resemblance to P. ater, or to P.
.
1886. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9351
voice. It would, therefore, be a very interesting question for Japan-
ese field-ornithologists to solve, whether something similar takes place
in the two forms considered in the present paper.
Measurements.
a | (Pf Se eT ces ee |
S a Be an
#6. Collector and is ‘ = mal | }
Se, ee E Locality. Date. & z g | | Z
| D ry aI fos] | a | x
‘ o > & | H |
es a | EF jal|aA a
rr | | 7 lee T a TRMleT pe
| | mm. mm. | mm. mm. | mm.
| 91349 | Jouy, 690 ..--..--. oad. | Tate Yama, Hondo ..| Oct. 9,1882|) 62 53 8 | 4; 16
| O1S90) | Ouy, (OL 22 --.e=- = Ona hee ss Ope ceie ones sc eke Oct. 17,1882; 59); 52 | 7 | ao LG
| 88644 | Jouy, 545 ......... djun.| Fuji, Hondo.......-. eit y218) 1882) )"— 159) 5a) | TO vin ay eee
88643 | Jouy, 609 ..... .. Peay ans | peste Osea eee July 27,1882} 61/ 53 Oil iuenan ees
Borba MI EeeR Cn cust 0S) | sad. | Musashi, Hondo..... | Nov. 18,1883] 60/ 51) 9|.--... | 16
| ; i) | = SERS eel ed os 5
* Distance between longest and shortest tail-feathers.
(216 part.) ? Parus brevirostris (TACZAN.).
Long-tailed Marsh-tit. Ko-gara.
1856.—Parus kamtschatkensis CASSIN, Pr. Acad. Phila., 1858, p. 193 (nee Bp.).—
BLAKISsT., Ibis, 1862, p. 321 (nee BP.).—WHITELY, Ibis, 1867, p. 198.
1872.—? Pecilia brevirostris TACZANOWSKI, Journ. f. Orn., 1872, p. 444.—Parus b. SEE-
BOHM, Brit. B. Eggs, I, p. 477.
1874.—Parus borealis SWINHOE, Ibis, 1574, p. 156 (nee SELYS).—BLAKIST. & PRYER,
Ibis, 1878, p. 234.
1879.—Parus palustris subsp. japonicus SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1879, p. 32 (nee P. japonicus
STEPH., 1817).—BLAKIST. & PRYER, Tr. As, Soc. Jap., x, 1882, p. 150 (part).—
BiakIsT., Chrysanth., 1882, p. 522.—Jd., ibid., 1883, p. 30.—Jd., Am. List B.
Jap., p. 50 (1884).
1880.—Parus palustris BLAKIST. & PRYER, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., vil, 1880, p. 217 (part)
(nec LIN.).—SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1884, p. 37.
1881.— Paris japonicus WALLACE, Island Life, p. 63.
1884.— Parus palustris var. brevirostris SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1884, p. 37.
It is a very difficult task to locate properly the different quotations
pertaining to the Japanese Marsh-tits, without access to the specimens
upon which they are based. The above synonymies, therefore, do not
claim to be absolutely correct, and may in time require to be consider-
minor, for that matter. Latham (Synops. II, i, p. 542) describes his birds as “ not
having a black chin, all the under parts being white. One sex had the whole head
black, with a band of white across the hind head; in the other, only the top of the
head was black, and the nape yellowish.” The Latin description in the subsequent
“Index Ornith.” (II, p.566) is substantially to the same effect. Stephens. on the
other hand (1. c.), in his diagnosis of Parus japonicus, says: “Titmouse with a black
head and throat,” and in tbe description: ‘ differs chiefly in having a black chin and
colored nape; all the rest of the under parts of the body white.” Had Stephens’s de-
scription been based upon the specimens themselves, there might have been reasuns
for supposing the bird to be P. minor; but as it appears that he has only made a slip
in rendering Latham’s description, the name must remain unidentified. -
At any rate,Seebohm’s Parus japonicus will have to be renamed, should it later
-on be found necessary to keep the bird, separated by him, apart from the true borealis.
382 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
ably modified. In preparing them, I have had to suppose that all
reterences to Marsh-tits from Yesso belong to brevirostris, and those
from Hondo to borealis, but it is quite probable that both forms may be —
found together in both islands, though the distribution of the great —
bulk of each form may be as indicated. The uncertainty is caused by
the following circumstances :
When Seebobm, in 1879, named P. japonicus, I believe that he had
only Yesso specimens before him. If only the long-tailed form occurs
on that island, P. japonicus is only a synonym of P. brevirostris. But
in another place (Brit. B. Eggs, I, p. 477) the same author speaks of
his P. japonicus as differing from brevirostris in having a shorter tail.
Measurements.
5g é | a | a
= oo | oO | ° a
$6 | Collector and 5 Tocalit Date 3 lo g F a
ZA number. g aes MS oe vive Heenan! 2 5 @ fs
wa “4 | A rl ee z s
: o | Ss a | x = 5
P 2 | a |R | a oS
es | as
mm.) mm.|mm. mm.| mm. mm.
96144 | Blak., 3131 .. | dad. Sapporo, Yesso .. | Oct. 12, 1882 Giulia G2ei Peo) 6 16 170
96145 | Snow; B., 2799) ad. | Kurils............ | ee cte le epebreiaees G64) f59u Sal ete 16 assess
| | |
* Distance between longest and shortest tail-feathers. + Tail molting.
The present form in its proportions closely agrees with Parus kame
tschatkensis (BPp.)*, which only occurs on the Kamtschatkan Peninsula,
but the latter is easy distinguishable at the first glance by having the
whole back nearly white. It is a very distinct species, and no inter-
gradation with the other species of this group is at all likely to be found,
Mr. Seebohm to the contrary. This is not the same as the form which, in
Dresser’s *‘ Birds of Europe,” is figured and described as P. kamtschat-
kensis. Dresser’s bird is P. baicalensis SWINH.
AEGITHALOSt HERM.
= 1804.—Aegithalos HERMANN, Obs. Zool., 1, p. 214 (type Pipra europwa HERM.).
= 1816.— Mecistura Lracn, Syst. Cat. M. B. Brit. Mus., p. 17 (same type, M. vagans
LEACH=P. europ. HERM.).
= 1816.—Acredula Kocu, Bayr. Zool., 1, p. 199 (type A. caudata KocnH).
< 1822.—Aegithalus Born, Isis, 1822, p. 556 (type Ae. pendulinus).
< 1826.—Aegythalus Bote, Isis, 1826, p. 975 (emend.).
= 1828.—Paroides BREHM, Isis, 1828, p. 1284 (type P. caudatus).
= 1841.—Orites Gray, List. Gen. B., p. 32 (same type) (nec Krys. & BLas., 1840).
= 1846.— Megistura AGassiz, Nom. Zool. Ind. Univ., p. 227 (emend.).
= 1849.— Megisturus TeEMM. & SCHL., Faun. Jap. Aves, p. — (emend.).
When Boie, in 1822, combined Parus caudatus and pendulinus to the
genus Aegithalus, that name had already been applied to the former of
these two species by Hermann in 1804, This gentleman in his ‘‘ Obser-
vationes Zoologice ” described a bird, which was caught in the mount-
*Pecile k. BONAPARTE, Consp. AV., i, p. 230 (1850).— Parus k, STEJNEGER, Orn. Expl.
Kamtsch., p. 297 (1885).
t Acyvdados, a titmouse.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 383
ains of Switzerland, as “‘Pipra ? europea, Nosts,” and after having
stated the structural characters, he says: “Si novum genus mereatur,
Aegithalos vocari poterit,” 7. e.: If deserving to form a new genus, it may
be called Aegithalos. 1 have seen no attempt to identify this ‘* Pipra ?
europea,” which may be considered rather strange, since the name
evidently belongs to a European bird, but there can be no doubt, in my
mind, that bis specimen was a Long-tailed Tit of the form usually called
Acredula rosea or Mecistura vagans, which, therefore, in the future
should stand as Aegithalos ewropeus.
The following is the essential part of his diagnosis and description in
translation: ‘‘ Black, crown of head and underneath white, tail forked
(forficata), with the lateral rectrices shorter, their outer margin white.
The bill is neither that of a Fringilla, nor that of a Motacilla, nor in-
deed that of a Parus, but agrees more with that of a Pipra. Not so,
however, the feet, which are not gressorial. The tail is forked (/for-
Jicata), the outer rectrix very short, the following short, the third longer,
these three with the outer margin white, but more obscurely so in the
third. Size of a Motacilla [Phyllopseustes] trochilus. Feet somewhat
Mig bs\- ., <'.3 - Also the anterior [exterior] margin of the secondaries is
white, the broader and clearer so the farther behind and nearer the back.”
The description of the tail is an exact description of that of the Long-
tailed Tit. It sounds like a contradiction when he describes it as forked,
saying at the same time that the three outer pairs are graduated, but he
evidently only means to say, that the middle pair is shorter than the
following, and it is just the peculiarity of the tail of this species,
that it is, so to speak, forked and graduated at the same time (see the
accompanying cut). He also mentions the peculiar shape of the bill,
and the comparatively great length of the tarsus. The coloration of
the wings 1s accurately described, and so is that of the body, though he
does not mention the red of the shoulders, it being therefore probable
that the specimen he described was a young bird in which this color is
absent. To verify the identification it is only necessary to compare it
with fig. 6, taf. 95 of Naumann’s “ Naturgeschichte der Vogel Deutsch.
lands,” Vol. [V, and there cannot be the slightest doubt as to the accu-
racy and applicability of Hermann’s description.
384 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
(219) Aegithalos trivirgatus (Temm. & Schl.).
Japanese Long-tailed Tit. O-naga.
1835.—Parus caudatus TEMM., Man. d’Orn. 2 ed., 11, p. 214 (nec LIN.).
1849.—Parus trivirgatus TEMM. & ScCHL., Fauna Jap. Av., (p. 60, pl. xxxiv).—0O.
trivirgatus SWINHOE, Ibis, 1874, p. 156.—Acredula trivirgata BLAKIST. &
PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 235.\Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., vim, 1880, p. 218.—Tid.,
ibid., x, 1882, p. 151.—BuakisT., Chrysanth., 1883, Feb., p. —. — Jovy, Pr.
U.S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, p. 285.
1883.—Acredula rosea a trivirgata Gapow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., vii, pp. ix + 62.—
Buakist., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 50 (1884).
1884.—Acredula rosea SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1884, p. 37.
It is hardly correct to say that ‘‘ the only claim of 7. trivirgatus to
rank as a distinct species rests on the fact that in the majority of skins,
though not in all, the black supercilium passes across the lores to the
base of the bill,”* tor there are other differences, which, in the case of
specimens like that quoted by Mr. Seebohm (Ibis, 1884, p. 37), most
likely would show them to be true 2. trivirgatus. A glance at the
tables of measurements appended below shows that the Japanese bird
has a comparatively shorter tail and a longer bill than the West Euro-
pean Agithalos europeus (HERM.)t; the bill is also perceptibly thicker
and stouter. In regard to colors, those of the Japanese bird are purer
and clearer, and the vinous tinge ou the under parts perceptibly lighter;
the white edges of the tertiaries and inner secondaries are purer and
broader in 4. trivirgatus than in 42. ewropeus, and hardly differing
from some specimens of true 4. caudatus; the superciliary stripe is
more solid and more intensive and shining black, besides, as already
remarked by earlier writers, as a general rule extending to the bill. As
on the loral region the blackish color seems restricted to the tips of the
feathers it wears off easily, and as some British specimens have the
loral feathers similarly, though less extensively, tipped with dusky, this
character alone may not always be sufficient for distinguishing speci-
mens from the extreme west or east of the Eurasian Continent. In
view of the many other characters separating the two forms, which have
not been mentioned by the authors claiming to have examined inter-
mediate specimens, I refuse to use a trinominal designation for the
Japanese Bottle-tit.
Vhe present species is restricted to the Japanese Islands south of
“ Blakiston’s Line,” north of which 4. caudatus is found. The adults
of the two species are very easily distinguished, inasmuch as the former
has a very distinct and broad black superciliary stripe which poste-
riorly is connected with the black of the back, thus encircling the white
* Cf. Seebohm, Brit. B. Eggs., 1, p. 487.
+13804.—Pipra? europea HERMANN, Obs. Zool., p. 214.
1816.—Mecistura vagans LEACH, Syst. Cat. Mam. B. Br. Mus., p. 17 (nom. nud.).
1836.— Mecistura rosea BLYTH, ed. White’s Nat. Hist. Selborne (p. 111).
1839.— Mecistura longicaudata MACGILLIVRAY, Hist. Brit. B., 0, p. 454.
|
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 385
crown and nape, while in the northern bird the whole head is pure and
uniform white. *
The young ones, on the other hand, may be rather difficult to distin-
guish, even more so than the young ones of the corresponding European
species, since in the two Japanese forms the amount of white on the
tertiaries and secondaries is about the same. Having only a very faded
specimen of a young European 47. caudatus, I am unable to point out
with certainty any character beyond the relative size; but as seen from
the tables, the difference in that respect between the adults is appar-
ently very slim, and an attempt to determine a young bird by means of
the comparative measurements would probably prove futile. I am in-
clined to think, however, that the very distinct black spot above the
eye, as distinguished from the brownish color of the rest of the super-
ciliary stripe, shown in the three specimens of young 4. trivirgatus
before me, may be a distinctive character, to which I, therefore, call the
attention of Japanese ornithologists.
The young of 4. trivirgatus may be described as follows:
go jue. (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 88647; Fuji, July 11, 1882; coll. P. L. Jouy, No. 487.) .
Wings and tail as in the adults; back, dark sepia with 2 slight vinaceous tinge; hind
neck, ear coverts, and superciliary stripe similar, but lighter and more brownish;
above the eye a distinct deep black spot in the superciliary stripe; cheeks, chin, and
throat pure white, the rest of the under parts, top of head, and scapulars white, the
ends of the feathers faintly soiled with a dusky wash, which behind the throat is so
pronounced as to form a rather distinct but narrow band across the breast; crissum
and under tail-coverts fawn-colored, slightly suffused with vinaceous. According to
Jouy (Pr. U. 8S. Nat. Mus. vi, 1883, p. 285) the iris of the young birds is ‘“‘ black,” and
the eyelids of a ‘‘ brilliant orange color.”
Measurements of AANGITHALOS TRIVIRGATUS.
z | | | a | Z | o
ie | & | ao lee | SE
Se) Collector and sess Localit | Dat | sou aes os
oS ocality. ate. oS orn a =
number. A : ious Oo | aA 3 S
ag | s | mac Pest eles 2 | os
iS 3S | w Se
4 ao | | Fla /|a | a |S
| mm.| mm. | mm. | mm. , mm
O1s52|:Jouy, 887 ..-+---:- | | ¢ ad. Tate Yama, Hondo..| Dec. 4,1882| 58 Su r45s led) eerie
91353! Jouy, BOSE cee Diadaseee Rom eames eins Dec. 4, 1882 60 78 | 4.5! 16.5 13
91251) Jouy, 790 -----.-- | Q ad. CG eaeiycin eee Nov. 11, 1882 61 SO a Web alee see
88649) Jouy, 485 .......- | g¢ ad. | Fuji Yama, Hondo ..| July 11,1882!) 60 (+) 5 1G Sune
MAS O Merite ee ie ceca cece fo] Q ad. | Iwaki, Hondo.....-. | Keb. 4, 1886 | 60; 81] 4.5 17 1255
LUT ES 59 RSS ea A ea ree AL Oh Sh cs kien sD | Heb. 4,1886) 59) 77) 5 | 18 13
He!
Average measurements of six adults...........-.-. incapable 60 80} 45/17 | 18
88647! Jouy, 487 ..-- --- | djuv. | TUES Bie ees | July 11, 1882 55 s2| 45/16 | 12.5
88648) Jouy, 477 ..--...- WY |e (NTA AE eC oe, July 11, 1882 56 80 | 5 16) Ysssnwe
ao Doutys 464 eo hee eee Guy Varleeceee Coser eae eae ea July 10, 1882 54 79 | 5 17 13
*It may be noted as a curiosity, that Dr. Gadow, in the ‘“ Key to the Species” (Cat.
B. Brit. Mus., vill, pp. 54-55), includes 42. caudatus in the group of species which
have the ‘‘ centre of crown, from nostrils to nape, pale, either fawn-colored or white,’’
as distinguished from those with the *‘ crown uniformly colored.” +
t Molting.
Proc. N. M. 86——25 October 30, 1886.
ee
386 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
In order to facilitate comparison the following table of measurements
of the true Agithalos ewropeus in the collection of the museum has been
prepared.
Measurements of ALXGITHALOS EUROPZUS.
a i ‘ z
5 ; n 3 oi
= gp z = = z
6 Collector and 3 Locality. Date. S | Eo Staite
ae number. 5 y » | 2 /e5| 2 ize
b4 & ' = m 7
é = S e
b oD Ela /|a HA
mm.|mm. | mm.
ASTIO! [eet = tee tos dyad. |\England) -- 64-205.) -seeceascees 84} 4 7
QOZ18 4) CoE a ee amet ser eee ae Sane GO seve fcc ae ae sclace 85 | 4 18 |.
ASTUTE | osu Me era <span Of ad se ce bie GObe seseeee eeelees *75 | 4.5 18
GO219 | Tees escent eee ade taaee. OO alate te eee eos ner cetiemer 82 | 4 19
96553 | Whitely ..-.-...-. ad.) esno53 QO tabs termelesetose deieesteee B05) AS val Soe ese
8167 Alea 2sos-- Adaa ete Bd.) |Eeeas: GOR sas feiss aetanrsie sels 83 | 4 zone |ipeler
Average measurements of six adults......-.....----..-...-----. 60 85| 4 18 me
« Very worn.
(220) Aegithalos caudatus (LINN.).
Long-tailed Tit. Shima-o-naga.
1758.—Parus caudatus LINN., S. N. 10 ed. 1, 190.—/d., S. N., 12 ed. 1, p. 342 (1766).—
Aegithalus caudatus Born, Isis, 1322, p.556.— deredula ec. SWINHOE, Ibis, 1874,
p. 156.—BLakistT. & PRYER, Ibis, 1-72, p. 236.—lid., Tr. As. Soe. Jap., VII,
1880, p. 218.—Tid., ibid., x, 1884, p. L51.—BuaKkistT., Chrysanth., 1883, Jan.,
p. 30.—/d., Amend. List B. Jap., p.28 (1884).
1761.—LZanius biarmicus LINN., Fauna Svec. 2 ed. (p. 29, tab.i).
1831.—Paroides longicaudus BREHM, Handb. Vég. Deutschl., p. 470.
1855.— Mecistura pinetorum BREHM, Naumannia, 1855 (p. 285).
The white-headed Bottle-tit which in Japan only occurs in Yesso, reg-
ularly at least, is identical with the typical European 4. caudatus. If
anything, the tail is shorter than in the European form, and the amount
of white on secondaries and rectrices is not greater; consequently it is
different from the Siberian form 2. caudatus macrurus.* Tf should
mention, however, that the vinous color on the flanks is slightly paler
in the Japanese birds before me.
Measurements.
< : | Vie zs D Ss ‘4
a Ee | | | 5 | &
ae cS = cis | | — ! a
=,2 | Collector and No. zz Locality. | Date | 3 elk cares Cine
AA 5 | )e|& [a5] 2 (Salo
a A | Rate ewe ane 3 eee
bp a | {ees est hea Hj | a
alia aaa | aa
| | ‘mm. mm. | mm. mm. | mm.| mm.
96147 | Blakist., 3206. .. | ¢?ad.| Sapporo, Yesso.| Oct. 23, 1882 | 61} 81] 4.5) 17] .. |*140”
91549 Blakist., 3207 -..-..| ad. .|.-- GO .ceeha0 0 = | Oct. 23, 1882 | 62] 85| 45 Bae lee eet
! |
The material, as will be seen, is rather scanty, and I would be very
glad to receive additional specimens from Yesso, especially young ones,
* A[eredula] macrura SEEBOHM, Brit. B. Eggs., 1, p. 487 (1883).
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 387
in order to be enabled to establish the difference, if any, between the
young ones of the two Japanese species.
The following table is compiled from Captain Blakiston’s manuscript
notes, and is especially valuable for the measurements of the total
length:
Measurements by Capt. Th. Blakiston.
¢ ne
ob +
: e o0
Museum . Collector and S . ©
evan ot | || ane EI Locality. Date. tb = Remarks.
mm. | mm.
Blakiston, 1122-..|...... Hakodadi, Yesso..| Feb. 3, 1873 63 | 140 | To Swinh.
Blakistons loses lucy lssacdO senesteuasee Feb. 12, 1877 65 147
Hak.M., 295 | Blakiston;.2164.-| 9 |.---do......-...-.. Feb. 12, 1877 62 | 136 | To Pryer.
Hak. IM, 296)), plakiston, 21652.) GC |i..--d0b-.c.cccccene Feb. 12,1877 62 | 136
| Biakiston, 2314..| of Onset eee Apr. 11, 1877 65 | 140
Hak. M., 299 | Blakiston, 2380..) 9 Sapporo, Yesso..-| May 5, 1877 60 | 140
Hak. M., 300 | Blakiston, 2381...) og |... do ..-.........- Apr. 21, 1877 65 145
| Blakiston, 2382..|...... soe COrthaesa Sekt Oct. 28, 1877 65 | 142
Biakiston, 3133. .].....- sae AOnaewennsmeeeee Oct. 12, 1882 60 | 143
U.S., 96147 | Blakiston, 3206..|......|.... dots eee | Oct. 28, 1882 60 | 140
Average measurements of ten specimens .--....-.-.--------------- 63 | 141
The young birds differ from the adults in having a dusky superciliary
Stripe after the fashion of the foregoing species, to which the reader is
referred for further remarks on the characters of the young ones.
44, caudatus, from Yesso, in first plumage, is on our list of desiderata.
REMIZA* STEJNEGER.
<(1822.— Aegithalus Borg, Isis, 1822, p. 556 (type P. pendulinus) (nee HERM. 1804).
<1826.—Xanthornus PALLaAs, Zoog. Ross. As., 1, p. 428 (nec Scop. 1777).
=1828.—Pendulinus BREHM, Isis, 1828, p. 1284 (type P. polonicus = P. pendulinus
L.) (nee VIEILL., 1816).
=1835.— Paroides REIDER & HAHN, Fauna Boica, p. — (nec BREHM, 1828).
From the above synonymy it will be seen that all the generic names
usually applied to the Penduline Tit-mice are preoccupied, and as a
new one has become necessary, I have “latinized” the vernacular Polish
name by which the typical species Parus pendulinus LIN. is most exten-
Sively known. Mr. G. R. Gray, in 1842 (App. List Gen. B., p. 8), quotes
“ PAROIDES Koch (1816),” but this is a mistake, and Gray, in his Hand-
list, dropped it from the synonymy altogether.
(221) Remiza consobrinat (SwINuH.).
Eastern Penduline Tit.
1863.—? Aigithalus pendulinus Rapp», Reis. Siiden Ost-Sibir., 11 (p. 195) (nee LiN.).—
SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1879, p. 33.
* Remiz said to be the Polish vernacular name; also used in French and other lan-
guages.
tConsobrina, Lat. = a cousin.
388 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
1870.—Aigithalus consobrinus SWINHOE, P. Z. 8., 1870, p. 133.—SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1879,
p. 33.—-Id., ibid., 1884, p. 37.—BLaKIsT. & PrykErR, Tr, As. Soc. Jap., VII,
1880, p. 21¢.—Id., ibid., x, 1882, p. 152.—Buakist., Amend. List B. Jap.,
pp. 26 and 51. ;
The only birds of this species yet taken in Japan, so far as I am
aware, are the three specimens which were collected by Mr. F. Ringer
at Nagasaki, in February, 1877, two of which are now before me, viz,
the same two, to which Seebohm’s remarks, in Ibis, 1884, p. 37, refer.*
In regard to the third one, we have the assurance that it is a male,
“identical” with the male of our collection (ef. Blakiston, Ibis, 1879,
p. 33), and “ that it agrees exactly with the type [of 4. consobrinus] in
the Swinhoe collection from China” (Seebohm, I. ¢.). This specimen is
now, probably, in Mr. Seebohm’s collection.
The history of the present species is yet involved in considerable
doubt. It was originally described by Swinhoe, in 1870, from Chinese
examples. Seebohm, in 1879, doubted not only its specific validity,
but even its subspecific distinctness, and was inclined to pronounce the
skin from Japan and Swinhoe’s type of 4. consobrinus to be females,
or not fully adult males, of 4. pendulinus, ‘‘as they are scarcely to be
distinguished from a skin of a female in my collection from Asia Minor,
and another from Piedmont, in Dresser’s collection;” Dr. Gadow, in
1883 (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., VIII, p. 67), makes it an unconditional synonym
of R. pendulina, but, in 1884, Mr. Seebohm recedes from his former
position, after having seen the specimens now before me, and states that
they ‘‘appear to prove that this species * * * is a good one.”
The Penduline Tit has a winter plumage considerably different from
the summer dress, but, like the other members of the family, the molt
is simple, taking place during the autumn. The different appearance of
the breeding plumage, therefore, is caused by the buff-colored margins of
the autumnal dress dropping off, thereby exposing the more basal por-
tion of the feather; consequently, if this portion is colored differently
from the margins, the plumage will change color accordingly.
When, therefore, in the European species, the buffy margins drop off
in spring, the whole upper side of the head becomes nearly pure white,
the whole upper back changes to a rich rusty chestnut brown, and the
breast becomes marked with chestnut. In the eastern birds the changes
will be less, because the feathers of the back, except a narrow chestnut
collar, and those of the breast, are uniformly colored, the former darker, |
the latter lighter, ochraceous, and as the centers of the feathers covering
the crown and hind neck are ashy gray, these parts in spring will as-
sume the last-mentioned color.
If Swinhoe’s Chinese type and Blakiston’s two males are correctly
sexed, the eastern birds are still more different from the European species,
for the black ear-patch is much smaller, the black frontal band much nar-
rower, the chestnut spot on the forehead quite absent; the superciliaof R.
*These are also the same birds to which Messrs. Blakiston and Pryer refer (Tr. As.
Soc. Jap., x, 1882, p. 152) as being in the Hakodadi Museum.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 389
consobrina are pure white in marked contrast with the gray of the crown,
and without a trace of black, and a distinct white mustachial stripe sep-
arates the black of the cheeks and ears from the ochraceous of the
chin and throat. The females from China and Japan may be correctly
sexed, but are probably birds of the year, since their general style of
coloration is that of the young R. pendulina, and it would hardly be
justifiable to presume that the adult female of the eastern species
should differ from the male in having no black ear-patch, while the two
sexes of the European species in that respect are nearly alike.
In regard to size R. consobrina seems to be somewhat smaller than
its European cousin, for three specimens of the latter in very abraded
plumage average, wing 56™, and tail-feathers 47™™, with which com-
pare the following:
Measurements of REMIZA CONSOBRINA.
g | Si | a | o
= | Sp | 5 oF | 2 E
: : w :
+ ¢ | Collector and orig- ' | ete al iriaed E om
Bi | inal number. z TS ate ep | & | 2 8 | Z loa
a | | x | Sl (eh legate
em! | 2 | Bel) ee fey evens
ss ES ee ee EEE SS eEE———EEE eee
| mm. |mm.|mm.| mm. | mm.
9614 inger; B., 2543 ..| df a Nagasaki, Kiushiu ..| Feb. 12, 53 ail (Qo) 14 ese
8 | Ring B., 2543 d.| N ki, Kiushi Feb. 12, 1877 42 9 14
|G few do, Seren ee | Feb. 25,1877; 52/ 40| 8| 14] 138
96149 | Ringer; B., 2544 .-
I am strongly convinced that Mr. Seebohm is perfectly justified in
pronouncing R&R. consobrina a good species.
This interesting bird ought to attract the attention of the Japanese
ornithologists especially, and no efforts should be spared in order to
find out whether it breeds in the southern parts of the empire or not.
I am not aware that the high summer plumage of the present species
has been yet obtained and described, and specimens taken during that
season would be a great prize. The bird must be looked for in marshy
districts near water, where the Penduline Tit builds its elegantly woven
retort-shaped nest, suspending it from some reed or thin willow twig.
Its habits during the breeding season are exceedingly retired, and the
bird may breed in the immediate neighborhood without anybody know-
ing it. In mild climates it is a resident throughout the year.
SITTA LINN.
1758.—Sitia LInN., 8. N., 10 ed., 1, p. 115 (type S. europea).
Mr. Seebohm has already pronounced the Nuthatches from Hondo
Sitta amurensis, and those from Yesso different and ‘almost uralensis.”
I agree to the former being amurensis and to the latter being different,
but I must dissent from calling them wralensis or even “ almost wralen-
sis.” Mr. L. Taczanowski, in a paper in the Bulletin de la Société Zoo-
logique de France (1882, p. 385), has pointed out very nicely the char-
acters which separate the Eastern Asiatic Nuthatches from 8S. ewropea
and 8. wralensis, viz, the general smaller size of the eastern birds, and
390 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
particularly their smaller and slenderer bill, and the greater straight-
ness of the culmen. The eastern species he divides into three different
forms:
(1) Sitta baicalensis TaczAN., similar in coloration to S. europea, having the flanks
strongly marked with deep chestnut brown; from the surroundings of Irkutsk,
Lake Baikal, and Dauria.
(2) Sitta amurensis SwWINH., distinguished from the foregoing form by the ochraceous
color occupying the whole surface of the abdomen in strong contrast with the
pure and silky white of the breast and fore neck; it occurs from Amur through-
out Ussuri and Northern China.
(3) Sitta albifrons TACZAN., characterized by a white forehead, a broad white super
ciliary stripe, a white band across the wing; by the Hanks being pure white
with hardly any trace of chestnut; and by the greater extent of the white spot
on the tail; this form inhabits the peninsula of Kamtschatka.
As already intimated, the Hondo Nuthatch agrees with typical S.
amurensis. The Yesso bird, on the other hand, does not agree with S.
baicalensis, nor with S. albifrons. It Jacks the chestnut flanks of the
former, but has instead a faint ochraceous tinge on the abdomen and
flanks, and there are only faint imdications of the positive characters
distinctive of its Kamtschatkan relative. I have, therefore, concluded
to giveit a separate name, in order to better keep these nearly allied forms
apart. Finally, I have before me a specimen from the “ Kuril Islands,”
which in all essential features is a pretty typical S. albifrons TACZAN.
Further remarks are to be found later on under the heading of each
separate form. Those occurring in Japan may be distinguished by the
following
SYNOPSIS.
@ Flanks tinged with buff.
b' Flanks rufescent buff with a strongly marked chestnut patch; buff extending to
the lowerbreastipecccstorcss cstecmee pees eet eee ee S. amurensis.
b? Flanks pale creamy buff, without a distinct chestnut patch; buff not extending
lievyond: thevabdomeniee 22s 2. 5222 eae A ee aes eee eee ee S. a. clara.
aii Plamksuwhite nase. oyse si eee. is An Let ee S. a. albifrons.
From the measurements to be given further on, it will be seen that
the three Japanese forms do not differ materially inter se. Another
character which they seem to possess in common is that all the superfi-
cial frontal feathers which are directed forward and conceal the nostrils
are white, even in the southern examples.
(222 part.) Sitta amurensis SwIna.
Hondo Nuthatch. Ki-mawari.
1850.—? ? Sitla roseilia BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, p. 227.
1871.—Sitta amurensis SWINHOE, P. Z. S., 1871, p. 350.—SEEBOHM, Brit. B. Eggs,I, p.
525 (1883).—Buakist., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 5i (1884).
1878.—Sitta europea BLAKISTON & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 236 (part) (nec LINN.).—Jid.
Tr. As. Soc. Jap., vu, 1880, p. 219 (part).—BLaKkist., Chrysanth., Feb.,
1883, p. —.—Jouy, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., v1, 1883, p. 287.
1882.—Sitea europwa subsp. uralensis BLAKISTON & PRYER, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., X,
12882, p. 152 (part).—BuakisT., Am. List B. Jap., p. 51 (part) (1884).
This form may, or may not, be Bonaparte’s Sitta roseilia. He only
gives tbe following description: *‘ 8S. roseilia, Bp. ex Japonia. Subtus
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 391
alba, lateribus crissoque pulchre castaneo-roseis !” As he indicates no
specimen the probability is, that he has only named the Sit‘a mentioned
in Temminck and Schlegel’s Fauna Japonica, which was inserted upon
the authority of a native drawing. The name may safely be passed
over as absolutely indeterminable; in fact, so far as the description is
concerned, it fits better Taczanowski’s’S. baicalensis.
As already remarked, there seems to be no reason to doubt this bird
being identical with true S. amurensis. I may mention, however, that
a specimen from Amur (U. 8S. Nat. Mus. No. 98531), the only one at my
command, has the nasal feathers entirely black, and no trace of a whitish
edge to the tips of the greater wing-coverts, while in the Japanese
birds, the superficial nasal plumes are pure white, and a narrow white
streak runs across the wing. As the Amur specimen, however, Is in
a somewhat abraded plumage these differences may be insignificant,
but I should like to get information as to these features in typical
birds in fresh plumage. The specimen mentioned agrees very well with
the Japanese birds in regard to dimensions.
Measurements.
Buel % 7 Ae) BST
a & oe (2
€,S Collector and orig- aM : © od eS
wa inal number. 5 | Locality. Date. és | 3 zZ 2 | 2 \se
ws aa BN tea Eis || aglam eas
b a | eet heey et Met Mines
ia | |
| | mm. |mm.)mm.| mm. | mm.
96151; Pryer; B., 2679....) ad. Nikko, Hondo. .-.--. Aug., 1879 80 41 | 16 19 he 2D
ne POW, G83) .ssec05-6 oad. | Chiusenji Lake, | Aug. 29, 1882 83 S415 Ae20 een) oe
Hondo. |
91356)) Jouy, 663' -.---...- ig ad. | SanceA Ghee cunesaae Sept. 4, 1882 79 41 | 15 19 | 21
91357| Jouy, 671 ..-...-.. GC ads |e. GOs OES erA er ey Sept. 6, 1882 82 43 | 16 19 21
91353) WOU Os eeee ces | ad. | Tata Yama, Hondo.-| Oct 31, 1882 ad 39 14.5) 1825: |) 27!
NU9R58 eases sens sete eee o ad. Suruga, Hondo....-- Noy. 21, 1884 79 42 | 16 VS) ilesoeret
GOSH Ose eee Oe Womads ieee GO-f sae wes Nov. 23, 1884 77 40 14 20 22
Average measurements of seven specimens ..-...--..-----.---- 80 2| 19 21.5
Wee |
* No. 91358, judging from the colors of the under tail-coverts, and the measurements, is probably
wrongly sexed.
In order to substantiate what has been said above concerning the
difference of the eastern forms from true Sitta europea the following
table of dimensions is appended for comparison :
Measurements of typical S. EUROPA.
zg Iles aos S.
s | & | 5 | 8 =e
*s Collector and | — sali % | 3s SS
27; OIbOr: | 3 | Locality. Date. 6 s a g|Sa
; Naan ep |S ea a) @ | oe
Ee | 8 Es linet (eee li ae
pb (eee = a |e H |A
2 | mm. mm. | mm. mm.) mm,
107473 | Stejn.,183.....-.| fad. ergen, Norway .- Apr. 10,1876; 87 Atal 17, 20 | 23
107474 = Stejn., 431.. Brena alee mp eiete ts tale eis iciers eae Nov. 14, 1880 88 | 44; 18 20 22.5
107472 | Stejn., 286 | o ail. aaa Dec. 2,1878; 84 45 19, 20 emer
107475 Stans g0.e se soo | oad. l\Ghetatiania: Norway..| Oct. 18,1872) © 88 AOA 187|4e oss lenis
56745 | Schliiter, 564....| piad. | Sweden ..............|..--0---c--e0- 89 470) 18 \resnee losses
Average measurements of five specimens -..--..----..--.------- 86 46 18 20} 23
392 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
(222 part.) Sitta amurensis clara subsp. nov.
Yesso Nuthatch. Ki-mawari.
1858.—Sitéa sibirica Cassin, Pr. Philada. Acad., 1858, p. 195 (nec BREHM, 1855).
1862.—Sitta roseilia BLAKISTON, Ibis, 1862, p. 322 (nec BONapP., 1850 ?).—Id., ibid., 1863,
p. 99. |
1863.—Sitta uralensis BLAKISTON, Ibis, 1863, p. 89 (nee LicuT., 1834).
1867.—Sitta europea WHITELY, Ibis, 1867, p. 196 (nec LINN.).—SWINHOE, Ibis, 1874, p.
152.—BLAKIST.& PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 236(part).—Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., Vm,
1880, p. 218 (part). SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1879, p. 34.—BLAKIsT., Chrysanth., Jan.,
1883, p. 30.
1882.—Sitta europea subsp. uralensis BLAKISTON & PRYER, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., x, 1882, p.
152 (part).—Buakist., Chrysanth., Oct., 1882, p. 522.—Jd., Am. List. B. Jap.,
p. 51 (part) (1884).
D1aGn.—Similar to Sitta amurensis, but with the whole breast white, and the abdo-
men and flanks only faintly suffused with a creamy buff.
Haxs.—Yesso, Japan.
Typr.—U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 91547.
The specimens before me are apparently all females, and male birds
from Yesso are, therefore, very desirable. In addition to the character
indicated in the diagnosis these females are noteworthy for the nearly
complete absence of chestnut on the flanks and the paleness of the
brown edges of the:under tail-coverts. Probably, the males will show
more of the chestnut color, but judging from analogy I think it safe to
say that the amount will be perceptibly less than in the Hondo birds.
This, of course, is only a slight northern modification of S. amurensis,
the white color of which has increased to a perceptible extent. In con-
sequence the trace of white at the frontal line, the white superciliary
line, the white line across the wing formed by the ends of the great
coverts, and the white band across the external tail-feathers, are more
distinct or broader, features still more pronounced in the next form.
Measurements.
. | |
3 - moe || 2 eal °
an S | } 2 |e &:|¢
ss | Collect ight | | 3 d plielel
= ollector anc = : | oS =| 2S
Se, Deters crane Pal : | Locality. Date a s | ae panies =
a | “| Bia |e"| 2 |=2| 3
2 | oS | E S Lal ws B °
5 Qn | | Bae H |Aa A
—— 5) tt ed |
|
/mm.|mm.|mm.| mm. | mm. | mm,
96153 | Blakist., 2929. ee ve | Sapporo, Yesso . Nore 12,1882; 77!) 41116 19 210 | eee .
91547 | Blakist., 3167.| ad. |-...--. G03 25-2522 5-% Oct. 17,1882] 78 40 | 15 19 21 136”
96154 | Blakist., 1548 .| 9 ad. Nemoro, Yesso....| Oct. 6, 1874 76 40 | 15.5 18 21 |‘*180
Average measurements of 3 specimems --...--...----------- 77 | 40 | 15.5 19 eee
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 393
The following table is compiled from Captain Blakiston’s notes and
gives the total length of 17 specimens as measured by him.
Measurements by Captain Blakiston.
Locality. Date.
| Total length.
|
TCOOH Gy seoen- Oeste ences ieee ie seen ond ae toc ee on Sete aee tae ee ane ee ae
SSA e sofia e ss OM tis ae ecee cisions Be se aiacn cao te ce ne SR go ee tani bic ae Ste eee Sanne
ASO er aleeseee Oe re ee Sanit oe oe See a ek ee ne ee ee eee tee eee
1382 | & | Shiribets R., Yesso
NOASE OM I PNGMGOTO PMOSSO se ae oe ae Soe otek soos cok decd ate een ane see eu ncee eee
ODOM Ec ESA DOLO MW CSSOL seas sens ne ccs ccs ats oo Meese ecten eee eae ee eee
7 oO
Sitta amurensis albifrons (TACZAN.).
Kamtschatkan Nuthatch.
1840.—Sitta sericea TEMMINCK, Man. d’Orn. 2 ed., Iv, p. 645 (part).
1858.—Sitta wralensis KirTLitz, Denkwiird. Reise, 1, p. 321.
1882.—Sitta albifrons TACZANOWSKI, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1882, p. 385.
The specimen from the Kuril Islands, collected by Mr. Snow, which
_I have referred to the form recently described by Mr. Taezanowski
as Sitta albifrons, the type of which came from Kamtschatka, agrees so
precisely with the description given by the latter gentleman, that I have
no doubt as to the correctness of the identification. Compared with the
North European Nuthatch it presents differences which would make it
an excellent species; but alongside the two other Japanese forms it
proves itself only the northern link of the continuous chain which we
call 8S. amurensis. It differs as much, and in the same manner from the
subspecies of the latter called S. clara, as does the latter from the sup-
posed typical bird which inhabits Hondo.
“ Kuril Islands” is a rather vague locality, and it is to be hoped
that we may soon get more precise information in regard to the exact
habitat. More specimens are highly desirable.
Measurements.
a ayer en “©
= 3 ae = o.
s fo | | 5 | & FE
#6 Collector and ae 3 eel ese os
SA originalnumber. | = Locality. Date. = é 2 — S| og
} % | D | = D c+
wi ¥ elma saree |) eq alee
bp RD Flsaima# |ala
= |
\ |mm.|mm. | mm. | mm. | mm.
96150 | Snow; B., 2798... | ad. | Sikurilvislands) sue lcs ccs seu alee | 79 43 | 14.5 18 21
|
TY’ —--Orrrrr nnn
/
394 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
APPENDIX TO THE MARSH-TITS (see antea, pp. 378-382).
Since the above was written and transmitted for publication I have
had an opportunity of examining some additional and very valuable
material, which Mr. Henry Seebohm has had the kindness to send me for
inspection, a courtesy for which I hereby render my sincere thanks.
Besides two specimens of Parus songarus SEVERZ., which present the
appearance of a very marked species, and a specimen of a Marsh-tit from
Pekin, collected by Mr. R. Swinhoe, which is very much like the Eu-
ropean forms P. palustris and dresseri, though lighter and clearer than
both, and differing from them in about the same degree as does P. baica-
lensis from P. borealis, the coliection sent by Mr. Seebohm contains two
typical P. borealis, two P. baicalensis from Krasnoyarsk, two P. brevi-
rostris from Amur, and two specimens from Yesso, which appear to be
the types upon which, in 1879, Mr. Seebohm based his P. japonicus.
One of these is W pikotand No. 97a, the other Blakiston’s No. 1121.
These two specimens confirm the opinion expressed by me, that the
name P. japonicus belongs to the Yesso bird. They agree in every re-
spect with the two northern specimens in the National Museum (Nos.
96144 and 96145) not only in coloration, but also in the size of bill
and tail. The two P. brevirostris of Mr. Seebohm’s collection (¢ and
2, collected in April; without numbers) differ only in having a much
Shorter bill; in other respects they are identical with the Yesso birds;
but from our experience with the European forms we are not inclined to
lay much stress upon this apparent difference, and unless large series
of specimens from the two countries should prove the size of the bills
to be a feature generally separating them, the Japanese form will have °
to stand as Parus brevirostris.
The Japanese birds agree with P. baicalensis in regard to the size of
the bill, but the latter is considerably grayer on the back, and the black
cap is nore brownish.
I take the opportunity to present a new table of measurements of
Parus brevirostris including Seebohm’s specimens from Yesso and Amur.
Measurements.
ZZ | : Eat |
= | ¢ eee re
a | = Page
2 | = | .
a2 Collectorand | « : 3 log :
5 g number. | = Locality. | Date. so & z z
aA | x Flip ak 4 ae es
a | a |e | a] a
° | | | mm. | mm. | mm. | mm
U.S.Nat., 96144.) Blakist., 3131. | gf ad. Peieerel Yesso ...... | Oct. 12,1882) 67 62 | 7.5 16
Do., 96145 ..| Snow; B., 2799) ad. | ESOS eS d,s ee AS ee ee | 66 59* 8 16
Seebohm....-... Whitely, 97a - 7 do ad. | Hakodadi, Yesso..--. IN ov. 22,1865] 66] (ft) 8.5 16
Doan 28-5: Blakist., 1121... -| ad. Pies: GO! h 5s aie eeke Jan. 23, 1873 63 57t 8 16
Doses. Dybow....-..-| grads |) Amunses ess o.-5--555e | Apr. —,—— |__ 67 64 7 16 |
Doss: dO bamcet prada ee see Moe canst ee Ay Gon e628 Gan] 16
| | |
* Tail molting. + Tail defective.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 395
REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
By LEONHARD STEJNEGER.
III.—RAILS, GALLINULES, AND COOTS.
Only seven species belonging to the family Rallidw have hitherto
been recorded as found in Japan. It is pretty safe, however, to pre-
dict that members of this group will be found among the additions
which are sure to be made to the Japanese avifauna. In the following
synopsis, therefore, | have included some forms which may be expected
to turn up in the southern parts of the empire, but to avoid oD
they are given in brackets.
The habits of the Rallide are skulking and solitary, and the localities
they frequent mostly very difficult of access. Hence their presence is
often unknown to the inhabitants of the nearest neighborhood, and they
belong to the rarest birds in museums, few collections having really
good series which are not less necessary in this than in other groups.
The material at my command is, therefore; very scanty, and this
fact, in connection with our general imperfect knowledge of these birds,
induces ne to publish the following remarks in spite of their fragment-
ary character, hoping that they may be of some use in clearing up many
obscure points. By the aid of the synoptical tables it is thought that
ornithologists and sportsmen in the field will be enabled to determine
the known species, thus being in position to discover at once whether
the specimen they may have secured be new to the fauna or not.
It need hardly be added that additional observations and specimens
will be very welcome, and due credit given.
SYNOPSIS OF THE JAPANESE GENERA OF THE FAMILY RALLIDZ.
a'. Base of culmen normal. (RALLEZ.)
bt. Exposed culmen much shorter than inner toe without claw; hind toe with
claw longer than the distance from the tip of the chin feathering to the
OKO La LOND Ill mpep ee scene eyee sees See IS 2 Lo) stare any eerie Porzana.
b?, Exposed culmen much longer than the inner toe with claw; hind toe with
claw much shorter than the distance from the tip of the chin feathering to
A eRbip Olmpi en Due seeps. ote Seco yc so e/a /n2 aie tion eis nate area stoner Rallus.
a, Culmen at base widened to at least three times the width at nostrils, or into a
broad plate which often covers the whole forehead like a bony shield.
rE, poe without broad scalloped lobes (GALLINULEZ).
ae trace of cutaneous margins along the toes.
. Hind toe with claw considerably ionger than bill from loral apex; frontal
shield very large, pointed behind, not carinated ........----. Gallicrex
[d?. Hind toe with claw eeeeaeiaply shorter than bill from loral apex; frontal
shield very small, truncated behind, and carinated ..-..-- Amaurornis. |
ec. Toes with a narrow cutaneous margin along the sides .......-.----- Gallinula.
v2. Toes with broad scalloped lobes (FULICE) ..----.-.....-.-------------Fulica.
396 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
PORZANA VIEILL.
1816.—Porzana VIEILLOT, Analyse, p. 61 (type R. porzana L.).
1816.—Zapornia LEAcH, Syst. Cat. M. B. Br. Mus., p. 34 (type Z. minuta LEACH).
1817.—Zaporina FORSTER, Synopt. Cat. Br. B., p.59 (emend.).
1829.— Phalaridion Kaup, Entw. Eur.Thierw., p. 173 (types Gallinula pusilla et pygmea).
1845.—Rallites PUCHERAN, Rev. Zool., 1845, p. 277 (type R. pusillus).
1846.— Phalaridium AGassiz, Ind. Univers., p. 283 (emend.).
1856.—Coturnicops BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., XLiM, p. 599 (type F. noveboracensis GM.).
1856.—Creciscus CABANIS, Journ. f. Orn., 1856, p. 428 (type R. jamaicensis GM.).
1856.—Corethrura CASSIN, Perry’s Jap. Exp., 11, p. 229 (nec REICHENB., 1849).
1872.—Limnobenus SUNDEVALL, Meth. Nat. Av., p. 130 (type Gallinula rubiginosa
TEMM.).
SYNOPSIS OF THE JAPANESE SPECIES OF THE GENUS PORZANA.
a! Wings without a large white patch, the rectrices being uniform blackish brown,
or with only a few small white spots on the secondaries; axillaries and lining
of wing barred or mottled with dark gray and white.
b} Tibial feathers gray, mottled, or barred with whitish ; upper wing coverts with-
out transversal white markings (or the white markings longitudinal, if
present).
c! Back and upper wing coverts brown, with black and white longitudinal
markings; outer web of first primary edged with white (Zapornia)
P. intermedia.
ec? Back and upper wing coverts uniform olive brown, without any kind of mark-
ings; outer web of first primary dusky (Limnobenus) P. erythrothorax.
[b2 Tibial feathers pure white; upper wing coverts with transverse white bands,
OD waves Of mwhite secdeie 2a ee Boe se ee ee re eee Ly otal
a? Wings with a large white patch, the enna half. of the inner secondaries being
white; axlllaries uniform white; lining of wing for the greater part whitish
(COUMNICODS)) Sora e a eee nc oe 8 me amare ane le ee ose ele ates entrees P. undulata.
Subgenus ZAPORNIA LEACH.
(148) Porzana intermedia (HERM.).
Baillon’s Crake. Hime-kuina.
1776.—? Rallus pusillus [or minutus ?] PALLAS, Reise Russ. R., m1, App. (p. 700).
1804.—Rallus wmtermedius HERMANN, Obsery. Zool., I, p. 198.
18 ..—Crex pygm@a NAUMANN, ubi?—Porzana p. Bee & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p.
225,—Tid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., Vit, 1880, p. 202.—Jid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 123.
1819.—Rallus bailloni VIEILLOT, N. Dict. @ Hist. Nat., XXVIII, p. 548, —SEEBOHM, Ibis,
1884, p. 35.—Gallinula b. TEMMINCK, Man. d’Orn., 2 ed., Iv, p. 440 (1840).—
Porzana b. BLAKIST., Chrysanth., April, 1883, p.—.—Jd., Amend. List B.
Jap., p. 42 (1884).
1820.—Gallinula stellaris TEMMINCK, Man. d’Orn., 2 ed., 11, p. 693.
1826.—? Rallus minutus PALLAS, Zoogr. Ross. Asiat., 11, p. 155 (nee GMEL., 1788).
1836.—Crex foljambei Ey Ton, Cat. Br. B., p. 46 (nec MONT., 1813).
As to the proper systematic name of Baillon’s Crake I am in consid-
erable doubt, because I have no aecess to Pallas’s original description
of R. pusillus or minutus, and cannot even find out with certainty which
of the two names is used by Pallas on p. 700, vol. iii of his Reise, since
both are quoted by different authors. Usually we find quoted R. pusil-
lus Pallas, 1776. He himself, however, quotes minutus. At any rate
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 397
the latter must have been published before 1826 (or 1811), for Her-
mann, Obs. Zool., 1, p. 199, as early as 1804, asks, in speaking of his
Rallus paludosus (which is P. parva 2): “An Rallus minutus, Pallasii ?”
However, Professor Bogdanow has proved to my satisfaction (Consp. Av.
Imp. Ross., 1, pp. 54-56) that pusillus is not the bird which formerly
was so called (now P. parva Scop.). But, on the other hand, I cannot
recognize Baillon’s Crake in Pallas’s description in his Zoographia.
Taczanowski’s conjecture (Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 260) that
Pallas had before him Porzana undulata is much less tenable. Alto-
gether I am inclined to reject Pallas’s name for the present, and to
adopt, at least provisionally, the first name of undoubted pertinency.
Were we to follow the plurimorum-auctorum-principle we should be in
a very bad dilemma whether to choose P. bailloni of Vieillot or P. pyg-
mea of Naumann, for we would be able to cite very long lists of au-
thors in defense of both. But even when applying the rule of priority
we meet with some difficulty in regard to these names. Vieillot’s was
given in 1819; Naumann’s is usually quoted as dating from 1838, but
he asserts (Naturg. Deutschl., Ix, p. 567) that he was the first author
to recognize it as a distinct species, and that he described and published
it under the above name “ more than twenty years ago,” consequently
before 1818. It is also probable that he is right, for, in 1824, Brehm
(Lehrb. Eur. Vog., 1, p. 641) quotes “Gallinula pygmea Naum.,” and
Temminck, in 1820, says that Naumann was the first to distinguish the
species, but he does not give any reference. Ihave, however, been unable
to find Naumann’s original publication.
Fortunately there is an older name, the pertinency of which cannot
be doubted in the least, for in 1804 Hermann described the bird in un-
mistakable terms as Rallus intermedius. In order to substantiate this
assertion I give the following abstracts from his description (Ubserv.
Zool., 1, 1804, p. 198):
Supra fuscus, infra cinereus, dorso, crisso, hypochondriisque nigris cum apice tectri-
cum fuscarum albo maculatis.
Intermedium dixi ob colorem ralli aquatici, rostram autem ralli porzanae.
Captus fine Aprilis 1782. Argentorati; tum iterum 1789. vere.
Multo minor porzana, licet rostrum aeque longum et crassum eademque forma:.
Color juguli, pectoris abdominisque cinereus ut in rallo aquatico, sed clarior et magis’
coerulescens. Hypochondria uti in isto albo striata, quod in ecrissi usque apicem
continuatur. Dorsi cum aquatico color idem, nisi quod in medio nigrum sil, sparsasque
maculas habeat, que quoque sunt in tectricibus, nigro irregulariter circumdatas.
It will be seen that we have here an excellent description of the male
of Baillon’s Crake. If Pallas’s description does not apply to the present
bird no reason can be given for rejecting Hermann’s name under the
existing rules of zoological nomenclature.
398 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Measurements.
a | | Pee llesate dl lei
= : D D5?
a | ens —
36 Collector and | F S) [wid os
S il Locality. Date. g | oo 5 ec
aa number. aot Se ieee zZ sq
wn | [ees Ee = ‘a | a a = E
=) | | 2 | = Sl PER IS a
| a
| : | (mm.|mm.| mm. mm. | mm
95978 | Blakist., 2717...-.. | jun. | Yokohama ........-. | einse genNla 83] 44] 17| 30 40
ROU ||ceseoe 2 se Ee tetopainicnn | 2 ad. | Philippines? ------.. Janw--2- 222s sees | 90 46; 16 27 34
95220 | Saunders, 1243..-..| od ad. | Valencia, Spain ...-.. | Nov. 4,1872 | 88 43 17 30 38
Subgenus LIMNOBZENUS SuNDEV.
(147) Porzana erythrothorax (TEMM. & SCHL.).
Red-breasted Crake. Hi-kuina.
1849.—Gallinula erythrothoraz TEMM. & SCHLEG., Fauna Jap. Av., (p. 121) pl. xxviii),
(nec RADDE, 1863, que P. mandarina).—Corethrura e. CASSIN, Perry’s Jap.
Exped., U, p. 229 (1856).—Porzana e. SWINHOE, Ibis, 1861, p. 57.—Id., ibid.,
1874, p. 163.—BLaAKIST., Ibis, 1862, p. 331.—/d., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 13
(1884).—BLakisT. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 225.—Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., VII,
1860, p. 202.—Jid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 123.
There seems to be the same confusion in regard to Porzana fusca and
its allies as in the case of Rallus striatus (cf. Stejneger, Pr. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 1886, pp. 862-364) ; but, unfortunately, my material is very scanty,
so that my conclusions are only to be regarded as provisional.
Porzana fusca (Rallus fuscus LINN., S. N., 12 ed., 1766, 1, p. 262) was
orginally based upon a specimen from the Philippines, and Brisson’s
excellent description (Orn., v, 1760, p. 173) agrees .perfectly with a
specimen before me (U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 77007) from the same locality.
It is a small bird of very saturated coloration, without white chin and
throat, as testified by Brisson’s description, by my specimen, and by the
figure, in Pl. Enlum., pl. 773, which, on the whole, is a tolerably good
representation of the bird. The vinous color of the breast pervades
the whole under parts, except the flanks, which are like the back, so
that the dusky of the abdomen and tibiz and the black of the under
tail-coverts are strongly tinged with vinous.
Of P. rubiginosa, which Temminck described from Java (Gallinula
rubiginosa, Pl. Color., livr. 60, 1825, pl. 357), I have no specimens at
hand. Judging from Schlegel’s measurements (Mus. P. B. Raili, 1869,
p. 20), however, it is of the same size as the true P. fusca, but seems
to have a well-marked white chin and throat, and the color of the lower
abdomen and under tail-coverts seems to differ in being decidedly oli-
vaceous. The Indian bird (P. fusca Jerdon, B. of Ind., 10, 1864, p. 724)
with the wing 3? inches (95™™) long, the ‘lower abdomen, vent, and
under tail-coverts dark olivaceous with white bars,” and which is “al-
bescent on the chin and throat,” probably belongs here.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 399
Schiegel (tom. cit., p. 21) characterizes P. erythrothorax, from Japan,
as “absolutely similar to Rallina fusca, but of a much larger size,” and
Lord Tweeddale (Tr. Z. S., Ix, 1875, p. 230; Orn. Works, p. 393) says
that it ‘‘only differs in being considerably larger.” Swinhoe (P. Z.S.,
1871, p. 414) states that the ‘“‘pectoral red does not extend so low down
as in P. fusca,” a character which Lord Tweeddale says is “a sign of
immaturity in the South-Asiatic form.” Swinhoe’s reniarks evidently
refer to Chinese and Formosa examples, and agree perfectly with two
specimens before me, one, a male, from Shanghai (U.S. Nat. Mus. No.
85754), the other, a female, from near Hong-Kong (No. 86135), both ob-
tained by Mr. Jouy; but these birds certainly show no sign of imma-
turity. The two Japanese specimens before me are certainly also quite
adult, and agree exactly with those from China. I consequently con-
sider the fact of the entire abdomen up to the breast being gray,
slightly washed with brownish, as a good character of the present form.
The colors are less saturated than in the Philippine specimens; chin
and throat are distinctly and definitely white, and the under tail-coverts
are pure blackish gray barred with white. As will be seen from the
subjoined measurements, the Chinese and Japanese birds are consid-
erably larger. The Japanese specimens agree precisely with those from
China in regard to coloration, and although the wings in the two speci-
mens in question are a trifle shorter, there can be no general difference
in regard to size, for the average length of the wing of seven Hakodadi
males, as measured by Captain Blakiston and noted in his MSS., is 115™™,
or exactly the same as in the two Chinese specimens. The average total
length of the same number of Japanese birds I find to be 236™™, It
will be seen that the species is not subject to so great variation in re-
gard to size as is usually reported. It should in this connection be
borne in mind that the larger specimens said to have been collected at
the Amur by Professor Radde, and which are referred to by Mr.
Schlegel and Lord Tweeddale, do not really belong to the present spe-
cies, but to the widely different P. paykulli, as shown by Professor Bog-
danow.
Measurements.
1. PORZANA ERYTHROTHORAX.
Z ‘ a | o
a Se | OS | | Se
6 Collector and eS Lh : | 2 |oa on
sie 3s | Locality. Date. SA ia en -?
aa number. 8 | ’ | eb & | SE a | Sa
| is | fee el a | =e
| 2B | vee ra hee H | &
— | iaennan| |_ =a
| | | mm. | mm. | mm. | mm. | mm.
85754*; Ferguson ........ | df ad. | Shanghai, China ....; May 10,1881} 115 | 54 22 39} 46
86135 | Jouy, 198 --...- -| Q ad. | Hong-Kong, China.-.| Oct. 30,1881} 115 | 54 22 36 | 41
OA a eamtengs a aie Sasol o ad. | Tokio, Japan.-.....-. May, 1884 ...} 111 51 22 35 | 42
0
| Ree e AU asi ¢ |? Ove ese dons a ee | May, 1884.. | 113 | b1| 22| 36| 44
} | | |
* Total length, 9 inches (229™™), Eyes red.
2. PORZANA FUSCA.
a
ror | Bee Nh torn | ad. | Philippines ......... | op epee trae | 94 a | 19 | | 36
400 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
[Porzana paykulli (Ljungh).]
1813.—Rallus paykulli Launeu, Sv. Vet. Akad. Handl., 1813 (p. 258).—Kallina p.
HumgE, Stray Feathers, vim, 1879, p. 406.
1863.—Crex erythrothorax RaDpE, Reise Siid. Ost- Sib., 1 (p. 309) (nec TEMM. &
Scuu.).—Rallina e? TACZAN., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 260.
1870.—Porzana mandarina SWINHOE, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., v, p. 173.
This species has been found in China by Swinhoe and David; in
Malacca by Hume, and the British Museum is said to possess specimens
both from Batavia—whence came the type of paykulli—and Malacca.
In the north it has been collected in Ussuri and Dauria by the Russian
travelers. It is therefore probable that some day it will be found in
Japan also.
As to the name, I refer to Hume’s paper in “ Stray Feathers,” quoted
above. It is very important, however, that Malacca specimens should
be compared with northern ones.
Professor Bogdanow (Consp. Av. Imp. Ross., I, p. 52) states that this
species is nearly related to the European Crex crex (Crex pratensis
BECHST.) and refers it to that genus. Having no access to specimens,
I have left it in the genus in which it is most generally placed.*
For the same reason I here reproduce the original description by
Mr. R. Swinhoe (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., v, pp. 1738-174):
g ad.—Canton River, China; collected by Mr. S. Bligh, in spring.—Crown, hind
neck, and upper parts deep brownish olive, ruddy on the forehead. Throat pure
white. Eyebrow, the whole face, neck, and breast to the middle of the belly fer-
ruginous chestnut, mixed on the last with white. Belly, axillaries, and under tail-
coverts light black banded with white; tibial feathers pure white. Quills and tail
olive-brown, the outer feathers of the former with its outer web white; feathers of
the wing-coverts marked with narrow waves of white with brown lower edgings.
Bill olive-green, yellow at tip of lower mandible. Irides light brownish crimson.
Legs ochreous yellow tinged with green ; claws browner.
Length about 9 inches [229™™]; wing 5.1 [130™™]; tail 2.4 [61™™] of eight soft
slightly graduated feathers; bill to gape 1.2 [30™™], to forehead .9 [23™™], depth
at base .35 [9™"=]; bare part of tibia .5[13™™]; tarse 1.6 [41™™]; middle toe 1.6
[41™™], its claw .3 [8™™].
Later on Mr. Swinhoe himself obtained several fresh specimens at
Chefoo during May and June, of which he gives the following descrip-
tion (Ibis, 1875, p. 136) : |
Adult male.—Bill bluish gray, blackish on culmen and about tip, pea-green about
base ; inside of mouth flesh-color; iris crimson, eyelid red; legs and toes salmon-
color, brownish on under surface of tarse, on the toes and on their soles, ‘Tibia bare
for .8 inch [20™™]; tarsi 1.6 [41™™]; middle toe and claw 1.75 [44™™]; bill in front
1[25.4™™], to gape 1.12 [28™™], depth at base .48[12™™]. Total length 9.25 [235™™] ;
wing 5 [127™™], .5 [13™™] longer than tertiaries, .8 [20™™] from tip of tail; first quill
1 in. [25.4™™] shorter than the second and third, which are equal and longest; tail
2 [51™™], rounded, often softish feathers, outer rectrix .4 [10™™] the shortest ; under
tail-coverts .1 [2.5"™] short of tail-tip, upper tail-coverts .8 [20™™] short of same.
*~T would remark, however, that it appears from the measurements given by
Swinhoe, that the proportions of the two birds are somewhat different. Crex has the
middle toe with claw shorter than tarsus, while in the present species the tarsus is
shorter than the middle toe with claw.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 401
A second male is smaller, has shorter toes, and many more white bands and mark-
ings on its lesser wing-coverts. Testes large and swollen. Females and junior
males are smaller in their proportions, have white throats and white wavy marks on
the upper wing-coverts. In old males the throat is as red as the breast, and the
wing-coverts have few white marks. The living birds in the cage uttered suppressed
notes sounding like ‘‘ block, block.” On the 4th October I procured a bird of the
year, which possibly was bred in our neighborhood.
— Immature.—Bill light purplish flesh-color, deep brown on culmen, and greenish on
| base of both mandibles; inside of mouth pale flesh-color; iris kidney-brown ; legs
purplish brown, upper parts olive-brown ; upper wing-coverts tipped with black and
white bars; throat white; sides of neck, breast, and sides of belly cream-buff, the
rest whitish, obscurely barred on breast, but deeply and distinctly on belly, flanks,
and axillaries, with blackish; tail colored like the back.
Subgenus COTURNICOPS Bonap.
(149) Porzana undulata Tacz.
Button Crake.
1868.—Crex erythrothorac DyBowsk1t & PARVEX, Journ. f. Orn., 1868, p. 338 (nee
TemMM. & SCHLEG., 1849, nec RaDDE, 1863).—Porzana e. TACZANOWSKI,
Journ. f. Orn., 1873, p. 107.
1870.—Ortygometra n. sp. PRZEWALSKI, Putesch. Ussur. (n. 143).
1874.—Porzana undulata TACZANOWSKI, Journ. f. Orn., 1874, p. 333 (descript. ibid.,
1873, p. 107).
1875.—Porzana exquisita SWINHOE, Ibis, 1875, p. 135, pl. iii.—Jd., ibid., 1876, p. 335.—
BuakIsT. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 225.—Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., 111, 1880, p.
202.—Tid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 123.—BLakist., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 15, (1884).
The name P. undulata was published by Taczanowski a year before
| Swinhoe’s P. exquisita. It was not accompanied by a description, it is
true, but the appellation referred to the description previously given.
There was evidently no reason for reprinting the description in connec-
tion with the new name, as he expressly quoted the diagnosis already
given.
_ This exquisite little Crake is especially interesting on account of the
very close resemblance it bears to a North American species, viz, P.
noveboracensis, belonging as it does to the same sub-genus, and exhibit-
ing the same peculiarities of coloration.
The present species is confined to Southeastern Siberia (Dauria and
— Ussuri), Northeastern China, and Japan.
Measurements.
g a = o
- é pie) |e
#86 Collector and ; = lod on
Be anon q Locality. Date. % 3 Z g é = s
Z 4 ela|e | 2) Se
b DB Flalra aia tiniest
mm.|mm.|mm.|mm.| mm.
95979 | Blakist., 1846 -..... do ad.| Yubuts, Yesso...... Aug. 4, 1875 76 29 12 24 29
Proc. N. M. 86———26 October 30, 1886.
402 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
RALLUS LInn.
1758.—Rallus LINN., 8S. N., 10 ed., 1, p. 153 (type FR. aquaticus L.).
1852.— Hypotenidia REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., p. XXII (type Rallus pectoralis GOULD).
1871.—Aramus GRAY, Handb. B., 111, p. 58 (part).
The tropical eastern spotted and banded Rails have been separated
as an independent genus, Hypotenidia, but I can find no structural
characters upon which to establish it. The species included in it form
a well marked color group which seems to be quite natural. No Hy-
potenidia has been found in Japan, but inasmuch as representative
forms of the Philippine R. striatus are known from China and Formosa,
it may not be unreasonable to expect it to turn up somewhere in the
southern part of the Japanese Empire. I have therefore given the
general characters of the R. striatus group without venturing to express
any opinion as to what special form may be likely to be found. In re-
gard to the forms already known, I refer to a special paper on Rallus
striatus and its allies, already published on a previous page of these
Proceedings.
Any species of the R. striatus group may be easily distinguished from
the typical Water Rail as follows:
a@ Back without white spots; remiges uniform dusky without white markings
GREET UR) Rc Ee a eb cnet. Ghee ee ee Oe eee Rt. indicus.
a? Back speckled densely with white spots; remiges aoe narrow white cross-bars
(HYPOTZANIDIA).----..- Be Sei itele egsee ae ere eee eee ere [R. striatus.* ]
(146) Rallus indicus BLYTH.
Eastern Water Rail. Kuina.
1849. —Rallus aquaticus TeEMM. & SCHLEG., Fauna Jap. Av., (p. 122).—SWINHOE, P. Z.
S., 1863, p. 322.—ScHLEG., Mus. P. B., Ralli, p. 10 (1865).—WHiITELY, Ibis,
1867, p. 206.—FINSCH, veo enals Zool. -bot. Ges. Wien, 1872, p. 267.—
MARTENS, Preuss. Exp. Ost-As., Zool. Theil, 1, p. 371 (1876).
1849.—Rallus indicus BLyTH, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., XVIII (p. 820). (nec RELCHENB.,
1851).—Id., Ibis, 1867, p. 172.—Jd., ibid., 1870, p. 176.—SWwINHOE, Ibis, 1874, p.
163.—BLAKIsT. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 225.—Jid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., v1, 1880,
p. 202.—Tid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 122.—ScuLLY, Ibis, 1881, p. 591.—BuLakIst.,
Chrysanth., 1882, p.523.—Td., ibid., Jan., 1883, p. 28.—Id., ibid., Feb., 1883,
p.—.—Id., Amend. List B. Jap., p.13 (1884).—Jouy, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
VI, 1883, p. 317.
1856.— Rallus aquaticus b japonicus BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., 1856, XLII, p. 598 (nom.
nud. ).
1856.—Lallus aquaticus ¢ indicus BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., 1856, XLII, p. 598.
1878.—? Rallus japonicus DRESSER, B. of Eur., Vu, p. 261.
Mr. Dresser (1. ¢.), in recognizing R. japonicus as a distinct species,
states that he found in the Japanese specimens that ‘‘the barring on
the abdomen extends quite to the end of the under tail-coverts, there
* See ‘‘ Deseription of Rallus jouyi, with Remarks on R. striatus and R. gularis.” By
Leonhard Stejneger.<Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., rx, 1886, p. 362.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 403
being no buffy red and no white patch, as in Rallus aquaticus,” and
adds that he had examined several examples. I hardly know how to
explain the statement, for, certainly, the four specimens before me from
Japan, and the one from Shanghai, China, agree exactly with three
birds from Europe (England and Germany) so far as the color of the
abdomen is concerned, it being in all of them of a reddish buff, through
which the grayish ground-color is more or less visible, but without even
an indication of barring, and the anal buffy patch is even more pro-
nounced and more intensive in color than in the European specimens.
Mr. Dresser, farther on, says that the Indian form is described as hav-
ing “the lower abdomen reddish brown as in the European bird, which
is not the case with Rallus japonicus,” and because of the absence of the
barring on the lower abdomen he regards the Indian and Huropean
birds conspecific and different from the Japanese. Is it possible that
there is another form of Rallus in Japan, having the abdomen barred?
This does not seem quite probable, although Mr. Dresser’s description
certainly indicates such a possibility. At any rate, it will be well to be
on the lookout for this mysterious bird.
While thus the Japanese Water Rails before me agree with their
European representatives in the color of the abdomen, there are other
ebaracters which clearly separate the two forms. I find the following
differences :
(1) In the eastern form the under tail-coverts (not the crissum which
is barred with black in both forms) are all heavily spotted with black, so
as to externally show more black than white, while in &. aquaticus
proper the under tail-coverts are entirely white, sometimes with a few
cencealed black spots.
(2) In the eastern birds the dusky color of the lores is deeper, nearly
black, extends farther down and behind, forming a distinct subocular
streak, and joining a well-defined brown auricular patch slightly mot-
tled with dusky and clearly set off from the surrounding gray of the
sides of the head.
(3) This form also has the breast strongly suffused with brown, of
which but slight traces are seen in the European bird, and on the flanks
and axillaries the white bands appear narrower, and the black spaces
between them, consequently, broader.
There is no appreciable difference in size as evidenced by the sub-
joined table of measurements.
The specimen from China (No. 85753) agrees so minutely with those
from Japan that there can be no doubt as to their identity, and the
descriptions of the Indian birds by Blyth and Jerdon indicate a form
which has all the features by which the Japanese is distinguishable
from the European form. In further corroboration of the correctness
of identifying the Japanese birds as R. indicus I may remark that Blyth
himself referred specimens in the Leyden Museum, from Japan, to the
404 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
species described by him (see Ibis, 1870, p. 176). Mr. Scully also com-
pared Japanese, Chinese, and Indian examples, and found them to be
R. indicus (Ibis, 1881, p. 591).
Measurements of RALLUS INDICUS.
a | 5 ' =
5 ; ao | o.
a er | 8 | 5 SE
to Collector and es | : 3 |od og
Sy Raber: a | Loeality. | Date. ‘ & % g a = cS
se Al | alale| z =e
a j = xs ia 3 w
b nm | | Ela |r H |A
aes | ——_ a eae
| | mm. |mm.|mm.| mm. | mm
91505 | Jouy, 954.....- Soeehioe ads | Lokio, Japan. nn-2 Jan. 21,1883] 125 53 39 40 45
91481 | Jouy, 928.-.--....--. 9 ad.| Yokohama, Japan ...| Jan. 5, 1883} 120 55 39 40 45
91402 | Jouy, 880.--....-... o ad.| Matsumoto, Japan ..) Dec. 21,1882) 123 54 42 38 48
405 |ita- snes eee eee adi | Shia pan escecee sees lanes waar ates TE nS 37 39 45
857530) Souy, Wo -aa-5- 2.0 od | Shanghai, China..--. | Apr. —, 1876] 13 55 sae 48 ulo-e see
| |
Measurements of RALLUS AQUATICUS.
a oF ora =
5 ; eee Sy:
a 5 co} ) 2 Ee
$16 Collector and ss Tepiait Date = ma _ | od
AA number. =| y: a & 2 q a5 loa
: x Bat aaNet
5 a Fi/aja |e |g
mm. | mm.|mm. | mm. | mm.
96528 | Blakist., T 205-.-.--| o Leadenhall Market, | Oct. —,——| 123 61 40 42 50
England.
57041 | Schliiter, 1061. .--. Js Germany.----------- eee eee eet 121 55 42) | ence ee eoemcn
69978 | Burchard .....---. Q Rostock, Germany ..|.--..--.------ 118 52 AT | esce Balososeo
GALLICREX BLyTuH.
1849.—Gallicrex BLYTH, Cat. B. As. Soc. (p. 283) (type G. cristatus LATH.).
1852.—Hypnodes REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., p. xxiii (type Gallinula lugubris Horsr.).
1854.—Gallinulopha BONAPARTE, Ann. Se. Nat., 4 ser., 1, No. 2, p, 150.
This genus bears a considerable resemblance to Gallinula, but has
much larger and stouter feet, with no trace of a lateral membrane to
the toes; the frontal plate is pointed behind and not truncate or
rounded as in the Moorhen.
(1494) Gallicrex cinerea (GM.).
Water-cock.
1788.—Fulica cinerea GMELIN, S.N., 1, ii, p. 702.—Gallicrex c. HumsE, Nest Eggs Ind.
B., 1, p. 596 (1873).
1790.—Gallinula cristata LATHAM, Ind. Orn., 11, p. 773.—Gallicrer c. BLAKIST. &
Pryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap., x, 1882, p. 123.—BLaAKIsT., Amend. List B. Jap.,
p. 42.—SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1884, p. 178.
1817.—Gallinula plumbea ViEILLOT, N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., x11, p. 404.
1822.—Gallinula lugubris HORSFIELD, Tr. Linn. Soc., x (p. 195).
1822.—Gallinula gularis HORSFIELD, Tr. Linn. Soc., x11I (p. 195).
1831.—Gallinula porphyrioides Lesson, Tr. d’Orn., p. 534,
1831.—Gallinula nevia Lusson, '[r. d’Orn., p. 534 (nec GM., 1788).
1840.—Rallus rufescens JERDON, Madras J. L. and Se., x1t (p. 205).
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 405
In default of genuine Japanese specimens of the present species I add
the following measurements of two Chinese examples :
Z : ey lie Bae
Ss e a =| 3
+35 | Collector and | 5 3 \'au 23 a
so z Locality. Date. 4 s 52 cn es 2
A 4 number. 3 Sah ull cea a ees set 5 eee 3
DM ‘KA | , = = =) at —_
= o ' Tessa aed E} 2 3
5 a |}F | a |A Hosa a
mm.|mm.| mm. | mm. | mm.
96430 | Blak., T 203..| ad. | YangtseR., China| May —, ——| 187 15 32 68 80 | 381 ™=
85750 | Jouy, 75 .....-| jun. | Shanghai, China ..! Oct. 11,1880] 210 76 36 73 84 | 406™™*
*“Total length 16 inches. Eyes yellow.”
[AMAURORNIS REIcHB. }
1852.—Amaurornis REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., p. xxi (type Gallinula olivacea MEYEN).
1852.—Erythra REICHENBACH, Syst. Nat., p. xxi (type G. phenicura LATH.) (nec Ery-
thrus WALK., 1829).
(For name and synonymy, compare Salvadori, Atti Acad. Se. Torino,
XIV, 1879, p. 914.)
[Amaurornis phoenicurus (PENN.).]
White-breasted Water-hen.
¥ 1769.—Gallinula phenicurus PENNANT, Ind. Zool. (p. 10, pl. ix) (fide A. Newton, Stray
Feath., vill, 1879, p. 415).—SwInHOE, Ibis, 1863, p. 427.—Id., ibid., 1870,
p. 364.
1781.—Rallus phenicurus FORSTER, Zool. Ind. (p. 19, pl. ix).
1783.— Fulica chinensis BODDAERT, Tabl. Pl. Enl., p. 54.
?7—_.— Gallinula erythrina BECHSTEIN, (ubi?).
1822.—Gallinula javanica HORSFIELD, Tr. Linn. Soc., x1 (p. 196).
1822.—? Rallus sumatranus RAFFLES, Tr. Linn. Soc., x11 (p. 328).
1875.—Gallinula erythrura MARTENS, Preuss, Exp. Ost. Asien, Zool., 1, p. 371.
The White-breasted Water-hen has a wide range, occurring as it does
in India and Ceylon, in the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo,
and Celebes; it is also found in the Philippine Islands, South China,
Hainan, and Formosa. Its occurrence in some of the southern islands
belonging to the Japanese Empire is, therefore, by no means unlikely.
In order to facilitate the determination of this easily recognizable bird
we add the following description from a Chinese specimen :
Q ad. (U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 91801. Hong-Kong, Feb. 26,1882. P. L. Jouy, No. 241).—
Upper surface of body, except forehead and sides of breast, dark bluish slate, more
or less washed with olive, especially on the interscapulars, becoming more brownish
backward, rump and upper tail-coverts being olive brown; forehead, sides of head,
including supercilia, throat and breast anteriorly and upper part of abdomen white;
the lower part of the latter and tibiz white washed with cinnamon, sides of belly,
crissum, and under tail-coverts light buffy cinnamon ; from the ear-coverts downward
a broad, somewhat ill-defined black band separates the dark color of the upper parts
from the white of the under surface, disappearing on the sides of the breast; axillaries
and under wing-coverts slaty black, the latter tipped with white.
406 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
Wardlaw Ramsay gives the following description of the naked parts
of the fresh bird as quoted by Lord Walden (Ibis, 1874, p. 147):
8S. Andaman: March 10, April 4, 9, iris reddish brown, legs greenish yellow, bill
pale green, red at base of upper mandible; May 7, 9.
KR. Swinhoe remarks in regard to its occurrence in Formosa (Ibis, 1863,
p. 427): “ These birds were not uncommon about Taiwanfoo in summer,
and at Tamsuy I procured several examples in March; but I cannot be
sure as to their spending the winter in Formosa. In South China they
are, I believe, birds of passage. Their eggs vary in shade of cream
ground-color, and are spotted and blotched, in some cases only freckled,
with cinnamon-red and light purplish grey. Length 1.65 in. [42™™];
breadth 1.15 [29""].”
Measurements.
a | = 2
= : | @ 3s
= | & | |} s/s. oe
+5) Collector and = ; | 3 | gf sok sages
57, San ear q Locality. Date. <i = | 32 z se
Ss | St) ges 2 | Us
“ B rae)! seer ey Se BL ee
Bou n Fleaje {ala
mm. mm. mm.| mm. | mm.
91801 | Jouy, 241 ........ Gad. | Hong-Kong ....-..... Feb. 26,1882} 165 61 32 59 63
|
GALLINULA Briss.
1760.—Gallinula BRIssON, Ornith., V1, p.2(type Fulica chloropus L.).
1801.—Hydrogallina LACEPEDE, Mem..de l’Inst., 111 (p. 518).
1830.—Stagnicola BREHM, Isis, 1830 (p. 992).
(150) Gallinula chloropus (LIN.).
Moorhen. Ban.
1758.— Fulica chloropus LInn., 8. N., 10 ed. 1, p. 152.—Id., 8. N., 12 ed., 1, p. 258 (1766).—
TEMMINCK, Man. d@’Orn., 2 ed., 111, p. liii (1435) ; Iv, p. 411 (1840).—CassIn,
Perry’s Exp. Jap., U, p. 245 (1856).—ScHLEGEL, Mus. P.. B. Ralli, p. 45
(1865).—MaRTENS, Preuss. Exped. Ost. Asien, Zool. 1, p. 107 (1866); p. 372
(1876).—SWINHOE, Ibis, 1876, p. 335.—BLAKIST. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 225.—
Tid., Tr. As. Soc. Jap., Vil, 1880, p. 202.—Tid, ibid.,x, 1882, p. 124.—BLAKISsT.,
Chrysanth., 1832, p. 523.—/d., Amend. List B. Jap., p. 42 (1834).—SEEBOHM,
Ibis, 1884, p. 178.
766.—Fulica fusca LINN., S.N., 12 ed., I, p. 257.
1831.—Stagnicola septentrionalis BREHM, Handb. Vég. Deutschl., p. 704.
1831.—Stagnicola minor BREHM, Handb. Vég. Deutschil., p. 706.
Having no Japanese specimens of the Moorhen, I shall express no
Opinion as to the correctness of referring it to the typical European
species. There seem to be some differences, judging from the follow-
ing quotations:
Temminck (Man. d’Orn., 2 ed., Iv, p. 442) says: ‘The Japanese
Moorhen does not differ from that of Europe except by the isabella-
color of the lateral under tail-coverts; in our European variety they are
white.”
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. A407
To this may be remarked, that while itis true that in European speci-
mens white lateral tail-coverts are the rule, it is by no means without
exceptions. I have before me a specimen (U.S. Nat. Mus. No. 96530,
obtained in the Leadenhall Market, in October) in which nearly all the
feathers in question are strongly tinged with creamy buff. It should,
on the other hand, also be noted, that Mr. Blakiston compared the
Japanese specimens he collected with this very skin, which does not
represent the general style of coloration of the European form so far
as this character is concerned.
Schlegel (Mus. P. B. Ralli, p. 47) makes the following remarks, based
on a material consisting of two adults, two in not fully developed plum-
age, and one skeleton: “Specimens from Japan. Absolutely similar
to those from Europe; they are conspicuous, however, for a somewhat
longer bill. Wing, 6 inches 3 lines [pied de roi;=169™™] to 6 inches 8
lines [180™™]; tail, 2 inches 7 lines[70"™™| to 2 inches 11 lines [79"™]; bill,
14 to 16 lines [32 to 36™™]; width of frontal plate, 3 to 4 lines [6.8 to
9™™]; tarsus, 20 to 22 lines [45 to 50™™]; naked part of tibia 9 lines
[20™™] ; middle toe, 24 to 26 lines [54 to 59™™].”
The length of bill in European examples he gives as “ 12 to 13 lines”
[27 to 29™™].
In confirmation of the above differences in regard to dimensions, I
may add, that in Mr. Blakiston’s MSS. I find a remark to the effect that
he found ‘‘some differences in size.” A few measurements are con-
tained in his MSS., which I reproduce as follows :
Total
| Sex. | Locality. Date. length. Wing.
| | |
| mm. | mm.
EBlakaists. NOs 2009 seco ees sco aise tian CaO) | Hakodadietescs-tascs- ss Sept. 8, 1&77 | 308 155
Blakiat., No: 1948 .....s..2.-.<---+: Vel avd. |<exebe Oi sees ss: Seuss | May 15,1876; 302 156
BINKISts NON 1428 feces os aeons ms Olle incites CG) ae An Sue Sepa secoase | Sept. 18, 1873 302 159
The British specimen alluded to above measures as follows:
aD Be |
5 | . a S | |
S| |e Sy ale oolls
eo | pollect rand | | Locality. Date. : 8 Ey \laees 5
Aa Os a wm |e | fea! 3 Z
ee Areca Pest A ieee lpr ooh eco ct
aa a 3 i" ieecsinth tie sect
bB | | & | Ela | ala
| |
| | | mm.| mm. mm. mm. mm.
96530 | Blakist., T 202....| gad. | Leadenhall Market..| Oct. —,—— | 168 64 26 52 68
| t
During the U. S. Exploring Expedition to Japan a number of living
Moorhens were presented to Commodore Perry while he was staying at
the Liu-Kiu Island, August, 1854. Mr. Cassin (/. ¢.), in commenting on
these, quotes as a synomym Blyth’s Gallinula parvifrons, and remarks
that they are ‘‘not distinguishable from the common European Gallinule,
except that the frontal plate is apparently smaller than is usually seen.”
A close comparison between southern and northern Japanese specimens
is therefore very desirable.
408 REVIEW OF JAPANESE BIRDS.
FULICA Linn.
1758.—Fulica Linn., S.N., 10 ed., 1, p. 152 (type F. atra L.).
1852.—Phalaria REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., p. xxi (type F. gigas Eyp. & SOUL.).
1852.—Lysca REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., p. xxi (type F. ardesiacea TSCHUDI).
1852.—Lupha REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., p. xxi (type F. cristata L.).
(151) Fulica atra LINN.
Coot. O-ban.
1758.—Fulica atra LINN., 8, N., 10 ed., 1, p. 152.—Id., S. N., 12 ed., 1, p. 257 (1766).—
TEMMINCK, Man. d’Orn, 2 ed., 11, p. lili (1835) ; Iv, p. 444 (1840).—ScHLEGEL,
Mus. P. B. Ralli, p. 60 (1865).—BiakistT. & PRYER, Ibis, 1878, p. 225.—Jid.,
Tr. As. Soc. Jap., vu, 1880, p. 202.—Tid., ibid., x, 1882, p. 124.—BLAaKIsT.,
Amen#4. List B. Jap., p. 42 (1884).—SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1884, p. 178.
1766.—Fulica aterrima LINN., S.N., 12 ed., 1, p. 258.
1769.—Fulica fuliginosa Scopout, Ann. I Hist. Nat., p. 104.
1786.—Fulica leucoryx SPARRMANN, Mus. Carlson. (pl. xii).
1786.—Fulica ethiops SPARRMANN, Mus. Carlson. (pl. xiii).
1826.-—Fulica atrata PALLAS, Zoogr. Ross. As., 11, p. 158.
1826.—Fulica pullata PALLAS, Zoogr. Ross. As., 11, p. 159.
1831.—Fulica platyuros BREHM, Handb. Vog. Deutschl., p. 711.
1849.—Fulica atra japonica TEMM. & SCHL., Fauna Jap. Av. (p. 120, pl. Ixxvii).—
BLAKIST., Ibis, 1862, p. 331.
Also in this case I have to deplore the lack of Japanese specimens,
the more so, since it Seems that nobody has had a sufficiently large series
for comparison. Schlegel had only two Japanese specimens and Seebohm
the same number, while Dresser had none. The question whether the
Japanese Coot is to be regarded as a local race is, therefore, still an
open one.
I translate Schlegel’s remarks on his Japanese specimen (Mus. P. B.
Ralli, p. 61) as follows:
‘Still very like those from Europe. Wing, 7 inches [190™™] to 7
inches 6 lines [203™™]; tail, 23 to 24 lines [52 to 54™™]; bill, 135 to 144
lines [30 to 33™"]; width of frontal plate, 3 to 5 lines [6.8 to 11™™]; tarsus,
23 to 24 lines [52 to 54™™]; naked part of tibia, 7 lines [16™™]; middle
toe, 2 inches 8 lines to 2 inches 9 lines [72 to 74™™].”
The bills of 9 European specimens range, according to the same
author, between 144 and 163 lines [33 and 37™™], consequently the
opposite of what takes place in Gallinula chloropus.
J add the following measurements from a Chinese specimen:
Measurements.
wg [ete | Ss ee
Ss 5 mn a
3 ge i sal Pee Sg
ic Collector and rs ; lesan eects . | 2s
za No. 5 eee Dae. | | 2 | 82) 4 [sg
t $1 i eesicn het | nev ca
a 8 ne | ‘3 | re a | Oe
5 a Fla |é aH |e
mm.| mm. | mm. m.| mm.
85755 | Compton ......... Q ad.| Wen Chow, China...| Jan. 6,1881| 220| 61 | 27 | 62 92
/1836.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 409
A NEW STUDY OF THE GENUS DIPODOMYS.
By FREDERICK W. TRUE.
(Read before the Biological Society of Washington, November 28, 1885.)
The genus Dipodomys was introduced into the literature by Dr. J. E.
Gray in 1841. He described the typical species under the name of
D. phillipii (afterward changed to D. phillipsii) from Mexican speci-
mens (Ann. & Mag. N. H., vii, 1841, p. 521).
In 1846 Wagner described the same genus under the name of Macro-
colus halticus, and gave an account of the skeleton. His specimens were
also from Mexico (Arch. fiir Naturgesch., 1846, i, 176).
In 1848 Dr. William Gambel described a new species, under the name
of D. agilis, from specimens from the Pueblo de los Angeles, California.
(Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, p. 77).
In 1853 another species, called D. Ordii, was added to the list by Dr.
S. W. Woodhouse, who discovered it at El Paso, on the Rio Grande.
(Sitgreave’s Exped. to the Zuni and Colorado Rivers, 1853, p. 50, pl. 4.)
In the same year Dr. Le Conte revised the genus and added two
species, viz, D. Heermanni and D. Wagneri (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1853, p. 224).
In 1855 Professor Baird made known a sixth species, D. montanus
from Fort Massachusetts.
Two years later the genus was revised a second time by Professor
Baird, who placed the MM. halticus of Wagner, with a mark of interro-
gation, under the D. phillipsii of Gray, regarded his own D. montanus as
questionably synonymous with the D. Ordii of Woodhouse, recognized
D. agilis as a distinct species, and dismissed D. Heermani and D. Wag-
ner? with the remark that he knew nothing ofthem. (Rept. U.S. Pacific
hk. R. Survey, 1857, 406 et seq.) ;
In 1875 the genus was again reviewed by Dr. Coues, who united all
the species under the D. phillipsi of Gray, but recognized a variety of
the same, which he styled D. phillipsi ordi (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1875, p. 305 et seq.).
After so much elaboration, it would seem as it the subject of the
taxonomy of this genus must be exhausted, and I should owe an apology
for again calling attention to it were it not that I have discovered, upon
examination of the series of specimens in the National Museum, a char-
acter; which appears to have been hitherto overlooked, and by whieh it
becomes possible to divide the genus into two very distinct sections.
This character relates to the number of hind toes. In one series of
specimens the hallux, though reduced in size, is perfectly formed and
bears a rounded claw. In the other series the hallux, including the
metatarsal, is entirely absent, and the hind foot has, therefore, but four
toes.
410 THE GENUS DIPODOMYS.
In the original descriptions of the various species the references to
this character are as follows:
Number
Species. of hind Locality.
toes.
| | Mex
EPO NULLUN SU GEA a cae rans cela siecle ae name leee le sate ect eal 4 | Mexico.
Me halticus Wagner: =. .-- 2 .----</<-<--2--ees scar oe ee ean = ae oie = = | 4 | Do. |
SPS UF AUB GATING Lee 2 ie mote siafnte avn ee ale eae a el 5 | California.
BBs Oni WOOK OUKO oo: fas a2 clas sae oe nla eon sheet seen eee | *4 | Rio Grande.
1D, Heermagni Le:Conte ....-- ~~~ =.= 952 oon we ee mn wm = = | (t) | Sierra Nevada.
D, Wagnert Le Conte - ..- 2.5. 22.2262 - 2-2 en oe ee ese enn oe one = (7) |
SPS MLONUURUS OAL maa secession la ieeral= alee ete atare ge = tee re (7) | Fort Massachusetts.
* Tn the figure. + Not mentioned.
The only remark regarding the toes in Gray’s original diagnosis of
the genus is as follows: “Toes, 5-4.”
Wagner, on the other hand, enters more into detail. Speaking of the
hind feethe says: ‘“* Die Daumenzehe fehlt zugleich mit ihrem Mittelfuss-
knochen; jede der 4 andern Zehen hat ihre gew6hnlichen Phalangen.”*
Again, on comparing his new genus with Dipus, Scirtetes, and Jaculus,
he writes: ‘¢ Von diesen allen unterscheidet ihn schon die Beschaffenheit
seines Gebisses; von letzterem tiberdies der Umstand, dass die Hinter-
fiisse nur 4 zehig und der Schwanz dichter behaart ist.”"t Finally among
his generic characters is the following: ‘ Pedes posteriores 4 dactyli.”¢
Gambel, in his description of D. agilis, dismisses the character with a
single phrase, as follows: ‘Both hind and fore feet with four toes and
the rudiment of a fifth.” §
Of the monographers of North American mammals who have written
since 1848, Audubon & Bachman (who had access to and figured Gray’s
type) give the genus four hind toes, while Professor Baird and Dr. Coues
give it five hind toes. The discrepancy seems not to have been hither-
to detected.
It will be conceded, I believe, that the presence or absence of the
hallux is a character of more importance than those relating to the
proportions of the feet and tail and the variation of color.|| If it be
accorded specific rank, the two species resulting from the division of
the genus must, I am persuaded, stand in the nomenclature hereafter
under the names of D. phillipsti Gray, and D. agilis Gambel, the former,
with four hind toes, being the type of the genus; and the latter, the first
of the subsequently described species in which the possession of five
hind toes is distinctly recognized.
*Wiegman’s Archiv, 1846, i, p. 175.
TL. ¢c:
t Op. cit., p. 276.
§ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1848, p. 78.
|| The absence of the thumb has, indeed, been employed as a negative character of
generic value, but Dr. Dobson has recently pointed out the inadvisability of such a
course.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 411
Having adopted these two species, it becomes desirable to ascertain
in how far they are commensurate with the Dipodomys phillipsi (typi-
cus)* and Dipodomys ordi of Dr. Coues, the latest writer upon the genus.
To this end I have remeasured the entire alcoholic series of Dipodomys
in the collection of the National Museum.
Specimens having 5 toes on the hind foot.
: é oe
SP ies tee So |S :
fe veaie. ihe o | |8E1 Se
Dr. Coues’ | xe St Sige tecel ves iB q/es 28
Z Locality. identifica- So |S I Seer a esl ace we | eo |ee
© tion. ‘he | aulgeoniecetlinen Mest iete) | eee noes
2 Pal Se |S a = = a | eel Se
q . | 8) bo | bo 2 | 9 bo | en | OE | BOE
B Be ieol Ss CSc le ol ahi ie wld
a nD} HI} 4/4/H |B IH =
i\mm.|mm.| mm.|mm.\mm.| mm.|mm.| mm. | mm
9478 | Washington Territory.-|.-...-...----- & | 97 | 40 | 136 | 24 | 35 6 12 | 12.5 | 41
7345 | Crossing Little, Colo....|.....---.----. o {106 | 41 127 | 23 | 36 8 15 | 13 4
pee aaa ete ae re eee alee sine e/afoimce cin oO j1l4 | 43 |*170 | 24 | 41 8 |17 | 12.5) 44
2621 | Coahuila, Mexico .-....|.....--------. Guo) neseelelase soe top, Ce Neale |) 36
7344 | Platte Valley, Nebraska |..-.....-...-- @ (105 |.39 | 151 | 23 | 37 8 13° A 40
48 (toCimarrony Ne Mex... 52.9 2scc2 cena se Q /105 | 41 | 130 | 25 | 38 7 Deeks 40
ROT 22h eNOMeralify ice ss-eee| ee =n ssn tee 101 hi pee | 23 | 35 8 | 14 10 39
IOISa Sans rancisco, Call sccsa|y-m2<2 emcees 97 38 156) | 22) 1°35 Tie ale 12 42
7348 | Fort Tejon, Cal... .... D. phillipsi | 9 109 | 46 | 174 | 25 | 42 9 17 | 13 45
4870 Horteuaramie, Wiy.0- 1. =\.|-cs-n=-~—ce = Q 100 | 40.5) 148 | 22 | 35 7.5 | 13 | 14 41
14064 | Fort WallaWalla, Wash.|.......-...---. @ 103 | 40 | 144 | 22 | 35 7 13 | 12 39
FAV OLR LON ate) reties | elae sees eet .--./103. 4) 40. 5)f141. 1) 23.2) 36.7) 7.4 | 13.8) 12.05) 40.7
Perdontages: +. 224|,25)22 8.12220)! 100 | 39. 2/t138. 5 22. 4| 35.5] 7.2 | 13.5) 11.65] 39.4
Dipodomys phiilipsi (4 hind toes).
]
2 | 90 | 37 | 131 | 23 | 34 7.5 | 12.5} 10 38
Q | 90 | 387 | 145 | 22 | 33 7 12.5} 9.2 | 38
-| D. phillipsi -| 9 | 93 | 38 | 148 | 23 | 36 8 11.5) 9 36
4970 |..-.-.. €Olss-ceesese --| D. phillipsi -| ¢ | 92 | 38 |*117 | 23 | 35 7.5 | 13.5): 9.5 | 36
4970) p= = -- 200 = <- --| D. phillipsi -| ? | 89 | 36 135 | 22.5) 33 7 12 | 10 36
BOT Os ese Os oe ec chi taeeiees D. phillipsi -| ¢ | 93 | 38 | 147 | 23 | 36 7 13 9 36
HSLO9N| No Locality: ¢- ose cece seer eec os iee a: Ge s8t WN sten oo! 523: sss Geo) DLS UD 39
12408 | Rocky Mountains wall ecis see eee OT LO9 42h STS ce 1 40) ole lon tock 43
2627 | Fort Reading, Calfornia | D. phillipsi -| ¢ | 80 | 33 | 148 | 20 | 31 7 13, | da 40
2626 |...-.- GOV. J 5n5egeeebese D. phillipsi -| ¢ | 82 | 37 | 149 | 21.5) 32 7 15 | 1 40
Averages ...--..--- seveceeeeecee [o--+| 90.6] 87.3/1150 722.3] 34.3) 17.27] 12.9| t9.9| 38.2
Percentages -2--ce-\scte--c css se ----|100- | 41. 27184. 5/{27. 4 37.9) $8.9 | 14. 2/t12.2 | 42.2
* Broken. t Average tor 9 specimens. + Percentage for 9 specimens.
It will be perceived upon examination of these tables that the four-
toed specimens have relatively longer tails, ears, and feet than the five-
toed series. In respect to each of these characters the former series
agrees with the series which Dr. Coues called D. phillipsi (typicus). I
quote from his monograph, page 539: ‘‘The western animal averages
smaller and of more slender build, with larger ears and longer limbs,
and especially longer tail.” These differences hold good for my four-
toed series. The portion of Dr. Coues’ diagnosis of his D. phillipsi
ordi bearing on these characters is as follows: ‘‘ Larger: rather over
than under 4 inches in length of head and body, with (comparatively)
stout shape, small ears, short limbs, and short tail.” (p. 541.)
*T add this subspecific name in order to prevent confusion in the remarks I have
to make upon the two varieties recognized by Dr. Coues.
412 THE GENUS DIPODOMYS.
This diagnosis, which is the converse of that given for D. phillipsi
(typicus), is applicable throughout to my five-toed series, although it
includes a specimen (No. 7348) coming under Dr. Coues’ D. phillipst
(typicus).
It is also to be observed that the proportion of the tail to the head
and body, which Dr. Coues places at 150:100 for D. phillipsi (typicus),
rises to 184:100 in my four-toed series.
In addition, the eyes and ears are relatively larger and further re-
moved from the extremity of the snout in the four-toed series than in
the five-toed specimens.
The differences of color which Dr. Coues places among the “observed
matters of fact, not open to question,” I am unable to appreciate in the
material at command. ! cannot picture in my mind the difference
between mouse- brown lightened with tawny, or fulvous, on the one hand,
and tawny, or fulvous, deepened with mouse-brown, on the other. In the
series of skins as a whole I find only—so far as color is concerned—that
insensible blending of differences which Dr. Coues insists upon. I be-
lieve that it would be impossible to classify subspecifically any single
specimen by its color alone.
The localities from which the specimens having, respectively, four
toes and five toes on the hind foot were derived are as follows:
D. PHILLIPSI (4 toes). D. AGILIs (5 toes).
4970. Cape St. Lucas, Lower California. (Ale.) | 7347. Running Water, Nebraska. (Alc.)
2628. Southern California. (Alv.) 14064. Fort Walla Walla, Wash. Ter. (Ale.)
4922. Mohave village, Arizona, (Ale.) 2625. San Francisco, California. (Ale.)
4923. Mohave village, Arizona (juv.). (Ale.) 7344. Platte Valley, Nebraska. (Alc.)
2626. Fort Reading, California. (Alc.) 9478. Washington Territory. (Alc.)
12408. Rocky Mountains. (Alec.) | 7345. Crossing Little, Colorado. (Alc.)
12730. New Mexico. (Alc.) 7348. Fort Tejon, California. (Alc.)
1741. Pecos, New Mexico. (Skin.) 4870. Fort Laramie, Wyoming. (Alc.)
1742. Pecos, New Mexico. (Skin.) | 15110. Arizona. (Alc.)
491. Llano Estacado. (Skin.) 4871. Cimarron, New Mexico. (Alc.)
7182. Fort Mohave, Colorado River. (Skin.) 8436. Fort Whipple, Arizona. (Skin.)
14641. Fort Cummings, New Mexico. (Mounted.)) 1739. Pecos, Texas. (Skin.)
4015. Pecos River, Texas. (Mounted.) 9282. Fort Cobb, Arkansas. (Skin.)
8855. Camp Grant, Arizona. (Skin.) 8437. Fort Whipple, Arizona. (Skin.)
8856. Camp Grant, Arizona. (Skin.) _ 143. Sonora. (Skin.)
12382. Fort McRae, New Mexico. (Skin.) 7825. Bill Williams Mountains, Arizona. (Skin.)
13585. San José, Lower California. (Skin). 3046. Three hundred miles from Fort Riley.
14640. Fort Cummings, New Mexico. (Skin.) n.n. South Platte River. (Skin.)
n.n. Eastern Mexico. (Skin.) 995. Fort Walla Walla, Wash. Ter. (Skin.)
n.n. Eastern Mexico. (Skin.) 943. 9 Los Angeles, California. (Skin.)
4170. 2 Fort Crook, California. (Skin.) 1062. San Diego, California. (Skin.)
7181. California. (Skin.)
1063. San Diego, California. (Skin.)
3159. Fort Laramie, Wyoming. (Skin.)
11661. Pompey’s Pillar, Yellowstone R. (Skin.)
11663. Mouth of Powder River, Montana. (Skin.)
3771. Camp Floyd, Utah. (Skin.)
n. n. Powder River, Montana. (Skin.)
11662. Mouth of Powder River, Montana. (Skin.)
14805. Trego County, Kansas. (Skin.)
21658. Trego County, Kansas. (Skeleton.)
14009. Lee’s Ferry, Colorado River, Ariz. (Skin.)
13572. (2) Fort Defiance. (Skin.)
9608. Don Carlos, Colorado. (Skin.) ,
12668. Camp Harney, Oregon. (Skin.)
12441. San Diego, California. (Skin.)
489. ? Monterey, California. (Skin.)
473. Posa Creek, California. (Mounted.)
472. Posa Creek, California. (Mounted.)
442. Huerfano River, New Mexico. (Mounted.)
1044. Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. (Mounted.)
2621. Coahuila, Mexico. (Ale.)
372. Durango, Mexico. (Mounted.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 413
Upon marking tie localities of D. phillipsi on a map of the United
States in Mercator’s projection, [ find that with one exception they lie
upon or south of a line running approximately northwest and southeast
between Fort Reading, California, and Fort McRae, New Mexico.
Specimen No. 1742 came from Pecos, New Mexico, near Santa Fé, which
is considerably north of this line. On the other hand, all the five-toed
specimens came from localities lying upon or north of this line, except
seven.
Five of these are skins from the following localities :
San Francisco, California. ? Monterey, Cal.
Posa Creek, Cal. Fort Tejon, Cal.
San Diego, Cal.
It will be perceived that all these specimens are from the coast of
Southern California and west of the coast range. The type of D. agilis
came from Los Angeles, which is also in this section.
A sixth specimen, No. 2621, is from Coahuila, Mexico, and according
to Professor Baird, probably from near Santa Catarina, a village a few
miles west of Monterey, Mexico. This specimen is, therefore, from further
south than any other of the representatives of D. agilis except the next.
This seventh specimen, No. 372, is labeled Durango, Mexico. If the
record is correct (and there seems to be no reason to doubt that it is) it
appears that the range of the species extends far into Mexico.
From the material at command the boundaries of the ranges of the
two species are approximately as follows: '
D. phillipsit Gray. Fort Reading, California, on the west; Pecos River,
Texas, on the east; Fort Reading, Calfornia, and Pecos, N. Mex., on the
north; and Reale del Monte, near Mexico City, Mexico (Gray), on the
south.
D. agilis Gambel. San Francisco, Cal., on the west; Fort Cobb, Arkan-
sas, on the east; Fort Walla Walla, Wash. Ter., and Powder River,
Montana, on the north; and Durango, Mexico, on the south.
D. phillipsi extends farthest south and west, D. agilis farthest north
and east, but the ranges of the two species interdigitate extensively.
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY SATURNIIDZ.
By JOHN B. SMITH.
(With three plates. )
The family Saturniide@ as limited by me is sharply senarated from all
the other Lepidoptera by the structure of the antenne. These organs
are always pectinated in the males, and usually also in the females. The
branches or pectinations are arranged on each side of the middle of the
joints. and there are, in the males always and the females usually, two
on each side, or four branches to each antennal joint—a character found
in only one other family, the Ceratocampide. The latter family is
sharply separated from the present by having the pectinations extending
only half the length of the antenn, while here they extend to the tip.
In life habits they are also very distinct, for while the Saturniid larvee
are all spinners and make more or less perfect cocoons, the Ceratocam-
pid larve all go under ground to pupate. The habitus is also an en-
tirely different one, and thus, though closely allied, the family is abun-
dantly separated from the one here considered. In addition to the
distinctive antennal character, the species placed here agree in the re-
tracted head, obsolete tongue (sometimes barely a discernible rudiment),
small, often aborted palpi, want of ocelli, no frenelum, no spines to the
tarsi, legs sub-equal, the hind pair with small terminal spurs to the
tibia only—median tibia usually without spurs. The venation varies
somewhat, as do also the male genitalia, and these afford good bases
for subdivisions.
As defined above, the family is a very natural one, and includes the
species classed in Mr. Grote’s most recent list as Attaci, and part of
those placed as Hemileucini.
Most if not all the characters above enumerated apply as well to the
Ceratocampide, and including them, the Lepidoptera with doubly pec-
tinated antenne are separable as follows:
Pectinations of antenns extending to the tip.--......---..------.----- SATURNIIDZ.
Discal cell of both wings open-..-.-..-------- gedict aoe soso sub-family ATTACINAE.
Discalicelliot both wings closedecces =e eta eee eee sub-family SATURNIINE.
Pectinations of the antennz extending to the middle only, simple or serrate beyond,
CE RATOCAMPID2.
The Attacine and Saturniine are also very sharply separated by the
venation of the wings, and it would hardly be doing violence to system-
atic entomology to rank both as distinct families. Mr. Grote places
part of my Saturniine with his ‘Attaci,” while he places another series
in his * Hemileucini.” Allof his Attaci belong to the Saturniide as here
limited, while of his Hemileucini, Hyperchiria, and Coloradia also belong
here. Of the remaining genera Quadrina seems to be a Cossid, and does
not differ very much in structure from Gloveria—in fact, this latter
414
\
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 415
¢ : ‘ :
genus has strong Cossid tendencies and in any natural arrangement
must stand very close to them. Hemileuca is very closely related to
Clisiocampa, and so also seems Pseudohazis: Huleucopheus I have seen,
and it has simply pectinated antennze—what its venation is I do not
know.
The material from which this revision was made is principally my own
collection, in which most of the species are represented. The museum
collection furnished a large amount of material for comparison, while
Messrs. Hy. Edwards and B. Neumoegen, of New York, kindly loaned
me typical examples of some species from their collections, and Prof. Hy.
Snow, of Lawrence, Kans., brought with him on a recent visit to Wash-
ington some rarities for examination, including Quadrina, Gloveria and
Coloradia, the precise position of which could not have been other-
wise determined. As some of the insects included in this revision are
of the most interesting and largest of our species of night-flying Lepi-
doptera, they have been figured and described in almost every work on
insects and in almost every treatise on economic entomology. The lit-
erature of the species has thus become an enormous one and I have not
pretended in this paper to do more than cite the most important or most
accessible works. The male genitalia have been examined in almost
every species, and figures of the parts are given; but, though the draw-
ings and descriptions are accurate so far as they go, there are yet.some
structures of importance that have been left untouched simply because
our knowledge of these structures in the Lepidoptera is so imperfect
that I have not been able to give proper value to them and preferred
to omit their consideration here altogether.
ATTACIN A.
The Attacine express perhaps the highest point in Bombycid devel-
opment. The imago is absolutely incapable of feeding, and the procrea-
tion of the species seems the only point looked to; in consequence the
body of the 2 is very stout and heavy, and filled to its utmost capacity
with ova. The insects are strictly nocturnal, and despite the fact that
they are usually common, are not often found as imagoes. The larvae
are all spinners, and all make strong double cocoons.
In addition to the family and sub-family characters heretofore men-
tioned, none of the species have more than 11 veins to primaries, and
most have only 10; the accessory cell is always wanting. Briefly the
venation is as follows: Primaries, one internal vein, median three
branched (v. 2, 3, and 4), 5 and 6 from the end of the sub-costal, 7 and
8 on a long stalk from middle or outer 5d of sub-costal; ¥» when present
out of 8 at variable points, 10 sometimes from the sub-costal and some-
times out of 8; 12 as usual, from the base. Minor agreements and dif-
ferences will be noted in treating of the species.
416 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIID.
The é genitalia agree in this important particular: all the supra-anal
plates are strongly furcate at tip, with the possible exception of cal-
leto and splendidus, the latter seeming to lack the plate entirely.
Messrs. Packard and Grote have made numerous genera out of the
American species, based on differences in wing shape and the course of
the veins; but after careful comparisons of large series of all the species
I have come to the conclusion that the separation is not maintainable,
and two genera only are recognized separated as follows:
Abdomen) untutted | 22 3 202 .c es geen eee ceeeoemeie ee alee ee ees ATTACUS.
Abdomen tufted = <2 3...) sim fs. ails cl toate s seem iaceiewel-peeene as eee ase eee ae SAMIA.
To the latter genus I refer cynthia only, which differs also in the
more extended secondaries from all the others of our species, but in no
further important particulars.
The Linnean species atlas is taken as typical of the genus, and splen-
didus is its nearest North American ally. A number of the species
described from Mexico and South America have been examined and
confirm the views expressed as to the generic identity of our species.
It is somewhat remarkable that whereas our North American species
vary comparatively little and are rather sharply defined, the Mexican
and South American species vary exceedingly, and the limits of and
validity of many of the species described m the British Museum Cata-
logue are still very uncertain.
SAMIA Hb.
The only real distinguishing characters have been pointed out. The
structure of the head and thorax is shown at plate xiv, fig. 12, and need
uot be more fully discussed, as the structure of the same parts in the
other species of the sub-family is alike. The primaries have ten veins
only, the 9th apparently not united to any other, but free from the
space between 8 and 10, as shown in the figure. In the specimens the
veins are contiguous, but in the figure they are enough separated to in-
dicate their course.
The single species is—
S. cynthia Dru., ii, pl. vi, f. 2 (Phalena Attacus); Cram. Ex. i, 62, pl. 39, f. A (Pha-
lena Attacus); Oliv. Ene. Méth., v, 30, 26 (Bombyx); Westw. Ed. Dru., ii, 12,
pl. 6, f. 2 (Saturnia); Hb. Verz., p. 156, 1629 (Samia); Wlk. Cat. B. M., v.,
1220 ( Aitacus); Riley 4th Mo. Rept., 112 (Life Hist); Hulst. Bkln. Bull, i,
91 (food plant); Nostrand Bkln. Bull., ii, 75 (food plants).
Wings dull luteo-fuscous, primaries with basal space brighter yellow-
ish and space beyond the outer transverse line bright yellow, densely
powdered with black atoms; margin luteous gray. A strongly angu-
lated white band, shaded with lilac at base, outwardly shaded with
black, the outer angle touching the vitreous lunule. .At the outer third
the wing is crossed by another, narrower white line, also tinged with
pale lilac,and with a broad shade of the same color outwardly. In-
wardly it is margined with black. As a whole the line is straight, out-
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 417
wardly bent over the lunule. This lunule consists of a narrow vitreous
crescent obliquely crossing the median cell, its horns touching the
transverse lines. The convex upper margin is black, the concave por-
tion is broadly shaded with yellow. At the apex is a large irregular
lilac blotch, outwardly limited by a narrow irregular white line, at the
lower end of which is a large round black spot, with a narrow whitish
lunule near the inner edge and a few yellow and lilac atoms. Through
the luteous-gray outer margin runs a fine dark line, black nearest to
apex, fuscous below. Secondaries with an inwardly convex whitish lilae
band at base, which at the costal margin connects with a rather acute
curve, with an outer band of the same color, and which runs from the
middle of the costal margin in two gentle curves to the hind angle.
The band is shaded similarly to those of primaries. A strongly curved
lunule crosses the cell at the end, its outer upper horn touching the
outer band. The space beyond the posterior transverse line is not so
bright in color as in the primaries, and is outwardly limited by a nar-
row, somewhat irregular yellow line, followed bya broad irregular dusky
band, and then by two narrow dusky lines, the outer one at base of the
fringes. Beneath, the maculation of the upper side is reproduced, save
that the basal pale bands are lacking and the color is somewhat paler.
Head and thorax like primaries. Head with a white tuft between and
at sides of antennz. Thorax with a narrow white line on collar and a
broad white band at base. Abdomen yellow, with a basal white band,
a crest of white hair on dorsum, a row of white tufts on each side of the
middle; a geminate white line, margined with black, inclosing the stig-
mata, and two ventral white lines; last segment all white. The body
and legs are also white marked. The palpi are small, scarcely reaching
the front. The 2 antennz with the pectinations even to the tip, but not
ciliate, the branches well separated at the joints. The supra-anal plate
of the éis broad at base, narrowing toward the tip, and then divided
into two divaricate prongs.
The larva of this species has been well described by Riley and
figured in the 4th Mo. Rept., and the caterpillar is so well known that
it is hardly worth while to describe it again. Its natural food plant
is Ailanthus glandulosa, but it feeds also on Ricinus and “ will feed and
flourish on lettuce, chicory, willow, and teasel” (Riley). Other recorded
food plants are tulip tree (Hulst), sheep berry, wild cherry, and bitter-
sweet (Van Nostrand).
The color characters above given are not absolute. An average
specimen is described, but the species varies from a bright, almost
ocher yellow to a pale greenish-clay color. The violet or lilac is also
variably intense, and the lines vary somewhat. The insect is, however,
so characteristic that there is no mistaking it. The cocoon is spun in
a leaf and fastened to the twigs which in Adlanthus drop in the fall.
The moths emerge in the latitude of New York late in June or early
Proc. N. M. 86——27 December 7, 1886.
418 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDA.
in July—in Washington two to three weeks earlier. There are two
annual broods in these latitudes.
Since the date of its introduction into this country (1861) this insect.
has undergone a considerable change in color and wing form, quite
marked when compared with specimens from China. It is larger,
deeper in color, and the wings are much broader and more rounded,
much less excavated below the apex.
ATTACUS LINN.
This genus, to which I refer all the other American species belonging
to this subfamily, is an extensive one, and yet so characteristic in each
case that there is no difficulty in recognizing it at a glance. The defi-
nition of the family and subfamily contains all the characters of this
genus, and it differs from Samia only in the untufted abdomen and in not
having the hind angle so distinctly produced. The genera based upon
wing shape and on the characters of the front appear to me invalid.
They are Callosamia Pack. and Platysamia Grt. All our strictly North
American species agree in having the supra anal plate divided into two
divaricate hooks at tip. NSplendida appears to lack the plate altogether,
if my specimen was normal—I had only one ¢ that I could disseet—
while calleto shows an apparently abnormal structure, which I have
figured as I saw it, though I believe the figure incorrect. The venation
varies in the species and will be separately described and figured. ‘Two
rather sharply defined groups can be recognized. The first, containing
splendidus, orizaba, and cinctus, have on both wings a large, trigonate,
vitreous spot, and they are all subtropical forms. Except cinctus,
indeed, the question of their occurrence in the United States is yet
uncertain. Splendidus makes the nearest approach to the type of the
genus in wing form and in general habits and maculation; orizaba
approaches it so closely in the male that they have been considered
identical, while cinctus, which is undoubtedly distinet from either, has
the typical maculation of orizaba and the wing form of cecropia.
The other group lacks the vitreous spots, though their place is taken
by angulated or lunate spots or marks of a light color. Calleto ( poly-
ommata Tepper), promethea, and angulifera differ from the others of the
group by having the sexes more or less dissimilar in color and wing
form. The males are very close in wing form to splendida, while the
females are like cecropia or columbia. The pale mark in the primaries
is here angular, and the abdomen is not banded, but has a stigmatal
pale band, including black spots. In this feature these species agree
with the splendidus group, which has the abdomen maculate in the same
way. ‘
Columbia, gloveri, ceanothi, and cecropia have the sexes similar in
maculation and nearly alike in wing form. The abdomen lacks the
lateral spots and is furnished with white bands.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 419
There are here three groups or sections, corresponding with Attacus,
Callosamia, and Platysamia, and those with a penchant for numerous
genera can use those names. They indicate actual divisions, but the
lines are so slight and so superficial that I do not care to use them
myself.
In synoptic form the scheme above outlined would be as follows:
Both wings with trigonate vitreous spots.
Size large: spots on both wings acutely triangular; the base concave or straight.
SPLENDIDUS.
Size large: spots on both wings rather rounded at angles; base on the primaries
straight, on secondaries spot more elliptic, apex indenting the t. p. line-ORIZABA.
Size smaller, spots smaller, not or rarely touching and never indenting the t. p.
HIG aS Meu peg Ch cS elMMROLIZ UDA a >2 315 5po ae cere te ets ete yee ne ee eae CINCTUS.
Wings without vitreous spots, but with a lunate or angulated pale or white spot.
Male with subfalcate wings, dissimilar in color to 9; spots angular.
Abdomen of Qnot banded, a pale lateral stripe including black spots.
Both sexes very dark, with a very distinct broad white t. p. line on both wings,
AMC ilaremar kann gv Gustin Gb s/t oe caps erae ease tain sec ee a eles CALLETO.
Male blackish, with the transverse lines very faint, the white marks obsolete;
reddish fulvous, the abdomen obsoletely banded...--.------.- PROMETHEA,
Male more like 9? than usual, fulvo-fuliginous, the t. p. line and strongly angu-
lated mark distinct, primaries less falcate than in promethea...aANGULIFERA.
Sexes similar in color and maculation, and but little difference in wing shape;
abdomen of both sexes banded pale marks lunate. Size small; spots unusually
small; male antenn# moderate; white band not or narrowly edged with pink.
COLUMBIA.
Larger; spots larger and narrower, more lunate, color deep carmine brown;
BIMLENN BWVELYMALS Ore oe Moh. Soarte ae owe ee oe ste wet eis ee ca eee GLOVERL.
Similar to the preceding but much lighter pinkish or rust red in color, t. a. line
anenlated InsteadOnmrounded: co c22.. 25. oack s)he cciseine snes eessee CEANOTHI,
Largest, the t. p. line red, or with a broad red outer margin dark smoky brown
DINO O LOR ae efa Peale o Setetie eens Se ee ee myoe Sees o Skee eae Moe ee CECROPIA.
Attacus splendidus De B., Ins. Afr. et Am., p. 133, pl. 22, f. 1, 2 (Bombyx); Clem.,
Pr. Ac. N. Sc. Phil., 1860, p. 160 (Atéacus); Morris, Syn. Lep., 228, 1862 (Atta-
cus).
Prevailing color dull reddish brown varying in intensity and shade
from a rich deep purple brown to a sordid luteous brown. Thorax with
a white band on collar and another at base. Abdomen with a stigmatal
white band, margined with black and inclosing red brown spots. Pri-
maries with a white basal transverse band, strongly angulated out-
wardly on the median vein; outwardly bordered with black, inwardly
by a brighter orange red shade. At outer third is a similar transverse
band, interrupted by the large triangular vitreous spot, above which it
is straight and below which itis wavy. The vitreous patch is trigonate,
the base extending across the cell near its end and the apex strongly
indenting the transverse posterior line. Beyond this band is a pinkish
or lilac shade strongly dusted with black scales, irregular in outline
and variable in extent and intensity of color. Beyond this the wing is
of a deeper luteous or buff color inwardly powdered with black scales,
420 _ REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDA.
outwardly limited by a series of ochreous spots beyond which is a
margin of luteous gray, and superiorly invaded by a large ‘pale lilac
patch which is outwardly bounded by an angulated white line. Be-
tween veins 6 and 7 near the margin is a large, somewhat irregular
black spot, sometimes divided into three. The line separating the gray-
ish margin from the series of ochreous spots sometimes becomes darker,
or more rarely black. Occasionally the vitreous spot does not indent
the transverse posterior line, and in fact all the features of maculation
are inconstant. Secondaries with the basal band continued along the
costal margin so as to connect with the outer band which is similar to
and a continuation of the t. p. band on the primaries. The vitreous
pateh is similar in shape and occupies relatively a similar position.
The space beyond the band is similar in color and maculation to the
primaries, but the ochreous spots within the gray margin have each an
ovate or elongate deep brown center. Beneath, the maculation of the
upper side is reproduced except that the basal band is wanting and the
color is much lighter—washed out.
Expands 4-6 inches. Hab. Mexico, Texas (?).
It is decidedly questionable whether this insect really occurs within
our territory ; but it is common on the other side of the border, and
Mr. Grote has given it a place in his latest catalogue. The sexes differ
decidedly in wing form. In the éthe apex of primaries is distinctly
produced, the outer margin strongly excavated beneath. The second-
aries are much prolonged and the outer margin is somewhat incurved,
while in the 6 the margin is rounded and the wing much shorter and
proportionately broader. The primaries of the 2 are hardly excavate
beneath the apex. The éof this species makes the nearest approach
of any of our North American species to the Chinese atlas, in wing
form. The variations in color and in maculation are great, and though
I have had over a dozen specimens under examination, hardly two have
been alike. The characteristic feature is the vitreous spot which is
constant so far as | have observed. It is more than likely that some of
the species in the catalogue of the B. M. will prove synonymous with
this species, but the material in my hands will not permit a decision at
present. In venation this species is distinctive—it has but 9 veins to the
primaries, and veins 8 and 9 are connected near the apex by a small
cross vein. The venation is alike in all specimens examined by me.
Otherwise the venation is as in cinctus. The é genitalia are figured at
pl. xiv, fig. 1, and the figures will explain themselves. The supra-anal
plate differs from that of the other North American species (except
_ calleto) in that the forks are scarcely divaricate and hardly even sepa-
rated at the tip. The side pieces are well enough figured to show the
method of their fixture to the segments. The larva of this species is
not known to me and no description (if such indeed exists) is accessible
to me. Sefor Aguillero, of the Mexican Geographical Survey, informs
|
.
.
.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 421
me that the larve are sometimes so abundant as to defoliate the trees
of some of their cities, and he speaks of them as a very large green,
spinous caterpillar.
A. orizaba Westw., Ann. Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., xv, 294 (Saturnia) W1k., C. B. M., v, 1201
(Attacus).
This species resembles splendida very closely in color and macula-
tion—so closely indeed, that it is a matter of some difficulty to find any
distinctive features. No male that was available for purposes of dis-
section was at hand, though I had several beautiful specimens under
examination. The venation is exactly like that of splendida. The only
permanent or apparently constant differences that I can find, are that
the primaries of the ¢ are not so distinctly faleate, and the seconda-
ries are not so lengthily extended; and that the vitreous spots are
shorter and broader on primaries and do not indent the t. p. line, and
on secondaries are more nearly obovate, the base being rounded or
convex instead of straight. M. Neumoegen claims (Ent. Am., i, p. 80)
that the species is identical with splendidus, but I should hesitate to
declare it so without a little more positive evidence. Other characters
that are more or less inconstant are that the black spot near the apex
is always divided into three—the line through the pale terminal space
is always distinctly black, and the secondaries have the spots within
this line much longer and deep black, often maculate also with deep
carmine.
This form has not to my knowledge been found within our borders,
and is introduced merely because of its close resemblance to the pre-
ceding, and because it has been suggested that it was identical with
cinctus.
A. cinctus Tepper, Bull. Bkln. Ent. Soc., v, 65, pl. figs. 1 and 2.
This species has the same colors and essentially the same markings
as orizaba or splendidus, but is decidedly distinet. Itis a much smaller
species, expanding not more than 44 inches, and the wings are not
so produced in the ¢. The white band is broader, more conspicuously
lunulate, that on the anterior wing somewhat curved outwardly, and
the lunatious extend to the costa, whereas in orizaba they do not extend
above the vitreous spot. The vitreous spots themselves are smaller,
not reaching the white band on the primaries, and they are there in
shape most nearly like an equilateral triangle—they are rather broadly
edged with white and beyond that with black. The vitreous spot of
secondaries is obovate in shape, very like that of orizaba but the white
margin is heavier. I have seen all the specimens known of this species,
and find these differences constant. However, there is yet one other
character that I count as decisive. The primaries have 10 veins in-
stead of 9. Vein 8 forks just before the apex, and there is no connection
between 8 and 10 (9 in orizaba). This feature is constant, and of spe-
cific value. I have had no males that I could examine closely enough
422 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDA.
to describe the genital structure, but I should imagine it to resemble
splendidus rather than cecropia in this respect.
The larva of this species is not known, but the cocoon and pupe are
described by Mr. Tepper (I. ¢. supra).
The specimens thus far known are all from Southern Arizona.
A. calleta Westw., Ann. Nat. Hist., 2d ser., xv, 297. (Saturnia) Wlk. C. B. M., v,
1225 (Samia).
polyommata Tepper, BkIn. Bull., v, 66 (Platysamia).
Male: Black or smoky ; a whitish band on collar and at base of thorax,
Abdomen with a pale stigmatal band inclosing darker spots. Pri-
maries with a creamy white basal band, outwardly curved and angulated
on the median vein. Anangular whitish mark at the end of and extend-
ing across the discal cell. A broad,even white band, outwardly edged
with ferruginous and dotted with black scales. The outer margin is
yellowish gray, brightening inwardly to a creamy white where it is
limited by a sinuate black line, which extends from vein 6 to the hind
angle. Within this line is a light yellow shade interrupted by the
black veins, and between each vein by a spur from the lunate black
spot which bounds the ferruginous space beyond the white line. Of
these spots the 3d, 4th, and 5th from hind angle have centers of bluish
scales, the centers increasing in size upwardly. In the apical region
beyond the white band is a pearly blue shade in which is between veins
6 and 7 a large round black spot, preceded by a black cresent which is
margined with blue scales, and succeeded by an irregular deep red brown
blotch which extends to the pale outer space. Between veins 7 and 8
is a 3-shaped white mark, the central part of which tou ches a pyriform
deep brown spot. Secondaries with a pale crescent at the end of cell;
a broad white outer band, similar to and joining that of the primaries,
followed by a ferruginous shade which is irrorate with light blue and
black scales. Beyond, is a mouse-gray marginal space which is crossed
by a lunate black line, w ithin which is a series of oval black spots.
Female: ‘‘ Head and thorax dull black, collar pinkish white; a tuft
of red hairs at base of thorax; abdomen dull black with a double row
of lateral red stripes inclosing small black spots; légs dull black.
Wings dull black, with the costa on primaries slightly inclining to gray;
no basal bands, nor light abdominal margin to secondaries; the spots in
the median fields aresmall, and plain white with no edging; on primaries,
they form a triangle, and on secondaries simply a bar. A wide band
of white near the outer margin runs through both wings and makes a
decided curve toward the apex on primaries, where it is tinged with
pale fulvous; beyond this band, outwardly, the color on primaries is
grayish black, lighter toward the outer margin ; the apical spot is black,
surrounded by dark gray, then bordered inwardly by a bluish crescent
edged with black, and outwardly by a dull reddish shading; between
each of the veins below the apical spot, and bordering closely on the
white band, is a bluish crescent corresponding to the apical one, filled
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 423
in gray, and bordered outwardly by a sharp triangle of black; there
are five of these extra spots, which diminish in size and clearness as
they approach the inner margin. The dark gray ground is outwardly
scalloped with a narrow black line, somewhat as in cecropia ; the bor-
ders to primaries are gray shaded with whitish inwardly, especially
toward apical area; at apex a zigzag white line connects with the first
blue crescent, and between this line and the outer margin is a dull red
spot. Beyond the white band on secondaries the color is blackish,
with dark gray borders and a scalloped black line, enclosing inwardly
a row of black spots, two between each vein. The underside is a re-
production of the upper side with the colors more subdued—no light
costal band to secondaries.”
Hab.—Southern Arizona, Mexico. Expands 3-4inches ¢,5inches °.
In wing shape the ¢ of this species closely resembles promethea,
while the 2 has the wing form of cecropia. The primaries have but 9
veins, very closely resembling in that respect the typical Attacus. The
figure will more clearly show the course of the veins. The genitalia
are somewhat peculiar and also more nearly resemble splendidus than
promethea, to which group this species undoubtedly belongs. The supra-
anal plate has a distinct suture through the center, and the forks at
tip are short and not divaricate. My figure is probably not accurate,
as I could not dissect out the part from the only ¢ specimen I had at
hand. This species does not appear to be common.
A. promethea Dru., ii, pl. xi, f. 1,2 ¢; pl. xii, f. 1, 2 9 (Attacus) 1773; Cram. Pap,
Ex., 1, 118, pl. 7 f. A.B. 9; pl. 76, f. A. B. g (Attacus), Fabr. Syst. Ent.,
558-7 (Bombyx); Sp. Ins. 11, 168, 8 (Bombyx); Mant. Ins., ii, 108, 9 (Bombyz) ;
Ent. Syst., iii, 1, 411, 12 (Bombyr); Oliv., Enc. Méth., v, 27, 12 (Bombyz) ;
Gmel. Ed. Linn. S. N., 2403, No. 464 (ditacus); Beauv., Ins. Afr. et Am. Lep.,
pl. 21 (Atiacus); A. & S. Ins. Ga. i. t. 46,1797 (Phalaena); Westw. Ed. Dru.,
li, 20; pl. 11, f. 1, 2; pl. 12, f. 1, 2, 1837 (Saturnia); Hb. Verz., 1816, 156,
1631 (Samia); Geyer Saml., pl. ii, f. 3, 4, 1832 (Samia); Harris, Cat. Ins., Mass.,
1835, p. 72 (Attacus); Rept. Ins. Mass., 1841, p. 281; Inj. Ins. (First Ed. ), 390 f.
186 g, 1879, 1862 (Aittacus); Duncan, Nat. Lib., 32, p. 134, pl. 12, 1852 (Hya-
lophora); Wik. C. B. M. v., 1223, 1855 (Samia); Fitch 3d Rep., p. 59, 1856
(Attacus) ; Morr. Syn. 224 (1862) (Attacus); Pack. Pr. E. S. Ph., iii, 1864, 379
(Callosamia) ; Minton, Can. Ent., ii, 100 (list of food plants); Riley 4th Mo.
Rept., 1872, 121, ff. 43-46 (life hist.) ; Packard, Guide, 1878 (6th ed. ), 298 (Cal-
losamia).
The above bibliography, voluminous as it is, is far from complete, for
in almost every American publication in which Lepidoptera are men-
tioned at all this species is described. Being so well known no de-
tailed description of any of its stages will be attempted, and reference
is nade to the works of Harris and Riley for figures and detailed descrip-
tions.
The primaries are 1l-veined, vein 8 forking just before the apex.
The figures will show the agreements in the sexes. The supra-anal
plate of the ¢ is deeply furcate, the points widely divaricate; the side
424 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDA.
pieces are, while retaining the chief features of the group, still strongly
characteristic, and are best described by a reference to the figures.
Expands 3-4 inches. Hab.—United States, east of Rocky Mountains.
A. angulifera Wlk., C. B. M. v., 1224, 1855 (Samia) ; Morris, Syn., 1862, 227 (Samia) ;
Pack. Pr. E. 8. Ph., 1864, ili, 380 (Callosamia); Riley, 4th Mo. Rept., 122,
note; Suppl. 55=promethea.
Allied to promethea, of which it has been considered a variety. There
are, however, abundant characters separating them, an enumeration of
which will suffice for a description. The specimens known to me are
uniformly larger, the male aud female are similar in wing form, and
the wings are more rounded than in promethea. The male, though
darker in color than the ?, has essentially the same markings, and
is only a little smaller. The angular mark is much larger, more an-
gular, and more distinct in the male of this species than in that of its
ally. The maculation is essentially that of the 2 promethea, with the
colors less bright, and with a more Iuteous cast. In venation the two
species agree exactly. The supra anal plate is like that of promethea ;
but the side pieces are very distinct, as a comparison of the figures will
show. No comparative descriptions of the larva have yet been made
to my knowledge, and the food plants seem to be as in promethea.
A. columbia Smith, Pr. B.S. N. H., ix, p. 343, Mar., 1863 (Samia) ; Pack., Pr. E. S. Ph.,
ili, 1864, 380 (Samia); Wlk., Suppl., v, 1934 (1866) ; Hagen, Buff. Bull., ii, 201,
1875; Strk., Lep., i, 103, pl. xii, fig. 3g; Beth. Can. Ent., i, 44 (46); Bowles,
Can. Ent., iii, 201, f. 37 (larva); Brodie, Pap., ii, 79 (food-plants) ; Strk., Pr.
Day. Ac. N.Se., ii, 277, 1878 (larva).
This species has been supposed by some to be merely a local variety
of cecropia, and it has been compared with that species, from which it
seems to me very clearly distinct. Lam not, however, able to separate it
very satisfactorily from gloveri. The venation is the same, the genitalia
are the same, and but for some slight differences in maculation which
are not constant and the fact that the 6 antenn are not so dispropor-
tionate, the entire insect seems the same. In size it is uniformly some-
what smaller, but I am at a loss to find any other sharp defining feature.
I believe it to be another of those cases where a western form has found
its way along some isothermal or other natural line, to the northeast,
and has become somewhat modified by the changed conditions. The
home of this species is Maine and Canada, and Maine especially, offers"
a number of parallel cases where typically western forms of Noctuids
there occur in a slightly modified form. The larve of both columbia
and glovert have been described, and Mr. Strecker has pointed out the
differences, which consist in the color of the tubercles on the anterior
segments; that of columbia is known to vary (see Ent. Am., ii, 18), and
there seems little reason for doubt that the two forms are identical. I
have seen large series of both columbia and gloveri, and yet hesitate to
refer them as synonymous until new regions can be heard from, because
I have not been able to fill the gap in the size of specimens, and also
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 425
because of the larval differences. All my columbia are smaller than any
gloveri I have ever seen, but all my columbia are from Maine, where the
species has undergone its greatest changes. The description of gloveri
will be sufficient for this species also, and the larval differences will be
more fully pointed out there.
A. gloveri Strk., Lep. Rhop. et Het. 1, p. 1, pl. 1, fig.1¢,29, Jan’y, 1872—; Platysamia)»
id., p. 128, pl. 14, fig. 8, aberr.; larva, Strk., Pr. Dav. Ac. Sci., ii, 276, 1878;
Graef., BkIn. Bull., 1, 75 (cocoon).
Deep carmine or crimson brown, varying, however, in depth of color.
Primaries with a broad outwardly curved white band, shaded on each
side with black, near base; asimilar broad white band, inwardly black
margined, extends straight, or but little sinuate, across the outer third
of wing. In the space included between these bands, at the end of the
discal cell, is a lunate white spot margined with black, varying very
greatly in size and form and sometimes almost obsolete. Beyond the
outer band the wing is dull luteous gray to the fine black submarginal
line, and beyond that the margin is still paler. For more than half its
width this pale space is densely powdered with black scales, and in the
interspaces outwardly are a series of large black spots of variable size
and distinctness, sometimes obsolete. Crowning this series is a large,
round, deep black, apical spot with a blue crescent, from which a zig-
zag white line runs to an apical black mark. Within this line is the
usual large, irregular, pale lilac patch. The outer narrow black line is
very irregular and very variable, occasionally with but a single deep
indentation, and again with a deep sinus in each interspace. One
difference may be here noted between this species and columbia in the
course of the outer transverse line—in this species it is straight or
merely sinuate; in columbia it is outwardly curved and does not so aceu-
rately meet the corresponding line on the secondaries. The secondaries
have the extreme base white, outwardly margined with black; at the
end of the cell is a lunate white patch variable in size and shape, but
always larger than that of the primaries. The space between the outer
white band and the margin is very similar in color to that of the pri-
maries; but there is an interrupted blackish band and a series of long
spots within the fine dark sub-terminal line. Beneath, the maculation
is aslightly fainter reproduction of the upper side, with the basal white
band wanting. The primaries have 10 veins, the origin of 9 somewhat
obscure, and appareutly independent of but contiguous to 8, not far
from its inception. The form of the genitalia is well given in the
figures of plate xiv.
Expands 44, 5 inches. Hab.—Utah and Arizona.
Mr. Strecker describes the larva of this species in vol. ii, p. 277, of the
Pr. Davenport Ac. N. Sci., and thus states the differences between it
and allied forms: ;
““T would briefly state the difference between thelarva of this and the
three allied species, columbia S. I. Smith, cecropia L, and ceanothi
Behr., which consists principally in the dorsal tubercles.
426 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDZ.
** Columbiahas three pair of coral red ones, situated on the third, fourth,
and fifth segments; the remaining six pair, as well as the single one of
the last segment, are yellow. Lateral tubercles whitish.
‘** Cecropia has two pair of coral-red tubercles; these are on the third
and fourth segments; the remaining dorsal ones are yellow as in the
preceding. Lateral ones pale blue.
“« Glover has the same tubercles in number and form as the two species
above alluded to, but, as I have shown, these are all yellowigh; lateral
ones bluish white.
