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M 


mmS: 


€xiiR  Stms.     |to.  III. 
1868 


BERLIN  :  ASHER  &  CO.,  53  MOERENSTRASSE. 

NEW  YORK:  C.  SCRIBNER  &  CO.;    LEYPOLDT  &  HOLT. 

PHILADELPHIA. :  J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  &  CO. 


§0011  0f  dfurtcHHiv 


PfllNTED  AT  WESTMINSTER  ABOUT  1477-8  A.D. 
AND    NOW    REPRINTED, 

WITH  TWO  MS.  COPIES  OF  THE  SAME  TREATISE,  FROM 
THE  ORIEL  MS.  79,  AND  THE  BALLIOL  MS.  354. 


EDITED    BY 


FREDERICK  J.  FURNIVALL,  M.A. 

KDlTOa  OF    'THE   BABEKS   BOOK,  ETC-'  ('.MANNERS  AND  MEALS  IN   OLDEN   TIME'), 
ETC.   ETC. 

[Reprinted  ISSS.]  -^^  I  /       ' 


LONDON : 

PUBLISHED    FOR    THE   EARLY  ENGLISH    TEXT   SOCIETY, 
BY  N.  TRtJBNEE  &  CO.,  GO,  PATERNOSTER  ROW. 

MUCCCLXVIII. 


PR 

e"tc. 


€xttn    StrifB, 
III. 


BUNGAY  :    CLAY   AND   TAYLOR,    PRINTERS,   THE   CHAUCER   PRESS. 


PREFACE. 


Though  no  excuse  can  be  needed  for  including  in  our  Extra 
Series  a  reprint  of  a  unique  Caxton  on  a  most  interesting  subject,  yet 
this  Book  of  Curtesye  from  Hill's  MS.  was  at  first  intended  for  our 
original  series,  I  having  forgotten  lately  that  Caxton  had  written  to 
'  lytyl  lohn,'  though  some  months  back  I  had  entered  the  old 
printer's  book  for  my  second  collection  of  Manners  and  Meals  tracts 
for  the  Society.  After  the  copy  of  Hill — which  Mr  W.  W.  Eang 
kindly  made  for  his  fellow-members — had  gone  to  press,  Mr  HazHtt 
reminded  me  of  the  Caxton,  and  its  first  and  last  lines  in  Mr  Blades's 
admirable  book  showed  that  Hill's  text  was  the  same  as  the  printed 
one.  I  accordingly  went  to  Cambridge  to  copy  it,  and  there,  before 
tea,  Mr  Skeat  showed  me  the  copy  of  The  Vision  of  Pie7's  Ploivman 
which  the  Provost  and  Fellows  of  Oriel  had  been  good  enough  to  lend 
him  for  his  edition  of  'Text  B.'  Having  enjoyed  the  vellum  Vision, 
I  turned  to  the  paper  leaves  at  its  end,  and  what  should  they  contain 
but  an  earlier  and  better  version  of  the  Caxton  that  I  had  just  copied 
part  ofl '  I  drank  seven  cups  of  tea,  and  eat  five  or  six  large  slices  of  bread 
and  butter,  in  honour  of  the  event ;  ^  and  Mr  Skeat,  with  his  never- 

1  Mr  Bradshaw  was  kind  enough  to  copy  the  rest,  and  to  read  the  -hole  of  the 
proof  with  Caxton's  original. 

2  I  must  be  excused  for  not  having  found  the  poem  before,  as  it  is  not  in  the 
Index  to  Mr  Coxe's  Catalogue.  In  the  body  of  the  work  it  is  entered  as  "  A  father's 
advice  to  his  son ;  with  instructions  for  his  beliaviour  as  a  king's  or  nobleman's 
page.    ff.  88,  89,  78.     Beg. 

Kepeth  clene  and  leseth  not  yourc  gere." 


Tl  THE    ORIEL    TEXT    THE    BEST. 

failing  kindness,  undertook  to  copy  and  edit  the  Oriel  text  for  the 
Society.  With  three  texts,  therefore,  in  hand,  1  could  not  well  stick 
thcni  at  the  end  of  the  Postscript  to  the  Bahees  Booh,  &c.,i  and  as  I 
■wanted  Caxton's  name  to  tliis  Book  of  Curtesye  to  distinguish  it  from 
■what  has  long  been  to  me  The  Book  of  Courtesy, — that  from  tJie 
Sloane  J\IS.  1986,  edited  by  Mr  Halliwell  for  the  Percy  Society,  and 
by  me  for  our  ovfw  E.  E.  T.  S. — and  as  also  Caxton's  name  is  one  '  to 
conjure  withal,'  I  have,  Avith  our  Committee's  leave,  made  this  little 
volume  an  Extra  Series  one,  and  called  it  Caxton's,  though  liis  text 
is  not  so  good  as  that  of  the  Oriel  MS. 

On  this  latter  point  Mr  Skeat  writes  : 

"  The  Oriel  copy  is  evidently  the  best.  ISoi  only  does  it  give 
better  readings,  but  the  lines,  as  a  rule,  run  more  smoothly ;  and  it 
has  an  extra  stanza.  This  stanza,  which  is  marked  54,  occurs 
between  stanzas  53  and  54  of  the  other  copies,  and  is  of  some  interest 
and  importance.  It  shows  that  Lid  gate's  pupil,  put  in  mind  of 
Lidgate's  style  by  the  very  mention  of  his  name,  introduces  a  ballad 
of  three  stanzas,  in  which  every  stanza  has  a  burden  after  the  Lidgate 
manner.  The  recurrence  of  this  burden  no  doubt  caused  copyists  to 
lose  their  place,  and  so  the  stanza  came  to  be  omitted  in  other  copies. 
Its  omission,  however,  spoils  the  ballad.  Both  it  and  the  curious 
lines  in  Piers  Ploughmans  Crede, 

Por  aungells  and  arcangells  •  all  fei  whijt  vsej) 
And  alle  aldermen  •  fat  ben  ante  tronum, 
i.  e.  all  the  elders  before  the  throne,  allude  to  Rev.  iv.  10.     This  Crede 
passage  has  special  reference  to  the  Carmelites  or  WTiite  Friars. 

"  The  first  two  leaves  of  the  Oriel  copy  are  misplaced  inside  out  at 

the  end ;    but  this  is  not  the  only  misarrangement.     The  poem  has 

evidently  been  copied  into  this  MS.  from  an  older  copy  having  a  leaf 

capable  of  containing  six  stanzas  at  a  time  ;  which  leaves  were  out  of 

order.     Hence  the  poem  in  the  Oriel  MS.  is  written  in  the  following 

order,   as  now  bound  up.   Stanzas  11  (1.   5)— 18,  25 — 30,  37 — 42, 

19—24,  49—54,  31—36,  43—48,  55—76,  8—11  (1.  4),  4  (1.  5)— 7, 

1—4  (1.  4)." 

'  The  Treatises  in  The  Bahees  BooJc,  &c.,  and  the  Index  at  the  end,  slioidd  be 
consulted  for  parallel  and  illustrative  passages  to  those  in  Caxton's  text. 


THE    ORIEL    TEXT    THE    BEST.  Vll 

As  an  instance  of  a  word  improved  by  tlie  Oriel  text,  may  be 
cited  the  '  brecheles  ieste'  of  Caxton's  and  Hill's  texts,  1.  6G,  and 
1.  300, 

ffor  trustc  ye  well  ye  shall  you  not  excuse 
fifrom  hrecheles  feste,  &  I  may  you  espye 
Playenge  at  any  game  of  rehawdrye. — Hill,  1.  299 — 301. 

Could  it  be  'profitless,'  from  A. -Sax.  hrcc,  gain,  profit;  or  ' breechless,' 
a  feast  of  birch  for  the  boy  with  his  breeches  off  ]  The  latter  was 
evidently  meant,  but  it  was  a  forced  construction.  The  Oriel  hi/rcheley 
set  matters  right  at  once. 

Another  passage  I  cannot  feel  sure  is  set  at  rest  by  the  Oriel  text. 
Hill's  and  Caxton's  texts,  when  describing  the  ill-mannered  servant 
whose  ways  are  to  be  avoided,  say  of  him,  as  to  his  hair,  that  he  is 

Absolon  with  disheveled  heres  smale, 
lyke  to  a  prysoner  of  saynt  Malowes,' 
a  sonny  biisshe  able  to  the  galowes. — Hill,  1.  462. 

For  the  last  line  the  Oriel  MS.  reads, 

a  sonny  bush  myght  cause  hym  to  goo  louse, 

and  Mr  Skeat  says, — "This  is  clearly  the  right  reading,  of  which 
galoioes  is  an  unmeaning  corruption.  The  poet  is  speaking  of  the 
dirty  state  of  a  bad  and  ill-behaved  servant.  He  is  as  dirty  as  a  man 
come  out  of  St  Malo's  prison  ;  a  sunny  bush  would  cause  him  to  go 
and  free  himself  from  minute  attendants.  A  '  sunny  bush'  probably 
means  no  more  than  a  warm  nook,  inviting  one  to  rest,  or  to  such 
quiet  pursuits  as  the  one  indicated.  That  this  is  really  the  reading 
is  shown  by  the  next  stanza,  wherein  the  poet  apologizes  for  having 
spoken  too  bluntly ;  he  ought  to  have  spoken  of  such  a  chase  by 
saying  that  he  goes  a-hawldng  or  a-hunting.  Such  was  the  right 
euphemism  required  by  '  norture.'  " 

If  this  is  the  meaning,  we  may  compare  with  it  the  old  poet's 
reproof  to  the  proud  man  : 

'  An  allusion  to  the  strong  castle  built  at  St  Malo's  by  Anne,  Duchess  of 
Brctayne. — Dycc. 


nil  THE    PARASITES    OF    EARLY    ENGLISHMEN. 

Man,  of  \)i  scliiiltli'es  and  of  ]ji  siile 
J)ou  mi3te  liunti  luse  and  flee  : 
of  such  a  park  i  ne  liold  no  pride  ; 
pe  dere  nis  nau^te  fat  Jjou  mighte  sle. 

Earlff  English  Poems,  ed.  F.  J.  F.,  1862,  p.  1,  1.  5. 

and  remember  that  one  of  the  blessings  of  the  early  Paradisaical 
Land  of  Cohaygne  is  : 

Ms  Jjer  flei,  fle,  no  lowse. 

In  clof,  in  tonne,  bed,  no  house. 

Ih.,  p.  157, 1.  37-8. 

We  may  also  compare  the  following  extract  about  Homer's  death 
from  "  Pleasant  and  DelightfuU  Dialogues  in  Spanish  and  English  : 
Profitable  to  the  Learner,  and  not  vnpleasant  to  any  other  Reader. 
By  John  Minsheu,  Professor  of  Languages  in  London.  1623,"  p.  47. 

"F . . .  a  foole  with  his  foolishnesse  framed  in  his  owne  imagination 
may  giue  to  a  hundred  wise  men  matter  to  picke  out. 

"I,  So  it  hapned  to  the  Poet  Homer,  that  as  he  was  with  ao-e 
blinds,  and  went  walking  by  the  sea  shoare,  &  heard  certaine 
Fishermen  talking,  that  at  that  time  were  a  lowsing  themselues,  and 
as  he  asked  them,  what  fish  they  caught,  they  vnderstanding  that  he 
had  meant  their  lice,  they  answered,  Those  that  we  '  haue,  we  seeke 
for,  and  those  that  we  ^  haue  not  wee  finde,  but  as  the  good  Homer 
could  not  see  what  they  did,  and  for  this  cause  could  not  vnderstand 
the  riddle,  it  did  so  grieue  his  vnderstanding  to  obtaine  the  secret  of 
this  matter,  which  was  a  sufficient  griefe  to  cause  his  death." 

But  the  subject  is  not  a  very  pleasant  one  for  discussion,  though 
the  occupation  alluded  to  in  the  Oriel  Text  must  have  been  one  of 
the  pastimes  of  many  people  in  Early  England. 

The  book  itself,  Lijtill  Johan,  is  by  a  disciple  of  Lydgate's — see 
1.  366,  p.  36-7 — and  contains,  besides,  the  usual  directions  how  to 
dress,  how  to  behave  in  chxu'ch,  at  meals,  and  Avhen  serving  at  table, 
a  wise  man's  advice  on  the  books  his  little  Jack  should  read,  the 
best  English  poets, — then  Gower,  Chaucer,  Occleve,  and  Lydgate, — 
not  the  Catechism  and  Latin  Grammar.  It  was  very  pleasant  to  come 

^  i.  Haue  in  their  rlotlip=!,  i.  lice.  *  j,  Haue  not  in  hand. 


THE    PRAISE    OF    CHAUCER    AND    LYDGATE.  IX 

off  the  directions  not  to  conveye  spetell  over  the  table,  or  burnish 
one's  bones  -with  one's  teeth,  to  the  biu'st  of  enthusiasm  -with  which 
the  writer  speaks  of  our  old  poets.  He  evidently  believed  in  them 
with  all  his  heart ;  and  it  would  have  been  a  good  thing  for  England 
if  our  educators  since  had  followed  his  example.  If  the  time  wasted, 
abnost,  in  Latin  and  Greek  by  so  many  middle-class  boys,  had  been 
given  to  Milton  and  Shakspere,  Chaucer  and  Langland,  with  a  fit 
amount  of  natural  science,  we  should  have  been  a  nobler  nation 
now  than  we  are.  There  is  no  more  promising  sign  of  the  times  than 
the  increased  attention  paid  to  English  in  education  now. 

But  to  return  to  our  author.     He  gives  Chaucer  the  poet's  highest 
gift,  Imagmation,  in  these  words, 

what  ever  to  say  he  toke  in  his  entente, 
his  langage  was  so  fayer  &  pertynante, 

yt  semeth  vnto  manys  heryng 

not  only  the  ivorde,  hut  venjly  the  thyng.  (1.  343.) 

And  though  the  writer  has  the  bad  taste  to  praise  Lydgate  more  than 
Chaucer,  yet  we  may  put  this  down  to  his  love  for  his  old  master, 
and  may  rest  assured  that  though  the  cantankerous  Ritson  calls  the 
Bury  schoolmaster  a  '  driveling  monk,'  yet  the  larking  schoolboy  who 
robbed  orchards,  played  truant,  and  generally  raised  the  devil  in  his 
early  days  {Forewords  to  Bahees  Bool;  p.  xliv.),  retained  in  later  years 
many  of  the  qualities  that  draw  to  a  man  the  boy's  bright  heart,  the 
disciple's  fond  regret.     We  too  will  therefore  hope  that  old  Lydgate's 

sowle  be  gon 
(To)  the  sterred  paleys  above  the  dappled  skye, 
Ther  to  syng  Sancfus  iusessavntly 

Emonge  the  mvses  nyne  celestj-^all. 

Before  the  hyeste  lubyter  of  all.  (1.  381-5.) 

In  old  age  the  present  poem  was  composed  (st.  60,  p.  42-3)  ;  '  a 
lytill  newe  Instruc'cion '  to  a  lytle  childe,  to  remove  him  from  vice 
&  make  him  follow  virtue.  At  his  riper  age  our  author  promises 
his  boy  the  surplusage  of  the  treatise  (st.  74,  p.  50-1);  and  if  a  copy 
of  it  exists,  I  hope  it  will  soon  fall  in  our  way  and  get  into  type,  for 
'the  more  the  merrier'  of  these  peeps  into  old  boy-life. 


X  SOME    QUESTIONS    OF    GRAMMAR. 

On  one  of  the  grammatical  forms  of  tlie  Oriel  MS.,  Mr  Skeat 
writes : 

"It  is  curious  to  observe  the  forms  of  the  imperative  mood  plural 
which  occur  so  frequently  throughout  the  poem  in  the  Oriel  copy.  The 
forms  ending  in  -eth  are  about  31  in  number,  of  which  17  are  of 
French,  and  14  of  A.S.  origin.  The  words  in  which  the  ending  -etli 
is  dropped  are  42,  of  Avhich  18  are  of  French,  and  24  of  A.S.  origin. 
The  three  following  French  words  take  both  forms  ;  avyse  or  avyseth, 
awcujte  or  aioayteth,  wayte  or  vmyteth  ;  and  the  five  following  A.S. 
words,  he  or  beth,  kepe  or  kepeth,  knele  or  kneJyth,  loke  or  loketh, 
make  or  inaketh.  Thus  the  poet  makes  use,  on  the  whole,  of  one 
form  almost  as  often  as  the  other  (that  is,  supposing  the  scribe  to 
have  copied  correctly),  and  he  no  doubt  consulted  Ms  convenience  in 
taking  that  one  which  suited  the  line  best.  It  is  an  instance  of  what 
followed  in  almost  every  case  of  naturalization,  that  A.S.  inflections 
were  added  to  the  French  words  quite  as  freely  as  to  those  of  native 
origin.  Both  the  -eth  and  -e  forms  are  commonly  used  without  the 
word  ye,  though  Be  ye  occurs  in  1.  58.  In  the  phrase  avise  you  (1. 
78),  you  is  in  the  accusative." 

Commenting  also  on  1.  71  of  Caxton  and  Hill,  Mr  Skeat  notices 
how  they  have  individualised  the  general  '  child '  of  the  earlier  Oriel 
text : 

"71.  Here  we  find  cMId  riming  to  mylde.  In  most  other  places 
it  is  Jolian.  The  rime  shows  that  the  reading  child  is  right,  and 
Johan  is  a  later  adaptation.  The  Oriel  MS.  never  uses  the  word 
Jolian  at  all ;  it  is  always  child." 

I  may  remark  also,  that  on  the  question  lately  raised  by  Mr 
Bradshaw,  '  who  before  Hampole,'  or  after  him,  used  you  for  the 
nominative  as  well  as  the  correct  ye,^  Hill  uses  both  you  and  ye,  see 
1.  47,  51,  52,  &c.,  though  so  far  as  a  hasty  search  shoAvs,  Lj^dgate,  in 
his  Minor  Poems  at  least,  uses  ye  only,  as  do  Lord  Berners  in  his 
Arthur  of  Lytil  Brytayne,  ab.  1530,  the  Ormulum,  Ancren  Eiwle, 
Genesis  and  Exodus,  William  of  Palerne,  Alliterative  Poems,  Early 
Metrical  Homilies,  &c.^ 

'  Pricke  of  Conscience,  p.  127,  1.  4659  ;  and  p.  xvii. 

'  Mr  Skeat  holds  that  iu  the  various  readiua;  3.5(0  drieih  from  the  Univ.  Coll. 


DETAILS    AS    TO    PRINTING    AND    TEXT.  XI 

The  final  d,  /,  t,  of  Hill's  MS.,  often  have  a  tag  to  them.  As  they 
sometimes  occur  in  places  where  I  judge  they  must  mean  nothing,  I 
have  neglected  them  all.  Every  final  II  has  a  line  through  it,  which 
may  mean  e.  ^Nearly  eveiy  final  n  and  m  has  a  curly  tail  or  line 
over  it.  This  is  printed  e  or  n,  though  no  doubt  the  tail  and  line 
have  often  no  value  at  all.  The  curls  to  the  rs  are  printed  e,  because 
tlier  with  the  curly  r,  in  1.  521,  Hill,  rimes  to  ivhere  of  1.  519. 

At  the  end  of  Caxton's  final  d  and  g  is  occasionally  a  crook-backed 
line,  something  between  the  line  of  beauty  and  the  ordinary  knocker. 
This  no  doubt  represents  the  final  e  of  MSS.,  and  is  so  printed,  as 
Mr  Childs  has  not  the  knocker  in  the  fount  of  type  that  he  uses  for 
the  Society's  work.  Caxton's  n  stands  for  un  in  the  -aunce,  -aunte,  of 
words  from  the  French.  No  stops  or  inverted  commas  have  been  put 
to  Caxton's  text  here,  but  the  stanzas  and  lines  have  been  numbered, 
and  side-notes  added. 

"  The  Book  of  Curtesye"  says  Mr  Bradshaw,  "  is  known  from  three 
early  editions.  The  first,  without  any  imprint,  but  printed  at  West- 
minster by  Caxton  ab.  1477-78,'  the  only  known  copy  of  Avhich  is 
here  reproduced.  The  second  (with  the  colojDhon  'Here  endeth  a  lytyll 
treatyse  called  the  booke  of  Curtesye  or  lytyll  John.  Emprynted  atte 
Westmoster ')  is  only  known  from  a  printer's  proof  of  two  pages  ^  pre- 
served among  the  Doiice  fragments  in  the  Bodleian.  It  must  have 
been  printed  by  Wynkin  de  Worde  in  Caxton's  house  ab.  1492.  In 
the  third  edition  it  was  reprinted  at  the  end  of  the  Stans  piLer  ad 
Mensam  by  Wynkin  de  Worde  ab.  1501-1510.  The  Cambridge  copy 
is  the  only  one  known  to  remain  of  this  edition." 

I  have  no  more  to  say :  but,  readers,  remember  this  coining  Xew 
Year  to  do  more  than  last  for  what  Dr  Stratmann  calls  "the  dear 
Old  English."     Think  of  Chaucer  when  his  glad  spring  comes,  and 

Oxford  MS.  (of  the  early  part  of  the  loth  century)  to  the  Vernon  MS.  ]pnu  drulyst, 
1.  25,  Passus  1,  of  the  Vision  of  Piers  Plowman,  the  30W  is  an  accusative,  "  exactly 
equivalent  to  the  Gothic  in  the  following  passage — '  hwana  Jjaursjai,  gaggai  du 
mis,  i.  e.  ivhojn  it  may  thirst,  let  him  come  to  me.'  John  vii,  37.  I  conclude  that 
^ow  is  accusative,  not  dative.  The  same  construction  occurs  in  German  constantly, 
"■  es  dnrstet  mich  '  =  it  thirsts  me,  I  thirst." 

'  In  his  type  No.  2,  Blades,  ii.  G3. 

2  In  Caxton's  type  No.  5,  Blades,  ii.  23-5  (not  253  as  in  Index). 


xii  THE    PRAISE    OF    CHAUCER    AND    LYDGATE. 

every  day  besides  ;  forget  not  Langland  or  any  of  our  early  men  : 

rejiorte 
&  revyue  tM  lawde  of  the^/i  that  were 
famovs  i«'  owre  langage,  these  faders  dere, 
whos  sowles  in  blis,  god  eternall  avaunce, 
thvii  lysten  so  ^  owre  langage  to  enhavnce  ! 

{Hill,  1.  430-4.) 

3,  St  Georges  Square,  N. W. 
15  Dec,  1867. 


1  Founders  of,  Orid  MS.  -  some,  Hill;  so,  Oriel. 


Clje  §00h  d  €mttB^L 


[From  the  Oriel  MS.  Ixxix.] 

T  ytle  childe,  sytheii  youre  tendi'e  infancie 
■^  Stondeth  as  yett  vndir  yndyff[e]rence, 

To  vice  or  vertu  to  moven  '  or  Applie,  3  '  ms.  morven. 

And  in  suche  Age  ther  is  no  prouide/zce, 
Ne  conienly  no  sadde  intelligence, 

But  ryght  as  wax  receyueth  prints  and  figure, 
So  chylder  ben  disposed  of  nature, 

[2] 
TTice  or  vertu  to  Folowe  and  ympresse 

'  In  mynde ;  and  therfore,  to  stere  and  remeve 
You  from  vice,  and  to  vertu  thou^  dresse,  10  ^  nead  you. 

That  on  to  folow,  and  the  other  to  eschews, 
I  haue  devysed  you  this  lytill  newe 
Instrucczon  according  to  youre  age, 
Playne  in  sentence,  but  playner  in  langage.  14 


(Richard  HilVs  Com7nonplaee  Book,  or  Balliol  MS.  354,  ffi  G  Ix.) 
Here  begynnyth  lytitt  lohan. 

.Liytett  lohan,  sith  yowr  tendere  enfancye  luuvsTtxi.] 

Stondyth  as  yet  vndere  Indyfference 
To  yyce  or  vertu  to  mevyn  or  applie, 
4       &  in  suche  age  ther  •  ys  no  provydence, 
'Ne  come?dy  no  sage  Intelygence, 
But  as  wax  receyvith  prjoat  or  fygure, 
So  chyldren  bene  disposed  of  nature 

*  The  th  is  the  same  as  the  y. 


[f|e  §ook  of  Cttttes^eJ 

[Caxton's  Text.] 

[1] 
1      ytyl  lolin  syth  your  tendre  enfancye 
Stondeth  as  yet  vuder  /  in  difference 
To  vice  or  vertu  to  meuyu  or  applye 
And  in  suche  age  ther  is  no  prouidence 
Ne  comenly  no  sade  Intelligence 
But  as  waxe  resseyueth  prynte  or  figure 
So  children  ben  disposide  of  nature 

[2] 

Vyce  or  vertue  to  folowe  ande  enpresse 
In  mynde  /  ande  therfore  /  to  styre  &  remeue 
You  from  vice  /  ande  to  vertue  addresse 
That  one  to  folowe  /  and  that  other  teschewe 
I  haue  deuysed  you  /  this  lytyl  newe 
Instrucc/on  /  acordynge  vnto  your  age 
Playne  in  sentence  /  but  playner  in  la/igage 


[Leuf  1  a.] 
As  Infancy  is 
indifferent 
whether  it  folKnvs 
vice  or  virtue. 


I  have  written 
tliis  new  treatise 
to  draw  you  from 
1  f\   vice,  and  turn  jou 
to  virtue. 


14 


8  ^  Vyce  or  vertu  to  folowe,  &  enpresse 

In  mynde  ;  &  theriox  to  styre  &  remeve 
you  frome  vice,  &  to  vertu  addresse, 
That  on  to  folow,  &  thai  other  to  eschewe, 
12       I  haue  devysed  you  this  lytitt  newe 

Instrucc^on  '  accordyng  vnto  youx  age, 
playn  In  sentence,  but  playnore  In  langage. 

*  The  mark  of  contraction  is  over  the  n  :  t.  i.  the  n  has  its  tail 
curled  over  its  back  like  a  do^'s. 


[HilVs  Text.] 


THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 


17 


21 


[3] 
rTaketh  hede  tlierfore  and  lierkyn  what  I  say, 
■'■  Aiid  yeueth  therto  hooly  youre  aduertence, 
Lette  not  youre  eye  be  here  and  youre  hert  away, 
But  yeueth  herto  youre  besy  diligence. 
And  ley  aparte  alle  wantawne  insolence, 
Lern}i,h  to  be  vertues  and  Avell  thewid  ; 
Who  wolle  not  lere,  nedely  must  be  lewid. 

[4] 
A  fore  all  thyng,  fyrst  and  principally, 
■^^  In  the  morowe  when  ye '  shall  vppe  ryse, 
To  wyrship  god  haue  in  youre  memorie  ; 

Wyth  cristis  crosse  loke  ye  blesse  you  thriese, 
Youre  pater-nosteir  seyth  in  devoute  wyse, 
Aue  maria  wyth  the  boly  crede, 
Than  alle  the  after  the  bettir  may  ye  spede. 

[5] 
A  nd  while  ye  be  Abouten  honestely 
■^^  To  dresse  yoiu'e-self  and  don  on  yoiu'e  aray, 
Wyth  youre  felawe  well  and  tretably 
Ovire  lady  matens  Avyseth  that  you  say, 
And  this  obseruaunce  vseth  euery  day, 

Wyth  prime  and  owns,  and  wythouten  drede 
The  blyssed  lady  woll  graunte  you  youre  mede.    35 


24 


28 


31 


^  Take  hede  theriov,  &  harken  what  I  saye, 
16       &  geve  therto  yo'svre  good  advertence, 

lette  not  jour  ere  be  here,  &  joux  herte  awaye, 
But  pute  you  therto  besy  delygence, 
Laying  a-parte  aft  wanton  Insolence, 
20         lernyd  to  be  ve?'tuvs  &  weft  thewed ; 

who  wift  not  lerne,  nedely  he  must  be  lewed. 

"H  Afore  aft  thjaig,  &  pryncypally 
In  the  mornyng  wha?i  ye  vp  ryse, 
24     To  worship  god  haue  in  memory  ; 

with  crystw  crosse  loke  ye  blesse  ye  thryse, 


[Hills  Text.] 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


Take  hede  therfore  /  and  herkne  what  I  saye 

Ande  gyue  therto  /  your  goode  aduertence 

Lete  not  your  ere  be  here  &  your  herte  awaye  1 7 

But  put  ye  therto  /  besy  diligence 

Leynge  aparte  al  ■\vanto^^^l  Insolence 

Lerneth  to  be  vertuous  /  and  wel  thewede 

Who  wil  not  lerne  /  nedely  he  must  be  lewed  21 

Afore  alle  thinge  /  ande  lirincipally 

In  the  morenynge  /  whan  ye  vp  rise 

To  worshipe  gode  /  haue  in  memorie  24 

With  crystes  crosse  /  loke  ye  blesse  you  thrise 

Your  pater  noster  /  saye  in  deuoute  wyse 

Aue  maria  /  with  the  holy  crede 

Thenne  alle  the  day  /  the  better  shal  ye  spede  28 

And  while  that  ye  be  aboute  honestly 

To  dresse  your  self  /  &  do  on  your  araye 

With  your  felawe  /  wel  and  tretably  31 

Cure  lady  matyns  /  loke  that  ye  saye 

Ande  this  obseruaiice  /  vse  ye  every  daye 

With  pryme  and  ouris  /  withouten  drede 

The  blesside  lady  /  wil  qiiyte  you  your  mede  35 


Attend  theret'orn 
to  what  r  sav. 


Learn  good 
manners. 


[Leaf  16.] 
On  rising. 


cross  yourself, 

saj"  your  Pater 
Noster,  Ave,  and 
Creed. 


While  dressing, 


say  our  Lady's 
.Matins, 


Prime,  and 
Hours. 


your  patere  noster*  say  in  devoute  wyse, 
Aue  niaria  /  with  the  holy  crede  ; 
28         There  alt  the  day  the  better-  shall  ye  spede. 

^  And  while  ye  dresse  yo?/r  selfe,  honestly 
To  dresse  jouv  selfe  &  do  on  jour  araye, 
with  JOUV  felowe  wetl"  &  tretably 
32       Owre  lady  matens  loke  f?iat  you  say  ; 
And  this  observance  vse  ye  euery  day, 
with  pryme  &  owers  wM-owt  drede. 
the  blessyd  lady  wilt  quyte  you  yo^^r  mede. 


imU's  Text.] 


6  THE    OUIKL    TKXT. 

[6] 

T/'embe  yoiu'e  liede  and  loke  ye  kope  lilt  clenc, 
-■-*•  Youre  eris  twayiie  suffre  not  foule  to  be ; 
In  youre  visage  wayteth  no  spotte  be  sene,  38 

Purge  youre  nase,  let  hit  not  combred  be 
Wyth  foide  matiers  Ayenst  all  oneste, 

But  wyth  bare  hande  no  matier  from  hit  feche, 
For  that  is  a  foule  and  an  vncurtays  teche.  42 

[7] 

"youre  handes  wassheth,  that  is  an  holsoni  thyng, 
-*-  Youre  nayles  loke  they  be  not  geet  blake, 
Suffre  hem  not  to  ben  ouer  long  growyng  ;  45 

To  youre  aray  good  hede  I  warne  you  take, 
That  manerly  ye  seet  hit  vp  and  make, 

Youre   hode,   youre   gowne,   youre  hose,   and  eke 

youre  scho, 
"Wyth  all  array  longyng  youre  body  to.  49 

[8] 
T/'epeth  clene  and  leseth  not  youre  gere, 
■'-*-  And  or  ye  passen  oute  of  youre  loggyng, 
Euery  garment  that  ye  schulle  vppon  you  were,  52 

Awayteth  welle  that  hit  be  so  syttyng 
As  to  youre  degre  semeth  moost  on  accordyng  ; 
Than  woll  men  sey,  '  for  soth  this  childe  is  he 
That  is  well  taught  and  loueth  honeste.'  56 

36  ^  Kembe  jouv  hede,  &  loke  you  kepe  yt  clene ;  imu's  Textj 

jouT  eres  twayn  suffre  not  fowle  to  be  ;  [ffl  c  ix  iiack] 

In  JOUV  wysage  loke  no  spote  be  sene  ; 
purge  yo«r  nose  ;  lett  no  ma?i  in  yt  se 
40       The  vile  matter  :  yt  ys  none  honeste  ; 

N^e  wit/i  JOUT  bare  hond  no  fylth  ivom  yt  feche, 
ffor  that  ys  fowle,  &  an  vncurtoys  teche. 

%  Yoitv  lioiidis  Avasshe  ;  yt  ys  an  holsom  thyng ; 
44       yoMr  naylis  loke  they  be  not  gety  blake, 
Ne  suffre  not  the7?i  over  longe  groAvyng. 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


Comb  your  head; 
clean  your  ears 


and  nose ; 


don't  pick  it. 


[Leaf  2  a.J 
Wash  your 
hands ;  don't  keep 
your  nails  jet- 
black  or  too  long. 


Wear  fit  clothes, 
that  fit  well 


[6] 

Kembe  your  hede  /  &  loke  ye  kepe  it  cleiio 

Your  eres  tweyne  /  suffre  not  fowl  to  he 

In  your  visage  /  wayte  no  spot  be  sene  38 

Purge  your  nose  /  lete  noman  in  it  see 

The  vile  mater  /  it  is  none  honeste 

l^e  with  your  bare  honde  /  no  filth  fro  it  fecche 

For  that  is  fowl  /  and  an  vnciu-toys  teche  42 

[7] 
Your  hondes  wesshe  /  it  is  an  holsom  thinge 
Your  naylis  loke  /  they  be  not  gety  blacke 
ISTe  suffre  not  hem  /  to  be  oner  longe  growyng  45 

To  your  araye  /  I  warne  you  good  hede  take 
That  manerly  ye  fytte  it  vp  and  make 
Your  hoode.  gowne.  hosyn  /  &  eke  your  she 
"With  al  your  aray  longyng  your  body  to  49 

[8] 
Kepe  you  clene  /  and  lose  not  your  gere 
And  or  ye  passe  /  out  of  your  loggynge 
Euery  garment  /  that  ye  shal  on  were  52 

Awayte  wel  /  that  it  be  so  syttynge 
As  to  your  degre  /  semeth  acordynge 
The?me  Avil  men  saye  /  forsoth  this  childe  is  he 
That  is  wel  taught  /  and  louyth  honeste  56 

To  yo?/r  A-raye  I  warne  you  good  hede  take,         [buvs  tcxu 
Manerly  &  ffyte  loke  you  yt  make ; 
48         your  hood  /  gowne  /  hosen  /  &  eke  yo?a'  sho, 
with  all  jouv  araye  longyng  yo?a'  body  to. 

^  Kepe  you  clene,  &  lose  not  jouv  gere ; 
&  or  you  passe  owt  of  yo?/.r  lodgyng, 
52     Euery  garment  that  ye  shaft  were, 
Awayte  weft  that  yt  be  so  syttyng 
&  to  JOUV  degre  semed  accordyng  ; 
Tha??  wift  iTiGU  say,  "  for  sothe  tJiis  child  ys  he 
5G         that  ys  weft  tawght,  &  loAveth  honeste." 


and  suit  your 
station ; 


the  men  will 
praise  you. 


THE    OllIEL   TEXT. 


[9] 
A  nd  as  ye  walke  and  passen  be  the  strete, 
-^  Be  ye  not  nyce  of  cliere  and  countenance  ; 
And  loke,  my  cliilde,  to  folkys  that  ye  mete,  59 

Ye  spekyn  feyre  wyth  wordis  of  j)lesaunce  ; 
To  youi'e  souerayne  wyth  humhle  obeysaunce, 
To  hym  that  is  youre  felowe  and  pere, 
Yexath  feyre  langage  wyth  ryght  frendly  chere.   63 

[10] 

/^Ast  not  wyth  stone  or  styke  at  foule  ne  beste, 
^  And  where  ye  walke  be  ware  that  ye  ne  rage/ 
For  and  ye  do,  ye  shall  to  byrcheley  feest.  66 

Terre  ^  wjth.  no  hounde  in  fylde  nor  in  village, 
Gothe  forth  in  peace,  demenyng  yonre  vysage 
In  sobre  wyse,  that  men  may  of  yon  say, 
'  A  goodly  childe  ther  passith  be  the  way.'  70 

[11] 
TlThan  ye  come  to  the  chirche,  my  lytyll  chylde, 
'  '  Holy  watir  ye  schull  vppon  you  caste  72 

Be-fore  the  crosse  wyth  [chere]  moste  meke  and  mylde ; 
Than  knelyth  doune  and  knoketh  on  youre  breste, 
Thankyng  the  lorde  that  on  the  crosse  did  rest, 
And  there  for  you  suffred  his  hart  to  blede, 
Seyth  or  ye  ryse  Pater,  Aue,  and  A  crede,  77 


1  MS.  nerage. 


*  MS.  There,  by 
mistake. 


60 


%  And  as  ye  walke  &  passe  by  tJie  strete. 
Be  ye  not  j^yce  of  chere  &  covntenavnce, 
but  loke,  my  child,  to  folk/s  that  you  mete, 
&  loke  ye  speke  fayere  w/t/i  word/s  of  plesavnce, 
Demvre,  &  curtoys  of  jout  Demenavnce. 
To  hym  that  ys  yowre  felow  &  pere, 
Geve  you  fayre  langage  &  a  flfrendly  chere. 

64  ^  Cast  no  styke  ne  stone  at  fowle  ne  beste  ; 
&  wher  ye  walke,  be  ware  ye  ne  rage, 
ffor  yff  ye  do  ye  shatt  to  brecheles  feest. 
Terre  not  with  hovndis  in  fyld  ne  in  vilage ; 


imiis  Tfxt.j 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


[9] 

And  as  ye  waike  /  and  passe  by  the  strete 
Be  ye  not  nyce  of  cliere  /  and  countenaunce 
But  loke  my  child  /  to  folkes  that  ye  mete 
Ye  speke  fayr  /  with  wordes  of  plesaunce 
Demure  and  curtoys  /  of  your  demenaunce 
To  hym  that  is  your  felawe  ande  pere 
Gyue  ye  fair  langage  /  and  a  frendly  chere 

[10] 

Caste  no  styck  ne  stone  at  fowle  ne  beest 
And  where  ye  walke  /  bewarre  ye  ne  rage 
For  yf  ye  doo  /  ye  shal  to  brecheles  feest 
Terre  not  mth  hou?ide  in  felde  ne  in  vilage 
Go  forth  your  waye  /  demenyng  your  viage 
In  sobre  wyse  /  that  men  may  of  you  saye 
A  goodly  chylde  /  ther  passeth  by  the  waye 

[11] 
And  whan  ye  come  to  jj®  chirclie  my  litil  cliild 
Holy  water  /  ye  shal  vpon  you  caste 
Byfore  p"  crosse  /  with  chere  meke  &  mylde 
Knele  adouii  /  and  knocke  on  your  breste 
Thankyng  the  good  lord  ))*  on  it  dide  reste 
And  thei-e  /  for  you  suffryd  his  sides  to  blede 
Saye  ye  or  ye  rise  /  pater  noster  /  aue  /  &  a  crede 


As  you  walk, 
look  pleasantly 
at  folk, 


59 


63 


and  greet  your 
fellows  friendly; 


[Leaf  2  6.] 
don't  shy  stones 
at  bird  or  beast, 


66 


or  quarrel  with 
dogs. 


70 


At  church,  holy- 
water  yourself, 


73 


kneel  before  tlie 
cross,  knock  on 
your  breast, 


77    and  say  prayers. 


68       Go  furth  yoz^r  way,  Demenyng  jonv  viage 
In  sober  wyse,  that  men  maye  of  you  saye, 
"  A  goodly  chyld  ther  passith  by  the  wa3^" 

%  And  when  ye  cum  to  the  churche,  my  lititt  child, 
72       holy  water  ye  shaft  vpon  you  caste. 

be-fore  the  crosse  with  chere  meke  &  mylde 
knele  a-downe,  &  knoke  on  your  brest, 
Thankyng  that  good  lord  that  on  yt  dyde  reste, 
76  &  tlier  for  you  suffred  his  sydys  to  blede  ; 

Saye  ye,  or  you  ryse,  pater  noster  /  aue  /  &  a 
crede. 


IHilts  Text.] 


10  THE    ORIKL    TEXT. 

[12] 
A  vise  you  well  Also  for  eny  thyng, 

The  schirche  of  prayer  is  the  house  and  place  ; 
Be  ware  there-fore  of  clappe  or  langlyng,  80 

For  in  the  schirche  tliat  is  full  gret  trysspace, 
And  A  token  of  hem  that  lacken  grace  ; 

Ther  beth  demure  and  kepeth  youre  sylence, 
And  serueth  god  wyth  all  youre  deligence.  84 

[13] 

rro  helpe  the  prest  whan  he  shall  sey  the  masse, 
-■-  Whan  hit  shall  happen  you  or  be-tyde, 
Eemeue  not  ferre  ne  from  his  presence  passe,  87 

Kneleth  or  stondeth  deuoutly  hym  be-syde. 
And  not  to  nyghe  ;  youre  tounge  mooste  be  applied 

To  Answere  hym  wyth  ^  vfolice  full  moderate  :         '  ms.  wytu  hvm 

'-  -■  '  wytU. 

Avyse  you  well,  my  lityll  childe,  Algate  9 1 

[14] 

rpO  mynystre  wyth  de-voute  Eeuerence, 
-*■  Loke  that  ye  do  youre  humble  obseruaunco 
Debonarly  wyth  [dewe]  obideence,  94 

Cyrcum-spectly,  wyth  euer[y]  circumstaunce 
Of  porte,  of  chere,  demevire  of  countenaunce, 
Eemembryng,  the  lord  aboue  is  he 
Whom  to  serue  is  grettest  liberte.  98 

^  Avyce  you  welt  also  for  any  thynge,  imivs  Text.2 

The  chyrche,  of  prayer  ys  howse  &  place ; 
80     be  ware  theriov  of  clappe  or  langeljnige, 

ffor  in  the  chjTche  }i;  ys  a  futt  gret  trespas, 
&  a  token  of  suche  as  lacketh  grace. 
Ther  be  ye  demvre,  &  kepe  ye  scilence, 
84         And  se?-ve  ye  god  w/t/i  all  yoitr  delygence. 

To  helpe  tJiQ  Freest  wha??  he  sayth  masse,  [fflcixj.] 

whan  yt  shaft  happen  you  or  betyde, 
Remeve  not  fer,  ne  horn  his  presence  passe  ; 
88       knele  or  stonde  you  devovtly  hy??i  besyde, 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


11 


[12] 

Aiij^se  you  wel  also  /  for  ony  tliinge 

The  cliirclie  of  prayer  /  is  lious  and  place 

Beware  tlierfore  /  of  clappe  or  langelynge  80 

For  in  f^  cliirclie  /  it  is  a  fill  grete  trespaas 

And  a  token  of  suche  /  as  lackytli  grace 

There  be  ye  demure  /  and  kepe  ye  scilence 

And  serue  ye  god  /  with  al  your  diligence  84 

[13] 

To  helpe  the  preest  /  wlian  he  saith  masse 

Whan  it  shal  happen  you  or  betyde 

Remeue  not  fer  /  ne  from  his  presence  passe  87 

Kiiele  or  stonde  ye  /  deuoutly  hym  besyde 

And  not  to  nygh  your  tonge  muste  be  applide 

Tanswere  hym  /  with  voys  fill  moderate 

Auyse  you  wel  /  my  lityl  childe  algate  91 

To  mynystre  /  with  deuoute  reuerence 

Loke  ye  do  /  youre  humble  obseruance 

Debonairly  /  with  due  obedyence  94 

Circumspectly  /  with  euery  circumstaunce 

Of  poort  and  chere  /  of  goodly  countenance 

Eemembiynge  wel  the  lorde  /  a  boue  is  he 

Whom  to  serue  /  is  grettest  liberte  98 


Don't  chatter, 


but  be  silent,  ami 
serve  God. 