‘* Ceanothi has three pair of dorsal yellow tubercles. These are on the
third, fourth, and fifth segments; the sixth segment has merely faint
_ white raised spots in place of tubercles, and the remaining segments
are without either tubercles or spots dorsally, with the exception of
the twelfth, which has the usual single yellow tubercle. This species
differs from all the others in the absence of dorsal tubercles on all the
segments except the third, fourth, and fifth. It is also devoid of lateral
tubercles, these being only represented on the third segment by white
spots, and on the fourth to eighth by mere black points ; the ninth, tenth,
and eleventh segments are devoid of all spots whatever.
‘Thus it will be seen that gloveri differs from columbia and ceanothi
in having all the tubereles yellow, and from ceanothi in having dorsal’
and lateral tubercles on all segments (excepting, of course, the first and
second), while the latter has these appendages only on the third, fourth,
and fifth segments, besides the single one on the twelfth.”
It will be seen thus that the color of three of the pairs of dorsal
tubercles makes the distinguishing feature of the larva, and must pre-
vent the union of this species with columbia until further breeding has
established the validity or invalidity of this character.
A. ceanothi Behr., Pr. Cal. Ac. N. Sci., 1, 47, 1855 (Saturnia); Strk., Lep., 1, 102, pl.
xii, f. 2, 1875 (Samia); id., p. 120, 1876; Pr. Dav. Ac. Sci., ii, 277, 1878 (Samia);
Morris Cat., p. 21, 1860; W1k., C. B. M., xxxii, p. 525, 1865 (Samia); Hulst.,
Bkln. Bull. iv, 57 (hybrid of); Hy. Edw., Pr. Cal. Ac. Se. (life hist. and food
plants).
californica Grt., Pr. E. S. Ph., v, 229, 1865, note.
euryalus Bd., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., iii, 2d ser., xxxii, 1855; (not desc.) Pack., Pr.
E. S. Ph., iii, 380, 1864 (Samia euryale); Guide, 298, 1878 (6th ed.) (Platy-
samia).
Pale, somewhat rusty red brown, with a slight crimson tint, the
vestiture of wings very thin, still further diluting the color and making
it difficult of definition. The body vestiture is more brick red. A
white collar and basal band on thorax. Primaries with the usual white
bands, similar in shape to those of gloveri, except that the basal one is
more angulated and is not inwardly black margined. Beyond the outer
band the shade is a very light rosy crimson to the outer pale luteous-
gray space. The outer fine dark line and the lilac patch and apical
black spot are as usual. There are no black spots in the interspaces at
4
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL’ MUSEUM. 427 —
‘
the margin of the pale space. The secondaries are as in gloveri, except
that the colors are as in the corresponding parts of the primaries.
Expands 4-43 inches. Hab., California. |
In venation and genital structure this species corresponds closely
with gloveri, so that indeed no differences are observable. The anten-
ne of the male are unusually large and disproportionate, and the wings
are very thinly sealed, an effect heightened by the peculiar color of
the insect. It seems not uncommon in California, and is further re-
moved from cecropia than either of the other species of the same sub-
group, though placed nearer to it in the synopsis.
A. cecropia Linn., 8. N., ed. x, 496, No. 3 (Bombyx); ed. xii, ii, p. 809, No. 3, 1767
(Attacus); Mus. Lud. Ulr., 368 (Attacus); Gmel. ed. Linn., S. N., 2401, No. 3
(Attacus); Fabr., Syst. Ent., 575,35; Sp. Ins., ii, 167,3; Mant. Ins., ii, 108, 4;
Ent. Syst., iii, 1, 408 (Bombyx); Oliv. Enc. Méth. Ins.,v, 25, 5, pl. 69, f. 3 (Bom-
byx); Clerck., Icon. Ins., pl. 49, f. 1 (Bombyx); Cram., Pap. Ex., iv, 66, pl. 42,
f. A. B. (Phalena); A. & S., Ins. Ga., pl. 45 (Phalena), Dru.,i, pl. 18, f. 2;
Westw. ed., i, 32, pl. 18, f. 2 (Saturnia); Catesby, Carol., ii, 86, pl. 86; Hb.
Verz. 156, No. 1630, 1816 (Samia); Wlk., C. B. M., v. 1224, 1855 (Samia) ; Fitch,
3d Rep., 363, 1856 (Attacus); Morris, Syn. Lep., 1862, p. 223 (Atiacus); Duncan,
Nat. Lib., 32, p. 132, pl. 11,1852 (Hyalophora) ; Harr., Cat. Ins. Mass., 1835,
72 (Attacus) ; Rept. 1841, 279 (Attacus); Inj. Ins., Flint ed., 385, ff. 182 to 185
Sprague, Can. Ent., ii, 82; Minot, Can. Ent., ii, 100; Saund., Can. Ent. iii, 149,
f, 31-33 (life hist.) Hulst., BkIn. Bull., iv, 54 (hybrid of) ; Brodie, Pap., ii, 32 (list
of 49 food plants); Riley, 4th Rept., 103, ff, 33-36, 1872 (Altacus) ; Pack. Guide,
6th ed., 298, 1878 (Platysamia).
Few moths have been more often figured and described in one or
more stages than this species, and I shall not add to the number here,
but refer the student to Harris for a very accurate figure. The pri-
maries have 10 veins, as shown in the figure, vein 9 having no distinet
point of origin. It seems almost to arise from the membrane, and I can-
not trace any distinct connection with 8. Genitalia differ in some slight
particulars from those of the species heretofore described, but these
differences I shall leave to be explained by the figures, and shall not
waste words over them.
SATURNIIN A.
The Saturniine differ at once from the Attacine and are sharply sepa-
rated from them by the closed discal cell on both wings. There is a
peculiarity of habitus common to them all, and a distinct tendency to
the other Bombycid families. The male antenne are always pectinated
to the tip as is usual, the joints each with two branches. The? 2
may have the antenne either simple, serrate, singly pectinate, or, as in
the Attacine, similar to those of the é, but somewhat slighter; in some
genera the upper branch of the joint is shorter than the lower, the pec-
tinations still extending to the tip. The venation is very similar in the
subfamily, ten being usual, and but one or two species having nine veins
-
428 | REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDZ.
only. This feature will be treated in detail under the different generic
heads. The é genitalia also differ somewhat, retaining usually the bi-
lobed supra anal plate, but in some genera having it prolonged into a
simple flattened hook. There is much more structural variation here
than in the Attacine, and less can be said under the general subfamily
definition. There is a difficulty, too, in deciding as to the correct generic
term for the species. Genera are here in abundance, but they have been
created on superficial characters, and it is not certain but that some of
the terms may have to be altered when a study of the exotic members
of this subfamily enables the typical species to be properly placed.
For the present I retain the names used in Mr. Grote’s most recent
list, and find myself reluctantiy compelled to add a new generic term
to the already long list.
The European genus Saturnia needs revision in the light of my views,
and I think is too heterogeneous to be retained in its present form.
As separated by me the following table will serve to identify the
genera:
Antenne in both sexes pectinated to the tip, each joint with two branches to each
side.
Antenne of the ¢ with the joints equal; female with the upper joint shorter than
the lower.
Secondaries: tailediei siete sso 5 sata hs) ae ns Ue A oe ne he ACTIAS.
Antenne with the joints equal in both sexes, that of the @ slighter....SATURNIA.
Antenne of the male equally bipectinate; of the 9 with a single pectination to
Ca chyOinbhee aos aca -eitae keh ess cB eee Semen eee CALOSATURNIA.
Antenne of the g with upper branch shorter than the lower; of @ simple or
serrate ; primaries with acute tip and excavated outer margin ; secondaries ocel-
Paes sya E Reais etek oe Neh el Si es ek ee ea er et HYPERCHIRIA.
Antenne of g with the upper branch shorter than the lower; of 9 simple; prima-
ries with outer margin obliquely rounded; secondaries not ocellated.CoLORADIA,
ACTIAS LeEacu.
This genus is easily recognized by the greenish color of the species,
as well as by the tailed secondaries. The primaries have ten veins, dis-
tributed as shown in the figure. Veins 7, 8, and 9 are from one stalk,
vein 9 out of 5 just before the apex. The secondaries have 8 veins as
usual, of which 1 to 4, inclusive, run into the tail, leaving a long mar-
ginal space between 4 and 5, while 1 to 4 are closely crowded. The
head, body, and genital structure are sbown at figs. 11 and 12 of plate
Xili.
The supra anal plate here is bifurcate, the forks short and broad
with acute tips. The side pieces are better shown in the figure than
they can be described, and the structure of the body is also left to the
figure for explanation. The antenna of the female is like that of the
male except that the upper branch of each joint is shorter than the
lower, making an alternate long and short branch.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 429
The only North American species is— /
A. luna Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. x, 496 No. 5 (Bombyx) ; ed. xii, ii, 810, 1767 (Attacus) ; ed.
xiii (Gmel.), 2404, No.5 (Attacus); Mus. L. U., 370 (Attacus); Clk., Icon., t.
52, f.1 (Phalena) ; Fabr., Ent. Syst., iii, 1, p. 414, 1770 (Bombyx); Mant., Ins.,
ii, 109,17 (Bombyx); Sp. Ins., ii, 170, 15 (Bombyx); Oliv., Enc. Méth., 5, 29,
20, 1825 (Bombyx); Cram., Pap. Ex., 1, t. 2, f. A, et 3, t.31,f. A, B (Attacus) ;
Pal. Beauv. Ins. Afr. et Am. Lep., pl. 22, f. 3(Phalana); A. & S. Ins. Ga., p.
95, pl. 48,1797 (Phalena) ; Hb., Saml., i, f. 153 (Hehidna caudata) ; II, f. 382,
383, 384, 1806 (Tropea); Verz., p. 152, 1816 (Tropea); Leach., Zool. Misc., 2,
1815 (Actias); Dru. Ill., 1, pl. 24, f. 1, 1770; Westw., ed., p. 45, 1837 (Actias) ;
Harris, Cat. Ins. Mass., 1835, 72 (Attacus); Rept. Ins. Mass., 1841, p. 277
(Attacus) ; Inj. Ins., iii ed., 332, f. 179, 180; W1k., vi, 1260, 1855 (Tropea);
Fitch, 3d Rep., 134, 1856 (Actias) ; Morr., Syn., 1862, p. 225 (Attacus) ; Pack.
Pr. E. S. Ph., iii, 1864, 379 (Tropea); Minot, Can. Ent., ii, 27; Chamb., id.
43; Riley, 4th Rep., 1878, 123, £ 47, 48, 49.
var. DICTYNNA WIk., C. B. M., vi, 1264 (Tropea).
Aneasily distinguished and rather abundant species. The fore wings
are of a variable shade of green, costal margin of primaries and a broad
band on collar purple, fringes yellow and purple, the two colors varia-
ble in extent. Body white, antenne yellow. A small vitreous spot
at the end of the discal cell in each wing, margined with white, purple,
green, and black.
Expands 3-54 inches. Hab. Eastern and Central United States.
This species has also been figured innumerable times and is suffi-
ciently well known to make description here unnecessary. The variety
dictynna, according to Mr. Walker, differs as follows: “ This species
much resembles 7. luna, but may be distinguished by the band on the
wings, by the not empurpled exterior border, by the fore wings, which
have a less oblique and more straight exterior border, and by the hind
wings, which have shorter tails.”
There are two annual broods of this insect in most sections of the
country, and the midsummer brood is usually smaller, more yellowish
and has the wings more densely scaled.
TELEA Hb.
This genus is the close ally of Antherea and of Saturnia, as the term
is used in Standinger. I am not at all certain that Antherea is not
strictly synopymous with Telea, and am in doubt whether some of the
European species of Saturnia are not referable here. The straightening
out the perplexing generic synonymy in this group must be the work
of the monographer of the whole family, and I simply point out the
structures peculiar to our American species.
The primaries have ten veins; vein 7 and 8 from a long stalk out of
the subcostal, and vein 9 also eon the subcostal, very close to the in-
ception of vein 8. There is thus an essential difference between this
genus and Actias, in which vein 9 is from the same stalk with 7 and 8.
The dorsal vein is furcate, rather an unusual feature in this group.
The secondaries are, as usual, 8-veined, vein 7 very strongly curved.
430 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDA.
Further details are best shown by a reference to the figure. The ¢
genitalia will be described in the reference to the species.
The only North American representative is—
T. polyphemus Cram., Pap. Ex., i, 8, pl. 5, f. A, B (Phalena); Gmel. ed. Linn., S.N.,
p- 2402 (Attacus); Fabr., Sp. Ins., i, 168, 5 (Bombyx); Mant., Ins., ii, 108, 6; Ent.
Syst., iii, 1, 410, 8 (Bombyx); Oliv., Ene. Méth., v, 25, 7, pl. 69, f.4 (Bombyx) ;
Hb., Saml., ii, pl. 385, 386 (Telea polypheme) ; Verz., 154, 1610,1816 (Telea);
WI1k., C. B. M., v, 1226, 1855 (Telea); A. & S. Ins. Ga., 93, t. 47, 1794 (Phalena) ;
Harris, Cat. Ins. Mass., 1835, 72 (Attacus); Rept. Ins. Mass., 1841, 279 (A¢-
tacus); Inj. Ins., Flint ed., 383, 384, f. 181 (dAitacus); Fitch, 3d Rept., 1856,
p. 137 (Hyalophora) ; Morris, Syn., 1862, 226 (Attacus); Riley, 4th Rept., 1878,
125, f. 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 (Attacus) ; Brodie, Pap., ii, 58 (list of 29 food plants);
Pack., Guide, 6th ed., p. 297, pl. 6 and 7, and f. 228, 229 ( Telea).
var. OCULEA Neum., Pap. iii, 71.
This species also needs no new description. It has appeared in almost -
all entomological reports and is known to the veriest tyro. Harris and
Packard are accessible to all; to these works we refer the student. The
antenne of the 2 of this species are like those of Actias. The genitalia
of the ¢ are peculiar, and the supra anal plate shows in its modification
a strong resemblance to the typical form of the next family—CERA‘TO-
CAMPIDA. It is narrow, widening to the tip, and there modified into
two distinct lobes. The side piece bears athree-pronged corneous clasper,
which is figured on plate xiv, fig. 8. The structure is unique and very
characteristic. Considerable has been written about the economic im-
portance of this species, and as it is the nearest ally of forms that are
made useful for sericulture in Japan and other eastern countries, this
has more plausibility than what has been published of the other species
of this family.
The species is found throughout the United States east of the Rocky
Mountains, and in the southern portions of the country is double-brooded.
SATURNIA SCHRANK.
The genus Saturnia as here limited has but a single American repre-
sentative, S. galbina Clem. In antennal structure it is peculiar by the
long branches to the joints, those of the 2 being only shorter and slighter
than those of the ¢, while they are in both rather irregularly crossed
and in the ¢ ciliate. Head much retracted, the palpi and tongue com-
pletely aborted, vestiture thin, long, and divergent. The body and ab-
domen are covered with similar long fine hair. The supra anal plate of
the male has the typical structure of the group, the points diverging
widely and terminating acutely. The figures on plate xiii will show the
appearance. :
Primaries with 10 veins, 5 and 6 from a stalk out of upper end of discal
cell, Sand 9 ona stalk out of 7, dividing near the apex. The cross-vein,
closing discal cell, thin and straight. Secondaries 8-veined, the veins
rather straight, but otherwise much as in the other members of the sub-
family.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 431
The only American species is—
S. galbina Clem., Pr. Ac. N. Sc., 1860, 156; Morris, Syn., 1862, 222; WIk., C. B. M.,
suppl., 32, p. 5380 (1865); Pack., Pr. E. Soc. Phil., iii, 383 (1864) ; Strk., Lep., 1,
104)-pl. xi; fi 4 e590.
Smoky or blackish, both wings with a broad white margin, which is
buff-shaded outwardly. Primaries with a basal, curved, white band and
an oblique white band from near apex to inner margin; the subcostal
and median veins are white between the white bands, and sometimes
all the veins are more or less white marked. A light carmine dash ex-
tends from the outer white line on vein 7 to apex; above this, shading the
line outwardly, is a black patch, marked with blue scales. At the end
of the discal cell is a large black ocellus with a narrow vitreous center
and rings of black, yellow, black, blue and black, the blue ring being
usually on the inner portion only. Secondaries with an indefinite broad
and white basal band and an outer more distinet white band, running
parallel to the outer margin. An ocellus at end of cell, similar in all re-
spects to that of primaries. Beneath with the outer margin, apex, and
ocelli reproduced as above. Basal band obsolete, outer band a narrow
waved white line. The specimens vary much as to amount of white in
the wings—sometimes the color is mostly blackish and the markings
are limited, while in other specimens the white invades the whole wing—
especially the secondaries are occasionally white from outer band to
base. The males as a rule are smaller and whiter than the females.
Expands 2.25-2.60 inches. Hab. Texas, Arizona.
Rather a rare species. The larva is unknown so far as I am aware,
though the cocoon has been superficially described by Mr. Geo. D. Hulst
in a communication to the Brooklyn Ent. Soc., published in proceedings
of the society in ‘‘ Entomologica Americana.” It is readily known by
its white and smoky black colors and the carmine dash at the apex. How
it compares with the European species of Saturnia I cannot say at
present.
CALOSATURNIA, n. gen.
Head very much retracted; eyes small, narrow, ovate; tongue and
palpi entirely aborted; vestiture thin and divergent. Antenne of 6
with two branches to each side of each. joint, as usual, the pectinations
extending to the tip. In the female the antenne are stout, shortly pec-
tinateed to the tip; a single branch only to each side of each joint.
Body vestiture hairy, thin, divergent, the thorax comparatively short.
Legs short and weak, the posterior pair shortest and weakest; no vis-
ible spurs to any pair of legs. Genitalia of ¢ very like those of Sa-
turnia, save that the points of supra-anal plate are not so diverging and
not so acute. The side pieces are essentially the same. Primaries with
but nine veins, 5 and 6 together from the upper end of the cell; 7 and
8 on a long stalk from the subcostal. The venation of the secondaries
is as in Saturnia.
432 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDZ.
As I have previously remarked, it is somewhat a question to what
species the term Saturnia will eventually be restricted. I am inclined
to believe that this genus will be found valid even after the fauna of
other countries shall have been studied, and there will probably be
other species referable to it.
ie: mendocino Behrens. Can. Ent., x.
Dark smoky brown, with a somewhat rusty suffusion on primaries ;
secondaries deep brownish yellow; primaries darker toward base and
along costa; along inner margin with long thick reddish hair; at apex
a black spot, followed by a few blue scales and a deep red blotch of va-
riable size and indefinite shape. Before the end of the discal cell is an
oblong, transverse white mark, followed by a black ocellus ringed with
the ground color, and inwardly marked also by blue scales. Second-
aries with basal third black, but covered with long tawny hair, ob-
securing this color—a broad black band near outer margin. At the end
of the cell an ocellus similar to that on primaries. Thorax dusky,
clothed with deep red brown hair; a broad white band across col-
lar; a deep red tuft at base of antennwe, which are deep orange. Ab-
domen smoky. Beneath, legs crimson; primaries with maculation re-
produced, but the ground color much brighter, almost tawny or red-
dish luteous. Secondaries almost creamy gray over the ground color,
faintly showing the maculation of the upper side.
Expands 1.75-2.75 inches. Hab. California.
Also rather an uncommon species with characteristics hard to be mis-
taken. The insect has a European character or habitus, and its nearest
ally will probably be a European form. The male genitalia are very
much as in Saturnia, and no special description is necessary. So far as
I’ know, the early stages of this species are undescribed.
HYPERCHIRIA. He.
Head strongly retracted, small; palpi in ¢ distinct but hardly ex-
ceeding front; of 2 almost entirely obsolete. The antenne in the ¢
have the upper branch of the joints shorter than the lower, but closely
applied to it, so that it is somewhat difficult to trace them in all cases.
The 2 antenne are simple, or serrate, never pectinate in the species
known to me. The thorax is short, thick, rounded, and woolly; the
abdomen in the 2 exceeds the secondaries and is obtuse and eylindrie.
In the ¢ itis short and conic. The genitalia vary somewhat and are
better described with the species. The venation differs essentially from
all the preceding. The primaries have 10 veins, v. 5 from the cross-
vein closing cell, nearer, however, to 6 than to 4. Vein 6 from the upper
angle of cell, 7 and 8 on a stalk from the same point, 8 to the apex.
The venation of the secondaries is variable and is described with each
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 49
species. The chief peculiarity in the venation of primaries is the incep-
tion of vein 5. A comparison of the figures on plate xiii will at once
illustrate.
The legs are short, densely clothed with hair; the middle and hind
tibia with short terminal spurs. The wings are short, stout, and rather
broad, giving the insects rather a heavy appearance. Besides the
characters enumerated, the species agree in typical maculation of see-
ondaries. The disc is yellow, outwardly margined by a black line, at
base usually more or less pink or reddish. The outer margin is some-
what variable in color, usually very near to that of primaries, and there
is always a reddish or brown line or band through its center. In the
yellow disc is a large black ocellus with a linear white pupil, and biue
irrorations around it.
Four species are described from the United States. Jo, the most
common species, found everywhere in the Eastern United States, is
readily distinguished from all its allies by the irregular subterminal
line, which is as far from the apex as from the hind angle. The typical
form is yellow, with the markings red brown, while the var. lilith is
suffused with reddish, and in the ? the yellow is replaced by a ferrug-
inous red.
The other species have the apex of primaries much more produced,
and there is an excavation to the outer margin, making them slightly
faleate.
Zelleri is the largest of the species, with smoky, luteous brown prima-
ries in the 2, the transverse anterior line irregular and distinct; the
t. p. line is even, nearer to apex than to hind angle—a characteristic
shared also by the following species, they having the line still closer
to the apex:
Pamina and zephyria lack the t. a. line entirely, or it is very indistinct.
In pamina the primaries are bright pale-clay yellow, the t. p. line dusky,
with a yellow preceding shade; in zephyria the primaries are gray and
the line is white, and more than usually oblique. The variety awrosea
bears to pamina the same relation that the var. lilith does to io. It is
the form with a reddish suffusion.
In tabular form, the scheme above set out appears as follows:
T. p. line irregular, wavy, as far from apex as from hind angle.
Color g primaries yellow, with deep red-brown markings ; 9 red brown, with yellow
IAG In 8) oe emere aes aaecioe 2 Leela eRe a AN Phen Data eh lle 10.
With a reddish suffusion throughout; in 2 the yellow of primaries replaced by fer-
PHIM OUS TOU) saree Re ce eae oon ee ota Nd ae eee | Var. LILITH.
T. p. line even, much nearer to apex oan to hind margin, apex more produced.
Primaries smoky, luteous brown, t. a. line irregular, distinct. ...........ZELLERI.
T. a. line wanting or very indistinct.
Primaries bright pale-clay yellow, the transverse line dusky with a yellow preceding
BUG he arama ele eR a aad tl PE ee aR UR Wh 2, PAMINA.
With a reddish suffusion throughout... 2s... 1s ogee eee se oe: Var. AUROSEA.
Primaries smoky gray, the transverse line white and more than usually oblique.
ZEPHYRIA.
Proc. N. M. 86——28 December &, 1886,
434 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDZ.
H. io, Fabr. Sp. Ins. 2, 173, No. 28; Mant. 2, 110, No. 36 (Attacus); Gmel. Ed. Linn. 8. N.
2406, No. 477 ( Atiacus) ; A. & S. Ins. Ga., p. 97 t.49 (Phalena) ; Hb. Verz. 157 ( Hy-
perchiria) ; Saml. III, pl. 17, f. 1-4 (Hyperchyria) ; Duncan Nat. Lib. 32, p. 156, pl.
16 (Aglia) ; Harris Cat. 1834, 184 (Saturnia) ; Rept. Ins. Mass. 1841, 284 (Satwr-
nia) ; Inj. Ins. 393, f. 188 to 192 (Saturnia); Fitch 3d Rep. 1856, p. 61 (Saturnia) ;
Morr. Syn. Lep. 220 (Saturnia); Tepper, Bkln. Bull. 1, 36.
Varia Wlk. Cat. Lep. B. M. vi, p.1278; Pack. Pr. E.8. Ph. III, 384; Beth. Can.
Ent. II, 19; Strk., Lep. 138, pl. 15, f.15 and 16.
var. LILITH Strk. Lep. 139, pl. 15, f. 17.
So well known by figures in all the popular works on Entomology
that further descriptions of color are useless. The larva is also well
known, and is one of the “stinging” caterpillars, the hairs or spines
being sufficiently poisonous to cause intense pain and considerable
swelling if rudely placed on tender portions of the skin. The venation
of primaries is as described. The secondaries have veins 2, 3, and 4
from the median vein, at about equal distances. A straight veinlet
closes the cell, and 5 and 6 are from the same point at the upper angle.
V.7is from the outer third of the subcostal. The genitalia are some-
what peculiar. The supra-anal plate is broad at base and suddenly
narrows, ending in a sort of broad-pointed, spatulate tip. Beneath this
is another corneous appendage, which is fureate but does not appear to
be part of the plate. The figures will explain the appearance, and
reference is made thereto to show the form of side piece as well. The
variety does not differ in any respect from the type form except in the
reddish suffusion. This does not seem to be a local characteristic, but
I have received type and variety together and have taken the ¢ of
one and the @ of the other in copulation.
H. zelleri G. & R., Tr. A. E.S., ii, 193, pl. ii, f. 659.
This species is unknown to me and is not in any collection I have
ever seen. I doubt its being an American species, but rather think it
comes over the border occasionally from Mexico. I reproduce the de.
seription of Grote & Robinson, but somewhat condensed.
Head and palpi rich dark brown; antenne testaceous, a little slen-
derer than in allied species. Thoracic region above, dark brown; later-
ally at insertion of primaries are short whitish scales forming a spread-
ing tuft. Abdomen above, bright ochreous brown, beneath thorax and
legs rich brown, a little paler than upper side. Primaries, apices acute,
but not produced. Basal third with rough or woolly dark brown scales,
outwardly defined by a darker shade. These dark brown, rough squame
extend along the costal region to the apex and intrude obliquely down-
wardly, twice over the middle of the wing; firstly, obliquely and
broadly trom the costa over the discal cross vein to the first m. nervule;
this band is thrice regularly scalloped outwardly between the nervules,
and includes a white discal dot on the cross vein situate just below the
inception of the disco-cellular nervule; secondly, more narrowly and
nearer the apices, the scales forming an even band extending down.
ward to first median nervule at a point where the usual transverse line
1886.]. PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 435
crosses the nervule. This transverse line is narrow and distinct, whitish,
and is rounded at costa, and joins the costal edge at a point considera-
bly removed from apex. Ground color of median space, a frosted pur-
plish brown, over which the dark costal scales downwardly intrude as
above described. The dark scales extend again broadly and more dif-
fusely downwards from the apex,.bordering the transverse line exter-
nally, and irregularly widening over the median nervules to internal .
margin, and leaving the irregular terminal space of the wing a pale
frosted purplish brown, over which the nervules are marked with
ochreous.
Secondaries full and rounded. At base thickly clothed with long and
very bright ochreous seales. A large black discal ocellus consisting of
a broad blackish annulus surrounding a paler center, which contains a
black pupil (the discal spot) containing a few white seales. Outside
this ocelloid spot are two broad, subequal, even, blackish bands, the outer
the broader, and ‘which traverse the wing from costa to internal mar-
gin. The pale dull ground color of the wing separates these bands and
obtains beyond the outer band, while the even narrow terminal space
is concolorous with that on primaries, being purplish brown, frosted
with pale scales, the nervules marked with ochreous.
Beneath of a clear pale purplish brown. On the primaries the discal
mark is seen and a blackish shade band indicates the narrow tranverse
line of the upper surface. Secondaries concolorous with primaries; .
there is a distinct white discal spot on the cross vein and a faint oblique
dark shade band. The ground color of the wings has something of a
dead pink tinge beneath; this is especially noticeable on the seconda-
ries below the median nervule. Expanse, 5 inches. No habitat given.
This seems evidently a specimen with an erroneous locality, else it
would probably have been found by subsequent collectors.
H. pamina Neum., Pap. ii, 60.
var. AUROSEA Neum., Pap. ii, 61.
Head, thorax, and primaries an olivaceous creamy gray; in the @
paler. Primaries subfaleate, somewhat darker at base, but lighter along
the exterior margin. An evenly oblique yellow line, with brownish
exterior border, from very near apex to the center of the interior margin.
An irregular square discal blotch with dark dots at the intersections of
the nerves. Secondaries with the discal space bright yellow, the black
ocellus centered with white, surrounded by a few blue scales. The mar-
gins to this field are rosy, and this rosy margin forms the band through
the terminal space. Abdomen above rosy, beneath pale drab. Beneath,
primaries and secondaries fawn drab, the transverse line of primaries
of a purplish rose tint, the interspace between this line and base being
likewise of a lighter purplish rose, fading toward the costa. Discal
spot conspicuous, black with white central spot. Secondaries with
markings of upper side faintly reproduced. Expands 2.75 3.65
inches, Hab, Arizona,
436 REVISION OF FAMILY SATURNIIDA.
The variety awrosea, as has been remarked, differs in the deeper more
reddish shade of the ground color. The venation of primaries is as in
io and the others of the genus. The secondaries have 2, 3, and 4 from
the median at about equal distances; the cell is closed by a slender
vein, drawn inward at center, and forming thus two waves; 5 and 6
are from the same point at the upper-end of the cell, and 7 is from the
‘ subcostal near the end of the cell. The genitalia are peculiar, the supra-
anal plate forked, the forks pointed and curved outwardly, and covering
«nother pointed corneous plate. The side piece is peculiar in shape and
difficult to describe in words. The figure must serve to make it clear,
The insect has been raised by Mr. J. Doll. I have seen the larva in
Mr. Neumoegen’s collection. So far as 1 know it has not yet been
described.
H. zephyria Grt., Tr. Kans. Ac. Sci. viii, 147 (1882).
Primaries are even, soft, deep smoky gray, a distinct somewhat
curved white line crossing obliquely from the middle of the inner mar-
gin to the apex. At the end of the cell is a rather large black ring
with a more or less indistinct white center. At the extreme base of
the wing is a narrow white line. Thorax and head concolorous with
primaries. Secondaries pink at base, and there densely clothed with
long fine hair. The outer margin is pale gray, sharply limited inwardly
by a black line. A darker gray shade equidistant from this line and
the margin. Disc of wing bright yellow, within which is a large black
ocellus with a linear white pupil, marked with pale blue scales each
side. Abdomen deep carmine red, the tip and under side mouse gray.
Beneath, pale mouse gray, primaries with a large black discal spot with
white center, secondaries with ocellus faintly reproduced. Expands
2.25-3 inches. Hab., New Mexico.
The venation of primaries in tbis species is in all essentials like that
of io. The secondaries differ from all the other species in that the cross
vein closing the cell runs obliquely upward, making the cell pointed
with v. 4 from the point.
This species is still very rare, and I have been unabie to obtain speci-
mens of which I could examine the genitalia as closely as I desired.
The shape of the side piece I could make out, and that I figure at pl. xiv,
f.10; but the supra-anal plate I could not examine. This is perhaps the
handsomest and most distinctly marked of all the species, and by its
dark color and the oblique white band is not likely to be wrongly iden-
tified. Professor Snow has bred this species, but I have seen no descrip-
tion as yet of the larva.
COLORADIA BLAKE.
Antenne of the male doubly pectinated to the tip, the upper branches
not more than half the length of the lower; the female antenne simple.
Head small, very much retracted; body robust, densely clothed with
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 437
fine diverging hairs; abdomen exceeding the secondaries in both sexes.
Male genitalia figured on plate xiv, fig.11. The side piece is divided, and
the supra anal plate is but slightly narrowed to the tip and there emargi-
nate. Primaries with arcuate costa, pointed apices, and obliquely
rounded outer margin. Veins 12; 5 from the cross-vein at end of cell
nearer to 6 than to 4, 6 and 7 from one point at the upper end of cell,
8 from 7 half way to the apex. Secondaries with two internal veins ; 5
from the upper end of the cell, 6 and 7 on a short stalk from the same
point. The chief peculiarity of the genus is the possession of two
internal veins to the secondaries, a characteristic unique in the North
American representatives of the family. It shows plainly in habitus
apd structure a tendency to the other Bombycid families, though fully
within the definition of the present family. There is only one species
thus far known.
C. pandora Blake, Proc. Ent. Soc. Ph., ii, 279, pl. vii, 9 (1863); Strk., Lep., 137, pl. xv,
£7, (1877).
Blackish gray, powdered with white scales. Primaries with a broad,
waved, and dentate black transverse line from base, and another broad,
black, lunulate line about one-third from tip, running parallel to outer
margin ; the two lines rather closely approximate on inner margin. An
irregularly dentate and somewhat diffuse whitish band from apex to
hind angle, inwardly somewhat darker shaded. A small black discal
spot. Palpi and tongue aborted; antenne yellow; thorax black, vesti-
ture with fine white hairs intermixed. Secondaries thinly scaled ; deep
pinkish hair at base and along inner margin, whitish to the dusky outer
margin. Within this margin is a narrow, lunulate black band. A
small black diseal spot. Beneath dull grayish white, the maculation of
upper surface faintly reproduced, the costa and disk with long pinkish
hair. Abdomen black, with edges of segments and sides clothed with
white hair.
Expands 2.50-3.25 inches. Hab. Colorado, Oregon, New Mexico.
ANALYSES OF THE CINCHONA BARKS ON EXHIBITION IN THE
MATERIA MEDICA SECTION. U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
BY GEORGE E. DOERING, PHAR. D.
The collection of cinchona barks now on exhibition in the materia
medica section of this museum represents about all the varieties that
are to be found in commerce. They were received mostly from the
Government plantations of India, Government plantations of J amaica,
Messrs. Howard & Sons, London, Messrs. W. H. Schieffelin & Co., New
York, and the U. S. Centennial Exhibition, 1876.
The collection comprises nearly all the natural barks of South Amer-
ica, and almost every variety of the cultivated product from the planta-
tions in India, Java, Ceylon, Mexico, and Jamaica. They number in
all over a hundred specimens. .
With such a large and varied collection the question naturally arose,
what is the comparative value of these barks? To answer this it was
simply necessary to assay them, which was accordingly undertaken at
the suggestion of the present curator, Dr. H. G. Beyer, U. 8. N.
(Some specimens existed in such a limited quantity that even the small
amount of 5 grams could not be spared, and thus had to be omitted
from the list given below.)
Through the courtesy of Prof. F. W. Clarke I was allowed to do the
work in the laboratory of the U. S. Geological Survey.
Many of the methods described in the books for determining the
amount of cinchona alkaloids were tried, with the view of obtaining
one which would give the smoothest results. The following is a de-
scription of the method employed:
(1) Five grams of the finely powdered bark are first digested for
several hours with 100° of a 1 per cent. solution of sodium hydrate,
filtered, and the contents of the filter washed with an additional 50°¢ of
alkaline solution. (This preliminary operation is to remove tannin,
coloring, and other objectionable substances, which greatly interfere
with the subsequent removal of alkaloids by chloroform.) This solution
is then made acid, filtered from the precipitated cinchona red, the
filtrate rendered alkaline, and such alkaloids as may have been dis-
solved are removed with chloroform, the chloroformjce solution evapo-
rated, and the residue weighed. This weight is to be added to the
final result.
(2) The bark so prepared is now transferred to a flask, with 100° of
a 24 per cent. solution of sulphuric acid, and digested for several hours
on a water-bath; filter and repeat the operation, washing the filter
until the filtrate ceases to become turbid upon the addition of sodium
hydrate. (The bark that has so far as possible been exhausted of
438
~
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 439
alkaloids is still capable of yielding an acid infusion, which is decidedly
fluorescent, but does not reveal the presence of alkaloids by the addi-
tion of alkali.)
(3) Sodium hydrate is now added to the acid liquor until distinctly
alkaline, 15°° chloroform next added, and the contents of the flask
thoroughly agitated. After the chloroform has all settled to the bot-
tom, the supernatant liquid is decanted and the chlorotormic solution
of the alkaloids transferred to a filter wetted with water. The decanted
liquid is again treated twice with chloroform, using 10°¢ each time, and
the resulting alkaloidal solutions added to the above filter. As soon as
all the aqueous fluid has fiitered through, the filter is broken and its
contents allowed to filter through a filter wetted with chloroform into a
tarred flask; this is placed on a water-bath and the contents evaporated
until the flask ceases to lose weight. This weight, plus the weight of
the alkaloids obtained from the alkaline washings of No. 1, multiplied
by 20, gives the percentage of total alkaloids.
(4) The amount of ether soluble alkaloids is obtained by treating
these two residues with 30 times their weight of ether, filtering, evapo-
rating, and multiplying the weight of the residue by 20.
ANALYSES OF CINCHONA BARKS.
440
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1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 443
NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
By GEORGE H. BOEHMER.
(With five plates. )
In the section of Naval Architecture in the United States National
Museum at Washington there is on exhibition the model of a boat used
in the fisheries at Séndmoére, Norway, and with slight modifications all
along the coast of Norway, from Egersund, in Lister, round the North
Cape to the frontier of Russia, a distance of about twelve hundred
geographical miles. They are called ‘ Nordlandsbaade” (Northland
boats), are described as long, narrow, and low, light and elegant, and
fit both for sailing and rowing,! and are believed by the fishermen of
that region, on account of their peculiar construction, to be more SHES
safer, and swifter in a sea way.
THE SONDMORE BOAT.
(See Plate xv.)
This boat is described as being clinker-built, and having four strakes,
except at the bow, where there are six strakes ; lower bow-plank put
on diagonally with end chamfered to fit on other planks, to which they
are nailed ; no gunwales; strengthening pieces along the inside next to
upper strake; heavy timbers; boat entirely open; six thwarts; five
rowlocks ; deep keel, curving up like a sled-runner at each end to form
stem and stern posts, which are high; bottom slightly concave, with
much dead rise, being nearly straight to top of upper strake; ends
sharp and very flaring; small rudder; peculiar-jointed tiller; single
mast, stepped amidships, with strong rake; four shrouds aside, with
toggles on lower ends that pass through beckets at the boat’s side;
single lugsail, with narrow head, tacks down to stem.
The rowlocks of all the Northland boats, from the most ancient to the
present Norwegian fishing craft, exhibit the same general model,
although they differ from one another in size and details of work. In
every case they are cut out of one piece of timber. The representation
given on next page is from a boat built at Rannefjord, in the ‘ Nord-
lands Amt,” about latitude 66 north.
They are called ‘ Keiper,” and the same term (« Keipr”) is found in
old Icelandic sagas (Fornmanna Ségur) and in the Snorre’s Edda. The
Keiper consists of a piece of wood fastened to the gunwale by wooden
pegs—in the Sdndmore boat, in the absence of a gunwale, they are
“1 Diriks and E. Saal. Ae Polboveduen ” of 1863 and 1865,
444 NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
fastened to the top plank by two iron nails—bearing an oblique pro-
longation at one end, and furnished with a loop of wicker-work rope
or leather, through which the oar is passed, and which prevents its
slipping out of the keip while rowing. These rowlocks are in Norway
considered superior to ordinary tholes, being not so liable to break as
the latter.
In some fishing craft the planks are tied to the frames by ropes
through holes in the under side of the frames and corresponding holes
or in cleats projecting from the planks.
Little, if any, change appears to have been made in northern naval
architecture, for in the Northland boats of the present day we recog-
nize the oldest forms known to us from the rock sculptures (Hellerist-
ninger, or Héllristningar) discovered in Sweden and Norway, with an
antiquity reaching far back into prehistoric times, and supposed to have
originated from 500 to 800 years before the Christian era; from boat-
shaped stone burial groups (Skibssetninger, or Stenskepper) supposed to
have been erected during the transition time from the bronze period to
the iron age in Scandinavia, and from Boat remains found at various
times and places, representing structures dating from the third to
about the ninth or tenth century of the Christian era.
I.—HELLERISTNINGER,!
or hillristningar, the picture groups of Scandinavia, engraved upon
rock and originated during the bronze age, represent in simple outline
10, Rygh: Om Helleristninger i Norge. I Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania For-
handlinger, 1873, p. 455-470. Dr. Henry Peterson: Notice sur les Pierres Sculptées
du Danemark ; in: Mémoires de la Société Royale des Antiquaires des Nord; Copen-
hague, 1877, p. 330-342. (Cited by Dr. C. Rau: Cup-shaped and other Lapidarian
Sculptures, p. 25, in—Contributions to North American Ethnology, vol. v; U.S. Geo-
graphical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region; U. 8. Department
of Interior. )
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 445
more or less equipped ships, sharp at the ends, with stem and stern
posts alike, both curved and high. The oars appear as a series of ver-
tical strokes along the sides of the ship.
Such representations have been discovered: in Denmark,' on the
capstone of a funeral chamber near Herrestrup; in the northwest of
Seeland;? on a bronze knife excavated in Ditmarsch;* in Sweden, on
a heavy diorite slab from a tumulus in Seania, called Willfarahég;* at
Kivik, Christianstad Lin, Scania;° in Bohuslin,® on the Haggeby stone
in Upland and on runic stones upon Gotland. The accompanying illus-
tration (see Plate xvi) shows a runic stone found in Alskog parish, at
Tjingvide, in the southern part of the island of Gotland. It is now
in the museum at Stockholm. At the base is a dragon-ship with only
one mast and one sail. (The illustration was taken from Paul du
Chaillu, The Land of the Midnight Sun: New York, 1882.) They occur
in Norway, along the coast as. far north as Throndhjem fjord ;7 and in
Russia, upon the southeast bank of Onega Lake,*® which is the only one
known to exist within the east Baltic regions of Russia.
Of the construction of the boats represented in these sculptures of
course nothing is known, nér do the engravings permit of any estimate
as to their dimensions, the only record handed down to us being the
outlines, which, however, are sufficient to serve in the comparison with
the lines of later structures.
A different view of the outlines of boats, supposed to have belonged
to the period at the beginning of the Christian era, and which, in form,
' Worsaae: The Primeval Antiquities of Denmark; translated by W. J. Thomas;
London, 1849, p.91. (Cited by Rau: Cup-shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures,
p. 27.) Worsaae: Nordiske Oldsager i det kongelige Museum i Kjébenhavn, fig. 171-175.
(Cited by C. Rau: Cup-shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures, p. 27.)
2C, Rau: Cup-shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures, p.27, and fig.21. Simp-
son: Archaic Sculptures, &c., ».72. (Cited by Rau, &c., p.27.) Ferguson: Rude
Stone Monuments, fig. 106, p. 303. (Cited by Rau, p.27.) Peterson, Dr. Henry: Notice.
sur les Pierres Sculptées du Danemark, p. 33%. (Cited by Rau, p. 27.)
3 Kemble: Hor Ferales, p. 228.
4Nilsson: Das Bronzealter; Nachtrag, p.42. (Cited by Rau, p. 29.) Simpson:
Archaic Sculptures, &c., p.78. (Cited by Ran, p. 29.)
5Rau: Cup-shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures, p. 30 and figs. 24. Nilsson:
Das Bronzealter. (Cited by C. Rau, p. 30.) Peterson: Notices sur les Pierres Sculp-
tées, &c. (Cited by Rau, p. 30.)
®Montelius: Bohuslinske hillristningar, Stockholm, 1876, pp. 3, 18. Rau: Cup-
shaped and other Lapidarian Sculptures, p. 30 and fig. 25. Nilsson: &c., p. 90. (Cited
by Rau, p.30.) Holmberg, A. E.: Scandinaviens Hiillristningar, Stockholm, 1848.
Aberg, Dr. Lennart: Hallristningar uti Bohusliin; in: Annaler for Nordisk Old-
kyndighed; Kjébenhavn, 1839; plate x, p. 386.
7N. Nicolaysen: Langskibet fra Gokstad ved Sandefjord. Kristiania, 1882, p. 9.
* Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, p. 86; wood-cut, fig. 4. Grewingk, C.: Ueber die in
Granit geritzten Bildergruppen am Onegasee. In: Bulletin histor. philol. de l’Acad-
émie des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg, xii, No. 7 et 8.. Schwede: Nachr. Iswestija der
geographischen Gesellschaft zu St. Petersbnre, 1850, p. 68. Grewingk, C.: Verhand-
lungen der esthnischen Gesellschaft zu Dorpui, vii, Heft 1, p. 25,
446 : NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
again resemble the Northland fishing boats of the present day, is ob-
tained from the so-called
I].—SKIBSS4TNINGER,'
(Stenskeppar, Skeppshégar, Skeppsformer ;? Schiffsetzungen; Wella-
Laiwe, Teufelsboote, or Steinschiffe)* or rows of stones set in such a
mauner as to form the outlines of boats, and which were employed for
sepulchral purposes by the Vikings.
Sweden is the center of distribution of Norske boat-shaped groups.
They occur in Bohusliin, Schonen, Blekingen, Oeland, Gotland, Nericke,
and Upland.‘ Similar structures have been found near Stralsund, Ger-
many.* and in the Baltic provinces of Courland,® and Estnish Livonia’
of Russia ®
In Courland, Russia, only seven of these positions have been dis-
covered, all being located in the diocese of Erwahlen,? and with one ex-
ception they occur in pairs, situated behind each other. The outlines
of long, narrow, and pointed vessels are represented by a single row of
stones. The stem and stern posts are shown by large bowlders, thus
indicating for these parts a considerable elevation above the bulwark
2Bidrag til Kiinnedom om Géteborgs och Bohuslins Fornminnen.
-8C, Grewingk: Die Steinschiffe von Musching und die Wella-Laiwe oder Teufels-
boote von Kurland iiberhaupt. Dorpat, 1878. Déring, J.: Die Teufelsbootevon Kur-
land. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft fiir Literatur und Kunst, 1860-1863. Mitau,
1864. Berg, C.: Notiz im Correspondenzblatt der Naturfor. Gesellsch. zu Riga, xx,
1872.
4 Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, pp. 83, 84.
5 Hagenow: In Baltische Studien der Ges. f. Pommersche Geschichte, xv, 2, p. 49.
Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, p. 82.
6Grewingk: Zur Anthropologie des Balticums und Russlands. Im Archiv fiir
Anthropologie, x, pp. 73-100 ; 297-300. Grewingk, C.: Die Steinschiffe von Musching
und die Wella-Laiwe oder Teufe!ls-boote von Kurland. Grewingk, C.: Steinalter der
Ostseeprovinzen. Dorpat, 1865, p. 45. Déring, J. : Im Sitzungsbericht der Gesellsch.
f. Literatur und Kunst. Mitau, 1864, p. 154. Berg: Im Correspondenzblatt des Na-
turforschenden Vereins zu Riga, xx, 1872, No. 7. Burchardt: In: Baltische Monats-
schrift, xxiv. Riga, 1875.
7 Sievers, Graf C.: Verhandlungen der estn. Gesellschaft zu Dorpat, viii, Heft 3,
1876. Sievers, Graf C.: Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologie,
October 1875." Sitzunysberichte der estn. Gesellschaft. May, November, December,
1876. Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, p. 79.
8Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft fiir Geschichte der Ostseeprovinzen, 1875, Riga,
1876, p. 54.
9Grewingk, C.; Die Steinschiffe von Musching und die Wella-Laiwe oder Teufels-
boote Kurlandsiiberhaupt. Dorpat, 1878. Zur Archaeologie des Balticums und Russ-
jands. Im Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, p.73. Déring: In: Sitzungsberichte der Ges.
f. Literatur und Kunst. Mitau, 1864, p. 154. Grewingk: Steinalter der Ostseeprov-
inzen, Dorpat, 1865, p. 45. Berg: In Correspondenzblatt des Naturfor. Vereins zu
Riga, xx, 1572, No. 7. Burchardt: In: Baltische Monatsschrift, xxiv, Riga, 1875,
Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, p. 75.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 447
of the. boats; excavations in the bord-stones’ indicate the rowlocks.
Their outlines are reproductions of the Upland, Higgeby, and Gotland
runic stones. The direction of the boats suggests in the construction
a general southeasterly course.
At a depth of from six inches to a foot below the surface a large
stone plate was found, serving as a cover to chests built of plates of
either natural or artificial formation. The cells of these chests were
occupied by urns composed of gravel mixed with clay but little burnt,
and containing more or less cremated human remains. The following
illustration (see Plate xvii), copied from “C. Grewingk, Die Steinschiffe
von Musching und die Wella-Laiwe oder Teufelsboote Kurlands iiber-
haupt,” shows in a the arrangement and outlines of these boat-positions ;
in b, a sectional view of one of the Musching boats, and in c, the stone
chests which have served for the reception of the cremated remains of
the dead.
Similar boats have been found in Livonia. Among them is the
Slaweek stone boat! from the shores of Little Strante Lake in the dis-
trict of Walk. It has a double row of bord-stones, from 4 to 5 feet high,
is supplied with thirteen or fourteen row-benches, and is rounded off at
stem and stern. The cremated remains of the dead had been deposited
on the level ground between the stones.
In Estnish Livonia? similar positions were found, but lying either
singly or in fours they are indicated by single rows of stones in a north-
east to southwest or east to west direction, and are rounded off at stem
and stern. They exhibit as many as eleven row-benches and some large
bowlders, possibly indicating the position of the mast.
The boat representation found near Stralsund, Germany,* was pro-
vided with a double row of bord-stones. In its interior space, obliter-
ated by digging, an empty chest of thin stone plates was found.
Among the boat representations of Sweden those in the forest of
Braidfloar on the Island of Gotland,‘ of Eds in Upland,‘ Blomsholm in
Bohuslain,* Kaseberg,? Lungersas upon Gotland,’ Raftétangen in Blek-
ingen® are the most important.
The dimensions of all these boat representations vary greatly ; they
may, however, be divided into two general groups of which the one
includes only the seven positions of Courland, while all the other boats
are included in the second group.
‘Sievers, Graf C.: Verhandlungen d. estn. Ges. zu Dorpat, viii, Heft 3, Dorpat
1876. Sievers, Graf C.: Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft fiir Anthropologie,
1875, October.
? Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, p.80. Sitzungsberichte der gelehrten estnischen Ges.
ellschaft zu Dorpat, May, November, December, 1876; January, 1878.
* Hagenow, in Baltische Studicn der Gesellschaft fiir Pommersche Geschichte, xv , 2
p. 49. Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, p. 82.
4 Archiv fiir Anthropologie, x, p. 83.
® Tbid., p. 84,
448 NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
Dimensions of boat positions.
Positions. Length. Width.
Feet. | Feet.
Erwahlen, I position, Musching, 1.....----- -----------+------------- 31 | 8
BG eee oie ei es Sale eee eee ee te tes meine eee 27 13
TI position, Lieben, 1----.--.-.-----------2------.-----.---. 25 10
Dee Scien yele saree eat oleh ents ain ie aeloeneieger te 31 10
TET position WaAGSeri el sees sete eee enter pee ie tae 50.9 14
Don Bape faeces ene cate Sees aee eens 49.0 10
EVsposition| /Nogallen; 0) 2220) < Pesta em aaa eels ae i eee 47.10 10
Slaweek boat, RUSSia ssaceee fea ses eee = oe areca se eee tere aren 140 40
INatnish) nyoniay tussle pes) see eaee 4 4s ae eee ate oe ete fea let haiti From 50 to 100 About 25
Stra Grands German yee ae ete aie oe me ee aie eel eee 130 16
Braidfloar, Gotland, Sweden .--.---.- ve3 144 16
WiplandSweden.)\e-ss-e----- = ae 182 50
Blomsholm, Bohuslin, Sweden 141 314
Kaseberg) SWedenin.- pec cco cme toe reach om mae Baie Moe isie me 212 60
III.—BoAT REMAINS.
Although the form of the earliest Northern boats has thus become
known to us, the mode of their construction, whether covered with wood
or skins, tied together with withes or sinews, may forever remain a secret.
Our first knowledge in this respect is of post-Christian boats belonging
possibly to the third century after Christ; and this knowledge was
derived from the discovery and excavation, at various times and places,
of the remains. Such discoveries were made at Ultuna,! Lackalanga,?
Borre? (near Horten, Norway), at Snape,‘ Suffolk, England (at which
place a boat was dug out, 40 feet 8 inches long, 9 feet 6 inches wide,
and 3 feet 10 inches deep, clinker built, containing, among other arti-
cles, a glass vessel with projections of a shape similar to one found in
the boat discovered at Borre, and being well known from graves of tne
latter part of the iron age in England, France, and Germany).’ Sim-
ilar finds were made in the parish of Tune, and at Gokstad, Norway,
Nydam Moss, Schleswig, Prussia,’ and other places.’
\B. E. Hildebrand, in Report of the seventh meeting of Scandinavian Naturalists,
Kristiania, 1856, appendix, p. 644.
2N. G. Bruzelius, in Annaler for Nordisk Oldkyndighed, 1858, p. 179.
’Nicolaysen, in the report for 1852 of the Society for the Preservation of Norwegian
Antiquities.
4 Davidson, in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries, London, 2d ser., vel.
ii-iv. .
5C. Roach: Smith’s Coll. Ant., vol. ii, pl. li. Cochet, Normandie Souterraine, pl. x.
6 Nicolaysen, N.: The Viking Ship discovered at Gokstad, in Norway, with a map,
10 engravings, and 13 plates. 88 pp., 4°. Kristiania, Alb. Cammermeyer. Langski-
bet fra Gokstad ved Sandefjord. Beskrevet af N. Nicolaysen. Med 1 kort, 10 tresnit,
og 13 plancher. Kristiania, 1882.
7C. Engelhardt: Denmark in the Early Iron Age. London, 1866, p. 29. Sir John
Lubbock: Prehistoric Times. Second edition. London, 1869, p. 8. Prof. Georg Ste-
phens, F. 8. A.: ‘‘Nydam Moss,” in ‘‘ The Gentleman’s Magazine,” October, 1863, new
series, vol. 15, p. 681.
8N. Fornlevn., pp. 20, 179, 245, 551. (Cfr. N. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, &c., p. 12).
Aarsber. f. Foren. t. Norske Fortidsmindesm. Bevar , 1869, 94; 1879, 292; 1880, 45.
(Cfr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, &c., p. 12.) O. Rygh: Faste fornlevn., og oldsag., i Nor-
dre og Séndre Throndhjems Amt, p. 24,1. (Cfr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, &c., p. 12.)
Skilling-Magazin, 1867, pp. 717-719, 724, 738-739. (Cfr. N. Nicolaysen, Langskibet,
&c., p. 12.) Polytekn. Tidsskrift for 1867. (Cfr. N. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, &c., p. 12.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, 449
The vessels excavated from the mound raised over them had served
as a burial place, in conformity with the Viking custom known to have
prevailed among the Northmen throughout the later centuries of pagan-
ism in Scandinavia.
This mode of burial has been of great importance to archeological
research, since it enabled us to study, from the remains thus preserved
in a more or less perfect state and brought to light by excavation, the
naval architecture of the nations among whom such customs prevailed.
The vessels excavated vary considerably in size, ranging from mere
boats of 20 feet in length to sea-going vessels with a length of keel
measuring from 40 to 60 feet. In the majority of cases the vessels had
been placed on an even keel and the remains of the dead deposited
with such articles as were to accompany the departed, after which a
mound of earth was thrown up over the grave.
The composition of the earth used in the construction of the mound,
together with other influences, had often tended to destroy the wooden
structure, and often only just enough has been found to determine the
size of the boat and its position in the mound. In many cases, too, the
wood-work had been burned with the corpse, so that no positive knowl-
edge could be obtained of the form or of the dimensions of the sepul-
chral ship.
The oldest naval relic of the early Scandinavian iron age ever dis-
covered, part of an oar, was found in the Nydam Moss, northeast of
Flensburg, in the Duchy of Schleswig, in the year 1859, and the remain-
ing part of the same oar in 1862. On August 7, 1863, the remains of a
boat were excavated; on October 18, 1863, a large and magnificent oak-
built boat was discovered, lying in the direction of the valley, from
southeast to northwest, and on October 29, 1863, a third boat, built of fir,
was found at the side of the second boat and parallel with it.
The first of these boats was in a very poor state of preservation, having
ing evidently been intentionally destroyed ; nevertheless the fragments
found and taken up displayed sufficient resemblance to the correspond-
ing parts of the second and third boats to indicate the same construc-
tion for all the three boats. The second, and best preserved boat, was
placed in the hands of Mr. Stephenson, restorer of antiquities, of Copen-
hagen, and of the restored boat the accompanying drawing (see Plate
XViii) is a representation as figured by Prof. C. Engelhard', under whose
direction the excavation of Nydam Moss had been placed by the Danish
Government.
From its close resemblance both to the ancient form as represented
in the “ Helleristninger” and to the modern Northland boat, as illus-
trated by a model of a Séudmore (Norway) boat in the United States
National Museum (previously figured and described), the description as
given by Professor Engelhard might be of interest, and I am indebted
1C. Engelhard: Denmark in the Early Iron Age. London, 1866.
Proc. N, M., 86 Zo December &, 1886.
450 NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
to Dr. Charles Rau, of the U. S. National Museum, for the loan (prob-
ably the only copy in Washington) of the work for this purpose.
‘When first discovered the boat, of course, was no longer in its-orig-
inal state. In course of time the washers of the bolts by which the
planks were fastened together had corroded; the ropes joining the outer
parts of the boat to the inner frame- work had been destroyed; the planks,
in consequence, had separated and reassumed their original shape ; the
rowlocks had fallen from the gunwale; the ribs had sunk out of their
proper places, and lay in different directions, while the stem and stern-
posts had detached themselves from the bottom plank. By degrees, as ©
the boat fell to pieces, these sank to the bottom to about the same
depth, whilst the peat, at the same time, grew up around them, cover-
ing and protecting them from destruction. The shape of the boat couid
not, therefore, be directly ascertained from the pieces found, and the
sketch was made after it had been restored to its original form in the
Museum of Northern Antiquities at Flensburg.!. No drawing, however,
can fully convey the striking impression produced by the large, sharp,
and well-built boat itself.
“The boat is 77 feet long, measured from stem to stern, and propor-
tionally rather broad in the middle, viz, 10 feet 10 inches at the bottom,
but higher and sharper at each end; it consists of eleven oak planks,
five on either side, besides the bottom plank, of which the keel forms
part, the latter being only a little more than 1 inch deep and fully 8
inches broad at the middle of the boat, gradually diminishing and at
last disappearing entirely towards the stern posts.
‘On all the planks there are perforated clamps of one and the same
piece with the planks themselves, having been left projecting when the
planks were cut out of the solid timber—a most surprising fact, con-
sidering the high development to which the smith’s art had been carried
by the people of the early iron period; a fact, too, which proves that
they must have possessed a great abundance of timber, as they would
not otherwise have wasted it to that degree, only in order to save a few
pails, or to secure the clamps so much better.
‘¢ The boat is clinker-built, the planks held together by large iron nails,
at intervals of 54 inches,? with large rounded heads outside and square
burs or washers inside. The spaces between the planks where they
overlap each other were filled up—caulked—with woolen stuff and
pitchy, sticky substance. The planks are cut from very fine pieces of
timber, the bottom plank being 46 feet 8 inches long, and all of one
piece. On both sterns, which are fixed to the bottom plank by means
ot wooden pegs, there are ornamental grooves, and each of them shows
two large holes, which, to judge from the marks of wear, most likely
1 The restored boat is now in the Musenm at Kiel, Prussia. *
2In the boat found at Snape, Suffolk, England, seven nails occupy a space of 3 feet,
which corresponds with the Nydam boat as stated by Engelhard.
1386.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 451
have served to pass the ropes through when the boat was to be hauled
ashore. The ribs, which give the boat its shape, are mostly in their
natural crooked and irregularly bent shape, and rest on the clamps pro-
jecting from the planks, which form regular rows across the boat, those
on one plank corresponding exactly to those on the next. The ribs have
perforations corresponding to the clamps, through which bast ropes
were passed, tying planks and ribs together. This is again a fact highly
surprising in a nation familiar with the use of iron, and able to work it
so well, as their damascened swords prove that they could. At the
same time it is possible that a loose connection between the frame- work
and the planking of the boat served to give more elasticity to the sides,
and that the boats built in this manner went through the surf and great
waves easier than those more strongly built.
‘On the gunwale were fixed the rowlocks, which, although made on
the same general model, yet all differed from one another in size and in
the details of the work. They were tied to the gunwale by means of
bast ropes, and in this case, too, it might seem surprising that for fix-
ing such important pieces as the rowlocks recourse should have been
had to such weak fastenings, which must so often hove required to be
renewed.
“ But this method had at the same time the advantage of rendering it
possible to turn them, when necessary, and row the boat in the opposite
direction, particularly as both ends of the boat are so exactly alike
that it is difficult to say which is the prow and which is the stern. It
is true that the width of the boat at the fourth rib is a few inecbes
greater than at the fifteenth rib, which corresponds to it at the other
side; but this difference is so small that it was probably not inten-
tional, and the boat has no doubt been designed to shoot through the
waves with equal speed, whichever way it was rowed. Its shape, there-
fore, in some respects, reminds us of Tacitus’ description of the ships
of Suiones'. For their ships differed entirely from those of the Romans,
particularly in this, that the stems were exactly alike, so that, which-
ever wav they were rowed, they had a prow fit for resisting a collision
or for landing; and, besides, the ships of the Suiones had no sails.
Tacitus further says of these boats, that their oars were not fixed in a
row along the sides, but were loose, as in certain craft used on rivers,
and could be put into the water on either side, as might be required ;
but this part of the description would not apply to the boats found at
Nydam, for on them the oars were passed through loops of rope tied
to the rowlocks, on which the marks of wear by the oars are still
quite visible; they could not be turned the other way without loss of
time and labor, nor would it be possible to back the oars for any length
of time, or with sufficient precision, when they are thus tied to the row-
locks.
* tGermanica C., 44.
A452 NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
‘At the side, about 10 feet distant from the stern, the rudder was
discovered.! Its length is 9 feet 7 inches, and near the middle it has
a hole, through which a rope may have been passed for the purpose
of tying it to the side of the boat. Just below this hole there is a
little cushion of wood fixed with three wooden pegs, intended to pro-
tect the rudder from injury by knocking or grating against the side of
the boat, and at the top end there is a loose piece with two handles.
“This is the most ancient form of rudder known. Rudders quite
similar to this in shape and construction may be seen on many representa-
tions of ships of classic times, and always on the right-hand [*starboard” |
of the steersman. Lateral rudders were retained down to a rather late
period, and are represented, for instance, on the Bayeux tapestry of
the middle of the XI century; in the bas-relief over the door of the
Leaning Tower at Pisa, built in the XII century, &c.
‘‘This kind of rudder must have been in use even after the middle of
the XIII century, for in contracts concerning ships to be built for Louis
XI the builders promise to furnish them with two rudders. It was
only at the close of the XIII century that the side rudder was sup-
planted by the hinged rudder now in use.’
‘‘ The thwarts were strengthened by two angular boards underneath,
and supported by three perpendicular pieces of wood. Only in one
place, by the middle thwart, these boards were tolerably well pre-
served, but even there the ends were so soft as not to admit of any
very complete examination, and it remains uncertain in what way they
were fixed to the sides of the boat. A wicker-work mat covered the
bottom of the boat. * * * The fir boat was tolerably complete when
first. discovered, and its different parts were brought on shore during
the next following day after it had been laid bare and the contents
taken out, on the 27th of October, 1863. In order to protect the timber
_of this boat until the restoration of the oak boat was finished it was
covered over with peat, but before anything could be done to save it
the country was occupied by hostile armies, in the spring of 1864. * * *
Since then parts of it have been carried away, and the last remnant
will probably soon be destroyed and disappear.
“* * * The bottom plank was about 51 feet 4 inches long, and
ended in two points, which probably have carried long and pointed iron
spurs; if so, these spurs must have been under water. The side planks
have clamps ornamented with moldings, and cut out of the same piece
of timber as the planks, just as in the two oak boats. The shape of the
rowlocks is somewhat different, and they have tormed a continuous row
along the gunwale.
1 Tt will be observed in the representations of the Nydam boat that the positions of
rudder and rowlocks do not correspond ; in fact, that the rudder is located near the
stem. It is, however, conjectured that this apparent misrepresentation is intentional
to better illustrate the methods of fastening.
2A. Jal, Archéologie Navale, passim; Smith’s Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 453
‘In this boat, as in the oak boat, the planking was tied to the ribs by
ropes passing through the holes in the clamps, and the principle of
construction was the same; the great peculiarity of the fir boat being
the terminal prolongations of the bottom plank, which probably have
carried iron points—a dangerous weapon of attack, equally fit for sink-
ing an enemy’s vessel or holding it firm while being boarded.
“As in the oak boat, the bottom was covered by a mat of wicker-
work. In several places the timber had cracked, and been repaired
by patches of wood. On their inner surface there are vestiges of the
caulking material, consisting of woolen woven stuff, and a pitchy kind
of substance similar to that used for fixing the feathers on the arrows.
“The boats here described I consider to have been merely rowing-
boats, not destined to carry sails, and in forming this opinion I rely
principally on the fact that neither masts nor any signs of rigging has
been discovered, nor any arrangement in the boats for fixing the neces-
sary ropes. It is true that in the middle of the bottom plank of the
oak boat, as well as of the fir boat, there is a hole of about 14 inches
diameter; but these holes are too small to have carried masts, and may
have served for letting out water when the boats were hauled on shore,
as was probably the case at the beginning of the winter.
“* * * As Ihave stated before, the oak boat had been intention-
ally sunk by means of large holes cut in one of its sides below water-
mark; at the same time it had been caused to lean over on that side
which was nearest the shore, that is, on the northeastern side. Besides
this, the stem-posts had in course of time detached themselves from the
bottom plank, leaving a large opening at each end. All these cireum-
stances had necessarily caused a great part of the contents of the boat
to float or drift out of it. But a part remained, and showed, in several
respects, an intentional arrangement, objects of the same kind being
accumulated into heaps at particular places.
«* * * In Nydam, Roman denarii were discovered, embracing
the period from 69 to 217 of our era, and of the following emperors and
empresses: Vitellius (1), Hadrian (1), Antoninus Pius (10), Faustina
the Elder (4), Marcus Aurelius (7), Faustina the Younger (1), Lucius
Verus (2), Lucilla (2), Commodus (5), and Macrinus (1). The latest of
these coins was minted in A. D. 217.)
“They give us an approximate date for the objects with which they
were found. Allowing some time for their transport from southern
countries, the deposit in our peat bogs cannot have taken place before
about the middle of the third century.
“All the known coins from discoveries of this age—from mosses, graves,
and chance finds—are of the first three centuries of the Christian era;
-10bs: Laureate head. Imp[erator] C[aius] M[areus] Opel[ius] Se s[erus] Macri-
nus Avg[ustus]. Rev: Pont{ifex] Max[imus] Tr[ibunitia] P[otestate] Co[n]s[ul]
P[ater] Platrie]. Jupiter standing, a spear in his left hand, and the thunderbolt
in his right.
454 NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
the latest known is of Macrinus (A. D. 217). Among them, coins of
the Antonines are of most frequent occurrence.”
Two representatives of Viking naval architecture, dating from the
period extending from the year 800 to 1050 after Christ, are preserved in
the Archeological Museum of the Royal Frederiks University at Christi-
ania, Norway, and in these we again observe the same beautiful and
graceful lines exhibited both in the Norwegian fishing-boats of the
present day and in the rude drawings and other representations of boats
previously described. One of these boats, the
TUNE SHIP,
was excavated from a mound in the parish of Tune, Norway, between
the Christiania fjord and the Swedish frontier. In conformity with the
Viking customs, it had served as a burial place, and although much of
the wood had become decayed, and in addition to this, the sepulchre
had previously been disturbed, it afforded much information, as an
actual relic, of the character of the vessels belonging to the Viking
period. The management of the excavation was intrusted to the skillful
hands of Mr. O. Rygh.!
Commodore H. Miiller, of the Norwegian navy, in his book,” revised
by the historian, Prof. P. N. Munch, states “that the long-ships, in the
peculiar sense of the word, must have been ordinarily clinker-built,”
and this statement is confirmed in the Tune ship, which is built entirely
of oak, and is composed of keel, stem and stern posts, frames, timbers,
beams, knees, and planking.
The keel, with a length of 454 feet, is fixed to the stem and stern
posts; the width of the boat amidships is 143 feet.
The frames, 13 in number, are united by cross-beams, and are not
fixed to the keel, but lie free above it. On the top of the frames, fitted
on to the overlying limbs of the knees and their continuations, rest the
ends of the beams, thus forming a ledge for the ends of the bottom
boards to rest in. The knees are attached to the beams.
The planks, 12 in height, are laid in the same manner as in our present
yachts and boats, each upper plank projecting a little over the edge of
the lower one. Only the bottom plank and the two top planks were
fastened with iron nails, the former to the keel, the latter to the knees;
all the intervening ones, though fastened to each other by bolts of iron,
riveted together, having been tied to the frames by bast ropes through
holes iv the under side of the frames and corresponding holes or in cleats
projecting from the planks. Thethickness of the planking differs, being
in the lower ones almost that of the two top planks. The tightening
of the joints was effected by means of a thin layer of oakum made of
cow’s hair.
1 Skillings Magazin, 1867, p. 717-719, 724, 738-739. (cfr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet
etc., p.12.) Polytekn. Tidsskrift, for 1867. (efr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, p. 12.)
2S¢krigshistoriens vigtigste Begivenheder, p. 1. (efr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, etc.,
p. 14.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 455
The rudder had a fixed position somewhat before the stern-post on
the right side of the vessel. The helm consisted of a plank in the
shape of a broad oar, the lower portion of which, in the middle, was
provided with a round hole, through which it was fastened to the side
of the boat by means of a rope, while its short round upper neck was -
caught by a grummet. A small aperture in the opposite direction of
the blade was made for the tiller in the upper part of the neck. The
rudder was mounted with iron,! to which one or more cramps were
added down towards the heel of the rudder.
The mast? is set in an opening made in a large block of oak fixed
above the mid-frames of the vessel; over this is a large grooved block
to admit the beams. The aperture extended at the same breadth a
considerable distance sternward in order to facilitate the raising and
lowering. In the fore it is supported against a projecting knot of the
wood, so that there is a space between the mast and the side of the slot
in the mast-block.
The most recent excavation of Viking naval architecture,
THE GOKSTAD SHIP,
(See Plate xix.)
was made in 1880, by Mr. Nicolaysen, president of the Norwegian Arch-
evlogical Society, at Gokstad, near the town of Sandefjord, west of the
mouth of the Kristiania fjord, and a short distance from the head of
a small frith. This ship, fully described by Mr. Nicolaysen,’ as well as
that from Tune, belongs to the Archeological Museum of the Royal
Frederiks University at Kristiania, and of the same I now give the
description, verbatim, as obtained while viewing these interesting relies
on occasion of a recent visit to Norway.
The ship measures 67 feet along the keel and 79 feet 4 inches from
bow to stern (extreme measure); the width amidships is 17 feet; and
its depth amidships, from keel to top of bulwark, 4 feet.
The ship is entirely of oak, clinker-built, the boards connected with
iron nails and the seams caulked with oakum made of cow’s hair spun
into three-stranded cord. The connection of the plank with the frames
is effected in the same peculiar manner asin the Tune ship. In the top
sides only have nail fastenings been used, part of wood and part of
iron; elsewhere the plank and frames are tied together through holes in
the under side of the latter and corresponding holes in cleats which
project from the planking. The cleats and the plank are in one piece
In this vessel the plank is fastened to the frames with ties made of the
1 Bergens Bylov, ix, p.18. (cfr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, p. 19.)
?Skillings Magazin, 1867, p.717. (cfr. Nicolaysen, Langskibet, p. 20.)
3 The Viking ship, discovered at Gokstad, in Norway. With a map, 10 engravings,
and 13 plates; 88 p.,4°. Kristiania, Alb. Cammermeyer, 1882. Langskibet fra Gok-
stad ved Sandefjord. Beskrevet af N. Nicolaysen. Med 1 Kort 10 Tresnit og 13
Plancher. Kristiania, Alb. Cammermeyer, 1882.
456 NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
tough roots of trees. Such mode of fastening was possibly adopted to
counteract the injurious effect of expansion and contraction in the wood
when alternately wet and dry.
The planking has an average thickness of about 1 inch. The scant-
ling, however, is not uniform throughout; thus the tenth strake from
the keel is almost twice as thick, but somewhat narrower, and the four-
teenth from the keel, that in which holes are cut for the oars, about 14
inch thick.
This ship, as indeed was the case with even the largest vessels of the
Viking period, had both oars and canvas to propel her, and there has
been only one mast. The mast was frequently lowered; for instance,
when rowing against a head wind or when preparing for battle. The
peculiar arrangement of ponderous beams at the step of the mast serves
to facilitate raising and lowering; it affords, too, an excellent support,
which, with the extreme lightness of the ship’s scantlings could hardly
in any other manner have been given to the mast. This method of fix-
ing the mast is exactly similar to that adopted in the Tune ship; nay,
the ornamental form given to the top beam, which has the ends mod-
eled so as to represent the tail of a fish, is the same in both. When
stowed away, the mast was perhaps laid on the stanchions, which are
provided with cross bars, placed fore and aft, and fastened at the bottom
of the vessel to beams having the ends, like the block at the step of the
mast, cut into the shape of a fish’s tail. Moreover, when the mast was
down, the said cross-bars may also have had to support the yard, a
very heavy spar compared to the size of the vessel, which, as still usual
in many coasting craft from the northern districts of Norway, certainly
carried only one sail (a large square sail). In this manner her mast
and yard could be stowed away without incommoding the crew. Frag-
ments only remaining of the mast, its entire length cannot be accurately
determined.
The oars, of which several have been preserved, are about 20 feet
long, the length varying slightly according as they had to be served
amidships or at the extreme ends of the vessel. They have been plied
through holes bored in the third strake from the top, and provided on
the inside with sliding covers, which, wheu the oars were unshipped,
could be pushed over the holes to prevent the sea from entering. The
oars have been passed through the holes from inboard, and hence there
is a notch cut in the edge of the hole for the blade. No trace can be
discovered of thwarts or seats for the oarsmen.
From the number of holes the vessel is shown to have carried 16 oars
on either side. As many as 32 men would thus have been required to
serve the oars alone, and the ship must therefore have had a comple-
ment of not less than 40 hands, even with only one man to each oar and
the oarsmen not rowing by turns.
There was no deck, only loose boards resting on shoulders cut in the
frames. These boards, particularly in the midship section, are placed
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 457
at some distance from the bottom, thus affording space for stowing
away beneath them a good many of the articles belonging to the ship
or to the crew, but no accommodation for the men. To provide some
protection against the weather it was customary in the ships of that
period to stretch a tent-cloth above some part of the vessel, under which
most of the hands could find shelter. In the ship discovered at Gokstad
were found the four supports of such a tent, together with fragments
of the cloth and the cords. The supports are heavy boards, 11 feet 8
inches (3.5 meters) in length, finely carved at the upper extremities to
represent the head of some animal, and in part painted. They had
been placed obliquely, so as to form two crutches, one at each end of
the tent, with the carved heads projecting, and connected together by
the pole, or rather transverse bar of the tent, which thus formed a
gable-ended roof, extending fore and aft from the pole to the rail of the
ship. The tent-cloth is made of a rather fine woolen texture, white,
with broad red stripes sewed on; the cords for fastening it are hemp.
The pieces of ship’s rope, of which a good many were found, are all
made of bast.
The rudder is hung by a rope a little forward of the stern-post, on the
right-hand side, as usual in all vessels of the Viking period, and long
after—down, indeed, to the XIV century (hence “starboard”). The
method of fastening and guiding this ancient style of side-rudder was
not satisfactorily known previous to the discovery of the Gokstad ship.
Of the numerous articles of antiquarian value found in or about the
ship, more or less perfectly preserved, the following deserve special
mention:
a. Fragments of three oak boats that had been broken up previous
to being deposited in the vessel, and no part of which, with the excep-
tion of the keel, can now be put together. Like the ship, they were ,
clinker-built, but instead of holes for the oars they have rowlocks of a
peculiar form, fastened to the gunwale. Two of the boats have cer-
tainly carried a mast. Their size has been comparatively considerable,
the keel of the largest boat measuring 22 feet 4 inches in length, and
that of the smallest 14 feet. Several of the oars belonging to the boats
are preserved ; they exactly resemble those used for rowing the ship.
b. The stock of the anchor; being of iron, it had almost corroded
away.
c. A Janding-stage, or gangway, 25 feet long, but only 20 inches
wide. It has the upper surface transversely ribbed, to give a secure
footing.
d. Fragments of sleeping berths, at least four. These berths, a
couple of which have been restored, are of much the same shape as the
bedsteads now in use among the Norwegian peasantry. They are very
low and put together so as to be readily taken to pieces and stowed
away.
458 NORSK NAVAL ARCHITECTURE.
e. Parts of a wooden chair, finely carved, that would appear to have
been the high seat of the chieftain or commander of the vessel. The side
pieces—in an excellent state of preservation—are modeled at the top
to represent the heads of animals, in precisely the same style as the
upper end of the tent-supports.
jf. A great variety of kitchen utensils, among which were a very
large and massive copper kettle, together with the iron chain, grace-
fully wrought, for suspending it over the fire; bits of a smaller kettle,
of iron, and of the chain belonging to it; numerous tubs and buckets
of different sizes; wooden plates ; several small, finely carved wooden
drinking-cups, with handles; and many other articles. No trace of a fire-
place can be discovered in the ship, nor would it, indeed, have been easy
to provide cnein an open vessel of this kind. Hence, the cooking uten-
sils were only of service while coasting, when a harbor could at any
time almost be gained; and in those days a ship kept near the shore
whenever possible.!
Something remains to be said of the tomb in which this vessel was |
discovered, and to which we are indebted for her preservation.
The barrow was very large, of the usual circular form. The ship had
been interred in the middle, on her keel, decorated with shields hung
close together along the rail on both sides of the vessel. This was a
general custom in Norway till late in the Middle Ages, when dressing a
ship on festive occasions, and corresponded to the decking out of a ves-
sel with flags in our times. ‘A few of these shields have been success-
fully restored and placed in position. They are of wood, circular in
shape, 36 inches in diameter, but extremely thin, with a boos of iron in
the center, and plated at the rim with narrow strip of the same metal.
A large grave-chamber of wood is built in the middle of the ship
from the mast towards the stern. It has the form of a gable-roof, the
sides consisting of round logs, and the gable-ends of planks placed on
end. In this chamber the remains of the dead were deposited, unburnt,
and no doubt on a bed, fragments of a bedstead having been found in
the chamber.
Unfortunately, this ship-tomb had been visited by grave-robbers, in
all probability during the pagan era. They have dug into the mound
on the port side, and gained access through a large opening which they
cut in the ship’s side and the wall of the grave-chamber. This accounts
for the fact, that the bones of the body had nearly all disappeared ;
that in the chamber there were but few articles of antiquarian value
compared with what it might reasonably have been expected to contain;
and in particular, that no implement of war was to be found. Mean-
1 Nicolaysen, Langskibet, etc., p. 23, says: ‘ The cooking could only be done on land,
which is presupposed in the municipal law of Bergen (1276), where it is enacted that
the mate shall, whensoever the ship lies at anchor in harbcr, cause the crew to be
put on shore and backward once a day, but the cook thrice, once to take in water
and twice to prepare food.”
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 459
while, the miscellaneous character of that still remaining gives reason
to infer that a manifold collection of weapons, ornaments, and utensils
had originally been deposited. Thus, several iron fish-hooks and a
turned draughtsman of horn were found in the grave-chamber. The
most remarkable of the remaining articles are two ornamental mount-
ings for belts or straps, one of gilded bronze, beautifully executed in a
peculiar and characteristic style, and the other of lead. Of wearing
apparel belonging to the deceased a few small fragments were found,
some of gold brocade.
A great number of animals must have been sacrificed on the ocea-
sion of this burial. The bones of at least 12 horses and 6 dogs, as also
the bones and feathers of a pea-fowl, were collected from different parts
of the mound.
The various articles of antiquarian value found in the barrow, to-
gether with the style of ornamentation in the carving of different parts
of the ship, sufficiently attest the correctness of the inference concern-
ing her antiquity which the mere fact of entombing a vessel in itself
entitles us to draw, namely, that she belongs to the period extending
from the year 800 to 1050 after Christ.
Mr. Nicolaysen in his description of this boat says:! ‘That there may
yet be found in many parts of our country, near its sea coast, tumuli
containing ships in tolerable preservation, is by no means improbable ;
though this can only occur when the under-ground is blue clay; but any
larger or better appointed vessel can scarcely be found. Still, it is not
impossible that one may yet be brought to light whose exceptionally
careful conservation will enable us to elucidate that which in the Gok-
stad ship is still wanting, and specially show the height of the posts and
the form and fixing of the oarsmen’s benches in our ancient vessels.
Certain, nevertheless, it is that we shall not disinter any craft which,
in respect of model and workmanship, will outrival that of Gokstad.
For, in the opinion of experts, this must be deemed a masterpiece of
its kind, not to be surpassed by aught which the shipbuilding craft of
the present age could produce. Doubtless, in the ratio of our present
ideas, this is rather a boat than a ship; nevertheless, in its symmetrical
proportions and the eminent beauty of its lines is exhibited a perfec-
tion never since attained, until, after a much later but long and dreary
period of clumsy unshapelimess, it was once more revived in the clipper-
built craft of our own country.”
'Nicolaysen, Langskibet, etc., p. 71.
A NEW LAND SHELL FROM CALIFORNIA, WITH NOTE ON SELE-
NITES DURANTI, NEWCOMB.
By WILLIAM G. MAZYCK.
Selenites czelata Mazyck.
Shell small, depressed, brownish horn-color, with very coarse, rough,
crowded, sub-equidistant, irregular ribs, which are obsolete at the apex;
whorls 4, rounded, somewhat inflated below, gradually increasing, the
last not descending at the aperture; suture impressed; umbilicus wide,
clearly exhibiting all of the volutions; aperture almost circular, slightly
oblique; peristome simple, its ends approaching and joined by a very
thin, transparent, whitish callus, through which the ribs are distinctly
seen.
Greater diameter 4™™; height 13™™.
Santa Barbara, California, Dr. L. G. Yates.
Hayward’s, Alameda County, California, W. H. Dall, U. S. National
Museum.
Selenites Duranti Newcomb.
Helix Duranti Newe.: Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., iti, 118, 1864.
Patula Duranti Tryon, Am. Jour. Conch., ii, 263, pl. iv, fig. 53, 1866.
Hyalina Duranti Binney & Bland, Ld. F.-W. Sh., i, 37, fig. 49, 1869.
Macrocyclis Duranti W. G. Binney, T. M., v. 94, 188, Manual Am. L. Sh., 83,
fig. 49, 1885.
Newcomb’s description of this little shell is as follows:
‘Shell depressed, discoidal, pale corneous, under the lens minutely
striated, opaque, broadly and perspectively umbilicated ; whorls 4, the
last shelving but not descending (at the aperture) ; suture linear; aper-
ture rounded, lunate, lip simple, the external and internal approach-
ing.
“‘ Habitat.—Santa Barbara Island.”
Tryon repeats this description, adding the words “ Spire not at all
elerated, perfectly plane above.” His figure is very poor indeed, and
shows little more than simply the size of the shell.
Mr. Binney’s description, which is repeated in each of his works above
named, differs in this important particular: For Neweomb’s “ Under the
lens minutely striated,” he substitutes the contradictory words ‘ with
very coarse, rough striz.” In a note written in answer to an inquiry ad-
dressed to him regarding this singular discrepancy, he says: *“ My
description and figure are fiom an individual, not from the species.
I am absolutely sure my specimen was one of the original find.” His
figure, drawn by Morse, rather represents a comparatively smooth, semi-
transparent shell.
460
;
i
| 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 461
The figure given below was drawn from a specimen received from Mr.
Binney, which agrees closely with Newcomb’s diagnosis, and with speci-
| mens in the Smithsonian collection received from Newcomb himself.
|
Selenites celata Mazyck. Selenites Duranti Newcomd. _
Selenites celata, described above, is about the size of, but differs ma-
terially from, this species in its general outline, being more nearly cir-
cular and of greater height, S. Duranti being, as emphasized by Tryon,
“mot at all elevated, perfectly plane above,” with the aperture trans-
versely sub-oval, as Newcomb says, “rounded, lunate.” But S. celata
is somewhat convex below, has the spire sufficiently elevated to dis-
tinctly show each whorl when viewed from the side, and its aperture is
almost circular. The most marked difference is, however, in the sculp-
ture—S. Duranti being minutely striated while S. celata is covered, ex-
cept at the apex, with heavy, coarse, rough ribs, presenting, in this re-
spect, somewhat the appearance of some forms of Patula alternata, Say,
by which feature it differs utterly from any of its congeners. Itis a
much thicker shell than S. Duranti.
Note By W. H. DALu.—Helix celata of Studer, a European species
related to H. (Trichia) hispida, belongs to a totally different group, and
cannot affect the validity of Mr. Mazyck’s specific name.
NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF FISHES FROM THE ESCAMBIA
RIVER, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF ZYGO-
- NECTES (ZYGONECTES ESCAMBI£).
By CHARLES H. BOL LWIAN.
In the month of March, 1886, a small collection of fishes was made
in the Escambia River. by Prof. David 8S. Jordan and a company of stu-
dents from the Indiana University, the present writer being one of the
number. f
About half of the species mentioned, comprising the smaller ones,
were obtained at Flomaton, Ala.; either in the river at that point
or in a Small sluggish stream or gutter, which flows through the street
of Flomaton, and enters the river about half a mile below the village.
The rest of the collection, comprising the larger species, was obtained
from fishermen, who caught them near the mouth of the river. The
specimens studied are in the museum of the Indiana University, and
duplicates of most of them have been sent to the United States Na-
tional Museum.
1. Brimyzon sucetta Lacépéde.
Two specimens.
2. Minytrema melanops Ratinesque.
One male obtained from a fisherman at Flomaton.
3. Notropis venustus stigmaturus Jordan.
Common in the river at Flomaton.
4. Notropis xenocephalus Jordan.
_Commoninthetiver. Thisand theabovespecies were called + roaches”
by a fisherman.
5. Ericymba buccata Cope.
Two specimens obtained in the river.
6. Notemigonus chrysoleucus bosci Uny. & Val.
Specimens obtained from smacks that fished near the mouth of the
river.
7. Clupea chrysochloris Rafinesque.
A few specimens obtained.
8. Clupea sapidissima Wilson.
Two large specimens obtained. I find no material difference between
these and northern specimens of the shad.
9. Dorosoma cepedianum Le Sueur.
Several specimens obtained.
462
ee ee
SR a a et
oR a hate
a
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 463
10. Zygonectes escambie, sp. nov. (No. 37994, U.S. N. M.)
Body elongate, moderately stout, compressed posteriorly ; back
slightly elevated ; caudal peduncle moderate.
Head moderate, flat above, broad between the eyes; eyes large, 3
in head; mouth moderate; jaws armed with an outer series of rather
long and slender teeth, behind which is a band of smaller teeth. Scales
moderate.
Dorsal fin short and small, its height 2 in head, its insertion opposite
that of the anal in the female, but a little more posterior in the male;
anal short, rather high, 14 in head, ventrals just reaching vent, nearly
2 in head; pectoralis 14 in head.
General color in life orange-brown, each scale with a black edge, these
forming distinct longitudinal stripes. Upper surface of head dark;
jaws, opercles, and area in front of eyes bright orange; suborbital region
jet black; area above opercle extending across back orange, suffused
with dusky. Under partsorange. All the fins dusky. In the females
the spots on the scales are more suffused.
Head 3? in length; depth nearly 5
D.6o0r7; A.8or9. Lat. 1.36; L. transv. 12.
Length of the largest specimen 45™™.
This species was found to be very common in the gutter flowing
through the town of Flomaton.
11. Zygonectes cingulatus Cuv: & Val. (No. 37995, U.S. N. M. )
Body rather short and deep , compressed posteriorly ; back elevatcd
caudal peduncle deep.
Head not large, flat, broad between the eyes; eyes moderate, 34 in
head; mouth moderate; outer row of teeth long and slender, behind
which is a band of smaller teeth; large teeth nearly equal in each jaw.
Scales large. Dorsal fin short, tan moderate, 24 in head; anal larger
than the dorsal, rays long, 2 in head; ventrals short, 23 a head ; pec-
torals 13 in head.
General color olivaceous, scales edged with dusky, forming a few
faint longitudinal stripes ; about 15 faint dark vertical bars, interspaced
with light orange, which is more plain posteriorly ; almost everywhere
numerous, small, black points. Belly orange. Fins all blood red, fad-
ing to dusky in alcohol.
Head 33 in length; depth 33. D.7; A. 8. Lat. 1.34. L. transv. 10.
Described from seven specimens taken at the same locality and in
the same ditch as the preceding. Specimens were also obtained in the
gutters of Pensacola.
These appear to be identical with the types of Fundulus cingulatus, ex-
amined by Dr. Jordan in the museum at Paris.
12. Esox reticulatus Le Sueur.
‘ Numerous young specimens obtained at Flomaton in :he gutter. Two
large ones were obtained from the fishermen, who caught them near
the mouth of the river; called “jack” by the tishermen.
464 FISHES FROM THE ESCAMBIA RIVER.
13. Pomoxis sparoides Lacépece.
A few specimens obtaine.i near the mouth of the river.
14. Chzenobryttus gulosus Cuv. & Val.
A few specimens were obtained from the same place as the above.
15. Lepomis megaiotis Rafinesque.
A few specimens were obtained in the gutter at Flomaton, while otb-
ers were seen.
16. Lepomis pallidus Mitchill.
Common.
17. Lepomis holbrooki Cuv. & Val.
Common.
18. Micropterus salmoides Lacépéde.
A few were obtained near the mouth of the river.
19: Etheostoma beani Jordan.
One large specimen obtained in the river at Flomaton.
20. Etheostoma nigrofasciatum Agassiz.
Seven small specimens were obtained in the river at the same place
as the above.
21. Etheostoma squamiceps Jordan.
Head 34 (44 in total); depth 44 (54). D. X—9. A.II,7. Seales
6-49-12.
Body rather robust, the back not elevated, the sides somewhat com-
pressed, the caudal peduncle stout. Head rather short, the snout rather
blunt, the anterior profile somewhat decurved. Snout as long as eye, 4
in head. Premaxillary not protractile.
Mouth small, oblique, the lower jaw somewhat included, the maxillary
extending to front of eye, 34 in head. Teeth rather large, close set.
Preopercle entire. Gill-membranes rather broadly united. Opercular
spine well developed. Nape, cheek, opercles and breast covered with
small scales. Body with moderate, ctenoid scales, those on belly simi-
lar. Lateral line straight, its pores wanting only on the last 4 or 5
scales.
Fins all low. Dorsal spines subequal, the longest about 34 in head.
Soft dorsal well separated from spinous dorsal, its longest rays not
quite head. Caudal fin rather large, 12 in head. Anal small, the
longest rays 12 in head, the spines small. Pectorals 14 in head; ven-
trals 14.
Color in life dusky olive, with about ten rather diffuse blackish cross-
bands, most distinct just below lateral line, along which is a longitudinal
pinkish streak. Scales above with many dark punctulations, but with
no distinct spots. A dark bar below eye, and a horizontal dark streak
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 465
through it. Both dorsals and caudal barred with black in fine pattern
as in HL. flabellare, but less distinctly. Lower fins pale. No red or blue
markings anywhere.
The number of fin rays in this specimen is different from that in the
original type of the species, with which however it seems to agree in
other respects.
A single specimen 58™™ long was taken in a gutter at Flomaton.
22. Roccus lineatus Bloch.
A specimen 18 inches long obtained from fishermen. I compared
this with a specimen 10 inches long from Washington market, and the
chief difference was in the length of the second anal spine, which was
74 in head in the former, and 5 in the latter.
The name lineatus for this species has been recently set aside in favor
of the later saxatilis or septentrionalis on the ground that the original
Scicena lineata of Bloch is the European species.
A recomparison of Bloch’s figure (Tafel 304) with the different species
of this genus convinces me that the present species was intended. The
name lineatus must therefore stand. In this view Professor Jordan now
concurs.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, September 20, 1886.
Proc. N. M. 86-——30 November 26, 1886.
DESCRIPTION OF SIX NEW SPECIES OF FISHES FROM THE GULF
OF MEXICO, WITH NOTES ON OTHER SPECIES.
By DAVID 8S. JORDAN and BARTON W. EVERWANN.
In the months of March and April, 1886, the writers, accompanied
by a party of students from the University of Indiana visited Pensacola,
Fla., for the purpose of making collections of fishes. Through the kind-
ness of Mr. Silas Stearns, Mr. Evermann and Mr. Charles H. Bollman
were enabled to accompany the fishing boats to the “Snapper Banks”
between Pensacola and Tampa Bay. From the “spewings” of the
Snappers and especially from those of the Red Grouper (Hpinephelus
morio) a considerable number of species were obtained, some of which
have not been included in any of the numerous similar collections
heretofore made by Mr. Stearns and Dr. Jordan.
Six species in this collection appear to be new to science. The types
of all these are in the United States National Museum.
1. Callechelys mureena, sp. nov. (No. 37996, U. 8. N. M.).
Head, 7 times in trunk, 13 times in total length, the head being
almost exactly one inch (™. .024) long, the trunk 7 (™. 175) and the tail
5 (™. 127), the whole specimen being 13 inches long, the tail proportion-
ally shorter than usual in this group.
Body stouter and more compressed than in other species of this
group, its depth at the gill opening a little more than the length of the
upper jaw, which is 3 in head. Mouth larger than in related species,
but of the same general form, the lower jaw shorter and narrower than
the upper. Eye small, not half as long as snout, placed over the middle
of the upper jaw. Nostrils labial, the anterior in a short tube, the pos-
terior without tube, and placed just before front of eye. Tip of lower
jaw extending a little before front of eye.
Teeth small, all uniserial or nearly so, all of them more or less bluntly
conical. Those in front of upper jaw larger than the others, those on
front of lower jaw and on vomer also enlarged, those on maxillary
small and nearly uniform. All the larger teeth directed more or less
backwards.
Gill-openings rather small, somewhat oblique, the distance between
them about half the height of one of them, which is a little more than
the cleft of the mouth. Dorsal fin rather high, beginning on the head
at a distance behind angle of mouth a little more than half the length
of upper jaw. Anal, well developed, but lower than the corresponding
parts of the dorsal. Tail projecting behind dorsal and anal. No trace
of pectoral fins.
Color dark olive, closely mottled and spotted with confluent blotches
of dark olive and blackish, the spots most distinct anteriorly, poste-
466
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 467
riorly confluent so that the tail is nearly plain dusky. Belly scarcely
paler. No black around gill-opening. Dorsal and anal chiefly blackish,
each with a conspicuous, narrow, pale margin.
A single specimen obtained on the Snapper Banks by Mr. Stearns.
It has little resemblance to Callechelys scuticaris (= C. teres) or to Cal-
lechelys bascanium, being much stouter and more like Murena in form
and color.
2. Steinegeria rubescens, gen. & sp. nov. (Bramide).
Head 22 in length (34 with caudal); depth 2 (24). D. XI-I, 18; A.
ii, -0; V. I, 5. Seales ca. 50—26. Length (No. 37991, U. S. N. M.) 5
inches.
Body ovate, considerably compressed, the greatest thickness a lit-
tle less than half length of head. Anterior of profile from tip of snout
to base of dorsal nearly straight. Outline of belly prominent, the
axis of body being rather nearer dorsal than ventral outline. Breast
and belly not carinate.
Head but little longer than deep, its upper surface flattish, the bones
not very firm. Interorbital space nearly flat, with two ridges, about
as broad as eye, which is 34 in head. Preorbital very narrow, some-
what cavernous, its edge sharply dentate; snout short, 5 in head.
Mouth very oblique, the lower jaw strongly projecting, the broad
maxillary reaching to below middle of eye, its length half that of the
head. Each jaw with a band of small cardiform teeth, those in front
largest, especially in the lower jaw, but all of them small. A band of
villiform teeth on each palatine bone, but none on the vomer; premaxil-
laries protractile. Lower jaw with conspicucus pores.
Preopercle forming a nearly even curve, without distinct angle. As-
cending limb of preopercle very finely serrulate, with some four or five
coarser teeth about the angle. Other opercular bones very thin, with
entire edges. Cheeks, opercles, maxillary and top of head closely covered
with scales similar to those on rest of body, but a little smaller.
Gill-rakers rather short and wide apart, 8 or 9 developed on the lower
part of the arch, the longest about one-third length of eye.
Body closely covered with membranous scales which are clogely im-
bricated, deeper than long, each with a distinct median keel besides
which are some smaller radiating ridges especially on the scales of the
sides of the body. These ridges on the scales give the body a rough
appearance, although they are not spinigerous. The keels on the seales
form continuous ridges giving the whole body a striated appearance.
Scales largest on middle of sides, becoming smaller on back and on
belly. No distinct lateral line. Fins with few scales or none.
Dorsal spines very slender and flexible, some of them ending in fila-
ments (all more or less mutilated in typical example.) Soft rays sepa-
rated from spines by a deep notch extending nearly to base of fin. Soft
dorsal elevated, the longest rays about 14 in head. Caudal lunate, its
468. NEW SPECIES OF FISHES, GULF OF MEXICO.
pedunele very short and slender. Anal fin high, its spines short and
slender, the longest ray 14 in head. No free anal spines. Ventrals in-
serted before pectorals, their length 1} in head. Ventrals not depres-
sible into a fissure of the abdomen. Pectorals 14 in head. Vent well
behind ventrals.
Color in life salmon red, rather vright and nearly uniform, darker on
back, silvery under the chin. Fins all salmon, with black areas toward
base on both dorsals and anal. Ventrals largely black. Lining of
opercles pale.
A single specimen, in fair condition, was found by Dr. Jordan in the
stomach of a Red Grouper, at Pensacola.
The species is evidently allied to Grammicolepis, Psenes, and other
genera which have been lately placed in or near the Bramide. We are
unable, however, to find any described genus in which it can be placed,
and we therefore regard it as the type of a new one, Steinegeria, the char-
acters of which are included in the foregoing account. We may regard
Steinegeria for the present as a member of the family of Bramide, though
the natural limits of that family are yet to be defined. We have named
the genus in honor of our friend, Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, of the United
States National Museum, in recognition of his most excellent work in
the field of American ornithology.
3. Serranus ocyurus, sp. nov.
(Serranus trifurcus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 273, not
Perca trifurca L.)
Very closely allied to Serranus atrarius, of which it is doubtless to
be regarded as a geographical variety.
Head 22 in length (32 in total); depth 3 (43). D. X, 11; A. II, 7.
Scales 5 to 6—50—14. Length of type (No. 37997, U. S. N. M.) 104
inches.
_ The description of Serranus trifurcus mentioned above was taken
from young examples of this species. It applies well enough to the
adult, so that a repetition is unnecessary. The type of Serranus ocyurus,
compared with the ordinary Serranus atrarius, seems to differ chiefly in
color and in the greater development of the caudal fin. There are also
some differences in the gill-rakers, in the scales on the cheek, and in the
armature of the preopercle. These differences are indicated in the fol-
lowing account :
Color pale olive, somewhat darker on the back ; each side with three
longitudinal rows of quadrate black blotches; the uppermost series
obscure, along base of dorsal fin; the second distinct, and placed just
below lateral line, the three anterior blotches of this series somewhat
confluent; the lower series very distinct, jet-black, and not confluent,
placed along side of belly, on the level of the axil of the pectoral. The
blotches in each series correspond in position to those in the other series,
so that, with dusky shades extending from one to another, they form
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 469
about seven dusky cross-bands. Some dark, inky spots on opercle and
above base of pectoral. Opercle and preopercle with dusky shades.
Chin with some dusky. Spinous dorsal plain. Soft dorsal with fine
oblique bars on a pale ground, two of the dark blotches on body extend-
ing on its base. Last ray with two or three dark spots. Caudal fin
with the middle rays black, the outer pale, all of them with darker
spots, which become black on the median rays.
Anal fin pale, slightly mottled, the tips of its rays dusky; ventrals
dusky; pectorals entirely pale.
Caudal fin with its upper and lower lobes filamentous, much produced,
the middle rays still longer, exserted for a distance nearly equal to 2
length of head, the total length of the longest ray being half the length
of the body.
Dorsal spines not filamentous, the longest 25 in head. Pectorals 12
in head, reaching a little past tips of ventrals.
Seales on cheeks a little larger than in 8S. atrarius, in about 7 rows.
Serre of preopercle smaller than in Serranus atrarius.
Gill-rakers shorter and farther apart than in Serranus atrarius, only
11 or 12 developed. (In Serranus atrarius about 20 are present.)
In spite of the striking differences in color, in which this species con-
siderably resembles the very young of 8S. atrarius, the details of form
and structure are almost identical in the two species, and the present
should probably be considered as the Gulf representative of the S.
atrarius.
4. Scarus evermanni Jordan, sp. nov.
Head 2% (34 in total); depth 28. Length of type (No. 37990, U.S. N.
M.) 3 inches.
Very close to Scarus croicensis, and similar to it in pattern of color-
ation except that the sharply-defined streaks on the sides of the breast
are in S. evermanni inky-blue, in S. croicensis whitish.
In life, the type of Scarus evermanni was bright green, olivaceous
above, paler below; the lower half of the body becoming posteriorly
more and more yellow and on the lower half of the caudal peduncle
bright light yellow; this color is brightest above front of anal.
A longitudinal band of bright crimson (fading to whitish in spirits)
on body, on level of eye, but narrower than eye and growing fainter
behind. Some crimson marks on the scales above this band forming
a faint interrupted band below lateral line. Both these bands con-
tinued on head to eye with a band of green (brown in spirits) be-
tween them. Sides of belly each with three sharply-defined lines of
indigo-black, like ink-marks, each on a row of scales; these stripes run-
ning from the breast to beyond front of anal. Nospot on base of pec-
toral. Bright green on top of head above eyes, reddish below. Caudal
fin green, its lower half yellow. Dorsal, anal, and pectorals (mutilated
in the type), apparently all green, at least at base. Ventrals yellow.
470 NEW SPECIES OF FISHES, GULF OF MEXICO
In spirits, fading to brown, with one distinet pale lateral stripe on
level of lower part of eye, and a fainter one above it. Blue-black
streaks on sides of belly not fading in alcohol. A small dark spot on
upper edge of caudal peduncle near base of caudal.
Teeth pale; no canines. Caudal fin (mutilated) apparently sub-
truncate in life. Scales on cheek in two rows. Generic characters as
in other species of Scarus (Pseudoscarus Bleeker).
The type was obtained from the stomach of a Red Grouper, off Tampa
Bay, by Mr. Charles H. Bollman.
5. Scarus bollmani, sp. nov.
Head, 3} in length (34 in total); depth, 31. Length of largest ex-
ample (No. 37993), 5 inches (125™).
Closely allied to Scarus punctulatus, S. virginalis, etc., but differing
from these in coloration.
In life, bright green, darker on the back, paler below. A broad lat-
eral band mostly below level of eye and twice width of eye, of a brilliant
orange-yellow color extending from gill-opening to opposite vent, where
it ceases almost abruptly. The upper part of this band is a yellow
streak more than half as wide as eye, and nearly on level of pupil.
This is persistent and bright yellow in alcohol, while the orange fades
to pale. Behind the vent, the side is a little brassy or yellowish, this
shade scarcely contrasting with the green ground color. There is also
in life, an ill-defined band of blood-red nearly a seale wide above and
below the ground color. Base of pectoral with a blue-black mark,
upper part of head dark green, below eye bright yellowish green, with
some bluish markings on opercle.
Caudal fin green, its outer rays blackish. Other fins injured in both
the typical examples, the dorsal bright green at base, ventrals pale.
Teeth pale. Two small blunt posterior canines in upper jaw, near
angle of mouth. Gaudal short, almost truncate, the middle rays a little
‘shorter than outer ones. Two rows of scales on cheek.
Generic characters as in other species of Scarus (Pseudoscarus Bleek-
er).
Two specimens were obtained from stomachs of Red Groupers (Epi-
nephelus morio), the first one by Mr. Charles H. Bollman, off Tampa Bay.
The second was sent later by Mr. Stearns. The latter is especially the
type of the foregoing description and is numbered 37993 on the Fish
Register of the U. S. National Museum.
6, Prionotus roseus, sp. nov.
(Prionotus scitulus (not type) Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882,
228, specimen from Pensacola. )
Head, 33 in length (4 with caudal); depth, 6 (74). D.X —12; A.
12. Scales (transverse series) 65-70 ; pores in lateral line 60-65. Length
of type (No. 37989, U. S. N. M.), 64 inches.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 471
Allied to Prionotus scitulus. Body quite slender, little compressed,
narrowed above, the width of the nape between the occipital spines being
about one-fifth the head. Head quite short, and rather high, the eyes
prominent, so that the anterior profile forms a sharp angle at front of
eye, and is somewhat concave. Snout rather narrow, 2% in head, its tip
somewhat emarginate. Edges of snout finely serrulate and without
spine. Surface of bones of the head comparatively smooth, the small
granulations arranged in distinct, fine, radiating stric.
Mouth small, the thaxillary 34 in head, the mandible not quite
reaching front of orbit. Band of palatine teeth narrow.
Eye moderate, 54 in head. (Apparently a slight cirrus above it, on
one side, in typical example; possibly a result of mutilation.) Inter-
orbital space narrow, deeply concave, its least width 74in head. Orbital
rim considerably elevated, both in front and behind, its edge granular-
serrate. A shallow groove across top of head behind orbital rim, which
does not end in a distinet spine. Occipital ridges weak, the inner pair
without spines, the outer with short ones which reach somewhat beyond
front of dorsal. Temporal region with an elevated roughish ridge, but
without distinct spine. Preopercle with a single moderate spine, which
has no smaller one at its base, either in front or below. Opercular
spines small and sharp. Humeral spine moderate. No trace of spines
on suborbital or preorbital, the head being provided with but five pairs
of spines, including the humeral spine. Membranous flap of opercle
sealy. Gill-rakers short and thickish, about eight developed, these
little longer than the interspaces, and not half length of pupil, and
nearly half as broad as high.
Scales small, those on the breast much reduced in size, about 12 be-
tween occiput and dorsal.
Spinous dorsal high, the first spine serrulate in front, shorter than
the second, which is 12 in head. (Second dorsal and anal mutilated.)
Caudal unequally and slightly lunate, the lower lobe the longer, 14 in
head. Pectoral reaching nearly to last rays of dorsal, a little more
than half length of body. Ventrals as long as head.
Coloration in spirits, grayish, unspotted, more dusky above. Dorsal
dusky, with no very distinct markings. Caudal fin yellowish, marbled
at base with dusky, its tip black. Pectorals mostly black. Lower fins
pale.
In life the specimen was chiefly pinkish red, which color still persists
on the inside of the opercles.
The type of this species was taken from the “spewings” of Red
Groupers, off Tampa Bay, by Mr. C. H. BolJman. Mangled remains of
others have been received from Mr. Stearns, and have been regarded
by us as belonging to P. scitulus, but that species is not yet certainly
known to occur in this region.
Aue NEW SPECIES OF FISHES, GULF OF MEXICO.
Besides the species above described as new, the following may be
worthy of mention:
7. Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers).
Torpedo brasiliensis Olfers, Torped., p. 19, tab. ii, fig. 4; Duméril, Hist. Poiss.,
514, pl. ii, figs. 3 and 3a, 1865 (Antilles and Brazil); Gray, Cat. Chond.
Brit. Mus., 102; Gtinther, viii, 453, 1870 (Paré; Caribbean Sea; Cuba;
Jamaica); Henle, Narcine, 31, tab. i, figs. 1 and 2, 1834 (Rio Janeiro);
Miiller and Henle, Plag., 129; Kner, Novara, Fisch., 418; Goode and Bean,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 240; Bean and Dresel, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 1884, 170; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 11% 1385.
Torpedo bancroftii Griffith, Cuvier, Animal Kingd., x, pl. 34, 649, 1834.
Narcine brasiliensis Duméril, Rev. Zool., 1852, 272.
Narcine brasiliensis corallina Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zéol., xi, 234, 1881;
Jordan and Gilbert, Synopsis, 877, 1882; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1884, 149; Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., ii, 1885.
Narcine nigra, Duméril, Rev. Zool.,1852, 276 ; Duméril, Hist. Poiss., 515, pl. 11,
figs. 4 and 4a, 1865 (Brazil).
Torpedo pictus Gronew, Cat. Fish, Ed. Gray, 13, 1854 (Antilles and American
Ocean).
Narcine umbrosa Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, 105, 147 (Key West);
Jordan, Cat. Fish. N. A., 11, 1885.
From an examination of the material at hand we are convinced that
the synonymy of this species should stand as here given. Three speci-
mens in the museum of the Indiana University show three distinct
styles of coloration, and no other constant differences being observable,
they would seem to be specimens of different ages of one and the same
species.
Specimen No. 2987, 6, ten inches long, from Key West, is one of the
two specimens upon which Dr. Jordan based his description of NW. wm-
brosa. The coloration as then given by him and which is still verified
by the specimen before us is as follows:
“Light brown; tip of snout blackish; a large black triangular area
before each eye, covering most of the front of the disk; space between
the eyes pale; space between the spiracles mostly pale; a round black
blotch on median line behind this; around blotch behind and outward
from each spiracle; another near this on the outer edge of the disk;
another behind this on the edge of the disk; a large transversely ob-
long bloteb in line with this on each side of the median line ; posterior
part of disk with a dark blotch near the edge; a large black blotch
between angle of pectoral and ventral; ventrals each with two dusky
blotches, the posterior one on the claspers; a dusky blotch on the back
of the tail between them, each dorsal in a distinet black cross blotch,
which extends up on the fins; a dark blotch on the tip of each dorsal
and three on the caudal; in all about thirty distinct dusky spots and
blotches above, all of them larger than the eye. There are also some
rows of dark dots, apparently the mouths of pores, along each side of
the tail above, near its base, and along the sides of the disk.” Pale
below; edge of pectorals dusky; ventrals showing slight traces of
dusky along the edge; an irregular dark blotch on each side near the
posterior angle of the pectoral.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 473
No. 3501, 2, from Pensacola. This specimen is fourteen inches long.
In color it is of a darker brown than No, 2987 ; tip of snout with a black-
ish area near its edge; a large black blotch covering space from each
eye forward and outward to edge of disk; space between the eyes plain,
that between the spiracles with two dark blotches containing paler
centers; a large triangular area of pale bounded by dark extending back-
ward and outward from each spiracle; a similar area on the median line
behind the spiracles; behind this and on the middle of the back is a
much larger space similarly inclosed by an irregular dark line; on a line
between this and the edge of the disk is a much smaller one; in front
of this and nearer the median line is another larger one; pectorals with
three or four groups of dark lines and spots; two pairs of such spots
on the tail in front of dorsal fins; each dorsal in a dark cross-blotch
which extends up on the fins; a black blotch on the anterior edge of each
dorsal, and three on the caudal. Pale below, with edges of pectorals
and ventrals dusky. The position of the markings is almost identical
with that in specimen No. 2987. The only material difference in the
coloration is that the larger specimen is darker and the spots and
blotches have taken on the forms of lines inclosing areas of the general
color of the back.
The third specimen (No. 1525, 2? , from Pensacola) measures seventeen
inches in length. Above, it is almost uniform dark brown; below, pale,
with two small dark spots just back of the mouth ; another on each side
near the middle of the pectoral fin; edges of the pectorals dusky.
8. Sidera nigromarginata (Girard).
(Neomurana nigromarginata Girard.)
This species was first described in the Mexican Boundary Survey,
from a specimen collected at Saint Joseph’s Island, Texas, in 1853, by
Gustav Wiirdemann. Since that time no other specimens have been
seen, and Girard’s specimen has been regarded as being identical with
Sidera ocellata. The spots in Girard’s plate were seen to be too small
for ocellata, but this was thought to be the fault of the artist. The one
specimen, a foot in length, which we have, was found dead on the beach
of Santa Rosa Island by Mr. Evermann, and it agrees so exactly with
Girard’s plate that we have no hesitancy in referring it to that species,
which we now believe to be a valid one and sufficiently distinct from
Sidera ocellata.
The markings in S. nigromarginata are much finer than in SW. ocellata.
Color rather pale olive (in spirits), with a broad dusky shade along
sides. Everywhere, except on belly, with round stellate pale olive spots
of unequal size, the largest scarcely larger than the pupil. Spots on
head and anterior parts smaller than the others. Dorsal and anal fins
mostly black, the color on the dorsal formed of round black blotches,
which are more or less confluent. No black around gill-opening.
Mouth smaller than in SV. ocellata, the gape 3 in head. Head 2! in
trunk. ‘Tail a little longer than head and trunk.
474. NEW SPECIES OF FISHES, GULF OF MEXICO.
Teeth smaller than in Sidera ocellata, some of those in the upper jaw
slightly serrate behind.
9. Myrophis punctatus Liitken.
?La Murene Myre Lacépéde Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, pl. 3, f. 3,1798 (not deser. ;
not Murena myrus L.).
? Murena longicollis Cuvier, Régne Animal 313, 1828 (no deser. ; based on Lacé-
pede).
Myrophis longicollis Kaup, Apodes, 30, 1858 (Surinam); Peters, Ak. Wiss.,
Berl., 1864, 397; Jordan, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1833, 282.
Myrophis punctatus Liitken, Vid. Med. Naturh. Foren., Kjoben., 1, 1851; Jor-
dan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, 33 (name only) (Pensacola); Jordan,
Cat. Fish, N. A., 54, 1885.
Myrophis microstigmius Poey, Repert. Fis. Nat., ii, 250, 1867; Jordan & Gil-
bert, Synopsis, 900, 1883.
Myrophis lumbricus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 261 (Gal-
veston); Jordan & Gilbert, Synopsis, 899, 1883 (Galveston); Jordan, Cat.
Fish, N. A., 54, 1885.
After a careful examination of fourteen specimens, all from Pensacola,
we have with some hesitancy reached the conclusion indicated in the
synonymy here given. A few of these specimens were secured with a
seine near Pensacola, but the majority were taken from the stomachs
of Red Groupers and Red Snappers brought in by the fishing smacks.
A number of the latter are in very good condition but a few have been
more or less mutilated in the process of digestion. To the eye, four of
these specimens appear to have the head much larger and the cleft of
mouth much greater than in the others, but when the measurements
are taken, this apparent difference proves tangible only to the eye, as
no important differences in the proportion of parts can be made. The
largest specimens are usually but not always those with the largest
mouth. There also appears to be a difference in the plumpness or stout-
ness, but the most plump as well as the most slender are found among
those of the large-mouth pattern. There is also considerable variation
as to the relative distance of the beginning of the dorsal from the gill-
opening, but the variation as shown by the small-mouthed specimens
js equaled by that in the others; in all, however, it is nearer the vent
than the gill-opening. It is probable that these differences are due to
a difference in sex. In coloration and general form of body they agree
very well with the description of M. lumbricus as given by Professors
Jordan and Gilbert.
The name Murena longicollis Cuvier based on a poor figure only, with-
out a description, is apparently too doubtful to be adopted for this spe-
cies or any other.
10. Trachurus trachurus L.
(Caranzomorus plumieranus, Lacépede.)
Specimens similar to others from the North of Europe.
11. Pronotogrammus vivanus Jordan & Swain.
Numerous examples, in excellent condition, taken from the stomach
of the Hind (Epin. drummond-hay?).
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 475
In life, carmine, deepest on the back, becoming a clear violet on the
sides. Back and sides everywhere freckled with golden olive, this color
on the sides forming reticulations around the violet. Belly silvery,
flushed with red. Golden olive about the eye; a bright golden stripe
from eye to base of pectoral above; another from snout along lower
border of eye to middle of base of pectoral. Another fainter above,
from eye backwards.
Dorsal fin carmine, the rays tinged with red, the filaments carmine.
Caudal fin carmine, with golden on the rays anal wholly of a very
bright yellow. Pectoral all light carmine. Ventrals yellow on anterior
rays, the last rays carmine.
This species is very closely related to Pronotogrammus multifasciatus
from Cape San Lucas, the type of the genus Pronotogrammus. These
two species differ considerably from the type of Anthias, and it is not
unlikely that the former generic name should be retained for them.
In P. vivanus, the fourth and fifth dorsal spines are longest, the lat-
ter 24 in head, and with a slender filament attached to its membrane,
the filament being 14 in head. Similar, but shorter filaments are at-
tached to the 6th, 7th, th, and 9th spines.
Both caudal lobes ending in filamentous prolongations, the total
length of the lobes being 23 in body. Pectorals and ventrals short.
12. Epinephelus niveatus (Cuv. & Val.).
Epinephelus flavolimbatus Poey.
One specimen about two feet long obtained. This agrees with the
account of Hpinephelus niveatus given by Jordan & Swain in all respects
but the color. It seems probable that H. flavolimbatus is the adult
of H. niveatus, but if so, the change in coloration is very remarkable.
Color in life, brownish flesh-color, unspotted, a clear blue streak
from eye to angle of preopercle. No spots or blotches anywhere, and
no black on caudal peduncle. Whole dorsal with a narrow edge of
bright yellow. Dorsal pectorals, anal and caudal dusky, anal and caudal
without pale edging. Ventralsdusky. A very faint moustache of dark
olive, along the maxillary.
13. Pomacentrus caudalis Poey.
14. Callionymus (? bairdi Goode & Bean).
One specimen, somewhat mutilated.
15. Scorpena occipitalis Poey.
16. Dactyloscopus tridigitatus Gill.
One specimen taken with the seine on Santa Rosa Island; the first
record of the species from north of Key West.
17. Ophidium beani Jordan.
18. Phycis floridanus Bean.
Taken in great numbers with the seine in shallow waters near the
Shore, where it took the hook readily. A few obtained from the Snap-
476 NEW SPECIES OF FISHES, GULF OF MEXICO.
per Banks. According to the fishermen, this species has never before
been known to enter the shallow waters. It is thought that the exces-
sive cold preceding the date of our visit has caused this temporary
change in the habits of this interesting species.
19. Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert.
20. Halieutichthys reticulatus Mitchill.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY,
September 17, 1886.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 477
A REVIEW OF THE GOBIIDA: OF NORTH AMERICA,
By DAVID 8S. JORDAN and CARL H. EIGENMANN.
In the present paper we have attempted to give the synonymy of each
of the genera and species of Gobies found in the waters of America
north of Surinam and Panama. Thespecimens examined belong to the
U. S. National Museum and to the museum of the Indiana University,
most of the latter having been collected by Professor Jordan.
The group offers considerable difficulty, as most of the species are of
small size, and many of them are but scantily represented in collections.
The determination of the proper limits of the genera has been espe-
cially difficult, as the characters used as generic by Bleeker, Gill, and
others are, in themselves, of small value, and subject to many inter-
gradations. Among the Hleotridine we find the skeletal ditferences
well marked, easily defining the genera, at least, if only American
species are taken into consideration. Among the American Gobiine,
however, the skeletons of Gillichthys and Typhlogobius only show any
well-marked peculiarities, so far as we have seen, and no characters of
importance can be drawn from this source. We have ventured to de-
tach from Gobius, on characters of minor importance, the genera Lo-
phogobius, Chonophorus, Lepidogobius, and Microgobius, but the characters
of none of these groups have any high importance, and it is not un-
likely that Dr. Giinther is right in uniting all with Gobius.
The genera of Gobiide recognized by us may be defined as follows:
ANALYSIS OF GENERA OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA.
a. Ventral fins separate; body scaly.
b. Ventral rays I, 4. (Oxymetopontine).
c. Forehead bluntly rounded, without sharp keel; tongue very slender, sharp;
body elongate, compressed, covered
with very small scales, some cycloid,
some ctenoid; head short, compressed,
rather broad above; mouth oblique,
the lower jaw projecting ; teeth in few
series, some of them canine-like ; isth-
mus narrow. Dorsals separate, the
first of six slender spines; soft dorsal
and anal elongate; caudal lanceo-
later ieee eae - PLOGLOSSUS sale
bb. Ventral rays 1.5; (Hleotridine).
d. Vomer with a broad patch of villiform teeth; gill-openings extending for-
; ward to below posterior angle of
mouth, the isthmus thus very narrow ;
teeth villiform, the outer scarcely en-
larged; vertebre 12-} 13 (dormitor) ;
A478
REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIID@.
dd. Vomer without teeth; isthmus broad
e. Body anteriorly entirely scaly.
skull above with conspicuous elevated
ridges, one of these bounding the orbit
above, the orbital ridges connected
posteriorly abuve by a strong cross,
ridge; a sharp longitudinal ridge on
each side of the occipital, the two
nearly parallel, the post-temporals be-
ing attached to the posterior ends.
Insertions of post-temporals widely
separated, the distance between them
greater than the rather narrow inter-
orbital width; the post-temporal
bones little divergent ; top of head de-
pressed, both before and behind the
cross-ridge between eyes; a flattish
triangular area between this and
the little elevated supraoccipital re-
gion ; preopercle without spines; lower
pharyugeals with slender depressible
teeth, and without lamelliform appen-
dages; scales of moderate size,
ctenoid .........-. GOBIOMORUS, 2.
; gill-openings scarcely extending for-
ward below to posterior angle of pre-
opercle; skull without crests.
jf. Lower pharyngeal teeth setaceous, the bones with an outer series of
broad flexible lamelliform appendages
or teeth; body short and elevated,
cyprinodontiform ; teeth slender, those
in the outer row scarcely larger, and
movable; top of head without raised
crests, flattish, its surface uneven;
post-temporal bones rather strongly
diverging, the distance between their
insertions about half the broad flattish
interorbital space; no spine on preo-
percle or branchiostegals; scales large,
ctenoid. Species herbivorous.
DORMITATOR, 3,
ff. Lower pharyngeals normal, subtriangular, the teeth stiff, villiform, none
of them lamelliform ; scales of moder-
ate or small size; body oblong or elon-
gate.
g. Body moderately robust, the depth 4-54 times in the length to base of
caudal; cranium without distinct
median keel; a small supraoccipital
crest.
i. Post-temporal bones little divergent, not inserted close together, the
distance between their insertions
greater than the moderate interorbital
space, or 3/ in length of head; top of
skull little gibbous; interorbital re-
gion somewhat concave or channeled ;
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 479
lower pharyngeals narrower than in
Eleoiris ; preopercle without spine;
scales very small, ctenoid, about 100
in a longitudinal series. Vertebra,
11-++13; teeth moderate, the outer se-
ries enlarged........... GUavima, 4,
hh. Post-temporal bones very strongly divergent, their insertions close
together, the distance between them
about 3 the narrow interorbital space,
and less than + length of head; top
of skull somewhat elevated and de-
clivous; interorbital area slightly con-
vex transversely ; lower pharyngeals
rather broad, the teeth bluntish ; pre-
opercle with partly concealed spine
directed downward and forward at
its angle; scales moderate, ctenoid,
45 to 60 in a longitudinal series; ver-
tebree (pisonis) 11 -+- 15; teeth small.*
ELEOTRIS, 5.
gg. Body very slender, elongate, the depth nine times in length to base
of caudal; post-temporal bones short,
strongly divergent, the distance be-
tween their insertions about equal to
the narrow interorbital space, or about
4 length of head; top of head with a
strong median keel, which is highest
on the occipital region ; no supraoe-
cipital crest; preopercle without
spine; mouth very oblique; the teeth
small; scales very small, cycloid.
EROTELIS, 6.
ee. Body naked on the anterior part ; head naked; lower jaw with four larger
recurved teeth .....GYMNELEOTRIS, 7.
~
aa. Ventral fins united.
i. Dorsal fins separate free from caudal. (Gobiina. )
J. Ventral disk short, adnate to the belly; body subeylindrical,
covered with ctenoid scales ; lips very
thick ; upper teeth mostly small and
movable, lower fixed ; dorsal spines 6.
be Meeth simpler = ots a5 jalan mein ci a)0,2 ~/seitw. nt As SIO Y DIUM, 6.
kineLeethptritrda(orish dl) pesesa. cscs] seeeee see SICYOPTERUS, 9.
jj. Ventral disk free from the belly.
l. Dorsal spines four io eight; eyes well developed.
m. Teeth emarginate, uniserial, those of the lower jaw nearly
horizontal; dorsal spines 6; scales
large, ctenoid; gill-openings moderate.
Evortuopvus, 10.
mm. Teeth simple.
n. Maxillary normal not prolonged behind the rictns;
skull of the usual gobioid form, com-
paratively short and abruptly broad-
ened behind the orbits (at least in
typical species).
* These characters of the skeleton are taken from Lleotris pisonis and have not been
verified on other species.
‘
:
480 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIID.
o. Body scaly, more or less.
p. Dorsal spines 6; scales evidently ctenoid.
q. Interorbital area anteriorly elevated, with a large
foramen-like depression in front of
eye; body short, compressed, formed
much as in Dormitator; nape with a
tleshy crest; scales large. Vertebra
LDDs eae LoPHoGosius, 11.
qq. Interorbital area not elevated in front, higher
than the occipital region ; body more
elongate; no fleshy nuchal crest; isth-
mus broad.
r. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle without fleshy
cirri or papille ; cranium anteriorly
short; interorbital space narrower,
grooved, with a low median ridge or
none; median crest on cranium low.
Vertebrae 12-+-16 (niger); 10-+-15 (ocean-
40US) a= oken aos bos= ain MOOBRUS Tes
rr. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle with two or three
conspicuous dermal flaps; preorbital
region very long; premaxillary and
maxillary strong ; interorbital groove
with a conspicuous median crest.
CHONOPHORUS, 13.
pp. Dorsal spines 7 or 8; scales very small, cycloid or
weakly ctenoid.
s. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle with two or
three dermal flaps or processes ; inter-
orbital groove with the median ridge
little developed (lepidus). Body little
compressed...-..- LEPIDOGOBIUS, 14.
ss. Inner edge of shoulder-girdle without fleshy
processes; body more or less com-
pressed ; mouth very oblique; teeth
strong; interorbital groove with or
without a median ridge. Vertebre
11-15 or 162-2... MICROGOBIUS, 15.
oo. Body entirely naked; body not strongly compressed.
GOBIOSOMA, 16.
nn. Maxillary much produced backward, extending beyond
the gill-opening in the adult; skull
comparatively long, gradually (not
abruptly) broadened behind orbits;
median crest of cranium well-devel-
oped; a cross-ridge across posterior
part of interorbital space; scalessmaHh,
cycloid; dorsal spines 6; no fleshy
processes on shoulder-girdle; isthmus
broad. Vertebre 14+16 (mirabilis).
GILLICHTHYsS, 17.
ll. Dorsal spines two (or one); body wholly naked ; eyes re-
duced to small rudiments; interorbital
area forming a sharp median ridge;
skull rather abruptly widened behind
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 481
orbits; anterior portion of skull unu-
sually long; no flaps on shoulder-
girdle; skull highest at nape, de-
pressed above the eyes ..........
TYPHLOGOBIUS, 18.
#i. Dorsal fin continuous, the second and the anal jomed to base
of caudal; eyes minute; body elon-
gate; scales minute or wanting;
mouth very oblique, the lower jaw
projecting ; gill openings moderate ;
(Gobioidine).
u. Dorsal rays vi-16 to 23; anal rays 17
to 23.
v. Teeth, small in a single series: scales
PROSeN teas see ee TYNTLASTES, 19.
vv. Teeth in a band, those of the outer se-
ries being very stong ; scales present.
GOBIOIDES, 20,
1. IOGLOSSUS.
IoGciossus (Bean MSS), Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 297, (calli-
urus.)
Type Joglossus calliurus Bean.
This singular form is quite unlike all the other, American gobies,
although apparently closely related to the Orthostomus of Kner. But
one species is known.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF IOGLOSSUS.
a. Body elongate, compressed ; its depth 7 in length, its width 2} in head, which is5_
in length. Head compressed, higher than wide, rounded above. Eye large,
3% in head, longer than snout, equal to the interorbital area which is broad
and rounded. Mouth small, very oblique, almost vertical; maxillary extend-
ing to below anterior edge of pupil, 2$ in head. Teeth in the lower jaw une-
qual, irregularly placed, in a very narrow band, some of them canine-like ;
those of the upper jaw in two series; the outer series long and stout, the inner
minute ; behind these in front are two fang-like canines. All the teeth fixed.
Tongue very narrow, lying in a groove in bottom of the mouth. Scales all
small, the anterior ones imbedded and cycloid, those of the caudal peduncle
imbricated, ctenoid; head and nape naked. Dorsal spines weak, graduated
from the first to the fifth which is highest, 1} in head. Dorsal rays high,
the last extending past base of caudal. Cauda! long, pointed, 1§ in body.
Pectorals very short, the longest ray } of head; ventrals contiguous, very nar-
row and long, 44 inlength. Light olive, everywhere densely punctate with mi-
croscopic points. Dorsals edged with black; caudal with a median reddish
stripe and two bluish bands. Dorsal VI-23; anal 22, ventral I, 4.
CALLIURUS, 1.
iL. Ioglossus calliurus.
Toglossus calliurus (Bean, MSS.), Jordan & Gilbert Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1882, 297 (Pensacola, Fla.); Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1882, 419 (Pen-
sacola, Fla.); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish., North America, 949, 1883
(Pensacola); Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 437 (Pensacola) ; Jor-
dan, Catalogue Fish., North America, 106, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.— West Indian fauna; Pensacola.
Proc. N. M. 86——31 November 26, 1886.
482 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA.
The numerous specimens of this species have all been taken from the
stomachs of the Red Snapper, Lutjanus aya, at Pensacola. All of the
known specimens have been obtained by Mr. Silas Stearns.
2. GOBIOMORUS.*
Goxsiomorus Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 699, 1798 (dormitor, etc).
PHILYPNUS Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 255, 1837 (dormitator).
LembBuws Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., i, 505, 1859 (maculatus).
Gosromorvus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 571 (restricted to dormi-
tor).
Type Gobiomorus dormitor Lacépéde.
2. Gobiomorus lateralis.
Philypus lateralis Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 123 (Cape San Lucas).
Habitat.—Pacifie coast of America, from San José to Panama.
3. Gobiomorus dormitor.
Gobiomorus dormitor Lacépéde, Hist. Nat. Poiss., ii, 599, 1798 (from a drawing
by Plumier).
Batrachus guavina Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 44, 1801 (based on Guavina
of Parra),
Platycephalus dormitator Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 60 (Mar-
tinique).
Habitat.—Rio Grande to Martinique, in fresh waters.
4. Gobiomorus longiceps.
Eleotris longiceps Giinther, Proc. Zod]. Soc., Lond., 1864, 151 (Nicaragua).
Habitat.—Lake Nicaragua.
3. DORMITATOR.
Prochilus Cuvier, Regue Animal, ed. i, 1817 (mugiloides), (preoccupied).
Dormitator Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1862, 240 (gundlachi=maculatus).
Type Hleotris gundlacht Poey=Sciena maculata Bloch.
5. Dormitator maculatus.
Sciena maculata Bloch, Ichth., tab. 299, f. 2, 1790 (West Indies).
Eleotris mugiloides Cuvier & Valencieunes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 226, 1837
(Martinique, Surinam).
Eleotris sima Cuv. & Val., xii, 232, 1837 (Vera Cruz).
Eleotris somnolentus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 169 (Rio
Grande).
Eleotris omocyaneus Poey, Memorias, ii, 269, 1860 (Havana).
Dormitator gundlachi Poey, Syn. Pisce. Cub., 396, 1868 (Cuba).
Dormitator lineatus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 271 (Savannah).
* The Eleotridine have been made the subject of a special paper (A Review of the
American Eleotridinz, in Proc. Ac. Nat. Sei., Phil., 1885, 66-80) by Eigenmann and
Fordice. For the synonymy and characters of the species of Gobiomorus, Dormitator,
Guavinu, Eleotris, Hrotelis, and Gymneleotris the reader is referred to the paper in ques-
tion. Only the outlines of the synonymy are here presented.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 483
Habitat.—East coast of America; South Carolina, Texas, Louisiana,
south to Surinam; chiefly in fresh water.
6. Dormitator latifrons.
Lleotris latifrons Richards, ‘‘ Voy. Sulph. Fish., 57, plate 35, fig. 4-5,” 1837 (Pas
cific coast, Central America).
Dormitator microphthalmus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,1863,170 (Panama).
Habitat.—Pacific coast of Central America, from Cape San Lucas
southward to Panama.
4. GUAVINA.
Guavina Bleeker, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. Gobioid., 302, 1874 (guavina).
Type Hleotris guavina Cuv. & Val.
7. Guavina guavina.
Eleotris guavina Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 223, 1837
(Martinique).
Habitat.—East coast of tropical America, West Indies, south to Suri-
nam, in fresh waters.
5. ELEOTRIS.
ELEOTRIS Gronow, Zooph., 83, 1763.
ELeorTris Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 65, 1801 (pisonis).
CuLius Bleeker, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. des Gobioid., 303, 1874 (fuseus).
? OXYELEOTRIS Bleeker, Esquisse, 303, 1874 (marmorata).
? GOBIOMORPHUS (Gill) Bleeker, Esquisse, 303, 1874 (gobioides).
8. Eleotris amblyopsis.
Eleotris amblyopsis Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1870, 473 (Surinam).
Habitat.—Atlantic coast of America, from Charleston to Surinam.
9. Bleotris pisonis.
Gobius pisonis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., 1206, 1788 (based on Eleotris of Gronow).
Gobius amorea Walbaum, Artedi Pisc., iii, 205, 1792 (based on Eleotris of Gro-
now).
Eleotris gyrinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 220, 1837, plate
356 (Martinique, San Domingo, Surinam).
Eleotris picta Kner & Steindachner, Abhandl. bayer. Ak. Wiss., 1864, 18, plate
iii, fig. 1 (Rio Bayano, near Panama).
Culius perniger Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. ,1870, 473 (St. Martin’s).
Habitat.—Both coasts of Central America, north to Cuba and Texas,
chiefly in tresh waters.
10. Hleotris zequidens.
Culius equidens Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 461 (Mazatlan).
Habitat.—Streams about the Gulf of California, south to Colima.
11. Bleotris belizana.
Eleotris (Culius) belizana Sauvage, ‘Bull. Soc, Philom. Paris, 1879, 16 (reprint)”
(Belize).
Habitat.—Belize.
484 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZ.
6. EROTELIS. «
EROTELIS Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 273, 1861 (valenciennesi = smaragdus).
12. Erotelis smaragdus.
Erotelis smaragdus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 231, 1837
(Cuba).
Erotelis valenciennest Poey, Mem. de Cuba, ii, 273, 1861 Cuba).
Habitat.—Florida Keys to Cuba ; strictly marine, not ascending rivers.
7. GYMNELEOTRIS.
GYMNELEOTRIS Bleeker, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. des Gobio:d., 304, 1874, (seminuda)
13. Gymneleotris seminuda.
Lleotris seminudu Giinther, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1864, 24, *‘ plate iv, fig.
2, 2a” (Paciiic coast of Panama).
Habitat.—Facifie coast of Panama.
8. SICYDIUM.
Stcypium Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 168, 1837 (plumieri).
Type Gobius plumieri Bloch.
This genus, as here restricted, contains probably but a single species,
widely diffused in the fresh waters of the West Indies.
. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF SICYDIUM.
a. [Front teeth of lower jaw not larger than those behind; a single row of inconspicu-
ous papillze on the gum beneath the upper lip; a large median papilla above
the maxillary suture; a median cleft in the upper lip; head, 4 to 43 in length
(withont caudal); depth, 44in length; scales small, reduced on neck and belly ;
diameter of eye contained 6 or 7 times in head, 2 to 3 times in interorbital
space; pectorals longer than head; third, fourth, and fifth dorsal spines pro-
duced into long ribands; the fourth, which is longest, 2 to 3 times height of
body; color uniform, olive or violet-brown; dorsals with irregular dark mark-
ings; anal with a dark marginal band, sometimes edged with white. ] (Grant.)
PLUMIERI, 14.
14. Sicydium plumieri.
Gobius plumierii Bloch, Ichthyologia 125, taf. 178, fig. 3. (Martinique; on a
drawing by Plumier) Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 69, 1801 (copied) ;
Lacépéde ii, 537, 562, plate 15, fig. 2 (copied), 1798.
Sicydium plumierii Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii.,168, 1837 (Porto
Rico); Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 101; Giinther, Cat. Fish.
Brit. Mus., iii, 92, 1861 (Barbadoes, West Indies); Poey, Fauna Puerto-
Riquefia, 338, 1881 (Porto Rico); Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884,
156; plate xi, fig. 1 (West Indies).
Sicydium siragus Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 278, 1876 (Santiago de Cuba).
? Sicydium antillarum Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, 157, plate xii, fig.
3 (Barbadoes).
Habitat.—Fresh waters of the West Indies.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 485
‘We have at present no specimens of this species. The Sicydium
antillarum of Mr. Ogilvie-Grant, seems to differ only in the greater
prominence of the teeth, a matter subject to variations, perhaps ac-
cording to the age, sex, or condition of the specimen.
9. SICYOPTERUS.
SICYOPTERUS Gill, Proc. Acad.Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 101 (stimpsoni).
CoTyLopus Guichenot, in Maillard Notes sur l’Isle de la Réunion, ii, Addenda 9, 1864
(acutipinnis).
Sicypioprs Bleeker, Esquisse d’un Systéme Natural des Gobioides, 314, 1874 (xan-
thurus).
? MIcROSICYDIUM Bleeker, 1. c., 314, 1874 (gymnauchen),
Type Sicyopterus stimpsoni.
As here restricted, this group would include all the species of Sicy-
diwm, in which the teeth are trifid, bifid, or (by wearing of the tips)
clavate. Having had no opportunity to study the species of this group,
we do not know whether this division is a natural one or not.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF SICYOPTERUS.
a. Head 4 to 5 in length (to base of caudal); width of head, 2 its length; depth of
body, 54 to 6¢in length; scalesctenoid ; teeth in upper jaw curved, tricuspid,
trident-shaped, the middle cusp terminal, very short, soon worn away ; dorsal
VI-I, 10. AnalI-10. Caudalrounded; dorsal spinés produced in filaments.
b. [Neck and belly naked; a double or treble row of small papille on the gum
beneath the upper lip, without a larger median papilla; third dorsal spine
twice height of body; second dorsal higher than the body; scales 60 to
64; color violet-brown, yellowish in young specimens, shaded with indis-
tinct transverse bands of darker; an irregular brown spot on the‘axis of the
pectoral and a broad dark band from the base of the pectoral to the root of
the caudal; fins violet, clouded with darker; 60 to 64 scales in a longitudinal
SOLIS cM (Gri) eet race erence oleae aparece ot areinteyesice GYMNOGASTER, 15,
bb. [Neck and belly covered with small scales; gum beneath the upper lip smooth};
a median papillose tubercle above the maxillary suture; second and third
dorsal spines one and a half times the height of body; second dorsal not as
high as body; scales 73; color olive-brown ; anal yellow, with a black and
white band along the margin; membrane of the second dorsai clear, spotted
with brown; caudal with a dark and yellow band round the extremity ; 78
sesles In a MEGA SLICES. || CGXANE)) 26 oan cae wai seas meena SALVINI, 16,
15. Sicyopterus gymnogaster.
Sicydium gymnogaster Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, 158, plate xi, fig.
2, and xii, fig. 6 (Mazatlan).
Habitat.—Fresh waters of the Pacific slope of Mexico.
We know this species only from the description and figure given by
Mr. Ogilvie Grant.
16. Sicyopterus salvini.
Sicydium salvinit Grant, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1884, 159, piate xii, fig. 2
(Panama).
Habitat.—Streams of the Pacific slope of the Isthmus of Panama.
This species is known to us only from the description and figure given
by Mr. Ogilvie-Grant.
486 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZ.
10. EVORTHODUS.
EvortuHopus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 195 (breviceps).
Type Hvorthodus breviceps Gill.
We know nothing of this genus beyond the account given by Dr.
Gill. Its dentition more resembles that of the Sicydiwm group than the
true Gobies, though it (inferentially) agrees with the latter in the de-
velopment of its ventral fins.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF EVORTHODUS.
a. [Teeth emarginate, uniserial; those of the lower jaw nearly horizontal; some of
the dorsal rays filamentous; profile blunt, evenly decurved; head about as
deep as wide, 44 in length; depth 44; eye 3 in head. Caudal rounded, 3 in
body ; dorsal VI-I, 10; anal I-11. Color light-brown, with irregular blackish
blotches along the sides; two black spots at base of caudal fin, one above the
other alternating with one anterior on the peduncle; first dorsal with two
bands parallel with its upper margin, second dorsal with three narrow longi-
tudinel Wands: T VG) 2... > co cm ween nie tenideles ee ac os oo ann n/a ORE eEee
17. Evorthodus breviceps.
Evorthodus breviceps Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 195 (Trinidad) ;
Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., III, 85, 1861 (Trinidad ; Surinam).
Habitat.—Fresh waters of Trinidad and Surinam.
We know this species only from the description of Dr. Gill.
11. LOPHOGOBIUS.
LopuoGcostius Gill, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 240; (erista-galli=eyprinoides.)
Type Gobius ecrista-galli Cuv. & Val.
The single species which forms this group differs considerably in form
from our other gobies. The study of its skeleton shows no distinction
of much importance, unless the peculiar form of its interorbital area be
regarded as sucb.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF LOPHOGOBIUS.
a. Body short and deep, little compressed, cyprinodontiform ; greatest hight 32 in
length; greatest width 54; length of head 33; head naked; a prominent na-
ked dermal crest extending from above middle of eyes to near front of spinous
dorsal; diameter of eye 34 to 4 times in head, little greater than interorbital
area; profile convex; snout stout, bluntish, about as long as eye; mouth
very oblique, the gape slightly curved; upper lip on level of lower border of
eye; lower jaw somewhat projecting ; teeth in both jaws in bands, the outer
series somewhat enlarged and erect; those of the inner series small, depressible
backwards; scales large, reduced on breast and nape; a few scales on the
upper edge of the opercle; median line before dorsal naked; dorsal spines
produced in short filaments; last rays of soft dorsal reaching caudal; caudal
rounded; pectorals lanceolate, reaching beyond insertion of anal, its upper rays
not silk-like ; dorsal VI or VJI-11 ; anal 10; scales 26 to 30; color blackish-
green, some green streaks about eye ..........-.------------CYPRINOIDES, 18,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL“MUSEUM., 487
18. Lophogobius cyprinoides.
Gohius cyprinoides Pallas, ‘‘Spicilegia, Zool. viii, 17, tab. 1, fig. 5, 1770 ;”
(“ Amboina”) Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. xii, 129, 1837
(copied) ; Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. iii, 8, 1861 (San Domingo, Jamaica).
Lophogobius cyprinoides Poey, ‘‘ Repertorio i, 335, 1867; Poey, Syn. Pisce. Cub.,
393, 1863 (Cuba); Poey, Enumeratio Pisce. Cub., 125, 1876 (Cuba) ; Jor-
dan, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 49 (Havana, Cuba).
Gobius cristagalli Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 130, 1837
(Havana); Guichenot ‘‘Poiss. in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, 128,
plate 3, fig. 3” (Cuba).
Habitat.— West Indian Fauna.
This remarkable little fish is rather common in the markets of Ha-
vana, in which locality our specimens were taken. We have also seen
specimens from Aspinwall. Giinther is doubtless correet in identify-
ing the cristagalli of Cuvier & Valenciennes with the cyprinoides of
Pallas.
12. GOBIUS.
Gosius Artedi, Genera 28, 1738 (Gobius ex nigricante varius, etc., = niger).
Gopius Linneus, Syst. Nat., Ed. x, 1758 (niger, etc.), and of authors generally.
GOBILEPTES Swainson, Nat. Hist. Classi. Fishes, ii, 1839, 183 (no type mentioned ;
lanceolatus doubtless intended).
GOBIONELLUs Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 168 (hastatus = oceanicus).
CTENOGOBIUS Gill, Fish., Trinidad, 374, 1858 (fasciatus).
EucrenoGostus Gill, Annals Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, 1859, 45 (badius).
SMARAGDUS Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 279, 1861 (smaragdus).
? POMATOSCHISTUS Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1863, 263, foot-note (minutus).
CorRYPHOPTERUS Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 263 (glaucofrenum).
? DELTENTOSTEUS Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 263, foot-note (quadrimacu-
latus).
?GoBUCHTHYS Kiunzinger, Fisch. Rothen Meeres, 479, 1371 (petersii).
MESOGOBIUS Bleeker, Esquisse d’un Syst. Nat. Gobioid., 317, 1874 (guavina).
STENOGOBIUS Bleeker, |. ¢. 317 (qymnopomus).
OLIGOLEPIS Bleeker, |. c. 318 (melanostigma).
GNATHOLEPIS Bleeker, 1. ¢. 318 (anjerensis).
CALLOGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. ¢. 318 (hasselti).
HypoGyYMNOGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. c. 318 (xanthozona).
? HEMIGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. c. 318 (melanurus).
? CEPHALOGOBIUS Bleeker, I. ¢. 320 (sublitus).
?ACENTROGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. ¢. 321 (chlorostigma).
? PoROGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. e. 321 (schlegeli).
?AMBLYGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. c. 322 (sphinz).
ZONOGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. ¢. 323 (semifasciatus).
? OponTOGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. ¢. 323 (bynoénsis).
STIGMATOGOBIUS Bleeker, 1. ¢. 323 (pleurostigma).
? OXYURICHTHYS Bleeker, 1. c. 324 (belosso).
Type Gobius niger Linneus.
The genus Gobius, as here understood, comprises a very large number
of species more or less closely related to the European type of the genus,
Gobius niger, and its American relative, Gobius soporator. An examina.
tion of skulls or skeletons of numerous European and American species
shows a remarkable uniformity in most respects. The general form and
\
488 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA.
structure of the cranium is the same in all, the only differences being
very minor ones in the height of certain crests. Gobius oceanicus is the
most aberrant of these species, but that agrees wholly with the common
gobies in the structure of the skull, and the greater elongation of the
body is due to the elongation of individual vertebra, not to any increase
in their number. Of the European species examined, certainly ophio-
cephalus, jozo, paganellus, quadrimaculatus, and mertensi ought not to be
generically separated from Gobius niger. Gobius (Pomatoschistus) minutus
differs notably in the narrowness of its isthmus, and its very small
scales are scarcely ctenoid. It is however evidently very closely related
to Gobius (Deltentosteus) quadrimaculatus, which, in turn, approaches
Gobius paganellus and the true gobies. The American forms mostly
have a somewhat less depressed form of the head than the European
ones, and in many of them the scales do not extend so far forward be-
hind the eyes. No generic distinction can however be made out by us,
and as before stated, an almost unbroken series leads from G. soporator,
the species most like the European ones, to G. oceanicus, the most aber-
rant.
We have placed in the synonomy above a considerable number of the
generic names of Dr. Bleeker. In most cases the types of these nomi-
nal genera have not been examined by us, but the characters assigned
by Bleeker are mostly of specific value only. We feel reasonably cer-
tain that the natural boundaries of the genus Gobius are broader than
given in this paper, rather than narrower. No serious violence would
be done in merging Lophogobius, Chonophorus, Lepidogobius, and Microgo-
bius also in Gobius, and the relations of Gobiosoma with the same group
are very close.
ANALYSIS OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF GOBIUS.*
a. Anterior half of trunk scaled; head naked.
b. Upper rays of pectoral fin silk-like; i. e., short and very slender and flexible,
free for nearly their whole length.
c. Body robust, compressed posteriorly ; depth 5 to 54 in length; head broad, low,
rounded in profile, its length 33in body. Eye 4 to
5 in head; mouth large, little oblique; lips thick;
teeth in both jaws in bands, the outer series a little
enlarged; scales large, strongly ctenoid, smaller on
nape and belly; dorsal spines short, none filamen-
tous; color olivaceous, light or dark, varying from
sand-color to greenish black, everywhere mottled
and marbled with dark and paler; fins speckled;
a faint dusky spot behind eye. Dorsal VI-10.
Anal 8 or 9. Scales 36 to 41......SOPORATOR, 19.
bb. Upper rays of pectoral normal, not silk-like.
d. Scales large (25 to 42).
e. Scales 25 to 35.
*Gobius fasciatus (No. 25) is omitted from the following analysis, the published de-
scriptions being insufficient to separate it from Gobius boleosoma.
1886.]_ PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 489
f. Dorsal soft rays 14; vertex and nape with a slight median fold of skin,
g. [Body stout, compressed, its depth 5 in length; head 32; eye equal to
snout, 4 in bead; vertex and nape with a slight
median fold of skin; maxillary reaching front of
pupil; lower jaw slightly produced; teeth in
bands, the outer slightly enlarged. Olivaceous ;
spinous dorsal black at tip; second dorsal and
anal spotted ; scales each with a broad dusky mar-
gin. D. VI-14. A. 12. Scales 26-10.| (Bean.)
NICHOLSI, 20.
* ff. Dorsal soft rays 10-12; no median fold of skin on vertex and nape.
h. [Caudal with two spots at its base; jaws unequal, the lower slightly
produced ; body robust, compressed behind, the
depth 5 in total length; head 4}; eye lovger than
snout, 34 in head; maxillary reaching pupil; teeth
in a band, the outer enlarged and distant, the
inner enlarged and bent backwards; brownish; a
faint blue spot on each scale; six spots along mid-
dle of back; similar spots on scapular region and
middle of sides; two spots on base of caudal; a
dark spot above opercle; blue dots on head; a
straight blue line crossing cheek above and con-
tinued on opercle; dorsals faintly spotted. D.
VI-10. A.10. Scales 25-7.] (Gill.)
GLAUCOFRENUM, 21.
hh. Caudal with a single spot at its base or plain.
i. Dorsal spines low, the highest little longer tuan head.
Jj. Region from nape to dorsal entirely scaled. Body subfusiform,
little compressed ; depth 44 in length ; head blunt,
4 in length, rounded in profile. Eye equal to
snout, 4 in head. Mouth small, horizontal, the
lower jaw included; maxillary 3 in head, reach-
ing to below eye. Teeth small, in bands in both
jaws, the outer enlarged, those of the upper jaw very
slender. Scales large, ctenoid, those of nape and
belly little reduced. Longest dorsal spine shorter
than head. Caudal scarcely pointed, about as long
as head. Color whitish gray, middle of sides with
four or five dark blotches, from each of which a
narrow dark barextends downwards and forwards;
a large black blotch above pectorals, obsolete in
female; a small black spot at base of caudal; a
dark mark below eye; vertical fins barred. D.
VI-12. A.llorl12. Seales 33 ..STIGMATURUS, 22.
jj. Region between nape and dorsal with a narrow naked median
strip. Body moderately elongate, subfusiform,
the depth 5} in length. Head large, not so blunt
as in G. boleosoma, its length 32 to 3} in length;
anterior protile gently decurved ; snout 34 to 34in
head; eye 4; mouth large, slightly oblique; max-
illary extending to front of pupil, 24 in head.
Teeth small, slender and curved, in moderate
bands ; scales moderate, ctenoid, those in front
much reduced in size. Breast naked. Longest
dorsal spine 1} in head. Caudal as long as head,
490 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZ.
somewhat pointed. Olivaceous, mottled with gray;
about five rounded dark blotches along middle of
sides, the last forming a spot at base of caudal;
no dark spot on side of nape; some dark marks
on head; vertical fins barred. D. VI-12. A. 13,
Scalesias Ooo seer se seas sees SHUFELDTI, 23.
qj. Region between nape and dorsal entirely naked.
k. Highestrays of second dorsal little more than half head, none
of them reaching base of caudal.
1. Profile much decurved, skull rounded behind, without dis-
tinct median ridge; mouth horizontal. Body
elongate, deepest below front of dorsal, tapering
regularly backwards, the greatest depth 54 in
length. Head short, blunt, profile anteriorly ab-
ruptly decurved, cheek somewhat swollen.
Length of head 34 in body. Snout about equal
eye, 3;inhead, Mouth horizontal, maxillary reach-
ing to below pupil (in male); lower jaw ineluded.
Teeth in both jaws in a band, the outer row of
the upper jaw large, recurved. Scales large,
ctenoid, somewhat reduced anteriorly. Nape,
breast, and belly naked. Dorsal spines about 3
of head. Caudal pointed, 23 to34in body. Color
olivaceous, with numerous dark reticulations on
the back ; five black spots along the sides, the last
forming a spot on base of caudal, sometimes with
V-shaped dark bars extending from them to dorsal.
Breasts and sides of belly with numerous dark
specks in male; a dark line between eyes; a dark
line from eye to middle of premaxillary, some dark
spots below eye, sometimes forming bars, some-
times a stripe. A large oblique, spot above
pectorals, continued on opercle; a black spot at
base of pectoral. Dorsals and caudal barred, anal
uniform dusky, ventrals and pectorals black in
male, white infemale. Dorsal VI-11. Anal 10-12.
Scales 25-30 ...............-..-. BOLEOSOMA, 24.
UW. Profile little decurved, skull flattish behind, much broader
than in boleosoma, with an evident median ridge;
mouth very oblique, much larger than in boleosoma ;
lower jaw thin and flat. Back slightly arched.
Body a little deeper and rather less compressed
than in G. enceomus, the depth 5 to 6 in length.
Head 4. Anterior profile moderately decurved.
Eye 33 inhead. Mouth large, oblique; maxillary
reaching to below pupil in both sexes. Teeth
above uniserial, some of them enlaiged and re-
curved; lower teeth in a narrow band, males
with the hindermost of the outer series sometimes
a strong, exserted, recurved canine; belly naked.
Longest dorsal spine } head; caudal 34 in body,
Color light greenish, sides of male with 5 or 6 nar-
row, straight, rather sharply defined whitish or
yellowish cross-bars, regularly placed ; four dark
bars, three below eye and one on opercle; a small
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 491
dark spot behind and above opercle. Vertical fins
barred ; female with a row of irregular dark spots
connected by a dusky streak, and with the pale
cross-bars obsolete. D. VI-12; A. 13. Scales 27.
STIGMATICUS, 26.
kk. Highest rays of second dorsal as long as head, the last reach-
ing base of caudal. Body elongate, the bavk not
arched; depth 6in length; head 4, not compressed,
the cheeks tumid. Profile abruptly decurved, the
snout 34 in head. Mouth large, nearly horizontal,
the maxillary reaching posterior edge of eye in
males, middle of eye in females. Teeth in narrow
bands in both jaws, the outer somewhat enlarged,
the outer in some (males?) much enlarged above
and recurved, the enlarged teeth fixed, the others
movable. Scales large, ctenoid, reduced an-
teriorly, belly naked. Dorsal spines little fila-
mentous, the longest about equal to head ; caudal
24 to 3in body. Males dark olive, with 4 oblong
dark blotches along middle of Sides; a dark caudal
spot; a black blotch larger than eye on each side
of shoulder; dorsal spotted. Caudal reddish
above, dusky below. Females with 5 oblong dark
blotches on sides, the last on base of caudal; from
each of the middle blotches a Y-shaped bar runs
to the back ; a black shoulder blotch; a dark bar
from eye to mouth; ventrals pale, with two dark
streaks. D. VI-11. A.12. Scales 30 (27 to 33.)
ENCZOMUS, 27.
ti. Dorsal spines high, the highest reaching past middle of second
dorsal. Nape scaly. Body elongate, moderately
compressed, the depth 43 in length, the head 43.
Profile very obtuse anteriorly; eye small, 44 in
head. Mouth nearly horizontal, the maxillary ex-
tending beyond pupil, 2? in head. Teeth strong,
uniserial; four shortish canines in lower jaw be-
hind the other teeth ; upper teeth largest. Some
of the dorsal spines filamentous, reaching (¢)
past middle of second dorsal. Caudal + longer
than head. Scales large ctenoid, those on nape
and belly much reduced in size. Dark olive, with
4 or 5 irregular, confluent, blackish cross-bands,
besides irregular, dark blotches. Head marked
with darker, fins mostly dusky; caudal dark blue
with two red longitudinal stripes. D. VI-11. A.
AO Sor) ees AAG Sos 2 ee oes em ee aes LYRICUS, 28.
ee. Scales moderate, 39 to 42.
m. Dorsal says VI-11. A. 11.Body moderately elongate,
compressed; depth 54; head 4. Head not com-
pressed, the cheeks tumid, the saout short, abruptly
decurved ; mouth large, little oblique, the jaws
equal, the maxillary 24 in head, reaching to below
pupil; eye 5 in head; teeth above large, une-
qual, uniserial, some of themfixed, those below
small, in a band. Seales anteriorly, cycloid, be-
492—
REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZ.
coming larger posteriorly, and ctenoid; dorsal
spines scarcely filamentous, none of them as
high as body; caudal 2} in body, light olive,*
with dark olive blotches; body and head with
Imany conspicuous round spots of cream-color, ©
each surrounded by a dusky ring, these most dis-
tinct on the head, all smaller than pupil; snout
with dusky streaks; dorsals and caudal sharply
barred; anal and ventrals dusky (¢). A small
round dark spot at base of caudal. D. VI-11. A.
11. Scales 39 to 42 .-.-.... __...SMARAGDUS, 29.
mm. [Dorsal rays VI-9; A.9. Depth 62 in total length; head
broad, flattish: snout short, decurved; eye 4}$ in
head, 1} in interorbital area, longer than snout.
Maxillary extending to below middleofeye. Some
of the dorsal spines produced in filaments, the third
14 times depth of body. Caudal short, rounded.
Two rows of ill-defined blotches on upper half of
body ; two rows of brownish spots on second dorsal,
the upper strongly marked. Scales 40.] (Stein-
Gachnen.)t -2 Wace) Sse oe eee OENI Us
dd. Scales rather small, 53-92.
nm. [Scales comparatively small (53). Body elongate, com-
pressed behind; head a little compressed ; head 3%
in length; depth 5. Eye 34 in head, shorter than
the rounded snout; maxillary reaching to below
middle of eye; teeth small, the outer a little en-
larged ; dorsal spines all shorter than head, not
filamentous. Nape scaly, its scales much reduced
in size; scales ctenoid; two violet stripes from
eye to mouth; 8 or 9 violet bars on sides; 3 or 4
bars on caudal; second dorsal spotted; D. VI-12.
A. ll or 12. Seales 53-13. ] (Steindachner.)
KraussI, 31.
nn. [Scales moderate (55to 60). Candal fin about half longer
than head ; body elongate, the depth 63 in length;
head 43. Eye longer than snout, 4 in head, mouth
slightly oblique, the jaws equal, the maxillary
not reaching centre of eye ; teeth in a narrow band,
the outer much enlarged and separated from the
others by a narrow interspace. Second dorsal
spine not equal to depth of body. Caudal/3} in
body. Scales on nape and axil very small, those
on posterior part of body much larger. Light olive
green; a series of brown spots along middle of
tail; sides of head with dusky blotches, vertical
fins dotted with black. D. VI-13. A.14. Scales
HS-2O Ls. eee et Sane see ha ssee SOAGLED UGA oes
nnn. Seales very small (60 to 90); caudal more than twice
as longas head. Body compressed, extremely elon-
gate, the depth 6 to 7j in length; head higher than
wide, short, compressed, 44 to 5 in length, mouth
' *This is the coloration of the male. The female we have not seen, unless a plain
olivaceous example from Charleston, agreeing in all essential respects except in col-
oration, represents the latter.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 493
wide, oblique; maxillary in adult reaching to be-
low posterior border of eye. Lower jaw very thin
and flat; teeth in both jaws small, subequal ; those
in the upper jaw in a single series, those of the
lower in a narrow band; outer teeth somewhat
movable. Scales anteriorly small, cycloid, imbed-
ded, those behind larger and ctenoid; a few scales
on upper anterior corner of opercle; dorsal fins
high, some of the spines filamentous, longer than
head. Caudal very long, filamentous, 2 to 23 in
body. Light olive, fins dusky in male; a round.
black spot on sides, a little larger than eye, below
spinous dorsal; first dorsal spine with two or
three black spots; a small dusky spot at base of
caudal. Emerald spot on tongue conspicuous,
fading in spirits. D. VI-14. A14 or 15. Scales,
70:(60'to'90).. ese a -sbae-s-cees OCRANICGUS Oa.
aa. Region before dorsal and anal fins entirely naked.
0. Scales large, 14 series developed. Depth 5% in total
length ; head 44, nearly as broad as high. Eyes
equal to the rounded snout ; mouth slightly oblique,
the jaws equal, the maxillary extending to below
middle of eye; teeth in villiform bands ; twocurved
canines on each side of lower jaw. First dorsal
spine elongate, sometimes reaching base of caudal;
caudal rounded, shorter than head; blackish, fins
mostly black; dorsal filament whitish (¢ 7). D.
Wilner Omocales. l4iete- 22 2a. PARADOXUS, 34.
00. Scales exceedingly minute. Head 4 in total length;
depth, 6. Head broader than high; snout obtuse,
as long as eye; jaws equal, maxillary extending
to below middle of eye; teeth in villiform bands,
the anterior in upper jaw slightly enlarged; two
small, curved canines on each side of lower jaw.
Dorsal fins low, the anterior not elevated; caudal
reunded, blackish; fins and sides of head dotted.
LD) Villon Act LO eeience eee aresin SEMINUDUS, 30.
19. Gobius soporator.
Gobius soporator Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 56,1837 (Mar-
tinique); Guichenot, ‘ Poiss. in Ramon dela Sagra, Hist. Cuba, 127,” 1855
(Cuba) ; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 26, 549, 1861 (Jamaica, Mex-
ico; Panama; Sicily (?); Caribbean Sea); Cope, Ichth, Lesser Antilles,
473, 1871 (St. Martin’s; New Providence); Goode, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
v, 75, 1876 (Bermudas) ; Poey, Enumeratio Pisce. Cub., 124, 1876 (Cuba) ;
Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 127 (Pensacola. Fla.) ;
Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 83 (Bermuda); Jordan & Gilbert,
Bull. U. S. Fish. Com., 1882, 108 (Mazatlan); Jordan & Gilbert, Bull.
U. S. Fish. Com. 1882, 111 (Panama); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., 1862, 296 (Pensacola); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1882, 368 (Cape San Lucas); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus.,
1882, 377 (Panama); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1852, 626
(Panama); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 634, 1883;
Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 37 (Pensacola, Fla.) ; Jordan, Proc.
U.S. Nat. Mus. 1884, 140 (Key West); Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
1884, 260 (Guaymas, Mexico) ; Jordan,Catalogue Fish. North America, 105,
1885 (name only) ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 49 (Havana, Cuba).
494 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZE.
Gobius catulus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 169 (St. Joseph’s
Island); Girard, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Survey, 26, plate xii, fig. 9-10, 1859
(copied). -
ELvorthodus catulus Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 632, 1883
(copied).
Gobins mapo Poey, Memorias de Cuba ii, 277, 1861 (Cuba); Poey, Syn. Pisce.
Cuv., 292, 1868 (Coast of Cuba).
Gobius lacertus Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 278, 1861 (Cuba); Poey, Syn.
Pise. Cub., 392, 1868 (Cuba); Poey, Enumeratio Pisce. Cub., 125, 1876
(Cuba).
Gobius carolinensis Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 268 (Charleston,
8. C.); Gill, Cat. Fish. Kast coast North America, 21, 1873 (name only) ;
Goode, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1879, 1lu (Arlington, Florida); Jordan &
Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 634, 1883.
Habitat.—Shore fauna of Tropical America, on both coasts, Charles-
ton to Surinam, Guaymas and Panama.
This species is the commonest of all shore-fishes in Tropical America,
abounding everywhere in tide-pools and cavities among the reefs.
Among our species, it seems to be the one most nearly related to the
European Gobius niger, and it may therefore be held to represent the
subgenus Gobius, if our other species be placed in different subgenera:
This is certainly the Gobius catulus of Girard, the Gobius mapo of
Poey, and the Gobius carolinensis of Gill. The Gobius lacertus of Poey
seems to be the same species, probably based on paler specimens than
usual. The coloration in life varies much with the surroundings.
The specimens before us are from Key West, Panama, and Cuba.
20. Gobius nicholsi.
Gobius nicholsii Bean, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 469 (Departure Bay, Brit-
ish Columbia); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 946, 1883
(copied) ; Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North America, 105, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.—Coast of British Columbia.
This species is known to us only from the account given by Dr. Bean.
2 Gobius glaucofrzenum.
Coryphopterus glaucofrenum Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 263 (Wash-
ington Territory).
Gobius glaucofrenum Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 53 (name
only); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 635, 1883 (copied);
Jordan, Cat. Fish. North America, 105, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.—Coast of Washington Territory.
This species is known only from the description of Dr. Gill. The
types are now lost, and the explorations of Professors Jordan and Gil-
bert have failed to recover the species. It may be possible that it is
the young of Gobius nicholsi, but the difference in Dr. Gill’s count of
the fin rays and scales, from the formula of the latter species, makes
this seem unlikely. The so-called genus Coryphopterus has no evident
excuse, being apparently fully identical with Ctenogobius, itself not
tangibly distinct from the typical Gobius.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 495
22. Gobius stigmaturus.
Gobius stigmaturus Goode & Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1882, 418 (Florida);
: Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 946, 1883 (West coast Flor-
ida); Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, 140 (Key West) ; Jordan, Cat.
Fish. North America, 105, 1885.
Habitat.—Florida Keys.
This species is known to us from the original type, and from a num-
ber of specimens collected by Dr. Jordan at Key West. It is very
close to Gobius boleosoma, but thus far it may be readily distinguished
by its pale coloration and by its scaly nape.
23. Gobius shufeldti (nom. sp. nov.).
?? Gobius wiirdemanni Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 169 (Brazos
Santiago, Tex.) ; Girard, U.S. & Mexico Bound. Survey, 25, 1859 (copied);
Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 634, 1883 (copied).
Gobius wiirdemanni Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1384, 321 (New Orleans); Jor-
dan, Cat. Fish. North America, 105, 1885 (name only, probably not of
Girard).
Habitat.—Gulf coast of United States; vicinity of New Orleans.
This species is known to us only from numerous specimens collected
by Dr. R. W. Shufeldt in the vicinity of New Orleans. The original
description given by Girard of his Gobius wiirdemanni is very scanty
and insufficient for the determination of the species. He may have
possibly intended the present species, but it seems unlikely, and the
statement that the third dorsal spine is filamentous comes nearer G.
lyricus. In any case, the present species is distinct from the others
known to Girard, and is closely related to G. boleosoma. It seems bet-
ter to give it a new name, in honor of its distinguished discoverer rather
than to retain for it a name to which it is probably not entitled.
The types of Gobius shufeldti are Nos. 35202, U. S. Nat. Mus.
24. Gobius boleosoma.
Gobius boleosoma Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 295 (Pensacola);
Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 946, 1883 (West coast Flor-
ida); Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 140 (Key West); Jordan, Cat.
Fish. North America, 105, 1885.
Habitat.—Gulf of Mexico.
The numerous specimens of this species before us are from the shores
about Pensacola, where it is very abundant. <A few are also in our
collection from Key West. The species may be identical with Gill’s
Ctenogobius fasciatus, but our knowledge of the latter is not sufficient
to justify an identification.
25. Gobius fasciatus.
Ctenogobius fasciatus Gill, Syn. Fish., Trinidad, 376, 1858 (Trinidad).
Gobius fasciatus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 34, 1861 (copied).
Habitat.—Trinidad.
The following is the substance of Dr. Gill’s description of this species.
It seems to be closely related to G. boleosoma.
496 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZ.
Body oblong, the depth 7 in total length; head flattish above, 5 in
total; snout equal to eye, more than 4 in head; teeth in both jaws in
a band, the outer row recurved, the last tooth on each side in the
lower jaw somewhat enlarged in the male. Brownish yellow; four
linear dark spots in a line on the sides, a dark spot and numerous
black dots at base of caudal; ventral fins barred. Dorsal VI-11, Anal
10. Scales large.
26. Gobius stigmaticus.
Smaragdus stigmaticus Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 281, 1861 (Cuba).
Gobionellus stigmaticus Poey, Syn. Pisce. Cub., 394, 1868 (Cuba); Poey, Enu-
meratio Pisce. Cub., 126, 1876, (Cuba) ; Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North
America, 947, 1883 (copied); Jordan, Cat. Fish. North America, 106,
1885 (specimen referred to from Florida Keys).
Gobius stigmaticus Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 49 (Havana, Cuba).
Habitat.—W est Indian fanna; Cuba, Florida Keys.
We have numerous specimens of this species from Havana, where it
is not rare. Specimens from the Florida Keys, in the U.S. Nat. Mus.,
have been identified with it by Dr. Bean. The difference between the
sexes in form and color, is in this species considerable. With this
species begins the transition from the more typical gobies to the elon-
gate forms called Gobileptes or Gobionellus.
27. Gobius enceomus.
Gobius enceomus Jordan & Gilbert, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 611 (Charleston,
S.C.); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 945, 1833 (Charleston,
S.C.); Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 141 (Key West) ; Jordan, Cat.
Fish, North America, 105, 1835 (no locality); Jenkins, Johns Hopkins Univ.
Circular 43, 11, 1885 (Beaufort, N. C.).
Gobionellus enceomus Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 28 (Beaufort, N.C.).
Habitat.—South Atlantic coast of United States.
This abundant species is very close to G. stigmaticus, of which it is
probably a northern variety. Only the difference in color, and some
slight differences in proportions seem to distinguish it. As in G. stigmat-
icus, the sexual differences are marked. The specimens before us are
from Beaufort, N. C.
28. Gobius lyricus.
Gobius lyricus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 169 (Brazos Santiago,
Tex.); Girard, U.S. & Mex. Bound. Survey, 25, plate xii, fig. 4 and 5, 1859
(Brazos Santiago, Tex.); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iti, 550, 1861
(copied); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 294 (Galveston,
Tex.); Jordan, Cat. Fish. North America, 105, 1885 (name only).
Luctenogobius lyricus Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 633, 1883.
? Gobius wiirdemannii Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 169 (Brazos
Santiago, Tex.); Girard, U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Survey, 28, 1859 (copied);
Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 105, 1883 (copied).
Smaragdus costalesi Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 280, 1861 (Rio Almendares) ;
Poey, Syn. Pisc. Cub., 394, 1868 (Cuba); Poey, Enumeratio Pisce. Cub.,
126, 1876 (Cuba).
Habitat.—Gulf of Mexico; Texas, Cuba.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 497
»
This species is best known from a male specimen, obtained by Dr.
Jordan at Galveston. With this specimen corresponds very closely
Poey’s account of his Gobionellus costalest. The original account of
_ Gobius wiirdemanni may have been drawn from a female of the same
species.
29. Gobius smaragdus.
Gobius smaragdus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Pofss., xii, 120, 1837
(Cuba); Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1886, 49 (Havana, Cuba).
Gobionellus smaragdus Poey, Syn. Pisce. Cub., 394, 1868 (Cuba); Poey, Enu-
meratio Pisc. Cub., 126, 1876 (Cuba); Hay, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885,
552(Saint Augustine, Fla.).
Smaragdus valenciennesi Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 280, 1861 (Cuba).
Habitat.—West Indian fauna; Cuba, Florida.
We have examined two specimens of this species, one from Havana,
the other collected at Saint Augustine, by Prof.O. P. Hay. Both these
have the pale spots very sharply defined, but they may perhaps not be
present in the female. The green spot above the base of the tongue is
conspicuous in life.
30. Gobius poeyi.
Gobius poeyi Steindachner, Ichthyol. Notizen, vi, 44, 1867 (Barbadoes).
Habitat.—West Indian fauna; Barbadoes.
This species we know only from Dr. Steindachner’s description.
31. Gobius kraussi.
Gobius kraussii Steindachner, Ichth. Beitrige, viii, 16, 1879 (Surinam).
Habitat-—Coast of Surinam.
This species is known only from Dr. Steindachner’s description.
32. Gobius sagittula.
Euctenogobius sagittula Giinther, Proc. Zoél. Soc. London, 1861, 3 (west coast
Central America); Giinther, Fish. Centr. Amer., 389, 1869 (Panama);
Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., ii, 555 (west coast Central America).
Gobius sagittula Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish. Com., 1882, 108 (Mazatlan);
Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. 8. Fish. Com., 1882, 111 (Panama) ; Jordan &
Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 380 (San José) ; Jordan, Cat. Fish.
North America, 105 (name only).
Habitat.—Pacific coast of Tropical America; Cape San Lucas to
Panama.
This species is common on the west coast of Mexico, where numerous
specimens were obtained by Professor Gilbert. We have no specimens
at hand, and, therefore, are obliged to make use of the published ac-
counts of this species.
33. Gobius oceanicus.
Gobius cauda longissima acuminata ‘‘ Gronow, Zooph., 82, no. 277, plate 4. fig. 4.”
Gobius oceanicus, ‘‘ Pallas, Spicilegia, viii, 4, 1769 (after Gronow) ;” Jordan,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 49 (Havana, Cuba).
Gobionellus oceanicus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 613
(Charleston, 8. C.); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 636. 1883 ;
Jordan, Cat, Fish. North America, 106, 1885 (name only).
Proc. N. M. 86-——32 November 26, 1886.
498 ~ REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA.
Gobius lanceolatus Bloch, Fische Deutschlands, ii, 8., taf. 38, fig. 1, 1783 (Antil-
les); Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 69, 1801 (Antilles); Lacépéde ‘ii,
545, plate XV, fig. 1, 1801”; Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii,
114, 1837 (Havana); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 50 (Brazil, West In-
dies); Poey, Syn. Pisce. Cub., 393., 1868 (Cuba); Poey, Enumeratio Pisce.
Cub., 126, 1876 (Cuba); Poey, Fauna Puerta-Riquefia, 338, 1881 (Porto
Rico).
Gobius bacalaus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 119, 1837 (Suri-
nam); Poey, ‘‘Repertorio I, 334”; Poey, Syn. Pisc. Cub., 394, 1868 (Cuba) ;
Poey, Enumeratio Pisce. Cub., 126, 1876 (Cuba).
Gobionellus hastatus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1858 (St. Joseph’s Is-
land, Tex.) 168; Girard, U. 8. & Mex. Bound. Survey, 25, plate XII, fig.
7-8 (copied).
Habitat.— West Indian fauna; North to South Carolina and Texas.
This species is generally common in the West Indies. The specimens
before us are all from Havana, except one, a large example from St. Jo-
seph’s Bay, Florida.
This species differs considerably from the typical species of Gobius,
but a series of intermediate forms renders it impossible to define it as
a distinct genus, or even subgenus. Different specimens show consid-
erable variations in the size of the scales, but there is not much doubt
that all the names included in the foregoing synonymy belong to one
species, for which the earliest name is that of Pallas.
34. Gobius paradoxus.
Gobius paradoxus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1861, 3 (west coast Cen-
tral America); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 549, 1861 (west coast
Central America); Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1882, iii
(Panama); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1882, 626 (Panama).
Habitat.—Pacific coast of Tropical America; Panama.
This species is not rare at Panama where specimens were obtained
by Professor Gilbert. As these are not now at hand, we are compelled
to fall back on Dr. Giinther’s description. This species is a very pecu-
liar one in regard to its squamation and the development of its spines,
and it may be perhaps properly the type of a distinet genus. —
35. Gobius seminudus. |
Gobius seminudus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1861, 3 (west coast Cen- |
tral America); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 554, 1361 (west coast
Central America); Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1882, iii
(Panama); Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885 (Panama).
Habitat.—Pacific coast of Central America.
This species was obtained by Professor Gilbert at Panama. As his;
specimens have been unfortunately destroyed, we here use tbe descrip- :
tion of Dr. Giinther.
It is remarkable that in the Panama fauna are four gobies, not espe--
cially related to each other, each of which has the anterior half of the)
body naked, this region in all our other gobies being scaled. These are
Gymneleotris seminuda, Gobius paradoxus, Gobius seminudus, and Micro-
gobius emblematicus. Can there be any physical cause for this?
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 499
Doubtful species of Gobius.
Gobius :
Gobius lineatus Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 424, 1861 (Havana); Poey, Syn-
opsis 1868, 393; Poey, Enumeratio, 125, 1875 (name preoccupied ; not Gobius
lineatus of Jenyns).
This species, which must, if valid, receive a new name is characterized
as follows: j
Body elongate, subeylindrical; depth of body 6 in length, head 34;
eye in head 6 times; maxillary extending almost to below middle of
eye; pectorals rounded; dorsals high, yellowish green; the body with
20 vertical yellow bands; a red band extending from snout to point of
opercle ; fins yellowish. Dorsal VII, 12.
' Gobius
Gobius brunneus Poey, Synopsis Pise. Cubens., 393, 1868 (Havana); Poey,
Enumeratio 125,1876 (name preoccupied ; not Gobius brunneus of Schlegel).
This species, which, if valid, must receive 2 new name, is thus char-
acterized:
Color dark-gray with brighter spots; pectoral, dorsals, and caudal —
spotted with black ; outer series of teeth notably stouter and somewhat
separated ; profile more oblique and longer than in Gobius lacertus (sopo-
rator); maxillary extending to below middle of eye which is contained
44 times in head; interorbital space 4 of eye, snout 14. Dorsal inserted
in the middle point between snout and end of second third of caudal.
13. CHONOPHORUS.
? RHINOGOBIUS Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 145 (similis).
CHONOPHORUS Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 274, 1861 (bucculentus = taiasica).
? Awaous Bleeker, Esquisse d’un Systeme Naturel des Gobioides, 320 (ocellaris ; name
from ‘‘les Awaous” of Valenciennes).
Type: Chonophorus bucculentus Poey=Gobius taiasica Lichtenstein.
We cannot feel certain that Bleeker and Gill are right in considering
Ohonophorus as identical with Rhinogobius, as the description of Rhino-
gobius similis is not sufficiently full to permit a proper comparison of the
two groups.
The name “Awaous” cannot be adopted from Valenciennes for this
group, as this name, as used by him, was evidently not in any sense a
subgeneri¢ name, but a French plural noun, ‘“‘Awaou” being the verna-
cular name of one of the species in the Sandwich Islands.
The American species are closely related and form a well-marked
group, but their relation to the East Indian and Asiatic forms called
Arwaous and Rhinogobius is, as above stated, yet to be proven.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF CHONOPHORUS.
a. Seales abor+ 53; little crowded anteriorly, 21 before dorsal on nape; depth, 53
in lengih, head, 4; eyes placed high, interorbital area equal to diameter of
.eye; mouth, horizontal; maxilary extending to middle of eye, 24 in head, lower
jaw more flat than in taiasica : teeth small, in narrow bands, those of the outer
row above enlarged, some large teeth in band of lower jaw. D. VI-1, 12, A. 1,
LOM nitorm yellowish) ims pinios\is sm...) saree serait ninle|= c=) l= Fiavus, 36.
500 | REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA.
aa. Scales 60 to 70, crowded anteriorly, about 30 scales before the dorsal on nape;
21 scales between second dorsal and anal; head broader than high; body
compressed posteriorly, rather depressed watotiotly: ; greatest depth 5} in length;
head, 3} in length; eye small, less than interorbital (in adult), 3 times in
snout (twice in young), and about 7 times in length of head; distance from
eye to mouth 34 in head, the preorbital being much enlarged; mouth large,
horizontal; maxillary extending to below anterior part of orbit; lower jaw
included; teeth of the upper jaw in two series, those in anterior series much en-
larged, recurved; those of lower jaw in a narrow band, outer series scarcely
enlarged ; inner edge of shoulder-girdle with 2 or 3 rather long papille. Body
covered with ctenoid scales, much reduced in size anteriorly ; nape closely scaled,
breast scaly, head naked; dorsal fins less than hight of body; dorsal spines
scarcely filamentous, not as high as the soft rays; caudal rounded, shorter
than head; ventrals very broad and short, 14 to 14 in head; the rays very
much branched. Olivaceous, a series of irregular, roundish blotches along
middle of sides; narrow dark streaks radiating from eye; a blackish streak
running across upper margin of opercle and extending obliquely across base
of upper pectoral rays; belly white; dorsal and caudal more or less distinctly
barred with wavy blackish lines. D. VI,11, A.11. Scales, about 65.
TAIASICA, 37.
aaa. [Scales 76 to 82; 24 scales between second dorsal and anal; head as broad as
high; depth of body 6? in length; head 4; head flat above, snout elongate,
upper profile oblique; eye, } of head, equals interorbital area (in adult) ; mouth
horizontal; lower jaw included; maxillary reaching to below anterior margin
of eye; teeth of the outer series enlarged; canine teeth, none; scales ctenoid,
those on nape and anterior part of ‘body very small; head naked; dorsal fins
lower than body, none of the spines produced ; caudal rounded, 7 in length of
body. Yellowish-olive ; back and sides reticulated with blackish; head, dorsal,
caudal, and pectoral fins dotted with blackish, the spots forming streaks on
second dorsal; six cross series of dots on the caudal; an irregular small blackish
spot on the upper part of the root of pectoral. Dorsal, VI-11. Anal,11. Scales
BOOUU SO AMON) ose oe oe Salem meee ee eee ore eee MEXICANUS, 38.
36. Chonophorus flavus.
Gobius flavus Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss. xii, 60, 1837 (Surinam) ; Se,
Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. viii, 13 (copied).
Habitat.—Surinam.
An examination of the type of Gobius flavus Cuv. & Val. has proven
it to be a Chonophorus, having the dermal flaps on the shoulder girdle
as in Ch. taiasica, to which it is closely related.
87. Chonophorus taiasica.
Amore guacu Maregrave, Hist. Brasil., 1648, 166 (Brazil).
Gobius taiasica Litchtenstein, ‘‘ Berl. Abhandl. 1822, 273” (not Tajasica Marc-
grave).
Chonephorus taiasica Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, 49 (Havana, Cuba).
Gobius banana Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 103, 1837 (St.
Domingo); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. iii, 59, 1861 (Caribbean Sea .
Antilles; West Indies); Steindachner, Ichth. Not. vi, 45, 1877 (Surinam) ;
Cope, Ichthyology Lesser Antilles, 473, 1871 (St. Domingo) ; Jordan & Gil-
bert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 368 (Cape San Lucas); Jordan & Gilbert,
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1882, 379 (San José) ; Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North
America, 105, 1885 (name only).
| 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 501
Gobius martinicus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. xii, 105, 1837
(Martinique); Castelnau, ‘‘Anim. nouv ou rares de Ameri. du Sud,
Poiss. 26.”
Chonophorus bucculentus Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 275, 1861 (Cuba).
Rhinogobius bucculentus Poey,Syn. Pise. Cub. 394, 1868 (Cuba); Poey, Enu-
meratio Pisce. Cub., 125, 1876 (Cuba).
Rhinogobius contractus Poey, Memorias de Cuba, ii, 424, 1861 (Cuba); Poey,
“Annals Lyc. Nat. Hist. New York, ix, 322;” Poey, Enumeratio Pisce.
Cub. 125, 1875, Poey, La Fauna Puerto-Riqueila, 338, 1881 (Porto Rico).
Gobius dolichocephalus Cope, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. Philad. 1869, 403 (near
Orizaba, Vera Cruz).
Habitat.—Fresh waters of the West Indies and of both coasts of
Mexico.
The specimens of this species before us are from the Rio Almen-
dares, near Havana, and from near Cape San Lucas. We are unable
to detect any specific differences between these examples. The former
corresponds to the Rhinogobius bucculentus. There are considerable
(sexual) differences in the size of the mouth corresponding to the dis-
tinctions between banana and martinicus, and to those between buccu-
lentus and contractus. Gobius dolichocephalus Cope has the scales slightly
smaller than the average in G. banana, but in this respect the species is
subject to considerable variation.
It seems tous that there is little room for doubt that this is the
species to which Lichtenstein, in his commentary on Maregrave, has
given the name Gobius taiasica. We have not seen the original paper
of Lichtenstein. According to Cuvier & Valenciennes, this Gobius
taiasica is ‘a goby of Brazil, 6 or 7 inches in length, with rounded tail,
of a dirty gray color, covered with small brown specks; of which the
head forms one-fifth the total length. The fin rays are D. VI-12,
mew iC: 15, Pi 16.0 NV t=5.”
Among the known species this can only be Chonophorus banana,
Gobius soporator, or Gobius oceanicus, as no other West Indian species
reaches a length of 3 inches. Of these, only the first corresponds at
all to the above account. We therefore adopt the name of Chonophorus
taiasica. The ‘“ Amore Guacu” of Maregrave seems to be this species.
38. Chonophorus mexicanus.
Gobius mexicanus Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus. , iii, 61, 1861 (Mexico).
Habitat.—Fresh waters of the eastern slope of Mexico.
This species is known to us only from Dr. Giinther’s description. It
is evidently a near ally of Chonophorus taiasica.
14. LEPIDOGOBIUS.
LEPIDOGOBIUS Gill, Annals Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 1859, 14 (lepidus).
Eucyciéaostus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1862, 279 (newberriti).
CycLoGosius ‘{ Steindachner.”
Type Gobius gracilis Girard = Gobius lepidus Girard.
502 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZ.
We retain the name Lepidogobius for two species, apparently allied to
each other, and differing from the typical Gobies in the small, cycloid
scales, in the presence of 7 or 8 dorsal species, and in the presence of
fleshy processes on the shoulder girdle.
The two species have been made types of distinct genera by Dr. Gill,
but the differences between them, although considerable, seem to us of
less than generic importance.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF LEPIDOGOBIUS. *+
a. Head scaled; body elongate (Lepidogobius).
b. Body elongate, subfusiform, little compressed, depth about 7 in length. Head
regularly conical, 44 in length. Eye twice as long as high ; its longitudinal
diameter equals snout, 4in head. Snout not obtuse in profile. Interorbital
area narrow, about equal the diameter of pupil. Mouth large; maxillary
reaching to below posterior edge of pupil, 24in head. Teeth small, all sim-
ilar, those of the upper jaw in two or three series, those of the lower jaw
close set, in a broad band. Body covered with small cycloid scales, which
are very much reduced anteriorly, especially on nape; cheeks, sides of head
and upper posterior part of opercle covered with small scales. Top of head
scaly to eye. Breast scaled. Dorsal spines weak; the highest one half
head. Soft dorsal low, none of the rays reaching caudal. Caudal long, some-
what pointed. Dorsal, vii, 16-18. Anal, 15. Scales about 36 ..LEPIDUS, 39.
aa. Head naked; body short, chubby (Hucyclogobius).
c. Body short, little compressed, its depth 441in length. Head large, 34 in length,
rounded above; snout broad. Month large, somewhat oblique, the lower
jaw somewhat projecting; maxillary extending more or less beyond orbits
Eye small, 5 in head, shorter than snout. Teeth rather strong, in narrow
bands, the outer row larger; outer teeth of lower jaw somewhat movable.
Seales very small, cycloid; head and nape naked. Dorsal spines very
slender, not filamentous, lower than the soft rays; caudal truncate, about
as long as pectorals and considerably shorter than head. Ventrals inserted
under lower anterior edge of pectorals. Olivaceous, mottled with darker;
head with some dusky markings; second dorsal and caudal checkered; a |
faint spot at base of caudal. Dorsal, vii to viii—12._ Anal 11 or12. Scales |
'
:
GU GOn OR ee sete SAE er Le SIGS ee NEWEERRYYI, 40.
39. Lepidogobius lepidus.
Gobius gracilis Girard, ‘‘ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1854, 134” (preoccupied
by Gobius gracilis Jenyns. )
Lepidogobius gracilis Gill, Annals Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, 1859, 14; Gill,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1863, 279 (California); Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. 7
Sei. Phii., 1863, 266 (no locality); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. .
Mus., 1880, 455 (Puget Sound; San Francisco); Jordan & Jouy, Proc. U. '
S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 9 (San Francisco); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. 7
Mus., 1881, 58 (San Francisco; Victoria); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish.
North America, 637, 1883.
Gobius lepidus Girard, Pacific Railroad Survey, 127, plate xxva, fig. 5 & 6, 1859
(San Francisco); Gitinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 78, 1861 (San Fran-
cisco). i
Lepidogobius lepidus Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North America, 106, 1885 (name —
only).
Habitat.—Pacific coast of United States, San Francisco, northward.
This species is common in rather deep water outside the bay of San —
Francisco; from this locality our specimens were obtained.
bas ot.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 503
40. Lepidogobius newberrii.
Gobius newberrii Girard, ‘‘ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1856, 136”; Girard,
“Boston Journal Nat. Hist., 1857, 530, plate xxv, fig. 5-8”; Girard, Pacific
Railroad Survey, 1859, 128 (Tomales Bay, Cal.); Gill, ‘Annals Lye. Nat.
Hist. New York, 1859, 16”; Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 77, 1861
(copied); Steindachner, Ichth. Beitriige, viii, 17, 1879 (Santa Monica,
California; Artesian well).
Lepidogobius newberryi Gill, ‘“‘Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., 1859, 14”; Jordan
& Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 455 (California); Jordan & Gil-
bert, Syn. Fish. North America, 637, 1883; Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North
America, 106, 1885 (name only).
Eucyclogobius newberryi Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1862, 330 (name
only); Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1863, 265 (name only); Jordan
& Gilbert, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1581, 53 (name only).
Habitat.—Coast of California.
This species is rather rare on the California coast. While agreeing
closely with J. lepidus in many respects, it differs considerably in the
naked head and less elongate form. Both species have the fleshy
papillz on the shoulder girdle, found also in Chonophorus.
15. MICROGOBIUS.
MricroGosius Poey, Enumeratio Pisce. Cubens., 1875, 127 (signatus).
Type Microgobius signatus Poey. 7
We retain the genus Microgobius for four small, brightly-colored Go-
bies, which differ considerably in form and appearance from the species
‘of related genera. The technical charaeters of Microgobius do not seem
to have much importance, but for the present we regard it as worthy of
retention. ;
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF MICROGOBIUS.
a. Body entirely scaled, except the nape, belly, and breast, which are naked, like the
head.
b. Scales about 42. Body elongate, moderately compressed, the depth 4 to 5 in
length; head long and large, rather sharp in profile, 3 to 34 in body; eye
longer than snout, 4 in head; mouth large, very oblique, the lower jaw
strongly projecting; maxillary 14 to 24 in head, extending to opposite
middle of eye, or much beyond the orbit ; teeth in few series, the outer very
long and slender, curved, the lower longest, none canine-like ; scales small,
some of them with short, thick teeth, those of anterior part of body not
well developed; dorsal spines more or less filamentous, the 3d and 4th or
4th and 5th sometimes with long filaments; caudal pointed, about as long
as head. Grayish-olive, with rather sharply-defined markings of darker
brown overlaid with orange in life; head with a pale bluish or gilt stripe
from maxillary backward across suborbital region to upper edge of gill-
opening; another pale gilt streak from snout along lower part of eye,
another from angle of mouth upward and backwards; rest of head dark;
opercle with an oblique blackish bar; top of head and nape with dark
marblings surrounded by paler reticulations; back with a series of black
cross-blotches mostly separated on the median line; two narrower dark
vertical bars behind pectoral; middle line of side posteriorly with longi-
tudinally oblong black blotches; besides these, numerous other blotches
not regularly arranged ; first dorsal with two or three oblique black bands;
second dorsal pale, with about four series of black dots; caudal spotted
with black; pectoral yellowish; ventral black, its center yellowish ( g ); anal
pales) Dorsal Vill—15.) “Amal 16 0r1%) = 2s. coon cece cincaes GULOsUS, 41,
504 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZA.
bb. Scales 65 or more.
ec. Caudal fin more than one-third (?) lengthof body. Scales very small, cycloid,
deciduous. Body elongate, much compressed, highest in front of ventrals,
tapering regularly to the very narrow, short caudal peduncle. Greatest
depth 4% in length, head 3}. Head compressed. much higher than wide ;
snout very short, acute, preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth terminal,
very wide and oblique; jaws equal; maxillary reaching vertical from mid-
dle of orbit, 2in head. Outer series of teeth enlarged. Eye 3 in head.
Dorsals closely contiguous ; spines very slender, the fifth slightly produced
and filamentous ; pectorals as long as head. Head and body translucent,
overlaid by brilliant green luster, formed by minute, close-set green points ;
three conspicuous translucent bars wider than the interspaces, crossing body
close behind head; head with two brilliant narrow blue and green lines
running obliquely across cheeks below eye. Dorsal whitish, with two or
three lengthwise series of large reddish-brown spots; spinous dorsal black-
ish at base. Upper caudal rays marked with red, the lower portion of
caudal and most of the anal fin blackish, anal whitish at base, the anterior
rays tipped with white. In spirits, body dusted with dark points; two
light cross-bars towards head ; lower part of caudal and anal black. Dor-
sal: ViIH16 475 Amal ibe eM ae ee ee ee eee neater acetate THALASSINUS, 42.
co. Caudal fin less than one-third length of body. Scales small, cycloid, imbed-
ded. Body very much compressed, more or less elongate, greatest depth at
ventrals 4 (9) to 64(¢)in length; head 34t0 4. Head much compressed,
much deeper than wide. Snout very short, acute, the anterior profile not
decurved, not steep; preorbital not as wide as pupil; mouth very large,
very oblique or almost vertical; maxillary extending to below pupil 2, in
head (in ¢,2+in@?). Lower jaw projecting, the teeth of the outer series en-
larged, recurved. Eye 3} to 4 in head. Dorsals contiguous, spines very
fine, produced in filaments, the 3d highest, a little longer than head. Sec-
ond dorsal and anal high. Head and nape naked. In female the depth is
greater, mouth less oblique, smaller; profile from spinous dorsal oblique.
First dorsal spine highest, 34 in length. Ventrals much shorter than in
males. Dark gray; female with a short bright blue bar bordered by black-
ish above pectorals. A blotch of sky-blue and orange below eye; fins
dusky, the ventrals pale in female, dusky in males. Males with the body
plain bluish gray. Dorsal VII-17 to 20; anal 18 to 21. Scales 68 to 70.
SIGNATUS, 43.
aa. Anterior part of body naked. Teeth of upper jaw in one series. Body elongate
compressed, heaviest forwards; depth 5 in length; head 3}; snout short,
rather broad, acute in profile ; mouth terminal very oblique; gape wide, its
length nearly half head; maxillary reaching to opposite middle of pupil;
lower jaw projecting. Teeth in lower jaw partly in two series in front,
forming a single row laterally; anterior teeth in both jaws strong, in-
curved. Eyes vary large, about $ of head; snout less than orbit. Scales
extremely small, cycloid, scarcely increasing in size toward caudal pedun-
cle; head and anterior part of body to front of dorsal fin naked; a narrow
naked strip along base of anterior half of spinous dorsal. Dorsal spines
very slender and weak, some of the middle ones usually prolonged, some-
times reaching nearly to the base of caudal, sometimes little elevated.
Second dorsal and anal similar to each other, the rays high, the last when
depressed nearly reaching to the base of caudal. Caudal pointed, a little
longer than head. Light olivaceous; above thickly punctate with pale
dots; sides very thickly covered with golden-green specks; back with six
pairs of golden-green spots on each side of the dorsal fin, each nearly as
large as pupil. Sides of head and anterior half of body with wide streaks
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 505
and bars alternately of purplish-blue and golden bronze; those on cheeks
longitudinal; those on opercle extending obliquely upwards and back-
wards, those on body vertical. First dorsal dusky, second dorsal with
about 3 series of light-blue spots. Anal pale. Caudal yellowish-green be-
low, dusky above, a very conspicuous narrow bright red streak from the
lower end of the base to the tip of the 5th or 6th ray from the bottom, thus
crossing the rays obliquely; ventrals bluish. In spirits plain light olive,
with a silvery cross-bar behind pectorals. Head 3% in length; depth 5.
Dorsal VII-16. Anal 17. About 65 scales in a median series.
EMBLEMATICUS, 44,
41. Microgobius gulosus.
Gobius gulosus Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat.Sci. Phila., 1858, 169 (Indianola,
Tex.); Girard, U.S. & Mex. Bound. Survey, 26, 1859 (Indianola, Tex.) ;
Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 634, 1883 (copied).
Lepidogobius gulosus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 294 (Pensa-
cola, Fla.); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 945, 1883; Jor-
dan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 324. (Indian River, Fla.) ; Jordan , Cata-
logue Fish. North America, 106, 1885.
Habitat.—Gulf of Mexico.
This strongly marked species has no near relative among our Gobies.
The many specimens before us are all from Pensacola, where it is a com-
mon inhabitant of the grassy bays.
42. Microgobius thalassinus.
Gobius thalassinus Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 612 (Charles-
ton, S.C.).
Lepidogobius thalassinus Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 947, 1883
(Charleston Harbor); Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North America, 106, 1885
(name only).
Habitat.—South Atlantic Coast of United States; Charleston.
This species is known, as yet, only from the original types taken by
Professor Gilbert in Charleston Harbor.
43. Microgobius signatus.
Microgobius signatus Poey, Enumeratio Pisce. Cub., 127 Lam. v, fig. 3, 1875;
(Cuba) Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 49 (Havana, Cuba).
Habitat.—West Indian fauna; Cuba.
The numerous specimens of this species examined by us were ob-
tained by Dr. Jordan in the Havana market. The sexual differences
are in this species very strongly marked, as the foregoing analysis of
the species shows.
44. Microgobius emblematicus.
Gobius emblematicus Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U.S. Fish. Com., 1881, 330 (Bay
of Panama).
Lepidogobius emblematicus Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish. Com., 1882, 111
(Panama).
Habitat.—Pacific coast of Tropical America; Panama.
This singular species is thus far known only from the original types
taken by Professor Gilbert at Panama.
506 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA.
16. GOBIOSOMA.
GoBrosoMa Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 169. (Alepidotwm=bosci.)
Type Gobius alepidotus Bloch & Schneider=Gobius bosci Lacépéde.
The typical species of this genus scarcely differ from the species of
Gobius, except in the absence of scales. Two or three little-known
species are, however, in some respects decidedly aberrant, and are per-
haps not allied to the others. Of the numerous American species of
this genus only one is as yet well represented in collections.
ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF GOBIOSOMA.
a. Second dorsal short, its rays 10 to 14 in number; anal rays 10 to 12; mouth not
very large, the maxillary not extending beyond orbit, not half length
of head.
b. Dorsal spines seven.
ce. Chin with a fringe of short barbels (shriveled and invisible in alcoholic speci-
men). Body slender, the depth nearly 7 times in length; head 3%
times; head narrow and slender, depressed above. Eyes close to-
gether, 4in head ; snout not blunt ; mouth terminal, oblique, the max-
illary reaching to below eye, 3 in head. Vertical fins high, no rays
filamentous. Upper half of head and body brown, finely speckled ;
four oblong colorless areas along base of dorsals and a smaller one
on back of caudal peduncle; lower parts abruptly pale; back with
5 or 6 blackish cross-bars to middle of sides, below which they ex-
tend as 5 or 6 short V-shaped projections; a brownish streak below
eye; a small brown bar on base of pectoral; a jet-black bar at base
of caudal.) (D: ViLI-10:) (AN 10s 2 nose ao eee CEUTHGCUM, 45.
ce. Chin without barbels.
d. Maxillary extending to below front of orbit; color blackish, with sharply
defined cross-bars of whitish. Body rather short, the depth 5% in
length; head 34. Snout low, little obtuse; mouth large, rather ob-
lique, the maxillary 2? in head; teeth small, in few series above, in
a band below, the onter enlarged. Fins low. Caudal 1} in head.
Cross-bands on body as wide as eye, not quite meeting below; a dark
blotch on base of pectoral, a fainter one on base of caudal; fins
nearly plain. D. VII-13. A. 12.-.-.... Phen bese ee HIstTrio, 46.
dd. Maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit; coloration not sharply
defined.
e. Body rather short, chubby, the depth about 4 in length; head about 33;
head rounded above. Teeth in several series, slender, the outer ones
somewhat elongate, none of the inner ones specialiy enlarged. Color
olivaceons, with dark points; sides with narrow, alternating lightand
dark bars; a row of small linear dark spots along middle of sides;
first dorsal with three oblique dark bars, second dorsal, caudal, and
pectorals finely barred, base and edge of anal light, middle dark.
Breast with many well-defined spots. A dark line running forward
and downward from eye to angle of mouth, another extending straight
down; a black bar on edge of preopercle, a black spot on upper edge
of opercle. D. VII-13. A. 10. (Otherwise essentially as in G. hosci).
MOLESTUM, 47.
ee. Body more elongate, its depth 5 to6in body. Head very broad, flattish
above, with tumid cheeks, its length 34 in body. Eye small, longer
than snout, 5inhead. Mouth large, little oblique, the jaws subequal.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 507
the maxillary extending to below posterior part of orbit (at least in
male), 2+ in head. Teeth in few series, the outer considerably en-
larged; two teeth on each side of inner series of lower jaw especially
large canines. Dorsal spines slender, none filamentous; caudal
rounded. Olivaceous, with darker cross-shades of rounded spots;
vertical tins dusky, faintly barred. Teeth of the female similar to
those of the male but smaller, head narrower, more slender. D. VII-
1A PAC Oa Se teeter Pee Seon ae OSC AS.
bb. or spines six ; ene doreal rays aeefisaoilnne cals in filaments. Head and
body compressed; greatest depth 53 times in total length, head about
4times. Angle of mouth little behind the center of the eye. Eye 4
in head. Teeth pointed, in several series, those of the outer series a
little enlarged. Caudal rounded. Head light yellow; a carmine-
- red bar extending along the upper edge of-head, from the upper cor-
ner of gill-opening to the snout, where it joins its fellow, ending be-
hind over the pectoral in a small indigo-blue spot; body with 16-17
light green, well-defined cross-bars separated by narrow white stripes.
Fins chiefly greenish. Dorsal VI-11. Anal 10.] (Steindachner.)
MULTIFASCIATUM, 49,
bbb. Dorsal spines four, the anterior filamentous. Body long, slender, depth 63 in
length; head long, slender, 35 in length; mouth large, the lower jaw
projecting; maxillary extending slightly beyond posterior edge of
orbit. Eye longer than snout 33 in head; snout rather pointed; in-
terorbital space less than pupil. Teeth small in villiform bands, the
outer series in the upper jaw slightly enlarged. Spinous dorsal high,
the spines slender, the anterior filamentous, considerably more than
greatest depth of body. Caudal short, 13 in head. Olivaceous,
vaguely barred, everywhere closely punctate with darker; lower parts
of head thickly punctate with dark dots like the sides; sides of body
and head with some faint pale spots; caudal with two distinct black
lengthwise bands; its upper and lower edges white, the middle part
colored like the body; dorsal and anal largely black, with pale edg-
ings. Dorsal IV-12. Anal 12 ....-...--.---------ZOSTERURUM, 50.
aa. Second dorsal long—of 15 to 17 rays; anal rays 12 to 17; mouth very large, the
maxillary extending considerably beyond the orbit, its length more
than half head.
f. [Body moderately slender, its depth 5 to 5}in body; head 3}; snout
slightly decurved in profile, 34 in head. Mouth a little oblique, the
jaws equal. Maxillary extending beyond middle of head, to a dis-
tance behind eye, equal to an eye’s diameter. Teeth in both jaws
beserial laterally, in 3 series in front; those of the outer series some-
what enlarged; fins low, the longest dorsal spine half head; caudal
shorter than head. Color brownish yellow ; upper parts of head and
body with small, irregularly placed brown spots and streaks; dor-
sals and caudal barred. D. IV to VI-16 or 17. A. 160r17.] (Stein-
GUCCI CT) ae ae eet aa eee ale erated orate erecta att yay LONGIPINNE, 51.
Sf. Body very long and slender, the depth 63 in length ; head 4}, long and
low, rather pointed anteriorly. Mouth very large, oblique, the lower
jaw slightly projecting ; maxillary extending to middle of cheek, its
length more than halfhead. Teeth in bands, slender, the outer some-
whatenlarged. Eye4tin head. Dorsal spines very slender and flexi-
ble. Caudal short. Light olivaceous; back, sides and upper fins
speckled with dark olive; caudal with 3 or 4 dark cross-bars. D.
NV re ANE tein eaineetele cinco ne cele slel= eietelelel=laiais(aiaia n= mien sjleiwieie <= Ios, 52,
508 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZ.
45. Gobiosoma ceuthcecum.
Gobiosoma ceuthecum Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 29 (Key
West); Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, 141 (Key West); Jordan,
Catalogue Fish. North America, 106, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.—West Indian fauna; Key West.
The single known specimen of this species was taken by Dr. Jordan
from the cavity of a sponge at Key West. It has no intimate relation
to the other species of the genus.
46. Gobiosoma histrio.
Gobiosoma histrio Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 260 (Guaymas, Mexico) ;
Jordan, Catalogue Fishes North America, 106, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.—Gulf of California.
The single known specimen of this species was sent to the U. S. Na-
tional Museum from Guaymas, by Mr. H. V. Emeric. The species is
closely related to the Gobiosoma molestum of the Gulf coast, differing
chiefly in the more pronounced coloration.
47. Gobiosoma molestum.
Gobiosoma molestum Girard, Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 169 (Indianola,
Tex.); Girard, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Survey, 27, plate 12, fig. 14, 1859,
(Indianola, Tex.); Giinther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 556, 1861 (copied) ;
Putnam, Amer. Nat. (Ohio R., near Louisville); Jordan, Man. Vert., Ed.
1, 1876, 246, Ed. 2-4, p. 257 (copied); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North
America, 638, 1883 (copied).
Gobiosoma alepidotum Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 297 (La-
guna Grande, at Pensacola).
Gobiosoma bosci Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 141 (Key West).
Habitat.—Gulf coast of United States.
This species seems to differ from G. bosci only in the less elongate
form. A full series of specimens will doubtless show intergradations
in this respect, and at the most G. molestum is probably only a south-
ern representative or variety of Gobiosoma bosci. It is common in shal-
low waters along the coast from Key West to Texas. Professor Put-
nam’s statement of its occurrence in the Ohio River is probably an error.
48. Gobiosoma bosci.
Gobius bosci Lacépéde, Poissons, ii, 555, 1798, plate 16, fig. 1 (Charleston).
Gobiosoma bosci Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 613 (Charleston,
8. C.); Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 324 (Indian River, Fla.); Jor-
dan, Catalogue Fish. North America, 106, 1885 (name only); Jenkins,
Johns Hopkins Univ. Circular No. 43, 1885, 11 (Beaufort, N. C.); Jordan,
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1886, 28 (Beaufort, N. C.).
Gobius alepidotus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 547, 1801 (after Lacépéde) ;
DeKay, Nat. Hist., New York, 160, plate xxiii, fig. 70, 1842 (New York) ;
Uhler & Lugger, Fishes of Maryland, 84, 1876 (Sinepuxent Bay).
Gobiosoma alepidotum Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast North America, 44, 1861;
Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1863, 269 (no specimen) ; Giinther, Cat.
Fish. Brit. Mus., iii, 85, 1861 (copied); Gill, Cat. Fish. East Coast North
America, 21, 1873 (no specimen) ; Goode, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 110
(east coast Florida) ; Jordan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 22 (St. John’s
River, Fla.); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 638, 1883.
Gobius viridipallidus Mitchill, Trans. Lit. and Phil. Soc., New York, i, 379,
plate i, fig. 8, 1814 (New York).
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 509
Habitat.—East coast of United States. Cape Cod to Florida.
‘This little fish is generally common on our Atlantic coast, especially
southward in shallow grassy bays. The name bosci, first given it by
Lacépéde, has priority over the commonly used alepidotum of Bloch &
Schneider.
49. Gobiosoma multifasciatum.
Gobiosoma multifasciatum Steindachner, Ichth. Beitrige, v. 183, 1870 (Lesser
Antilles).
Habitat.—West Indian fauna; Lesser Antilles.
We know this species only from the description of Dr. Steindachner,
who found it not uncommon about the Lesser Antilles.
50. Gobiosoma zosterurum.
Gobiosoma zosterurum Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 361 (Ma-
zatlan); Jordan & Gilbert, Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1882, 108 (Mazatlan);
Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North America, 106, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.—Gulf of California; Mazatlan.
This species is known only from the type taken by Professor Gilbert
at Mazatlan. The name zosterwrum (belted tail) is intended to refer to
the dark stripe on the caudal fin.
51. Gobiosoma longipinne.
Gobiosoma longipinne Steindachner, Icbth. Beitrige, viii, 27, 1879 (Las Ani-
mas, Gulf of California).
Habitat.—Gulf of California.
This species is known to us only from Dr. Steindachner’s description.
It differs widely from the foregoing species of the genus, and is prob-
ably an ally of the aberrant G. ios.
52. Gobiosoma ios.
Gobiosoma ios Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 437 (Vancouver's
Island); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 948, 1883 (Puget
Sound); Jordan, Cat. Fish. North America, 106, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.—Waters about Puget Sound.
The types of this species, two in number, were taken by Professors
Jordan and Gilbert in Saanich Arm, Vancouver’s Island. They were
found in the stomach of a specimen of Hexagrammus asper, taken in
water of some depth.
The species has evidently very little affinity with the type of Gobio-
soma, and when its skull is examined it may prove to be the type of a
distinct genus, perhaps allied to Gillichthys.
17. GILLICHTHYS.
GILLIcTHYsS Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1863, 109 (mirabilis).
GILLI4 Giinther, Zoological Record, 1865 (name preoccupied), (mirabilis).
SaccosTtoma (Guichenot MSS.), Sauvage, Bull. Sci. Philom. Paris, 1882, 171 (name
preoccupied), (gulosum).
Type Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper.
510 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA.
This genus is distinguished not only by the prolongation of the
maxillary, as in Opisthognathus and Neoclinus, but also by the form of
the skull. Besides the single American species, the Asiatic Gobius
mystacinus C. & V., and Saccostoma gulosum Guichenot, will probably
be found to belong to it. é
The clumsy name selected for this genus by Dr. Cooper can hardly
be set aside on account of its barbarous construction, as Dr. Giinther
has suggested. Besides, the more euphonious substitute, Gillia, is pre-
occupied, as is also the still later Saccostoma.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF GILLICHTHYS.
a. Body stout, somewhat compressed behind, broad and depressed anteriorly, its
greatest depth 5 timesin length. Head 3} in length, broader than high, its width
1}; its depth 2 or more in its length. Eyes small, 6 to7 in head; snout longer
than eye, low, little decurved ; interorbital area greater than eye. Maxillary
variable, extending to base of pectoral in adults, broadened behind. Fold of
lower lip extending its full length. Mouth very large, its angle extending to
below posterior angle of orbit. Teeth allalike, small, fixed, in bands; the band
of the lower jaw broader than that of upper. Scales small, cycloid, irregularly
placed ; largest from front of second dorsal backwards; decreasing in size for-
ward. Head, breast, belly, and half of nape naked. Dorsal spines not filamen-
tous, notas high as the soft rays, which are little more than half height of body.
Caudal broad, short, rounded. Pectorals broad and rounded ; their length half
head, longer than ventrals. Dull olive, very finely marbled with darker; sides
of head and maxillary finely punctate ; fins olive; belly and ventrals yellowish.
Dorsal Wlalo shana wil eos. aneeie piso ise See ce See eee eee eer MIRABILIS, 51.
53. Gillichthys mirabilis.
Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci, 1863, 109; Steindach-
ner, Ichth. Beitriige v. 147, 1876 (Oakland, Cal.); Lockington, Am. Nat-
uralist, 1877, 474 (San Francisco, ‘‘ Gulf of California”); Jordan & Gil-
bert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1880, 455 (‘‘ Puget Sound,” San Francisco; Santa
Barbara; San Pedro; San Diego); Rosa Smith, Fishes of San Diego Cal.,
1880 (San Diego, Cal.) ; Jordan & Jouy, Proc. U. S. Nat., Mus. 1881, 9
(San Diego); Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus, 1881, 53 (California,
south of San Francisco); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America,
636, 1883; Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North America, 106, 1885 (name only) ;
Rosa Smith, West. American Scientist, 1885, 46 (San Diego, Cal.).
Habitat. Coast of California from San Francisco to San Diego.
This singular species is very abundant in the mud flats in shallow
water along the coast of California. It burrows holes in the mud like
a cray-fish, and it readily takes the hook baited with flesh or worm,
when it is dropped into the mouth of the burrow. The locality, “ Pu-
get Sound,” given in the above synonymy is based on error, and the
locality ‘‘ Gulf of California,” given by Mr. Lockington, needs verifica-
tion.
18. TYPHLOGOBIUS.
TYPHLOGOBIUS Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., viii, 24, 1879 (californiensis).
OTHONOPS Rosa Smith, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus.,1881, 19 (eos=californiensis).
Type, Typhlogobius californiensis Steindachner.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 6511
This singular group consists of blind gobies, living like slugs under
rocks between tide marks. But one species is known.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF TYPHLOGOBIUS.
a. Body subcylindrical, the males more compressed behind; greatest depth 6 times in
length to base of caudal. Head very broad behind, its greatest width 3 its
length, which is-3} in body. Eye concealed, very small; distance from snout
to anterior border of eye 5in head. Interorbital space a mere ridge. Skin
about mouth and eye very loose; a small papilla in front of nasal opening.
Lower lip developed as a fold; another fold of skin behind it, bordered with
fine cilia; behind this fold is a row of short, thick papille. Teeth in both
jaws long, close set; those of the upper jaw in a broad band; the edge of the
jaw rounded. Spinous dorsal remote from soft dorsal in male, connected with it
by a low membrane; in female without any connection; soft dorsal much
higher than spines; caudal broad, rounded; anal very short, inserted under sixth
dorsal ray, coterminous with dorsal; pectorals little longer than veutrals, half
head. Body naked; male with small tubercular plates irregularly placed.
Dorsal II—12; anal 12; color uniform light pink -....-... CALIFORNIENSIS, 54.
54. Typhlogobius californiensis.
Typhlogobius californiensis Steindachner, Ichth. Beitriige, viii, 24, 1879 (False
Bay, San Diego, Cal.); Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 639,
1883 (San Diego, Cal.); Rosa Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 234
(Todos Santos Bay, Lower Cal.); Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North Amer-
ica, 106, 1885 (name only); Rosa Smith, West. American Scientist, 1885,
46 (San Diego, Cal.).
Othonops eos Rosa Smith, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1881, 19 (Point Loma, Cal.);
Jordan and Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1881, 53 (Point Loma, Cal.).
. Habitat.—Coast of Southern California; vicinity of San Diego, and
southward.
This little fish is very abundant under rocks at low-tide about Point
Loma, near San Diego. Nearly all of the known specimens have been
collected by Miss Rosa Smith. The specimens before us are from Pont
Loma and Todos Santos.
19. TYNTLASTES.
TYNTLASTES Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1862, 193 (Sagitta).
Type, Amblyopus sagitta Giinther.
This genus consists of two species, both unknown to us.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF TYNTLASTES.
a. [Dorsal, VI-15; anal, 15; depth, 8 in length to base of caudal; head, 44; eyes
minute; jaws with a series of longish, wide set teeth; caudal fin black.] (Giin-
UIUC TD) fare crenre a ee age ee ie aes ere aN Na eh as atta ey eee eae BREVIS, 55.
aa. [Dorsal, VI-21; anal, 21. Body and head elongate, compressed. Depth of body
92 in length, head, 53. Maxillary reaching to behind eye; teeth sub-horizontal,
very small; scales becoming larger posteriorly. Caudal arrow-shaped, about
one-fourth length of body; pectoral as long as ventral, half as long as head.
Grayish, sides and below silvery; an ovate gray spot before each dorsal ray ;
caudallioray;ihy (Gunther) ess ass) sor fae eco nee ce emcee cme asec SAGITTA, 56.
512 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA.
55. Tyntlastes brevis.
Amblyopus brevis Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1864, 151 (Pacific coast, Panama).
Giinther, Fish. Central America, 441, 1869 (copied).
Habitat.—Panama fauna.
This species is kuown to us only from the description of Dr. Giinther.
56. Tyntlastes sagitta.
Amblyopus sagitta Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc., London, 1862, 193 (Califernia).
Tyntlastes sagitta Jordan & Gilbert, Syn. Fish. North America, 639, 1883
(copied) ; Jordan, Catalogue Fish. North America, 106, 1885 (name only).
Habitat.—(lower ?) California.
This species is known only from the description of Dr. Giinther.
20. GOBIOIDES.
GOBIOIDES Lacépéde, ii, 280, 1798 (broussoneti).
OGNICHODES Swainson, Nat. Hist., Class’n Anim., ii, 1839, 183 and 278 (broussoneti).
Type, Gobioides broussoneti Lacépéde.
This genus seems to be represented within the region covered by this
paper, by a single species, widely distributed in the tropical rivers. A
second species, Gobioides peruanus Steindachner, occurs in Peru.
From Tenioides (= Amblyopus) the genus Gobioides seems to be dis-
tinguished by much smaller number of rays in its vertical fins.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF GOBIOIDES.
a. Body elongate, head 5} to 7 in length; caudal 3} to5 in length. Mouth oblique,
maxillary extending beyond eye. Teeth in bands; the outer series enlarged,
shorter and closer set than in Gobioides peruanus. Eye small, 7 to 10 times in
head (half as large as in specimens of Gobioides peruanus of same size); inter-
orbital area 1 to 13 diameter of eye. Scales twice as large as in peruanus,
those of the anterior part of body not imbricated, much smaller than those of
posterior part. Violet bars extending downward and forward on the upper half
of body ; sometimes a violet spot with a lighter or darker dot at the end of the
bars. Head marbled or spotted with dark violet or brown. Dorsals united, vii,
GAG ape DE ee ee ele BROUSSONETI, 57.
57. Gobioides broussoneti.
Gobioides broussoneti Lacépéde, ii, 280, 1798 (probably from Surinam); Cu-
vier, ‘‘Régne Anim. DL, Poiss., plate 80, f. 3, 1818” (not of Cuv. & Val.?
nor of Giinther, whose species is the Pacific coast G. perwanus).
Amblyopus broussoneti Steindachner, Fisch-Arten um Guayaquil, 43, 1879
(Cuba, Amazon, Rio Janeiro).
? Gobius brasiliensis Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 1801, 69 (on a drawing
by Prince Maurice).
Gobius brasiliensis Cuv. & Val., Hist. Nat. Poiss., xii, 121, 1837 (Martinique).
Gobius oblongus Bloch & Schneider, Syst. Ichth., 548, 1801 (based on Lacépédé).
Gobioides barreto Poey, Memorias de Cuba, 282, 1861 (Cuba) ; Poey, Synopsis
Pisce. Cub., 394, 1868 (Cuba); Poey, Enum. Pisce. Cub., 125, 1876 (Cuba),
? Amblyopus mexicanus O’Shaughnessy, ‘‘ Ann. Mag. of Nat. Hist., ser. iv, vol.
xv, 1875, 147 (Mexico.’’).
Habitat.—Fresh waters of the West Indies, Eastern Mexico and
South America.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 513
We have had no opportunity to study this Species, and have drawn
our knowledge of it chiefly from Steindachner. The original type of
the species, belonging to a collection “« given by Holland to France,” prob-
ably came from Surinam, and, therefore, probably belongs to this spe-
cies, rather than to G. perwanus. The Gobioides barreto is doubtless the
Same, as Steindachner has shown. The description of Amblyopus mex-
icanus we have not Seen, and we take the reference to it from Stein-
dachner. The type of Gobius brasiliensis Cuvier & Valencienues,
examined by Dr. Jordan in Paris, apparently belongs to Gobioides
broussoneti. It is probable that the Gobius brasiliensis of Bloch &
Schneider is the same, although they give the fin rays of their specimen
as D. XVIII-21, A. 19,
NOTES ON SKELETONS.
Lophogobius cyprinoides.
Skull very broad and Short; distance from posterior edge of orbit to
occiput 12 in its width; an angle formed at the occiput. A low, me-
dian crest, highest behind. Double crests of temporal region joining
at the upper posterior angles of the eyes and forming a bridge over the
interorbital area. The crests end abruptly above the anterior part of
the orbit, forming a decided angle. The bridged interorbital leaves
a large foramen in front of this angle. A slight ridge along the middle
of the interorbital.
Vertebree, 11415.
Teeth in the upper jaw ina band, those of the outer series large, all
of the same size, the inner series minute; those of the lower jaw ina
band, the outer series somewhat enlarged, the innermost teeth strongly
recurved, remote, somewhat enlarged ; other teeth minute.
Gobius soporator.
Skull posteriorly much as in Z. cyprinoides, but the median crest re-
duced to a slight ridge. The lateral crests very high and closely ap-
proximated, rising obliquely outwards ; the inner crests meet behind
the eye, the outer ones form a very high border about the orbit. Inter-
orbital very narrow and deep, with a median ridge.
Vertebre, 11 + 16,
Teeth of the upper jaw in a broad band, those of the outer series
much enlarged, the inner ones minute, brush-like. Teeth of the lower
jaw in a band, the inner and outer series equally enlarged, the median
ones minute. A few of the teeth of the inner series near the angle of
the mouth specially enlarged, those of the outer series in the same
region smaller or absent.
Gobius boleosoma.
Skull rounded behind, no ridges nor crests. The crests at the side
minute. Interorbital very narrow.
Proc. N. M. 86-——33 November 26, 1886,
514 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDZ.
Gobius oceanicus.
Skull behind eye broad and short, its length 14 in width, no decided
ridges nor crests; lateral crests large and stout behind, minute forward.
Interorbital area narrow, deeply grooved, with a median ridge.
Vertebre, 11 + 15.
Chonophorus taiasica.
Skull rounded behind, with a very short crest in its middle; lateral
crests high and thin, converging into one opposite the insertion of the
suprascapula. The inner crests do not meet behind the eye; the outer
ones extend around the orbit. A low, blunt ridge between the posterior
corners of the orbit, becoming much higher forward, continued as the
ethmoid and ending abruptly some distance in advance of the orbit.
Teeth in the upper jaw in a few series, those of the outer series many
times larger than the others, which are minute; those of the lower jaw
all alike small, in a band.
Microgobius gulosus.
Skull flattened behind, with a median ridge extending from the eyes
back to end of skull. Double crests border the skull in front and on
sides. The inner ones meetin front of median crest. Interorbital very
narrow and deeply grooved, with a median ridge. Frontal bones very
thin and fragile.
Vertebre, 11 + 15.
Teeth on both jaws in narrow bands, all alike.
Microgobius signatus.
Skull rounded, very fragile. A median crest which is highest between
the eyes. Lateral crests developed ; the inner ones meeting above the
posterior part of theeye. Interorbital comparatively broad, the median
crest ending above the anterior part of the orbit.
Vertebre, 14 + 15.
Teeth in both jaws, in two or three series, the outer series of the
upper jaw enlarged and recurved, the inner ones minute. The outer
series of the lower jaw smaller than those of the upper jaw, the one
nearest angle of mouth an enlarged canine.
Gobiosoma molestum.
Skull flattish, with a slight median keel. Lateral crests developed,
lower and stronger than in Gobius. Interorbital very narrow, bounded
by two minute crests. Bones of the skull very weak and fragile.
Vertebrie, 12 + 15.
Teeth in both jaws recurved, in two or three series.
Gillichthys mirabilis.
Skull not abruptly widened behind eye, as in Gobius, being triangular’
posteriorly. No lateral ridges; a strong median keel; a short trans-
1886. ] 515
verse crest behind orbit. Interorbital not deeply grooved, with a blunt
median ridge. Orbit not bordered by any prominent ridges.
Vertebre 15417.
Teeth in both jaws, close set, in bands, all alike.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Typhlogobius californiensis.
Skull highest at its posterior end, depressed forward; the bones all
thick and strong. No lateral crests; a median keel which is lowest
behind. Orbit not bounded by any ridges. Interorbital a mere ridge,
Two keels diverge from the posterior end of the median keel to the in-
sertion of the suprascapula. Premaxillaries and mandible very long.
Vertebre 17 + 13.
Teeth of the upper jaw all alike, in a broad band, those of the lower
jaw in a narrow band, the inner ones apparently larger.
List of nominal species of North American Gobies, with identifications.
[Tenable specific names are in italics. ]
Nominal species. Date. Identification.
Goblins occanicus Pallas earieclenbes —= eh oehi =loim = pies ence nics sl | 1769 | Gobius oceanicus.
Gobiusieypminoides Pallas -. 25. 5). Se ee sce nc ence name ome 1770 | Lophogobius cyprinoides.
GobiuslanceslatustBlochs-2-2423----6-b 22. cs coco ne ena 1783 | Gobius oceanicus.
Gobiusi plume it IBloe bi ee ersem a= -m ee ele = = <niniaieiomaleine nara 'elo 1786 | Sicydium plumieri.
Cropins 7207s Gmelin yen see neclacs sincieesisietiemine eS = bs Ceiee ale ale 1788 | Eleotris pisonis.
Scisnaaeceulate Bloch) s222 oi ok. Wee Soe ee sc acn 1792 | Dormitator maculatus.
Gobius amorea Walbamm.......--.. 22.2. ------------------- | 1792 | Eleotris pisonis.
Gobiusivoset Lbacépodere =. ssceece sceeees se stesenicecii-S ane 1798 | Gobiosoma bosci.
Gobioides broussoneti Lacépéde..-.--..----------------------- 1798 | Gobioides broussoneti.
Gobiomorus dormitor Lacépéde.....------------------------ | 1798 | Gobiomorus dormitor.
Gobius brasiliensis Bloch & Schneider........--.----..----- 1801 | ? Gobioides broussoneti.
Batrachus guavina Bloch & Schneider. -.--...-...---..---.--- 1801 | Gobiomorus dormiter.
Platycephalus dormitator Bloch & Schneider..-..........--. 1801 | Gobiomorus dormitor.
Gobius alepidotus Bloch & Schneider. .----..----.---------- 1801 | Gobiosoma bosci.
Gobius oblongus Bloch & Schneider ..---...---.-.--.-.------ 1801 | Gobioides broussoneti.
Gobius vinidipallidus: Mitchill 20.5.2 2.02). 2. sa see-- ec nae 1814 | Gobiosoma bosci.
Gobiustatasica Lichtenstein 22-2. - 2222b 2---2 <2 = -c0-55-| 1822 | Chonophorus taiasica.
Mleotris (atyfrone WIChardson tense eae eee caine species oa 1837 | Dormitator latifrons.
Gobius soporator Cuvier & Valenciennes. -...--..--..------- 1887 | Gobius soporator.
Gobius flavus Cuvier & Valenciennes. ....-..--.---..------- 1837 | Chonophorus flavus.
Gobius banana Cuvier & Valenciennes ..--..-.----..------. 1837 | Chonophorus taiasica.
Gobius martinicus Cuvier & Valenciennes.-...-.------...--- 1837 Chonophorus taiasica.
Gobius bacalaus Cuvier & Valenciennes ........-...----.--- 1837 Gobius oceanicus.
Gobius smaragdus Cuvier & Valenciennes. .........-------- 1837 Gobius smaragdus.
Gobins brasiliensis Cuvier & Valenciennes ...----.---.----. 1837 | Gobioides broussoneti.
Gobius cristagalli Cuvier & Valenciennes ....-....-.--.---- 1837 Lophogobius eyprinoides.
Eleotris gyrinus Cuvier & Valenciennes .-....-.--.-..-.---- 1837 | Eleotris pisonis.
Eleotris guavina Cuvier & Valenciennes..-......-...-------- 1837 Guavina guavina.
Eleotris mugiloides Cuvier & Valenciennes .......--..----- 1837 | Dormitator maculatus.
Eleotris smaragdus Cuvier & Valenciennes ...-.-.--------. 1837 Eleotris smaragdus.
Eleotris sima Cuvier & Valenciennes.-..........------------ 1837 | Dormitator maculatus.
Gobiuseracilis'Girand ses setenwasce eco ee eeeeceteecice - | Lepidogobius lepidus.
GODmMs ewer ty Giralde ese Seen emerge Cee cose en eeeee Lepidogobius newberrii.
Ctenogobius fasciatus Gill ........---.----- | Gobius fasciatus.
Gobionellus hastatus Girard Gobius oceanicus.
Gobiusiivmeusi Girard. aes. eeeeee eas eecees Gobius lyricus.
Gobius wiirdemanni Girard ? Gobius lyricus.
Gobius;catulns Girardi ses seseeeser meses es svae ake Gobius soporator.
Gobiusyoulosus:Girarde coc seee ace eee ee ree eee ee nese Microgobius gulosus.
Gobiosoma molestum Girard Gobiosoma molestum.
Hleotris somnolentus) Girard: 2222. cecee nc seen costs eaceee | 1859°| Eleotris pisonis.
Evorthodusiorevicens Gilles. se coe cect cance tae cee mam eseyaniate | 1859 | Evorthodus breviceps.
Gobiusilenidus(Girardl)s sso secesecinac cen cesec cise ce ten cee ees | 1859 | Lepidogobius lepidus.
Philypnus lateralis Gill. ......-.-..-------------------------| 1860 | Gobiomorus lateralis.
Gobiusanezicanus Gunthenenoecsee nse see tee cues cceenene | 1861 | Chonophorus mexicanus.
Gobiusiparadorus Gunther sess. c seen eee ncoee soe oleae | 1861 | Gobius paradoxus.
Gobius seminudus Giinther....--- Benes wacnerite anaes ckisces | 1861 | Gobius seminudas.
ODIs Saguehula) Guuther=-sescee ee cee eae ee cer looses alee | ls61 | Gobius sagittula.
Eleotris omocyaneus Poey.----. SLRS emeiae eis 2e/e fa eso | 1861 | Dormitator maculatus.
Hisoiisigun dlachisPoeysssccuseseeee eene ence ene ee eee oe | 1861 | Dormitator maculatus.
Hropelisnvalen ciennesiyPoew ssoseaesasee so aeeee ae eeaeanee 1861 | Erotelis smaragdas.
Chonophorus bucculentus Poey .-....--..2..-2-eecene-----e 1861 | Chonophorus taiasica.
CropinsyMmApo: Boey sa eas oa. cae ae eae eee ewes sate ectee one 1861 | Gobius soporator.
516 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIIDA:.
List of nominal species of North American Gobies, with identifications—Continued.
Nominal species. Date. Identification.
SS ——
Gobius lacertus Pocy - .---------<------- 2999995 Gobius soporator. |
Sicydium siragus Poey ------------+---- Sicydium plumieri.
Smaragdus valenciennesi Poey Gobius smaragdus.
Smaragdus costalesi Poey -----------------* Gobius lyricus.
Smaragdus stigmaticus Poey .---------------20rtert rr Gobius stigmaticus.
Gobioides barreto Poey .--------------277t rt 0t77 0777 ...| 1861 | Gobioides proussoneti.
Gobius lineatus Poey .---------------------- 00077500 1861 | Gobius sp.
Rhinogobius contractus Poey.------------++++--7 05777077 1861 | Chonophorus taiasica.
Amblyopus sagitta Giinther....-+-----+------5rerrttrr rrr 1862 | Tyntlastes sagitta.
Dormitator microphthalmus Galle eee ae ee ernnne na 1863 | Dormitator latifrons.
Coryphopterus glaucofrenum Gall): boo. 6252. ne === = = 1863 | Gobius glaucofrenum.
Gobius carolinensis Gill ..-.------------+--s2rerr rrr 1863 | Gobius soporator.
Dormitator lineatus Gill ..----------------sererr rrr 1863 | Dormitator latifrons.
Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper. .-----------+-2-5----0 7007077" 1863 | Gillichthys mirabilis.
Eleotris picta Kner & Steindachner ----------------+-----7" 1864 | Eleotris pisonis.
Eleotris seminuda Giinther. ----------------205r00 rrr 1864 | Gymneleotris seminuda.
Eleotris longiceps Giinther- --.-------------+5770000 700 1864 | Gobiomorus longiceps.
Amblyopus brevis Giinther --------------+50rrrtsttr rrr 1864 | Tyntlastes brevis.
Gobius poeyi Steindachner. --.--------------er e777 7577 Gobius poeyi.
Gobius brunneus Poey.-..--------------2250 rr | Gobius sp.
Gobius dolichocephalus Cope ------------+---+rr ttt rrr Chonophorus taiasica.
| Gobiosoma nultifasciatum.
Gobiosoma multifasciatum Steindachner --
| Eleotris amblyopsis.
Eleotris amblyopsis Cope .-----------------
Culius perniger Cope .--------------7--77777" Eleotris pisonis.
Amblyopus mexicanus O'Shaughnessy --------+------------ Gobioides broussoneti.
Microgobius signatus Poey --------------000 tert Microgobius signatus.
Gobius kraussit Steindachner..--_-----------+-55007 0500007 Gobius kraussi.
Typhlogobius californiensis Steindachner- ------------------ Typhlogobius californiensis.
Gobiosoma longipinne Steindachner ---.----------+---77--7- Gobiosoma longipinne.
Culius belizanus Sauvage -.-------------22rt errr 1879 | Eleotris belizana.
Othonops eos Rosa Smith -.----------.---rrereererr rr 1881 | 'yphlogobius californiensis.
Gobiosoma zosterurum Jordan & Gilbert ..-.--------------- 1881 | Gobiosoma zosterurum.
Culius equidens Jordan & Gilbert.-.-.--------------<=---<° 1881 | Eleotris equidens.
Gobius nicholsi Bean -.------------- RES Se esteencae sees 1881 | Gobius nicholsi.
Gobius emblematicus Jordan & Gilbert ...------------------ 1881 | Microgobius.emblematicus.
Gobius boleosoma Jordan & Gilbert-.---------------*5+7777" 1882 | Gobius boleosoma.
Toglossus calliwrus Bean eee sates Sacto ee ee ae seen 1882 | Ioglossus calliurus.
_Gobius etigmaturus Goode & Bean .-...--.------+-----+---- 1882 | Gobius stigmaturus.
Gobiosoma ios Jordan & Gilbert. ------------++--+-- 70000777 1882 | Gobiosoma ios.
Gobius enceomus Jordan & Gilbert -----------------2++777" 1882 | Gobius enceomus.
Gobius thalassinus Jordan & Gilbert -----------------2577" Microgobius thalassinus.
Gobiosoma ceuthecum Jordan & Gilbert Gobiosoma ceuthcecum.
Gobiosoma histrio Jordan & Gilbert ------------ Gobiosoma histrio.
Sicydium antillarum Grant. ---------------+------ sae Sicydium plumieri.
Sicydium gymnogaster Grant .-------------+-+-777 00 ttt 7 Sicyopterus gymnogaster.
Sicydium salvini Grant. .-.----------------2rc errr 1884 | Sicyopterus salvini.
Gobius shufeldti Jordan & Higenmann.-------------------"- 1886 | Gobius shufeldti.
RECAPITULATION.
(U, Atlantic coasts of United States; C, California fauna; W, West
Indian fauna; P, Panama fauna.)
1. IoGLossus Bean.
1. Ioglossus calliurus Bean. U.
2. Gopromorus Lacépéde.
2, Gobiomorus lateralis Gill. P.
3. Gobiomorus dormitor Lacépéde. W, U.
4, Gobiomorus longiceps Giinther. W.
3. DormiTATOR Gill.
5. Dormitator maculatus Bloch. W, U.
6. Dormitator latifrons Richardson. iP
4. Guavina Bleeker.
7. Guavina guavina Cuv. & Val. W.
5, ELEOTRIS Gronow.
8, Eleotris amblyopsis Cope. W, U.
9. Eleotris pisonis Gmelin. W, U.
10. Eleotris equidens Jordan & Gilbert. re
11. Eleotris belizana Sauvage. W.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 517
6.
wD
10.
11,
12.
13.
14,
15.
16.
EROTELIS Poey.
12. Erotelis smaragdus Cuv. & Val. W, U.
GYMNELEOTRIS Bleeker. (Doubtful genus, imperfectly known.)
13. Gymneleotris seminuda Giinther. P.
. Stcyprum Cuvier & Valenciennes.
14. Sicydium plumieri Bloch. W. (Perhaps includes two species.)
. SICYOPTERUs Gill. (Genus not clearly defined.)
15. Sicyopterus gymnogaster Grant. P.
16. Sicyopterus salvini Grant. P.
EvortTHovws Gill.
17. Evorthodus breviceps Gill. W.
Lorxocostus Gill.
18. Lophogobius cyprinoides Pallas. W.
GoBIus (Artedi) Linneus.
19. Gobius soporator Cuy. & Val. WrUse:
20. Gobius nicholsi Bean. C., (Perhaps adult of the next.)
21. Gobius glaucofrenum Gill. ©,
22. Gobius stigmaturus Goode & Bean. U.
23. Gobius shufeldti Jordan & Eigenmann. U.
24, Gobius boleosoma Jordan & Gilbert. U.
25. Gobius fasciatus Gill. W. (Species imperfectly known.)
26. Gobius stigmaticus Poey. W,U.
27. Gobius enceomus Jordan & Gilbert. U.
28. Gobius lyricus Girard. W, U.
29. Gobius smaragdus Cuv. & Val. W,U.
30. Gobius poeyi Steindachner, W.
31. Gobius kraussi Steindachner. W.
32. Gobius sagittula Giinther. P.
33. Gobius oceanicus Pallas. W,U.
34, Gobius paradoxus Giinther. P.,
35. Gobius seminudus Giinther, P.
CHONOPHORUS Poey. (Perhaps identical with the Asiatic Rhinogobius.)
36. Chonophorus flavus C. & V. W.
37. Chonophorus taiasica Lichtenstein. W, P.
38. Chonophorus mexicanus Giinther. W.
LEPIDOGOBIUS Gill.
§ Lepidogobius.
39. Lepidogobius lepidus Girard. C.
§ Eucyclogobius Gill.
40. Lepidogobius newberrii Girard. C.
MICROGOBIUS Poey.
41. Microgobius gulosus Girard. U,
42. Microgobius thalassinus Jordan & Gilbert. U.
43. Microgobius signatus Poey. W.
44, Microgobius emblematicus Jordan & Gilbert. P.
GOBIOSoMa Girard.
45. Gobiosoma ceuthacum Jordan & Gilbert. U.
46. Gobiosoma histrio Jordan. P.
47. Gobiosoma molestum Girard. U. (Probably a variety of the next.)
48. Gobiosoma bosci Lacépede. U.
49. Gobiosoma multifasciatum Steindachner. W.
50. Gobiosoma zosterurum Jordan & Gilbert. P.
51. Gobiosoma longipinne Steindachner. P,
52. Gobiosoma ios Jordan & Gilbert. C.
518 REVIEW OF NORTH AMERICAN GOBIID.
17. GILLICHTHYS Cooper.
53. Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper. C.
18. TyPHLOGOBIUS Steindachner.
54. Typhlogobius californiensis Stemdachner. C.
19. TyNTLASTES Giinther.
55. Tyntlastes brevis Giinther. P.
56. Tyntlastes sagitta Giinther. Pe
20. GoprorpEs Lacépéde.
57. Gobioides broussoneti Lacépede. W.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, September 17, 1886.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 519
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBSPECIES OF CYCLORHIS FROM
YUCATAN.
By ROBERT RIDGWAY.
Cyclorhis flaviventris yucatanensis, subsp. nov.
SUBSP. CHAR.—Similar to C. flaviventris LAFR., but lower parts much
paler yellow, olive-green of upper parts duller, and ash on top of head
without any brownish tinge.
Adult female (type, No. 37917, 2 ad., U.S. Nat. Mus., Merida, Yucatan,
Feb. 19, 1865; A. Schott) : Crown, occiput, and hind neck dull ash-gray,
bordered anteriorly and laterally by a broad superciliary stripe of light
rufous, this crossing anterior portion of forehead ; rest of upper parts
uniform, rather light, grayish olive-green; sides of head (including
maJar region and auriculars) light ash-gray ; entire lower parts pale
yellow. Wing 3.25, tail 2.70, culmen .75, bill from nostril .42, tarsus .90.
The specimen selected as the type is decidedly the most deeply colored
of three, two others collected by Mr. George F. Gaumer, one at Temax,
in June, the other at Merida, in March, being still more unlike Mexican
and Guatemalan specimens (four each) of C. flaviventris proper. In the
example collected in June, the forehead and superciliary stripes are dull
ochraceous, with only a slight rufous tinge; but in the one taken in
March the color is deeper, being, in fact, exactly intermediate in tint
between that of the other two specimens. The yellow of the lower
parts, however, is exactly the same in all, and very much paler than in
the palest of the eight examples of true C. flaviventris with which they
have been compared.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MYIARCHUS, PRESUMABLY
FROM THE ORINOCO DISTRICT OF SOUTH AMERICA.
By ROBERT BIDGWAY.
Myiarchus coalei, sp. nov.
Sp. CHAR.—Most resembling M. nigriceps Scu., but much smaller,
with throat and chest deeper ash, belly and flanks paler yellow, back
darker olive, both webs of tail-feathers edged with fulvous, and middle
wing-coverts conspicuously tipped with pale buffy or buffy whitish.
Adult (type No. 106040, U.S. Nat. Mus.): Entire pileum sooty black;
back, scapulars, lesser wing-coverts, rump, and upper tail-coverts plain
dark olive, darkest anteriorly; wings and tail blackish; middle wing-
coverts abruptly and very distinetly tipped with buffy whitish; greater
coverts edged with light olive, but without light tips; tertials edged
with buffy white; secondaries edged, except near base, with pale rusty
or fulvous; tail-feathers edged on both webs with pale rusty or ful-
vous; lores, malar region, chin, throat, and chest ash-gray, darkest lat-
erally; rest of under parts pale sulphur-yellow; bill and feet wholly
deep black. Length (skin) 5.50, wing 2.75, tail 2.75, exposed culmen
.06, width of bill at frontal feathers .30, tarsus .70.
The type specimen was kindly presented to the National Museum by
Mr. H. K. Coale, of Chicago, to whom I take great pleasure in dedicating
the species.
520
[Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 1886.]
'1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 521,
ON A PROBABLE HYBRID BETWEEN DRYOBATES NUTTALLII
(GAMB.) AND D. PUBESCENS GAIRDNERII (AUD.).
By ROBERT RIDGWAY.
No. 39456, U.S. National Museum collection of birds, is labeled and has
always passed for, *‘ Picus nuttallit ;” but a recent critical examination of
the extensive series of that species and its several allies in the national
collection has resulted in the discovery of such 4 number of abnormal
characters possessed by the specimen in question as to lead irresistibly
to the conclusion that it cannot be referred, without qualification, to
that, nor, indeed, to any other known species. That it is a new or dis-
tinct species is very strongly discredited by the circumstance that in
every character wherein it departs from the diagnostic characters of D.
nuttallit it agrees with D. pubescens gairdnerii—every feature of size,
form, and coloration being exactly intermediate between the two, and
thus justify the theory of its being a veritable hybrid between the two
species. In order to render this more clear to the reader the facts may
be tabulated as follows:
Measurements.
|
Wing Tail. | Culmen. as peved
D. nuttallii (No. 98450, f' ad., Red Bluff, Cal.)....-. AS SE a wisla wet 4.10 2. 80 98 . 80
Supposed hybrid (No. 39456, ¢ ad., San Francisco, Cal.) ..---- 3. 85 2. 70 . 85 - 69
D. gairdnervi (No. 3898, f' ad., California).....-..-. --..------ 3.70 2. 40 . 80 - 65
Coloration.
D. nuttallii. Supposed hybrid. D. gairdnerii.
Black, with a few white
Crown) s-csc-5-5252-—% Black, conspicuously Entirely uniform black.
streaked with white. streaks, next to red oc-
cipital patch.
Red occipital patch. 4 Hae wide at widest 7080 Wide at widest ! .30 wide at widest part.
part. part.
IBROCK ico isclceccomcwacls | Regularly barred with | Irregularly barred and | Broadly striped down
black and white, the transversely spotted middle with white.
bars of the former color with white, the white
rather broader. bars considerably
broader than the black
ones, and anteriorly
broken or modified into
large spots, some of
them longitudinal in
direction.
Middle wing-coverts -| Conspicuously spotted | Plain black.............. Plain black.
with white.
Greater wing-coverts.| Crossed by two rows of | The three or four middle | The two middle feathers
large white spots (the feathers each with one each with one small
first concealed by small white spot, the | white spot, the rest
| middle coverts). rest plain black. | plain black.
* The apparently greater width of the red occipital patch in the supposed hybrid than in D. nuttallit
is no doubt owing to the different position of the head in the two skins, that of the former having the
head bent at a right angle to the body, while the latter has it straightened out on the same line.
In two
specimens of D. nutiallii which have the head bent in the same way as in the supposed hybrid, the
width (lengthwise) of the red patch is 1.00 and 1.10 respectively.
522
Coloration—Continued.
A PROBABLE HYBRID OF DRYOBATES. ~ /
Tertials. <2 4- 44002 de
Sides of breast-..-.----
Under tail-coverts. ...
D. nuttallii.
Broadly banded or trans-
versely spotted with
white, nearly all of the
white spots crossing or
touching the shaft.
Marked with large wedge-
shaped, tear-shaped,
and otherwise formed
spots and streaks of
black.
Marked with large black
spots, mostly of round-
ish form.
Conspicuously barred and
transversely spotted
with black.
Broadly barred with
black.
Supposed hybrid.
Irregularly spotted with
white, none of the spots
touching the shaft.
Marked with a very few,
mostly indistinct, black
streaks.
Sparsely and indistinetly
streaked, like sides of
breast.
Indistinetly spotted and
streaked with blackish.
More narrowly barred
with black on longer
feathers, marked with
sagittate spots on
shorter ones.
D. gairdnerii.
With still fewer white
spots, none of them
touching the shaft.
Entirely immaculate.
Entirely immaculate.
Entirely immaculate.
Marked with sagittate
spots on longer feath-
ers, the shorter ones
immaculate.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 523
DESCRIPTION OF AN APPARENTLY NEW SPECIES OF PICOLAPTES,
FROM THE LOWER AMAZON.
By ROBERT RIDGWAY.
Picolaptes rikeri, sp. nov.
Sp. CHAR.—Adult male: Head and neck streaked with deep black
and pure white, the streaks narrowest on auriculars, the white ones
narrower on pileum and cervix, broader on chin and throat, where the
black is reduced to a narrow edging to the feathers; remaining lower
parts black, varied with white, the markings changing gradually trom
an irregular rhomboid and guttate longitudinal form on chests, to regu-
lar transverse bars on lower tail-coverts, where the white bars are de-
cidedly narrower than the black ones; back, scapulars, wing-coverts,
tertials, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail, uniform bright rufous, the
feathers of back with slightly paler shafts; secondaries with outer webs
partly or wholly rufous; alula, primary-coverts, primaries, and inner
webs of secondaries, plain dull black. Length (skin), 8 inches; wing,
4.10; tail, 3.65; culmen (exposed), 1.20; bill from nostrii, .78; tarsus,
80.
Type, No. 109, 221, U. S. National Museum, Diamantina, near San-
tarem, Lower Amazons, August 1, 1884; C. B. Riker, collector.
This handsome species, of very striking appearance, is entirely dif-
ferent in coloration from any Dendrocolaptine bird with which I am
acquainted or of which I have been able to find a description. The
type specimen, the only one obtained, was kindly presented to the Na-
tional Museum by Mr. C. B. Riker, of New York City, after whom I
take pleasure in naming it.
ON THE STATUS OF SYNTHLIBORAMPHUS WUMIZUSUME AS A
NORTH AMERICAN BIRD.
By LEONHARD STEJNEGER.
The claim of Synthliboramphus wumizusume to be regarded a North
American bird rests solely on the three specimens enumerated by Mr.
Cassin in Baird’s “ Birds of North America,” p. 917, and since Cooper
and Suckley, in 1860 (Rep. Expl. Surv. R. R. Pacif., Vol. XII, Book
II, part iii, p. 287), reported this species ‘“‘quite common during the
late fall and winter months on Puget Sound,” and residing, ‘during
winter, in the sound and bays of the Territory [Washington] in large
numbers, though not gregarious,” no trustworthy collector has met with
Temminck’s Murrelet in American waters, that I am aware of.
One of the specimens referred to above, a fragment received from the
late Mr. J. Gould as coming from the “ northwest coast of America,”
seems to be no longer in existence. The other two I have examined
carefully, with the result that I find them to be nothing else than
winter specimens of the common Starik, or ‘Ancient Murrelet” (Synth-
liboramphus antiquus). This is especially true of No. 5987, collected by
Dr. J. G. Cooper at Fort Gamble, W. T., which in every respect, color
and dimensions, closely agrees with typical S. antiquus. Hqually typi-
cal is another specimen in the collection of the National Museum, No.
68351, from a much more southern locality, collected, as it was, by Prof.
W. H. Dall, “‘ off Monterey Bay, Cal.,” January 24, 1874. No. 9911, col-
lected by Dr. Cooper at Shoalwater Bay, W. T., has the bill slightly
longer (about 14™") than the other specimens, and the middle toe a lit-
tle shorter (about 13") than usual; but otherwise it does not differ, and
the shape of the bill is that of S. antiquus, being very compressed
anteriorly.
Until authenticated and undoubted American specimens are found, it
may be expedient to remove Synthliboramphus wumizusume to the “ Hy-
pothetical List” (A. O. U. Check L., p. 347). It is a case in many re-
spects completely paraliel to that of Cepphus carbo.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, October 9, 1886.
Since the above was written, I have examined a specimen in the col-
lection of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, labeled S. zowmizusume.
It was collected in Alaska, and presented by Professor George Davidson.
It is undoubtedly a S. antiquus.
NOVEMBER 16, 1886.
524
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 525
NOTES ON TYPICAL SPECIMENS OF FISHES DESCRIBED BY CU-
VIER AND VALENCIENNES AND PRESERVED IN THE MUSEE
D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE IN PARIS.
By DAVID STARR JORDAN.
The writer spent two weeks of the month of July, 1886, in the mu-
seum at Paris, in the examination of the original types of species of
fishes described by Cuvier and Valenciennes. The most important of
the notes thus made, with the conclusions to be drawn from them, are
given in the present paper. A few notes on specimens in the British
Museum are also included.
The writer wishes again to express his many obligations to Dr. Léon
Vaillant and to M. Alexandre Thominot, of the Musée d’Histoire Na-
turelle, for assistance in his work as well as for many personal favors.
1. Engraulis argyrophanus. (Cuv. & Val., xxi, 49, 1848.)
Five specimens in fair condition; length about .10™. ‘Equatorial
Ocean: Kiihl and Van Hasselt.”
Form resembling that of Stolephorus ringens. Body slender, not much
compressed; the abdomen scarcely compressed and not serrate. Head
slim and pointed, the snout much protruding. Teeth very small in
both jaws. Opercle short, 3 in head. Snout5 in head. Eye, 44. Gill-
rakers very long. Caudal peduncle slender. Insertion of dorsal scarcely
nearer caudal than snout. Ventral short, inserted before dorsal. Sides
of body abruptly silvery, the white band very wide, forming half the
depth of the fish.
Head, 4 in length to base of caudal. Depth, 54. Lat. 1. about 45.
Anal rays, 1.16.
These specimens agree with the types of Stolephorus eurystole from
Wood’s Holl, Mass., in all respects excepting the number of anal rays—
1.16 in S. argyrophanus and 1.18 in 8. eurystole.
It is not likely that this will prove to be a constant difference, and it
is probable that all belong to one species, which should stand as Sro-
LEPHORUS ARGYROPHANUS (Cuv. & Val.).
2. Saurus synodus. (Cuv. & Val., xxii, 477, 1849.)
Two specimens in fair condition, the largest about .18™ in length.
Bahia: Blanchet.
This is apparently a species distinct from all those indicated by Meek
(Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, 130).
Top of head quite warty, marked with radiating and with cross
streaks of warts. Interorbital space concave, marked with small warts.
Supraorbital with a conspicuous bony ridge. Palatine teeth long and
slender, much slenderer than the teeth in the jaw and almost in one
series. Eye 53 in head, snout 4. Maxillary 12. Pectoral, 241. Ven-
526 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM. |
tral 11;. Head 34 in length, depth 7. Dorsal rays1.11. Anal 1.8, —
its base being very short. Scales, 5 or 6-58-8.
Body much mottled and vermiculated with darker and crossed by
about 15 dark half-bands, which are turned a little forward. Head
dotted. A very little dusky on the scapular region, bat apparently no
distinet spot. Dorsal and anal somewhat mottled, the other fins plain.
The Saurus gracilis from the Sandwich Islands (type examined : Quoy
and Gaimard) is quite different from this, being pale in color, with
high dorsal and the palatine teeth in two bands. It is, in fact, as Dr.
Giinther has indicated, a species of Sawrida.
Saurus synodus agrees fairly with Giinther’s description of the East
Indian Saurus varius. It is not impossible that it is the original Hsox
synodus of Linnzeus, the scanty description of which agrees with it in
the small number of the anal rays. The Saurus intermedius of Spix
agrees better with this species than with Synodus anolis in most respects,
but in its number of anal rays (12) it corresponds better with the latter.
The Saurus atlanticus of Johnson agrees also in many respects with this
Saurus synodus.
The species called Synodus intermedius by Poey (Enum. Pisce. Cubens,
1875, 143) and by Meek (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, 133) is evi-
dently not the original intermedius of Spix, and it is apparently as yet
nameless. It may therefore stand as SYNODUS POEYI (sp. nov.), the
specimens described by Mr. Meek and collected by myself in Havana
being taken as its type.
The nomenclature of these fishes is still in a confused condition,
and until better series can be compared, the Saurus synodus of Cuv. &
Val. may stand under the oldest name supposed to belong to it, as
SYNODUS SYNODUS (Linnzus).
The Southern range of Synodus fetens is yet to be definitely ascertained.
One or both of the West Indian names (ruber, longirostris), supposed to
belong to it, may have been intended for Synodus spixianus.
Synodus saurus L. (Saurus griseus Lowe= Saurus lacerta Cuv. & Val.)
is distinct from the American species, although allied to Synodus fetens.
Scales 4-64—5, the cross series being fewer than in S. fetens.
3. Fundulus fonticola. (Cuv. & Val., xviii, 198, 1846.)
One specimen in poor condition, .05" long, from Porto Rico; Plée.
A true Fundulus, the dorsal fin being inserted in front of the anal, and
both fins quite small. Teeth in a broad band, the outer considerably
larger and stout, but not long. Head broad, not very much depressed.
Body plump, with long caudal peduncle. Colors entirely lost. Scales
oT.
This larger specimen is apparently the type of the species. The
smaller ones in the same bottle are apparently Gambusias. D.8; A. 9.
Scales 33; the dorsal inserted behind the anal.
Tne Fundulus being apparently a valid species, may still stand as
FUNDULUS FONTICOLA.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 527
4. Fundulus cingulatus. (Cuv. & Val., xviii, 197, 1846.)
One specimen in poor condition, .07™. North America: Castelnau.
A Zygonectes. Head broad and flat. Eye large, 3in head. Distance
from front of dorsal to caudal half the distance to front of eye. Teeth
rather strong. Caudal long. D.7; A. 8. Seales about 33-10, but as
some are lost, this count is uncertain. Head, 33 in length; depth, 44.
Body crossed by (about 16) narrow cross-bands, which are quite dis-
tinct, and narrower than the interspaces. Region below eye silvery—
not dark.
This is evidently different from the Zygonectes chrysotus Giinther, de-
scribed by Jordan & Gilbert (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1882, 586) under
the name of Zygonectes cingulatus. The Hydrargyra lucie of Baird is
probably different from both. The Fundulus zonatus of C. & V. (not
Hsox zonatus Mitchill) may be this species, or, more likely, the very
closely related Zygonectes zonifer Jordan and Meek, if indeed the latter
prove to be different.
In any case, the present species should stand as ZYGONECTES CINGU-
LATUS.
In this connection I may note that Zygonectes notti Agassiz, recently
rediscovered by Professor Hay (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 557), seems
to be identical with Zygonectes craticula Goode & Bean.
Zygonectes manni Hay, as already noticed by Dr. Bean, is my Heteran-
dria ommata. It is nota Heterandria, nor apparently a Zygonectes. The
black caudal spot which is found in all species of Rivulus would indi-
cate its affinity to that genus, with which it agrees in external charac-
ters. It may therefore be called provisionally Rivulus ommatus.
5. Exoccetus melanurus. (Cuv. & Val., xix, 101, 1846.)
Specimen somewhat shriveled; .27" inlength. New York: Milbert.
Second ray of pectoral divided, the tirst more than half length of fin.
Anal short, with 9 rays. Dorsal low. Head moderate, 43 in length.
Eye 23 in head. Ventrals inserted at a point about midway between
base of caudal and eye. Pectorals reaching to or beyond last ray of
dorsal (the tips broken). Dorsal and ventrals pale. Pectorals plain,
dusky behind. <A black spot on lower side of caudal peduncle, its di-
ameter % that of eye. This is undoubtedly not a natural color-mark, as
it is not alike on the two sides of the tail. There is a hole in its center,
and the flesh within the dark area is also black. The fish seems to
have been dried before being put into alcohol and it had doubtless been
hung up by a black string or a nail through this hole.
As supposed by Jordan and Meek (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 60),
this is the species for which has been retained the name of Exoc@Tus
HETERURUS.
6. Exoccetus volitans. (Cuv. & Val., xix, 83, 1846. Not of L.)
Specimen in good order; .35™; collected by Le Sueur; belongs to the
same species as the preceding. |
528 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
7. Bxoccetus gibbifrons. (Cuv. & Val., xix, 118, 1846.)
Specimen .23™ long, in fair condition. Atlantic Ocean: Dussumier.
Second ray of pectoral simple, the first $ length of the fin, which
reaches to middle of last dorsal ray; ventrals not reaching quite so
far. Insertion of ventrals midway between base of caudal (mesially)
and back part of eye. Hye 3 in head. Head 43 in body. Depth, 6.
Anal short, with 8 rays. D.1.12. Head a little more gibbous than in
other species, but not notably so; the interorbital area a little concave.
Dorsal, anal, and caudal plain. Pectorals becoming dusky backwards.
Ventrals posteriorly considerably dusky.
This is the species correctly identified by Jordan and Meek as Ex-
OC@TUS GIBBIFRONS.
8. Exoccetus cyanopterus. (Cuv. & Val., xix, 9, 1846.)
Onespecimen in poor order; rather stiff; .41™. RioJaneiro: Hombron
& Jaquinot.
Second ray of pectoral divided, the first 2 length of fin. Snout
pointed; interorbital area transversely concave. Snout 34 in head.
Eye, 33. Tailstrong. Dorsal moderately high, its base one-third longer
than that of the rather short anal. D.12; A.11. Insertion of anal
considerably behind that of dorsal. Pectoral extending beyond tips of
last ray of dorsal and anal. Ventrals not quite to the base of the last
ray. Insertion of ventrals midway between base of caudal and edge
of preopercle.
Fins all pale, except a round black blotch, about as large as eye, on
tips of middle dorsal rays. Ventrals white.
This species is close to HL. bahiensis, if, indeed, it is not the same. The
greater number (11 instead of 9 or 10) of anal rays alone separates it.
We may therefore provisionally regard HE. cyanopterus with E. albidac-
tylus as a Synonym of HxXOO@TUS BAHIENSIS.
9. Bxococstus lineatus. (Cuv. & Val., xix., 92, 1846.)
In fair condition. .43™. Gorée: Rang.
Second ray of pectoral divided, the first ray ? length of longest.
Head rather pointed, the interorbital area flat. Snout 4 in head; eye
34. Head 44 in length; depth, 64. Pectoral extending to base of last
anal ray, ventrals reaching nearly as far, their insertion midway be-
tween base of caudal and edge of preopercle. Anal short, its rays 1.10.
Dorsal 13. Dark lines on sides of back conspicuous only where scales
have been rubbed off, not forming an important feature of coloration.
Fins mostly dusky; ventrals with faint dusky shades. Anal with an
obscure dark shade. Dorsal and caudal somewhat dusky, but un-
marked.
This species is close to EH. heterurus, from which it is perhaps dis-
tinguished by the more backward insertion of its ventrals. It may
stand provisionally as EXOCGiTUS LINEATUS.
‘
r
:
p
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 529
10. Hemirhamphus browni. (Cuv. & Val., xix, 15, 1846.)
Specimens in fair condition. .32™. Plée: Martinique, 1821.
Seales 52 (not 65, as stated by Valenciennes). This is identical with
Hemirhamphus pleei, as understood by Meek and Goss (Proc. Ac. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1884, 224), and the name brovont is prior to that of pleei.
It is extremely doubtful whether the Hemirhamphus balao, brasiliensis,
or macrochirus of authors be really a species distinct from this. We
may therefore regard them as constituting a single species, for which
we’ may employ the oldest tenable name used for a member of this
group, HEMIRHAMPHUS BALAO Le Sueur.
The name Hsox brasiliensis must, as stated by Meek and Goss, go
with the Timucu of Maregrave, a Tylosurus, and not with the Hemi-
rhamphus.
11. Belone caribbza. (Cuv. & Val., xviii, 431, 1846.)
Three specimens, in good condition, the largest a little over two feet
long. Martinique: Plée (not the original types of Le Sueur, which
came from Guadeloupe).
Snout 2$ times length of rest of head; the jaws very slender, not
quite closing, there being a slight arch at base of upper jaw. Teeth
comparatively weak. Eye 2-5 in postorbital part of head. Top of
head striated, with median groove and the vertex’ covered by skin.
Folds of skin across preopercle, as in Tylosurus raphidoma, Body broad,
but compressed, the sides a little flattened. Breadth of body % its
depth, which is about equal to postorbital part of head. Keel on tail
decidedly strong, stronger than in TZ. raphidoma, and black, the tail
otherwise not much depressed.
Seales small, green, about 210 before dorsal. Ventrals inserted mid-
way between base of caudal (mesially) and middle of eye. Anal in- ©
serted just a little before dorsal. Dorsal with its posterior rays elevated,
especially in the smaller specimen; broken in the larger. D. 25; A. 22.
This is doubtless identical with the Belone altipinna of Poey, which
species may therefore stand as TYLOSURUS CARIBBA&US. Its distine- ©
tion from Tylosurus acus is questionable.
12. Belone timucu. (Cuv. & Val., xviii, 426, 1846.)
One specimen in poor condition, .23" in length, from Cayenne. A
specimen with the same label and belonging to the same species is in
the collection from Cuba; Ramon de la Sagra.
Body slender, little compressed, the caudal peduncle compressed, but
with the lateral line so prominent as fairly to constitute a keel. Beak
long and slender, the snout double the length of the rest of the head.
Eye small, 54 in postorbital part of head. Ventrals midway between
base of caudal and middie of opercle. D.13 or 14, A. 15 or 16. Lat-
eral band more distinct than in 7. marinus.
It is not possible to say whether the original Timucu of Maregrave
(= Hsox brasiliensis L.) is the present species, or L. subtruncatus, or some
Proc. N.. M. 86——34 Deeember 8, iSS8G-
—
530 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
other of the slender ones. The name brasiiiensis should therefore be —
disregarded as unidentified. .
This species seems to correspond to the * southern variety of Belone —
truncata” (=Tylosurus marinus) mentioned by Dr. Giinther (vi, 245). ‘
The original description of Belone almeida, Quoy & Gaimard, is wholly —
valueless, but as its types were among the original types of B. timucu, —
©. & V., and therefore presumably identical with the specimen noted —
above, we may retain for this species or variety the name of TYLOSURUS _
ALMEIDA. ‘ ;
The types of Belone cigoneila, ardeola, gerania, and galeata, if exist-—
ing, cannot now be found in the Museum.
13. Belone scolopacina. (UCuv. & Val., xviii, 425, 1846.)
Small specimens in bad condition from Rio de la Mana, Cayenne. —
Leschenault and Doumere. .
These belong apparently to the species described by Dr. Giinther as_
Belone teniata. The poor condition of the specimen has led Valenci-
ennes to make a gross miscount of the fin-rays, the dorsal having appa- -
rently 29 rays, at any rate more than 25, and the anal apparently 25, —
certainly more than 20. Valenciennes says, ‘ D. 14, A.-17.” The Be-
lone guianensis Schomburgk is said by Steindachner to be the same as
the Belone taniata. As this name (1542) has priority over that of scol-
opacina the species may stand as PorAMORRHAPHIS GUIANENSIS.
14. Atherina martinica. (Cuv. & Val., x, 459, 1835.)
Three specimens in fair condition from Martinique; Plée.
A species of Menidia.
Seales strongly laciniate. Soft dorsal and anal naked (possibly scaly
in life? ). Teeth rather strong. Pectorals long, extending past base of
ventrals. Eye large, as long as snout, 3} in head. Head 44 in length;
depth, 53. D. V-1,7; A.1,21. Scales, 43.
This species is very close to Menidia laciniata Swain, and may prove
to be the same. It should stand as MENIDIA MARTINICA.
15. Atherina boscii. (Cuv. & Val., x, 465, 1835. )
‘‘Btats-Unis”; Le Conte. .
Seales entire; anal fin scaleless. Body comparatively elongate.
Teeth streng. Insertion of spinous dorsal midway between front of
eye and upper base of caudal.
Head 42 in length; depth 6. D.1IV-1,8; A.1, 26. Scales 43.
This agrees entirely with a specimen before us from Beaufort, North
Carolina, belonging to the species called by me MENIDIA MENIDIA.
16. Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz.
The figure given of this species by Agassiz (in Spix Pisc. Brasil, tab.
72) agrees rather with Mugil liza C. & V. than with Mugil trichodon
Poey, in color and in size. The anal fin is represented as scaly, which
it is not in Mugil liza. Weare informed, however, by Dr. Spangenberg
le oh
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 531
that the anal fin is dried down in the type, and this character of the
anal may have been taken from the other specimens* examined by
Agassiz, as may also have been the description of the teeth, which are
shown larger than in WM. liza. The seales in the figure are 35, the
depth 42 in the length—both characters agreeing with M. liza. For
these reasons [ regard our former identification of Mugil brasiliensis
Agassiz with Mugil trichodon Poey as erroneous, and I now consider
Mugil liza Cuv. & Val. (=Mugil lebranchus Poey) as the original MuGIL
BRASILIENSIS Agassiz.
17. Caranx bartholomei. (Cuv. & Val., ix, 100, 1833.)
One example, 14™ in length, from St. Bartholomew Teland.
As supposed by us,(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 33), this is fully
identical with the Cibi amarillo of the Havana markets, the Caranx
cibi of Poey and Caranx beant of Jordan. It has about 28 plates on
its lateral line, besides some six smaller scales. It should stand as CAR-
ANX BARTHOLOM Al.
18. Caranx sexfasciatus. Quoy & Gaimard (Zool. Voy. Freycinet Poiss., 358, pl.
65, f. 4, 1824.)
This species has been regarded as the young of Caranzx latus Agassiz
| (=0. fallax C. & V.), and I have lately adopted the name seajasciatus
|
|
|
as a substitute for the latter.
The name is based on a very poor drawing of the very young of some
Caranx, said to be from Papua. The figure shows the dorsal and anal
scarcely fatcate. . 22, A.19; plates about 22. The drawing may rep-
resent a young latus, or it may not, and the name sexfasciatus should be
regarded as unidentifiable. The Scomber kleini of Bloch is still less
likely to be this fish, which may therefore still stand as CARANX LATUS
Agassiz.
19. Trachinotus argenteus. (Cuv. & Val., viii, 413, 1831,)
Specimen .32™ in length; America; D. 25, A. 23. Body a little
deeper depth 2-3, (instead of 22) than in the face Pompano, which
it otherwise entirely resembles. It may stand as TRACHINOTUS CARO-
LINUS.
20. Trachinotus cayennensis. (Cuv. & Val., vili, 417, 1831.)
Very young specimen in poor condition, .06™ long, from Cayenne.
Form of Trachinotus ovatus, the body very deep, the snout short and
very blunt. Dorsal lobe (in young) 2 in head. Eye very large; pre-
opercle with strong spines. Depth of body 2 in length. D. 27, A. 26.
Fins all pale. Apparently a valid species, distinguished from Trachin-
otus ovatus by its numerous fin-rays. It will stand as TRACHINOTUS
" CAYENNENSIS.
21. Trachinotus paitensis. (Cuv. & Val., viii, 438, 1831.)
Specimen in poor condition ; .07™ long; from Paita, Peru.
*See Jordan & Swain, Proc, U,S, Nat. Mus., 1884, 270,
er oe rnnet
532 ‘TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
Different from J’. cayennensis, having the more elongate form of T.
rhodopus. Fins low, but higher than in 7. cayennensis, the dorsal lobe
black, its length about half head. Snout low, bluntish at tip. Depth —
24 in length. D. 28, A. 27. A valid species, apparently distinguished
by the large number of fin-rays. It may stand as TRACHINOTUS PA-
ITENSIS.
22. Seriola rivoliana. (Cuv. & Val., ix, 207, 1833).
In fair condition, .25 " long; from the Greek Archipelago.
Form elliptical, compressed, the nape not very sharp; caudal keel
weak. Snout blunt, compressed, not conical. Head a little longer than
deep, 34 in length; depth, 3;. Maxillary reaching to near middle of
pupil, 22 in head; snout 3 in head. Dorsal lobe, 4% in length of body,
12 in depth, 12 in length of head, 24 ir base of fin. D. 1,29, A. 1, 20.
A dark band from eye to soft dorsal; the body otherwise plain.
This agrees almost perfectly with a specimen about a foot in length
from Pensacola. There is no doubt, I think, of the identity of Seriola
falcata, bonariensis, and rivoliana. Unless, as is probable, Seriola fas-
ciata (Bloch) is the young of the same species, it may stand as SERIOLA
RIVOLIANA.
23. Serranus undulosus. (Cuv. & Val., li, 295, 1828).
Small specimens (.08 ™),in poor condition.
Brazil: Delalande.
These have many gill-rakers, large scales, the preopercle with salient
angle, and the caudal subtruncate. They belong to the species called
by us MYCTEROPERCA SCIRENGA.
24. Serranus niveatus.
A specimen a foot long (not type), collected at Rio Janeiro by Jobert. —
This agrees with the description of Jordan & Swain (Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 1884, 386) except in color. There is no blotch on back of tail.
Yhe soft parts of the vertical fins are largely dusky with narrow pale.
edge. Moustache on maxillary very distinct; body with - irregularly
scattered pearly spots; breast plain. ‘This specimen probably repre-
sents the transition from the young (niveatus) to the adult (flavolimbatus).
25. Centropristes atrobranchus. (Cuv.& Val., iii, 45, 1829.)
Brazil: Delalande.
Allied to Serranus phabe, but well separated by the color. <A large
inky black blotch on inside of opercle, just behind the pseudobranchie
and parallel with them, extending also on membranes of shoulder-girdle;
about six dark vertical bands on sides, the second extending as a jet-
black blotch on the spinous dorsal from the fourth to the ninth spine.
Base of soft Corsal dark; upper part pale, as is also the anal and caudal.
Preorbital and maxillary narrow, the maxillary 2? in head. Teeth |
o
small; eye large, 3 in head, lounger than the short snout, which is 45 in |
head.. Head, 3 in length; depth, 3. Dorsal spines rather high, not
filamentous; soft dorsal not scaly; a notch between spinous and soft
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 533
parts of dorsal; caudal well forked; second anal spine small, but
larger than third, 34in head. Seales large and regular, 3-47-11. This
species may stand as SERRANUS ATROBRANCHUS.
26. Centropristes brasiliensis. (Barneville, Rev. Zool., 1847, 131.)
Type, .095™, from Bahia, received in exchange from the Museum of
Geneva.
This is very close to Serranus dispilurus, if really different. It has
the same form, and same coloration of caudal and anal fin and of the
region above and before the latter. The dusky blotch below the spinous
dorsal and above the white pre.anal blotch is a little more conspicuous
than in Pensacola specimens, and the dark blotch on and below first
soft rays of dorsal is less so. There is, however, little, if any doubt, of
the identity of this species with (. dispilurus Giinther, and C. subliga-
rius Cope. It may stand as SERRANUS BRASILIENSIS.
27. Centropristes rufus. (Cuv. & Val, 111, 47.)
Two specimens in fair condition, from Martinique :- Plée.
This resembles very closely Serranus atrarius in all respects, the only
difference that I can detect being that the caudal fin is quite regularly
rounded instead of trilobate. Color uniform dark—in alcohol... Fourth
dorsal spine longest, 2 in head. Seales, 5-50-13. ‘Hye, 44 in head.
Pectorals extending beyond ventrals, 13in head. It will probably prove
to be a variety of Serranus atrarius, but for the present it may stand as
SERRANUS RUFUS.
28. Aylopon martinicensis. (Guichenot, Index, Gen. et. Spec. Anthiadidorum,
p. 6.)
Four specimens, the largest 13”, from Martinique: Bélanger.
A true Anthias, the maxillary broad and provided with 5 or 6 rows
of large scales. Head very blunt and short. Kye 3 in head; snozt 5;
maxillary 24; mouth very oblique, the lower jaw projecting ; no supple-
mental maxillary: Head above closely scaled; tongue with a band of
villiform teeth; two canines in front of upper jaw on each side, the an-
terior turned forward, the posterior downward and backward; three ca-
nines on each side of front of lower jaw, the anterior directed forward
and outward, the posterior two upward and backward. No lateral ca-
nines and no depressible teeth in either jaw. Preopercle finely serrate,
and with coarser teeth at the angle, as in Anthias vivanus. Five rows of
large scales on the cheek. Gill rakers slender and very long.
Scales large, 4-35-14; lateral line running high; seales on breast
large.
Third dorsal spine elevated, 1; times height of the next, 14 in head ;
soft dorsal moderate; candal lunate; anal rather high, its second and
third spines moderate, subequal 3; pectorals rather long, as long as head ;
ventrals 13 in head ; head 3+ in length; depth 23.
This species seems to be distinct from Anthias asperilinguis and
Anthias vivanus. It may stand as ANTHIAS MARTINICENSIS.
534 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
29, Mesoprion cyanopterus. (Cuv. and Val., ii, 472, 1828.)
OF
One specimen in fair condition, .27" jong; Brazil: Delalande.
This agrees with Lutjanus cubera Poey, in ail respects except that
the axil of the pectoral is black on one side of the specimen and faintly
brownish on the other. This color mark may perhaps be fallacious, or
disappearing with age, as we have seen no cubera so small as the type
of cyanopterus. Iwas unable to find the dried skin which was the type
of Mesoprion pargus, but it is probably identical with the present spe-
cies. As the name cyanopterus is prior to pargus, canina, cubera, or denta-
tus, this species may stand as LUTJANUS CYANOPTERUS.
30. Mesoprion litura. (Cuv. & Val., ii, 467.)
Cayenne: Poiteau.
As already supposed by Jordan & Swain, this is LUTJANUS JOCU..
31. Mesoprion flavescens. (Cuv. & Val., ii, 472.)
Martinique: Plée.
This is LUTJANUS CAXIS.
82. Mesoprion linea. (Cuv. & Val., il, 468.)
Havana: Poey.
This is also LUTJANUS CAXIS.
33. Mesoprion mahogoni. (Cuv. & Val., ii, 447.)
Young specimens in rather poor condition. Martinique: Plée. Also
similar specimens from Cuba: Desmarest.
These are, as supposed by Jordan & Swain, identical with Lutjanus
ojanco Poey, which species should stand as LUTJANUS MAHOGONTI.
34. Mesoprion ricardi. (Cuv. & Val., ii, 448.)
This specimen is also the young of LUTJANUS MAHOGONT.
35. Mesoprion cynodon. (Cuv. & Val., ii, 465.)
Martinique: Plée.
This is a large example of LUTJANUS CAXIS8.
36. Lutjanus dentatus Duméril. (‘‘A Duméril, Archiv. du Mus., T. 10, 245,’’)
Brazil: Delalande. Specimen .35™ long.
This is the young of Lutjanus cubera. Axil dusky. It should stand
as LUTJANUS CYANOPTERUS.
Sh Mereption vivanus. a etal & Val., ii, 454.)
Three specimens: the largest, .19™ long; the others, 10™,
The largest of these specimens has the dark lateral spot obscure ;
the depth 22 in length, equal to length of head. Maxillary 24 in head.
Dorsal rays X, 13 (not X, 14, as usual in Z. aya). Anal fin lower than
usual in L. aya, its longest rays about half head. In spite of certain
small differences, I still hold my opinion that these specimens are the
young of our common Red Snapper, which I cal] LUTIJANUS AYA.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 53A
38. Aprion virescens. (Cuv. & Val., vi, 542, 1830.)
This species is fully congeneric with the American Aprion (or Pla-
tyinius) macrophthalmus. it has the same form of head, the vertex and
interorbital area being perfectly flat. The body is more slender (depth
4) than in Aprion macrophthalmus, the teeth a little stronger, and the
preorbital broader, 6 in head.
39. Apsilus fuscus. (Cuv. & Val., vi, 548.)
This is fully congeneric with the American Apsilus (Tropidinius) den-
tatus. It has the same form of the skull, but the body is slenderer (depth
3 in length), the teeth smaller, and the. caudal lobes more pointed. ‘The
generic name Tropidinius is therefore a synonym of Apsilus as Platyinius
is of Aprion. (See Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.,1884, 465.)
40. Hemulon canna. (Cuv. & Val., v, 253, 1850; not of Agassiz, 1829.)
A specimen of 20° long. Martinique: Plée.
This is the Hemulon parre of Jordan and Swain, as Dr. Giinther has
supposed, and it should stand as H aaMULON BONARIENSE.
41. Hemulon canna. - (Agassiz, Spix. Pise., Brazil, 1829, 150, pl. 69.) :
A careful recomparison of Agassiz’s description and figure of Hemu-
ion canna, With different species of Hamuion, leads me to the conelu-
sion that it ean be no species other than the Hamulon acutum. This
use of the name canna (by Agassiz in 1829) is prior to its use by Cuv.