[Leaf  3  a.] 
When  you  help 
the  priest  at 
Mass, 

kneel  or  stand 
near  him. 


and  answer  hira 
in  a  moderate 
tone. 


Minister 
reverently 


and  circum- 
spectly. 


&  not  to  nygh  :  jour  tonge  mvst  be  applyde 
To  answere  hjm  w/t/i  woyce  moderate. 
Avyce  you  weft,  my  lytitt  child,  algate 

92  ^  To  mynyster  with  devout  reverence  ; 
loke  ye  do  yowr  hii»ible  observaunce 
Debonerly  wyth  dewe  obedyence, 
Circu??zs2jeetly  with  euery  circuHistavnce 
90       Of  poort,  &  chere  of  goodly  covntenavnce, 
Remembryng  well  the  lorde  a-bove  ys  he, 
whome  to  serve  ys  grettest  lyberte. 


Iff  ill's  Text.] 


12 


Tiiio  oiiiKL  tl;xt. 


[15] 
\  nd  whan  ye  spekc,  luketli  ii  U'u  iu  the  face  ' 
Wyth  sobrc  chere  and  goodly  semhlaunce ; 
Cast  not  youre  eye  asyde  in  odir  place,  101 

For  that  is  a  tokyn  of  'wantowne  inconstaunce, 
Which  wolle  appeyre  youre  name,  and  disauau/?ce  ; 
The  wyse  man  seyth,  '  who  hathe  this  signes  thre 
Ne  is  not  like  a  good  man  [for]  to  be —  105 

[10] 
\fn  hert,'  he  seyth,  '  who  that  is  inconstaunte,^ 
■*■  A  waveryng  eye,  glyddryng  but  sodenly 
From  j)lace  to  place,  and  A  fote  '^  variaunte  ■* 
That  in  no  place  abydeth  stabuUy — 
Thes  ben  signes,'  the  wyse  man  seyth  sekerly, 
'  Of  suche  a  wyght  as  is  vnmanerly  nyce, 
And  is  full  like  dissposed  be  to  vice.' 


JIS.  visage. 


2  5IS.  incoustauuce 


JQg    3  MS.  fore. 

4  MS.  Viiriauiice. 


112 


[17] 

And  wayte,  my  childe,  whan  ye  stond  at  the  table, 
Of  souereyne  or  maister  whether  hit  be, 
Applieth  you  [for]  to  be  seruysable,  115 

That  no  defaute  in  you  may  founde  be ; 
Loke  who  doth  best  and  hym  envyeth  ye, 
And  specially  vseth  attendaunce, 
Whiche  is  to  souereyne  thyng  of  gret  plesaunce.  119 

^  And  whan  ye  speke,  loke  men  in  tJie  face  [-H^i"'*  ^ert.-i 

100       wit/i  sobre  chere  &  goodly  semblavnce  ; 
Caste  not  eye  a-side  in  no  othere  place, 
ffor  that  ys  a  token  of  a  Avanton  constavnce 
Avhich  wilt  apayre  jouv  name,  &  dysavance. 
104         The    wyse    ma?i    sayth,    '  who    hath    these 
thjngis  iij, 
ys  not  lyke  a  good  man  for  to  be  : 

%  '  In  herte,'  he  sayth,  '  who  that  ys  Incowstavnte, 
A  waverynge  eye,  glydyng  sodenly 
108     ffro  place  to  place,  &  a  foote  varyavnte 
that  in  no  place  a-bydyth  stabli. 


CAXTON  S    TKXT. 


13 


[1.5] 

And  wlian  ye  speke  /  loke  men  in  the  face 

With  sohre  chere  /  ande  goodly  semblaunce 

Caste  not  your  eye  a  syde  /  in  other  place  101 

For  that  is  a  token  of  wantouii  inconsta«ce 

Whiche  Avil  appeyre  your  name  &  disauance 

The  wise  man  saith  who  hath  these  thi^jgis  thre 

Is  not  lyke  a  goode  man  for  to  be  105 

[16] 

In  herte  he  seith  /  who  that  is  inconstante 

A  waueryng  eye  /  glydyng  sodeynly 

Fro  place  to  place  /  &  a  foot  variaiite  108 

That  in  no  place  /  abydeth  stably 

These  ben  ])®  signes  /  the  wisema^  seith  aikerly 

Of  suche  a  wight  /  as  is  vnmanerly  nyce 

And  is  ful  likely  disposid  vnto  vyce 

[17] 

Awayte  my  chylde  /  whan  ye  sta?zde  atte  table 

Of  maister  or  souerayn  /  whether  it  be 

Applye  you  for  to  be  seruysable 

That  no  defaute  in  you  founden  be 

Loke  /  who  doth  best  /  and  hym  ensiewe  ye 

And  in  especyal  /  vse  ye  attendaunce 

Wherein  ye  shal  your  self  best  auaunce  119 


When  you  speak 
to  men,  look  'em 
ill  the  face. 


The  Wise  Man 

says 


[Leaf  3  6.] 

an  incoustant 
man  with  a 
wavering  eye  and 
a  wandering  foot 


'■  i^  '^    will  turn  to  vice. 


When  you  serve 
at  table, 

i.  lO    be  attentive  and 
ndy. 


specially  to  well- 
off  men. 


Thyse  bene    the   thyng/s,'    the  Avysma?i  sayth      [«^'«'«  ^'t^'-J 
sekerly, 
'  Off  suche  a  wayghte  that  be  vnmanerly  nyce, 
112         &  be  futt  lykely  dysposed  vnto  vyce.' 

^  Awayte,  my  chyld,  wliare  ye  stonde  at  table, 
Off  mayster  or  soverayne  yvhcfher  yt  be, 
Applye  you  for  to  be  servysable 
116       That  no  defawte  in  you  fownden  be ; 
loke  who  dothe  best,  &  hym  folow  ye, 
&  in  especyatt  vse  ye  attendavncc 
wheryn  ye  shalt  youv  selfc  best  avaunce. 


14 


THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 


[18] 

A  [s]  ye  be  comaundyd,  so  ye  do  algate, 
■^  Beth  not  wyth-oute  cause  &om  the  tabid  absent ; 
Hit  is  plesaunce  vnto  the  gret  astate  122 

To  se  theyre  saruaunt  about  them  present ; 
Haunteth  no  halkes,  for  then  ye  woll  be  schent. 
Lette  maner  and  INIesure  be  youre  guydes  twey, 
So  shall  ye  best  please,  I  dare  well  sey.  126 

[19] 
"P  e-warde  all- way  the  loke  and  counteuaunce 


ri 


Of  youre  master,  or  of  youre  souereine, 


Ther  shall  ye  best  preue  what  is  plesaunce,  129 

And  what  displesaunce  ;  this  is  the  soth  serteyne, 
The  chere  disciireth  often  tyme  both  twayne. 
And  eke  the  chere  may  some  tyme  you  addresse 
In  thyng  that  langage  may  not  Jjan  expresse.     133 

[20] 

A  nd  what  ye  here  there,  loke  ye  kepe  liit  secre, 
•^^  Besy  report  of  mystrust  is  chefi"  norice ; 
Mekell  langage  may  not  all  fautles  be ; 

Than  doth,  my  childe,  as  teicheth  you  the  wyse, 
Whiche  vnto  you  this  wysdome  dothe  devise, 
'_Here  and  see,  be  still  in  euery  prees,' 
Passe  forth  youre  way  in  silence  and  in  pees.' 


136 


1  MS.  'in  etiery  place 
and  in  prees.'  Place 
was  to  nave  been  the 
last  word  ;  atid  in 
prees  was  carelessly 
added, instead  of  strik- 
ing out  place. — Sk. 


120  ^  As  ye  be  comavnded,  so  do  ye  algate  ; 
be  not  cavseles  fro  the  table  absente ; 
yt  ys  a  grete  pleasure  to  the  high  estate  ' 
To  se  his  servaunttes  abowte  h.jm  presente. 
124       havnte  no  halke,  for  there  ye  wift  be  shente  ; 
lette  manere  &  mesure  be  jouv  gydes  twayne  ; 
so  shaft  ye  best  please,  I  dare  savely  sayne. 

%  Reward  also  thy  loke  &  contenavnce, 
128       Off  your  master  or  of  jgut  soverayne, 

so  shalt  ye  best  preve  what  ys  his  plesavnce 
or  eWis  his  dysplesavnce  :  this  ys  sertaync, 


[HilV  s  Text.} 


[1  noble,  lord.] 


CAXTOXS    TEXT. 


15 


[18] 

As  ye  be  comandede  /  so  do  ye  algate 

Be  not  causeles  /  fro  the  table  absent 

It  is  a  grete  plesure  /  to  the  hyghe  estate  122 

To  see  his  seruantis  aboute  hym  present 

Haunte.no  halke  /  for  the?^ne  ye  "wil  be  shente 

Lete  nianer  &  mesure  /  be  your  gydes  tweyne 

So  shal  ye  best  plese  /  I  dar  sauely  seyne 

[19] 

Rewarde  also  the  loke  ande  contenaiince 

Of  your  niaister  /  or  of  your  souereyne 

So  shal  ye  best  preue.  what  is  his  plesaiice 

Or  els  displesaunce  /  this  is  soth  serteyne 

The  chere  discouerith  /  often  bothe  tweyne 

And  eke  f®  chere  /  somtyme  may  you  addresse 

In  thiragis  /  ]j*  lawgage  may  not  them  expresse  133 

[20] 

Ande  that  ye  her  loke  /  kepe  alway  secree 

Besy  reporte  /  of  miscliief  is  chief  noryse 

JNIykyl  langage  /  may  not  al  fawtles  bee  136 

Thenne  do  my  childe  /  as  techeth  you  the  wyse 

T\naiclie  vnto  you  /  this  lesson  doth  deuyse 

Here  and  see  /  ande  be  stylle  in  euery  prees 

Passe  forth  your  way  in  scilence  &  in  pees  140 


Don't  absent 
yourself  from 
table, 


or  stick  yourself 
in  a  corner. 
Let  Manners  and 
Moderation  guide 
126    you. 


[Leaf  4  a.] 
Look  at  your 
master's  face; 
,  _  _    that'll  show 
Uy    whether  he's 
pleased  or  not. 


Keep  secret  all 
vou  hear. 


Hear,  see,  and  go 
your  way. 


The  chere  discovereth  oftyn  both[e]  twayn, 
132  &  eke  the  chere  sumtjine  may  yow  addresse 

In  thyngi'.s  the  langage  may  not  there  expresse. 

^  And  that  j^c  here,  loke  ye  kepe  alway  secre ; 
besy  reporte,  of  myschefe  ys  chefe  noryse  ; 
136     Mykytt  langage  may  not  alt  fa"\\rtles  be ; 

Then  do,  my  chyld,  as  techeth  you  the  wyse 
wliiche  vnto  you  this  lessu?i  doth  devyce  : 
hero  &  see,  &  be  stylt  in  eue?y  prees, 
140         passe  forthe  yo?a"  way  in  scilence  &  i?^  pees. 


[HiWs  Text:i 


[ffl  C  Ixj,  back-] 


16  TUE    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[21] 

And  j-it  in  Aventure  ye,  if  the  caase  require. 
Ye  most  speke  as  hit  may  doo  percace  ; '  '  ms.  precace. 

Seuen  condicions  obserue  as  ye  shall  hire,  143 

Avise  you  well  what  ye  sey  and  in  what  place, 
Of  whom,  and  to  whom,  in  youre  mynde  compace ; 
Howe  ye  shall  speke,  and  whan,  taketh  good  hede, 
This  counseilleth  the  wyse  man  wyth-outen  drede. 

[22] 

Awa;^d;e,  my  childe,  ye  haue  you  manerly. 
Whan  at  youre  mete  ye  sittyn  at  youre  table  ; 
In  euery  pres,  in  euery  company,  150 

Disposeth  you  to  be  so  componable, 
That  men  may  you  reporte  for  comendable  ; 
For  tristeth  well,  vppon  youre  bering 
Men  woll  you  blame  or  yeven  you  prey  sing.       154 

[23] 

And  printeth  chiefly  in  youre  memorie, 
For  A  principalle  poynt  of  feire  norture, 
Ye  depraue  no  man  absent  especially  ;  157 

Seint  Austyn  Amonishith  wyth  besy  cure, 
Howe  at  the  table  men  shull  them  assure, 
That  there  escapeth  them  no  suche  langage. 
As  myght  turne  other  folke  to  disparage.  161 


^  And  yet  in  aduenture,  yf  the  caas  requyre,  t^"'"*  ^^^^-^ 

ye  may  speke,  but  ye  must  percaas 
Seven  '  condvc^'ons  observe,  as  ye  may  here  ;         [i  six  they  are  at 

11        T,  o     ■         1J.1  P-  358,  Babees 

144       Avyce  ye  welt  what  ye  say,  &  m  what  place,      g^,^^,  ^f  ti,f.  wise 
Off  whom,  &  to  whom,  in  your  mynd  compace  ;  Man.] 
how  ye  shalt  speke,  &  whan,  take  good  hede  : 
this    cow[n]syled    the  wyse   ma?i  wrt/iowten 
drede. 

148     A-wayte,  my  chyld,  ye  behaue  you  manerly 
wha?^  at  jout  mete  ye  sytte  at  the  table  ; 
In  euery  prees  &  In  euery  cu?npany 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


17 


And  yet  in  auenture  /  yf  the  caas  require 
Ye  may  speke  /  but  ye  muste  tlienne  percaas 
Seuere  condiczons  o"bserue  /  as  ye  may  now  hyre 
Auyse  you  wel  /  what  ye  saye  /  &  iu  what  place 
Of  whom  /  &  to  whom  in  your  mynde  compace 
How  ye  shal  speke  /  &  whan  take  good  hede 
This  cowncelith  the  wise  man  witlioute  drede 

[22] 

Awayte  my  chylde  /  ye  be  haue  you  manerly 

Wlian  at  yoiu'  mete  /  ye  sitte  at  the  table 

In  euery  prees  and  in  enerj  company 

Dispose  you  to  be  so  compenable 

That  men  may  of  you  reporte  for  cowzme/idable 

For  trusteth  wel  /  vpon  your  berynge 

Men  wil  you  blame  or  gjnie  preysynge 
I 

[23] 

And  prynte  ye  trewly  yoiu'  memorie 
For  a  princypal  point  of  fair  noreture 
Ye  depraue  no  man  absent  especyally 
Sajmt  austyn  amonessheth  with  besy  cure 
How  men  atte  table  /  shold  hem  assure 
That  there  escape  them  /  no  suche  langage 
As  myght  other  folke  hurte  to  disparage 


If  you  must 
143    speak, 


observe  the  seven 

conditions. 


147 


150 


[Leaf  4  b.] 


Wlien  you're  at 
meals, 


be  companionable 


154 


157   and  don't  run 

down  absent  men. 
St  Austin 


IGl 


Dyspose  you  to  be  so  cumpenable 
152       that  me7i  may  of  you  reporte  for  co;«me?zdable ; 
ffor,  trustyth  wett,  vpon  jouy  beryng 
Men  "wait  you  blame  or  gyve  p?*aysyng. 

^  And  prynte  ye  truly  this  in  your  memorye 
156       for  a  pryncypaft  poynt  of  fayer  noretvre, 
^Aat  ye  deprave  no  naati  absente  specyally. 
Saynt  Austyne  amonessheth  with  besy  cure, 
howe  men  att  table  shulde  them  assure 
160         tfiat  ther  escape  thew  no  suche  langage 

As  myght  hurte  or  bryng  folke  to  disparage. 


[Hill's  Text.] 


18  THli    OIUEL    TEXT. 

[24] 
rpiiis  curteise  clarke  writetli  in  ryglit  this  "^vyse, 
-*-  Eebukyng  the  vice  of  vile  detracct'ou??  ; 
'What  man  hit  be  that  of  custome  and  guise  164 

Hurteth  Avyth  his  toung  Avyth  foule  covrosiouji 
The  absent  wight,  for  that  abusiouM 

Siiche  detractoure  [wayue]  ^  from  this  table  i  a  word  lost. 

As  vn-Tvorthe,  not  to  be  reprocheable.  168 

[25] 

TTTlian  ye  sitten  therfor  at  yoiire  repaste, 
^ '  Annoyethe  no  man  present  nor  absent, 
But  speketh  feyre,  for  and  ye  make  waste  171 

Off  [large]  langage,  for  soth  ye  most  be  schent ; 
And  wan  ye  speke,  speketh  wyth  good  entent 
Of  maters  appendyng  to  myrth  and  plesaunce, 
But  nothyng  that  may  causen  men  grenaunce.    175 

[26] 

T?schewe  also  taches  of  foule  rauenyng, 
■^  Of  gredy  Inst  the  vncurteyce  appetite  ; 
Pres  not  to  sone  to  youre  viaiinde,  restraine  178 

Youre  handis  a  while  wyth  manerly  respytte ; 
Fedith  for  necessite,  not  for  delite, 

Demeneth  you  in  mete  and  drink  soo  sobrely, 
That  ye  be  not  infecte  wyth  gloteny.  182 

^  This  curteys  clerke  wryteth  in  this  wyse,  isuv$  Text.-\ 

Eebukyng  the  vyce  of  vyle  detracczon  : 
1G4     what  may  yt  be  tliat  of  custum  &  gvyse 
hurteth  w^t^  tonge  or  by  fowle  colusyon 
The  absente  /  weyne '  ye  for  that  abusyon  [i  gj.  -^eyne] 

Suche  a  detractowre  from  the  table 
168  As  vn worthy  &  also  reprocheable. 

^  Whan  ye  sytte  thet-iov  at  your  repast, 
Annoye  ye  no  man  present  nor  absente, 
but  speke  ye  fewe  ;  for  yff  ye  make  wast 
172       of  large  langage,  for  soth  ye  must  be  shent. 


caxton's  text. 


19 


[24] 

Tliis  curtoys  clerk  /  writeth  in  this  wise 

Eebukynge  the  vice  /  of  vyle  detraccion 

"VVTiat  man  it  be  /  that  of  custom  &  guyse  164 

Hurteth  with  tunge  /  or  by  fonle  colusion 

Thabsente  /  weyue  ye  for  that  abusioii 

Suche  a  detractour  /  from  the  table 

As  vnworthy  /  and  also  rcprochable 

[25] 

Whan  ye  sitte  therfore  at  your  repaste 

Annoye  ye  noman  presente  nor  absente 

But  speke  ye  fewe  /  for  yf  ye  make  waste 

Of  large  langage  /  for  sothe  ye  must  be  shent 

And  whan  ye  speke  /  speke  ye  with  good  entent 

Of  maters  acordynge  vnto  plesance 

But  nothing  /  that  may  cause  men  greuaiice 

[2G] 

Eschewe  also  tacches  of  foule  Eaueyne 
Of  gredy  luste  /  with  vncurteys  appetyte  * 
Prece  not  to  sone  /  fro  yoiu"  viand  restreyne 
Your  honde  a  wlule  /  with  manerly  respite 
Fede  you  for  necessite  /  &  not  for  delite 
Demene  you  with  mete  /  &  drynke  so  sobrely 
That  ye  not  ben  enfecte  with  glotony  182 

I  Or/'ff.  appetyce. 


rebukes  the  vice 
of  detraction, 

and  bids  you  turn 
all  backbiters 
from  the  table 


168 

[Leaf  5  a.] 
171    Speak  little. 


and  that 
pleasantly. 

175 


Don't  be 
ravenous, 

178   but  keep  your 

hands  from  your 
food  for  a  time. 


&  wha?^  ye  speke  //  speke  with  good  Intent 
Off  maters  accordyng  vnto  plesavnce, 
but  no  thjnge  that  may  cavse  me/z  grevaunce. 

1[  Eschewe  also  tacches  of  fowle  ravayne, 
177       of  gredy  luste ;  with  vncurteys  appetyte 

prece  not  to  sone  ;  fro  jouv  vyande  restrayne 
jour  hand  a  while  witJt  manerly  respyte  ; 
180       ffede  you  for  necessyte,  &  not  for  delyte. 

Demene  you  with  mete  &  drynke  so  soberly 
That  ye  not  be  Infecte  wyth  glotony. 


[.Hill's  Text.'i 


20 


THE    OIUEL    TEXT. 


189 


[27] 

T7nibre'we  not  youre  vesselle  ne  youre  cuppe  ' 
-^  Oner  mesiire  and  maner,  but  sane  them  clene  ; 
Ensoyle  not  youre  cuppe,  but  kepe  bit  clenely, 
Lete  no  fatte  fertbyng  of  youre  lippe  be  sen. 
For  that  is  foule  ;  wotte  you  what  I  mene  1 
Or  than  ye  drincke,  for  youi'e  owne  honeste, 
Youre  lippis  wepe,  and  klenly  loke  they  be. 

[28] 

T)lowe  not  in  yoiire  drincke  ne  in  youre  potage, 
■^  l^e  farsith  not  youre  disshe  to  full  of  brede, 
Ne  bere  not  youre  knyf  towarde  youre  vysage, 
For  there-in  is  parell  and  mekell  drede. 
Clawe  not  youre  face  ne  touche  not  youre  hede 
Wyth  yoiu'e  bare  hande,  sittyng  at  the  table, 
For  in  norture  that  is  reprouable. 

[29] 

T  owse  not  youre  gyrdyll  syttjaig  at  youre  table,'^ 
■^  For  that  is  a  tache  of  vncurtesye, 
But  and  ye  seme  ye  be  enbrasyde  streite,  199 

Or  than  ye  sitte  amende  hit  secrely, 
So  couertly  that  no  "wyght  hit  espie. 

Be  ware  also  no  breth  from  you  rebounde 
Yppe  ne  downe,  be  ware  that  shamefuU  sounde. 


I  sio.    Read  "  iiapery." 


185 


192 


196 


2  Sic.    Read  "  mete.' 


^  Enbrewe  not  jour  vesseft  ne  yo?/r  naprye 
184       over  maner  &  mesure,  but  kepe  them  clene ; 
Ensoyle  not  joiiv  cuppe,  but  kepe  yt  clenly, 
lete  no  farsyone  on  jouv  lyppis  be  sene, 
ffor  that  ys  fowle ;  ye  wott  what  I  mene. 
188         Or  than  ye  drynke,  for  jout  o"\vn  honeste 
yowr  lyppys  wype,  &  clenly  loke  they  be. 

^  Blowe  not  in  jouv  drynke  ne  in  jouv  pottage, 
Ne  ferce  not  your  disshe  to  fuft  of  brede  ; 
192     bere  not  yowr  knyf  toward  yowr  vysage, 
ffor  therjn.  ys  peryft  &  mykeft  drede  ; 


mill's  Text.^ 
[ffl  C  Ixij.] 


caxton's  text. 


21 


[27] 

Enbrewe  not  your  vessel  /  ne  your  naprye 

Ouer  maner  &  mesure  /  lout  kepe  hem  clene 

Ensoyle  not  your  cuppe  /  but  kepe  it  clenlye  185 

Lete  no  fat  farssine  /  on  your  lippes  be  sene 

For  that  is  fowle  /  ye  wote  what  I  mene 

Or  than  ye  drynke  /  for  your  owen  honeste 

Your  lippes  wype  /  and  clenly  loke  they  be  189 

[28] 

Blowe  not  in  your  driwke  ne  in  your  potage 

Ne  farse  not  your  dishe  to  ful  of  brede 

Bere  not  your  knyf  /  to  warde  your  visage 

For  therin  is  parelle  /  and  mykyl  drede 

Clawe  not  your  visage  /  touche  not  your  hede 

With  your  bare  honde  /  sittyng  atte  table 

For  in  nortujre  /  suche  thing  is  reprouable  196 

[29] 

Lose  not  your  gyrdel  /  sittyng  at  your  mete 

For  that  is  a  tacche  /  of  vncurtesye 

But  yf  ye  seme  /  ye  be  embraced  streite 

Or  then  ye  sytte  /  amende  it  secretly 

So  couertly  that  no  wight  you  espye 

Beware  also  /  no  breth  fro  you  rebounde 

Vp  ne  doun  /  leste  ye  were  shameful  founde  203 


Don't  dirty  your 
cloth  or  cup. 


Wipe  your  lips 
before  you  drink. 


[Leaf  5  b.] 
Don't  blow  on 
your  food, 


192    °'"  P^'  y°'"'  '^"'fs 
to  your  face, 


or  soratcU  it  or 
your  head. 


Don't  undo  your 
girdle  at  table ; 

1  qq  if  it's  tight,  let  it 
out  before  you  sit 
down. 


Don't  break  wind 
up  or  down. 


Clawe  not  jouv  visage,  tovche  not  jouv  hede 
-with  JOUV  bare  honde  syttyng  at  tlm  table, 
196         ffor  in  norture  suche  thyng/s  be  reproveable. 

^  Lose  not  yo2<r  gyrdyft  syttyng  at  jout  mete, 
ffor  that  is  a  tache  of  vncurtesye  ; 
but  yff  ye  seme  ye  be  enbrased  streyte, 
200       or  than  ye  sytte,  amend  yt  secretly 
So  wysely  th&i  no  wyght  you  aspye. 
be  ware  also  no  breth  fro  you  rebownd 
Vp  ne  downe,  lest  ye  were  shamfutt  fownd. 
3 


\mlVs  Text.} 


23  IIW    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[30] 
"Detli  liuste  in  chambre,  client  in  the  hallo, 
-*^  Herkenyth  well,  yeueth  good  audience  ; 
Yef  vsher  or  marchall  for  eny  romour  calle,  206 

Putting  langiers  to  rebuke  and  cilence, 
Beth  niylde  of  langage,  demure  of  eloquence  ; 
Enforcith  you  to  them  confourmyde  be. 
That  can  most  good  and  haue  humanyte.  210 

[31] 

rTouche  not  wytli  mete  salt  in  the  saler, 

Lest  folke  Appoynt  you  of  vncunnyngnesse, 
Dresse  hit  apparte  vppon  a  clene  tranchere  ;  213 

Force  not  youre  mouth  to  fulle  for  wantannesse, 
Lene  not  vppon  the  table,  that  is  but  rudesse, 
And  yf  I  shall  to  you  so  playnly  say, 
Ouer  the  table  ye  shidl  not  spette  convey  217 

[32] 

T^if  ye  be  seruid  Avyth  metis  delicate, 

Departith  wyth  youre  feUowys  in  gentyl  wyse, 
The  clarke  seith,  '  nature  is  content  and  saciate         220 
Wyth  meane  diete,  and  lytill  shall  suffice.' 
Departyth  therfore,  as  I  to  you  devise  ; 
Engrosith  not  vnto  youre  silven  all, 
For  gentilnesse  will  ay  be  lyberall.  224 

^  Be  ye  husht  in  chambre,  scylente  in  haft  ;  f^Huis  Texa 

205       herkyn  weft,  &  geve  good  audyence 

yff  vssliar  or  marchaft  for  any  rvmowre  caft  ; 
putt  ye  yanglers  to  rebuke  for  scilence. 
208       Be  ye  my  Id  of  la7?gage,  demvre  of  eloquence  ; 
Enforce  you  vnto  hy?^  co?2formed  to  be 
that  can  most  good,  &  hathe  humanyte. 

%  Towch  not  w/tA  jour  mete  salte  in  the  saler, 
212       leest  folke  apoynte  jou  of  viico/m^mgncsse ; 
Dresse  yt  aparte  vpon  a  clene  trenshere. 
ffarste  not  yowr  movth  to  fuft  for  wantonesse ; 


CAXTON  S   TEXr. 


23 


[30] 

Be  ye  htisht  in  chambre  /  scylent  in  halle 

Herken  wel  ande  gjiie  goode  audience 

Yf  vsslier  or  marchal  for  ony  Euniour  calle 

Put  ye  langlers  to  rebuke  for  silence 

Be  je  mylde  of  langage  /  demure  of  eloque?ice 

Enforce  you  vnto  bym  conformed  to  be 

That  can  moste  good  /  ande  hatli  humanyte 

[31] 

Touche  not  with  your  mete  /  salt  in  the  saler 
Lest  folk  apoynte  you  of  vnconnyngnesse 
Dresse  it  aparte  /  vpon  a  clene  trencher 
Farse  not  yoiu'  mouth  to  ful  /  for  wawtonesse 
Lene  not  vpon  the  table  /  for  that  rude  is 
And  yi  I  shal  to  you  playnly  saye 
Ouer  the  table  /  ye  shal  not  spetel  conueye 

[32] 

Tef  ye  be  serued  /  with  metes  delicate 
Departe  with  your  felowe  /  in  gentil  vnse 
The  clerck  saith  /  nature  is  conte?it  &  saciate 
With  mene  diete  /  and  litil  shall  suffyse 
Departe  therfore  /  as  I  you  deuyse 
Engrose  not  /  vnto  your  self  alle 
For  gentilnes  /  wil  aye  be  liberalle 


Be  silent, 


206 


and  put  chatterers 
to  rebuke. 


210 


Imitate  him  who 
has  humanity. 


213 


[Leaf  6  a.] 
Don't  (Up  your 
meat  in  the 
saltcellar, 


lean  on  the  table, 


217    01"  spit  over  it. 


Share  dainties 
with  your  iellows: 


220 


f),')  (    gentleness  is 
■^'•^*    Uberal. 


216 


220 


224 


lene  not  on  the  table,  for  that  rvde  ys  ; 
&  yff  I  shaft  to  you  playnly  saye, 
over  the  table  ye  shaft  not  speteft  co??veye. 

%  Yff  ye  be  sej-vede  ■with  metis  delycate, 

Departe  -with  yowr  felawe  in  gentift  vryse  ; 
the  clerke  sejiih,  '  nature  ys  co?;tent  &  sacyate 
with  mene  dyete,  &  lytift  shaft  suffyce  ;' 
Departe  therfor,  as  I  you  devyce, 
Engrose  not  vnto  yowre  selfe  aft, 
ffor  gentylnessc  wift  ay  be  lyberatt. 
■3  * 


{.Bill's  Texl.1 


24  THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[33] 

A  nd  wan  pe>'cace  youre  seruice  is  not  large, 
-^  Grucchith  not  wyth  frownyng  counteuaunce, 
Ne  maketli  not  tlier-of  to  mekell  charge,  227 

Disposeth  you  to  goodly  sufferaunce, 
And  what  ye  haue,  take  hit  for  suffisaunce  ; 

Holde  you  pleased  wyth  that  god  hath  you  sent, 

He  hath  Inough  '  that  can  hold  hym  content.   231     »  ms.  inought. 

[34] 

Burnysh  no  bonys  wyth  youre  tethe,  be  ware, 
That  houndis  tecche  fayleth  of  curtesie  ; 
But  wyth  youre  knyff  make  the  bonys  bare  ;  234 

Handell  youre  mete  so  well  and  so  clenly, 
That  ye  offenden  not  the  company 

Where  ye  be  sette,  as  ferre-forth  as  ye  can  ; 
Eemembre  well  that  mane?-  maketh  man.  238 

[35] 

A  nd  whan  your  teeth  shall  cutte  youre  mete  small, 
-^  Wyth  open  mouth  be  Avare  that  ye  not  ete, 
But  loke  youre  lippis  be  closede  as  a  wall,  241 

Whan  to  &  2  fro  ye  trauers  youre  mete  ;  "^  ^s.  a. 

Kepe  you  so  close  that  men  haue  no  conceite 
To  seyn  of  you  langage  of  vilonye, 
Be  cause  ye  ete  youre  mete  vnma[ne]rly.  245 


\  And  whan  percaas  yo«r  servyce  ys  not  large,  f-f'^'"'* ^«»^«] 

Groge  not  wiih  frownyuge  covntenavnce, 
Ne  make  ther  of  not  to  mykyft  charge  ; 
228       Dyspose  you  to  goodly  suffravnce, 

&  what  ye  haue,  take  yt  in  suffysavnce ; 
be  you  plesid  wrtA  suche  as  god  hath  you  sent ; 
he  hath  ynowgh  fat  can  hold  hy»i  co?itente. 

232     Burnysshe  no  bonys  w/t7«  yo?a'  tcth,  be  ware,  [flicixij  back.] 

Suche  hownd/s  tacches  fallen  of  vncurtesye, 
but  wiili  yowr  knyfe  make  the  bonys  bare. 
Handle  yo«r  mete  so  welt  &  so  clenly 


CAXTOX  S    TEXT. 


25 


[33] 

And  whan  percaas  your  seruise  is  not  large 

Gruccheth  not  /  with  frownyng  contenawnce 

ISTe  make  therof  /  not  to  mykyl  charge  227 

Dispose  you  to  goodly  suifra^nice 

And  what  ye  haue  /  take  it  in  sufFysa^mce 

Be  ye  plesid  with  suche  as  god  hath  you  sent 

He  hath  ynough  /  that  can  holde  hym  content         231 

[34] 

Burnysshe  no  bones  /  with  your  teth  /  beware 

Suche  houndis  tacches  /  falle  of  vncurtesye 

But  with  your  knyf  /  make  the  bones  bare  234 

Handle  your  mete  /  so  wel  and  so  clenly 

That  ye  offende  not  the  company 

Where  ye  be  sette  /  as  ferforth  as  ye  can 

Remembryng  wel  /  that  manners  make  man  238 

[35] 

Ande  whan  that  /  ye  ete  your  mete  smalle 

With  open  mouth  /  beware  ye  not  ete 

But  loke  your  lippes  /  be  closed  as  a  waUe  241 

Whan  to  ande  fro  /  ye  trauerse  j^our  mete 

Kepe  you  so  cloos  /  that  men  haue  no  co«seite 

To  say  of  you  /  ony  langage  or  vilonye 

Bicause  ye  ete  your  mete  /  vnmanerly  245 


If  your  helping  is 
not  large,  don't 
grumble, 


but  be  content. 


[Leaf  6  6.] 
Don't  burnish 
bones  with  your 
teeth. 


Handle  your  food 
cleanly, 


for  Manners  make 


Eat  with  your 
lips  closed 


236       That  ye  offende  not  the  company 

wher  ye  be  sette,  as  ferforthe  as  ye  can, 
Reme»^bryng  weft  that  maners  make  man. 

%  And  whan  that  ye  ete  your  mete  smaft, 
240       -with  open  mo-\vth  be  ware  ye  not  ete, 

but  loke  /  your  lyppes  be  closed  as  a  waft  ; 
whaw  to  &  fro  ye  traverse  youv  mete, 
kepe  you  so  cloos  that  men  haue  no  conceyte 
244         To  saye  of  you  any  langage  or  vjdonyc 
by  cavse  ye  ete  yo«r  mete  so  vnmanerly. 


[Hill's  Text.^ 


26 


THK    ORIEL    TEXT. 


[36] 
"He  ware,  my  child,  of  laugliiug  oner  mesure, 

Ye  sliall  not  Also  at  the  horde  youre  iiaylis  pare, 
Ne  pike  not  yoiire  teth  wyth  youre  knyff,  I  you  ensure, 
Ete  at  youre  masse,  and  odir  folkes  spare  ;  249 

A  glottou?^  can  hut  make  dissches  bare, 
And  of  Inough  he  taketh  neue/-  hede, 
He  fedith  for  lust  more  than  '  he  doth  for  nedo.  '  ms.  that. 

[37] 

A  nd  whan  the  horde  is  then  [as]  of  se^-uice,  253 

-^  ISTot  replenyshide  wyth  gret  diuercite. 
Of  mete  and  drincke  good  chere  may  than  suffice, 
Hit  is  A  signe  of  gret  humanite,  256 

Wyth  gladsom  chere  than  fulsom  for  to  he  ; 
The  poet  seyth  howe  that  the  poure  horde 
Men  may  encrese  wyth  cherefull  wille  and  worde. 

[38] 

A  nd  0  thing,  my  cliilde,  I  warne  you  vndu-stonde, 
^  Specially  for  youre  OAvne  honeste, 
In  the  water  wasschith  so  clene  youre  hande,  262 

That  youre  towell  neuer  ensoyled  he 
So  foule  that  hit  he  lothely  vnto  se ; 

"Wasschith  wyth  watire  till  youre  handis  he  clene, 
And  in  youre  clothe  ther  shall  no  spotte  he  sene. 

•[[  Beware,  my  chyld,  of  laughynge  ouer  mesure  ;         [suvs  Text] 
Ne  at  the  horde  ye  shaft  no  nayles  pare, 
248     Ne  pyke  yo?<rteth  w^'t7i  knyf,  I  j'-ou  ensure. 
Ete  at  jouv  messe,  &  othere  folk/*'  spare ; 
A  gloton  ca)i  but  make  the  bonys  bare, 
&  of  ynowgh  he  takyth  nevere  hede, 
252         he  ffedyth  more  for  lust  than  for  nede. 

%  And  wha?i  the  horde  ys  thyn  as  of  servjce, 
Nowght  replenysshed  with  gret  dyversite 
of  mete  &  drynke,  gud  chere  may  thim  suffice, 
256       with  honest  talkyng  ;  &  also  owght  ye 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


27 


[:3G] 
Beware  my  childe  /  of  laughyng  oner  mesure 
'Ne  at  tke  borde  /  ye  shall  no  naylis  pare 
Ne  pyke  your  teth  /  with  knyf  /  I  you  ensure 
Ete  at  your  messe  /  and  other  folkes  spare 
A  gloton  can  but  make  the  bones  bare 
Ande  of  ynough  /  he  taketh  neuer  hedi; 
He  fedith  more  for  lust  /  than  for  nedc 

[37] 

And  whan  Jj®  borde  is  thynne  /  as  of  seruyse 
iS'ought  replenesshed  with  grete  diuersite 
Of  mete  &  dri/zke  good  chere  may  then  suffise 
With  honest  talkyng  /  and  also  ought  ye 
With  giadsom  chere  /  thenne  fulsom  for  to  be 
The  poete  saith  /  hou  that  a  poure  borde 
Men  may  enriche  /  with  cheerful  wil  &  worde 

[38]- 

And  one  thyng  my  chylde  /  ye  vnderstonde 
In  especyalle  /  for  your  owne  honeste 
In  the  water  /  wasshe  so  clene  your  honde 
That  your  towel  /  neuer  enfoyled  be 
So  fowle  /  that  it  be  lothsom  on  to  see 
Wasshe  with  water  /  your  hondes  so  cleene 
That  in  the  towel  shal  no  spotte  be  sene 


Don't  pare  your 
nails  at  table,  or 
24b    pick  your  teeth 
with  a  knife. 


252 


[Leaf  7  a.] 
When  there  are 
not  many  dishes, 

255   be  satisfied  with 
chatting  cheerily. 


25^ 


262    Wash  your  hands 
clean  in  the  water, 
so  as  to  leave  no 
dirt  on  your 
towel. 


266 


■with  gladsu?w  chere  then  fulsome  for  to  be  : 
The  poete  seyth  hoAV  that  '  a  powre  bordo 
259         Me7i  may  eniyche  w/t7i  cherfutt  witt  &  worde.' 

^  And  on  thyng,  my  child,  ye  vnderstond, 
In  especyatt  for  youv  own  honeste  : 
In  the  wate^'  wasshe  so  clene  yowr  bond 
that  your  toweft  never  ensoyled  be 
264       So  fowle  that  yt  be  lothsome  on  to  see  ; 
wassho  with  water  join  hondis  so  clene 
that  in  the  to\vett  shaft  no  spote  bo  sene. 


[lliWs  Text.] 


28  THE    OKIEL    TEXT. 

[39] 

T  eue  not  youre  spone  iu  youre  dissclie  standyng, 
-^  Nq  vppon  the  brede  hit  shall  not  lie  ; 
Lette  youre  trencboure  be  clene  for  eny  thj^ng,  269 

Yif  ye  bane  no  cbaunge,  yit  as  honestly 
As  ye  can,  maketh  avoydie, 

So  that  no  fragment  from  youre  trencboure  falle  ; 
Do  this,  my  cliilde,  in  chambre  and  in  halle.     273 

[40] 

TIThan  i^other  speketb  at  the  table, 
'  '  Be  ware  ye  interrupte  '  not  is  tale  nor  langage,  '  ms.  cormptiy 

o   o   J  ■f^g^  nattiripte. 

For  that  is  a  thing  discommendable,  276 

And  hit  is  no  signe  of  folkes  sage 

To  ben  of  wordis  besy  and  outrage  ; 

For  the  wyse  man  seyth  pleinly  in  sentence, 

'  He  shall  be  wyse  that  yevith  Audience.'  280 

[41] 

Tlndre-stondeth  ther-fore  or  than  ye  speke, 
'  Printyng  in  youre  mynde  clerely  the  sentence, 
He  that  vseth  A  mannes  tale  to  breke  283 

Lettyth  vncurtesly  the  Audience, 
And  hurtjiih  hym-sylf  for  lacke  of  silence ; 
He  may  not  yeue  answere  convenyent 
That  herith  not  fynally  what  is  ment.  287 

^  lete  not  joux  spone  in  joure  disshe  stond,  [^'«'«  Text.} 

268       JSTe  vpon  the  table  yt  shuld  not  lye  ; 

lete  joiix  trenchowre  be  clene  for  any  thyng, 
&  yf  ye  haue,  change  jet  as  honestly 
As  ye  can  ;  make  avoyde  manerly 
272         So  /7?at  no  fragme?it  fro  youx  trewchere  fait : 
Do  thus,  my  child,  in  cbambere  &  i7i  halt. 

%  And  wha?i  a-nother  man  spekyth  at  the  table, 
be  ware  ye  interrupte  not  his  langage, 
276     for  that  ys  a  thyng  on-comendable, 
&  yt  ys  not  no  signe  of  folk?V<;  sage 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


29 


[39] 

Lete  not  yoiir  spone  /  in  your  disslie  stonding 

'Ne  vpon  the  table  /  it  shold  not  lye 

Lete  your  trenchoux  /  be  clene  for  ony  tbing 

And  yf  ye  haue  change  /  yet  as  honestly 

As  ye  can  /  make  a  voyde  manerly 

So  that  no  fragment  /  fro  your  tre?icher  falle 

Do  thus  my  cliilde  /  in  cbambre  &  in  halle 

[40] 

And  "whan  another  man  /  spekith  atte  table 
Beware  ye  enterrupte  not  /  his  langage 
For  that  is  a  thinge  discomendable 
Ande  it  is  no  signe  of  folkes  sage 
To  be  of  langage  /  besy  ande  outrage 
For  the  wyse  man  saide  /  in  his  sentence 
He  sholde  be  -svyse  /  that  gyueth  audience 

■   [41] 
Vnderstonde  therfore  or  than  ye  speke 
Prynte  in  your  mynde  /  clerly  the  sentence 
"Who  that  vsith  /  a  mannes  tale  to  breke 
Letteth  vncurteysly  /  alle  the  audyence 
Ande  hurteth  hym  self  /  for  lack  of  science 
He  may  not  gyue  answere  conuenyente 
That  herith  not  fynally  /  what  is  mente 


269 


Don't  leave  your 
spoon  in  your 
dish  or  on  tlio 
table. 
Keep  your 
trencher  clean. 


273 


[Leaf  7  b.] 
Don't  interrupt 
man  in  his  t^Uk. 


276 


280 


Before  you  speak, 
settle  in  your 
mind  what  you 
ejQO   have  to  say. 


287 


IHill's  Text.'] 


280 


To  be  of  langage  besy  &  owtrage  ; 
ffor  the  wyse  sayd  in  his  sentence 

'  he  shuld  be  hold  [&  be  wysej'   thai  gevyth  i;,J:!;,;;f,[;:f ' 
audyence.' 


«|[  Vnderstond  theriov  or  than  ye  speke  ; 

prjTit  171  jouT  mynde  clerly  the  sentence ; 
who  that  vsyth  a  ma??ys  tale  to  breke, 
284       lettyth  vncurteysly  aft  the  audyence 

And  hurteth  hjm  self  for  lake  of  scyence  ; 
he  maye  not  geve  answere  cowvenyente 
that  heryth  not  fynally  what  ys  mente. 


[ffl  C  Ixiij.] 