& Val. (in 1830) for another species. The species of Agassiz may stand
as HASMULON PARRA.
Agassiz’s Hemulon schranki I must still regard as unidentifiable,
though it most resembles Hamulon steindachneri, from which it would
appear to differ in color and in the very small size of the anal fin—both
very doubtful characters.
42. Hemulon caudimacula. (Cuv. & Val., v. 236.)
Specimen of .12". Brazil: Delalande.
This is the young of the species called by us Hamulon acutum.
The name Hemulon caudimacula, however, first appears in the Réyne
Animal, where it is based, without description, on the scarcely identi-
fiable Uribaco of Marcgrave and the Diabasis parra of Desmarest.
The name Hemiulon caudimacula Cuvier, becomes thus either un-
identifiable or else a a synonym of Hewnulon parra,
The Diabasis varra is :tself not very satistactory. The rough figure
given by Desmarest, as well as his description, best fit the Hamulon
acutum, and we have the statement of Cuvier & Valenciennes that
Desmarest’s fish does not seem to differ from their cayvdimacula from
Brazil, which is acutum. They do not, however, say whether they have
examined Desmarest’s type or not.
Dr. Sauvage, however (Buil. U. S. Fish Comm., 1881, 322), gives an
account of a specimen in the Museum at Paris, said to be a type of
Desmarest as well as Cuvier & Valenciennes. This description is not
536 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
very explicit, but the coloration seems best to represent the species
with continuous stripes, the H. bonariense of Cuv. & Val. This speci-
men I failed to find when in Paris.
Since the above was in type, M. Thominot informs me that he has
found this specimen, and that in the direction of its scales, as well as
in other characters, it agrees with the Hamulon chromis C. & V., not
with Hemulon bonariense. The Diabasis parra Desmarest is therefore
identical with Hemulon acutum Poey. The earliest certain name for the
present species (acutum) is therefore H aaMULON PARRA Desmarest.
43. Hemulon xanthopteron.
I failed to tind the type of this species. A specimen from Bahia,
labelled Hamulon xanthopterum, belongs to the species called Haemu-
lon acutum, the Hamulon parra of this paper.
44. Hemulon bonariense. (Cuv. & Val., v, 234, 1830.)
A small specimen (.15") from Buenos Ayres: Baillon.
This is the Hamulon parre of Jordan and Swain, having the series
of scales from the scapular scale extending to the front of the second
dorsal, and the color marks on the scales forming continuous stripes.
As this species is not the original Diabasis parra, it may stand as
HZMULON BONARIENSE.
45. Hzemulon macrostoma. (Giinther i, 308.)
Specimens from St. Croix (Stephens) and trom Bermuda: (Jones) la-
belled Haemulon macrostoma, in the British Museum, belong to the
Hemulon carbonarium of Poey. It is, however, not probable that the
original type—a dried skin from Jamaica—belonged to this species, as
the original description agrees neither with #7. carbonarium nor with
H. fremebundum.
46. Hemulon chromis. (Cuv. & Val., v, 242, 1830.)
Specimen in poor order, 17"; Jamaica; from the faculty of Mont-
pelier.
This is a very pale specimen (albidum Poey) of the species called
Hemulon acutum, by Jordan & Swain.
It should stand as HAMULON PARRA.
47. Hemulon chrysargyreum. (Giinther, i, 314.)
Several specimens examined in the British Museam; among them
the type ». (Trinidad; J. B. Richardson.) Others are from St. Croix
and Fernando Noronha.
These are identical with Hamuion teniatum of Poey, although some
of these are larger in size than any of the latter obtained by me. The
depth in the large examples is somewhat greater, 3} in the length,
and the maxillary is longer, 214 in head. The species should then stand
as HASMULON CHRYSARGYREUM.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. oT
The nomenclature of the species of Hemulon is still somewhat unset-
tled. The following list may be substituted for that given by Jordan
& Swain (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 317*):
1. Hemulon sexrfasciatum Gill.
2. H, gibbosum Walbaum.
3. H. bonariense Cuv. & Val. (parre of J.& 8.3; canna of C.& V.).
4, H. parra Desmarest (acutum of J. & S.; ? canna of Agassiz).
5. H. scudderi Gill.
6. H. fremebundum Goode & Bean.
7. H. macrostoma Giiuther. (?)
8. H. carbonarium Poey.
9. H, steindachnert Jordan & Gilbert (? = H. schranki Agassiz).
10. H. melanurum L.
11. A. sciurus Shaw.
12. H. plumieri Lacépéde.
13. HH. flavolineatum Desmarest.
14. H. chrysargyrewn Giinther.
15. H. vimator Jordan & Swain (? =H. striatum (L.)).
16. H. aurolineatum Cuy. & Val.
17. H. quadrilineatum Cuv. & Val. (? = H. trivittatum (Bl. & Schn.)).
18. H. flavogutiatum Gill.
19. H. maculicauda Gill.
48. Calamus plumatula. (Guichenot, Révision des Pagels, 119.)
Martinique; Plée; in poor order, .26™ long.
As supposed by Jordan & Gilbert (Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 20),
this is the young of CALAMUS BAJONADO.
49. Calamus microps. (Guichenot,in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist. Cuba, 188, tab. 8,
fig. 1.)
Specimen in fair condition, .32™ long, from Cuba; Ramon de la
Sagra.
Very close to Calainus penna, from which it may be distinguished by
the very small size of the eye, which is 44 in head. Canines small,
irregular, about ? on each side. Preorbital breadth 24 in head. Max-
illary 24 in head. Depth of body 2} in length. Form of Calamus
* AHaenmulon hians Haly (Ann. Nat. Hist., 1875, xv, 268), from Bahia, was overlooked
in our review of this genus. The scanty original description does not distinguish 1t
from H. sciurus. The following is the original description of Haemulon hians:
ep.i2, A. L. lat. 50. LL. transv. 3%.
“The height of the body equals the length of the head, and is contained three
times and a half in tie total. The snout is of moderate length, rather longer than
the eye, which is contained three times and a half in the length of the head. The
cleft of the mouth is very wide, the maxillary reaching to the vertical from the center
of the eye. Preoperculum with the posterior limb nearly vertical, obtusely dentic-
ulated, the denticulations somewhat stronger at the angle. Dorsal deeply notched ;
the fourth spine longest, nearly half the length of the head, the last spine longer
than the eleventh. Caudal forked. Second anal spine stronger but searcely longer
than the third, as long’as the sixth dorsal spine. Pectoral one-fifth of the total
length. The fish appears to have been longitudinally striped.
“Two specimens in spirits from Bahia, and a young stuffed specimen from the same
locality. The adults are 74 inches long.”
558 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
penna, the back with a regular arch. Ventrals dusky. A dark spot in
axil of pectoral, as in C. penna. Scales 49.
This species may be distinct, but it will probably be found insepara-
ble from CALAMUS PENNA.
50. Sargus argenteus. (Cuv. & Val., vi, 60.)
Specimen from Brazil; Delalande; .15™.
This is identical with the Sargus caudimacula of Poey, a species dis-
tinet from the Diplodus holbrooki of Bean.
Depth 2 in length; scales 8-70-16.
Littie or no black on opercular membranes.
A specimen of this species from Saint Augustine, Fla., was sent to
the museum of the Indiana University by Mr. W. P. Shannon. This
is the first record of its occurrence on the United States coast.
The species should stand as DIPLODUS ARGENTEUS.
51. Sargus ascensionis. (Cuy. & Val., vi, 61.)
Ascension Island; Quoy & Gaimard ; .30™.
The type of this species much resembles Diplodus holbrooki.
Depth 24 to 22 in length; scales 8-61-16.
Anterior profile steep. Black on the operecular membranes. Axil
dusky. No cross-bands. Dorsal, anal, and ventrals somewhat dark.
Anterior profile steep, the dorsal outline being more angular than in D.
argenteus, the ventral outline less so. It should stand as DIPLODUS
ASCENSIONIS.
52. Sargus flavolineatus. (Cuv. & Val., vi, 60.)
San Iago de Cuba; Choris; .26™ in length, in bad condition.
Teeth broad and searcely notched. Incisors 3. Preeumbent dorsal
spine scarcely evident. Second anal spine very strong, much larger
and longer than third.
Head 3+ in length; depth 24.
Longest dorsal spine 14 in head.
D. XU, 11. A. ii, 9. Seales 7-45-14.
This species is very close to Diplodus unimaculatus, but it seems to be
distinet, having the body deeper than in the latter. It should stand as
DIPLODUS FLAVOLINEATUS.
This species occurs in abundance at Key West, but the true Diplodus
unimaculatus has not yet been definitely recorded from the coast of the
United States.
53. Sargus aries. (Cuv. & Val., vi, 58, 1830.)
Specimen .30™ long, frem Brazil; Delalande.
This is very close to Diplodus probatocephalus, with seven dark cross-
bands, similar in position to those of the latter species. The teeth are,
however, distinetiy narrower, the width of one being about two-fifths
its height, from the gums. Spines strong, the longest dorsal spine 1% in
head. Second anal spine 13. Procumbent spine before dorsal preseut,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 539
Head 34 in length ; depth 2. D. XII, 12. A.III,10. Scales 7-44-14.
Seales on breast small.
The species may stand as DIPLODUS ARIES.
54. Sargus lineatus. (Cuv. & Val., vi, 59.)
Dried skin, .30™ long, from the “Cabinet de Lisbonne.”
Four or five narrow black cross-bars, as wide as pupil; a black blotch
on back of caudal; apparently some black on opercle. Body deep, the
depth 24 inlength; second anal spine longest and strongest, 24 in head.
Profile steep; snout 3 in head. Incisors broad, 4. Seales on breast
large. D. XII, 13.
The species is unknown to me, and the type, in poor condition, from
unknown locality, should not have received a name.
55. Sargus fasciatus. (Cuv. & Val., vi, 59.)
Dried skin, .35" long, from the “Cabinet de Lisbonne.”
Body more elongate. Color now entirely faded. Incisors very nar-
row, entire, +. Snout sharp, rather long, 24 in head, forming an angle
above eye. Second and third anal spines subequal. Seales about 45.
A species of Diplodus, otherwise unknown to me, and not in fit condi-
tion for description.
56. Upeneus martinicus. (Cuv. & Val., iii, 483, 1829.)
Martinique; Garnot.
As supposed by Hall & McOaughan (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1885, 154), this species is identical with the Upeneus balteatus C. & V.
and Upeneus flavovittatus Poey. The Upeneus parvus of Poey, included
by Hall & McCaughan in the synonymy of U. martinicus, is probably
different.
The species may stand as UPENEUS MARTINICUS.
57. Umbrina martinicensis. (Cuv. & Val., v, 186.)
Two specimens, .24™ Jong, from Martinique; Plée.
Color plain, the lower lobe of caudal not black. Snout bluntish, 34
in head, projecting beyond premaxillary for two-ninths its length.
Maxillary 3 in head, reaching a little beyond front of eye. Posterior
nostril narrow-ovate, rather large. Outer teeth above moderately en-
larged. Gill-rakers very small, tubercle-like. Eye 54 in head. Head
32 in length; depth 4. D. X-I, 25. A. I, 8. Lateral line with 55
pores. Seales on breast large, irregular. Lower lobe of caudal the
longer.
This species is very close to Menticirrus alburnus, but apparently
somewhat different. It may stand as MENTICIRRUS MARTINICENSIS.
58. Umbrina gracilis. (Cuv. & Val., v, 189.)
A stuffed skin in alcohol (Brazil; Aug. St. Hilaire), its apparent slen-
derness of form being due to distortion. It belongs to the species above
noted 2S MENTICIRRUS MARTINICENSIS.
549 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
59. Otolithus guatucupa. (Cuv. & Val., v, 75.)
Two specimens (.45™); Montevideo; D’Orbigny.
This species has oblique dark streaks along the back, following the
rows of scales, much as in CO. reticulatum. Soft dorsal mostly covered
with smail scales. Head compressed. Maxillary 22 in head. Canines
rather small, Eye 53 in head. Gill-rakers long and slender, about 14
in number. Caudal subtruncate, emarginate when not spread open.
D. X-I, 21. <A. I, 8 Lateral line, with 56 pores. <A valid species,
allied to Cynoscion regale. It may stand as CYNOSCION GUATUCUPA.
60. Otolithus leiarchus. (Cuv. & Val., v, 78.)
A dried skin of a young example, .23™ long, from Brazil, the color
faded and the fins all broken.
A species of Cynoscion. Soft dorsal sealeless. Scales quite small,
there being about 90 pores in the lateral iine. Maxillary 24 in head.
Dorsal IX-I, 24. Anal shriveled, its spine covered by varnish. The
species may stand as CYNOSCION LEIARCHUS.
61. Otolithus nebulosus. (Cuv. & Val., v, 79.)
Type .27™ Joug, in moderate condition. No locality.
This is the Otolithus carolinensis of Cuv. & Val., and should stand as
CYNOSCION MACULATUM.
62. Corvinatrispinosa. (Cuv. & Val., v, 109, 1830.)
‘wo dried skins fastened to glass, .13" long; Brazil; Delalande.
A genuine member of the subgenus Stelliferus. Head 33 in length}
depth 34. Eye3}$in head; maxillary 24; space between eyes 34. Pre-
opercle with three strong divergent ‘spines near its angle, and smaller
spines above it. Mouth very oblique. Maxillary extending to middle
of eye; premaxillary in front, on level of pupil. Second anal spine 12
in head; pectoral 14; longest dorsal spine 13. Dorsal rays not readily
counted, apparently X-I, 19.
This is the species called by Steindachner (Iehth. Notizen, i, 6) Cor-
vina stellifera, and it is distinct from the Corvina stellifera of Giinther,
which is the Corvina microps of Steindachner. It seems probable, as
supposed by Cuvier & Valenciennes, that this is the original Bodianus
stellifer of Bloch, in which case it may stand as SCL&NA (or STELLIF-
ERUS) STELLIFERA.
63. Julis detersor. (Cuv. & Val., xiii, 408.)
Two small specimens, in poor condition, from Martinique; Plée.
These belong to the species called by Jordan & Hughes (Proce. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 1884, 68) THALASSOMA BIFASCIATUM.
64. Julis psittaculus. (Cuvy. & Val., xiii, 387, 1839.)
Two specimens, in fair condition, from Surinam. They belong to
PLATYGLOSSUS BIVITTATUS.
65. Julis crotaphus. (Cuv. & Val., xiii, 395; not of Cuvier.)
Brazil; Delalande (stuffed specimen).
1236. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9541
Color entirely faded. Caudalinjured. Dorsal scales not crossing the
median line. Ventrals short. Snout rather long and pointed, 24 in
head. Depth about 5 in length. This seems to be PLATYGLOSSUS
CAUDALIS.
Another specimen (.18™ long), also from Delalande, is evidently Pla-
tyglossus caudalis. The caudal ends in three blunt points, and the black
spot behind eye is distinct. Ventrals 14 in head; eye 7. Depth 44
in length.
66. Julis garnoti. (Cuv. & Val., xiii, 390.)
Three young specimens, from Martinique; Belanger.
_ These belong to the species called Platyglossus cinctus by Poey, and
should stand as PLATYGLOSSUS GARNOTI.
67. Xyrichthys martinicensis. (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 49.)
Hight specimens, about .135™ long, in poor condition; Martinique;
Garnot.
Color faded; one specimen (male) with dark fins. Anterior profile
rather less trenchant than in X. psittacus. Canines strong, + on each
side. No scales on head. Anterior dorsal spines not produced; none
of the spines pungent. Head 34 in length; depth about the same.
Seales 29. Till the species of this group are critically examined the
present one may stand as XYRICHTHYS MARTINICENSIS.
68. Xyrichthys vitta. (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 51.)
From the “ Cabinet du Stadhouder”; .14™ long.
Specimen a little deeper than the types of XY. martinicensis (head 32 ;
depth 53), but apparently not otherwise different. A yellowish streak
along sides where the muscles join (perhaps not evident in life). This
is doubtless idehtical with XYRICHTHYS MARTINICENSIS.
69. Xyrichthys uniocellatus. (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 48.)
Two specimens, in fair order, .16™ long, from Bahia.
Head short, deep, its profile steep and trenchant, its length 4 in
body; depth 34. Canines strong. Seales 27. Blue vertical stripes on
side of head. <A jet-black ocellus, like an ink-spot, as large as pupil,
behind sixth dorsal spine.
A valid species, XYRICHTHYS UNIOCELLATUS.
70. Callyodcn ustus. (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 286.)
A dried skin, somewhat distorted; .23™ long. Brazil. Delalande.
Color all faded. Lower lateral teeth very regularly arranged ; some
teeth not dissimilar outside of these in front. Lower teeth growing
rather stronger backward. Upper lateral teeth very fine and even,
close set. One canine near middle of jaw turned outward and backward.
No other canines evident on left side; the right side broien,
This species may stand as CRYPTOTOMUS USTUS.
542 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
71. Callyodon auropunctatus. (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 290.)
In fair condition; .17" long; from San Domingo. Ricord.
Body rather elongate ; the snout sharp, the front not steep. Eye, 5 in
head; Snout, 22. Head, 3; depth, 3.
Teeth on edge of each jaw regular, those of lower jaw twice as large,
the front series standing outside of the lateral series. Upper jaw with
one strong canine hooked outward and backward, a little behind the
middle of its side. Anterior canines small; those of the lower jaws
scarcely unlike the ordinary teeth. Upper lip not double for its whole
length.
The other specimen, .13™ long, also from San Domingo, mentioned by
Cuvier, lacks the posterior canine, but seems to be otherwise similar.
This species should stand as CRYPTOTOMUS AUROPUNCTATUS.
72. Scarus frondosus. (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 204.)
A dried skin, .22™ long, and a small rotten specimen in alcohol; both
from Brazil. Delalande. .
The specimen in alcohol has the caudal faintly banded, and belongs
to the species called by Jordan & Swain Sparisoma flavescens (Proc. U.
S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 92). The other is scarcely identifiable, but is prob-
ably the same.
The name Scarus frondosus Cuvier first appears in Agassiz, Pise.
Brasil., p.93, pl. LIV. This figure is a poor one, but it, too, was proba-
bly intended for SPARISOMA FLAVESCENS.
The Sparisoma frondosum of Jordan & Swain, (1. ¢.) 93 should proba-
bly stand as SPARISOMA BRACHIALE.
73. Scarus quadrispinosus. (Cuv. & Val. xiv, 197.)
A dried skin .40™ long. Martinique. Plée.
Color entirely faded, possibly blue in life. Four distinct posterior
canines on right side of upper jaw (the left side broken). Snout rather
long. Caudal simply lunate. Cheek scales in 2$ rows. Seven scales
before dorsal. Axil pale. Fins apparently pale and plain.
This is apparently a valid species, and may stand as CALLIODON*
(OR SCARUS) QUADRISPINOSUS.
a es aaa ane with. the code of Benenointaen ey by the American eather
ogists’ Union, the genera established by Gronow in his Zoophylaceum in 1763, should
be regarded as tenable. This will necessitate the accrediting to Gronow of several
genera, as Albula, Synodus, Eleotris, &c., usually assumed to date from Bloch and
Schneider. It will also necessitate the following changes of name in the current no-
menclature of our fishes:
Apogon Lacépede to Amia Gronow; dmia Linnwus (1766) to Amiatus Rafinesque;
Murenoides Lacépéde to Pholis Gronow ; Zoarces Cuvier to Enchelyopus Gronow ; Liparis
Cuvier to Cyclogaster Gronow ; Scarus Forskal to Calliodon Gronow.
The Scarus of Gronow, prior to that of Forskal, is based on a species of Labrus and
two Cichlide. It would be a synonym of Labrus. The original Calliodon of Gronow
is apparently the Scarus croicensis. It is therefore equivalent to Pseudoscarus of
Bleeker.
1826. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 543
74. Scarus teeniopterus. (Desmarest, Dict. Classique, xv, 244, pl. 12, 1831.)
Specimen .27™ long, in very bad condition; the color entirely faded.
Cuba. Desmarest. The dorsalshows faintly two colors, with a spot at
the base of each membrane.
Another specimen (also a type?) from the museum at Geneva, .30™
long, is in better condition. The colors on the dorsal show more plainly,
and there are two dusky bands on the anal. The outer ray of caudal
above and below is paler than the others.
This is identical with the other specimen, and both, I think, belong
to the species called Scarus virginalis, by Jordan & Swain (Proce. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 1884, 88), which species, if this view is correct, must stand as
CALLIODON TA:NIOPTERUS.
75. Scarus celestinus. (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 180.)
A large stuffed skin, .60™ long, from St. Thomas. Plée.
Color now plain dusky (perhaps blue in life). Teeth apparently dark
green. Forehead fat. A single canine on right side of upper jaw; none
on left. Cheeks with 24 rows of scales. Seven scales before dorsal.
Caudal rounded, but with the outer rays much produced, about one-third
their length being exserted. Next the last rays of dorsal and anal simi-
larly prolonged into a point. Ventrals long, pointed. Form rather ro-
bust. Head, 32; depth, 32. ;
This seems to be a valid species, and it may stand as CALLIODON
CGELESTINUS.
76. Scarus turchesius. (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 181.)
A dried skin, .40™ long, from Porto Rico. Plée.
Color faded to a plain brown, paler than in S. celestinus. No canines.
Forehead not very fleshy (young). Caudal with its lobes exserted for
4 tot their length. Dorsal, anal, and ventrals less produced than in
the type of Scarus celestinus. Scales on cheeks in two rows. Head, 32
in length; depth, 3i. Teeth faded, but still partly green. |
This is the Guacamaia of Parra, the Scarus guacamaia of Cuvier, but
not of Cuv. and Val. It may stand as CALLIODON GUACAMAIA.
77. Gobius banana. (Cuv. & Val., xii, 103.)
In bad condition; .14™ long; from San Domingo. Ricord.
This is identical with the species called by Poey, Rhinogobius buccu-
lentus, and by us CHONOPHORUS TAIASICA,
78. Gobius martinicus. (Cuv. & Val., xii, 105.)
Larger specimens (.20™), from Martinique. Garnot. They belong
also to CHONOPHORUS TAIASICA.
79. Gobius flavus. (Cuv. & Val., xii, 60.)
Specimens, .075™ long, from Surinam. Diepering.
This is a species of Chonophorus, with fleshy appendages on the
shoulder-girdle. Color taded, the fins all pale. Body plumper, the eye
larger, and snout shorter than in Ch. taiasica. Scales also larger.
544 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
Mouth similar in form, but the lower jaw more flat. Teeth small; those
of the outer row above enlarged; maxillary extending to middle of eye,
24 in head. Eye, 4 in head, about as long as snout; scales 53, less
crowded forward than in Ch. taiasica ; 21 before the dorsal on the nape.
Head, 4 in length; depth, 53. D. VI—1, 12, A. 1, 10.
This species may stand as CHONOPHORUS FLAVUS.
80. Gobius brasiliensis. (Cuv. & Val., xii, 121.)
Specimen .50™ long, in very bad condition. Martinique. Plée.
This is a specimen of GOBIOIDES BROUSSONNETI.
81. Eleotris sima. (Cuv. & Val., xii, 232.)
Two specimens in poor order, from Vera Cruz, .09™ long.
Snout a little more steep and convex than usual in Dormitator macu-
latus. Head, 34 in length; depth, 34. Eye, 44 in head. D, VII-9, A,
11. Scales, 31-11. Soft dorsal very high, with round black spots. Cau-
dal and anal plain. This seems to be inseparable from DORMITATOR
MACULATUS.
82. Bleotris grandisquama. (Cuv. & Val., xii, 229.)
One specimen in fair condition, .14™ long, from “Amérique Méridion-
ale?”
Head slenderer than in D. maculatus, and much depressed; its depth
at the eyes less than its width, which is less than that of body. An-
terior profile almost concave. Caudal fin large; other fins moderate.
D, VI-9, A, 1,9. Scales about 29-11. A few dusky spots on dorsal
and anal.
A valid species, though probably not North American. It may stand
aS DORMITATOR GRANDISQUAMA.
83. Blennius pantherinus. (Cuv. & Val., xi, 262.)
A specimen in good condition. Brazil. Gaudichaud.
A true Blennius, with fringed cirri over eyes and stout canines in
both jaws. Gill membranes free from isthmus. Dorsal fin continuous;
the spines not very dissimilar from the soft rays. D, XI, 21, A, 22.
Body freckled with blackish in coarse pattern. It may stand as BLEN-
NIUS PANTHERINUS.
8&4. Prionotus punctatus. (Cuv. & Val., iv., 93.)
Specimen .20™ long, from Bahia. Castelnau.
Head large, 24 in length; depth 24. Eye, 6 in head. Interorbital
space rather broad and deep, nearly equal to eye. Maxillary 24 in
head, A spine on each bone from side of snout to preopercle, the lat-
ter having two. Sculpture on bones of heads very conspicuous. A
slight cross-furrow behind eye. Pre-ocular and post-ocular spines con-
spicuous. Gill-rakers, about 10; the upper rather long and slender.
Pectoral 24 in body, reaching middle of soft dorsal. Third dorsal
spine longest, 22 in head; anterior edge of first spine smooth. Caudal
truncate, scarcely emarginate when closed, Soft dorsal rather high, 2
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 545
in head. Both dorsals faintly spotted, the spot behind the fourth spine
diffuse and faint. Caudal with bars of spots. Back obscurely spotted.
Pectorals blackish and clouded. A whitish area on back between
dorsals.
This seems to be the species usually called PRIONOTUS PUNCTATUS.
There is also a specimen in the Museum, labeled, apparently in the
handwriting of Valenciennes:
“Trigla punctata nobis, Bl., 253. Tr. carolina, B\., 252. Prionotus evelans Lacép. Rubio
volador Parra, tab. 38, du Brésil. Quoy et Gaimard, exp’n Freycinet.”
This specimen, .25™ long, in good condition, is of tle same species as
the one described above. Longest dorsal spine 24 in head. Pores in
lateral line 85 to 90.
85. Scorpzena scrofina. (Cuv. & Val. ix, 465.)
Specimen .21™ long, from Brazil. Gay.
Color in spirits pale (red ?), marked only with numerous round black
spots on head, dorsal, caudal, anal, and pectorals ; afew on body. Axil
whitish, with some whiter spots; a row of 6 dark spots from above
axil to anal, not ina straight line. Spots largest and most distinct on
pectorals and caudal, where they form irregular bands.
Occipital pit deep, broader than long; spines on head high and
sharp; four over eye, two behind occipital pit, two on temporal region,
and two behind these. . Suborbital stay strong, with 4 or 5 spines. No
coronal spines. Cirrus over eye low, about as long as pupil. Gill-
rakers very small and short. Opercle scaled; some scales on cheeks.
Breast scaly; scales large; some of them provided with flaps. About
31 pores in the lateral line. Second anal spine longest, 24 in head.
Third dorsal spine 22. D. XII, 9.
‘This seems to be a valid species, allied to Scorpena grandicornis. It
may stand as SCORP NA SCROFINA.
86. Scorpzena brasiliensis. (Cuv. & Val., iv, 305.)
A dried skin, .22™ long, from Brazil. , Delalande.
The color is faded, but otherwise, so far as I can see, this specimen
agrees with the species from Florida, heretofore called by us SCORPANA
BRASILIENSIS.
87. Scorpzna inermis. (Cuv. & Val., iv, 311.)
A small specimen from Martinique. Ricord.
Spines on top of head all low and smooth ; no occipital pit; no cirrus
above eye; suborbital stay strong. Lowest spines of preopercle di-
rected a little forward; breast scaly.
Color brownish and mottled, much as in S. brasiliensis. Axil pale.
Three dark bands on caudal. A dark band across head behind eye.
This is probably identical with S. occipitalis Poey and S. calearata
Goode & Bean, in which case it should stand as SCORP NA INERMIS.
Proc. N. M. 86——35 Jamuwary 25, A887.
546 TYPES OF FISHES IN PARIS MUSEUM.
88. Batrachus cryptocentrus. (Cuv. & Val., xii, 485.)
A specimen, .35™ long, from Bahia. Musée de Genéve.
Color mottled-brown, apparently without spots. Dorsal spines nearly
hidden in the loose skin. No foramen in axil, but the skin of the axil
covered with small parallel folds of skin, which are occasionally con-
nected by cross-folds. Spines of head nearly hidden. Teeth short and
very blunt. Rays of dorsal and anal enveloped in skin, and not easily
counted ; 28 to 30 soft rays in the dorsal and 22 to 24 in the anal. Cir-
rus over eye conspicuous.
This is a valid species, and, with B. grunniens, B. diemensis, and other
species without foramen in the axil, it should probably constitute a new
genus. This genus may receive the name of MARCGRAYVIA, in tardy
recognition of the work of the original discoverer of the species, Georg
Maregrav, of Liebstad, author of the “ Historia Rerum Naturalium
Brasiliz ” (1648), and one of the ablest of the early writers on Ameri-
can natural history. The species may stand as MARCGRAVIA CRYP-
TOCENTRA.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY, October 2, 1886.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 547
DESCRIPTIONS OF TEN SPECIES AND ONE NEW GENUS OF AN-
NELIDS FROM THE DREDGINGS OF THE U.S. PISH COMMISSION
STEAMER ALBATROSS.
By JAMES E. BENEDICT.
(With six plates.)
SERPULIDA.
The ten species described in this paper were collected on the Albatross
expeditions during the years 1883~’85. Five are well known, and five
are believed to be new. Other species of the family in the collection
remain to be described in another paper.
The Serpulidez are not among the easiest annelids to collect. The
tubes are nearly always attached to dead shells and stones, which from
their nature are likely to be left to the last for preservation, and then,
if the tubes are not broken with much care, the inhabitants are likely
to be badly mutilated, while as a rule those left in the tubes are not
well preserved. Altogether there is no family of animals more likely
to be neglected in dredging, when more showy, and appareney more
delicate, forms are abundant. j
PROTULA Risso.
Protula diomedee, n. sp.
(Plate xx, figs. 1-6.)
The branchial filaments are inserted on a spiral of about 1} turns,
and are about 40 in number. lHye-like spots are exposed to view when
the branchix are detached.
The thoracic lamellz are broad and thin, with entire edges.
The thoracic sete are long and slender, outer third limbate (fig. 3).
The uncini of this region are shorter and broader than those of the
abdomen (figs. 1 and 2). The anterior abdominal sete are short, with
broad, flat, and slightly falcate blades. The inner edges of the blades
areserrate (fig.4). The extreme posterior abdominal sete, as is common
in species of this genus, are very long and hair-like, with curved points.
The tubes (fig. 6) are from 4 to 5 inches in length, and are attached
by the base to objects on the bottom. The lines of growth are not
conspicuous. The surface is very rough to the touch, reminding one
of shark skin.
The average length of specimens in alcohol is 40™™; breadth, 3™™.
Length of thorax, 11™™; from collar to end of branchiz, 10™™,
Dredged in great numbers at station 2307, in 43 fathoms, off Cape
Hatteras; and one or two at a time at other stations.
548 DESCRIPTIONS OF ANNELIDS.
RECORD OF SPECIMENS.
Off the eastern coast of the United States:
Latitude 36° 38’ 30” N., longitude 74° 40’ 10’ W., 81 fathoms; station 2011, one
specimen (981).
Latitude 36° 41/ 05” N., longitude 74° 30’ 55” W., 373 fathoms; station 2014, two
specimens (982).
Latitude 39° 29/ 00” N., longitude 72° 19’ 55” W., 74 fathoms; station 2031, two
specimens (983).
Latitude 39° 29’ 00’ N., longitude 72° 19’ 40” W., 74 fathoms; station 2032, one
specimen (984).
Latitude 42° 32! 00” N., longitude 68° 17’ 00’ W., 993 fathoms; station 2055, one
specimen (985).
Latitude 40° 16/50” N., longitude 67° 05/ 15” W., 1,290 fathoms; station 2084, one
specimen (986).
Latitude 40° 05’ 00’ N., longitude 70° 34’ 45 W., 70 fathoms; station 2085, one
specimen (987).
Latitude 40° 05’ 05’ N., longitude 70° 35’ 00’ W., 69 fathoms; station 2086, one
specimen (988).
Latitude 40° 06/ 50” N., longitude 70° 34’ 15’ W., 65 fathoms ; station 2087, two
specimens (989).
Latitude 40° 01/50” N., longitude 70° 59’ 00’ W., 117 fathoms; station 2091, one
specimen (990).
Latitude 39° 57’ 30’ N., longitude 69° 41/ 10” W., 78 fathoms; station 2199, one
specimen (991). .
Latitude 35° 42/ 00” N., longitude 74° 54’ 30” W., 43 fathoms; station 2307, very
numerous (992).
Latitude 37° 08’ 30’ N., longitude 74° 33/ 30” W., 85 fathoms; station 2422, two
specimens (994).
Latitude 44° 27/ 30” N., longitude 57° 10! 45” W., 137 fathoms; station 2472, two
specimens (995).
Latitude 44° 07/ 30” N., longitude 57° 16’ 45 W., 116 fathoms; station 2481, one
specimen (996).
Gulf of Mexico:
Latitude 28° 36’ 00’ N., longitude 85° 33/ 30” W., 111 fathoms; station 2402, two
specimens (993).
Two species of Protula have already been described from practically
the same region, P. media Stimpson,* and P. americana MelIntosh.t
From these P. diomedee is readily distinguished, living as it does in
a comparatively straight tube attached only at the base, while they
both construct coil tubes attached more or less throughout their entire
length. A much more important difference in the case of P. media is
its deeply scalloped lamellze described by Stimpson and figured in Smith
and Harger’s Saint George’s Banks Dredgings, pl. vi, as compared with
the entire margin of the thoracic lamelli of P. diomedec. In the case
of Protula americana the uncini are very different. Compare fig. 2 with
fig. 7 of McIntosh. ;
* Marine Invert., Grand Manan, p. 30, 1853.
+Challenger Reports, vol. 12, p. 512, pl. liv, fig. 3; pl. xxxia, figs. 19 and 20; 1885,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 549
Protula alba, n. sp.
(Plate xx, figs. 8, 9.)
Branchiz spiral of about one turn; filaments, twenty-five. When the
branchiz are removed at the base two dark spots are exposed to view
as described by Stimpson as a character of P. media.
The thoracic lamelle are broad and very thin, continuous with the
collar, which is entire.
The sete of the thorax are long and slender, outer third limbate.
The uncini of the thorax and abdomen are alike in form; their teeth are
exceedingly minute (fig.8). The faleate sete of the abdomen have also
very minute teeth on their inner edges (fig. 9). The extreme posterior
abdominal sete are of the usual form, long, hair-like, and curved at the
ends. Color white.
Length of large specimens 25™ ; breadth of thorax, including lamelle,
6™™; breadth of abdomen 2.5™™.
Saint Thomas, West Indies; shallow paee Ten specimens (979).
HYDROIDES Gunner.
Hydroides dianthus Verrill.
(Plate xx, fig. 10.)
Serpula dianthus Verrill, Invert. Animals of Vineyard Sound, p. 620, 1874.
Hydroides dianthus Verrill, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci., Phila., for 1878, p. 300.
Hydroides dianthus Webster, Annel. Chet. of the Virginian Coast, p. 66, 1879; and
Annel. Chet. of New Jersey, p. 28, 1879.
The branchiz are composed of about eighteen filaments. There are
three concentric circles of spines on the operculum, the outer one being
formed by the denticles on the edge. These denticles are from 21 to 27
in number, short and pointed, curving outward from the center. The
next circle is composed of ten long spines (ten on four specimens and
nine on one), curving either outward from the center or towards it; in
none of the specimens examined did more than five point outward.
The third and inner circle is composed of short conical projections
arising from the base of the long spines of the second circle (fig. 10);
these conical projections or spines are close down to the floor of the
operculum, and are usually concealed by dirt.
The only color remaining is a wide band of dark green a little below
the edge of the operculum.
Tubes convoluted, calcareous, on living oysters, shells, and stones.
Five small specimens from the oyster beds of Chesapeake Bay (997).
Hydroides spongicola, n. sp.
(Plate xx, figs. 11,12. Plate xxi, figs, 13-16.)
Branchie large, composed of about thirty slender filaments.
Opereculum armed with three concentric circles of spines, the outer
one on the edge of the operculum comprising sixty-five slender-pointed
denticles curving outward from the center. The next and most promi-
nent circle arises from inside the cup of the operculum and extends
upward perpendicularly to the floor; it is composed of from fourteen to
550 DESCRIPTIONS OF ANNELIDS.
eighteen spines, their points curving invariably inward (fig. 12). The
inner circle of spines arises from the base of the long spines, near the
bottom of the cup, and are slightly curved towards the center (fig. 11).
The collar-sete have two conical points at the head of the main shaft
(13). The uncini of the thorax have from six to eight teeth; those of
the abdomen are smaller, with the same number of teeth (figs. 14 and 15).
The sete and uncini of this and the preceding species are so nearly
alike that they fail to be characteristic.
Very thin and frail calcareous tubes in living sponges.
Length of large specimen, 40™™; breadth, 2.6™™.
Gulf of Mexico, latitude 27° 04’ N., longitude 83° 21’ 15” W., 26
fathoms; station 2409, ten specimens (975).
Hydroides protulicola, n. sp.
(Plate xx, fig.17. Plate xxi, figs. 18-23.)
The branchie are small, having from ten to twelve filaments with
long, naked ends; the pinne are large.
The opercula have about twenty-six conical points forming the edge.
Twelve stout spines, with their points invariably bent outward from
the center, form the inner and prominent armature (fig. 18). These
spines have stout, decurved processes on their inner bases, correspond-
-ing to the spines forming the inner circle in the preceding species
(fig. 17).
As compared with H. dianthus, the points at the head of the main
shaft are a little longer and not quite so stout, and have prominent
markings below them (fig. 19).
The thoracic uncini, having from six to eight teeth, are much nar-
rower than the abdominal, which have five or six teeth (figs. 20 and 21).
Found living in coiled tubes fastened to the tubes of Protula diomedee.
Length of large specimens, 16™™; width, 2™™.
Off Cape Hatteras, latitude 35° 42’ N., longitude 74° 54’ 30” W., 43
fathoms; station 2307, 20 specimens (972).
CRUCIGERA, new gen.
Serpulide with the operculum infundibuliform and calcareo-carti- ,
laginous, bearing radii more or less branched, with rounded apices
crenulating the periphery; inner surfaces beset with conical teeth.
Peduncle with four digital processes just below the operculum, forming
@ Cross.
Crucigera Websteri, n. sp.
(Plate xxi, figs. 24, 25. Plate xxii, figs. 26-30.)
The branchixw are composed of about eighteen filaments.
The operculum is bell-shaped, with a strong peduncle; four digital
processes arise on the peduncle just below the cup and form a cross.
The disk is composed of a number of radii, branching so as to form fifty
well-rounded apices (figs. 24 and 25), The radii, on their inner sur-
faces, are armed with short, conical, horny teeth.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 551
The collar-sete are long and very stout (figs. 26 and 27).
The thoracic uncini are like the abdominal, but much larger (figs.
29 and 30).
The tubes, on their upper surfaces, have two or three very irregular,
thin ridges; their under surfaces, usually attached for the greater part
of their length to dead shells and stones, are, when free, round and
smooth.
Length of large specimen, 16™™.
Gulf of Mexico, latitude 29° 16’ 30” N., longitude 85° 32’ W., 26
fathoms; station 2369, eight specimens (974).
POMATOSTEGUS Schmarda.
Pomatostegus stellatus Schmarda.
(Plate xxii, figs. 32-35. Piate xxiii, figs. 36, 37.)
Teredella stellata Abildg., Schriften Naturf., Freunde, ix, p. 142.
Serpula stellata Savigny, Syst. des Ann., p. 75.
Pomatostegus stellatus Schmarda, Neue wirbellose Thiere, p. 32, 1859. .
The opercula have from two to five disks, the upper ones often much
worn and broken, those nearest the peduncle usually quite perfect.
The upper disks are readily detached, leaving the projecting stem of
the one below surmounted by the usual crown of radial points. The
specimens show, in some cases, a partial cleavage of the soft head of the
peduncle from the lowest disk (figs. 32-34). It would appear from this
that the disks were successively secreted, and that they grow out,
keeping the operculum in good repair.
The collar-setee are long and slender, slightly constricted, and then
enlarged just below the head of the main shaft (fig. 35).
The thoracic sete are limbate; the uncini are large and have twelve
or thirteen teeth (fig. 36). The abdominal uncini are the same in
shape, but have only nine or ten teeth (fig. 37).
The branchie are spiral, of little more than one turn. They retain
their color in alcohol, varying from a dark blue, with only a trace of
white, to a blue with white bands. One specimen has white branchie
with only very narrow bands of blue.
Length of large specimens, 40™™" ; width, 4™™.
Ten specimens (969 and 998).
Jamaica and Curacao; shallow water.
SPIROBRANCHUS Blainville.
Spirobranchus giganteus (Pall.) Morch.
(Plate xxiii, figs. 38-42. Plate xxiv, figs. 43-47.)
Serpula gigantea Pallas, Mise. Zool., p. 139, pl. 10, figs. 2-10.
Serpula gigantea Savigny, Syst. des Ann., p. 74.
Serpula gigantea Grube, Fam. der Ann., p. 90.
Cymospira gigantea Blainville, Dict. des Sci. Nat., Art. Vers.
Cymospira gigantea Schmarda, Neue wirbellose Thiere, p. 31.
Cymospira gigantea Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Ann., tome ii, p. 543.
Spirobranchus giganteus Mirch, Rev. Crit. Serp., p. 56, pl. ii, figs. 18-20,
552 DESCRIPTIONS OF ANNELIDS. .
There are eight specimens of this species in the collection, four from
St. Thomas and four from Curacao. The St. Thomas specimens are
somewhat darker and smaller than those from Curagao. The operculum
of a small specimen from St. Thomas is nearly circular (fig. 38). A
slightly larger specimen shows a ridge running back from the horns to
the center of the disk, as is the case with specimens of the same size
from Curacao.
Figs. 41 and 42 show an operculum of a large specimen from Curacao,
in which the ridge runs back to the posterior edge of the disk and is
elevated, having four short horns projecting at the end.
The branchiz of the large specimens are eight-spiral; those of the
small, five-spiral.
The collar-set# are of two varieties (figs. 43 and 44). The points of
setz represented by fig. 45 were invariably broken. The figure shows
the point restored by producing the outlines to an intersection beyond
the break. 7
The thoracic uncini (fig. 45) have from sixteen to eighteen teeth; the
abdominal (fig. 46), from ten to thirteen.
The collars of all the specimens are of a deep blue; the branchiz are
rose-red, variegated with flesh-color.
As is well known, this species lives in tubes formed in coral. The
mouths of the tubes are made smooth by a secretion of carbonate of
lime of a light-purple tinge. A single curved spine of the same sub-
stance projects over the entrance of the tube (fig. 40). This is undoubt-
edly secreted by the worm.
The largest specimen is about 75™™ in length and 9™™ in breadth;
the smallest about 40™™ in length, and 5™™ in breadth.
Colors and sizes taken from specimens in strong alcohol.
Coral reefs; shallow water (961-964).
Spirobranchus incrassatus (Kroyer) Morch.
(Plate xxiii, fig. 48. Plate xxiv, fig. 49.)
Cumospira incrassata Kroyer, Mus. Reg.
Cymospira incrassata Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Ann., t. ii, p. 545.
Spirobranchus incrassatus Morch, Rey. Crit. Serp., p. 59, pl. xi, figs. 21-23.
A single specimen of this species was placed in the collection by a
member of the Mexican Geographical Commission. Itagrees quite well
with Morch’s description and figures, except that the unpaired horn
arises from the operculum (fig. 49) at the same angle as the large pair,
and all are much nearer the center. The true outline of the operculum
is shown in fig. 48. The branchie are eight-spiral.
It is probable that a large series of specimens would show this to be
a variety of S. giganteus, or even a form due to age. The species was
described originally from the Pacific Ocean.
The long collar-setz are the same in size and shape as those figured
from S. giganteus. 1t was impossible to compare the small collar-sete,
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 553
The thoracic uncini have from eighteen to twenty teeth; the abdom-
inal, eleven to thirteen. The capillary sete from the abdomen are a
little more enlarged at the end.
Length, 90™™; breadth, 9™™, in alcoholic specimens. No color. re-
mains.
Collected at Vera Cruz. Teste Senor J. G. Aguilera (999).
Spirobranchus dendropoma March.
(Plate xxiv, figs. 57, 58. Plate xxv, figs. 50-56.)
Spirobranchus dendropoma Mirch, Rey. Crit. Serp., p. 60, 1863.
Cymospira litigera Quatrefages, Hist. Nat. des Ann., tome ii, p. 545, 1865.
Many specimens of this species were collected at St. Thomas, Jamaica,
and Curacao. They agree quite well with Mérch’s description except
that the horns, five or six in number, are situated nearer the center
than he describes them.
The branchie differ from the two preceding species of the genus in
having but one turn on a circular rather than on a spiral base, and in
the structure of the branchial filaments, which have a cirrus at the base
of the free portion (fig. 50).
While in these respects it differs from the leading species of the genus,
the structure of the opercula and the form of the set and uncini show
it to be closely related to it. The opercula vary in shape, and range in
color from dark blue to white. The horns of some of the larger speci-
mens (fig. 53) are short and stumpy, while others are long and have
numerous branches (figs. 51 and 52). Specimens with large horns have,
as a rule, more slender peduncles. The digital processes on the inner
margin of the wings of the peduncles are often well marked.
No unbroken specimens of the collar-setz were found. The markings
on the head of the main shaft are more distinct than those on similar
sete of S. giganteus (fig. 54.)
The uncini of the thorax are simiiar to those of the abdomen but
larger, and average one or two teeth more, the former having from
twelve to fifteen, and the latter from ten to thirteen, according to their
position in the row (figs. 55 and 56). The abdominal sete are scarcely
distinguishable from those of the preceding species (fig. 57).
The specimens when first collected were placed in strong alcohol, and
still retain some color, as is often the case under these circumstances.
The branchiz vary from a light to a dark blue banded with white.
The lamellz of the thorax are in most cases a dark violet-blue. The
thorax and anterior part of the abdomen are dark.
Length of large specimens, 40"™; breadth, 2.5™™.
In tubes; coral reefs; shallow water (967, 968, and 977).
A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE FISHES OF THE WEST INDIES
By DAVID STARR JORDAN.
In this list I have endeavored to represent the present condition of our
knowledge of the fish-fauna cf the West Indies. I have included in it
all species which have been accredited by good authority to the waters
of the West Indies proper and the Bermudas, as well as to the Atlantic
coasts of Mexico, Central America, Venezuela, and Guiana. I have ex-
cluded from it all species which have not yet been found farther south
than the Florida Keys and the “Snapper Banks” of the Gulf, as well as
all those as yet known only from Brazil, although, as a matter of course,
many of each of these categories will be found to be genuine members of
the West Indian fauna, the “Snapper Bank” fauna especially being en-
tirely West Indian in its general character. In most of the families
an attempt has been made to exclude purely nominal species, but in
some groups (Siluride, Syngnathide, Muranide, ete.), in which no eriti-
cal Studies have yet been made, this has been impossible.
Throughout the list reference has been made to Giinther’s Catalogue
of the Fishes of the British Museum, and in case of species described
under one name or another in the writings of Professor Poey, this fact
is indicated by the letter P.
It should be clearly understood that this is simply a preliminary list,
which must needs be greatly modified when the species of the different
groups receive thorough study. It is probable that comparatively few
of the larger shore-fishes are to be added to the list, but of the smaller
fishes, and especially of those found in deep water, it is not unlikely
tbat the majority are still undescribed.
This list may be compared with a similar list of the species described
from the Pacific Coast of Tropical America, published by me in these
Proceedings for 1885, pp. 561-394.
In matters of nomenclature, I have endeavored to follow exactly the
rules laid down in the code recently published by the American Orni-
thologists’ Union, with the exception of Canons XVII and XVIII, both
of which I repudiate, as likely to be productive only of confusion.
Family 1.—BRANCHIOSTOMID A.
1. BRANCHIOSTOMA Costa.
1. Branchiostoma lanceolatum (Pallas). (G. viii, 513.)
(Branchiostoma caribeum Sundevall: possibly a valid species. }
Family I1.—HEXANCHID.
2. HEXANCHUS Ratfinesque.
2. Hexanchus griseus (Gmelin). (G. viii, 397, P.)
554
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
wm
Or
en)
«
Family Il1.—SQUALIDAS.
3. SOUALUS (Linneus) Rafinesque.
3. Squalus acanthias L. (G. viii, 418. P.)
4. ETMOPTERUS Rafinesque.
(Spinax Cuvier.)
4. Etmopterus spinax (Linnzus). (G. viii, 424. P.)
(Spinax hillianus Poey.)
Family IV.—SCYLLUIORHINID Ai.
5. GINGLYMOSTOMA Miiller & Henle.
5. Ginglymostoma cirratum (Gmelin). (G. viii, 408. P.)
(? Ginglymostoma fulvum Poey: probably a color-variety.)
Family V.—GALEORHINIDAE.
6. GALEUS (Rafinesque) Leach.
(Mustelus Cuvier.)
G. Galeus canis (Mitchill). (4G. viii, 386. P.)
7. GALEOCERDO Miiller & Henle.
7.-Galeocerdo maculatus (Ranzani). (G. villi, 378. P.)
(Galeocerdo tigrinus Miiller & Henle.)
8. CARCHARHINUS Blainville.
(Carcharias Cuvier: not of Rafinesque.)
§ Hulamia Gill.
8. Carcharhinus lamia (Risso). (G. viii, 372. P.)
(Eulamia longimana Poey.)
9. Carcharhinus platyodon (Poey). (P.)
(Eulamia obtusa Poey.)
10. Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron). (P.)
(Squalus tiburo Poey: not of L.)
11. Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey). (P.)
12. Carcharhinus perezii (Poey). (P.)
13. Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani). (G. vill, 365.)
(? Carcharias fissidens Bennett, 1830; Carcharias henlet Valenciennes. )
14. Carcharhinus leucos (Valenciennes).
(Carcharias leucos Val. in Miiller & Henle, Plag. 42.)
15. Carcharhinus remotus (Valenciennes).
(Carcharias remotus Val. Duméril, Elasmobr., 1870, 344, )
16. Carcharhinus maculipinnis (Poey). (P.)
556 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
17.
18.
1S:
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
26.
27.
23.
29.
30.
31.
Carcharhinus nicaraguensis (Gill).
(Eulamia nicaraguensis Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila.)
§ Hypoprion Miiller & Henle.
Carcharhinus brevirostris (Poey). (G. viii, 362. P.)
Carcharhinus signatus (Poey). (G. viii, 362. P.)
Carcharhinus longirostris (Poey). (P.)
\ Isogomphodon Gill.
Carcharhinus limbatus (Miiller & Henle). (G. viii, 373.)
(Carcharias miilleri Steindachner ; Prionodon cucuri Castelnau.)
Carcharhinus oxyrhynchus (Miiller & Henle). (G. viii, 375.)
§ Aprionodon Gill.
Carcharhinus isodon (Miiller & Henle). (G. viii, 361. P.)
(Carcharias punctatus Giinther: not Sq. punctatus Mitchill.)
§ Scoliodon Miiller & Henle.
Carcharhinus terre-nove (Richardson). (G. viii, 360. P.)
(?. Squalus punctatus Mitchill, the name punctatus preoccupied; Carcharias
(Scoliodon) lalandi Miiller & Henle; Scoliodon porosus Poey.)
Family VI.—SPHYRNIDA.
9. SPHYRNA Rafinesque.
§ Reniceps Gill.
. Sphyrna tiburo (Linneeus). (G. viii, 382. P.)
§ Sphyrna.
Sphyrna tudes (Cuvier). (G. vill, 382.) i
Sphyrna zygeena (Linneeus). (G. viii, 381. P.)
Family VII.—ALOPIIDAS.
10. ALOPIAS Rafinesque.
Alopias vulpes (Gmelin). (G. vili, 393. P.)
Family VIJI.—LAMNIDAs.
11. ISURUS Rafinesque.
Isurus dekayi Gill. (P.)
Family [IX.—PRISTIDID &.
12. PRISTIS Latham.
Pristis pectinatus Latham. (G. viii, 437. P.) '
(? Pristis acutirostris Daméril.)
Pristis perrotteti Miiller & Henle. (G, viii, 466.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 557
Family X.—RHINOBATID Ai.
13. RHINOBATUS Bloch & Schneider.
32. Rhinobatus spinosus Giinther. (G. viii, 513: ‘* Mexico,”)
Family XI.—RAJIDA.
14. RAJA Linneus.
33. Raja ackleyi Garman. (Garman, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZodJ., xi, 235, 1881.)
Family XIL.—TORPEDINID 4%.
15. TORPEDO Duméril.
34. Torpedo occidentalis Storer. (G. viii, 448. P.)
16. NARCINE Henle.
35. Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers). (G. viii, 453.)
(Narcine wmbrosa Jordan. )
Family XU1.—DASYATIDA.
17. UROLOPHUS Miiller & Henle.
36. Urolophus torpedinus (Desmarest). (G. viii, 485. P.)
18. DASYATIS Rafinesque.
37. Dasyatis say (Le Sueur). (P.)
38. Dasyatis hastata (De Kay). (G. vili, 476.)
39. Dasyatis tuberculata (Lacépede). (G. viii, 480.)
19. TAENIURA* Miiller & Henle.
(? Ellipesuris Schomburgk: Potamotrygon Garman. )
40. Teeniura dumérili (Castelnau). (GQ. viii, 484.)
(? Ellipesurus spinicauda Schomburgk. )
41. Teniura motoro (Miiller & Henle). (G. viii, 484.)
42. Tzeniura hystrix (Miiller & Henle). (G. viii, 482.)
(2? Pastinaca humboldti Roulin.)
43. Teeniura magdalene (Vaienciennes).
(Duméril, Elasmobranches, 1870,625: Steindachner, Zur Fisch-fauna des Mag-
delenen-Stromes, 1878, 56.)
20. PARATRYGON Duméril.
(Disceus Garman.)
44. Paratrygon strongylopterus (Schomburek). (G. viii, 476.)
* For an account of the species of these genera of fluviatile Sting-rays, Teniura and
Paratrygon, see Garman, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1877, 210, and Steindachner, Zur
Fisch-fanna des Magdelenen-Stromes, 1878,
558 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
21. PTEROPLATEA Miiller & Henle.
45. Pteroplatea maclura (Le Sueur). (G. vili, 487.)
Family X1V.—MYLIOBATIDA.
22. STOASODON Cautor.
46. Stoasodon narinari (Euphrasen). (G. viii, 492. P.)
23. MYLIOBATIS (Constant) Duméril.
47. Myliobatis freminville (Le Sueur). (G. viii, 488.)
48. Myliobatis goodei Garman.
(Garman, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, 39.)
Family XV.—MANTIDE.
24. MANTA Bancroft.
49. Manta birostris (Walbaum). (G. vili, 498. P.)
25. MCBULA Ratinesque.
(Cephaloptera Duméril preocupied: Dicerobatis Blainville.)
50. Mobula hypostoma (Bancroit). (G. vill, 497. P.)
( Cephaloptera olfersi Miiller. )
Family X VL—CHIM ARID As,
26. CHIMZ:RA Linneus.
51. Chimera monstrosa (Linneus). (G. viii, 349. P.)
Family XVI.—LEPISOSTEID 4.
27. LHPISOSTEUS Lacépede.
52. Lepisosteus tristcechus (Bloch & Schneider). (G. viii, 329. P.)
(Lepidosteus manjuari Poey; Lepisosteus spatula Lacépéde. )
Family XVIIJ.—SILURIDA.
28. GALEICHTHYS Cuv. & Val.
§ Arius Cuv. & Val.
53. Galeichthys melanopus (Giipther). (G. v, 172.)
54. Galeichthys variolosus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. v, 173.)
55. Galeichthys fissus (Cuv. & Val.). (G.v, 172.)
(? Pimelodus spixi Agassiz; ? Pimelodus albidus Spix: the name albidus preoc-
cupied. )
56. Galeichthys arenatus (Cuv.& Val.). (G.v, 172.)
57. Galeichthys laticeps ‘Giinther). (G.v, 171.)
1886.]| PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED SFATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 559
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
aAe
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
ads
78.
29:
80.
81.
82.
83.
GB4.
. Galeichthys nuchalis (Giinther). (G.v, 171.)
. Galeichthys luniscutis (Cuv. & Val.). (G.v, 152.)
. Galeichthys parkeri (Traill). (G.v, 152.)
(Arius quadriscutis Cuv. & Val.)
\ Hexanematichthys,* Netuma, ete.
Galeichthys assimilis (Giinther). (G.v, 146.)
Galeichthys barbus (Lacépéde). (G.v, 143.)
(Pimelodus barbus and commersoni Lacépéde. )
Galeichthys herzbergi (Bloch). (G.v, 144.)
( Bagrus celestinus Miller & Troschel.)
Galeichthys dubius (Bleeker). (G.v, 144.)
Galeichthys mesops (Cuv. & Val.). (G.v, 145.)
Galeichthys surinamensis (Bleeker). (G.v, 148.)
Galeichthys proops (Cuv. & Val.). (G.v, 148.)
Galeichthys passany (Cuv. & Val.). (G.v, 149.)
Galeichthys emphysetus (Miiller & Troschel). (G.v, 150.)
Galeichthys albicans (Cuv. & Val.). (G.v, 150.)
(Arius valenciennesi Giinther. )
Galeichthys flavescens (Cuy. & Val.). (G.v, 151.)
Galeichthys temminckianus (Cuy. & Val.) (G.v, 151.)
Galeichthys felis (Linneus). (G. v, 155, 173.)
(Arius nilberti Cuy. & Val.; Arius equestris Baird & Girard.)
Galeichthys rugispinis (Cuv. & Val). . (G. v, 156.)
(? Galeichthys dieperinki Bleeker. )
Galeichthys phrygiatus (Cuv. & Val). (G. v, 156.)
Galeichthys grandicassis (Cuv. & Val). (G. v, 153.)
Galeichthys stricticassis (Cuv. & Val). G. v, 154.)
29. HLURICHTHYS Baird & Girard.
falurichthys marinus (Mitchill). (G. v, 178.)
(Galeichthys parre and blochi Cuv. & Val.)
4Slurichthys longispinis Giinther. (G. v, 178.)
Z4Glurichthys bagre (Linnieus). (G. v, 178.)
(Galeichthys gronovit C. & VY.)
es
30. PIMELODUS Lacépede.
\ Rhamdia Bleeker. (= Pimelonotus Gill.)
Pimelodus vilsoni (Gill). (G. v, 122.)
Family XTX.—LORICARID 4.
31. CALLICHTHYS Gronow.
(Cataphractus (Bloch) Lacépede: preoccupied in mammalia.)
Callichthys Kneri (Gill). (G. v, 227.)
Callichthys littoralis Hancock. (G. v, 227.)
(Callicithys lavigatus and subulatus C. & V.; Hoplosternum stevardi Gill.)
Callichthys thoracatus Cuv. & Val. (G. v, 228.)
*Doabtfal species are: Bagrus pemecus Cuv. & Val., and Bagrus couina Cuv. & Val.
(G. v, 138.)
560 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
32. CORYDORAS Lacépéde.
85. Corydoras zueus Gill. (G. v, 230.)
33. PLECOSTOMUS (Artedi). Bleeker.
(Hypostomus Cuv. & Val.: not of Lacépéde.)
86. Plecostomus ? robini (Cuv. & Val.*) (G. v, 236.)
34, CHZ{TOSTOMUS (Heckel) Tschudi.
§SAncistrus Kner.
87. Chetostomus guacharote Cuv. & Val. (G. v, 245.)
88. Chzetostomus trinitatis Giinther. (G. v, 246.)
Family XX.—ERYTHRINIDZ.
35. BRYTHRINUS Gronow.
89. Erythrinus cinereus Gill. (G. v, 283.)
36. MACRODON Miiller & Troschel.
90. meeredon ferox Gill.” (Ge-v, 281-)
37. STEVARDIA Gill.
\ Stevardia.
91. Stevardia albipinnis Gill. (G. v, 287.)
§ Corynopoma Gill.
92. Stevardia riisei (Gill). (G. v, 287.)
93. Stevardia veedoni (Gill). (G. v, 287.)
§ Nematopoma Gill.
94. Stevardia searlesi (Gill). (G. v, 288.)
Family XXI.—_CHARACINID AX
38. CURIMATUS Cuvier.
.95. Curimatus argenteus Gill. (G. v. 344.)
39. TETRAGONOPTERUS (Artedi) Cuvier.
§ Astyanax Baird & Girard.
96. Tetragonopterus brevoortii (Gill). (G. v, 317.)
97. Tetragonopterus tzeniurus (Gill). (G. v, 317.)
98. Tetragonopterus pulcher (Gill). (G. v, 317.)
§ Hemigrammus Gill.
99. Tetragonopterus unilineatus (Gill.) (G. v, 317.)
*Hypostomus robini Gill, Aun. Lyc. Nat. Hist., vi, 46. According to Giinther, this
is probably a different species from that described by Valenciennes,
1886. ]
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
‘109.
110.
ill.
112.
113.
114.
115.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 561
Family XXII.—ALBULIDZ2.
40. ALBULA -Gronow.
Albula vuipes (Linneus). (G. vii, 468. P.)
Family X XIIIJ.—KLOPIDA.
41. ELOPS Linneus.
Blops saurus Linneus. (G. vii, 470. P.)
42. MEGALOPS Lacépéde.
Megalops atlanticus Cuv. & Val. (G. vii, 472. P.)
Family XXIV.—CLUPEID.
43. CLUPBA Linnzus.
§ Sardinia Poey.
Clupea pseudohispanica Poey. (G. vii, 442. P.)
Clupea apicalis Miiller & Troschel. (G. vii, 441.)
(? Alosa bishopt Miiller & Troschel.)
§ Sardinella Cuv. & Val.
Clupea anchovia (Cuv. & Val). (G. vii, 421.)
§ Hurengula Cuv. & Val.
Clupea sardina Poey. (P.)
Clupea macrophthalma Ranzani. (G. vii, 421.)
(Clupea maculosa C. & V.)
Clupea callolepis (Goode).
(Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 152: Bermuda.)
Clupea clupeola (Cuv. & Val). (G. vii, 422. P.)
(? Harengula latulus Cuv. & Val.; Harengula clupeola Poey ; Clupea humeralis
Gthr. ; ? 4lausa striata Cuv. & Val.)
Clupea humeralis (Cuy. & Val.) (P.)
(? Harengula jaguana Poey. ?Harengula pensacole Goode & Bean.)
44. OPISTHONEMA Gill.
Opisthonema oglinum (Le Sueur). (G. vii, 432. P.)
45. BREVOORTIA Gill.
Brevoortia tyrannus aurea (Agassiz). G. vii, 437.)
46. PELLONA Cuv. & Val.
Pellona bleekeriana Poey. (P.)
Pellona flavipinnis Valenciennes. (G. vii, 464.)
47. PRISTIGASTER Cuvier.
Pristigaster cayanus Cuvier. (G. vii, 463.)
(Pristigaster martti Agassiz ; Pristigaster phethon Cuv. & Val.)
Proc. N. M. 86——36 February 8, i887.
562 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
48. ODONTOGNATHUS Lacépéde.
116. Odontognathus mucronatus Lacépéde. (G. vii, 462.)
49. CHIROCENTRODON Giinther.
117. Chirocentrodon tzniatus Giinther. (G. vii, 463.)
50. DUSSUMIERIA Cuv. & Val.
118. Dussumieria? lamprotznia. (Gosse). (G. vii, 465.)
Family XXV.—STOLEPHORIDA.
51. STOLEPHORUS Lacépéde.
119. Stolephorus browni (Gmelin). (G. vii, 389. P.)
120. Stolephorus perfasciatus (Poey). (G. vii, 381. P.)
121. Stolephorus productus (Poey). (G. vii, 388. P.)
122. Stolephorus argyrophanus (Cuv. & Val.)
(? Stolephorus eurystole Swain & Meek.)
123. Stolephorus cubanus (Poey). (P.)
124. Stolephorus mitchilli (Cuv. & Wal.) (?G. vii, 391.)
125. Stolephorus spinifer (Cuv. & Val.) (G. vii, 394.)
126. Stolephorus surinamensis (Bleeker). (G. vii, 393.)
127. Stolephorus chcsrostomus (Goode).
(Engraulis cherostomus Goode, Am. Journ. Sci. Arts, 1874, 125, Bermuda. )
52. PTERENGRAULIS Giinther.
128. Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnzus). (G. vii, 398.)
53. LYCENGRAULIS Giinther.
129. Lycengraulis grossidens (Cuvier). (G. vii, 399.)
54. CETENGRAULIS Giinther.
130. Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvir). (G. vii, 383. P.)
(Cetengraulis brevis Poey.)
Family XX VI.—ALEPISAURIDA.
55. ALEPISAURUS Lowe.
(Plagyodus (Steller) Giinther. )
131. Alepisaurus altivelis Poey. (G. v, 423. P.)
(Caulopus poeyi (Gill. )
Family XX VII.—PARALEPIDIDA.
56. SUDIS Rafinesque.
132. Sudis intermedius Poey. (P.)
1886. ]
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
63
Gr
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Family XX VIII.—SYNODONTIDAi.*
57. SYNODUS Gronow.
§ Synodus,
Synodus fcetens (Linnzus). (G. v, 396.)
Synodus saurus (Linnzus). (G. v, 394.)
Synodus spixianus Poey. (G. v, 397. P.)
Synodus anolis (Cuv. & Val.). (G. viii, 396. P.)
(Synodus cubanus Poey.)
Synodus synodus (Linnzus).
(Saurus intermedius Spix ; Saurus atlanticus Johnson.)
Synodus poeyi Jordan. (P.)
(Synodus intermedius Meek: not of Spix.)
§ Trachinocephalus Gill.
Synodus myops (Forster). (G. v, 398: 397. P.)
( Trachinocephalus brevirostris Poey.)
58. BENTHOSAURUS Goode & Bean.
Benthosaurus grallatus Goode & Bean. .
(Goode & Bean, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., xii, 5, No. 169, 1886.)
Family XX1IX.—SCOPELIDA.
59. MYCTOPHUM Rafinesque.
Myctophum nocturnum Poey. (P.)
Family XXX.—STOMIATID.
60. ASTRONESTHES Richardson.
Astronesthes niger Richardson. (G. v, 425.)
Astronesthes richardsoni Poey. (P.)
Family XX XI.—CYPRINODONTIDZ.
61. HETERANDRIA Agassiz.
(Girardinus Poey.)
Heterandria uninotata (Poey). (G.vi, 351. P.)
Heterandria metallica (Poey). (G. vi, 351. P.)
Heterandria versicolor (Giinther). (G. vi, 352.)
Heterandria guppii (Giinther). (G. vi, 353.
*See.a review of the American species of Synodus by Meek, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.
Phila., 1884, 130.
cq
co
HK
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169!
LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
62. LEBISTES De Filippi.
Lebistes pecilioides De Filippi. (G. vi, 355.)
63. POSCILIA Bloch & Schneider.
(Limia Poey.)
Peecilia vittata Guichenot. (G. vi, 339,340. P.)
(Limia cubensis Peey.)
Peecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider. (G. vi, 345.)
Pecilia melanogaster Giinther. (G. vi, 345.)
Pecilia dominicensis Cuv. & Val. (G. vi, 346.)
Peecilia pavonina (Poey). (P.)
64. ANABLEPS (Artedi) Bloch.
Anableps anableps (Linnzus). (G. vi, 337.)
(Anableps tetroph!halmus Bloch. )
Anableps microlepis Miiller & Troschel. (G. vi, 338.)
(Anableps coarctatus and ? A. elongatus Cuv. § Val.)
65. GAMBUSIA Poey.
Gambusia punctata Poey. (G. vi, 334. P.)
Gambusia puncticulata Poey. (G. vi, 334. P.)
Gambusia picturata Poey. (P.)
Gambusia melapleura (Gosse). (G. vi, 317. Jamaica).
66. BELONESOX Kner.
Belonesox belizanus Kner. (G. vi, 353.)
67. RIVULUS Poey.
Rivulus cylindraceus Poey. (G. vi, 327. P.)
Rivulus marmoratus Poey. (P.)
Rivulus micropus Steindachner. (G. vi, 327.)
Rivulus elegans Steindachner.
(Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wein, 1880, 33 Rio Cauca.)
68. FUNDULUS Lacépéde.
Fundulus fonticola Cuv. & Val.
(Cuv. & Val., xviii, 198.)
Fundulus bermude Giinther.
(Giinther Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 1874. Bermuda: Fundulus rhizophore Goode; |
Amer. Jour, Sci. Arts, 1877, 298.)
69. CYPRINODON Lacépéde.
( Trifarcius Poey,)
Cyprinodon variegatus riverendi (Poey). (P.)
Cyprinodon felicianus (Poey). (P.)
Cyprinodon marte Steindachner.
(Ichth. Beitr., iv, 62, 1875. Mouth of Rio Magdalena.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 565
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
a
178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
Family XX XIi.—GYMNOTID4.
70. GITON (Kaup) Duméril.
(Carapus Miiller & Troschel, not of Ratinesque.)
Giton fasciatus (Pallas). (G. viii, 9.)
Family XX XIII.—SYMBRANCHIDZ.
71. SYMBRANCHUS Bloch.
Symbranchus marmoratus Bloch. (G. viii, 15. P.)
Family XX X1IV.—MURASNIDAN.
72. ENCHELYCORE Kaup.
Enchelycore nigricans (Bonnaterre). (G. viii, 135.)
73. CHANNOMURZINA Richardson.
Channomureena vittata Richardson. (G. viii, 134. P.).
(Channomurana cubensis Poey.)
74. ECHIDNA Forster.
(Pecilophis Kaup.)
Echidita catenata (Bloch). (G. viii, 130. P.)
(KHehidna flavofasciata and fuscomaculata Poey.)
PYTHONICHTHYS Poey.
Pythonichthys sanguineus Poey. (G. viii, 126. P.)
75. SIDERA* Kaup.
(Gymnothorax Poey: not Bloch.)
Sidera funebris (Ranzani). (G. viii, 123. P.)
(Gymnothoraz infernalis Poey; Murena afra Giinther, not Bloch; Gymnothorax
erebus Poey ; Thyrsoidea concolor Abbott.)
Sidera aterrima (Kaup). (G. viii, 134.)
Sidera nigrocastanea (Cope).
(Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., 1870, 483.)
Sidera virescens (Poey). (P.)
Sidera flavoscripta (Poey). (P.)
Sidera vicina (Castelnau). (G. viii, 121.)
Sidera polygonia (Poey). (P.)
Sidera umbrosa (Poey). (P.)
Sidera obscurata (Poey). (P.)
*Many of the species of Sidera here admitted are of very doubtful value.
566 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES,
185. Sidera miliaris (Kaup). (G. viii, 100. P.)
(Gymnothorax scriptus Poey; Murenophis punotata Castelnan, both these
names preoccupied.)
186. Sidera elaborata (Poey). (P.)
? Thyrsoidea flavopicta Kaup; Murena multiocetlaita Poey.)
187. Sidera conspersa (Poey). (P.)
188. Sidera moringa (Cuvier). (G. viii, 120. P.)
(Gymnothorax rostratus Agassiz; ?Gymnothorax versipunctatus Poey ; Gymno-
thorax picturatus Kaup.)
189. Sidera maculipinnis (Kaup).
190. Sidera ocellata (Agassiz). (G. viii, 102.)
191. Sidera variegata (Castelnau). (G. viii, 103.)
192. Sidera sancte-helenz (Giinther). (G. viii, 115.)
76. MURZNA Linneus.
193. Murzena melanotis (Kaup). (G. viii, 98.)
Family XXX V.—OPHISURIDAS.
77. ICHTHYAPUS Barneville.
194. Ichthyapus acutirostris Barneville. (G. viii, 90.)
78. CCBCULA Vabl.
(Sphagebranchus Bloch.)
195, Ccecula rostrata (Bloch).
(Sphagebranchus rostratus Bloch, Vafel 419. Surinam.)
79. OPHISURUS Lacépéde.
(Pisoodonophis Kaup. )
196. Ophisurus acuminatus (Gronow). (G. viii, 83. P.)
(Ophisurus longus Poey ; ? Pisoodonophis guttulatus Kaup; ? Ophichthys pisivarius
Poey.)
197. Ophisurus pardalis (Valenciennes). (G. viii, 82. P.)
(Pisoodonophis oculatus Kaup; ? Ophisurus latimaculatus Poey.)
198. Ophisurus breviceps (Richardson). (G. viii, 82.)
80. OPHICHTHYS Ahl.
199. Ophichthys ocellatus (Le Sueur). (G. viii, 68.)
200. Ophichthys triserialis (Kaup). (G. viii, 58.)
201. Ophichthys havanensis (Bloch & Schneider). (G. viii, 67. P.)
( Uranichthys brachycephalus Poey.)
202. Ophichthys parilis (Richardson). (G. vili, 59.
203. Ophichthys macrurus (Poey). (P.)
204. Ophichthys magnioculis (Kaup). (G. viii, 59.)
205. Ophichthys chrysops (Poey). (G. viii, 60. P.)
( ?Leptorhinophis gomesii Kaup.)
1886. ]
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 567
Ophichthys pauciporus (Poey). (G. viii, 60. P.)
Ophichthys brachyurus (Poey). (P.)
( Oxyodontichthys limbatus Poey.)
Ophichthys puncticeps (Kaup). (G. viii, 60.)
Ophichthys intertinctus (Richardson). (G. viii, 57.)
Ophichthys punctifer (Kaup). (G. viii, 56. P.)
( Macrodonophis mordax Poey).
Ophichthys schneideri Steindachner.
(Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., viii, 67, 1879.)
Family XXX VI.—CONGRIDi.
81. CHILORHINUS Liitken.
Chilorhinus suensoni Liitken. (G. vili, 52. P.)
82. MYROPHIS Liitken.
Myrophis punctatus Liitken. (G. viii, 51, in part. P.)
(Myrophis microsligmius Poey; ? Myrophis lumbricus Jordan & Gilbert, young. )
83. HOPLUNNIS Kaup.
Hoplunnis schmidti Kaup. (G. viii, 49.)
84. LEPTOCONGER Poey.
Leptoconger perlongus Poey. (P.)
85. MURAINESOX McClelland.
( Cynoponticus Costa.)
Mureenesox savanna (Cuvier). (G. vili, 47. P.)
(? Murenesox curvidens Richardson. )
86. CONGROMURZ2NA Kaup.
(Ophisoma Swainson: preoccupied. )
Congromurena balearica (De la Roche). (G. viii, 41. P.)
(? Ophisoma impressa Pocy.)
Congromurena analis (Poey).
87. CONGER Cuvier.
Conger conger (Linnzus). (G. viii, 38. P.)
(Uonger esculentus Poey.)
Conger caudilimbatus Poey. (G. viii, 40. P.)
(Conger macrops Giinther. )
Conger multidens Castlenan. (G. viii, 40.)
Family XXX VII.—ANGUILLIDA.
88. ANGUILLA Thunberg.
Anguilla anguilla rostrata (Le Sueur). (G. viii, 31,32. P.)
(Anguilla cubana Kaup.)
222 (b). Anguilla anguilla latirostris (Risso). (GQ. viii, 32.)
568 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
Family XXX VIIL.—BELONIDAL.
89. TYLOSURUS Cocco
\ Tylosurus.
223. Tylosurus notatus (Poey). (G. vi, 248. P.)
224. Tylosurus subtruncatus (Poey). (P.)
(Belone depressa Poey ; Tylosurus sagitia Jordan & Gilbert.)
225. Tylosurus euryops Bean & Dresel.
226. Tylosurus diplotznia (Cope.)
(Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1871, 481.)
227. Tylosurus microps (Giinther). (G. vi, 237.)
228. Tylosurus ardeola (Cuv. & Val.)! (G. vi, 235. ?)
(? Belone cigonella Cuv. & Val.; ? ? Belone argalus Le Sueur; ? Belone depressa
Giinther, not of Poey.)
229. Tylosurus almeida (Quoy & Gaimard.)
(? ? Lsox brasiliensis L.; Belone timucu Cuy. & Val.)
230. Tylosurus galeatus (Cuv. & Val.)
(Cuv. & Val., xviii, 429.)
231. Tylosurus raphidoma (Ranzani.)
(Belone gerania Cuv. & Val.; Belone crassa Poey; Tylosurus gladius Bean.)
232. Tylosurus acus (Lacépede.) (G. vi, 249. P.)
(? Sphyrena acus Lacépéde ; Belone latimana Poey ; Belone melanochira Poey;
Belone jonesi Goode; Belone jonesi Giinther, ? Ksox imperiahs Rafinesque ;
?Tylosurus cantraini Cocco.)
233. Tylosurus caribzeus (Le Sueur). (G. vi, 241. P.)
(Belone altipinna Poey ; ? same as preceding.)
§ Athlennes Jordan & Yordice.
234. Tylosurus hians (Cuv. & Val.). (G. vi, 248. P.)
(Belone maculata Poey.)
Family XX XIX.—SCOMBERESOCID As.
90. HEMIRHAMPHUS* Cuvier.
§ Hemirhamphus.
235. Hemirhamphus balao Le Sueur. (G. vi, 209, 270.)
(Hemirhamphus browni and pléei Cuv. & Val.; Hemirhamphus brasiliensis
Giinther; Hemirhamphus filamentosus Poey ; ? Hyporhamphus macrochirus
Poey.)
§ Hyporhamphus Gill.
236. Hemirhamphus unifasciatus Ranzani. (G. vii. 262. P.)
(Hemirhamphus fasciatus Poey; Hemirhamphus poeyi Giinther ; Hemirhamphus
richardi C. & V.; Hyporhamphus tricuspidatus Gill. )
236 (b). Hemirhamphus unifasciatus roberti Cuy. & Val. (G. vi. 262, 263. P.)
*For the synonymy of the species of this genus, see a paper by Meek and Goss, Proce.
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884 ; 220.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 569
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244.
245.
246.
247.
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
258.
254.
255.
256.
*For synonymy and characters of the species of Exoceetus, see Jordan & Meek, Proc.
Wats
91. BULEPTORHAMPHUS Gill.
Euleptorhamphus longirostris (Cuvier). (G. vil, 276. P.)
(Euleptorhamphus velox Poey.)
92. FODIATOR Jordan & Meek.
Fodiator acutus (Cuv. & Val). (G. vi, 281.)
93. PAREXOCGSTUS Bleeker.
Parexocctus mesogaster (Bloch). (G. vi, 284. P.)
94. HALOCYPSELUS Weinland.
Halocypselus evolans (Linnezus). (G.vi, 281, 282. P.)
95. BXOCGiTUS* Linneus.
/
Exoccetus exiliens Gmelin.
(Exowtus lamellifer Kner & Steind. Neue Fische Goddeffr. Mus. 1866, 29.)
Exoccetus rondeleti Cuv. & Val.
(Exocetus volador Jordan, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus. 1884, 34.)
Exoccetus vinciguerre Jordan & Meek.
(Jordan & Meek, Proc. U. S, Mus. 1885. 56.)
Exoceetus volitans Linnzus.
(G. vi, 287, 288.)
Exoccetus rufipinnis Cuv. & Val. (G. vi, 294.)
(§ Exocetus scylla Cope.)
Exoccetus heterurus Rafinesque. (G. vi, 293.)
Exoccetus furecatus Le Sueur. (G. vi, 286.)
Exoccetus nigricans Bennett. (G. vi, 290.)
Exoccetus bahiensis Ranzani. (G. vi, 293, 294. P.)
(Exocetus cyanopterus Cuv. & Val.; vermiculatus Poey ; ? E. albidactylus Gill.)
Family XL.—SYNGNATHIDA.
96. SIPHOSTOMA* Rafinesque.
Siphostoma fistulatum (Peters). (G. viii, 164.)
Siphostoma affine (Giinther). (G. viii, 163.)
Siphostoma cayennense (Sauvage. )
(Bull. Sci. Philom. vi, 176, 1882, Cayenne. )
Siphostoma rousseaui (Kaup). (G. viii, 163.)
Siphostoma jonesi (Giinther. )
(Syngnathus jonest Giinther, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1874, Bermuda.)
Siphostoma pelagicum (Osbeck). (G. viii, 165.)
Siphostoma elucens (Poey). (P.)
Nat. Mus., 1885, 44.
t Several of the species here mentioned are extremely doubtful.
570 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
257. Siphostoma flavirostre (Poey). (P.)
258. Siphostoma picturatum (Poey). (P.)
259. Siphostoma linea (Poey). (P.)
260. Siphostoma marmoreum~ (Poey). (P.)
261. Siphostoma ascendens (Poey). (P.)
262. Siphostoma brachycephalum"“ (Poey). (P.)
263. Siphostoma crinigerum Bean & Dresel.
(Proc. Biol. Soe. Wash., 1884, 99.)
264. Siphostoma zatropis Jordan & Gilbert. (G. viii, 170.)
(? Syngnathus albirostris Kaup.)
97. SYNGNATHUS Linveus (Rafinesque).
(Verophis Ratinesque. )
265. Syngnathus heckeli (Kaup). (G. viii, 192.)
266. Syngnathus martinicensis (Kaup.)
98. DORYRHAMPHUS Kaup.
§ Doryichthys Kaup.
267. Doryrhamphus lineatus Kaup. (G. viii, 183.)
99. HIPPOCAMPUS Linnzus.
268. Hippocampus punctulatus Guichenot. (P.)
269. Hippocampus marginalis Heckel.
(Kaup, Lopbobranchs, 15.)
270. Hippocampus fascicularis Heckel.
(Kaup, Lophobranchs, 15.)
271. Hippocampus stylifer Jordan & Gilbert.
(Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 18¢2, 265.)
Family XLI.—FISTULARIIDA.
100. FISTULARIA Linnzus.
272. Fistularia tabaccaria Linneus. (G. ili, 529. P.)
273. Fistularia serrata Cuvier. (G. iii, 533.)
(Cuvier Rég. Anim.; Giinther, Rept. Shore Fishes, Challenger, 1880, 69.)
Family XLII.—AULOSTOMIDA,
101. AULOSTOMA Lacépéde.
274. Aulostoma maculatum Valenciennes. (G. iii, 536. P.)
(Aulostoma coloratum M. & T.)
275. Aulostoma cinereum Poey. (P.)
* Poey’s name, Syngnathus tenuis, is preoccupied in this genus.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 571
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
Family XLH1I.—MACRORHAMPHOSID i.
102. MACRORHAMPHOSUS Lacépéde.
Macrorhamphosus scolopax (Linneus). (G. iii, 518.)
Family XLIV.—MUGILIDA.
103. MUGIL* Linnzus.
§ Mugil.
Mugil cephalus Linnexus. (G. ili, 417, 420.)
(Mugil albula L.)
Mugil brasiliensis Agassiz. (G. iii, 423. P.)
(Mugil liza Cuv. & Val.; Mugil lebranchus Poey.)
Musil incilis Hancock.
(Hancock. Lond. Quart. Journ. Sci., 1830, 127.)
Mugil gaimardianus (Desmarest) Poey. (P.)
Mugil curemaC. & V. (G. ili, 431. P.)
(Mugil brasiliensis Giinther, not of Agassiz. )
Mugil trichodon Poey. (P.)
104. AGONOSTOMUS Bennett.
Agonostomus microps (Giinther). (G. iii, 462.)
Agonostomus monticola (Bancroft). (G. ili, 464.)
Agonostomus percoides Giinther. (G. ili, 464.)
105. JOTURUS Poey.
Joturus pichardi Poey. (P.)
(Joturus stipes Jordan & Gilbert.)
Family XLV.—ATHERINIDA.
106. ATHERINA Linnzus.
Atherina stipes Miiller & Trosche] (G. iii, 400. P.)
(Atherina laticeps Poey ; Atherina velipana Goode & Bean.)
Atherina microps Poey. (P.)
Atherina harringtonersis Goode.
107. MENIDIA Bonaparte.
Menidia martinica (Cuv. & Val.). (G. viii, 395.)
Menidia brasiliensis (Quov & Gaimard). (G. iii, 404.)
(Atherina macrophthalma Agassiz.)
* For the synonymy of the species of Mugil, see Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus.
, 1884.
292.
293.
294.
295.
296
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
Family XLVI.—SPHYRAINIDAL.
108. SPHYRZNA Bloch.
Sphyrzena picuda Bloch & Schneider. (G. ii, 336. P.)
(Sphyrena barracuda Shaw.)
Sphyreena guachancho Cuv. & Val. (P.)
Sphyreena picudilla Poey. (P.)
Sphyreena sphyreena Linneus. (G. ii, 334.)
Family XLVII.—POLYNEMID.
‘109. POLYNEMUS Linneus.
Polynemus virginicus Linneus. (G.ii, 321. P.)
(Polydactylus plumieri Lacépede. )
Polynemus oligodon Giinther. (G. ii, 322.
110. PENTANEMUS (Artedi) Giinther.
Pentanemus quinguarius (Linnzus). (G. ii, 331.)
Family XLVIII.—ECHENEIDIDA.
ala ba be ECHENEIS Linneus.
Echeneis naucrates Linnus. (G. ii, 382, 384. P.)
(Leptecheneis metallica Poey.)
112. PHTHEIRICHTHYS Gill.
Phtheirichthys lineatus (Menzies). (G. ii, 382. P.)
(Echeneis apicalis Poey ; ? Phtheirichthys sphyrenarum Poey.)
113. REMORA Gill.
Remora remora (Linneus). (G. ii, 378. P.)
(Echeneis postica Poey.)
114. RHOMBOCHIRUS Gill.
Rhombochirus osteochir (Cuy. & Val.). (G. ii, 381. P.)
(Rhombochirus tetrapturorum Poey.)
Family XLIX.—ELACATIDA.
115. BLACATE Cuvier.
Elacate canada (Linneus). (G. ii, 375. P.)
Family L.—TRACHYPTERIDA.
116. TRACHYPTERUS Gonau.
Trachypterus trachyurus Poey. . -(P.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 573
Family LI.—REGALECIDA.
117. REGALECUS Briinnich.
305. Regalecus gladius (Walbaum). (GQ. iii, 308.)
Family LII.—STYLEPHORIDA.
118. STYLEPHORUS Shaw.
306. Stylephorus chordatus Shaw. (G. iii, 306.)
Family LUI.—XIPHIIDA.
119. XIPHIAS Linneus.
307. Xiphias gladius Linneus. (G.ii, 511. P.)
120. TETRAPTURUS Ratfinesque.
308. Tetrapturus albidus Poey. (P.)
309. Tetrapturus amplus Poey. (P.)
121. ISTIOPHORUS Lacépéde.
310. Istiophorus americanus Cuy. & Val. (P.)
Family LIV.—TRICHIURIDA.
122. TRICHIURUS Linneus.
311. Trichiurus lepturus Linneus. (G. ii, 356.)
123. EVOXYMBETOPON Poey.
312. Evoxymetopon teniatus Poey. (P.)
124. NEALOTUS Poey.
31S. Nealotus ophidianus Poey. (P.)
125. GEMPYLUS Cuv. & Val.
314. Gempylus serpens (Solander). (G. ii, 252).
126. THYRSITES Cuv. & Val.
315. Thyrsites niger Poey. (P.)
127. RUVETTUS Cocco.
316. Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco. (G. ii, 351. P.)
( Thyrsites scholaris Poey.)
317. Ruvettus (?) prometheus (Cuv. & Val.). (G.ii, 351. P.)
(Prometheus atlaaticuxs Poey: the generic name Prometheus is preoccupied in
Insects. )
574 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
318
319
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334
128. EPINNULA Poeg.
. Epinnula magistralis Poey. (G. ii, 349.)
Family LV.—SCOMBRID i.
129. SCOMBER Linnezus.
(§ Pneumatophorus Jordan & Gilbert.)
. Scomber colias (Gmelin). (G. ii, 359, 361. P.)
130. AUXIS Cuv. & Val.
Auxis thazard (Lacépeéde). (G. ii, 369.)
131. SCOMBEROMORUS Lacépéde.
(Cybium Cuvier.)
Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch). (G. ii, 372. P.)
Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier). (G. ii, 373. P.)
132. ACANTHOCYBIUM Gill.
Acanthocybium solandri (Civ. & Val.). (G. ii, 373. P.)
(Acanthocybium petus Poey ; Cybium sara Bennett.)
133. ORCYNUS Cuvier.
Orcynus thynnus (Linneus). (G. ii, 362. P.)
Orcynus alalonga (Gmelin). (G. ii, 366. P.)
Orcynus subulatus Poey. (P.)
134. EUTHYNNUS Liitken.
Buthynnus alliteratus (Rafinesque). (G. ii, 364. P.)
(Orcynus thunnina Poey.)
Euthynnus pelamys (Linnwus.) (G. ii, 364. P.)
Family LVI.—CARANGIDAS.
135. DECAPTERUS Bleeker.
Decapterus punctatus (Cuv. & Val.) (G. ii, 426. P.)
Decapterus sancte-helenze (Cuv. & Val). (P.)
Decapterus macarellus (Cuv. & Val). (G.ii, 426. P.)
136. TRACHURUS Rafinesque.
Trachurus picturatus (Bowdich).
(Jordan & Gilbert, * Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1883, 191.)
Trachurus trachurus (Linnzeus).
137. TRACHUROPS Gill.
a
. Trachurops crumenophthalmus (Bloch). (G. ii, 429. P.)
*For the synonymy of all the American species of Carangina, see the paper above
men
tioned.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 575
138. CARANX Lacépéde.
? Hemicaranx Bleeker.
335. Caranx amblyrhynchus. Cuv. & Val. (G. ii, 441. P.)
(Caranx secundus and heteropygus Poey.)
§ Uraspis Bleeker.
336. Caranx ruber (Bloch). (G. ii, 430. P.)
(Caranz iridinus Poey; Caranx blochi Cuv. & Val.)
337. Caranx bartholomei. Cuv. & Val. (P.)
(Caranz cibi Poey.)
338. Caranx dentex Bloch & Schneider.
§ Caranz.
339. Caranx chrysos (Mitchill). (G. ii, 445. P.)
(Paratractus pisquetus Poey.)
340. Caranx latus Agassiz. (G. ii, 449. P.)
(Caranz lepturus Agassiz; Caranx fallax and C. aureus Poey.)
341. Caranx hippos (Linnzus). (G. ii, 448.)
342. Caranx lugubris Poey. (G. ii,432. P.)
(Caranx frontalis Poey ; Caranx ascensionis Cuv. & Val., not of Osbeck.)
343. Caranx ciliaris (Bloch). (G. ii, 454, 455. P.)
(Zeus crinitus Mitchell; Scyris analis Poey ; Zeus gallus Bloch, not of L.)
344. Caranx cubensis (Poey). (P.)
139. VOMER Cuvier.
345. Vomer setipinnis (Mitchill). (G. ii, 459. P.)
346. Vomer dorsalis (Gill) ; (doubtful species). (G. ii, 459, var. B.)
140. SELENE Lacépéde.
347. Selene vomer (Linnus). (G. ii, 458. P.)
141. CHLOROSCOMBRUS Girard.
348. Chloroscombrus chrysurus (Linnus). (G. ii, 460. P.)
142. TRACHINOTUS* Lacépéde.
349. Trachinotus cayennensis Cuv. & Val. (G. viii, 417.)
350. Trachinotus carolinus (Linnzeus). (G. ii, 484.)
351. Trachinotus rhodopus Gill.
(Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 85.)
(Trachinotus carolinus Poe7z.)
352. Trachinotus falcatus (Liunwus). (G.ii, 481. P.)
(Trachinotus rhomboides Bloch; Labrus falcatus L.; ? Gasterosteus ovatus L.)
353. Trachinotus glaucus (Bloch). (G. ii, 483. P.)
143. NAUCRATES Ratinesque.
354. Naucrates ductor (Linneus). (G. ii, 374. P.)
*For synonymy of the species of Trachinotus, see Meek and Goss, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci,
Phila., 1884.
576 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
144. SERIOLA* Cuvier.
355. Seriola zonata carolinensis (Holbrook). (G. ii, 465. P.)
(2? Seriola dubia Poey.)
356. Seriola dumérili Risse. (G. ii, 462.)
356 (bh). Seriola dumérili lalandi (Cuv. & Val.). (G. ii, 463. P.)
(? Seriola gigas Poey.)
357. Seriola proxima Poey. (P.)
358. Seriola coronata Poey. (P.)
359. Seriola semicoronata Poey. (P.)
360. Seriola rivoliana Cuv. & Val. (G. ii, 464. P.)
(Seriolu fa’cata and S. bonariensis Cuy. & Val.: Seriola ligulata Poey.)
361. Seriola fasciata Bloch. (G. ii, 464. P.)
’
145. BLAGATIS Bennett.
(Seriolichthys Bleeker ; Decaptus Poey.)
362. Blagatis pinnulatus (Poey). (G. ii, 468.)
146. OLIGOPLITES Gill.
363. Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider). (G. ii, 475. P.)
( Oligoplites occidentalis Poey.)
364. Oligoplites saliens (Bloch). (G. ii, 475.)
Family LVII.—POMATOMIDA.
147. POMATOMUS Lacépéde.
365. Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnwus). (G. ii, 479. P.)
‘Family LVIIL—NOMEID.
148. NOMEUS Cuvier.
366. Nomeus gronovii (Gmelin). (G. ii, 487. P.)
(Nomeus oryurus Poey.)
Family LIX.—GRAMMICOLEPIDIDA. (7?)
149. GRAMMICOLEBPIS Poey.
367. Grammicolepis brachiusculus Poey. (P.)
Family LX.—STROMATEID A.
150. STROMATEUS Linneus.
§ Rhombus Lacépede.
368. Stromateus paru Linnens. (G. ii, 399.)
(Stromateus alepidotus (L.)
369. Stromateus orbicularis Guichenot.
*-«These species of Seriola are probably reducible to three: S. zonata, S. dumerili,
and S. fasciata, the latter being the youny of S. rivoliana.” (R. L. Green, MSS.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 577
Family LXI.—LAMPRIDID A.
151. LAMPRIS Retzius.
370. Lampris guttatus (Briinnich). (G. ii, 416. P.)
Family LXII.—PSENIDA. (?
152. PSENES Cuv. & Val.
371. Psenes javanicus Cuv. & Val. (G. ii, 494. P.)
372. Psenes regulus Poey. (P.)
153. ANTIGONIA Lowe.
373. Antigonia capros Lowe. (G. ii.)
(Caprophonus aurora Miiller & Troschel.)
Family LXII1.—BRAMID®.
154. BRAMA”* Bloch & Schneider.
374. Brama agassizii Poey. (P.)
375. Brama brevoortii Poey. (P.)
376. Brama saussurii Lunel. (P.)
Family LXIV.—PEMPHERID ®.
155. PEMPHERIS Cuvy. & Val.
377. Pempheris schomburgki Miiller & Troschel. (P.)
(Pempheris miilleri Poey ; not of Klunzinger, a name of later date than that
of Poey.)
378. Pempheris poeyi Bean.
(Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 229.)
Family LX V.—CORYPH 4 NID 2.
156. CORYPHAiINA Linneus.
379. Corypheena hippurus Linneus. (G. ii, 405. P.)
380. Coryphzna equisetis Linnus. (G. ii, 407. P.)
Family LX VI.—BERYCIDA.
157. POLYMIXIA Lowe.
(Dinemus Poey.)
381. Polymixia lowei Giinther. (G.i, 17. P.)
(Dinemus venustus Poey.)
~ These species of Brama are of doubtful value. Possibly all are based upon forms
of ©. raji, but the anal rays in all are said to be fewer than in the latter species.
Proc. N. M., 86——37 : Feb. 9, 1887.
578 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
158. BERYX Cuvier.
382. Beryx decadactylus Cuv. & Val. (G.i, 16. P.)
159. ANOPLOGASTER Giinther.
383. Anoplogaster cornutus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. i, 12.)
Family LX VII.—HOLOCENTRIDAS.
160. HOLOCENTRUS* (Artedi) Bloch.
384. Holocentrus ascensionis (Osbeck). (G. i, 23. P.)
(Holocentrum matajuelo Poey; Holocentrum pentacanthum, longipinne, rufum
and sogo authors. )
385. Holocentrum marianus Cuv. & Val.
(Cuv. & Val. iii, 219.)
386. Holocentrus osculus Poey. (P.)
(? Holocentrum perlatum Poey ; Holocentrum brachypterum Poey.)
387. Holocentrus coruscus Poey. (P.)
388. Holocentrus vexillarius Poey. (P.)
(2? Holocentrum riparium Poey.)
389. Holocentrus productus Poey. (P.)
390. Holocentrus siccifer Cope.
(Cope, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 1870, 465).
391. Holocentrus sancti-pauli Giinther.
(Giinther, Shore Fishes Challenger 1880, 4, St. Paul’s Rocks.)
161. PLECTRYPOPS Gill.
392. Plectrypops retrospinis (Guichenot.)
(Plectrypops prospinosus Poey.)
162. MYRIPRISTIS Cuvier.
393. Myripristis jacobus Cuv. & Val. (G.i, 19. P.)
(Myripristis lychnus Poey ; ? Rhinoberyx chryseus Cope, Trans. Am. Phil Soc.
1370, 464.)
394 Myripristis trachypoma Giinther (G. i, 25. P.)
(Myriopristis fulgens Poey.)
Family LX VUI—CENTROPOMIDA.
163. CENTROPOMUS Lacépéde.
395. Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch). (G.i,79. P.)
(Centropomus appendiculatus Poey. )
396. Centropomus pedimacula Poey. (P.)
(Centropomus medius Giinther.)
eee a eee eee es
* Holocentrum rostratum Poey, probably a valid species, is preoccupied by Holocentrus
rostratus Gronow, also a West Indian species, Several of the species here enu-
merated are very doubtful.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 9579
397.
398.
399.
400.
401i.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
409.
410.
411.
412.
413.
414.
$15.
416.
417.
Centropomus ensifer Poey. (P.)
(Centropomus afinis Steindachner.)
Centropomus pectinatus Poey. (P.)
Centropomus parallelus Poey. (P.)
Family LXIX.—SERRANIDA.
164. CENTROPRISTES Cuvier.
Centropristes atrarius rufus (Cuy. & Val.). (C. & V., ii, 47.)
165. DIPLECTRUM Holbrook.
Diplectrum radiale (Quoy & Gaimard). (G. ii, 83.)
(Centropristis ayresi Steindachner; C. macropoma Gthr.: ? Serranus bivittatus
C. & V.)
Diplectrum formosum (Linnzus). (G. ii,83. P.)
(Centropristis radians Quoy & Gaimard ; Serranus fascicularis Cuy. & Val.)
166. SERRANUS Cuvier.
§ Prionodes Jenyns.
Serranus flavescens Cuv. & Val.
(Cuv. & Val., vi, 506.)
Serranus pheebe (Poey). (G.i, 85. P.)
Serranus brasiliensis (Barneville). (G. i, 85.)
(Centropristis dispilurus Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 99; Centro-
pristis subligarius Cope.)
Serranus tigrinus (Bloch). (G.i, 85. P.)
(Serranus prestigiator Poey.)
Serranus tabacarius (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i, 85. P.)
(Serranus jacome Poey.),
Serranus fusculus (Poey). (P.)
§ Mentiperca Gill.
Serranus luciopercanus (Gill). (G.i, 84. P.)
167. HYPOPLECTRUS* Gill.
Hypoplectrus puella (Cuv. & Val.)@ (G. i, 155. P.)
(? Plectropoma vitulinum Poey.)
Hypoplectrus indigo Poey. (G.i, 166. P.)
(? Hypoplectrus bovinus Poey.)
Hypoplectrus gummigutta Poey. (G.i, 166. P.)
Hypoplectrus guttavarius Pocy. (G.i, 166. P.)
(Plectropoma melanorhinum Guichenot ; Hypoplectrus pinnivarius Poey.)
Hypoplectrus maculiferus Poey. (P.)
Hypoplectrus aberrans Poey. (P.)
Hypoplectrus nigricans Poey. (P.)
Hypoplectrus accensus Poey. (P.)
* Most of the species of Hypoplectrus here mentioned are of very doubtful value,
580 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
418. Hypoplectrus chlorurus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. 1,167. P.)
(2? Hypoplectrus affinis Poey.)
419. Hypoplectrus crocotus Cope.
(Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1870, 466.)
168. GONIOPLECTRUS Gill.
420. Gonioplectrus hispanus (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i, 165. P.)
169. ANTHIAS Bloch.
(Aylopon (Ratinesque) Guichenot. )
421. Anthias martinicensis (Guichenot).
(Aylopon martinicensis Guichenot, Ann. Soc. Linn, Maine et nines 1868, 6.)
170. PARANTHIAS Guichenot.
422. Paranthias furcifer (Cuv. & Val.). (G.1i, 100. P.)
(Brachyrhinus creolus Gill.)
171. MYCTEROPERCA * Gill.
423. Mycteroperca falcata (Poey): (P.)
424. Mycteroperca tigris (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i, 112. P.)
425. Mycteroperca interstitialis (Poey). (P.)
426. Mycteroperca calliura (Poey). (P.)
427. Mycteroperca dimidiata (Poey). (P.)
428. Mycteroperoa microlepis (Goode & Bean).
(Trisotropis microlepis and stomius Goode & Bean, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1879,
141; 1882, 427.)
429. Mycteroperca scirenga (Ratinesque). (G.i, 135, 143.)
430. Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey). (F.)
431. Mycteroperca reticulata (Gill). :
( Trisotropis reticulatus Gili, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1865, 105.)
432. Mycteroperca venenosa (Linnieus). (P.)
432 (b). Mycteroperca venerosa apua (Bloch). (G. i, 145. P.)
172. PROMICROPS Gill.
433. Promicrops itaiara (Lichtenstein). (G. i, 130. P.)
®
173. HPINEPHELUS}| Bloch.
434. Epinephelus nigritus (Holbrook). (P.)
( Centropristes merus Poey.)
435. Epinephelus morio (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i,142. P.)
436. Epinephelus mystacinus (Poey). (G.i,109. P.)
437. Epinephelus striatus (Bloch). (G.i,110. P.)
438. Epinephelus niveatus (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i, 130. P.)
caprnenhetie flavolimbatus Poey.)
*For thesynonymy of “ihe species of iiiwian operca a hee genera Telated to Epine-
phelus, see Jordan & Swain. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 358.
t Serranus angustifrons Steindachner, Verh. Zool. Bot. Gesell. Wien., 1864, 230, from
Cuba, is a species of this genus, perhaps identical with 2. niveatus.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 581
439. Epinephelus drummond-hayi Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, Proce. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1878, 173.)
440. Epinephelus catus (Cuv. & Val.).
(Serranus apua C. & V., notof Bloch. (G.i, 140. P.)
441. Epinephelus adscensionis (Osbeck). (G. i, 142. P.)
_ 174. ALPHESTES Bloch & Schneider.
442. Alphestes afer (Bloch). (G.i, 164. P.)
175. ENNEACENTRUS Gill.
§ Petrometopon Gill.
443. Enneacentrus guttatus (Linneus). (G.i, 124. P.)
443 (b). Enneacentrus guttatus coronatus (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i,124. P.)
* \ Enneacentrus.
454. Enneacentrus teeniops (Cuvy. & Val.). (G. i, 121.)
445. Enneacentrus fulvus (Linnexus). (P.)
445 ()). Enneacentrus fulvus ruber (Bloch & Schneider). (G.i, 120. P.)
445 (c). Enneacentrus fulvus punctatus (Linnus). (P.)
\ Menephorus Poey.
446. Enneacentrus dubius (Poey). (P.)
(? Menephorus punctatus Poey.)
176. DERMATOLEPIS Gill.
447. Dermatolepis inermis (Cnv. & Val.). (Gi, 153. P.)
177. CHORISTISTIUM * Gill.
448. Chorististium rubrum Poey. (P.)
178. LIOPROPOMA * Gill.
449. Liopropoma aberrans Poey.
Family LX X.—RHYPTICID A.
179. RHYPTICUS Cuvier.
§ Rhypticus.
450. Rhypticus nigromaculatus Steindachner.
(Iehth. Notiz. vi, 42.)
451. Rhypticus saponaceus (Bloch & Schneider). (G. i, 172.)
( Eleutheractis coriaceus Cope.)
452. Rhypticus arenatus Cuv. & Val.
(Goines Steindachner, Ichth. Notiz., vi, 42.)
§ Promicropterus Gill.
453. Rhypticus bistrispinus (Mitchill). (G. i, 173.)
(Rhypticus maculatus Holbrook ; Rhyplicus pituitosus Goode & Bean.)
“These genera, perhaps, do not belong to the Serranide.
582 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
Family LX XI.—PRIACANTHIDA.
180. PRIACANTHUS Cuvier.
454. Priacanthus catalufa Poey. (G.i, 215. P.)
455. Priacanthus arenatus Cuv. & Val.
(Cuv. & Val. iii, 101.)
456. Priacanthus cepedianus Desmarest. (P.)
457. Priacanthus cruentatus Lacépéde. (P.)
181. PSEUDOPRIACANTHUS Bleeker.
458. Pseudopriacanthus altus (Gill). (P.)
Family LX XIJ.—LOBOTID As.
182. LOBOTES Cuvier.
459. Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch). (G. i, 337. P.)
Family LX XIJ.—GRAMMID8.
183. GRAMMA Poey.
460. Gramma loreto Poey. (P.)
Family LX XIV.—SPARIDA.
184. LUTJANUS* Bloch.
461. Lutjanus caxis (Bloch & Schneider). (P.)
(Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 435.)
462. Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Schneider). (P.)
(Jordan & Swain I. c., 437.)
463. Lutjanus griseus (Linnzus). (G.i, 194.)
464. Lutjanus cyanopterus (Cuv. & Val.). (P.)
(Lutjanus cubera Poey ; (Genyoroge canina Steindachner, Ichth. Notizen. ix, 16,
1869 ; ? Mesoorion pargus C. & V.).
465. Lutjanus profundus Poey. (G.i, 198. P.)
466. Lutjanus buccanella (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i,198. P.)
467. Lutjanus brachypterus Cope.
(Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soe., 1871, 470; hybrid?)
465. Lutjanus synagris (Linneus). (G.i,202. P.)
469. Lutjanus ambiguus Poey. (P). (hybrid?)
470. Lutjanus mahogoni (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i, 203. P.)
*For the synonymy of the species of Lutjanus and related genera, see Jordan &
Swain, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1584, 427.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 5883
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
4893.
484.
435.
486.
487.
438.
489.
Lutjanus aya (Bloch). (P.)
(Mesoprion vivanus C. & V. Lutjanus campechianus Poey.)
Lutjanus analis (Cuv. & Val.). (G. i, 209. P.)
Lutjanus lutjanoides Poey. (P). (hybrid?)
185. OCYURUS Gill.
Ocyurus chrysurus (Bloch). (G.i, 186. P.)
186. RHOMBOPLITES Gill.
Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i,207. P.)
187. APSILUS Cuv. & Val.
Apsilus dentatus Guichenot. (G.i, 188. P.)
188. APRION Cuv. & Val.
Aprion macrophthalmus (Miiller & Troschel). (P.)
(Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, 467.)
189. ETELIS Cuy. & Val.
Btelis oculatus (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i, 192. P.)
190. VERILUS Poey.
Verilus sordidus Poey. (P.)
191. DEANTEX Cuvier.
Dentex macronemus Giinther. (G. i, 380.)
(Dentex filamentosus C. & V., not of Valenciennes nor of Riippell.}
192. CONODON Cuv. & Val.
Conodon nobilis (Linnzeus). (G. i, 304, 297.)
193. ORTHOPRISTIS Girard.
Orthopristis chrysopterus (Linnzeus). (G.i, 301. P.)
(Orthopristis poeyi Scudder.
Orthopristis bennetti (Lowe). (G. i, 298.)
(? Pristipoma ronchus Vil.)
194. POMADASYS Lacépéde.
Pomadasys cultrifer (Poey). (P.)
(? Pomadasys approximans Bean & Dresel.)
Pomadasys productus (Poey). (P.)
Pomadasys ramosus (Poey). (P.)
Pomadasys viridensis (C.& V.).
Pomadasys crocro (C.&V.). (G. i, 296.)
Pomadasys boucardi (Steindachner).
584 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
195. ANISOTREMUS Giil.
490. Anisotremus serrula (Cuv. & Val.;. (G.i, 287. P.)
(? Pristipoma auratum C. & V.).
491. Anisotremus bilineatus (Cuv. & Vai.). (G.i, 287. P.)
(? Anisotremus trilineatus Poey; Pristipoma melanopterum Cuv. & Val.)
492. Anisotremus surinamensis (Bloch). (G. i, 288.)
493. Anisotremus obtusus (Poey). (P.)
(Hemulon labridum Poey.)
494. Anisotremus virginicus (Linnzus). (G. i, 288.)
(2? Anisotremus spleniatus Poey. )
196. GENYATREMUS Gill.
495. Genyatremus cavifrons (Cuv. & Val.). (G. i, 286.)
197. HAMULON* Cuvier.
§ Hemulon.
496. Hzemulon gibbosum (Walbaum). (G. i, 311. P.)
497. Hzmulon bonariense Cuv. & Val. (G. i, 311. P.)
(Hemulon continuum Poey.)
498. Hemulon parra (Desmarest). (G. i, 310. P.)
(Hoamulon acutum Poey.)
499. Hzemulon fremebundum Goode & Bean.
( Diabasis lateralis Vaillant.)
500. Hzemulon macrostoma Giinther. (G. i, 289).
501. Hemuloncarbonarium Poey. (P.)
502. Hzemulon melanurum (Linneeus). (P.)
(Heamulon dorsale Poey.)
503. Hemulon sciurus (Shaw). (G. i, 306. P.)
(? Hemulon hians Haly.)
504. Hzemulon plumieri (Lacépéde). (G. i, 305. P.)
505. Hzmulon flavolineatum (Desmarest). (G. i, 312. P.)
§ Brachygenys Scudder.
506. Hemulon chrysargyreum Giinther. (G. i, 314. P.)
(Hemulon teniatum Poey.)
§ Bathystoma Scudder.
507. Hemulon rimator Jordan & Swain. (G. i, 313. P.)
(? Perca striata L.)
508. Hzmulon aurolineatum Cuy. & Val. (G. i, 318. P.)
(Hemulon jeniguano Poey.)
509. Hemulon quadrilineatum Cuv. & Val. (G.i, 316. P.)
(? Grammistes trivittatus Bloch & Schneider.)
198. CALAMUSt Swainson.
510. Calamus medius Poey. (P.)
* Por an account of the species of Hamulon see Jordan & Swain, Proce. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 1884, 221.
tSee Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus, 1834, 14.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 585
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
518.
519.
520.
521.
522.
523.
524.
525.
526.
Calamus macrops Poey. (P.)
Calamus penna (Cuv. & Val.)
(Calamus milneri Goode & Bean; ? Calamus microps Guichenot; ? Grammateus
humilis Poey.)
Calamus bajonado (Bloch & Schneider). (P.)
(Calamus plumatula Guichenot. )
Calamus calamus (Cuy. & Val.). (P.)
(Calamus orbitarius Poey.)
Calamus proridens Jordan & Gilbert. (P.)
(Jordan & Gilbert, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1884, 15, 150.)
Calamus pennatula Guichenot. (Guichenot, Revue des Pagels, 116.)
199. SPARUS Linneus.
§ Pagellus Cuv. & Val.
Sparus mormyrus Linnezus. (G. i, 481.)
(Pagellus pernambucensis C. & V.)
200. DIPLODUS™* Rafinesque.
(Sargus Cuvier).
Diplodus argeiiteus (Cuv. & Val.). (P.)
(Sargus caudimacula Poey.)
Diplodus sargus (Gmelin). (G. i, 440.)
(Sargus rondeletii C. & V.)
201. ARCHOSARGUS Gill.
Archosargus probatocephalus aries (Cuy. & Val.). (G. i, 449.)
Archosargus unimaculatus (Bloch). (G. i, 446. P.)
(Sargus caribeus Poey; Sargus flavolineatus Cuv. & Val.).
Archosargus tridens (Poey). (P.)
202. LAGODON Holbrook.
Lagodon rhomboides (Linneus). (G. i,447. P.)
203. BOOPS Cuvier.
(Box Cuy. & Val.)
Boops carabaicus (Giinther). (G. i, 419.)
; 204. ERYTHRICHTHYS Temminck & Schlegel.
(Inermia Poey.)
Erythrichthys vittatus (Poey). (P.)
Family LXXV.—KYPHOSIDA.
205. KYPHOSUS Lacépede.
(Pimelepterus Lacépede.)
Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnzus). (G.i,497. P.)
(Pinelepterus bosqui Lacépéde; ? Pimelepterus flavolineatus Poey..
* Diplodus capensis Smith has been recorded from the Bermudas by Dr. Giinther.
This needs verification.
586 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
Family LXXVIL—CHEILODIPTERIDA.
206. AMIA Gronow.
(Apogon Lacépede=Monoprion Poey.)
§ Amia.
527. Amia imberbis (Linn:eus). (G. i, 230.)
528. Amia maculata Poey. (P.)
529. Amia binotata Poey. (P.)
530. Amia pigmentaria Poey. (P.)
531. Amia stellata Cope. (Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1866, 400.)
§ Apogonichthys Bleeker.
532. Amia puncticulata (Poey). (P.)
207. ~AMIICHTHYS* Poey, genus novum.
533. Amiichthys diapterus Poey. (P.)
208. CHEILODIPTERUS Lacépéde.
534. Cheilodipterus affinis Poey. (P.)
209. SPHYRAINOPS Gill.
535. Sphyrznops bairdianus Poey. (P.)
210. SCOMBROPS Temminck & Schlegel.
(Latebrus Poey.)
536. Scombrops oculatus (Poey). (P.)
Family LX XVII.—MULLIDA.
211. UPENEUS Cuvier.
537. Upeneus martinicus Cuv. & Val. (G. i, 403.)
( Upeneus balteatus C. & V.=Upeneus flavovittatus Poey.)
538. Upeneus maculatus (Bloch). (G.i. 408. P.)
( Upeneus punctatus Cuv. & Val.)
212. UPENEOIDES Bleeker.
539. Upeneoides parvus Poey. (P.)
Family LX XVII!.—SC{AZ NIDA.
213. HQUES Bloch.
§ Lques.
540. Eques lanceolatus (Gmelin). (G.ii, 279. P.)
541. Eques punctatus Bloch. (G. ii, 281. P.)
* Amiichthys Poey, MSS., genus novum, for the fish described with the specific name
of diapterus in the Synopsis Pisce. Cub., p. 305. It is regarded by Poey as belonging
to the Cheilodipterida.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 587
542. Eques pulcher Steindachner.
(Ichth. Notizen, vi, 43.)
§ Pareques Gill.
543. Eques acuminatus Bloch & Schneider. (G. ii, 280. P.)
214. ODONTOSCION Gill.
544. Odontoscion dentex (Cuv. & Val.). (G. ii, 269. P.)
215. LARIMUS Cuvier & Valenciennes.
(Monosira Poey; Amblyscion Gill.)
545. Larimus breviceps Cuv. & Val.. (G. ii, 268.)
546. Larimus stahli (Poey).
(Monosira stahli Poey, Anales de Hist. Nat. Esp., 1881, 326.)
547. Larimus batabanus (Poey). (P.)
216. SCIZANA Linnezus.
§ Diplolepis * Steindachner.
548. Sciceena surinamensis (Bieeker).
(Arch. Néerl. Sci. Exact. et Nat., viii, 458.)
549. Sciena magdalene (Steindachner).
(Zur Fisch-Fauna des Magdalenen-Stromes, 1878, 6.)
550. Scizena monacantha (Cope).
(Corvina monacantha Cope, Trans, Am. Phil. Soc., 1866, 402.)
§ Bairdiella Gill.
551. Scieena ronchus (Cuy. & Val.). (G.i, 299.)
552. Scicena armata (Gill).
(Corvina acutirostris Steindachner, Zur Fisch-Fanna des Magdalenen-Stromes,
1878, 9.)
553. Scizna subezqualis (Poey). (P.)
§ Stelliferus Stark. t
554. Scizena microps (Steindachner). (G. ii, 299.)
(Steindachner, Ich. Notiz., i, 6.) :
(Corvina stellifera Giinther. )
555. Scicena stellifera (Bloch).
(Corvina trispinosa C. & V.; Bodianus stellifer Bloch.)
(Steindachner, Ich. Notiz., i, 6.)
217. PACHYPOPS Gill.
556. Pachypops trifilis (Miiller & Troschel). (G.i, 273.)
557. Pachypops furcreeus (Lucépede).
(Steindachner, Ichth. Beitr., viii, 12.)
(Corvina biloba Cuv. & Val.)
* Sciena rubella Schomburgk: Corvina grunniens Schomburgk (Fish. Guiana, ii, 133,
136), are doubtful species of the group from rivers of Guiana. Still another species,
allied to Sciana, has been described by Dr. Gill as ‘‘Plagioscion,” without specific
name.
tIt is possible that Diplolepis, Bairdiella and Stelliferus are valid genera, but their
characters, if any exist, have not been pointed out.
558.
559.
560.
561.
562.
563.
564.
565.
566.
567.
568.
569.
570.
LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
218. LEIOSTOMUS Lacépede.
Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépede. (G. i, 288.)
219. MICROPOGON Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Micropogon fournieri (Desmarest). (P.)
(Jordan, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1824, 36-)
220. UMBRINA Cuvier.
Umbrina broussonneti Cnvy. & Val. (G.i, 279.)
(Umbrina coroides Cuv. & Val.)
221. MENTICIRRUS Gill.
Menticirrus arenatus (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i, 276.)
Menticirrus martinicensis (Cuv. & Val.). (G.i, 277.)
(Umbrina gracilis Cuv. & Val.)
222. NEBRIS Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Nebris microps Cuv. & Val. (G. ii, 316.)
223. LONCHURUS Bloch & Schneider.
Lonchurus lanceolatus (Bloch). (G. i, 517.)
(? Lonchurus depressus Bloch & Schneider.)
224. CYNOSCION Gill.
Cynoscion obliquatum (Sauvage). (Bull. Sci. Philom. iii, 209, 1879. Mar-
tinique. )
Cynoscion acoupa (Lacépéde). (G. ii, 309.)
(Lutjanus cayennensis Lac.: Otolithus toéroe C. & V.: Apseudobranchus toéroe
Gill.)
Cynoscion leiarchus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. ii, 308.)
Cynoscion virescens (Cuv. & Val.).,
( Otolithus virescens Cuv. & Val., v, 72.)
Cynoscion microlepidotum (Cuv. & Val.). (G.ii, 311.)
225. ANCYLODON Cuv. & Val.
Ancylodon ancylodon (Bloch & Schneider). (G, ii, 311.)
(Ancylodon jaculidens C. & V.)
226. ISOPISTHUS Gill.
571. Isopisthus parvipinnis (Cuv. & Val.). (G. ii, 312.)
Family LXXIX.—POLYCENTRID&.
227. POLYCENTRUS Miiller & Troschel.
572. Polycentrus tricolor Gill. (G. ili, 371.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 59
Family LX XX.—GERRID.
228. GERRES * Cuvier.
\ Gerres.
573. Gerres plumieri Cuv. & Val. (G. iv, 253. P.)
574. Gerres brasilianus Cuv. & Val. (P.)
(Gerres patao Poey.)
§ Moharra Poey.
575. Gerres olisthostoma Goode & Bean.
(Goode & Bean, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1882, 423.)
576. Gerres rhombeus Cuv. & Val.
(Evermann & Meek, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1883, 123.)
§ Diapterus Ranzani.
577. Gerres cinereus (Walbaum). (G. iv, 254. P.)
(Gerres aprion Cuy. & Val.: Gerres zebra Miiller & Troschel.)
578. Gerres gula Cuv. & Val. (G. iv, 255. P.)
(Eucinostomus gulula Poey.)
579. Gerres gracilis (Gill). (G:. iv, 255.)
(Evermann & Meek, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila.. 1883, 118.)
580. Gerres dowi (Gill.)
(Evermann & Meek, 1. c. 120.)
581. Gerres pseudogula (Poey). (P.)
(Gerres jonesi Giinther. )
582. Gerres lefroyi (Goode). P.
(Eucinostomus productus Poey; Diapterus lefroyi Goode, Am. Journ. Sci.
Arts, 1874, 123.)
Family LXXXI.—LABRIDAS.
229. LACHNOLAIMUS Cuvier & Valenciennes.
’ 583. Lachnolaimus maximus (Walbaum). (G. iv, 87. P.)
(Lachnolemus falcatus, suillus, etc., of authors.)
230. BODIANUS Bloch.
(Harpe Lacépéede ; Cossyphus Cuvier.)
584. Bodianus rufus (Linneus). (G.iv, 108. P.)
585. Bodianus pulchellus Poey. (G. iv, 108. P.)
231. DECODON Giinther.
586. Decodon puellaris (Poey). (G.iv, 101. P.)
232. CLEPTICUS Cuvier.
587. Clepticus genizara Cuvier. (G. iv, 112. P.)
*For the synonymy of the species of Gerres, see papers by Evermann & Meek in
Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. for 1883 and 1885.
590 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
233. PLATYGLOSSUS* Bleeker.
§ Cherojulis Gill.
588. Platyglossus radiatus (Linneus). (G. iv, 161. P.)
589. Platyglossus dimidiatus (Agassiz). (G. iv, 164. P.)
590. Platyglossus garnoti (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iv, 162,163. P.)
591. Platyglossus bivittatus (Bloch). (G. iv, 164. P.)
592. Platyglossus maculipinna (Miiller & Troschel). (G. iv, 165. P.)
593. Platyglossus caudalis (Poey). (G. iv, 166. P.)
234. THALASSOMA Swainson.
594. Thalassoma bifasciatum (Bloch). (G. iv, 186. P.)
(Julis gillianus Poey; Julis detersor Cuv. & Val.)
595. Thalassoma nitidum (Giinther). (G. iv, 190.)
(? Julis nitidissima Goode.)
235. XYRICHTHYS Cuvier.
596. Xyrichthys psittacus (Linueus). (P.)
(Coryphena lineata Gmelin ; Xyrichthys vermiculatus Poey.)
597. Xyrichthys venustus Poey. (G. iv, 171.)
(Xyrichthys lineatus C. & V.)
598. Xyrichthys martinicensis (Cuy. & Val.). (G. iv, 171.)
(Xyrichthys vitta C. & V.)
599. Xyrichthys modestus Poey. (P.)
236. DORATONOTUS Giinther.
600. Doratonotus megalepis Ginther. (G. iv, 124.)
(? Doratonotus thalassinus Jordan & Gilbert. )
237. CRYPTOTOMUS Cope.t
(Callyodon Cuvier: not of Bloch & Schneider nor of Gronow.)
601. Cryptotomus dentiens (Poey). (P.)
(? Calliodon retractus Poey.)
602. Cryptotomus usius (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iv, 214.)
603. Cryptotomus auropunctatus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iv, 214.)
604. Cryptotomus roseus Cope.
(Cope Traus. Am. Phil. Soc., 1871, 462.)
605. Cryptotomus beryllinus Jordan & Swain.
(Jordan & Swain, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1884, 101.)
238. CALL YODONTICHTHYS Bleeker.
606. Callyodontichthys bleekeri Steindachner.
(Steindachner. Ichthyol. Mittheil, v, 1862; Callyodon flavescens C. & V., not
Scarus flavescens Bloch & Schneider. )
*For a review of the species of this genus, see Jordan & Hughes, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1886.
tFor an account of some of the Scearoid fishes, see Jordan & Swain, Proc. U.S.
Nat. Mus., 1884, 81.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 591
239. SPARISOMA* Swainson.
(Scarus Bleeker; not of Gronow, nor of Forskal.)
607. Sparisoma radians (Cuy. & Val.). (G. iv, 211.)
608. Sparisoma xystrodon Jordan & Swain.
(Jordan & Swain 1. c. 99.)
609. Sparisoma hoplomystax (Cope.)
(Scarus hoplomystax Cope, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., 1871, 462.)
610. Sparisoma lacrimosum (Poey). (P.)
611. Sparisoma atomarium (Poey). (P.)
612. Sparisoma abildgaardi (Bloch). (G. iv, 209. P.)
(Scarus oxybrachius Poey.)
613. Sparisoma aurofrenatum (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iv, 212. P.)
(Scarus miniofrenatus Poey.)
614. Sparisoma lorito Jordan & Swain.
(Jordan & Swain, |. ¢. 95.)
615. Sparisoma chrysopterus (Bloch & Schneider). (G. iv, 12. P.)
(Scarus lateralis Poey.)
. 616. Sparisoma distinctum (Poey). (G.iv, 210.)
(Scarus frondosus Giinther, not C. & V.)
617. Sparisoma brachiale (Poey.)
618. Sparisoma circumnotatum (Poey). (P.)
619. Sparisoma emarginatum (Poey). (P.)
620. Sparisoma flavescens (Bloch & Schneider). (G. iv, 211, 212. P.)
(Scarus squalidus Poey ; ? Scarus truncatus Poey ; Scarus rubripinnis C. & V.;
? Scarus virens C. & V.; Scarus frondosus Cuv.)
621. Sparisoma aracanga (Giinther). (G. iv, 209.)
(Scarus aracanga Giinther. )
622. Sparisoma viride Bonnaterre. (G. iv, 210. P.)
(Scarus viridis Bonnaterre, 1788, not of Bloch 1790; Scarus catesbai Lacépede. )
240. CALLIODON Gronow.
(Scarus Forskal, not of Gronow, which is Labrus L.)
(Hemistoma Swainson; Pseudoscarus Bleeker. )
623. Calliodon punctulatus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iv, 226. P.)
(? Scarus diadema Cuv. & Val.)
624. Calliodon tzniopterus (Desmarest). (G. iv, 225. P.)
( Pseudoscarus psittacus Giinther, not psittacus L., nor of Forskal; Scarus vir-
ginalis Jordan & Swain.)
625. Calliodon vetula (Bloch & Schneider). (G. iv, 218. P.)
(Scarus superbus Poey.)
626. Calliodon flavomarginatus (Cuv. & Val.). (C.& V., xiv, 202.)
627. Calliodon croicensis (Bloch). (G. iv, 226. P.)
( Pseudoscarus sancte-crucis and Ps. lineolatus Poey.)
628. Calliodon cceruleus (Bloch). (G. iv, 227. P.)
(Scarus obtusus and nuchalis Poey.)
*Scarus spinidens Guichenot, Scaridés 15, is a species of Sparisoma, but the name is
preoccupied by Quoy & Gaimard.
592 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
629. Calliodon quadrispinosus (Cuv. & Val.). (C. & V., xiv, 197.)
630. Calliodon pleianus (Poey).
(Scarus guacamaia C: & V., not of Cuvier.)
631. Calliodon trispinosus (Cuv. & Val.). (Cuv. & Val., xiv, 182.)
682. Calliodon guacamaia (Cuvier). (G. iv, 233. P.)
(Scarus turchesius Cuyv. & Val.)
633. Calliodon ceclestinus (Cuy. & Val.). (P.)
(Cuv. & Val., xiv, 180.)
634. Calliodon simplex (Poey). (P.)
(2? Pseudoscarus aracanga Giinther. )
635. Calliodon rostratus (Poey). (P.)
636. Calliodon acutus (Poey). (P.) ’
(? Scarus gnathodus Poey.)
Family LXXXI1.—CICHLIDZ.
241. ASTRONOTUS* Swainson.
§
637. Astronotus pulcher (Gill). (G. iv, 280.)
§ Cichlasoma Swainson.
638. Astronotus bimaculatus (Linnzus). (G. iv, 276.)
639. Astronotus tetracanthus (Cuv. & Val.) (G. iv, 282. P.)
(Chromis fuscomaculatus Guichenot. )
640. Astronotus adspersus (Giinther). (G. iv, 282.)
242. CRENICICHLA Heckel.
641. Crenicichla frenata Gill. (G. iv, 308.)
Family LX XXIII.—POMACENTRIDA.
243. POMACENTRUS Lacépéde.
642. Pomacentrus fuscus Cuy. & Val. (G. iv, 31.)
643. Pomacentrus rectifrenumGl. (G. iv, 26.)
(Young of P. fuscus?)
644. Pcmacentrus leucostictus Miiller & Troschel. (G. iv, 31.)
645. Pomacentrus obscuratus Poey. (P.)
(Young of P. atrocyaneus ?)
646. Pomacentrus atrocyaneus Poey. (P.)
(? Pomacentrus analis Poey.)
647. Pomacentrus otophorus Poey. (G. iv, 32. P.)
648. Pomacentrus xanthurus Poey. (G. iv, 32. P.)
649. Pomacentrus caudalis Poey. (P.)
650. Pomacentrus dorsopunicans Poey. (P.)
651. Pomacentrus partitus Poey. (P.)
652. Pomacentrus niveatus Poey. (P.)
653. Pomacentrus planifrons Cuyv. & Val. (G. iv, 33.)
* Astronotus Swainson=Hygrogonus Giinther—Acara (Heckel) Gill. According to
Steindachner this group should be united with Heros, Acara, and Uaru, in a single
genus.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 593
654.
655.
656.
657.
658.
659.
660.
661.
663.
664.
665.
666.
667.
668.
669.
670.
671.
244. GLYPHIDODON Lacépéde.
Glyphidodon saxatilis (Linneus). (G. iv, 35. P.)
Glyphidodon rudis Poey. (G. iv, 37. P.)
Glyphidodon taurus Miiller & Troschel. (G. iv, 37.)
Glyphidodon declivifrons (Gill). (G. iv, 37, 38.) ©
(Zuschistodus concolor Gill.)
245. MICROSPATHODON Giinther.
Microspathodon chrysurus (Cuv. & Val.). (G.iv, 57. P.)
(Pomacentrus denegatus Poey.)
246. CHROMIS Cuvier.
Chromis insolatus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iv, 61.)
Chromis punctus (Poey). (G. iv, 64. P.)
Chromis cyaneus (Poey). G. iv, 64. P.)
(Heliases multilineata Guichenot in part ; name and coloration from Kyphosus
sectatrinx. }
Family LXXXIV.—EPHIPPID.
247. CHZETODIPTERUS Lacépéede.
. Chztodipterus faber (Broussonet). (G. iv, 61. P.)
Family LXXXV.—CHATODONTID A.
248. CHZAATODON Linneus.
Chetodon ocellatus* Bloch. (G. ii, 9. P.)
(Chetodon bimaculatus Bloch; Sarothrodus maculocinctus Gill.)
Chetodon sedentarius Poey. (G. ii, 20. P.)
(Chetodon gracilis Giinther. )
Chetodon striatus Linnzus. (G.ii, 8. P.)
Chetodon capistratus Linnzus. (G. ii, 12. P.)
Chetodon atzniatus Poey. (P.)
Chetodon aya Jordan.
249. PROGNATHODES Giil.
Prognathodes aculeatus (Poey). (G. iv, 38. P.)
(Chelmo pelta Giinther. )
250. HOLACANTHUS Lacépéde.
Holacanthus ciliaris (Linnzus). (G. ii, 46. P.)
Holacanthus tricolor (Bloch). (G. ii, 49. P.)
* Sarothrodus amplexicollis Poey is the larval (‘‘Tholichthys”’) form of some species
of Chetodon (probably Ch. ocellatus).
Proc. N. M., 86——38 Feb. 11, 1887.
594 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
251. POMACANTHUS Lacépade.
672. Pomacanthus arcuatus (Linnzus). (P.)
(? Chetodon littoricola Poey.)
673. Pomacanthus aureus (Bloch). (P.)
(Liitken, Spolia Atlantica, 571.)
Family LXXXVI.—ACANTHURID&A.
252. ACANTHURUS* Forskal.
(Acronurus Giinther. )
74. Acanthurus cceruleus (Bloch). (G. iii, 336. P.)
(Acanthurus brevis Poey ; Acronurus ceruleatus Poey.)
675. Acanthurus tractus Poey. (P.)
(Acronurus nigriculus Poey.)
676. Acanthurus hepatus (Linneus). (G. ili, 329. P.)
(Acanthurus chirurgus and phlebotomus Cuv. & Val.; Acronurus carneus Poey.)
Family LXXXVII.—MALACANTHIDA.
253. MALACANTHUS Cuvier.
677. Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch). (G. iii, 359. P.)
254. CAULOLATILUS Gill.
678. Caulolatilus chrysops (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 253.)
679. Caulolatilus cyanops (Poey). (P.)
Family LXXXVIII.—GOBIIDA.
255. GOBIOMORUS ¢t Lacépéde.
680. Gobiomorus dormitor (Lacépéde). (G. iii, 119. P.)
681. Gobiomorus longiceps (Giinther).
(Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 151, Nicaragua.)
256. DORMITATOR Gill.
682. Dormitator maculatus (Bloch). (G. iii, 112. P.)
257. GUAVINA Bleeker.
683. Guavina guavina (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 124. P.)
*See Meek and Hoffman, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1884, for the synonymy of the
species of this genus.
+See Eigenmann and Fordice, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1885, for the aa
of the Eleotridine.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 595
684.
685.
686.
687.
688.
689.
690.
691.
692.
693.
694.
695.
696.
697.
698.
258. ELEOTRIS Gronow.
(Culius Bleeker. )
Eleotris amblyopsis (Cope).
(Culius amblyopsis Cope, Proc. Am. Phil. Soe., 1870, 473.)
Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin). (G. iii, 122. P.)
(Eleotris gyrinus Cuyv. & Val.; Culius perniger Cope.)
Hleotris belizana Sauvage.
(Sauvage, Bull. Sci. Philom. Paris, 1879, 16.)
259. BROTELIS Poey.
Erotelis smaragdus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 123., P.)
(Erotelis valenciennesi Poey.)
260. SICYDIUM Cuvier & Valenciennes.
Sicydium plumieri (Bloch). (G. iii, 92. P.)
(Sicydium siragus Poey ; ? Sicydium antillarum Ogilvie-Grant. )
261. EVORTHODUS Gill.
Evorthodus breviceps Gill. (G. iii, 85.)
262. CHONEPHORUS Poey. *
(2 Rhinogobius Gill.)
Chonephorus taiasica (Lichtenstein). (G.iii,159. P.)
(Gobius banana and martinicus C. & V.; Gobius dolichocephalus Cope; Cho-
nephorus bucculentus, and Ch. contractus Poey.)
Chonephorus flavus (Cuv. & Val.).
263. LOPHOGOBIUS Gill.
Lophogobius cyprinoides (Pallas). (G.iii,8. P.)
rs 264. GOBIUS Linneus.
§ Gobius.
Gobius soporator Cuv.& Val. (G.iii,26. P.)
(Gobius mapo and lacertus Poey; Gobius bishopt Miiller & Troschel.)
§ Ctenogobius* Gill.
Gobius poeyi Steindachner.
(Icth. Beitr., vi, 44.)
Gobius fasciatus Gill. (G. iii, 34.)
Gobius kraussi Steindachner.
(Ichth. Beitr., viii., 18.)
§ Luctenogobius Gill.
Gobius strigatus (O’Shaughnessy).
(Euctenogobius strigatus O’Shaugh. Am. Nat. Hist., xv, 146, 1875.
§ Gobileptes Swainson.
Gobius stigmaticus Poey. (P.)
* Gobius brunneus and Gobius lineatus Poey are two species briefly described under
names which are preoccupied.
596 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
699. Gobius lyricus Girard. (P.)
(Smaragdus costalest Poey.)
700. Gobius smaragdus Cuv. & Val. (P.)
(Smaragdus valenciennesi Poey.)
“701. Gobius oceanicus Pallas. (G.iii,50. P.)
(Gobius lanceolatus Bioch.; Gobius bacalaus C. &V.; Gobionellus hastatus Girard.)
265. MICROGOBIUS Poey.
702. Microgobius signatus Poey. (P.)
266. GOBIOSOMA Girard.
703. Gobiosoma multifasciatum Steindachner.
(Ichth. Beitr.,v, 183.)
267. GOBIOIDES Lacépade.
(Amblyopus Cuv. & Val.)
704. Gobioides broussoneti Lacépéde. (G.iii,136. P.)
(Gobius brasiliensis Cuv. & Val.; Gobioides barreto Poey.)
268. CAYENNIA Sauvage.
705. Cayennia guichenoti Sauvage.
(Bull. Sci. Philom., iv, 57, 1880.)
Family LX XXIX.—CALLIONYMIDZ.
269. CALLIONYMUS Linnzus.
706. Callionymus pauciradiatus Gill. (P.)
Family XC.—SCORPAINID A.
270. SCORPZiNA Linnezus.
707. Scorpzna grandicornis Cuv.& Val. (G.ii, 114. P.)
708. Scorpzna plumieri Bloch & Schneider. (G.ii,113. P.)
(Scorpena rascacio Poey.)
709. Scorpena brasiliensis Cuv. & Val. (G. ii, 112.)
(Scorpena stearnsi Goode & Bean.)
710. Scorpena inermis Cuv. & Val. (P.)
(? Scorpena occipitalis Poey ; ? Scorpena calcarata Goode & Bean).
711. Scorpzna castor (Poey).
(? Pontinus pollux Poey.)
Family XCI.—TRIGLIDA.
271. PERISTEDION Lacépéde
712. Peristedion imberbe Poey. (P.)
(Peristethion micronemus Poey.)
713. Peristedion brevirostre Giinther. (G. ii, 217.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM 597
714. Peristedion longispatha Goode & Bean.
(Goode & Bean, Bull. M. C. Z., xii, 166, 1886.)
715. Peristedion platycephalum Goode & Bean.
(Goode & Bean, 1. c., 167.)
272. PRIONOTUS Lacépéde.
716. Prionotus rubio Jordan. (P.)
717. Prionotus punctatus (Bloch). (G. ii, 193.)
273. CHELIDONICHTHYS* Kaup.
718. Chelidonichthys pictipinnis Kaup.
(Archiv f. Nat., 1873, 71; Barbadoes. )
274. CEPHALACANTHUS Lacépéde.
719. Cephalacanthus volitans (Linnzus). (G.ii, 221. P.)
Family XCII]—PLATYCEPHALID A.
275. PLATYCEPHALUS Bloch.
720. Platycephalus angustus t Steindachner.
(Ichth. Notizen., iii, 6.)
Family XCIUL—GOBIESOCID A.
276. GOBIESOX Lacépéde.
§ Gobiesoz.
721. Gobiesox cephalus Lacépéde. (G. ili, 499.)
722. Gobiesox nigripinnis Peters. (G. iii, 502.)
723. Gobiesox virgatulus Jordan & Gilbert. (G. ili, 502.)
(? Gobiesox nudus Giinther, not Cyclopterus nudus L.)
724. Gobiesox cerasinus Cope.
(Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Phila., 1871, 473.)
§ Sicyases Miiller & Troschel.
725. Gobiesox fasciatus Peters. (G. iii, 497.)
726. Gobiesox rupestris (Poey). (P.)
727. Gobiesox rubiginosus (Poey). (P.)
728. Gobiesox punctulatus (Poey). (P.)
729. Gobiesox carneus (Poey). (P.)
Family XCIV.—BATRACHIDZ.
277. BATRACHOIDES Lacépéde.
730. Batrachoides surinamensis (Bloch & Schneider). (G. iii, 174.)
| 278. BATRACHUS Bloch & Schneider.
731. Batrachus tau (Linnzus). (G. 111,167. Ps)
*A doubtful genus, the description of which I have not seen. :
+t Doubtfully American, ‘‘ Angeblich aus Surinam.”
598
732.
733.
734.
735.
736.
737.
738.
739.
740.
741.
742,
743.
LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
279. PORICHTHYS Girard.
Porichthys porosissimus (Cuy. & Val.). (G. ili, 176.)
(Porichthys plectrodon Jordan & Gilbert.)
280. THALASSOPHRYNE Giinther.
Thalassophryne maculosa Giinther. (G. iii, 175.)
Family XCV.—LEPTOSCOPIDA,
281. DACTYLOSCOPUS Gill.
Dactyloscopus poeyi Gill. (P.)
Dactyloscopus tridigitatus Gill. (G. iii, 279.)
Family XGVI.—URANOSCOPIDA.
282. URANOSCOPUS Linnezus.
Uranoscopus occidentalis Agassiz. (G. iii, 227.)
283. UPSILONPHORUS Gill.
Upsilonphorus y-greecum (Cuv. & Val.). (G. ili, 229.)
Family XCVIIl.—OPISTHOGNATHIDA,
284. OPISTHOGNATHUS Cuv. & Val.
Opisthognathus macrognatha Poey. (G. ii, 255. P.)
(Opisthognathus megasioma Giinther; ? O. scaphiura Goode & Bean.)
285. GNATHYPOPS* Gill.
Gnathypops mazxillosus (Poey.) (P.)
Gnathypops macrops (Poey.) (P.)
286. LONCHOPISTHUS Gill.
Lonchopisthus micrognathus (Poey.) (P.)
Family XCVIII.—BLENNIIDA.
287. CHAENOPSIS Gill.
Cheenopsis ocellatus Poey. (P.)
288. OPHIOBLENNIUS Gill.
(Blennophis Val.; preoccupied. )
Ophioblennius webbi (Valenciennes). (G, iii, 259.)
*Itis perhaps possible that the species referred to Gnathypops are the females of
Opisthognathus, as suggested by Poey (Enumeratio, 133.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 599
289. BLENNIUS Linneus.
744. Blennius crinitus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 224.)
290. SCARTELLA Jordan.
745. Scartella microstoma (Poey). (P.)
746. Scartella marmorea (Poey). (P.)
747. Scartella vincta (Poey). (P.)
748. Scartella truncata (Poey). (P.)
291. RUPISCARTES Swainson.
(Entomacrodus Gill.)
749. Rupiscartes atlanticus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 242.)
750. Rupiscartes nigricans (Gill). (G. ili, 254.)
751.. Rupiscartes margaritaceus (Poey). (P.)
752. Rupiscartes decoratus (Poey). (P.)
292. SALARIICHTHYS Guichenot.
753. Salariichthys textilis (Quoy & Gaimard). (G. iii, 248.)
(Salarias vomerinus Cuv. & Val.)
293. MYXODES Cuvier.
754. Myxodes macropus Poey. (P.)
755. Myxodes versicolor Poey. (P.)
756. Myxodes lugubris Poey. (P.)
757. Myxodes varius Poey. (P.)
294. GOBIOCLINUS Gill.
758. Gobioclinus gobio (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 267.)
295. LABRISOMUS Swainson.
759. Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy & Gaimard). (G. iii, 262, P.)
760. Labrisomus herminier (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 264.).
761. Labrisomus microlepedotus Poey. (P.)
762. Labrisomus ocellatus (Steindachner.) (Ichth. Beitr., v, 182.)
763. Labrisomus buccifer Poey. (P.)
(Z. biguttatus Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1871, 473.)
764, Labrisomus delalandi (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 264.)
765. Labrisomus gilli (Steindachner). (Ichth. Notiz., vi, 46.)
(? Clinus bimaculatus Steind. Ichth. Beitr., v, 180.)
296. CREMNOBATES Giinther.
766. Cremnobates marmoratus Steindachner. (Ichth. Beitr., v, 175 )
767. Cremnobates affinis Steindachner. (Ichth. Beitr., v, 175.)
768. Cremnobates fasciatus Steindachner. (Ichth. Beitr. v. 176.)
769. Cremnobates nigripinnis (Steindachner.*)
(Clinus nigripinnis Ichth. Notiz., vi, 45, 1867.)
* Clinus nigripinnis Steindachner, from Barbadoes, is a Cremnobates and certainly very
close to C. fasciatus, but it seems to have rather larger scales (Lat. 1. 33.).
if pe
772.
773.
774.
775.
776.
777.
778.
779.
780.
781.
782.
783.
784.
LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
Family XCIX.—FIERASFERID Zi.
297. PIERASFER Cuvier.
. Fierasfer dubius Putnam. (P.)
(Putnam, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.; Carapus? afiinis Poey, 1874, 344.)
298. LEFROYIA Jones.
Lefroyia bermudensis Jones.
(Jones, Zoologist, 1874, 338: Bermuda.)
Family C.—OPHIDIIDA.
299. OPHIDION Linnzus.
Ophidion graéllsi Poey. (P.)
(? Ophidium marginatum De Kay.)
Ophidion brevibarbe (Cuvier). (G.iv, 379.)
300. LEPTOPHIDIUM Gill.
Leptophidium profundorum Gill. (Gill, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1863, 211.)
Family C1.—BROTULIDA.
301. LUCIFUGA Poey.
Lucifuga subterranea Poey. (P.)
302. STYGICOLA Gill.
Stygicola dentata (Poey). (P.)
303. BROTULA Cuvier.
Brotula barbata (Bloch & Schneider). (G. iv,371. P.)
304. BARATHRONUS Goode & Bean.
Barathronus bicolor Goode & Bean. Goode & Bean,].c., 1886, 164.
305. NEOBYTHITES Goode & Bean.
Neobythites gilli Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885.
601.)
Neobythites robustus Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, Bull. M. C. Z., xii,
1886, 161.)
Neobythites marginatus Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, 1. c., 1886, 162.)
306. POROGADUS Goode & Bean.
Porogadus miles Goode & Bean. (L. c., 1885, 602.)
307. BATHYONUS Goode & Bean.
(Bathynectes Giinther, preoccupied. )
Bathyonus catena Goode & Bean. (L. ¢., 1885, 603.)
Bathyonus pectoralis Goode & Bean. (L. c., 1885, 604.)
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 601
. 785.
786.
788.
789.
790.
aoe.
792.
793.
794.
795.
796.
797.
798.
799.
800.
sol.
308. APHYONUS Giinther.
Aphyonus mollis Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, 1. c., 1886, 163.)
Family CIil.—GADIDZ.
309. PHYSICULUS Kaup.
Physiculus kaupi Poey. (P.)
310 BREGMACEROS Thompson.
Bregmaceros atlanticus Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, |. c., 1886, 165.)
Family CIIl.—MACRURIDA.
311. BATH YGADUS Giinther.
Bathygadus cavernosus Goode & Bean. (L. c., 1885, 598.)
Bathygadus macrops Goode & Bean. (L.c., 1885, 598.)
Bathygadus longifilis Goode & Bean. (L. c., 1885, 599.)
Bathygadus arcuatus Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, Bull. M. C. Z., xii,
158, 1886.
Bathygadus favosus Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, Bull. M. C. Z., xii, 158,
1886.)
312. MACRURUS Bloch.
Macrurus caribbzus Goode & Bean. (L. ¢., 1885, 594.)
Macrurus occa Goode & Bean. (L. c., 1885, 595.)
313. CORYPHA:NOIDES Gunner.
Coryphznoides sulcatus Goode & Bean. (L. c., 1885, 596.)
314. MALACOCEPHALUS Giinther.
Malacocephalus occidentalis Goode & Bean. (L. c¢., 1885, 597.)
Family CLIV.—PLEURONECTIDS.
315. PLATOPHRYS Swainson.
(Rhomboidichthys Bleeker.)
Platophrys lunatus (Linnezus). (G. iv, 433. P.)
Platophrys ellipticus (Poey). (G. iv, 434. P.)
Platophrys maculifer (Poey). (P.)
Platophrys ocellatus (Agassiz.) (G. iv, 433. P.)
Platophrys spinosus (Poey). (P.)
602
802.
80s.
804.
805.
806.
807.
808.
809.
810.
sll.
812.
813.
814.
815.
816.
817.
LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
316. ARAMACA Jordan & Goss.
Aramaca papillosa (Linnzus).
(? Citharichthys ocellatus Poey. ? Hemirhombus aramaca* Giinther iv, 422.)
Aramaca solezformis (Agassiz). (G. iv, 422.)
317. HEMIRHOMBUS Bleeker.
Hemirhombus ethalion (Jordan). (Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1886.)
Hemirhombus fimbriatus Goode & Bean. (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 591.)
318. CITHARICHTHYS Bleeker.
Citharichthys spilopterus Giinther. (G. iv, 421. P.)
(Hemirhombus fuscus Poey.)
Citharichthys cayennensis Bleeker. (Comptes Rendus Ac. Sci. Amst., 1862.)
Citharichthys guatemalensis Bleeker. (Nederl. Tydskr. Dierk., 1864—’73.)
Citharichthys ventralis Goode & Bean. (Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1885, 592.)
Citharichthys dinoceros Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, Bull. M.C. Z., xii,
157, 186.)
319. ETROPUS Jordan & Gilbert.
Etropus rimosus Goode’& Bean. (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1885, 593.)
320. PARALICHTHYS Girard.
Paralichthys brasiliensis (Ranzani). (G. iv, 429.)
(Pseudorhombus vorax Giinther. ) ;
321. MONOLENE Goode.
Monolene atrimana Goode & Bean. (Bull. M.C. Z., 1866, xii, 155.)
322. ACHIRUS Lacépéde.
§ Baiostoma Bean.
Achirus inscriptus (Gosse). (G.iv, 473. P.)
(Monochir reticulatus Poey.)
Achirus maculipinnis (Agassiz). (G. iv, 473.)
Achirus gronovii (Giinther). (G. iv, 477.)
§ Achirus.
Achirus achirus (Linnzus). (G. iv, 477.)
(Solea browni Gthr.; ? Pleuronectes apoda Mitchill; ? Pleuronectes lineatus L.)
*The Aramaca of Marcgrave, which is the sole basis of Pleuronectes aramaca Wal-
baum, of Pleuronectes macrolepidotus Bloch, of Rhombus aramaca Cuvier and of Pleu-
ronectes papillosus Linnzus, can be no known species other than the present. Mare-
grave’s species is of course an Aramaca, having the form of a sole. It is represented
as having the eyes wide apart, the left pectoral produced, the mouth very large, the
body oblong, and the coloration stone-like (sand-color) on the left side and white on
the eyed side.
tee
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 603
818.
819,
820.
821.
822.
823.
824.
825.
826.
827.
828.
829.
830.
831.
832.
833.
834.
323. APIONICHTHYS Kaup.
Apionichthys unicolor (Giinther). (G. iv, 489.)
(Soleotalpa unicolor Giinther. )
Apionichthys nebulosus Peters. (Peters, Berl. Monalster., 1869, 709; Suri-
nam.) s
324. APHORISTIA Kaup.
Aphoristia plagiusa (Linnzus). (G. iv, 490. P.)
Aphoristia diomedeana Goode & Bean. (Goode & Bean, Proc. U.S. Nat.
Mus., 1885, 589.)
Aphoristia pusilla Goode & Bean. (L. ¢., 1885, 592.)
Aphoristia pigra Goode & Bean. (Bull. M. C. Z., 1886, xii, 154.)
Aphoristia marginata Goode & Bean. (Bull. M. C. Z., 1886, xii, 153.)
Family CV.—ANTENNARIIDZ.
325..PTHROPHRYNOIDES Gill.
Pterophrynoides histrio (Linnzus). (G. iii, 185. P.)
(Antennarius marmoratus Giinther. )
326. ANTENNARIUS Lacépéde.
Antennarius scaber Cuvier. (G. iii, 188.)
(Antennarius histrio Giinther. )
Antennarius ocellatus (Bloch & Schneider). (G. iii, 196.)
(Antennarius pleurophthalmus Gill.)
Antennarius multiocellatus (Cuv. & Val.). (G. iii, 194.)
(? Antennarius annulatus Gill.)
Antennarius tigris Poey. (G. iii, 189. P.)
Antennarius inops Poey. m
(Poey, Anales Hist. Nat. Exp. 1881, 340. Porto Rico.)
Antennarius corallinus Poey. (P.)
Antennarius tenebrosus Poey. (G. iii, 197. P.)
Family oviApavontpa.
327. MALTHH Cuvier.
Malthe vespertilio (Linnzus). (G. iii, 200. P.)
328. HALIBUTICHTHYS Poey.
Halieutichthys aculeatus (Mitchill). (P.)
(Halieutichthys reticulatus Poey.)
604 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
Family CVII.—OSTRACIID A.*
329. OSTRACION Linneus.
835. Ostracion tricorne Linnzus. (G. viii, 258. P.)
(Ostracion quadricornis lL. ; Acanthostracion polygMius Poey.)
836. Ostracion trigonum Linnzus. (G. viii, 256. P.)
(? Lactophrys undulatus Poey; Ostracium expansum Cope.)
837. Ostracion bicaudale Linneus. (G. viii, 257. P.)
838. Ostracion triquetrum Linneus. (G. viii, 256. P.)
Family CVII.—TRIACANTHIDA.
330. HOLLARDIA Poey.
839. Hollardia hollardi Poey. (G. viii, 209. P.)
Family CIX.—BALISTIDA.
331. BALISTES Linneus.
§ Balistes.
840. Balistes vetula Linneus. (G. viii, 215. P.)
841. Balistes carolinensis Gmelin. (G. viii, 217. P.)
(Balistes capriscus Gmelin; Balistes teniopterus and B. nebulosus Poey.)
842. Balistes moribundus Cope. (Cope, Trans. Am. Philos, Soc., 1871, 478.)
332. CANTHIDERMIS Swainson.
843. Canthidermis longus (Gronow). (P. ?G. viii, 214.)
(Balistes macrops Poey ; ? ? Balistes maculatus Bloch, )
844. Canthidermis sufflamen (Mitchill). (P.)
(? Balistes sobaco Poey.) ,
845. Canthidermis melanopterus (Cope). (Cope,Trans. Am. Philos, Soc.,1871,478.)
846. Canthidermis asperrimus (Cope). (Cope, 1.c., 478.)
333. XANTHICHTHYS Kaup.
847. Xanthichthys ringens (Linneus). (G. viii, 221. P.)
(Xanthichthys cicatricosus Poey.)
334. MELICHTHYS Swainson.
848. Melichthys piceus (Poey). (G. viii, 227. P.)
(? Balistes buniva Lacépeéde. )
335. MONACANTHUS Cuvier.
§ Cantherines Swainson.
849. Monacanthus stratus Poey. (P.)
850. Monocanthus parraianus Poey. (P.)
* For synonomy, see Goode, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1879, 261.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 605
851. Monacanthus pullus Ranzani. (G. viii, 230, pt. P.)
852. Monacanthus macrocerus Hollard. (Ann. Sci. Nat., 1854,ii, 237.)
853. Monacanthus irroratus Poey. (P.)
(? Monacanthus punctatus Poey.)
§ Monacanthus.
854. Monacanthus oppositus Poey. (P.)
855. Monacanthus ciliatus Mitchill. (G. viii, 237.)
(Monacanthus occidentalis Giinther ; Monacanthus pira-aca Kner. ; Monacanthus
davidsoni Cope.)
856. Monacanthus hispidus L. (G. viii, 239. P.)
(Monacanthus setifer Poey.)
857. Monacanthus spilonotus Cope. (Cope, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1871, 476.)
858. Monacanthus amphioxys Cope. (Cope, ]1.c., 477.)
336. ALUTERA Cuvier.
859. Alutera scripta (Osbeck). (G. viii, 252. P.)
(Alutera picturata Poey. )
860. Alutera monoceros (Osbeck). (G. viii, 251. P.)
(Alutera giintheriana Poey.)
861. Alutera punctata Agassiz. (G. viii, 254.)
Family CX.—TETRAODONTIDZ.
337. LAGOCEPHALUS Swainson.
862. Lagcephalus levigatus (Linneus). (G. viii, 274. P.)
(? Tetrodon lineolatus Poey.)
338. SPHZGROIDES Lacépéde.
. (Cirrhisomus Swainson ; Cheilichthys Miiller. )
863. Spheroides pachygaster (Miiller & Troschel). (G. viii, 287.)
864. Sphreroides testudineus (Linnzus). (G. viii, 282. P.)
( Tetrodon punctatus Poey.)
865. Spheroides spengleri (Bloch). (G. viii, 284. P.)
(Tetrodon nephelus Goode & Bean; Tetrodon turgidus Poey, not of Mitchill.)
339. COLOMESUS Gill.
866. Colomesus psittacus (Bloch). (G. viii, 236.)
340. CANTHIGASTER Swamson.
867. Canthigasterrostratus (Bloch). (G. viii, 303.)
(Letrodon ornatus Poey. <Anchisomus caudacinctus Richardson. )
606 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
Family CXI.—DIODONTID Zi.
341. DIODON Linnezus.
868. Diodon hystrix Linnzus.
(Diodon atinga Bloch, not of L. ; ? Diodon holacanthus Linneus = Diodon spi-
nosissimnus Cuvier = Diodon maculatus Giinther. )
869. Diodon maculifer Kaup. (G. viii, 309.)
342. CHILOMYCTERUS (Bibron) Kaup.
870. Chilomycterus scheepfi (Walbaum). (G. viii, 310.)
(Chilomycterus geometricus Authors, not Diodon geometricus Bloch & Schneider.)
871. Chilomycterus spinosus (Linneus). (G. viii, 311, var. P.)
(Cyclichthys cornutus Kaup. Chilomycterus orbitosus Poey.)
872. Chilomycterus antennatus (Cuvier) (G. viii, 311. P.)
(Chilomycterus puncticulatus Poey.)
873. Chilomycterus reticulatus (Linneus). (G. viii, 313.)
Family CXII.—ORTHAGORISCIDA.
343. RANZANIA Nardo.
874. Ranzania truncata (Retz). (G. viii, 319.)
344. MOLA Cuvier.
875. Mola mola (Linneus). (G. viii, 317. P.)
SUPPLEMENTARY LIST.
To the foregoing list we may confidently add the following species,
obtained from the Florida Keys and from the *“‘ Snapper” Banks off
Pensacolaand Tampa. Allof them are essentially members of the West
Indian Fauna, although, as yet, none of them have been noted from any
locality south of the Tropic of Cancer:
CLUPHIDZ.
Dussumieria stolifera Jordan & Gilbert.
MURANID&.
Sidera nigromarginata (Girard).
OPHISURIDZ.
Letharchus Goode & Bean.
Letharchus velifer Goode & Bean.
Callechelys Guichenot.
Callechelys murena Jordan.
Callechelys scuticaris (Goode & Bean).
Callechelys teres (Goode & Bean).
Callechelys bascanium Jordan.
\
|
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 607
CONGRIDZ.
Myrophis egmontis Jordan.
Conger caudicula Bean.
Neoconger Girard.
Neoconger mucronatus Girard.
MUGILIDZA.
Querimana Jordan & Gilbert.
Querimana gyrans Jordan & Gilbert.
ATHERINID&.
Atherina area Jordan & Gilbert.
BRAMIDZ (?).
Steinegeria Jordan & Evermann.
Steinegeria rubescens Jordan & Evermann.
SERRANIDZ.
Centropristis ocyurus Jordan & Evermann.
Hypoplectrus gemma Goode & Bean.
Pronotogrammus Gill.
Pronotogrammus vivanus (Jordan & Swain).
SPARIDZ.
Calamus arctifrons Goode & Bean.
Stenotomus Gill.
Stenotomus caprinus Goode & Bean.
Sparus pagrus Linneus.
CHEILODIPTERIDA.
Amia aluta (Jordan & Gilbert).
MULLIDZ.
Mullus Linneus.
Mullus surmuletus auratus Jordan & Gilbert.
LABRIDZ.
Xyrichthys rosipes Jordan & Gilbert.
Doratonotus thalassinus Jordan & Gilbert.
Sparisoma cyanolene Jordan & Swain.
Calliodon bollmani Jordan & Evermann.
Calliodon evermanni Jordan.
POMACENTRIDA. .
Chromis enchrysurus Jordan & Gilbert.
MALACANTHIDZ.
Caulolatilus microps Good & Bean.
608 LIST OF FISHES OF WEST INDIES.
GOBIIDZ.
Gobiosoma ceuthecum Jordan & Gilbert.
Ioglossus Bean.
Toglossus calliurus Bean.
TRIGLIDZ.
Prionotus roseus Jordan & Evermann.
Prionotus stearnsi Jordan & Swain.
Prionotus ophryas Jordan & Swain.
URANOSCOPIDZ.
Astroscopus Gill.
Astroscopus anoplos (C. & V.)
OPISTHOGNATHIDZ,
Opisthognathus scaphiura Goode & Bean.
Opisthognathus lonchura Jordan & Gilbert.
Gnathypops mystacinus Jordan.
BLENNIIDZ.
Blennius asterias Goode & Bean.
Blennius favosus Goode & Bean.
Blennius stearnsi Jordan & Gilbert.
Emblemaria Jordan & Gilbert.
Emblemaria nivipes Jordan & Gilbert.
Cremnobates nox Jordan & Gilbert.
Stathmonotus Bean.
Stathmonotus hemphilli Bean.
OPHIDIIDZ.
Ophidion beani Jordan.
Otophidium Gill.
Otophidium omostigma (Jordan & Gilbert).
GADIDZ.
Phycis Bloch & Schneider.
Phycis floridanus Bean.
PLEURONECTIDZ.
Aramaca petula (Bean).
Platophrys nebularis Jordan & Gilbert.
Etropus crossotus Jordan & Gilbert.
Achirus comifer Jordan & Gilbert.
Achirus brachialis Bean.
INDIANA UNIVERSITY,
October 6, 1886.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 609
A CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF GRENADA, WEST INDIES, WITH
OBSERVATIONS THEREON.
By JOHN GRANT WELLS, of Grenada.
[EDITED BY GEORGE N. LAWRENCE. ]
For the past three years Mr. Wells has been sending me specimens
of birds from Grenada, through the Smithsonian Institution, to have
them identified. His object in so doing was that he might give as com-
plete a catalogue as possible of the birds inhabiting and frequenting
that island. He has enumerated ninety-two species, two of which re-
quire identification for want of specimens.
Mr. Wells enumerates thirty-eight species more than are given by
Mr. Ober in his catalogue of the birds of Grenada. He procured all
the species obtained or seen by Mr. Ober, and four he had not identi-
fied have been determined.
Of most of the species he has given very full and interesting notes
of their habits.
Mr. Wells has proved himself to be a most diligent collector and care-
ful investigator, the result being, besides the greatly increased number
of birds added to the fauna of Grenada, the discovery of three species
new to science and of eleven species not before noted from the Lesser
Antilles.
Most of the species given in this catalogue have been liberally pre-
sented by Mr. Wells to the U. S. National Museum at Washington.
OCTOBER, 1886.
Family TURDID A.
1. Turdus nigrirostris Lawr. Mountain Grieve; Thrush.
é Length, 94 inches; expanse, 154 inches; wing, 5 inches.
2 Length, 9 inches; expanse, 15 inches; wing, 4% inches.
This bird is exclusively confined to the deep woods, preferring the
dark valleys along the mountain streams, and may always be found on
the “ figeur” trees, on the berries of which it feeds. It is rather a shy
bird, and immediately makes off with a ‘“cluck, cluck,” on the ap-
proach of any one. Its note may be heard morning and evening, and
has been compared to these words: ‘ John Pierre oh—John Pierre oh—
mi yes, mi yes, mi yes,” with a stress on ‘“ Pierre,” the last three words
rather fast.
The nest is generally placed in the fork of a tree with dark foliage,
and composed outwardly of dried roots and ferns, the shell of mud,
and lined with finer roots. The eggs are three in number, of a pale green,
speckled and blotched with reddish brown, the spots confluent at the
large end. They measure 1.68 inches by .84 inch and 1.20 inches by .82
inch.
Proc. N. M., 86-——39 Feb. 11, 1887.
610 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
2.Turdus gymnopthalmus Cab. Yellow-eye Grieve; Thrush.
é Length, 94 inches; expanse, 154 inches; wing, 5 inches.
Abundant everywhere from the coast to the borders of the mountains,
frequenting the cocoa fields and mango trees; feeds on “ figeur” and
other wild berries; also frequently seen on the ground scratching
amongst the dead leaves for insects and larve; hence itis often caught
in springs set for the “Pedrix.” It has several notes very melodious,
and also an alarm note or ‘“cluck.”
Its nest is generally placed in the fork of the cocoa (Theobroma),
rather a rude and bulky structure, composed of dry roots and mud, with
no soft lining for the eggs, which are three in number, of a pale green,
thickly spotted with brown. They measure 1.06 inches by .80 inch, 1.16
inches by .80 inch, and 1.12 inches by .82 inch.
|I described the Grenada bird (Ann. N. Y. Acad. of Sci., Vol. I, p. 160)
under the name of Turdus carribeus. It is considered by Messrs.
Sclater and Seebohm not to differ from TZ. gymnopthalmus. I have
three specimens of gymnopthalmus, one of them presented to me by
Mr. Seebohm. These are smaller in all their dimensions than the bird
from Grenada, which has a perceptibly smaller bill; the feathers of the
tail are broader and darker in color; the under wing-coverts are of a
lighter pale salmon, and the inner margins of the quills are more cine-
reous, are less tinged with salmon color, and the upper plumage is
slightly darker in color than in my specimens of gymnopthalmus.
I will endeavor to get more specimens from Grenada, to see if these
differences are constant.—G. N. L.]
3, Mimus gilvus Vieill. Mocking Bird; Pied Carreau.
é Length, 10 inches; expanse, 133 inches; wing, 44 inches; tail, 4
inches.
2 Length, 9 inches; expanse, 125 inches; wing, 4 inches.
Very numerous, though seldom seen in the mountains. It delights in
the neglected pastures overgrown with “black sage,” on the red berries
of which it feeds, and several dozens may be seen at a time perched near
to each other, alternately trilling forth most delightful music and de-
vouring berries. On moonlight nights its note is heard at intervals of an
hour; hence its being called by some anightingale. It is found also on
all the little rocky islands on the coast. The nest is a platform of dry
sticks, with a round saucer-like depression in the middle, lined with
fine roots and sometimes with horse-hair. The eggs vary exceedingly
both in color and marking. They are sometimes of a pale blue and
sometimes of a dull green, with spots, blotches, or rings of brown. It is
seldom that two sets or clutches are found alike, and the three eggs in
each set are usually different. For example, a set before me: One of
them is rather long and with specks so faint that at a little distance it
appears to be of a uniform pale blue; another is rather shorter, greenish,
and thickly blotched with brown; and the third is thick at one end and
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. O11
pointed at the other, pale bluish green, with a ring of brown spots
round the blunt end. They measure 1.06 inches by .74 inch, 1.08 inches
by .68 inch, and 1.12 inches by .78 inch.
Family TROGLODYTIDA.
4. Thryothorus grenadensis Lawr. Wren; God Bird.
é Length, 5 inches ; expanse, 74 inches ; wing, 24 inches.
Active, fussy, noisy, yet pleasant withal, this little bird is found in
the house, the sugar-works, or the woods, and though all other birds are
shot, robbed, or stoned, the ‘‘ Oiseau Bon-Dieu” is never molested, and
seems to appreciate its immunity from the ‘ills that affect” its feath-
ered brethren.
Its favorite spot for a nest is on the “plate” of a house, but it chooses
many curious spots, such as a hole in a cliff, an old calabash, a hat hung
up in a room, &c. In the chimney of tbe distillery at Mirebeau Estate
there is now awren’s nest (February 3, 1882). Ina crack inthe masonry
about 1 inch wide the bird enters to the nest, which is built on the pro-
jecting bricks inside. It kept going inand out, feeding its young, whilst
there was a roaring fire in the distillery and smoke rushing up the
chimney.
The nest is generally composed of fine dried roots and grapes, and
lined with a thick coat of feathers. The eggs are four and sometimes five
in number, of a dirty white, thickly sprinkled with bright reddish-brown
specks. They measure .70 invh by .54 inch and .68 inch by .54 inch.
Family MNIOTILTID.
5. Dendroica petechia (Linn.). Yellow Bird.
é Length, 44 inches ; expanse, 74 inches; wing, 23 inches.
Not numerous ; very shy; frequents the mangrove trees near to the
swamps on windward side of the island.
6. Seiurus nevius (Bodd.). Water Thrush.
2 Length, 6 inches; expanse, 9 inches; wing, 34 inches; tail, 13
inches.
Not numerous; rather shy; seldom more than two seen together ; fre-
quents the mangrove swamps and outlets of streams.
7. Setophaga ruticilla (Linn.). Redstart.
Family VIREONIDAL.
8. Vireosylvia calidris, var. dominicana, Lawr. Bastard Grieve.
? Length, 6 inches ; expanse, 10 inches; wing, 34 inches.
é Length, 6 inches; expanse, 94 inches; wing, 3} inches.
Pretty well distributed all over the island is this sprightly little bird.
I have found it in the forests that surround the Grand Etang, 2,000 feet
612 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
above the sea, and among the manchioneel trees on the beach at Isle de
Rhonde. It is very fond of a small green berry the fruit of a creeping
parasite which spreads over the tops of high trees, and also feeds on
small crickets and other insects.
The nest is pensile, something like a deep teacup in shape; the walls
are compactly formed of flat grasses and fine tendrils. Eggs three in
number, white, with afew scattered dark-brown spots, sometimes forming
aring round the larger end. They measure .86 inch. by .60 inch, .88
inch by .60 inch, and .92 inch by .60 inch.
Family HIRUNDINID.
9. Progne dominicensis (Gm.). Purple Swallow. ;
é Length, 74 inches; expanse, 15 inches; wing, 54 inches.
2 Benet. 8 inches; expanse, 153 inches; wing, 6 inches.
Though preferring the vicinity of the sea-coast, these birds are often
seen in large flocks skimming over the country districts. One morning
after a shower of rain a large number were disporting around a large
mango tree at my place (which is three miles from the coast), and I shot
seven of them. They are fond of perching on the dry branches of the
silk-cotton trees, clustered thickly together, during the middle of the
day.
They make their nests in holes in the inaccessible cliffs of Soubise
Island; also at the “‘ Morne de Sauteurs” and like places along the coast.
I have hitherto been unable to procure their eggs.
10. Hirundo erythrogastra, Bodd. Rufous-belly Swallow.
Migrant. Large flocks appear in August and remain until March.
They frequent the open pastures near the sea-shore, and may be
observed skimming along the ground and occasionally alighting on a
dry tree or shrub.
Family CG@AREBID A.
11. Certhiola atrata Lawr. Black See-see.
$ Length, 43 inches; expanse, 73 inches; wing, 2} inches.
Found everywhere except in the “high woods;” rather abundant
along the roadsides; very fond of the flowers of the “ moreugu” tree,
amongst which it may be seen inserting its little bill with a quiet, busi-
ness-like air, sometimes hanging head downwards to reach a choice
blossom; have observed a waxy substance adhering to the ridge of
the upper mandible, probably collected from the flowers, and some-
times the head is covered with pollen, giving the bird a strange appear-
ance. It also feeds on fruit, particularly bananas.
The nest is a domed structure, with a round opening at the side,
composed generally of fine grasses, but sometimes intermixed with
cotton, placed on a small shrub about 18 inches from the ground, or
is86.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 613
pendent among the liannes 20 feet high and swinging with the brezee,
and also in the razor-grass tufts. They nest all the year round. The
eggs are three, and are of a dull white, with spots of purplish brown,
generally thicker at the blunt end.
12. Certhiola saccharina Lawr. Sucrier; Yellow See-see.
? Length, 4 inches; expanse, 7 inches; wing, 23 inches.
The most brilliant in plumage of our birds (excepting the humming
birds), though, strange to say, it is not found in the island of Grenada
itself, but in all the islands on the coast northwards. It is abundant
at Isle de Rhonde and Carriacou. Habits very similar to that of the
black species above described.
The nest and eggs are not to be distinguished from that of C. atrata.
I once observed a nest on a bracket to the spouting of a house in the
town of Hillsboro’, Carriacou.
Family TANAGRIDA.
13. Buphonia flavifrons (Sparrm.). Yellow Bird.
Not numerous ; rather shy; frequents the tops of high trees covered
with a creeping vine, on the seeds of which it feeds ; nesting habits not
determined.
14. Calliste versicolor Lawr. Sour-sop Bird.
é Length, 6 inches; expanse, 9 inches; wing, 3 inches; tail, 2inches.
? Length, 6 inches; expanse, 9 inches ; wing, 3} inches; tail, 2 inches.
This is a strong, robust bird, rather plentifully distributed all over
the island. As its name implies, it is very partial to the fruit of the
sour-sop, but feeds also on all kinds of fruit. It is very pugnacious
when put in a cage along with other birds. I have seen one peck a hole
in the head of a ¢ JL. noctis within five minutes after being put together
in a ca ip Tt frequents the fruit-trees near the houses, and often nests
in them. If robs the nests of other birds most unmercifully of materials
for building ‘ts own.
The nest is generally placed in a forked branch, about 6 to 8 feet from
the ground. Itis round, with a deep cup-like depression, composed out-
wardly of flat leaves and fronds and lined with fine hairy roots and
tendrils. The eggs are two, of a dull bluish white, plentifully spotted
and blotched with brown and drab spots. They measure .90 inch by
.62 inch and .90 inch by .64 ineh.
{Soon after my description of this species Mr. Sclater considered it
not to differ from Calliste cucullata, Sw. His decision was accepted as
correct, and it has been so noted by several writers.
In a revision of the Family Tanagridz (Cat. of the Birds of the Brit.
Museum, Vol. XI, p. 113) he restores it to specific rank, and remarks:
“At one time Mr. Salvin and I were inclined to believe that this
614 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
species was the same as C. cucullata, Sw. (cf. Ibis, 1879, p. 357), and
that there might have been some error in the statement that Swainson’s
species came from Venezuela.”—G. N. L.]
Family FRINGILLID As.
15. Loxigilla noctis (Linn.). Red-throat See-see.
$ Length, 53 inches; expanse, 8 inches; wing, 24 inches; tail, 1¢
inches.
2 Length, 5 inches; expanse, 8 inches; wing, 122 inches; tail, 1?
inches.
Almost as familiar as the wren are this black fellow and his brown
mate; plentifully distributed all over the island; feeds on fruit of all
kinds; roosts in large numbers in the mango trees, also in churches and
other large buildings. The Holy Innocents’ Chapel is a favorite resort of
these birds, where they nest in the ridge. A nest [ procured from Saint
Cyr House was built on the ledge above a window; very like a wren’s
in shape; no attempt at a dome. When they build in trees the nest is
rather a large domed structure, with a round opening at the side, com-
posed of fine dried leaves and stems, the bottom compactly formed and
lined with soft grass. The eggs, three in number, are of a dirty white,
speckled all over with reddish brown; sometimes the spots are con-
fluent at the blunt ends. They measure .80 inch by .60 inch, one clutch;
another measures .82 inch by .56 inch.
16. Spermophila gutturalis (Licht.). White-beak See-see.
é Length, 44 inches; expanse, 7 inches; wing, 2 inches.
When the Guinea-grass fields are in seed numbers of these birds
may be found feeding there morning and evening, flitting from one
flower-stem to the ether, which, bending down with their weight nearly
to the ground, enables them to reach the bunch of seed at the end,
which they soon pick clean. They are very shy, especially during the
nesting period, and I have been baffled in identifying their nest. They
build in the clumps of grass.
[This species is new to the West Indies. Hxamples from Panama and
Bahia are rather larger, but there is no perceptible difference in plu-
mage.—G. N. L.]
17. Euethia bicolor (Linn.). Sev-see Zerbe; Black-face Seed-eater.
$ Length, 45 inches; expanse, 64 inches; wing, 24 inches.
$ Length, 44 inches; expanse, 63 inches; wing, 2 inches. .
This is an exceedingly common species; is found everywhere except
in the mountains; feeds almost exclusively on the seeds of grasses. In
the Guinea-grass field smali flocks of six to ten may often be seen. They
perch on the flower-stem, which bends down with their weight and
enables them to pick off the seeds. When flying from one tuft of grass
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 6154
to another they utter a note resembling “ tsip, tsip.”. They build a
domed nest, generally composed of fine roots and lined with soft dry
grass (rather a bulky structure for such a small bird), placed in asmall
shrub or among the roots on a bank overhanging the road. The eggs
are three and occasionally four in number, of a dull white, with several
reddish-brown spots, confluent at the blunt end. They measure .59 inch
by .48 inch.
18. Volatinia jacarina (Linpv.). Blue-black Grass See-see,
$ Length, 43 inches; expanse, 64 inches; wing, 2 inches.
Rather shy; frequents pastures and Guinea-grass fields, on the seeds
of which it feeds, running along under the grass and picking up the
fallen seeds. Is fond of perching on a small dry shrub and springing
into the air several times, uttering a prolonged “ chur-r,” always alight-
ing on the same spot again. Found a nest in April at Hope Estate, in
a pasture near the sea. The nest was placed in a tuft of grass about 6
inches off the ground, in shape like the bottom of a teacup, composed
entirely of very fine dried roots, with no lining, 3 inches in diameter at
top and Linch deep. The eggs are two, of a dirty white, with thick brown
spots at the large end and scattered spots of the same color over the
rest of the egg. They measure .68 inch by .50 inch and .66 inch by .48
inch. The female is brown.
[This species is new to the Lesser Antilles, but is found in Tobago.—
G. N. L.]
Family ICTERID 2.
19. Quiscalus luminosus, Lawr. Blackbird. Merle.
6 Length, 10 inches; expanse, 145 inches; wing, 43 inches.
2 Length, 94 inches; expanse, 13 inches ; wing 44 inches.
The béte noir of the Indian-corn grower and the friend of the stock-
keeper, this bird is well known all over the island, gregarious, noisy,
and quarrelsome, committing havoc among the young corn and exult-
ing over the feast with its cry of ‘“ green-corn-sweet;” frequents cattle-
pens and pastures, where they do excellent service in picking off the
ticks and other vermin which infest the cattle ; a common sight in the
pastures are these birds walking about the backs of the cattle and eling-
ing on to the tail in search of ticks ; the animals seem to enjoy this, and
will not even swish their tails for fear of disturbing their feathered
friends; they feed also on earthworms and insects; have observed them
eat fresh meat; fond of water; during the heat of the day they resort
to the small streams for a bath, and then stretch their wings out to dry;
they generally select a Mango tree for a roosting place, and the noise
made by them when settling down for the night is almost deafening ;
they are heard occasionally during the night, and in the early morning
the noise commences again, before they depart on their foraging expe-
ditions.
616 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
They breed in colonies, several nests on the same tree, the Mango
being a favorite for the purpose; sometimes they select the flower stems
of the Palmiste, and on the little islands they build on the cactus
clumps; the nest is rather a rude cup formed of dry roots and straws
well plastered with cow-dung, in which they lay their eggs, measuring
1.02 inches by .76 inch, 1 inch by .72 inch, 1.10 inches by .74 inch; of a
pale greenish-blue, with beautifui lines, blotches, and spots of purple,
drab and dark brown.
20. Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Linn.). Bobolink; Reed Bird.
é Length, 74 inches; expanse, 12 inches; wing, 33 inches.
This bird was shot on the eastern side of the island; it is quite new
to me; it is one of five seen; they had evidently but just arrived and
were feeding on grass-seeds; two of them were shot. No doubt it will
prove to be a well-known species, but it is quite new toGrenada. [This
species has not been observed before in the Lesser Antilles.—G. N. L.|
Family TYRANNIDA.
21. Blainea martinica (Linn.). Top-knot Pippiree.
6 Length, 63 inches; expanse, 104 inches; wing, 34 inches.
This active little bird is very familiar, frequenting the vicinity of
houses and the hedges and borders of the woods; it is very quick in
all its motions, darting from branch to branch or at some flying insect
with astonishing rapidity; it is very pugnacious; with crest erect and ®
eyes flashing, it will pounce like a fury on a bird twice its size and in-
flict several thrusts with its sharp little bill. On calm still evenings
severai of these birds may be observed in company with others of the
same family, springing a few feet into the air and returning to their
perches after capturing the winged ants or other insects on which they
feed. The voice of this little bird is the first to be heard in the early
morning from 4.30 to 7 a. m., and has been compared to these words:
‘“‘ Ladies, ladies, ladies. yowre lazy.” During the rest of the day this
note is seldom heard, but occasionally it utters a single prolonged note,
and when joined by its mate it gives out a series of joyful twitterings
which would be difficult to render in words. The nest of this bird is
truly a beautiful structure, recalling the lines-
“Mark it well within, without!
No tool had he that wrought, no knife to cut,
No nail to fix, no bodkin to insert,
No glue to join: his little beak was all;
And yet how neatly finished!”
It is generally placed in the fork of a small branch, and sometimes
‘‘saddled” on alarge limb; the hog-plum tree (spondias) is often selected ;
in shape the nest is like a round shallow cup, measuring about 3
inches in diameter and 1 inch deep; it is composed outwardly of skel-
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 617
eton leaves and fine hairy substance, interwoven with cobwebs and
cotton, or the soft down from the corkwood tree, and lined with very
fine tendrils and feathers; the eggs are two in number and vary much
in shape and markings; the general color is a very pale buff, with a
scarcely perceptible pink tinge when fresh; round the blunt end is a
circle of spots of brown, purple, and reddish-brown, with occasional
scattered spots on the body of the egg; they measure .80 inch by .64
inch; in a few instances the spots may be found more or less confluent
at the sharp end.
22. Myiarchus oberi (Lawr.). Pippiree gros-téte.
@ Length, 9 inches; expanse, 124 inches; wing, 4 inches; tail, 34
inches.
This is rather a foolish bird, not abundant, found in the mountains
and also in the vicinity of dwellings, estates, buildings, &c.; feeds on
winged insects; is fond of remaining for several minutes perched on a
dry shrub or twig and uttering at intervals its call-note, ‘‘pleet, pleet.”
Mr. Ober says this bird is called the “ Sunset-bird” in Dominica, as it
utters at sunset a note resembling “ soleil-coucher”; 1 have studied
this bird particularly, and never heard a note from it that could be ren-
dered thus.
The nest is generally placed in a hole in a tree or in the end of a
bamboo fence; one which I procured on the 15th April, 1882 (from a
bamboo-joint, part of a cattle pen at Balthazar estate), was composed
of cocoanut fiber, human hair, the skin of a snake, horse hair, and bits
of old rag; another from a hole in a Cashew tree was composed of stuff-
ing from an old saddle, and lined with horse hair.
The eggs are three and sometimes four in number, of a light buff
color, thickly scribbled and blotched with purplish-brown; they meas-
ure .96 inch by .70 inch, .88, inch by .72 inch, and .90 ineh by .72 ineh.
23. | Blacicus flaviventris Lawrence. ‘‘Flycatcher? Sp.?”
Upper plumage dark hair-brown, deeper in color on the crown ; tail
colored like the back; quills brownish-black; wing-coverts dark brown,
edged with clear pale rufous ; throat of a dull pale fulvous; breast and
abdomen pale yellow, intermixed with dusky; upper mandible black,
the under clear light yellow; feet black.
In size about the same as B. brunneicapillus; wing, 2.50 inches ; tail,
2.50; tarsus, .50; bill, .50.
‘Shot at Hampden, St. Andrews, Grenada, 16th March, 1880.”
Type in National Museum, Washington.
Remarks: The only species necessary to compare it with is B. brun-
neicapillus from Dominica; it differs from that, in having the abdomen
yellow instead of reddish fulvous and the tail not tipped with fulvous ;
the under mandible is entirely yellow, not whitish with the end dusky
as in brunneicapillus.
618 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
‘The specimen is in poor condition and I think is a young bird, but
probably the adult would not differ materially in plumage.
Mr. Welis has as yet secured only this specimen; he writes about it as
follows:
‘*T send you a very mutilated skin of a small bird which was shot in
a cocoa field at St. Andrews; the ants got at the skin and nearly de-
stroyed it. LIhope, however, that you will be able to identify it. Ionee
saw one of these birds on a tree overhanging the Grand Etang road,
and this is the second I have seen.” —G. N. L.]
24. Tyrannus rostratus (Scl.). ‘‘ Pippiree.”
$ Length, 93 inches; expanse, 15 inches; wing, 42 inches.
? Length, 9? inches; expanse, 14 inches; wing, 43 inches.
On the terminal apex of the palmiste tree, or on some dry or leafless
branch of the hog-plum, this bold and dashing bird may often be seen, on
the lookout for a passing insect, or some hapless hawk or gaulin, which
latter it seems to delight in tormenting, inflicting quick and sharp
strokes with its powerful beak, and uttering after each stroke its shrill ery
“‘pip-pi-ree,” as if in exultation and triumph, whilst its victim flounders
about in its endeavors to escape, with loud cries of pain. The hawk,
when attacked, shows an inclination first to battle with bis foe, by en-
deavoring to get above it, but the pippiree is too “* wide-awake” for
this, and soon compels him to dash down towards the ground or into
some tree with thick foliage. The food of this bird is exclusively flies
and other winged insects, which it takes by darting at them in the air,
turning and twisting about with marvellous ease, whilethe snapping of
its strong bill is heard as it closes over its prey ; it also frequents poncs
and streams, and may be observed skimming over the surface in the
capture of the insects which usually abound in such places. The courage
of this bird in defense of its nest is proverbial; both male and female
will dart at any one climbing the tree on which the nest is built, and
peck him about the face and hands. I have seen a pair of these birds
attack a dog which happened to pass under their nesting tree and make
it howl with pain; pigs ulso seem to be obnoxious to them when they
approach the vicinity of their nests
The hog-plum tree (Spondias) is a favorite resort of this bird for vest-
ing; it builds also in the bread-fruit and in the fronds of the palmiste.
The nest is rather loosely formed of dry tendrils, and occasionally the
midribs of ferns and leaves; there is no soft lining for the eggs, though
the shallow cup in the center is usually of finer materials than the
foundation of the nest; the eggs are three, of a reddish-buff, handsomely
marked with spots and blotches of red-brown and dark gray, the spots
more or less confluent at the blant end; the eggs measure 1.15 by .75
inch, 1.10 by .75 inch.
25. Tyrannus melancholicus Vieill.
Length, 8} inches; expanse, 124 inches; wing, 44 inches.
I send you by book-past a bird which I shot a few days ago. I have
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 619
only once before seen one of the kind, and this one I saw in the same
locality twice before I had the opportunity to secure him, which I suc-
ceeded in doing by borrowing a gun which had a charge of shot big
enough to kill a goat. The bird may prove to be Tyrannus melan-
cholicus.
26. Milvulus tyrannus (Linn.). ‘‘ Fork-tail Flycatcher.”
$ Length, 144 inches; expanse, 13 inches; wing, 45 inches; tail, 94
inches.
? Length, 9 inches; expanse, 132 inches; wing, 44 inches; tail, 24
inches.
This bird is a migrant, and arrives with us about the end of August.
and wings its way to Central America and thereabouts about the mid-
dle of February. It frequents the open pastures near the sea-shore,
and preys on the winged insects which swarm about the swamps and
rain-pools. It may often be seen perched on a dry shrub or twig, from
which it darts among the flocks of plovers or sandpipers which may
happen to pass within its sight, causing them to utter loud notes of
pain from the attacks of its strong and sharp bill. When darting on
its prey or inflicting punishment on some unoffending bird, the long
tail feathers are opened and shut like a pair of shears. Like most of
the Flycatcher family there is on the head of this bird a beautiful crest
of bright crimson and yellow feathers, which is concealed, except when
the bird is excited or in chase of its prey. This bird does not nest on
the island.
[This has not been recorded before from the Lesser Antilles, which is
surprising, as it is so conspicuous a bird and seems not to be rare in
Grenada.—G. N. L.]
Family TROCHILID A.
27. Glaucis hirsutus (Gm.). Brown Humming Bird; Doctor Bird.
2 Length, 54 inches; expanse, 64 inches; wing, 2? inches.
Numerous in the mountains and in the cocoa fields ; feeds chiefly on
insects, which it takes on the wing as well as fom blossoms. Nest
usually found hanging to a strip from the under side of a ballisier leaf.
It is loosely formed of fine crisp tendrils, twined round the strip of leaf,
forming a cup at top, with a long pendant of pieces of bark, &c. The
eggs are two, pure white, and measure .60 by .34 inch.
28. Eulampis holosericeus (Linn.). Green Humming Bird.
$ Length, 4§ inches; expanse, 53 inches; wing, 22 inches.
? Length, 4? inches ; expanse, 64 inches; wing, 22 inches.
Not abundant; rather shy. Frequents the vicinity of dwellings, fruit
trees, &c. Nest usually saddled on a large limb, beautifully formed of
fine substances, coated with moss and spiders’ webs. Eggs two, white.
620 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
29. Orthorhynchus cristatus (Linn.). Crested Humming Bird ; Coulibri.
Found everywhere; common. frequents also the little islets ; very
pugnacious; beats the chicken-hawk. Nests on low branches; very fond
of the drooping branches of the nutmeg tree. Nest usually formed of
the soft fur from the cork-wood tree and other fine substances. Lays
two diminutive white eggs. Found a nest once on a sea-side grape at
Soubise Island. é.
Family CYPSELIDA.
30. Chztura cinereiventris Scl. Mountain Swallow.
$ length, 42 inches: expanse, 10 inches; wing, 43 inches.
2 length, 45 inches; expanse, 104 mches; wing, 44 inches.
Though more numerous in the mountains, this Swift is found every-
where, especially after a shower of rain. Onthe Grand Etang road they
are plentiful; skimming along close to the ground, they will just rise
and pass over the head of a traveler or dash on one side and return to
the road again to feast on the insects disturbed by the tramp of the
horse. They breed among the inaccessible cliffs in the mountains.
[This Swift has not been noted before from the Lesser Antilles,
though it was observed by Mr. Ober in Grenada, but not identified.
—G. N. L.|
31. Hemiprocne zonaris (Shaw). Collared Swift.
On the 13th July, 1882, J] was traveling through Tuilleries estate, and
observed a large flock of birds hovering over a rocky hill; I got close
up to them,and found them to be large Swifts, with a white collar round
the neck. I went back about a mile and borrowed a gun, but just as I
got to the hill again a hawk swooped down on the flock and dispersed
them. Iam told that they frequent that particular hill every year. I
saw severalof them on the 9th August about Grenville one afternoon
after a heavy shower of rain. I have no doubt that they are identical
with the “ Ringed gowrie ” described in Gosse’s Birds of Jamaica.
Family ALCEDINIDZ.
32. Ceryle alcyon (Linn.). Belted Kingfisher.
é Length, 13 inches; expanse, 204 inches; wing, 64 inches.
Migrant; arrives September; a few stragglers remain all the year;
exceedingly shy; frequents the mouths of rivers; sometimes follows the
streams for three or four miles inland ; does not nest on the island.
Family CUCULIDS.
33. Coccyzus minor (Gm.). Cuckoo manioc.
4 Length, 15¢ inches ; expanse, 164 inches; wing, 53 inches.
Not numerous; seldom more than one seen at a time; frequents hills
and valleys; feeds on crickets and other insects; breeds in May; nest
very difficult to find ; eggs pale sea-green.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 621
34. Crotophaga ani Linn. Corbeau.
3 Length, 15 inches; expanse, 162 inches ; wing, 6 inches.
Abundant everywhere; gregarious ; feeds on crickets and other in-
sects; cleans the ticks off cattle; and is very destructive to the fields
of Indian corn. The nesting habits of this bird are peculiar. The
number of eggs laid by each bird cannot be ascertained, as several of
them lay in the same nest. The eggs when first laid are of a uniform
sea-green, but after a day or two they become coated with a white
chalky substance, and this, in turn, becomes scratched by the feet of
the birds, giving the eggs a strange appearance. The nest is first
rather flat, in which six or seven eggs are laid; then another nest is
built over them, and about the same number of eggs deposited ; this is
also built over, and more eggs laid. I once found a nest in an orange
tree which had four layers of eggs. How the hatching is effected I
have not ascertained. I have seen three of the birds sitting together
on the nest while several others were perched close to it. They often
cover the eggs with dry leaves. I believe that after the top layer of
eggs is batched and the young reared the nest is scratched away
down to the second layer, which is then hatched, as I have often found
fragments of the nest and egg-shells under a tree which I had been
watching for some time, and noticed the nest reduced in size. The
eggs measure 1.28 inches by 1.04 inches and 1.32 inches by 1.02 inches.
Family STRIGID.
35. Strix flammea, var. nigrescens, Lawr. Owl. Chawan.
é Length, 112 inches ; expanse, 32 inches ; wing, 9? inches.
Owing to its nocturnal habits, this bird is more often heard than seen,
though it is well distributed about the island. It frequents ruined
buildings, decayed “ groo-groo” and other trees, and the dark valleys
in the mountains. The R. C. church in Grenville was a favorite haunt
of this owl. During a midnight service there I have observed several
of them flying in and out, engaged in feeding their young, which were
on the walls, and making a loud hissing noise all the while. The owl
has been regarded with superstitious awe In many countries, and here
itis not exempt from the same, as there are many who still believe that
the screech of this bird heard near to a dwelling bodes evil or death to
one of the inmates; certainly its ery heard “at dead of night” has
rather a weird and “uncanny” sound, but it is quite as natural and
harmless as the familiar warble of the house-wren. The food of the
owl consists of small lizards, mice, and bats; also, some kinds of fruit,
particularly that of the almond tree. It is a great robber of the pigeon
cot, taking the young from the nest.
The eggs of the owl are two, nearly spherical in form, and of a duil
white color.
Se
bo
bo
CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
Family FALCONIDZ.
36. Falco columbarius Linn. Pigeon Hawk.
é Length, 12 inches; expanse, 244 inches; wing, 8 inches.
Migrant; a few arrive with the Limicole in August and September,
and frequent the pastures near the sea-coast. They prey on the small
sandpipers, &e.
[This hawk has not been observed before in the Lesser Antilles.—
GC. a]
37. Tinnunculus sparverius caribbearum (Gm.). Sparrow Hawk.
Resident; rare and rather shy; occasionally seen darting across a
pasture or into a flock of birds ; have not been able to procure the nest.
38. Pandion haliztus carolinensis (Gm.). Osprey. Fish Hawk.
9 Length, 23 inches; expanse, 674 inches; wing, 20 inches; tail, 9
inches.
This large and powerful bird is a non-resident, though a straggler or
two may be observed all the year round. It generally arrives about
the month of August, and frequents the bays along the eastern coast
of the island. It sometimes follows the streams for three or four miles
inland. The specimen from which the above measurements were taken
was shot on the Great River, near to the Balthazar Bridge. It hada
most unpleasant odor, and was infested with vermin of three kinds. A
remarkable coincidence was, that, whilst I was dissecting this bird, a
second (probably its mate) flew past, within twenty feet of the window
at which I sat. The talons of this bird are remarkably well adapted
for holding its slippery prey. I once observed a fish-hawk swoop down
into the boucherie at Telescope and rise again slowly with a fish in its
talons. J ran, endeavoring to get a shot at it, when it took fright,
and, dropping its prey on the sands, was soon out of range. The fish
I picked up, and found it to be a “ Grand-ecaille,” which weighed nearly
four pounds. This bird does not nest on the island.
39. Buteo latissimus (Wils.). Chicken Hawk. Gree-gree.
¢ Length, 16 inches; expanse, 343 inches; wing, 11 inches.
? Length, 15 inches; expanse, 3434 inches; wing, 10} inches.
Numerous; feeds on lizards, rats, snakes, young birds, &e., and occa-
sionally makes a raid on the poultry yard; breeds on the fronds of the
palmiste, and on large trees like the silk-cotton (Ceiba); nest a large
bulky structure of dry sticks; eggs two, buff color, spotted and blotched
with reddish-brown.
40. Regerhinus uncinatus (Temm.). Merlion. Mountain Hawk.
No. A.—Blue Hawk. 4. Sp.% Morne Rouge, 26 March, 1885. 16
16 inches by 313 by 10 inches.
| 1£s6.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 623
| No. B.—Hawk. 2. Sp.?. Morne Rouge, 26 March 1885. 163 inches
by 34 inches by 102 inches.
I was pleased to learn that the Hawk had come to hand, and that
it was new to the Antilles. It is a resident, though not numerous, and
seems to prefer the vicinity of the sea-coast. 1 saw a nest about half
a mile from the sea; it was built in. an inaccessible tree, so that I could
“not procure the eggs, but the birds I identified clearly. This was
about the middle of March.
(This hawk is an interesting addition to the fauna of the Lesser
Antilles; the two specimens sent by Mr. Wells differ in plumage from
any others [ have met with. It seems to be a species of most variable
plumage. I have two specimens of it; one is from Brazil, the upper
plumage of which is of very dark-brown color; the under plumage is
white, connecting with which is a band of white on the hind neck; the
tail is marked with alternate bars of black and plumbeous-gray, and
terminates with white. The other from Gautemaia is entirely of a deep
slate-black, with a broad white band across the mid dle of the tail.
In the American Museum of Natural History are six specimens of it,
differing very much in plumage from each other.
The Grenada birds are entirely unlike my specimens, or any single
specimen in the American Museum. The male has its upper plumage
of a dark plumbeous-slate color, there is a band of bright light rufous
around the hind-neck, bordered below with deep rich brown; the upper
tail coverts have light plumbeous margins; the tail feathers are black,
crossed with two bands of plumbeous- gray, and are white at their bases ;
the quills are brownish-ash barred with black; the under plumage is
dull white, closely crossed with bars of bright brownish-rufous ; under
tail coverts pale rufous, marked with narrow bars of darker rufous ;
the upper mandible is black, the under plumbeous, with the end whitish ;
tarsi and toes yellow, claws black.
The female differs in having the upper plumage dark brown, the
feathers of which are conspicuously margined with deep bright rufous ;
_ the wings are deep rufous barred with black ; the under plumage is very
similar to that of the HRS but the rufous pane are lighter and brighter
in color.
Of the American Museum specimens only one is crossed underneath
with rufous bars like the Grenada examples, but its upper plumage is
quite different. Taking the under plumage of this specimen and the
upper plumage of another, a similar stage of plumage to that of the
male Grenada bird is made out; this last one, with the plumbeous up-
per plumage, is underneath of a light bluish-ash, barred with white,
and has no nuchal collar, and no rufous color whatever in its plumage
In the specimens [ have had under examination, there are at least six
very distinct stages of plumage.—G. N. L.]
624 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
Family COLUMBID A.
41. Columba corensis Ginn. Ramier.
é Length, 16 inches; expanse, 264 inches; wing, 53 inches.
This beautiful pigeon is our finest game bird. Its flesh is considered
a great delicacy, and it is almost the only bird that is shot and brought
into the market for sale. It is strictly arboreal, and frequents the highest
mountain ridges. About the month of April it resorts to the vicinity of
the sea-coast, and then to the islets, on which it nests. The nest is often
placed in a tuft of grass, and also on the outspreading branches of the
mangrove and sea-side grape; it is usually composed of a few dry
sticks, hollowed in the middle by the weight of the bird; the eggs are
two, pure white, and of the size of those of the domestic pigeon, though
somewhat more spherical in shape.
42. Zenaida martinicana Bp. Tourterelle. Seaside Dove.
6 Length, 113 inches; expanse, 18 inches; wing, 64 inches.
Very numerous all round tke island, though seldom found higher
than two miles from the sea; frequents the mangrove trees, open past-
ures, the cliffs overhanging the sea, and the little islets; feed on fallen
berries and seeds, pigeon peas, &c.; makes its nest generally in a tuft
of grass, sometimes on the bare ground, and on ledges along the cliffs ;.
the eggs are two, pure white in color.
43. Zenaida rubripes Lawr. Trinidad Ground Dove.
It is with great pleasure that [ now forward to you by book-post (reg-
istered) a skin of the Dove known locally as the “ Trinidad Ground
Dove.” This bird was shot on the eastern side of the island and sent
to me by a brother of mine who knew I was anxious to procure a spec-
imen of it. It is not a common bird. I have shot three or four of them
on a small island off the south coast called “ Glover’s Island,” where L
believe they resort to during the nesting period, and I have also shot
one in Carriacou, but have never until this instance seen one taken on
the island proper. The present specimen is a ¢, and I would have
been very glad to get a ¢ also, as (writing from memory) I believe the
é to have a gray head. However, I shall use every endeavor to pro-
cure one. I trust the skin will reach you safely and that you may be
able to identify it. The bird was much injured by shot and decomposed
when it reached me, hence the skin is not a very good one.
[For the description of this species, see The Auk, vol. II, page 357.—
Go rr]
44. Engyptila wellsi Lawr. (Auk, vol. I, p. 180). Pea Dove.
Dove sp ?
A beautiful dove, new to me, about the size of Z. martinicana; fre-
quents a place called Fontenoy, on the western side of the island.
ins
2
ti
-1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 625
Since I last wrote you I have been able to procure four live speci-
mens of the Dove called ‘Pea Dove” on my list. One of these died
_a day or two ago, and I send you the skin per book-post, which I trust
will reach you and serve to identify the bird. The skin is a poor one,
as the bird had injured itself considerably by fluttering in the cage, and
the person who caught it had clipt off the ends of the wing feathers to
prevent its flying away. However, I thought that it might still serve
the purpose of identification, so I send it per post.
[This species is described in The Auk, vol. I, p. 180.—G,. N. L.}
|Since my description of this species, the type of which is a female,
Mr. Wells has obtained and sent me a fine adult specimen of the male,
‘shot at Glover’s Island, a mile from the south end, May 25, 1886.”
Mr. Wells was correct when he wrote: ‘I believe the male to have a
gray head.”
It differs from the female in the front being vinous, in having the
crown of a bluish-gray color, which color extends on the hind neck, but
there it is of a duller shade. The lower part of the back, rump, and
upper tail coverts are of a rather darker and duller bluish gray than
‘the crown. Thecolor of the breast, abdomen, and under tail coverts, in
this specimen, are of a much paler cinnamon, and the quills are darker
than those of the female, being blackish brown. In all other respects
they are alike.
The feet are dark carmine, much brighter than in the female as
shown at present, the color in that having faded.—G. N. L.] ;
45. Columbigallina passerina (Linn). Ground Dove; Ortolan.
Length, 63 inches, expanse, 10 inches; wing, 33 inches.
Common. Found along the roadside, in the pastures, and along the
sea-shore ;‘nests on the bare ground, or on a short stump or tuft of
grass; a rude nest formed of dried stalks and grass, in which it lays
two pure white eggs measuring .85 inch by .60 inch.
46. Geotrygon montana (Linn). Perdrix; Mountain Dove.
$ Length, 92 inches; expanse, 173 inches; wing, 6 inches; tail, 3
inches.
? Length, 94 inches; expanse, 17 inches; wing, 6 inches; tail, 2%
inches.
Traveling along our mountain roads in the early morning, the plaintive
moan of this beautiful dove is often heard; and among the cocoa fields
and nutmeg groves one or two brace may be flushed morning and
evening. It is essentially a ground pigeon, and seeks its food by
scratching amongst the fallen leaves for small seeds, gravel, &c. It is
very partial to seeds of the “Christmas bush” tree, or wild pimento.
The beautiful bright chestnut of the male makes it conspicuous in con.
trast with the sober olive-brown of the female; hence the former more
often falls a victim to the gun. They are easily caught alive in springs
Proc. N. M., 86-——40 Feb. 11, 1887.
626 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
set amongst their haunts, but are difficult to keep in captivity except
when taken young from the nest. I have kept several which were taken
full grown, and after being in the cage for more than a year they would
continue to flutter and batter their heads on the approach of any one.
The nest (which is generally placed on a stump or fallen tree, about
3 to 4 feet from the ground, and sometimes in a tuft of ‘ razor-grass”)
is merely a platform of dry leaves and a few sticks on which a slight
depression is made by the bird sitting on it (both male and female
take part alternately in the process of incubation) In this it lays two
buff-colored eggs, immaculate, and it is remarkable that one of the
eggs in each nest is invariably much darker than the other. They
measure 1.04 inches by .84 inch and 1.06 inches by .80 inch. ;
Family ARDEIDAs.
47. Ardea herodias Linn. Large Crabier.
é Length, 614 inches; expanse, 71 inches; wing, 194 inches.
Migrant; not numerous; frequents swamps, mouths of rivers, and
occasionally follows the streams up to the mountains.
48. Ardea candidissima Gm. White Gaulin.
Though a specimen of this bird was obtained here by Mr. Ober, I
have not been able todiscover one. White gaulins are seen everywhere,
but they are the young of F. cwrulea. There is no record of a White
Gaulin’s nest ever having been found.
49. Ardea ccerulea Linn. Blue Gaulin. +
9? Length, 21 inches; expanse, 36 inches; wing, 10 inches.
$ Length, 211 inches; expanse, 35} inches; wing, 10 inches.
A very common bird; may be found wherever there is water. They
breed on the small islands, several nests on the same tree. The nest is
but a flat platform of dry sticks. The-.eggs can be seen through the
nest. They lay twoeggs, and orten three or four, of a beautiful bluish
green, measuring 1.66 by 1.32, 1.68 by 1.30. The young are pure white,
and grow to their full size before the change of feathers takes place.
Then they may be observed in all stages, from a few specks of blue toa
few specks-of white, until the pure blue of the adult is reached.
50. Ardea virescens Linn. Kyallie.
A very common bird on our streams and along the sea-shore ; feed on
small crabs and fish; breed among the mangroves and trees overhang-
ing the water. Found a nest in an orangetree at Balthazar, near to the
dwelling-house which is not far from the great river. The nest is buta
few dry sticks laid across each other. The eggs are two and occasion-
ally three, of a uniform bluish green. They measure 1.42 inches by
1.10 inches and 1.32 inches by 1.02 inches.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 627)
51. Nyctiorax violaceus (Linn.). Crabier. Night Heron.
? Length, 224 inches; expanse, 374 inches; wing, 12 inches.
Found in the mangrove swamps and about the mouths of rivers. Is
rather shy, seeking its food after dusk along the sea-shore, where it preys
on the sand-crabs and small fry. Travelers along the road from Pearls
to Conference beach at night are often startled by the loud ‘ quok” of
these birds as they rise from the ground. They sometimes build in the
mangroves, but generally resort to the rocky islets during the nesting
period, in April and May. Hope Island and Labaye Rock are favorite
breeding places. There they build in the prickly-pear bushes a large
platform of dry sticks, on which is laid three eggs (sometimes two) of
auniform bluish green, measuring 2.10 inches by 1.48inches ; 2.12 inches
by 1.50 inches, and 2.16 inches by 1.48 inches.
Family PLATALEIDA.
52. Ajaja rosea (Linn.). Roseate Spoonbill.
[Mr. Wells remarks of this species: ‘“ Never seen or heard of by me.”
Mr. Ober gives it in his catalogue of the Birds of Grenada; he did not
observe it, but says: “A very rare migrant, said to have been seen
here.” :
I have thought best to include it, as it is the only species enumerated
by Mr. Ober, not obtained by Mr. Wells.—G. N. L.]
Family CHARADRIID 2.
53. Charadrius dominicus Miill. American Golden Plover.
2 Length, 10 inches; expanse, 23 inches; wing, 74 inches.
Migrant; arrive in large flocks early in September; frequent the open
pastures; afford fine sport until November.
54. Charadrius squatarola (Linn.). Grey Plover.
? Length, 115 inches ; expanse, 234 inches; wing, 74 inches.
Migrant; arrives in September and October; not numerous; rather
shy.
55. Zigialitis semipalmata Bonap. Ring-neck Plover.
$ Length, 73 inches; expanse, 142 inches; wing, 5 inches.
Migrant; arrives in August and September; frequents the sand-
beach ; abundant.
56. Oxyechus vociferus (Linn.). Killdeer.
é Rare migrant; 93 inches by 20 inches by 62 inches.
Family STREPSILIDA.
57. Strepsilas inteypres (Linn.). Turnstone.
2 Length, 9 inches; expanse, 183 inches; wing, 6 inches. .
Several arrive along with the plovers; frequents the sea-shore and
mouths of streams; often found among the drift-wood and débris cast up
by the sea.
628 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
Family SCOLOPACID A.
58. Gallinago delicata (Ord). Wilson’s Snipe.
$ Length, 11 inches; expanse, 174 inches ; wing, 54 inches; tail, 2
inches ; bill, 23 inches.
Magen: afew arrivein September; frequents the swampy flats near
the sea.
59. Micropalama himantopus (Bonap.). Stilt Sandpiper.
$ Length, 9 inches; expanse, 16 inches; wing, 54 inches.
Not abundant; frequents the edges of pools and streams; migrant.
60. Actodromas maculata (Vieill.). Grass bird. Pectoral Sandpiper.
2 Length, 94 inches; expanse, 18 inches; wing, 5} inches.
Large flocks arrive in September and October; frequent the open
pasture; become very fat ; good shooting.
61. Ereunetes pusillus (Linn.). Small Sandpiper.
$ Length, 6 inches; expanse, 114 inches; wing, 33 inches.
Arrive in great numbers in August and September; frequent the sea-
shore and swamp edges.
62. Limosa fedoa (Linn.). Marbled Godwit.
$ Length, 17 inches; expanse, 294 inches; wing, 9 inches.
A few arrive with the first flight of yellow-legs, &c.
63. Symphemia semipalmata (Gmel.). Willet.
64. Actitis macularia (Linn.). Spotted Sandpiper.
? Length, 74 inches; expanse, 123 inches; wing, 3§ inches.
Large numbers arrive in August and September. Several stragglers
remain all the year round, frequent the sea-shore, and follow the streams
for four or five miles inland.
65. Bartramia longicauda (Bechst.). Cotton-tree Plover.
$ Length, 113 inches; expanse, 224 inches; wing, 6% inches.
? Length, 113 inches; expanse, 19 inches ; wing, 62 inches.
Not numerous. Arrives in September; frequents the hilly pastures,
with tufts of grass, &c.; very wary; affords excellent shooting.
[This is an addition to the fauna of the Lesser Antilles.—G. N. L.]
66. Totanus flavipes (Gmel.). Small Yellow-legs.
2 Length; 104 inches; expanse, 194 inches; wing, 6 inches.
Large numbers begin to artive aanie in neaees frequent the.edges -
of swamps and rain-pools.
67. Totanus melanoleucus (Gmel.). Large Yellow-legs. Piker.
»2 Length, 134 inches; expanse, 22 inches; wing, 7? inches.
Arrive a little later than the preceding ; freqnent marshy lowlands; -
fine shooting.
-1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 629
68. Numenius hudsonicus (Lath.). Large Curlew.
A rare migrant.
69. Numenius borealis (Forst.). Curlew.
Several along with the plovers.
[Not before noted from the Lesser Antilles.—G. N. L.]
Family RALLIDA.
70. Porzana carolina (Linn.). Sora Rail.
? Length, 83 inches; expanse, 12£ inches; wing, 44 inches.
A familiar object about the swamps is this lively little bird, where it
may be observed running along on the leaves of the water lilies and
flicking up its short tail all the while. Found it numerous at Isle de
Rhonde in January. On the 25th February, 1883, one was caught alive
at Mount Parnassus, in a trap set for ground doves and baited with
Indian corn. I have not yet procured its eggs or observed its nest.
71. Ionornis martinica (Linn.). Kascamiol; Purple Gallinule.
This bird is rather abundant on the little islands between this and
Carriacou, where it is often taken alive in “ fish pots ” baited with corn.
On one island (Mabouya) the people who cultivate it destroy numbers
_of the eggs of this bird every year, as they state that the bird destroys
their growing crops of Indian corn. I have kept a pair of live ones for
more than two years. A pair has just been taken away to England by
a gentleman who intends to present them to the Zoological Society there.
72. Gallinula galeata (Licht.). Red-head Water Fowl.
2 Length, 144 inches; expanse, 23 inches; wing, 62? inches.
Abundant; frequents all the swamps; occasionally found on the
streams inland; numerous at Lake Antoine and at Isle de Rhonde,
though I have not observed it at the Grand Etang; builds a large flat
nest among the rushes, the bottom of the nest generally resting on the
water; found nest with four eggs at Telescope Swamp.
73. Fulica americana, Gm. Coot. Poule d’Eau.
' 2 Length, 164 inches; expanse, 26 inches; wing, 7? inches.
Found on the Grand Etang or mountain lake, Lake Antoine, and all
the large swamps; also numerous at the fresh-water pond at Isle de
Rhonde; they afford fine shooting, though difficult to retrieve if
wounded, as they dive and swim under water very: fast. They may
often be seen swimming with a large brood of young, which all dive on
the least alarm and rise again at a considerable distance; they will
continue to dive and rise until the rushes at the side are gained, when
they secrete themselves. Occasionally the adult birds will fly along the
surface of the water, the end of the wings touching the water and leav-
ing a clear “wake” behind them. They nest on the borders of the
Swamps, &c.
630 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
Family ANATID A.
74. Anas discors Linn. Blue-wing Teal. ,
Large numbers arrive in our ponds and swamps early in October. On ~
January 3, 1883, found numbers of them at Isle de Rhonde found nest- |
ing; got several eggs; they were incubated; large embryo in them.
a
75. Anas boschas Linn. Mallard.
This duck visits us in October and affords fine shooting.
[Not before noted from the Lesser Antilles.—G. N. L.]
76. Black Duck, sp.?
A small duck, quite black, occasionally found in the sea. I shot one
a couple of years ago.
[No example of this duck has been sent, therefore it remains uniden-
tified for the present.—G. N. L.]
77. Brismatura rubida (Wils.). Ruddy Duck. =
[This species has not been observed before in the Lesser Antilles.—
G. N. L.]
Family FREGATIDA.
78. Fregata aquila (Linn.). Man-o-war Bird. Fregate.
é Length, 394 inches; expanse, 82 inches; wing, 254 inches.
Numerous; breed on the rocky islets; found nests with young in May
at “ Kick-em-Jenny,” a peaked rock off the north end of the island.
They beat the Boobies and Gulls making them disgorge their prey, which
the Man-o-war bird catches in the air and devours.
Family PELECANIDAL.
79. Pelecanus fuscus (Linn.). Pelican; Grand-gorgé.
é Length, 48 inches; expanse, 735 inches; wing, 20 inches.
Very numerous all round the island and among the grenadiers. In
September and October large numbers come into the bays to feed on
“sprat” and “fry.” Their breeding place has not been clearly deter-
mined; they are supposed to breed on some of the isolated rocks and >
on the mainland of America.
80. Sula sula (Linn.). Booby; Fou.
Numerous; breeds on islets; nests in trees; several nests on same |
tree.
81. Sula piscator (Linn.). Red-foot Booby.
Abundant at ‘ Kick-em-jenny.” Found nests there in May, some—
with young and some just building. The nest is a large flat structure’
of dry sticks, placed on the outspread branch of a large leafless tree.
i
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 631
82. Sula cyanops Sundev. White Booby: Blue-faced Gannet.
Not abundant; observed several building in trees at Kick-em-jenny
~ in May.
I went on a collecting trip to our little islands about the middle of
May, which proved a disastrous one. I procured several specimens,
amongst which were four “ Boobies,” but got swamped in a boat, owing
to the heavy sea, and lost them all. Two of the Boobies were new to
me, Viz, a white one with red feet (Sula piscator ?) and one which was all
brown except the tail, which was white; feet also lake-red (S. parva ?).
They were building nests in trees; several nests on same tree. I could
not procure any eggs, as the trees overhung the rocks, and were inac-
_cessible. The other Boobies observed were brown; one with white
breast, feet dull pale yellow (8. jiber or S. fusca ?).
Family PH #H THONIDA.
$3. Phaéthon zthereus Linn. Boatswain; Tropic Bird; Paille-en-queque.
2 Length, 38 inches; expanse, 41 inches; wing, 13 inches; tail feather,
194 inches.
These birds are abundant amongst the small islands between this and
Carriacou, notably the La Tantes, where they breed in holes in the
rock; they are easily taken alive whilst sitting on their nests; they
are very graceful on the wing, the long tail feathers having a tremulous
motion; they utter a shrill grating ery at intervals whilst flying, from
which the name Boatswain has been given them by sailors. In Pere
Labat’s book, published in 1722, there is an illustration of one of these
birds, called by him Paille-en-cul, a name by which it is known to the
inhabitants of Isle de Rhonde at the present day. The male bird has
two of the long tail feathers; the female only one. The specimen from
which the above measurements were taken was shot on the wing at
La Tantes Islands on 20th January, 1881. A live one was taken from a
nest at the same place in April last and brought to me; it lived for two
days.
Family LARID.
84. Larus atricilla Linn. Mauve; Laughing Gull.
$ Length, 164 inches; expanse, 39 inches; wing, 12 inches.
Numerous all round the island; several of them attend on the flocks
of pelicans, and when those birds dive for fish the guils swoop down
with them and pluck the fish or a part of it from the mouths of the
_ pelicans, uttering at the same time their peculiar laughing ery, which
the fishermen interpret as “half,” “half.” On the 15th May, 1882, I
observed a number of these birds at Isle de Rhonde, hovering over a —
large Figeur tree. On going up to the tree I found that they were
plucking and eating the berries; they never alighted on the branches,
but kept hovering around and plucking at the fruit, keeping up an in-
632 CATALOGUE OF BIRDS OF GRENADA.
cessant laughing all the while. They nest on the ledges of the cliffs
overhanging the sea.
85. Sterna maxima Bodd. Royal Tern.
é Length, 19 inches; expanse, 443 inches; wing, 143 inches.
Not abundant; frequents the bays on the eastern side of the island ;
two or three are often seen in Grenville Harbor, where they roost at
night on the buoys laid down for warping vessels; nest on the islets in
. April and May.
86. Sterna dougalli Mont. Roseate Tern; Careete.
i: Length, 12 inches: expanse, 293 inches; wing, 13} inches.
Numerous; frequent all the bays around the coast; breed on the
island; found nests with two eggs each at Lee Rocks in May.
87. Sterna fuliginosa Gm. ‘‘Twa-oo,”
This tern is abundant at Isle de Rhonde, Kickem-jenny, and all the
small kays to the northward of the island. Large numbers breed on
the “Lee Rocks.” A friend of mine has one of these birds, which he
reared from a nestling. It is kept in the house yard and serves the
purpose of a watch-dog, as it gives notice of the approach of a stranger
with a shrill grating ery. It is fed on bits of fish, and seems quite con-
tented, though he is in company with Ramiers, Tourterelles, Perdrix,
Ring Doves, and Pea Doves, all occupying a large aviary. Both the
Bridled tern and this species are known locally by the name “ twa-oo.”
88. Sterna anethetus Scop. Twa-oo; Bridled Tern.
-@ Length, 15 inches; expanse, 314 inches; wing, 11 inches.
Abundant among the islets; found nests at Lee Rocks in May; eggs
two; general color light buff, with dark brown spots and blotches;
they vary considerably in shape and markings.
89. Anous stolidus Linn. Mwen; Noddy Tern.
$ Length, 163} inches; expanse, 32 inches ; wing, 102 inches.
Very abundant; large flocks may be seen feeding on “sprats” be-
tween the islands; found numerous nests at Lee Rocks early in May,
some in tufts of short grass, others on the bare rock; the nests are
placed very close to each other; the eggs are two in number and vary
considerably both in color and markings.
Family PROCELLARIID.
90. Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl). Wilson’s Petrel.
? Length, 83 inches; expanse, 184 inches; wing, 63 inches; tail, 3
inches. Wings when closed project 14 inches beyond the tail.
Abundant; follow in the wake of boats and vessels; procured one
from a fisherman, who struck it with an oar whilst following his boat
’
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 633
about a mile from shore; it was alive and pecked viciously at my hand,
making a peculiar hissing sound at the same time; nesting place and
habits not known.
[This species has not been noted before from the Lesser Antilles.—G,
N. L.]
Family PODICIPITIDA.
91. Podilymbus pcdiceps (Linn.). Diver,
$ Length, 14 inches; expanse, 23? inches; wing, 5 inches.
Numerous at Lake Antoine and the mangrove swamps on the east
coast, also at the fresh-water pond at Isle de Rhonde.
92. Podiceps holbcellii? Red-back Diver.
Abundant at Isle de Rhonde pond. A few only observed at Lake
Antoine.
[Mr. Wells has this bird in his list as Podiceps holbolli*?, and calls it
* «The Red-back Diver.”
No specimens have been sent, and I doubt that it is the species he
supposes it to be, viz, the Amer Red-necked Grebe, of which he gives
the scientific name, although he calls it the ‘‘ Red-back Diver;” possibly
a slip of the pen. ‘
The Amer Red-necked Grebe is strictly a northern species. Its ap-
pearance in winter along the New England coast, and as far South as
New Jersey, is irregular, and it is viewed in the light of a straggler.
It has never been noted from any of the most northerly of the West
India Islands, and now that it is given as abundant in the most south-
erly island of the Lesser Antilles, seems to preclude the possibility of
its being this species.
1 hope before long to get specimens for its identification.—G. N. L.]
ON A COLLECTION OF BIRDS MADE BY MR. M.NAMIYE, IN THE LIU
KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
By LEONHARD STEJNEGER.
A short time ago the National Museum received a fine collection of
birds from the Educational Museum of Tokio, Japan, the director
of which is Mr. S. Tegima. Besides numerous interesting and weil-
prepared specimens, especially from the provinces southwest of Tokio,
there were several skins from Liu Kiu. At the same time, Mr. M. Na-
miye, in charge of the ornithological department of the Educational
Museum, forwarded to me for inspection another lot from the same
islands.
The Liu Kia, or Riu Kiu, Islands (often spelt Lew Chew, or Loo Choo),
in connection with the Linschoten Archipelago, form a continuous chain
of islands between Kiu-Siu, the southern of the Great Japanese Isl-
ands proper, and the northern end of Formosa. Notwithstanding this
intermediate position between two so peculiar and remarkable zoogeo-
graphical provinces, only little has been done in order to explore their
fauna. That of the Linschoten group is wholly unknown, and what
little we know of the birds of the Liu Kiu Islands is due to the Ameri- |
can Pacific Exploring Expeditions under Perry and Rodgers.
The Liu Kiu Archipelago consists of three groups, a southern, the
Miyaco Islands, or Nambu Sioto, south of 25° north latitude; a middle
group, Tsubu Sioto, or Liu Kiu proper, between 26° and 27° north lati-
tude, and a northern group, Hokubu Sioto, between 27° and 29° north
latitude.
The first and the last named of these groups have apparently never
been visited by naturalists, for the ornithological collections, at least,
have only come from the main island of the middle group, Okinawa
Shima, or Great Liu Kiu. The present collection was also made on
this island during a short visit of Messrs. Tegima and Namiye during
the month of March of the present year. Official business of more
pressing nature prevented Mr. Namiye from devoting so much time to
collecting as he wanted. This is much to be regretted, for when we
look at the excellent results of his short stay, there can be no doubt
but that he would have added more species to the Avifauna of the Jap-
anese Empire. It is also desirable that the southern group should
be explored, since situated, as they are, even more southerly than
the northern point of Formosa, pretty well isolated, and not far from
the Tropic of Cancer, many interesting novelties and additions to the
fauna may be expected to occur on these islands, which, moreover,
seem to be very mountainous, the mountains reaching a height of at
least 600 meters.
634
1886.) PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 635
Okinawa Shima, or Great Liu Kiu, is a long and narrow island, its
greatest length in a southwest-northeast direction being nearly 60 miles.
It is well cultivated in the southern part, about the chief city called
Napa or Nafa, but further north it becomes rugged and mountainous
and covered with forests.
Turnix blakistoni SwINH.
The discovery of this little quail-like bird on Japanese territory adds
not only a species and genus to the list of Japanese birds, but a whole
superfamily, Turnicoidew, or Turnicomorphe as the group is called by
some ornithologists who consider it worthy of rank as an order.
I am somewhat doubtful in regard to the specific name, for Swinhoe’s
decription, if it can be called a description, is very short and unsatis-
factory, and I have no Chinese specimens forcomparison. Here is what
he says (P. Z. S., 1871, p. 401):
“A male specimen of the 7. ocellata group was procured by Captain
Blakiston at Canton, and kindly given to me. This differs too much
from the last [ 7. rostrata] for me to consider it of the same species. Its
nearest ally is the 7. pugnax, Temm., of Malacca, but it is smaller,
shorter-toed, and possesses a remarkably small bill. Instead of spots
it has numerous bands across the breast, and its upper parts are very
rufous. I propose to separate it under the name of its discoverer.”
I have before me a pair of “ 7. pugnax from Malacca” (U.S. Nat. Mus.,
Nos. 15176 and 15177), or T. plumbipes HorsF., as it ought to stand ac-
cording to the opinion of the Marquis of Tweeddale, who considered it.
distinct from the typical 7. pugnax from Java, from the male of which
the bird from Liu Kiu differs in the following points:
(1) It is considerably smaller, with somewhat smaller bill and feet.
(2) Its forehead differs distinctly from the crown in being buffish
white with black streaks, the crown being dark rufous vee blackish
centers, and a light median stripe.
(3) On the upper parts the ground color i is much more rufous and the
light marks more buify.
(4) It is less heavily banded on the flanks.
So far as the description goes, the Liu Kiu bird, therefore, agrees tol-
erably. well with the characters ascribed by Swinhoe to his 7. blakistont.
I should remark, however, that the Indian form, which Mr. Hume calls
T. taigoor SYKES, also seems to differ from plumbipes chiefly by the
rufous tint of the upper parts (cf. Hume, Stray Feath., VI, 1878, p. 451).
The occurrence of a Hemipode on Japanese territory is not very sur-
prising, since a species of this family has been found on the opposite
mainland as far north as Ussuri (latitude of northern Yesso).
The following deséription of the Liu Kiu specimen may not be out of
place:
$ ad. Napa, Okinawa Shima, March 29, 1886. Coll. M. Namiye.—Fore-
head whitish, slightly tinged with buff, each feather marked longitud-
636° BIRDS FROM LIU KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN.
inally with black; superciliary streak, lores, cheeks, malar region, ear-
coverts, and upper lateral portion of neck similarly colored, the brown-
ish black markings, however, occupying the tip of the feathers, form-
ing semi-lunar, scale-like marks on the side of the neck; a distinct
light hazel-colored spot behind the ear-coverts ; chin and throat white,
slightly suffused with buff, unspotted; feathers of the crown and nape
black with broad hazel-colored tips, those nearest to the supercilium
with a light mark in the outer web, and those nearest to the middle
with a similar, but larger buffy white spot, forming a conspicuous light
median line from the forehead to the neck ; lower lateral portion of neck
of a dull hazel inclining to cinnamon, and but faintly mottled with
dusky; ground color of scapulars, and entire back, including rump and
upper tail-coverts, of a raw umber somewhat irregularly overlaid with
hazel inclining to rusty, and more or less conspicuously mottled and
waved with blackish, the shoulder feathers and longest rump feathers
in the outer web marked with a distinct buffy spot which is set well off
from the rest of the feather by a black line or spot; ground color of
under parts creamy buff, becoming tawny buff on the flanks, crissum
and under tail-coverts, the feathers of the fore-neck, upper breast, and
sides of the breast each with a subterminal transverse spot of black,
forming a series of interrupted cross-bars, and most of the feathers also
with a very narrow blackish edge to the tips; primaries dusky, fading
into brownish gray toward the tip, the outer webs with light edges,
which are particularly well defined, and nearly white on the outermost
pair; secondaries similarly colored, but the edges more tinged with buff
and the tips inclining to cinnamon, the inner ones in the outer webs
showing trace of buff cross-bars as an indication of the markings on
the tertiaries, which are hazel mottled with dusky and adorned with
several transverse marginal spots of a light buff irregularly bordered
by brownish black; primary coverts like the primaries; great second-
ary coverts similar to the tertiaries, but the hazel inclines to cinnamon,
the buff occupies nearly the whole outer web, and the dark markings
assume more the character of regular cross-bars; the smaller upper
coverts similarly colored on both webs, the smallest ones with only ter-
minal buff spot and a subterminal black one, nearly obsolete in those
nearest to the edge of the wing; largest feather of the alula dusky
with a broad and well-defined buffy white edge to the outer web; under
wing-coverts and axillaries ashy gray, those nearest to the edge and
the tips of the axillaries strongly washed with cinnamon; tail-feathers
like the elongated rump-feathers and difficult to distinguish from the
latter. Bill and legs appear to have been of a bluish horn-color, the
gonys light yellowish.
Dimensions.—Total length 140™™, according to the measurement of
the fresh bird by the collector. Wing, 73™™; tail-feathers, 26™™; ex-
posed culmen, 12™™; tarsus, 24™™; middle toe with claw, 20™™.
‘
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 637
It may be well to remark that ‘the individual variation as to color is
very great in the Hemipodes, and that the females of the present group
are larger than the males, and have the chin, throat, and fore-neck uni-
form blackish.
Treron permagna, sp. n.
Di1AGn.—Rectrices underneath uniform slate black, the tips bordered
with ashy; tail slightly graduated; third primary sinuated in the inner
web; under tail-coverts dark-olive green broadly bordered with pale
creamy yellow ; secondaries and their great coverts narrowly edged with
the same; primary coverts uniform blackish; lower abdomen of a creamy
primrose-yellow; rest of plumage dull olive-green above, clearer on the
rump, clear yellowish oil-green on forehead and under parts. Size very
large: wing over 200™™.
TyYPE.—No. 17, Coll. Namiye; Napa, Okinawa Shima, Liu Kiu Islands,
March 9, 1886.
HABITaT.—Okinawa Shima, middle group, Liu Kiu Islands, Japan.
The identification of the present species has caused me considerable
difficulty. It is much larger than Treron formose SwINHOE* from
Formosa, being, so far as I can see, the largest species in the whole
genus Treron in its widest sense, though otherwise evidently closely
resembling the female of that species. But the specimen before me,
which Mr. Namiye collected at Napa, March 9, 1886, is marked on the
label as being a male. Should the determination of the sex be cor-
rect, the present species would be unique amongst its nearest allies in
having the small upper wing-coverts olive-green in the male and not
chestnut.
But even if the specimen be a female, it differs sufficiently from Swin-
hoe’s description of the types of his 7. formose to warrant the separation.
First, as to dimensions: His female has the wing 7.2 inches long and
the ‘‘tail” 4 inches, while Namiye’s bird measures, wing 8.3 and tail 6
inches! It is consequently much larger even than the male T. formosa,
which, according to Swinhoe, has the wing 7.8 and the tail 5 inches,
with a graduation of 0.5 inch, while in permagna the latter measurement
is nearly 1 inch. It should also be remarked that my mode of meas-
uring gives the smallest possible dimensions, for the wing is not flat-
tened, and the tail is measured by thrusting the point of the dividers
between the central tail-feathers down to the base.
In general coloration my bird agrees tolerably well with Swinhoe’s
description (when we remember that “yellow on the head and rump” is
a misprint for ‘ yellower”), except that it has the throat uniform with
the rest of the under parts, and not “ grey, each feather margined with
yellowish green.” In the details, however, there seem to be some dif-
ferences, which will be apparent from the subjoined full description of
*Ibis, 1863, p. 396, and 1866, p. 312; nec Sphenocercus formose SWINHOE, Ibis, 1866
p. 122, que T. sororia SWINH.
658 BIRDS FROM LIU KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN.
T. permagna. In regard to the coloration of the wing the discrepancies
are very considerable, as will be seen from the following comparison :
T. formose 9°. | T. formose ¢. T. permagna.
“Primary coverts and seconda- | ‘‘The primary coverts with more | Primary coverts uniform black,
ries black, margined with clear or less greyish black, margined without light edgings. Sec-
ellow. with yellow.” ondaries edged with yellowish.
“ertiaries and other coverts | ‘‘Outer tertials greyish black, | Tertiaries uniform olive green,
green, some of them being narrowly edged with green withoutlightedges. Six outer
likewise margined.’—Swinh., and light yellow; the rest of great secondary coverts edged
Ibis, 1863, p. 397. the tertials the color of the with yellowish. No other coy-
black.”—Swinh., Ibis, 1866, p. erts light edged.
312.
I have a strong suspicion, however, that Swinhoe has not named cor-
rectly the parts he described. I believe that by ‘‘ primary coverts” he
really meant the ‘“ great secondary coverts,” and that, in the description
of the male, by “outer tertials” he meant “outer secondaries.” The
fact remains, however, that in the females he describes two sets of cov-
erts as having yellow edges, while in the bird before me only the outer
great coverts are colored in such a manner.
The following is a careful description of the type of T. permagna.
6 (2) Napa, Okinawa Shima, March 9, 1886. Coll. Namiye.—U pper parts
dark olive-green, clearer on the rump and hoary on occiput, cheeks,
sides of neck, cervix, and interscapilium; forehead, anterior part of
crown, and lores, like the under parts, clear oil-green, gradually deep-
ening backwards to the abdomen into olive green; middle of lower
abdomen and crissum of a delicate creamy crimson yellow; feathers
covering tibia and sides of abdomen olive green, edged with a similar
yellow; under tail-coverts, the longest of which reach beyond the tips
of the lateral rectrices, dark olive green, broadly (about 5™™) margined
with pale creamy yellow ; sides of breast, axillaries, as well as the whole
under side of the wing, dark slate, with a somewhat glaucous gloss
to the under side of remiges; upper side of the remiges brownish
black, the outer webs towards the edge washed with olive green; sec-
ond, third, and fourth primaries distinctly, but very narrowly, edged
with pale yellowish in the middle portion of the outer web; the outer
webs of the six outer secondaries similarly edged, though somewhat
broader and in the apical half only ; the corresponding greater coverts
colored exactly similarly ; tertiaries and all the other upper coverts
uniform olive green, with a scarcely perceptible purplish wash on the
smaller ones, except the primary coverts, which are uniform blackish
brown, without light edges; tail above olive green, the central pair of
tail-feathers uniformly so, the rest with the inner edge slaty black
(about 7=™ wide); under side of tail slate black, each feather tipped
with ashy on the portion not covered by the succeeding one. In the
dried skin the bill is light horn-blue in its terminal half, whitish along
the edges, the basal portion being horny bluish black ; feet a dull burnt
carmine.
Dimensions : Total length, according to Mr. Namiye’s measurement
of the fresh bird, 405™™; stretch of wings, 645™". Wing, 211™™; tail-
.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 639
feathers, 153"™; graduation of tail, 24™™; exposed culmen, 21™™; tar-
sus, 28™"; middle toe with claw, 37™™.
Treron permagna is the second species of the Green Pigeons known
to occur in Japan, the other species being the well-known 7. sieboldii.*
The two species may be easily distinguished thus:
a Lower breast and entire abdomen yellowish-white ; the outer tail-feathers above
with asibterminaly black band : 3522: <j.) 2 se- ste = elena 2-15 == - T. sieboldii.
a? The yellowish white of the body confined to the middle portion of the lower
abdomen and the crissum; the tail-feathers without any subterminal cross-
ER ERTVCl epee ane aera ee ole alates ae ohare T. permagna.
A close ally of T. sieboldii is found in Formosa, viz, Swinhoe’s 7.
sororiust, if, indeed, it really be separable. It ayia be interesting to
know how the corresponding bird from the intermediate islands is
colored.
Megascops elegans (CASSIN).
This species is not new tothe Japanese fauna, for the type was taken
on board a vessel while in Japanese waters, west of the northern islands
of the Linschoten group, consequently not far from the locality where
it has now been rediscovered by Mr. Namiye, who obtained a female
specimen at Oroku, Okinawa Shima, March 28, 1886.
In order to determine this specimen I went to Philadelphia, where,
by the courtesy of the authorities of the Academy of Natural Sciences,
I was permitted to institute a direct comparison with Cassin’s type of
“ Hphialtes elegans.” J found, as I had anticipated, that the bird col-
lected by Mr. Namiye is identical with the type, agreeing as itdoes very
closely both in size and coloration. It is slightly more rufous all over,
but otherwise it matches it so closely, and especially in the amount of
feathering on the tarsi, that two specimens more similar are scarcely
found in any of the species of this variable group. The type specimen
has hardly any indication of occipital or cervical bands and certainly
less than several specimens of M. japonicus now beforeme. The Liu Kiu
specimen shows more of-a cervical light band, though it is by no means
very pronounced. It seems not justifiable to refer the present species
to M. lettia and M. japonicus to M. scops as subspecies because of the
absence or presence of these bands, which apparently are quite an un-
stable character.
The present species is certainly very closely allied to M. japonicus,
from which it is easily separated, however, by its superior size and by
the greater extent of the naked portion of the tarsus. The coloration
jS very much the same, the individual variation being almost endless,
but it seems as if J. elegans has the blackish markings on the top of
the head larger and darker, thus making the crown conspicuously darker
than the rest of the upper parts; a feature which I do not find in any
specimen of my series of M. Japonicus. The ear-tufts seem to be larger
* Columba sieboldii TEMMINCK, Pl. Color. FLV; liv, 93, pl. 549. (1835. i
t Ibis, 1866, p. 311=Treron sonorius GRAY, Hanae 1. B., 11, p. 224 (1870. ) = Sphenocercus
formose SWINHOE, Ibis, 1866, p. 122, nec Treron formose SWINHOE, 1863!
640 BIRDS FROM LIU KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN.
than in the latter species, the largest feathers in both specimens of
elegans being 27™™ long, besides being rather stiff and narrow, while in
the specimen of M. japonicus, in which they are best developed (U.S.
Nat. Mus., No. 96395), they are only 17™™ long, and at the same time
less markedly differentiated from the other feathers. The coloration
of these tufts, too, is more pronounced in. M. elegans, their inner webs
being more rusty and less mottled with dusky, while the outer webs are
more heavily marked with blackish.
The original label attached to the type specimen of M. elegans reads
as follows: “ En Mer. Cotes du Japon. Lat. 29° 17/00” N. Long.
126° 13’ 30” E. Mardi 2 Avril 1850. Yeux jaune serin,” and on the
under side of the stand is written: ‘‘ Eph. affinis. Verr. Mss. Japan,
J. B. W.,” and with lead-pencil, in Mr. Cassin’s handwriting: “ E. ele-
gans Cassin.”
Whether this bird is the same as H. glabripes of Swinhoe, as sup-
posed by Mr. Sharpe (Cat. B. Brit. Mus., 11, p. 87), I cannot say with
absolute certainty without a specimen of the latter, the more so since
his description does not specially mention the amount of feathering on
the tarsus, which in M. elegans is very much less than in M. lettia, of
which Mr. Sharpe makes it a subspecies. If glabripes has the character
assigned to “ lettia and allies” on p. 46, viz, “tarsi plumed to the base
of the toes, the feathering running some way down the middle and outer
toes, so that the junction with the tarsus is always hidden,” then elegans
is a bird toto celo different from that described by Swinhoe, for the dis-
tance between the feathering of the tarsus and the junction of the toes
with the tarsus is more than 5™”" in both specimens of WM. elegans.
Sharpe also describes the nuchal and cervical bands of the Chinese
specimens as much more distinct than foundin my birds. On the whole
I feel greatly inclined to doubt the identity of elegans and glabripes.
The individual variation in coloration of these owls being so enor-
mous, the following description does not enter into any considerable .
detail, only such points, being taken in as are deemed essential.
2 ad. (Oroku, Okinawa Shima; March 28, 1886. Coll. M. Namiye).—
Ground color of upper surface russet fading into Isabella-color on the
wings, and strongly tinged with ferruginous on crown and cervix, and
with hazel on the rump, all over minutely mottled with dusky, espe- |
cially dense along the shafts, the feathers on the middle of the crown
being nearly black with irregular ferruginous spots, while on some of
the feathers of the hind-neck the dusky mottlings are crowded into
irregular bars towards the tip, leaving the basal and central portion
nearly spotless, thereby forming a faintly indicated tawny band across
the cervix; most of the outer scapulars have the outer webs white,
slightly marked with tawny and with one or more large blackish spots
at the tip, thus forming a narrow longitudinal whitish bar on the shoul-
ders; two or three of the middle wing-coverts have also a large whitish
spot, more or less tinged with tawny, in the outer web; ear-tufts long,
each feather more or less solid blackish in the outer web and ferruginous
-1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 641
tawny in the inner, only the tips of the latter being mottled with dusky;
face whitish mottled with dusky and slightly tinged with tawny, all the
dusky mark being bordered with tawny ; a blackish semilune limits the au-
ricular region posteriorly ; ground color of the entire under surface, ex-
ceptthe legs, white with minute and delicate transversal dusky bars, each
of which are very narrowly edged with tawny ; near the middle line of
the body from the breast backwards the feathers are nearly immaculate
in the inner webs, forming a whitish median line; the dusky mottlings
join at the shafts of the feathers, covering throat and sides so as to form
more or less conspicuous shaft streaks; basal portion of all the feathers
strongly tinged with tawny, which is quite conspicuous on throat, fore-
neck, and sides; feathers of tibe and tarsi pale tawny, each feather
with a subterminal dusky bar; axillaries nearly uniform whitish with
a very pale tawny wash, under-wing coverts being colored more like
the legs; remiges and mene wing-coverts dusky with more or less dis-
tinct cross-bars of a dull cinnamon buff, which on the basal half of the
outer web of the second, third, and fourth primaries becomes nearly
whitish ; in the inner webs the brownish bands are moreor less mottled
with dusky, while inthe outer webs the dusky interspaces are similarly
mottled with the same color as the light bands; tail-feathers colored
similar to the wing-feathers, but the light cross-bars are proportionally
narrower and less well defined, especially towards the tip, their number
on the middle pair being about ten. Bill and feet, in the dried state,
dark horn blue, the former with the extreme tip whitish.
Lower part of tarsus naked for a distance of 6™™. First primary
slightly shorter than sixth; second intermediate between fourth and
fifth ; third and fourth equal and longest. Inner webs of first, second,
and third primaries abruptly sinuated ; outer webs of second, third, and
fourth gently sinuated.
The dimensions are included in the following:
Comparative table of measurements.
1. MEGASCOPS ELEGANS.
TEE
g | jel) |e El
Museum and | Collector and| © | |Sla| |$s| be
No. Nat Pa Locality. Date. Ig]. #S| & | Remarks.
& wo (22/218 S/o
ca SislsiZig ols
2 Sita) oko 5
a Faaae e
Pnilads Acad -|ssosecccecccess ad. | 29° 47’ N. lat. ; 126°) Apr. 2, 1850 |172/78)12/30) 20). -- Type.
‘ 13’ 30 E. long. | |
Educ. M., Tokio! Namiye......- 9 ad.! Oroku, Ohinave Mar. 28, 1886 |166'75/12/30} 22210) Stretch of
Shima. | 7 g 585.
| |
|
|
|
2. MEGASCOPS JAPONICUS.
U.S. Nat. 96308. Ringer, 182....|fad.| Nagasaki, Kiusin.| June 10, 1881 148 63/1 oles 18|...
Do. 96397.| Blakist., 2295 -|f ad.| Hakodadi, Yesso..| Sept. 16, 1877 |139 éil 9\25) 19}...
Do. 96395.| Blakist., 2076 .|f ad.|...... GOES: | Sept. 19, 1876 |147 67| 9.24) 18/168
Do. 96396.| Blakist., 2077 .|Q ad.|...... oteneee en as 1025) 181175
Do. 96394.) Blakist., 1514 .|9 ad.|...... aoe ides: 9 BIL ---
Proc. N. M., 86——41 Feb. 14, 1887.
Sept. 19, 1876 |145.70
Sept. 20, 1874 anes
642 BIRDS FROM LIU KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN.
Motacilla melanope PALL.
A male of this species collected at Napa, March 9, 1886, differs inno way
from other Japanese specimens except in having a rather strong wash
of green on the interscapilium. The throat is mixed white and black,
the feathers of the latter color still partly in their sheaths. The tail-
feathers are also moulting.
Total length, 190™™ ; stretch of wings, 260™" (according to the label).
Wing, 83™™; exposed culmen, 12™™; tarsus, 21™™; middle toe, with
claw, 18™™.
Hypsipetes pryeri, sp. n.
DraGn.—Similar to H. amaurotis TEMM., but somewhat smaller, with
a broad (about 12™™.) collar of burnt umber brown across the throat,
uniting the ear-patches, and with the gray of the under parts replaced
by raw umber; top of head darker, and rest of upper surface more oliva-
ceous.
TYPE.— 2 collected by M. Namiye at Napa, Okivawa Shima, March
8, 1886. 5
HABiITraT.—Okinawa Shima, Liu Kiu Islands, Japan.
This new species, which I take a pleasure in dedicating to Mr. Pryer
in recognition of his meritorious work in Japanese ornithology, is quite
distinct from the common Brown-eared Bulbul of Japan, and may at
once be distinguished from this species by the characters given in the
above diagnosis.
In some respects it comes nearer to the Bonin Shima bird, H. squami-
ceps KITTL., which sometimes, though, as shown by Dr. A. B. Meyer
(Zeitsch. Ges. Ornith., I, 1884, p. 211), quite erroneously, has been con-
sidered identical with the common Japanese bird. Dr. Meyer is not
correct, however, when asserting that the latter is materially inferior
in general size, for, as shown by the table of dimensions given below,
the average size of H. amaurotis is considerably larger than ‘the meas-
urements given by him. Unfortunately the only specimen of the Bonin ~
bird at my command is in a very poor condition, but then there are two
good plates by Kittlitz, and the comparative description by Dr. Meyer,
quoted above, which will assist us in pointing out the features by which
it differs from H. amaurotis proper and from H. pryeri.
It is then evident, both from Dr. Meyer’s measurements and my own,
that H. squamiceps has a comparatively longer tarsus than either of the
two other species; it furthermore possesses a broad dusky pectoral
band, very well represented in the original figure (Mém. Sav. Etr., I,
pl. xvi), and by Dr. Meyer described as a “ broad blackish pectoral band
not quite continuous in the middle.” In having the throat, fore neck,
and other under parts brown, and not gray, H. squamiceps agrees with
H. pryeri, but judging from my specimen of the former, this brownish
color is of a different tint, less yellowish than in the latter species.
In addition, I should remark that it may later on be expedient to
recognize the individuals breeding in Yesso as a distinct race, charac-
1886. ] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 643
“terized by the paleness of the flanks and the general lighter tone of the
under parts, but at present, with only two specimens from that island,
I refrain from naming it. I may also mention that a specimen from
Tate- Yama, collected by Jouy, October 28, agrees with the Yesso birds.
This would not invalidate the status of the latter as a distinct race,
‘since it may be presumed that in winter or during the migrations it
may occur in Hondo, especially on the western side. Additional speci-
mens from Yesso are therefore very desirable, in order to have the
question settled.
A specimen from Chusan, China (U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 85685), ac-
quired by Mr. Jouy at the Shanghai Museum, differs in no essential
from the typical Japanese H. amaurotis.
Comparative table of measurements.
1. HYPSIPETES PRYERI.
a) [a
ile halla
g | é i la
o
Museum and | Collector and} = Locality. Date! as | St oo
No. No. go @ |olgion|®
a wo] 8 | 2isietto
oS 4, | Silas =
4 ela lrg |S
DR Fla laa ia
See sleaa ns iocies| ONAMLYO.<--..': 9 ad.| Napa, Okinawa -...--. Mar. 8, 18867) 115 | 109 | ae 20 |270
2. HYPSIPETES SQUAMICEPS. *
U.S. Nat. 2108... Stimpson... | Wf | Bonin Islands ......-. | Ochi = 1854 125 | 118 |. 2 26 |...
*In regard to the measurements of this specimen, I may state that those of wing and tail feathers
are probably too low, owing to the poor condition of the feathers.
3. HYPSIPETES AMAUROTIS.
| a a
sill aires Se
é a eee
Museum and { Collector and a alae I E
; NT 5 No = Locality. Date. se lbh ea toe
. . a x oO 2 m | Ons
| a SOTA see econ ales
| 3 Bia\|FIEE
| an Flalalaa
U.S. Nat. 96279 | Ringer, 21.....!¢ ad.| Nagasaki, Kinsia BaGoo Jan. 1,1877| 128 | 115 | 24! 22! 23
' Do. 109346 | Namiye....... o ad. Sagami, Hondo .....-. Nov. 15, 1884 | 1383 | 120 | 24 | 22)'|.--.
Do. 88664 | Jouy, 502 -.... do ad.| Fuji, Hondo be aie July 13, 1882 | 130 | 119 | 26 | 21 23
| Do. 96280 | Blakist., 2154..| ad.| Hakodadi, Yesso.....- Feb. 12,1877 | 136 | 120 |....) 22 | 23
| Do. 109347 | Namiye....... 9 ad.| Sagami, Hondo ......- Nov. 15, 1884 | 123 | 112 |....| 22 | 22
i Do. 91325 | Jouy, 729 ..... 9 ad. Tate- Yama, Hondo -..| Oct. 28,1882 | 127 | 111 | 22 | 23 24
i Do. 96281 | Blakist., 2873..|2 ad.) Mororan, Yesso....... May 16, 1882 | 127 | 112 | 23 | 21 | 22
Do. 85685 | Jouy, 115 Seats 3 .-..| Chusan, China eietericer Feb. 23, 1875 | 139 | 121 | 25 | 22 23
ICOTURUS, gen. nov.
(e2x0S, e¢udt0S—=reasonable. )
Of the family Timaliida, as defined by Mr. R. B. Sharpe (Cat. B. Brit.
Mus.).
Bill rather long and slender, slightly hooked and notched at tip;
culmen straight to near the tip; gonys slightly convex, equal in length
to the distance from nostrils to tip; nostrils at the anterior end of the
644 BIRDS FROM LIU KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN.
nasal groove overhung by the membrane, oval and slightly oblique,
and removed from the feathering a considerable distance; bristles at
base of upper mandible tolerably well developed.
Wings short, rounded, and very concave; distance of secondaries
from tip of longest primary less than the length of the exposed culmen.
Taii much shorter than wing, slightly rounded.
Feet long; tarsus nearly twice as long as exposed culmen, rounded
behind, booted; toes long and slender, outer toe longer than inner;
hind toe long, with a strong curved claw.
TYPE.—Icoturus namiyei StEJNEGER.
The other species belongizg to this genus is Icoturus komadori (=Tem-
menick’s Sylvia komadori, = Hrithacus komadori of Seebohm in Cat. B.
Mus. V.). SofarasIcan see, these birds have nothing to do with the Tur-
dine, Lusciniine, or whatever that group may be called, which includes
the English Robin. The very concave wing apparently at once removes
them from that neighborhood and suggests ‘‘ Timaliine” relationship.
Another character by which Jcoturus differs from the true robins is the
remoteness of the nostrils from the frontal feathering, thereby also indi-
cating relationship with ‘‘ Timaliine” forms. True, the tarus is booted,
but, I think, in a somewhat different way from that of the Turdida, and
resembling that of the Enicuride (Stejneger, in Stand. Nat. Hist., IV, p.
489, 1885), in being rounded behind and not sharply edged. In fact, I
cannot see that it differs from the “aberrant Timaliine group” Enicuri
(or Henicuri, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., VII, pp. 312-3823), except by
the shape of the tail being slightly rounded instead of furcate. The
shape of the bill is identical; the wing rather more ‘Timaliine”; and
the tarsus and toes indistinguishable from the corresponding parts in the
Enicuri. As to the tail it should be remarked, that in the latter group |
its shape varies greatly from the deeply forked and very long tail of
Enicurus proper to the nearly square and short tail of Microcichla, from
which there is only a very short step to the slightly rounded tail of Ico-
turus. Evenin style of coloration the difference is not very great*, as
considerable similarity will be found between Jcoturus and Hydrocichla
ruficapilla (TEMM.), especially in the coloration of the anterior part of
the body. Unfortunately the first plumage of the [coturi is not known,
as that might go a long way in settling the question of their true rela-
tionship.
Icoturus namiyei, sp. nov.
DraGn.—Similar to J. komadori TEMM., but with the flanks and ax-
illaries uniform ashy, and the under wing-coverts ashy and rufous;
second primary equals the ninth, much shorter than the eighth; third
shorter than fourth, fifth, and sixth, which are longest.
*In coloration, however, the Icoturi very forcibly remind one of certain Formi-
eariide. Should color count for more than structure, then Jcoturus would come very
close to Myrmeciza longipes, from Panama, to which it has a most astonishing super-
ficial resemblance.
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 645
Typr.—U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 109474.
HABITAT.—Liu Kiu Islands.
The type of the present species, which I take the pleasure to name
after its discoverer, was collected by Mr. Namiye, at ‘ Nagogatake,
Liu Kiu,” apparently the same as Nago Take of Hassenstein’s map, a
mountain in the northern part of Okinawa Shima.
Icoturus namiyet is evidently closely related to J. komadori, but the
differences are so strongly marked that I feel no hesitation in describing
it as a distinct species, although having no specimen of the latter at
hand for direct comparison. The specimen before me is undoubtedly a
male in full adult plumage, so the differences cannot be,due to age or
season, the more so as the proportions also seem quite different. I take
Seebohm’s description of the type specimen of J. komadori (Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., v, p. 298) to be correct, and shall now give in tabular form
the characters by which J. namiyei differs from that description :
T.namiyei &% ad.
Flanks uniform ashy gray.
Under wing-coverts ashy gray, the outer webs
and the tips margined with rufous orange, simi-
lar to the color of the back.
Axillaries uniform ashy gray.
Bastard primary, 26.5m™.
Length of wing, 72™".
Lon gest tail-feathers, 52™™,
Tarsus, 29mm,
Wing with the fourth, fifth, and sixth primaries
nearly equal and longest; second primary about
equal to the ninth.
I. komadori ¢ ad.
“Flanks black; the feathers ofthe * * * upper
flanks margined Wathitw bites 6777 ea 2
“Under
white.”’
Wing- -coverts black, margined with
“A xillaries white, with, dark centers.”
“Bastard primary, 0.8 inch’? (=20.3™™).
‘*Length of wing, male, 2.9” (=73.7™™),
‘‘Tail, male, 1.9” (=48.3™™),
‘Tarsus, 1.02”’ (26™™).
‘‘Wing with the third, fourth, and fifth primaries
nearly equal and longest; second primary
about equal to the sixth.”
It will be seen that J. namiyet has the wing much more rounded, with
a longer first primary, and that while the other dimensions are nearly
the same, the tarsus is proportionately longer. I have not introduced
the length of the culmen in the above comparison, as I do not know
-how Mr. Seebohm measures it. The culmen is given by him as 0.68
inch (= 17.3™™); the “ exposed culmen” of my bird is 14", but from the
extreme cranial base the culmen measures 19™™, both measurements
differing considerably from Mr. Seebohm’s. I may also remark that
Mr. Seebohm describes the “‘ rest of the under parts” (except chin, throat,
breast, and flanks) as “ white,” while in my bird the tibiw are ashy
strongly suffused with rufous, and the under tail-coverts pale rusty.
DESCRIPTION.— ¢ ad.(U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 109474; Nagogatake, [iu
Kiu, March 21, 1886. Coll. M. Namiyie).—Entire upper side, including
wing-coverts, tail-coverts, and rectrices beautiful orange rufous, deep-
est on top of head, lightest on the ear-coverts; in the middle of the
forehead the rufous goes clear to the bill, but the sides of the forehead
are jet black like the lores, the anterior part of the supercilium, cheeks,
chin, throat, fore neck, and upper breast, the posterior outline of the
black on the sides of the upper breast being as abrupt and well defined
as in the middle; sides of body (the whole region covered by the folded
640 BIRDS FROM LIU KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN.
wings) and the axiilaries uniform ash gray, the latter slightly lighter; |
lower breast, abdomen, and crissum white, towards the sides washed —
with ashy; tibial feathers ashy suffused with rufous; under tail-coverts” ;
pale rusty; exposed portion of the remiges of a color similar to that
of the back, but inclining to burnt umber; inner webs dusky with pale
rusty edges. Bill jet black; legs horny, brownish gray. Total length,
according to Mr. Namiye, 152mm, and stretch of wing 241™™, Wing,
72™™; tail-feathers, 52™™; exposed culmen, 14™™; tarsus, 29™™; middle
toe with claw, 23™"; graduation of tail, 5™™. 7
Turdus naumanni TEMM.
An adult male, differing in no way from typical specimens of the
Red-tailed Thrush, was collected in Oroku, Okinawa Shima, March 28,
1886. The total length is given as 240™™; stretch of wing, 400™™,
Wing, 130™™; tail-feathers, 89™™; exposed culmen, 17™™; tarsus, 32™™;
middle toe with claw, 27™™.
Monticola solitaria (MULL.). J
An adult female from Napa, Liu Kiu, March 5, 1886 (U. S. Nat. Mus, °
No. 109473), in the gray plumage. This species was also collected at
Napa by the Rodgers Expedition, during the winter 1854-1855. A male
in chestnut plumage is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum
(No. 21146).—Cf. Petrocossypus manillensis, Cassin, Proc. Acad. Phila,
1862, p. 314.
Ianthia cyanura (PALL.).
A male in the olive plumage was collected at Nagogatake, Liu Kiu,
March 16, 1886 (U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 109475).
Chelidon namiyei, sp. n.
DraGn.—Similar to Chelidon javanica (SPARRM.), but considerably
larger, with the gloss of the upper surface more greenish, and the gray
of the under side purer; under tail-coverts margined with pure white.
Typr.—Coll. Namiye, Urassoimagiri, Okinawa Shima, Liu Kiu Islands,
March 11, 1886.
Haprrat. Liu Kiu Islands, Japan.
Tested by Mr. Sharpe’s “ Key” to the species of this genus (Cat. B.
Brit. Mus., x, p. 124), the present species would have to be sought for
in the section embracing “ rustica and allies,” viz, savignii, gutturalis,
erythrogastra, and tytleri, as far as length of wing is concerned, it being
about 4.60 inches in Ch. namiyet. It must be compared, however, with
the species following, which have the “ wing extending beyond the tips
of tail,” and “no band on the fore neck,” especially those with white
spots on thetail-feathers and with the under tail-coverts “smoky brown.”
Chelidon namiyet is at once distinguished from Ch. neorena by the
much shallower furcation of the tail, it being about 20™™ deeper in the
Australian species, which, in fact, has the tail nearly as furcate and
the outer tail-feathers quite as attenuated as Ch. gutturalis.
_ 1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 647
Our new species is much nearer related to Ch. javanica, from which,
however, it differs not only in size, being, as it is, considerably larger,
but also in coloration. The gloss of the upper surface is more green-
ish; the brown of the throat is more chestnut; the gray of the under
parts deeper and less tinged with rusty ; the under tail-coverts darker
and tipped with pure white margin not tinged with rusty, asin the
Javan bird. It should be remarked, however, that in the unsexed speci-
- men in the Philadelphia Academy, these tips are nearly white. The
tail of the present species is somewhat more fureate, but in spite of
this, the outer rectrices are less attenuated at the tip.
The following description of the type specimen is appended for the
-gake of completeness.
3 ad. (Urassoimagiri, Okinawa Shima, Liu Kiu, March 11, 1886. Coll.
M. Namiye). Above, except forehead and anterior portion of crown,
black with a strong gloss of steel-blue, somewhat inclining to greenish;
forehead and anterior half of the crown deep chestnut, the feathers of
the latter being bluish black in the center; lores deep velvety black ;
cheeks and lower ear-coverts, chin, throat, and fore neck bright tawny
hazel inclining slightly to cinnamon, and becoming somewhat lighter
towards the breast; upper half of the ear-coverts, sides of neck bluish
black, like the back, this color descending on the side of the breast,
forming a distinct semilune on each side, which partly separates the
hazel of the neck from the rest of the under surface, which is of a
nearly pure drab, each feather near the middle line ef the body broadly
though not very distinctly margined with whitish, the under tail-coverts
gradually becoming blackish towards the tip, which is broadly and dis-
tinctly margined with white; under wing-coverts and axillaries of a
drab color similar to that of the breast, but darker; wings and tail
above black witha faint gloss of steel green; the tail-feathers, except
the middle pair, with an oblique oval white spot in the inner web to-
wards the tips, those on the outer pair being the smallest.
Total length, according to Namiye, 145™™; stretch of wings, 325™™,
Wing, 118"™™; longest tail-feathers, 58™™; furcation of tail, 14™™; ex-
posed culmen, 8.5™™; tarsus, 10™™; middle toe with claw, 1o™™.
In order to better show the differences in size and proportions between
the present species and its two nearest allies I append the following
Table of comparative measurements.
1. CHELIDON NAMTYEI.
| beh ata
Sh | | jeier de 1s
Pollet een ak et her ero ie
Museum and No. c eer S| Locality. Date. (Si sict= ps
; g | w (2/58) s
x |e RaSs! 5
mn | PIS |RA |
“Tokio Educat. Mus.-..| Namiye...--. & ad. Urassoimagiti, Oki- 15) 14
Mar.11, rane 58 8. 5/10
| nhawa.
= a a
648 BIRDS FROM LIU KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN.
Table of comparative measurements—Continued.
2. CHELIDON JAVANICA.
| d| je [a
| | \8 | 2 | 3
or o|4) |e | &
Collector and | a | | g 18 | lg E | 5
Museum and No. | re Locality. { Date silo! je s| 2
No. Megat 8) Sidglen| B
| 38 te 2 pS csr Uh Res
| g S\Z|RIES |B
a JF\S|A ea |
} line ae itr 1” cl at = cee
Philad’a. Acad., 3; ..-| Verreaux sel Sal aN tee eee eee ieee ees 102) a a | 10
Mosse se soe leew dose lececie “Coupang”’, Java ..|.-...-.......- | | a) Catan liend
i aval i
3. CHELIDON NEOXENA.
j | | |
Philad'a. “Acad: --- -- - Gould, 1047 ... § ad.| Rottnest Isl., Austr.|...-...--.---. INT) 78) Ti salseee 34
Dore sbae = oe Gould, 1048 .-| 6 ad.| W.Austr. .--=-.-----)--- ee D7) 78h er apes | Sree oe
Daw ss ae ochecces Gould, 1049 ..| 6 ad.| V. Diem. Land ......|...........--. 10) 76)Se5|eal meee 36
Pak ete ee Gould, 1050 |.| 9 ad.|....do ....-.....c0-- a ee 108| 71 “|. 28
\ | l
Ampelis japonicus (SIEB.).
A male, collected in Liu Kiu, March 26, 1886 ,U. 8S. Nat. Mus., No.
109477), is identical with specimens from Japan proper. its total length,
as given on the label, is 187™™"; stretch of wing, 330™™.
Pericrocotus tegime, sp. noy.
DIAGN.—Similar to P. cinereus, but with a very bread and distinct
pectoral band of a dark ashy, and without light edges or margins to
the remiges and their upper coverts: tertiaries uniform blackish in
both webs.
TypE.—U. 5S. Nat. Mus., No. 109476.
HaAsitrat.—Liu Kiu, Japan.
The discovery of this very distinct species of Pericrocotus is most in-
teresting, and it affords me great pleasure to dedicate it to the dis-
tinguished director of the Educational Museum at Tokio, Mr. S. Tegima,
to whose zeal we are indebted for many of our most important acces-
sions.
Two specimens, both males, collected March 11 and 12, 1886, by Mr.
Namiye, on Okinawa Shima, agree in every particular and prove beyond
doubt the great distinctness of the form.
Two adult males of the so-called P. cinereus, from the Main Island of _
Japan, are also in the collection, affording good material for comparison
with a male collected by Mr. Jankovski in Ussuri. A specimen of the
nearly allied P. cantonensis is also at hand.
The first result of a careful comparison is, that the male Japanese
birds differ from the Ussuri specimen in the following points:
1. The black on head and upper neck also occupies the upper inter-
scapilium, not contrasting so abruptly with the ashy of the back, which,
besides, is darker and more blueish.
2. The bill and feet are proportionately larger.
ne. \
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 649
I shall designate the Japanese bird as Pericrocotus japonicus (Type
U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 109349), taking the mainland bird to be the true
P. cinereus. This name, however, was based on a female from the
Philippine Islands, consequently on a bird with gray head, and it is,
therefore, impossible to determine from his description whether the
name belongs to the Japanese or the Continental form, the more so since
he gives no other measurements than those of total length and tail. A
direct comparison with the type will be necessary to settle the question
beyond doubt. In the meantime I feel justified in retaining P. cinereus
for the form which has been so designated by most writers, and espe-
cially by Mr. R. B. Sharpe in his valuable Catalogue of Birds in the
British Museum (vol. Iv, pp. 83, 84).
Pericrocotus tegime, as the following comparison with P. cinereus and
P. japonicus will show, is, perhaps, the most distinct and best-defined
species of the group containing the gray Pericrocoti. It will be observed
that only such characters have been included in the above diagnosis,
which probably apply to the females as well as to the males.
The males of P. tegime differ from the males of P. cinereus and P.
japonicus :
(1) By having the whole crown bluish black, only leaving a narrow
white band on the forehead and a short superciliary stripe white, while
in the two last-named forms the white covers the whole forehead and
anterior half of the crown.
(2) By the bluish black of the upper head and neck not ending ab-
ruptly, but gradually becoming lighter backwards over all the upper
parts which are much darker than in any of the allied species.
(3) By having the entire upper surface of the wing uniform blackish,
with the exception of a small but well defined white speculum at the
base of the outer secondaries, while the other forms have the bases of
the primaries and secondaries as well as the outer webs of the tertia-
ries ashy, and the latter margined with more or less white, while all the
coverts, except primary coverts, are bordered with gray.
(4) By possessing no trace of the white speculum on the outer web
of the sixth primary.
(5) By having the lower fore neck and upper breast dark ashy, in
strong contrast with the white of the throat, upper fore neck, and middle
lower breast and abdomen, while in the allied forms the whole under
surface is pure white.
(6) By having the under side of the shafts of the four central tail-
feathers black, these being white in P. cinereus and P. japonicus.
(7) By having comparatively much shorter wings than either of the
two other forms.
In view of this comparison, extending over nearly all the essential
parts, a detailed description of P. tegimw is deemed unnecessary in the
present connection. I may remark that both specimens are precisely
alike, except that in the specimen now in the U.S. National Museum
(the type) the white on the forehead is somewhat broader, it being only |
a very narrow line in the one sent for examination.
650 BIRDS FROM LIU KIU ISLANDS, JAPAN.
Comparative table of measurements.
P. TEGIMZ.
gla/| is | x
a a] Sle) Ee Vale
a | Collectorand | = 18/2) 8 | leg| miss
Museum an ollector an = Locality. Tate Sioalg|.jesla 2
No. No. > l3/ 3 | alosg|—= |ag
a - |, a S lO} a)
S we] 2) & jeg" leg
: Bla|@| as |ge |S
a Fa | A} A RA |B
ww ALT enn on eee | ae
U.S. Nat. 109476 i aeeuye Ebpeas 6 ad.| Liu Kiu ........ Mar. 11, 1886 | 87, 9612 (10 16| 16.. is
Se eeceaee es ee sO Olsinamemere 6 ad.| Chatanmagiri, | Mar. 12,1886} 83) 9613 (10 (15) 17 200/18
Okinawa. | | |
P. JAPONICUS.
U.S. Nat. 109349 Harsye Raaacee 4 ad.| Amagi, Idzu....| May 1,1885| 99 95 12. | 9.5 |16) 18].../18.5
U.S. Nat. 109348). ...do ...-.-.... A OG. o=--d0 So. .52 22 May 6,1885 |100/10112.5)10 {16} 19).. ./18.5
U.S. Nat. 88656 ae. Biel fees OO ad.| Muy So. -eeece oe July 2,1882| 96) 9512 | 9.7516) 17|-..|18
U.S. Nat. 91382) Jouy, 628 ..-..- djun. Ghnsenit Lake. .| Aug. 27, 1882 | 96 eee 9 He 17|...|18
P. CINEREUS.
|
Sidenij, Ussuri..| May 13, 1884 951 91/11 | 8 /|14) 16)...|/16
ca
U.S. Nat. 10sso2 J ankovski1769 6 ad. |
Parus castaneoventris GOULD.
A female apparently belonging to this form, originally described from
Formosa, and hitherto only known from that island, was collected at
Nagogatake March 16, 1886. It is smaller than typical P. varius; it
has only a few rufous feathers adjoining the black of the hind neck
instead of a large triangular spot; and the creamy spot just behind the
black of the fore neck is only faintly indicated. The flanks are also con-
siderably paler than in the Hondo bird. Unfortunately I have no For-
mosa skin to compare it with, but in the points referred to it agrees
with the descriptions of Gould and Swinhoe. The dimensions, how-
ever, are slightly in excess of those given by these authors, being, in
fact, intermediate between typical birds of both species.
Comparative table of measurements.
PARUS VARIUS.
al |
fea ie
Museum and Collector and ep Z 8 gy =
a i +l a
aa! No. 3 Locality. Date. ae 3 Zed 2
a i./Sla|s =
a Fiaiagieia ja
|
U.S. Nat. 91344..| Jouy, 831 .--.-. 3 oF Tate Yama, Hondo .....--.- Dec. 3, 1882 |76 54/12/20) 20}...
U.S. Nat. 91343..| Joay, 827 ....- O\ads ooo OOie atin seo eee eee | Dec. 1, 1882 |79 54/11/20) 20)...
A Mak NORGE 5... wo evan cos 19 ad_| Amagi, Idzu ..........- ----| May 2) 1885 (2 48 als) 1 -
|
PARUS CASTANEOVENTRIS.
U.S. Nat. 109478..| Namiye.-.....-. | Qad.| Nagogatake, Liu Kiu....... | Mar. 16, 1886 ov 4812207 saan
—~—
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 651
Spinus spinus (LIn.).
A pair collected at Napa, March 5 (U. S. Nat. Mus., Nos. 109479,
109480), concludes the list of species which were sent from these inter-
esting islands.
Of this species I have only two more Japanese male birds for com-
parison with eight European males. In the former the black cap seems
to reach further down on the hind neck than in the western birds. Addi-
tional Japanese specimens are, therefore, desirable, as with the present
series I do not feel justified in Separating the eastern bird.
WATER-BIRDS OF JAPAN.
By T. W. BLAKISTON.
If for no other reason, the publication in Bulletin No. 29 of the United |
States National Museum (Washington, 1885), of Mr. Stejneger’s careful -
study of the birds of Kamtschatka and the adjacent Commander Islands,
demands a further revision of the Japan list,* especially among the
water-birds, so many of which are common to the two countries. With-
out any desire to anticipate Mr. Stejneger in those valuable contribu-
tions to the ornithology of Japan that he is now engaged upon, and
which are appearing in successive papers in the Proceedings of the
United States National Museum, entitled “ Review of Japanese Birds,” t
it is, on the contrary, with his full concurrence and assistance that the
present list and notes are given, with a view perhaps as much to exhibit
the deficiencies in our information, and thereby draw the attention of
working ornithologists in Japan to questions which can only be solved
through their exertions, as to bring up to date our positive knowledge
on the subject.
Of the two tables here given, the first includes all the water-birds of
Japan, embracing the Kurils, Bonins, and other outlying islands, so far
_as at present known. The total, inclusive of some doubtful records, is
94, of which about one-third are fresh-water species. The table has
been. arranged in four columns, in order to exhibit at a glance the
geographical regions to which the birds belong, or rather their range;
those under circumpolar being common to both the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans, or the Eurasian and American continents; palzarctic,
being found on both sides, or extending across the Old World; Eastern
Asiatic, confined to the eastern part of that continent; and Pacific, such
as occur on both the eastern and western shores of that ocean, but not
elsewhere.
While Japan exhibits a fair share in the water-birds which range
around the arctic and north-temperate region, as shown in the first
column, those belonging to the Eurasian continent and its waters, which
the second and third columns taken together embrace, outnumber by
one-half such as reach the American continent enumerated in the fourth
column. This, from the position of the Japan Islands, is what might
have been expected when fresh-water and marine species are taken
together; but when a separation is made it will be found that this pre-
ponderance is due entirely to the great proportion of fluviatile or fresh-
* See (1) Catalogue of the Birds of Japan, Ibis, 1878; (2) Catalogue of the Birds of
Japan, Trans. As. Soc. Japan, viii, 1880 ; (3) Catalogue of the Birds of Japan, Trans.
As. Soc., Japan, x, 1882; (4) Amended List of the Birds of Japan, London, January,
1884.
t Sec. 1, The Woodpeckers, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 1886, p. 99, et seq.
652
‘
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 653
water palwarctic species, while Pacific forms largely predominate
among the sea-birds proper. Indeed, there are but four or five of the
American species which can be considered fluviatile, even by stretching
that term, and one of them, Anser albifrons gambeli, is a sub-species at
best. On the other hand, of birds of the Atlantic, and not cireumpolar,
but three gulls reach Japan, and one of these may possibly prove to be
-an Eastern representative of the true European species. The rest are
peculiar to the Pacific Ocean, two-thirds of them being found on its
American side. We thus see that so far as the water-birds are con-
cerned Japan is, in its fresh-water inhabitants, Eurasian, and in its
marine, Asio-Pacific. We learn nothing from this result, however, but
that Japan is in its right place, or rather that, considering its position,
its water-ornis is as it should be.
The second table, prepared so far as materials at hand will permit,
exhibits the distribution of sea-birds peculiar to the North Pacific.
The middle column, which enumerates those whose range extends across
that ocean, is really no more than column four of the other table—the
fresh-water species being omitted—with one bird in addition inhabiting
the peninsula ot Kamtschatka, which is not as yet knownin Japan. Itis
‘instructive in that it shows that the most northern species are nearly all
found on both sides, as might have been expected, owing to the near ap-
proach of the two continents in the north and their wide divergence south-
wards, while of the southern there are, when distinct, usually allied species
representing the absent ones, and forming a corresponding marine avi-
fauna. This, although not strictly true, is sufficiently so for general
comparison; therefore it has been considered as well to make the fol-
lowing notes of reference, not only to draw attention to the exceptions,
but to give the authorities for some of the determinations of species
and sub-species which now stand under names differing from these
hitherto used in published lists of Japan birds.
It will be observed that the number of birds peculiar to the American
coast is more than double those of the Asiatic side. This is, perhaps, in
great part due to the ornithology of the former having been much more
fully worked up than that of the western side; for when we consider
the extensive range in latitude of the Japanese Islands, from Cape
Lopatka, at the extremity of Kamtschatka, to the Liu-Kius and Bonins,
on the verge of the tropics, it cannot be doubted that there is a great
field for zoological research, well worthy of more particular investiga-
tion than has yet been bestowed upon it.
So far Japan has been spoken of as a whole, and, while it has not
been considered necessary to analyze very particularly the outside
range of its water-birds, as those of Kamtschatka, which so nearly agree,
have been fully gone into by Mr. Stejneger in his ‘‘ Conclusions,” form-
ing Part III of his “ Ornithological Explorations,”* it may be as well
*Bull. No. 29, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1885, pp. 332-359.
654 WATER-BIRDS OF JAPAN.
to remind readers of this paper that the chain of islands forming that
country politically, can by no means be considered so homogeneous zo00-
logically ; nor would it bein reason to do so, even did we not know that
while the resident fauna of the main or middle island is, to a consider-
able extent peculiar, that of Yezo is mostly Siberian, while the Bonins
and Liu-Kius produce some local forms, in the latter mingled with For-
mosan or Chinese. Moreover, we find an indication of some degree of
peculiarity attaching to the southwestern portion of the main island and
Kitshiu, which adjoins it, with a trace—in birds, at least—of Chinese.
Besides this, it is noticeable that some migratory birds—non-oceanic—
have been found on the Kurils and Yezo, but not on the main or south-
ern islands; and as these are species which summer in Kamtschatka and
winter in China, their non-oceurrence south of the Strait of Tsugaru
might indicate a line of migration across the Sea of Japan from Yezo
to the mainland of the continent, possibly an ancient migration route.
This seems, however, far from probable, for we know of other birds
which do migrate along the Kurils (from Kamtschatka?) which pass
through the whole of Japan. Mr. Stejneger has enlarged upon the ab-
sence of certain Japan birds in Kamtschatka, and the occurrence there
of continental species unknown in Japan (speaking, of course, of migra-
tory birds), and he is no doubt right in believing that the bare volcanic
Kurils would not be a favorite route for many kinds. In addition, it
must be borne in mind that such a line is not a direct route northwards
from Japan, for the Kurils stretch off northeastward, while a due north
line runs from Yezo, through Sakhalin, to the mouth of the Amur, and
is over wooded land. This would be the most natural one, even sup-
posing the Kuril Islands to have existed from a remote geological
period, which is contrary to the opinions held by geologists. More-
over, Mr. Stejneger has shown it to be probable that certain birds reach
Kamtschatka from the region south of Lake Baikal, while some others
which pass along the western shore of the Okhotsk Sea do not pene-
trate Kamtschatka, but continue their journey north and east of it,
because it is a peninsula with its point to the southward. Itis probable,
therefore, that few birds take the line of the Kurils as a migration route,
although this is, from the scanty material at hand, little more than spec-
ulation, and should not perhaps have been entered into, save to draw
the attention of collectors to the necessity of securing specimens from
all localities and submitting them for careful identification, in order that
those finely-drawn characters which sometimes distinguish races of the
same species may be discovered, and lead to precise conciusions on the
interesting subjects of migration and distribution. ;
ne ae
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1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 657
REFERENCES FROM TABLE OF SEA-BIRDS PECULIAR TO THE NORTH PACIFIC,
(a) In Japan, only on Yezo and the Kurils.
(b) In Japan, only on the Kurils.
(c) In Japan, only on Yezo and the Kurils.
(d) In Japan, only on the Kurils.
(e) Has not been found north of Yezo in Japan, and was not obtained by Mr.
Stejneger in Kamtschatka, though he has included it in his ‘‘ Synopsis of the Birds re-
ported to inhabit Kamtschatka” (Bull. U. S. National Museum, No. 29, 1885), on the
authority of Dr. Dybowski. On the American coast it breeds as far south as Cali-
fornia, ranging to Lower California in winter.—A. O. U. Check List, p. 78.