30 


THE    ORIEL    TEXT, 


A 


[42] 
'De  ^ya^e  Also,  my  chikle,  of  rehersaille 
^  Of  materis  wliiche  ben  at  the  table  mevide ; 
Hit  gre-\dtli  ofte  and  dothe  men  disavaylle,  290 

Full  many  a  man  that  vice  hath  mysschevide, 
Of  evill  thyng  saide  is  wors  often  contrivide  ; 
Suche  reportis  alway  loke  ye  esschewe, 
As  may  of  olde  frendis  make  enemyes  newe.     294 

[43] 

vise  you  well  whan  ye  take  yonre  disporte, 

Honest  games  that  ye  haunte  and  vse, 
And  suche  as  ben  of  violente  reporte,  297 

I  counsell  you,  my  childe,  that  ye  refuse  ; 
For  trustith  well  ye  shall  nout  you  excuse 

From  berchely  fest,  yef  I  may  you  aspie 

Playng  at '  eny  game  of  rebaudie.  301        '  MS.  or. 

[44] 

ytt  is  to  A  goodly  childe  well  syttyng, 
■*■  To  vse  disportis  of  myrth  and  plesaunce, 
To  harpe  and  lute,  or  lustely  to  ajng,  304 

And  in  the  pres  ryght  manerly  to  daunce  ; 
When  men  se  A  childe  of  suche  gouernaunce, 
They  seyn,  '  gladde  may  this  [childes]  frendis  be 
To  haue  a  sone  soo  manerly  as  he.'  308 

^  But  beware,  my  child,  also  of  rehersayle  ibuvs  Textj 

289       Olf  maters  whiche  be  at  the  table  meved  : 

It  greweth  •  ofte,  &  doth  me??  dysavayle  ;  ['  The  Uue  is  over 

ffutt  many  a  ma?z  that  vyce  hathe  myscheved  ; 
292       Off  evyit  thynke  sayd,  ys  worse  co^ztryved  ; 
Suche  reportes  alwaye,  my  child,  eschewe. 
As  may  of  olde  frendz's  make  enmyes  newe. 

^  Avyse  you  weft  whaw  ye  take  jouv  dysporte, 
296       honeste  games  tJiat  ye  hawnt  &  vse; 
&  siiche  as  bene  of  vyleyns  report, 
I  cownselt  you,  my  child,  that  ye  refuse; 


the  th.] 


CAXTOX  S    TEXT. 


31 


[42] 

But  beware-  my  childe  /  also  of  rehersaylle 
Of  maters  /  whiche  ben  atte  table  meuide 
It  greuith  ofte  /  ande  doth  men  disauayle 
Ful  many  a  man  /  ])'  vice  hath  myschenide 
Of  euyl  thinge  saide  /  is  "werse  contryuide 
Suche  reportis  /  alway  my  childe  eschewo 
As  may  of  olde  fre/«dis  /  make  enemyes  newe 

[43] 

Aduise  you  wel  whan  ye  take  your  disporte 
Honest  games  /  that  ye  haunte  ande  vse 
And  suche  as  ben  of  vjdayns  reporte 
I  counceyl  you  my  chyld  /  that  ye  refuse 
For  truste  ye  wel  /  ye  shal  you  not  excuse 
From  brecheles  feste  /  and  I  may  you  espye 
Playnge  at  ony  game  of  Eybawdrye 

[44] 

It  is  to  a  godly  chyld  wel  sjiitynge 
To  vse  disportes  of  mjTthe  &  plesaiice 
To  harpe  or  lute  /  or  lustely  to  synge 
Or  in  the  prees  right  manerly  to  daunce 
"\Ylian  men  se  a  chyld  of  suche  gouernance 
They  saye  /  glad  may  this  chyldis  fre?^dis  be 
To  haue  a  chylde  /  so  manerly  as  is  he 


Dou't  repeat 
what  you  hear  at 
table. 


290 


294 


[leaf  8  a.] 
Play  only  at 
proper  games. 


297 


301 


304  You  should 
harp,  luto, 
sing,  or  d.nce. 


308 


fifor  truste  ye  welt  ye  shaft  you  not  excuse 
300         ffi'om  brecheles  feste,  &  I  may  you  espye 
Playenge  at  any  game  of  rebawdrye. 

^  Ytt  ys  to  a  goodly  child  weft  syttyng 
To  vse  dysportes  of  myrth  &  plesavnce, 
304     to  harpe,  to  lute,  or  lustjdy  to  synge, 

Or  in  the  prees  right  manerly  to  davnce. 
wha??  m.G7i  se  a  child  of  suche  governavnce, 
tJiei  saye,  '  glade  may  fliis  child/^'  frendys  be 
308         To  haue  a  child  so  manerly  as  ys  he.' 


mai's  Text.] 


32 


THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 


[45] 
Tj^xersice  youre-selfe  also  in  reclyng 
-^  Of  bokys  enoui'nede  wytli  eloquence  ; 
Ther  shall  ye  fynde  both  plesaunce  and  lernyng,       311 
And  so  ye  may  in  eue;y  good  j)resence 
Some  [what]  fynde  and  see  as  in  sentence, 
That  shall  accorde  the  tyme  to  ocupie, 
That  ye  not  nede  to  stondyn  idelie.  315 

[4G] 

Ttt  •  is  fare  to  be  cominycatyfe 
-■-  In  matires  vnto  purpoos  according, 
So  that  a  wight  sume  not  excessyfe, 
Tor  trusteth  well,  hit  is  tedious  thyng 
For  to  here  a  childe  multiplie  talkyng, 
Yif  hit  be  not  to  the  purpose  applied, 
And  also  -svyth  goodly  termys  aleyde. 

[47] 
"P  edith  Gower  in  his  writyng  moralle, 
^^  Tliat  anncient  faders  memorie, 
Eedith  his  bokis  clepide  '  confessionalle,'  325 

Wyth  many  anodir  vertuous  tretie, 
Eull  of  sentence  sette  so  frutuously. 

That  them  to  rede  shall  yeue  you  corage, 

So  is  he  fulle  of  sentence  and  langage.  329 


I  MS.  lit 


318 


322 


^  Excersyse  also  jouv  selfe  in  redyng 
Off  bokes  enorned  with  eloquence, 
ther  shaft  ye  fynde  both  plesyre  &  lernynge, 
312       so  that  ye  may  in  eue?y  good  presence 
Some-what  fynde  as  in  sentence 
^7iat  shaft  accorde  the  tyme  to  occupye, 
That  ye  not  nede  to  stonde  ydellye, 

^  It  ys  fayer  to  be  comynycatyfe 
317       In  maters  vnto  purpose  accordyng, 
So  that  a  wyghte  seme  exersyfe  ; 
fifor  trustyth  weft  yt  ys  a  tedyovs  thyng 


IRill's  Text.] 


CAXTON  s  tp:xt. 


33 


[45] 

Excersise  your  seK  also  in  redynge 

Of  bookes  enornede  "with  eloquence 

Ther  shal  ye  fynde  /  bothe  plesir  &  lernynge 

So  that  ye  may  /  in  euery  good  presence 

Somwhat  fynde  /  as  in  sentence 

That  shal  acorde  /  the  tyme  to  ocupy 

That  ye  not  nede  /  to  stonden  ydelly 

[46] 

It  is  fayr  /  for  to  be  comynycatyf 

In  maters  vnto  purpose  acordynge 

So  that  a  wyght  seme  excersyf 

For  trusteth  wel  /  it  is  a  tedyous  thynge 

For  to  here  a  chylde  /  multeplye  talkyng 

Yf  it  be  not  to  the  purpose  applyede 

Ande  also  with  /  goodly  termys  alyede 

•  [47] 
Redeth  gower  in  his  wrytynge  moralle 
That  auncyent  ^  fader  of  memorye 
Eedeth  his  bookes  /  callede  confessional] e 
With  many  another  vertuous  trayttye 
Ful  of  sentence  /  set  ful  fructuosly 
That  hym  to  rede  /  shal  gyue  you  corage 
He  is  so  ful  of  fruyt.  sente?jce  and  langage 


Practise  reading 
of  eloquent 
books. 


311 


315 


[Leaf  8  6.] 
It  is  right  to  talli 
pertinently, 


318 


but  a  bore  if  tlie 
talk  is  irrelevant. 


322 


Read  Gower's 
1  Orig.  anucyent. 


325    t'oryfesio 
A  mentis. 


329 


320  ffor  to  here  a  child  multyply  talkyng 
yf  yt  be  not  to  the  purpose  apply ed, 
&  also  with  goodly  termes  alyed. 

%  Eedyth  gover  in  his  wrytyng  moratt, 
324       That  Auncyente  ffader  of  memorye, 

Eedyth  his  bookes  called  cowfessyonalt, 
vfith  many  a-nothere  vertuvs  tretye 
ffuft  of  sentence  sett  fuft  fructvously, 
328         That  hym  to  rede  shaft  geve  you  covrage, 
he  ys  so  fult  of  frute,  sentence,  &  langage. 


ISUl's  Text.] 


34 


THE    ORIEL   TEXT. 


[48] 
A  Fader  and  Founder  of  eternate  eloquence, 
"  That  eluminede  all  this  oure  britaigne  ; 
To  sone  we  lost  his  lauriate  presence,  332 

0  lusty  licoare  of  that  fulsome  fountaigne  ; 
Cui'sed  deth,  why  hast  thou  tliis  poete  slayne, 
I  mene  Fadir  chancers,  niastir  Galfride  ? 
Alias  !  the  while,  that  euer  he  from  vs  diede.    336 

[49] 
p  edith  his  hokys  fulle  of  all  plesaunce, 
^^  Clere  in  sentence,  in  longage  excellent, 
Brefly  to  wryte  suche  was  his  suffesaunce,  339 

What-euer  to  sey  he  toke  in  his  entent, 
His  longage  was  so  feyre  and  pertinent, 
Tliat  semed  vnto  mennys  heryng, 
'Not '  only  the  worde,  hut  verrely  the  tiling.       343  '  ms.  But 

[50] 

"P  edith,  my  child,  redith  Ms  warkys  all, 
-*-*'  Refuseth  non,  they  ben  expedient ; 
Sentence  or  langage,  or  both,  fynde  ye  shall  346 

Full  delectable,  for  that  fader  ment 
Of  all  his  purpos  and  his  hole  entent 
Howe  to  plese  in  euery  audience. 
And  in  oure  tou/ig  was  well  of  eloquence.  350 

^  0  fader  &  fownder  of  ornate  eloquence  ihhis  Textj 

thai  Illumyned  hast  att  owre  bretayne  !  [ffl  c  isiij  back.] 

332     To  sone  we  loste  thy  lavreat  science, 

0  lusty  lyqvovre  of  thai  fulsu??;.  fontayne  ! 
0  cursed  deth !  why  hast  thow  thai  poete  slayne, 
I  mene  fader  chavucer,  mayste?'  galfryde  1 
336         Alas  thQ  while  thai  ever  he  from  vs  dyed  ! 

^  Eedyth  his  werkes  futt  of  plesavnce, 

Clere  in  sentence,  \n  langage  excellente  : 

Bryefly  to  A\Tyte,  such  was  his  sufFysavnce, 

340       Wliat-evere  to  say  he  toke  in  his  entente, 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


35 


[48] 

O  fader  and  founder  of  ornate  eloquence 
That  enhimened  hast  alle  our  bretayne 
To  soone  ^ye  loste  /  thy  haureate  scyence 
0  lustj^  lyquoui  /  of  that  fulsom  fontayne 

0  cursid  deth  /  why  hast  thou  ]?*  poete  slayne 

1  mene  fader  chancer  /  maister  galfryde 
Alas  the  whyle  /  that  euer  he  from  vs  dyde 

[49] 

Redith  his  werkis  /  ful  of  plesaunce 
Clere  in  sentence  /  in  langage  excellent 
Briefly  to  wryte  /  suche  was  his  sufiysance 
Wliat  euer  to  saye  /  he  toke  in  his  entente 
His  langage  was  so  fayr  and  pertynente 
It  semeth  vnto  mannys  heerynge 
Not  only  the  worde  /  hut  verely  the  thynge 

[50] 

Eedeth  my  chylde  /  redeth  his  hookes  alle 
Refuseth  none  /  they  ben  expedyente 
Sentence  or  langage  /  or  bothe  fynde  ye  shalle 
Ful  delectable  /  for  that  good  fader  mente 
Of  al  his  purpose  /  and  his  hole  entente 
How  to  plese  in  euery  audyence 
And  in  our  tunge  /  was  welle  of  eloquence 


and  the  Father 
and  Founder  of 
Eloquence, 

332     [Leaf]  63,  back.] 


336 


mayster  Galfryde 
Chawcer, 


[Leaf  9  a.) 
whose  works  are 
full  of  pleasaunce, 


339 


whose  language 

seems  not  only 
words,  but  truly 
343    things. 


Read  all  his 
books;  refuse 
none  : 


346 


he  is  delightful. 


350 


his  langage  was  so  fayere  &  pertynente, 
yt  semeth  vnto  manys  heryng 
343         Not  only  the  worde,  but  veryly  the  thyng. 

^  Redyth,  my  child,  redyth  his  bookes  alt, 
Refusith  JSTon,  they  ben  expedyente  ; 
sentence  or  langage,  both  fynd  ye  shatt ; 
ffuft  delectable  that  good  fader  mente, 
348       for  aft  his  purpose  &  liis  hole  entente 

[was]  how  to  please  in  euery  audyence, 
&  In  owre  tonge  was  weft  of  Eloquence. 


imil's  Text.] 


3G 


THE    DIUEL    TEXT. 


[51] 
T^eholde  Oclyff  in  his  translac^'on, 


D 


In  goodly  langage  and  sentence  passing  wyse, 


Yevyng  the  prince  suche  exortacion  353 

As  to  his  highnesse  he  cotide  best  devyse. 
Of  troiith,  peace,  of  mercy,  and  of  lustice, 
And  odir  vertuys,  sparing  for  no  slouthe 
To  don  his  devere,  and  quiten  hym,  as  trouth  357 

[52] 

"P  equired  hym,  anenste  his  souereyne, 
■^^  Most  dradde  and  louyd,  whos  excellent  highnesse 
He  aduertysede  by  his  writing  playne,  360 

To  vertue  perteynyng  to  the  nobles 
Of  a  prince,  and  berith  wyttenesse 
His  trety  entitlede  '  of  regyment,' 
Compyled  of  most  entier  true  entent.  364 

[53] 

T  oketh  Also  vppon  dan  lohn  lidgate, 
■'^  My  mastire,  whilome  clepid  monke  of  bury, 
Worthy  to  be  renownede  laureate,  367 

I  pray  to  gode,  in  blis  his  soule  be  mery, 
Synging  '  Eex  Splendens,'  the  heuenly  '  kery,' 
Among  the  muses  ix  celestiall, 
Afore  the  hieghest  lubiter  of  all.  371 


^  Behold  Ocklyf  in  his  transslac/on,^ 


352 


356 


In  goodly  langage  &  se?^tence  passyng  wyse 
howe  he  gewyth  his  -prmce  such  exortac?'on 
As  to  the  hyeste  he  covld  best  devyse 
Off  troAvth  /  pees  /  m^^rcy  /  &  lustyse, 

&  vertu,  lettyng  for  no  slowth 

To  do  his  devoyi'e  &  qvyte  hym  his  trowth. 


^  Eequyre  hy??^  As  Agaynst  his  soverayne, 

moste  Drade  &  loved,  whose  excellent  hyenes 
360     he  advertysed  by  his  wi^tyng  playne 
To  vertu  ape?'teynyng  to  nobles 


{.Hill's  Text.'i 
[I  transflacionl 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


37 


[51] 

Beholde  Ocklyf  in  liis  translacion 

In  goodly  langage  /  &  sentence  passyng  wyse 

How  lie  gyueth  his  prynce  /  suche  exortacfon 

As  to  the  hyest  /  he  coude  best  deuyse 

Of  trouthe.  pees,  mercy,  and  lustise 

And  vertues  /  leetyng  for  no  slouthe 

To  do  his  deuoir  &  quite  him  of  his  trouthe 

[52] 

Eequirede  hym  /  as  ayenst  his  souerayne 
Most  drade  &  louyde  /  wos  excellent  hyeues 
He  aduertysede  /  by  his  wrytynge  playne 
To  vertu  /  apperteynyng  to  nobles 
Of  a  prynce  /  as  bereth  goode  witnes 
His  traytye  /  entitlede  of  regymente 
Compylede  of  entyer  trewe  entente 

[53] 

Loke  also  /  vpon  dan  lohn  lydgate 
My  maister  whylome  /  monke  of  berye 
"Worthy  to  be  renomede  /  as  j^oete  laureate 
I  praye  to  gode  in  blysse  his  soule  be  mercy 
Syngynge  Eex  splendens  that  heuenly  kyrye 
Amonge  the  muses  nyne  celestyalle 
Byfore  the  hyest  lubyter  of  alle 


Read  Ocolevctoo, 


353   "^ho  gave  his 

Prince  such  wise 
advice 


357 


364 


367 


371 


[Leaf9fc.J 


360 


in  his  treatise 
De  Resiimine 
Principum. 


Jolin  Lydgate, 
too,  my  master. 


(I  pray  God  his 
soul  is  singing 
Rex  splendens 


Off  a  pn'nce,  as  berytfi  god  wytnes, 

hys  treatye  entytled  of  regemente, 

364         Compyled  of  entyer  trewe  entente, 

^  Loke  also  than  vpon  lohan  lydgate, 
My  mayrster,  whylom  monke  of  bury, 
worthy  to  be  renomed  As  poetje  lavreate ; 
368       I  pray  to  god  in  blysse  his  sowle  be  mery, 

Syngyng  /  Rex  splendens  /  ihat  hevenly  Kyrye, 
Amonge  the,  mvses  nyne  celestyatt 
be-fore  the  hyghest  lubyter  of  alt, 


IHilVs  Text.] 


38  THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[54] 

I  not  why  deth  my  mastire  dide  envie, 
But  for  he  sliulde  chaunge  his  habite  ; 
Pety  hit  is  that  siiclie  a  man  shulde  die  !  374 

But  nowe  I  trist  he  be  a  carmylite  ; 
His  amyse  blacke  is  chaimged  into  white, 
Among  the  muses  ix  celestiall, 
Afore  the  hieghest  lubiter  of  all ;  378 

[55] 

Passing  the  muses  all  of  elicone, 
Where  is  ynympariable  of  Armonye, 
Thedir  I  trist  my  mastir-is  soule  is  gone,  381 

The  sterrede  palays  aboue  dapplede  skye, 
Ther  to  syng  '  sanctus '  incessantly 
Among  the  muses  ix  celestiall, 
Affore  the  highest  lubiter  of  all.  385 

[56] 

Eeditli  is  volumes  that  ben  so  large  and  wyde, 
Souereynly  sitte  in  sadnesse  of  sentence, 
Elumynede  vryih.  colouris  fresshe  on  euery  syde, 
Hit  passitb  my  wytte,  I  haue  no  eloquence 
To  yeue  hym  lawde  aftir  his  excellence, 
For  I  dare  say  he  lefte  hym  not  on  lyue, 
That  coude  his  cuwnyng  suffisantly  discreue.      39 


388 


372  [Omitted.     See  Preface,  p.  ii.] 


[Hill's  Text.] 


376 


^  Passyng  the  mvses  nyne  of  elycon, 
380       Wher  ys  no  pareytt  of  Armonye  ; 

Thyder  I  trust  my  Maysters  soAvle  be  gon, 
The  sterred  paleys  above  the  dappled  skye, 


caxton's  text. 


39 


[54] 
[Omitted.     See  Preface,  p.  ii.] 


374 


378 


[55] 

Passynge  the  muses  iiyne  of  Elycoii 
Where  is  non  pareyl  of  armonye 
Thider  I  truste  my  meistres  soule  begone 
The  sterride  paleys  /  aboue  the  dapplyd  skye 
There  to  synge  sanctus  incessantly 
Amonge  the  muses  ix  celestyalle 
Byfore  the  hyest  /  lubiter  of  alle 

[56] 

Eedeth  his  volumes  /  that  ben  large  &  A\^de 
Seueryly  set  /  in  sadnes  of  sentence 
Enlumyned  with  colours  fressh  on  euery  side 
Me  lacketh  "witte  /  I  haue  none  eloquence 
To  gyue  hym  lawde  /  after  his  excellence 
For  I  dar  saye  /  he  lefte  hym  not  a  lyue 
That  coude  his  co??nyng  /  sufficiently  discriue 


381    >"  the  starred 

palace  above  the 
dappled  sky, 
before  the 


385   Wghest 

Jupiter  of  all.) 


[Leaf  10  (t.] 
Read  his  large 
volumes 


388 


illuminated  with 
fresh  colours. 


392 


Ther  to  syng  sanctus  insessavntly  ^'-'■^'^  ^^-^'-J 

384         Emonge  the  mvses  nyne  celestyafl", 
Before  the  hyeste  lubyter  of  aft. 

%  Eedyth  hys  volumes  that  be  large  &  wyde, 
Severyly  sette  in  sadnes  of  sentence, 
388     Enluinined  with  colovres  fresshe  on  euery  side.        [(" c uiiij] 
Me  lakketh  vryit,  I  haue  non  eloquence. 
To  geve  hy??^  lawde  after  his  excellence, 
ffor  I  dare  saye  he  lefte  hym  not  alyve 
392         That  covde  his  cunyng  ssufficiently  discryve. 
4  * 


40  THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[57] 

T)ut  his  werkys  his  laude  moste  nede  conquere, 
-^  He  may  neuer  oute  of  remembrance  die, 

His  ^ye^kys  shall  his  [name  ']  conuey  and  here  395  '  ^I^^^.'-'p"^' 

Aboute  the  world  all-most  eternallie ; 
Lette  his  owne  werkys  prayse  hym  and  magnifie  ; 
I  dare  not  preyse,  for  fere  that  I  offende, 
My  lewde  langage  shuld  rather  appeyre  than  amend. 

[58] 

Lo,  my  childe,  thes  good  faders  Auncient 
Eepide  the  feldis  fresshe  of  fulsumnesse. 
The  floures  feyre  they  gadderid  vp  and  hent,  402 

Of  siluereus  langage  the  tresoure  and  richesse ; 
Who  wolle  hit  haue,  my  litle  childe,  doutelesse 
Must  of  hem  begge,  ther  is  no  more  to  say, 
For  of  onre  tonng  they  were  bothe  locke  and  key. 

[59] 

There  can  no  man  there  fames  nowe  disteyne, 
Thanbawmede  tonng  and  aureate  sentence, 
Men  gette  hit  nowe  by  cantelmele,  and  gleyne  409 

Here  and  there  wyth  besy  diligence. 
And  fayne  wolde  riche  the  crafte  of  eloquence  ; 
But  be  the  glaynes  is  hit  often  sene, 
In  whois  feldis  they  glayned  haue  and  bene.      413 

^  But  his  werkes  his  lavde  must  nede  co?jquere  ;  [^i"'«  Text.] 

thei  may  never  owt  of  remembravnce  dye  ; 
hys  werkes  shatt  liis  name  co?iveye  &  here 
396       Abowte  the  world  abnoste  eternelly. 

lete  his  owne  werk/s  prayse  hy??i,  &  magnyfye; 
I  dare  not  prayse,  leest  for  fere  I  offende ; 
My  langage  shuld  rathere  apayere  than  amend. 

%  Loo,  my  child,  this  faders  avncyente 
401        Eepen  ^^e  fyldes  flfresshe  of  fulsomnes  ; 

the  iiowres  fresshe  thei  gadered  vp,  &  hente. 
Off  syluer  langage  the  greate  ryches 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


\l 


[57] 

But  his  werkis  /  his  laude  /  must  nedc  conqueva 

They  may  neuer  /  out  of  remembrauuce  dye 

His  werkis  shal  fiis  name  conueye  &  here 

Ahoute  the  worlde  /  abnost  eternely 

Lete  his  owen  werkis  preyse  hym  &  magnefie 

I  dar  not  preyse  /  for  fere  lest  I  oflfende 

My  lawgage  /  shold  rather  apeyre  than  amende 

[58] 

Loo  my  childe  /  these  faders  auncyente 
Repen  the  feldes  fresshe  of  fulsomnes 
The  flours  fresh  they  gadred  vp  &  hente 
Of  siluer  langage  /  the  grete  riches 
Who  wil  it  haue  my  lityl  childe  doutles 
Muste  of  hem  begge  /  ther  is  no  more  to  saye 
For  of  our  tunge  /  they  were  both  lok  &  kaye 

[59] 

Ther  can  noman  now  her  werkis  disteyne 

The  enbamed  tunge  /  and  aureate  sentence 

Men  gete  it  now  /  by  cantelmele  &  gleyne 

Here  and  there  by  besy  diligence 

And  fa;yTie  wold  reche  /  her  craft  of  eloquence 

And  by  the  gleyne  /  it  is  ful  oft  sene 

In  whos  felde  /  the  gleyners  haue  bene 


His  works 


395    shall  bear  his 
name  about  the 
world  almost 
eternally. 


399 


[Leaf  10  6.] 
These  ancient 
fathers  reaped  the 
fields, 
402    ^^^  gathered  the 
flowers. 
He  who  wants 
silver  words 
must  beg  of  them. 


406 


409  ^"^'^  ^^  °"'y 

glean, 


and  by  the 
gleaning  one  sees 
in  whose  fields  the 

A-in    gleaners  have 

^  A  "    been. 


404       wlio  wilt  yt  haue,  my  cliild,  dowtles 

Muste  of  the??i  bege :  there  ys  no  more  to  saye, 
ffor  of  owre  tonge  thei  were  both  loke  &  keye  ; 

^  Ther  care  no  mare  ther  werkes  dysteyne : 
'108       The  enbamed  tonge  &  avreat  sentence, 
Men  gete  yt  now  by  cantelmele,  &  glene 
here  &  there  by  besy  delygence, 
&  fayne  wold  reche  ther  crafte  of  eloqvence  ; 
412         &  by  the  gleyne  ytt  ys  futt  ofte  sene 
In  whose  fylde  the  glencrs  haue  bene. 


[Hill's  Text.] 


42  THE    ORIKFi    TKXT. 

[GO] 

A  s  vnto  me  Age  hath  bede  good  morowe, 
■^-^  I  am  not  able  clenly  for  to  gleyne, 
Xature  is  fejTie  of  crafte  here  eien  to  borowe,  416 

Me  fayleth  clerenesse  of  myn  eien  tweyne  ; 
Begge  I  may,  I  can  no  gleyn  certeyn, 

Ther-for  that  werke  I  wolle  playnly  remytte 

To  foike  yong,  more  persaunt  clere  of  wytte.     420 

[61] 

A  nd  syke  also,  and  in  case  ye  fynde 
-^  Suche  gleynes  fresch  as  hath  some  apparence 
Of  fayre  langage,  yet  take  them  and  vnbynde,  423 

And  preueth  what  they  beth  in  existence, 
Coloured  in  langage,  savory  in  sentence, 
And  dou[te]th  not,  my  childe,  wythoute  drede, 
Hit  woll  profite  such  thyng  to  se  and  rede.       427 

[62] 

"yit  eft-sonnys,  my  childe,  let  vs  resorte 
-*-  To  the  intente  of  oure  fyrst  matiere 
Digresside,  somwhat  fulle  we  Avolld  reporte,  430 

And  renyne  the  laAvde  of  them  that  were 
Founders  of  oure  langage,  thilke  fadyrs  dere, 
Who-is  soulis  god  [aboue]  in  b[l]esse  inhaunce 
That  lusten  so  oure  langage  to  Avaunce.  434 

%  And  vnto  my  age  bot  good  morowe  {huvs  Text.} 

I  am  not  able  clerly  for  to  gleyne, 
416     Kature  ys  iajne  of  crafte  her  eyen  to  borow ; 
Me  lakketh  clernes  of  myne  eyen  twajTie ; 
Begge  I  may  /  gleyne  I  may  not  ce/'teyne  ; 
theriove  thai  werke  I  wilt  playnly  remytte 
420         To  folk'is  yong,  more  passyng  clere  of  wyte. 

^  Seche  ye  therioxB,  &  in  caas  ye  fynde 

suche  gJenars  fresslie  as  haue  sum  apparent 
Off  fayer  la??gage,  yet  take  the/??,  &  vnbynde, 
424       &  preve  ye  what  thei  be  in  existence 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


43 


[60] 

And  vnto  me  /  age  hath  bode  good  morowe 

I  am  not  able  clenly  /  for  to  gleyne  ^  cannot  glean, 

Nature  is  fayfi  of  craft  /  her  eyen  to  borowe  416 

Me  lacketh  clerenes  /  of  myn  eyen  tweyne 

Begge  I  maye  /  gleyne  I  can  not  certeyne  i  can  only  beg: 

Therfore  Jj*  werck  /  I  wil  playnly  remytte  gleaning  i  give 

To  folkis  yong  /  more  passyng  clere  of  witte 

[61] 

Seche  ye  therfore  /  and  in  caas  ye  fynde 
Such  gleynors  fressh  as  haue  soiii  appare/ice 
Of  fayr  langage  /  yet  take  hem  &  vnbynde 
And  preue  ye  /  what  they  be  in  existence 
Colourd  in  langage  /  sauerly  in  sentence 
And  doubte  not  my  childe  /  withoute  drede 
It  wil  prouffite  to  see  suche  thingis  &  red[e]  ' 

[62] 

Yet  eft  sones  my  childe  /  lete  vs  resorte 
To  thentente  of  yiu"  fii'st  matere 

Degressed  somwhat  /  for  we  wold  reporte  430 

And  reuiue  the  laude  of  hem  that  were 
Famous  in  our  langage  /  these  faders  dere 
Whos  sowles  in  blysse  /  god  eternel  auaMnce 
That  lysten  so  our  langage  to  enhaunce  434 

1  A  hole  in  the  paper. 


J.  90   up  to  younger 
*•""   folks. 


If  you  find  such 
gleaners, 

423    unbind  their 
sheaves : 


their  fair  speech 


427    will  profit  yon. 


[Leaf  11  a.] 
But  let  us  return 
to  our  first 
subject. 


Colovred  hi  langage,  saverly  i?i  sentence, 
&  dowte  not,  my  child,  w/t^-owl  drede 
427         yt  wilt  profet  to  se  such  thjngii,  &  rede. 

*i[  Ye,  efte-soones,  my  child,  let  vs  resorte 
To  the  yntent  of  yo?/r  fyrst  matere 
Degressed  somwhat,  for  we  wolde  reporte 
&  revyue  the  lawde  of  tbem  thut  were 
432       famovs  in  owre  langage,  thise  faders  dere 

whos  '  sowles  in  blis,  god  eternaJl'  avaunce, 
t/idt  lysten  sone  owre  langage  to  cnhaviice  ! 


IHilfs  Text.l 


1  The  s  is  by  a 

later  liaml. 


44  THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[G3] 

rpiiau,  litle  cliilde,  I  councelle  you  that  ye 
*•  Take  hede  vnto  the  nortuxe  that  men  vse, 
^ewe  foimden  or  Auncient  ■whet[h]er  hit  be,  437 

So  shall  no  man  youre  ciu'teyse  refuse  ; 
The  guise  and  custome  shall  you,  my  childe,  excuse ; 
Mennys  werkys  haue  often  entirchaunge, 
That  nowe  is  norture,  sumtyme  had  ben  full  straunge. 

[64] 

npiiinges  whilome  vside  ben  layde  aside, 
-*■  And  new  fetis  dayly  ben  contryvyde, 
Men[nys  actes]  can  in  no  plight  abyde,  444 

They  ben  chaungeable  and  oft  mevide, 
Thing  some-tyme  alowide  is  nowe  rej)revide, 
And  aftir  this  shall  thingis  vppe  aryse, 
That  men  sette  nowe  but  [at]  htle  a  prise.        448 

[65] 
rpiius  mene  I,  my  childe,  that  ye  shull  vse  and  haunte 
-'-  The  guise  of  them  that  don  most  manerly, 
But  be  ware  of  vnthrefte  ruskyn  galaunte,  451 

Counterfetoure  vncunnyng  of  curtesie, 
His  tecches  ben  infecte  wyth  vilonye, 

Vngerde,  vnblesside,  seruyng  at  the  table, 

Me  semeth  hjm  senumnt  full  pendable.  455 

%  Then  litilt  lohn,  I  consayle  you  that  ye  c-ff'"  s  Text.] 

436       Take  hede  to  tJie  nortvres  that  men  vse,  [ffl  c  ixuij  back.i 

newe  foAvnd  or  avncyent,  whether  yt  be  ; 
So  shatt  no  man  yo?/r  curtesye  refuse  ; 
the  gyse  &  custu??i,  my  child,  shaft  you  excuse. 
440         Menys  werkes  haue  oftyn  enterchavnce  ; 

that  nowys  norture,  so??ztyme  hath  be  stravnge; 

^  Thyng/s  whylom  vsed  be  now  layd  a-syde, 
&  newe  fetes  dajdy  be  co?2tryved  : 
444     Menys  actes  ca?i  in  no  plyte  abyde, 
They  be  chavngable  &  ofte  meved ; 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


45 


[63] 
Tlienne  lityl  loBu  /  I  counceyl  you  that  ye 
Take  hede  to  the  norture  /  that  men  vse 
Newe  founde  /  or  auncyent  whether  it  be  437 

So  shal  no  man  /  your  curtoisye  refuse 
The  guyse  &  custom  /  my  child  slial  you  excuse 
Mewnys  werkis  /  haue  often  enterchange 
That  nowe  is  norture  /  so?ntyme  had  be  strange        441 

[64] 

Thingis  whilom  vsed  /  ben  now  leyd  a  syde 

And  newe  feetis  /  dayly  ben  contreuide 

Mennys  actes  /  can  in  no  plyte  abyde 

They  be  changeable  ande  ofte  meuide 

Thingis  somtyme  alowed  /  is  now  repreuid 

And  after  this  /  shal  thinges  vp  aryse 

That  men  set  now  /  but  at  lytyl  piyse  448 

[65] 

This  mene  I  my  childe  /  f'  ye  shal  haunte 

The  guyse  of  them  /  that  do  most  manerly 

But  beware  of  vnthrj^ft  Euskyn  galante  451 

Counterfeter  of  vnconnyng  curtoisye 

His  tacchis  ben  enfecte  with  vilonye 

Vngyrte.  vnblyssed.  seruyng  atte  table 

Me  semeth  hym  a  seruant  nothing  able  455 


Little  Jack, 

take  heed  to  the 
maimers  of  your 
time. 


for  customs 
change. 


new  ways  are 
invented  every 
444   day. 


and  will  be 
hereafter. 


[Leaf  11  6.] 
Imitate  the  well- 
mannered,  and 
beware  of  ruskyn 
gallants 


of  bad  habits, 
serving  ungirt. 


thynges  su?ntyme  alowed  be  now  repreved  ; 
&  after  this  shafl:  thjTiges  vp  a-ryse 
448         that  men  sett  now  but  at  lytitt  pryse  : 

^  This  mene  I,  my  child,  that  ye  shatt  havnte 
the  gyse  of  the)n  that  do  most  manerl)' ; 
but  be  ware  of  onthryft '  ruskjTi  gallavnte, 
452       Co??terfetter  "^  of  vncownjTig  curtessy, 
hys  taches  ben  enfecte  ^v^th  vylonye  ; 
Vngerte  /  vnblessed  /  servyng  at  table, 
Me  semeth  hym  a  servavnte  no  thyng  able ; 


IHilVs  Text.] 


1  A  later  hand  has 
uddud  y, 

2  Tlie  r  is  by  a 
later  hand. 


46  THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[66] 

Wynter  ne  sonier  to  liis  souerayne 
Chappron  hardy  no  bonet  lust  avale, 
For  euery  worde  yeiiyng  his  maister  tweyne,  458 

Vaunparlere  in  euery  mannes  tale, 
Absolon  \vyth  the  disculede  heres  smalle  ; 
Lyke  to  A  presener  of  seint  Malouse, 
A  sonny  bush  myght  cause  hym  to  goo  louse.   462 

[67] 

01  passe  norture  !  f y  !  fy  !  for  schanie  ! 
I  shuld  haue  seide  he  myght  go  hauke  and  hunt, 
For  that  schuld  be  A  gentilmannys  game,  465 

To  suche  disportis  thes  gentis  folkys  be  wounte ; 
T  seide  to  ferre,  my  langage  was  to  blounte, 
But  of  this  galaunte,  loo  !  loke  a  Avhile  &  fele, 
He  feccheth  his  compace  whan  he  shall  bowo  or  knele, 

[68] 

Braced  so  stray tly  th[at  h]e  >  may  not  plie,  '  MS.  the. 

But  gaderith  hit  in  by  maner  of  Avyndlese, 
And  3if  he  wrenche  aside  or  lytil  wrye,  472 

His  gere  stonte  all  in  pertous  ^  case,  -  ^'"'^  perioas? 

The  scho,  the  hose,  the  point,  doublet,  and  lace  ; 

And  if  ought  breke,  sonxmo,  thinges  ^  that  ben  badde   ^  Rmd  tounges. 
Shall  sey  anon,  '  a  knaue  hath  broke  a  ladde.'  476 

^  "Wynter  &  somer  to  his  soverayne  \^mivs  Texu 

457       Capron  hardy,  no  bonet  lyst  to  avayle, 

For  euery  Avorde  geveyng  his  mayster  twayne, 
avavntpa?-ler  In  eue?'y  manys  tale, 
460       Absolon  with  disheveld  heres  smale, 
lyke  to  a  prysoner  of  saynt  malowes, 
A  sonny  busshe  able  to  the  galowes. 

^  0  !  I  passe  nortn-e  !  fy,  fy,  for  sham  ! 
464       I  myght  haue  said  he  shuld  go  havke  &  honte, 
ffor  that  shuld  be  a  gentylman[i]s  game, 
To  suche  dysport/s  gentitt  folk/s  be  wonte  ; 


CAXTON  S   TEXT. 


47 


Wyntev  and  somer  to  his  souereyne 

Capron  hardy  /  no  bonet  lyste  to  auale 

For  euery  word  /  gyui/;g  his  maister  twejTie  458 

Auauntparler  /  in  euery  mannys  tale 

Absolon  with  disheueld  heeris  smale 

Lyke  to  a  prysoner  of  se}Tit  malowis 

A  sonny  busshe  /  able  to  go  to  the  galowis  462 

[67] 

0  I  passe  nortnre  fy  fy  for  shame 

1  myght  haue  said  he  shold  go  hauke  &  honte 
For  that  shold  be  a  gentilmans  game 
To  such  disportes  /  gentil  folkes  be  wonte 
I  sayd  to  ferre  /  my  Ian  gage  was  to  blonte 
But  yet  sir  gala/ite  whan  ye  shal  bowe  or  knele 
He  goth  by  compace  round  as  doth  a  whele 

[68] 

Braced  so  strayt  /  that  he  may  not  plye 

But  gaderith  it  /  by  maner  of  a  wyndelas 

And  he  ought  "vvrenche  a  syde  /  or  a  litil  wrie 

His  geer  stondeth  thentie  /  in  ful  jjarlozi-s  caas 

His  sho  /  his  hose  /  doblet  /  point  &  laas 

And  yf  ought  breke  /  som;/;e  tu?zges  Jj*  be  bade 

Wil  mocke  &  sale  /  a  knaue  hath  broke  a  lad  476 


not  doffiug  Ilia 
cap  to  his  master. 


forward  in  speech, 
rough-haired, 


and  lousy-lieaded. 


(though  it's 
hardly  good  man- 
ners to  say  so.) 


465 


When  he  tries  to 
kneel,  he  works 
469   round  like  a 
.wheel. 


[Leaf  12  a.] 
being  braced  so 
tight  that  he 

ifn   can't  bend. 

*  '  *^  If  he  twists,  a 
lace  is  like  to 
crack. 


1  sayd  to  ferre,  my  langage  was  but  blonte  ; 
468         but  yet,  sh  gallavnt,  wha?2  ye  shaft  bowe  or 
knele 
he  goth  by  co??ipasse  rovnd  as  doth  a  whele. 

^  Erased  so  streyte  pat  he  may  not  plye, 
but  gaderyth  yt  by  nianere  of  a  wyndlas  ; 
472     &  he  awght  wrench  a-side,  or  a  litilt  wrye, 

liys  gere  stondyth  them  in  full:  parlovs  caas, 
hys  sho  //  his  hose  /  doblet,  poynt  &  laas  ; 
&  yif  owght  breke,  sum  tonges  that  be  bade 
476         wilt  moke   &  say,  "A  knave  hath   broke  a 
lade." 


IHill'x  TexU 


48  THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[69] 

T  at  galauiite  go,  I  niene,  reclieles  ruskyn  ; 
■^  Take  hede,  my  cMlde,  to  suche  as  ben  cuwnyng, 
So  shall  ye  AvyrsMp  best  conquere  and  \vynne,  479 

Enforsith  you  in  all  youre  demenyng 

To  sewe  vertu,  and  ^  from  foly  declynyng ;  i  Omit  and. 

And;  my  cliilde,  that  ye  loue  of  boneste, 
"VArhicb  is  accordyng  Avytli  bumanj^te.  483 

[70] 

rpbat  is,  to  you  to  vndirstond  And  knowe, 
-"-  That  youre  aray  be  manerly  and  resonable, 
Not  appeissb  knawen  "^  and  to  mowe,  486     i  sus. 

I[n]  nyse  aray  that  is  not  couenable, 
Fetis  founde  be  foLkys  vnprofitable. 

That  maketh  this  worlde  so  pleynly  transformate, 
That  men  semen  almost  effeminate.  490 

[71] 

Pley  not  lakke  mAlaperte,  that  is  to  sey, 
Be  ware  of  presumpczoun,  be  ware  of  pride, 
Take  not  the  fyrst  place,  my  childe,  be  no  way,        493 
TiU  odir  be  sette  manerly  abyde, 
Presomcion  is  often  sette  asyde. 

And  Avalith  f[r]om  his  highe  '  de-gre,  '  m^-  hiK^t. 

And  he  sette  vppe  that  hath  humanite.  497 

^  Lete  gallant  go  !  I  mene,  recheles  ruskyn  :  [h^'«'«  ^ext.] 

Take  hede  my  child  to  suche  as  be  co?m)Tig, 
so  shaft  ye  best  worship  conqvere  &  wynne ; 
480       Enforce  you  in  aft  yo?*r  demenyng 

To  folowe  vertu,  &  fro  foly  declynnyng  ; 
&  weyte  weft  that  ye  love  honeste 
which  ys  accordyng  vnto  humanyte. 

^  That  ys  for  you  to  vnde?'stond  &  knowe, 
485       that  jouY  araye  be  manerly  resonable, 

Not  apvsshe  vnto  moke  ne  to  mowe  ;  [^^"^  ^^?^,?,?'.  « 

m  7  111  Ricliavii  hill  „  ra 

To  nycc  araye  that  ys  not  co?nmenaabie,  c  ixv] 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


49 


[69] 

Lete  galante  go  /  I  mene  recheles  ruskyfi 

Take  liede  my  chyld  to  suclie  as  be  connyng 

So  shal  ye  best  worship  conquere  &  wjnine  479 

Enforce  you  in  al  your  demenynge 

To  folowe  vertu  /  &  fro  folye  declynynge 

And  waite  wel  that  ye  loue  honeste 

Whiche  is  acordynge  '  vnto  human^'te 

[70] 

That  is  for  you  /  to  vnderstonde  &  knowe 

That  your  araye  /  be  nianerly  resonable 

Kot  apysshe  /  on  to  mocken  ne  to  mowe 

To  nyce  araye  /  that  is  not  commendable 

Fetis  newe  founden  ^  by  foolis  vnp?'oiiifitable 

That  make  Jje  world  so  plainly  transformate 

That  men  semen  almoste  enfemynate  490 

[71] 
Playe  not  lack  malapert  /  that  is  to  saye 
Beware  of  presimipczon  /  beware  of  pryde  ' 
Take  not  ])«  first  place  my  child  by  the  waye  493 

Tyl  other  be  sette  /  right  manerly  abyde 
Presumptuo?<s  ben  often  set  a  syde. 
Ande  alleday  aualyde  /  as  men  may  see 
And  he  is  sette  vp  /  that  hath  humylyte  497 


Let  Reckless 
RuskjTi  go ! 
You  follow 
skilful  men. 


virtue  and 
honesty. 


483 


[Leaf  12  b.] 
Don't  dresB 

486  =>pisiJy 

or  foppishly. 


Don't  play  Jack 

Malapert, 

that  is,  don't  be 

presiunptuous. 

Wait  till  others 
are  seated. 


^  Orig.  accrdynge. 


Orig.  fonuden. 


'  Orig.  prj'te. 


488       ffetys,  newe  fonden  by  foolis  vnprofytable, 

thaX,  make  the  worlde  so  playnly  transformate 
thdX  mew  semen  Almost  enfemynate. 

^  Playe  not  lacke  maleperte,  thai  ys  to  say, 
492       be  ware  of  presumpc/on,  be  ware  of  pi-yde  ; 

take  not  tho.  first  place,  my  child,  by  the.  waye ; 
titt  odei  be  sette,  ryght  manerly  a-byde, 
presumtvous  be  ofte  sette  a-syde 
496         &  att  day  avaled,  as  me«  may  see, 

&  he  ys  sette  vp  i/tat  hath  himiylyte. 


[Hill's  Text.] 


50  THE    OIUEL    TEXT. 

[72] 
rTo  '  ciu?iiyng  persones  regardo  ye  take,  i  ms.  The. 

-■-  Wliere  ye  be  sette  in  riglit  atentif  wyse, 
Connyng  folke  civ?inyng  folke  shulde  make,  500 

To  tlieire  gooJuesse  ye  slialle  make  youre  su7/imise, 
And  as  thei  do,  ye  mosten  deuyse  ; 

For  this,  my  cliilde,  is  as  the  gospell  treue, 
Wlioo  wolle  be  cu«nyng  muste  the  cu??nyng  sewe. 

[73] 

A  nd  0  thing  I  charge  you  special!  [ie], 
-^^  To  womanhode  good  kepe  you  take  alway. 
And  them  to  serue  loke  that  ye  haue  an  eie,  507 

Ther  comaundementis,  my  childe,  loke  ye  obey, 
Plesaunt  wordis  to  them  I  warne  you  saye, 
And  in  all  wyse  do  youre  dilligence. 
To  do  them  plesure,  honoure,  and  reuerence.      511 

[74] 

A  s  at  this  tyme  this  tretice  shall  suffice, 
-'^  Disposeth  you  to  kepe  in  youre  mynde 
The  doctrines  whiche  for  you  I  deuyse,  514 

And  douteth  not,  fulle  welle  ye  shall  hit  fynde  ; 
To  youre  honoure  enrolle  hit  vp  and  bynde 
Eyght  in  youre  brest,  and  in  youre  ryper  age 
I  shall  wry  ten  you  here-of  the  surplusage.  518 

^  To  connyng  persones  regarde  ye  take,.  t-S^'"'*  ^^eait.] 

wher  ye  be  sette,  right  in  ententj'f  wyse  ; 
500     Co?myng  folke  co?inyng  me?z  shaft  make  ; 

to  ther  cownyng  ye  sliatt  make  jouv  surmyse, 
&  as  thei  do,  ye  must  jour  selfe  devyse ; 
ffor  this,  my  child,  ys  as  the  gospett  trewe, 
504         '  who  witt  be  co?niyng,  he  must  cojznyng  sewe.' 

^  And  on  thyng  I  warne  you  specyally : 
to  womanhede  take  awe  alway, 
&  the?^  to  serve  loke  ye  haue  an  eye, 
508       &  ther  co7navndmentz5  that  ye  obeye  ; 


CAXTON  S    TEXT. 


51 


[72] 

To  connynde  persons  regarde  ye  take 

Where  ye  be  sette  /  right  in  ententyf  wyse 

Connyng  folk  /  conuyng  men  shal  make  500 

To  their  connyng  ye  shal  make  your  surmise 

And  as  they  do  /  ye  muste  your  self  deuyse 

For  this  my  childe  /  is  as  the  gospel  trewe 

Who  w-il  be  connyng  /  he  must  Jj®  connyng  sewe     504 

[73] 

And  one  thing  /  I  warne  you  specyally 

To  womanhede  /  take  aAve  alweye 

And  them  to  serue  /  loke  ye  haue  an  eye  507 

And  theire  comrnandementis  that  ye  obeye 

Plesant  wordes  I  auyse  you  to  them  seye 

And  in  alle  wyse  /  do  ye  your  diligence 

To  do  them  plesure  /  and  reuerence  511 


Watch  knowing 
folk,  and 


their  skill. 


Specially  attend 
to  women,  and 


speak  pleasant 
words  to  them. 


[74] 

And  at  this  tyme  tliis  tretye  shal  suffise 

Dispose  you  /  to  kepe  it  in  your  mynde 

The  doctrine  whiche  for  you  I  deuyse  514 

And  doubteth  not  /  ful  wel  ye  shal  it  finde 

To  your  honour  /  enroUe  it  vp  and  bynde 

Eight  in  your  breste  /  and  at  your  riper  age 

I  shal  wryte  to  you  /  herof  the  surplusage  518  you  the  rest. 


This  is  enough 
for  the  present. 
Mind  you  attend 
to  it, 


and  when  you're 
older  I'll  write 


Plesaunt  wordii's  I  avyse  you  to  the??2  saye, 
&  in  att  wyse  do  ye  yonr  delygence 
511         To  do  the??z  plesyre  and  reverence. 

^  And  at  this  tyme  this  treatise  shaft  suffice ; 
Do  pose  you  to  kepe  it  in  yonr  mynde, 
the  doctryne  which  for  you  I  devyse  ; 
&  dowteth  not,  fult  wett  ye  shaft  yt  fynde 
616       To  youT  honowre  ;  enrolle  yt  vp  &  bynde 
Right  m  yowr  brest,  &  at  yowr  rypcr  age 
I  shaft  write  you  here-of  the  surplusage. 


\  Hill's  Tixt.] 


52  THE    ORIEL    TEXT. 

[75] 

Pi  00,  litle  childe,  and  who  doth  you  Aj^pose, 
^  Seying,  youre  quaire  kepeth  non  accordaunce, 
Tell  [hym],  as  yite  neyther  of  rjrmie  ne  prose  521 

Ye  be  experte  ;  pray  hym  of  sufferaunce  ; 
Childer  must  be  of  childly  gouernaunce, 

And  they  must  also  entredet '  be  '  ^eaci  nntreted 

Wyth  esy  thyng,  [and  not]  of  subtilte.  525 

[76] 

"U'oure  lytil  quaier  su??imitteth  euery  where 
-■-  To  corecc/on  and  beneuolence, 

But  where  enuie  is,  loke  hit  come  not  there,  528 

For  eny  thing  kepith  youre  trety  thense  ; 
Enuie  is  full  of  frowarde  reprehense. 

And  howe  to  hurte  liethe  euere  in  awayte, 
Kepeth  youre  quaiere,  that  hit  be  not  her  baite. 

EXPLICIT. 
DOMINE,  SALUUiV/  FAC    REGEM. 


^  Go,  lititt  lohn,  &  who  doth  you  oppose,  muvs  tcti.] 

520       sayenge  yowr  quayre,  kepeth  no?z  accordavnce; 
Telt  hym  as  3et  neythere  in  ryme  ne  prose 
ye  ben  experte  ;  pray  hym  of  suffraunce. 
Chyldren  '  muste  be  of  childy  gouernavnce,         »  ms.  ayidren. 
524         &  also  thei  muste  entreted  be 

With  easy  thynge,  &  not  with  subtilte. 


OAXTON  S    TEXT. 


53 


[75] 

Go  lytyl  loBn  /  and  who  doth  you  appose 
Sajnag  your  quayer  /  kepe  non  accordance 
Telle  hym  as  yet  /  nejiiher  in  ryme  ne  prose 
Ye  ben  expert  /  praye  hym  of  suffirance 
Chyldren  muste  be  /  of  chyldly  gouemance 
And  also  they  muste  entretyd(3  be 
"With  esy  thing  /  and  not  with  subtylte 

[76] 
Go  lytil  quayer  /  submytte  you  euery  Avhere 
Vnder  correction  of  benyuolence 
And  where  enuye  is  /  loke  ye  come  not  there 
For  ony  thinge  /  kepe  your  tretye  thens 
Enuye  is  ful  of  froward  reprehens 
And  how  to  hurte  /  lyeth  euer  in  a  wayte 
Kepe  your  quayer  /  that  it  be  not  ther  bayte 


Whoever 
questions  you, 


KOI    ?*y  y  °^  ^""^  "o' 
^'■^  •'•    yet  up  in  rime  or 


525 


Little  book, 
I  submit  you  to 
correction : 


528 


but  go  not  where 
envy  is. 


532 


Explicit  the  book  of  curtesye. 


^  Go,  lytilt  quayer,  submyte  you  eue/y  where 
vnder  correcc^on  of  benevolence  ; 
528     &  wher  envy  ys,  loke  you  cum  not  there, 
ffor  any  thyng  kepe  yo?/r  treatye  thens; 
Envye  ys  fult  of  froward  reprehens, 
&  how  to  hurte  lyeth  ever  in  a- wayte ; 
632         kepe  yowr  quayre  fJmt  yt  be  not  ther  bayte. 

Here  endyth  A  lytytt  treatyse 

called  the  boke  of  curtesy  or  lititt  Tohan. 


IHUl's  Text.] 


INDEX. 


H.  stands  for  Hill's  MS.  at  the  bottom  of  the  pages,  0.  for  the  Oriel  MS.  on  the 
even  pages.     Cot.  is  for  Cotgrave's  Dictionary. 


Absolom  with  dissheveled  hair, 
1.  460. 

Amyse,  1.  376,  amice.  Fr.  amid, 
an  Amict  or  Amice,  part  of  a  mass- 
ing priest's  habit.  Cot.  From  L. 
amicire,  to  throw  round  ;  am  and 
jacere.  Mahn. 

Annoy  no  man,  \.  170.    , 

Apayer,  1.  399  H.,  appeyre,  0., 

worsen,  impair. 
Apish,  don't  let  your  dress  be,  1. 

486. 
Appose,    1.    519,   question.     See 

Oppose. 
Avale,  1.  457,  lower,  take  off. 
Ave  Maria,  say,  1.  27,  77. 
Avoyde,  1.  271,  emptjdng. 

Austin,  St,  tells  men  how  to  be- 
have at  table,  1.  158. 

Author  is  old,  1.  414-18. 

Authors,  the  right  ones  to  read, 
1.  323,  335,  351,  365,  393. 

Bearing,  men  praised  or  blamed 

for  their,  1  153. 
Belch  not,  1.  202. 
Beware  of  ruskyn,  1.  451. 
Birds     and   beasts,    don't   throw 

stones  at,  1.  64. 


Blow  not  in  your  drink,  1.  190. 

Brecheles,  1.  300,  without  breeches, 

of  flogging. 
Breth,  1.  203,  wind. 

Capron,  H.,  chappron,  0.,  1.  457. 
O.  Pr.  Chaperon,  "  habillement  de 
tete."  Roquefort.  Provenpal,  capay- 
ron,ixom.  Lat.  caput,  Skeat.  Chaperon 
.  .  any  hood,  bonnet .  .  .  Fu  Chaper- 
on fait  a  Ven  veux,  A  notable 
whipster  or  twigger  ;  a  good  one 
I  warrant  her.  Cotgrave.  '  Capron 
hardy '  must  then  be  '  a  bold  or 
saucy  young  scamp.' 

Cantelmele,   1.    409,    piecemeal  : 

cantel,  a  corner,  bit. 
Chaucer,  read  his  works  full  of 

pleasance,  1.  335-350. 
Chere,   1.    131,   face,    expression 

on  it. 
Childly,  adj.  1.  523,  O.,  childy, 

H.,  fitted  for  children. 
Children  are  like  wax,  1.  6. 
Church,    how    to    behave   at,    1. 

71-98. 
Clappe,  1.  80,  noise. 
Claw  not  your  visage,  1.  1 94. 
Comb  your  head,  1.  36. 
Communicative,  be,  1.  316. 


55 


Compace,  1.  469.     Fr.  eompas,  a 

corapasse,  a  circle,  a  round. 
Constaunce,  1.  102.  Fr.  Constance, 

stabilitie,  lirmenesse.  Cot. 
Couenable,  1.  487.  Fr.  convenahhy 

apt,    fit,     meet     for,    beseeming, 

seeralie,  &c.     Cot. 

Crede,  say  it,  1.  77. 

Cross  yourself  on  rising,  1.  25. 

Cumpenable,  1.151.   Fr.  compagn- 

able,  companable,  frieudlie,  sociable. 
Cunning,    (knowing)    men,    take 

heed  to  them,  1.  478,  1.  498-504. 
Cup,  soil  not  youi's,  1.  18G. 

Dancing,  right  for  a  child,  1.  305. 

Deprave,  1.  157,  backbite,  run 
down.  Fr.  despraver,  spoyle,  marre, 
make  crooked,  wrest,  wry  to  bad 
purposes.     Cot. 

Detraction,  the  "vice  of,  1,  163. 

Disauayle,  1.  290,  harm,  damage. 

Discreue,  1.  392,  describe. 

Disculede,  1.  460,  0.,  dissheveled. 

Disteyne,  1.  407,  stain,  spot. 

Dogs,  don't  irritate  them,  1.  67. 

Dress,  to  be  manerly,  1.  47,  52  ; 
to  be  reasonable,  I.  485. 

Ears,  clean  yours,  1.  37. 
Entredet,  1.  524,  0.,    entretyde, 

H.,  taught. 
Envy,  keep  clear  of,  1.  528. 
Estate,  1.  122,  lord  noble. 

Exercyse,  excersyf,  1.  318,  ?  prac- 
tised, able  to  handle  a  subject.  Fr. 
exercer,  to  handle,  manage.     Cot. 

Eye,  cast  not  yours  aside,  1.  101. 

Face,  have  no  spots  on  it,  1.  38. 

Farsyone,  1.  186,  H.,  stuffing  : 
farse  (or  ferce,  1.  191),  to  stuff; 
farsure,   stuffing.      Cp.    Chaucer's 


ferthyng,    of   the    Prioress,    Frol. 
Cant.  T.,  and  the  Oriel  text. 

Fetis,  1.  443,  O.,  fashions.  Fr. 
faict,  feat,  prauke,  part.     Cot. 

Fewe,  1.  171,  little,  few  words. 

First  i)lace,  don't  take  it,  1.  493. 

FoUow  vii-tue,  1.  481. 

Founders  of  our  language  ;  re\'ive 
their  praise,  1.  431. 

Fulsom,  1.  257,  ?  full,  satisfied  ; 
or  helpful,  A.S.  fj/ld,  help,  assist- 
ance. 

Fulsoranes,  1.  401,  fulness,  plenty. 
Tulnesse  or  pleute  (fulsuy/messe, 
K.  H.  P.)  Habtmdancia,  copia' 
Promptorium. 

Games,  play  only  at  proper  ones, 
1.  296. 

Girdle,  don't  loose  youi-s  at  table, 
1. 197. 

Glaynes,  1.  412,  0.,  gleynes,  1. 
422,  0.,  gleanings.  Fr.  glatie,  a 
gleaning  ;  also  the  corne  thats 
gleaned  or  left  for  the  gleaner.  Cot. 

Gluttonous,  don't  be,  1.  180. 

Good  cheer,  make  it  serve  for  a 

scanty  table,  1.  253-5. 
Gower's    moral    writings,    read 

them,   1.    323  ;  and  his    Confessio 

Amantis,  1.  32ri 

Halke,  1.  124,  generally  means 
corner  ;  A.S.  heal,  an  angle,  a 
comer ;  but  another  heal  is  a  hall, 
place  of  entertainment,  inn,  which 
may  be  the  meaning  here. 

Hands,  wash  yours,  1.  43 ;  wash 
'em  clean  at  table,  1.  202-5. 

Hanging,  the  servant  that  deserves 
it,  st.  65,  0. 

Harping  recommended,  1.  304. 

Head,  don't  scratch  it  at  table, 
1. 194. 

Holy  water,  1.  72. 


56 


INDEX. 


Humaiiite,  1.  497,  Fr.  humanite, 
courtesie,  ciuilitie,  gentlenesse. 
Cot. 


Tnliaunce,  1.  433,  put  forward,  up. 
Lat.  in  aiitea,  Prov.  enansar,  to 
advance,  exalt.     Wedgwood. 

Iiiterrapt  no  roan's  talk,  1.  275, 

283. 
Is,  1.  386,  0.,  his. 
lubiter,  1.  371,  378,  God. 

Jangelynge,  1.  80,  chattering. 

Kery,  1.  369,  K-vpte,  Lord,    [have 

mercy  upon  us !] 
Knife,  don't  put  it  near  your  face, 

1.  192. 

Ladde,  1.  476,  0.,  lade,  H.,  a 
thong  of  leather,  a  shoe-latcliet. 
Halliwell. 

Language,  silver,  is  to  be  learnt 
only  from  our  old  poets,  st.  58, 
1.  400-6. 

Lewed  (ignorant),  he  must  be  who 

will  not  learn,  1.  21. 
Lips,  wipe  yoiu's  before  drinking, 

1.  186,  189. 
Look  men,  you  speak  to,  in  the 

face,  1.  99. 
Louse,  1.  462,  catcliing  lice. 
Luting  recommended,  1.  302. 

Lydgate,  John,  my  master,  1.  365; 
read  his  volumes  large  and  wide, 
1.  879. 

Malapert,  Jack,  don't  play,  1.  491. 
Tr.  Muiere,  malapert,  outrageous, 
ever  doing  one  mischiefe  or  other. 
Marmiton,  a  saucie,  malapert,  or 
knauish  fellow.     Cot. 

Malouse,  1.  461,  Malo's. 

Manner  &  measure  should  guide 
you,  1. 125. 


Manners  make  man,  1.  238. 
IMass,  help  the  priest  at,  1.  85. 
Matins,  our  Lady's,  1.  32. 
Mouth,  eat  Avith  it  shut,  1.  241. 
Multiply  talking,  don't,  1.  320. 

JSTails,  clean  yours,  1.  44 ;  don't 
pare  tliem  at  table,  1.  247. 

IsTorture,  1.  436,  deportment, 
manners. 

I^ose,  clean  it,  1.  39 ;  don't  pick 
it,  1.  41. 

OcKLTF ;  read  his  translation  of 
Be  Eegimine  Priticlpum,  \,  351-64. 

Oppose,  1.  518,  'I  oppose  one,  I 
make  a  tryall  of  his  lernyng,  or  I 
laye  a  thyng  to  his  charge,  ie  appose.' 
Palsgrave.  See  Towneley  Mysteries, 
pp.  193-95.  Way,  inPromptorium. 
We  may  bi  oiu'e  law  examyne  hym 

fyrst  .  .  . 
.  .  let  me  oppose  hym  .  .  . 

T.  Myst,  p.  195. 

Outrage,  L  278,  outrageous,  beyond 
bounds,  too  talkative.  See  Mala- 
pert. 

Owers,  1,  34,  see  pryme. 

Pater  noster,  say  yours,  L  26,  77. 

Pendable,  L  455,  0.,^v. pendahle, 
hangable,  that  deserves  hanging, 
thats  fit  to  be  hanged.     Cot. 

Poor  table,  men  to  be  cheerful  at, 

1.  258. 
Presumption,  beware  of,  1.  492. 
Pride,  beware  of,  1.  492. 

Print  your  words  in  your  mind 
before  you  speak  them,  1.  282. 

Pryme  &  owers,  1.  34.  'The  prime 
and  other  Iiotirs  are  the  services  Ad 
primam  hmam.  Ad  tertiam.  Ad 
sextam,  and  Ad  nonam.  founa  in  the 
Primer,  or  layman's  prayer-book. 
They  arc  sometimes  called  the 
middle     liours,    as    distinguished 


from  Matins   and  Vespers.' 
Bradshaw. 


IN'DEX 

H. 


57 


Quaire,  1.  520,  526,  532,  qiiii-e, 
pamphlet,  treatise. 

Eavenous,  don't  be,  1.  176. 
Read  eloquent  books,  1.  310. 
Eehersaylle,     1.     288,    rehearsal, 

repetition. 
Repeat    conversations,    don't,    1. 

288. 
Report  (tale-telling)  is  the  chief 

nurse  of  mischief,  1.  135. 
Reward,  1.  127,  look  at,  watch. 
Rising,  what  to  do  on,  1.  23. 

Secret,  keep  what   you    hear,   1. 

134. 
Sewe,  1.  481,  follow,  pursue. 
Silence,  keep,  1.   140;  in  hall,  1. 

20i. 
Siluerous,  1.  403,  0.,  silvern. 
Singing    lustily    is    good    for    a 

child,  1.  304. 
Speak  fair  to  folks,  1.  60. 

Speaking,    the  conditions  to  be 

observed  in,  1.  143. 
Spoon,  don't  put  it  in  your  dish 

or  on  the  table,  1.  267. 
Surplusage,!  518,  rest,  remainder. 

Syttyng,  1.  302,  fit,  suitable. 
'  Syttyng  or  convenyent — m.  asse- 
ant  .  .  aduenant.'     Palsgrave. 

Table,  how  to  wait  at,  1.  113. 


Tacches,  1.  176,  tache,  1.  198  ; 
Fr.  tache,  a  spot,  staine,  blemish. 
Cot. 

Taches,  H.,  teches,  0.,  1.  453, 
manners. 

Teeth,  don't  pick  'em  with  your 
knife,  1.  248. 

Terre,  1.  67  ;  tar,  to  set  on,  pro- 
voke ;  0.  Fr.  atarier.  They  have 
terrid  thee  to  ire.  Wiclif,  Psalms. 
So.  tirr,  to  snarl ;  quarrelsome,  crab- 
bed.   Wedgwood. 

Thewed,  1.  20,  mannered. 

Towel,  don't  sod  it,  1.  263,  266. 

Traverse,  1.  242,  change  from  side 

to  side. 
Trencher ;   keep  yours   clean,  1. 

269. 
Trety,  1.  529,  treatise. 
True  as  the  gospel,  1.  503. 

"Weyne,  1.   166,  A.S.  ivanian,  to 

diminish,  take  away. 
Wind,   break  not,  up  or  down, 

1.  202. 
"Wise  man,  the ;  his  marks  of  a 

youth  likely  to  be  bad,  1.  104; — 

his  counsel  as  to  speaking,  1.  137, 

147. 
Women,  always  take  good  heed 

to  them,  1.  506. 
Wyndlese,  1.  471,  windlass. 

Yanglers,  1.  207,  chatterers. 

YdeUye,  1.  315,  idly. 

Ynympariable,  1.  380,  unequalled, 
L.  par,  Fr.  pareil,  equal,  like. 


BUNGAY : 

CLAY    AND   TAYLOR,    PRINTERS, 

THE   CHAUCER   PRESS. 


he  (3{in|iiil 

matic  bu  maustcrc  ^lain  djarreticr, 


(£(lra  .Merits,  No.  liv. 
1888. 


BERLIN:  ASHER  &  CO.,  5,  UNTER  DEN  LINDEN. 

NEW  YORK:  C.  SCRIBNER  &  CO.;    LEYPOLDT  &  HOLT. 

PHILADELPHIA :  J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  &  CO. 


i;iv(>   djuifral 

mabc  bn  manstcrc  %hxn  (Kljavrtticr, 

^ranslutc^   thus   iu  (Engbssh  bu 

Milliant  Curion. 
1484. 


COLLATED     WITH     THE     FREXCII     ORIGINAL     BY 

PROF.    PAUL    MEYER, 

AND    EDITED    BY 

FREDERICK    J.    FURNIVALL, 

M.A.,  TBIN.   BALL,   CAMBEIDGJi;    HON.   BR.   PHIL.     BEHLIK. 


LONDON : 

PUBLISHT  FOR  THE  EARLY  ENGLISH  TEXT  SOCIETY 

BY  N.  TRUBNEK  &  CO.,  57  &  59,  LUDGATE  HILL. 

3IDCCCLXXXVIII. 


TO 

MY    FRIEND    AND    HELPER, 

F.  S.  ELLIS. 

F.  J.  F. 


€xttn   Scries. 

LIV. 

R.  CLAY    &,    SONS,    LIMITED,    LONDON    &   BUNGAY. 


FOREWORDS. 

Of  this  book  priiiteil  by  Caxton  in  1484  (no  doubt),  in  his  type 
No.  4*,  Mr.  Blades  says,  in  his  Biography  and  Typography  of 
William  Caxton,  2nd  edition,  1882,  p.  297  :— 

"  Caxton  translated  the  Curial  from  the  French  '  for  a  noble  and 
virtuous  Erie,'  probably  Lord  Rivers,  who  was  beheaded  at  Pomfret, 
on  June  13th,  1483. 

"Alain  Chartier,  born  in  Normandy  about  1386,  earned  for  him- 
self the  appellation  of  'excellent  orateur,  noble  poete,  et  tres-renomme 
rhetoricien.'  He  held  the  office  of  *  Secretaire  de  la  Maison '  to  both 
Charles  VI  and  Charles  VII.  He  died  about  1457.  The  most 
complete  editions  of  his  works  are  those  by  Galiot  du  Pre,  16mo, 
Paris,  1529;  and  by  Duchesne,  4to,  Paris,  1617.  In  the  former, 
however,  is  au  error  which  has  led  to  some  confusion,  as  *  Livre  de" 
I'Esperance '  is  there  entitled  '  Le  Curial,'  the  real  Curial  being  a 
much  shorter  piece,  and  totally  different  in  design.  By  the  '  Curial ' 
being  addressed  to  his  brother,  it  is  supposed  to  have  been  written 
by  Alain  to  Jean  Chartier,  known  as  tlie  author  of  '  Ilistoire  do 
C;harles  VII.' 

"  As  an  instance  of  the  great  repute  in  which  the  writhigs  of 
Chartier  were  held  in  his  age,  it  is  reported  that  Margaret,  the  wife 
of  the  Dau[)hin  of  France,  afterwards  Louis  XI,  finding  him  one 
day  asleep  in  his  chair,  kissed  his  lips,  to  the  great  astonishment  of 
her  attendants.  '  Je  ne  baise  pas  la  personne,  mais  la  bouche  dont 
estoient  sortes  tant  de  beaux  discours,'  she  exclaimed.  There  is  a 
painting  in  Add.  MS.  No.  15,300  (in  the  British  Museum)  vividly 
depicting  this  scene." 

The  above  statement  about  the  Daupliiness  kissing  Alain  Chartier, 
is  left  as  Mr.  Blades  wrote  it ;  but  he  cannot  have  seen  the  one 
illumination  in  the  Addit.  MS.  15,300.  That  pictures  a  big-headed 
crownd  lady  standing  up  with  her  arms  spread,  as  if  in  astonishment, 
Avitli  a  stout  man  lying  on  the  ground  before  her,  possibly  asleep, — 
his  left  hand  covers  part  of  his  face, — while  at  her  left  is  an  annd 


VI  FOREWORDS. 

man  leaning  on  a  2-handed  sword  ;  and  on  his  left,  a  seated  scribe 
writing.  In  the  backgronnd  is  the  city  wall,  with  a  turreted  gate, 
and  towerd  and  turreted  buildings  inside.  The  MS  is  one  of  Alain 
Chartier's  Quadrilogus  Invedlviis,  written  because  he  thought  the 
hand  of  God  was  upon  France,  inasmuch  as  "  en  I'an  mil  CCCC, 
vint  et  deux,  le  veisse  le  Eoy  anglois,  ancien  aduersaire  de  ceste 
scignenrie,  soy  glorifier  en  nostve  ignominieux  reproche,  Enrichir  de 
noz  despoilles,  et  desprisier  noz  faiz  et  noz  courages"  (leaf  5,  back). 
(If.  6)  "  Et  le,  men  de  compassion  pour  ramener  a  memoirs  I'estat  de 
TiOshQ  iufelicite,  &  a  chascun  ramenteuoir  ce  que  lui  en  touche,  Ay 
compose  ce  present  traictie  qiie  I'appelle  [Z/,  6,  hh.'\  '  quadrilogue ', 
poiu'ce  que,  en  quatre  persoTznages  est  ceste  euure  comprise.  Et  est 
dit  'lunectif,  en  tant  qu'il  procede  par  maniere  d'enuaisseme??t  de 
paroles,  et  par  forme  de  rcprandre." 

Of  the  Curial,  says  Mr.  Blades,  only  two  copies  are  known  ;  one 
is  in  the  British  Museum  (here  reprinted),  and  the  other  at  Althorpe, 
Lord  Spencer's  Library.     The  Collation  is 

"A  3"^,  signed  j,  ij,  iij,  Avithout  any  blanks  :  In  all,  six  leaves. 
There  is  no  title-page.  The  type  is  entirely  Xo.  4*.  The  lines,  which 
are  spaced  to  an  even  length,  measure  4-|  inches,  and  there  are  38  to 
a  fuU  page.  Without  catchwords  or  folios.  The  Text  begins  on 
sig.  .j.  recto  .  .  .  The  '  Curial'  finishes  on  the  sixth  recto  .  ,  .  On 
the  verso,  Caxton  has  given  us  the  translation  of  a  ballad,  written  by 
Alain  Chartier,  consisting  of  28  lines.  It  has  a  burthen  : — '  Xe 
chyer  but  of  a  man  Joyous.'  " 

In  itself,  the  Curial  or  Letter  has  little  literary  worth ;  but 
Caxton  englisht  it,  and  that  fact  justifies  its  reprint.  Moreover,  short 
books  are  always  handy  for  the  E.  E.  T.  Soc.  The  subject  is  the  old 
one  Avhich  afterwards  interested  Shakspere ; — compare  the  Duke, 
Touchstone  &c.  in  As  You  Lilce  It,  and  Belisarius  in  Ci/mleliue,  III. 
iii. ; — the  disadvantages  of  the  intriguing  restless  life  at  Court,  com- 
pared with  the  quiet  and  restfulness  of  the  country.  Two  books  on 
this  topic  which  are  well  worth  reading,  were  reprinted  by  Mr.  AV.  C. 
llazlitt  in  his  Roxhim/Jie  Lihravij,  1868  : 

1  A  Tevnlon  is  6  leaves,  12  pages.  A  4"  is  a  Qii(iti-rn'ion,'8  leaves.  A  5"  or 
Qitliitcrnlon,  is  a  section  of  5  sheets  folded  together  in  half,  making  10  leaves 
or  20  pages. — ib,  p.  KiS. 


FOREWORDS.  Vll 

1.  Cijuile  and  Vncijuile  Life,  as  its  headlines  call  it,  tho'  the  full 
title  is 

"  The  English  /  Courtier,  and  the  /  Cu«trey-geutleman :  /  A 
]ileasaunt  and  learned  Dis^iutation,  /  betweene  them  both  :  very  pro- 
litable  and  ne-  /  cessarie  to  be  read  of  all  Nobilitie  /  and  Gentlemen  / 
"Wherein  is  discoursed,  what  /  order  of  lyfe,  best  beseemeth  a  Gentle- 
man, (aswell  for  e-  /  ducation,  as  the  course  of  his  whole  life)  to  make 
him  a  /  person  fytte  for  the  publiquc  seruice  of  his  Prince  and  / 
Countrey.  /  Imprinted  at  London,  by  /  Eichard  lones :  dwelling  at 
the  signe  /  of  the  Eose  and  Crowne  neere  /  vnto  Holborne  Bridge. 
1586.  /     An  earlier  Qto.  1579. 

2.  [by  Nicholas  Breton.]  The  /  Court  and  Country,  /  or  /  A 
Briefe  Discourse  betweene  the  /  Courtier  and  Country-man ;  /  of  the 
INIanner,  Nature,  and  Condi-  /  tion  of  their  Hues.  /  Dialogue-wise 
sot  downe  betwixt  a  /  Courtier  and  Country-man.  /  Conteyning  many 
Delectable  and  Pithy  /  Sayings,  worthy  Observation.  /  Also,  neces- 
sary Notes  for  a  Covrtier.  /  Written  by  N.  B.  Gent.  /  London  / 
Printed  by  G.  Eld  for  John  AVright,  and  are  to  /  be  Sold  at  his 
Shoppe  at  the  Signe  of  the  Bible  /  without  Newgate.  /  1618.  / 

Alain  Chartier's  sketch  of  the  French  courtier  of  his  time  is  not 
a  cheering  one.  But  it  differs  little  from  those  of  the  English  Eliza- 
bethan courtier  by  Spenser  in  his  Colin  Clowt,  and  by  Harrison  in 
his  Description  of  England. 

Both  were  the  necessary  consequence  of  despots  being  the  sole 
sources  of  honour,  and  their  whims  being  law.  And  though  Society 
and  Fashion  still  breed  Flunkeyism  and  Falseness,  and  some  Dema- 
gogs pander  to  the  base  prejudices  of  all  classes  from  the  highest  to 
the  loAvest,  we  may  surely  believe  that  our  Victorian  time  is  better,  in 
this  regard,  than  the  Caroline  in  France,  or  the  Elizabethan  here. 

The  headlines,  side-notes,  and  modern  stops  of  the  Text  are  mine. 
Caxton's  tagd  d'  and  g<  are  not  reproduced. 

July,  188S. 

P.S.  Oct.  1888.  My  chance  sending  of  a  proof  to  my  old  friend 
Prof.  Paul  Meyer,  induced  him,  in  the  kindest  possible  Avay,  to  set 
aside  all  his  own  pressing  work,  and  not  only  collate  for  us  Caxton's 
English  with  the  French  original,  and  give  us  many  most  valuable 
corrections  and  explanations  of  Caxton's  text — see  the  footnotes, — 
but  also  to  hunt  out  and  copy  for  us  the  original  of  the  sup[)0scd 


VUl  FOREWORDS. 

Balade  by  Alain  Chartier  wliicli  Caxton  englisht  and  printed  at  the 
end  of  his  Curial.  Prof.  P.  ]\Ieyer  has  also  written  an  Introduction 
to  the  Ealade,  ■which  will  he  found  on  p.  17  below,  and  the  following 
comments  on  Alain  Chartier's  Curial,  and  Caxton's  englishing  of  it. 

All  our  Members  will  join  with  me  in  thanlcing  Prof.  Meyer  for 
his  great  kindness,  and  his  admirable  enrichment  of  the  present  little 
Text. 

COMMENT   BY    PROF.    P.   MEYER. 

The  French  Curial  has  been  printed  several  times  since  the  first 
edition  of  Alain  Chartier's  works  (Paris,  Le  Caron,  1489),  until 
Du  Chesne's  much  improved  edition  (Paris,  1617).^  The  manuscripts 
are  not  scarce,  but  those  which  I  have  seen  are  very  corrupt.  So 
are,  and  even  worse,  the  ancient  editions,  previous  to  Du  Chesne, 
Chartier  Avrites,  particularly  in  his  Curial,  a  refined  and  elaborate 
style  which  has  often  been  misunderstood  by  the  copyists.  AYe 
must  not  wonder  if  Caxton's  translation  is  not  free  from  mistakes. 
Some  of  these  are  to  be  traced  to  the  MS.  which  he  used,  some  to 
mere  misreadings,  some  to  excusable  misunderstandings.  A  due 
allowance  being  made  for  the  difficulties  of  the  task,  the  translation 
cannot  be  pronounced  to  be  wanting  in  force  and  intelligence.  One 
noticeable  peculiarity  in  Caxton's  anglicizing  of  the  Curial  is  the 
habit  of  rendering  some  of  the  words  of  the  original  by  two  con- 
secutive synonyms,^  one  of  them  being  the  very  word  of  Chaitier, 
the  other  a  more  generally  accepted  English  word.  For  example, 
p.  5,  1.  19,  "  ewrous  and  happy,"  for  the  Fr.  heureux  ;  1.  23,  "  rendre 
and  yelde,"  for  the  Fr.  rendre ;  p.  7,  1.  22,  "the  dore  ...  of  the 
chambre  or  wythdraught,"  Fr,  Vuys  du  ret  rait ;  p.  8,  1.  21,  "the 
ryghtes  and  droytes,"  Fr.  les  droits;  p.  9,  1.  27,  "  rendrid  and  gafe," 
Fr.  rendoient,  etc. 

"Whenever  Caxton's  translation  has  been  found  defective  or 
eiToneous,  the  French  text  has  been  quoted  from  Du  Chesne's 
edition  ;  the  MSS.  having  been  resorted  to  only  in  special  cases. — 
P.  M. 

1  For  a  full  description  of  the  editions,  see  Brunet,  Manuel  du  libraiir, 
under  Chartier  {Alain). 

^  This  practice  is  known  also  in  the  English  Bible  and  Prayer-book. — F.  J.F. 


coining  to  Court. 
Kn^lislit  by 
Win.  Caxtoii. 


Ciirial  of  %hin  CljiirrcticrJ 

■t        Here  foloweth  the  copye  of  a  lettre  Avhyclie  maistre        [sisn.j.] 
Alayn  Charetier  wrote  to  hys  brother  /  whyche  desired   Aialu  cimrtie'r' 
to  come  dwelle  in  Court  /  in  whyche  he  rehersetli  many   |)'is°nr!,tiic'rfrom 
niyseryes  &  wretchydnesses  therin  vsed^  /  For  taduyse 
8  hym  not  to  entre  in  to  it  /  leste  he  after  repente  /  like 
as  hier  after  folowe  /  and  hite  translated  out  of  frensshe 
in  to  cnglysshe  /  whyche  Copye  was  delyuerid  to  me 
by  a  noble  and  vertuous  Erie  /  At  whos  Instance  & 
12  requeste  I  haue  reduced  it  in  to  Englyssh. 

Yght  welbelouyd  brother,  &  persone  Eloquent  /  Dear  nrotiier, 
r  thou  admonestest  and  exhortest  me  to  prepare  &  get  you  a  place 

make  redy,  place  and  entree  for  the  vnto  the  lyf  *  ""  ' 
16  Curiall  /  Avhyche  thou  desirest  /  And  that  by  my  helpe 
and  requeste  thou  myghtest  haue  therin  offyce  /  And 
herto  thou  art  duly^  meuyd  by  comyn  errour  of  the 
people  /  whiche  repute  thonours  mondaync  &  pompes  of 
20  them  of  the  courte  /  to  be  thynges  more  blessyd  Sz  happy 
than  other  /  or  to  thende  that  I  luge  not  waP  of  thy 
desyre  /  Thou  wenest  parauenture  /  that  they  that  wayte   tlliMl(ill^'  iiint 

.  •  n  men  in  otliee  are 

on  oinces  /  ben  ni  vertuous  occupacions,  &  reputest  them   virtuous, 
24  the  more  worthy  for  to  haue  rewardes  &  merites  /  And 
also  thou  adioustest  other  causes  that  meue  the  thcrto  / 

1  Nearly  every  final  d  is  d'  in  the  original,  and  every  final 
g  has  a  like  curl  to  it. 

2  French  indencmnif,  luit  the  ;\IS.  used  by  Caxton  may 
have  had  dcucmciit. — 1*.  M. 

■*  The  French  had:    "'ou  iiliii  (^uc  jo  uo  jugo  mal  de  ton 
deslr."— P.  M. 


2         The  daihj  Dangers  and  Miseries  of  Life  at  Court. 


ami  that  you 
will  be  ill  the 
comitany  of  ine, 


your  old  friend. 


I  too  long  for  you. 


But  when  I  suffer 
daily  in  the 
public  service, 

I  feel  happy  that 
you  escape  my 
troubles  at  Court. 


[*  sign.j.  back] 


You  want  to  be 
with  me  at  Court. 
I  wish  more  to  be 
alone  with  you. 


by  tliexaniple  of  me  /  tliat  empesshe  my  selue  for  to 
scriie  in  the  courte  Eyall  /  And  to  thende  that  thou 
myghtest  vse  thy  dayes  in  takyng  compauye  wyth  me  / 
and   that   we    myghte   to-gidre    enioye    the    swettenes  4 
of  frendshyppe  /  whyche  longe  tyme  hatli  ben  bytwene 
vs  tweyne  /  And  thys  knowe  I  wel  /  that  thy  courage 
is  not  wythdrawen  fer  from  my  frendshyppe  /  And  tlie 
grace  of  humanyte  is  not  dreyed  vp  in  the  /  whyche  8 
compryseth  hys  frende.s  as  presente,  And  leueth  not  at 
nede  to  counseylle  &  ayde  them  absents  to  hys  power  / 
And  I  trowo  that  thyn  absence  is  not  lasse  greuous  to 
me  /  than  myn  is  to  thy  self  /  For  me  semeth,  that  12 
thou  beyng  absents,  I  am  there  where  the  places  and 
affayres  desioyne  vs  /  But  by  cause  god  of  fortune  hath 
so  departed  our  destynee  /  that  thou  awaytest  frely  on 
thyn  owne  pryuate  thynges  /  And  that  I  am  occupyed  16 
on  thynges  publycque,  &  seruyses  in  sorowful  passions  / 
that  whan  I  haue  on  my  self  compassion  /  Thenne  am 
I  enioyed  of  thyn  ease  /  &  take  grete  playsir  /  in  this, 
that  tliow.  auoydest  the  myserries  that  I  suffre  euory  20 
day  /  And  yf  I  blame  or  accuse  fortune  for  me  /  I 
preyse  and  thanke  her  on  that  other  parte  for  the  /  For 
so  moche  as  she  hath  exempts  the  fro  the  augnysshes 
that  I  suffre  *in  the  courte  /  And  that  she  hath  not  24 
made  vs  bothe  meschaunte  / 

Thou  desirest,  as  thou  sayst,  to  be  in  the  courte  wyth 
me  /  And  I  coueyte  yet  more  to  be  prjaiely  and  syngulerly 
wyth  the  /  And  also  for  me  thou  woldest  gladly  leue  thy  28 
frau^chyse  and  pryuate  lyf  /  I  ought  more  gladly  for  the 
loue  of  the,  leuc  thys  seruytudc  mortell  /  For  as  moche 
as  loue  acquyteth  hym  better  in  humble  tranqullyte  tlian 
in  orguyllous  myserye  /  late  hyt  suffyse  to  the  &  to  32 
me  /  that  ons  of  vs  tweyne  be  Infortunat  /  And  that 
by  my  meschaunte  lyf  thou  mayst  see  and  knowe  more 
certaynly  that  one  and  that  other  fortune  /  But  what 
domaundcst  thou  /  Thou  sechest  the  way  to  lese  thy  36 


Keep  away  from  Court !   It  is  full  of  Liars  and  Ill-doers.    3 
self  /  by  thexamplc  of  nie  /  And   wylt  lepe  fro  the   why  win  you 

.  jump  tVom  the 

hauen  of  sewerte  /  for  to  drowne  thy  self  in  the  see   Haven  of  security 

into  tlic  Sea  of 

of  peryl  and  myserye  /  Eepentest  thou    the  to    naue  Misery? 
4  lyberte  /  Art  thou  annoyed  to  lyue  in  peas  /  humayne 
nature  hath  suffrcd  suche  vnhappynes  /  that  she  ap-   Human  Nature 

ahvays  longs  for 

petyteth  and  desireth  to  haue  that  thyng  /  whyche  she  wiiat  it  hasn't. 
hath  not  /  Thus  misprysest  thou  the  peas  of  thy  corage  / 
8  and  the  sure  estate  of  thy  thought  /  And  by  therrour 
of  mcsprysement  whyche  thou  hast  goten  /  the  thynges 
whyche  of  theyr  owne  condicion  ben  more  to  be  mes- 
prised  /  than  they  that  ben  shewde  by  the  lyf  of 
12  another^  /  I  nieruaylle  me  mochc  /  how  thou,  that  art 
prudent  and  wyse  of  goodes^  /  art  so  ouerseen  and  fro 
thy  self,  for  to  dar  expose  thy  self  to  so  many  perillis. 
And   yf  thou    wylt   vse   my   counseyl    /    Take    none   But  take  my 

ailvioe:  Don't 

IG  example  by  me  for  to  poursewe  the  courtes  /  K^e  the   come  to  Court, 
publycque  murmures  of  hye  palaysis  /  But  alleway  late 
my  perjdle  be  example  to  the  for  to  fie  and  eschewe 
them  /  For  I  dar  not  affernie  /  that  emonge  the  bruyt 

20  of  them  that  torne  /  be  ony  thyng  stedfasfc  ne  hol- 
somme  /  Thou  shalt  wene  &  hope  to  fynde  /  exercite  of 
vertu  /  in  myserye  thus  co»imune  &  publycque  /  And 
so  certaynly  shalt  thou  fynde  /  yf  thou  makest  thy  view^ 

24  to  fight  co«staii«tly  agenst  alle  vices  /  But  be  wars  & 
make  good  watche  that  thou  be  not  the  fyrst  that  shal 
be  ouercome  /  For  I  saye  the  /  that  the  courtes  of  hye   com  ts  are  full 
prynces  be  neuer  disgarnysshed  of  peple  deceyuyng  by  buiues,  flatterers, 

liinderevs  of  {jood. 