(f) This, like the preceding species, is only found in Japan, in Yezo and the south, ©
and is not included in the Kamtschatkan list. It was given in the ‘‘American Orni-
thologists Union Check List” as “from Washington Territory northward,” but this it
appears was an error which has been pointed out by Mr. Stejneger (vide antea, p. 524).
The nearly allied species S. antiquus is a more northern bird.
(g) Japan collections contain no examples from the Kurils, and Mr. Stejneger missed
this species at the Commander Islands. He has lately, however, received a bird from
Kamtschatka which he considers B. perdix PALL., which hitherto has been used as a
synonym of B. marmoratus, and he believes Japan specimens will be referable to that
species.
(h) Mr. Stejneger considers the record of this species too uncertain to include it as
an inhabitant of Kamtschatka. B. craveriand B. hypoleucus are both southern species,
and not likely to occur on the Asiatic side.
(i) Cepphus carbo seems, as Mr. Stejneger remarks, ‘‘to be restricted to a very lim-
ited area.” Its occurrence on theeastern shore of Kamtschatka is uncertain, while in
Japan it is only determined with certainty on Yezo, all Kuril specimens being C.
columba.
(j) (4) These are both of somewhat uncertain determination in Yezo and the Kurils,
some specimens having been referred to Briinnich’s Guillimot of the Atlantic, and
lately Mr. Seebohm (‘‘ Ibis,” 1885, p. 364) mentions ‘‘an almost complete series” of
intermediate forms. Mr. Stejneger’s conclusions on his Bering Island examples, how-
ever, leave no doubt as to the two Pacific sub-species being there.
(1) Of this cormorant Mr. Seebohm says (‘ Ibis,” 1885, p. 271): ‘“‘I have skins of
five adults, besides those of several immature birds. The dated adults are Amoy,
February ; Amoy, April; Hakodadi, February * * *. Like the Common Cormorant, it
has fourteen tail-feathers, but it is a slightly larger bird; the gorget is profusely
streaked with greenish black, and the scapulars and wing-coverts are bronzy green,
narrowly margined with black, as in the Shag.”
(m) (n) Both these species were obtained by Mr. Stejneger on the Commander
Islands, and are included in the Japan list. P. perspicillatus PALL. has been omitted,
as Mr. Stejneger considers it exterminated from those islands.
(0) This species should possibly not figure in a list of peculiar North Pacific birds,
depending, as it does, only on a single specimen obtained on Yezo. It is represented
on the American Pacific coast by Fregata aquila (L1NN.), which also inhabits the
Atlantic.
(p) This has appeared in Japan lists until now as L. delawarensis ORD and L. niveus
PaL.., but Mr. Stejneger, after a critical examination and comparison of his speci-
mens collected in Kamtschatka, arives at this name as the correct one, saying: ‘‘ This
Asiatic form isin some respects intermediate between delawarensis and californicus.”
(q) Mr. Stejneger believes the Japan bird No. 70 to be the Pacific representative
of L. marinus of the Atlantic, described by him from Kamtschatka in The Auk, 1284, p.
231, as L. schistisagus, which occurs also in Alaska.
(r) The Pacific Kittiwake, pointed out by Mr. Stejneger as a sub-species from Kam-
tschatka, includes that of the Pacific American coast, and doubtless that of Japan.
Proc. N. M., 86 Ao Feb. 25, 1887.
658 WATER-BIRDS OF JAPAN.
The Red-legged Kittiwake, 2. brevirostris, was also obtained by him on Bering Island,
but has not been collected in Japan.
(s) This name is retained on the Japan list pending an absolute decision as to
whether it is the young of D. albatrus.
(t) Japan specimens only from the Kurils, consequently Mr. Stejneger’s sub-specific
name for his Commander Islands birds has been adopted.
(uw) (v) In Japan not farther north than Yezo.
(w) In Japan specimens from the Kurils only.
(x) This is the only Shearwater recorded from Kamtschatka. In Japan it has been
found only on the Middle Island.
(y) The three Shearwaters here given as confined to the American coast, are all
southern species.
It may be as well, perhaps, also to append hereto some few notes re-
ferring to species not appearing in the second table, rendered necessary
by the progress of ornithological research.
In the first place the Razor-bill (Alca torda Linn.) of the Atlantic has
hitherto headed the Japan lists as “ No. 1,” but as it rests solely on the
authority of the ‘ Fauna Japonica,” and is otherwise unrecorded from
the Pacific, it is now omitted.
No. 10. The Sooty Guillemot, while confined to the Asiatic side of the
Pacific, is unrepresented by a corresponding species on the American
coast, unless we consider Cepphus mandtii (LIcHT.) of the Arctic regions,
found in Alaska, as taking its place, which is doubtfully included among
the birds ot Kamtschatka. (See Stejneger’s “‘ Results,” Bull. U.S. Na-
tional Museum, No. 29, 1885.)
No. 14. The Grebes are poorly represented in Kamtschatka by C. au-
ritus and C. holballii, whivh Mr. Stejneger considers only as occasional
stragglers at the Commander Islands. In Japan no specimens have
been obtained on the Kurils or other outlying islands.
No. 21. An authentic specimen of Olor bewicki has been collected in
Japan by Mr. Jouy. Mr. Stejneger obtained a young Swan on Bering
Island which he has placed as the North American O. columbianus (ORD) =
americanus Sharpless.
No. 22. Mr. Stejneger remarks (Bull. U. S. National Museum, No. 29,
1885): “The state of things in regard to the species of geese of Eastern
Asia is in a deplorable condition.” So far as Japan is considered this
cannot be gainsaid. In the first place A. segetum was identified by
Swinhoe (‘ Ibis,” 1875, p. 456), but it was always believed that there
was a larger form also in Japan, as well as in China, where Swinhoe in-
cluded it in his “ Revised Catalogue” (P..Z. S., 1871) as var. serrirostris.
Mr. Stejneger seems convinced that the two forms do exist, and attrib-
utes specimens now in the United States National Museum collected by
him at Bering Island to the larger, which he decides to be A. segitum
middendor ffi Severz. (= A. grandis Midd.), although he hesitates to in-
clude Swinhoe’s serrirostris. In the present list, therefore, a number
has been intrepolated as 225? to represent the larger form in Japan.
No. 232. The Pink-footed Goose as an inhabitant of Japan rests only
on an identification made by Swinhoe (‘“ Ibis,” 1875, p. 456), of a speci- |
1886.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED SI'ATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 659
men which is missing (‘Amended List of the Birds of Japan,” London,
January, 1884). j
No. 24. In the present list this name has been changed, and appears
in the fourth column, as Mr. Stejneger has identified his specimen from
Bering Islands so; and he remarks: ‘Schlegel has already pointed
out that the Japanese white-fronted geese belong to the large American .
form” gambeli, which, however, he says can be considered “only a race
or sub-species of albifrons, while the latter may be regarded as specifi-
cally distinct from erythropus.” The examination of a large number of
specimens will be necessary before a point like this can be decided, as
both forms may occur in Japan.
No. 26. It may be that this species will have to be split up into two
races according to size, as with the White-fronted and Bean Goose.
No. 35. There is little to remark on the true fresh-water ducks, but
it may be mentioned that Nos. 31, 32, 33, and 34 are not known from
Kamtschatka, and 40 and 42 are somewhat doubtful, while but a single
species, Mareca americana (GMEL.), outside the Japan list, has occurred,
which Mr. Stejneger considered a storm-blown bird that he found dead
on Bering Island.
No. 44. This duck is considered the representative in Eastern Asia
of the Lesser Scaup of North America, while No. 43 is the true Large
Scaup of the Palearctic Region, represented in America by A. marila
nearctica, given a sub-specific distinction by Mr. Stejneger. In this
division of the ducks, Nos. 44, 46, and 47 of the Japan list are wanting
in Kamtschatka. On the other hand, the Bufile-headed Duck, C. albeola
(Linn.), of the American continent, the Pacific Eider S. v-nigra (GRAY),
and the King Eider, S. spectabilis (LINN.), which are found on the penin-
sula or the adjacent Commander Islands, are unknown in Japan. It
should be noted likewise that, although Nos. 50 and 51 are on the Japan
list, they are confined to the north, the former not having been found
south of Yezo, while the only examples of the latter are from the Kuril
Islands.
No. 52. Regarding the Scoters inhabiting the eastern coasts of Asia,
the black-winged sub-genus may be disposed of by saying that the Amer-
ican species, O. americana (Sw. & Ricu.), is that found in Japan and
Kamtschatka, 0. nigra (LINN.) of Europe not having occurred. The
Surf Scoter, Oidemia (Pelionetta) perspicil'ata (LINN.), may also be
got out of the way by mentioning that it has not been found on the
western shores of the Pacific. There remain, therefore, the two white-
winged species, placed in the sub-genus Melanitta, but known as Oide-
mia fusca (LINN.) and deglandi BoNAP. (=velvetina CASSIN), the specific
distinction between which is limited (?) to a slight difference in the bill.
While the first is European, with accidental (?) occurrence on the Amer-
ican continent, the other is North American, unknown in Europe. The
question is what are the East Asiatic birds, and do they embrace both
species? Mr. Stejneger has, without hesitation, referred his Bering Isl-
660 WATER-BIRDS OF JAPAN.
and specimens to O. deglandi, and has also done the same with an example
in the U.S. National Museum from Shanghai. In China, Swinhoe con-
sidered O. fusca as the common species there, while he notes a single
specimen of the American form as an exception (‘ Ibis,” 1875, p. 457).
At the same time he determined Japan examples as O. fusca, and Mr.
Whitely’s specimens were likewise so placed (‘ Ibis,” 1867, p. 208).
Other authorities for O. fusca in Kast Asia are quoted by Mr. Stejneger
in his *‘ Results of Ornithological Explorations,” p. 176, and he remarks:
The probability then being that the latter (O. fusca) occurs more to the north-
ward and along the western shore of the Okotsk Sea to China, while O. deglandi
reaches from Alaska across the Aleutian chain to Kamtschatka, the Kurils, and Japan,
where it winters and meets O. fusca proper, sometimes even traveling as far as China,
while, on the other hand, a stray individual of O. fusca occasionally finds its way to
Alaska.
Careful comparison of further examples from Japan is necessary to
clear up this question.
No. 54. Respecting the Mergansers it is only necessary to note that
all those known in Japan are inhabitants of Kamtschatka; but only one
reaches the American shore.
No. 62. This is the representative in Eastern Asia of S. minuta LINN.
of Europe. The North Pacific is rather scantily supplied with Terns,
but Mr. Stejneger obtained the Arctic Tern, S. paradisea BRUNN. (=
macrura NAUM.),in Kamtschatka, which consequently ought to occur in .
Japan.
No. 65. This gull, which is so abundant in Japan, has not occurred in
Kamtsehatka, nor does it frequent any part of the American coast, so
that it is probably confined to the temperate and semi-tropical parts
of Eastern Asia, being, according to Swinhoe, ‘a common winter gull
on the South China coast.”
No. 73. In addition to the lettered references to the second table as to
the gulls, it will be only necessary to say that Japan and Kamtschatkan
specimens of ZL. ridibundus have been compared and found to agree by
Mr. Stejneger, who seems inclined to share the opinions of Cassin and
Middendorff, that the Eastern bird is larger than the European.
No 75. The three Skuas found in Japan, which are circumpolar
birds, are recorded by Stejneger and Dybowski, from Bering and Cop-
per Islands, off the coast of Kamtschatka.
No. 80. The two Stormy Petrels in the Japan list were the only species
found by Mr. Stejneger at Bering and Copper Islands.
LONDON, OHIO, November 5, 1836.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
[Pages in heavy type contain important references. ]
A.
Page.
Abacatuaja .-.......-----2---------- +--+ 37
Abadejo—Mycteroperca falcata-..-.--..---- 39
Abbott, A. N., sent fulgurites...---------- 83, 84
E. L,, described fulgurites .85, 86, 87, 88, 89
sent fulgurites.-....-.-.----- 83, 84
Abejarruco coccyzus Sp .------------------ 162
Abejero tyrannus Sp ---.------------------ 155
Abispero myiarchus sp ------------------- 155
tyrannus Sp -..-.-.-------------- 155
PP Mara ae sea ce asco sccm acinicn(= am -\-=\<'-1=/=i=1~ 180
Acanthinula harpa....-.-.----------------- 219
Acanthocybium petus...--.--------------- 36, 574
EMEC Nal acasoacsesokodcGs 36, 574
Acanthodoris pilosa. ..--...--.-------- 209, 210, 217
Acanthogaster ..-..-...---....---------=-- 245 |
Acanthostracion polygonius....-..--..----- 604
quadricorne ........--..-- 54
Acanthurid® .-......0.-.---.------------- 594
Of Havanaees.\sl---< soe esis 48
PAGE IDI ste atetelafeinsieteiain'= aja! -1e== nla el === 48
pbreviSmeeeees ceee sess esate 48, 594
CDITOLEUS sar see cela aol 48, 594
CeBrnleustsssaset ta yee amelie 48, 594
hepabus)ss << sone cece ne nee AS, 594
phlebotomus......---------.-- 48, 594
TLACtHIS: sa-k = see ancien 48, 594
PANG Aenetee e aia eeiaaelo = aloe lo lan em in wl~ininim 48, 592
fuscomaculata ..-....----.---------- 48
Accipiter velox .......--.------+---------- 168
Acédia-Aphoristia plagiusa ...-..-----.--- 53
Acentrogobius ..-..-.-----------+---------- 487
Acephala from Labrador .-...-------------- 207
wAtceste WOlligierai-e = s\<<s0 om ome =m 290
PA chirus/ACDILUS) 2 2s5 sence cmiecc a= -- ne es)- = 602
HADES Sorat eedssssadarcsios 30
DLaAChiMisessac ccc s cece seinen a= 608
COMIOL ae mele ace aaa ii 608
QTONOVII ......-------eenee------- 602
SNSCLIPGUS oo epee acetate == ae 602
Maculipinnis--sccosse cece acne e 602
Ome esasedsass ces oscneasssuans 54
Acipenser brevirostrum.......------------ 26
Acmea pelta........--------00--0--------- 211, 217
testudinalis .....-.. Bete eta seas 206
Paki ae somes 214, 217
var. patina..........-- 211
Acmide from Labrador..--..--.---------- 206
CTO ene a aes ae sale paisa ninenictelalee === 382
CHUM Lae neta eae se = aeeenie ate 382
‘Acredula caudatus..--.sssse esse seine siscinele 386
MACTUTA Soe ee reese eeieeee 286
OBO pe oe ence ee ee sewineieras eteralalere 383, 384
DULLVIT Cabal sacha ace elos 384
PUVA Sabai a ciataiee = aj! Sole mele 384
IACRONULUS soe eh eee oe oes aie aelaeeiataiaina a aarate 594
CALNCUST Ceace ase enenes nical 48, 594
cmernleainsie=a- sees. esc ce aaa 48, 594
MIPTIOULUS eae ae cmeelet a aiaite claiate 48, 594
INCIASIs eee nee eee aerate cine ASS, 429, 430
(anaes e eee eee es seems eee ree sates 429
Ver UC UY IND dere cise sae sae ialalelale 429
Actinotrichia, atrophy of..---..--------.-- 75
coalescence of.-....---.--.-- 75
development of ....----.--- 75
first. proposed.............- 71
PGHIGIS NAC IALIA sain sisieciniemioe ea/=aatalaley= 628
| Actodromas maculata..............-.--.-- 628
BAT AIT S eo eelee erecta isiate orale <icleia Slate isistetelsteletei es 304
WAST UN Ue eer semis ae eee ese emer 213, 214
Adelphicos quadrivirgatus.--...--.-------- 190
Adipose fins, development of.--...-..----- 79
theory of survival of.....- me 72
INEM OLE! = cis eee ms eeles= a5 mca tes see 298, 299
COUtHOUYE Poa so saws ae eceewe ae LoORaOo
CLISPa eee nsec semester 298
MiddendortiaMa = siecle s se lemiataielares 297
WilutUlt eases Seseneaeccohstoshssssrc 298
Wavy leovioliees s<seecesmecs 298
ZEchmophorus occidentalis ....--.-------- 179
Agitalitis semipalmata ...--..--.--------- 627
MOCILOLOUS I ee pean ene ea areas 178
Negithalos.2- 2 <=. === - << === nile eisai == 382, 383
(pee Aeaseceadcuadsaaks toa: 386
measurements ..---.-- 386
CUTOPLUS ..----------------0--- 383
OPUVIN GAGS = oes ata eee melee 384
Abgithalos.....--...------------------+----- Bot
CaudatuSme-sseeseesee ee 384, 385, 387
Macrurus ....---.----- 386
e@UurOpeuUS.-....---------------- 384, 386
measurements. --.---- 3386
PELVALS BGS oe wie oeisllaetate = ateleis «tm 384, 385
measurements --...-- 385
Aegithalus.-........-.-.------------------ 382, 387
caudatus.--...-.---- Eee enateeets 386
pendulinus....--.-------------- 382
ZEgithalus consobrinus ...----------+------ 388
pendulinus.....---------------- 388
pendulinus?.....-.------------- 387
661
662
Page.
Aegythalus ..........----20-seeee- eee e eee 382
ZElurichthys bagre...--------0+-----+----- 559
longispinis -......---.-.----- 559
ANATINUS fe cea omen cele ta em 26, 559
Holidia papillosa .......----------+-+----- 210, 217
ZHstrelata fisheri.....-.--.--.---++-------- 656
Hess tata. o-.scc.2F- ee ee a eoee 95,96
pheopygia..-.-.---------------- 96
sandwichensis ....--..---.----- 95, 96
Agachona—Gallinago sp .----------------- 178
Agama cornuta . .-..---.--------2+++-++--- 194
Agassiz, Alexander...-...----- 76, 259, 262, 274, 283
Echini collected by --- 552
papers of...... 258
TiOUiS2ee sense aceire Sen seatemelnne 8, 530
Agassizia excentrica..-...---.------------ 290
scrobiculata ..---. -...-..-.0-6 290
Agelaius gubernator ..-.-----..----------- 152
phooniceus .....-.-.-...--..--.--- “151
A PUI oo <a wie = ine ews em eerie eles ee a= 434
Agonostomus microps ..-.---------------- 571
monticola .....--- eee eee alts 571
POLCOINGS eae eeee me eeem a 571
Aguacatero—Biranga sp .----- .---------- 140
Aguador—Chetura sp .----..------------- 158
Aguaji Bonaci—Mcteroperca sp ...--.---- 40
Aguitera, Senord). G -..2.-..--..---.ss-n- 553
Aguilucho negro......------.------------- 187
7 AnG K)neeton syononeee aaniceodaoscc 167
Aguja de Casta .-.. .ss20.-.00--20cee ese eee 353
Agujon—Tylosurus notatus.-..-...--.----. 35
raphidoma............ 35
Ailanthus glandulosa ............--...0-46 417
Aimophila melanotis .........-----..------ 145
MULESCOUS ss -misckicinin cn )aints sida tania 145
MDAC ATLO SD teenie mietetia es oieistelo mi sialm 146
Agx Calevicnlata<sjncn ance See naenan-os-n = 655 |
PABA LOROR te ae a ciemieem amiceieiee ial alesse 627
Ajolote—Amblystoma sp .--..---..-.----- 199
Akagera—Dryobates gouldii..-........... 112
japonicus ........... 109
Alaska, mammals from........---... Sel Jae 221
Alauda pensilvanica .........+--e.-------- 136
SPER PO se nee aeee ere te 136
PADS SULTAU AG soe etmieletela fanmail sain lsmte eee a 33
GiB CEEA Shas (alee wa te relate el 561
‘Albatross,’ annelids taken by the....... a47
PAM A ete eae clot clam ae ae oe oasis tis t= 542
COUOTDYNCHUS: Senmieiamcin no eenae~ a=(=- 33
VELL DGS isiotetatetata sates ot em ene p= tele eae 33, 561
BMT CCL SO) eer ea etete terete las sie ee eee et es 561
Of Havanaoc-.ccsnc-seseesae-beate 33
ALDUINOGS DUDUUS oo oo Sacecm seme dene al 2
A PRIMUS MEPALOPS) .--ceesm sess eee sine 22
ZON AGUS = om tae ettena cele enero cle 2,3
PA COLGAN co ssiemn coal ielefee selene cie 658
Alcedinide of Grenada.............-..--- 620
SUR ale eee ele tee oe aie 102
MOXiCO) 5. oc ceccecac Se eeeee 160
Alcedinoidem of Japan.............--..--- 102
AICERO AIC VOU! came memcie sc one ete eaanee ose 160
SAINI ONS ata win ele ae mini ele ole ie 161
CADMAS encemc cede ass ashe dneinem cece 161
DOLQM AGA see a one - aac Micitnn aes male 160
AMIE ISHED tae ee weiss a= )oe mae ais <i= nals ean 562
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page
Alepisaurus altivelis..... eanesce conase ten 562
Alguacil—Calocitta sp.............--.---- 153
Almeida, Don Er sisse6- cae cee a eaccmee eee 353
Alondra de la majada—Anthus sp.-.-...-.. 136
Alophonerpes ..--.- Sa eee area eet etait 123
AOD HES) = see ene nee ee eee eee eee 123
EXIG PINE CVULPGS ed. -2-donccese-4seseeno5= = 556
PAS TLCS alec illo elmer alae a = 556
PALOR AN DISHO PL te nocinneehan alee see eet 561
AMHEStOs QtOl .cincsige lees oe eee sae ent 40, 581
Alutera ‘giintheriana..-.--...2.--<css.cen= 605
WOHOCOLOS = amie eee = eee 605
DICUULA bas erise amas e ieee eee 605
PUNOLALA soe ecc caer senate ee ale 605
SONU DY ee te adem ee eeeeaise ee eee 30
SQUID UA aaa a ae eee eee 605
Alvaniaaurivilla: ac <66s<esn—-n25 scene a 308
CaStUARCR <2 2 -seieseneeeemaen Sees 308
var, alagkana .--.---<-:. 307
castanella ds s228 saeco 307
Alvarios ftonticolai coe. osec seine aeeeeeaes 13, 23
(Microperca) punctulatus ..-..---. 23
Amarillito—Passerinasp.........--------- 142
AMA MEOLNIS 2 oem eae aaa tee 395, 405
PHC MICULUB Yee sweet 405
Amaze Marie == .es see sae sae ease 156
Amazon, new Picolaptes from the......... a23
Amblygobius ...-....- Sale ete neta 487
AsnDIVOpUS © 7s ate ae alam ain alm 0 eine ie 596
IDRGWASe eee eee ae ee 512
broussoneG ease eee 512
MOXICRNUS sesisaseee eee 513
MOXICANUS') c-sane dancemin geet 512
SON UGB om a etela ete eee ee eet 511, 512
Amblyrhynchotus ......---.0-.---..-<ses 233, 243
Amblyscion. ..... 2. s-20n0--00 snes annseens 587
Amblystoma tigrinum .......... Sane 199
Ameiva undulata........-...\s-cesse=----- 195
VASE Het ine a eae ae nee el ae ape erties teed 542
SlUtS 22-. cesses =e delete ee 607
binotata Loccwecces oes sss eee 586
IMDECDIS ene cess ona ssa cee eee eee 586
MACUIALA <- <n am a- oe ence See aeeeRee ns 586
pigmentaria .....-..-.2..-- 2 .nocue = 586
puncticulata. <<. 02... noes eee e- 586
stellatatcs- cee ceesciece cetera eee 586
SAMIBTS \. 5 aoe = ceio ono a eee ai 542
Amichthys diapterus .-.. 2... 0... .seece 586
MOW PENUSs + ~ sae eps aseeeneee 586
Amiurus, adipose dorsal of..-...--.--.---- 80
development of adipose dorsal of. 81
maxillary barbel of.--.......---- 73
MOIS asics vn Sule mewa eee meee 22
Natalisns. eadessa< ee eee 7
nebalosus\: =-225=.s.sseaeneenen-- 22
catalase essere 20, 22
AMMOOLY PbO a cs ns esse ee ee eletas i ae 12
Clava. sccnes- 4s sacb ee ee esr 14, 16
pollucidas ss s.05s-seeeeen seen 9
WIVAS. noone eacseneeeeece eee 9, 12,16
Ammodramus sandwichensis alaudinus.. - 145
-AINMONITES) | - =<. cuas eae ae eee eee 250
JAMOTE SUA Uwe enasae ese e ae ae eee 500, 501
Ampelids of Mexico’. .-.2<<.csnin-acsesees 138
Ampelis cedrorum .....c.c0.2.scscs pone 138
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
PAmpelis japonicus --......-------..-.--2-- 648
Amphibia, ancestry of .......--..--------- 81
Carboniferous). -s--es-s- <o5 == 81
median fin-folds of........--.-- 81
Porm anaes alee eter 81
Amphispiza serrariperezi, new species ..-. 143
MYStacalige.--assccescde water 143
quinquestriata .....--....----. 143
PAnableps anableps..-...---.--.------------ 5€4
CORNEtACUS = ——cenieaetese nie ann(= =n lta 654
OlonGatns ey isnome Saws cman care 564
MU CLOLO PISS asians) dares sieese i ates 564
tetrophthalmus)-2---<--<-e--< << 564
Analyses of cinchona barks..-.....-..438, 440
REG INO ESA pen secocodemouenrasro see mos 287
BPA STUD OL Ola = mam alee nents alata min loa 173
EQUA enala meme apace nina alee mele stele itaietsd a 174
analysis of species of.......-----.--- 173
IDWS) Seobuogeuare Heeeeoone 173, 630, 655
CATOMMENSIS fa s= a cele «cme aa cinecei« 173
Colas pees meee eae eens 174
Cy anO POL er seit ace eis es selene Siar 174
GiaZteselawie cs saci cm sels toeaimais 172,173
MOGESCLIDO = -m\0 <3 <i aieis == ne i7vt
CHIR OTS Reate tetas nines sels is (oan eeiciaetapaia 174, 630
Srna OU Lee aise sim cichia)ee ease eles 171,173
ODSCUTA es eae Sica sc se wioeect se ee 172, 173
TUL esate oaaieiaieinicta sim sie ieis aio si sjninlets 174 |
SUC OLY ele etete eletee ela leleni=l=\n [emilee =1=(n1= 173
ZONOV YN CHM er clan law aia\n alin a)=\-inlalenicimin 655
Anatomy in classification.........-..------ 75
PRN OBIS OWUIS semtiee ese seielaanleisis/<is a= elaiaaint rey 233
@NSFUSLIGEPSa- +5. -~m ces ae o—- = 236
CaUOREINGUUS! He o0:5 = <ieisjcjz-= > 247, 605
geometricus:.-...- .s:--.-.-<.. 240
MOUCHIABIS Hoes ciei= sos ecfslcicisio ms 240
PAM CRANES wastes orate alain a wlan sicielae aie enieicle 560
Amcylodonancylodon) .--.--<....<--<-.c/---- 588
ACRHOCHS\e <2 22 scscensassasen es 588
Ancylopsetta quadrocellata ........--.--.. 29
Anelytropsids of Mexico.............--.- 196
_Anelytropsis papillosus .............-..-.. 196
PATE SAIS) OF MMEOXICO% ~ <nc nloresiscineseeesaess 194
Anguia—Anguilla rostrata .-.--....---.--. 34
PAO A AMO las taal a2 5m seinen 567
latirostris) 5. - <<< ses. so =< 567
TOS¢LAtA,.. =... -ncee 21, 22, 26, 34
CUbaNnay =e Sases os oss oc ysiseeincens 567
PAPO ee se sete einen elas ieee aelsiaiee ete) == 567
OtpHavandg). 25. hsencte ences 34
Animal sacrifices by Vikings...........-.. 459
Anisotremus bilineatus ..-.--.........-..- 584
ODUUSUS ison asses eeee 584
Sena ste ce paacic coma ceee 584
spleniatns):.22-<0.2<m00 atone 2
Sploniatus ti ease wae actos 584
SUTINAMENDSIS \\-4. J -is2>2>c- 584
trmilineatns 2. ---noiemec ae 584
WALSINICUS) 5 = ccasness asec = 42, 584
Annelids, new species and genus of ....... 547
PPATIOCONtA CeCurtatas -~ =. <5-26-5--4enersalcte 253
peerio igre of NGXICOs =.<)s:< 5005 Acmmoeace seas 191
PMMOLAMANNOGS |. «/<,.s2 lsu elas ee emineis coe was 191
MODMIOSUS 2 o)15. en c-osenmeee hie ceewe 191
Anomia gryphorhyncus...........-.....-- 252
663
Page.
Anoplogaster cornutus...-......-.-.----- 578
AM OSMNIUSE eee see elas oe oa seesaw alone 245
AMOS SUOMGUS ete mts cir eieeewiewiom ni ctelt=s-fars = 632, 655
PAT Sait RALV AL Ole emt alae minielors enim iaisininleinin et =~ 171
PATISOL, al DILLONS se eereislelsimalarm lala alten 659
AUG a arestara) ae atm me 171, 653, 655
brachyrhynchus ....-.....-..<--=- 655
CYP NOISE ariataeig sale ei ate =r tole niet 655
OLY tDTOP US ces seeie ee laat-e «=== 655, 659
Gambelifess---esqees cess aaa senna 171, 659
STATICS Beyaaetsiais aris ia ainlsiala tae lar tata toiaia 658
SOC DUM eee een nites sian eetoiaesiaa 655, 658
middendoritie- pease sare 655, 658
VAL. SOLrirostTis) $< -/< <==. 658
Ambennariid @)-ce sc cin = esos etaniomt areata te are 603
Antennarius annulatus? ...............-.. 603
IStNI Ose ces aensiaiee teens 603
MarmMoratUs ....- <a eae ws - 603
multiocellatus......--.-.--.. 603
ocellatws) jase ces seas -ieaene as 603
pleurophthalmus .........--. 603
BCADOR ER cteioe a iaiiaent-eeeeeeeeit= 603
TONE DIOSUS) 2-2 ese nines 603
PAMIPNOLE Ra moelsiaia tele nigra male elaine talaeini) alae 439
VAM TI AS Le apo ee cose ermreisinisieis nineeinaiettonatqant= 475, 533
2eperilin ewishesesceeiee teasers =.) 533
macrophithalmus) 2. scenees eee 41
MALENICENSIS| jo. .-ne raceme ee 533, 580
VAL WAU S pare tclelslala'ain alee iaieia sioleieteseeiete 229, 533
Anthus ludovicianus..........-..--...---- 136
PensilVaNiGus:.. <j. .o-<\-icee -mieseiseiee 136
SPLALU Olaateemenee nae clsisiaeie ears 136
SPEAGUCH Seem mac eemmeetaaaceiaae 136
Antidz of Grenada ....-...--.2.cses25-5-- 630
IMGX1C OK = a seemelen einai ace 171
(Anti S018) CAPTOS =~ a.<ia=ccjseie/sminehesiowieee ara 577
Antrostomus VOCHerUS. <2 <<<5-<40- <5 ee 158
Apseudobranchus to€roe.--...-.-------.--- 5&8
PACDRICEDNANUS sain. -(s\-\es ao eleiaeeaioee see eee 233, 243
(Promecocephalus) leviga-
UU em cete lala (afatate alafolenostearatate ie 232
Apsilys dentatus. ------- 0-5. cin enens en 535
S efUSCUS =2)55 6 aden eeiaseeeaanee 535
Aphanacanthes) . <i. <= ja%<i-=(\-niecieim aie mas /= 243
Ahan sGamt hs esq) <class ere sel 233
Aphelocoma sieberi .........---.---------- 153
SiGberilis aasecceseeeeaaaeee es 153
Aphoristia, analysis of species of ........- 54
ARCA Als - <ccenmees eines 54
diomedean a <n. -ccneemennie 603
Clon Pata sc manieeamineee sie 54
fASCIBtAN «cw owcsctomaeseanes 30, 53, 4
IM AN PUN AGEs aim win elias ei=isiste’= 603
nebulosa.....-..---- eee eee 3d:
OUN ANA aalae eae iastaalateictaiaiett= at 538, 54
PICU Breeeeastashiei eae iar 603
Plapinsale ena aeemce eases 35:3, 54, 603
DUSU alee ees ameaeetere === 603
Aphyonus mollis..-....-..---.------------ 601
Apionichthys nebulosus....--------..----- 603
NI COOL ee espeeenesea ne ee 603
Apipisca grande de alas largas....-.-.----- 179
TAT OSS Dieen iene = aie 179
Aplodinotus grunniens......------------- 10, 14, 21
AD OPON. eos enan os co sennenene== sone =seedek 542, 586
664
Page.
Apogon pigmentarius ..-.-....-......-.--- A3
CPO ReviGnGA ye see ajamaiaos ciel as aeesiisee ne 586
Apogonidz of Havana..-........---------- 43
Aprion macrophthalmus......--....... 42, 535, 583
WIECSCODS oes ecaeeeees hee ee ees 535
PAN IAG HOC OM = Fs ain51n 1) 1s) tea aenisteae l= eee 556
FAA NS GONtAS so-acGss oct e us eede ae eeeaes 583
Aquilonaria, new genus................--- ZOLA
Turneri, new species ........ 204
PAT AMAGCH jes ctelelsap atte taneasisteelaae eae 602
pwBtolasss-5sksssaseascsemeteeee 608
papivlosasssassmasesseeee see esas 602
SOlGwLONMIS cee scewldeocee neces = se 602
‘Aramidé of Mexico ses 2icecet ceccse- 55 177
Aramides albiventris-----...0.....-.------ 177
PASTAMUG Nosoe eitesace cial sctsresciosteee ries 402
PAST pa Clas eee ela iow ence ee caie ase 263
HCE asae ce ooseeee eee eee sce 263
punctulatay-cceess ose eee see 263, 264
PuUstwlosaljsssa cota cee ea ee eee 257, 264
spatuliperaieteccseste~s< os aeee =i 264
stellata =cccccsoctose te ceteeasc eke 264
IAT DRCIARD 2 osbs roe tissestuse cia teient mdse secs 263
Archosargus probatocephalus aries. .-..--. 585
tRIdeNS 42 55-sasesceclseseesee 585
unimacnilatus 2. ceeess see - 585
Arctic seas;;mollusksivfe. ss ceeeneceseec 202
PATCOOMLYS) PYUINOSHS 2c-<-.scce cess cea 224
PAT COR CRIULCA: cb cacmiss Saw oaacinwseceeees oe 170
GaNnGidissimay =: =2.ceese eee 169, 626
OEE OUba pieteelaenaseisee eae temas 169
exUiS.i: sat .cttesenscbes ete: 170
herodiasioccoseenwecaene eee eeeee eee 626
LONMGINOSAeeccneaccemseee ease coe ee 170
NBVIGeGeHockcwest ote ve eee wes wm 170
tricolor ruficollis-...... eee ae 169
WIOlBCEAN=R Lcceetree ere cones mete 170
WINESEONS A320 25st ekese eee ee ee 170, 626
Ardeidse of Grenada ..........----.-.----- 626
Mexico acaesee ee ceceen ance ker 169
Ardeola—Botuurus sp....-.-.--2--------- 170
Ardilla (spermophilus)..-................. 129
canela (sciurus sp.)..----.....-.-. 129
pinta de tierra (spermophilus sp.) . 129
Ardillon canels—Sciurus sp -.......-.-.--- 129
spermophilus sp .....-...-....--- 129
Arisu—J ynx torquilla. jc... sslsesscses ese 102
ATIUS 32205 = bwin aia atateatoelcineneie eae aie ates 558
CGMS TIRE tte wt Looe ete eee ee 559
Mil berti vest asses see 559
quadriscutisr 225s decuesectweccnas 559
valenciennesis .s:a2-220d. ee oikee 559
Arkansas fishes collected ..............-.. LOnS
River basin fishes ...-.......... 6
Armadillo—Tatusia sp.....---..../....--- 130
Arnillo—Tropidinius dentatus..........-- 42
IATOUATONY.Ss5(cc.otonacw sos eeee ee 233, 241, 242, 243
OTOTZON <1. sc ortoa new eee ene 244, 247
Arraous, misprint for Awaous.........--. 49
RCCL Aine aleurone Coe eae eee 340
Artibeus perspicillatus..............0...-- 128
Arvicolamiparius 22. fice eee 223
AScOmMYSs MeN eanus joss. s22 8S —kidees. <5 129
AsiOACCIpiTiNnUs).<.-<.-. Je. sees eee 164
ARDC OCI AMOM Wye soc /a-1~ wineries aces aeecaente 266
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Aspidodiadema antillarum..............-- 266
JACOPYi=* Le eas Soe eee 266
Asthenosoma hystrix ............-.------- 267
Astriclypeus'mannit ©5202) 2. Sect eee noe 285
Astronesthes Niger .::.--.22. se-senee eens. 563
Tichardsoni 22022 sces.= =e see 563
Astronotus adspersus............-.-.--.--- 592
bimaculatus’ 22.22 s2 2 sce = 592
pulcher’--26-e co eee eee 592
tetracanthus:=-.0225c 22580... 4S, 582
Astropyga pulvinata............-.....---- 267
Astroscopus anoplosice-.--2- sass aees 608
Asturina plagiatas5.2-¢-2Uese seen see eae 166
PALS GY ATLAS ote ctclee eesti oe See oe ee ee 560
Astyris*T0OSacea 7222s scs aslo ioete see eee 218
‘Athene whitneyiis..2-c20-ce eects eee 165,
A therina area s2si25 2 swocee ewe sa soeeios sees 607
boscii, typeof st -oes.=-- eee ee 530
harringtonensis -..-...----- 533 571
laticeps:sccesst estes eee eee 36, 571
macrophthalmayss2---- eee eee 571
martinica, types of .......--..--- 530
MLCrOPS 24S eee 571
stipes’). 2 ose oes ee ee ee 36, 571
Velianars sesh scarce es sass eee 36, 571
Atheringiwm jue scisatesceiesesemeesnee 571, 607
of Havana t\.sssqeetee ee eee 36
Athblennes ¢s2¢ccce ose ehseegacteeee 345, 361,568 .
new subgenus........-.-.-- 342,359
Atlapetes pileatus ...............-....---- 148
TUDLICAGUS! chat acer eset ae 148
Atotola—Plepadisisp.e22ss52s--ceseee eee 171
Atropus undulatus ...... seebiocebeeeeees 190
PANG DSC eatne sola selma se et ee ee 414
Attacine:.tectcetc22¢c5-eee vee 4144, 455, 427, 428
Attacus ....416, 418, £19, 421, 423, 429, 430, 434
angnlifera ..--2-4<tteeee 418, 419, 424
atlas) :<cnessscacsteees see eee 420
califormica:<:2:::s-ee-2a-2-2 sess 426
calletowd 2a. dees ee oe 418, 419, 420, 422
ceanothi«.....55.2288 418, 419, 425, 426
cecropiae....- 418, 419, 422, 423, 424, 425,
426,427
cinetusss-ees eee 418, 419, 420, 429
columbia ...-. 418, 419, 424, £25, 426
euryalus!:22sece see ees eens 427
gloveri.-.-... 418, 419, 424, 425, 426, 427
orizaba:-2-.2--2-2-5 te 418, 419,421
polyommatas----ss-se-s-seeseseee 418
promethea .........-.418, 419, 423, 424
splendidus ......... 418, 499, 421, 422, 423
Audubon & Bachman'...........-.--...--- 410
Aulacoramphus prasinus.......-...------- 163
atrogularis 20205 2..- <---5¢ 93
dimidiatus, new species... 93
Aulostoma cinereum .-..-. 2.22. -------0-- 570
coloratum ...... Re erahetam nate 570
maculatum sce csee eee meeecne 570
Anlostomid)-<2oicec-.e eae staeeesns sepa 570
Aurivillius, Carl...... 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 216, 308
ATITIS thazares..-idqtomsnee Hehe seeestaeee eae 574
VASWEO HS) ee lelctee tate ete eee 499
Awaous (Arraous by error) ....-...-.-:-.- 49
Awo-gera—Picus awokera ... ..-.----.--- 105
Axolotl—Amblystoma sp ......----.---.-- 199
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Ayacatcho—Campylorhynchus sp.-.------ 135
Aylopon martinicensis.....--.--.--------- 580
types of .......-... 533
Aythya affinis ......-.-----++202-- ee eee eee 174
mariloides) <-<..\ees—----==- - 655
CONAN GNese see ee semat cetera i=— 174
CLIStAtanes cancee e-em esiseininenis= === 655
FORIN Weas sere sees arenas saa 655
ALOU Ai omen nicinn a cen elelilainaenisi=i~ 655
MAL Aes ressaceecsce emia ‘aisle 655
MEATCUCS pe aes. <e wlll = 659
Azulejo maicero—Guiraca sp..-..--------- 141
Azulito—Passerina sp --.....--..-.+------ 142
B.
Babihorcado fregata sp ...----.----------- 169
IB G80 DIP Olea re emeisce ising nie l='= l=! soe l= a la'=1/=e'=)=[-1—1 120
Bagrus coelestinus ....-..--.-------------- 559
COUM Baa jaae sajcasaleneleminielniniseain(='~'=i= 559
PeCMECUS .......--.. 22-2 ---- oe eee 159
BESET OS COT ee oral etal wie in a ala(elelmiaalolsialvliofalciele'=|=\m «(0j« 602
SET O Lea ie biemieielatetiesminla(eiel=lai=|= 127, 409, 410, 413
iene twese = sae soe ee sclera ain elnlolawieic el ale= 587
Bajonado—Calamus bajonado ....--.------ 42
Balanus balanoides.--.-----..--.---------- 207
OMMIATIS ie = eens aiclosaierioe ciel 207
Balistide ...-.. eee ee eee aeeeeaesteloceaues 604
Olmrl ava Bae aa = ins nice) 10)=1nlaletaloml= 54
Balistes) DUN all asa lteo eines ence cnisioblecimlec 604
CAPTISCUS tase =lare saa) n[ mina == 604
CATO UNONSIS ee) seiaiesan=lalatel=leelael= 54, 604
WN ACLOPStesees cesar eis dA, 604
MACWIATS tess cin~ = s=ciesemincieesa == §04
MOFIDUNAU S| c nin owcioeesine sme 604
Ne pulOsuseesneeee sah siciseaieseeaee dA, 604
SODACON eee alesis isis <ielna/aeinej=famiate 604
PeSHLOPLOLM See a eta eto mislena easier OA, 604
SUCLUN Merman noc mnemsst seca sie 54, 604
SEs sil epee ete eof ane oimto ainla slorelsiaeiein inlet 240
Beanie (Gallinml gisp))-.- - <.<-:<.<\<.c0,<1lonlsln= == 406
iBarathronus bicolor: ~<------=2--<e<s-!s\-<-)- 600
Barbero—Acanthurus sp .----- aneeeces 48
Barbudo—Polynemus virginicus. --..--.-- 36
Barissia imbricata ............------.----- 194
Barbone Spline T1Shes: ~~. << s2+snse~ss=- 20
Bartramia longicauda ....----..--..-.0---- 628
Basileuterus lacrymosus.-.-..-..--.-.------ 138
Basilisco—Basiliscus sp.....--.---------- 192
Basilisens vittatus <<... -..cecacccncss scene 192
PRB DIAC Kec \esinsicie sec oo aicie(ocisiominm cine sels 12
Rock—Roccus chrysops --.-.-------- 14
IBassarisastuta<. 0... ccc cece ceennae 128
Bathygadus arcuatus.....-..----.--.------ 601
CAVETNOSUS re oeielolelalele tele} aterw telat 601
PAVOSUN see asieciariaiaiseinieislcsersto 601
longiilisenss-.ee—so eee ee= =e 601
IMACLOPS aeeiseiaealate eet ett ie 601
PB aN VNOCtES iy asm isiereia terse ee teetaalatelelet tar 600
Hathyonusicatena:. =: s--.ccs-2- css asco 600
Mectoralis|ee. sss eceeeea sea 600
Spe VS GORIS nee leain\o)o os wine incs elantsielmelaleta <= 584
Batrachia of Mexico -..--..--- Bald 197
index to genera of.... 199
PS ur OHI Dee eel ease emee Release 597
GivHavangieesssrinenaeees ens 50
665
ge.
Batrachoides surinamensis.----..--------- 597
Batrachops .--. ------.------0cece00c-en0-- 243, 244
DSUPACUSiee asenan =P )-aas\ea= alsa 244
Batrachosoma asio......--.----..... 2.0... 194
Batrachus crypocentrus.......-..--.------ 546
@LGMENSIS se seniaseisiae senteensine rae 546
OTUNNICNS meiosis) sta)-aiate lalate 546
PUAVAN Ba seeees = telefon eee 482
Ue nee eee ream alae teaee 28, 597
Bean wr eb whe aeacae 37, 40, 53, 336, BAT, 354, 355,
356, 494, 527
Beaufort fishes, list of, and notes on ..--.- 25
IBGaVieRee= ee ee eee eeenias eee ene acta. 223
Becacina gallinago, sp ...--..------------- 178
IBGC Ki aetae oeesieene cea ees seeeeleisineiseia= = 304
Te aa e ence eee eat ieistciste ae since eter 298, 302
alaskensisea-seeseses see ceceeet tse ecerer 299
albrechtieeessscese races eemntetieteatats 300
Prins acacenecsepacore soqgdepecdenc 299
ATCULCA tara ae oan cis sasie'e slo oe elneeanee ealee 216, 300
OXATAGB ee eee eeriga-cieeianisineeteener 298
PAPAS eaie nila ein otal etal elaine 216, 300
NAEP Byes se ease ase 300, 308
Kransels yaa: samen cecineee theme esos 301
[epviatipgsceeascc= since seeoe ee =a seeeee 300
Dliciferaeesaeh caer ses saci mane eae 301
SCul pturataee sane ene siweseceeea eee 299
Simplexqaceemetenciacssosceeee-Geee seat 216, 300
SOL dae estes ciese asetecsliaeljaceeemcrae 308
turricala):.-.- 2 idaiwiejelataldiet scatter 209
VIOlSGOB) <2 2) cyaeisajsicsieisie aie ge sotto 2G, 300
WAT VCnULI COSA 3. = <l1cisissisinie = /slaleeieisiee 300
Belding, L., Echini from ..............--.- 256
elon wasca- oases sclselse wie cle sciatica 339, 340
BCUS Peseta aceisaane eset =i 340, 341
Almeida. 5.247 Saas setae ae sis ioe 352, 353, 580
altipinnNae s-cmee ae eee eee eee 357, 529, 568
AMAZON. snin5 oss lo science ie=lel= 349
ANC COA: sax enisacs ec etemacleeiscieeaee 349, 530
AL PAIUS cos. c ol beeen acess 349
BLOMUS teeesstemossemiceseneraasectee 568
elone=-22-ccccciosecceaeesieeieeee 340, 360
Cantante een meee eels ar 355
Canibb waren a-sweesinese as 355, 356, 357, 32D
Cigonellay.— scmecciacsensisse=eee aes 349, 530
GIZONEM AF) se 1m staje sta rela seiejelm= aes 568
COLTON sepeas aeieisistsiscarelelsmicteiiene 340
GClaSSaes eee enisceaseeanei a 35, 353, 354, 568
depressa ......----- 35, 346, 347, 348, 349, 568
diplotznia........----.----------- 348
USCS ete fe eats neo reteeerateeiotataierals 340
Oxis eee oa ae sefale id elaine oe selciee 349
galeatae 4 aaceslcie = o-\-j>'-ilat=lalai= ata 354, 530
POLANID seme see leis sae aelele 353, 354, 530, 568
gracilis ..-.... pe saaiaas aloeteisetnteparclt= 340
guianensis!.=------------------ 359, 360, 530
NAN Seer eae mslecsaciece alate 355, 356, 357, 358
POMOS Ie = soit oss ee ape sieleinleilwminime =i ml 355, 568
latimanareenieece cease serene 355, 356, 568
NN So Lee ets slaw ole 2a ee nto at 340
longirostris.......-...------------< 351
MAC WIALAN: tepeicce sche =a 34, 357, 358, 568
melanochiLa.<..0- 2 5.<~ <= 35, 353, 354, 568
MICLOPS -.---.6---.0--.------ ==" 349
MUNA Oe GOCCOUSOOOUEDUOOEOOOD Ice ir 345
666
BCLONG SPAGINeH sas yeaa ae ss aoe eele alae 355
NRE a ate aa seiseeaisiere siete ater 340
PAI AIG GIA wale c's clesaat sere sate ems 353, 354
GNESI Oem ele tiecie sete cea ete ater 340
soolopacina: -.2:------.---4<+-caa+-009) B00
tyPeuGkiccsee = sae 530
BODO CH NOT aes ciiatciaiats cela folate) arate 351
stolzmanni ......---.-------------- 349°
RUD CLONCH bas cates ose am sincere 346, 347, 348
TECTIA GR A ease teense ce eee a 359, 530
Rimncus senses oka sececre 352, 353, 530, 568
GY PC TOle ase eee eset 529
ATUNCRIGT elisa esd tests sates aa cei 351, 530
var. guianensis....-.....-. 352
Willksanigeese cries sseeaee aeseaeeeat. 340
Belonesox belizanus..-2..-<-..-/2---.:-s0- 564
Belo Oe see ccs ae sse tastes ote eeee es 360, 568
PONELALOL senna nes cae ea ate acters 339
Ol MaVvend.- css anes ee eae 35
MOV Ole saos scene neeeaceee ce 339
Benedict, James E., on new annelids.....- DAT
Benthosaurus grallatus........-...------- 563
Bergen Museum, Echini from.-.-...--..--. 257
SESE OWEN FU TY ete aol ta aaa ate rela ater reel 304
Bering Island mollusca....-.-.....-----.-.- 217, 218
report on......-.-. 209
Sea mollusks, notes on.....---.-.... 297
Shy CIC seme cea cee ne nase se ee tame atas 577
Beryx decadactylus:--.----2.2.2.. 22-2... 578
BEY OL: POY ers Giseasecisara ee seeataye sees ees 438
Biajaiba—Lutjanus synagris..-..--....--. 41
STROM esa ae ace tee eee eee ee sees 242, 243
BU ASh cogs cete naceee sete emeeer se S51
SATIN OY Wiel Greate eaeera sae ane ae scree = 460, 461
Birds arom, a pead belt. 2... 25. 22. ---s-- 92
the Liu Kiu Islands ........... 634
Penera Of MOxICAN sacmsens oss cose ae 180
TIO WAS PECIOS Ol eameeret enolate eae 92
of Grenada, West Indies....-.....-... 609
I Gyale ete coenococcscecridciscsicdss 139
Catalopuelofss-3.--+------ 130
new species of..-....----. 130
review of Japanese .-...-..--. 99, 374, 395
iDISCHOM, HEraiMand eee reyes eee ae see ns 173
Bistlacuachi—Synetheres sp ...-..-------- 130
Blacicus brunneicapillus...-.....--..-..-. 617
HAVAVENOIIS] Jo celtos eats ceca =r 617
SACKING eam cme mentee teases aaa 615
Blakiston, Capt. Thomas -...-. 109, 110, 114, 115, 117.
119, 120, 121, 387, 393,
399, 407, 635
collected wood-
POCKeIss.c- eee 115
distinguished
Japanese birds. 100
on Japan water-
birdsi2-s--- 652
Japanese
wryneck. .. 103
Picus from ...... 108
presented birds. . 99
sent Picus....... 106
SME MVE! -o5seucsese ce tes 116, 375, 379
Bieeker, Dr. P ..........49, 57, 243, 245, 477, 488, 499
BIGUNUAD .esneskese sees ss sae seer ee eMetiee 608
|
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Blenniidw of Havana ..............-...-.. 50
Blennius'.22---teso nc eee eee eee ceeeee ee 51
RSbOPiIG Mas soxee nee ae eae eee 608
Orinibns ies sence eue ee scoters 599.
favostisyte.)). 2 oes eew as. eae 608
pantherinus, type of............- 544
Slearnsy.-e tac cece toe eee nsec 608
Blonnophistecereeseem elses sea amas sere eee 598
Blepharisiermitns eee. e-ceee esse eee 37
BhohsSt i. peace eer ee peer Oh Me dee aces 400
Bloch i. ss tsseeseeeststeoeecess eee ec 40, 41, 240, 246
and Schneiders sscascenessee sense 352, 542
Blyth sus steee zeke ees eeke se occeme teens 403
BOA. seat tacos ees cetetaeecdewsomecscemene 183
IMPErAatorss2cacelasasaeee oases 183
Boat-caulking material.................--- 453
early Scandinavian ................-- 450
TUS a oraters ors eretoee eee lea ee ater eater 453
plankingescnascdsesecasse sas oee eee 453
POSILIONS seems aaa oe eaten ae 447
dimensions of.........-.---- 448
MOMaINS.c: oc ccce cde ceette dade see 448, 449
at Suffolk, England.......... 448
representation of Stratsund.-......... 444
representations of Sweden........... 447
Tudder; ancient ssh ste eeee ene 452
shaped burial groups .......-.....--. 446
BD WADDS <ocrorare rat rarat ot atraae sae siatalal iereiar a 452
Northland .22.4ccncnntrneopeesgeeemee 443
Boatswain (Phaéthon sp.)..........-..---. 631
Bobo—Momotus sp... <ccesee cee cewtecee=s 160
Bobolink-cwsteccene tee aeme eee ees 616
Boca Dalee setcccwcx teens saeetse see ele 32
Bocon—Cetengraulis edentulus ........-.. 33
Stolephorus browni .......-.--..--- 33
BOCOuUrt, Mi soe nieret rath efoto cele dese ee 189
Bodianus: apua Ai cceccaeeendid cet Semceee cl 40
UY Bk ratataratatd ahh theta stat atcha) Peleetalet mele 41
MARGINALE F238 Kracels eae ceeie ae 40
TULGS or met Jafolals HAS ae eae 45, 589
pulchellus'...- tena nee 589
stellifer...-....2. nie ease &40, 587
Boehmer, George H., on Norsk naval ar-
chitecture <2<522sc.022002205 0a eee ee 443
Bogdanow, Professor ......--...-.---- 397, 399, 400
Boids of Mexico 22-352 225200e. Ssace cee 183
BOIO: sass 2anstssssesasene Se eee eee aoe eee 382
Boleichthyseracilis;....s89-4-e eee oee ee 10
Whip plei:: ssvsc0s eietemeees 9
Boleosoma camurum .....--..-- tate Rem 9,12
Bollman, Charles!’ 22-0.42-eeeces nee 466, 470, 471
on Escambia River
fishesty soi eee eee AG2
Bombycilla eedrorum:-.<....2../.5.5...... 138
Bombyx+s214sssn eee 416, 419, 423, 427, 429, 430
Bonaci Cardenal—Mycteroperea sp ------- 40
de Piedra—Mycteroperca sp....--- 40
Gato—Mycteroperca tigris .-....-. 39
BONaPRLtO: << .5-<sssccss so sed tee cece eel 103
‘Booby; Red-fo0ts 25.5. s06s-e6 see ae eee 630
(Sulaiep:)te2seseccsesecesoheneeeeee 630
White: + scosecccsste se Sue ei oe 631
Boog: Watson wes secsc ollie ieee ceccemacens 297
Boops carabaicus.....0..2..c-s-seeeeese--e 585
Botaurus Oxilis.......ecssesecceescccccscce 170
Page.
Botaurus lentiginosus ..-....-..---.------- 170
Bothrops atrox..-..---.--.---------------- 190
RIS IM ACUIALUS <a) «2 one ain ninele wenn 29
ipotile-tit, Japanese ......--...--.-..------ 384
white-headed..................- 886
Bovide from Alaska .-...-.............--- 224
SERENE SS ooo irarG oreS ciao cisiniacis wimat Ssteioainwre 585
Brachiopoda from Labrador..--.--.-------- 208
frachycephalus..............-..---------- 241, 243
BerAOhy CON YS. ........-.--..e=------------- 584
Seeenylophus).-=.----------<e---------=--- 104
Brachyramphus craveri........-.-...----- 656, 657
hypoleucos..-...-----.---- 656, 657
Ea GUM Gz apepal=aimisie cle = == 655, 656
marmoratus.<-.-<-<<---<- 656, 657
Peraixst is ces cinamonleieial= eile 655, 656,
DOLGI ee sateen lecen 657°
Brachyrhinus creolus .....-....-...--..---- 580
HOC Clee ess sels aiellel=/sini= 39
preoccupied .-....2----..-.-< 39
isradiey, Prot. Frank H.......-....--..--- 244
BEBUnt AC ASSUZ oe amc noeels con ae mnie <lniet= 577
Lament basse neasessaeasedaaocaes 577
TSA Le eters elt aoa tein ta alee alatole| ier 577
NAGA SMD eee tee ciate see aialminetateiete 577
SEER ED ene oe eee fe cise Scaiese cans cs.cisiicie 577, 607
MOWe SONUS|Ofe meee ceo acm 467
Branchiostoma caribeum........---.----- 554
lanceolatum --....---...--. 26, 554
median fin-folds in.....-.-- 81
BeranOMOStOMN& <-<-------saecn-cess-no= 554
Branta canadensis hutchinsii .....-..----- 655
ASTOR NN eee nee eloete a alain ima a 655
Persyton, A.W <2 0.6-----ccenn------eene=- 25
Bregmaceros atlanticus ....-.--.-.--.----- 601
raf NICO Be eee ee eee 368, 397
OSgeeeen eens case's 365, 366, 367, 368, 373
iBrovoortia, tyrannus ...-............<-..-.- 26
QUVEA ao = 4 5-sssel 561
Breynia australasie ..........--.--..----- 288
BIBS eet enna leno sie ale om aia = = /o/aisle a ainie 289
mrissopsis lyrifera ..-..--..---...---=.---- 289, 290
BeRS TS) CALM AUS x omens) a ao aS innloeo ie 290
Bristle Bay mammals .................-... V2i
Bristle Fin—Selene vomer ....-..-..-..-.. 37
British Museum, fishes presented to.-..---. 32
MESSI AE DAGA sala c)-ccjacmincimoais sess maseme 51, 600
Brétula—Brotula barbata........-....---. 51
SEL CO eee ies a) lelaielal= =) arose aialale alles 600
OuMEU aA Ue sere teestaiaisraeieinistiet 51
MINIM eee ereialain io ioi= = 1oix im a)eniara)aiwia witnyasiomaiale 37
isuarremon albinucha..........----------- 141
brunneinucha, ..-.---.---.---. 141
Bubalichthys bubalus..-.........-..--.--<- 14
BRNICCINI Gee he cogent nossa ssa qea5-casece 304
fromyluabradorses--aecee caer 205
Buccinum cyaneum ............-....-..- 206, 216
var. morchianum ..... 215, 216
oroulandicumy-- -.-<--<sces-n=6 206
MOLCHIANOM). sos ~ <= -)s aces ae 216
MUPICIOLMNG) “eos <en cise semeee ce 302
WELCTASSUMG ae oar eet 216, 218
NECIM eos gepeneebeose tope 206
HEIRS Adadcccorsenacoereobeces 216
COMM Gee ee laeeee ate ete aeiceie tae 215, 218 |
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Buccinum var. elatior .........--....--.-.. 215
undatum, var. undulatum ...... 206
var. morchianum..........-..-- 218
Burovean ahiterms eee ese nace castes 198
COSMAS see eeaEeea sae eenas eee eee 198
COM PAGtiisiece . see sees emiaeinisiealere 198
intermedius asses ses oesiclaetleteeets 198
IMATINUS ese eons eaeeeee se seco 198
VWallice pss se sq. =ciewinnistmiam meine ide 198
“Bufonid profs Mexico jasc ases-Reees esses 198
‘Bulinusthomboideusi-eo-ss-rsssesseee see 252
Bullon—Scarus croicensis....-.-.---.----- 47
Burial groups, boat-shaped ...........---- 446
MOSSE] Si. pete ea cc ateaee ee 449
Burrito—Aampelis'spie-- <-cacon-ceseeeeres 138
Buteo abbreviatus) jos. 6. ---- sseaeseee sine 167
albicaudatus y=see. cm eaclsce cine sincle 167
borealisicaluruss ces see- ena 167
Var. CALULUS) sneciecacleee ees 167
brachyurus)<s5.ccesaceesceeeeeee oe 249
Calurish.2ascstcaceete secs aa sere 167
FOI SIN OSS soa saeee seein 249
JAbISSIMUS Ne -.o Sale eee pee aeeesee 249, 622
melanistic, specimen of.. 248
Buteo pennsylvanicus .-...5..2-ccsescnece 167, 249
C.
Caballerote—Lutjanus griseus ..-..-...---- 41
Caballito—Hippocampus punctulatus ...... 35
C@abanis een ssacoceete se sciss sacle cisiaesaiciin cies 134
@abanis andvWeineece-ccs-=seceimacisinciens cine 118
Cabezota—Atherina stipes ........---...--- 36
Cabra mora—Epinephelus sp .--..---..----- 40
Cabrilla—Epinephelus catus.............-- 40
Cacalote—Corvusispreaceceesemenselieciceriens 153
CacalObl—COLvus SD yee sete eisinnin ee ceieeisieiaicte 153
Cachucho— Etelis oculatus...........-.--.- 42
Cacicus holosericeus .4-.< << -<5<--.2.<-5--5- 149
THEI Sa oogocigecedoscodQgns rocco 149
Cacomistle—Bassaris sp .------------.----- 128
Caddo River fishes taken ...........--.---. 10
Cadlina pacificay - <2 ..5- 5 2-2-2. saccceccs 210, 217
@rmligenathenricaie..-26c<s-<s/aintaasa smear 157
Cagon—Rhomboplites aurorubens -......-.. 42
Caji—Wutjanus) CaxiS)}s-- cee! se ancieenigics eee 41
@alamusing sae ccs sae ee ena oeise cence eee 32
ALGHILONSseaesece ee sesseneeeee see 607
aj OnadOseas canes! eee since 42, 537, 585
Calamusigt tees. <jaocsineseem ee caae 42, 585
MACTOPS eo anersesee wane sesame sins 585
MOUIUS peso eseiets aslo tee slew eta clole 584
megacephalus .......... Seeeieera siete 42
MN CLOPS eae sea e meee aaeeieeelals a37
IMICLOPS sees eemin mctes alesse eieiaetarsiele 585
MIU NOV aes eeases seciseenaie ees 585
OLD bani es eo ee slalolinleiainle serials 42, 585
penna.--.. Sees tice ce miaeceiataks 537, 5388, 585
pennatulaeece ce seine ecienecesae se 585
plomatwlagsaeeaaecesemeanses =i B37, 585
PLOLIdOnS Paseeeeaaeclecee es ae ee cae 42, 585
TOVIG WO sesamin oocisiacleisicinwlaa\ele At
Calanduiacat6r asese cece ae eae ea eciae 150
cerquera de cabeza blanca. .-...-- 141
Gertonaesss seep aee einieee eset 138
fuego—Icterus sp. -.--.------------ 150
668
Page.
Calandria —Icterus sp ...--..----.-------- 149, 150
negro del quiote—Icterus sp... -. 150
ordinaria—Icterus sp ------.----- 150
real—Icterus sp --.----..--. aoe 150
tunera—Icterus sp ------ sale scien 150
zapotera—Icterus sp..-.-..------ 150
California, new land shell from........----. 460
CANTOR PISCINUA = saem er = eee see eee ace 310
Callechelys bascanium ...........---.--.-- 467, 606
murzena, new species .....-..-. 466
WENT eas ee einastafe nites eters erate 606
RG ILULGAIN oe aoe eiaeiee aie etter 467, 606
HGLGS soe ee see ee eeneen ee eee 467, 606
Callichthys kneri .--..........-.......-... 559
Levi COCUS seamen aecacin see 559
MTEL EIS see a ae see ne see 559
SubuIAbOS cesses == ema wares 559
THOLACAUUS cen cmmisees ie aie e see 559
CaltiodGniee soe secsesae ese cee cee aane oer 542
PhO kia stn seSeemarinna asnosocodcedas 692
auropunctatus ......-.--..-.-..- 47
Olas ea eee eee ee emcee ae 607
CODLESTINUS ree ne ae eit aera =e 543, 592
COOLULOUS Senet ese ls cse ene pice can 591
CLOICENSIS’)---ce-.-- See ene ae 591
dentiens 2si%e..25-- oo aee eecie sean 45, 46
OVENm anaes oN sesame ciate 607
favoniarrinagtuss-- sos sc. =. 591
PLUAC A ae ete tetas eile laren 543
IGLOS seats see eee ee eee 592
punctulatus..............--.---- 591
quadrispinosus.-..-...--.....--- 542, 592
TOULACHUS Mere ananassae nem en c= 45, 47, 590
BIOS Ook ea LES fete rae eo lala 592
simplex -...--- (Sse ew ses5s 592
HeeNiGPLeLUS =. see ease eos = s 543, 591
TRISDINOSUS meee Saree eee anne 592
TCL eta. mare SoReeOUOmmCeSHeS 591
Gallionymidies-22--- sesso aa eciskicsme 596
Callionymus bairdt? 222 -..------------- 5. 475
pauciradiatus .........-.-----. 596
Callistercucnllata == --52+ eens tees eees ner 613, 614
MODRICOLOL. Hee eee nese ease aaeer 6135
CWallosobinsr 2-22 con aee eee eee a Sasaicele ses 487
Callorhinus’ursinus:----.2<- <2. 22. -------. 222
CAORAMISte se rete cee we eee eee 418, 419, 423, 424
Callyodonte = ssc. mame aee accom ee acetas =e 590
SUropunetasUs sense sete sees QV
auropunetatus, type of ..-...--. 542
AAVERCONS S22. eeeee ene ance= 590
s retractus .......-.--. <tteceovese ZVI
MSGS eee eee eens Seen eee V2
MIStOS, TY PC Olewecme ssa swoee ea: 541
Callyodontichthys bleekeri........--..---- 590
Galociita formosa 222... eee ee «se ae 153
FR sos ss or sel epee ae esac eae —t2s-
Galopatnrmiage=s: 232222 Ss hccdseeccese eee = 428
MendocinO)-s-----.-eseee ose ASS
MGWPCNUS seers -oneceeee eas 431
Camaleon—Phrynosoma Sp ssetee eo eeeees 194
Campephilus guatemalensis..-.....-.----- 158
Campostoma anomalum .......---. 2, 7, 11, 17, 19, 20
Campylopterus hemileucurus ..........--- 157
Campylorhynchus jocosus....-..---------- 135
ZONACUS |<. ec-ninsclm anaes 135
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Cancellaria 2. -<\.cccec.saceencesccsacee teens 298
Cancellaria (Admete ?) middendorffiana. 297, 298
buceinoides--+s2eeeeee eee aes 298
BINCNSIG oss oco5 cncence se sesesee 298 |
} Cancroma zeledoni ...... .---.----0-2--05 lie
Candelero—Himantopus sp....------------ 178 |
Candil—Mpyriopristis jacobus ........ oe 38
Caiiero—A gelaius sp .-......... .-----.-..-- 1504
Canids from Alaskd),.c-ccssease si ssiseecen 220)
@antherines <2 sic s).s 055 sos see ose eee 604 |
Canthidermis asperrimus ....-..-.---....- 604
JONGUS.<os25,csscep aot eenee 604 i
melanopteruS.......--...--- 604 —
BUMMAMCN oe cccee cee see eee 604
Canthigaster .......... VBL, 242, 243, SAA, 245, 247 ©
analysis of species of...-.--. 245)
CADISUTAUUS ce ose see ees 246 |
punctatissimus.. ....245, 246, 247 |
TOStratus' .45.--22.e2cee8 229, 245,
246, 247, 605 ©
Canthigasterine..-...---...--..----------- S31 |
Canthogaster caudicinctus .....-.-.------- 246 —
NOBRUUS ee anise emai 236, 247
Cantor“ Dt 2s.s005 cease tc seen sees 362
Caprimulgide of Japan ..-----.-- ---- 101,102)
Mioxieole ce see ee neces 158)
Caprimulgus albicollis .........-.......... 138 |
VOCHOFUS «02 - ae ecetencirannes 158 |
Caprophonus aurora .......--..----------- 577
Carajo Reale—Elops saurus ..-..--- .----- 33
Carajuelo—Holocentrum ascensione....--. 38
Blanco—Malacanthus plumieri. 48
(Cri neni Peis Aaa ss Soocionoseence pos tsOtoc 574
Of Havana. -..cssscese ea see 36
(Caran pine eno aaene pester eee eee 74
Carangoides cibi ...........---..-- ee 36 |
TRIOS eececa cere aetna e 36
Caranpus fallaxccsesedencunnsseuaae aie 36
Caranx amblyrhynchus .-...-..---.------- 575
ASCEDSIONIS seescesenee==e= sees eee 575
BPO US ete ee aie a ee eee 575
bartholomsi\-2.cses. ou eseeeee es 27, 36, 575
type Of. 3252.0 eee 531
DEAN Loos ow cee esas cleeeMemee eae 27, 531
hloch ose caseescoegce eee 575
CHEYHOS ccccnsar et eee eeeee eee 36, 575
CHTYSO8 oes see =e eee 27
Cibit lee tenses seen eee eee ears 531, 575
CHATS cocpeac celse eee see 575
CLINIGNS ccs ss oan coem eae ea ceeee 27, Sf
CUDENSISh -oeceo sesso eee 575 ©
dentex sss sceet see ceses see See 575
Tallaxteeere ee tee eee ee ees 531, 575 |
PrOontaliB ts. centeasees seacoast 575
heteropygus.-- ....-....-.--...... 57.
HippoOs <<. sccecccec=s Seen ates 27, 36, 575 |
ITIGINUS se ces ccecleeee se ane eet 575 |
lgbuBasonrans cannes oatemeeees 27, 36, 531, 575°
JOPtUTUS Scee ce caaee eee eee ie 36, 575
INU DTIC a. cee= ee aeeeee 36, 575
TOPGE. ete ee ee eee See a eee 36, 575
SOCUMOUS ceric nip aoe ete see etet 575
Sexfasciatus ..-2...2sceceese cepa 36, 531
Caranxomorus plumieranus ..-...--------- 474
CAYADUS foe coe ew ene sess cee enemies eee 565
————
Page.
Carapus affinis ?.....-------+-++-+--------- 600
Carbo mexicanus...--.-.-----+--++++-++--- 169
Garbonarius.....-----...----------+-------- 123
Carbonero—Spizella sp..--.-.------------- 144
Carcharias .--.-..-----------+----2+--0+--° 555
americanus ...-.--..---0.------ 310, 315
fissidens ?........---..--------- 555
henlete (see sao oon eieles = sa 10 555
VEUCOS See else eis eleiaeeiseini= 555
WGhORAIST See emesis s+ seis \-— 26
TOT ore eraictoiete sels) arate nl=fmieital= 556
‘ punctatus......---------------- 556
TeMOtus .-....-.---2 ----- 2 == 2 =e 555
(Scoliodon) lalandi ....-.------- 32, 556
Carcharhinus acronotus......------------- 555
brevirostris....-....-------- 556
falciformis.=o..+-<es-----0~- 32, 555
TECH Gl pSahS5 noeencesedddeess 556
Jamiavesaececeaec css s i= -=s'= 555
euCOSteee ea sat cements setne=i-=- 555
limbatuseecs ace =e ce ae cleci-a isin 556
longirostris -.---.-------- ++ 556
longurio ...----------------- 32
maculipinnis...-..---------- 555
nicaraguensis...------------ 556
ODSCULUS) Rese ses -cecen scenne 316
oxyrhynchus ..------------- 556
perezii ........-------------- 555
platyodon ...-.. .----------- 555
POLOSUSe ee aces == == enn" 555
TEMOtUS ......-.-----0------ 555
signatus .....-..------------ 556
terre@-NOV®..------------ 26, B, 556
Carcharodon Atwoodi....-..-------------- 310, 315
Cardenal—Pyrocephalus sp --------------- 154
| Cardinal—Piranga sp ..-.----------------- 140
| Cardita planicosta. ...--..------------+---- 253
Cardium blandum.......-...-------------- 218
liable cese sec eeee ce asenie== =e 207
COLbEMG sceceececewlsesciceinssmme1>= 251
groénlandicum ..----------------- 218
Carduelis notata ....-....----------------- 149
Careete (Sterna sp.)----.---------+-------- 632
Caribou, woodland ........-.-------------- 224
Carpenter, Dr...- .------------------- 211, 218, 214
Carpintero amarillo—Sphyrapicus sp - ---- 159
Campephilus sp.-.------------- 158
chilillito—Dryobates sp ----. -- 159
Chloronerpes sp -.-------------- 159
de alos rojas ------~--m----=- ~~ 160
de cabeza amarilla -.....--.---- 160
: colorada........--- ne 160
de pino—Dryobates sp.--------- 159
negro—Melanerpes sp .--.----- 159
real—Ceophlceus sp ..--. ------ 159
Carpiodes tumidus..-.---------------+---- 18
Carpodacus hemorrhous .....------------- 149
. : MO MICANMS eee eerscsesetelsel's 149
Casabe—Chloroscombrus chrysurus ..-.-- 38
Cassiculus melanicterous ..---.------------ 149
Me lATLIChOlUS os seisiene- eee a= 149
Cassicus holosericeus -....--.------------- 149
MODLOZUMA, .-----c6--cancere==—- 149
BANS e soe Re oe esac ince wawe saat 286
BraRR ee ia elcie aisle iaiata aeineia- 94, 407, 524, 640
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
Castor fiber -.---.-.-----------eeeeee reese 223
Castorid from Alaska....------------+---- 223
Catalineta—Anisotremus virginicus --.--- 42
Catalufa—Priacanthus catalufa ......-.---- 41
de lo Alto—Pempheris sp-.------ 38
Cataphorhynchus - .----------+----+---+---- 233
Cataphractus ...---------+---------+--+--+: 559
Catharista atrata...---------------------++- 168
Cathartidee of Mexico.....--.---+--------- 168
Catophorhynque .-.-----------+------+++++- 243
Catostomus nigricans....----------------- eelele
| Caudisona basilisca .-..-.-.--------+------ 191
Caulolatilus chrysops.--..------+-+-------- 594
CYANOPS..-.--------22--2e0-- 594
MICLUPS ----.-----------2- cone 607
Caulopus p@Vi--..-------0---++-+--2222-2+ 562
Caxcax—Aphelocoma sp .----------------- 153
Cayennia guichenoti ...-..----++---------- 596
@azoniesscneecscr sso ma sles = el=imain\nlom slaletnin 32
Cel Daten see sae esa laeettets intel alm ntaleleiniael a 622
Cenozoic invertebrate types, list of.....--- 250
Centrontle—Mimus polyglottos ..-...----- 132
Centropomid ..-..----------------++-++++- 78
of Havanlac-.s--ss6<s<=--= 39
Centropomus aflinis.--..------------------ 39, 579
appendiculatus ...---.------ 39, 578
ATIMAGUS ose eee oases eae = 39
@NSiler:- =< saeera--=------ 579
@NSILOLUS\= == 0s onelsl-- = tel-)-1=1= ~ 39
MOGIUS = ase sail -I-aiwe 578
parallelus ......------------ 579
pectinatus....---.---------- 579
pedimacula....--.---------- 39, 578
mndecimalis;-sss--i-ee ese 39, 578
Centropristes atrarius rufus .---.--.------ 579
atrobranchus..-------- ---- 332
brasiliensis. .....- ---.------ 533
MCLUS....--------eeeeee----- 580
rufus, type of .--..--------- 533
subligarius .-...--.---------- 533
Centropristis ayresi-..-------------------- 579
dispilurus......------------- 27, 579
macropoma -...------------- 579
OCYUTIUS ...------------------ 607
TAGIANS s/s aeiccice= === === 579
subligarius.-..<...----.-se-- 27, 579
Centrostephanus Rodgersii.--..----------- 257
Centurus elegams .-----------+-----+------ 160
hypopolius.....--.-------------- 160
Ceophleus scapularis..--.---------------- 159
Cephalacanthus volitans.-....---------+ 28, 50, 597
Cephalogobius ..-.----------++++-++--+---- 487
Cephaloptera .--.---------++---+-++++-+--+- 558
OlfErsiyeceecacsete oe cclne == 558
Cepphus carbo..-..-----------+---- 524, 655, 656, 657
columba.....-.---e2+------- 655, 656, 657
MAN Alisa aclae sella anew = -l-le 0 658
Ceratichthys lucens.-.-.-----++------------- 8
Sterletusimeseccesee= see = --e-e 8, 22
Ceratocampid® .--..-.------------------ 414A, 430
Cerceta café..-..------------e-- 22-2222 eee 174
COMUN .--------- een eee eee ere renee 174
de listo verde .--.-------------+--- 173
Cercoleptes caudivolvulus -.-------------- 128
Cerithiopsis emersonii --.----------------- 305
670
Page.
Cerithiopsis stejnegeri .....--. 212, 218, 304, 305
(stejnegeri, var. ?) truncatum,
NOW, SPECIES .<- n/a awn S04
TEONCAMANA ts eye cee a. « 305
itibercelata ics (fan seed aise tyne 805
Germthiom Fillings ..~..-225s5-s-4sueeeen. 251
totium sanctorum .........----.- 251
@Gemicalo—Ealco sp... «<0: 2-.-ssspesesSce 168
Cerorhinca monocerata....-...--------<+-- 655, 656
Cerquero aguador—Melospiza sp...--..-.-- 144
de collar—Amphispiza sp.-.:...--. 143
de patilla Nera ..5-eeseesec-=ms 143
de tierra caliente........-.-...-. 145
Certhiolavatnata.. =. :ceaneeccteenies ens < =~ G12
Sacchaxvingy 2 bee e= camel scents 613
@ervide: fram Alaska 2,2 s0cccsccrsase- ae 224
@erylo aleyOn, «js <ca¢ pales ce mciae eerie m ee ae 16% 620
SMB ZONG a. aeiaelaiq <5 = atts eine ee 161
CAE ISI oa amiaaisastaaiaidss-inctatne = ie 161
ORO easels aye 160
Cetengranlis brevis - .--2-.).25.5. snnen2---0 33, 562
edentultts <2: joiescimawpiais|-inwnid 33, 562
Chachalaca—Ortalis sp.........-.--<---«-- 175, 176
Cheenobryttus gulosus .....--.2-1.--....-- 19, 464
@henopsis ocellatus,...20- 5 -ckeres -nescnc 598
Chrojulis bivittatus: ct -:tence------- 63
grandisquamis: << -2<-..2..---=- 63, 64
humeralis ..--<ecteees --0- 25 63
Cheetodipterus faher. «~~ <-:<-+nn<.----- 28, 48, 593
Cheetodon ateniatus ..............----.-.- 593
Se eee ee eet eee ==) = 229, 593
new species..........-..-. 225
bimaeculatus sas sepeememeei- <5 toe 593
CapISttatus= feces cae Hee oo = 48, 593
eracilis. 2 sett teehee scises=- 593
littoricola? ace espaeelsej--1 Seis 594
maculocinctus)-3--4h.cn-------- 226
Ocellatus as ce.-4-eee- = 48, 226, 593
Sedentarines cee. sepiger so -c5-- 593
SLDLAUUB i eae = teeter eteees = cack 593
Chetodontide of Havana ............---.-
Chetostomus guacharote ..........--..--. 560 |
trinitatiis) <-ee-es0 qee= =< 5 <5 560 |
Ghesturaiahiniss <- <2 --2.-5-me\sereer sete 158
cinereiventus)...---\eec-—ys22 2's 620
MANUS pio cc abbetessessetn ee saree 458
Cltaillu, Payl diac... seaeetan Wes cteseoeecte 445
Chamieleopsis hernandesii ......-......--- 191
Chan eLospiza, tOrquaLta,...--\<-riskinacieic sa 5,-0.0 148
Chamepelia inca ....3 case ees be -keee
1
passerina ? var. pallescens .- - 1
5
Channomurena cubensis..-...-.....------. 65
VEbtsta 23 ons tore nope 565
Chapin—Ostracion sp ..--.-..-.---..------ 54
GiWaAraMNIOS Wiens < coe cde seme nsw en caeieapies 560
Characinids, adipose fin of ................ 72
Charadriide of Grenada .......-....ses0-- 627
MexiGois3 Sacdtewtin ge tana 178
Charadrius dominicus...-................ 178, 627
MOXICANUS 5. coe 6 5 eee 178
Squatarola .2> - cca cnn0 scm ceeoute G27
VOGILEDNG a5 <i. --ccscee wees 178
Chasmodes bosquianus ............------- 28
Chaulelasmus streperus............ Sais 655
awa! A 28 < aeaeeas an aae aeeyonomeme = 621
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
|, Chemnitz
{
|
Cheilichthys
psittacus
turgidus
Cheilodiptenide..-.3.-.c...2-oeessse eeoe ee 586, 607
Cheilodipterus affinis.....-....-. pete eee ete
Chelidon erythrogastra
gutturalis
JAVADICRE «io rcmie qos ceaeee rene aee 646, 647
measurements of........
namiyei, measurements of.......
new species.--..--....5
NCOXEND ..-- ome moe eee ees
rustica
savignii
tytleri 2-5<s5secsn. pee nee eee
Chelidonichthys pictipinnis.............-.
Chelno pelta
Chelonia imbricata
of Mexico
Ghelonogdon! See cence. cac,2' setae eae
Chen hyperboredi.< sce. pe--ccnenepee = sccee
Cherna Americana—Epinephelus morio...
Criolla—Epinephelus striatus. .--.
de Vivero—Epinephelus morio....
Cherno de lo Alto—Epinephelus sp
Chicharre—Trachurops crumenophthal-
Chile ancho—Piaya sp
Chilichthys spengleri
(urged ns sshos ase eee
Chilomycterus antennatus
geometricus.....--.-
OLDitOSUS hades eae cece
puncticulatus
VO tCMIALOSs ces a eiyesale
scheepfi
spinosus
Chilorhinus'suensoni...e.u. -seenee eer eee
Chimera monstrosa.....0---0-s--censenncs 81, 558
Chimeeridse
Chionactis diasii
new species
OCCipitalis’—— asap ne eee Ro aiare
Chirivita—Pomacanthus aureus
Chirlota—Stnrnella sp
Chismoso—Calocitta sp......-.---.------.
Chiton cancellatus
TALS DIS sone Ree ee eee ac eee
(molpalia) stimpsoni............---
SUDMArMOLeNS ~n 6 see e ee oe eee ee
Chlorichthys
bifasciatus
PLasibensis <<<: serene beer
Chioronerpes oleagineus
Chloropicos
Chloropicus
Chloroscombrus chrysurus...---.-..----2 7, 38, 575
Chlorospingus olivaceus
Chorojalis)..-.- 665-2. 2ee eet een ae=nie 57, 69, 590
Ch roe entra
mau Ds
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
|
|
|
Page.
Cherojulisarangoi ....-..2..0..\....-- 45, 63, 64, 70
(GRVAtbAGON eee emails lcise-= sis 45
CINGUHUSSa= se sce ceasiedanas cise 61
ExGtapNUN sooo see se cece es 64
G@yanostiomay cs ---<ece-ceabe = 45, 59
erandisquamis ..-5..-----0-21- 70
hum eralis) can. ca ceselieke ons 45, 63
AN teLna SAIS) Seesee wecewinetee eis 45, 61, 62
MACulipINN Ae sees cebisiee == -=ct 62
TACIATUS. cHceecen = siniaance ee a 59
ED OUS taeiseeise= se aeeieeiae eeia/=Ts 61
SOMICINCUIS|s-se- se eto ase =i 60
@hohuis—Eipio spss <naso-seseieeciciness 146, 147
Chondestes grammacus strigatus .....---. 149
grammica strigata..........--. 149
SLL OALUS aeeeme me ose seer ce ace 149
Mhondracanthus <2. --- 5 coc <-isiseebie nie Sine 317
COIMMUUS -oasueact aslo 320
Cotbuncali-wesptsgereiscses 318
new species ... 322
description of species of.. 310
Palerigus)5--</.esissce sei 321, 322
new species .... 317,
319, 320
MhyCidisy=.2.-pesecee sees 322
new species ..-.-. 320
Chondrosteans, radical development in.... 74,75
Chonephorus.........-. ae eie aia sisisisisvans's 49
bucculentus <.- <5 c.cccc cis = 595
CONDEACLUS © <aeie=\- 15-52 i-b are 595
MANTIS pe malaaiaaiai=inje os eiaia(ot sence 595
tI SIC B ar ee si daemenic oes AG, 595
ReHONETMINUS hom niac seeps a Sela ke ioe eeee 231
Whonophorus: 4. -s--,cceee- 477, 480, 488, 499, 503
banananseees = -nceganeaenes 501
bucenlentn ss -.j4 Ssctece = ena 499, 501
HANNS eesti 499, 500, 517, 544
Mexicanus!..---se5e= 300, 501, 517
taiasica ....... 300, 501, 517, 543, 544
SKeIGLON! Ofte oss sasaki es = ese 514
Whorlomeal epeecnccccn chen stedsaeewseuicese = 179
Chordata, median fin-folds of ...........--. 81
Choristisiium robraum: - <=-32<-j--).-+-s2 <= 581
Chorlete desconocido....-..; «2... .-----006 178
CTO ohio = hoe se siciee eee soesteNansseRes 327
(Whromisieyaneus = <-/- =. so=.15 see celeeecers 593
CHCHRYSUTUS) cca enelmeitee =e teres 607
fuscomaculatus ..-..- .-- 65-50. 592
IMsOlatUssas--sceeeeeseeseeeeeesns 593
WEN GOUS oe ec omaia ile ae eae taller 593
Chrysodomus crebricostatus ....-.--...--- 304
WTAGUS osc waives ep sese eee 218
spitzbergensis ......-. 205, 215, 218 |
(Tritonofusus) kroyeri ..... 215
Chrysotis autummalis .........2...2---..25 163
Mevaillantil:s sa.traesnctst es secee 163
@HUpsbabACo o-oo oso he ele ate see yeaa 191, 192
GIOULS [oc sca c peo ae eeaae so ce coes 171
Chupamirto blanco, &ce..-.-..---.2..-2--.- 158
de cola de tijera, &c.......... 157
verde-mar 252/45) 535. 157
de pecho color de rosa........ 157
esmeralda—Amazilia sp...--. 158
pavito azul—Campylopterus
BD ease ca esate ain atte re 157
Page
Chupamirto real blanco—Sphenoproctus,
Beene sae eceeee ie aaeise ae 156
real—Campylopterus sp...-.-. 157
rubi de cola horquillada.... - 157
rubi—Trochilus sp ........-... 157
Verdonmontero) s.r e eee 157
Cibiamarillosseeem occas Satarte secs eee 531
amarillo—Caranx bartholomei ..-..-.. 36
Mancho 6 Carbonero—Caranx ruber - 36
Ciccaba nigrolineata ................--..-- 164
@iehlasomans ces sceanen sae: coe eae ae ae 48,592
Giehlidp cs 82 5 se Shs es Shwe hae ew eee ee 542, 592
OfsHavanaye---c.eeaaneecine seis 48
CicontidsoLWexicojs-sceseaeeesaeiee eres 171
Gidaride 21322 s2 nc 5+ ses ae cte ee eee aes 260
Cidarisié sos. co2cteec cesses cee seeeeieeesonaee 260
motulana os ssccsncteeseeceee tees 260
TPHOUarSi 2) Le.c2 cc sciomee ee meee 260
tribuloides (25 -ssses asaceeeeeee eee 260
Cinghona‘anglica...sssc<ccwneceasmeciens sce 440
barks, analyses of... -=5----.0-- 438
Calisayai-. 32q 5 Jaicscisto wasn smcactsice 441, 442
CaTaADaY ONSIS assem ialaceeeeee cere 440
Cordifoliai.oscesn<cececeee eecess 440
Marskarliana: ..<<s<s-csesseccce 440
NYT eee sissies peice 440
JAVANICA cams st cles sieneeeeee 440
Micranthaacesocle ses seee sce eeeels 440
officmaliste se. 5.sn sp eceeeaeoeete 440
angustifolia ..........- 441
condaminea............ 441
Pahndianar cess sccepinatcie cet cis cle 440
Pelletioranay 2 h.ciceseescece: 440
PAAYONSIS= a. aap isseasaeisiaere 440
PUVPESCONS seen ees neces 441
Schuhikratit s2ens-na ieee cases 440
SUCCITUDAL sac aeb ea gasee eae 441
Cincinnati University, fishes sent to....... 1
Cingulaaculeus 22.2: -cecssecae seanseeees 306, 307
leptaloa Sis. -soaecmsinicpeskaccce se 306
IMUM UU Be opel ciectaee sales eters eee 307
TODUSLA hts eeweaeeasiouecete 305, 306
Vans MartyNli-o= <=. cele 306
Wat. SCIPIO: 22 osc-cniec cee 306
Cinosternon leucostomum......-...-.....- 197
iRG@ircusihudsoniusesece. see een tees eee ee 166
CirTrHISOMUS oe eee a= teeta 232, 233, 242, 605
SPN] eri es an ee eeae eae ee 237
GUTPTOUS) once naan Seas 238
CirrisOMUS!SPEN LOL ss socom eae = see 237
UEStUGINEUS oem se seis e eciee er 239
| Citharichthys ethalion.......-...........- 55.
new species .--...-. aS
CRyENNENBIS. -s2e sees ss 602
CIMOCeLOS)- 3-25 seca ene ee 602
guatemalonsis .--...-.:--.- 602
MA CLOP Searles acre saeie cee 29
MICROStOMUS epee ssl 29
octellatns tans merece senasee 602
SPUOPtOLUS pisisineie ei sae 53, 602
WOEMOLAIIS! ater ape ee came eis cele 602
Citillus Mexicanus..-...-.- Arar rats eta ese 129
Clarin—Myadestes obscurus ...-...--.---- 133
Clarke we roLebs Wise saocctnscamanecccenc 438
analyzed fulgurites... 86, &7
672
Page.
Clanealaalbeoliiecss tose 2 sons cane ce emia 659
DIAGIAUN see sence eae e ante 655
iyeMmalGec eos o-.=— eeisdaee oer 655
Clepticns penizara..--.--.---cecss- eee =- 45, 589
Glinus bimaculatas------.------+2se2-22—=-- 599
BROW TELS otal ole alo atte ieee ee re 599
SHolamrosttOMa:oaseiso-c ccc esate seas 14
ava eal se ere 7, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23
POD AU = aaetam eaiaelse mile eteminteeataiete titans 2
lio MOlICING = ans ceae ne ee eee eee eee 203
IMAI Bee ee ee wie antec deieenaie = 203
CCT On ae ee ee ee et ee 304
(lione) borealisas-=sc>-+ 5 = one e saclee eee 203
HMAC A ee csoesSeweecccee coset 203
(CHBIOGRIN Dae sa eae eae em see etter 415
Clupea anchovia...............-...------- 561
BPCALIS ee cee ance omineiaeetaieetas 561
CaM GIODISe eee eee ace maeee aS 561
CNTY SOCHIOLIA 6s <cces sate senteretala 11, 14, 462
NOON eee ele eit te eer 33, 561
ELYLOY MIS pee on <( ciate stalin a es a 33, 561
latulisfes se essa cosenceoscenceee 33
macrophthalma......-...-....-..- 33, 561
THAOUION Rae sins Sa eierern neces 33, 561
pseucohispanica..........-..-.-.- 33, 561
SApIGISSUN A ses ee oe eee eee 462
BATGING eee cece ee eee eee 33, 561
ClUNO ena caries eel eee serene eee eee 561, 606
Of Havana st: scecsccscccemere ess 33
Clypeaster humilis.....-..-..-...--....-.. 281
LEG GM TIES! «care stata stereiaicrersiayeraiaycicl 281
RAV ENGINES s cenkiasosetere seen 181
TOUMMNGUS ese sae eee ere ieee clo 281
ACUUMORMIS( saa see cscs eat =e 281
subdepressus....-.......-..... 281
Cl y Peas trite aes = sete we se eee oa 280
Cnemidophorus communis...-.-.--....--.. 195
COStAGUS ee aoe eee eee =e 195
guttatus.........--....... 195
lineatissimus ............. 196
sexlinesinis.ct-- es --see eee: 195
undulatus2 32ccc eens ee 195
Cosle. oH. bird named for-*-----..25..-- 520
Cobb, xr, Onwaleurite .- ess scene en 91
CHS 2c6 Ane Ssopco sss rondpecascsadccadce 342
Coccothrausates chrysopeplus..-.-.......-. 141
Coccyzus americanus..............--..--.- 162
MINOW soos ss Sees cece eeiee eee 620
Cochino—Balistes vetula.................. 54
Cochlearidz of Mexico..-....-0:........<: 171
Cochléarius !zeledoni-= 5:57.22 2. So hen 171
Codorniz'de copste:t 3.3252 scent foe assent 176
SOlitarIa. 2 eos te cecese cs saceoe 176
Gmeulairoswuatae. seciccescicealseee eheweee 566
SU COLOPLON TUS sete cae ome ie me ale ete ninteleieineone 265
Horidanusicce- ces coeawoccee ee 265
Ccerebide ot Grenada.......... Reise cestoee 612
of Mexico! s2522 cows neeweenioe dice 140
Coins discovered, Roman...-.....-.-..... 453, 454
Cojinua—Caranx chrysos........-....-...- 36
Cojolite—Penelope sp..-.........-....--.- 175
plan tesnes see se sae ee ee aaa eee ae 104
MMOXIC ANI Ee. ae ene eeeteaicn 160
Coleonyxelegans).-<2- 222255 scc5ccceme oe 191
(COMMS PSCLOralin. = Soccer seine ase cates 176
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Colobocentrotus atratus .........--------- 257, 268
Mertensil...-- seis o--es-- 257, 268
Colomesing® 2.525 tenssaicoce- see ep eeece 244
Colomesusx<:25-ssces--c-o 230, 243, 244, 247
PSIttACUS sea. see eee QA4A, 247, 605
Coloradiavss.si3:<ocnecss0asecdcenne 414, 415, 436
pandora Ce4 255223655 eater eae A437
Coloradito de patilla blanca............--.- 138
Colorado River, fishes taken..............- 1
Columba cinerea... .-et .ssectee eseaes ear 175
COTCNSIS...=-s¥seeemelseo ee sees eee G24
fanciata i c.ccengiseee eke ees eae 174
lenoptera...< =) ----ceseesa eee 175
MACKOULS ose cas eaweseaeee eee 174
Sieboldii.o3 Speke eee eee 639
Columbella (Astyris) rosacea ...........-- 215
Columbide of Grenada.........-......--.- 624
of Mexico: 2esa Ree soresdacen 174
Columbigailina passerina...........-.--... 625
pallescens).-s.s2n2t—er eee 175
Coluber scummatus? 2252222 t ese ee 185
annulatusisnsu-2 vol ctieee solos edece 183
SUTAGUISN eel ole wae oe seen eeee = 187
SULOX .<s-—2 epee cM oe eee eee 190
: boddaértil'. 32.4.2. 8iettiees ceases 185
CONChOs esses see ase eee eee 184
Clelia Wits eiwe ees eee eee 187
COLTAIS Lusi dees acted vetoes 185
flavirufus ssa .8ss see eee 185
nebulatus.: cts el toe eee 183
PIORIMUS oc yeset ee eee eee 186
sirtalisa---\soc2. See eee 186
Colubridsx of Mexico: <<. -222s-ccccsnene ee 183
Colymbus auritus .............000.--.---- 655, 658
COTMRUIGS Se oe soccer ees 655
cristattia....2 ORE Siac 655
GOMIMNCUS a. % 2H Se ce Ssee eee 180
holboolliii- 2c RS eee eee 655, 658
MINWtUS Vssse Hoo snee sae es eee 655
nigricollist 25.226 po eeee cee eee 655
ealiformious: <2. ¢2:s2cuxtesaeeeels 179
podicepsa si. aol o Bite eecee 180
Comadreja—Putornis sp ..-.--..-.......-- 129
| Commander Islands natural history ....... 209
Conejo real—Lepus sylvaticus ............ 130
Congericandicula:s-t2.2-20-a~esee eee 607
candilimbatns.<.5-220hee cee eeeee- 567
CORE ON === aes eee a eeee eee 26, 34, 567
esculentus!tsccc<s ccmcsteeeeaee teas 34, 567
MACIOPS sss ase soma sol eee Seeeeeey 567
multidens'<< 3222525 use ue eee 567
Congridwe. s.-s-ch ess teat sscee eee eee 567, 607
Of Havana) 2.2 ss ecessncteeccnmac 34
Congrio—Conger conger..-.-............--- 34
Congromurena dnalis.............--..-.-.- 567
balearica = 32.0. 5-c5e seek 567
Coniophanes proterops .....-..-.......---- 187
punctigularis:.........---.-5- 188
Conodon mobilis:¢¢<c.2-..ceten eee ee eee eee 583
Conolampas Sigsbei.................-.-... 286
Conophis|pulcher.ci2osoce= ea ee 187
Conopsisilineatus’ 22222 --seeease ens s-ce=e 188
Contopus borealigt= st Scmcsrletisceea once edee 155
POLUINa sone aa seaee eee eee 155
Conurns azteo. o. ee vec ee cea den Saree 163
Page.
Mongdlus) LULVUS, Val. aco <ssccebesccut tent 217
DUPWLUSyeseas~ ccc as ee eects Se 219
SEE PO Lag) a) Coe em eeememans seismic tail 510, 524
Woot)-<2-.-\-./- Nene aceesee reacties ones 408, 629 .
PRODUC Oh UPA (ta omeieeeis sepa bens eaiaia= da 395
BIGHeee VOI 1a5. Dee tsa's cases sos ecslarals 79, 82, 183, 348-
described new snakes 188, 189, 190
on Anelytropsis .-.....--- 196
Mexican reptiles ....-.-. 182
MOM D1 DOM esate eee sae = 184
Copepoda, Descriptions of parasitic ....-- 310
Copetoncito—Parus sp..---..--..-.------- 135
eng uitoyaplomadorsaseey-- sce esse se saeco: 175 1
CORNED eect see /sacn ieee aaa reireta sa 175
Mahmnontojesateoe saat seesicts 5 sei 175
Coraciadidz of Japan .-..............- 104, 192
Coraciadoidess of Japan .------.-.--------. 102
Coralillo—Elops sp...--- Bae ralcey cote ee 190
Henicognathus sp.---.....--.-. 188
Leptognathus sp.--...--. Re oor 183
4 Ophibolusispeia- iesecscre-as a5 187
IPOCErCUSISPses-+ 625-5 ee 188
Rhabdosomsaisp ie -ceene-2~ =< 189
Dee MIDOMS Dwar ane ese ccs oe ca 184
Coralliochama orcutti:.--...---........... 251
PETC Titer eee aL er Sa oe 621
Corbicula umbonella . 2... 25.4222..¢2-.-2- 258
Corbula subtrigonalis..................-.- 253
BLE CME ne ees clea ac cfescoson sek ae 396
CLV GNTOUNOLAX 52. 5ehie anes oe soe 398
RMRIS eee eee Sees 2 Se BS NSO oes 56, 57, 66
@oronel—A gelaius sp ..:...-........25.---. 151
Coronella decorata........-......--------- 188
MBRICENS vos aae aoe jackie dase obaeee 187
FORMOSA) seer sse sae ser sees ecaeae 187
Corre camino—Geococcyx sp .---.-----.--- 162
Mornvidw of Mexico... --. 2285s Sencec ne 152
Donvinaacutirostris:.-......-----<cceesec 587
pilopaiesce ase ssk hese secs ssonc es 587
i STON MLNS) dataeiaisaei fae = alee elas sca 587
PMCROUS ses niis aaa Sa ean eae 540
MONACAD UN aes aoe se feces Secon 587
Odontoscion dentex .............. 44
, Ciena TONCHOS! shes se es sete acee 44
stellen +2702... sha c ie 540, 587
HPEIS PIMOS ce ae caer ee ae eeite woes 587
: GY PESO = 225.5 seems 2 540
/e Corvus Covax sinuatus .-....-..-.......-.. 153
; TLD) Gea spogenoeeseL eabaessacauede 153
: BIMUALUSY ee ee Mes alse ee aoe 153
BEBCOTYGOVAaS SUCUS..- 2-20. s0c52622ssccce se ne 569
BRU VTIONOM AS a2 22a ost sass eee 560
Coryphzena. equisetis..-................... 577
IP PUTAS 256 sas ae hors sees 38, 577
lineata nc Jeera roee oe iea al es 590
Peis my AV TeTICLEO 21-4 | sehen ia ie nats eesti 577
of Hawamn at 2. eiccas Seas. 38
Corypheenoides sulcatus -............-..-- 601
SOnryPHOPteLUs ssc soc scee- nc seee eee ee 487, A494
glaucofrenum .....--..---. 494
Cory thophanes (Chamleopsis) hernandesii 191
hermandesi----sseee ees eee 191
wn Mcxicanus <----5- sess 191
Beer pirasvate LA 2 Le 589
m Cotingidw of Mexico .........-,ceccso-ee-- 158
4 Proc. N. M. 86-——43
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
678
Page.
Cotorra—Chrysotis sp)....0655.2 25022552. 163
Cottoaster copelandi........-..--..-...6. 9, 12,13
SHUMHALA eS ae ofa eee fees ee 9,14
UTAMIA SA etosass sacs eee ceedies 12
Cottunculustsese eee oc ee et eae nuance 334”
MILCTOPSascaes etre seca eee 324
WS Diseesaisates sane tee alae 324
TOL VUS 22s ce ese dee eae ae wake ce 324
Cotamicopss spa ccisares nue cheee eee 396, 408
Cotyle tulvipennis a ec sse set ieee 139
Cotylopussascssasse see ose ee tae eeeaa ses 485
Couch ientengnteees: acess aeee eee sae 144
Conues MDT Ae Mes ee eee ae 409, 410, 411, 412
Beaufort fishes of ..........-- 25
Conlipriees eek ee eS Ne Bae 620
Couthony sees he ee eee 213
Grabier sa! seers 3 ee eee be ee crag 627
Target. 2shousescnas. eae eeen secs 626
Cracid aot Mexicossssec sae eee eee 175
Crajo azul—Aphelocoma sp...-.--..--..--- 153
Crake; Baillorign es clyoe Shee eee es 396, 397
Button ste ee ese eee ee sae eats 401
Bed-breasteds 23.2: 55252 See eee ee 398
Craxclobicerdiy asso. see nook eae a Cee 175
Crayracionyecyeeuih a clk” Leeroy Ine eee tte 241, 243
spensleriyi i Mee oe Lean wea 237
TECISGUS eta aa eet ae ooh LAN Ea ey 396
Cremnobatesatinisy 2... Soe ee ee eee 599
FAS CIAbUS. ft =e oss. c sec scat 599
MATMOLAlUS! cb oS ses ee 598
MIGTIPINNIS. <=. 02. sass se 599
NOK ltssas sssckiaseceseces 608
@renellafabacesseo- hho: cose ccc shee abcd 207
Crenicichlafrenata-ces.<--ssssneeeeoe seen 592
Crepidulascrandis wien) os nee eee 218
OrexT6xes2s52vscetes Se postaten's seaesaesoas 400
Guy throthorax=.=--2h sees eeenae 400, 401
foOljambela-csscsuee ee so ee eee ee ce 396
DEACCUSISese seem eee a Eee eee eee sae 400
Fy SRT aoe toe oem tte ates arate te 396
Crocodiliajof-Mexicos 22.8 222052 ee ues 197
Crocodilidz, of Mexico..-....:-2.-..-....- 197
Crocodilus americanus.....s2--2-n:-<- -<e 197
Crossopterygians, radial desclanmenta in.- 7
Crotahds of Mexieo\.254.2.22scoccee es ees 190
Crotalusibasiliseus) 2.2 = =f -..2 ches eon nee 191
Guvissasi-ssee5-55sncceestee ees sees 191
bVIiSCMAtUS! «<2 2555 Hee ete ears Nite 19L
Crotophasaianiecss. ceric ccc s=5lfersieice let G2i
Sulcirostriseaccee sees coos e ee 162
Crucigera;menigenus\ sac soes-- -s--eeee ne 530
Websteri, new species. -.--...-.. 550
Cryptochiton:stellenizcs-- ose es eens eeeeine 217
Cryptotomus auropunctatus.....-. S28, 542, 590
?
45, 46, 47, 55, S26,
VET, SBS, 590
beryllinus,
Cuban species of ..--.-...-. 45
dentiens..43, 46, 226, 227, 590
TOSCUS Watseka tee aes 47, 228, 590
SPECIOS Of ja0.h vases ewe ae 22
ustus..-...'@26, SVS, 229, 541, 590
Cryptarusjsglleieeeeenss =). 2-223 scene 180
Crystallaria asprella........- Sosa 12
Ctenogobils:--o ns 26 -ee~ nes seseee 487, 494, 595
fasciatus.....-.. jee eieeee Ber 1 wa
-
as
674
ALPHABETICAL INDEX
Ctenosaura pectinata....-....0----e0-.---- 192 | Cyclaris flaviventris -......-..-...-..s--08 138
TOLER coc de pccusetecuncecbewsas 192 | Cyclichthys cornutus -............--...--. 606
Cuppaxtle—Piayaisp ---..- e-2ene=cs=~ === 162) |*C@yclogaster!--- 9. - 2 jceecaeeame =e eee 542
Cuauhpaloma—Columba sp ---.----------- 174) ja@yvelopterus nugus - <5. .<--- ose eeaa aes 597 ©
Cuauhtotola amarilla—Trogon sp.-.-.--.--- 162 | Cyclorhis, a new subspecies of........-.--. 519
= TOF ON sp. == seen a 16L flaviventris ----.-----2..-..:--- 381, 519
Cuba, list of fishes from......---..-------- bl yucatanensis, new
Cubera—Lutjanus cubera......--..---.--- 41 subspecies. ..-..-- 519
Mish coo NANICC : oi. ase see acer omnes aeeceen 620 | Cyclorrhynehus psittaculus.....-..-.-.--- 655, 656
Cuculidsx of Grenada.....-....--....------ 620 | Cyclura pectinata...-...---..------------< 192
PQDAD ese eee eee nee 101, 102 TONES ea oaaee see ee ee eee aes 192
NONI COM See's alate a elaieee ame el £62) |) Cygnus musicus -..-.--.-5-casas= vee 655 ,
Cucullwa Haguéi...--.-----..--.-----+---- 250 | Cylichna propingua ........-.--.---------- 117, 210
Cuculoidex of Japan ......--..--.--------- 102 reimhardtl 6.0 Soe eee 210
Cuculus americanus.....---------------- ~. 162 | Gymospira gigantea..---...--. 22-660 esse-= 551
CAYANUS -. 2.20. - one-one nnn - manne 162 incrassata,.<2.-ss-2ee-d Sane 552
MIGSIGAMUS seas aslo aigi-e is ait 162 litigerd: <1 .cccseeeeeeieee ees 553
Crvervo—Coruus Sp .--...---.--------+--+ 153i) CynopontiGus 2. .ne= semac=i seme =itae =i 567
Cuije—Barissia sp.--...------------+-+-+++ 194 WeGynoscion acoupa.s-.--2-sheodenbeeas sein 588
Cnemidophorus sp....-\.--..---..< 195, 196 TNAtUCUpAs—ssuelser eee eee ae 540
Sceloporus sp........--------.----- 193 léiarchus: eee ee 540, 588
Cuitlacoche de pecho pinto oscuro.--...-.- 132 macnlatum: 228 2stees sees 28, 540
Culebra—Adelphicos sp.-.-.--.-.---------- 190 microlepidotum.......--------- 588
(CaO ee ectaln a alle eres eel ae 186 obliquatum. .- -.-u2.e0seetee- 588
chata..-.....---+---+------------ 188 TOPAIG jose cane Sees sidan 28, 540
CHICA. «22 -- 222-22 eee ee eee eee eee 196 Teticulatum)s<s2--sseses =e es 540
=—@MOnACIS | SPiwis feo = an ae iaiatn 188 vires@@DS..--o2cic Rae 588
de agua. .-.-------+-+-------++++-- 183,186 | Gyphorhinus leucostictus .....----.------- 136
—Henicognathus sp .---.-.-------- 188')| (@ypring allitss—-2- 2-2-0 -ece eee 250
HOQTA.-- 2-22-22 2 eee e ee eee eee ees 185, 189 | Cyprinella analostana..-.........--...---- 8
—Ninia sp..,.---..--- bancercnnese- 187 cercostizma...222-sseessseses—e 14
pinta .-...--..----------2-2---e-- 183 tOXANA.. 2.2225. ese eee 17
rayada fe ecw ene cw wen nnn ene 186 TOINSES © oan eos ca oes nebo 14
PAMELA, one ae=© 6 meen ance amicinie mia =~ 186 | Cyprinodon felicianus....---.----.-------- . 564
PSS Shes teere oie eaa ele tele etree eae alata 187 Mart. <occce ee Reon eee 564
——RhapLOsSOMaS Piss 22 = 2e~ «es mae 189 Variecatis!-.a--\caseesee ees 26
SPUOLES ND Sasa erm eee eeaat ine 185 Tiverendl.<2oo coe 564
—Stenostoma sp-.-..-------------- 188 | Cyprinodontide....-..-.2-citee2e=sesenee 563
Pantin ¢22n es - --eseeesee ese se 189 ofibiavana.s- ssecseaeeeeee 34
Trimorphodon sp.-..-.-.-.-------- 184 | Cyprinoids, auditory ossicles of ....---.-- 72
Tropidonotus sp ..-...--.-------- 186 dorsal fins) Of .c-c.. eee 72
VOLO je eaaeise ee eae Pee eee 185 | Cyprinus, maxillary barbels of........---. 73
SG CRETE eee net ieee ae eet tee tse 483, 595 WMePAlOPS = a-424= cehoaeeee eae te 22
SAO CN See eleta/= ese oe eeie 483 | Cypselidw of Grenada ........------------ 620
amblyopsis.------ --- <---mesin-ca-=-= 595 | Cypselus vauxii ......--.-.--000..20------ 158
permigor ......---..------------.- 49, 483,595 | Cystignathide of Mexico ........--------- 197,
Cuticulus PONOMVOUS) pete en eee eee a 223 Fs .
Gurimatus arcenteus .-..--- --2cec.-cn-<e-- 560 | D.
HULGWaee- scae «ae Asses cee sees eriee apes 629 | Dactyloa nebulosa ..........-.-------es00 191
anos steak cans eee eee cess 629 | Dactyloscopus poeyi.--.-.---..-0.--------- 598
Cuspidaria—(Cardiomya) pectinata, var. tridigitatis.a-:-sseeensesre :.475, 598
beringensis..-..<......-... 216, 218 4° Dafila acuta. <n < (ceo esses «nn mnntemome 174, 655
EXIVN OTs Ao ohiaacdec wes cap cece RiGee 45,67 | Dale, Dr. F.C., Echini from ....-.-....--.- 257
and Valenciennes....----...-....-. Oe SUN a WY) eh ae cin an aoe oe aie 210, 213, 460, 461, 524
types, noteson.. 323 collected Echini ...........---- 256
COgARIG RES each naa a om onle natn el ojaaman cee onl 374 on Bering Island mollusks. 209, 297
Cyanocitta stelleri dindomath Ree al Lhd aise 152 Labrador mollusks ....-.--- ZO
Cyanocorax cucullatus.....--..--.-....--. 153 | Darters in Rio San Marcos....-.---------- 21
QUA MCG oot ose) s aietaletetale (eee = alton 1550) Darwin) Charles = 22-----.-ssse-seeeee eer 83
OUIVMDTES = 2 Scorn eee ee ae Seta er eel ee on fulgurites .....-...-. 88, 89, 91
Cyanogarrulus diadematus....-.------.--- 158),)' Dasyatideic-e ct is has-aceeeceeseee seme 557
CY DVO eae ene a. oe armen neg eee o74 |’ Dasyatis hastata-- 2... 2.s-sseat ees Riticiete 557
CPAVAN hs one rs os in x ee eoieacio cate mae 36 GSY1s acco eee ae cece saan ome 33, 557
CV CADE QUANG r lee nis): Gann ween eee aise 50L tuborculaty .<<c06-asacccesarss == 557 ~
BAUR ccac> ce -marbeee eee eee 574 | Dasybatis sayi...-.-...---.++ svn eneess ove 26
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Dasypodids of Mexico ....-........------ 130
Dasypus novemcinctus.......-.-...-..---- 130
Dayid, Porzana, found by------.-..-..-.--. 400
Davidson, Prof. George...-...-.-...!....--- 524
Decapterus macarellus...................- 574
PUNCtabus! cbse esc sc54 = 36, 574
sanctee-helen®...-.-.......... 574
PERC A GUS ae sie ace ee aiclels\ew'nicaeiccaa ates as 576
ECO ONL PUG lARI Ss! 2\< Jes /cecencaeneo cscs cc 5389
HORETAN GAC BOOK ep cotiwe casa ce ces cece ca es 300
MATIC asses arenas sles ss es = 298
Degeneration defined ..................--. 19
remarks on theory of.-...-.- TL
PESUICHOD GS sec ces ct ts ae as 80
Degoliado—Hadrostomus sp.--.--.--.-.--. 156
Degradation of structures .............--- 80
ontogenetic... --2--..ss..- 80
phylogenetic. ---<.= 5. scenes 80
MALtONGOSLAUS secs cies se's/-f = saanlacadavoce. 487
Denarii, Roman, discovered............... 453
Dendrocolaptes affinis....................- 156
Dendrocolaptidw of Mexico..............- 156
BIENUTHCODOS csecee Reet ences sear iae ee cc daze 108
PETIA TOCOPLOS eraefrisete tees Ssicnamaraoueee 108
PP EHOATOCOPUS io cise so cisias <1-e nee essence 108, 123
MMM ACW AUS) 22425) Sooo ain 120
PINetoroMy ceases See 124
MENATOAROMAS cetwic (cues so oes Sea sias 108
AN SWlawis): ces essa weehes 117
Moendncecaauduboni.. 2-222). sesss<cke< 137
CHEYSOPALIA xe sec ese sus Sees 137
BIER ANOIGA COS UVG csese mas = vse deeewe 137
SUCUDONocepeees o/S< cei seeecke 13
CUEYSOPATIA aes s5-52 Hosestics 137
COS UV Ae saeneieasine ae easel 13
DACCCHIA iin satelste eiseceielehie eae Gil
WIRES ermine tat ieee a staetaaeetat 137
Dendrornis flavicaster ...-..-.---c--sc0-00 156
Wentex filamentosus .2.....-...--------02< 583
MMACTONG MUS) 2-ejais sins te eels eee 583
Me:Oca,) Rafael Montes... -c-s224-.<caes 182
Dermatolepis inermis..........
Weshayes; Lacunella of........0200.---c25 212
PPI RIN AEO SERIA Noles e icine are Siar ese we Ste 47, 535
PERG GEE Fe oe ei Sacer bai sayrey tapes See 260
BBN ANS ATOrAl iS) seca ee ec saiks se access 584
IRAE Are cias/-taem sales nes cieraarsiee 535, 536
Diablo—Malthe vespertilio ........... 2... 54
PTCA act ataeh Is aysccic t's Sisto em. th viniae ee elece 265
MGXiCANUM snc eeceCeReTE ee 265
SELOSUIN rs cice se sesie <iel see = 257, 265, 266
BATTS OCS st Sete ise do con eee 265
Diapterus...... Sete afeisistsiein = Wie aie eae ee 589
ROMO Geilo at eee een uatoe c 539
POPU PACOU SEIT 2b ies nay aa eens eee 125, 172
GeneralaPorlirionscaeace cee ee eee 125, 126
Senor Augustine, snake named for ..188, 189
URC OROD ALIS Pe 25, fe ctr athe 2s A ie a 558
BC TOLONNY CLOT) Ye ticrs ear conan b tee es 241, 243
sDidelphids of Mexico .-.:......2..22..ce. 130
Didelphis virginiana... -2..--..0)seseaceece 130
miclossabaritilan wo. cnenieseee aoues 140
BUR se Oler a2 oo be Race, Sees ape ‘ 83
described fulgurites ........... 84
Op fulpupites..concsencsescces 87, 88, 91
675
Page.
Wilobomyctors sasewekercd. <soc -coeeuwes ose 233, 241
MilObOMyGterel eee eesssicae cic csmala nee 242
WinemuUsroret ene ser see aos seccceese weenie 577
VONUS UM taeaepmsineiainion a ceroeen si 577
Diodontatingas\o6 2 sss 5 ia bclecace ee caoe 606
MEOMEHTICUS 7 casiena= ses sess nasser 606
holacamthnse sess eae cece seee as >, 606
AY SORL Keres e eee tare ers a ere 55, 606
litturOsUS sees ees ate eee aie a5
maculatas) ss.cescses st osceaceeeees 35, 606
maculiferyc25- cis Mece on aeeue ne ce. 606
SPINOSISSIMUS)-saa5-1-4 nesses sees 535, 606
Diod onbid Bese setae eee ae 233, 241, 606
Of Havana. -2o 2/2 seoneeces 55
Diomedeaialbatrnss.... aces eee ee 655, 656, 658
derogatai..scsses ss eee ae 655, 656
MIGTIPES\-\a2 | oS adees se eeee eee 655, 656
Dionday ee sek Le Bee sean 2
@piscopa s+) 22. saceeseenseeees sees 23
Diplectrum!formosum=+--+<ass-eseseeeeese 579
Tadiale.sss: ahs eassawetee eos 579
TAINS): wei dee see eeiee eee 39
Diplesion bennioides.............-.......- 5, 9, 13
Diplodus/argenteus! +... 3)--.22sesecelsce: 538, 585
ARICSO ears Soe Se Lee 539
ASCENSIONIS= Ahaha eee eee 538
CAPCYSIS alos cicisin ate eae eee oe 585
Hav olin Gaius. ssc oeceee eee eee 42, 538
NOLDTOO Ky Pie eee bet seres ya ee 27, 538
probatocephalus .............. 27, 43, 538
rhomboidestese-cecne ses eeaeee 28
SOU CUS Peet aieia\acisastin sere eee 585
unimaculatus ....----:c-.6. A, 43, 538
Diploglossus (Celestus) steindachneri-..... 195
Diploglossus steindachneri................ 195
Diplolepistasact-e ee soeneesese ees yeaa 587
Dipnoans;fin=rays Ole. ---eeemeas ase ee es 71
Dipnoisactinotnichiajotoeseee sce eee TATRA
development of median fins of .... 73
AN GOL se Sis tas cornea oe ene 77
Dipodomys agilis ....... ..........409, 410, 412, 413
DiStuUd yo sere) Melanesia iaiei 409
FIGORMANN ss = eee ene ae 409, 410
moeasurementsiOf.- 260 sce o- 2e Aad
MONTANUS)|\.2 2 cine seco ce ee eee 409, 410
Ondine see he eee eae 409, 410, 411
phi pies. sake see eee eee 409, 410
phillipsts yao vekeee ease eee 412, 413
OLGi che as nee 409
(typicus)eeeen- eee ees 411, 412
PES eee eee ee ee 409, 410
Wietomer eee eels een Gee eee 409, 410
Dapsasicenchoa\/2t-s..22 45.52 ba4eoe ue. ee 184
LOMMIstratasce sos. Sees lech ke 185
Gemmistratase; eeek esssee le ook 185
DUD US Secreta ant ere eye a 410
DISGGUS see Nee RN er kee OE ay 557
Diver (Podilymbus sp.),....-.....-..-..--- 633
WRG G- Dag kee ties 2 ie oe ee sein ees gy 633
Di vesi@ivesys gost ees een sacs wee eueee Se 152
SUMMCHTASti ae ence wasese ess cece ee 152
MMOSONE MOT me jase ea ee ee mens SEs 2 410
Dr. Geo. A., shrew sent to.......- 222
Mocbor Birds essesumeeek ees ve wewe teeta. 619
Doderlein, Prof. Pietro ...... Se eee eae 856
676
Page.
Doering, George E., analyzed cinchona
DSUES Ee ceeeeeenee nce net tees cane cee caste 438
Dog-fish ........-.----csnnne sens: 310, 312, 314, 315
ORTH WOT scene cere crews sh banana enlenss nna m 74
Dolichonyx oryzivorus....-...------+----- 616
10H) Sees Re ea eeronccrcatia Pstcmationicing 436
Dominiquito del sur—Sporophila sp...---- 142
Euetheia sp...---------.---6= 142
negro de las caiias .....-..... 142
On Oel acca ket peceain emcee see ae ee ate er 60, 65
Platyglossus bivittatus........-- 63
Tadiatus' ss ls2s24s-. 40, 09
Dorado—Coryphina hippurus -.-.-.------- 38
Doratonotus megalepis......--.----------- 590
EHAlAASINUS ease aee— ee Some 590, 607
IDOEICHW OZR .csesce cece cdas se ciesanee aes 157
BUA ces osiee oe Nees sins estes naa ime 157
MWonmitstolesenaeee- se eeeeaen eee eee 478, 480, 48:2
grandisquama.....----.------- 544
PUNOLAC Mente atntete te ateietates< 482
[ehnb pg0p0 |B SeeneEOOerionabocaog sce 483, 516
UST tases ae ete erate 482
MACUAbHSeesc see eile AS, 516, 544, 594
microphthalmus..-...-...--..-. 483
MOTOCIGATIS ee eenn te ore a eer 261
Bartlettless--sesn= oweean eae 261
IBlak@leasessaees sae eeee eal 261
papillata-.-.....-------..----. 261, 262
Velt eo eee a seem ae 262
Dorosoma cepedianum ....--..----- 8, 11, 14, 24, 462
Doryichthys ..-~-.----------------------+> 570
Doryrhamphus lineatus ......------------ 570
Dove, Ground.......-.--..--..------------ 625
Mountain ees e-c~.- <- n= Ma teeeser 625
Peat eR eee ce meee ea tne cea cma ece oi 624, 625
OSG evelete teeta eete ee ee eae ieee re 624
Trinidad, PrOuUNd ss... ce-\eea=n=l-- + -- 624
irene aGeaccedcasssoassenees ane mnini=- 29
MTEsseleree cess se ase 107, 115, 366, 368, 402, 403, 408
Dresser & Sharpe........----- .---0- ------ 200, 201
Droitaumont, Count von Gourcy .--------- 366, 367
Drouet, P Picts drome ese sees 108
Drymobius boddaertii...-...-------------- 185
margaritiferus ......-.-.-..-.. 185
Dryobates ........----------------------: 108,120
a probable hybrid.......-.----- 524
CULDIS eee eee ee eer 113, 114, 115, 119
gairdnerii-......-- eee erie ate i -
COUMI ee easels sen eee ees 108, 110, 112
immaculatus .....-.--.----.---- 120
INS APA meals ene = amt 104
RNS ULAR Sieeasete eae amas ee aiz
Japanese forms of ....---.----- 108
japonicus......- 108,109, 110, 111, 112
leucotos. 408,113, 824,115,116, 117, 119
DELONG. toc pteetate emailer rate te 107, 117
THUR] OF (areas wis oe eat aaron torent a eye LO
MoUs. s-<-55-ees SAE e SES 112
SMINOREE pee = ae cee ee eae 108,149
MAMUIVOW scte= fen cles can OO Lun, kee
new species.....-...-.- L1G
ATM GAUL. ioe acre einai elem 521, 522
DUPE eee alates itn!= aixtmniaiala Rams etait 119
pubescens gairdnerii.....-----. S21
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page,
Wryvobates scalars c csc ds cease ae} oa eee 159
SULCIUTIS* -----s —s 10S, 114, 115, 117, 119
measurements of ..... aia
new species .--..----.- 415
villosus jardinii..........-..--. 159
DD TVOCOPUS seca ee cia ae orate ere eettetate 123
SPUN ie etree eee le elation 124
LT cD ef) SUN eeyerer arate rare aerate eee 104
MATEUS | cess esa o eee 123, 124
OE met tate at eee ete eta 124
PICUATASI a eee. semen ce 1235, 124
synopsis of Japanese ....-.---- 123
Dryophis acuminata .....--..-- See See 185
rvopicus! > .5-cecsese sem tae tem eenener 123
IDES OLOINS sate a <iye ralaca tte, a alee ace ee 123
Duck: Black ees seesacstade se eeaeeenee 65
BUN C-R6Ad OU see ae ods erent eae aie 659
ULL yee ct et one ee ene he teete aera 63
Ducks, (resh-water<seaee ane ae eeee eee 659
MOOS! Prot. PA: sete colceeietale eaten eeeaal 165
Onn Ken fs. ce ee caaite ats eee ciate eee ieee 213, 214
Dussumieria lamprotawnia...-...-----..--- 562
StOMTCTR ao aaaeeneee ene 606
Divbows kor cee... see sates ace eee 6357, 660
Wy ctlopiGus: —-s-acers ee ee ae eee eee 108
Dymecodon, new genus of moles.....----. 97
; pilirostris, measurements of-- 9s
new genus and spe-
CIOS |. saacseecoss 97
ne® species. ...-.- 97
Dysopes glaucinus ......-.---..---+------- 127
KE.
ICN ENOL TC Sees etal ale sla are eat alm eats ere 572
Echeneis apicalis....:-...--..---.--.----=- 572
THAULETHGOS mom: ae ele oe ccm s eee 27, 572
POSHICH ess 222k oe eee ee ee 572
Mchidnaeatenatay ene sec. acs eaieeeis siete 565
Gan sig es cces seas ecee eee ee 429
flavofasciata -----5-e..e cesar eae 565
fuscomaculatal <2 2. 2).--e=. 4-6 565
Bohinanthids 2.2 ~ ooo coc cee nennlbinn 281
chinanthus'rosaceus ~~~ s---sessuelen eee 281
testudinarius --.............. 282
Echinarachnius excentricus...----.--. 282, 283
THITA DUIS) as ne ces ee 257, 2383
PALMA ce eee arene 257, 283, 284
Echini, Alas eames se. siesta =m eterna 256
described by A. Agassiz -....--.-. 257
from U. S. Coast Survey-.....----- 255
U.S. Fish Commission. .----- 255
index to species of. .............--.292, 293
of the ‘‘ Blake” expedition ..-..--. 25
North Pacific expedition..-..... 256
Wilkes expedition ....-....--...- 256
papers of A. E. Verrill .....-...--- 258, 259
Re Rathbun cc... -e-n5en 258
recent, catalogue of......-.....---- 255
WehinidD -. 22-2 en sess see noes eee eee eee 276
Echinocardium australe........----------- 257
COLMAL NM = oc ceases ae 289
NAVESCONS een soe nese arte a 289
Echinocyamus pusillus .---.... ----------- 257, 280
Echinodiscus auritus ........2.----+--++-s 284
I&SVIG vc neve ss sow a= vieme'sn® 257, 284
- Page.
© Echinolampas depressa ..-..-..-.---.----- 286
BEE CHINOMOTLAGR .. <n \-2 seo ecw a1 core enin ume 268
= Hchinometra lncunter.....-..2--.--.------ 257, 269
Olona: eee seni nel esate. 269
Supa eo nlanisi esse so se ne aime Ooo
Nini By abr neeeecscd = eee eseene 270
MAGES cers miecyaemeietismsisic/siemcicle 270
Echinonéus cyclostomus.-...-.------------ 286
SRE UN ONL GO Re ete tats Ss soa a) ee iaea lalate siclniminla 286
ParOTEN OT ERE Nee erey eas io ais retaliate moe aie 266
CAIAM ALIS ee aes esa) cael 266
OUNC AG En eee ee eee hale 257, 266
BeHigninothumidse- cases assooce secu sce. se 267
MGHINUS: AOWOUS 26 ro ose Soaceicie close se ese
angulosus. - Drea ce ee rene Men st 297, 277
Clotansyeeese cesses eae a clcne/stee 207
CSCilentoSeese mec eeee eect eli 27
UNAM Sy pte res 2 etait eee oh altaisi ce teiciaie aie 278
AOL ATILGUS ee eeise tele sen la 278
IMATCAMUACCUSH se cc.ce eee case sale 278
TUAW PARTE Seta epeveterey ects eet eiote eerie 278
MORVO CUCU Seleteisiem ete as aioe 278
Edwards, Chas. L., on Tetraodontide ---. 230
pers eee trctee aa otic aaa sai 415
Bonet tawuiLeOMis) 2. as 2 Ae ce ae 169
ENTE Tp OI Seer Ne SE i a ate Sins asa iatetn ales aly 659
Pa CliiGeree nt acsis Cesena aceasta 659
Eigenmann, Carl H., on Eleotridine ------ 49.
Gobiidg ....-.--. 47:7
lacsteCanadaaee= asec a. a mate asreisietaisiaiss/ic 27, 572
Pa Galilee sessment cree sic cassie wise eee 572
Elagatis pinnulatus-...---..--------.------ 576
a Elaine martinica OE foe Seats aie Sistas seis ajzinii= G16
PBT IINE OP Oe ee ae ele a elaine) = ala elainleisiaiela= 186
Bilaprdea of NMGICOn <2 = set aeiai= =o mcim= cle minl= == 190
Maps apiatus -.2-5.-2------2- s----------- 190
DORN Ae eeate eas oleae awl elainniaie 190
MOU OCLC GUS a= atelopaic lomo ee eiseieioa orate 190
Elasmobranchs, development of fins of. -.. 7A
SE po nmin eee ee cee ree ae aa een ATT, 482
Pa PCL OD etc iene lomo ae == ermal 49
HNGOUINS cone ose see eccccce a -lass=ts 479, 482, 43, 542
PEQUNCCNNe enemas see eer eee ame 483, 516
DIOVUCOPS1S ase ner ee =eseec 5 483, 516, 595
Deli7aniaememee eae ace cmiaanaisiae 483, 516, 595
(Culins) belizanas: sc... <6 2-1. 483
grandisquama, type of ...-...--.-. O44
PERS SE ates eter eee trae ati ala) 483
; oan GaAGhi se stertee= =a lalla saree aes 482
, AVILA TES eaten eel esate 49, 488, 595
: aibirOns kee sais Serer ce es ascla sia 483°
f lan MICOp Sie = see asc ayia esas 482
MT CUO CS ies see anita aera ec 482
OMOCYVANCUS 2 a. siaiaeioicisiniatelaninicrme 482
PG lleee atte aa siete aay 483
DISORIS= eee see 49, 4979, 483, 516, 595
SOMINUGA Rosas ce eae Sees 484
sima ...... ee Re Satelite Seam Sie 482
LY POS iOlasassese = eee te 544
BOMMOLENtUS 555-6 sae sels 482
» Eleutheractis coriaceus...-..............- 581
SEN PESUPUS eeeee wes ses <2 —-eeeee ana ciota se 557
Spinicand aso... ee eee os 557
OPI sees eieea ian deans eee 561
OLeMavaN a ioeciissscpcispienighceciek'sc 33
a
.
F
4
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
677
Page.
Mos SaueUsiseete re ote ee mel eecet seers 26, 33, 561
Kmballonurids of Mexico .........--..... 127
SENN STZ AGUAS terete tele ra na ayaretnta ieee ai 142
Embernagra brunneinucha...........----. 141
Hm blemaa aval pOSieieaaisistei= oN elarateimiestalere 608
Embryology in classification.....-...--.--- 75
of fishes...-. 8L
HMM eTiG HHS Viekaa eee seman ne so eeioe an aeeas 508
HM CLtO ny wel est enter sretseie = acetate else 324
Empidonax fulvifrons rubicundus ....-.--. 54
THDIC TC US eye eta tote eisrale 154
Him vdieo OL Mex Comes .c5 cise nee eee 197
Bnchelycore mierican -sse2s-245 sess 5e2 a= = 565
Hnchelyopusencnccea esate se eine aerate 542
Enfipnetta stelleri .-...- S mlsiati intent s\atstnctniae 655
Enclimatoceras (Nautilus) ubrichi........ 251
Eneopelcaliformica;scss--cosceee seerieeee 285
AMAT ataecss= csc aimee ae teeeaels 285
STandis 4/5526 22) a52c ik ceadeismemtetere 285
MOL CH CLUMe iete a seein cetaceans 286
MIGROP OTA tess ee teases aces 286
Mngelhard) Brot.) -s-3.---s ses dseeeneeece 449
Engranulididz of Havana.......-......---. 33
Engraulis argyrophanus, types of......--- d25
cheerostomusi--=-.- 4-52 =\s-e5see 562
Hn eSyptilaralbitrons = <2.) sae ees ee 175
WollSiear ees 22) vec Ute ages 624
Enicognathus annulatus ..-.....---- ores 188
MONT = enon iad semaimec wistiisins sjeceiseie rains 644
EM DICUPIG ss ee wo ae cinlse se seis eniawece. ee eiae 644
HMMICHTUG': se 2 sce se eecsene seslc= Saseeees ese 644
Enjambro—Enneacentrus guttatus ....... 40
SD reese mere eiater 41
HNN EA CONGEUS ees pews eisiec ees ens sesame 581
Cubins 3se- eae a oteeesetar 581
fuUlViUS) Sse sso okies caceseees 41, 581
punctatus:.-- .--.:..-. 41, 581
TUDOL = 25325522 hice mae 41, 581
ULE LAUR ete eee tase teresa ee 40, 5P1
coronatust-a-esecee 41, 581
punctolaths =e eeeeeeeee 41
THENIONS= 22 5-\2eee aes cee ees 581
Bntomacrodus' .2--.5-5-=---5-5-6eeeeasines 599
Ephialtes|clesanst= =. se ccjsmlen sm alesse 639, 640
elabripess- ee sesaet sees eee 640
Ephippide.-.-.--.. Be ee ala eee ee 593
Of:Hawanal.-22-<c=<-secisseeesee= 48
Hp hippioniisees eeeeeelet cee sien siete - 241, 243
Epinephelus .--.------.--.-- eet steeretetetsi=/= 32
AdUSCONSIONIS wae ae esac 581
SiN Uae ateteteyeyestatate cate etetatataist stats 40
ASCENAIONIS He Aasecee acess e 40
CAO eeereee em eee niece eee 40, 581
drummond-hayi.....--.------ 474, 581
Aavolimbatusi<cec-- 0-2 sce0e-% 475, 580
lomnlatwswtesecceee eis ceceace es 40
BMOVIO meso ee 27, 40, 466, 470, 580
mystacinus ...--..-... eee 40, 580
MIGMtUSiscadasss te secoe esis csc 580
DLV, GAUSS eee e = seas 475, 580
ODES OT eteete ateta iain (ae alalaeteielaiate 39
punctatus... .<--2. .<..5. 28. 40
NEVA WLOlmas ceclsiecec ce ssenisae 40
striatus ..... eine pies s eisinaeniae 40, 580
Epinnula magistralis, .....--y:eereeereree- 574
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. :
678
Page. Page.
Eprpedorhynchus ---:---- ssccess--e- rane 233 | Etmopterus spinax.....-.....-.-.--------- 555
Epipédorhynque -2--2-:--.2.2cs-s.s-seeees 243 | Etropus crossotus -..... See elee eee 329, 476, 608
ques acuminatus ............--+--------- 587 MicrostOMMsS «=... ----2---cnnenn- 29
§NCeOIAtUS? o22c ewes ete ee eee ewes 586 MEMOS NS ae eee eee eee 602
UGH Ob ote acc na ae eee eee nee Bove GA DLEP NAIC ae wne ce conse same ea eanae 191
ponctatus.-=2ss 222+ nee= nc -ee wenn) 40, 0800) p Xoo nOstoMmUs Pululaecs ss. ess eee se eecses 44, 589
Erethrizon dorsatus epixanthus.--....--.-. 222 productus .....-- NET 2 28 45, 589
Ereunctes pusillus..--..:..--------.ccceee 628 pseudogula --....-2---.....-5 45
Preaticus ruber---..-5.2<-.--.c-----s-<--" 138 ZOPTAL. sesesee cone eee ee 44
Prmivymnba buccate ----5-2.scece-asse="sen= 462 | Euclypeastrid@ .........--.----cceee---=-- 280
Wrimyzon’ sucettas-------oee cee een em = 462) Buctenogobiuss.-.2--ssnecsuedaeree nace 487, 595
ramatara rn pidals.+s.2-s<e>-mecee tee 174, 630 lyniGusiwiesccmecesemes eae 496
Brithacas’ komadori’ <-22c25222-205-2-s2-<- 644 BAgitbula sc ..ceeece ee ncase 497
HMUMINO seer oe aes e eae etccteas eeeeeae as 221. strigatns soo se- ee eee 595
Airotelises-e- see eee tas cane en ene 479,482, 48% |. Hacyclogobios ..---.----<<.02--.---s-e<= 501, 502
smaragdus.--....-.......-. 49, 484, 517, 595 NOWberryi .<.26oscececeess 508
VWalenciennesl c+ s-sesen- ee —— 49, 484,595 | Enetheia pusilla ...-...----2..----...2.---- 142
ize Ghats eee oats areeins eet tetetereretete are 405) | Sh tethia bicolon--c= 02-5 -n se sence eee 614
Erythrichthys vittatus.....--.----..--.-.. 5857) Havenesfulgenstess... soc. cone nce ence no 157
Der yr uN eee ere oe ees ee eset melee 960)1|; Wilamia 2256 3 -yece dees Seen dee er ceeee eee 555
Erythrinus cinereus ......--.............. 560 Jon@inanate. ao seo se sesemee ane 555
tythrolamprus fissidens ......-.-.------- 187 _ NICATAEUCNSIB .<o.. ces eoceeenes 556
imperialis -----.--.0..---- 7 LST : ObUISBepsecces <5 eveseotaee vonane 555
DLOUELOPS wcess=-oeene sees 187 | Eulampis holosericeus.-.....-.-..-...----- 619
punctigularis .......<...- 188 | Euleptorhamphus longirostris .-....-.---- 569
Kscambia River fishes--...-.-..---...----- 462 Velox Nass s crane eee 569
Escolar Chino—Verilus sordidus....-...-. 42 | Euleucophzeus .....-. Je emcees eee ners 415
Escribano—Hemirhamphus pleei ---..----- 35 | Eumeces furcirostris...-...--...---..----. 196
Bee cescen eee 35 | Euphonia elegantissima..........-.--...-- 140
Eslaboncillo—Diploglossus sp..--.-------- 195 Ha VARCOME es -jntein te nleeete see ie 61:
Oligosoma sp’..-.---------- 196,'|; Bupleura sls 5s ses setic asta ee eee ee 302
Esmeralda—Gobius oceanicus -.--..-...--- 49 | Eureka Springs, fishes taken near ........ 2
SOx sme teeneacmabemmeneenane 339, 340 | Euschistodus concolor ........-...-..----- 593
Welonese-e osteo wecee ence eese $39;'340, 356) | Hien ar PLOxIMA- sos. sees ece wee cee 186
VAI HPLIUN eee eee eae ims 351 pulehilatwe ss. ecee es eee eas 186
brasiliensis -----.-.-..B47, 352! 353, 529, 568 Scalaris soo) 2 22 Woes ascents 186
imperialis..-.-.- Ces woe e eee eee 355, 356, 568 SINUMUG Gwe set meen seein 186
LOMPIROSHUS =Aeea-so GuSe Se ee 35] | Mutainia proxitia.-.-2------e ses en eee ee 186
TOI Reese a epeea atten ae 340 SIUGRUS So sane saa ee name eee 186
TOUMCULNHIS. - ew nen ceteaticc secs ceens 463 | Euthlypis lacrymosa..-..........-.-.---.- 138
SGYNOUUS: eee sew ee Semee mee emia lie Eo Eee ELI SAN tee ae ole 302
MOELM CWLAGUS ieee cece Seems cciacme 12 | Euthynnus alliteratus .... .........-.. .. 574
BONS cee coe aimice smoke eee eee omnis 527 PONY Ses ne cases eee eee 574
Wrelis OCUlATUSS $402 eacee es cece see eee 42,583 | Evechinus chloroticus .-.-............!... 220
Mie OBLOM A coset nace s soe ten cee basic 1a | CE Verna nee Ween eee eee eee eee 25, 473
HSPN wee seekeacmioeeecsesne 16 on) Germitiie: + cscs eces see 44
barrett estos es eecsecee ete ate. 10 on new fishes.......-.... 466
WSaNee se tonsa ees aeeta 464 | Evolution in species-muking ......-..----- 78
Cooruloumts*2. cee wares 12R | DH Vortbnogad cae scee ena eae sen eee eee 479, 486
spectabile...... ee LEDNLeal brevicbpeys- 2 ee 486, 517, 595
AAveMSTG soso ce nearane 465 CHRQLUS 2 oe ee ee eee ieee 494
fOSifOTM ~ oso enesue eee 9, 10,13,17 | Evotomys rutilus Gapperi ...-...--.------ 223
PIS DO hee aioe ate aise tele 12 | Evoxymetopon teniatus......-.....-..... 573
NOSS1ee ee seme erate eel ee 9G |) Hxocewtus--- 2-2 2 n conte emem we mane ee 339
lépidnm .2sess-e-- + seem me 19, 21, 23, 24 aIDIGaCtyIUS <6 sec cee ee encen ase 528, 569
nigrofasciatum .......<....---- 464 DHRIES YS ee ee es elena ee eee 528, 569
SARTO te re cece eee eet 13 CYANOPUGEUS arcs cee ee eee eee eee 569
BOUAMIGONE 52-0 cesemee erase 464 Gypeote. sn sesermne 528
WRI NER ooo es come mnpe alemielaiete 9,13 SGN ose aera eta atelier teeter 569
ZONNIO a3 ce = 5 Shades Sameereions eee 5,6 furcutist.-csoecceee Bue aes VFSF, 229, 569
ATCANSANUM.c=-.s ose ace 13 cibbifrons, type of..........-.-.. 528
new subspe- Weberurus<<- soc. eer = 225, 527, 528, 569
7 Gles ae S222 5 JMONLeN ase eee emeeeemee 569
Etheostomatine, distribution of..........- 24 lineataus; type’ of::-..--:.-...52.. Ses
Etheostomoids, favorite locality for, -..--- 10 maculipinnis .-.,.---- peyeeet ee 225
\
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Exocetus melanurus, type of .------------ oz7
NivricaDs..--.------------------ 5c9
noveboracensis ---..--.--------- 225
Tondelethsesssa=+2----e eieacee= 569
TUApMMNIS |=. 2--------------=—" 569
seylla --.::-----2+-----2-5------ 569
TELMICUIAVUSsa=esss2 css ees 569
vinciguerra®-..-..--------------- 569
WOlAGOLAsassanse sacealsica eect a 569
VOM baNSieeeasnieseaiae cee tees d27, 569
Exogyra, aquila..-.-.-..---.--.----------- 251
BPlOuMas em esse eis cisee =e ee ee sl 251
COStatian= = scssaseesscls c= = ='=1 == 251
Via) PLUMAS 2c os'asiei= ie 251
leeviuscwlansss<csscscsccer eee ee 251
walkeri ...----- pel ueee See obee! 251
FE.
HENAN CHITENSIS? <= s1=2 42 seiea 2 === === ele 4 973
alco, anthracinus:.---- >= <---s2-=--=c 167
CHChiNN ANS sasasececcem esse semi’ 168
cheriway .------- SRE eee ae eee at 168
Columbanus: -sss-ocnc- ecm sess cee 168, 622
[SOMES ses o soo cise coon sooeaoses 166
OLNAUNS!-— <4) --oeie woes inne en elni= i= 167
pensylvanicus .--..--------..------. 167
PlUMPEUSS sa 22-26 a= === 168
SPALVOMUS sesso... eeeltal ee a= =e elas 168
ES Xe een tate ate eatery ele otis a= 168
Falconide of Grenada. .-.-----....-..------- 622
OfmWexiCOs so 542-7 sase esos one 166
Meld OL IMOXEC Ose = eens eo == ele cine aie 128
OMIA pitches es eee = See reE eee ee 128
ELTA ee eee eens es elcnaceta ete late ofa 128
HES tesa ietae cee atalino meee leis 128
Ferrari-Perez, Fernando, on Mexican ani-
mals@ot2scl5--. 125
on Mexicanbirds 150
Mexican mam-
MAS see ee he7
Mexican rep-
tiless:2s220k% 182
ewkes) he Wialhen: sos. seen seco ees cees em 259
Biber zibethicus:.-2--2=-: =]. --seseseace--- 223
Mi DWlariatUStrayisi- 25. s0: - cs sss sie eens en ole 257
VOW Anes sen see sence ne emanate 280
Di bulariviansscsses22ecescceccse-+ dcetece === 280
Miedler IG: Gees = esse ce acaea-—== Eades a 83
; on fulgurites .....-.-.------83, 90, 91
lightning strokes-.....--. 90
inieraster dm bius'+--2->-4-5s=cesess<-=----- 600
MIGLASTETIG 2s =o sec- soso eect eee see eisen se 600
Figrillo—Felis tigrina...-.-------.-------- 128
Hilomena—Ampelis sp =:=22----2. 2-2... -- 138
Fin-rays, development of, in classification - 82
dichotomy; Ofe-=--. sens 251-——-(2 75
in classification of fishes. .-...71, 77,78
segmentation of......-.--------- a)
Mins, admpose:..- 25542 sen /s[- = )sn se amle ae 72
fitanslOcatiON Ole. cam le eae =a mene 76
Hiseter) Dr. Paulissesccsnso0 senelsee renee: 206
Fish, Fanny E., found Rhinoptera.-.-.---. 220
RASHOLs WH: iro sc os ce== += feeb els asec ae 222, 297
Fishes classified by development of fin-rays. 82
conditions favorable to.--..---.----
20
Page
Fishes, Cuvier & Valenciennes types of... 325
distribution of fresh-water...-.-.-- 24
FLOM AEKANSAS sa aniaeicueaselseciae sess 1
Escambia River...--.--...... AGS
Indian Territory..-.--..:--:- 1
Rewase esses aceite 1
genesis of species in.....----------- 73
genetic relationships of.....-------- T7
new, from Gulf of Mexico......-.- 466
OMBORULOLbsae se eee coe eee aro tote 25
Texas rivers scarce ..--- le Sait 23
Wiestiindiesies. cece smnte d54
range of variation in..-....-..-.--. 34
trinomial nomenclature for. ...---.- 24
RSE ATIAISOREA GA ee aisiees smite ataleleteial lela lal 570
TAD ACCATIUD Y= aces eyseme mercisesers 30, 35, 570
Mis tulaniidasys se ose else see e lates iste 570
Of Ela an ay sees sate eab setae stele 35
Florida fishes, notes on.....--.----......-- 225
Why CabChen eee aeee es =a ene ie eee ae 617
Hork-tall. 253 -etecessseeaeee cae 619
HodiatoOVMacuhis peer cco pe eee eee ae 569
HOT DESIee at ase eae eons san cemenaeeet eee 303
IP TOle ae AS ie ciesorene cep moncineene sete 2
Fordice, Morton W., on Belonidz.--..---. 339
on Eleotridinz...-.-.- 49
Formicariidze of Mexico.-.-...--.-.--.------ 156
HMOrrer Ass He hiniLrOomeen ee ss dees 256
Fort Smith, fishes taken near......-.....- 6
Fou (Sula sp.) ------- Bdodeh Lo deeusea ee 630
Nie OMY G) sondooesesdonorsonmesosesaactiods 221
Fraile—Cyanocitta sp -.---....------.----- 152
Fratercula corniculata ..........---------- 655, 656
Fregata aquila .........--..----- ----169, 630, 657
INLD Oeste ae aero te a ilo eee telat 655, 656
Fregate (Fregata aquila).-...--...-.----.. 630
Frogatide of Grenada .--...-...------..--- 630
INGA COS eaten eine ee oenents 169
IHG LO se eee teeta siete ieee 297, 301, 3804, 306, 307
Bring lai cinerea a= se =a eee ee = ee iel-llal= 145
linccolniits eos 22e2e oeeesee ee 144
MOXI CANA eee ese ee eases a sates siete 149
TUDEA eee s cece eee ae as eos 140
SOCIANS Pete nee etsee ee meorise sae 144
Fringillide of Grenada....-....-.-.----.-- 614
MMGXICOl sae he cmt e eee acces 141
Wars HA Mie eels a aia ele orate eee etal erate 120
collected Dryobates -.------- 115
Fulgurites, analysis of ...--.-.--.-----.--. 86
bibliography of ....-.-.--...-- 90
describediepecesmccceeoes aces 87
fORMIOME eee eee ee eto eee 89
Mierrilllons ese ehceesce cee ae 83
papers On .......-------------- 83
SECUONSOheo ase eee erie esac 88
wing-like projections of. ---.-- 88
Puligula affinis....-.--..--222---0-.----.--. 174
Fulmarus glacialis glupischa..-.--...----- 655, 656
MOU OLS UGE ma ievielsfelate= sia 656
MET Carrere ios sae aysiraitermtna\ sale en einim ales 395,408
SBEIOPS Ee sem celeste a ate oes ols latent 408
AMIOLIC MI Ree eee apie ireisinee eieiere =iai 177, 629
BLACSIACEA eee ciseininie os ictal ve wialam 408
ALSLULMA eee mer ates wee alee laine 408
SULA Eee eee ecloeote teen welkecc: ) Sey
680
Page.
Hulica\atra japonica..--..<---=-22-s<b.se%/ 408
UO TIEM GM 9 attics te guste ol Sim nh ane tad el he 408
GHINGTISIS) S<.05 aida «shoe an oe eo 405
CDIQCODUS oa. F eke eka) ‘vets 406
ONES cn a niccclate a ea ee eats et wre 404
TAT ALS capo ons sient ta ee tele aint 408
POMC IROSBA <a. eee ae eee eee 408
TRSORM) a aeie cu sia eeele eae a ele etait 406 _
PPAR) « _ Late osect bee ore eas 408
I@NGOL Yan ascent eee 408
DIdby NEOs sateen ee eee 408
DUM StS as eeitasea eee seen eee meas 408
nnd ulus | bermudss js. 2cs eserees sae aere 564
Catenatoseace--asee eee eee ee 5,12
cinsulatus ...-.L=.8-eeeeeesnse A463
type of...-.- = a7
FOUDCO A a camnan = niton =e eee 564
ty PeO\Oh sa sene- wees 326
heterochtas: .-<s-ckettn. --cee2ee 26
Te AS) eral 2 vista sm ee ee ered 26
THIZOPNOLD cece eee ee ae ein 564
ZODANUS seem siciacelamts(an see masa 527
PETS 2 Cre ciate eae epee ete etn oleate 222
BUNSUS ALCWOUS ss << soi one eee eeae 215
Gancellatws ise... secs assesses 213
RTECS Gano sao= screener oosagoS 215
GOLOrMe:.< <5) --= pe ceases = eeceee eee 304
(Buathria}iconnlusses-2--eeeees scene 302
OLCLONENSIS.soee eek —aseee ee seeee 212
(Pyrolofusus) deformis .....-...... 304
SPILZDELFONSISio- 3. ~~ see cecee eres 205
terebralis:. ooo 2.5 cet Stee =o 215
UULCOND eros ee soa a eleee eat eee ae 304
G.
Galtie e esse denn does aCe eee a Lc 601, 608
GRAM OW ies esac niinr cane wo ee eile Seine eer 201
/ ED es aropctate eee ee ec sista oie euros 376, 385, 388
Galambas—Tantalus sp .-.-.-.....----------- 171
Gallantina—Cassiculus sp......---..------ 149
Galapagos Islands, oyster-catcher from -- - 325
Galeichthys albicans. ----<..-2=-ce-p=es--~ 559
STCNACUS coop eee eae els 558
SARLINIIS = 5c.) once eee 559
arbUs <a eassew ee samen 559
Dloehic.- ssssereesoses oe nee 559
diaperinki ? 7-2. - 2c e<ccne == 559
Gubiisieenssn cee see eeees ene 559
emphysetus .-.-..---.--...... 559
OLA 2 os. heeeeee ah LAR EI 26, 559
BEET EE een etc Siscic as saacioge 558
HAV OSCENS!=c. on tebe ar eee eae 559
PTANGICASHIS. ~bLee cee eteeccen 559
PTONOVE se cece ais sere Geaeaaas 559
bee d evdes Waee Be re eos 559
lationps Peees= sen acetas scene 558
IUBISCHIUS oso su rans eee 559
melanopus\sceco- wcaceshles=see 558
HROSO PS ao sola sels aie eee ee 559
MINGDALIS Mb einen cicnin arate 559
parkeri ---..--. ene kea eee ae 559
fee Se eee 559
(DASAILY: io ciniote ame ata ee aaa 559
phrygistus.. 02.00. an.ceeetien 559
DLOOPS ox 25+ 4 aicme nin ge ogy aot 559
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Galeichthys rugispinis --.--..--.:.2....... 559
: ginieticassis!-2. 2.4 oe 559
surinamensis...-.-.--..-...<- 559
temminckianus........-- eae 559
Galeocerdo maculatus...............--.... 555) |
MOTUS soe ee eee ee eae 555
Graleorhinidie::< 55 24221 eps pe aueeecioe 555
of Havana ..-.... at aes Chats 32
FAICUS CANIS 22555 sssl sees en = sae oe 32, 555
Gallareta de pico blanco. -.-.:............... Lah
Gralligrex. nasa. 52 sas e ena eee 395, 404
Cinerea Ah oe ee ee --- 404
QTUSUAbA son sacs ame eetatretet 404
CIIStAUUS no ee oe gah are eee ee aeee 404
Gallina de Mostezuma........-...-.-..--- 177
soldado ....-.-- wane van See newn nie 179
-Gallinago delicata......--/2--ssacesememe 178, 628
Gallinita de ciénega). 2-2. ~~ aoe ewes 177
Gallintlag: 2-22. 2-0. eee eee 395, 406
paillond see <o2 esc anes certs eine 396
Mle easerroreacse o-e feces 406, 408
cristatas == 2-2. 4220 e eee 404
Bay thrina/ 2-26-2225: oe ase 405
erythrothorasse. 254 oe pees 398
OVYTAGUTA aie eeienn lena ne oe eee 405
CoC E soe ece pene pease 629
Pulanis\{cocc cee an ee eee eee 404
JAVA Cae — nse as aa eee ee 405
MGT DYIS | acise a oe alee ee 404
TVIRD 225) aceen oe eee 404
OlIVACE Rs 2 ois sears op eee 405
PSCVIILONS ooo s ae euee nose 407
[eh OCD anes SaSee SoaSo saat ee a 405
PHBNICULUS. eens ee eee 405
be ae eee eee ee 404
porphyrioides 22s - ane seeseeee 404
pygmea -.-..--. ------- 2-22-22. 397
sya yfeaaite).0 a5 sceciaeniog aceon se sssc 398
Stellamscars.-.cosnco seen eee 396
Gallinnle.Purplote. ancsscenss arene areata 629
Gallinules of Japan.--.--.---.....-....... 395
Gallinnlophies-ere=s-somen es eee eee ee 404
Gallus marinus f. Faber indicus..........- 37
Gambel, Dr. William... .---.-..........-. 409, 410
GamMDUsIA. = a.<s= soc =seeee eee 17
development of.................. 81
STACIIS oo ae aaa eee eee 22
humilis << .<< <<. css cneseeestse se 21
moelaplenra.-o- shone fe ee eee 564
patruelis. ..8, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26
WOT 2 ca che nase see te ae eee 19
Var. TMS eee aoe eee Zz
PUNCtata- =~ -/-5-<0s=aee= sens 34, 564
puncticulata ......----..--.....- 564
Gannot; Blne-faced i... 2=2.2-c<ccascnquaes ee 631
Garden Dy oe. cce ne oom aela nee eee 60
Gar-ish; ecommoly-- aye soe-pceb seer h eae 351
Garman) Samuel) ..o2<235-n4ce5sseneeeae oe 354
Garrapatero—Crotophaga sp.------------- 162
Garrulus luxuosus'..->.-s-<csc0csecuscawes 153
Garza azul—Ardeasp..--.-.--.--s00--.0=s 169, 170
blanca chica... 426202 ane ease 169
PTANOS ses a o'oa noses ue ene 169
pinta—Tigrisoma sp.-.-.---..--- ae 170
Garzon—Tantalus sp.--...-.------ evsecere JT]
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
681
Page. 7 Page.
mS Gasterosteus, development of spines in. --. 71 | Gill, Prof. T. N...:...49, 57, 62, 82, 229, 230, 242, 243
ayaa tie Ao eee genet wae 575 244, 245, 477, 486, 494, 495, 499, 502
DP rer ysnbeter os <2 theless! Sie RGU Pro Meee te Ee Baca --509, 510
Maliawicatustessees= tenets seer Os5i Ny GuilliGbulivsi aera tesa anatase ae 477, 480, 509
POALPIOUS esses 238 | . Minabilisyscsseeees+ 42% 509, 510, 518
Gastropoda, Labrador marine --...--------- 203 skeleton of.......--- 514
MG AStTOStOMUS conc ecacsees see eeleeeees 81 | Ginglymostoma cirratum.......-...--.---- 32, 555
~ Gato montes de cola corta—Lynx sp --..-.- 128.| " POL VOM sce eee eases 555
Gauliny white ©...---- <6. secessccslee oon G2 Gis Grirar ditUS eee sees ertele ate elem wlete ee lsteiale lore 563
Gavilan, Astarina sp-..--..-...--.--------- 166iei> Gitonstas ciate te sess-seeee eee seisetat <lelar 565
G6) Parvadaapeccio es <2 5- = Cuties 167 ae VaRIOLOSUSemceman mae seme cles 558
STGtimiaispees=s-sossse shee srl 168 laucidium phalenoides .--.--.-..---..... 164
MOLTO cee ee ese eeee ee eatees bn 167 | Glaucionetta clangula-.--....--.-...-....--- 655
tonto aplomado....-.....-----.--: 166 AU CLONE etetee oie etele el 655
TONCONCHLG see aoe ese as ae ea = 166 | Glaucis|hirsutus <<< 0-22 occ sera n a= oe 619
iaviota—args Spyeoe asec eee ece =e ac = ETO) Gomer. (eee 4a ee as eee eee 365, 367
SiueEn aS Pieceeee ee eee es Seca AGP GeLOM CTE yao raainterelsiala y= alate inl ile leral a detente 414, 415
REC INOUOS Toe oe ee tee ne tases es nobel 104 | Glyphidodon declivifrons ..-..---....----- 593
EBC TT TS alice eerie cide soe cinaaiateeebieee 104, Tudis ¥205 235 oe eee 593
CEMUE coeconeaocserEcetacece cect 106 Saxatilis---2- 2-2-2 --22) ---=-= 593
Gempylus sepens..-...-..--...--+-------- 573 {auLUs 3253s) Pee este 593
ReneN@ION see see sais a= Bese a eee eer ee cous 2eu miGrn e line een ee seneiod sone teaiecc aloe eee 294
_ Geographicaland Exploring Commission of f Gmatholepigsee seas asec ece ase ae eae 487
Mexico, animals taken by ....----------- 120°) Gnathypops macrops)----.------4------=» 598
Geomyidez of Mexico....-..----.---------- 129 MApLlOSUS oss -ese eee eee 598
Geomys mexicanus.....---.--------------- 129° LY SbACINUS ate ose eee ee 229, 608
Spee eae tea a Ue oe 129 |-Gobiesocidw ..---...----: Sesh ise es ORE 597
Genyatremus cavifrons .......------------ 584 | Gobies,.list of species of........-.-.-.--.- 515
?Genyoroge canina.........--.------.-.--- * 41. |. Gobiesox carneus -- Sea e eee eee eee 597
CRIMI escalate sree l= lees 582 | - Cophalustas-seasance=ceeeeetentere 597
Geococcyx affinis........-.---..----------- 162 COLASINUSH Ss siee eae eae eee eee 597
Geothlypis trichas ---...-.......--.------- 137 PAS CIALUS enacts ssea= sel aes eee 597
occidentalis ........-.. 157 DISMPUNNIS eesecsoee season ees 597
Geotrygon montana.....-....--.--.------- 625 WHS op estece nosonocosuessa0sce 597
FCOUL GS GIO Meese areas ale minia ef tall l= =i 589 punctulatus! 2. <5... ---5-- i gtsh) 9) 508
PrasilianUds sas ssee eens Se sscieees 44,589 J TUPICIMOSUS! ea ser escalate 597
CINBTEUS# = noes eee eeeeeemaee cen 44, 589 RUPOSHISe see esse stesso eee eee 597
GO Wale en ese cee eae eseeeeeee 45, 55, 589 Virgatolus:. 222 ees eee ees. 597
PACH Seem ee emer ieee alee AD 100 1009n | GODTCHUDYS..-sas\cecee as seclecren see eee 487
STE anette alta is a=) al Osa OOO GOD conc mletiale= ea eetee cece e-teeciee ceeie eae 594, 608
J ONOS ites seineieer ss ete mee heise amici 45, 589 analysis of genera of.......-..--- AGT
IGiRO Mineo eae een sea e erate 45, 589 Oy HR VAN Beater elon select 48
OQUBTNOSTOMBre ae clecis oot ace ence a. 44, 55, 589 TOVIOW OL sos cescissscaseboee-e sence 477
PRE Das acosasoaebeeesaeocoas asdcur 44, 589 skeletons ofa - sa seeeccen cece S 513
PLL epee anaemia eters AAS DSO) Goblin. cs-seccnee esac cicc aa sacecmesees 477, 479
PSCUCOSMIA oes sea foas a cee 45 1DeO NG obileptes|cacesc<sies <2 sc eneiyae cece me 487, 496, 595
THOMVEUSiee eso eee oases seees 44" 589) |) Gobioclinus PoObi0-----.-----rseccs = cee eeics 599
ONT ieeerere eit eee esta eee ase eel alt 5890) Gobioides te ncsesecc acs Sseaseen ces ceciee 481, 512
POU Geese mera semester nea eines soe alia 589 PALnebo ee oases seer nts 512, 5138, 596
Of-Havanaysece sacs vacicmee cc scone 44 broussoneti .--.-.-- d 12, 513, 518, 544, 596
PUBCON Meanensemecees aa see nia el ca 44 DELUAMUS fens seis eels eae eatama iat 512, 513
Gerrhonotus (Barissia) imbricatus ..-..--. OAT, Gobigidings) .casecoaas see cease secs cemeeeene 481i
- imbricatus) <2 52.22... s2-4 56 194s PG obiomoerphlshesr sce clese ms ce ease 483
liocephallusie ef cere os smienie 1950|:G-ObiOMOTUS) 325.5 s5s sen nie tee ceccaoee 478, 482
SOL Villa POC Ry. ~ tn cmacee cee ccs see eee ewes 251 | dormitatoneeeee sees ae 48
Gilbert, Charles H. - .26, 38, 60, 62, 63, 64, 66, 68, 230, Cormitonecceacs-ccesceses 482, 516, 594
236, 244, 327, 355, 497, 498, 505, 509 Interalisceceee-cisewes nce veneers 482, 516
on Beaufort fishes...-.. 25 longicepsscassce=sacesrae = 482, 516, 594
southwestern fishes. LMG Obionellussse ee eee se ccc cess eee eas 487, 496
Paper VY-ce=-25 esse. 41 DACHIAMS ce ecctoe ue oculse ewes 49
took Etheostoma whip- GOS IEE! 66 shiseipeosechesnccccess 497
pleteees sae etee aes 9 CNCHOMUS\scs-oss-ssesse-iee 2S, 496
ag ase meee eee see eee ee 83 NAS PANES tee Coe eecececiscnaaaee 498, 596
on falgurites ...-,-,--2--+:, 90 JANCBOIALISt. > sane pes osse sense 49
682
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page. |
Gobionellus oceanicus ....-----..----.----- 497
smaragdus ........------------ 497
J stigmaticus......--.------ 28, 496
GGUTOBODIS ea a 52 Se oe oe 489, 488, 506, 509
alepidotum:.--. .25. -Se=22e--.-- 508
analysis of species of ....------ 506
DOSCl=o---- ee 28, 506, 507, 308, 517
ceuthzecam -...0520220.2.-.5-.- 608
ceuthcecum ..:.-..-.--- 506, 508, 517
histriOn en as sewn 506, 508, 517
HOB. ceneeesecice eee 507, 509, 517
longipinne=s.-Ps2e2eeceee 407, 509, 517
molestumics2./2./. 25eet 506, 508, 517
skeleton of..-.-...-.-. 514
multifasciatum ....507, 309, 517, 596
zosterurum ...--.------ 307, 3509, 517
Gobiorvermalisiecsesecs oo eons 34 ese aieoeste 8
Gopins = ea 477, ASO, 487, 488, 494, 498, 514
SIG hyn bos esa cote cacadeesac 506, 508
DINOL Seta aeons ee eee aie lere olee ore 483
analysis of species of .........----- 488
[GAAS Ge acer eee areas 498, 596
DAAN Bice rco jose eueecoteoeee ae 49, 500, 595
EY DO OLcasnms eee sieiante aert= o43
DISHOPleeee see eae eee ena nar 595
boleosoma ......-.---.- 488, 490, 495, 517
skeleten(one=--<en--5522= 518
brasiliensis? <t2s ee seeeces oe 512, 513, 596
ty perote-..-kiesseeaeae 544
DRMROUS eo scetee = ae eee ee 499, 595
NOSGiee senate ae cae oaee ees 506, 508
CANGUNONSISieemas seas eeee eile 494
GOT Re ceo ceccbosce-meteco eee 494
Ciista— allie ease ee eee 486, 487
CPT OLE S were e a Gemajeee eee series l= 487
(Deltentosteus) quadrimaculatus - . 488
dolichocephalus. ---- <5 4--5—e5" 49, 501, 595
doubtful species of ......---..--..- 499
emblematicus’.--..----<n<s<e<sse08 30, 505
encwomus ...... 49, 490, 491, 49.1, 496, 517
TASCIAUUS £.- ee seseeen~ ee 488, 495, 517, 595
ADVIS! 225. -scocses 5 coe NE es 500
EY POSiOl ees anise eo che eae o435
Plaucofranum:. - 2.5.24). 28 489, 494, 517
PlICIISw ss es ecmnaraam on nee eee 501, 502
PWLOSUS . otoca tas saeceseeciosnae Sat 505
WA) eens ecicnse Cenc ooaer-— 488
WEVOQUSSY ea cece aol casnig AD, 497, 517, 595
IBGEPtUN so-esecne 2s eee 494, 499, 595
Tariceolatin 3252.) < Wseeecee eae 498, 596
Sy In ep opecece sreedoa se Ace aati
LiNGALNIS 22 occ eecee see ceseme cae 499, 595
IVIOUG\s</=<0 a accmsloees AOE, 496, 517, 596
WENO Re camasna nan sase msec eee 49, 494, 595
MATIN CUS < .=- 02sec ese ei 49, 501, 595
MGCtONSL 6565 scans eaees scan 488
INDRICMME oc hic 2 ance eee ees eee 501
WIStacinus, <2... <<. See HSE LEE 510
NEW DETIA 2026 ee sake acs eens 508
MICMOISL say se. nieces See ASO, 494, 517
NMI PCL so saaes oa o sn. ee eeeee 487, 488, 494
Oban EDS 5a 45n-- bhi eeeaeee cee 512
oceanicus.-. 49, 488, 493, 596, 497, 501, 517
skeleton of!....2-.2.-.-. 514
ophiocephalus ....-...-..---.-,+++ 488
Page.
Gobius paganellus .-eon: 2-2. s2-0-----.-5- 484
paradoxuS...----2-05-2ses 493, 498, 517
MISONIG reese eeteee- see ae eee eee 483
plumierie ss ea.-=seheeeeeee soe 844
PDS Yieaee eae ete 4AD2, A97, 516, 595
(Pomatoschistus) minutus ......-. 488
quadrimaculatus...........--.-.-. 488
sapittula S222 secee ue eee ADS, ADI, 517
SOMIMNUADS: soc 2n5enmsere nee 493, 498, 517
shufeldti .-..... Puce seeaeee eee 490, 517
new nhame..--. gmadeeenae ADS
smaragdus ...----- 19, ADD, ADT, 517, 596
soporator..49, 487, 488, 493, 499, 501, 517,
595
skeleton. of. 23st sb22.5. 513
stigmaticus -...... 49, 4914, 496, 517, 595
stigmaturus.....--.------- 489, 495, 517
SUMPACUS canine ee == eee 595
CALARIOR ion cee wemeweoee iS-eneee 499, 500, 501
thalassinnsiccpac ees scee ona seeete 50,505
Viridipallidusi-<o-2.¢ 22. tessdess ae 508
wiirdemanni?.....:....:-----. 495, 496, 497
God: Bird ees sa eee een eee 611
God wit, Marbledv---)-2eee ce -ee- sca teeeeeee 628
Gokstad’shipsscss-ncse- ease ee eee ee aeeeee 455
antiquities.caoo-soseee eee 457
how propelled. .....-.....22- 456
EATS ater ate ae ee tat ee 456
ORD assis o/s alse eee eee 456
Diankin eee eien ee eee ee 456,
Tudderesca sesso. eee coon 457
tent shelter 22-1. teuneess eee 457
Golondrina comun.......-....---..-...--.- 139
COWNaE eo soseeae ate ee meee ae 179
ViGNCO) Omen elaateete eats See 139
Gonatus amcenus ...... .----- 200s s een ceen= 217
Goniobasis macilenta .......---.----.---- re 253
subtortuosa ...----------.-22.. 253
Goniotidarid®: ... 65 20s-.05-s2-o-0nne eee 260
GOnl0Ci Garis) fo sec. eee ee eee 263
canaliculata.......25..-2- ses - 263
Gonioplectrus hispanus..-.-..-.---------- 580
Gonostomayatesil -- ~~. ooo. cose n eee 254
Goode, G. Brown..-.---.-.- 37,40, 53, 60, 68, 238, 355
Goose, Pink-footed.-.-...........-.----.22- 658
Gorrion de cabeza colorada—Carpodacus sp. 149
moradito—Passerina sp-------.--- 142
pPintadomactca=-seec cece = eee eee 149
triguero—Poocates sp .----------- 142
GOSA\ . 35 28s 2 seas een entan see cae tenets 38, 529
Gould) Drssssesose 117, 118, 210, 213, 214, 294, 298, 650
Oi does See ee See eae ooo 524
Gramma loreto.-~. --- 25. Site cescetn asses 582
Grammateus humilis? ..:....-.......--.--. 585
Grammicolepidida .-.......-..-..--.------ 576
Grammicolepist- ooo. ccc enn c es careers oe 468
brachiusculus.......------- 576
Gramnmistes trivittatus ? .-.....--.---.---- 584
Grand—gorgé (Pelican) '..........-.------- 630
Grant—Ogilvie.... 0st. tes) enone 485
GUY be sis eo tee et enki ae neice so=maen 111, 303
Dr chee ae ee Se ee eee 409, 410
Gat ccodenests- ncaa nen eee eeremcntaere 387
Grayson; Col Al dinso.seeneseer ee eee 166, 172, 173
Grebe, American red-necked.....-...-- ve 633
a a) 4
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Bes 2822205225222. 0 - ee lest eee 658
Gree-gree (Buteo sp.) --------------------- 22,
Green, R. Li---:---.-.---+--------+-------- 576
Grebnitzki, Nicholas- .210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 219
mollusks from.-.----- 209
Grenada, birds of..-.-.-------------------- 609
Grieve, Bastard .....---------------------- 611
Yellow-eye. ----------------+------ 610 |
Grote, A. It...-.------------------ 414, 416, 420, 428
FETONONW) feos soe ete tacts sceen= = mene tens 542
Grypbea pitcheri---.-------------+-------- 251
vesicularis .----...-----.------- 251
(enacamMaia. .---------2-+---------0------- 543
Scarus guacamaia..-.-.------- 48
Guadalupe, Senor Félipe .----------------- 32
Guaguanche Pelon—sphyrena sp .-------- 36
Guajacon—Gambusia punctata.--.-------- 34
Guajolotito—Setophaga sp .--------------- 137
| Guara alba..,---------------------------+- 171
Guasa—Promicrops itaiara...---.--------- 40
Guaseta—Alphestes afer .....------------- 40
Guativere Amarilla—Enneacentrus sp---- 41
Colorada—Enneacentrus sp -- -- 41
Enneacentrus sp.-------------- 41
Se CR eae ee ae 499, 482, 483
Eleotris pisonis. ..-.-------------- 49
Gobiomorus dormitator -.-------- 48
guavina --.-.-.----------+----- 48, 483, 516
Guavina guavina .-..--.---------- 48
guavine .----------- ee eee ee as 594
Guichenot ..------------------------+----- 47, 227
Guillemot, Sooty .--.---------------------- 658
Giiillo pico gordo—Pheueticus sp -.------- 141
Guiraca coerulea ..--.--------------------- 141
melanocephala .--..---.---------- 141
Gulf of Mexico, new fishes from..-.------ AGG
Gull, Laughing. -..-..-..-----+------------- 631
EIS snee seas aoe sem minis <a nme 660
ormnbelenseee soa e a eee cess a= = 83
on fulgnrites..-...----------------- 85, 91
Gimther Dr. A .----. 32, 33, 34, 54, 57, 64, 66, 68, 74,
229, 230, 231, 235, 240, 246, 349, 352, 353, 354, 355,
356, 360, 477, 487, 498, 501, 510, 526, 530, 535, 560
Saimtheriarceas- 225 -2s--- 5-6 2-2 one <= =n = 57
Gymneleotris ..--------------------- 479, 482, 484
seminuda.........------484, 498, 517
Gyminothorax ------------------------+---- 565
STODUSMee tee e eee eee sesse 565
InsermMmaliseeencem--==--)= a 565
picturatus..-.---------.---- 34, 566
MISH E OTS) ao ee nbocop SaDeEe sos 34, 566
SCIP LMS seas eee ae = etait 566
versipunctatus ?........-.-- 34, 566
Gymnovid ..------------------------+----- 565
Gypagus, papa ...------------------+-+---- 169
H.
Habia melanocephala...-..-.-.-..---.---- 141
Hadropterus ....-.-----------------+ +--+ 12
ASPIO ..----------+------------ 9, 13
BVIGES|n sae cine sels e = =lel <a ie 9,13
QUACK ies ajemcwaenleleinlnnielss'= 13
phoxocephalus..--...---..--- 9
BCIOIUS yo sacs aeenenwtecs a= ase 13
serrolaves.s eee 17, 19,23, 24
683
Page.
Hadropterus scierus var. serrula, new va-
TICty ---------- = 20% coe nee eae n reer en ee: 16
Hadrostomus aglaiz ------ Sr EAA eel 156
Hematopus galapagensis -.---- eet 325
description of... 325
| leucopus .-.------------+----- 325
palliatustes----<-2---------<- 325
Hemophila melanotis---.-2---------------- 145
TuCand a. see es aan = ene =~ 140, 120
cSmulonee eee see ance emistiaieieir=e 32, 537
acutuin ses .etesee 42, 535, 536, 587, 584
albidum)--eecosseaen senorita 42, 53
Silber cree eae ates ate aterm (einer 42
ATATD . .- 2-22 senna ene e ee eee ene 2
aurolineatum.-.-..-.-------- 42, 537, 584
bonariense -.--------- 535, B30, 537, 584
Canna ses eee enone eee acneaaatae 3:35, 537
carbonarium .......-.--- 42, 536, 537, 584
caudimacula, type of ..--------- 5d
CHLOMISH sas ease sin ne ae alot 3356
chrysargyreum...------------ - 537, 584
fY POOhe= seem 3360
continuum:..-....-.-------.----- 584
Gorsaleens see scenes eae 42, 584
flavoguttatum ........--..------ 537
flavolineatum ...-...-..--.-- 42, 537, 584
fremebundum ...---.------- 536, 587, 584
gibbosum ...-..------------- 42, 537, 584
IANS eee ee lssa eee O37, 584
jeniguamo .-....-.-------.------ 42, 584
Valbrid@me n= seem mallee 584
te WN ea alee leeel = oll 42
macrostoma ...-.--------- 5:36, 537, 584
MACULIiCAUGA- Mesos eae se eae 537
mean WENN). <a ce cose ella 2, 537, 584
multilineatum .....-.----------- 42
MObES) OD wees sees = cee eam = ialm 41
ARRAS Swoon hee eee Pey cee a 535, 537, 584
Parre .--..----------------- 535, 536, 537
plumieri-....-----.---------- 42, 537, 584
quadrilineatum -.-.------------ 537, 584
yimator...---------------------- 537, 584
schrankils2-cenc<<=~ = Senet 535, 537
SCIULUSS to esses =e 42, 537, 584
SCHOGOELs ase)-e eae lsiem = =a inle 537
serratum ......---------+.------- 2
sexfasciatum ...----------------- 537
steindachneri:.. 22. Jose-=------ 535, 537
striaha Mss seces eee 537
teniatam: 5..0.-.------2----- 42, 536, 584
UrivihbahOMs- sccm ce ===> -- = — = 537
xanthopteron.....--.------------ 536
Hake, common ...---.---------------------- 822
Halcon de cola corta ...-..----------------- 168
Vem gana re ceisewiae eis = mela 168
pescador ..-.-----------+--+-+----- 167
DUOle eee ie ae alee ant aim === me 167
de cola larga....------------- 166
pollero—Rupornis sp .------------- 167
Malicho@res:....<¢ ---------20-+--ss-eese---- 57, 62
ealiformicus:=-----2- c++ se=s--- 65, 70
ceeruleovittatus ..-..---------- 57
Halichorus:...------------- ------2----=--«« 62
Halieutichthys aculeatus ......----------- 603
reticulatus ....-----.------476,603
684
Page.
Halipercajacome «as--s- 05-5. -nasecseees 39
UAMIBAM OH mere Sooty eo nos aciclne cook eee ae ee 302
Haloconcha, new name.¢...........-..--.. zie
MONOX. 25 so bec ee eee ose 218
Halocypselus evolans ..................... 26, 569
Halocyptena microsoma..........-........ 656
PU ETULOY cr einiety -wivin oc = eee ene aE Ee eek ae 297
Hapsidophrys mexicanus ................. 185
SPHALON MUA. coe slo act ek eh tae te aera 33, 561
clupeols ovecee nsec Jes sone 33, 561
NUMBTALIS eae ceee 33
AQUA: Ue eel ee se 33, 561
VAGOLUB oon picte came e a eae ee 561
MOnsaCOle sane acc eeo sea 33, 561
Ane PARCIO Meee mks ce cence nenmeeeceees 222
TONG he MTS oer Mcctnw oak bes nace Oenee 120, 121, 124
UP aU Ceara mabinatcce a ens nate en oye er ' 589
Harporhynchus curvirostris.......-...--- 132
ETNA eect ci siac ale een op ne ee 423, 427, 480
PPR soe eas tte ce enemas cen eeoe aoa teen 83
analyzed fulgurites .....-....:.... 86
on tal earitess <s-vics- scien oe ooece 87, 91
SOQ WIS brs ato oe ena ce oe cee ee 241, 242
iHavanatishes Nis Of. ss. ccccs ees ou
Spanish names of......._. 31
Hawk. Blache: access ee fon we come eee 249
CET SS TR a ee oe 622
DISS a: oot ee ea be aa cite! 622
MOMUGHIM es nates seo s ee eee 622
PAP OON oo ntioetos soca ee ee eee ees 622
DDSELOWi ccs nines sce e ae 22
py wero OUb ncsss-eon cas od os beet ee 49, 527
Healy AC aptain ce. sco cos 2 ue ie ee 205
Hedymeles melanocephalus .......-....... 141
Heliases multilineata ..................... 593
ET SLO GODIN essen nae sie cians eee Mery 304
Hielixs(A\glaia) fidelis’ =<). 222. poems ce 254
ope laibalean Pees tse 461
GHEESIN Biya seteee cian a ne 3 ee 202
DOOD Fees coat coe Aa etl eee 460
CRONE wooo. 8 ooo en a we cei winieociticn sume 202
fea os ov sa re Sere set hee Ae eee 202, 203
OCCA s. 53 soci e shee ee 209
(Monodon)) Dalliie od. n ees 254
(Patula) perspectiva ......-........ 254
PAUP OP ene. -eieaennie <n neato 2 209
TUGGr At). = 203. eee meee eee. 209
(Erichia) hispid... seuss eee anaes 461
Pan eristmin eer ss. a4 eect ee 444
Hemiaster cavernosus..................... * 289
Mentzi 22: os on - ae Gaaasanamee 289
emi camamcs «mis ase occa bacce ee ie) See ee 575
BEGEEIE:O D8 eteiere Stee ek eee 487
pm PraMmimM Us). obec ce eee 560
emulenca es cs.25ccascat ee sees ee ee 415
LETONTE (OE Aeon meee se mee” tl 414
Bhernnp pues. aa 52.1005) Sh eee 123
Hemiprocne zonaris. --)-5.2-hots ose occ. 620
Hemphill, Henry, sent Echini............. 256
Hemirhamphus balao ..................... 529, 568
brasiliensis............... 529, 568
DLOWM yas nk Anette 568
CY pelOf 22 eee 529
CUrOPDUS... case cmepeeee 340
SVEAROINDOE te ceke te aac ee 568
|
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Hemirhamphus filamentosus ............-- 35, 568
macrochirus.............. 529
ODTUSUS a. ct ees 340
Pleei wasnt S25 haa 35, 529, 568
M0GYi en ose seeoee sees 39, 568
Tichard?,.c2jsyocneoeee hee 568
TODO. <= see 26
UNnifasGiahustseus ese ee 35, 568
Hemirhombusyos3.<2. se. se eee 52
sethaliony.c.tesc ood See 602
SLAMACa Gaon eeu ee eee 602 -
Him brigtus' .vss4ses sole ee 602
FUSCUS |. oo 5nneensy eee 538, 602
OV QS on ascent ose ee 53
eomi&tomay 3-2 Soe ep 59L
Hlemitanto cas 205 ce. cee. ae eee 57
annulata cyclura............ 188
Henicognathus annulatus........-........ 188
Henicorhina leucosticta....-. EaGe tia cemee 136
PTONICWLE 4 ens te <n eee oe 644
Henman <2 2.50 -< 3-2. 55 ee 382, 397
Heron; Mihi es = oo 5/-n ha ee 627
HGHO8 fcr enissen ec paad ac See ae 48, 592
Herpetodryas margaritiferus ............. 185
Herpetotheres cachinnans ................ 168
Heterandria guppii .-......-5 2-2: -ce.ece
metalli¢a:..cicscne- ae eee ee 563
OMMALA ci oc--cese eee eee 527
upinotata..<.. tect wsb see 563
versicolor. -..-.52 sero eee 563
Heterocentrotus mammillatus.......--.._. 257, 269
trigonarius..-.........6.- 569
Hexagrammus asper .-----------.-ce------ 509
Hexanthid ss): 2-25. 3-ce sete hs ee 554
Hexanchus)grisens.c-o--s-ancs eeeeeeeeee 554
Hexanematichthvs..2..ce-eo3sss60 sees 559
Hiatula onitis)=: 2 0-seecp = =ee ea eee 28
Hi-raras(Parus sp)sc2.--<- o-- oe ee ee 377
Hi-kuinal(Porzana)sp)?<---h-seeee ee eeeee 398
GH Re oacnssnce sec tse ee eee : 250
Ilimantodes gemmistratus ................ 185
Himantopus mexicanus .--.-...2222......- 178
Hime-Kuina (Porzana sp)..............-.. 396
Hippocampus, development of ............ 81
fascicularis:.2.s0-c 16ers 570
hndsonius|. 2... /-4see eee 30
MAP INAIs.— =o. s ose eee 570
punctulatus............ 30, 35, 570
Stylifer’. .-.nep see ea eeees 570
Hippanoe Mépressancs.--04coeesse see eee 279
esculeiita: j2.--53cnceee aes 279, 280
Varlepate. <2 22.0 cocuse were 257, 280
Hirundinids of Grenada .............-...., 612
México <2 252-525. pete 139
Hirundo americanaie..-.--se-.0ee ne eee 139
erythrogastra :.<.- 2. scesuseeeeee 612
lumifrong) 222). cscec-ncsee anes 139
PYSUDONOLaS. 254-05 aan 139
Histrionicus histrionicus............2..... 655
Hoffman, on Acanthuridw ................ 48
Hoitztlacuatzin—Synetheres sp .......... 130
Holacanthns,: -o-)-2ecnan= seek eee eee 233
Ciliaris,...222'..cnsaeeeeeee amine 593
leignothOs = 22ece acne ee 240, 247
Melanothos:vssse5..5~-- cess 232, 247
r — ‘
hat
é ALPHABETICAL INDEX. . 685
Page. Page.
~ Holacanthus tricolor......-..------------- 48,593 | Hvdroides dianthus...........--.-.--. 549, 550
QUAN sees soon case sea se ene smedU) 240, ob protulicola, new species..-....- 3550
Hollardia hollardi.........--....---------- 604 spongicola, new species...----. 549
HO LOCAN UNG Se srt \anieiia\eeaeisiasles = cin elnloejaie Toe | Ly Let) PECL CLIT Meters eres late latatat atmo nttete)aleelll= i= = 199
: Of Havana sstsa = s\vielea nem 38 OTACHUPES eee eee am =laee an ale eeeteslel lal 198
_* Holocentrum ascensione ..-..--.---.------ 38 nigropunctata-.-...............-..-- 198
brachypterum .......-.-.... 578) |p eebylidwioteMexi¢Oves==- css ee s-- css a= = 198
lonpipimnnereeses see ee ase 516) eeylodesihodopisia= = -eaec= = = enema enn 187
MAM ANUS Sse caesar e O ee bist pkkyod onialosoldesy-==-ee eases cst nse ee == 14-
Wala HelOE een ae sacle 38, 578 COLMISUS ese ee eee eee ee eee 11
. pentacanthum) s.5--/----<=s6 BS | Mey perchinaeeaeeecicee seca s eer 414, 428, 43:2
porlatomy(?) esc =. soe loee 578 IOWA ee eal eee cee 433, 454
MIP ALHOUAy (t) Sac ecc eee one cies 578 Vara tilitheecseec sesame 433, 434
TOSELUGMMIS Sas sae ecco 578 Panmina ee eee eee esos 433, 435
TUE MIME a eee aroee ee 578 var. aurosea. 433, 435, 436
SOOO merce meet ceiscia soeieee els 578 ZONES eee wate eee seats 433, 434
Holocentrus ascensionis.-.-....-. -------- 578 Zep hiya: -canwaterene ea 433, 4356
coruscus....... JéOecmssedonHs ool PE y plonrochilUs| esses ese -e ene ne cesses sees 51
ROU CIS ese e-toc met 578 Pemingtus ens =-s ose esses 28, 29
MOSH AUUS woes een epee einael a 578 Mal tifthisitess sone ese ae 28, 29
Sancti-pauli...-......2..-.--- O78) | Ely pnodesies see. ee ate ein Reet ectele eecier= 404
SIGCHORtese ee ce ce eesiese <i OTS ee POL yMNOCODIUS = oases nee a oe ae aeiaaleiae 487
We STMATRUIS aa soseeemncisces ate STs Melty popicus|e=-— =e eee sees sees snes Aa eee 108
Holocephali, actinotrichia of........-.---- 72 | Hypoplectrus aberrans........--.-..------ 579
development of fins of....-.- 74 ACCENSUSS.. 1c. sos cee ences ce 579
HENRY S) Ofgena sae cee see sce!s 71 afiNis! ese See resect ae 580
EGLO Sy IMMOSUS!- 224-56 - ee sete seen 56 bowinuse-sesscsessoos soca 39, 579
Holostei, radial development in.--.-.-.--- 74, 75 chlororus*!:t2ssectncces acme 580
Homolampas fragilis. +... ..-2--5-2-.-5.-.- 287 CLOCOLUS Ie soe aoe eee =e nee 580
Hoplosternum stevardi..--.........------- 559 gemma ee ee ete ayaa fteratees 607
Hoplunnisischmidtisscc.c--<1--2-+-------- 567 gummigutta .............--. 579
SEAGER tds Ee rere ee eee ee eral emai l= ain 353 guttavarius .......-.--....- 579
Howard & Sons, cinchona barks from... -- 438 ADOT OMe esse aisles atnats sieeeiarer 39, 579
Hughes, Eliz. G., on American Julidine -- 36 MACWMPETUS) se eee ne eae 579
Prionotus..--.-...-.. B27 MUMBO Gabeesesausecbosese 579
Huistlacuachi—Synetheres sp.-..--.---.-- 1380 DINDIVATIUSt ens -e = se sess eae 579
SEISt eG COP TOU) se icijaiaeisieicierseissite tee oe a ss 431 pucllayeene ee cwacsi een eee 579
SEMEN Oeste eee oe tale ieee ea oe ial 4001 635qPEry porhamphusinss sere cee one a c= -)=-= === 568
Humming-bird, Brown........-..----..--- 619 macrochirus ?)--<---22-<.<- 368
Crested a scesassmeee aes a1. 620 tricuspidatus ----.--.--..- 568
Gireengeee see a eeereme ae Glo Bry popriontses sores eer tease seene eee 556
Huron—spermophilus sp.-.--..------------- 120 MEY pOStOMUS 2-4-6 cee a eae ee se seca 560
Play hiat t (0) eeeenaa ettana metal ato 219 TOPs eee eee naaeea 560
NPAT Clee oe aeeee es nak eee aisle S60h Mliymoteent dais este mata loisia ae sein iain 402
MOCO Bere cea ce ae nintea rte ianiains| =! 219 JOUYL eset sce cece ee ses cme 362
[AU Slee settee oa = 219 | Hypsipetes amaurotis.......----.-----.-- 642, 643
mete ea eul Awe eee sete cia sacle 217 measurements of ... 643
RCO RA ee sacle seeetelsatie alla an eer 219 pryeri, measurements of ..-..- 643
A ValOPNOLa =~ a6 o-ssaicc ee ame iank 423, 427, 430 new species.........-.. GAL
PMypbornaihusimeeki-- 4 .-ejnsia esses = ° 2 SQUAMICEPA a. sssce cee se cccees 642
MWUCHAliS- aes sees 7,11, #4, 15,17 measurements of.. G4:
VEL eee ere eee ae 2 | Hystricide from Alaska...... Neca seen eels 222
Hybopsis #stivalis.......:-..------8-- §, 11, 14, 21 OPNLORICOMME Reem ese cecee 130
marconis, new variety. rere) NEV Strix WO Xi CAN Nee eee eae ales aetelataainte lon 130
var, marconis.---.-:-.- 24
AMDIOPS2= sscap-ss ee ee Nabe en 4,8 I.
CISSUMNINIS 2522 ecole. esses 4) iS) tan thialcyannraes eee geese sss. tase = cae ae 646
NiyOStOMuUssiesass.5c25 Seen Bee ea This: Dia COM eee ree eee eee ee csc onaees 171
KenuHC KICSIN oe eee Ee see eroe ees 4 | Ichthyapus acutirostris..-.......-.....--. 566
BLOLELMIANUS 5. .cee2 cos shee eee Sl4e i Lehthieallusteseerenese tee rsscss snc cccs an 57, 66
Fydrarcyrsa lucie 2.52.5 c2220-ssc2seene 527, Diviotanasetecsee cee scenes ester 63
Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis.-.-.--.-- 178 Cimidigtus-c.-cc-sccseccaces 61
Mydrocichla,ruficapilla....-.-:-- 222-2225. 644 | Icoturus komadori .--..--..--...--....-- 644, 645
BETO: ANT Go Pes clara clevarai es alas claeiet glol= ates 406 MEM Oleeetret ca eises waices ese cicnnle 644, 645
J Hygrogonus......-.----++--22-2ee-e2ee eee 48, 592 new species.......--.---- 644
i
686
‘Teotarus, new genus, Timaliidw...........
Tetalurus punctatus
Page.
643
Seep TT 2,7, 10, 14, 18, 20
EBUGMIBMV IPEDS seks a8 oar: Pete ie eS a 188
WARIGIB 0S: oo so.cs aehcoaee eee eae 138
Heterids of Grenada :::2..-2is. oeeosice ee 615
MOXICOl <2 cues ase eee 149
oterus! andubonil <2. 2 saeeebectee tee 150
Uo c ii! Sees Ss Se 150
i onenliatus 5.22. de eee ee ce 150
galbulasstenselsee tose eee ub 8 149
molarin Seutes co sces soe td ae ae 150
malamictorus::22 <<) 225522 cbse 149
ALISON 2 64h cet aen eae 150
DUStulaONs sss. 5- yee ee oe 150
RERURMB ea oho cc ag aes set: ED
MACON: soeces cue seas swotee ehh Se 150
xanthocephalus .-............0.... 152
etiniaplumbeaes sc Sec setae. aa ee gee 168
Ictiobus bubalus...-........:-.--- yaaa 14
CAPPlO\esssae te sessed saaee ee ese 20
tumidus)2 22 Yoek oh ee 20
Welifer vas = Soler eas ee 7, 10, 14, 18, 20
VOLoadeasied=tacccasessueees 18s
Ictiologia Cubana consulted .............. 31
Iguana—Ctenosaura sp...........---.--..- 192
TOA eek so ce ee hse eas yee Cae 192
unberctlatal: 2 so sscen sce a5 oe 192
MOLGG cco eosn eee des Wl 192
~ lama comun—Pipilo sp........-..-......- 148
Indiana University, fishes from........... 225
SONLLOsoseae ek 1
Julidinz described .. 56
West Indian fishes in 32
Indian Territory fishes collected.......... 1
MOTI A meee ses ss ck crc eas cates habeas 585
Inoceramus deformis. .. 5. c0-c2-c0-c-cccce 251
ump ats Sao ete esate 251
NG PLOSSAS i tetitececniteaueetedccere seein 477, 484
Calligna sce wane cne eee 481, 516, 608
MONOLNIS Martinica caces 4-20 seeee aeatane 629
Isabelita—Chtodon capistratus ........-. 48
TRE GUNES seat oe sree eae Te ee ea 50, 51
PONCCAGHS jas omnsc cep eee ees 28
TROTOMPEOMOMLsIacsedauaceeccs tees 556
Isopisthus parvipinnis ........-........... 588
Istiophorus americanus ..................- 573
ANTS IG Olea Wisi stoma etna sce wee 556
AMANO pin COlel Gis s4- ha seceee sees. 170
DTS Ss coke EN yok ae In rare ener 102
Tusto juez—Myiozetetes sp..-......--..... 154
Te EI DICUR asa caemeie cameo aan Ree ae 120
IBM 235 on cere kate ee 120, 120
Seebolmls 4a eeeeeee 123
Mi erates le es Oat heels ee aa oat 102
J.
Jaboncillo—Rhypticus saponaceus........ 41
Jack—Esox reticulatus ..................- 463
Jacome—Serranus tabacarius ............. 39
PM CUUIR (eet rect be ao iesid cha ates a OR 410
Jallao Iemulon gibbosum............-... 42
Japan birds from Liu Kiu Islands........- 634
local races of birds in .............. 1U0
MEW MOlG TOM oles eseseecioeee 97
PATIAG Of Aree csexintresspetencemts 374
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Japan, proposed ornithological hand-book
OL cS oatethicene Leon sdsedtn ee eeeee 99
Veview? Of Dirds\of ..-c-eeesseee eee 374
Bite tae Peo mmanierseky Cees eee 375
Water-birdsiof : ee he eee 652
woodpeckers from............-..... 115
Japanese birds, review of .........-..-.--- 99
PAY, DP cet y Gea ee he's iets Slate 298
NOHLeys feed fo ie eee ei eee 217, 297
Jeviguana—Haemulon melanurum........ 42
Jeniguano—Hemnulon aurolineatum ...... 4%
Jenkins Oliverie nat -- paee eee eae 28
collected Beaufort fishes. 25, 26
VGN YNS 2-255 nese oases ee ee 236
ELC ON ES esse sete ae ee 363, 403
Jiguagua—Caranx hippos........-.....--- 36
Jilguero negro copeton—Phainopepla sp.. 139
Joci—Lutjanus joct..............-...-...- 41
Johnins batabanus-<-. 2s... 22s eaceee ee aee 43
gubtatus .cc hc eke eee eee 40
ones! Dr. William is... ee eee 325, 326
echini from ....... 257
J. Matthew.-2 5 ctee eset 355
Jordan, D.S -..26, 40, 47, 60, 62, 63, 229, 236, 237, 354,
s
356, 463, 465, 472, 495, 497, 508, 513
collected Escambia River fishes 462
He¢hinisfrom: 22.5224. eee 256
on American Julidine --...... 56
Beaufort fishes............. 25
Belonide:: 2230 See 339
Cuban searoids...222.2...1. 45
Mloridadishesis5-4s2eeee 225
Gobiide 33:22 24 See ee AVY
Havana fishes.............. 31
Newilshtsssen... 222. asaneee 466
Prionotuss< ose eee 327
southwestern fishes........ 1
Tetraodontidsx ............. 230
typical fishes. .............. 525
West Indian fishes ........ 354
papersiby \-25.- See eee eee 41
Jordan! &Gilbertc2s.,..425 ee 243
Jorobado—Vomer setipinnis .............. 37
Joturo—Joturus pichardi......-........-. 35
VOtUruspichardisceese seas ae ae -.35,36,571
SLIpes: 25.Geh Asc ee 35,36,571
Jouy, P. L. .. -121, 362, 376, 378, 379, 389, 385, 399, 405,
643, 658
collected Dryobates. ........110, 112, 113
Mchiniigtrom)secsss 24 eee 257
Japanese birds of ..........2.... 99,100
Sent Ficus sac6 sees ce soe ese eee 105, 106
Jlan Mespis ceceeseee ee eee dato ep oan 167
Julidinw, analysis of genera of............ 56
Jang e:scnled fact Sat aah oaae 67
LISGIO fase Ss icon ecco ees 69
nominal species of .............. 70
review of American............. 56
OGL So op aches eRe See wesw soeaee 56, 57, 66, 67
bifasciatius:. 2o-25.22 eae 68
caudalis, <2. .<- alslstelaae cele cee See 64, 70
CMmCbes Ze eee 45, 61, 70
crotaphus ...........45, 59, 60, 64, 65, 70, 540
CYANOSIPMA o555d0 cuss eceeoeoseee eee 59, 70
COLOTBOT voeene seeencerevceese seeeas G8, 70, 500
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Julis detersor, types of ..-.---------------- 540
CUMTOTAOMS es eeeeee ieil seis nals stamina mn 61, 70
garnoti ....-- .----------------------- 61, 70
Dy MOS LO Uaaamnialneala i=l inl=ia i=in = o4t
geoffroyi.-...-.--------------------+° 57
MMT AINIS wae alntmie wim eiata ss = mie (2=1-= == 68, 70, 590
(Halicheres) annularis .-----.--.---- 57
HAAS ieee eee see icles = =laslafelcleiaia 63, 64, 70
Internasalis.. oo. -n<-42c5— 23 Se aneemes 61, 70
URS TIES pete ecs leit le intelli. cis 70
Macnlipinns -.-.-.--=-24-=2----+--~-- 62, 70
melanochir .....- Re omit pla metals 68, 69, 70
MIGOUCSUUS eee eee eee easel 65, 70
PENG area ere seine ete atin eisleieiatatals alara\> 68, 70
MUU SSL ieee setae alee a ent ees 68, 70, 590
OWA eee ee eee einieeisiaie ainvayelsntaimi el. =\2 59, 70
FOES rele alee inminicemin = minim am 60, 70
TICLES ies 4B Sb8e a CO SOe bE HGrSEEeE sop 64, 70
PUINEIPIS! oes leis == = =e el i=l == «1 60, 70
PSiotaculUs esse e-mail lene 63, 540
TUPUUS tee le sce = aleime sinlalnrea= mmr t= a= 45, 61, 70
HOMICGINE UNG ae sae ss! lcs cela te slalainie 60, 70
phiriTia awe see mete oma cae eis sciatic aesaiee auisem = 304
MENCOCINCLOUS |= 4-=/-= ===) Jesisie= s=— ani 4145
BRT eee es eee eee cinisaisiaecesceteaee as 102
Jurel—Caranx sexfasciatus.--....--- 36
Jyngine of Japan........----------------- ‘102
PIR YRELKee ete ete es ntajare/oinynlsin)ain\nimin'iainfcjnl=|qyssy=\=iele/e 102
UTA ERTL Sas elt ace oa tal=im im alate relay ai 102
TOT ee eee eee anciaie ie elatate tara 103
punctata......------..------------=-- 102
forqmillaeeenac messes eee nee aanaraell= 102
forma meridionalis --------- 103
septemtrionalis ------ 103
measurements of..---.---.- 104
MEPICION AMS) sastaslaata ata ral= 103
K.
Kealimows kay Wl oon - cate mine nin winigmelnimn 107
PACUs MTOM tee seid asses ee 108
Kamtschatka, Japan birds absent in...--. 654
SESS CATTL Oe teeeaate ate atatiate ial tele |e ml= fol let 629
“Keiper”?-.-.------------------ 2-2 ane sn ee- 443
Kelp-fish—Platyglossus semicinctus...--- 60
BERAGrn) SNR UNNI a he sale etter alee n= alo l ope minin(='=i=\=1=) = 371
Red eenee oe eseeiacicee n= dosemaeleenicina\= == \-\c00 627
Ki-mawari (Sitta sp.).--.--------«-------- 390, 392
Kingfisher, Belted ......------------------ 620
King’s River fishes taken.--..--.--------- 2
Kittiwake, Pacific ......-..---.-.--------- 657
LeU eco Wess sede see atecia= l= 658
SEA] Gouna re eee tee eet talc iter e eietatetet ales aiey mas 243
Gn el by Diane elaaisieeetaite aera a eae inl 216, 302
Ko-gara (Parus sp.)..-.------------------- 378, 381
Ko-gera—Yungipicus seebohmi-..--...---- 123
Tiina 1D ae ees soeaenon shone 298, 299, 3O8, 306
Kuina (Rallussp.).-....------------.------ 402
Kuma-gera— Dryocopus martius.....------ 124
Kyallie (Ardea sp.) ..-.-.----------------- 626
Kyphosid ....-----------.------+-------+ 585
Kyphosus sectatrix......-------- oie 28, 585, 593
L.
Labidesthes siceulus.......-------2.------ 5, 8,12
Ma bragormollusks)----\ccscesce ce siwccwalre's = 2Oz
687
' Page.
NG OI eae etal eae eae eee aeons 589, 607
ODER AW ATI a ee oealetye nie see laite aro ste 45
some genera of, described. -...---- 56
Labrisomus biguttatus......-------------- 599
brtccwersse ep r-jaseeicerte ata at = 509
Celsland ieee see eeereceee setae 599
eee eetetclaa oer fete ttt 599
NOrMINLOM ee nc see oeemeiel= 59
microlepedotus. --...--..------ 599
Nuchipinnis)-----25-\-------=— 599
OCOM ATS sesamiae telat 43> - 599
MSDS tea eeerere a= acieeraeeaiae === 542
DitaselatUs\eeeee sa ae assert eeeee 68, 70
Val. tOLQUATUS 2) 1s peanietdei ae == 68
bivittatustecc. ccna eee 63, 64, 70
ibrasiliensiSccseceee cesses ae 59, 60, 70°
capite Obtos0) «27 =--\ aan 68
Centiquadlus! sae <se2 56a 57
faleatus’: ssecac-nc-es eae ee eee 575
JUNI) 2ece cacue acler seen ie eee ena 67
QUA Shee OBROTC OOOO gder Serannciacp=ad 68, 70
DSittacwlus ese ns\-- = nessa sana 63, 64, 70
PACTAGOS) \ociasia cls eae eeeeee eee 59, 60, 63, 70
Tuacépod Oho eeisesn kismet eee 54, 233, 238, 356
fhacertaonbicularis. <> -scj-o5 sree osete eeenin 194
Glineatarss 2c c2c\s0 eteneetaee 195
Macertiliai of Mexico! <0. mien a selemelais= 191
Lachnolemus falcatus ......-.----.-----:- 589
MAXIMUS) Sessa sneeesioae 45
suillas hs eee ease ae 589
Lachnolaimus maximus. .-.-- Lagapemmer ete 589
Lactophrys undulatus?.........-...--..--- 604
PCT epee tee eae aie nee ee a ietae etalon 212
VT Cb drc emai ate a eee ante eetae 269, 212, 218
MACTIN AL Messe eee ses ce ae ae ssseeaies eel 212
Ayaienmell Bie ses se ei inneleee aceite celeste 212
Lxemanctus longipes.-..-.---------..----- 192
SOLPabUS) sere ees =e eet eee 192
GA OMI ee see aso) eleiate aimee eae einlaialei ee 282
baeannoy Bonani 22s... <n ne- = 282
(epressumMens ssereecee sane ete 282
PUT IAs ea stare lero aisle a eiersisiei iors 257, 282
Lagartija—Anolis sp..-..-.--..----------- 191.
IBarissis pees seems ale ee cncie aie 194
Cnemidophorus sp.-.-----.----- 195
decolailarcasscaep esses see 191, 192
Ce hierraee eee ceene a teeh aeerreente 193, 194
—Gerrhonotus.sp..-------------. 195
Ten Ed Eh oaeedons] ao oecoMnaosar sor 191, 196
—Sceloporus sp.----.-.----..---- 193, 194
SLES Datel eteetel tainted ats eee ete terete 192
Lagarto—Crocodilus sp..---. .------------ 197
—Synodus spixianus ....-..---.--- 34
Lagocephalus.......... Z30,23 1,283, 242, 243, 247
leevigatus......- 231,232,247, 605
lagocephalus ..---.-....-2%. 241
TUM ATS tenet eee sae 231
uagodon rhomboides.........------.------ 585
Lagomyidx from Alaska.......----------- 222
Lagomys princeps ...--.....-------------« 222
amare Keeeer en eacaesceisiciaiasnis= sas == 213
amni da 2s soso set aes ee sacle es acetate 556
Lampasas River fishes taken ...... ------- 1
amp iidid gs. se ne cestenises einen === ee ei=i5 = = 577
Lampris guttatus ..,..-s0seneene= ales elsianis 577
688
Lampropeltis polyzonus.....-----.--.----- 187
Lampropsar dives........2...02.-..4------ 152
Ta MUMLENA NYY! -a- e's bie ate saw = amioetemai 474
OPS ROLE GW, een «\n/'ar— eisoroeertsirntin ete 460
andudes of Mexico... 0.6. -=eseienge =n aan 138.
WaNIMSPIALMICES su... --c<cemie semen nid= sane 386
LOMIAGIS Souk een ote cena eee sen ia 156
OXOUDILOVIGES cup seen eee ean eel 138
INGOVICIANUS --e- a eae seen e eee 138 -
excubitorides....-..-. 138
Marids of Grenadauc: 2.006 oneeaeeec= <n 631
IMexiCOvccies cuecnte eee eeeee Be 179
animus): sn wees vies weenie ea wuee seinen 43
batabanusysc 5225.5 ee eee ee 433, 587
IBTROVICOPS. 2 sam mine ae cera 43, 587
stahlinceceeccenatiwewece eee: 587
WGAIoTS MINNIS ots oe bee neo ecmmece nee eimai 655
SICA eee e eee a scise nese emer 179, 631
brunneicephalus ......-..---------- 656
cachinnans ......-.---- Manecasaveee 655, 656
californicus ......------- ae 179, 656, 657
canus ..... Aime eye ee ere ataie etlete tattle 655
CTASSILOStEIS vecictantscnseelseee ae ae ee 655, 656
delawarenais ....--------....------- 657
franklinils ooo pckteeeeiceseeee eee 179
PIANCOSCENS <nen-0--2eeeeee= ee een 655, 656
RIP (qs ee eso erocresiseoacieiacdse 655
hesrmanni:.-...--s=2e-see eee 656
kamtschatchensis .......---.-..---- 655, 656
levicopterus-pes-=aee— es ==se= === 655
MAPIMUS ao ssceccossseeeeeemee set eeeee 657
MELANUVTUS suse. we acetone ate tees 655
NEON. <..26sc ehes cowesessesseecsH- 656
NIVOUS! LS sese soc ses eee eew deeeec eee 655, 657
occidentalis: 2. 5.6vene-2 saceeeedunet 656
TUCIHUNGUS 2 ses he8sberecsacetercceee 655, 660
saundersi....-......- qn geaee ree ee 656
BCHISHSAPUS <2 <sennecn es eeeecme 655, 656, 657
IASG DTUS Hacc s ose ne aciscweise soamelscnicieciecmre 586
SERUM Gere sa eal e oesianaiel taal neste 294, 380, 381
Lawrence, George N ..95, 146, 173, 614, 615, 616, 618,
619, 629, 622, 623, 624, 625,
627, 628, 629, 630, 633
edited Grenada birds. 609%
Beal Manvel. Wccsse essence ease ema aps 182
Lebistes peciloides -.-----.-.------------. 564
Lebrancho—Mugil liza........--...--.-.-- 35
Meche JOT. catesmce ste steeere se eee ee 209, 217
Lechuza de campanario......---.--..--... 163
LlanOeen ceases cee sees er eee = 164
hitada de cara negra......-.------ 164
NEGO ONDO; dE wes seme anrelmn nlniadete aial alate eeininte tet 409
Lee’s Creek fishes taken..-----.-...- .--- 6
Lefroyia bermudensis........---.---.----- 600
TRO ODIS a eee aoe sista eben eek een e aia 242
MCI DICE pee aimless eee eae etal are 108
Leisostomus xanthurus ........---.------- 588
WiGISOMMS 6 oe ee cele wesc civic wernt elelem == 242
GM PURsee eee en sce s ck cece tude =e nee 482
WGSM eee nee ceriee eee aeeeeema epee 223
VIGO p Abs Rese etc o bhineeeeee tee 223
Lenguado—Citharichthys spiloptrus. ...-- 53
Platophys lunatus......-..--- 51
Lepidogobius ......-.---.- 477, 480, 488, 508, 502
analysis of species of........ 502
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Lepidogobius emblematicus ...........---. 505
PTACHIB: “cass e eee eceseine eee 502
MUlOSUS. co oeees been eee ees 505
lopidusicic.icc—oeceues 502, 503, 517
NOW POLV cc swowiccen sate oeee 517
NOW DOLTY1-/- ose ene ce ees 502, 503
thalassinus=2 icc aed S752 5 505
Lepidosteus, absorption of suctoriai disk in 79
MANUAL Seas et ce een Cee 558
OSSGUS i eco asueaniee 6, 14, 2S, 22, 26
tristwchus ouscetseepeneseee 6, 558
Lepisosteid 2.025.525. .sc- ee eeeeeeae 558
Lepisostens):~-2.--2-0jdesnec eee aeeeeeee 339
spatula ...-....-..... cnet 558
Lepomis'cyanellus ....5..2---.--... sees 10, 12, 19, 21
holbrooki: s-ecc.ceut eee e eee 464
hoamilis en. .S-0eee Swaine ccanee 5, 10, 12, 16
megalotis ..-.5, 10, 12, 19, 21, 23, 24, 464
pallidus). 3-20-2245 10, 12, 14, 17, 21, 24, 464
Leporid from Alaska.............--.--.. 222
of Mexico's <2 s222acccsnaseceee os 130
Leptecheneis metallica -..-.. ao aeeetee aerate 572
Leptochiton cancellatus -......-.--..--. Zit, 217
Leptoconger perlongus............-..----- 567
Leptognathus fasciata ........---..-...--- 183
nebulata 2.8.55 20% Soe 183
_ Leptophidium profundorum ... ...--..--. 600
Leptophis mexicanus ............--......- 185
eptops Olva4ris\ << -o<cc--clsee eens 7, 14, 17, 18, 20
Leptoptila albifrons.-...........-..-....-.- 175
Leptorhinophis gomesii ?.......-.-...--..- 566
Leptoscopidss 5. 2.-js22cesccnep tae seen 598
Lepus sylvaticns:.252. 2502 aeeeesa es. - a 130
bimidns ters 52 Eee eens 222
Les Batrachopes 222.2222. Soe eae s ee 244
Dichotomyctéres <.<-- ee Cees ee 241
Dilobomyctores).-..s. -sepeee sean 241
Hiphipplons ssa. sae seen See 241
OVOVdes 22- tec oee see eee 241
IRyNCHOLGS === sea oases 245
Splieroiles one s--- sees ane eee 232
Le Sphéroide tubereulé .................-- 237
Lestoteuthisfabricit=.---scee-cceeh eee 209, 217
Le Tetrodon mal-armé .....-....-..-.....- 232
J museau-allongé....... -..-.- 246
perroquet ------ ===. -n anes 244
Plumien ts Sao seee ees 237
speuglerien’.---- eo ssee—aeeaee 237
Letharchts:velifer'-2-=22 -s-sccecennaneese 606
Leuconotepicus ... 2.2220. - a5. - 8-2 son naam 108
Lichtensteinipicus......-..---..-----.----. 123
Lightning holes in copper.....--..--.----- 89
EU6-WAlCOSD tos -a= naw elem one eee eet. 168
Dalfords Words. ~ on se wee ano eee ea 107
Limacina helicina.--...--- oasis seceee oeee ere 203
Limax (Agriolimax) hyperboreus -..--. 2O2, 217
hyperboreps.........-.........---- 202
Tie CUVAUSIS\ ssouscewce sees eee eee 564
TM ICOlS Soe 8 cee wate eee ee eee 622
Limneea (Leptolimnza) minuseula.....--. 253
OVala sees cence cence cee eeeee nen 217
palustris var. vahlii ....-.-.....-. 202
Walid soa ces ee ae eee 202
TLimnobenns Ws sats csstercmcsseceeweaear 396, 398
Limosa fedoa........ watioaistepicceeen baw ----- 628
Ee
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
Page.
Linneiis.....--- 37, 53, 201, 232, 240, 241, 243, 333, 340
- Linopneustes longispinus - ---------------- 288
MiomesuS -.--.--------cesce-ee= =a cere 304
Miopipo ...---------------+------"--52-"-- ‘ 108
Liopropoma aberrans .----------------+--- 581
NGOS CCUS cones one oe ania en = aise lnai= : 233
Liostomus xanthurus .------------- Seeids 28
Thiparis.--.------------ ----2------52--0-"-- 542
GEO seer ieee sae aise senile meine Be SAeP sh Pale!
- Lithodytes rhodopis ----------------- w2icles 197
Lithotrochus andii..-...------.----------- 250
Naifenitiaecceeceme ee ace ee eclae einai a mtn 204, 205
grandis. ......-------------------- 209
eronlandica...-------.------------ 203
TUGIS VELA? ese Saisie <<a) \sisiq~nt= == 203
Siukaneoe eee aces Genera 211, 218
Viale HeKANS «cee. se senna 218
tenebrosa, var. costulata.-.-------- 211
obtusatiea -.-.---- Pelt
var. atkana .---..-.--------------- 218
subtenebrosa....------------ 218
Litorinidx from Labrador. -.------------- 203
Liu Kin Islands, birds from.--.----------- 634
Liza-Mugil curema..---------------------- 35
Lobotes surinamensis...---------+-------- 582
Lockington, W. N..----------------------- 510
Lonchopisthus micrognathus.----- pasteles 598
Lonchurus depressus? .--------------- yee 588
NaN CO) At Sis — ee nein eae = =i 588
Lophius, development of spines in -.------ 75
piscatorius ...------------------- 30 |
Lophogobius. ....--------- 49, 477, A480, 486, 488
cyprinoides. ..49, 486, 487, 517, 595
j skeleton of. ----- 513
Lophophanes wollweberi..---------------- 135
Taonicariudss 22sec sceees\ese esses = - =~ === 559
Loro—Chrysotis sp ----------------------- 163
Scarus cceruleus .---.--------------- 48
virginalis..-..--------------- 47
Lovenia cordiformis. .-.-------------------- 288
subcarinata ...--.------------"--- 257
Lovén, Professor -..-------------------+--- 297
Lower California, new Rhinoptera from. - - 220
Loxia cerulea....-.----------------------- 141
Loxigilla noctis --------------------------- G14
Lucifuga subterranea .-.------------------ 600
Lucina profunda ......----+--------------- 251
PMC TTI Soe eee ae seine aoe oe ola =i = eimiin 339
Lunda cirrhata......-.-------------------- 655, 656
Dupha: .2- 22. 22-2 onan - == enn nee =o ==" 408
MuSciniinsbee en cces ese eens =a alia 644
Tutjanus.-------.-..2-------+------=------ 32, 41
ambiguus.....-.------- Re seine = oh 582
ANALG ose seeieee eels Snir iala 42, 583° |
aya ee AA, 226, 229, 334, 482, 534, 583
blackfordi ....-------4----------- 41.
brachypterus ...--.-- ete a eerie ata) 582
buccanella ...------------ RRR ie 41; 582’ |
caballerote....-..---------------- 41
campechianus .------------ ----- 533
_C@aMia ..-.-.--------------------- 534
BASIS sees aie aioe cristal ale 41, 534, 582
cayennensis -------- age eiane nis ate 588
CUDEL Re seen ees ae eee ena 41, 534, 582
cyanopterus ---.-----.----------- 582
Proc. N. M. 86——44
|
689
Page.
Lutjanus dentatus ..---.----++----++------ 534
type of ...-------------- a4
@risous .--------- 2-22 ---e 20707 41, 582
joc .-------+---------+---2--> 41, 534, 582
lunulatus .--.---.-------=------=- 40
lutjanoides .---.--.--------+----- 583
mahogani -------------------- 41, 53-4, 582
notes OU..-..--------------++++-"" 41
QOjanco--<---- CED Ee altel alalaintoie = 41, 534
profundus ..-----------------+--- 41, 582
synagris -..-.---------2-----+---° 41, 582
Liitken, Dr. Chr..-..-..----------+-------> 297
Lutra canadensis..----.---+--------+------ 221
Luxilus chickasavensis.-.---------------- 14
kentuckiensis ..-.------------+---- 4
Lycengraulis grossidens .----------------- 562
Lygosoma (mocoa) Gemmingetii - --------- 196
Gynx rufus /.2-----------2~-=-<="-=59 >= ==" 128
WOW SCAN boas -fmita atte == pe einin en mis 408
M.
Macabi—Albula vulpes ------------------- 33
Machuelo—Opisthonema oglinum..-...---- 33
Macleay, William --.-.----------- ++++-7--- 232
Macoma ‘ede ntula var. middendorfiii. .. 308, 309
middendorffi ....------------+---- 218
tenera, var. gronlandica ....------ 207
var. middendorfiii..---------- yaaa 308
Macrocolus halticus. .--..--------+-------- 409, 410
Macrocyclis Duranti.:.--------+---------- 460
Macrodon ferox . ------------------ ee eae 560
Macrodonophis mordax..----------------- 567
| Macrognathus ..---------+----++---+---+--- 336
scolopax ..-..-------------- 340
Macropharyngodon .---..----------------- 57
Macropicus ..------------+--+-2-2--08000" 123,
Macropneustes spatangoides. ..-----+------ 288
Macrorhamphosid@. -.--------+----+------- 571
Macrorhamphosus scolopax. ------------+- 571
Macrurids..--.------------s=-=----------- ' GOL
Macrurus caribbmus.---.----------------- 601
OCC Ree nen ce neaae atlas lniniainlnlo i 601
Mactra falcata.....----------------+----+-- 218
Malacanthidw.-..-.--.--------------------- 594, 607
of Havana......-.--<------- 48
Malacanthus plumicri.----- Bee eaten een 48, 594
Malacocephalus occidentalis .----.--------- 601
Malherbe -------------- REI RE ee ane 110
Mallard. oe tosceoncscis<beseleleein a= minnie al = 630
Malthe vespertilio...------------------ 54, 229, 603
Malthide......---- BP a eee re eta aaiaataanraletele 603
Of Havanaies-------00-e-----="" 54
Mammals from Alaska.-.....-------------- Zz
of Mexico: ---------------=-=- 27
Mangilia ? alaskensis- --...--------------- 299
HMeuhiCaesce sees see aces ee === 299
AIMeUIALO eevee se see enn 299
Tees a eee eee ee ca eae 299
Man-o-war Bird..-...-..---------------:- 630
Manta birostris.-.----------------------- _. 26, 368
Wamtilses.- see eeeces ences e ass nn a 558
Mapo—Batrachus tau ...---------+-------- 50
Marcgrave..-------------------2-2----- 40, 353, 602
Mareerav, Georg. ----- Rae aed te (Bade heh eeeratale 546
Maregravia cryptocentra.---------------- 546
690
Page.
Marepravia, new genus ..2..--. 2.2. 022 ...- 546
‘Marcou, J. B., on invertebrate types... << 250
Marcem americana :).2 0-20. ceeck we eons 659
MENGIOHS -. == - 6 sane aoe eens 655 >
MOMENI ALE D tole. saleccccan cet eee eon 257
planulata: 22-22 255-s-cneebeeeaees 288
MRE AUN R Ys. cpr0's seesaw eee meee: 206,
helieing,.2i 2... ees eee 206, 215, 218
ODSCUT a ssci2sems- tenors see es 209
OlVECOR seu ene eeeeere ne 209 |
var. gigantea .-........ 209
Umbiealis)--.sascassesceeer ees 206
VOLICORNL jane nieteeesacenee See ae 215,218
NOLticivers asac -eece seeldece ec 215, 218
Margaritana nobrascensis...........-.-... 252
Man ranitiphoray.-cc.c'=snececeet ate ee es: 206
Marinero—Ostinops sp......-........----- 149
Manmothoaryeacss sce cusccs ebatee eae 234
Marah alles oi o2ciohswsice asicn Savane men ce =e 297
WIRED ONG ee ae carci semen nt ware eel oe 380
Boren 2 oy acks vanes a eeate ae 378
SEMUSNY jo mot Gere tee ce eee eee 200
lonU-tuiled theo kone sete eee 381
Marsh-tits, appendix to...-.- pense tenet ee 394
SAPANESE 222 os ase wesc e wear BSl; B82
Marta—Cercoleptes sp ....---.:---....-.-- 128
Martin pescador—Ceryle sp ...........--. 160, 161
? GO MOA Je. eemee eee 161
Martinete cangrejéro. -- .. 22 onke-- cer anes 170
Martucha—Cercoleptes sp.............--.. 128
Mason, C. T., sent fulgurites........-...-- 83, 85
PELOTON De teens eae sate eens 5: 92
Mastacembelus's San .ce res. ueicteeacce aces 339
Matraca—Ceryle sp............ ain cpoaaciew 160
Proelodytesisp --2- 2-22.25. 136
Mianve: (aaruts'Sp)s.cce.se casei oes ae 631
Mazacoat]—Boa Spe. =o --ce.seeseeeee nce 183
May che William Grete io. coke eee ee cin os 461
: on new shell .......:.. 460
MeKiy (Charles lic owas--- Saeeta eens 222
mammals from-..-.....-. 221
obtained Dall’s sheep... 224
MCPIGUUNA. 12 ina cee aee oot eee See Ree 382
loncicandata.-- 02... eee ae 3s
PINCLONUIN jaan iamte oe ee 286
TOSCO Memn as ace ele eee pee 384
VaPals. secret -cneeaeh een an OOo OS ooe
Media luna—Chetura sp.......:.........- 158
NRE Gun cose cee neets 38, 225, 525, 526, 529
collected fishes.......---.... 1
on Acanthurid® .-.......... 48
Gerridwenidieses---- eee
Sphyrsenides 3-2. 65. -oe. 36
took Etheostoma whipplei -. 9
Megalops atlanticns......---2-.c2.2-5-.00. 33, 561
Megascops elegans.......-...--.....-.639, 640
measurements of .....--. G4Al
japonicus. ...............639, 640, 641
TeGtinee teens Lammas eens 639, 640
COS rere ete ieee ee 639
ME OINTIT AH stares celta oa ik ao ate eee eines 382
MC PISTOMUS ies oman cee aoa sicte aint 382,
MoelanGttaec.sevcscchecse>-csmcembeebosaes 659
Melanerpes formicivorus.............-.-.. 159
Melania wyomingensis..............-..... 253
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Melanotis cxrulescens .................--. 132
eMelichthivya piceus 2.) 24-22 eee eee 604
Mellitalongitissa .-1-sccecose ane ees 284
POCINCS cs. cousee eee eee coe 284
BEXLOVIS 00 = saucer see eae 285
MeSUUGINATA S222. = Sc coer ete eeee 285 -
Melopelia leucoptera.....-........------.- 175
Melospiza fasciata mexicana .............. 144
Lincolniis— soa. ceee eee 144
melodia var. mexicana.......... 144
iMonephotus 6-2. ~ccso0 ee ee ee 581
punctatus'l cece. cece ee 581
Menidia brasiliensis...........--....0..-.. 571
(acini a bh jn) es ee cr ee 27, 530
MALUNICA ase. eee eee ee eee 530, 571 .
MONICA cscece eee eee eee 27, 530
Menticirros albnrnus s-_-2-22-e0ee ences 28, 539
OLONAUNG 524 ce aeee Renee 588
ittoralig:: - assesses ee os 28
TOATLNICONSIS:~ - eso tee eee ee 539, 588
Mentiperai. oc ncssen seco se 579
Meomajgrandis:.cc2.2)-- tee ee 291
VONGMIGOSS:. 2.2 .220 0 a. ee aoe 291
Merganser albellus...............-.--.---- 655
CASLOR. 65. 5a .ee sent eee 655
MEPS ANSEL no semen ee 655
AGLITAUOS sono oes eee eee 655
Meorgansers ... Voceoe = oto ae ee 660
Merle, in soseean ce eoececce asta ee 615
Merion «pc ecce ce cecn ce ot ae ee eee 622
Merrill, Geo. P., on fulgurites......-...... 83
Merula alpestris .............--. 365, 366, 367, 369
Coll anis. 5. Sasso as ee eee 372
flayvirostris osc Se oaee ee ee 132
PT AV 2 oc a eens ae ee ee 132
ED SIE DIS = fawo ls oc se aoe ee ee 369
MACHIAtA Sos cece eee ae see eee 369
migratoria propinqua............-. 132
MONGAN A one oot oet te eee 372
ROLQUS UG te cpa ae oe ae eee 367, 369
GHISHIS Soe oe ois on = oe ci 131
Vociferans:. 5. tceqce = oo eee 369
Mesogobiug\<<.cos--2cce c= 487
Mesoprion campechianus ..............--. 41
cyanopterus, type of........... 534
cynodon, typo! Ot--- sass see see d34
flavescens, type of........-....- 534
lines, type oleceae tee eee eee a34
libura, bypelor: =e ee eee 534
mahogoni, types of..........-.- 534
Dates. acweee eo oes a eee eee 534, 582
TiCardlss 2S e.25_ 2S eee eee o34
ViVaUs... 23 Ae eee eee 41, 583
LY DOS OL neceec oe setloee 554
Mesozoic invertebrate types, list of......- 250
Mesphilia flobnlos-cs--s4-2e esse eee 257, 277
Metaliaipectoralist .-2- sn uee nese eee 290
BLORNMIS. cotta aeaeer Se amen RIetS 291
Mexico, catalogue of animals of..-........ 125
Ditds (of 5-24seeseos 130
genervor birds Gl.- 5+. scesseeess 180
new binds: trotleco.s.c-5 een eee 130
TEpules 0h. - cscs. anon ee oe ee 182
and batrachians of..-...... 199
Moyer; Dr A.B ee fe ee ee 642
1
Page.
Meyer, Dr. Paul..---..-------------------- 74
on fins of Elasmobranchs. 71
- Miahuacuitlapitl—Dipsas sp------ -------- 184
Micrathene graysoni ..-------------------- 166
whitneyi.-......----------- 165, 166
Microcichla .....-------------+----+++------ 644
Microcyphus maculatus..---------------- -257, 277
Microgobius ..-..------------ 50, 477, 480, 488, 503
analysis of species of..-.---.- 503
emblematicus ..-..------ 498, 305, 517
gulosus...------.----- 503, 3505, 517
skeleton of....------- 514
signatus. .49, 503, 504, 505, 517, 596
skeleton of...-.------ 514
thalassinus...504, 505, 517
Micropalama himantopus. --..------------ 178, G28
Micropodidx of Japan..--------.---------- 102
EMGx1COm sa sesesl= === (1-1 == 158
Micropodoidee of Japan ..---.------------ 102
Micropogon fournieri .------.--------+-+-- 44, 588
TMGaACUS seen == ase = 28, 44
Micropterus dolomiei .-.------------------ Sale
SulMOldeS! scenes wees ee cae 10, 12,
14, 16, 19, 2H, 22, 24, 464
Microsicydium ...---------.---+--+--- -+--- 485
Microspathbodon chrysurus.-.------------- 593
SP ----------------------- 38
Middendorff......------------------------- 210, 213
Milvulus forficatus.....------------------- 155
tyrannus ..-..----------- +------ 619
Mimus gilvus..--..-----------------+-------- 610
polyglottos ..-..------------------- 132
Mitr eeee ee ea eae a= seems einan | =\-mnia)a sin ninl~ 221
Minnows in Rio Comal ..-----.------------- 23
Minytrema melanops. --.------------------ 462
Mirlo—Turdus sp ---------- Pee eeee ase eel 131
MTEC Hille seers aals = ciclo i=l <1nme i= saline 37
_ Mitrephorus fulvifvons --...--------------- 155
Mniotilta varia. ......-.-.----------------- 136
Mniotiltids of Grenada ..-.--.------------ 611
IMGs COlenes nia =< elea= == = 136
Mobius, Prof. C., Echini from.------------ 257
Mobula hypostoma..-.--.------------------ 558
Mochuelo—Syrnium sp..------------------ 164
Modiola modiolus ---..-------------------- 218
Modiolaria discors -.-..-.----------------- 218
levigata......-- Sees 207, 216, 247
(Ware) pesos esac 218
Ifa Slesoconcuder* Pees ate aia 216, 217
Rilo Tring: Sa6e Sceceaoesoero oe seneeeodenodoe 589
de Casta—Gerres cinereus .--.--. 44
Ley—Gerres gracilis......---- 45
Gerres gula..----......- 44
Gerres pseudogula..-.--. 45
Gerres olisthostoma..-..---------
THOMDeLS sees see ela 44
Moira atropos .--.--------------------+----- 292
MeN yisirMn Ole sees ee eel ole a me mia ral tarsinyo lala = 606
Mole, new genus and species of ..-.------- 97
Mollusea from Bering Island .....--------- 209
of Bering Island-......-...-.----- 217, 218
Mollusks from Labrador, list of..-.-.------ 208
of Bering Sea, notes on.--.-...---- 297
apratloves sss eeseeeeeacees = -- 202
Molossus glaucinus ...--.---.-.----------- 127
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
44 |}
691
Page.
Molossus rufus.-....-....2+.-+--ss--------- 127
Molothrus zneus..-----.------------------ M55
OTe tei ies a min acai lal mlm lm =) dt
ODSCUIUS ---.--..-:--.--<-- 151
Momotide of Mexico..-...--.-------------- 160
Momotés ceruliceps -.---------+-------+-+- 160
MOXICANUS) soo nee nse ee aae ase ne 160
Monacanthus amphioxys.-. ----- ------------ 605
Cilia Ste sees aa teenies 605
davidsoni ...--- Seats seer 605
hispidus ....-....----------- 30, 605
TLPOLAUGM Siac ee ete setae =n 605
MACLrocerus .-....----------- 605
Occidentalistesscee-eaiscae a= 605
OPPOSIUNS o~ ca saree ee == 605
parraianus ...-...-------.--- 604
pira-aca.-.-.-...---1-------- 605
PUllUS ees ce se eee eer taal 605
PUN COATS {honest tela 605
SOUMOR ees soe eos aa 605
spilonotus..-..-.....--5..--- 605
SUrilSee coe seco eee cete eee 604
Mongita de S. Bartolo—Euphonia sp..-.--- 140
Moniana pulchella ......------------------ 8
Monochir reticulatus .-....-...----------. 602
Monolene atremana..-..--...-..----.----- 602
Monoprion..-...-.----------- Dee eee 586
MWONOSIT AN sees eens e sala ea ae i=ia = iale 587
Stahligee sae nase coe eee aaa ae 587
INOnNOLT Ota eee see see cece sete ee alee aaa 243
Monticola solitaria ..-.-------- A cece ae 6416
MNMoonnenee ee eee sees = cee aaa nal 406
Mone hese cece ne steer eal leer t= mila 298, 303, 304
Morena pintita—Sidera moringa .------.--- 34
Witter adogosestsesnceooes soces pecan bac 460
Prof. E.S., sent new mole.-.--.-.--- 97
Mosquero—Contopus sp -.----------------- 155
Hadrostomus sp -------------- 156
Motacilla cerulea..-..---- Ree eS cata 134
Calenunl ananassae cee ase see enact 133
melanope ----=-----------------= 642
CESULV Bie ee ea a a oles aele tet aim mintale 137
STOCKS Hae ee eee eee eeesieee 383
VALI Sie eee ce encine eine eee Saten|atalar= 156
: VAN OTIS ere a stele tate TREE SSC Se 137
Motacillidz of Mexico ..--...--.---------- 136
Moto—Spermophilus sp.----- eee a aoe a 129
Mountain Grieve ..--.-....-.------...----- 609
Mouse, Jumping ---.---------------------- 223
Moadowerecsceesceeeeeee aes Soils 223
edsbackedeeesee sess eee = as 20
MoxoOstomna cooeee cee ose eran seme lene aie 11,15
AUT COMM eye nares ata aiolo ain = atnim ale 18
congestum....-.--------- 48, 20, 22, 23
macrolepidotum....----------- 2,7, 11
pocilurum....----------------- 15
Mugil albula.--..-------------------------
brasiliensis
cephalus soo. 23e2 2.22 eee ciecnnceee=- 27, oF
CULCHIA CS see anes sees aa He amin o= = 27, 35, 571
gaimardianus .---.--.-------------- 35, 571
INGLIS MEE eee seers ose scan ina sis wel 571
lepranehus secs. os sea e aan 35, 531, 571
Ait eee eae ere eae ee erect 35, 530, 531, 571
trichodon .---.-=<--..-.----- 35, 530, 531, S571
692
Page
Mugilidss .2....--..... Rataoaale ae eee en 571, 607
OL MAVANS! =... see oa cccsee anes a5
Mulato Primavera—Melanotis sp.---.---.- 132
INDO GR erte ate aie cioie cla 'picneols.aie yaute sinwmts animator 242
BSED AV ON ore melee mise aie ee 370, 371
Wommodore HMicosseneenseecneae ns 454
and “Trosohel :3.cccse"scncnrennscse 235
Pious £LOM 2 noes caciaecce mses eeees 108
PMTMMOLEDICUS | o-t sae vente tase cececases assea 123
TIGNHPOGI eso nena eae oe 124
INTIAL SS. c oace ee wees eate oe einnd oe eee 586, 607
Of diaVANa. aso cos es ecaceeucuoes 43
Mulloides flavovittatus..........-..--...-- 43
Manllus surmuletus: «.....<s<c.caeesnenos-=. 356
BULTAUNS co sa siale siseceate 607
RVING enOks eer oNie sa 6 cea aaee ae eens 454
MMRTSO NE HLT Spe oe a mS as ae een enero 565
CnDANG oc. ococensmescem soe aee 34
LOH PICOMIS he sem ae eee eam eet 474
MelANOS).. 066 eos esapians secu 566
mUltiocellnte -scns-caceecesas cess
Pa hears ECNUDVIAENGS eehs ce ees oc ese
Savanna
Murenide
i 566
567
567
HOG mie swiaw eiaiaynis as cose sem sate Siete eg 565, 606
Ol HAVANA sasen aap ewan eee 34
MnBNOI Ose scemas ase a= nannies 542
Murznophis punctata........-.--..------- 566
Murciélago—Artibeus sp-.-.---....--.----- 128
Cephalacanthus volitans. .-.-. 50
Molossus spp ..-------------- 127
Vampyrops sp ........-...... 128
Miprdeqhss Olle nase .o----s6-25--5s—s5eeae 297
Murex magellanicus .....-..--..------..-. 213
Mnuridew from Alaska.............-..-..--- 223
Murrelet, Ancient ..--......-.-.-..-=..... 524
TemmInCGkss)50.~<-s9-e2 eR cs=/4 524
Muscicapa forficata ..............-.--.---- 155
lip yale ame nodece a obpedocn AE 155
lee De eee aes esas eee eae 154
TLS PLE eee ee ee eesti 137
SRY D seerencavececmwwmannansss-- 154
LOXGHSIGis = sneeese ee apeen een ee 154
Mus decumanus from Japan ..---..------- 97
ONT Boia Useless oar era 223
Mustela brasiliensis......-.-.........----- 129
? TL CVALA) somaig = coon Sacene = eee 129
Mustelidw from Alaska....---......-..-.. 221
Or MGxiCO secre eee eee eet 129
IMGIR PGLGS coms ale amiete ole latte aaa ee 555
CONIA (es orale ale aialeieictawtaio rota mine atest 310, 315
Myon! (CANOUS/SP:)) See cee mn=loinininia atone 632
IMEy Su ATCTATIR cee ee ela ee meee n=) eee 207
GOUT OS Ohl a ola -eininlnlntnlel = te ete reel eia ia 207, 218
Myiadectes obscurus.........------.-- see 133
Myadestes obscurus........-.-...........- 133
Mycteroperea bonaci......-.-...-.---.---- 40, 580
SAINTS .wsoeccemsces as eks 580
dimidiata . 22 25-.5.cehese<> 580
FAICALR 522 <2) sebeneaenedees 39, 580
INTOVSGIbIALS 22a oe sents 39, 580
microlepis.......-- sere 27, 40, 580
i TOMCUIAESs a wc)a.c somo eebeh Ss 580 |
; scirenga ........- tas 356, 532, 580 |
OUR eins os 5 ol ae ce oe ce 3 a 580 |
Venenosa......-.-.--++--.--- , 580 |
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Mycteroperca venenosa apua ..........---. 40,580
Myctophum nocturnum............-..---- 503
Myiarchus cinerascens. --..<2 Je... 6. -=- 155
coalei, new species ........-... 520
New Species Ole sesoscneeeee ee. 520
MIGVICODS\s coe ea ee eee see 520
ODOM soso e ater ce dese eaeeee G17
Myiodioctes pusillus -........-..-.....--.- 137
Myiopsitta lineola? ...........----...---- 94
Myiozetetes texensis....-.-..--.-..-..--.. 154
IM VOD SHO pce a3 2 52 Soe e na wees omie ee 558
Myliobatis fremenvillei .....--...-.-.....- 26, 558
POON Clee ad en eae a a eanere eee 558 |
IM-yodes: OHGHSIS!= so. ne epee see hee nee ee 23
Mcyriopristis fuleens)2_325- 2 s-se-meeeode 578
JACODUS js sees ceo e Leen ease 38,39
My CHWS eo eens crest aoe 38
Myripristis: Jacobus’: ---s--6-.0c-ees-e-4== 57
Iyehnus!-<2.2520-.be-oceeeaees 578
traghypoma-<o-2 ese n one 578
Myrmeciza longipes .........---------.--- 644
Myrophis egmontis -:-..----.-<.-2-t6.-5=- 607
Jongieollis 2--:.2.c.s-s<esreer cote 474
lam bricusses <.=4----6 Sees eaede 474, 567
MICrOStiGMIUS:.- <<. csse ee ceme ne 474, 567
punctapis ees neces emcees ATA, 567
Mytilus: edulish<3.>.< 52.5 sts. oe aero 2O7T, 218
Myxodes acm brs:2)-..--2ce-seeqoreeeneas 599
IMACTOPUS :\s 2a ose ee eee 599
Valls coon oc.cen nese e eo eeee See 599
VErsicolon ia. e =~ 42 esse en 599
N.
Namiye, M..... 375, 635, 637, 638, 639, 640, 642, 645,
646, 647, 648
bird named forse... ccs =cs=a eee 119
sent Japanese birds.......---- 634
Narcine brasiliensis 2. 5-2-0 scesene ees 472, 557
coratlina ~2cesesnee eee 472
DUE cane ae eee ieee atat 472
UNDLOSA }-.scer tee 472, 557
Watics clausayo-sone-no- aer eee oe cere 212, 218
gronlandica ..-.-..-......-......... 212
VR SS ete aflame 218
septentrionalise....-.-..ssseseone 212
Nancrates ductor sa-coses=seceeee ee eee 575
Naumann... 5 oneness a= enna 397
Nauyac—Bothrops sp......-..-.---------. 190
Nauyague—Bothrops sp ..-.-..----------- 190
Naval architecture, Norsk....-........... 443
Nesra behringensis....-.--.------0-cscs0e 216
Nealotus ophidianus ..... ................ 573
Nebris MLOIODS ons ae5-- sae oer eee aoe 588
Weedle-fishi2s- 2 c.ceeso ase nee so aeaeeen ie 351
Califomian=---acosesacesee sane 349
Needle-fishes, American ..---.----...---.- 339
Nehring sas: Soa-coe: se ee teeaetees eae 136
Nematognaths, adipose fin of ..-........-- 72
* air-bladderof.....-.2.--.- 72
aRbElsohassaseeeaeee ease 72
NeMmAtONOMas sf aen- ase - eee eee 560
Neobythites @ully goon acne n lane wenicnenns = 600
Marpinavus..-.2. cons scecu~=-\ 600
TONRSTUS ise eat a cen seene ee oes 600
NiGOCLUINUS ane cesmeae eee ngaenande ik aeiemets 510
Page.
Neoconger mucronatus...--.-------------- 607
Neolampas rostellata.-...--..--------+---- 286
Neomurena nigromarginata ..-.---.------ 473
Neptunea harpa. ..-.---------------------- 304
(Sipho) terebralis.-.------------ 205
BST Gaeee eee eee = cee eeeienieaic tari =i~\= 252
METOpHISee~cessce= ==’ eee === === 570
INGUIN Ase Stee sac se sala c mae RO Mies 263 559
Neumoegen, B.-.-...---.------.-----+------ 415
MS peeeee Deyameraeeenoacese= 421
RIB ITOLDICHUS ys soos sees eee eee eee micas 97, 98
gibbsii, measurements of... 98
EW ENVG OM ee nase nase ache anise seis mela = - 460, 461
Newland, Mr., on Sphyrenidw...---.----- 36
Newton, Teeotankee Oe nas 2 raat LPS ATR 2 200
Nichols, Lieut. Com. H. E .....---.------- 297
Eechini from. -- 256
Nicolaysen, Mr ......--------------------- 455, 459
Ninia atrata seb ..-----.------------+---- 187
Var. sebe...--. tena aes 187
Ciatemna beers meee eee see eee «l= 186
PNG arn DB ee eta rala/ot==\=1e eae tees 242
RVOMGIO ae eeee ee aee eerie eee ee nas ese 576
Nomeus gronovii....-.-------------------- 27, 576
OX VUEUS ooo ae oe alert i= i= = 576
Norman, Rev. A. M., Echini from -.--..--- 257
Norsk naval architecture.-.--...---.--.---- SAS
North Carolina fishes. .......--+---.-e-++- 2D
Notemigonus chrysoleucus bosci.--------- 462
iouhocercus salleaie= 2-2. 5--- eee elem nie 180
Notropis analostanus .-...---------------- 11
COGCOCARIS eee nee e- eee eee n=, 3
Goumalisee- steerer eee sae = m= 24
(HEH sdboo~ Seae sebouoerec 7,08,14,95
deliciosus ..-..----- 15, 17, 19, 22, 23, 24
var. missuriensis -.--- 24
galacturus <--.---------.-------. 2,3
WIECeDLOSUS ea ee assess ceeiee st = 7
HDI Seco ds Goose nemadanodtosar a 11
lutrensis.--.---. 8, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 2:2, 24
TE PaO PS eee terete alate cata atat— = 4
TMULGPOP LOL Y Mela s ers ela alae lin at
MO COMIN teas ea gases teste 24
MOUADU SHEE sees aeaeie eis os sas rae= 20
piptolepis .---.------------------ 2
sabinew, new species. ..-..---..--- 45
SeapMCOPSieeeeseeeerse see oe se 7, 11,24
SWamleeee sess ee sees wees 1, 22, 24
ORAS: om seem cele cece stececisice 47,19
TEMA UES eee eee eee ite ee eel
MOMENTS oe ee amen e 14, 15, 19, 20, 21
stigmaturus-.-..--.--.- 462
Wwhipplei =-=----.--------.------ §S, Hf
SECM OGODNALU Sees eee seme neam = 462
TOV AUIS secs eee cinetslestsi= =iale 6 3,4
Notur us, adipose dorsal of ..-..----------- 80
development of adipose dorsal in- 81
HAVES ese eee a ee cee eaeec ne 6,7
@yTLIMUS ..-.---------- f=. - = ee 6
BETS OMNIS tele ete eee eternal 6
Jeptacanthus?---+--.s-ece=-== == i
IMUULUS ese ae ee Mee eee esos 2, 6, 10
MNOCUMLNUS ae eee ese eetee se LUN Os Ait ss
new species.-----.--- 6
TARE ite aga es es oempocbebpperoscaoonee 286
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
—
693
Page.
Numenius borealis ...:..----------------+: G29
MIKGSONICUSH Otte eeiase ceria sie 629
longirostris .------------------- 179
Nuthatch, Hondo ..----..----------------- 390
Kamtschatkan.-.....----------- 393
BVOGR Ov aea ce aio ein sele se = =)<)-i-1- 392
Nuthatches of Japan.....--.-------------- 374
Nycticorax nycticorax niwy TUS Ceeeiasee =e 170 |
: violaceus .<.--.5...2.------- 170, G27
Nyctidromus albicollis .--.---------------- 158
Nyroea ferruginea .--...------------------ 655
O.
O-akagera—Dryobates subcirris ---.------ 113
Oar, early scandinavian .-.---- eee retest 449
O-ban (Pulica sp.)) .--2-2-2++-se~---=-~-=—/ 408
Ober, F. A..--.-------=--2e0------ 609, 617, 620, 627
Obispillo—Parus sp -.-.------------------- 135
Oceanites oceanicus ..-.-----.------------- 632
Oceanodroma furcata --...-.-------- aceee 655, 656
homochroa ..-....--------.- 656
Teucorhoa.<-<-. 2.5 -- 3 seen 655
melania-..-.....6----------- 656
Ocyurus chrysurus..-.------------++++-+++ 42, 583
Odontaspis littoralis -.--------- ee eae ieiatats 316
_ Odontognathus mucronatus --------------- 562
-Odontogobius ..-.-----------+------------- 487
Odontoscion dentex ..---.----------------- 44, 587
Qgilvie—Grant.-------------+--++-+-+-+--- 485
Ogmius .--..----------+--+++-2ceer er teteee 189
acutus, new species....-------.--- 189
VaTiaS .-------------------------- 189
Ognichodes .---.---.--+---++-----++-- ateiatere 512
Ohio basin fish wealth .--.---------------- 25
Ohirocentroden-teniatus.--..------------ = —a00e-
Oidemia americana .--..-----------------.- 655, 659
deglandi .-..------------------+-- 659, 660
AUS ai eee ee eet eee se a= aemra 655, 659, 660
NiIGVA. ---------------- oe eee eee ee 659
(Pelionetta) perspicillata .--...-- 659
VOLVGUING. sejcseac oa c\ete = -n[=)= ===) 659
Ojanco—Lutjanus mahogani ---..--------- 41
Oligolepis --.--------------------+---+r-+++ 487
Oligoplites occidentalis.....--------------- 38, 576
Sali ONS eee se cies penta eilminln 576
SAUTUS ..---.-----202 epafete etal eteteteta 38, 576
Oligosoma gemmingeri.---- ai eee 196
Olor americanus .----- ----c.-+-----------"= 658°
bewicki ...--........---------+---5--- 655, 658
columbianus ----.....26./------~-----~- 658
CY QDUS..--.---------- +--+ 2-2-2222 ee -- 655
Olphe—Galliard, Leon..-..---------------- 368
O-naga (Aigithalos sp) .-------- ---------- 384
Onoba aculeus ..--.--..-------+--+---------- 307
ACU CAN see scien eels wiaiee = aim =| imine oi 307
Cornellarsssseoss sea c cee sisi =icieoe = 307
proxima.....--.--.----+----------5- 307
Baxaiiliseecs se ceca cess er mn lein= = 306
stlidta)--.-5.0--.4------- mete ateeratiat 307
Onychoteuthis kamtschatika.--. --- ----- 209
Onzita—Putorius sp .--------------------- 129
Ophibolus polyzonus -------------------+--- 187
Ophichthys brachyurus..----------------- 567
chrysops .-------------------- 566
566
havanensis.-..s-.--s.-c+--28-
694 ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page. Page.
Ophichthys intertinctus ..-..----.---.---- DO? TH AOrthostomns 2-2 eec) sot tate eece neces eee 481
PABCRULUG seer oe ciscswaa ee aaas 566 | Ortolan (Columbigallina sp.).--....-...--- 25
MAPHIOCUUISEE ec. He eeeae DoS T sOrtyoometiar. -o- 365505 semen aetna 401
acellathng Geese sans eeeetoee oes 566 4| iOrtyx pectoralis:.<-./.<.sccecneeeescsnocne 176
DALINS ce-eee een eee ence ene 566 THOS DLOY 5... soca «2s sotccn Boceeeueeeoeeees 622
PAUCIPOLUS: so----sseeeee a= or 567 | Osteuchiton, new name ............------- zat
PISIVATINS # ocho aetecee een 566 | Ostivops montezuma.......-...-..-------- 149
puncticeps.......---... eee 567 montezum®....-..-..-..-------- 149
ponctiferoa2. sep eseeees aca 567 || ;Ostraclidee. 05 bos eth eee Ae ee eee 604
AcCIMOIOGE acess se eee 567 of Havana .2sccro. 26 es ees 54
triserialis)s-.--c neue seoneode 566 | Ostracion bicaudale........-...----.-s224- 54, 604
Ophidia of Mexico tesses-eeseseren == "ae 183 cathetoplateo oblongus ..-.....-- 232
Ophidid mec esceee oe esas a= ee hea sees eee 600, 608 oblongusglahers--2-.-22-4.2s5er 239
Ophidion beanii =. oo -- en eee n= ee em 608 quadricormis.. 2.22282. «ose cee 604
DISVIDATDO <2 scescc~-caccccss ce 600 tricorme.-.-200-<c4-sbeseee ee 54, 604
STAC Sema aneeaee sae eee eee G00 if onwm josh see aeece sees 30, 54, 604
marginatum ...--.----..-+-------- 29 triqueinom? =< pcses= 2 ee eaeeee 604
Opin Peano cess emcee es ease acc enle 475 | Ostracium expansum.......--:..--++-«---- 604
PHAN OMA ULM ee eels eee eles 600.) Ostrea (Alectryonia) Blackii.............. 252
Ophioblennius webbi.---.--...--.--------- 598 LAT a) ooh oee epee eee eee eee ened 252
| OYA aT Ss SS SS SS ee ociogagoss=e _ . 567 procombens:.---=->-2s-sepeeeeoeer 250
ABIPUCSS ath a eiee ote Seana nee es 567. COTINALB ion coon jaije cine ee eee eee 252
10 DUIS ee see circa ge ee nena atte 566, 606 compressirostra ......------------- 258
Ophisurus acuminatus..--...----.--.------ 566 dilaviana:<. ue. ee eee 952
DUC VIGG NS ee eeree nee meee eae 566 elegantula. -.-<..)c2ce Shae eee 252
latimaculatus?....-...--3----5- 566 PAD EAS e eee. ene nes eee 253
LON SUS aaa re sees seater 566 BLOLATIA.. -..<- sens veces ese 250
ACC AS Se Ae ee ee eee 546 Inmegmlania' 25-22. sssceeeader wee ee 250
Ophryacnsundulatusss cusses eemeeneees 190 lurida:s.. a2 s-.s eco eee 254
Opisthognathide .-..-- Seas eihee enter 598, 608 plamosay >. 22.25. nce ee eee 252
Opisthoonatlns wes. asses eseee eee 510 selleeformis------ = sae esenneee eres 253
lonechurasacsescoceecscsees 608 strigilecula..v2usc ss accleeeideeeeneee 250
macrognatha. ......----..- 598 subfaltata::.:c3t22. - -eeeeeeee ae 254
mMeristOMa:co--'s°--< 2A) = 598 testicostata’ <-~ 5-7 .-sseseeeee ene 252
scaphiura.-....----cs-ca-- 598, 608 thins: .25-¢ 52.02 esceseseeeeenees 253
Opisthonema oglinum .....-..----------- 26, 33, 561 Vicksburgensis\-ecns-=2-c-ssenaeee 253
Opisthonemus thrissa........--.---------- 33 VOMCE A. oe. n peer ea eee eee e 252
Orbis levis variecatus :.---- --...5.2--<-.- 239 | Otariide from Alaska..........-.----.-.-- 222
TAS OCR DNAS eeeeeisee eee elena eel te Zee | \OthOnops) 24-6. oes vcs anne pe eee 510
Oreynus alalon eae ee oleae ae alee eee eee 574 COS). 2a eee eee 511
subulatus ...----- Sacer enemies 574 | Otolithus carolinensis..........-...-..---- 540
EEN eerie eee ite lee ee 574 guatucupa, types of.....-......- 540
DiS eee anaes a eee eer 574 leiarchus, typeof .--.--.--.5-.-- 540
Onighags ater accce sores eececenone eae 151 nebulosus, type of ........-..-.- 340
DEO ICO US cen esee s eeeeeee 151 TOSTOCE~ == emecieee == =e een eee eee 588
BpUUS cessor eee = eae Ses Citas : 150 VITGSCONGi! = se \owwdes + oeeene eee 588
TAPOR er etait ocinciaictenceene owner eset see 382 | Otophidium omostigma ...-...--...-.----- 608
SLUGS Sete ole ee retell ee 384° | sOtter..2.s5.c0 seascetccccey sce et oon ees 221
OrnrchthySses- eee eeaeee ee eae eee 327, |, Ovis canadensis Dalli<.-: -22s.ecceeeeeeee 224
Ornismya cyanocephala ......-...-..---.-- 158 | Ovum..-----.----------- 20-3. secens--=---- 241
CEP OMB ace cence te wea ena ior eeeiciet iat Loy) Owen: a. - 2c eee ee ee ee 76
NENTICA- oc cccewes) So ce reese csn Posie Owls 2s cee a ctavs hehe eee ae eee eee 621
Orpheus ccerulescens-------...------------ 132 SOCOITO EME. 2 25/5 <sonce ee teeeene parece 166
CORVIVOSUNS once seeseoe seen 132 | Oxydontichthys limbatus .......---...-... 567
ORAS MACOAMN - ccs c cep ancsepae asin 176 | Oxyechus vociferus...........--..-.....-- 627
poliocephala.-<.-. oe ee ceereeaen= 175 | Oxyeleotris --<..6..00 5500-9 esa nnaneen=- 483
vetulavar. maccalli.......-...... A76) | Oxyjus) =< 3-5) -t mene seen een 56, 65, 69
Ortalis poliocephala...........-.---------. 175 analysis of species of .-.....------ 65
VOnEUls, TIACCALL . a. occ ceeictcets cone 176 Galiforpicus:<sn..-=05s5 cee 65, 66, 69, 70
Ortheconscidie.-s-sce-) on-set eee 606 MOGGRLUS aceon ee ee 65, 66, 70
Orthopristis bennetti......-..-..---..-.--- 583 | Oxymetopontine.....--.....---...-------- ATT
chrysopterus.--.. 02-5. --a5i- 27, 42,583 | Oxyrhopus cleelia -...-------..-s.05--5---- 187
fulvomaculatus......--..--.-- 42) Oxyurichthys. <. s.0sc7e<seceese-neeem =e n= 487
ORV bee van sens eccomac = tanee 42,583 | Oyster-catcher, anew.-..-...--.-..------- 324
Orthorhynchus cristatus.......---...-..-- 620 | Ozark region fishfauna ......-.-..--..---- 25
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
pF PR
Page.
Pachymya austinensis.--------+-----77-7- 252
Pachypops furcreus.------------++-+7777- 587 |
trifilis -..------------------ oe 587 °
Pachyrhynchus aglaiw --------------+++--- 156 |
Packard, A. S..--.--------------0-75 c0775 416, 430
Pacollus eo -e2--2-e- a= een ~ merce o oe 589
pernambucensis ----------------- 585
Paille-en-queque (Phaéthon sp.) ---------- 631
Pajaro boko—Momotus sp -------+++----7 160
gato—Lanius sp -------------25577- 138
Palwichthyes discussed. .----------------- 82
Paleobrissus Hilgardi .------------------- 287
Palxotropus Josephine. --.-------+----++- 287
‘Palancacoatl—Crotalus sp -----------+----- 191
ehinechis Sp)--+---+-------- 186 |
Paleopneustes cristatus .----------+-+------ 287 |
hystrix ....---------------- 258
Paleostoma mirabilis...---.----+---------- 257
Geen eee cine nin = a inimieinisi2= = == 396
Palmer, Dr. Edward, collected Echini .--- 256 |
Paloma barranquera .--.-----+-----+ +--+" 75 |
torcaz de alas blancas.----------- 175
Palometa—Trachynotus rhomboides..---. 38 |
Pampano—Canarx crinitus.--------------- 87 |
Pandarus bicolor. ---.----------------+------ 311, 314 |
OTANI C HME eats ates imieley—) le = 315, 316, 317
descriptions of species of .------ 310 |
lugubris ..-..-----------++------ 315 |
Sinvatus: ec ess —=— === 310, 315, 316 |
Smithii, new species ----------- 315 |
SD esis eeioiai-fn\ele)n'=2 = = wrnicinnie mle 310 |
Pandion halizxtus carolinensis ------------ G22 |
Papamosca boyero—Sayormis sp ---------- 154 |
eris—Contopus sp.------------ 155 |
‘ —Sayornis sp..-----------+---- 154 |
verdoso—Contopus sp ---.---- 155
Papamoscas aplomadito—Polioptila sp ---- 134
Papamosquita canclo —Empidonax sp. ---- 154 |
Papamoxca negro de rio—Sayornis sp. ---- 154.
Papavientos—Antrostomus sp ------------ 1538
Paralopididie .-..-------------+--------5 077+ 562 |
Paralichthys albigutta -------------------- 29
brasiliensis. ---.-.----------- 602
WoentabuS) coves ec se siim=)s et 29, 820
lethostigma .---.------------ 29
Paranthias furcifer ----------------------- 39, 580
Parasalenia gratiosa .-----+--------------- 257, 270 |
Paratractus pisquetus .------------+------ 575 |
Paratrygon strongylopterus ------------- 557
Parche—Cheetodon capistratus.---.------- 48 |
o Isabelita de lo Alto—Chetodon |
Sy boon ePodeecon Seer Ones sous G as 48 |
Pardalotus aflinis..-------------- 294, 295, 296 |
assimilis .. 294, 295, 295, 296 |
key to species of .--.---------- 296 |
melanovephalus..---------- 295, 296 |
notes on species of ...-- Sees 294
OUNACUSI eee cise 294, 295,296
punctatus -.----------------- 295, S96
quadragintus ..---------------- 290 |
MUDD TIC AMES see ae siete alse eter 290
Striatus.t- -)..- emacs awl we 294, 296 |
uropygialis ...-.--------------- 296 |
SanthopyPius -.--.-----. .--- 295, 290 |
695
Page.
Pareques..---------+---2-2 2-97 ter nnn 587
Parexoceetus mesogaster.----------------- 569
Pargo criollo—Lutjanus analis .----------- 42
de lo Alto—-Lutjanus sp.----------- 41
Guachinango—Lutjanus aya-..----- 41
Paride of Japan .---.-------------22-0077" 374
OR COR eee tee eis ae are ciele 134
Paroides --.--c2------ee- seer tere se 382, 387
CAT ATUSt eee enon Semen slisatine ml 382
longicaudus.--------+-------7-+7- 386
PATS eee cee nates eens eraser BIA, 375,376
EOD EE oe pocmcceeeatsammow=minicininier=aie 377, 380
Dritannicus ..-----------)----+ +7277" 201, 377
subsp. (!)2---------=- 375, 377
ALTICE DSc se secant ara acemr as 376
baicalensis .------------------+°° 201, 382, 39+
borealis, 201,375,378, 379, 380, 381,382,394
measurements..------------- 381
brevirostris .----201, 3735, 380, BSH, 382, 394
measurements ...----. S82, 394
britannicus --------------------- 200, 201, 878
castaneiventer .--------------------- 37D
castaneivemtris -------------- 375, 375.650
measurements of..-. G30
caudatus.----------------------- 382, 384, 386
cimereus ---------------- ty Seay eee oT Gee ies
WIDOT Oe se eee e eae ae 376
montanus (?) --------------- 78
Commixtus -----------------<-------" 376
(cyanistes) coernleus .---.----------- 375
dressetliccac= s+ 22 = = a ee 208, 394
fruticeti -2-2----2-+9--------29s""=" SOA, 376
iMSpPeLravUS -4--—- =~ anes oe 376
japonicus .--------- -201, 378, 380, 381, 382, 394
kamtschatkensis ..-------------+----- 381, 382
TNDN OL ee asistencia inn Sia 376
melanotis .----------- -e--00 257-0777 134
meridionalis. -----------+----------°" Bt
minor .---------------°7-7" 375,376, 381
monticolus .--------- ----+-2 +9077 7-777 376
insperatus.-------- ----- vt
Tipalensis) 228 ese sae eae ie 376
minor .--.---------------- 376
palustris. ----- 200, OH, 378, 379, 380, 381, 394
brevirostris ------------ 380, 381
dresseri, new subspecies -. - 200
japonicus -------------- 378, 380, 381
WOlLMocccce ses ene hoes enna 201
perkinensis .---------------77----7 7" 3v7
pendulinus..-------++-++-5-200097" . -3882, 387
TUDICUSi cet es scene eRe area 375
SON PALUS ee easel oem inc costal 394
synopsis of Japanese.--------------- 375
trivingatus..------------2-25 02708 384
TUL See cee ce aie cmeiminm nine cine 37D
measurements Of...----------- 6590
avVOllwebellicceteeseenece== asec £35
Passerculus alaudinus.-------------7r577" 145
Passorina CiTis.---.----------- 27950707777 142
CYBNOA .-------- 22 eee e eon 142
leclancheri .-.----------------"- 142
versicolar .------------29"9°°""* 142
Pastinaca humboldti?.---.-------++-+77"7> 557
Patao—Gerres brasilianus.---------------* 44
plumieri .--.---------+---"" 44
696
Page.
Pato boludo de cabeza café.....-...--..--. 174
DEGRA ARE Sse sees erSego- 174
SP OMONOMNO! se sin cots cece os nen ae ee 174
pardo de grupo .----- a sia re vee te sire 173
GEOL D ieee mio ote miata alaleaw a wales eee 17
zambulidor de picoarzul...... Seee ge 174
AGIA (ALCON AGH «ewes cine c eeincten ee bioae near 461
POUT ANG eee eee aemeie ae olen sieieienete 460
ruderata, var. pauper...-..-------- 217
Paviota—Larus sp.....-.-..------ .-------- 179
Ee aVOnCella PUSNAS. we me a neen ela mea elnieiain 151
IP BASEN Joc riSawce eat eplos sitimmlemen se cemres 296
IBéctun (RIASKENSIS: o= ocak a5 cee esteem -217, 218
Hoskynsi, var. major....-..------- 217
(Neithea) slatigs. 22.005. = .- sie mais on 250
(Propeamusium) alaskensis-.--.---- Siz
PUSTULOSYS pesos eee coe ase oe 217
PPSGrGle AMATO became ste ninsepmetate ae oie ste 170
—— BOUCHE SAD sina teste aeeie ee 170
CENMaCAL Y= vseec ce eeeeseceeene 170
Pegareborda—Lanius sp..----....-.-.------ 138
MOU CAM ests Waee oe Ue mesccn cet wec ae eaminans 63)
Pelecanidz of Grenada.....-......--.5..--- 63
Of. Me@XiC0.- 2526 scceecee eee 169
elpcano: MCALtAZ= oAsstaeenciacm—o ke Seaeee 169
Pelecanus AQULLUS=.- 2s een meen odoeee 169
TUSCUS wsecienisannemicescne races O Gas
Hellons bleskeriana {.c-csacccn se enectelee 561
HAVIPINNI Ss. Loo eee cee etaeae es 56)
PINOT .aac caisnee wae cbiceca oes asec 577
of Havana cencas cen wececercets 38
Pempheris chomburghi .-...-..--.-....4.- 577
THONG A Sate elem lee eee 38
mullenl ces eons denies beneeel = 38, 577
MOOV cemeeita = tacos cele iat a cin 38, 577
schomburpkd - osc saccade oteu ee. 38
HONODNUS sasmiee te Leute nase Gedanin sear 387
Penelope poliocephala.-.....0..-2s.cc5c5s- 175
purpuracens.......-.- Sinbime Seles 175
Pensacola fishes, notes on....--..........- 225
Pentanemus quingarius...............-... 572
PENtHEStES 10622! ewes ema a eciee e ces 374
Pepe de cola amarilla—Ostinops sp......-. 149
Pepe—Psilorhinus sp. --..5----..--2-..--.- 153
Perce Stuiata? Rios cel ast anlsenomerooemdon 584
LUTTE CAl fo aicacioe = aeaisetatarsisilnee eich aer 468
HOICING }CAPLOMES =< o04esee wee eecec ses 5, 8, 13, 21
POUL UIS eeeyetc aes ccicee nce tem oeee nem econ 625
MeTIAAter LMICOlA 3. eo2c- 2 ce eeseuleds asee 292
Wernco—Comurus Spsosescoasese emeece 163
Phricrocotus cantonensis. .-.....-..5.....- 648
CINCTOUSi2s Saas enema mehaee 648, 649 |
measurements of... 656
JAPONICUS 62522 5.snece ese ees 649 |
measurements of... @50 |
tegimaz, measurements of.... 650
new species. .... G48, GAD
IEE REM caro cese bese nseepacaiaree 374, 375, 377
Peristedion brevirostre........-..-.....-.- 596
IMPSLDSs 52! ss caetwachewowsee & 596
longispatbal? = oSecc Secs ate ee 597 -
platycephalum ..........-..... 597
Peristera Cinerea: <2... sa a5= 002 oe ease 175
PEOUORB ao cece ane aay sree Secs 175
Peristethion micronemus.............----- 596
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Peronella décagonalis.........-. aan eta 257, 282
Perro—Botaurus sp .-----...-- haere 170
Colorado—Bodianus rufus..-.....-. 45
—perro-- Lachnolemus maximus. - 45
Perry, Commodore 2. <-1 cena eon ace sae see 407
Pescadora— Botaurus sp.--.-------.------- 170
Pesce Rey—Oxyjulis californicus.......... 65
Pespirria—Polioptila cerulea..-....-..-- : 154
Retalosticha.<o2-22s-ccsssanceeeseee eee 286
Petasophora thalassina..-.........:....-.. 157
Peto—Acanthocybium solandri.....-..--- ae 36
Petrel from Sandwich Islands.-...........- 95
StONMY. - 2 < Hacc scanat cases eee emacs 660
Wilson's: <2.sccecsescsssworeee Ao 632
|-Petrochelidon lunitrons.:.....-----.-ccee-. 139
melanogaster ....-...----.. 139
pyrrhonota =... s<sp.--256 139
Petrocossypus manillensis...-.-.--..-..... 646
Retrometoponec- es cese a= eee ese 581
QDIANUS 4-262 sees nee ae 4 40
4 PU LEADS a omelele eee eee 41
Petromyzon, median fin-folds in...-...-- : 8L
Pez de Pluma, Calamus providens... ..--- 42
Phthonidx of Grenada..-.... od aee ee ee 631
Phasthon aéthereus. -... 22.2.2 -deoeees sete 631
Phainopepla nitens:-..<--2S--5.s2cce-aa ees 13
Phalacrocoracidie of Mexico ...........-.. 169
Phalacrocorax bicristatus ....-.-..----....-. 655
capilatus:.-sssssce ses eceeed 635, 656
CarbO\j 2.252255. chaseseeteene 655
dilophus albociliatus.-.....- 656
‘ cincinatus .-..-.-- 656
MOXICRNUS some eos ee ee 169
DelaPicus) cee tme ace sere 655, 656
“ resplendens .--.-.-. 66
robustus -....-..- 656
penicilatus =. 5- s<conse=sen 656, 657
UVC a= ase wane e eee bytateerns 655, 656
Phalipnal- cess eee sewers 423, 427, 429, 430, 434
GUUACUR\: Some oe eens en eee 416
Pav Gs ene tate omelets feet a ate Ae eee 408
Phalaridiont= ss: ees == eee eee eee eee . 396
IP halariqyWmMnraeeec ate eae elas ie ate ere 396
Phalaropus tricolor. .....-..----.------.--- 178
Phenadpbius mitabilis_..-..<..-...--cccce- 8,15, 17
Pheucticus chrysopeplus .......---.------- 141
Philortys (ascites sce oe > eesee ete es eee 176,177
personatus redescribed....-...-. A776
Phily ponses << = =\-s sees cae oe miee eines ae me 482
lateralis. <<< i-senese.secteeseeee 482
PROCS esses a eee eee eee ee 97
Pholadidea penita.----- -:----.-2.---..-=- 281
Pb OLaS Crisp) aie roars meet ctrsers ie elas ree 218
PROMS giana ese a slea a atlas dale acta fer eee 542
Phormosoma placenta....-..------..-----. 267, 268
ULaNuS..-.-.s..< ais satel asisiet ait 268
PHOXINUS NCOPCUS --- cose ene aes eee ene 4
IPHVENOPICUB ia = ome sioe a Set aos eat 108
Phrynosoma asio .-.....-..-----<..-..-.--. 194
OOUIVI CRT are Sao ra leverage 194
OLbicalare. 12. 2sesee5 a -a=en eee 194
Phtheirichthys lineatus..........-.....--- 572
sphyrzenarum ............- 572
PDMeIs DOTIGMNS = scrcceneren seo eor seme 475, 608
TOPIUS esos ane heme heer pivnusene 29
Page.
BEAMOISCONWIS! arco ats scan teen ee cicnn = ols 322
Bea C AUN eee ae eee eee enece ke ecin 262
ANU TEOMA epee iaste eel oel ela 262
CUO ge eee ae eae iniersiar=r= 297, 262
SUS NUOM soe meee ae ee 262
IMPSrialisiss sess sie ca =< .. 257, 262
Phyllostoma lineatum......-...-...--..-.-- 128
Phyllostomidz of Mexico.........-.- eee 128
Phymatolepis bicarinatus--...-...-----..-. 192
Phymosoma crenulare ..............-...-. 257, 277
Physa kauabensis-..2--0.---5-....2...-...- 253
pleromatis <-------.5- 2... --. ee eetals 253
Physiculus kaupi --.---.- Be eae et ein 601
OV SOPASUCI ee inne see meme meena =~ 231
Paya? CAVANS ~.5- <- -o na enn wen nw ene 162
Rite CNN oe eee eee emesis ele alta 162
BGAM OLIN OS diem atesslae asic sine simi=\o\eini\ainloiomei=(e 153
oR ed ita etree ete eer retaiaiel = elements alate 153
PIODGU poe ese eat oie nisi cine sictaaees 153
CAMICNOL es UPAllc ce enc cen<s- cscs co ecces 101
Picarians of Japan..--.-.- Sere nee iste 101
AGIOS OL SAPAN son nme cee scins ace se enceet 102
MOMIC Om bertte as ae cearoscleae c= 158
PAGAN OLS APAN cnc -c ssc cae se senses ce 102, 164.
PAGO O CANON tae een mean ocr nete se asaees 163
WELOO sod i ceo dencewearecscins 163
PoOrdO—Haltator SP o-oo eee 141
Picoidex Of Japan’ ---<.. 2... 65sec ec see ee 102
TPO ET OUST SB seas) 156
a new species of....-..------=-- 523
rikeri, new species. ...-.---.-.-- a23
AG eA WS teeta ele la lala =e ae el 135
Picuda—Sphyrena picuda .-.....--.-----. 36
PRON SEs 6 aeeedope Meee sacoe ceahccy 108
PRICUS) Heese mericericeacmecsece cee cincc soem ce 108, 123
ANOKEDN ees tcoaacassccece sas 105, 104, 105
PADAHISI eats ecw scies ese oeiae = 109, 110, 112 |
ANUS eee nes ae eee seeateistetsran 105, 106, 107
jessoensis, new subspecies... 106
measurements of .........--. 108
perpallidus’:---<2ces-ceccss6 107
WINIGI-CAMUS) sci sesesea ne oe 106
GOIN eerie ere mee = ee missieae eee 114
COLMIOINUS pease semen ase e es anne 124
BOSE 6 aad e sbccocdnedeoossacassse 160
POLMUG LY OLUS teases eisai ele a 159
Dodie ee nee ee ee eee eat 109
ouldiinsesneee oe eaaee senaee aces 110, 111, 112
guatemalensis ..-.--..-........-... 158
PME eames ears alain eerste alors 405
hearelwi@klie ces Set oeciasicew emesis 120
Hy PebyUNCUS aes me emirate laine 108
LAN OULEES! eased Shen ooccekpseacaes 160
RS OS SS eee clr errs tale aii 117
Japanese species of.......-...-.-.- 104
JA CASH oubadoseasasorssdhes 109
Bf EECCA EMD Tattenhall eter 159
FERGHISE aghdesossoc de ee eee 123
JESSOCHSIS te csaateacias sles 4104, 105, 107
measurements of.......-- 108
VS eerie eet ae ee eee iernials= 102
BSB eee Tete Ont es 120, 123
PE 7/0 ekg ee as lend ee ete ete mtalate care stata 120
Jeuconotus.-----.-- 108, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118
RGILC OLOS pete ictal omelets eater etatet 114
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
697
Page.
Pieneg Mncianiee ce eck ace aeiee ele ace = = 109, 110, 112
ATOR eee eae enlace 108, 109, 110, 112
OSSD“ kestioemscacasese uabesoenc 109
A] AORN estate reset etete lat aie 109, 1-2
TIAN AEN eee aa tae emia eleteraters cla 101
MAL DAS ela eel ee te alate echo 123, 124
MEASULEMONtS OL sea obec eee 108
MECUASt ese eee eee ae anes 108
THINOL ose cee ess sateae eae eee mele = 108, 119
DUD Eee ence ers etal ate ol erart 119
VAT DOLGMISs ee aeeeaieteeeie 119
MOCCSUNS sees eee eee seca ae ae 123
MU Dba eee se eeisat oe ne eee eee eta 521
perpallidusesos ese neem eiee a eee 4105
measurements of.--..--. 108
DileatoMy saseeee eee see ae ese e eee 124
DED EA eee ee See ee eee eet eet 119
MDUDESCCNS es neces aac eelseela teers 108
pulwerolentust see sss=. sess nee 2 123
SHUNGELSIS eee ceases cece eae ene 107
scalaris:: %.).ccece. = secs ee ecineaecees 159
SON OWIR 81S) Soa er sr ossdstsacbeondasacs 159
SCODOMME Saas ec epee octaes eee teres 123
RLS SeRatebostsectasoosescssdc 107
tancolay soe ciel sad besa cette cents 105
TIAUCEYLUS!- coe sem eeclene aise 108
WLALONSIS\es= s<- cece nos ete ees 115, 114
Walt Seen eet actee ac eee amie 159
viridi-canus, measurements of. ....- 108
van igre sees ee aia 52 ee 105, 106
PAGAN tale 2 sieve oe aim oon ia eee ee a sie 120
Pijon—crotophaga sp .---..----.----.----- 162
PST ante eetalete tenia seem asteiateraine tat eeeiate 222
PeTKOVCONMMON ceseteinin se anacesin miaitin sa cence se 340
Fa Ota set seeeie ie oinentene enjsie sins eisiae ese 28
METISCUS\COMMOUUS:----452- sneer sess ae 218
illotiesssces ees ee eens saeeeoeee 238
IBiMeleplenl sees sermeeceeece seems see aaa 585
DOS Uae seme cee eee * 585
AAVOMNEALUS\s eae ese 585
Pimelodus\albidus?.-........:.-..-----.--- 558
Dan DUS ese eneeemie ses eae 559
Cabulus\ans- canes eosso- cece 22
COMMELSONI ase ese ee one 559
RDO SiHassdooasAdeoodedadogossece 598
VAISONI Ee eptcneeiee teeta see 559
Pimelouotustess secre + eee ee cose eenee 559
Pimephales notatus..-....--.....--....-. 2, 7, 11, 20
Pintada—Scomberomorus spp-.-.---.----- 36
Piplo esses ae Sena eva ep eee seers 147
Cana Mina sa ceereaceas canara aceaar 147
CHIGMILYUS Re ee eo een eee 148
complexus, new species ......-...-.. 447
LP Sacebodasoste sosec So Sedoocoscss 148
MUIR GUS esa iaseete sileisiomineisemtee =eeiere £48
MESOLOUCUS ese sseeaeesen eines 148
PNAC EOI Xt eoalesieceatalele aielee oer tule ----147, 148
MTAC CLAUS ee late manic ceiet cise aeicislae 146, 147
OTOSOMUS wee aeinitenaimel elo =) === a laie 147
SUPMACM AUS eee seiieice as es ecto sli 147
new species .--.......-. 4146
LOEGQ 0 UGS Ne mre elena a elatele eles elae= = lalate 148
PAP PICO ler tee sei ee mle i ale aim aiwinln inl ewm 618
PRUS CG LOpee et iet ee cine cteiemistaee calc 617
EOD ak O Urea a'ast(e wicvemre nies [a bale cimreiers 616
698 ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page. Page.