^  Caxton's  phrase  seems  to  be  unfinished.  The  Fv.  has: 
"Les  clioses  qui  de  leur  mesme  condition  (that  is,  on  account 
of  their  very  condition)  sont  phis  a  mespriser  ijue  par  vices 
(var.  que  par  la  vie,  Caxton's  rending)  d'autniy  a  priser,  tii 
tones  et  crnnces"  The  last  words,  "tiiou  praisest  and  exaltest," 
seem  to  liave  been  left  out. — P.  M. 

2  of  fffHxLi  has  no  meaning.  The  French  has  :  "...  qui 
es  prudent  et  saige  dccu'iix  si  forsene."  Caxton  may  have  mis- 
read de  h'icnx  instead  of  derienn,  becomest. — P.  M. 

^  Caxton's  view  is  a  mistake  for  vow,  Fr.  vcu  :  "se  tu  fais 
veu  de  batailler,"  if  tliou  vowest,  or  takest  a  pledge,  to  be  con- 
stantly fighting.— P.  M. 


No  Courtier  succeeds  who  is  not  corruptible. 


Our  poor 
hiimiinily  follows 
b;ul  exiiniples. 

[*  sign,  ij.] 


If  j'ou  keep 
virtuous, 


you'll  be  iiiockt 
and  bated ; 


fayr  langago  /  or  feryiig  by  menaces  /  or  stryuyng  by 
enuye  /  or  cornipte  by  force  of  yeftes  /  or  blandyssh- 
yng  by  flaterers  /  or  accusyng  of  trespaces  /  or  enpcssh- 
yng  &  Icttyng  in  som??ie  maner  wyse  /  the  good  wyl  of  4 
true  men ;  For  our  poure  humanyte  is  lyghtly  enclyned 
to  ensiewe  &  folowe^  the  maners  &  condycions  of  other  / 
And  to  doo  as  they  doo.    *And  vnnethe  may  he  escape 
that  is  asseged  and  assaylled  of  so  many  aduersaryes  /  8 
N"ow  late  vs  graunte  that  thou  woldest  perseuere  in 
vertue  /  And  that  thou  sholdest  escape  the  vycyous  and 
the  corrupcion  of  suche  vycyons  persones  /  yet  in  thys 
caas  thou  haddest  vaynquysshed  none  but  thy  self  /  12 
But  thys  had  ben  better  that  thou  haddest  don  it  in 
thy  owne  secrete  pryue  place.     And  be  thou  certayn, 
that  for  thy  vertue  thou  shalt  be  mocqued,  and  for  thy 
trouthe  thou  shalt  be  hated  /  or  that  thy  dyscrecion  16 
shal  cause  the  to  be  suspecte  /  For  ther  is  nothyng 
more  susj)ecte  to  euyl  peple  /  than  them  whom  they 
knowe  to  be  Avyse  and  trewe  / 

Tlie  reste   thenne  is    thys  /  that  thou  shalt  haue  20 
labour   wythoute   fruyt  /  And    shalt   vse   thy   lyf   in 
pcrylle  /  And  shalt  gete  many  enuyous  at  the  /  And  yf 
thou  stryue  at  theyr  enuye  /  or  that  thou  takest  venge- 
ance /  I  telle  to  the,  that  thy  vengement  shal  eugendre  24 
to  the,  more  greuous  aduersytees^  than  thou  haddest 
tofore  /  And  by  the  contrarye  /  they  that  conne  dys- 
syrayle,   ben   preysed,   and  vse  better  theyr  tyme   in 
courtes    than    the    other   peple  /   The    abuses   of   the  28 
Corruption  is  Uie    courtc  /  And  the  maucr  of  the  peple  curyall  or  courtly 
success  at  Court,     ben  suche  that  a  man  is  neuer  suffred  tenhaunce  hym 
self  /  but  yf  he  be  corrumpable  /  For  vertue  whyche  is 
in  so  many  maners  enuyed^  /  yf  she  be  not  prowde  /  32 
she  is  mesprysed  /  yf  she  bowe  not  /  she  is  by  force 
sette  abacke  /  yf  she  be  broken  or  huvtc,  she  is  by  force 

^   Or'uj.  folo-lowe  ^  Fr.  adversalrcs.—V.  M. 

3  Auuthor  mistake  of  Caxtoii 'a:  the  French  is 'e«t"in)««C(?.' — P.  M. 


your  life  '11  be  in 
danger. 


and  you'll  be 
worse  off  than 
before. 


Fortunes  whims,  and  her  treatment  of  Courtiers.  5 

hunted  awfiy  /  wlio  is  ho  ilieiinc  that  may  kope  hyin 
that  he  be  not  corrupt  or  coromped  /  or  avIio  is  he  that 
shall  escape  without  hauyng   harme  /  Suche    be    the 
4  werkes  of   the  courte,  that  they  that  be  symple  ben   The  simple  me 

despised,  the 

mesprysed  /  the  vertuoiis  enuyed  /  And  the  prowde  virtuous  euvica. 
arrogaunts  in  mortel  peryllis  /  And  yf  thou  be  sette 
doun  and  put  aback  vnder  the  other  couityours  / 
8  Thou  shalt  be  enuyous  of  theyr  power  /  yf  thou  be  in 
niene  estate  /  of  whyche  thou  hast  not  suffysaunce  / 
thou  shalt  stryue  for  to  mounte  and  ryse  hyer  /  And  yf 
tliou  raayst  come   vnto    the    hye  secrets  whyche  ben 

12  strongly  for  to  doubte  and    drede  /  in  the    doubtous 
courteynes  of  the  most  hye  prynces  /  Thenne  shalt  thou 
be  most  meschaunt  /  Of  somoche  as  thou  wenest  to  be  when  yon  seem 
most  ewrous^  and  happy  /  so  moche  more  shalt  thou  be  anrtinhigh' 

1 G  in  grete  perill  to  falle  /  lyke  to  hym  that  is  mouTzted  in 
to  the  most  hye  place  /  For  to  i\\ein  whom  fortune  the 
variable  hath  most  hyely  *lyfte  up  /  and  enhaunsed  /   [*  sign.  ij.  back] 
resteth  nomore  but  for  to  falle  fro  so  hye  doun  /  by   tiien  Fortune 

20  cause  she  oweth  to  them  notliyng  but  ruyne  /  yf  thou 
haste  take  of  her  alle  that  thou  myghtest  /  and  that 
she  wold  gyue  /  thenne  art  thou  debytour  of  thy  self  / 
To  thende  that  she  rendre  and  yelde  hym  meschaunt  ami  make  you 

24  whom  she  had  enhaunsed  /  And  that  she  mocque  hym 
of  hys  meschef  whom  she  had  made  blynde  of  vayn 
glorye  of  hys  enhaunsyng  /  For  the  grete  wyndes  that 
blowe  in  hye  courtes  ben  of  suche  condicion  /  that  they 

28  only  that  ben  hyest  enhaunsed  /  ben  after  theyr  des-   as  soon  as 
poyntement  /  as  a  spectacle  of  enuye  /  of  detraction  /  ti,e  iiighest  posts, 
or  of  hate  vnto  alle  peple  /  and  fynde  them  self  sub-  and  hated  tm 
gettes  tyl  they  be  shamed  and  put  doun  emong  the 

32  peple^  /  And  that  they  that  tofore  poursiewed  to  them 

and  flatered  /  Eeporte  of  them  more  gretter  blames  and 

dyvysions^  than  the  other  /  For  multytude  of  peple 

^  Fr.  eurcnx  :  hem'  of  bonhcur,  malheur 
2  Fr.  "  entre  les  populaires,"  viz.  among  the  mob,  low  people. 
— P.  M.  3  Jlisprint  ?     Fr.  derisions.— V.  M, 


they  aie  abased. 


6     The  Fall  of  great  Lords  delights  Fortune.     Courtiers  seek  her. 


laughs  and  claps 
lier  hands  when 
great  lords  fall 
into  trouble. 


Men  of  high  and 
whole  hearts 
disregard 
Fortune. 


The  Court  thinks 
too  much  of 
Fortune. 

[*  sign,  iij.] 


mespryse  alwaye  them/  that  fortune  hath  most  aualed^ 
and  throwen  doun  /  And  also  is  envyous  of  them  that 
she  seeth  enhaunsed  and  lyft  vp  /  Fortune  gladly  hath 
sette  hys  eyen  on  hem  that  ben  in  hye  degree,  and  on  4 
the  soueraynes  yet  more  /  And  whan  she  pleyeth  wyth 
smale  and  poure  folkes  /  that  is  no  certayn  /  for  of  the 
nieschief  of  poixre  peple  she  retcheth  not  /  ne  doth  but 
smyle  /  But  she  lawgheth  wyth  ful  mouth,  and  smyteth  8 
her  paulmes  to  gydre,  whan  she  seeth  grete  lordes  falle 
in  to  meschyef  /  she  retcheth  but  lytel  for  tessaye  and 
preue  her  fortune  in  lytyl  and  lowe  places  /  But  for  to 
make  the  grete  and  myghty  to  falle  and  ouerthrowe,  12 
she  setteth  gladly  her  gynues  /  And    them  that  ben 
poure  &  caste   doun,  maketh   she  oftymes  to  ryse  & 
mounte  fro    certaynte   to    Incertaynte,  and    fro    good 
rewle  to  euyl  rewle  /  Them   deceyueth  she  gladly  /  16 
whom  she  fyndeth  esy  to    deceyue  /  and  variable  as 
she  is  /  But  she  doth  the  custommes  &  strength  to  them 
that  setteth  by  her.^   And  whan  she  seeth  her  despysed 
&  nought  sette  bj'^  /  thenne  she  leueth  them  in  peas  /  20 
But  she  flateryth  and  lawgheth  for  nought  vnto  them 
that  haue  hye  and  hole  courage  /  Now  she  essayeth  to 
luste  ayeust  them  that  ben  most  stronge  /  And  now 
she  enhaunseth  them  that  ben  most  feble  /  now  she  24 
lawheth  to  one  /  and  she  grymmeth  to  other  /  But  the 
man  that  hath  grete  corage  &  vertuous,  mespriseth  her 
lawhynges  and  mowes  /  And   nothyng  donbteth    her 
menaces  /  ^But  the  courte  maketh  ouer  moche  compte  28 
of  thys  fortune  /  that   draweth  the  peple  lyghtly  to 
her  /  *forgetyng  theyr  poure  estate  /  And  forgetyng 

1  From  a  val ;  orig.  Fr.  raralles,  cast  down. — P.  M. 

2  Wlmt  does  this  mean  ?  The  French  has  (in  MS.  texts, 
for  Du  Chesne's  edition  is  corrupt  here)  :  "  Mais  elle  Iiait  les 
constans  et  vertueulx  qui  elle  ne  font  compte."  Caxton  seems 
to  have  read  "Mais  eWefait  les  coysfiimcs." — P.  M. 

2—^  This  passage  was  completely  misunderstood  by  Caxton. 
He  ought  to  have  translated  •'  maketh  moche  more  compte  of 
thys  fortune  .  .  .  than  she  doth  of  the  w}se  men,"     French  : 


The  had  injlncncc  of  the  CmLvt  on  Morals  and  Manners.     7 

and  not  knowyng  them  self  as  sone  as  they  ben  en- 

haunceJ  /  whyche  the  wyse  men  do  not  /  whichc  for  But  wise  men 

rest  content. 

none  auauncenient  ne  hauyng  of  good,  enpayre  not  them 
4  self  3  /  There  assaye  thou  for  to  mounte  /  yf  thou  wylt 
leue  thy  lyberte  and  franchyse  /  Thenne  oughtest  thou 
to  knowe  /  that  thou  shalt  haue  habundaunce  thy  self  / 
whan  thou  shalt  wylle  to  poursewe  the  court  /  whyche 
8  maketh  a  man  to  leue  hys  propre  manors  /  And  to  applye   Tiie  Court  makes 

you  give  up  your 

hym  self  to  the  maners  of  other.     For  yf  he  be  veryt-   own  morals  for 

worse  ones, 

able  /  men  shal  holde  hym  atte  scole  of  fayntyse  /  yf 
he  loue  honest  lyf  /  men  shal  teche  hym  to  lede  dys- 

12  honest  lyf  /  yf  he  be  pacyent  /  &  sette  by  no  prouffyt^  / 
he  shal  be  left  to  haue  suffraunce  /  For  yf  he  can 
nought  /  men  shal  demau?ule  him  nothyng  /  And  also 
he  shal  fynde  none  /  that  shal  gyue  hym  ony  thyng^  / 

16  yf  he  entre  Inportunatly  /  They  that  be  Inportune  shal 

put  hym  abacke  /  yf  he  be  acustomed  to  ete  soberly  /   and  your  own 

^  -^  '    ''  ''    '     habits  for  other 

and  at  a  certayn  houre  /  he  shal  dyne  late,  and  shal   folk's, 
soupe  in  suche  facozm  that  he  shal  disacusto??ime  hys 
20  tyme   and   hys   maner   of   lyuyng  /  Yf  he   haue   be 

acustomed  to  rede  and  studye  in  bookes  /  he  shal  muse   At  Com-t,  the 

student  must 

ydelly  alday,  in  awaytyng  that  men  shal  open  the  dore   turn  idler  and 
to  hym,  of  the  chambre  or  wythdrauglit  of  the  prynce  / 

24  yf  lie  loue  the  rest  of  his  body,  he  shal  be  ennoyed^ 
now  here  /  nowe  there  /  as  a  courrour  or  renner  per- 
pctuell  /  yf  he  wil  erly  goo  to  his  bedde,  and  Eyse  late 
at  his  playsir,  he  shal  faylle  therof  /  For  he  shal  wake 

28  longe  and  late  /  and  ryse  ryght  erly  /  and  that  ofte  ho 

"Mais  la  court  fait  trop  plus  graut  compte  de  celle  fortune  .  . 

qu'elle  ne  fait  dcs  {eel.  les)  sages  qui,  pour  bien  avoir, 

ne  se  empirent." — P.  M. 

1  Fr.  "Et  non  chalant  d'avoir  prouffit,"  viz.  "and  cares 
not  to  have  profit." — P.  M. 

2  Mistranslation  arising  from  a  bad  text.  Fr.  "  S'il  ne 
s^ait  ou  ne  veut  riens  demander,  aussi  ne  trouvera  il  qui  riens 
lay  donne." — P.  M. 

^  Unless  Caxlon  printed  ^^ cnnoyed"  for  eimoycd,  envoyed, 
he  must  have  read  cnmiye ;  but  the  French  has  envoys,  sent 
on  an  errand. — P.  M. 


Place-hunter. 


8  The  dependence  of  Court  life :  the  independence  of  Connfry  life. 


Kveiy  one  must 
lose  his  natiiial 
rest. 


ami  yet  not  gain 
favour. 


Tlie  Courtier  is 
always  loiigd  in 
another's  house, 

and  must  eat, 
and  sleep  at 
another's  will. 


[♦  sign.  iij.  bacli] 


A  country  house- 
holder is  a  King 
in  his  own  house. 


Contrast  the  ills 
of  tlie  Court  and 
the  good  of  tlie 
Country, 
in  eating. 


sleeping 


slial  lese  tlie  nyght  wythout  slci:)yng  /  yf  he  studye  for 
to  fynde  frendsliyp  /  he^  slial  neuer  conne^  trotte  so 
niochc  tliurgli   the  halles  of  the  grete  lordes  that  he 
shal  fynde  her  /  but  she  holdeth  her  wythoute,  and  4 
entreth  not  wyth  ony  /  For  she  is  moche  better  knowen 
by  them  that  vsen  her,  whyche  ben  experte  of  reffuse  /^ 
throwen  doun    by  fortune  /  than  by  them  that  entre 
ygnoraunt  /  and  not  knowen  her  tornes  /   I^ow  beholde  8 
thenne  /  and  see,  whyche  of  the  two  thou  shalt  chese  / 
or  that  in  my  yssuyng  and  goyng  out  /  I  drawe  the  to 
our  comune  prouffyt,  or  in  thyn  entryng  thou  brynge 
me  to  our  comune   dommage  and  hurte  /  And  forgete  12 
not  that  who  serueth  in  the  courte  /  Alway  hym  be- 
houeth  to  be  a  gheste  /  and  herberowed   in    another 
mannes  hows  /  And  also  he  muste  ete  after  thappetyte 
of  other  /  and  otherwhyle  wythoute  hungre,  and  fayn  16 
he  maye/  And  in  lyke  wyse  he  muste  wake  otherwhyle 
atte  *  the  wylle  of  other  /  after  that  he  hath  begonne  to 
slepe,  and  by  grete  gryef,*  what  thyng  is  more  domageus 
than  to  sette  vnder  fortune  the  vertues  of  nature  /  and  20 
the  rj'ghtes  and  droytes  of  lyf  humayne  /  seen  that  it  is 
[not]  ^  a  thyng  more  free  in  a  man  /  than  to  lyue  naturelly. 
emong  vs  seruantes  of  courte  /  we  doo  nothynge  but 
lyue  after  thordonance  of  other  /  And  thou  lyuest  in  24 
thyn  hous  lyke  an  Emperour  /  thou  regnest  as  a  kyng 
paysyble  /  vnder  the  couuerte  of  thyn  hous  /  And  we 
tremble  for  drede  to  dysplayse  the  lordes  of  hye  houses  / 
Thou  mayst  ete  whan   thou   hast   hungre  /  at   thyn  28 
houre  and  at  thy  playsir  /  And  we  ete  so  gredyly  & 
gloutonnously,  that  other\vh)le  we  caste  it  vp  agayn 
and  make  vomytes  /  Thou  passest  the  nyght  in  slepyng 

1  he  means  friendship  ;  Fr.  "jamais  elle  ne  scet  troter." — 
P.M. 

2  be  able  to,  know  how  to 

3  reffuse  is  evident!}-  wrong.     The  French  has  "  expers  des 
ruses  (ed.jeux)  de  fortune,"  its  tricks. — P.  M. 

*  Fr.  "par  grief  somnieil,"  heavj-  sleep. — P.  M. 
5  Fr.  "  veu  qu'il  ?i'est  chose  plus  franche." — P.  M. 


Private  Life  is  fur  letter  than  rnhlic  Life  in  Courts.      9 

as  long  as  it  playsetli  the  /  And  wo,  after  ouermoche 
diynkyng  of  wynes  and  grete  paynes,  lye  doun  ofte  in 
beddes  ful  of  vcrmyne  /  &  sonitynie  wytli  sti-yf  and  and  beds. 
4  debate^  / 

lietourne,  brother  /   Eotourue   to  tliy   self  /   And 
lerne  to  know  the  felicite  /  by  the  myseryes  that  we   ifeoognise  the 

liappiness  o( 

sufti'e  /  But  no-man  preyseth  ynough  the  ayses  that  he  piivate iite. 
8  hath  in  his  pryuato  and  proprc  hous  /  but  he  that  to- 
fore  mespryseth  thanguysshes  that  ho  hath  snffred  in 
admynystracion  publycque  /  Arystotle  the  phylosophrc  XeUiiei- Aristotle 
gloryfyed  in  hym  self  /  that  he  had  left  the  bye  palays 
12  of  kyng  Alysaundre  /  And  had  Icuer  to  leue  there  hys 
discyple  Calistenes  /  than  there  longer  to  dwelle  / 
Dyogenes  also,  whiche  in  hys  tyme,  aboue  alle  other  nor  uiogenes 

cured  for  courts 

men  louyd  lyberte  and  fraunchyse,  Eefused  the  grete   orweauii. 

16  ry chesses  and  wordly  loyes  to  whyche  he  was  callyd  / 
he  fledde  them  for  to  enhabyte  and  dwelle  frely  wythin 
the  tonne  /  wherin  he  s-lepte  /  And  also  durst  somoche 
auau?ite  hym  /  that  he  was  more  puyssannt  prynce,  in 

20  that  he  myght  more  reifuse  of  goodes,  than  the  said 
Alysaundre  hath  power  to  gyue  hym.  For  the  veray 
phylosophre  /  that  can  Avel  mespryse  thambycious 
vanyte  of  the  peple  of  the  court  /  techeth  to  his  couu- 

24  seyllours^'  /  that  thcr  is  more  of  humanyte  in  smale   Tiiereismore 

Humanity  in 

thynges  and  eases^  /  than  iu  the  courtes  of  prynces  /  private  life  tiian 

ill  Princes'  courts. 

And  the  benes  of  Pictagoras  /  And  the  wortes  tliat 
Grace  ete  /  rendrid  and  gafe  better  sauour  /  than  that 

28  Sardanapalus  fonde  in  the  grete  and  delycious  wynes 
Aromatyrpies  that  he  draidvc  /  for  as  moche  as  the 
delyccs  were  medled  with  the  gallo  of  poyson  /  Feures  / 
&  anguysshes  mondaynes  /  that  he  had  alway  vpon  hys 

32  herte  /  not  only  our  lyf  /  but  thexaction  of  our  lyf  / 
hys  tormentis  adioyne  to  our  lyf  in  suclie  Avyse  that 

1  Fr.  "  atout  le  bast,"  nioiins  liiiriicssetl,  dressed. — P.  JI. 

2  Freiicli,  "Cur  vraje  J'/nlonnjj/uo  est  quaiul  on  sf;ait  nies- 
priser  .  .  .  et  ajipi-eiidre  a  .ses  rscolUcni." — P.  M. 

^  French  ('(ixen,  poor  bouses,  not  niitscx. —  P.  M. 

CURIAL.  B 


10   All  is  not  Gold  that  glitters.    Courtiers  seek  Titles,  not  Right. 


[*  Icafiiij.] 

Folk  tliink  much 
ol'a  Cdiirlier's 
ricli  dross ;  hut 
tliey  don't  know 
tlie  cost  anil 
trouble  of  it. 


Courtiers'  deck- 
ings are  not  won 
by  merit. 


They  think  more 
of  official  titles 
than  Riglit,  and 
of  Words  than 
Thii>gs. 


They  desire 
Honour,  tho'  they 
know  they  arn't 
worthy  of  it. 


*she  ne  hath  glorye  mondayne  /  ne  pompe  caduque 
wythoute  aduersyte  /  Oftymes  the  peple  make  grete 
wondrynges  of  the  Eyche  robe  of  the  courtyour^  /  but 
they  knowe  not  by  what  labour  ne  by  what  dyffyculte  4 
lie  hath  goten  it  / 

The  peple  otherwhyle  honoureth  and  worshypeth 
the    grete   apparaylle   of   a   puyssant   man,    But   they 
acompte  not  the  pryckkyng  that  he  hath  felte  in  the  8 
pourchassyng  of  it  /  ^e,  the  greuys  that  he  hath  goteii 
in   shewyng  of   yt  /   Othertymes    beholde   the   peple 
thordynauuces  and  grete  houshold  of  the  hye  and  grete 
lordes  /  but  they  knowe  not  of  what  dyspence  they  ben  1 2 
chai'ged  for  to  nourysshe  them  /  Ke  consydre  nothyng 
the  tytle  /  of  Avhydie  they  knowe  certaynly  /  that  they 
haue  in  them  no  merites  /  Yf  we  calle  an  hare  /  a  lyon  / 
or  saye  that  a  fayr  mayde  is  fowle"^  /  or  a  fowle  /  evoke-  16 
backed  /  haltyng  /  or  euyl  shapen,  to  be  as  fayre  as 
Helayne  /  that  shold  be  a  grete  lesynge  /  and  Avoithy 
of  derysion  /  And  allewaye  emonge  vs  courtyours  en- 
fayned  /  we  folowe  more  the  names  of  thoffyces  /  than  20 
the  droytes  and   ryghtes  /  we   be   verbal  /  or  ful  of 
wordes  /  and  desyre  more  the  w'ordes  than  the  thynges  / 
And  in  thys  we  ben  contrarye  to  the  wyse  Cathon  / 
whyche  desired  more  to  excersise  hyra  self  vertuously  24 
in  comune  offyce  and   publycque  /  than  to    haue  the 
name  /  And  in  suche  wyse  gouerneth  he  hym  self  / 
that  whan  he  was  called  /  he   was  allewaye   found e 
worthy  to  haue  better  than  he  was  callyd  to  /  And  28 
somoche  more  was  he  honowred  /  as  whan  he  fledde 
most  the  worldly  honours  /  But  by  the  contrarye  we 
coueyte  to    be  honowred  /  how  wel  that  we  ben  not 
worthy  /  And  so  take  the  honours  as  by  force  and  32 

1  Frencli,  "  De  la  riclie  robe  d'un  pcautoiiuier."  Evidently 
Caxton  did  not  iiuderstand  pantonnier,  a  vagabond,  a  con- 
temptible man. —  P.  M. 

2  Frencl),  "  que  une  jeune  lille  laide,  bossue,  ou  mal  atournce, 
fust  aussi  belle  comme  Helene." — P.  M. 


Stay  at  Home,  and  kcc])  atuay  frohi  the  Traitors  at  Court.     11 

strengtbo  /  er  we  ben  called  tlicrta.  And  lierof  folowcth 
that  we  lese  by  good  rygbt  /  that  wbyche  we  luge^  to 
our  self,  and  that  we  dar  demande  indewly  /  And  to 
4  saye  trouthe,  the  honours  flee  fro  vs  /  whyche  we 
poursewe  ouer  folyly  / 

Therefore,  brother,  I   counseylle   the  /  that   thou  so,  urother, 
delyte  the  /  in  thy   self  /   of  thy  vertue  /  For  she 
8  yeldeth  loyc  and  preysynge  to  them  that  lyue  wel  / 
late  thy  grete  suffysaunce-  rctuyne  the  wythin  thy  lytyl  stay  at  Home: 
Cenacle  /  And  repute  not  thy  self  vertuons  by  heryng 
saye,  as  done  men  of  the  courte  /  Eut  do  payne  to  be 

12  verytable  by  theffecte  of  the  werke  /  wherto  coueytest 
thou  the  gloryes  of  palayses,  whyche  for  theyr  wretched 
myserye  haue  nede  that  men  haue  pyte  *on  them  /  Ne    [*  leaf  iiij.  bacU] 
poursewe  it  not  in  fayt  /  But  by  the  playnt  of  myn 

IG  vnhappynes  /  folowe  not  me  /  by  cause  1  am^  oftymes   Do  not  follow  me 
cladde  wyth  the  bestc*  /  But  haue  pyte  and  compassion 
of   the    peryls  /  of    whyche    I    am    asseged  /  and    of 
thassaultes  of   whyche   I  am  enuyronned  nyght  and   wiioamaur- 

111T  rounded  with 

20  day  /  For  I  hauo  nede  to  beholde  on  what  foot  that  traitors,  and  must 
euery  man  cometh  to  me  /  And  to  note  and  markc  the   word.'  '"^  ^^^  ^ 
paas  and  the  peryl  of  euery  worde  that  departetli  fro 
my  mouth,  to  thende  that  by  my  vtteraimce  I  be  not 

24  surprysed  /  and  that  in  spekyng  vnpourueydly,  I  ne 
gyue  mater  to  ony  man  to  make  false  relacion  /  ne  to 
iuterprete  euyl  my  worde  /  whyche  I  maye  neuer 
reuoke  ne  put  in  agayn  /  For  the  courte  is  the  nourysshe   The  cmirt  breeds 

WE"  who  study 

28  of  peple  /  whyche  by  fraude  and  franchyse  /  studye  for   to  entrap  you  in 

talk 

to  drawc  from  one  and  other^  suchc  wordes  /  ]>y  whyche 

^  French,  "  ce  a  quoi  nous  ingcrotiK,"  arrogate,  claim  falsely, 
misread  jvgerom. — P,  M. 

2  French,  sovffrance,  patience,  endurance. — P.  M. 

3  Abridged  or  translated  from  a  corrupt  text.  French, 
"mais  par  la  jjlainte  de  mou  malheur  te  chastie  (viz.  change 
thy  mind),  ne  ne  rogarde  ou  ayes  consideration  a  ce  que  je  suis 
.  .  ."—P.  M. 

*  Piather,  "with  the  beste-cladde"  ;  French,  "avec  les 
niieux  vcstuz." — P.  M. 

^  "  Les  uns  dcs  autrcs,"  the  one  from  the  other. — P.  M. 


12     Competition  for  places  at  Court.     Uncertainty  of  success. 


that  they  ni;iy, 
by  disclosing  it, 
curry  favour  of 
the  great. 


You  are  soon 
supplanted  by  a 
new-comer, 


or,  if  yon  keep 
your  Place, 

envious  men 


will  give  bribes  to 
get  it  from  you ; 
and  then  you 
nuist  bribe  too. 


I5ut  in  private 
life,  in  your  own 
house,  you  are 
free. 


[*  leaf  v.] 


they  may  persecute  theui  /  by  that  /  Avhyche  by  the 
perylles^  of  other  /  they  may  entre  in  to  the  grace  of 
them  that  haue  auctoryte  to  helpe  /  or  to  annoye  /  And 
■\vhyche  take  more  playsyr  in  false  reportes  /  than  in  4 
verytable  and  trewe  wordes  /  yf  thou  haue  offyce  in 
courte  /  make  the  redy  to  fyghte  /  For  yf  thou  haue 
ony  good  /  other  shal  desyre  to  take  it  fro  the  /  and 
thou  shalt  not  escape  wythout  debate  /  Som?»e  slial  8 
machyne  by  som?«e  moyen  to  deceyue  the  /  And  the 
behoueth   to  tormente   thy  self  to  resist  hym  /  And 
after  whan  thou  shalt  liaue  e:nplo3'^ed  thy  body  /  thy 
tyme  and  thy  goodes  for  to  deffende  the  /  Another  12 
newe  one  cometli  to  the  courte,  &  shal  suppla?«te  thy 
benediction  /  And  shal  take  it  gylefully  fro  the  /  Thus 
shalt  thou  lese  wyth  grete  soroAve  /  that  whyche  thou 
haste  goten  wyth  grete   labour  /  Or  yf   thyn   ofiyce  16 
abyde  wyth  the  /  so  shal  thou  not  abyde  longe  wythout 
drede  and  fere  of  hym,  or  of  other  enuyous  wliyche  shal 
laboure  to  take  it  fro  the  /  Tofore  that  thou  hast  ony 
offyces  Thou  boughtest  peas  and  moderacion  to  lyue  /  20 
And  as  sone  as  thou  shalt  haue  it  /  thou  shalt  be 
deffyed  of  an  other  /  which  shal  enforce  hym  for  to 
gyue  largely  for  to  take  it  fro  the;  And  the  behoueth, 
maulgre  thy  self  /  that  thou  gyue  as  moche  as  he  /  to  24 
thende  that  thou  kepe  it  /  And  that  it  abyde  wyth  the  / 
Beholde  thenne,  brother,  beholde  /  how  moche  thy 
lytyl   lious    gyuetli    the  liberte  and  franchyse  /  And 
thanke  it  that  it  hath  receyuyd  the  as  only  lorde  /  28 
And  after   that    thy  dore  is  shette  and  closed,   ther 
entreth  none    other  but  suche  as  pleseth  the  /  Men 
knocke  oftymes  atte  yates  of  ryche  and  hye  palayses  / 
Ther  is  alleway  *noyse  and  murmure  /  In  gi-ete  places  32 
ben  grete  and  moche  peples  /  of  whyche  somwe  ben 
harde  pressyd  /  The  halle  of  a  grete  prynce  is  comunely 

1  French,  "ad  ce  que,  an  ruoyen  des  parolles  d'autriiy  qu'ils 
rapportent." — P.  M. 


Courtiers  deceive,  and  huy  and  sell  one  another.         13 
Infecte  and  eschaufed  of  the  brecth  of  the  peple  /  The   a  prhKc's  imii 

is  infected  wilh 

vssher  smyteth  wyth  hys  Rodde  vpon  the  heedes  of  people's  breath. 

The  Usher  hits 

them  that  ben  there  /  Som7ne  entre  by  forse  of  threst-  tiiem  on  the  \\cm\ 
4  yng  /  And  other  stryue  for  to  resyste  /  bom?ne  tyme  a 
poure  man  meschau?<t  that  hath  to-fore  be  sore  sette 
abacke,  is  further  sette  forth  than  an  other  /  And  the 
most  fyers  and  prowde  whom  a  man  durste  not  tofore 
8  tonche  /  is  put  further  aback,  and  is  in  more  gretter 
daunger  /  There  knoweth  nonian   in  certayn  yf   hys   No  one  is  safe  in 

his  situation. 

astate  be  sure  or  not  /  But  who  someuer  it  be,  ahvay  he 

is  in  doubte  of  hys  fortune  /  And  whan  thou  wenest  to 

12  be  most  in  grace  /  Thenne  remembre  the  [wordes]  of  the 

poete  that  sayth  /  that  it  is  no  grete  preysynge  /  for  to   There's  no  merit 

in  having  a 

haue  ben  in  the  grace  of  a  grete  jDrynce^  /  And  to  thende   Prince's  favour, 
that  thou  mayst  the  better  knowe  now  the  courte  /  I 
16  wyl  dyscryue  and  dyffyne  it  to  the  / 

The  courte,  to  thende  that  thou  vnderstande  it  /  is   Tiie  Court  is  an 

asseinblage  of 

a  couente  of  peple  that,  vnder  fayntyse  of  Comyn  wele,   mutual  deceivers, 
assemble  hem  to  gydre  for  to  deceyue  eche  other  /  For 

20  ther  be  not  many  of  them  but  that  they  selle,  bye  /  or 
eschange  somtj^me  theyr  rentes  or  propre  vestementis  / 
For  emonge  vs  of  the  courte  /  we  be  meschaunt^  and, 
newfangle  /  that  we  bye  the  other  peple  /  And  som??2- 

24  tyme  for  theyr  money  we  selle  to  them  our  humanyte 

precyous  /  we  bye  other  /  And  other  bye  vs  /  But  we  who  buy  and  seu 

one  another. 

can  moche  better  selle  our  self  to  them  that  haue  to 
doo  wyth  vs  /  how  moche  thenne  mayst  thou  gete  / 

28  that  it  be  certayn  /  or  what  sewrte  /  that  it  be  wythout 
doubte  and  wythout  peryll  /  wylt  thou  goo  to  the 
court  for  to  selle  or  lese  /  the  goodnes  of  vertues  whyche 
thou  haste  goten  wythoute  the  courte  /  I  saye  to  the, 

32  whan  thou  enforcest  the  to  entre/  thenne  begynnest  Any  one  who 

enters  it,  loses  the 

thou  to  lese  the  seygnorye  of  thy  self  /  And  thou  shalt   rule  of  himself, 

^  Principibus  placuisse  viris  non  ultima  laus  est. — Horat. 
Epist.  I,  xvii.  35.— P.  M. 

2  Fr.  "  marchans  affaictez,"  trick)'  dealers. — P.  M. 


14    Court-Life  is  evil.    The  Court  is  deceitful  and  ungrateful. 


and  gets  only 
lies,  bur«iens, 
and  troubles. 


[*  leaf  V.  back] 


Court  life  is 
unstable,  and  evil. 


Keep  clear  of  it ! 


Stand  on  the 
bank,  and  see  us 
wilfully  drown 
in  it. 


The  Court  draws 
simple  men  to  it 
like  a  Harlot  does, 
by  false  promises. 


nomore  enioye  the  droyte.s  and  ryglites  of  tliy  franchyse 
and  liberte  /  Certes,  brother,  thou  demandest  that  / 
whyche  thou    oughtest   to  deffye  /  And  fyxest  thyn 
hope   in   that  /   that    shal    drawe    the   to    peryl    and  4 
perdicion  /And  yf  thou  come  /  the  courte  shal  serue 
the   with   so    many    contryued  lesynges  on    that   one 
parte  /  And  on  that  other  syde,  she  shal  delyuere  to 
the  so  many  cures  and  charges  /  that  thou  shalt  haue  8 
wytliin  thy  self  contynuell  bataylle  /  thought  /  and 
anguysshes  /  And  for  certayn  a  man  may^  not  *wel 
saye  /  that  he  is  wel  happy  /  that  in  tyme  of  tempeste 
is  bought,  and  in  so  many  contrarytees  assay eed  and  12 
prouved  / 

And  yf  thou  demandest  /  what  is  the  lyf  of  them 
of  the  courte,  I  answere  the,  brother  /  that  it  is  a  poure 
rychesse  /  An  habundance  myserable  /  an  hyenesse  that  16 
falleth  /  An  estate  not  stable  /  A  sewrte  tremblyng  / 
And  an  euyl  lyf-  /  And  also  it  may  be  called  of  them 
that  ben  amorouse,  a  deserte  lyberte^  /  Flee,  ye  men,  flee, 
and  holde  and  kepe  you  ferre  fro  suche  an  assemblee  /  20 
yf  ye  wyll  lyue  wel  and  surely  /  and  as  peple  wel 
assured  vpon  the  Eyuage  /  beholde  vs  drowne  by  our 
own  agreement  /  And  mespryse  our  blyndenes  /  that 
may  ne  wylle  kuowe  our  propre  meschyef  /  For  lyke  as  24 
the  folysshe  maronners  /  whyche  somtyme  cause  them 
self  to  be  drowned  /  by  theyr  dyspourueyed  aduyse- 
ment  /  In  lyke  wyse  the  courte  draweth  to  hym  and 
deceyueth  the  symple  men  /  and  maketh  them  to  desire  28 
and   coueyte   it  /  lyke   as   a   Eybaulde   or   a   comyn 
womman  wel  arayed  /  by  her  lawhyng  and  by  her 
kyssynge  /  The  courte  taketh  nieryly  them  that  comen 
therto  /  in  vsyng  to  them  false  promesses  /  The  courte  32 

1  Or'tg.  man. 

2  Fr.  "  aiusi  comuie  un  pilller  tremblaut  et  uue  moureuse 
{al.  mortelle)  vie."— P.  M, 

3  French,  "  de  ceux  qui  sont  ainoureux  de  sainte  liberte." 
Caxton  read  deserte  instead  of  de  sainte. — P.  M. 


The  hajypincss  of  Private  Life,  the  evils  of  Court-Life.     15 

lawheth   atte   begynnyng  on  them  that  eutre  /  Aiid 

after  she  grymmeth  on  them  /  And  somtyme  byteth  wheu  they  come, 

it  bites  tliem. 

them  ryght  aygrely  /  ihe  courte  reteyneth  the  caytyuys 
4  whiche  can  not  absente  and  kepe  them  fro  thene  /  and 
alday  adnewe^  auctoryse  and  lorshippe  vpon  suche  as 
they  surmounte  /  The  courte  also  by  errovir  forgeteth  it  forgets  tiiose 

who  serve  it, 

of te  them  that  beste  seruen  /  And  dyspende  folyly  her  and  spend  tiieir 

r>  IP  I'll  T         /    im^'ifiJ'  on  it. 

b  propre  good  for  tenryche  tnem  that  ben  not  worthy  / 

and  that  haue  ryght  euyl  deseruyd  it  /  And  the  man  is 

vuhappy  that  is  taken  in  /  and  had  leuer  to  perysslie  / 

than  to  yssue  and  goo  out  /  And  ther  to  lose  hys  cours 

12  of  nature  /  wythout  eiier  to  haue  hys  franchyse  and 

lyberte  vntyl  hys  deth  /  Beleue  surely,  brother,  and  Be  sme,  Brother, 

that  you  are  doing 

doubte  nothynge,  that  thou  excersysest  ryght  good  and  ngiit  in  keeping 
ryght  proufFytable   offyce  yf  thou  canst  wel  vse  thy   house. 

16  maystryse  that  thou  hast  in  thy  lytyl  hous  /  and  thou 
art  and  shal  be  puyssaunt  as  longe  as  thou  hast,  and 
shal  haue  of  thy  self,  suffysaunce  /  For  who  that  hath 
a  smal  howshold  and  lytle  meyne,  and  gouerneth  them 

20  wysely  &  in  peas  /  he  is  a  lorde  /  And  somoche  more  is 
he  ewrous  &  happy  as  he  more  frely  maynteneth  it  / 
As  ther  is  nothyng  so  precious  vnder  heuen  /  as  for  to  Freedom  is  tiie 

T         j;        rv.    .       ,  .  i.1,   i!  1  <>    ;  most  precious 

be  ot  sumcient  comynycacion  wyth  iranchyse-  /  tiling  under 

24        0  fortuned  men  /  0  blessyd  famyllye,  where  as  is 

honeste  *pouerte  that  is  content  with  reson,  without  [*  leafvj.] 
etyng  the  fruytes  of  other  mennes  labour  /  0  wel  happy 
howse,  in  whyche  is  vertuc  wythout  fraude  ne  barat  / 
28  and  wbyche  is  honestly  gouerned  in  the  drede  of  god 
and  good  moderacion  of  lyf  /  There  entre  no  synnes  / 
There  is  a  true  and  ryghtful  lyf  /  where  as  is  remorse   Private  life  is 

J.  11-  ;  rightful, 

01  euery  synne,  and  where  is  no  noyse  /  murmure  ne 
32  enuye  /  of  suche  lyf  enioyeth  nature  /  and  in  smale'' 

eases  lyueth  she  longe  /  and  lytyl  and  lytyl  she  comcth  and  comes  to  an 

honest  old  age. 
1  French  adroiii^,  asserts  his  authority. —  P.  M. 

^  Al)siird  !     French,  '^commutation  cont  re  franchise"  ex- 

changeable  value  for  freedom. — P.  M. 

3  French  tclles,  such. — P.  M, 


16     Live  in  peace  in  the  Gonntry  I    Do  not  come  to  Court  I 


Courtiers  get 
weary  of  life; 
tliey  haste  to 
tlieir  deatli. 


If,  Brother,  you 
have  begun  an 
honourable  life, 
don't  lose  it  by 
coming  to  Court ! 


to   playsaunt   age  and   houeste  ende  /   For  as    seyth 
Seueke  in  his  tragedyes  /  Age  cometh  to  late  to  peple 
of  smale  howses  /  "whyche  lyue  in  suffysaunce  /  But 
emo?2g  vs  couTtyours  that  be  seruauntes  to  fortune  /  we  4 
lyue  disordynatly  /  we  wexen  old  more  by  force  of 
charges  than  by  the  nombre  of  yeres  /  And  by  defaults 
of  wel  lyuyng,  we  ben  wery  of  the  swetenes  of  our  lyf  / 
whyche  so  moche  we  desire,  and  haste  to  goo  to  the  8 
deth,  the    Avhyche  we   somoche   drede   and    doubte  / 
Suffyse  the  thenwe,  broder,   to  lyue  in  peas  on  thy 
partye  /  &  lerne  to  contents  the  by  our  meschiefs  /  Na 
mesprise  not  thy  self  so  moche  /  that  thou  take  the  12 
deth  /  for  the  lyf  /  ^  ^N'e  leue  not  the  goodes  that  thou 
shalt  be  constrayned  to  brynge  /  For  to  seche  to  gete 
them  after  wyth  grete  wayllynges  and  sorow  /  whych 
shal  be  to  the,  horryble  and  harde  to  fynde^  /  Fynably  16 
I  praye  the  /  counseylle  and  warne  the  /  that  j-f  thou 
hast  taken 2  ony  holy  and  honeste  lyf  /  that  thou  wyl 
not  goo  and  lese  it  /  And  that  thou  take  away  that 
thought,   And  despyse^  alle  thy  wyl   for  to  come   to  20 
courte  /  And    be   content   to   wytlidrawe  the   wythin 
thenclose  of  thy  pryue  hous  /  And  yf  thou  haue  not  in 
tyme  passed  knowen  that  thou  hast  ben  ewrous  And 
happy  /  thenne  lerne  now  to  knowe  it  fro  hens  forth  /  24 
And  to  god  I  comande  the  by  thys  wrytyng,  whyche 
gyue  the  hys  grace  /  Amen. 