Pipra elegantissima ...--------------..---- 140! | pelatyinins yore. seems sees asco eee 42
CONOM MI ea noses acess sae 382, 383, 384 | Platysamia .....-..------..--- 418, 419, 425, 426, 427
ip PIOUS salcae =e eee oe eer eseee 108 polyommata .........----------- 422
Piranga hepatica... ..<--..ceseseccms-===5- 140 | Plecostomus robini.--...-.---.----.------- 560
lndavioianae: = cists eee eee 140 | Plectropoma melanorhinum.........-..--- 579
PUDEA: 2655, oe ss sac senses eee 140 Witnlinum oo sec.ns-cece eee 579
PRD AN DIS eee soci n wlet sonnei ieee 40 | Plectrypops prospinosus.-....-..--------- 5
Pisidium equilaterale.......--.----------- 218 TOLTOS PUN Geena alee 578
Pispodongphis 2 -o--<---.2ssscsecren sees a 566 | (Pleradis guaraun® <<... 52.2s0603o5s0c55ce= 171 i
guttulatus?...-.. Batic nWeels 566 | Pleuronectes apoda? .......------.--------- 602 —
OCHIBtIS soe sen ase eee 066 APAM ACA.) 5 ceases eeieeseseee 602 Y
Pifangus 'derbianns:;-<-=.+--.%cepevsiercidel 154 Jineatus ?o< cca ps woes seams eee 602
Pito real—Ceophlceus sp ...--..----------- 158 | macrolepidotus.....-..--.--- 602
Placiphorella. = .2u2 cin cscs ness a tae ecsinemece ha papillosus!ts.5- 32526 --b Seco 602
Blainyillines aes ee ena ames 210, 211 plagiusa. «.2cceseseeseeeee een 53 7
WMOPOLCHtA =e aa. sobs co nator QL_W | Pleuronectidte,-: 2s Sse ee ae eee nee 601, 608 é
RINUACA eet Ase ere oe Qin Of HAV AD Bison ese eee 5
stimpsoni......----.. 210,244, 217 | Pleurotoma (Bela) violacea..-..-.--.-..---- 2188
/ Vala oe ak eae See 210, 211 Berupel co 20s eee eee 216,218 —
Placopharynx carinatus .-.-.-------------- 2,7, 48 bicaninata Jo. 2ceeecanasecne=e 2165
Placunanomia macroschisma......-.....-. 217, 218 WINOSH emesis «eee e eee 2169
PlamiOsGion’ sess5 ices ace (sat eee cae: cae 587 VIOLA CODI- cer aicisise on lee eerie 216
PIRAVOUUB sao coe cine ca cweastee ee pene eee sae Bia ine LE fare ee eee 340
Plasencia, Senor Leonel.........--..----- 32, 42,44 | Pliocercus elapoides.-........---..--.---.- 188 i
Plataleidcwe orGrenadanccsseoe cece e eee 627 | Plover, American Golden .....-..........- 627
Of M@xicn.. 2) cose. ica uu 171 Cotton-tt0e...-=..2 ses <upeues peaeae 628
intiolOssus. ccs ecce seas estes asec e bee 57 GTOY ~-<- 206-9 nine ewencinme 27
Plntophryss--5s-ses0220-<5 by shes oe SN 2 52 Ringneck. <is..c<.<cecee bees eee ee 637
elliptious ..-2-.-<-- ase ill oS, COL n| bl ONG Renee ne cee ea ne mee eee 332
Jonatus<2-<2452-2-* jee EOS COL, | bluviall dorado. noe ec cena ee ene 178
MACHOL cose oA eee ae 601) |) Pneumatophorus!.-- ==. scsee eee eee 574
maGiliferus!=c.<c2 2 cee eet one 52 | Podiceps californicus..-... Jaslene aeeneee 179
MODUWLALISi ce = se hee saewsece ee 52, 608 | hol beellit #22 ee aes en = eee 633
OCelAUS= acest ee noe souseran ce 601 holbolli. - <2. -oeee eisetlone ee 633
SpPinOsuss-= 2 sscees eee eee GOL occidentalis: :22< csc 4-esee meer 179
Platycepnalidea: ce seecece Sao seen sna 597 | Podicipitide of Grenada .............--.-- 633
Platycephalus angustus.--...........-....- 597 Moxico.-3.426-8sota eee 179
@omitshoreincsse-o52 osceee 482 | Podilymbus podiceps.-.-....-..--.-.-.--.- 180, 63°
IRISH OLOSBHE: 3c. cleo estenietee 2G; 57, 65, 66,'67,.69 ||, bodocidaris'--2 45-1. ap eee eee 264
analysis of species of .....--. 58 Soul ptal. so: seco eaaee goer ges 264
bifasciatum ...... olive bee ae des 590) || (Pecilac-_ Reece cee eee e nee 374
bivittatus . ..28, 45, 59, 60, 63,65, | Poecile ..........-..-.-.---..2-------------374, 378
69)70;'540) 590) | PB weilitins-c2-nanclocecec-heacere eset eee 374
caudalis. 45, 39, 60, 64, 69, 70, 541, 590 brevirostris)? is... encase eee 381
crotaphus :2-2sscse2 -eneeee eek 64 GomiNicensis -..- see eee eee 564
eyanostigma: <2 --s.ease eee 59, 60 melanogaster <7--uesteesa= eee 564
CINGLUSzoece =e ose eae eals 541 MANOVIN W ateal eee el eee 564
defined) ceed. ccectae eee eae 57 Vittata 65 te.ccnecke sp pecan oe 564
dimidiatus...45, 58, 61, 62, 69, 70, 590 vivipara. -... Sale ss Seiten es eee 564
GISpiUs soe eee ee eee 39, GA, 69, 70 Pwcilichthys asprigenis oleae a oa eee 5 16
HOLGSIIS Sac aet Geeta 63, 64,70 | Nl ORSUG ar. se see eee 16
garnoti -.-.. 45, 58, GH, 69, 70, 541, 590 Palisiniss sso 525-5 eoee eee 9, 19, 13
Sees chcauie Soma eer eae s 63 punctolatus)23--2escuseaceae 9
NEMOLalis so seis ee eee ee 63 AWA a2. ees ees oes 16
interMasal us... 2sssese-s2 5 e8 61 |) Bwcilophissce--cse= eee eee eee eee eee eee 565
maculipinna. ...28, 38, 62, 69, 70,590 | Poey, Prof. F...31, 33, 34, 38, 43, 44, 46, 53, 55, 68, 246
MMPNOISL | 55.5 own wee ea 58,61, 69,70 | . BSKCUCH Of ee cees= eee 31, 32
Opalinus --- Jess seee nee eeeoe 60 Pfogonias CHTOMIS. J ees'cee een eae = Sete 28
DIGS. ca'aan co ep ee ee 64:65) (Polkilis). soo: sainacemee cele ae eee cee 374
POCViiss cin sas fe eee yaaa ene 64,70 | Polioptila ceernlea..ccs0s-oss-e esses seeee 134
PUNCIIS s/s cae soso eee se a Polyborus cher way. <2. 22s. eee see eee 168
radiatus.45, 58, 59, 63, 65, 69, 70,590 | Polycentrida................---..--------- 588
PUDURS seewe= coe sesee pees . z Polycentras'tricolor....----. 36. ececccenoe 588
semicinctus. ............ 3S, 60, 69,70 | Polydactylus plumieri.........-...-..----- 572
Platyinins macrophthalmus ............... 535: | sPolymixia low Olesen 5.2 scme sas ceeeecneace 577
Polynemide.....-...----.----------------- 572
OMe van ase a= o)=[saa4 <sisette 36
Polynemus oligodon.....--.-.------------- 572
MAC PUNT CHS esate a ienieiatem ln l= [tes 36, 572
Pomacanthus arcuatus.........-.--------- 594
MULES =< cineu cee ete cides scl 48, 594
NMaAGeNthide -..--- -acn\sicisaseecesm sss -- 092,007
Pomacentrus analis ?.......-....---------- 592
atrocyaneuS..---.-.--.------ 592
Cad alisass saciseenicesaac-ni-- 229, 592
denegatus-.--....-..-------- 593
dorsopunicans .-.--.---.---- 592
PUES CLS etal eee etal lela 592
leucostictus ........-.-.-.-- 592
ETL WSU ERS eee eee tate aro 592
OUSCGULAGHS sa seeiree eee Ria 592
OLOPNOLUSseemeeie seas sae a 592
TSS et elen alasireis =m leell=i- 592
PlANVUELONS se sees elitism 592
MECN TM eae eee nn sae 592
SANGO S eset ee eis ae 592
Pomadasys approximans ? .-.-.-------.--- 583
RGU CALC teem ee esa ae emeine ina 583
$ RLOGO sesame teases 583
CHighiterse= saree eae sen emen ee 583
LOCUM CLUS Sater sae sia seme 583
MARI enSiStseseaes > aa ee reese 583
ean abOMmid se ee ae sas sae es leea aa =e == 576
Pomatomius SalbabrixX..-- 2. -e6m. ===. 2—c=- 27, 576
Gi MOSG HIS hss see = sien ai emo alin 487
Pomatostegus stellatus -.......----.------ oo
Pomoxys annularis---..--....--..---..---- 10
SpalOlles sesamiae ee eeecce a= 14, 464
Pompano. .-...--------------------+-+--++--- 531
=—Pontius pollux ?! ......--... ffs uma ates 596
WY Poocetes gramineus confinis......-------- 142
Pooccetes gramineus var. confinis..-..---- 142
IPGOSpiZa OlLVACCS: -~ =~ ome saa ~ mene nema 140
Porcupine, Yellow-haired.-...-..---.----- 222
Porichthys plectrodon ...-....-..--.---.-- 598
POrosissimus.....---.--...-... 229, 598
IPGLOciUalIs eee sea -eeearees aaah om 262
SHaIMeMer eaceeee see sence aaa 262
OTe rAgmS MNES \= es icsiacecie cn = =lel=\n'maem i= = 600
LW DIPS sans agoneco nance ssbeseoesesoce 487
Portugués—Pitangus sp ..-....-.-..------ 154
SENG Zan hee eee ae eee iene nee oe 395, 396
lM ere seas Seo eseeccscsoenseE 396, 397
CALTON os sac = Secen3s scloe rece ke 177, G29
erythrothorax ....-...--. 396, 398, 399, 401
_™measurements.... 399
ES LEIS LO Bis etapa ote terete Celestia iol = === 401
AUS CAitcs cemeismetleeisee cine c estes 398, 399
measurements. ...--------- 399
intermedia...-........ Peer raeies< 396
Japanese species of .-.....------- 396
TT Ce Be oes Siptiaieioerae ata i= lie( 398, 400
NOVGHOLACENSIS) ~~~ 6. sang ences 401
PUAN oN ea le alee lm aaa lanl 397
Ebi MEAS cess oncuasee 396, 399, 400
PY GML oon = an wel ena nn = ann 396, 397
rubiginosa...-.-- sets ae aeeeneianeis 398
undulata..-.-------.----- 396, 397, 404
ea bamOnrndy his eae= eases ene ere 339, 599
guianensis Sots eeatae! 339,361, 530
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
699
Page.
Potamorrhaphis scolopacina ..------.----- 361
species of.----- fae ete ee eres 339
HAST UE Poehler fee laiel ial tinea 359
Potamotrygon........--.-----------------» 557
Potean River fishes taken...-.-..--.-.----- 1,6
Poule d’Eau (Fulica sp.) ----------------- 629
IPOUPtAIE R120 ee seen ener a ae a laa le mettle 287
Pourtalesia Jefireysi...-.. ....--.-.-ece--- 287
IPTEStODG Ocal Vil see = aoe itso aise tai ania aiadeeiniai = 248, 249
IPriancanthidse) ss. --s--\--seeaaene elem -al 582
Gn lebinehit! = ees nessecraos 41
Priacanthus arenatus.-.....-.---......--- 582
Catalutas.eas eres osiceeee cee 41, 582
GCepidianus| =. -4. a5 eee 582
CLUCN Ua TUS ees sales eiaeme ial olla = 582
J macrophthalmus ....-..------ 41
IPrigne Can Cell tias see alenemvaleieisesie sa ane 213
/ Caneel ato ss amen cracls sine 213
OLED ONENSIS casas sesteeeee onesie 213
Primavera café—Merlua sp .--.------------ 132
chivillo—Merula sp..--..--.-.---- 132
—Merula grayi.--------....--.- 132
—Ridgwayia sp.......--.---.-. 131
IPTIONIDOS | CSOLULICOPS ace a\eieseseeeea\esasiaels 160
IP rOnNOdes saa eae seas eee sae sae ainetone 579
IE TION Od ON GU GUL ee es acetates seeeeie 556
IE TIONO LU Ss seen es ae eaniela netstat 50, 229, 327
alathSeea === ania 327, $28, $32, 338
analysis of specios of...---.-.... 327
ir OStrahilS oes aioys ss eites 332,337,338
CATOLMDUS) nee serene i= 328, 333, 338
evolans..--- 327, 331, 335, S36, 338, 545
Var. lineatuss-s---5 cose 335
NOLPeNS) sacs aSs—- 331, 336, 337, 338
japonicus.---...---.---..- ode, 337, 338
DE BiG Sera erate heteeta ele aia iel atte etl ote 335
MUS? Noe alesse weer 35h, 336, 338
ophryas. 228, 229, 3:30, 334, 338, 608
Dal pesos seco ease ica sa 333
Tab HS ees alee eee ete 333, 335, 338
punctatus, 50, 328, 33:2, 333, 334, 338, 597
type of .-.........d44, 545
LGHMEN COL SogeadoeSecsenemsandace 327
TSU Ba dogossdeuuSscoceEcos* 608 -
NOw SPecies\--2----5--0 208 AZO
PUPOJa = oeerae sisi 330, 332, 334, 338, 597
NOW LAIN senere sets sae 50
SARE MOT see eitas ieee ace east 336, 338
scitulus - ..28, 50, 329, 333, 338, 470, 471
stearnsi... 228, 229, 330, 335, 338, 608
stephanophyrs ----.----- 329, 33A, 338
Stricatas .2-s62.-4. 331, 333, 336, 338
tribulus ... 28, 22S, $3L, 332, 333, 336,
337, 398
rishi ces eee ee ease sete eas a eleraleoi eee cle 556
Pristigaster cayanus --------.2/----. +... --. 561
THAR ae enone eee ai 561
PhO seem eerie sate isieeiasiays 561
Pristipoma auratum ? ......-..--..-------- 584
melanopterum.......--.------- 584
TOHGUUS Heetecicntate i=tta\salaametei=t 583
IP TIShis ACULILOSULIS to cmelenae cals emcee == 556
pectinatus ....2...-----.----.< 5---- 26, 556
perrotteti .-........---------------- 556
Procellaria meridionalis.......------.-.--- 95,96
700
Procellariidz of Grenada ...-.-.-.-.------- 632
PerOCRINGE eee ee tes as cee eee eo ates 482
Procyonidss Of MexiGO s.= <5 4)- a2 sane neme 128
Prognathodes oculeatus.-.......----.----.- 593
PrOLNE CHa) VCS sass = >< ee was erat eel 139
CLUMIMIGENSIB) so. -se eset cee eae Giz
TENG OP ASUOL Ko = ne eines ie aeternreer 1389
Promécocephales-. sce .c-0ecence earass iat 242
Bromecocephalus!+2.-\.-~<scee==sn enema 231, 233
Prometheus atlanticus .............--...-. 573
PTOMICTOPS |\PNASN=~ 22> o< center e moe ee 40
TURAL Aetna halcawae eeiaeatsrnares 40, 580
eTOMDICTOPLGLUS ton -a= ame ne ae ane cee sel 521
PVONOCOOVAMINGS on oe net ecient ate nea 475
multifasciatus .......--. 475
WEVANOS o00e 255 5ceeeee ne 474, 607
Prospinus chloropterns ...--..----------.- 40
Protula alba, new species. ----.----..--.-. 549
piniGy ake Ey eRe aapsr eras enesReobnc 548
GIOMEO CIDE oe aoa anes eee erento 550
new species .-----..-..- dAF
MOC sane cheese eee eee eaenee 548, 549
Pryer, 1
Psaltriparus melanotis -----..2.---.2.....6 54
Psaltrites helviventris: ----..2.----+-sec-5~ 134
MOGELANOUIA sos eee sees eae eee 134
POMS a alee eee ee ees e as ser 134
Psarocolius #NGUs. <--> tose2s=<-- 32--s=-- - 151
cyanocephalus -......-........ 152
mubernators---scances sss scas== 152
: MUGEN seve nase nies aeioacesice 150
DUSUMIAUNA sees aanoncerere mee 150
WEGNER haeisoseamaseea ce see oestonaee eee csus 468
PI AVANIGHS: seo ciste es sams sac meee atc 577
SST O UES ele eet eee etter 577
PENI oocc0s ase eeee Sane acer cee oe 577
Pseudeboletia indiana, -.c.ccece--5 nec e ese 4 276
Pseudonazis:.a<cc2scs-ccecees bee eeie ce eee 415
PROMO OULS oe oer crete inines See 36, 65, 6G, 69
PITALOL: avec concse psec ase esas s 66
MOCGSLNS!- = --.5=~-eo=ss=cercet 65
nNotospillus~ -2--esse- se neae 66, 69, 70
Pseudopriacanthus altus...---------...--- 582
Pseudorhombus vorax -os-c2--2-s--=c- en 602
Pseudoscarasin 2 o-oo---n-50 cease eeee ees 470, 542, 591
DVACRNOR tant owen seen n= 592
COIUlGWS 2 hi. ccscessceheeee 48
Giademai.- s=--:-5osiee rs 47
lineolatws'..-2<2-ce-cnceeees 47, 591
MNCHAIS! soe seceeseeeeee ss 48
ODUUSUS scsccnicsecseseee cee 48
MSUEACUHS S32 <>) Seana ea 47, 591
sancte Craosis=-o=---s--sce6 47, 591
PAI ONOUGC. ccc <<< soe s nce east SS eee 245
IPRTONOUNS ee meee aes aa see 229, 242, 244, 245
GAGHACINCLUS +: --cemsescamee eee 246, 247
punctatissimus.......-........ 246
TOSULALUS Sesees aaa ne- eee 246-
WAvorhinug Moris ~4-- cence eens ee eee 153
Psittacide ot Mexico.=-<.. 4.52.22 s)ce ses 163
Paittacwla tinegl a. 3. <5 ei ccieas cocecee coos 94
hRettacns aAutwMmMoglis 22... ..---- awed ee 163
Pterengraulis otherinoides .............-. 562
Pteria (Oxytoma) erecta -.........-.....-.- 252
Pteroglossus prasinus.......-..........--- 163
ea lotta ete 116, 642 |
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Pteroglossus torquatus ............-.<..<- 163
Pterophrynoides histrio..-......-......-.- 603
Preroplates ‘maclhira:.~22.csecasmeeoasccse 26, 558
Pteropoda from: Tarner:<2--2--2-25-+-5see 203
Ptiliogonys cinereus - 222 ites..6chacscccets 139
Philogonys cinereuas.-.-5-scaee- coe eeedeee 139
Ptychoramphus aleuticus................- 656
Ptychostomus albidus -.-....-........---- 18
Pndding-wite 222-006 see sane aneecscses 60
Platyglossus radiatus .---.- 59
Pudiano verde :2-5.-2--.- SST See eae cane 59, 60
Puffers, American species of........-...-. 230
Puiiinus Carmeipes 2-2 sesaccce essen erent 655, 656
CINCLEUS =----s-- Ran ote Renae 656
CLEatOpUS sees see alae amet eee 656
POD OR Smeece-eboeteostecte aocelae 656
PINCUS lo oes cioeas= sina sae eee 655, 656
lencomelas: .sc.sacncosecee eee nee 655, 656
tONMITOSELINY 2 Sacccoue ene eee. 655, 636
Pulmonata from Labrador..-.-..........-.- 202
Papa ‘borealis: s220o2Leco-mensesee eee eee 203
Q€COLR. a2 2+ ~ nseeteecsece osee ee eceeeee 203
Opp -cs-esceeeec esas ree 203
Pupilla arctica. 222 25-.ccsses sce cceeene eee 217
@ecora:- 2-5 asc eee ke eee eee 217
Porpnra crispata. <2. - teccaseckeeces oeaase 215
Frey emettl,.2:i<2.sencaccessese ae 215
lapilus se. 2-0: Soesseere scot eee ee 215
Limo se cece ceteaoseeateatene 215, 218
_Pusa erroneously applied. --........-...--- 62
STONCISGUaINIS 222) see aoe eee 63
TACIOtD << 6-25. cnema cee someeeesee eee 2
Potnai WoW ose ese ee eee eee 3, 508
Putorius brasiliensis frenatus...........-- 129
OLMINGA 2-4-5 eee nears ee eee 221
s (Gale) brasiliensis frenatus.....- 129
VISOD 3 522 cS cae oe aside aaecata menos 221
Puxacua—Antrostomus sp .......-----.--. 158
—* Nyetidromus'sp: <2: ocse.cce ae 158
Pyranc@ cOStlv aco. cs 5s onan eee eee 140
hepatica. .2ss. sncset ee esse eeaat 140
ludoviciana::--~------e-e-o== ne 140
Pyrgisomp PUbTiCabwiM > +-sssaens eee eee ees 148 jt
Pyrocephalus mexicanus.........-.------- 154/
rubineus mexicanus ...----- 154
var. mexicanus...-. 154
Pyrodesus, diagnosis of species of.-.-.---.-- 92
prenadensis s222so2a- sea cates 93
OLSSON lees sae wasideoe 93
new species....--..--- 92
orenocensis’: 8. is<cco0 52. eee 92,93
mascni.-.......- WE 93
SCULRLUS <2 22522 252=c0 dae see 92,93
Pyrolofasns: =: .5-\2-2- 0m. c= ceeee~ ceceniet = 304
Pythonichthys sanguineus....---...-.--..-- 565
» Q.
Quadrina .:....... BE Sige ae 414, 415
Quassilabia lacera----. 2262. so. cmaeme ene 2
Quauhgalitto—Cyanocitta sp......-..-.--- 152
Q@uebranta huesos!-—.--u ceenscees scorns 168
Quejoso—Saltator sp ............---..-.-- 141
Quenmand fyrans oe o- ceases arene 27, 607
Querquedula circia.....-...0...22.52-. 2205 655
OGTEGCaje-cacas--— sees sea a= 655
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
G@uerquedula falcata ..-:.-...-.-..-...---- 655
. TON OS Bie eee eee 655
querquedula ns cnpe- sare sine 655
Quexque azul—Xanthoura sp.-----.------ 158
Quexquex—Cyanocorax sp.--...---------- 153 |
Giniscalus uminosus .-...--......--------- 685
macrourus.......---- 152
R.
Rabirubia de lo Alto—Paranthias sp..---- 39
Genizara—Clepticus genizara -- 45
—Ocyurus cbrysurus -...-..---. 42
Aah verotessOLe ssc een oc aa awake aia 399
AMESQUCS Oasease = =a e952) iim B39, 34AO, 356
Boodle ase aitenisicsal=nmys)=(ainia e's sinin sl 557
SENG Seve eter cia ate se oe neh coe ete sere 537
ot Master Wivter = 2-2 ---s6s- 2-225. 402
Rails, Japanese Water......-..--..-.-.--. 403
ieee ee rately irene cto ase 395
Rass OMG TON ACH enna \s csi cinieiajne iol nc 629
eI et eu eee sta alee a aint sialon 395
MIGSICO sea isisiges <i <isisl- sresinisio ee 177
Rallina ervthrothorax.-:.......----.s....-- 400
ELS Cob eeets wats ese ee se eita eee aa ans 399
aya ie eee ere eee eee melee 400
ESAT GO Stapeteee see os tamisiniaacieietciemioin stesso ye 396
eneb ila a etapa Seer aot n cleo nts sel syaia is ale oral wiey= 395, 40:2
SCRERSED LCOS ee staan atnlnles = ltaletniatatere lel 402, 408
DAP OMICUS eee arta ae 402
2 TD C18 GUL Ste ete a are eft ate = 402
measurements of ..-.-.--- 404
banllonies-2.--2-= Mee ea = iain S 396
CALOUNUS se eee eee = aimee a= 177
elegans tenuirostris .-...--.-------- 177
var. tenuirostris. --------- : 177
ANECUS = socom sm assne=sealoces se 398
Ulan See aoe as ecinenie i=in 402
measurements of ..-..------ 364
TEMALKS OMe seers. 362, 364
INCRE Spe eels ielaersis sin seleisis 363, 402, 403
measurements Of...--.------ AO4
INLOLM CO 1NS ama saa easa epics cai: 396, 397
ROM TS ener le es aileiciarmiatai= nr eleiale 402, 403
DY iy Retest tetera eee eet are olelay ols ita ia 402
measurements Of........-.-.-- 364
new species -...---.. 3602, 265, 364
TMUNMUUS eer e eerie aaeisisenels 396, 397
PUG OSE See etntetet ie eicl eea(ate sincer 397
Pay = senate RR eee iaiats sacle slats 400
MeCvonalisteere seas eam ease ale sei 402
PINGS DICUILUS ae tise ae myainiaaiatnie lcm sin/= =< 405
USTUMS sae aie seal asisicin ee 396, 397
MUNGSCONS cs /-ee e te eemiee cia aimee = 404
SULUNUUS to eeaierste oleate ra 5 mjerer 398, £002
measurements of......--... 364
TeEMAaEkS ON-s-=-A sees 362, 564
sumatranus? ......... Deere ntaeeae ete 405
iRamier (columba'sp:) <<.-.------«.-------= 624
Ramphastide of Mexico ..----..-.-.-.---- 163
Ramphastos carinatus .......--......----- 163
LOL QUADS ooo ac mieeisiiete mie te 163}
UREN N NENG eee gog sosseo a senseos oe cdstine 339
SV TN EAT AS tetas = eit enn atest ele 340
ease y. ikty Gist W. 2= mans == ean cloemcee 200
Ward awisac ecient sinatra tis min 2 == 406
| Rhomboidichthys
. Page.
Rana halecina.......-... ace wim en aiee Ne 197
moo OWL HAS Penis (ole nie clclaietaimtnia mee niele (ee sis 198
—Lithodytes sp:-.--...-.-..---.-+.- 197
MAUNA eet cisesteacia see er niaenies oe 198
RAM ANS Dyess see eeiae nieieis siete fate ieya as 197
—=SINIUISCaISP seve lasnniaisinei- seit isins 199
Rangifer tarandus caribou ......-..-.-....- 224
Ramid Of NMexiCOjecmeate ic sci neat s sams 197
RAMA EW at SD ys eels ats opatoce aielajme nimi sy 198
FRAT AAT ate Nese sores are elie eens a 238-
Ranzaniastrancatar. <2. s)-6s sere aa 606
Rascacio—Scorpwna plumieri .......----.- 50
RAS Conde aR Uae ose eee ae eeeacmaee 177
Rathbun, Richard, Echini catalogued by-. 255
papers of......- 258
on parasitic copepoda. 310
Raton viejo—Artibeus sp ...-------------- 128
—Molussus, sp.......---.----- 127
—Vampyrops sp.--.-.--.------.- 128
Ran Dry Charles) soc -locies cepseieisinje meee 450
Rays achinotrichia: Ofc anccaea--sceaueeoss 78
TAT Oa toa aeislece eis aay aise 78
ULZOLs DI ieee eee aac enlaces ce ecissae cee 658
Red Grouper, fishes found in...........-.. 466
IRedvRivertishes:takens..ces\aecescaeences 1s
VEO SNA p per asec = -\-casesiaacmie ace cetera ae 534
hshesifound ines sasesee eae 466
Red StARbe sais ose ts ea eenisite seeks canes 611
VEC DING se. shes « ccecistsay cos war siemens 616
MRC OVO ya iate eects ae lsiaca aia otercie alee meminsic eects 213
Regal GCid so mem crease en asiaa helenae els 573
Regalecusi@ladins:<- --02-- 5.12 4-2-\sc155-2 573
tegerhinus uncinatus.-.-....-.- ayeinsya aerate G22
iReculusicalendulla 22-2... .sco-ese-=- von=a1 133
RROUNIZ Als aaa tea cues cases aactec acme iase 37A, 387
CONnSODRIN Gc easaee ee eaae sae eoe 387, 389
measurements of......-- 389
pendulinays3 255-5452 55) ssese see 388, 389
VE MOLA) TOMIOTA) oe anos eo ceiticig ace eae eae 27, 572
NNCNICEDS\-oe yee ence oats eci alee eee 556
tiburolss 2s hysee ese eeek woke 32
Reptiles of Mexico). - hse ae% aes ie 182
index to genera of...-... 199
Retardation in species-making .-..--..-.--- 78
, of development. ..-.--.---.--- 79, 80
Rhabdosma longiceps, new species. --.---- is9
MULlCOLGUeS eee ssseeseee eee 189
Ssemidoliatoumss--seere-- esse 189
whadin wa decorates a= es eer seams 188
PEG NN tata tetetoke tte eee ee ate ate either restora slta 559
Rhinechisideppetesecs=sseiaiso- ries) sae a= 186
AUNING AGC OM eee See eeae iis eeiate = 557
Rhinobatus spinosus-......-.....-----.-.- 557
bino berry CHLYSCUS en =,- so = == w= e 39, 578
RUNING SODIUMS eae = cas seme mee Gees =e emer 499, 595
bacculentns?-o-4 seeeeeeee 49, 501, 543
CONTTACHIS Ts ssecreoaace ese 49, 501
STS ee eee 499
Rhinoptera encenadz, new species.-.-...-. 220
NEWISPECIOS Obs sce esi see cea 20
DOMOeONteer eee sa eeacecs eae 220
Rhombochirus osteochir .....---.--.------ 572
tetrapturorum .--...------- 572
Rhomboida alepidota argentea .--...---.-- 37
102
Page.
Rhomboplites atirorttbens...........---.-- 42, 583
PIOEANS sc eos esee seen eae . 42
TREAD EN US er nei meseise elas oto Sioa walnibi eaten taleiet ors 576
BEAMIACW ease ohana a oe ace eee ne 602
Rhynchonella psittacea .......-........... 208 _
Rhynchopygus pacificus ..............-.-- 287
TRH YR ONOLEN eee cis <n oo even see eno ae nite 243
PRPNOMOPUIS hn saeno nee eee cms seein 243, 245
MOEN OICIO es Leal. ce =e ce ccae mere beaten oee 581
OLHavaiasses teas etcseccas sole 41
Rhypticus arenatus....-....-----5.25-.-6: 581
DIshwIspmMuse sesen-o- eee eee 581
MECUIALUS:=- see cens secu eee er 581
nigromaculatus...--.--------.- 581
PLUMLHOSHS seem cee wcts ee ne eee 581
BAPONACSUB= ct ~ suieejacnlains Gee bewe 41, 581
Richards, Sir George Henry..-.-.-...--..--- 124
RIGHREGSONe-- cae nanan ece aes sees ee seers 246
MIGINUS Seaesistee ssc veces, ces cleseme sew amenle 417
Ridgwayia pinicola.-.........----. Be emetet 138
Ridgway, Robert. 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 144,
145, 146, 147, 148, 151, 153, 155,
158, 159, 162, 164, 165, 173, 177
on new Amphispiza...-. £45 |
Xstrelata sandwich-
OnsigGecss 2 heNecweee 95
amelanistic Buteo.... 248
hybrid Dryobates.... S28
Mexican birds...-... -- 130
New bids ssse ses n 92
Cyclorbis_.--..-.. 519
Myiarchus..-.-.-.-- 520
Picolaptes...-... 523
oyster-catcher -....-- 225
Riker, C. B., bird named for............-.-- 23
EGU Cra een et are aienle eaiatatet tel ote eee tee 417, 423
PEGE ES Os See ots alape lalate let ste inital = rt meee loin era 121
WW arisoce tase ad te sdcaser see oe aes 388
InP — ONZE) es ase aalec ananassae eee 365, 368
Sl pinete ee. ceo ek saa eae 367
NOTENEUEs =... eee. en ee 367
ad SETS LD etal ete ates cies materi ee ee 365-
Ling —Thrushes, European.....-....--.--- 372, 373
Rio Blanco tishes taken.......-.........-- 21
tio Colorado fishes taken.............---- 20
Rio Comal fishes taken. ........-..-..-.--- 1, 23
Rio Lampasas fishes taken.........--..--. 17
Mo ueon fishes takenees a. csc seven see sae 18
Rio San Marcos fishes taken.............- ot
IRISHS, DIGVITORGTISS. cee ooca a. ateeser ee 656, 658 ©
tridactyla pollicaris........:-......- 655, 656
RASsOa ArChGa 22 Bons stee decom ces eeteees 306
CAStANCA oes seine = ae eee eee 307
(Paludinella) saxatilis. ..........-.. 306
PIOKIMIB cose snare e nee ace eean ana 307
Striated Soele een ee aera bee 307 |
BISSOIG seen os. = aiat e Rese eeuanaceeeee 305
ihivulusi¢ylindraceus..-.--.2 022.2. 2-2-.sce 564
ClO LANE Ne aco otic oe ne wales eee 564
TNATMGUSUUS acs owes seen eee 564
WUOCTOPUA cs <oy nino cows oe eeeaee 564 |
OMAR eke esc coe ccc sancaseete 527
Robélo—Centropomus undecimalis..-..... 39
LOCCUS CHYYAGDS oe ansc ccmas Jo aoe see cose 12,14
JINGAUMS tse ew cee oct cen someon eee 465
Page.
Roccus saxatilis ..... ay wane a ele pe ere 465
septentrionalis .....--. Sos ae ateees 465—
Rock Bass—Roceus chrysops.....--------- 14
Rock-sculptures of boats ..-.-.:.:.---.- ~-444, 445
Rodriguez, Sefior José .............-...--- 32
Le ROOMOES Rea cerl ac ce actece estat cece 83
on falgurites 2-22. -c2-----5-5e- 91
Ronco Amarilla—Hemulon sciurus..-.--. 42
blanco—Heemulon acutum .--..--.- 42
Carbonero—Hemulon careonarium. 42
Condenado—Heemulon flavolinea-
GUN Foc cae ae nl esters ee ee eeaear emirate 42
Ronco—Hemulon plumieri-.-.-..--. 4s
Rose, G., on fulourites vis... ss2-22 esse ee 91
Rotula Auposties ee ~ 32 eoeee ee oe cues 285
MILD PI acs oneal cea ee eee eas 257
Bowlock fiewretl <2 cescees ss cae eee 444
of Northland boats.-.........-- 443
Rubio wolador:.--<cesesceee eee Rees 50, 334, 545
“Rudiments A6hned.- san 2 cacao 80
Rupiscartes atlanticus........--.. gene ee 599
i Cecoratus 3s .4 bs o-seaaenee 599
margaritaceus .....--- eos 599
: NIGTICANS 225-52 s< sess es 599
Rupornis magnirostris griseocauda ....... 167
RIEDDELS AS scseas ences aces seer rene 57
‘Russian cat’’—Leptops olivaris ...---..-.. 14
Rutloy, BF efct ot ce ese cere sesso eee 83
on falgurites) = ose5- s<=<<eee ses" 91
UVSbtUs Prebviosus i... 2-42-25 se seen eae 573
prometheus ...>.2-- 2-5. -s2cn-s56 573
Ryder, John A., on fin-rays of fishes...--- 71
Ry ehy Or: soscccsec nance eee ee ee eee 454
Ss.
Sabalo—Megalops atlanticus ......-....-. 33
Sabine River, fishes taken............-..-- 1215
SACCOSLOMIA, - 0.2 -coee eae heme cee rae eee 509, 510
PnlOsSNM! 2220-22 s= sense eeneseee 510
Santer On LOleUrile nn << 52S oes eee eee 91
Salamandra Terie <2 ~ 2 ese n- ons aaeempce 199
Salamandride of Mexico.......-.......--. 199
Salarias VOMmennus..-¢----249s5e—=05 2 see ee 599
Salariichthys textilis-.--..---.-.-.-. 2 599
Salema—Diplodus unimaculatus .....-..-- 43
| Salenia. - 2: c.c..acscuess-scaneeeeeereee eee 263
Patterson’. c..-.22-455 5o= seen 263
VALS PLU (se ante errtes aieee ee eee ed 263
~ SRlONIGG 42-0 oe ene ee eee ee eae 263
Saline River fishes taken..........-.-----. 1,10
Salmacis)eobator- oe seca. ce cece sae esie eee 27
5 TALIS DIMA asco s eee e se eee ote
Salmon, absorption of fin-fold in ..-...-..- 79.
Salmonete Amarilla—Upeneus martinicus 43
Colorado—Upeneus maculatus 43
Salmonoids, adipose fin of..-..----- ree ee 72
Salpinctes obsoletus-........----.-.---:--. 135
' Saltapared alacranero—Campylorhynebus
8D oes See ae 135
armarillo—Euthlypis sp- -.----- 138
aplomado—Thryothorus sp - --- 136
Ge barraneas toss open. ve ew a= 135
monte—Dendrornis sp.----- 156
TIA oe one eee eee aane eet 136
lutado—Thamnophilus sp. --.--- 156
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
{
; \ Page.
Saltapared—Picolaptes sp.-....---..-.---- 156
Paltator ALPIGEPS <o2.2-scee sets ee~- seen 141
EUR TNC ete tee erase tart 141
BME a na ae cte sys te Seeceesins beniscor cen 332
Salvadori.-.-...- See am nena are 405
Pet ee ee ose aera ceanoee leone 613
Oshethee-csecacorsaee secs sc sesyais 131
RAMS 222 =.= = ----M9G, 408, 422, 423, 224, 426, 427
BiaASten asso eee eas as soos oeiclscicl= ie 416
AVAL ercletetal tate ain ieinore tesla ts 416
STUY ALO aecmetersenstetnineee sles hm iayate mine 426
Sana pIPEl ee CCuOlalss=ssacss-~ sos ses en 628
Smulleeaeseeeeeseiacceseocesces 628
POLE Cie mia esteettesteniole = nina alerts 628
SS Ullveae taste sen aiscetee sacinacnias 628
PHP - Shar kro vs bisc.od Setodecce cs ce 310, 313, 315, 316
Sardina de Espaiia—Clupea pseudohis-
PACA aee see eee soreness 33
de Ley—Clupea sardina.......... 33
Escamuda—Clupea clupeola -- -- 33
Basaran iste eee seietsie) Aoiatelel sata elaine 561
DROID scieere clos) = te ase pea eiwlain ont jet ays aie = 561
Sargento—Phalacrocorax sp...-..-.------- 169
- Sargo Raiado—Diplodus probatocephalus. - 43
SIMRO Soin ta othe ata as scene sot Sale Semele 585
argentous, type Of: 2. 2.)5 2-55... ...-. 558
ATICSWGYPO Olio dec ciscecacsesceciee ee 538
ascensionis, type of-..-......--..-. 538
CAMPUS estes a wosccs swe teee 43, 585
caudimacnlamisss22 sose Sete sete 538, 585
fasciatus, typerof.-s-25:2.-02 4-4-3. 839
AMAVOLIACATUS yee iceie ins tem = a's) ces ne 585
GY POLOLEE s\a/cise = Sates a38
lineatus; by pe Of smears e=s sass = — 539
MONG GlOUI ars oc ratainrcloarattausaaeee ae 585
Sarothrodus amplexicollis........-...-.-.- 593
Ibimaculatus ye --rt-ise-r- ea 48
maculocinctus .... ..--:-.--- 593
Sumy, (CACO) eee ee ee 297, 300, 301, 306, 307
Pastre—Psaltriparus sp .-..--2.-.2-2------ 13
_.416, 421, 422, 423, 426, 427, 428, 428, 429,
A330, 431, 432, 434
Saturnia -
ee DI SUT a nete eerie takers ete ataiatat srs 430, 430
Seseta EEA coo eeta seine ata aes lete ee a oi Att
LEMIBIO NY Olea aisiciens late eee 44
Bye TIGE ee sicko lalate ralmiclsiaeetaeicys --.. 444, 427
PYAITIO Meee niles alele oe cero eat nas eae 526
Saurophacus derbianus ..-.....-...--.---- 154
MLNS LELAT DICH S le stincc talc oceeceesae ode see 526, 563
OUACIIShe tesserae aaean meee d26
RUN ESS ace ee ee etettet eter = aii 526
INGOLMEGIUS) She saneeetse ce ewes se 526, 563
lacentag ss. aoe ete sen: see SIE 526
SYMOMUSi se aase eet sess ena ee 526
fiyPOS! Of nee eee = sesamiae 525
RV ANUS os atone tenia mone eae ote 526
Bana ee MU iiress ccs ce rnc = eeepc ease 535
BPS AXICLVANALCHICR a2 conn ceicconn sees ena. 207 |
PHOAGISI. Soesecs cock ee ecaaee oes 216
MEO OS Mee Saal aa otal alaifats trata eres 216, 218
me Reet he) ube base OM Sah. 310
Sayornis nigricans .......-..=:-. See eeeeae 154
Phiebeeiacsnsse ese beecwe aoe. 154
SARS TLS ben tesa) earn ara erate 154
Scaphirhynchops platyrbynechus........-. 14
' ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page
Scardafella inea.--........ Paste hate eee ee 175
Neanvellammnarmoreaesssssscen cess cca sce 599
MUICTOSUOMIA Sse easleseeloe sire als Se 599
new genus and species a0
NERC UU chee esate mata tatele(e aletal te ara 599
WANG tele mers sae me raecisiec a eiaciaers 599
SCALUS Aa epee aieneos aamenecpicees 32, 470, 542, 591
abildvaardie scales cence eases 47
AGA CAS Lie = altete last etetate/ aime tele a aia etter 591
bollmani, new species...-...-.-.--- 470
brachialisye sas te edeeeascicsisine cle ates 47
CATES DS De eseesateatemiseee te semen 591
CMrunleuseecessescsseeeuseeeaneniss 48
ceelestinus, type of......- aes eee 543
CLOIGONSIS| =e 422 ceeeoeet se eee eee 47, 469, 542
Cubanispeciesiotje== 4-45 4eeeeeeeee 455
Ciadema Sess k Sas AR eee 47, 591
evermanni, new species...-..-..-.- 469
HAV ESCONS Pf eM aee coeinnee eee 590
frONGOSUS! ssa 5-saeoe owes aes oe eee 591
typeloheis.. soo 2secsetess 542
STACLOGUS (E) eee ceisicleeietsneeiers 592
MUACAM AIA sone esas we emeeeraee 48, 543, 592
hoplomystax..-..... a iatato tears cesar 591
lateralis sass ae coat ee eee 47, 591
Mminiofrenatus sts ess as ese ee Ree 47, 591
Much aligns Meese eee seer 591
ObtURUS eee tac ceeee ees 591
oxybrachius. --.. esiea Sees sesses 47, 591
punctulatusesaeeee es se see eee 47, 470
quadrispinosus, type of --...--..--- 5A
PU LUP INNIS pawe ale ate lesen ieee 591
Spinidenswreoees eee ss ae ese eee 591
OUI CUS eR aoe ae oe ei nsions: ae 47, 591
SUPCUDUS Ha sce etis ce tae neces 591
teniopteruss.escce--.. - one ae ane ote Aq
UW OV) (i) lesabsrerisoeaoeenc a435
LEoncabusy (HEN mace seca taers 59L
bURCHESTUS! As. ce eee eee eee 592
: type Oloee ewe seaeoe cee 43
Virens)| (Q)eiss2<ten oe facials (ayaraveeeeatS 591
VITSINAMS wae en ase eeee eee 47, 470, 543, 591
WATIGIS SO See Jose oe eee meee 591
Seaup, Largercn..s2 kaos etissacce ne eeemeees 659
Sceloporusiaeneustese escent ese se eeeeeee ee 193
forMOSUS ese. Se ee ease 193
P gracilisn-- selec assoc oeeene 193
OHACTOSUSeceean cies peer Fe Leg atetns 193
OMAMIMTCUS aes seen ee eee 192
NSU op eaietaterateietet rae 193
STADLOSUS Ree eee ome Re rete 193
microlepidotus .....- procec sees 193
Scalamig=ee--)-eeswe enact eee. 194
SPINOSUSE ss sen eee e ere asa 193
torquatus formosus-.-.-.--..---- 193
VATIADIISe deme teccincese case sctee 194
Schieffelin & Co., cinchona barks from. - -- 438
Schizaster canaliferus_........... cL ae» , 291
fraoilisgss so okss hoes ceeake 291
Ocbigmyannsis... ccc s-2 sbsso5-5- 292
Schizoplamybuam dies see 2-5 4s- ees ese sees 217
Schlegel. ..-................-. .398, 399, 407, 408, 659
BCHIOULER YS: aa Pew nre See a oe win cs deneeces 303
Schliter, WIPES HOM sa eae 108
Hora eae See. 365, 366, 371, 372
°
104
Page.
Schomburgk ..-....- weeds sost ae aseeeeaas 360
PE tee ee ote te eae eine 352
RON OHG Gaon ee noe ee ac dine cnet ee emis 519
REDS Rees a Ns ome Oe eens 213
BSG COIISN SUTIN 20S cota = rain om ee emma oeine 587
CHYVSOLE 's:tsc won emeneseced poetics 28
MINOR Utien cia warns aan oote See eine 465
INA CWA an wialee ainerein Sas Berean ses 482
INAS CRON G8 -- 5 sai sacle n aes eerieacrentin 587
MILOL ODS ena em anne aaa eee 587
TN OMACANEN Ais cocias nce seater ae 587
OCOUBLAL cc pans secns seater eee 28
STONE CHS | pee eile) ear etc aI)
TUDO Ais moc cid c= ams aimee aaalsan eee 587
BIBUIGET Asa Soca ne noe eater 540, 587
SUBMOUALIS) Koa - ss asec ac a mmons 587
SUDINAMOUSIB fies an ion Sein sae se ei saets 587
RGIBNTASS ooo fe cawids the qacs antipe aia on crecianioe 586 |
OLN AV aN cece 2 Ae acae seen aay 43
IMGXICO) ca'scessaste seen ot eeoee 196
DCRR DO UGS rans ate ciate jo a eR pe ota ra ash fel ate 410
Sommorm iron Alaska on ccceec oe wee eae a 22%
Of MeGxICO)Sccmoechicc eta aes ca sens 129
SCUIUS BUTCOCASLED | 22a nie ssc meen enue cons 129
eR UE US a enine sera states ie 129
MAM O@AUS clearness cee saa 129
MCIALOD booed cence cie easier -ccegaiae 131, 610, 613
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus.........--.- 152
PCOlMIOMON: a2 chee ew soadomateas oun meneeeen 556
OT OSDS eee eee ane eee 32, 556
Scolopacidz of Grenada..-....---.---..--. 628 |
IMGxOCO% cacsisna=saccnieseanrs 178
SEO pa ala nae false acer een sii he 171
Celi Gata 2 cco = sa asec wes emete Sola 178
PCLT UTA eee onto teint ie viel tee is 171
melanolones .x <\scccaaneeaincee 2 178°
BCOMNEL COMMAS 53. <tc sso Saneie ase ae cence ee 574
MOU: oxigen es Siecle re sia abel aeiaicietecs 531
SCOMPGLEROCLOR 2255 cea cleat aeneeettee 568
Of Havana tc escscet nce ee 35
Scomberomorus cavalla .....-........-- --- 36,574
maoulatus)cas s</cseee ese. 27, 36
TCLs). comassscce ce meeas 36, 574
DCOMDNIGB pan= 2 cows ate cen esses eee eae 574
OL (Havana. =secccceewicneeareee 36
S SLOG DLOPSOCULATUS somo fone ne ae 586
RICO RGUG Ge en ae aie omens eae eee ae ee 563
Scorpena brasiliensis -....----.060---.-=-- 596
bYPC: Of co62 cate tee 545
CAICATALA =. coon cesscureeneence 545, 596
GBSLON copa otss cacesapechre eee 596
grandicornis ........---..--.-50, 545, 596
INORINIA Sac o\ncin a ee Seno 596
bY DC Ole sn. mine nee 545
OCCIPILALIS ns on suerte teen en DSO NST OOO
PNMIEr? 2 =< one eee 50, 596
NAN OHEN O oie.nin nian ouiseiaaae nee ea - 50, 596
accreting, tivpe Of «+ 2-es Seinen 345
SLCATNA se oe wine won a ee eee 596
BCOEP NIG hq cas awiee a ns soo omen eee es 596
Of SHAV ANG am n00 satis sae 50
BCOLOPR fc ciate ee ciaeiai ate canals crue atl todas 659
SRO SOL enlaanetisen> eons <atoninldeeeine “ 659
RS CTU NER pre tare cts ei acon ia eee 404
SOGUGBLIGES a oaccinatoe snoee ac’ ttctaem eee 282 |
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Pagé.
Soyllidzs of Havana. <.. ics oextee caeeos mee 32
Scylliorhinidwe)-- 31.0 .c.te5.ces-seee eee 555
Seyllium, Parapoid structures in.......... 74
NOY RIS ANA o.oo. senna a eee eee 37, 575
Sea-birds, distribution of ................-- 653
peculiar to American coast... - 653
remarks) ON... “ees nee ena A 657
Seal gore 22 55 cc ea Se ee ae eee ee 222
Sea Robins; review 0f:.2..<scsseaece.s ee 327
Seebohm ..... 109, 110, 111, 115, 119, 200, 365, 380, 382,
384, 388, 389, 394, 408, 610, 645, 657
Seed-eater, Black-face -..-.22 seas0s«s-see 614
Hee-see,, Black. -. 2.225 4ccc as eae 612
Blue-black Grass -....-=5<.2...---- 615
Red-throat..-<52..5-ceee eee 614
Wihitte-beak .:.: <- ~aem-eeeemeeeee 614
MeUOWrwsic candkesbe sees eens 613
ZOTDO ioe secics kana. seee [ORR 614
Sciurus motacilla) sce. aaeaeee eee ee 136
BE 22 1): ee Se) a 611
Selene: vomenr2. -40c222022 = ee eee 27, BY, 575
Nelenites cwlata figured. .-5-2-222.24-¢.040 461
NOW. SPeCiese<-... seen ee 460
Dnranth.sennsncascctin Seuseueeee 460
figured .2.<¢:.:\.<cssscn Meo
NOE ON.<- ah esooeeeaee 460
Selys Longchamps --..-<....=-secsehe eee 201
Semotilus bignttatus) 22. 4oue ceases 4
Sennett, |G. Boo ..o 5 coe aceieeae eee 132
Senorita—Oxyjulis californicus............ 65
Seriola honariensis:....-..2sccsece eee '. -.532, 576
COLORSLA «on. on ios. eee 576
dubia} 2.2 532\. see aeeeaeee eee 576
dumérili.2 5-5-3522 Seen eee 576
falOata... o-.-02 hiss nico eee eee 5382, 576
TasCiaba-— 2 oo. osaeeseeeake eee 532, 575
PIZAS Peon Seep a ate eee eee eee 576
ligulatia, <5 asec cic hete eee eee eens 576
DIOXINS = cose na scsi eee 576
VivoOliana . < 3-5 -5-hee peas eeeeeee 576
typeof, 2. (ess eee 532
semicoronata...... a (ites aoe eden ee 576
menial. jon cnc. ce aa ees 576
carolinensis\)---.s..esenceee 576
Senelichthys: °-- 2 ssn. asec eee eee 576
Serpentario—Spizaetus sp-..--...........-. i67
Serpula dianthus..-5.-.---soseseeeeee oes 549
gigantea. <<<. scss5-cnpecee eee aneee 5ol
stellata . 2.2. --cceseha ce eee 551
Serpulide from the ‘‘Albatross”.......-.. 547
Serranide...-v.ceecs ca nscaaans ete eee 579, 607
of Havana’... - 3.5.5.4 eee 39
Serrano—Serranus formosus ...........--- 39
Serranus angustifrons...-..--..-..- Ps Perot 580
PRU rnp ota spent acct es 581
SUYariOs :.<-spa sonata 27, 468, 469, 533
atrobranchus.-.<. 2. -sseseeeees 533
bivittatus)?.... 2 -cse-. seeeeenes 579
brasiliensis... .....y.s.sascneeeee Dees Dre
dispilurug. ~:~ dese seeee eee 27, 533
fascicularia: <<! .2.45.0o.4cKnensenen 579
HMAVESGEDS < o-25 <5 scaceneeeeeeee: 79
flavolimbatus ~:-:<.3-2sshedeus 532
TOTMGSUG,..- «555.0. ness see meee ees 39
fosculust dics cc ceuecsseoaeree eens 579
* ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
SOUPANUSs| ACCME croiceims ile ooieiato! sauce eleieenins 579
luciopercanus ...........-.-.-... 579
Tha Beso soreosJe aeeo oobooRd 532
ocyurus, new species..-....----- 468
Mh wpm ecceerie === sesso 27, 39, 532, 579
PRES WL PIALOT cine <tc)cinig om aiiviiaisiosiaie 579
MMUUS sasateeieieaenio eile siseieas sia = = 533
CaO CATES ee <\-tclaia\em|=iefemclelel=ieiel=' 39, 579
LnreT S| SSS oegeneneed sone scodeeo 79
AGRE WS aie yainl= aisle winlnieiclat='=\='=iai° 468
undulosus, types of...---.--.---- 532
‘Sesi de lo Alto—Lutjanus sp:..-...--.---- 41
Setophaga lacrymosa................------ 138
GINA Mere ccrleleisisia\clemeinicicles S56 137
TE DLae ee Aes saicicisetsiatte eee © csicis 138
MHOC eee eet sate acelin als 611
S. Gabrielito—Pyrocephalus sp -....-.---- 154
Sharpe, R. Bowdler..-:..-.... 294, 295, 296, 643, 649
CGMOTOSSOR wecisc(ecwiae nfo aia[< ciao mini 114
RAG Ks HAG W OOGS vie ans) sine ele/ojaie naiete 310, 312, 314, 315
TIS Kayan tis eise ae nictoisisiuivici-tn siete ai 316
Sharks, actinotrichia of.............------ 72
DReaAmWaAtOll s2ac sien o Sccecc sian sceeteiyess > 658
Bleep alls tes en csec)-occ am cise ciaielmisleiever 224
Shell, new California............ siatblejaieeersis'e 460
UK AL Alen oe fae msc soe eni- tacisemscicies oe 376
BEM OR PB sale a an aa) Nae ees eos = = 386
Ships for burial purposes........-..-.-.--- 449
Ship womD se ass--sccecaeccockescce oes. o- 458
ULE WEE OLShenSicecenic:saccice demsioeneiceec 2 222
Sbritel dite sR Worse a sicclcinecetnameeeriees 495
AIAG AZ ULE > ose ce eac meena cont co.« 133
SUA Se oe enema eee cee 133 |
Sibonannulatum:.-----e2--cnesnenis see sea 183, 198
Gite Pi rereaaeeneeaeescTous ees anere 183
frenatum, new species .--.........-. 184
PELSONAUUMo 2- ce sina ee eee ae ela 184
MICVASES secs caccisisisencestennceceeeer 597
SHEE GOS nepenpeseccoce soCeUro=Eenecerore: 485
ICY Eye sen aice cine nla ais iaisiatie metas oe <5 479, 484
anti llarum |? ssc cs eeeeee eee 484, 485, 595
gymnogaster............ pesccsns 485
plumieri.--.--sssse2ss55- 484, 517, 595
Salva set salts see ees cue 485
SITAPUS ea aw atwns cciste seems, 484, 595
ICY OPLEMUS 2 4- - aj- mere isata/seise sre celal 479, 485
analysis of species of..-...-.. 485
PYIMNOLASTON-—cese-- ee 485, 517
SALVA oc aeejeiciwiainicia serare terete 485, 517
SUUMPSOMD > seco sess asaces as 485
POPPA ALOE oo mom meisieimjainlsro ps stele secre 565
CONSPCTES cpap ieee mioeiciomerele cia = 566
OB DOT ALA Soak in Seine oars taaatanee 566
MaVOscripta sca sescevicssseeesseewe 565
FADOUWS sam op annnacoews nce ade tein eta 565
maculipinnis ..... pileoe tak oasis 566
MiligTist-- poe peeeee eee eee Peseta 566
moringa .-...-.. Baas aieicia teks tieerabaelas 34, 566
NISTOCAStANES .. <2. .025s2e- tenes ee. 565
nigromarginata ..........-.-...-. A73, 606
ODSG0RALa pa sencess = =mememncee eee 565
OCC Maia Ho np eww ees ccesisccs 34, 473, 474, 566
POLY GODIG coe meee nan cee eee 565
sancim-helen® ......<0Gnessiset ous 566 |
TUT OS Ss oan rate cre eesates ColaeA in ott Ciel 565 |
Page.
Sideranvariepatd on --\ceeceees otek occ ee 566
VACIN Ag wanes eae eelet eae ceat lek Se 34, 565
Sierra Serrucho—Scomberomorus cavalla. 36
Sierritalfe-ccereeseteseeaeecest ee ee eee eeee 349
Siete colores—Passerina sp..-....--..----- 142
Sicanus: creo cote es Se ae ae eae 48
Siliqua patula..a.cnesces cassie cee ate 218
Silarid eee cece cet acta ctccs be OE ePae eee 558
Simorhynchus cristatellus .......-...-.--- 655, 656
Pusillns <a seeia ar. teeestieele 655, 656
DY SINUS hewitt sesmeeietetear 655, 656
Sipho lividus: 2-5-2629 eoeene seco ee wees 205, 215
Martensi)--os-occs-- cess san cepeeee ae 302
Siphonaria thersites ......-. supldsmewrntigee 210, 217
Siphostomaaine|scaces sense eneaneesseeeee 569
ascendéns):.i.-...2. 3-Usee see 570
brachycephalum.............. 570
CAV CNN CNC) sa 5-)> 5s eeeeee eee 569
Crinigerum)55.0ssesee ese 570
ClUGONS 5 25,5.s15 sais eae Senne 569
fistulatumeossaeseseceeeeeeee 569
HaVITOs{VO\.sectetersronroes eee 570
HOTIdDsa assess cece ee eee 30
PONCE. -2.5 3 secs deeeneeeeeueeee 569
Win@G) 25 .sssesemeccceetaeeee ee 70
louisiane W-3<-. cence aceeeeee 30
MACK AVI simses css ciese cee oe BSV5, 229
marmoreum: 5.-.--ssseeee == e 570
miurum to be suppressed. .--. 225
pelagicumis- sas tewen sees 569
PICLULATUM a ase eee 570
ROUSSEBUT 5258) eee ace ce 569
ZALLOPIS; -asewe 2 oss ceeeaee === 570
Sitar cscs oer eaera(laneteee cetera 374, 389, 391
albifrons : <6 ejecs/sisensatiateeei ae Gatielet- 390, 393
AMUTENSIS sees eee 389, B9O, 392, 393
albifronsmeeceee esac 390, 393
ClaVaisaeaeciane lease eset nse 390
new subspecies..---. 392
measurements .......----- 391
baicdlensisss:.coscvaa-mscteceeeoes 390, 391
CBS Aeeeeemesteeeseiaeeew eee cite ae 113
Clala esses scawateme cscs acetereee es 393
OULOP HAs veeien ae icems . ---1138, 389, 390, 391, 392
measurements. .......--.---. 39L
subsp. uralensis.......-...-. 390, 392
TROSOL 1a poem meereiemara sooeise\aiae es ieeiaeieee 390, 392
SPLLCEM eee eececmiceereeiemeebtalsetanere 393
SIMA -S- aoe eee eubine or Sele seeaee 392
UTSIONSIS\ eee eee eee eon eeee ee 389, 392, 393
Sittasomus olivaceus...........-2-..26--c0- 156
Sibliparu see s-scewc eee mmaiacetcsamee 374, 375
Slurus mMotacilla woes ween ese sees 13
Skates, actinotrichia of.............----.- 72
Skibssetninger (boat-shaped burial
QTOUPS) isooctane Ge eeerecewan ccs sucne. AAG
SENas see eeeececcwcscormepeeneseos snekise 1 660
Slaaveek stone boat ..2.~.ecescesecsce seen 447
Slippery Dick—Platyglossus bivittatus- -- 63
S1OaT ewe eee eeueh cor keneen necee oem etente 37
Siiagwacdus.. ccc ene wcccsensesrewacs coca 7
Costalesiis cars Ho -awceccee ee esse 496, 596
stigmaticus .:.5...............- 496
valenciennesi ...-...--------.-. 497, 596
Smilisea baudini --.... sesso .e se cece see. 199
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. *
Page. Page.
SINIGD epissic cerned cael aac sasaeeee cess 121 | Spheroides. 230, 231, 2B, 233, 239, 242, 243, 247
GH A wo celewamnaccacecicnnnacccsteunns 297 analysis of species of ........-.. 234
John B., on Saturniide.......-...--. 414 angusticeps ..........- ZIZA, S36, 247
BIOL Shick \eaire los 2a ob choesnsoetinaes oe 310 annulatus.-.....--..... 235, 239, 241, 247
SRORB erwince ae sioeslo eames se erences 511 formosus.......... 235, 240, 241, 247
on a new Rhinoptera.......--- 220 POrGhy .<e'-2 ieee ee ZBA, 26, 247
SHANVEM Ed 2. =~ sec awenninesssenenbeese ee 334 maculatus’ ----.-..-..--- 235, 238, 247
MING AWiISOMIS ooo stcmccstewl tomes snes se 628 pachygaster ..234, 235, 236, 247, 605
OPED, Sod oe acre oo Ss Pee 393 politias = 25244 235, 23G, 240, 241, 247
IPLOTESSOL <2 caedcas eee eee ease ese: 436 Spengleri .... 54, 234, 237, 238, 239,
Prof, (Hayao sce eee cee ams soe 415 247, 605
Sobaco— Balistes macrops......-...-..-.-- 54 testudineus. .54, 235, 3535, 239, 241,
SUCArrO LUE Owl .secaccnn'seo noses cee eee! 166 247, 605
Sulariom wallalense.:.... ..-...--. ieoetee 252 trichocephalus ..234, 235, 236, 247
POIOR DLOM I satan as sacks poeta nee a eee 602 tuberculatus .......... 233, 237, 238, 247
SGICIG OME AVANTE ccisicncice Se eae ea ostcle 53 tubercul62:: 222s eee ee 233
Solomiaspilex 5p 5<.o- sete ens Salo Loe 252 targidus eee ee 239
Soleotalpa unicolor.......22-.-50--0:--0--- 603 | ‘Spharébranchus™----22 eet eee eee 566
Somateria spectabilis.....-..-.---.-----... 659 rostratus?/2o00 = 566
MALONA so aecivicccce ees nee cis oe = 659 | Sphenocercus formos#® .-.................- 637, 639
Sondmonre spOaG! =5 coe mar eens een == 443 Sphenoproctus curvipennis .......-..--... 156
orale) eee ey ac seerees ce sdessstese hac ame 629) f* Sphy rena ss esscsass aos see eeeee see cee 339
MOTEX POESPEII == —.c can sdesee eee conch 222 BOUSs2s450 51 seeee eae sect eee 355, 356, 568
Soricids from Alaska ......--.5.../..-.-- 222 barracnda.2s--~soeeesee eee es 572
NOEY-SOp/BINd |. 6; asses cess eee ctacicactes= 613 borealis ss ss eee eee sees 27
PPA On DeLOY Oe es je ce cna eee eae sete 53 onagunche) s6582i 2252288. och eee 36
PAINE: Soa ce cisaas nee slay eee nes ie 607 fuachancho..~-<-. 2... -.snea == 572
of, Hawana)..2:. seer aecenetes = n= oe 41 picuda: -:-.:. cee el Meese 26, 572
Sparisoma abildgaardi .................--- 47, 591 picudilla:=:-<:.22s2s2cte.s secnes 36, 572
ATSCAM PA. o25 shows eee ee 50: 591 sphyrene.22. sop eee 572
ALOMANIUM 4... Sewee seasons. 591" |; Spliyreanidiece- es cee eon eee eee ee eee 572
aurofrenstimM <.s222-scactsacee 47, 591 ° Of Havana ssrsctewwae ieee eeees 36
brachiale 2 oc-ccssneeetoee ce acee 542, 591 PAPOL OD sna u: cose seeus coe se 36
ChrySOpLexUMie A pmencsseeecictene 47 | Sphyrenops bairdianus........:-.-222.2..- 586
GHEYSODLEINs-s--4arhe ss aeee eae “591, |) Sphyrapicus varluse<.ceccenente ue eee eee 159
circumnotatum ........-.-..--. 591 | Sphyxrna, tiburo-2 2-2 So sss ee ee ee 26, 82, 556
Cuban species of..:...:--...-.. 45 COGGS Seen eee aaa 556
CYSDOLGUEs. asc--menioee see eee ae 607 ZY FONG. asses asset tasepeccaseeros 26, 556
eMarpinatum Vsce.-5-225-2 022 591 |} Sphyrnid terre ee seca wieioaisa s<aeee ee 556
fifi CSCONS 4520. Mewe eee ee a 47, 542, 591 OL HBVane oo os.c05 os0caacsieeecee 32
frondogsum....-a- «sec eceaeeteree: 47,542 | Spilotes auribundus.............- thine. 2 185
hoplomystax ........---..-- 591 (CORAIS eee see eee eee 185
LOLIGO) «=-5-0esencese0sn0 cere 47, 55, 591 Cr@beOnnUSccasee seas sele tals 185
Tagine £22 2022 eo sees eee 59) subspecies erebennus ...... 185
VALID 5015 --etine ce esee ere aoe 591 GreDGDNUS meee i toee tear ae 185
Kystradonsssehesi 2 ees. < - - 47, 55, 591 pullatus auribundus ..-.......... 185
SpaUSiMOrMyLUs=seesaeeseemeneee eee eee 585 | SalVililinae ess seek see eee eee eee eae 185
DAPEROBS poe cesicscceccensecerines Meee S5GNGUT) | SDINAkte ences sce = See eee eee eee eee oe 555
TAOISUS acerca ese eee 60, 63, 64, 70 WANS Some eee ees eee ee 555
‘Spatangide ee Ue eres Le aed aig aes 287 ~ Spines of fishes, development of .......... 75
SpmaDOus: epee aes ose ees naeeeaeeeecree OsRe| Spinitesatricularis- 2 -2-.c---scecsooeeeee 144
Spatangus purpures......-.-.-.-..--.----. 998%|"Spinus notatus!-----as=---ssmeni-eeeeeeene 149
RASCH Wiest. ose e ee eee eee 288 RYU ee omeo ree sein es SS 5 55" 651
Spatula Clypeatais..=- 5. --cheoeseseeebes ees 655 | Spirobranchus dendropoma ...........---.- 553
Speeies, origin of -- sveee see tse eet 78 giganteus........ 551, 552, 553
resulting from stable equilibrium. 78 incrassatus .......--------- 552
Spelerpes|bellii.:-.acs-0ssseessa.se eee ee 199 | Spizaetus ornatus ........... See alee 167
Spermophila gutturalis ...............-..- 614.) Spizastur melanoleucus ...#.......--..---. 167
orquedlajiescten ttt eae 142 | Spiza versicolor. .........2..-c-seneseane- 142
SpPeuUOpuG we AINA .cccwssnenene eee eeee 224 | Spizella atrigularis..... See ee 144
Spermophilus empetra ................-..- 224 BOCIANA\. sacec scans nan anette eee 144
PTAMIMATTIA lows =< oeeeasees 199) ||| Swrondisie eves. 02 oct p cete meme eeeee 618
TW OZIOBNTUG Soc foie Glee ee. © 129 | Spoonbill, Roseate ........ Swe ceenceseeeaee 627
Spherechinus granularis.-......-..------- 257,276 | Sporophila torqueola.........--.---- aenaee 142
pulcherrimus..............- 257,276 | Spring Creek fishes taken.........-..-.--- 20
1
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Stejneger, Dr. Leonhard... .102, 130, 133, 209, 216,
219, 297, 402, 652, 653, 654,
657, 658, 659, 660
genus named for. 468
on British marsh-
bib: deceemwacseecep COO
on European
throsheseess-s. 365 |
on Japanese
Woodpeckers.. 99
on Japanese Tits 374
on Japanese Rails 395
on Liu Kiu Isl-
ands birds..--. 634
on Rallusspecies. 362
, on species of Par-
dalotus ..-..-.. 294
on synthliboram-
Phuspesecsesss!s 524
proposed guide to
Japanese birds. 101
Stelgidopteryx fulvipennis -.-............ 139
serripennis'.-....-..-....- 139
toll fOrusiaacaee set mien cess c= ae dase emesis 540, 587
AGNI Hee eee ens eaacees =i 540
CHOCO DIES be see ae cece manseice sist aie aaia 487 |
DS LENOMGLO POS Mace sees senciccinses sins ia oi 242, 233 |
Stenostoma macrolepis.--.....-.-..--.---- 183
Mh wnOp Sessa aaewe eee eee 183
Stenostomide of Mexico....-...-...---... 183
Stenotomus caprinus............-..--..--. 607
ehry sparen nace eae aaecine 27
ILO DOHA eaecee mee eieisisetesiaasioe aistelsiaciaiee es 380
Sue phenson Mines eae ee ee arene ae scne 449
DSPOLCOFATIUS DUNONM ote) nao) nc seen 655
crepidatus .....--.....5..-... 655
lon PICANOUSS. a erica ciesie = 655
pargsiticus -<-.-.--22-cs..-5=- 655
DOMAINS ees asce menses = 655
PAPOINAY DOU tI CA seem <tc eraieai Piel oceine sale) 656
.
|
|
‘ ’
Page.
RSET SRN 1 Gl Peete elena lien eiala «eerie il 555
Squalus acanthias...............-.....--.- 555
Ga GIS ee eee eslere ee aieieeeiettar 310
RRC LA DUS ee cteleeele ele lee leita) 32, 556
PIP URO RE ee eames esate yaa 555 |
SOE PROM te sess eniais Sinaia nla) fain isiaara= = 223
ia C Olan ae leeieenicimeisaa i= a aiaaminl aia s\~ =I = 406
EAT OTe ate teeta alata tate eretayelal onl 406
septentrionalis ................- 406
ey eT cee alae a elafet eal ne femelle ee grccctte 524
Stathmonotus hemphilli .........-. sop tues a 608
Stearns, Prof. R. E.C., Echini from ......- 256
Silas. . 28, 64, 246, 327, 334, 335, 466, 467, 470, |
471, 482 |
described fulgurites .......- 84
ASHES) MOM se sc cice san cisas == 225
sent fulomrities ---2..2-cc<=.- 83, 84
STeenStLO press see sels cs = sass epmie cing 297
Steganopus tricolor ...........--..--.. .-. 178
Steindachner, Dr. Franz.--.. 48, 60, 69, 236, 349, 360,
497, 509, 513, 530, 592.
Steinegeria, new genus ........--.--.----- AGT
MHDOSCODSI epee cease eceaee eae as 607 |
. new species .....--- 467
e | Sipgmatogobius...............--...-..2- ‘ 487
“HOT
Page.
Sternaianwthetnsyee << -(- 6.55.52) sesien one 632
GAMUSCHALTCA <2 ~ aol = wie oictsio ws a niele 655, 656
dougallit =. sean ict ccceec ese, 632
ClO ANS yee aan soe ltigs Ane ives 656
EU OINOS Aye eda efa ish atentaae ees 632, 655
LON PAP CNIS ae cpa sts als:</e teeratete osaiers 655
INACHUL AN. weiamianiniae Cae eleteietelaiaisteictels 660
MARIM Ais <ohaueheias Jase cece mets 179, 632
melanailch ens as-\sjseeeeiesemaee cries 656
MINAS aos S Go -eeea seats sissies sce 660
PALAGIsea elas oa) eae ee seme ee 660
pelecanoides'!. 2.07.54 s teeters al 656
SINONSISC 5 15, Seaeteeievs: ace meade 655, 656
SUnIMAMeNSIS = Sec ewnecietee sae ceeace 179
Stevardiajalbipinnis' -5--2s-ieeeessseeeeeee 560
TSO] a 520 cook ccleaner eb Eee 560
SCAaLeSL os = ccs eee edapeinoneetene 560
Weed Oni .\i5.... 6 sce eeeiets 560
Stimpson, Wm...-.. iB enantio genes 206
Drs WM 2 <a soa aoe eee tee elope oN DSS
Hehinifromia.--. =s-.c-s-e messes 256
Stizostedion canadense...............----- 8
VAGLCUM 52 woos vesaamemasioee 8
Hestoasodoninann anise --seceeaeeee ceeeeecee 26, 558
LOE PHONIC 12 sass slsy cee Seleemaee eee 562
Stolephorus argyrophanus ........-..--. 525, 562
DIOWNL oot sje eate eee 26, 33, 562
Chwrostomusycjc= 025 sss eeeee 562
Cubanuste esses s4-/--\ee ater 562
OGULYStOlC ce scnwiscce=sasaa setae 525, 562
Mmibchit ees je scccn sees ese 562
pertasciabusise- eee ceeeercine 33, 562
productus!s---2.5---\. ajataeietes= 562
TIN GONG womise sfemen tirana 525
Spiniler=- oc scene es wien mcls care 562
SULINAMENSIS\S « s..414ciseisi-e i 562
COMMA ren cemeeeseesin eee eeeeielateieeiets 563
Stomopneustes Variolaris ....:........--.. 271
Stoney) GoM aac iocmis eee cee eee eee 297
Storeriaidekayi- 6-220 -pea-riseeeniiceees oe 187
Strecker} Mrs 2: scicices cate. sloeeeciccce 425
Strepsilas interpres ....................--- 627
Strepsilidew of Grenada................---. 627
Streptophorus bifasciatus............-.-.. 186
SOD Dseeninaleacesies see = 187
Strigids of Grenada ............-.-------- 621
MexiCOnpecanc sess daaeaeeeeei 163
Siri ACCIPIUTINA eee ae oneemaieaieneeee 164
flammea var. guatemat®@ ..-........- 164
nigrescens. ...-.....-.. 621
TUBLOM ALB loeetaia ra pele me aia ole miata areal 164
PhalwenOidesy. amie ple a-lee ee lew ele 164
PLAhINCOl Ae ee eme eel ae seer 163, 164
SiTOMALCIG ses aan ase iaats 1 ates ieeeteta 57:
Stromateus alepidotus ............-....--- 76
Orbiculanis;.<—- iscsi esi 576
PANU celeste seateie eee pete 576
GrIACGANTNUS .-- nis 1t aanecis sone 27
SELOMp olla saemeetiacecetale lai seieeistaieatare 303, 304
callorhina, var. stejnegeri -.--. 215
var. stejnegeri ..---..-.---.-.. 218
Strongylocentrotus albus ..-....---...---- 271
depressus-........... 257, 271
Drébachiensis .- . . 257, 259, 271,
272, 273, 275
708
Swinhoe, R....-.,-103, 107, 114, 115, 363, 376, 388, 394,
Page. |
Strongylocentrotus eurythrogrammus -.-.257, 273
franciscanus .--...- 273, 274
gibbosus.:-.-22-2----- 273
globulosus .......--- 257, 274
intermedius ...-...--. 257, 274
lividusssa.eee-seeenes 274
mexicanuS ...--.-.----. 274
nudus:.cs22e 2220 e 82-267; SA
purpuratus ..... 257, 273, 275
tuberculatus.......... 257, 275
Strathers(zisissschse22cnssceseaeetese os 80
Struthus atrimentalis -.........--.---.--.. 144
Sturnella magna mexicana.....-..--...--- 152
var. mexicana -.....-.... 152
MOXICANA! = =255555 nese sees e ae 152
Sturnus holosericeus ---.-..-..--:---..--... 149
OUACUPHARssecine scsseaciees cee ccts= 151
Stygicola dentata .........0..-.-..25.---- 600
Siylephorideei sce. ceen~-m-eeeno-==-- s\n 573
Stylephorus chordatus .-.......--..--.---- 573
SHC ler GeO seenenaaseeeebiee eee mees eset 524 4
PUICTIBE Ss saces Sacinc cc an Sees teen’ se lone eic at 613
Sud@is intermedius :<.c25.cc502 Soles eeneoes 562
MMC VANONSs=asdeces acdc as cceeeeete ee tees 6351
Hebe ieee ects ws we becacsaden eee 631
PETRUS ea eele menace eicicle Sinise stalarclarajaie 631
RencoPastercts ja24 sooo esos senses seal 655
IRSA Tigh Rete aie eee ata ee ele ate ole eete ato 631
DISCAtOR Asshole eee 630, 631
BU laid or. See eee eee eels s sce 630, 655
SamMichnast. sane sae eee se see ae sia ora loiaye 144
Sande wall ee cosas Peace oneeeccicns 103, 118
Wee ORG D Beets caw eine eo eiseminiclas 40, 47, 225 |
collected fishes..........-.. 1
on Cuban scaroids........--. 45
BSPELSD Vee eee en ai eaialale 41
Swarinsonesstesssor sacs deesees 57, 66, 231, 242, 245
Swallow. Mountaittses2c.- cscs cones tee cce 620
PAR LG seep eee na eae ete seen 612
utoms-pellyat nose ke eee als 612
NOUS) ora notes ae a eas Saar Ss eae aes 658
iG. wWehini from ssscse scene esses 256 |
Syenitt, collared seassscretasceee ee ceeacieee ee 620
399, 400, 406, 635, 650, 656, 658, 660
. described Japanese birds. .-... 100 |
Sylvaniaspusilla --cscscecne sce eeenes shee 137
Sylvia auduboni---. ~~ te. ceca scae 137
komadorittc cf sos cecchune nse ecesee 644
_Sylviide of Mexico..........--..---.----. 133
SyMPLANemMewss 52-5 5-26. M tees ee seve 565
Symbranchus marmoratus....-....---.---- 565
Symphemia semipalmata...........--..--. 628
Synetheres mexicanus............-..-..... 130
Synpnathideo.<+-.. --: secs Sees ee eee ec tes 569
ofglavans.teecsosse antag icsic 35
Syngnathus albirostris?...........-.....-- 70
heokelis< +2260: Sis ecs heeciee 570
mONesLM otc... 2 eee es eee eee 569
MAMUINICENSIS.. 2) '\s2\n> seen eins 570
HONS eee ae soe fee e eaiet -eninen 570
SEIN TRUE ae ian oe ats asain saan 58 563
Of QVaAs ask «= <<ssinn-scaece 34
Symodtas) sesscssetyesteee 22 os ci cccceccnes 339, 542
ANGMMAt aaeacsen po aatantiemasee sees 526, 563
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Synodus cubanus..... eaaine aneipelens seem ones 563
fOHtENS 2h eee eee Coessae 26, 526, 563
intermedius. 22s sossese sae ens 34, 526, 563
longirostris:;. 02. svovaeecensenee as 526.
IMVGORSR ec hase ea ese eee ee 34, 563
E POOYIs eas on eae eee minis ws ese 563
NOW SPOCIOSs o> 2-52 oescce 526
TUDEM (6, UES tha ree ees 526.
SANTUS Lae. sue toe es gence ince see 526, 563
SPLTiA Bus) 652 shseeeheeceeeean 34, 526, 563
SYNOMWS! 5). Siok ee Peewee ne 526, 562
| Synthliboramphns antiquus..,. --.524, 655, 656, 657
wumizusume.......... 655, 656
statusof.. 524
Syrniam( virgatim ace. -c-. ss scese cece 164
oc
PachyrhyucChws rosa ses se cece asses ee mee 218
PaCIiUS’: 2-25 RShe- aS e he ose tanec eee 451
DHCTANOWSED Aicsacs-+ c= Soee ce ace 389, 393, 397, 401
Ta lOTne | GASACTE eao20sae es asesc~s aie sae ae 655
GOLNUtE 32 oes es eans waar cacees 655
Pupils ste scse seas eee ees 655.
Teminidds(s s.r. Meee ee 512
Toniophisiimpertalis® 22222 ssecc ese oe aes 187
‘Proninra CUMGTIN Ss 2s ood cece ea cewek ese 557
RYSUIK oto «'s02 </see cee sacraes 557
macdalens :....2+:-ssccesessacuee 557
MUOLOLO soe oct ca co ec cincaeewens 557
| Tagarote—Tantalus sp............---..... 171
Tam boril tapes os niascnceesec ceases 232
Tambor—Spheroides testudineus...-...-. 54
Tanagra ‘abbas... <<. ccsss5: case veda cece 140
CYSNGAls oun oneueeemeeeeee= ee 142
PETANGIS oe cagsoactees grccctccee eee 141
JACATING M.S ocacccemcceeeosoacae 142
ludovicisna- c= 5s2q0ssseseeeeees 140
(Saltator) atriceps..............- 141
Tanagride of Grenada.-.-..-....-.-...--. 613
MGxi@0 les .2n's cnscncetaasne’ 140
Tancredia americana. -.. 0. .......20.0.---- 252
Tantalus loculator ................ eater 171
Tantilla calamarina’..- 22 2.2.20 eesensceeas 189
Tapaya orbicularis......-.s00-..-.5------ 194
Mapes Giversnsose.. == cece eke eee 216
STAMIMNES Joo5-0 seedssepenscecaseceess 216, 218
Tatusia novemCincta...........--...-.05- 130
Taxonomy, embryological characters in... 81
eal, BlWe- Win... econ = sins aoimeninee a eiaiins 630
Tecolotillo—Glaucidiam sp.........-..---- 164
MecolotitoamarwlOs- - =n scien ese ee mere 164
Micrathene sp.............-0-.- 165
SSDNA, oleae ee aes eee = eee eanatcisaee 634, 648
lent Dryobates ........---2s...- 117
Peiids of MEXICO = S523 sn an ore eee 195
Telen. «iti tetseeheeee see ce cescecetasas A2S, 429
POLYPHEMG cannon cae aet ees =a pee 430
ORY OG) Rib aasaeeneccecocn Ssce/Iaaue 430
var. ocnlea...........-.. 430
Teleostei, actinotrichia of...... enn calcae nies 72
wdipose Hns'Of ~~~. oo see eas cenau 72
radial development in.......... 74
MampminGkk sees 426 -ee ae eee eee 397, 406
Japanese birds described by. Ae 99
Temnechinus maculatus........ oes Seen 276
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Temnopleurid@® ......--.------------------ 276
Temnopleurus Hardwickii ..----.--.------ 257, 276
ReyDaGdl cc cc= cc cansene <> 257, 276
toreumaticus ....--.......-. 257, 276
Tempestad—Sialia azurea....-..--.--.---- 133
Tennessee basin fish wealth..-....-...-.--- 25
Mapper, Mir <li ea mcieae sae sae see ee ee n= ==- 422
oerebellastellatar--- 1. --.-s5-eecees == - 551
Terebratula meridionalis........-.......-- 250
subexcavata ............----- 251
subtetraédra .-......-..-<.=-- 251
Tern, Bridled........- SERS eon aicisele 632
Nod divgen=neeeriesicemne ce mciseterc= rea 632
RONG GLO Mem cine me mielelererelate eto aeie sei ean 632
INOW ELS 385.505ccc oogcbnosSEEDEESceDoer 632
BT Slee ee elem eeeteieiee eiete = sia alae inlolel a atetem sia tale l= 660
Testudo imbricata .-..-....:-..-.-25.--2-- 197
Tetragonopterus brevoortii.........--.---. 560
pulcher <ee-ceaesemes see = 560 |
teoNiULUS eet see ecesoes 560
unilineatus ....-..--.---. 560
Tetraodon....-- <1 230, 231, 233, S4N, 242, 243, 247
analysis of species of ..........- 243
Baga CU secs oetmsiteseete eset aaeaal 240, 247
CLOUMIZON peepee eelcioe 243, S44, 247
Pah aka sao scetes sce oeecesceee 242
levigatus-.....5..<. Soca ObOuA 247
MNGStUS. o-oo sctcunie cease bes 241, 242, 243
CESTMGINGUBL. <p =o ce eee ee eee 239, 247
Motragd onium ss-4a- cesses swisalsoovoces ce: 605
TOVAGW, OLe Sos eleenieecise eels 230
Tetraonide of Mexico..-....-.-....2...-..- 176
Metrapturus albidus= see sane nw ssnc css. .5- 573
amplasise2-2e<- = -cieee = = 2s 573
Metrodones-scecessecessecS 230, 231, 2338, 241, 242, 243
AMMOCTYPtUS ---. 5... scccc sce coe 246, 247
ANZUSHICEPS-.< one coc ecm een cces 236, 247
ANNI ALIS so ainaice a cieeeteleocieeices 240, 247
CAPISHRONS) sommewulse sie ssiscimie oicisi= 246, 247
CANGACINCENS ja. ccesucseees Hoe 246
(Cheilichthys) pachygaster ...... 235, 247
CHEMHS Ces sesicnmais== ce loacios c=) = 232, 247
TOTIMOSUS ere ale ci ecices se eeetene tees 240, 247
faTrthi>=checnseaorereeepencateoss 236, 247
ST EOMPUTICUS orien nani atl ieee = 240, 247 |
eral dys eo, =)=2cnnse sees ee 240, 247
Wispidus! wari.s554</ss4ceh sated aoe 238
var maculatus...... 238, 239, 247
UO VIGADUS! - waciecme senators essen 232
lapocephaluss. sem eels cee ae 231, 232
Hneolatus sas je heccerak seeks 232. 247, 605
MATMOTALIS seis ne alee sates ae 237, 247
mathematicns: --s..-.oteternbee 232, 247
nephelus)....--cs. << 3A, 237, 238, 247, 605
OlNAtUS sence mses eee 229, 246, 247, 605
OxXyIRYNCHMAS aon e-ees) eae 246, 247
pachycephalus.......<25-20-seos< 232, 247 |
pachygaster ....--. 0055... 2.56-- 235
DPIC eee aes ae eae 237, 238, 247
DOMUNS eee ane ee eee eee 239, 247
PSIUGACUS oe amine ene nsn= eee te 244, 247
punctatissimus ...--.--.--....... 246, 247
punctatus ............ 54, 239, 240, 247, 605
TOLCWIATIS soc -525,seuse esos se = 240
TOStLALUS aoe cesses ces sacs 245, 246, 247
709
Page.
Tetrodon spengleri........-...-.-. 238, 237, 238, 247
testudineus -.-.-.-- rset aaa a 240
annulatus.......-... 240
trichocephalus .........--..-.-.- 236, 247
turgidus ........-. 30, 54, 237, 238, 247, 605
MetrodOnwae = 4-2 42as-sese-seeoa == seas. 233, 241
Of Havana: -<-52 2-2 4-52 s <0 54
PetrodontiNw —-- cece e eee cscs alee cates 230
Meuthigzuccsdeceuests seer eee see ees aecee 48
hepatus) ssaass eee ete we tenia 48
JAWUS) escemseses == oa see=aaee ss 48
Texas fishes ......---ss---------15, 16, 17; 20, 21, 23
takenesssa=.sccase sam eee 1
Tivers poor in fish ---.<coeJcece Soe 25
Thalassidroma monorhis ..----..---------- 656
MhalassomMassssacoaassaadsococes 56, 65, 66, 67, 69
bifasciatum....-. 67, 68, 69, 70, 540, 590
IneasanumM s2-ceues5 2 toaeswact 67, 69, 70
melanochir -2e24--\---=42 67, 6S, 69, 70
DIMGUMssseasees see 67, 6S, 69, 70, 590
purpureus.........--.--------- 66
Thalassophryne maculosa.....--.--------- 598
Thamnophilus doliatus........-.---------- - 156
Thamnophis scalaris.......-.-...------.-- 186
GH CO DLOMAG see sao a ielotelaaia/atar somata aie 610
ThOliGhth YS: =a os ~soe se seeeet ae eee 593
Thominot, M. Alexandre............-.---- 525, 536
APTOS Neca cea eee oats cele late arelotat iota tettor 609, 610
WIAGORE soso cct nz oe daisetale oi cicleisste 611
Thrushes, two European........-----.---- 365
#Chryothorus bairdi ....4..--.2.00----<---- 136
bewickii bairdi .......-.--.-- 136
grenadensis............------ 61
EDT PON erates sae seminctee einai 123, 124
TiChardsiees assesses ssa e os 124
HMYSILER MIE OD aces awincoser seoem=acsosclaec 573
: scholaris...... Daceee ae ene nene 573
Thrysoidea concolor ..... otaaaeeonee ne 565
HaVOpletat ie -seesacisene sci = 566
SiyVavTis PUSWLUS asa = aleeecele = ae sete esl =o 142
Tigrisoma cabanisi...........--.--.------- 170
Tiguerillo—Habia sp.-...-----.----------- 141
Tijereta—Milvulus sp.... .-.-.----------- 155
Tildio—AMgialitis sp......-.-.-..-----.---. 178
Tilmatura duponti..... eee neato wots aetalate 157
SRIMUMC eo eres osc a eae ale elle ale clale mie = 352, 3538, 529
Tinamide of Mexico... -62222- 6 Jacs= cence 189
Tinnunculus sparverius caribbearum..-.. 622
Tifiosa—Caranx lugubris.-.-.........---.-- 36
TEC Oalieeee es coke aS oe reece ee ee 377
Eastern Penduline ...............-..- 387
HOLMOSReee eee ecient ees se eect 375
Va pA eeeeeineeenee meee cee teem ace seas 375
Japanese Long-tailed..........--.-.--- 384
Heaser Mes 3 038 OOH EL. 376
Long-tailedtsscaccscacnseradee eas .-.383, 386
Pendulinoeee-s-e cesses ses see ae = 388, 389
MGS OL Uap AN siete jin cieeeninakice se 374
ityra personatae-----\---\- --ecwcee eae == Reto
Tlacoatzin—Didelphis sp-.--...--..--------- 130
| Tlaconete—Spelerpes sp .-.-.--.---------- 199
Tlacuache—Didelphis sp.....--..--------- 130
Moad-fisht peers wwe suet s bistlec es ccce ahs 238
220
Seas ete eae eee emcee 188, 189
Todos Santos Bay, new Rhinoptera from. .
Toluca lineata
710
Page.
Tonicella marmorea.....0---.Jeosssceecnus 217 |
submarmorea.......---- enn 210, 217
Tordo capitan—Agelaius sp..--...--..---- 151, 152
de ojo amarillo—Scolecophagus sp.. 152
de pecho amarillo—Xanthocephalus
BDits- on sone neeeadaes enna eee ee 152
DIVES VCS: non eaneeene te ems oe seme 152
gallito—Molothrus sp......--.--.--- 151
negro chico—Molothrus sp ---.----- 151
Molothrus sp.......--.......- 151
PRONE | pte cael miniain lone an neal ae 214
Toro—Ostracion tricorne...........-.----- 54
EROIMECURIGHD ean oa wets sins ofa ceeer ala 537
Torpedo bancroftil <<< -<. << 5s. o-oo once 472
brasiliensis) 7 ---6eoaciee= an meee ee 472
OUCIGENTALIS |. a2) ae =e mena center 557
iGoH SS pees oct ie aie amiss 472
PE ONG Wa eee ele ane eet eee meee 102
Tértola comun—Zenaidura sp......------- 174
Tortuga—Cinosternon sp .-....----------- 197
DG CAL Be nasep ew eeeee sees ane 197
Totocalea—Aramideés sp .---....---.----- 177
Potanus flavipes) on -mc-.-eeemanicseeeciee 628
melanolencus/2. 2) nkewenne acer 178, 628
Tourterelle (Zenaida sp.).-.-..-..--.- Ee itate 624
Toxocidaris globulosa......-.---.--------- 274
MUGS eee soe ee eee nee tame 274
Toxopneustes maculatus .............----- 278
pileolns 22 — es <s— nce aeeme 278
semituberculatus ..-.-.-.--- 278
WEPIOPAbNS-o2 Feces aie ais 279
Trachinocephalus brevirostris .....-.....- 34, 563
Trachinotus argenteus, type of..-..---.--- 531
CANONS eee seen ssc ho So ooee 531
cayennensis ---2.-<.52.2<--.- 575
type ot- S245. 531,532
falGabOS eases peepee ses eee sla 575
PIRUCUS w= scm > bene aeece 575 |
OWALOS ee oo aioe telelsieioi sim ciel 531
paitensis, type of...-..--. 531,532 |
mhodopus']../---se-ecess- peer 532, 575
rhonipoides <2 sen sesso asa 575
Trachurops crumenophthalmus......--.-.. 36, 574
PlOMLer: = os6 see eee eee 36
Trachurus picturatus ..........-.........- 574
trachuras: onc 2c. yosseoreswse os 474, 574
Mrachydermon ruber... .)....-<ss24\- S013 210, 217
Trachynotus carolints .......-...-..-..--. 27, 38
ThOdOPUs 4 essa ees eae 38
rhompoides -<5.2- <2 -.cn eee 27,38
SPrachy PEerid De ac ..- nse sce eitn aa ieee 572
Trachypterus trachyurus .......--.......- 572 |
Trachyradsia aleutica..............-.-s2.- 217
SPrerontOrmcewe 2-2 = - Ho seem enemas aes 637, 638, 639 |
permagna, new species ..637, 638, 639 |
BlObONGH 5. eljoz ae ene csocaseeeeoes 639
BOTONIA ee se cee an oe cea gee eeee 637 «
BOTOWUG Sc wicue cence eisyoo as meee 639
TMmAaCantwi dss cas waco. .05 20s cued eeuceaweend 604 |
Mrichidion PlUMIST os <j--5 ale tase waicaomiciets 36
AI CHINTIG SS wie soc owes a oe, sas ewe ee ectewisee 573
Mrichivrns Lophwrme. i oes wom cee eeee = one 27, 573
Trichopicus ..... Serna svcscecsccccuererans= 108
Trichotropis insignis.............--..... 214, 218
BOMDAs Ja eaee nas s genau 214 |
a]
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Mrifarciwig: 3: 2s ictccae=ses taco at sae eee eee 564
Trigla carolina ........ 50, 332, 333, 336, 337, 338, 545
evolans, 2.2). -c2haeeseetanoeenene 336, 338
lineata. Sees cere seeciee a see ea 335, 336, 338
palmipes, o.oo. \aaseeee =e eee eee ee 333, 338
punctata..... daseeee eee ees 50, 332, 338, 545
BiTI Batae oe tome we segee = ses ae ae 335, 338
tribulus).<.: 2-5. seeaes seer eeee-ebe 336
Triglide ......... Siw idae a Seer ee tees ape amon 596, 608
OF Havana: <c-tch cc senn eee 50
Trigonocidaris albida ...2..6cs-22se------- 277
Triguero—Piranga sp ...-..-----+-----+--- 140
Trimorphodon collaris .<:-.....--<-ccs-s=« 184
Tringa himantopus:-.-.5---2---.5-5-sseesen 178
Trinity River fishes taken .-.............. 1,16
mriplechinida---s:: -)o. wceee sce aoe eeee ne 277
Dripsurus 2s5e ea ase on eee a 120
Triquero grande—Aimophila sp ...-.-.--- 145
Trisotropis aguaji-....5.2..2.-.- -.-sescee 40
bonacl >. genes see cee ee 40
PLPRNOUS eases see asco 40
camelopardalis........-..----< 39
eardinalis 2-28 22 s2Setesse. cos 40
MICTOLOPIA pee sas. ae Melee 580
MPLLOSHA Pees aE eee eRe nea ae 40
SLOMIAS | -252-icacossseereeneoe 580
TELGHIAINS~-<.-aeeenseee- === 580
PVIStrAM2|= 5-006 aos niee ane eneee ces 124
Triton cancellatum.-.---.-<os2 teas ce=-=- 213
OLGZONERSG~-5- encase ce ene ace et eee 212
Tritonium cancellatum.............. 212, 213, 244
(Lagena) oregonense....-..---- 213
oregonense .-.-...--. ZA, 213, SUA, 218
SCADOL sad. 7s 5 Meee sees 213
viridulum:® -.52...<ascesseme5ooe 298
Tritonofusus Kroyeri ......-...........--- 218
Trochidz from Labrador.............----- 206
Trochilids of Grenada......-..----.-.---- 619
Mexic0. ::..2scccbeceetca see 156
Trochilus colubris\..-22-,.22:L2/2sthce0cetec= 157
CHUVApPOUNIS es. se see aae eee ee 156
< Gligh sass es ctea-neeeaseneeas 157
fal gens q2ccccwne ne nleee Wen 157
hemilengurus--...ccn~ eee es ene 157
MATL Cacussscecae ee eeemeeeeeias 158
thallassina...-..<.22./seteeee ees 157
Trochus helicinus.--s.-wee see see eeeee 206
(Oxystele) euryostomus.......... 252
Troglodytes brunneicollis.........-..-..-.. 136
obsoleta :.. =:.22:2232 22822 .5- 135
Troglodytide of Grenada..............-.. 611
Moxicocctcsreesesteceen 135
Trogon ambiguus .........---. Seen seaee soe 161
CitLEOlUS ss .o.53s sews eT OE ae 162
Slogana- scp scderere ne eS aeeee nn 162
MOXICANUS, .ccescn He eee ces sees 161
Trogonids of Mexico...--.2-..-.2..5..- . 161
Trompeta—Fistularia tabaccaria.........-. 35
WPOPCR ras ccn = seit taenane ste see re eee 429
VOM asses chs ce bem aes Seas eee cee, 429
Trophon scassescswisesscsvcar eer treeer es 302
calcareas..js.cSsuesee oeene eens 308
COTONGUUS -o cece cma ease anne as 303
crationlatug: so.<.< 24 eeateenweecs 303
Dali; sacs sce ss gases. tpeseeeeie ss 302
ae
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
4
Page.
Trophon edentula ..................2---.-- 308
BOOGLIC Mile eems case miseis emia = sionialaate 303
Wataecctcs oe cmaesseomesen cnc s ee ss« 308
MISGZ Ate eewea sate eta ems sates 303
MUNIICOSUAOUS Ah cces noes cess een 209
MUTI CMUOLMISs sececaee se acesian 302, 303
OLPOCUS ames ener acca ieee ieacs 303
BUUARON sce tee ss eis ste & Srolaosinisio} 303
tennisculptuso-- 46 scsesssscsscce 303
UNCC RCW Seca wiclmj atta a[ataisisiala/s anim aie 215
Brie bw deems seein om <s\sce ee cacseisisls 631
Tropidichthys ...-. Mee eta 3 cae tate py, 245
BRED DCMS erence anlecncin setae osteo 5385
APNIUMOV Saas sacteninaeesmciceree a. 42
Gontatis eA -1c\sacisee ja cases ws 42, 5385
Tropidodipsas fasciata.......-....---..--. 183
Tropidonotus dekayi--..-.-- 22.25. 2..--.-- 187
mesomelanus...........--.- 186
rhompitersos4--ssseecces eee 186
Drae) KS Wi-..-=. PEN ecole sta tate asic ra 129
identified mammals.-.-.......... i27
on Alaskan mammals..-.....-... 221
new genus of moles......--. 97
Dipodomysee asses ssaeoset --- 409
Mrygonides of Havana... .-5-5522.2.252- 3
BERV OMe etait ee watciatec = amen sans see 213, 302, 460, 461
Ene RSH pepe cease seca cee ese eel 454
Tucdn de cuello amarillo.................. 163
‘ DECHOTO Osea ence cele smaecisals 163
MELOce ase siscscsesstscsteoheeacses 163
Turco—Momotus sp---...-...5..--.-c-2-- 160
TOTCIC EB ses oe a taslontacew cs lee sc asiscisisicslee 644
Of Grenadarecseeee- ood acccecccs ve 609
IMIGXI CONS. seein cane oe nSckece ee 131
PRUTGIN GS wiacssccecescssescscccstascecestce 644
Turdusailpestris.--... 365, 366, 368, 369, 370,
371, 373
measurements of......... 372
aonalaschke auduboni............ 131
aNaapOM ees. one aes see ocicecaes 131
GALPTMID BUS soccer ne vee ws sec cece ea 610
HAVANOSULISe crise cca c selena Catala 132
DUA IM ana ta Selal caja mis aesinaisitaceete 132
gymnophthalmus: ---\--5..--.---5-2 610
MICTALOMUS saiee caste seccancecsne 132
MOtACae we ss sea oe cls ose cee cee 136
TAMIL ATU corel ets (= erat ialeisia feel 609
WMICTIPOS GIS tsar ance cites seeacieee eae 646
OcwlO radiates ce -ine we eee ee 59
DATS esas ewer names 370
UNICO kee eee esa aeres seca 131
poly sloltos- 2. --ss-sses-s5-cecs cs. 132
PIOPINGUUS tees ae ee eee 132
torquatus...... 365, 366, 368, 369, 370,
371, 372
measurements of......-.. 372
EEIRGIS! shan asies one cleats esis 131
VITENSo Sen ae su weescee cic sce eas Seale 138
PETIINOM ay WEe Roe Pesos voce oa sce bots ee 205, 297
mollusks Oficescsee s-cesasles 202
PRUYNICOIMED Sl ccc ws coos seaece cesses etcecee 635
FRUINICOMOLPN GS: sccscle canes = oeoccs soos aay 635
Enix DAKIStonisesss-cece ct oct emee te toes 635
Ocellatar so f5).2cosc ccscaciscccecsss 635
PlUNIbIPES iss ss esssteences sess oes 635
|
Page.
ASOT Say TRS ete ele ere ore reiatelosaiele n'e\=i=/0)eie/=/<t== 635
MOS UL e8 ell ya att alates eel lel =| = 635
GAN OO Ry eetelatete e)~ =ia'elealoin'ale\eeiain'e\<i=)= 635
fra tka eraesy wavays ese ee cy A la he 627
Turritellserosaieee cscs escs> cee scones 212
DO LnIA Meee eee pees ie se seat 212
(Trachyrhynchus) erosa.....--. 212
[uza—G COMYSISDDrrmceig= ei seanlsisemetei le <i=)9 129
Twa-oo (Sterna sp.).----..-.--- -.... 632
Tweeddales Words ssn. -icee =5) sees =r 399
PVIOSUTUSS- aaah sas 339, 341, BAZ, 342, 358, 359
acus....b44, 354, £55, 356, 357, 261,
529, 568
almeid'a/---4.- B44, 351, 352, 353, 360
330, 568
AMAZOMICUS o-oo eee ee 343, S49, 360
ardeolaies Wscsccucs spss oes 568
ardeolus) 255 scccseea\l- 343, 349, 560
brasiliensisyiss2seeese<eaeis ee 360
CaNtrainiaeeeeecssehe. 342, 355, 356, 568
|
caribbeus.....26, B45, 355, 356. 337,
361, S29, 568
CLASS USE aeretoe as clone see ee 353
diplotenia......... 343, 348, 360, 568
euryops -.--.. 35, 343, 347, 348, 360
OSG Vasco elses sete 344, 549, 360
LodiatOLsseteses eee oseee 344, 353, 361
galeatusas.--)h-2-o- 342, S34, 561, 568
Cladilsmees cst eoi eee eee ee 353, 354 568
PUIANSHSIS see ay ae eiaeee seer 359
hians...- 26, 35, 341, 345, 357, 358,
861, 565
imperialisyoss.. 2262002 342, 355, 356, 361
measurements of ..-... 3OT
VON EIMANUBS some wsisiae atoeiaaenee 361
LON SITOStTIG=S = =P eee eee nee 351
marinus. ...26, 344, 350, SSH, 352, 353,
360, 529, 530
MICLOPS= sss ssseecls 343, 349, 360, 568.
nominal speciesof..-...--...... 36L
notatus....35, S42, B45, 348, 352, 354,
360, 568
pacificus...............344, 355, 361
raphidoma. ....35, 342, $44, 350, 353,
355, 356, 358, 361, 529, 568
sapittaeevenee won ene 346, 347, 348, 568
SCAPULATIS{e <2. - ssc esee 342, 346, 360
SlOLVIGAR. teen eames teneeeaee ee 349
SPCCiOS) Ofserseneecuamenaee eee 342
subtruncatus..... 3438, 347, 349, 346,
352, 353, 360, 529, 568
stolzmannin- ssc s- 22 344, 349, 360
FRAY TVG AS VOR lr atte ape oie ala la = lamin) are sielaiaicl ste 481,541
; DLOWIB coe oo clsmetaceas SER, S02, 518
SAoi basen eaeaae sacs 314, 512, 518
vphlogobiases eas scree seen cs 477, 481, 510
californiensis......-.. 510, SUB. 518
skeleton of.-... 515
Tyrannide of Grenada.........-...--..-.. 616
IMiGS4 COlste = iscteincieiesherae nies 154
Tyrannula cinerascens8.........-...--..--. 155
MLS CANS eee ete ase\< aan 154
Tyrannus DOLew isi ee ce seca wees ace aa asee 155
COUCHIN HAs son nossccconscenels 155
CUASSITOBUDIB sates secetecie taoene. 155
712
Page.
Tyrannus melancholicus ......------------ 618
couchii.......... 155
var. couchii..... 155
WOSULAUMS Gees seieeeemse a= Seen 618
VOCILOFSDS <es.sieineaa eee esa => 155
U.
NO BU Ge tee Sona cictenenlsie Ron ae eae eke es eals 48, 592
Wlocentra histTio...--. . 222. secacesnnene-- 9
Umbrina broussonneti..-....-.--.--.------ 588
COLOIUGS pee ene see cena =e 588
RC ee rei tee ate 588
type of........-.--..---- 539
martinicensis, type of.----.----- 539
Ungava Bay mollusks .......--.-....------ 202
NO ser ees ate anit ee ne =n eal oan a iecleiainle 252
TG OU eee eae aie intial ena ae oltre 254
PUISCUS «= nos ce ewes asco cnse ne cons es 253
WODURUUS a ames see nel ae net eee lt 253
Upeneoides parvus.....------------------- 586
Upeneus balteatus ....-..--.-.------------ 539, 586
A OMA TEAL LS sonst stale tee tereelatels 539, 586
MACUIATNS Jose es Sweesseeeeeetau 43, 586
THATCH S cscs sane eee eeae ain 43, 586
ty pool. c-ccssesoce- see 539
PATVUS! =. ©. -sen- cc ne en=aee--=--me 939
punctatus .......--.------------- 586
Upsilonphorus y-grecum ..-.-----.------- 28, 598
Upupide of Japan.......---.--------.---- 102
Upupoidee of Japan....-..--------------- 102
Uranichthys brachycephalus...-.---.----- 566
Uranidea richardsoni..-........-.---..----- . 6
Uranomitra cyanocephala......-.--------- 158
Uranoscopida.......---.-----------+------: 598, 608
Uranoscopns occidentalis .-.-.-.---------- 598
Uraspis ..-.------------- 22+ eee eee e eee e 575
Urechinus naresianus......-..------.----- 287
Mia LOM VIR ALED woe ence ces cuue sie niaee ==> 655, 656
troile californica ..-.----.<--..------ .655, 656
Minibaeo- -ca-es see ees ee eeee eer ce =m 585
Urinator adamasii......---..-------------- 655
SECUICUBS -ceoe« 2-0 = eer anes = <= 655
INMMO+ecs = seceabe sSee ease == 655
pacificus ......------------------ 656
septentrionalis ....-------------- 655
Urolophus torpedinus..-...--.------------ 33, 557
Uropsophus triseriatus..---..------------- 191
HURORONUS = osc ea) ee ora nn se cee a eniena states 97, 98
talpoides eo--e---o ees -emee esr 97
measurements of... .. 98
Urraca—Quiscalus sp.---..------------+-- 152
Urside from Alaska...... ----.-.-2------- 221
Wirsus AMeaMeCaANus-— a. -- ceca cecemen cence 22a
cinnamoneus .----...--- 221
Urubitinga anthracina ...............-...- 167
U.S. Coast Survey Echini ................ 255
Fish Commission, Annelids taken by- 547
Onin 3... .0seec0 255
fishes collected for. . 1
National Museum, fishes collected for 1
tei DICAMINAtA cc ccniccs--ccrensanes aie ea 192
Mie
Vaca—Hypoplectrus indigo...........---. 39
Vaguero de huerta—Piaya sp ......-...--- 162
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
Vaguero de monte..... staal seein Sees 168
Vaillant, Dr.) goss <6. i ccceetetebenee paar 39, 525
Valenciennes ............-.. 47, 68, 227, 360, 530, 545
Valoncito—Parus sp) <<... +. -2-22-2--secsen 134
Vampyrops lineata: --<..--assnsemaemere es 128
Vaqueta de dos colores—Holacanthus tri-
COLO on tee coe eninin ae ase eere 48
Eques punctatus --...--...<-.-..- 43
WATS Seats Garcia cia mars let aac eae ema 434
Velutina conica, new species.......--.-..- 305
Cryptespira <<. 22... - 2 cceacesiaae 211, 218
Venerupis potitii.......-.... ieee cole 216
| Venezuela, new birds from. ...........---- 92
Verdin aplomado—Regulus sp......------ 133
calandria—Spinus sp..---..--.---- 149
de antifaz—Geothlypis sp.--..---- 137
cabeza negra—Sylvania sp ..-.- 137
cola amarilla—Dendroica sp..-.. 137
MOO |COLOTAUO! eee cama meee 133
toca amarilla—Dendroica sp. --- 137
ocotero de toca amarilla..........- 137
rayado del sauce ..............-... 136
Verdugo—C yanocitta sp ..----------.----- 152
WMerilassordidugte -<sec a> = eee aera 42, 583
Werrill: (Protein tease sess ar ee eect 210, 216
Echini papers of..-.--.--- 258, 259
Verrugato—Micropogon fournieri..-....-- 44
Vespertilio lucifugus........--....--...-.- 222
perspicillatus -........----.--- 128
Vespertilionidz from Alaska.-....-..--..-. 222
NAGI GIG ope ee se ae sso sssce=- 449
eVERUIPES) CGN EU ss enna == ae ene see eee 80
Viajaca—A stronotus tetracanthus ....-..-.- 48
Vieja—Sparisoma spp.-...-.---.-00------- 47
Walellot ncn ns ce eet so hee Beate cnccseskeene 397
Viking antiquities .-.-.........-.cse-co--- 457, 458
DALLOWS see taee sess eee eee ee 458, 459
GE b ae ana Garitba qeeserosconcee i 458
implements). =e. eee eee 459
kitchen utensils. ...........------- 458
naval architecture °--~ ---5.<=seq= 454
BRIpP/TTAMES oso. - = oan ene ene 454
Gel peescs - seen eee 454
IASb eases oat: 455
PISNKS << cece. cone aenecteseiaetsl 454
TUOOOM oan ae tesa ele eee 455
UT gece Sebege ssoceane SST 458
Vinciguerra, Dr. Decio .......-....--- 225, 340, 342
Vireonide of Grenada........-......----.- 611
WT @XIG0 on lasneatenee = <leeiete 138
Vireosylvia calidris, var. dominicana...... 611
Wiirina /extlts)onemscecmecicmeta semester 217
Vinda—Tibtyra Sp <<cccn=n- on eneemsninsbienas 156
Viverra caudivolvula..-.....---..----0-<-- 128
Vivora azul—Hapsidophrys sp-.-..------- 185
COLDUU Sie en ener pee ee eee eee ee 190
de barriga amarilla .............-.. 183
cabeza de perro ....-.-----.--.- 183
cascabel...---. 55. eae a ee ie 191
Erythrolamprus sp........-------- 187
QUIS ems wa aera ois oe ae ee alee 187
Drymobius sp .......-.--...-- 185
DRTOR soot sae aaa ee 187, 188
Volatinia jacaring.-.-<...02-cc--canee ..142, 615
Volutharpa ampullacea...........- eee. -O5, 218
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page.
BVOLULOPSIS eee teeters ae steele ae eeaiclelom vs 303
NV OLULOPSIUN = eect ees aan eee eee 303, 304
peVomer:dorsalis*ssscrs52 5 ose eee 575
SCuIpINInNIS escee see see sec cee 27, 37, 575
VOMOI SS sass sees eee ede sees occ 5 37
GOI CWE eee Coos bo DSC EDO SEE DOOREDEOE 297
IMPATLONSY Ss ctccssiscseee eee cee tcea cad 297
Voraz—Aprion macrophthalmus.......--. 42
Vulpes fulvus decussatus..............--. 221
Mirlburairabussesc.-ccs co cescoeeeh pes ciss: 168
Dap atest wate esas eee cs ino 169
W.
DVIDOMOL seas cen eam aatscaciaiaa cc Sete as iic.o 409, 410
BWrald en ordi asc ce sceisoes ss eos ccicce 406
Walker Mires isn cenwisjccoc ca wescaceceene 429
S. Z., sent fulgurites..-..-..--.-- 90
pWrallenoreen | Hi-5550.--.06<<-- Reece aesaisoe 201
Washita River, fishes taken ...-......---. 1,10
Ashiww ealune ese. oe. seics 25
Wiaber-birds/of, diapan'.c.e nace see aiels G52
distribution of...... 655
cock: (Gallicrexisp)iesssecnsese 5 oc 404
fowl], Red-head........... assem 629
hen, White-breasted.........-..... 405
pehrns hie sacatoe cece ce seeeeeees aor 611
Wrellsdohn Grant: esccesss= o's caces 618, 623, 62
on Grenaéa birds --.--.- 609
WWiESLOrlUNG NDT acks onscc us cece cece scacias 209, 2
West Indian fishes, supplementary list of. 606
Indies, birds of Grenada. .......--. 609
HSHEREO hoes he ee ecbcs sees ao4
Whales, loss of hind limbs in-.........-.. 80
RWihitelysMir tensa eee spat ass case 114, 115, 660
Japanese birds of.......-..---.. 99
White River, fishes taken ................ 1
region described...--..---.- 1
WWachm ann, Acta eon neice cee ee cejc eee 83
analyzed fulgurites..--..-.... 86
on fulgurites...-.-...... . 85, 87, 88, 91
Withering, William, on fulgurites..-...... 90
WitHeGiesemecteee cee calsvisslassecemccteedeccac 628
Woodhouse Dry SriWitwssac:co-cses ocsece ce 409
Woodpecker, Gould’s.........-...-...-... 112
Gray-headed Green..--..... 106
Greateblack c= -semseescesce 124.
Great Spotted........-.109, 110, 111
Great White-backed......--. 119
Japan Green .....-..----.-- 105
Lesser Spotted ---.--..--..-. 119
PV PMY seem oseveere eae eee o0tte2
White-backed.............- 114, 115
Wesso) Green o-st 7.225.225 106
Woodpeckers, genera of Japanese.-..-..-. 104 |
of Japan. ...........-.99, 102, 104
white-backed, from Japan. 415
Worthen, Miro. scsciassttses seen a aeeenee 12
WWVLOI peace nieee we seaceniee sai eee tasces 611
Wryneck, Japanese .........-...-..--.---. 103
Wirynecksiof Japalsaoss2s cesses tee see 102
WVinrdemann Gustaviecs--occoaeeceeeeec sss 473
X.
Xanthichthys cicatricosus ..-..-.......... 604
RIC OMS caceeeaicese anise sees 604
.
Page,
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.........-. 152
Xanthomus bullockii ..........---..:...:. 150
EAN TH OMNUS seeeterseiaetei nels ciseiceeeaaiataieee 387
Xanthoura lUXUOsa:s-. 5.2 .--sete eesasse 153
Kantus,Captedi. 2202 = scise cease arses os 3 173
ROM asta pes a leialeteiaetateimtete d= tae see 68, 246
Hehini frome lscoe)coe-=i<hiat= See. 256
XGNOPOCEES ss sees odes sed se nienainjos eee’ 243
EXONOPLELUSlssaccisawcen\o cose ne de ee oem ae 231, 243
Xintete—Sceloporus sp .--.-..--.-.--.---- 193
EXiphiasycladiusee- settee eeeteeee ee esse 573
Miphiid Pesos xscssess asses le see ce 573
| Xiphorhynchus flavigaster......--..-..-.. 156
| Xochinauyague—Botbrops sp.-.-..-...--- 190
EXVlOCOPUBi ras 22 sate See ee ee eats 108
| subgenus'!+.-4-mcss scene en aoe 119
PRY LUL EUS) fois Scec sosccwiccieeiscesitowaeceine 108
EXCyT CHEN S\ as secie se neler eee eee 67
lineata. s2 5 s5.ssss<<eclse Scenes 590
Martinicensis’- 5.4. osesi =e 590
types of ....:.... 540
MOGEBLUS) sos eae eae eee 590
USE KOREA S oe eocisheoopececobe 541, 590
LOSIPCSt5= setae we ncce se neces 607
uniocellatus, types of .......-- a4k
VONUSUUSN .<ceeers\oiseisene ete 590
vermiculatus: +.-.+-=.ssss-sse% 590
Vata esac ces se clecie see nee 590
type Of: ..... Sa cec=2ecene 548
WG
PRIN A- CATA assces\semaitelcieeioes sem seeee eee 75
gera—Picus canus jessoensis -....-.. 106
Yankee—Cochlearius sp .........--------- 171
Warrow; Dri © -esccaaseeccuscsaigsececees 26
on Beaufort fishes .---... 25
VatesvDrMinGescase soc tcees sauce eee aoe 460
ie Mellow Bird 5 :.:<j-\:ctscenweacic colncasscomaacene 611, 613
Wellow-legs: Larges -2.---3 sss cesses 628
Small. soot secs ee sce wees 628
Yucatan, new Cyclorhis from.--..........-. 519
AGUNGICOP Ss asec aloe caeeaeela ale acacia eee 120
Manel ICUS == =a seet eae nieenasseeeeee nee 120
IN DAP AM stelle elastase 104
KAZUKI esiceia tee eee er 120, 121, 122
SeobohMiteecac-sceases 120, 121, 122, 123
measurements of.... 123
BV AUT RS eerie cision Sarena ctefelelteetetete 102
jADOMIC Rema aneoemtewmoesectetifese ee 103
Z.
Zambullidor de pico delgado ........-.-.-- 179
SUMCSOla = leet sees 180
Zanate—Quiscalus sp ...---------..-.-.--- 152
Zapatero—Oligoplites saurus..-....-....-. 38
ZXPO—DULOIS Diane seteeeioe mis\oeteiaeis stellate 198
_ Zapodide from Alaska........----.......- 223
ZAR OENIS eeeateeeaeeatss saselceeisemaeeens 396
Zapus hudsonius................------.--- 223
ZATAPICO\PTANAO=isa1-es ans sacncs case ssessk- 178
Zenaida martinicana ...........----- cases 624
EDM PeSaeaistens seals ae stacjenieseer a als 624
ZenaAiduraMaCVOULs..-..<scceccecenecncs 174
Zeus canda Dil0TCs: 3. .-<.526+-ceesns-cose- 37
COANTUUB ose enes ate sje = elas neal eae neemt= 57°
714 ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
Page. Page.
GUS ALIS ganna cenicmiste sian sieemeiae steele Saeel 575 | Zorzal chiquito de cya amarilla .......-..- 145
WOMODsn oss o.csnacicidnae tec asawe se neee 37 de Wom cate s--seenesns eae eeeeeeee 145
MGATCOR EEE Es stnna nines eee enparece eats 542 rayado—Spizella sp.-.-.....-...------ 144
BU SUUIATIA =< -02- aan e eaten eee 29 rosado—Melospiza sp .--..--.------ 144
Zonites (Conulus) chersina, var. egena.... 2O2Z | Zygonectes brachypterus......-..--.---.- 22
PT ene nin cle winle a piecias aioe RaeeTon = 203 GUYVSOUUS- eee) mga mase as oe 527
MIOLLOM wane nnlneeries Hae Ae eal 203 CMP Maths... ens oee sete ae 527,463
PRONOUNS fee eterno sean eneeneiaejae miata 487 CYaviGhl As see ntl eins 527
Zonotrichia melanotis..-.....-...--.------- 145 escambiz, new species....462, 463
MYStACAlS.~-a sen malee ase 143 NPAURNNE ao a= ale leo 527
quinquestriata........-...--.. 143 notains:.------- 5, 8, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21
Zopilote—Catharista sp...-...------------ 168 TO Gielen ete eee 527
CS al seta aoe ater oe ite 169 PRLDUCMA eos eeeee == eae eeeeee 22
Zorzal cerquero—Pyrgisoma sp..--.-.---- 148 MONON eras aie nila aceieaa ae : 527
chiquito de cabeza café.........-..- 144
Fic.
FIG.
FIG.
FIG.
mow =
~
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE Tf.
(For text see pp. 83-91.)
. Fulgurite with wing-like projections.
. Fulgurite from South Carolina, with bulb-like enlargements.
. Cross-section of fulgurite with wing-like projectione.
. Holes made by lightning in a hollow copper globe.
(1886.
7
Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX. 1886.—Merrill. PLATE I.
FULGURITES,
~
fa =A ae
ee ar a ee
yy
BaD
i
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [ls-6. |
EXPLANATION OF PLATE If.
Dryobates namiyeit Stejn. A new species of Japanese bird.
For description see page 116.
Freq. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fie. 5.
Fig. 6
Fie. 7
Fig. 8
Fie. 9
Fie. 10.
Fila. il?
. Aquilonaria turneri Dall, shell 4-1.
. Bela solida Dall, page 301.
. Alvania castanella Dall, page 307.
. Mangilia aleutica Dall, page 299.
. Bela laevigata Dall, page 300.
. Onoba saxatilis Méller, page 306.
. Cingula var. martyni Dall, page 306.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. ~ (1886. |
EXPLANATION OF PLATE OL
Aquilonaria turneri Dall, dentition.
Aguilonaria turneri Dall, animal, 6-1, page 204.
a, line of margin of shell (removed), page 204,
b, anal papilla, page 204.
Velutina conica Dall, page 305.
Onoba aleutica Dall, pago 307.
Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. LX, 1886.—Dall. PLATE IIL
}
>) . =.
phere r ee et or ete allie Shire ayer TL Vege
Fig.
FIG.
FIG.
Fig.
FIG.
Fig.
Fig.
Fic.
Fig.
Qnwnre
©
ot
WIND
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV.
. Bela albrechti Krause, page 300.
. Bela harpa Dall, page 300.
. Bela alaskensis Dall, page 299.
Bela krausei Dall, page 301.
Cerithiopsis var. truncatum Dall page 304.
Trophon muriciformis Dall, page 302.
. Bela sculpturata Dall, page 299.
. Alvania aurivillii, Dall, page 308.
. Alvania castanea, MOller, var. alaskana Dall, page 307.
Fie. 10.
Fie. 11.
Fig. 12.
Cingula var. scipio Dall, page 306.
Macoma middendorffii, Dall, page 308.
Onoba cerinella Dall, page 307.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1886. |
|
PLATE Iv.
.
»
t
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [i8s6.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE V.
Pandarus Cranchii Leach (page 317).
Fig. 1. Female, dorsal view, enlarged 8 diameters. The shaded portions indicate
dark color markings.
Pandarus sinuatus Say (page 310).
Fig. 2. Female, dorsal view, enlarged about 9 diameters. Only the basal portions
of the egg-sacks are shown.
Pandarus Smithii, sp. nv. (page 315).
Fig. 3. Female, dorsal view, enlarged about 9 diameters.
ote PE z > SLE WR ee, eat dee bdon =? 004 Raye - 7 yates SES 7 ‘ - rt
> F s - : ' ‘ ae t 4
y i ~ .
Ee FR: een 3 ewig, ‘ i AS) ,
-. oi t “> \ . ( ap. Sug’ ~ ‘
ry ‘ = 7 i 2 j : ,
* A % \ «
2
6
. Mus., Vol. LX, 1886.— Rathbun.
,
4
oN yD
vn DA HL
at
gs N
oN al
edin
ev
o
=
4
‘ =
a)
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ [1886.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VI.
Pandarus sinuatus Say 9 (page 310).
(Unless otherwise stated, all figures on this plate are from sand-shark specimens. )
Fig.
1
ig. 2
artanst
. Posterior margin of first segment, and dorsal appendages of second, third,
and fourth segments, enlarged 14 diameters; from Mustelus canis.
. Posterior sinus of fifth segment, dorsal caudal plate, and caudal stylet of
one side, enlarged 31 diameters; from Mustelus canis.
. 3. Ventral view of ventral caudal plate, and caudal stylets; the posterior mar-
gin of the dorsal caudal plate is also indicated ; enlarged 22 diameters.
. Anterior antenna, with the adjacent sucking disk, enlarged 52 diameters.
. Posterior antenna, with the adjacent sucking disk, enlarged 52 diameters.
. Rostrum and palpi, enlarged 52 diameters.
. First pair of foot jaws, enlarged 52 diameters.
. Second pair of foot jaws, enlarged 22 diameters.
ss PLATE VI. OR
~
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1886.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VII.
Pandarus ~inuatus Say 2 (page 310).
(Unless otherwise stated, all appendages of this species figured on this plate are
from sand-shark specimens. )
Fig. 1. Swimming foot of first pair, enlarged 52 diameters; from Carcharodon
Atwoodi.
Fig. 2. Swimming foot of first pair, enlarged 29 diameters.
Fig. 3. Swimming foot of second pair, enlarged 22 diameters.
Fig. 4. Swimming foot of third pair, enlarged 22 diameters.
Figs. 5, 6. Swimming feet of fourth pair of two specimens, enlarged 22 diameters.
Fig. 7. Swimming foot of fourth pair, from Carcharodon Atwoodi, enlarged 22
diameters.
Fig. 8. Swimming foot of fourth pair, from Mustelus canis, enlarged 22 diameters.
Pandarus Smithii, sp. p. 9 (page 315).
Fig. 9. Swimming foot of fourth pair, enlarged 22 diameters,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [ 1836,
:
EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII.
Chondracanthus galeritus, sp. n. (page 317).
Fig. 1. Female, dorsal view, and upper half of egg-sacks, enlarged 11 diameters.
Fig. 2. Same specimen, lateral view, with egg-sacks shown in full, enlarged 11
diameters.
. 3. Female, partly contracted specimen, viewed laterally and ventrally, en-
larged 9 diameters.
Fig. 4. Dorsal view of head and thorax of contracted specimen, similar to fig. 3,
showing the manner in which the anterior antennz may be partly with-
drawn on to the ventral surface; enlarged somewhat more than fig. 3.
Fig. 5. Ventrai view of anterior part of head, and of the anterior antennz of
same specimen as fig. 4.
Fig. 6. Male attached to posterior part of body of female, enlarged 52 diameters,
Fig. 7. Male, lateral view, enlarged 147 diameters.
Fi
09
o>
2p
PLATE VIII.
32
©,
{)
Cy
5
ns
o
Te
th
oy
ve Ag
, NO Ry
ny
vil
Ge ni ‘
“ , vk
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX.
Chondracanthus phycidis, sp. n. (page 320).
Fig.
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
.
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Female, dorsal view, enlarged 84 diameters.
Same specimen, ventral view, enlarged 8} diameters.
Same specimen, lateral view, enlarged 8} diameters.
Female, younger specimen, dorsal view, enlarged 144 diameters.
Same specimen, ventral view, enlarged 144 diameters.
Male, lateral view, enlarged 112 diameters.
[18K6,
‘
i Whoa pa eet oe mat Mean OS
ings Nat. Mus., Vv. ol. 1x, 1886.—Rathbun.
io
i> dl
PLATE (xe oe
. rhe a ae
hy ane
re ¥
b Y
~~ y Phy
fo
4 G
i
*
a
‘
Ie
, ¢
Ss
X
‘ i
Ne
is
,
Tw
Sans
oe
iC i
7!
ues
(-
se
;
“
'
‘ ro
ee
Cee
= NS,
Aga
I -
a
a
ree
“Y 5
im
\
'
fy tt
:
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. {1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X.
Chondracanthus galeritus, sp.n. 9 (page 317).
Fig. 1. Posterior antenn, and anterior antenna of one side, enlarged 35 diam-
eters. The shaded portions represent the horny frame-work at the bases
of the posterior antenne.
Figs. 2,3. Tips of the anterior antennz of two specimens, showing the slightly
lobed termination ; enlarged considerably more than fice te
Fig. 4. Posterior antenne of a second specimen, enlarged 35 diameters. The
shaded portions represent the walls of the antennx and horny basal frame-
work, the latter varying greatly in appearance, according to the treat-
ment of the preparation.
Fig. 5. First pair of mouth organs, enlarged 250 diameters.
Fig.6. Second pair of mouth organs, enlarged 125 diameters.
Fig. 7. Thi:d pair of mouth organs, enlarged 125 diameters.
Chondracanthus phycidis, sp.n. 9 (page 320).
Fig. 8. Anterior antenna of one side, enlarged 112 diameters.
Fig. 9. Posterior antenna of one side, enlarged 120 diameters.
Fig. 10. First pair of mouth organs, enlarged 165 diameters,
Fig. 11. Second pair of mouth organs, enlarged 165 diameters.
Fig. 12. Third pair of mouth organs, enlarged 165 diameters.
Fig. 13. Palpus from side of mouth opening, enlarged 165 diameters.
gx 165
Hien
ae
i \-
ta
oa
Sy ey
fi ‘
tet
T py Sips
vy
ee
Aico:
=
ane
roa
.
13
Chondracanthus cottunculi, sp.n.¢ (page 322).
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1856. |
. Dorsal view, enlarged 11 diameters.
. Ventral view, with male attached to caudal segment, enlarged 11 diame-
. Lateral view, enlarged 11 diameters.
. Anterior antenne, basal joints of the second antenne, and horny basal
. Anterior antenna of another specimen, showing an apparent joint near
. Second pair of mouth organs, enlarged 55 diameters.
. Third pair of mouth organs, enlarged 55 diameters.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI.
ters.
frame-work of the latter; enlarged 28 diameters.
the middle (see page 323), and posterior antenna, roughly drawn; en-
larged slightly less than fig. 4.
PLATE XI.
- Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1¢86.—Rathbun.
oO
N
x
Or
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.
Venation of Samia cynthia (page 416).
Venation of Attacus splendidus (apex of primaries) (page 420).
Venation of Attacus cinctus (apex of primaries) (page 421).
Venation of Attacus calleta (page 423).
. Venation of Attacus promethea g (page 423).
. Venation of Attacus promethea 2 (page 423).
. Venation of Aitacus promethea g at tip of primaries.
Venation of Attacus columbia at tip of primaries (page 424),
Venation of Attacus glovert (page 425).
Venation of Attacus ceanothi (page 426).
Venation of Attacus cecropia (page 427).
Venation of Actias luna (page 428).
[1886. q
i|
y
|
fi
\
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ [1886.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.
. Venation of Telea polyphemus (page 429).
. Venation of Saturnia galbina (page 431).
. Venation of Calosaturnia mendocino (page 432).
. Venation of Hyperchiria io (page 434).
. Venation of Hyperchiria pamina (page 436).
. Venation of Coloradia pandora (page 437).
. Antenna of Saturnia galbina § (page 431).
. Antenna of Telea polyphemus 2 (page 429).
. Side view of thorax of Samia cynthia (page 416).
10. Dorsal view of thorax of Samia cynthia (page 416).
11. Side view of thorax of Actias luna (page 428).
12. Head of Actias luna (page 428).
13. Genitalia of f of Saturnia galbina: a, side piece; b, supra-anal plate (page 430).
OOMANAA FS WW
PLATE XIII.
: Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. TX, 1886.—Smith.
ee
~!
oe
©
10.
pt
12.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1886.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV.
. Genitalia of Attacus splendidus g: a, from below; b, from above; e, side piece
detached; d, supra-anal plate (page 420). =
. Genitalia of Attacus calleta ¢: a, side piece from side; b, same from below ; ¢,
supra-anal plate (page 423).
. Genitalia of dttacus promethea ¢: a, side piece from side; b, same from below ;
¢, supra-anal plate (page 423).
. . “2 . : 7 / 7 :
. Genitalia of Atlacus angulifera: a, side piece from below; b, from side (page
424).
. Genitalia of Attacus ceanothi g (gloveri and columbia are exactly the same): a,
side piece from side; ), from above; ¢c, supra-anal plate (page 426).
. Genitalia of Aliacus cecropia g: a, side piece from above; b, same from side; ¢,
supra-anal plate (pave 427).
. Genitalia of detias luna @: a, from below, showing supra-anal plate and side
iece; b, side piece from side (page 428).
’ , } > J
. Genitalia of Telea polyphemus 3: a, half side view from above; b, side view
(page 430).
. Genitalia of Hyperchiria io 3: a, side piece from side; b, supra-anal plate from
side; c, same from above (page 434),
Genitalia of Hyperchiria zephyria g: a, from above; b, from below (page 436).
Genitalia of Coloradia pandora g: a, from above; b, from behind (page 437).
Head of Samia cynthia (page 416).
PLATE XIV.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1886. i}
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XV.
Boat used in the fisheries at Séndmére, Norway, from Egersund, in Lister, round the
North Cape to the frontier of Russia. Described on page 443.
(Drawing made fro ma model in tho U. S. National Museum.)
Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. 1X, 1886.—Boehmer. PLATE XV.
THE SONDMORE BOAT.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1886,
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVI.
Runic stone found in Alskog parish, at Tjingvide, in the southern part of the island
of Gotland, Sweden. Described on page 445.
(From figure in “The Land of the Midnight Sun,” by Paul du Chaillu.)
Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1886.—Boehmer. PLATE XVI.
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RUNIC STONE FROM THE ISLAND OF GOTLAND, SWEDEN.
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PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. _[1886.
:
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII.
Boat-shaped groups in the diocese of Erwahlen, Courland, Russia.
Described on page 447.
(Copied from ‘Q, Grewingk, Die Steinchiffe von Musching,” &c.)
e. i vi ier or “ * e <n a ’ . 4
ceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1286.—Boehmer. ha PLATE XVII.
A. Boat nositions of Erwahlen, Courland.
Position IW-
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B.—Sectional view
Block of Granite. _)
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C.—Stone chests in Boat-positions ILI.
; jj Block of Granite, se _
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BOAT-SHAPED GROUPS IN COURLAND, RUSSIA.
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PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVIII.
Boat found in Nydam Moss, in the Duch
y of Schleswig, Germany,
Described on page 449.
(Drawing as figured by Prof. C. Engelhard.)
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‘Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1886.— Boehmer. PLATE XVIII
THE NYDAM MOSS (SCHLESWIG) BOAT.
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX.
The Gokstad ship found near the town of Sandefjord, west of the mouth of the Kris-.
tiania fjord, Norway.
Described on page 455.
Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1886.—Boehmer. PLATE XIX.
THE GOKSTAD (NORWAY) VIKING BOAT,
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XX.
Protula diomedee Benedict, sp. nov.
Fie. 1. Thoracic uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 2. Abdominal uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fia. 3. Long thoracic setw, enlarged 433 diameters,
Fig. 4. Anterior abdominal setx, enlarged 433 diameters.
Fic. 5. Posterior abdominal sets, enlarged 433 diameters.
Fig. 6. Tube, natural size.
Protula americana McIntosh.
Fic. 7. Anterior uncinus, after McIntosh, enlarged 700 diameters.
Proiula alba Benedict, sp. nov.
Fig. 8. Abdominal uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 9. Anterior abdominal set, enlarged 433 diameters.
Hydroides dianthus Verrill.
Fria. 10. Spine of operculum, showing conical process at base, enlarged 43 diameters.
Hydroides spongicola Benedict, sp. nov.
Fig. 11. Spine of operculum, enlarged 43 diameters.
Fig. 12. Operculum, enlarged.
Hydroides protulicola Benedict, sp. nov.
Fia. 17. Large spine of operculum, showing protuberance on inner base, enlarged
43 diameters.
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- Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1886.—Benedict.
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PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [18
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXI.
Hydroides spongicola Benedict, sp. nov.
Fig. 18. Collar sete, enlarged 325 diameters.
Fig. 14. Abdominal uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fia. 15. Thoracic uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 16. Spatulate sete of abdomen, enlarged 325 diameters.
Hydroides protulicola Benedict, sp. nov.
Fig. 18. Operculum, enlarged.
Fig. 19. Collar sete, enlarged 210 diameters.
Fic. 20. Thoracic uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 21. Abdominal uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 22. Spatulate sete, enlarged 325 diameters.
Fic. 23. Outline of collar, enlarged 37 diameters,
Crucifera Websteri, Benedict sp. nov.
Fia. 24. Disk of operculum, enlarged. +
Fig. 25. Radii, enlarged.
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PLATE XXI.
Mus., Vol. IX, 1886.—Benedict.
Proceedin gs Nat.
by eye
CAN Le bie
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXII.
Crucifera Websteri Benedict, sp. nov.
Fia. 26. Collar set, front view, enlarged 210 diameters,
Fia. 27. Collar setz, side view, enlarged 210 diameters.
Fig. 28. Spatulate setz, enlarged 325 diameters.
Fic. 29. Thoracic uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 30. Abdominal uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Pomatosteygus stellatus Schmarda.
Fia, 32. Operculum and peduncle, enlarged.
Fig. 33. Stellate ends of opercula, enlarged.
Fig. 34. Lower disk of operculum, enlarged.
Fig. 35. Collar setw, enlarged 210 diameters.
Ss ‘
r, - Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1886.—Benedict.
PLATE XXII.
PROCEEDING OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. (1886. —
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIII
Pomatostegus stellatus Schmarda.
Fic. 36. Thoracic uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 37. Abdominal uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Spirobranchus giganteus (Pall.) Morch.
Fig. 38. True outline of disk of operculum, small specimen, enlarged 5 diameters.
Fig. 39. True outline of disk of operculum, large specimen, enlarged 5 diameters.
Fig. 40. Mouth of tube, enlarged 3 diameters.
Fig. 41. Operculum, front view, enlarged.
Fic. 42. Operculum, side view, enlarged.
Spirobranchus incrassatus (Kroyer) Morch.
Fig. 48. True outline of operculum, enlarged 5 diameters.
ee
PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. [1886.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXIV.
Spirobranchus giganteus (Pall.) Morch.
Fig. 43. Straight collar sete, enlarged 210 diameters.
Fig. 44. Bent collar setz, enlarged 210 diameters.
Fig. 45. Thoracic uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 46. Abdominal uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 47. Abdominal set, enlarged 325 diameters.
Spirobranchus incrassatus (Kroyer) Morch.
Fig. 49. Operculum, enlarged.
Spirobranchus dendropoma Morch.
Fig. 57. Abdominal sete, enlarged 325 diameters
Fia.58. Thoracic setx, enlarged 325 diameters.
Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1886.—Benedict. PLATE XXIV.
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PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. _ [1s36.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE XXV.
Spirobranchus dendropoma Morch.
lic. 50. Portion of branchial filament, enlarged.
I'1@.51. Operculum, front view, enlarged.
I'1G.52. Operculum, side view, enlarged.
l'1G.53. Operculum of a large specimen, enlarged.
lic. 54. Collar setw, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig. 55. Thoracie uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
Fig.56. Abdominal uncinus, enlarged 650 diameters.
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Proceedings Nat. Mus., Vol. IX, 1886 —Benedict. PLATE XXV.
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