Thiis   endeth  the  Curial  made   by  maj^stre  Alain 
Charretier,  Translated  thus  in  Englyssh  by  Wjdliam  28 
Caxton. 


1—1  Caxton  seems  to  have  misunderstood  the  French  :  "Ne 
delaisse  pas  a  faire  le  bien  que  tu  serols  contraint  de  reparer 
par  apres  a  grans  regrets  pour  querir  ce  que  te  seroit  horrible 
a  trouver. — P.  M, 

2  French,  "  se  tu  prises,"  if  thou  appreciatest. — P.  M. 

3  French,  disposes  (Du  Chesne,  dissipes'),  not  despises. — 
P.M. 


17 
INTRODUCTION   TO   THE  BALADE. 

Bv   PIIOF.  PAUL   MEYElt. 

Caxtoii  probably  fouiKl  in  his  manuscript  of  the  French  Curial 
the  original  of  the  ballaii  which  he  printed  at  the  end  of  his  transla- 
tion. It  is  not,  however,  so  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  included  in  any 
manuscript  or  printed  collection  of  Chartier's  works.  Thanks  to  my 
friend  E.  Picot's  unparalleled  knowledge  of  xv*^"  century  French 
poetry,  I  have  been  able  to  trace  various  copies  of  it.  It  seems  to 
have  been  printed  first  about  the  end  of  the  xv*''  cent.,  in  the 
Javdiii  de  iilaisauce  et  fcur  de  refJiorique  (first  edition,  Paris, 
Verard,  1499  or  1500).^  It  appears  in  Olivier  Arnoullut's  edition 
(1520 — 1.530)  at  fol.  73  v",  anaong  some  ballads  which  recent  editors 
have  attributed  to  A^illon.  From  the  Jardhi  de  ^;/a/6«;?cT,  our 
ballad  was  transferred  by  Jannet  to  his  edition  of  Villon  (Paris, 
1867,  p.  142).  It  occurs  also,  printed  from  a  Brussels  MS.,  in 
La  danse  aux  aveugles  et  autres  poesies  du  xo"  siede,  extraitcs  de 
la  Bihliotheque  des  Dues  de  Boargogne  (Lille,  A.  J.  Panckoucke, 
JklDCCXLVIir,  12°),  p.  273,  and  has  been  recently  edited  from  a 
Lyon  MS.,  in  a  provincial  periodical,  Lyon-Revue,  1886,  p.  307. 
The  ballad  is  anonymous  in  all  these  texts,  and  so  it  is  in  IMS.  Bibl. 
N"at.  Fr.,  1881,  fol.  218  (xv*"  cent.),  and  2206,  fol.  106  (early  xvi*'^. 
But  in  the  British  Museum  MS.,  Lansdowne  380,  fol.  220,  it  is 
attributed  to  Alain  Chartier.^  Still  the  authorship  remains  doulttful. 
It  has  been  supposed  by  Heer  Bijvanck,  in  his  Specimen  d'uii  essai 
critique  sur  les  auvres  de  Franc/As  Villon  (Leyde,  1882,  in  8°),  p.  49, 
that  our  ballad  was  the  model  from  which  Villon  composed  his 
ballad,  II  n'est  soing  que  quant  on  a  fain  (printed  by  Bijvanck, 
p.  219,  from  a  Stockholm  MS.,  and  presenting  Villon's  name  in 
acrostic),  but  it  does  not  follow  that  the  original  is  Chartier's, 
the  attribution  to  this  author  resting  only  on  the  authority  of  the 
Lansdowne  MS.,  and  to  a  certain  extent  on  Caxton,  who  seems  to 
have  considered  it  as  Chartier's  work.  One  thing  is  certain,  viz.  that 
it  is  not  Villon's,  notwithstanding  a  certain  resemblance  to  his  style, 
as  it  is  by  jio  means  likely  that  the  same  poet  composed  two  ballads 
on  the  same  rhymes. 

1  See  Brunet,  Manuel  du  librairc,  Jaedin. 

-  '■  Biillade  faictc  et  coinposec  pur  lu  doulx  poete,  Maistre  Alain  Charretier," 
I'o.  218,  MS.  ySO,  8vo.— Catalogue  of  the  Lansdawne  MSS.,  p.  Ill,  col.  2. 


18  Alain  Charticrs  French  Balade. 

Here  folloAvs  the  text  of  the  French  ballad  from  the  Paris  MS., 
Bibl.  Nat.  1881,  with  various  readings  from  i\\Q.  Jardin  de  plaisance.'^ 
The  text  of  MS.  2206  does  not  differ  from  that  of  the  Jardin  ;  both 
omit  the  same  verse  in  the  third  stanza.  The  text  of  the  Danse  aux 
aveugles  is  incorrect,  and  diverges  considerably  from  the  one  adopted 
here,  as  well  as  from  Caxton. 

II  n'est  dangie[r]  que  de  villain, 

N'orgueul  que  de  povre  enrechiz, 

Ne  [si]  sur  chemin  que  le  plain, 

Ne  secours  que  de  vray  ami,  4 

Ne  desespoir  que  de  jalousie, 

Ke  haiilt  vouloir  que  d'amoureux, 

I^e  paistre  qu'en  grant  seignorie, 

Ne  chiere  que  d'onime  joyeux.  8 

Ne  servir  que  de  roy  souverain, 

I^e  lait  nom  que  d'omme  ahonty, 

K"e  mangier  fors  quant  on  a  fain, 

N'emprise  que  d'omme  hardi, 

Ne  povrete  que  maladie,  12 

Ne  hante[r]  que  les  bons  et  preux, 

Ne  maison  que  la  bien  garnie, 

Ne  chiere  que  d'omme  joieux.  16 

Et  n'est  richasse  qu'estre  sain, 

N'en  amours  tel  bien  que  mercy, 

Ne  que  la  mort  riens  plus  certain, 

Ne  meilleur  chasty  que  de  luy,  20 

Ne  tel  tresor  que  predommie 

N'engoise  qu'en  cuer  convoiteux 

Ne  puissance  on  il  n'ait  envie, 

Ne  chiere  que  d'omme  joyeux.  24 

Que  voulez  vous  que  je  vous  die? 

II  n'est  parler  que  gracieux, 

Xe  louer  gens  qu'  apres  leur  vie 

Xe  chiere  que  d'omme  joyeux.  28 

1  Indicated  as  J.  in  the  footnotes. 

B  [s/]  from  J.  5  The  line  has  its  proper  length  in  J.,  where  de  is  left  out. 
0  J.  N'angome  que  cucur  convoiteux  (see  1.  9.2).  7  J.  Ke puissance  ou  il 

n\ut  envie.  9  J.  qu  au  roy.  10  MS.  aliontcy.  17  J.  iVe  r.  que  (Ventre. 
20  MS.  chastcy.  22  This  Hue  is  left  out  in  J.  (sec  v.  G).  23  -J.  Nc 

jHtistre  qu'en  grant  seigneurle. 


19 


[BALADE   BY  ALAIX   CHAKTIER.] 

(1) 
Ther  ue  is  dangyer  /  but  of  a  vylayu, 
iSTe  pi'ide  /  but  of  a  pouro  man  enrycbed, 
'Ne  so  sure  a  way  /  as  is  the  playn, 
iNe  socour  /  but  of  a  trewe  frende, 
Ke  despayr  /  but  of  lalousye, 
l^e  hye  corage  /  but  of  one  Amorouse, 
Ne  pestilence^  /  but  in  grete  seygnorye, 
i^e  chyere  /  but  of  a  man  loyous. 

(2) 
Ne  seruyse  /  lyke  to  the  kyng  souerayn, 
'Ne  fowle  name  /  but  of  a  man  shamed, 
Ne  mete  /  but  whan  a  man  hath  hungre, 
Ne  entrepryse  /  but  of  a  man  hardy, 
Ne  pouerte  /  lyke  vnto  maladye, 
Ne  to  liaunte  /  but  the  good  and  wyse, 
Ne  liowse  /  but  yf  it  be  wel  garnysshed, 
Ne  chyere  /  but  of  a  man  loyous. 

(3) 
Ne  ther  is  no  rychesshe  /  but  in  helthe, 
Ne  lone  /  so  good  as  mercy, 
Ne  than  the  deth  /  nothyng  more  certayn, 
Ne  none  better  chastysed  /  than  of  hym  self, 
Ne  tresour  /  lyke  vnto  Avysedom, 
'Ne  anguysshe  /  but  of  ay  herte  coueytous, 
Ke  puyssaunce-  /  but  ther  men  haue  enuye, 
Ne  chyere  /  but  of  a  man  loyous. 
[Envoij.] 
What  wylle  ye  that  I  saye  1 
Ther  is  no  speche  /  but  it  be  curtoys, 
Ke  preysyng  of  men  /  but  after  theyr  lyf, 
Ne  chyer  but  of  a  man  loyous. 
Caxton 
Caxton  may  have  read  pexte. — P.  M.        ^  o)-iff,  pnyssaunce 


12 


16 


20 


24 


28 


[leaf  vj.  back] 


Tliere  is  no  road 
so  sure  as  a 
level  one. 


and  no  clieer  but 
a  joyous  man's. 


Tliere  is  no  foul 
name,  but  of  a 
man  who  is 
shamed. 


Tliere  is  no 
riclies  but  in 
health. 


There  is  no 
treasure  like 
Wisdom. 


There  is  no  chocr 
but  a  joyous 
man's. 


20 


GLOSSARY. 

adioustest,  1/23,  urgest,  briugcst  forward. 

adnewe,  I5/5,  renew?    But  see  footnote. 

appetytetli,  3/5,  Fr.  Appiiei:     To  couet,  long  for,  lust  after  .  .  .  affect,  faiicie,  desire  nnich. 

assoged,  11/iS,  Fr.  Assiegi  .  .  Besieged,  beleaguered. 

analed,  O/i,  debased. 

auctoryse,  n.  I5/5,  authority,  oppression.     Fr.  rb.  Aactnrlser,  Authoriser. 

aygrely,  15/3,  sharply. 

barat,  15/27,  cheating. 

benediction,  12/14,  good  name  and  fame  :  good  place,  office. 

C'aduqiie,  lO/i,  Fr.  Cadiique:  com.  Fraile,  caduke,  feeble,  ruinous,  readie  to  fall,  vnable  to 

support  it  selfe. 
Cenacle,  ll/io,  Fr.  CmacU,  Senacle.    A  height,  or  storie  in  a  building, 
conne,  4/26,  8/2,  know  how  to,  be  able,  can. 
corage,  3/7,  heart,  spirit,  mind, 
coiirrour,  7/25,  coxuier,  runer,  runner, 
courteynes,  .5/13.  ?  courts,  or  cabinets. 
Curvall,  or  courtly,  4/29. 
deffye,  I4/3,  Fr.  Diffia:     To  mistrust, 
despoyntement,  5/28,  loss  of  office,  fall. 

disaccustomme,  rt.  T/ig,  put  out  of  custom  or  habit,  change, 
domageus,  8/19,  hurtful. 

droytes,  IO/21,  14/i,  Fr.  Droict .  .  right,  law  .  .  equitie  .  .  a  mans  due . .  .  priuiledge . .  power 
dyspourveyed,  I4/26,  unconsiderd,  ill-considerd,  Fr.  Bespourveu. 
empesshe,  rt.  2/i,  Fr.  Empescher.     To  .  .  pester,  trouble,  disturbe,  incomber. 
enclose,  I6/22,  enclosm-e,  walls, 
enfayned,  IO/20,  hypocritical,  untrustworthy. 

enhaunce,  vt.  4/30,  5/i8,  6/3,  24,  advance,  exalt ;  enhaunsyng,  0/26,  7/i. 
enioyed,  2/19,  glad,  rejoiced  at. 
eupayre,  7/3,  Fr.  Eiiipiircr,  make  worse. 

enpesshyug,  4/3,  Fr.  Empeschement .  .  a  let,  stop,  hinderance,  disturbance,  comber, 
eschaufed,  13/i,  heated. 

ewrous,  5/15, 15/21,  Fr.  Eureux,  Heureux  .  .  Happie,  blessed  .  .  .  prosperous,  luckie,  fortunate, 
exercite,  3/21,  Fr.  Exercice  .  .  vse,  practise,  action, 
fayntyse,  13/i8,  pretense, 
fortuned,  16/24,  Fr.  Fortune. .  Fortunate,  happie,  luckie  ;  also,  made  fortunate,  blessed  with 

good  hap. 
fraunchyse,  2/29,  9/15,  Fr.  Franchise  .  .  freenesse,  libertie,  freedome. 
fjii.ably,  I6/16,  Fr.  Finabtement,  Finalenient.    Finally  .  .  at  the  last ;  in  sumuie,  in  conclusion, 

in  the  end. 
gi-ymmeth,  6/25,  15/2,  looks  grim,  frowns  at. 

haunte,  I9/14,  Fr.  Hani  r.     To  .  .  resort  vnto  ;  to  be  familiar  with  ;  to  conuerse,  or  com- 
merce with, 
indewly,  II/3,  unduly, 
machyne,  vt.  I2/9,  scheme;    Fr.   MacJiiner.     To  machinate;    frame;  contrive,  deuise ;   to 

practise,  plot,  conspire  against, 
meschaunte,  a.  2/33,  14/23,  13/22,  Fr.  Mcschant.     Who  has  no  chance,  unlucky,  miserable, 
meschef,  5/25,  mishap,  ill  fortune, 
mesprysement,  3/g,  unclervaluliig,  disdahi. 
misprysest,  3/7,  Fr.  Mcsjiriser.     To  disesteeme,  contemne,  disdainc,  despise,  neglect,  make 

light  of,  set  nought  by. 
mondaynes,  9/31,  Fr.  Mondain .  .  mimdane,  worldUe,  secular, 
nourysshe,  II/27,  Fr.  A'ourrisse,  Noarrice:  i.  A  Nurse, 
oueriseen,  3/13,  deceived,  mistaken, 
ouerthrowe,  ri.  6/12,  tumble  over,  upset, 
poursewe,  3/i6,  6/32,  Fr.  Poursia/r  (an  old  word),  as  Povrsuivre  .  .  .  eagerly  to  follow  or 

chose ;  earnestly  to  x^rocecd  in,  or  goe  on  vi-ith. 
reffuse,  9/20,  Fr.  Rfuur.     Refuse, 
resteth,  6/19,  there  remains. 

saye,  n.  ll/ii,  talk,  gossip  ;  or  vb.  (hearing  men)  talk, 
surmounte,  15/6,  Fr.  Sarmontcr.    To  surmount,  surpasse,  get  before  .  .  to  subdue,  vanquish, 

ouercome. 
thene,  I6/4,  thence? 
tonne,  n.  9/ 18,  barrel, 
vnpourueydly,  n/24,  without  forethought,  unpremeditatcdly,  Fr.  Fourvcoir,  Pourrotr,  to 

provide, 
verbal,  or  ful  of  wordes,  10/21. 
vermyne,  n.  9/3,  bugs,  &c. 
wythdraught,  n.  7/23,  withdrawing-room. 


R.  CLAY  &  SONS,  LUlITEn,  LONDON  &  BUNGAY. 


4^v 


1490 

ENGLISHT  FROM  THE  FRENCH  LJUEE  DKS  ENEYDES,  1483. 


EDITED    BY 

THE  LATE  W.  T.  CULLEY,  M.A.,  Oxford, 

A\D 

K  J.   FURNIVALL,   M.A.,  Camb, 

HON.    DR.    PHIL.    BERLIN, 
WITH 

A  SKETCH  OF  THE  OLD  FRENCH  ROMAN  D'^NJ^AS 

BV 

DR.   SALVERDA   DE   GRAVE. 


LONDON: 

PUBLISHED    FOR   THE    EARLY    ENGLISH   TEXT   SOCIETY 
BY  N.  TrL^BXER  &  CO.,  57  ^l'  59,  LUDGATE  HILL. 

1890. 


Lvir. 

R.    CLAY   <fc   SONS,    LIMITED,    LONDON    &    BUNGAY. 


CONTENTS. 


PBEPACEj  BY  THE  LATE  W.  T.  CULLEY  ... 

AFTERWORDS,  BY  F.  J.  FURNIVALL 

ON  THE  FRENCH  PROSE  ENEYDES   AND  THE  OLD  VERSE  ROMAN 
d'kNKAS    BY  DR.  SALVERDA  DE  GRAVE 

extracts     from     the    italian    prose     version     of    the 
jsneid   in    1476 

caxton's  prologue 

„  table  of  contents 

nisENEYDOS       

INDEX   AND   GLOSSARY,    BY  MR.    THOMAS    AUSTIN 

COLLATION   OF  CAXTON's  ENGLISH   WITH  ITS    FRENCH    ORIGINAL 
AS    SHOWN  IN    THE  LIURE  DES  ENEYDES,    1483 


PAGE 

V 


XXIX 

1 

5 

10 

167 

188 


PKEFACE.' 

This  curious  little  book  was  printed  by  Caxton,  and  specially 
dedicated  to  Prince  Arthur,  eldest  son  of  King  Henry  VII.  It  is 
a  translation  into  English  by  Caxton  himself  of  a  French  version 
of  the  *  Aeneid,'  and  is  a  folio,  as  usual  without  any  title-page  ;  but 
Caxton  in  his  colophon  at  the  end  gives  the  date  of  the  translation 
as  June  22nd,  1490,  that  being  probably  the  period  at  which  he 
completed  it.  There  are,  according  to  Mr.  Blades  in  his  '  Biography 
and  Typography  of  William  Caxton,'  eighteen  or  nineteen  copies 
extant,  of  which  three  are  in  the  British  Museum,  three  at  St.  John's 
College,  Oxford,  one  at  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  one  in  the 
Hunterian  Library,  Glasgow,  and  the  rest  in  private  libraries.  The 
first  and  eighth  leaves  out  of  a  total  of  eighty-six  are  blank,  but  the 
first  is  not  reckoned  in  the  signature,  and  the  Prologue  begins  on  the 
second,  signed  H  j.  The  lines  are  spaced  to  an  even  length,  measuring 
four  and  three-quarter  inches,  and  thirty-one  go  to  a  fuU  page.  !N"o 
other  edition  is  known.  Caxton  englisht  his  Encijdos  either  from 
the  French  '  llure  das  eneydes '  printed  at  Lyons  by  Guillaume  Le 
Eoy  on  Sept.  30,  1483,  or  from  a  more  correct  MS.  of  it.  A  fairly 
fuU  collation  of  Mr.  Alfred  Huth's  copy  of  the  French  print  has  been 
made  by  Dr.  Furnivall — misprints  and  all — and  will  be  found  at 
p.  188-214  below. 

As  to  the  great  English  printer  and  his  other  works  nothing  need 
here  be  said,  but  we  may  add  a  few  words  on  the  work  before  us.  It 
begins  with  a  Prologue  by  Caxton  himself,  and  ends  with  a  colophon  of 
his  own  as  well,  in  which  he  gives  the  date  of  the  translation.  The 
Prologue  is  amusing,  especially  for  his  perplexity  as  to  the  style  of 
words  to  be  used  in  his  translation,  I^o  doubt  the  English  language 
was  changing  very  rapidly  in  Caxton's  time,  but  in  his  Prologue  he 
uses  most  plain  and  excellent  English,  quite  readable  at  the  present 
^  By  Mr.  Cullcy,  with  a  few  corrections  on  pages  v — vii  by  me. — F.  J.  F. 


Yl         CAXTON  S  TRANSLATION.   THE  FRENCH  ENEYDES. 

day,  and  very  different  to  that  in  which  '  Piers  Plowman,'  for  instance, 
Avas  written,  not  so  very  much  over  a  century  before.  The  same  can 
hardly  be  said  of  the  translation,  but  that  seems  to  be  (to  some 
extent)  the  fault  of  his  original.  From  a  remark  of  Caxton's  in  his 
Prologue,  the  French  version  appears  to  have  been  written  by  a  priest, 
who  says  that  he  translated  it  out  of  Latin  into  French.  On  the 
whole,  Caxton  adhered  faithfully  to  his  original,  as  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  Prologue  he  states  he  has  done,  but  he  often  put  two  words 
for  one,  and  the  language  of  the  '  Eneydos '  is  frequently  turgid  and 
exaggerated,  epithets  being  heaped  on  epithets  in  a  marvellous  and 
bewildering  manner,  and  the  tautological  repetition  of  words  is 
wonderful :  see  in  Capitulo  x.  39/9,  "  grete  assaultes,  effortes  and 
bataylles;"  in  Cap.  xiv.  52/g,"  thondres,  lyghtnynges,  choruscaycious 
and  merveyllouse  tourmentes  ;"  Cap.  xv.  59/ ig,  "  had  construed,  edi- 
fied and  made"  (Fr.  construit  et  ediffie).  Though  the  book  is  not  in 
a  general  way  difficult  to  read,  the  construction  is  curious,  as  Caxton 
very  often  translates  the  French  idiom  literally, — as,  by  the  bye. 
Lord  Berners  often  does  in  his  translation  of  the  French  Eomances, 
— and  he  frequently  uses  the  French  Avords  without  rendering  them 
into  English  at  all.  No  better  example  of  the  former  can  be  found 
than  in  Cap.  xvi.,  p.  63-4,  Avlien  Mercury  addresses  Aeneas  as 
"  Man  effemynate  wythout  honour  ravysshed  in  to  dilectacion 
femynyne,"  or  of  the  latter  than  the  use  (25/35)  *^'^  "  syncopysed  '"'  for 
fainted,  or  elseAv here  (IG/i)  of  "  orages"  for  storms,  and  "  suffounge" 
(87/26)  for  smoke  or  fumigate.  It  is  needless  to  multiply  examples 
which  any  reader  can  easily  see  for  himself. 

Though  Caxton  tells  us  that  he  translated  his  French  original, 
the  '  Eneydes,'  most  carefully  into  English,  that  French  original  Avas 
by  no  means  a  literal  translation  of  Virgil's  '  Aeneid,'  but  rather  an 
extremely  free  paraphrase, — Avith  importations  from  Boccaccio  and 
other  authors,  omissions  and  abridgments, — not  only  telling  the 
story  of  Aeneas  in  quite  a  different  Avay  to  the  '  Aeneid,'  but  occa- 
sionally giving  an  altogether  different  account.  It  is  more  or  less 
interesting  to  trace  these  differences,  and  to  do  so  Avill  serve  as  a 
preliminary  digest  of  the  tale.  Instead  of  being  in  twelve  books  like 
the  'Aeneid,'  the  'Eneydos'  is   divided  into  sixty-five  ill-arranged 


DIFFERENCES    BETWEEN    THE    ENEYDES   AND    THE    AENEID.  VU 

chapters  of  varying  length.  Its  story  begins  quite  differently  from 
the  '  Aeneid,'  the  first  book  of  which  is  occupied  with  the  shipwreck 
of  Aeneas,  caused  by  Aeolus  letting  loose  the  winds  at  the  instiga- 
tion of  Juno ;  the  kind  reception  of  him  and  his  companions  at 
Carthage  by  Dido,  together  with  the  promise  made  by  Jupiter  to 
Venus  of  Aeneas's  future  greatness  in  Italy ;  Venus's  appearance 
to  Aeneas  after  his  shipwreck :  her  brief  recital  to  him  of  Dido's 
story,  and  her  changing  Cupid  into  the  form  of  Aeneas's  son  Ascanius 
to  inspire  Dido  with  love  for  Aeneas ;  while  the  second  and  third 
books  are  filled  with  Aeneas's  recital  to  Dido  of  the  story  of  the  de- 
struction of  Troy,  and  of  his  six  years'  wanderings.  In  the  '  Eneydos  ' 
(French,  les  Eneydes :  Caxton  turzied  this  plural  into  a  genitive  sin- 
gular), after  a  brief  prologue  by  the  unnamed  author,  the  first  subject 
handled  is  Troy,  which  is  said  to  have  been  built  by  Priam.  This 
is  odd,  as  everywhere  else  Priam  is  stated  to  have  been  the  last  king 
of  Troy.  Here  he  is  said  to  be  son  of  Laomedon,  and  descended 
from  Dardanus,  son  of  Jupiter  and  Electra,  which  is  the  old  Greek 
tradition,  but  it  is  not  mentioned  in  the  'Aeneid.'  Then  comes 
a  notice  of  the  siege  of  Troy  by  the  Greeks  under  Agamemnon, 
when  Priam, — that  his  family  should  not  become  extinct  in  case  of 
defeat, — sends  his  son  Polydorus  to  Plasmator  (Poly mestor),  King  of 
Tarce  (Thrace),  Avho,  on  the  decline  of  Priam's  fortune,  murders 
Polydorus  and  buries  him  in  the  sand  by  the  seashore.  The  first 
chapter  ends  by  the  burning  of  Troy  by  the  Greeks,  only  the  gate  Stex 
being  left.  In  the  second  Cap.  the  gate  Stex  takes  fire,  and  Eneas 
flies,  bearing  his  father  Auchises,  leading  his  son  Yolus  (lulus),  and 
accompanied  by  Creusa  his  wife.  (No  mention  is  made  of  Sinon 
and  the  wooden  horse,  Laocoon  and  the  snakes,  or  the  loss  of  Creusa, 
so  particularly  described  by  Aeneas  to  Dido.)  Eneas  and  the 
Trojan  refugees  reach  the  port  of  Simois  and  put  to  sea,  pass 
Anchandron  (Antander)  and  the  forest  of  Yde,  and  arrive  in  Trace, 
where  they  begin  to  build  a  city,  and  because  the  building  goes  on 
slowly  they  hold  a  sacrifice.  This  is  on  the  spot  where  Polydorus  is 
buried ;  and  on  Eneas  attempting  to  cut  down  some  of  the  bushes 
to  crown  his  altar  with,  blood  issues  from  them ;  and  on  his  trying 
to  tear  them  up,  Polydorus  speaks,  tells  his  sad  fate,  and  inform? 


VIU  BOCCACCIO  S    STORY    OF    DIDO    IN    THE    FRENCH    ENEYDES. 

Eneas  that  he  must  not  remain  there,  but  that  the  gods  have  ordained 
Italy  as  his  future  home.  The  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  chapters  are 
occupied  by  this  and  the  obsequies  of  Polydorus,  after  which  the  Tro- 
jans go  to  sea.  All  is  described  much  as  by  Aeneas  himself  to  Dido 
in  Book  iii.  of  the  '  Aeneid,'  but  at  very  much  greater  length,  and  a 
considerable  portion  of  the  story  as  told  by  Virgil  is  here  omitted, 
namely,  in  the  first  place,  that  which  recounts,  as  related  by  Aeneas 
himself  to  Dido,  his  voyages  to  Delos  and  Crete,  the  oracle  of  Delos 
and  the  prophecy  of  the  Trojan  gods,  the  visit  to  the  Strophades, 
the  Harpies,  and  the  prophecy  of  Celseno,  though  this  is  referred  to 
long  after  in  Cap.  xxxiv.,  where  it  is  attributed  to  Anchises.  ITo 
mention  is  made  either  of  how  Aeneas  finds  Andromache  in  Epirus, 
one  of  the  most  touching  scenes  in  the  '  Aeneid,'  of  his  interview 
with  Helenus,  of  the  arrival  of  the  Trojans  in  Sicily,  or  of  the 
death  of  Anchises,  though  Anchises  is  evidently  considered  as  being 
dead  when  the  Trojans  arrive  in  Italy,  and  his  tomb  in  Sicily  is 
mentioned  in  Cap.  xxx.  Aeneas  is  not  mentioned  again  till  the  tenth 
Cap.,  and  in  Cap.  vi.  we  come  to  Dido,  leaving  Aeneas  at  sea,  and  we 
are  told  of  the  two  different  stories,  one  by  Boccaccio,  the  other  by 
Virgil.  Boccaccio's  story  occupies  Caps,  vi.,  vii.,  viii.  It  does  not 
diff"er  seriously  from  Virgil's,  though  told  at  much  greater  length,  up 
to  the  foundation  of  Carthage ;  in  both  we  are  told  of  Dido's  royal 
birth,  her  marriage  to  Acerbas,  otherwise  SichiEus,  the  murder  of 
the  latter  by  her  avaricious  brother  the  King  Pygmalion,  her  exodus 
with  a  body  of  followers  and  her  husband's  riches,  her  arrival  in 
Libya,  her  purchase  of  land,  and  the  founding  of  Carthage.  The 
principal  differences  are,  that  Dido  is  said  by  Virgil  to  have  been 
made  aware  by  a  vision  of  the  murder  of  her  husband,  which 
Pygmalion  had  long  concealed,  and  that  Virgil  says  nothing  of 
Dido's  visit  to  Cyprus  on  her  way  to  Libya,  which  is  told  at  length  in 
"  Jlionn  bhocace's  "  story,  as  quoted  by  the  writer  of  the  *  Eneydos ' ; 
but  then  Virgil  gives  Dido's  antecedents  briefly.  The  two  accounts 
of  Dido's  death,  however,  differ  in  tofo  as  to  the  cause,  though  not 
quite  so  as  to  the  manner,  for  that  taken  from  Boccaccio  relates  that 
a  neighbouring  king  asked  Dido  in  marriage,  thrtatening  destruction 
to  Carthago  if  he  were  refused,  and  Dido  having  been  inveigled  by 


BOCCACCIO  S    AND    JUSTIN  S    STORY    OF    DIDO    IX    THE    EXEYDES.       IX 

lior  subjects  into  a  statement  that  it  was  noble  for  a  person  to  die 
for  his  country,  to  solve  her  difficulties  ascends  an  altar  and  sacrifices 
herself  in  public.  (Her  self-murder  as  described  in  the  '  Aeneid  '  is 
of  course  secret.)  Tliis  description  of  Dido's  life  and  death  is  taken 
from  Boccaccio's  '  Falles  of  Princes.'  The  Latin  copy  of  this  work 
in  the  Bodleian  Library  is  entitled  "  Johannis  Bocacii  de  Certaldis 
historiograplii  prologus  in  libros  de  casibus  virorum  illustrium  in- 
cipit,"  and  is  dated  in  MS.  "  Ylma3  1473."  It  is  not  divided  into 
books  or  chapters,  nor  are  the  pages  numbered,  but  our  story  begins 
on  or  al)out  page  46,  and  is  headed  "  de  Dydone  regina."  An  early 
printed  translation  in  the  Bodleian  is  thus  entitled,  "  Here  begyn- 
neth  the  boke  calledde  John  bochas  descrivinge  the  falle  of  princis 
princesses  and  other  nobles  trtislated  ito  Englissh  by  John  ludgate 
moke  of  the  monastery  of  seint  edmiides  Bury  at  the  comandemet 
of  the  worthy  prince  humfrey  duke  of  Gloucestre  beginnynge  at 
adam  and  endinge  with  kinge  John  take  prisoner  in  fraunce  by 
prince  Edwarde."  R.  Pynson  1494.  Our  story  conies  in  tlio 
second  book,  and  is  headed  "  Howe  Dido  quene  of  Cartage  slough 
hir  silf  for  conservacyon  of  her  chastitie."  Way  land's  later  edition  — 
(undated)  beginning  thus,  "  The  Tragedies  gathered  by  Jhon  Bochas, 
of  all  such  Princes  as  fell  from  theyr  estates  throughe  the  mutability 
of  Fortune  since  the  creacion  of  Adam  until  his  time  :  wherin  may 
be  seen  what  vices  bring  menne  to  destruccion  Avyth  noteble  warn- 
inges  liowe  the  like  may  be  auoided.  Translated  into  Englysh  by 
John  Lidgate,  Monke  of  Burye.  Imprinted  at  London  by  John 
Wayland,  at  the  signe  of  the  Sunne  over  against  the  Conduite  in 
Fletestrete," — gives  the  story  at  Book  ii.  Cap.  xiii.,  "  Howe  Dydo 
quene  of  Cartage  slough  herself  for  conseruacion  of  her  chastitie." 
The  writer  of  the  '  Eneydos '  of  course  Avrote  from  much  earlier 
copies,  probably  manuscripts,  but  we  seem  to  have  no  clue  as  to  tlie 
period.  Tlie  story  given  in  the  'Eneydos'  as  Boccaccio's  was  taken 
by  Boccaccio,  or  the  authority  Boccaccio  followed,  from  Justin,  wlio 
gives  the  story  of  Dido,  otherwise  Ehssa,  and  the  founding  of 
Carthage,  in  the  fourth,  fifth  and  sixth  chapters  of  Book  xviii.  of  his 
'  HistoricC.'  The  facts  are  almost  precisely  the  same  as  given  l)y 
Boccaccio  and  quoted  in  the  '  Eneydos,'  but  the  terse  Latin  of  Justin 


X  JUSTIN  S    STORY    OF    DIDO    IN    THE    FRENCH    ENEYDES. 

contrasts  strangely  with  tlic  insufferable  verbosity  of    the  'JFrench 
writer,  who  exaggerates  most  monstrously  the  brief  speeches  of  Dido 
as  given  by  Justin.     It  may  be  remarked  that  Justin  does  not  use 
the  name  Dido,  but  only  Elissa  ;  also  that  the  writer  of  the  'Eneydos ' 
seems  to  mistake  Fenyce  as  applied  to  Dido  as  being  really  her  name, 
like  Elissa.     Virgil,  of  course,  when  he  speaks  of  her  as  Phoenissa 
in  Book  iv.  of  the  '  Aeneid '  merely  refers  to  her  race.     Justin  tells 
us  that  the  African  king  who  sought  Elissa  (Dido)  in  marriage  was 
named   Hiarbas,  which   name   appears  of    course  in  the  'Aeneid.' 
The  '  Eneydos '  omits  his  name,  and  only  tells  us  that  he  was  King  of 
the  'musitaynes  or  momydes.'     This  may  be  thus  explained  :  Justin 
calls  him  King  of  the  Maxitani,  probably  a  variation  of  Mauritani, 
and  corrupted  by  the  French  scribe  or  the  authority  he  followed  into 
'  musitaynes ' ;  and  Eustathius  says  that  he  w^as  King  of  the  Mazices, 
otherwise    called    Numidians,    otherwise    I^omades^    the   wandering 
tribes,  which  last  appellation  appears  to  have  been  mis-spelt  as  to  the 
initial  letter  by  the  French  author.    The  author  of  the '  Eneydos,'  too, 
in  comparing  the  two  accounts,  seems  to  think  that  Virgil  must  have 
been  right  and  Boccaccio  wrong,  and  wonders  wdiy  the  latter  shoiUd 
tell  a  different  tale  from  Virgil.     Of  course  if  there  is  any  truth  at 
all  in  the  story  of  Dido  and  her  founding  Carthage,  Justin's  account 
is  far  the  more  likely  to  be  correct.     He  says  that  Carthage  was 
founded   seventy-two  years  before  Eome,  i.  e.  in  the  year  B.C.  825, 
according  to  common  computation.     Velleius   Paterculus  puts    the 
interval  at  sixty-five  years  ;  Livy,  as  we  gather  from  the  epitome  of 
his   fifty-first  book,  at  ninety-three  (for  he   says  that  Carthage  was 
destroyed  in  the  seven-hundredth  year  after  its  foundation,  which 
would  place  the  latter  in  the  year  B.C.  846) ;  Solinus  at  one  hundred 
and  twenty-nine ;  and  Josephus  apparently  at  about  one  hundred  and 
fifty.    Against  this  testimony  we  can  scarcely  set  Appian's  story  of  the 
great  antiquity  of  Carthage,  which  probably  is  either  a  myth  or  refers 
to  an  earlier  settlement,  for  it  would  seem  that  that  enterprising  people 
the  Phoenicians  had  at  least  one  settlement  earlier  than  Carthage  on 
the  Libyan  coast.     All  dates  in  these  periods  are  more  or  less  un- 
certain, but  that  commonly  accepted  for  the  destruction  of  Troy  is 
B.C.  1184;   and  the  seventh  year  of  Aencas's  wanderings,  which  is 


DIFFEREXCES    BETWEEN    THE    EKEi'DES    AND    THE    AENEID,  II — IV.       XI 

that  in  wliich  he  comes  to  Africa,  would  be  1177  ;  so  it  is  plain  that 
Virgil  relegates  Dido  to  those  remote  ages  merely  to  make  an  inter- 
esting incident  in  his  own  tale  without  the  smallest  regard  to  history 
— if  indeed  the  legends  of  those  early  days  can  be  called  history. 

In  Cap.  ix.,  after  a  eulogium  on  Dido's  chastity,  we  return  to  our 
former  story.  Juno's  implacable  hatred  of  the  Trojans  impels  her 
to  persuade  Yolus  (Aeolus)  and  IS'eptunus  to  raise  a  dreadful  storm. 
around  Aeneas's  fleet.  In  the  '  Aeneid '  it  is  only  Aeolus  to  whom 
Juno  applies,  and  it  is  Neptune  who,  roused  by  the  din,  rebukes  the 
winds  and  calms  the  storm.  In  Cap.  x.  the  storm  breaks  on  the 
Trojan  fleet,  apparently  coming  from  Thrace,  as  no  mention  is  made 
of  the  intervening  events  related  by  Aeneas  to  Dido,  or  of  their  visit 
to  Sicily,  and  drives  it  shattered  on  the  coast  of  Libya  near  Carthage, 
where  Dido  receives  Aeneas  and  his  shipwrecked  comrades  kindly, 
jSo  mention  is  made  of  Aeneas's  recital  of  his  adventures  contained 
in  Boolcs  ii.  and  iii.  of  the  '  Aeneid,'  but  yet  here  the  stories  of  the 
'  Aeneid  '  and  the  *  Eneydos '  unite,  and  they  go  along  after  this  more 
or  less  side  by  side,  with  certain  discrepancies,  which  it  will  be 
curious  to  observe.  The  fourth  book  of  the  '  xieneid  '  is  of  course 

occupied  with  Dido's  unhappy  love  for  Aeneas,  his  departure,  and 
her  melancholy  death.  The  corresponding  chapters  of  the  '  Eneydos' 
are  the  eleventh  to  the  twenty-ninth,  and  are  very  long,  verbose,  and 
exaggerated.  For  instance,  Dido's  confession  of  her  love  to  her  sister, 
and  the  encouraging  reply  of  the  latter,  are  most  lengthy  and  ex- 
aggerated paraphrases  of  their  words  as  told  in  the  'Aeneid.'  The 
events  as  told  in  the  '  Eneydos  '  are  pretty  much  the  same  as  in  the 
'Aeneid,'  but  are  very  differently  described.  The  description  of  the 
hunt  is  much  exaggerated,  and  like  that  of  a  mediaeval  gathering  ;  and 
that  of  the  storm  is  told  at  much  greater  length ;  while  the  lamenta- 
tion of  the  nymphs  when  Aeneas  and  Dido  meet  in  the  cave,  one  of 
the  most  picturesque  pieces  in  the  '  Aeneid,'  is  omitted.  The  account 
of  Fame  is  much  enlarged,  and  the  prayer  of  larbas  to  Jupiter  slightly 
extended.  There  is  also  a  long  account  of  tlie  meeting  of  Mercury 
and  Atlas,  when  the  former  is  on  his  way  to  warn  Aeneas  that  he 
must  leave  Carthage,  which  is  very  briefly  noticed  in  the  '  Aeneid.' 
M'nestheus,  S-.'rgcstus,  and  Cloanthus  are  called  Nestor,  Sergeste,  and 


xii       DIFFERENCES    BETWEEN    THE    EXEYDES    AND    THE    AENEID,  IV,   V. 

Cloant.  In  Cap.  xviii.  Dido's  entreaty  to  Aeneas  is  given  with  much 
verbosity  and  repetition,  and  Aeneas  in  his  reply,  when  lie  puts  the 
responsibility  of  his  departure  on  Apollo,  is  made  to  say,  "  the  god 
Appollo  of  the  citee  of  tymbre,"  whereas  the  epithet  used  in  the 
*  Aeneid  '  is  "  Grynreus"  (v.  345) ;  Thymbrteus  is,  however,  used  as 
an  epithet  of  Apollo  in  lib.  iii.  v.  85,  which  was  perhaps  in  the  French 
scribe's  mind  at  the  time.  Dido's  address  to  Aeneas,  Caps.  xix.  and 
XX.  ('Aeneid,'  vv.  365-386),  is  again  dreadfully  exaggerated  and 
elongated,  as  is  the  comparison  of  the  Trojan  sailors  to  ants,  Cap. 
xxi.,  '  Aeneid,'  v.  401.  There  is  a  curious  mistake  in  the  heading  of 
Cap.  xxii.  which  runs,  "  How  eneas  brake  the  oken  tree  for  the  grete 
love  of  Dido."  It  refers  of  course  to  the  comparison  of  Aeneas  to 
an  ancient  oak  in  a  tempest,  '  Aeneid,'  v.  441  ;  this  is  very  fairly 
rendered  in  the  '  Eneydos.'  The  same  cannot  be  said  of  the  descrip- 
tion of  the  witch  of  Atlas  and  her  incantations,  briefly  noticed  in  the 
'  Aeneid,'  but  given  at  immense  length  in  the  '  Eneydos,'  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of  Dido's  invocation  of  vengeance  on  the  Trojans  and 
prophecy  of  a  future  avenger,  Cap.  xxvii.,  'Aeneid,'  vv.  610-625. 
Dido's  visions  and  delusions,  too,  are  told  at  immense  length  com- 
pared with  the  original;  and  the  comparison  of  her  sufferings  to 
those  of  Orestes  in  v.  471  is  extended  to  many  lines.  The  beautiful 
passage  at  the  end  of  Book  iv.  of  the  '  Aeneid,'  693-705,  where  Juno 
sends  Iris  to  cut  the  fatal  lock  and  release  Dido's  struggling  spirit, 
is  transformed  into  a  strange  contest  between  Iris  and  Proserpine 
for  the  possession  of  Dido's  soul,  with  a  long  description  of  Proser- 
pine and  her  power  over  mortals,  and  a  really  ridiculous  story  about 
Proserpine's  hair,  nothing  of  which  appears  in  the '  Aeneid,'  and  it 
would  be  difficult  to  say  where  the  writer  of  the  '  Eneydos '  got  hold 
of  it.  It  looks  as  if  he  had  read  an  edition  of  Virgil  with  copious 
notes  on  the  superstition  of  Proserpine's  cutting  the  fatal  lock,  and 
tacked  them  on  to  the  story  with  his  own  additions  and  inventions  ! 
larbas  appears  in  both  Justin's  story  and  Virgil's,  and  in  both  as  a 
Moorish  king  and  a  suitor  for  Dido's  hand ;  in  the  former  he  is  a 
fierce  suitor  whose  imperious  conduct  leads  directly  to  Dido's  death  ; 
in  the  latter  he  is  merely  "  despectus  larbas,"  despite  his  birth  as 
son  of  Jove  and   Garamantis,  and  exercises  little  influence  on  the 


DIFFERENCES    BETWEEN    THE    ENEYDES    AND    THE    AEXEID,  BK.   V.       xiii 

tale.  It  is  much  the  same  where  he  appears  in  the  '  Eueydos,'  Cap. 
XV.,  etc.  There  he  is  said  to  be  son  of  Jove  and  Nyuyse,  goddess  of 
fountains,  and  daughter  of  Eazymas.  He  is  said,  however,  by  Ovid 
('Fasti,'  iii.  553),  and  SiHus  Italians  ('  de  Bello  Punico,'  viii.  79),  to 
have  occupied  Carthage  forcibly  after  Aeneas's  departure  and  Dido's 
death,  when  Anna  fled  and  landed  in  Italy,  where  she  was  received 
by  Aeneas  then  married  to  Lavinia,  and  finally  became  a  goddess 
under  the  tital  of  Anna  Perenna.  Ovid  in  his  'Heroides'  (vii.  125), 
represents  Dido  as  in  fear  of  larbas.  In  Marlow's  tragedy  of 
'  Dido,  Queen  of  Carthage,'  larbas,  in  despair,  commits  suicide 
along  with  Dido,  and  Anna,  enamoured  of  larbas,  does  the  same,  but 
this  is  probably  only  the  invention  of  the  playwriter. 

After  the  fourth  book,  events  are  told  in  the  'Eneydos'  in  pretty 
much  the  same  sequence  as  in  the  '  Aeneid,'  but  still  there  are  con- 
siderable differences  in  places.  The  fifth  book  of  the  *  Aeneid '  is 
occupied  by  Aeneas's  being  driven  by  a  storm  on  the  coast  of  Sicily, 
his  kind  reception  as  before  by  Acestes,  a  very  long  detail  of  the 
games  at  the  tomb  of  Anchises,  the  attempt  of  the  Trojan  women  to 
burn  the  ships,  the  founding  of  a  new  Troy  for  the  aged  and  infirm 
and  those  who  wish  to  go  no  farther,  the  departure  for  Italy,  and  the 
death  of  Palinurus.  Cap.  xxx.  notices  the  storm  and  the  arrival  in 
Sicily  very  briefly,  and  only  just  mentions  the  games  which  are 
described  at  such  length  and  so  interestingly  in  the  '  Aeneid.'  Cap. 
xxxi.  begins  with  a  brief  notice  of  the  attempt  to  burn  the  ships, 
the  saving  of  which  is  attributed  to  Ascanius,  whereas  in  the '  Aeneid,' 
though  Ascanius  is  said  to  be  the  first  to  arrive  on  the  scene,  it  is 
Aeneas  who  saves  them  by  his  prayer  to  Jove,  who  answers  by  a 
thunderstorm  sufficiently  violent  to  quench  the  flames.  Four  ships 
are  said  to  be  burned  in  the  '  Aeneid,'  three  in  the  ' Eneydos.'  Cap.  xxxi. 
then  briefly  notices  the  foundation  of  'New  Troy,  afterwards  called 
Acestre,  after  Acestes,  king  of  the  country.  In  the '  Aeneid  '  the  place 
is  simply  called  Acesta,  and  it  is  to  stand  in  the  place  of  Ilium  to 
those  wlio  remain  in  it :  it  seems  afterwards  to  have  been  called  Segesta. 
By  the  bye,  the  '  Eneydos  '  merely  says  that  Acestes  was  of  Trojan 
lineage,  and  does  not  mention  his  being  the  son  of  the  river-god 
Crinisus  and  a  Trojan  damsel,  as  stated  in  the  '  Aeneid,'  v.  38.    After 


XIV       DIFFERENCES    BETWEEN    THE    EKEYDES   AND    THE    AEKEID,  VI,  VII. 

loriefly  noticing  the  departure  from  Sicily  and  the  death  of  Palinurus, 
Cap.  xxxi.  says  the  Trojans  landed  on  an  isle  called  Tulyola,  where 
Avas  a  city  called  Tlietys,  after  a  nephew  of  Eneas,  who  settled  in  it 
after  conquering  Italy.  Here  it  says  Daedalus  took  refuge  Avhen  he 
flew  from  Crete,  and  hei'e  begins  a  long  digression  on  the  history  of 
Diedalus,  Minos  of  Crete,  his  wife  (here  called  Pasyfa),  the  Laby- 
rinth, Aegeus,  Theseus,  and  Ariadne,  here  called  Adryane,  ending 
with  the  flight  of  Dtedalus  and  the  death  of  Icarus  (here  called 
'  sycarus  '),  only  Dasdalus  at  the  end  is  said  to  have  arrived  in  Sar- 
dayne.  This  occupies  as  well  all  Cap.  xxxii.,  and  this  long  story  is 
all  founded  on  a  very  few  lines  in  the  beginning  of  Book  vi.  of  the 
'  Aeneid,'  vv.  15 — 30,  where  Daedalus  is  briefly  mentioned,  and  is 
said  to  have  founded  the  temple  of  Apollo  at  Cumse,  and  dedicated 
his  wings  there  to  the  god.  The  sixth  book  of  the '  Aeneid  '  begins 

with  Aeneas's  arrival  at  Cumse.  This  is  called  in  the  '  Eneydos,'  Cap. 
xxxii.,  the  "yle  of  Eulyola,"  as  in  xxxi.  Tulyola.  This  may  have 
some  connection  with  "  Euboicis  Cumarum  allabitur  oris,"  '  Aen.' 
vi.  2,  as  Cumse  in  Italy  was  founded  by  joint  colonies  from  Chalcis  in 
Euboea  and  Cumte  in  Asiatic  Aeolia,  led  by  Megasthenes  and 
Hippocles  respectively,  and  Eulyola  may  be  intended  to  bear  a 
resemblance  to  Euboicse.  The  rest  of  the  sixth  book  is  entirely 
occupied  by  Aeneas's  visit  to  the  Cumsean  Sibyl,  and  his  descent 
into  Avernus.  The  latter  event  is  very  briefly  noticed  by  the  writer 
of  the  '  Eneydos,'  who  expresses  his  disbelief  in  it.  He  evidently 
looks  on  the  '  Aeneid '  as  in  the  main  a  true  story,  and  thinks  it 
marred  by  the  introduction  of  such  an  improbable  occurrence.  His 
remarks  on  the  matter  in  the  beginning  of  Cap.  xxxiii,  are  very 
amusing.  The  two  last  lines  of  Book  vi.  of  the  '  Aeneid '  bring 

Aeneas  from  Cumaj  to  Caieta.  Book  vii.  describes  his  arrival  in 
the  Tiber,  and  after  an  account  of  Latinus,  his  kingdom  and  family, 
and  of  Turnus,  goes  on  to  describe  the  fulfilment  of  Celseno's 
prophecy,  the  embassy  to  Latinus  and  its  gracious  reception,  the  evil 
influence  of  Juno  on  Amata  and  Turnus,  the  accidental  wounding 
by  Ascanius  of  Sylvia's  deer,  the  consequent  skirmish  and  commence- 
ment of  hostilities,  and  winds  up  with  a  long  account  of  Latin  chiefs 
who  rally  round  Turnus's  standard.     To  this  book  correspond  more 


DIFFERENCES    BETWEEN    THE    ENEYDES    AND    THE    AENEID,  BK.  VII.       XV 

or  less  Caps.  xxxiii.-ix.  of  the  'Eneydos,'  but  with  mauy  discrepancies. 
2so  mention  is  made  of  Juno,  Alecto,  or  Amata.  The  few  lines  at 
V.  45  of  Book  vii.  describing  Latinus's  descent  are  magnified  into  a 
sort  of  chronology  or  history  of  Italy  from  Latinus's  predecessors  to 
Julius  Caesar  !     This  is  in  Cap.  xxxiv. 

There  are  said  to  have  been  seven  Italian  kings  reigning  for  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years  up  to  the  time  of  Aeneas's  arrival,  but  only 
five  are  given,  Janus,  Saturnus  (distinctly  said  not  to  be  the  father 
of  Jupiter),  Pyrrus,  Faunus,  and  Latinus.  Yirgil  mentions  Latinus, 
Faunus,  Picus,  and  Saturn.  There  are  also  said  to  be  seven  kings 
reigning  after  Romulus,  but  only  the  usual  six  are  named,  their 
names  being  wonderfully  spelt.  The  period  allotted  to  them  is 
much  the  same  as  given  by  Livy  and  others,  viz,  two  hundred  and 
forty  years.  Aeneas  lands  (Cap.  xxxiii, )  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Tonyre,  and  the  fulfilment  of  the  prophecy  of  Cela^no  is  here  men- 
tioned, though  it  had  not  been  mentioned  before  in  the  '  Eneydos,' 
and  is  here  attributed  to  Anchises,  not  to  the  Harpy.  It  is  true 
that  Aeneas  on  this  occasion  does  say  that  Anchises  had  explained 
the  mystery  of  the  prophecy  to  him,  which  might  lead  to  the  error 
of  attributing  to  him  the  prophecy  itself.  In  Cap.  xxxv.  we  are  told, 
as  in  the  '  Aeneid,'  that  Latinus  called  his  capital  Laurence  (Laurens), 
from  a  laurel  growing  in  the  palace,  but  we  are  also  told  that  it  was 
first  called  Lamyra,  from  Lavynus,  King  Latinus's  elder  brother. 
This  story  is  told  by  Servius,  who  calls  it  Lavinum,  from  Lavinus, 
but  whence  he  got  it  is  not  known,  and  it  looks  like  a  confusion 
with  the  Lavinium  founded  afterwards  by  Aeneas  in  honour  of 
Lavinia,  daughter  of  Latinus.  It  is  not  in  Virgil  at  all.  In  Cap. 
xxxvi.  Ilioneus  is  called  '  dyoneus.'  Turnus  (Cap.  xxxiii.)  is  quaintly 
described  as  "  a  bacheler  of  ytalie — y*  was  moche  preu  and  hardy." 
In  Cap.  xxxviii.  is  described  the  fray  caused  by  Ascanius  inadvert- 
ently wounding  Sylvia's  tame  deer.  Sylvia  is  here  described  as  the 
daughter  of  Turnus,  and  the  young  man  slain  iu  the  fray  as  son  of 
Turnus ;  in  the  '  Aeneid,'  Sylvia  and  the  youth  (Almo)  are  children 
of  Tyrrheus,  shepherd  to  Latinus ;  and  Turnus's  children,  here  men- 
tioned as  two  sons  and  a  fair  daughter,  do  not  appear  at  all  in  the 
'  Aeneid,'  where  Turnus  is  introduced  as  quite  a  young  man.     The 


XVI       DIFFERENCES    RETWEEX    THE    EXEVDES  AND    THE    AENEID,  VITI,  IX. 

host  gathered  by  Turnus  as  dcscril)cd  at  length  in  vv.  047 — 815, '  Aen.' 
]]ook  vii.  is  mentioned  very  briefly  in  Cap.  xxxix.  as  of  lombardye, 
"  to  scane,  and  the  valles  of  ytalie,"  and  no  one  is  named  save  Camilla, 
here  called  '  canulla,'  and  said  to  come  from  '  prouerne  '  (Privernum), 
and  to  be  daughter  of, '  medabus '  (Metabus). 

Book  viii.  of  the '  Aeneid '  begins  briefly  with  Turnus's  embassy  to 
Diomede  to  ask  help,  and  then  gives  at  length  Aeneas's  journey  on 
a  similar  errand  to  Evander,  an  Arcadian  settled  at  Mount  Palatine 
on  the  Tiber,  at  the  instigation  of  Father  Tiber  who  appears  to  him 
in  his  sleep.  Evander  receives  him  kindly,  tells  him  the  story  of 
Cacus,  promises  him  his  son  Pallas  with  four  hundred  horse,  and 
sends  him  on  to  the  Tyrrhenes,  who  have  just  expelled  their  king 
Mezentius  for  his  cruelty.  It  winds  up  with  Venus  giving  Aeneas 
a  splendid  set  of  arms  which  she  persuades  Vulcan  to  forge  for  him, 
and  on  the  shield  is  engraven  the  future  story  of  Pome,  much  to 
Aeneas's  astonishment.  Caps.  xl.  and  xli.  of  the  'Eneydos'  correspond 
to  this,  but  tell  the  tale  briefly,  omitting  the  story  cf  Cacus  and  the 
expedition  to  the  Tyrrhenes.  Evander  is  said  to  be  nephew  of  King 
Thalamus  of  Archade,  to  have  left  his  native  land  on  account  of 
having  killed  his  father  by  advice  of  his  mother  Vyceta,  to  have 
settled  on  mounte  Palatyne  on  the  river  Tonyre,  and  to  have  a  town 
called  Palence,  after  King  Palantyne  of  Archade.  He  is  said  to  have 
a  daughter,  Palencia,  and  a  son,  Palas,  whom  he  gives  to  Eneas  with 
four  thousand  men.  His  wife  is  also  mentioned  as  grieving  over 
Palas's  departure,  N'othing  of  this  appears  in  Virgil,  where  Evander's 
mother  is  Carmentis,— his  wife  from  vv.  158,  159  of  Book  xi.  is  evi- 
dently dead, — and  no  daughter  is  spoken  of.  His  city,  Pallanteum, 
is  named  after  an  ancestor,  Pallas  :  some  historians  say  it  was  after  a 
similarly  named  city  in  Arcadia,  from  whence  he  came.  Elsewhere 
we  find  that  he  had  two  daughters,  Eome  and  Dyna,  but  they  are  not 
mentioned  in  the  *  Aeneid,'  which  seems  to  imply  that  Pallas  was  an 
only  child.  Evander's  parting  address  to  his  son  is  very  correctly 
translated  in  the  '  Eneydos,'  but  no  mention  is  made  of  Venus's  gift 
to  Aeneas. 

The  principal  events  of  Book  ix.  are  Turnus's  attack  on  the 
Trojans,  instigated  by  Juno,  during  Aeneas's  absence,  the   burning 


DIFFERENCES    BETWEEN    THE    ENEYDES   AND    THE    AENEID,  IX,  X.        XVll 

of  tlie  Trojan  ships  and  tlieir  wonderful  metamorphosis  into  sea- 
nymphs,  the  fierce  conflict  round  the  Trojan  camp,  and  the  sally  of 
Nisus  and  Euryalus.  This  is  told  with  no  important  variation  except 
that  we  are  not  told  that  Turnus  got  inside  the  Trojan  camp  (ix.  vv, 
725 — 818),  and  Nisus  (Xysus)  and  Euryalus  (Eryalus)  are  repre- 
sented as  being  mounted.  The  names  are  often  wonderfully  spelt; 
Volscens,  who  intercepts  jSTisus  and  Euryalus,  is  called  Bolcus.  Can 
the  mis-spelling  arise  from  a  mistaken  sound,  as  if  the  story  had  been 
written  down  from  oral  repetition,  not  copied  from  a  book  1  Some 
other  of  the  wonderful  variations  from  the  Latin  names  suggest  the 
same  idea.  No  mention  is  made  of  Juno's  message  by  Iris  to  Turnus, 
or  the  metamorphosis  of  the  Trojan  ships,  though  their  burning  is 
described :  similarly  the  Council  of  the  Gods  mentioned  in  the 
beginning  of  Book  x.  is  omitted  in  Cap.  xlviii.,  which  corresponds  to 
it.  Such  incidents,  the  scribe  of  the  '  Eneydos '  evidently  thinks  un- 
worthy of  a  true  story  such  as  he  is  translating  from  Virgil.  The 
spectral  image  of  Aeneas  which,  by  retreating,  lures  Turnus  from  the 
bnttle  and  on  board  the  empty  ship  that  carries  him  Avith  the  current 
to  Ardea  is  attributed,  not  to  Juno,  as  by  Virgil,  but  to  the  Fiend  ! 
Here  we  may  notice  that  Ardea  is  called  'darda,'  and  Daunus,  Turuus's 
father,  '  daryus.' 

Tiie  events  of  the  tenth,  eleventh,  and  twelfth  books  are  pretty 
faithfully  followed  in  the  '  Eneydos,'  viz.  Aeneas's  return  with  Pallas 
and  the  Tyrrhenes  under  Tarchon,  the  battle,  Ascanius's  sally,  the 
deaths  of  Pallas,  Mazentius,  and  Lausus,  the  truce,  the  return  of  the 
embassy  to  Diomede,  Latinus's  council,  the  second  battle  and  death 
of  Camilla,  the  arrangement  for  single  combat  between  Aeneas  and 
Turnus,  the  renewal  of  hostilities,  the  suicide  of  Amata,  the  single 
combat  between  Aeneas  and  Turnus,  and  the  death  of  the  latter. 
The  story  is  however  differently  told  in  the  '  Eneydos '  in  a  few 
particulars.  Aeneas's  visit  to  the  Tyrrhenes  is  not  mentioned ;  nor 
is  their  army  which  returns  with  him,  and  is  described  at  length  in 
the  '  Acneid,'  Book  x.  vv.  1G5 — 212,  mentioned  either,  except  to  say 
that  Aeneas  returns  Avith  "  moclie  folke  "  from  Palence,  viz.  thirty 
ships  under  King  Carton ;  and  the  fact  is  mentioned  that  Carton's 
(Tarchon's)  ship  was  too  big  ("to  grete")F  to  get  into  the  haven. 

ENEYDOS.  b 


Xvili     DIFFERENCES    BETWEEN    THE    ENEYDES    AND    AENEID,  BKS.  XI,  XII. 

Virgil's  account  is  that  it  ran  aground  and  came  to  pieces.  The 
deaths  of  Lausus  and  Mezentius  are  very  correctly  taken  from  Virgil. 
Of  course  the  meeting  of  Aeneas  -with  his  OAvn  ships  in  the  shape  of 
nymphs  is  ignored,  as  is  the  sending  of  Opis  by  Diana  to  avenge  the 
death  of  Camilla,  here  called  CanuUa.  Her  slayer  Aruns  is  called 
Anyus,  and  is  said  to  be  slain  by  a  maid  in  revenge  for  her  mistress's 
death.  Chloreus,  Avhom  Camilla  was  pursuing  when  struck  by 
Arims,  is  called  Cleonis,  and  is  said  to  have  been  a  bishop  in  Troy  ! 
In  the  '  Aeneid '  he  is  "  sacer  Cybele — olimque  sacerdos."  Diana's 
long  account  of  Camilla  and  her  father  to  Opis,  vv.  532-594,  is  also 
omitted.  In  Cap.  Iv.,  on  the  renewal  of  hostilities,  Turnus  makes 
"  bussynes  and  trompettes  to  be  blowen."     This  is  a  translation  of 

"  Bello  dat  signum  rauca  cruentum 
Buccina." — '  Aeneid,'  lib.  xi.  v.  475. 

In  Cap.  Iviii.  the  Latin  queen  Amata,  here  called  Amatha,  is  at 
last  mentioned  as  endeavouring  to  dissuade  Turnus  from  single 
combat  with  Aeneas,  and  her  death  is  mentioned  in  Cap.  Ixi,  The 
interference  of  the  gods,  which  plays  so  important  a  part  in  Virgil's 
story,  is  still  ignored  by  the  scribe  of  the '  Eneydos,'  though  admitted 
previously  in  Book  iv.  Juturna's  interference  at  the  instigation  of 
Juno  (Book  xii.  v.  221)  in  the  arrangements  for  the  single  combat  is 
left  out,  and  all  the  blame  for  the  resumption  of  hostilities  laid  on 
Tolumnius,  here  called  Tholomseus,  "  a  deuynowre,"  nor  is  her  appear- 
ance as  Turnus' s  charioteer  (v.  467)  mentioned.  Most  of  the  fighting, 
however,  is  pretty  faithfully  copied  from  the  '  Aeneid,'  and  so  is  the 
death  of  Turnus  in  Cap.  Ixii.,  which  winds  up  immediately  after 
Turnus  dies  with  the  entirely  extraneous  sentence — 

"  All  thus  was  conquered  all  Lombardye  and  the  pucelle  Lauyne 
by  the  hande  of  eneas." 

Here  the  story  of  the  '  Aeneid '  ends,  but  the  '  Eneydos '  contains 
three  more  chapters,  giving  a  history  of  Aeneas  and  Lavinia,  and  the 
Alban  kings  that  succeeded  them.  This  requires  little  notice.  Three 
Eoman  writers  have  left  lists  of  the  Alban  kings,  viz.  Livy,  Dionysius 
of  Halicarnassus,  and,  oddly  enough,  Ovid,  in  his  'Metamorphoses' : 
Dionysius  alone  gives  the  length  of  their  reigns  ;  and  all  three 
accounts  differ  in  the  order  of  succession  and  names  of  these  kings. 


ADDITIONS    IN    THE    ENEYDES   TO    VIRGIL  S    STORY.  XIX 

The  account  given  in  Cap.  Ixv.  of  the  'Eneydos'  differs  from  all  the 
others  both  in  order  of  succession  and  names  of  the  kings,  and  gives 
the  length  of  the  reigns  differently  to  Dionysius  ;  moreover,  the  reigns 
as  given  in  both  fall  far  short  of  the  four  hundred  and  seven  years  given 
both  in  Caps.  Ixv.  and  xxxiv.  as  the  period  from  Aeneas  to  Eomulus. 
As  to  the  history  of  that  period  as  given  here  it  is  impossible  to  offer 
any  opinion,  as  no  two  historians  give  a  similar  account.  As  Livy 
says  (lib.  i,  cap.  3),  "  quis  enim  rem  tarn  veterem  pro  certo  afhrmet  1 " 
It  is  curious  to  see  the  term  Lombardy,  belonging  to  a  different  place 
and  a  very  different  period,  applied  to  the  Latin  kingdom,  and  the 
attempt  to  reconcile  the  chronology  of  the  Alban  period  with  that  of 
contemporar}-  states  is  interesting.  According  to  the  scribe  of  the 
'  Eneydos  '  the  Israelitish  Exodus  from  Egypt  took  place  about  one 
hundred  and  forty  years  before  the  time  usually  ascribed  to  it,  and 
there  is  a  similar  difference  as  to  King  David  ;  as  to  the  date  assigned 
to  Homer,  the  scribe  of  the  '  Eneydos  '  is  perhaps  as  likely  to  be  right 
as  any  one  else.     It  ends  very  abruptly. 

On  the  whole  the  '  Eneydos,'  as  englisht  by  Caxton  from  the 
French  Eneydes,  is  a  romance  mainly  following  the  outlines  of 
Virgil's  story  in  the  '  Aeneid,'  but  by  no  means  a  translation  of  it, 
and  the  Avi'iter  of  the  French  original  seems  to  have  possessed  some 
historical  information  which  he  interpolates  from  time  to  time,  by 
way  of,  in  his  opinion  no  doubt,  improving  the  story.  These  inter- 
polations we  have  in  some  measure  endeavoured  to  trace.  As  to  the 
date  Ave  know  nothing,  except  that  it  must  have  been  written  later 
than  Boccaccio's  'Fall  of  Princes,'  and  Boccaccio  died  in  137G.  In 
being  founded  on  an  existing  work,  it  differs  from  many  of  the  early 
French  Eomances,  which  for  the  most  part  are  either  pure  fable  or 
founded  on  legends  little  better  than  mythical. ^  We  are  in  equal 
ignorance  as  to  the  author,  but  from  different  little  things  in  the  tale, 
as  well  as  what  Caxton  says  in  the  beginning  of  his  Prologue,  the 
writer  was  probably  an  ecclesiastic. 

^  Like  Virgil's  '  AenciJ,'  may  we  say  ? — F. 


h2 


AFTERWORDS  BY  F.  J.   FURNIVALL. 

Our  kind  helper  Mr.  Culley  unhappily  died  from  a  disease  in 
tlie  throat,  hefore  he  could  revise  his  Preface,  written  hefore — hy  the 
help  of  Prof.  P.  Meyer,  Brunet's  Manuel,  1814,  and  the  Huth  Cata- 
logue— I  had  found  out  the  wrongness  of  Mr.  Blades's  statement 
that  no  copy  of  the  French  original  of  the  Encijdos  was  known. 
When  Mr.  Culley — who  had  always  taken  interest  in  the  E.  E.  Text 
Soc— told  me  that  he  had  kept  up  his  Oxford  classics,  I  askt  him  to 
edit  for  us  this  Caxton's  Eneydm  which  Mrs.  A.  Furnivall  had  copied 
for  the  Society.  As  I  agreed  to  read  it  for  him  with  Caxton's  print, 
revise  his  side-notes  when  needed,  and  get  the  index  and  glossary 
made  for  him  by  Mr.  T.  Austin,  Mr.  Culley  agreed  to  help  us,  and  he 
saw  the  text  through  the  press.  When  he  came  to  London  to  be 
under  his  doctor,  he  was  too  ill  to  collate  the  English  with  its  Prench 
original,  and  so  I  did  it,^  Mr.  Alfred  H.  Huth  continuing  the  kindness 
which  his  father  always  showd  me,  and  for  which  I  heartily  thank 
him.  Would  that  the  Ashburnhams  were  like  the  Huths,  Spencers, 
Crawfords,  and  the  other  generous  owners  who  so  freely  grant  the 
use  of  their  treasures  to  us  literary  antiquaries  ! 

As  Dr.  L.  Kellner  will  treat  thoroughly  Caxton's  syntax  in  his 
Introduction  to  our  old  printer's  BJanchardijn — which  I  hope  will 
go  out  with  this  Eneijdos,  for  the  text  has  all  been  long  in  type — I 
need  do  nothing  more  here  than  refer  the  reader  to  my  collation  of 
the  English  and  French  texts  of  the  present  version  of  Virgil's  poem 
on  pages  188-214  below.  He  will  see  that  Caxton  often  keeps  up 
the  earlier  English  custom  of  using  two  equivalents  for  one  French 

1  The  misprints  in  the  French  text  both  amused  and  comforted  me,  so  I 
left  them,  to  show  that  Lo  Hoy  was  more  careless  than  Caxtou. 


INFLUENCE    OF    FUENCII    ON    ENGLISH.  XXI 

word,^  thougli  lie  sometimes  (but  rarely)  reverses   tlie  process,  and 
puts  only  one  English  for  two  or  more  French.'^ 

Dr.  Kellner's  contention,  that  though  Caxton  imported  French 
Avords  freely,  he  did  not  import  French  constructi(jns,  I  mot  by 
citing  Caxton's  '  the  his '  (23/19)  ^^^  ^^^  French  le  aieu  ;  '^  and  I  suppose 
that  arrangements  like  '  the  lugemente  that  to  hym  was  fortunat ' 
(25/ 1 6),  are  due  to  French  influence,  *wi  im/ement  que  luy  estoit  for- 
tune ;  but  Dr.  Kellner  is  no  doubt  riglxt  in  the  main.  Still,  I  never 
felt  how  largely  French  construction  has  influenst  English,  till  the 
often-by-me-sought  source  of  our '  How  do  you  do '  turnd  up  one  day 
in  the  old  French 

["  Comment  le  faites  vous,  comment  vous  portez-vous  ]] 

Lors  li  dist  la  dame,  comment 

Le  faites-vous,  biaus  tres  douc  sire  1 

Eoman  du  chastelain  de  Couci,  v.  3488. 

II  li  demandent  de  lur  piere, 

Et  coment  lefesait  lur  miere. — Lai  d'Havcloc,  v.  562. 

Que  fait  [How  does]  mes  sires  1  est-il  sains  et  haities  1 

iLoncevaux,  p.  159." 

Hippeau.      Glossa/re,  Pt.  II,  1872,  p.  170. 

Since  this,  I've  always  felt  humble  when   I've  met  a  Frenchman  ; 
and  if  he'd  claimd  all  England  and  English  Literature  as  French,  I 

1  sorowfulle  and  bywepte,  esplourec,  19/ 1-2  ;  cliasse  and  liunte,  cliaccr, 
51/36  ;  appareylled  and  couered,  coiouerte,  ^iji'j  ;  &c.,  &c. 

2  '  places  '  for  lieiox  ct  places  26/32,  '  maydens '  for  pucellcs  oil,  ictmcs  filles 
29/27,  '  the  owle '  for  la  voix  do  lafrezaye  auUremcnt  dit  cJieucche  80/ 14,  '  techer ' 
iov  enseigiuresse  ct  doctrisse  85/5,  '  kynge  '  for  roy  ct  sire  II4/24,  '  wente  '  for 
vindrcnt  <fc  errerent  123/28,  '  wyses  '  for  faccns  d:  manures  I23/55.  See  also  tue 
<0  occis  'pour  sa  cjrand  forcenerie,  slayne,  153/2  ;  moult  ire  <L-  coiirrouee,  sore  an- 
angred,  143/6;  aioiostances  ffio  apjjcndances,  appurtenaunces,  I64/25  ;  &c.,  &c. 

3  On  the  other  hand,  he  gives  hors  du  sens  its  English  equivalent  of  '  hesyde 
hymself '  59/33,  tho'  he  renders  forccnee  by  'mad  and  beside  herself  97/9-10. 
(A  woman)  ensainte  is  englisht  '  wyth  chylde '  117/5,  vers  la  bout  dc  la  ntf  is 
'  vpon  the  forcastell '  II6/26,  and  purees  is  '  made  fayre  '  83/6. 

When  Caxton  thinks  his  literal  englisliing  of  the  French  may  be  misunder- 
stood, as  in  describing  Dido's  moderate-sized  nose,  he  enlarges  le  ncs  moijcn  into 
'a  meane  noose,  not  to  grete  nor  to  lytell '  II2/28.  So  also  cspietos  aguz  is 
reuderd  'logges  wyth  sharpc  yron  atte  the  ende'  I38/22-31. 


Xxii  THE    ROMAN   d' ENEAS,    AND    THE    ITALIAN    PROSE  147G. 

should  hardly  have  dared  say  that  they  helongd  to  us.^  Who  too 
would  have  thought  that  Ave  owd  '  mother  country  '  to  France  1  Yet 
there  it  is  in  the  Eneydes,  'la  doulce  terre  mere,'  p.  192  below, 
29/4-5  >  ^^^  *^^^^  Caxton  actually  left  out  the  mere,  aud  englisht'  the 
swete  conntrey '  only !  ^  -  However,  we'll  forgive  him,  for  his  delight- 
ful bit  about  the  egges  and  eyren  at  the  Kentish  Foreland,  p.  2-3, 
his  praise  of  Skelton,  p.  3-4,  and  his  touch  'when  we  halowe  ouy 
solempnyte  in  the  tyme  of  somer '  (I7/22),  to  be  compared  with 
the  French,  p.  189,  col.  2.  If  only  Caxton  would  have  written  us 
an  account  of  the  Eugland  of  his  time,  how  gladly  we'd  have  done 
without  his  englishing  one  or  two  of  his  didl  foreign  books  ! 

The  other  point  on  which  I  wisht  information  to  be  given  in  this 
edition,  Avas,  what  is  the  relation  of  the  prose  Eneydes  to  the  early 
verse  Roman  tVEneas,  and  of  that  to  Virgil's  Aeneid.  Luckily 
Prof.  Paul  Meyer  reviewd  in  the  last  number  of  the  Romania  Dr. 
Salverda  de  Grave's  Introduction  to  the  edition  of  the  Roman  Avhich 
he  has  been  for  some  time  preparing.  And  at  my  request  Dr.  de 
Grave  has  been  kind  enough  to  write  us  the  short  essay  which 
follows,  and  for  which  we  all  thank  him. 

On  pages  xxix — xxxi  I  have  added  a  few  extracts  from  the 
Italian  prose  shortening  of  the  Aeneid,  translated  (X)  from  the  Greek 
of  Athanasius  in  1476.  The  student  who  wishes  to  follow  the 
Middle-Age  changes  of  Virgil  ^  further,  should  read 

1.  '  Virgilio  nel  Medio  Evo,  per  Domenico  Comparetti,  Livorno, 
1872  :  Parte  prima,  Virgilio  nella  Tradiziona  Letteraria  fino  a  Dante  ; 
Parte  seconda,  Virgilio  nella  Legenda  Popolare.'  See  the  Table  of 
Contents  (Indice)  at  the  end  of  Part  II. 

1  Our  good  friend  Prof.  Paul  Meyer  is  now  writing  an  Essay  in  wliioh  he 
claims  that  in  the  early  part  of  the  14th  century,  French  had  ahnost  driven 
English  out  of  England.  He  thinks  it  '  a  very  great  pity '  that  his  French  did 
not  wholly  conquer,  as  then  all  Britain,  America,  India  and  our  Colonies  would 
have  spoken  French,  and  we  should  all  have  been  saved  the  trouble  of  learning 
it.  Chaucer,  Shakspere,  Milton  &c.  would  have  written  in  French  too  (poor 
things  !),  and  French  would  have  been  the  ruling  tongue  of  the  world. 

^  Our  old  worthy's  worst-looking  rendering  in  his  translatioii  is  '  tygrcs  iu- 
fernalle  '  for  the  French  tigcs  stocks  (?  families,  deities)  of  hell ;  but  as  Prof.  P. 
Meyer  doesn't  acknowledge  tiges  as  the  right  word  here,  Caxton  probably  found 
tigrcs  in  his  original,  which  is  occasionally  better  than  the  printed  text. 

3  The  man.     For  the  Aeneid,  sec  M.  Parodi's  book,  p.  xxvii,  note  ',  below. 


THE    EOMAN  d'kNEAS   AND    THE    ITALIAN   PROSE    1476.  Xxiii 

2.  Master  Virgil.  The  Author  of  the  Aeneid  as  he  Seemed  iu 
the  Middle  Ages.  A  Series  of  Studies  by  J.  S.  Tunison,  1889. 
(Eobert  Clarke  &  Co.     $2.00.) 

*  The  Studies  discuss  the  diabolism,  the  superstitions,  and  science 
of  the  middle  ages,  and  the  magical  and  prophetic  character  of  the 
author  of  the  Aeneid,  from  its  rise  in  fables  to  its  outcome  in  the 
legends  that  "were  generally  accepted  at  the  close  of  the  medi?eval 
epoch.'— L?Y,  World,  Boston,  U.S.A.,  1889. 

The  English  black-letter  Virgilius  of  about  1520,  which  was  iu 
Laneham's  or  Captain  Cox's  famous  Library,  and  which  I  skfitcht  in 
my  Introduction  to  'L.'s  Letter  of  1575  in  the  Ballad  Society,  was 
reprinted  by  Thorns  in  his  'Early  Prose  Romances,'  Pickering,  1827. 
The  old  title  is 

'This  Boke  treateth  of  the  Lyfe  of  Virgilius,  and  of  his  Deth, 
And  Many  Maruayles  that  he  dyd  in  his  Lyfe  Tyme  by  "Whychcraf te 
and  Nygramancye  thorough  the  helpe  of  the  Deuyls  of  Hell.'  The 
colophon  is  '  Thus  endethe  the  lyfe  of  VirgUius  with  many  dyuers 
consaytes  that  he  dyd.  Emprynted  in  the  cytie  of  Anwarpe  By  me 
lohan  Doesborcke  dwellynge  at  the  canierporte.'  4to,  30  leaves. 
Bodleian  (Douce). — Hazlitt, — F.  J.  F. 

3  St.  George's  Sq.  Primrose  Hill,  N.  W. 
May  24-5,  18S9  ;  1.40  a.m. 


ON 
THE  ENEYDES   AND  THE  ROMAN   H^NEAS, 

BY 

DR.  SALVERDA  DE  GRAVE. 

The  inquiry  naturally  arises,  '  Did  the  author  of  Caxton's 
original,  the  French  prose  Enemies,  use  any  of  the  numerous  ]\Iiddle- 
Age  versions  of  the  Aeneid,  or  did  he  work — as  he  says  he  did — from 
Virgil's  own  poem  % '  The  many  changes  that  the  French  writer  made 
in  Virgil's  story — see  p.  vii — xix  above — favour  the  view  that  at  least 
some  of  his  alterations  were  due  to  former  hands,  but  iny  searches  for 
these  have  been  hitherto  in  vain,  and  I  doubt  whether  any  future 
student  will  be  more  fortunate  in  discovering  them,  though  I  hope 
he  may  be. 

Meantime,  among  the  earlier  versions  of  the  Aeneid  already 
known  to  us,  the  verse  Roman  d^Eneas  presents  itself  in  the  first 
place  :  it  is  the  oldest  existing  version  of  Virgil's  poem  in  the  vulgar 
tongue.  Being  occupied  in  preparing  an  edition  of  this  Old-French 
romance,  and  having  already  published  the  results  of  my  researches 
on  its  relations  to  Virgil,^  I  have  been  asked  by  Dr.  Furnivall  to  add 
to  the  edition  of  Caxton's  Eneydos  some  observations  on  the  Rovuin 
d'Eneas,  and  to  see  whether  any  relation  exists  between  it  and 
Caxton's  original,  or  if  they  are  independent  of  one  another.  As  to 
the  latter  question,  if  there  is  any  connection  between  them,  it  is  so 
remote  that  it  is  of  very  slight  importance.  However,  I  will  say 
something  of  the  Roman  d'Eneas,  because  of  the  literary  interest 
in  comparing  how  the  same  matter  is  treated  by  a  poet  of  the  twelfth 
century  and  by  one  of  his  prose  compatriots  of  three  centuries  later. 

There  is  no  doubt  that  the  Roman  d'Eneas  (the  author  of  which 
is  unknown)  was  translated  directly  from  the  Aeneid  of  Virgil.  The 
supposition  of  a  school  version  in  prose  as  the  immediate  original  of 
1  Introduction  a  une  edition  critique  du  Roman  d'Eneas.     La  Hayc,  1SS8. 


CHANGES    FROM    THE    AEXEID   IN    THE    HOMAN   D  ENEAS.        XXV 

the  Old-French  romance  is  inadmissible.  The  two  poems  are  so  entirely 
alike,  not  only  in  the  main  lines  of  the  narrative,  but  also  in  most  of 
the  particulars,  that  there  is  no  need  to  separate  the  French  romance 
from  the  great  Latin  poem.  However,  the  translation  is  far  from 
being  literal.  The  various  episodes  of  Aeneas's  voyages  and  Avars 
are  to  be  found  in  it  as  well  as  in  Virgil,  but  the  manner  in  which 
they  are  told  is  completely  different.  Indeed,  the  poets  and  artists 
of  the  Middle  Ages,  instead  of  treating  antiquity  with  the  same 
respect  as  we  do,  try  to  adapt  the  adventures  of  classic  heroes  to  the 
customs  and  usages  of  their  own  later  age ;  to  them  the  local  colour 
was  little ;  and  so  they  regenerate  Aeneas,  and  turn  him  into  a 
'  chevalier '  surrounded  by  his  '  barons,'  who  fights  in  just  the  same 
way  as  the  hero  of  a  '  chanson  de  geste.' 

This  is  the  chief  reason  why  the  Old-French  romances  imitated 
from  classical  poems  jDreserve  such  an  individual  character.  Another 
reason  is  this,  that  the  Old-French  poets  don't  content  themselves  with 
the  marvels  they  find  in  the  original,  but  add  to  them  still  greater 
prodigies,  and  overload  their  translations  with  the  descrijjtion  of 
marvellous  tombs  and  magnificent  costumes,  which  appear  to  us 
puerile,  or  at  least  misplaced  in  a  masterpiece  of  antiquity. 

The  anonymous  translator  and  converter  of  the  Aeneld  into  the 
Roman  cVEneas  is  a  great  friend  of  such  descriptions  and  interpola- 
tions. In  my  Introduction  I  have  tried  to  find  the  sources  whence 
he  got  the  materials  for  his  additions.  Certainly  not  in  the  glosses 
of  an  Aeneid  manuscript ;  for  in  no  such  manuscript  did  I  find 
glosses  that  could  be  considered  as  having  furnished  material  to  the 
French  writer.  I  believe,  therefore,  that  he  took  them  here  and 
there,  and  I  have  pointed  out  three  sets  of  sources  that  helped  him  : 

1.  the    classic   authors  (Ovid,    and    perhaps   Lucian    and  Statins); 

2.  the '  Bestiaires ' — for  instance,  that  of  Philippe  de  Thalin ;— 3.  tlie 
'  Chansons  de  geste,' 

The  beginning  of  the  '  Eoman '  is  different  from  the  Latin  :  in- 
stead of  throwing  us  in  medias  res,  the  French  poet  takes  from  the 
Second  Book  of  the  Aeneid  the  history  of  the  destruction  of  Troy, 
and  places  it  in  the  front  of  his  translation.  It  has  been  said  that 
this  change  was  made  in  order  to  couple  the  Roman  de  Troies,  by 


XXvi    CHANGES  FROM  THE  AENEID    IN  THE  ROMAN  d'^NEAS. 

Benoit  de  Sainte-lMore,  with  the  Roman  d'JEneas.  However,  this 
alteration  of  the  beginning  is  common  to  many  of  the  mediaeval 
Aeneid  translations,  and  it  is  probable  that  they  all  made  that  change 
for  the  same  reason,  namely,  the  irregularity  of  the  proceeding  of 
Yirgil  in  not  beginningai  ovo,  and  in  presupposing  as  known  to  his 
readers  particulars  that  he  has  not  yet  mentioned.  The  prose  Eneydes 
too  changes  Virgil's  beginning.  Moreover,  it  not  only  consults  the 
Second  Book  of  the  Aeneid,  but  it  takes  from  the  Third  Book  the 
account  of  Aeneas  finding  Polydorus's  grave.  The  Roman  d' Eneas, 
on  the  contrary,  passes  by  the  whole  of  Virgil's  Third  Book. 

I  will  now  enumerate  the  most  important  additions  and  changes 
of  the  Roman  d' Eneas : 

1.  The  judgment  of  Paris.  The  same  episode  is  related  in  the 
Eomance  of  Troy,  Avith  some  difterences. 

2.  The  full  description  of  the  palace  of  Dido. 

3.  Aen.  I.  656.  Venus  takes  Ascanius  to  her,  and  gives  his 
shape  and  figure  to  Cupid,  who  must  excite  Dido's  love  for  Aeneas; 
the  Roman  d' Eneas,  on  the  contrary,  says  that  Venus  gives  to  As- 
canius himself  the  power  of  inflaming  Dido's  heart. 

4.  The  priestess  of  whom  Dido  speaks  to  her  sister  becomes  a 
sorceress. 

5.  The  description  of  the  infernal  regions  is  very  different  from 
the  Latin. 

6.  The  skill  of  the  tame  stag  of  Tyrus's  daughter  Silvia, 

7.  Long  description  of  Camilla. 

8.  Accounts  of  the  adultery  of  Venus  and  Mars :  this  episode 
was  probably  taken  from  the  Metamorphoses  of  Ovid. 

9.  Turnus,  having  killed  Pallas,  takes  a  ring  off  his  finger. 

10.  Description  of  Pallas's  tomb. 

11.  Description  of  Camilla's  tomb. 

12.  Love  of  Aeneas  and  Lavinia.  This  is  undoubtedly  the  most 
important  addition ;  the  love-scenes  and  monologues  of  this  episode 
occupy  nearly  a  sixth  part  of  the  whole  romance.  The  addition  is 
important  for  Old-French  literature,  because  it  brings  the  Roman 
d' Eneas  near  to  Benoit's  Roman  de  Troies,  in  which  an  analogous 
episode  has  been  inserted. 


THE    ENEYDES    AND    THE    HISTOIRE    ANCIENNE.  XXVll 

These  few  observations  will  enable  the  readers  of  Caxton's  trans- 
lation to  remark  the  difference  between  the  manner  of  treating  antique 
matters  by  the  poet  of  the  Old-French  romance  and  that  of  the 
author  of  the  prose  Enei/des.  The  chief  difference  is  this,  that  the 
candour,  the  spontaneity  of  the  Roman  cV Eneas  have  disappeared ; 
this  is  also  the  principal  reason  why  the  prose  Eneydes  is  infinitely 
less  interesting  for  the  history  of  literature  than  the  Old-French 
poem. 

The  influence  of  the  Roman  d'Eneas  on  later  Virgilian  literature 
has  not  been  so  great  as  might  be  expected.  M.  Parodi,  in  his 
interesting  studies  on  the  Italian  translations  and  versions  of  the 
Aeneld}  after  having  proved  that  only  one  translator  used  the  Roman 
d'Eneas,  has  given  a  very  probable  reason  for  it,  namely,  that  no 
translation  could  rival  in  popularity  the  Aeneid  itself,  and  that  there- 
fore, whosoever  occupied  himself  with  the  Aeneid  went  direct  to  the 
original. 

After  this  digression  I  return  to  the  question  T  placed  in  front  of 
my  little  essay.  I  call  the  attention  of  the  readers  of  Caxton  to  a 
version  of  the  history  of  Aeneas  that  has  been  pointed  out  by  IM.  Paul 
Meyer,  in  Vol.  xiv.  of  the  Romania,  p.  36,  &c.  This  version  forms 
a  part  of  a  Treatise  on  Ancient  History,^  very  popular  in  the  Middle 
Ages,  as  is  proved  by  the  great  number  of  its  manuscripts  that  M. 
Meyer  speaks  of.  This  version  offers  an  interesting  coincidence  with 
the  Eneydes. 

Tumus,  after  having  killed  Pallas,  takes  the  belt,  riclily  gilt, 
belonging  to  his  vanquished  enemy,  and  adorns  himself  with  it 
{Aen.  X,  495) : 

.   .  .  .  Et  laevo  pressit  pede  tnlia  fatus 
Exammem,  rapiens  immania  pondera  baltei 
Impressumque  nefas.   .  .  . 

In  the  Twelfth  Book  of  the  Aeneid,  (line  941)  Aeneas  has  van- 
quished Tumus;  he  takes  pity  on  him,  and  is  near  pardoning  and 

'  I  rifacimenti  et  le  traduzioni  Italiane  dell'  Eneidi  di  Virgilio,  prima  del 
Riuasciniento.     Studii  di  lilologia  rouiaiiza. 

-  It  is  a  history  of  the  World,  from  the  Creation  to  Rome,  but  deals  cliielly 
witli  the  history  of  Troy. 


xxvm  T[iE  nisroiRE  axcienne  and  the  eneydes. 

spariug  him ;  but  lie  sees  Pallas's  belt  on  tlie  shoulder  of  his  opposer  ; 
this  view  excites  his  rage,  and  he  kills  Tiirnus  : 

....  infelix  humero  quam  adparuit  alto 
Balteus,  et  notis  fulsorunt  cingula  bullis 
Pallantis  pueri. 

In  the  Hldoire  Ancienne,  instead  of  the  belt,  it  is  the  ring  of 
Pallas  which  Turnus  takes  from  him  ;  but,  in  the  last  episode,  it  is 
said  that  Eneas  sees  '  the  girdle  and  the  ring '  of  Pallas,  worn  by 
Turnus.  How  to  explain  this  contradiction  matters  little,  but  it  is 
remarkable  that  exactly  the  same  terms  are  found  in  the  Eneydes : 
on  the  occasion  of  Pallas's  fight  with  Turnus,  the  author  of  the 
Eneydes  mentions  the  'ring,'  p.  140  below,  line  16;  and  in  the 
episode  of  Aeneas's  fight  with  Turnus  he  speaks  of  '  the  girdle  and  the 
ring,'  p.  162  below,  1.  15. 

Unless  we  take  this  coincidence  to  be  fortuitous  (which  is  very 
unlikely),  it  can  only  be  explained  by  accepting  a  common  version 
from  which  both  the  Histoire  Ancienne  and  the  Eneydes  descend,  or 
which  both  knew.  Perhaps  though  the  author  of  the  Eneydes  took 
the  difference  above-named  from  the  Histoire  Ancienne  itself.  Trac- 
ing back  higher  still,  we  find  in  the  Roman  d' Eneas  the  belt  also 
changed  for  a  ring ;  only,  in  both  episodes,  the  poet  speaks  only  of 
a  ring,  and  omits  the  girdle  in  the  second.  So  we  can  say  that  the 
hypothetical  version  of  the  Aeueid  we  accepted  for  the  Histoire 
Ancienne  and  the  Eneydes  is  remotely  related  to  the  Roman  d' Eneas. 

As  to  the  Eneydes,  the  only  fact  we  can  assert  is  this  :  it  is 
possible  that  its  author  had  before  him  the  Latin  poem  itself,  but  he 
used  at  the  same  time  a  former  translation  or  version  of  Virgil's 
work.i 

Paris,  May  20th,  1SS9. 

^  I  do  not  find  in  the  Italian  translations,  or  in  the  Latin  or  Italian  versions 
of  the  Adicid  spoken  of  by  M.  Parodi,  one  sinjjle  particular  that  indicates  a 
relation  of  any  one  of  them  to  the  Eneydes. 


THE   ITALIAN   PROSE   VERSION    OF   1476. 

This  little  Italian  Quarto — a-m  in  8s,  n  in  6 — contains  the  Italian 
Translator's  Prologus  ^  giving  liis  reasons  for  setting  forth  the  book, 
then  a  short  sketch  (9i-  lines)  of  Eneas's  person,  &c.  'Qui  parla  la 
natione  ele  fatezze  de  Enea,'  and  naming  '  Yirgilio  /  il  cui  libro  scriuere 
intendo,'  followd  by  the  Prologue  of  the  Greek  Athanasius's  prose 
version  of  the  Aene.id,  which  (I  suppose)  the  Italian  says  he  wiU 
translate  : — 

Questo  e  il  prologo  dil  greco  athanagio  [a  3] 

[/^  Onciosiacossa  che  uirgilio,  homo  scientatissimo,  poeta  optimo  / 
\j  ]  di  natione  ma?ituano  di  sangue  /  ISTom  cossi  /  come  di  nobile 
uirtute  Inte?idesse  di  co?/?pilare  /  adornare  /  et  a  laude  de  octauiano 
Augusto,  secondo  imperadore  di  Eoma,  Ifepote  di  lulio  ciesare  /  E 
suo  figliuolo  adoptiuo  et  herede  :  Alcuno  libro  de  la  uita  militare  / 
Cioe  de  la  scienza  de  le  battaglie.  Pcro  che  de  la  due  altre  uitc  /  le 
q?<rtle  iuvono  anzi  che  lhu??iana  generatio?iee  ^  Tre  generationi  di  ge?ite 
furono  in  roma.  Troiaui  da  Enea.  Greci  da  euandro,  che  fue 
darchadia.  sabini  dale  donne  che  rapite  ronndo  ala  festo  e  per/cusio 
titio.  Constricta  per  cupidine  di  potentia  cmn  ferri  spandesse  sangue 
humano,  cio  f u  lagiorgica  e  la  buccolica  de  la  uita  pasturale  /'  e  de  la 
uita  agriculturale.  Aue  astricto.  scrisse  questo  libro  de  li  magnifichi 
facti  e  felicie  opere  de  Enea.  dal  qwalle  il  dicto  Octauiano  disciese. 
II  quale  libro  el  greco  Athanagio,  de  li  greci  doctore  maiore :  homo 
discrete  e  litterato,  cma  molta  fatica  recho  deuersi  in  prosa,  Lascian- 
donc  cierta  parte  senza  la  cpiale  li  parue  clie  (piesto  libro  stare  sulli- 
cientemente  potesse.  Et  lui  possia  ad  instantia  dicta  no/<  niolto 
leuemente  di  gra??imatica  in  lingua  uolgare  translatoo, 

^  On  a  2,  aftur  the  headiug  '.P.  Maroiiis  Virgilii   Liber  Eiieidos  fehciter 
Incipit.' 

2  Sign,  a  3  back. 


XXX  THE    ITALIAN    PROSE    VERSION    OF    1J70. 

Compendium  omnium  librorum  eneidos. 

r  rimus  habet  lybicam  /  ueniawt  ut  Troes  in  urbem. 
^  Edocet  excidium  Troiaj :  clademque  secundus. 
Tertius  a  Troia  uectos  cauit  equore  Teucros.  &c.  &c. 

Then  a  Compendium  of  the  1st  Book  on  a  4;  i  lines  of '  Principium 
quo  usus  est  Virgilius.  sed  decisum  fuit  a  Tuca.  et  Varro.'     Then 

[a  4  bk.]  Sequitur  verum  principium. 


A 


Ema  uirumque  cano  :  Troie  qui  primus  ab  oris 
Italiam  fato  profugus  [&c,  4  lines] 


Quiui  incomencia  Virgilio,  el  quale  narra  le  aspere  bataglie 
et  li  facti  de  Enea. 

[~ff~\  Elle  aspere  bataglie  /  lo  Virgilio  in  uersi  narro  /  ei  facti  di 
JL-7 \  quello  homo  il  quale  fugito  prima  ue?nie  de  le  co?itrade  di 
troia  fatatarae?zte  in  Italia  /  et  alidi  de  lauina,  Colui  fiie  [a  5]  molto 
gittato  per  terra  et  per  mare,  per  forza  de  li  dei,  pe?*la  co?icordeuole  ira 
de  la  crudele  luno.  E  molte  fatighe  in  bataglia  patie.  Infino  chelli 
edificoe  la  citade  /  e  portoe  li  dei  in  Italia.  Onde  disciese  il  sangue 
latino  /  e  li  padri  dalbana  /  e  lalta  roma.  0  scie?iza  recha  nela  mia 
memoria  la  cagione  quale  delta  fue  offesa.  e  per  che  la  regina  de  li  dei 
dole?idosi  chaccioe  Ihuomo  chiaro  per  pietade  auolgiere  tanie  fortune  / 
et  e?itrasse  in  tante  fatiehe.  oue  f uron  cota^te  ire  neli  cielestiali  animi. 


[Headings  of  the  Chapters.^ 

(I.  2)  Qui  nanica^do  perdi  enea  una  naue  per  aspera  fortuna. 
(I.  3)  Come  li  troiani  riuarono  nel  porto  di  libia.  [a  6] 

(I.  4)  Eisponso  che  diede  loue  a  Venus  di  facti  de  Enea.    [a  6,  bk] 
(I.  5)  Come  Venus  aparue  ad  Enea  nela  selua.  [a  7,  bk] 

(I.  6)  Come  Venus  narra  a  Enea  la  morte  de  Sicheo.  e  come  dido 

uene  a  carthagine.  [aS] 

(I.  7)  Come  uenus    co?idusse   Enea    a    cartagine    doueli    trouo 

icojjtpagni.  [a  s,  bU] 

•  The  initials  P  and  E  change  ]ilaces  in  the  originah 


THE    ITALIAN    PROSE    VERSION    OF    1476.  XXXi 

(I.  8)  Come  Ilioneo  parlo  a  Dido.  [b  2] 

(I.  9)   Come  Dido  receuete  itroiaiii.  [b  2,  bk] 

(I.  10)  Come  Enea  se  manifesto  a  Dido,  et  offerseli  rielii  doni.   [b  3] 
(1.   11)  Come  Dido  si  inamoro  de  Enea.  [b4] 

.P.  IMaronis  Yirgilii  Libri  Primus  Explicit.  [bs] 

Incipit  Libra  Secundus 

[XT'  Ynera  Dardonie  narrat :  fletusq?ie  secundo. 
Jo  ]     Co?<ticuere  omnes  :  tunc  sic  fortissimus  lieros  .... 

and  so  on  to  the  end,  tinisbing  with  this  last  Chapter  and  Colophon : 

[Jast  Chcqoter,  on  n  4] 

Come  Enea  fne  facto  signore,  e  fecie  alba,  e  la  sua  fine. 

[T71  Acte  queste  cosse,  rifermato  fue  Enea  signore  di  tutta  la  hered- 
J_  ]  itade  del  Ee  dapo  ala  sua  fine  per  lo  Ee  niedesimo.  Et  inlaur- 
enza  stette  Enea  asuo  uolere.  e  quando  [n  4  bk]  alui  piaqwe  di  partirsi 
quella  parte  del  regno  elesse  che  lui  uuole  per  lo  suo  habitare.  doue 
hedificoe  la  gra?ide  Alba,  citta  nobilissima.  !Xe  la  q?<«le  regno  niolti 
anni.  et  in  quelli  tempi  alia  sua  signoria  penienne  la  terra  tutta  di 
Latino  /  Hauendo  elo  finita  la  lu»ga  etade.  Si  che  tutta  Italia  ala 
sua  ubidie?^za  permaneua.  Poi  dapo  la  sua  magnanimita  essendo  11 
suo  excellentisshno  corpo  riceuuto  de  la  gran  madre  regno  Ascanio  / 
E  poi  regnorono  apresso  di  lui  li  gran  magnanimi  significati  ad  enea 
dal  suo  padre  Anchise  nel  deliso.  Che  come  a  lui  disse  cossi  uenero 
magnificenti  /  exaltando  piu  et  piu  la  infinita  /  et  gloriosa  fama  de  lo 
eternale  Imperio.  Et  in  questo  tempo  hedificata  fue  lalta  Eoma  / 
per  Eomolo  /  c  Eemulo,  suoi  suciessori.  Da  cui  dapo  molti  anni 
disciesc  il  nobile  lulio  Ciesaro. 

DEO   GEATIAS   AMEK 

[Then  follows  tlie  Colophon,  and  after  it  two  pages  of  '  I'ldjlii 
^Maronis  Virgilii  Epitaphia.'] 


XXXii  THE    ITALIAN    PROSE    VERSION    OF    147G. 

[Culophon  :  on  ii.  5] 

0  uoi  periti  /  ct  aiiclie  iioi  non  docti  /  die  Icgiereti  o  uer  ascoit- 
areti  la  nobile  opera  gia  in  uerso  componuda  pev  lo  famosissimo  Poeta 
laureato  .P.  Marone  Tirgilio  Mantuano,  ad  lionore  /  et  laude  de 
Octauiano  Augnsto  secundo  Imperatore  de  Eomani :  et  da  puoi  de 
uerso  in  lingua  uulgare  reducta  per  lo  litteratissimo  greco  Athanagio 
pe?-  consolatioue  de  Constantio  figluolo  de  Co?^stantino  Imperatore  / 
Veramente  senza  dubio  alcuno  remanereti  tutti  lieti  et  content! 
neli  animi  uostri  per  la  intelligentia  de  li  excellenti  et  mirabile  facti 
de  Enea  como  ne  la  presente  opera  si  coutiene  :  non  meno  quauto 
altra  uulgar  opera  se  potesse  pe?"  consoiatione  legiere  et  audire : 
La  qual  e  stata  impressa  ne  la  famosa  cittade  de  Vicencia.  per 
Hermanno  Leuilapide  da  Colonia  gra7«le  /  ne  lano  dil  Signore 
.M.CCCC.LXXVI.  adi  Marti  .xii.  Marcio. 

lam  presens  opus  hoc  mille  Athanasius  aniiis 
Eneadum  ceciuit :  lege  dulcia  carmina  lector. 

.P.  B.  C.  0. 


LUirgills  ^Eneitrs  translateti.'] 

[CAXTON'S   PROLOGUE.] 
*  After    dvuerse    werkes    made    /    translated    and  C*  C'"'t.  mus.  g 

"^  '  _        21.  (1.  24.  sign. 

achieued  /  hauyng  noo  werke  in  hande,  I,  sittyng  in  ^J] 
my  studye  where  as  laye  many  dyuerse  paunflettis  and 

4  bookys,    happened   that   to  my  hande   came   a   lytyl  caxton,  having 

booke  in  frenshe,  whiche  late  was  translated  oute  oi  Fiencii  version 

,.,,,.      of  the  '  Aeneid,' 

latyn  by  some  noble  clerke  of  frau/ice,  whiche  booke  is 
named  Eneydos  /  made  in  latyn  by  that  noble  poete 
8  &  grete  clerke  vyrgyle  /  whiche  booke  I  sawe  ouer 
and  redde  therin,  How,  after  the  general  destriiccyon 
of  the  grete  Troye,  Eneas  departed,  beryiige  his  olde  telling  Aencns's 

escajie  from  Troy 

fader  anchises  vpon  his  sholdres  /  his  lityl  son  yolus  on 

12  his  honde,  his  wyfe  wyth  moche  other  people  folow- 
ynge  /  and  how  he  shypped  and  departed,  wyth  aHe 
thystorye  of  his  aduentures  that  he  had  er  he  cam  to 
the  achieuement  of  his  conquest  of  ytalye,  as  aH  a  longe  and  ins  conquest 

16  shaH;  be  shewed  in  this  present  boke.  In  whiche  booke 
I  had  grete  playsyr,  by  cause  of  the  fayr  and  honest 
termes  &  wordes  in  frenshe  /  whyche  I  neuer  sawe 
to-fore  lyke,  ne  none  so  playsaunt  ne  so  wel  ordred ;  was  so  pleased 

20  whiche  booke,  as  me  semed,  sholde  be  moche  requysyte 
to  noble  men  to  see,  as  wel  for  the  elo(|uence  as  the 
historyes  /  How  wel  that  many  honderd  yerys  passed 
was  the  sayd  booke  of  eneydos,  wyth  other  werkes, 

24  made  and  lerned  dayly  in  scolis,  specyally  in  ytalye  & 

other  places  /  whiche  historye  the  sayd  vyrgyle  made 

in  metre  /  And  whan  I  had  aduysed  me  in  this  sayd  tint  he  res  ivd 

boke,  I  delybered  and  concluded  to  translate  it  in-to  inUBugiish. 

^  This  heading  is  in  an  18th  century  hand. 
ENEYDOS.  B 


CHANGE  OF  ENGLISH.   CAXTON  S  EGGS  AND  EYREN  ANECDOTE. 


Cnxton  blamed 
for  his  over- 
curious  terms. 


[*sign.  A  j,  back] 


Tlie  Abbot  of 
WestiHinster 
askt  Caxtnn  to 
turn  Old  English 
into  Morleni, 


but  he  couWn't. 


Englishmen  ar« 
always  changing. 


One  shire's 

speech  di tiers 
form  another. 


Mr.  Sheffield 
askt  for  Eggs  at 
the  Forelanil, 


but  couldn't  get 
'em  till  they  were 
called  Eyreu. 


cnglysslie,  And  forthwytli  toke  a  penne  &  ynke,  and 
wrote  a  leef  or  tweyne  /  Avhyche  I  ouorsawe  agayn  to 
corecte  it   /  And  wliaM   I   sawe   the  fayr  &  straunge 
termes  tlierin  /  I   doubted  that  it  sholde  not  please  4 
some  geiityhnen  wliiche  late  blamed  me,  sayeng  that 
in  my  translacyons  I  had  ouer  cnryous  termes  whiche 
coude  not  be  vnderstande  of  comyn  peple  /  and  desired 
me  to  vse  olde  and  homely  termes  in  my  translacyons.  8 
and  *fayn  wolde  I  satysfye  euery  man  /  and  so  to  doo, 
toke  an  olde  boke  and  redde  therin  /  and  certajmly  the 
englysshe  was  so  rude  and  brood  that  I  coude  not  Avele 
vnderstande  it.     And   also  my  lorde  abbot   of  west-  12 
mynster  ded  do  shewe  to  me   late,  certayn  enydences 
wry  ton  in  olde  englysshe,  for  to  reduce  it  in-to  our 
englysshe  now  vsid  /  And  certaynly  it  was  wreton  in 
suche   wyse   that   it   was  more  lyke   to  dutche  than  16 
englysshe;    I  coude  not  reduce   ne   brynge  it   to  be 
vnderstonden  /  And  certaynly  our  langage  now  vsed 
varyeth  ferre  from  that  wliiche  was  vsed  and  spoken 
whan  I  was  borne  /  For  we  englysshe  men  /  ben  borne  20 
vnder  the  domynacyon  of  the  mone,  whiche  is  neuer 
stedfaste  /  but  euer  wauerynge  /  wexynge  one  season  / 
and  waneth  &  dyscreaseth  another  season  /  And  that 
comyn  englysshe  that  is  spoken  in  one  shyre  varyeth  24 
from  a  nother.     In  so  moche  that  in  my  dayes  hap- 
pened that  certayn  marchau?/tes  were  in  a  ship/?e  in 
tamyse,  for  to  haue  sayled  ouer  the  see  into  zelande  / 
and  for  lacke  of  Avynde,  thei  taryed  atte  forlond,  and  28 
wente  to  lande  for  to  refreshe  them;  And  one  of  theym 
named  sheffelde,  a  mercer,  cam  in-to  an  hows  and  axed 
for  mete  ;  and  specyally  he  axyd  after  eggys ;  And  the 
goode  wyf  answerde,  that  she  coude  speke  no  frenshe.  32 
And  the  marchau^t  was  angry,  for  he  also  coude  speke 
no    frenshe,  but   wolde  haue  hadde  egges  /  and   she 
vnderstode  hym  not  /  And  thenne  at  laste  a  nother 
sayd  that  he  wolde  haue  eyren  /  then  the  good  wyf  36 


CAXTON  S    ENGLISH    IS    NOT    OVEUIIUDE    OR    OVEK-CURIOUS.  6 

sayd  that  she  vnderstod  hyiii  Avel  /  Loo,  what  sholde 
a  man  in   thyse   dayes   now   wryte,  cgges  or  cyron  / 
certaynly  it  is  harde  to  playse  euery  man  /  by  cause  of 
4  dyuersite  &  chaunge  of  langage.     For  in  these  dayes  ah  men  of 

,       .  .       ,  .  consei'iuence  use 

euery  man  that  is  in  ony  reputacyon  m  his  countre,  wnnis  timt  few 

otliers  ran 

wytt  vtter  his  co??miynycacyon  and   maters  m  suchc  understand. 
maners  &  termes  /  that  fewe  men  shaH  vnderstonde 
8  theym  /  And  som  ho^nest  and  grete  clerkes  haue  ben      [*sign.  a  ij] 
wyth  me,  and  desired  me  to  wryte  the  moste  curyous 
termes  that  1  coude  fynde  /  And  thus  bytwene  playn 
rude  /  &  curyous,  I  stande  abasshed.  but  in  my  ludge- 

12  mente  /  the  comyn  termes  that  be  dayli  vsed,  ben 
lyghter  to  be  vnderstonde  than  the  olde  and  au?^cyent 
cnglysshe  /And  for  as  raoche  as  this  present  booke  is 
not  for  a  rude  vplondyssh  man  to  laboure  therin  /  ne 

16  rede  it  /  but  onely  for  a  clcrke  &  a  noble  gentylman 

that  feleth  and  vnderstondeth  in  faytes   of  armes,  in   Caxton  endea- 
vours to  use 
louo,   &   in    noble    chyualrye    /   Thcrfor   in   a    meane   moderate  and 

'  J  J       I  readable  terms. 

bytwene  bothe,  I  haue  reduced  &  translated  this  sayd 
20  booke  in  to  our  englysshe,  not  ouer  rude  ne  curyous, 
but  in  suche  termes  as  shaH  be  vnderstanden,  by  goddys 
grace,  accordynge  to  my  copye.  And  yf  ony  man  wyll 
enter-mete  in  redyng  of  hit,  and  fyndeth  suche  termes 
24  that  he  can  not  vnderstande,  late  hym  goo  rede  and 
lerne  vyrgyH  /  or  the  pystles  of  ouyde  /  and  ther  ho 
shaH  see  and  vnderstonde  lyghtly  aH  /  Yf  he  haue  a 
good  redar  &  enformer  /  For  this  booke   is  not  for   Tiiis  bonk  is  only 

^  for  clerks  and 

28  euery  rude  and  ^  vnconnynge  man  to  see  /  but  to  clerkys  gentlemen, 
and  very  gentylmen  that  vnderstande  gentylnes  and 
scyence  IF  Thenne  I  praye  alle  theym  that  shali  rede 
in  this  lytyl  treatys,  to  holde  me  for  excused    for  the 

32  translatynge  of  hit.  For  I  knowleche  my  selfe  ignorant 
of  connynge  to  enpryse  on  me  so  hie  and  noble  a 
werke  /  But  I  praye  mayster  lohn  Skelton,  late  created  J<>im  Skeiton 

I  i-      •'  •'  l)oot  laureate. 

poete  laureate  in  the  vnyuersite  of  oxenfoide,  to  ouersee 

^  on'ij.  diia 

13  2 


SKELTON  b    TRANSLATIONS.        DEDICATION    TO    PRINCE    ARTHUR. 


[*  A  ij,  back] 


Skelton's  learii- 


caxtoii  jirnys        and    coiTccte    this   sayd    booke,    And   taddresse   and 

Ski'ltoii  to 

conoct  iiis  trans-   ex})0\vno  wlioi'e  as  shane  be  loimde   faulte  to  theym 

latiou. 

that  sliaH  requyre  it.    For  hyni,  I  knowe  for  suffycyent 
to  cxpowne  and   englysshe    euery  dyifyculte   that   is  4 
theriu  /  For  he  hatli  late  translated  the  epystlys  of 
TuHe  /  and  the  boke  of  dyodorus  syculus,i  and  diuerse 
other  werkes  oute  of  latyn  in-to  englysshe,  not  in  rude 
*and  olde  langage,  but  in  polysshed  and  ornate  termes  8 
craftely,  as  he  that  hath  redde  vyrgyle  /  ouyde,  tullye, 
and  all  the  other  noble  poetes  and  oratours  /  to  me 
vnkuowen  :  And  also  he  hath  redde  the  ix.  muses,  and 
vnderstande  theyr  musicalle  scyences,  and  to  whom  of  12 
theym  eche  scyence  is  appropred.     I  suppose  he  hath 
dronken  of  Elycons  weH:.     Then  I  praye  hym,  &  suche 
other,  to  correcte,  adde  or  mynysshe  where  as  he  or 
they  shall  fynde  faulte  /  For  I  haue  but  folowed  my  16 
copye  in  frenshe  as  nygh  as  me  is  possyble  /  And  yf 
ony  worde  be  sayd  therin  weH  /  I  am  glad ;  and  yf 
otherwyse,  I  submytte  my  sayd  boke  to  theyr  correc- 
tyon  /  Whiche  boke  I  presente  vnto  the  hye  born  my  20 
tocomynge  natureH  &  souerayn  lord,  Arthur,  by  the 
grace  of  god,  Prynce  of  "Walys,  Due  of  CornewayH,  & 
Erie  of  Chester,  fyrst  bygoten  sone  and  heyer  vnto  our 
most  dradde  naturaH  &  souerayn  lorde,  &  most  crysten  24 
kynge  /  Henry  the  vij.  by  the  grace  of  god,  kynge  of 
Englonde  and  of  Fraunce,  &  lord  of  Irelonde  /  bysech- 
ing  his  noble  grace  to  receyue  it  in  thanke  of  me,  his 
moste  humble  subget  &  seruau?it  /  And  I  shall  praye  28 
vnto  almyghty  god  for  his  prosperous  encreasyng  in 
vertue  /  wysedom  /  and  humanyte,  that  he  may  be  egal 
wyth  the  most  reno?«med  of  aite  his  noble  progeny- 
tours  U  And  so  to  lyue  in  this  present  lyf  /  that  after  32 
this   transitorye  lyfe  he  and   we   atte    may    come    to 
euerlastynge  lyf  in  heucn  /  Amen  : 

1  The  MS.  of  this  translation  is  in  the  library  of  Corpus  Christi  College, 
Cainbridfro.  It  lias  long  been  copied  for  the  Early  English  Te.xt  Societj',  but 
still  needs  an  Editor. — F. 


Caxton's 
Dedication  to 
Prince  Aitliur. 


[TABLE   OF   CONTENTS.] 

*%  Here  folovveth  the  table  of  this  present      [»icafA3j 
boke 

How  the  rychc  kynge  Pryamus  edifyed  the  grete  cyte 
of  troye.  capiY«/o  primo  [j).  10] 

How  the  cyte  was  crueHy  sette  a  fyre  &  fla??inie  / 
And  how  Eneas,  armed,  bare  his  fader  oute  of  tlie 
same  cyte.  cap".  ij  [p.  14] 

How  Eneas  sacryfyced  to  his  goddys  in  the  place  where 
Polydorus  had  be  slayn.  cap".  iij",  [p.  17] 

How  Eneas,  in  makynge  the  forsayd  sacryfyce,  hewe  y" 
tro??ke  of  a  tree,  oute  of  the  whiche  yssued  bloode. 
And  how  polydorus  declared  the  sygnyfycacyon  of 
the  sayd  myracle,  and  the  wyHe  of  the  goddys, 
capitulo  iiij".  [p.  17] 

Thobsequyes  of  Polydorus.  cap",  v".  [p.  21] 

Here  begynneth  the  historye  how  dydo  departed  from 
her  country,  cap",  vj".  [p.  22] 

How  dydo  arryued  ^  in  Lybye,  a  strange  contrey,  & 
bought  as  moche  lande  or  grou?tde  as  slie  myght 
co?<teyne  wyth  y"  space  of  an  hide  of  an  oxe  / 
in  whiche  she  buylded  and  edefyed  the  cyte  of 
Cartage  /  ca".  vij",  [j>.  30] 

How  a  kynge,  neyghbour  to  Cartage,  dyd  demau?«le  to 
wif  the  fayr  dydo  /  queue  of  Cartage,  y^  whiche,  for 
the  loue  of  hev  late  husbonde,  had  leuer  to  slee  her 
selfe  than  to  take  the  sayd  kynge.  cap",  viij".  [^j.  33] 

A  comenilacyon  to  dydo.  cap".  ix".  [p.  36] 

How  luno,  for  tempesshe  thoost  of  eneas  whiche  wold 
goo  into  ytalye,  prayd  y"  goddcs  of  wyndis  /  that 
'  oriij.  anyiiril 


6  TIIK    TABLE    OF    THIS    PRESENT    BOKE. 

euevycii    bi    him   selfe   sholde    make   cowcussyon   & 
torment  in  thayer.  ca.  x.  [p.  39] 

How  dydo  cou?«seHed    wytli   her  suster  Anne,     cap" 

xj".  [jx  41] 

Thansners  of  anne  to  hir  suster  dydo.  ca.     xij".  [p.  43] 

How  Eneas,  after  grete  fortunes  of  the  see,  arryued 
in  cartage.  And  how  dydo,  for  his  swete  be- 
hauoir  &  fayr  spekyng,  was  esprysed  of  his  loue. 
capytulo  xiij  [pi.  46] 

[•leaf  A3,  back]   *  How  the  goddes  accorded  the  maryage  of  Eneas  to 
dydo.  capitulo  xiiij  [p.  49] 

Of  the  gret  tempest  &  storme  at  maryage  of  theym. 
ca.  xv".  [j}.  52] 

How  yarbas  complayned  hym  to  lubyter,  of  Eneas,  that 
edyfied  the  cyte  of  Cartage  /  And  how  lubyter  sent 
sodaynly  Mercuryus  toward  Eneas,  for  to  make  hym 
to  retorne  in-to  the  contree  of  ytalye.  cap",  xvj  [p.  60] 

How  dydo,  knowynge  the  departyng  of  Eneas,  ranne 
thorugh  the  cyte  of  Cartage,  as  a  woman  dysperate 
and  from  her  selfe.  capitulo  [x]vij".  [p.  65] 

How  dydo  sorowfully  bewayled  the  departyng  of 
Eneas,  bi  swete  &  amyable  "wordes.  ca.    xviij  [jx  66] 

How  dydo,  aH  in  a  rage,  complayned  her  to  Eneas  and 
to  the  goddys.  ca.  xix°.  [p).  69] 

How  dido,  wyth  grete  cursynges,  gaaf  leue  to  Eneas, 
capytulo  xx°.  [2^.  72] 

How  dydo  fyl  doun  in  a  swone  /  and  how  she  was 
borne  awaye  by  her  wymen  /  and  also  how  dyligently 
the  nauye  of  Eneas  was  made  redy  for  to  goo  in 
to  ytalye.  ca.  xxj  [j?.  73] 

How  Eneas  brake  the  ooken  tree  of  the  grete  loue  of 
dydo.  capytulo  xxij°.  [p.  77] 

Of   the   wordes    of    dydo    to    her    suster    Anne.     ca. 

xxiij°.  [p.  84] 

How  dydo,  in  grete  bewaylynges,  prayd  her  suster  to 
make  a  grete   fyre  in  a  place  most  secrete  in  her 


THE  TABLE  OF  THIS  PRESENT  BOKE. 

palays,  for  to  brenn  y*  harnoys  and  raymentcs  of 
eneas  /  and  how  by  dyuerse  sortes  she  supposed  to 
haue  destroyed  hym,  ca.  xxiiij  [j).  86] 

How   dydo    made    her   lamentacyons    repreuyng    the 
periurement  of  laomedon.  ca  /  xxv  [p.  90] 

of   y*  vysion  that  eneas   had   for   to   depart   towarde 
ytalye.  capitulo.  xxvj  [^j.  92] 

How  Eneas  encyted  the  patrons  &  niaystres  of  his 
shyppes  /  for  to  departe.  cap".  xxvij".  \_p.  95] 

*How  dydo,  fuH  of  grete  rage,  &  dyspourneyd  of  [-leaf  a  4] 
wytte,  slewe  hh'selfe  wyth  the  swerdc  of  Eneas  / 
&  how  bo  it  thai  to-fore  is  made  me?«cyon  of  this 
occysion,  It  was  no  tliynge  but  for  to  sliewe  the 
dyuercyte  of  fortune  /  And  here  thexecusion  of  tlie 
dede  is  shewed,  capitulo  xxviij  [^.  105] 

Of  the  beaute  of  dydo.  capitulo  xxix  [jx  111] 

How  Eneas  sayled  /  and  how  by  tempest  he  aryued  in 
Secyle.  capitulo  /  xxx°.  [p.  114] 

How  eneas  toke  y*^  see  for  to  seke  y*^  rcgyon  of  ytalye. 
ca.  xxx[j]  [p.  115] 

How  kynge  Egeus  lete  falle  hym  selfe  in-to  the  see  for 
the  dcth  of  his  sone  Theseus.  cap°.       xxxij  [^a  119] 

How  Eneas  arryued  in  ytalye  /  ca.  xxxiij  \_p.  120] 

Here   it   is   shcAved   how   many   kynges   had    ben    in 
ytalye,  to-fore  that  Eneas  came  thyder  fyrste.     ca°. 

xxxiiij  [2>.  121] 

How  Eneas    byganne    to    bylde    his    fortresse   vpon 
the  ryuer^  of  tony  re.  capitulo  xxxv  [^p.  122] 

How  Eneas  sente  his  messagers  towarde  kynge  latyne. 
capitulo  xxxvj  [p.  123] 

How  kyng  latynus  made  grete  loye  and  good  chere  to 
the  messagers  of  Eneas,  capitulo         xxxvij  \_p.  125] 

how  kyng  latyn  sent  ccrtayn  prescntis  to  eneas,     ca. 

xxxviij  [p.  12G] 

^  oruj.  tliyre-uer 


a  THE    TAliLE    OF    THIS    PRESENT    BOKE. 

IIow  Turnus  sente  for  his  folke,  for  to  cliace  and  ciryue 

Eneas  oute  of  his  lande.  cap"  xxxix".  [jh  129] 

How    Eneas    wente    to    soke    socours    of    the    kj'nge 

Euander  /  cap".  xV.  [j}.  130] 

How  grete  a  sorowe  was  made  whan  Eneas  and  Palas 

de^jarted  from  palence.  cap".  xlj".  [^>.  131] 

How  Turnus  com  tofore  the  casteH  of  Eneas  for  to 

assaults  hym  /  cap".  xlij".  [jh  132] 

How  Vysus  and   Eryalus  made  theyni  redy  to  entre 

vpon  the  hoost  of  Turnus  /  cap".  xliij".  [jk  133] 

How    Yysus   and    Eryalus  entred  into    the  tentis   of 

[»ieaf  A4,  back]        Tui*nus  liooste,  and  made  grete  slaiighter  and  de- 

stniccyon  :  capitulo  xliiij".  [p.  134] 

How  the  two  felawes  loste  eche  other  in  the  forest  / 

whan    tlie    knyghtes    of  laurence    chased    theym/ 

cap".  xlv".  [2J.  135] 

How  holcus  slewe  Eiyahis  /  &  how  Vysus  his  felaw 

slewe  bolcus.     Of  the  deth  of  the  sayd  Visus  /  And 

how  the  hedes  of  the  sayd  tAvo  felawys,  Eryalus  and 

Vysus,  were  broughte  vpon  two  speres  a-fore  the 

fortresse  of  Eneas  :  capitulo.  xlvj".  [p.  136] 

How  thassaulte  was  grete  atte  gate  of  the  casteh     ca". 

xlvij".  [p.  138] 
How  Eneas  cam  ayen  from  palence  wyth  moche  folke 

for  to  socoure  his  sone  &  his  peple  ayenst  Turnus. 

ca.  xlviij  [2^.  139] 

How  Eneas  fought  Turnus  aHe  aboute  the  batayHe,  for 

to  slee  hym  for  the  deth  of  palas.  cap",  xlix".  [p.  140] 
How  Eneas  smote  Merencyus  wyth  his  spere  in  his  thie 

a  grete  strooke.  cap".  L".  [jy.  142] 

How  Merencyus  made  grete  sorowe  whan  he  sawe  his 

sone  deed.  cap".  Ij".  [ji.  143] 

How  Eneas  sente  the  body  of  Palas  in-to  the  shippe, 

and  sente  it  to  his  fader,  cap".  ]ij°.  [^y.  145] 

Of  the  messagers  that  Turnus  had  sent  to  diomedes. 

ca.  liij  [p.  146] 


THE  TABLE  OF  THIS  PRESENT  SOKE.  S 

How  kyng  latyn  coiuiseHed  for  to  make  peas  Avyth 

Eneas,  cap".  liiij  [jJ-  148] 

How   Eneas   cam   to-fore    the   cyte   of    laurence.     ca 

Iv".  [p.  150] 
HoAv   the   quene    Camula   was   slayn   in  y"  bataylle. 

ca.  Ivj  [p.  152] 

How  Turnzis  cam  to  y*'  felde,  &  his  folke  wyth  hym. 

ca.  Ivij".  [jx  153] 

How  the  Couenaunt  of  the  batayH  was  matle  bytwene 

Eneas  &  Turnus.  cap".  Iviij".  [p.  155] 

How  Tholomeus  made  the  batayHe  to  bygynne  ayen, 

grete  &  horryble.  cap°.  lix".  [p.  157] 

How  Turnus  dyd  grete  damage   to  eneas   folke.     ca. 

Ix".  [j).  158] 
*  How  the  quene  Amatha  hanged  her  selfe  by  despera-      [»sign.  a  iij.] 

cion.  capitulo  Ixj".  [^.  160] 

How  Eneas  and  Turnus  fought,  body  ayenste  body,  in  a 

felde,  one  ayenste  that  other,  capitulo  Ixij".  [p.  161] 
How  Eneas  wedded  Lauyne  /  And  hadde  the  royahne 

of  ytalye.  capitulo  Ixiij",  [p.  162] 

How   kynge   Latyne   deceassed    /   And    Eneas   soone 

after  hym  /  And  how  Ascanius  was  caHyd  lulyus: 

capitulo  Ixiiij".  [jx  163] 

How  Ascaunis  helde  the  royalme  of  ytalye  after  the 

deth  of  Eneas  his  fader,  capitulo  lxv°.  [j}.  164] 

Explicit 


10  FRENCH  translator's  PROLOGUE.   FOUNDATION  OF  TROY.   [CH.  L 


[FRENCH   TRANSLATOR'S   PROLOGUE.] 


T 


[*sign.  Bj]      *^  I  '^0  the  honour  of  god  almyghty  /  and  to  the 

glory ous  vyrgyne  Marye,  nioder  of  aHe  grace  / 

and    to    the    vtylyte   &  prouffyt  of   all  the 

policye  mondayne,  this  present  booke,  com-  4 

pyled  by  virgyle,  ryght  subtyl  and  Ingenyous  oratour 

&  poete  /  Intytuled  Eneydos,  hath  be  translated  oute 

Prologue  of  of   latyn   in-to  comyn  langage  /  In  whiche  may  aHe 

the  Freucli  ^00/  j 

Translator.  valyaunt  prynces  and  other  nobles  see  many  valorous  8 

fayttes  of  amies.  And  also  this  present  boke  is  neces- 
sarye  to  aHe  cytezens  &  habytaunts  in  townes  and 
casteHis  /  for  they  shal  see,  How  somtyme  troye  the 
graunte  /  and  many  other  places  stronge  and  inex-  12 
pugnable,^  haue  ben  be-sieged  sharpely  &  assayled, 
And  also  coragyously  and  valyauwtly  defended  /  and 
the  sayd  boke  is  atte  this  present  tyme  moche  neces- 
sarye  /  for  to  enstructe  smale  and  grete,  for  euerych  16 
in  his  ryght  /  to  kepe  &  defende  /  For  a  thynge  more 
noble  is  to  dye  /  than  vyianously  to  be  subdued  / 

%  How  the  ryght  pnyssant  kynge  pryamus 
edyfyed  the  grete  cyte  of  Troye  20 

Qsi^ituhim  primuw^. 

[Or  to  here  /  opene  /  and  declare  the  matere  of 

"vvhiche  here-after  shaH-be  made  mencyon  /  It 

dt'^'of  AsilT*^^*'     ~^        behoueth  to  presuppose  that  Troye,  the  grete  24 

capytaH  cyte  /  and  thexceHentest  of  aHe  the  cytees  of 

the  cou?itre  &    regyon  of    Asj'e,  was  constructe  and 

^  oriij.  iiicx])iipnable 


F 


en.  I.]    TRIAM    KING    OF    TROY.       TROY    BESIEGED    BY    THE    GREEKS.       "11 

edcfyed    by    the    ryght    puyssau«t   &  renomed  kyng         cap.  i. 

-r,  PI  T  1  1     1       c      1  Descent  of  Priam 

rryamus,  sone  of  laomedon,  descended  oi  thfiu??cyen  from  Jupiter, 
stocke  of  Dardanns  ^  by  many  degrees  /  whiche  Avas   Troy,  the  chief 
4  sone  of  lubyter  &  of  Electra  his  wyf,  after  the  fyctions  -   founded  by' 

Priam,  aud 

poetyque  /  And  the  fyrste  orygynaH  begynnynge   of 

the  genealogye  of  kynges.     And  the  sayd  Troye  was  besieged  by  the 

Greeks  under 

enuyronned  ^  in  fourme  of  siege  /  and  of  excidyon,  by  Agamemnon. 
8  Agamenon,  kynge  in  grece,  brother  of  menelaus  /  wliiche 
was  husbonde  to  helayne.  *The  whiche  agamenon,  ['Bj,  back] 
assembled  and  accompanyed  wyth  many  kynges,  dukes  / 
erles  /  and  grete  qua?ityte  of  other  princes  &  grekes 
12  innumerable,  hadde  the  magystracyon  and  vnyuersaH 
gouernaunce  of  aHe  thexcersite  and  boost  to-fore 
Troye  : 

DVryng  the  sayd  siego  /  Pryame  liabounded   in 
lygnage  of  one  &  other  sexe  so  reno??jmed  of 
beaulte,  wysedome,  and  prudo/nmye  /  scyence, 
prowesse,  valyau?ice,  prophecye  /  and  other  vertuous  Priam's  large 

'11  11  family. 

proprytees  /   that  aHe  the  woiide   coude  not  ynough 

20  meruayWe  /  How  god  and  fortune  hadde  emprysed  to 
endowe  a  mortal  man  Avyth  dowayres  so  hye  &  ver- 
tuous /  But  the  prudence  of  pryame,  knowyng  to-fore  / 
that  the   aduenements    and   aduersitees    of  Avarre   be 

24  doubtous,  and  vnder  the  honde  of  fortune  /  the  Avhichc, 
after  his  mutabylite,  gyueth  vyctorye  /  To  that  one 
encreacynge  honour,  glorye  /  tryumphe  /  and  gladnesse  / 
And  to  that  other  she  gyueth  to  be  subgette  to  the 

28  face  of  the  ryght  blody  swerde,  in  grete  effusion  of 
blood  &  dymunycion  of  prowesse  and  of  theyr  gene- 
alogye the  mutable  captyuyte  of  theyr  prosperyte  & 
aduersite  or  euyl  fortune  : 

32    I  \  Eyrame  thennc  wyH  teshewc  &  lielpc  for  thynges  Priam's 

,      ,  .  lirudence. 

doubtous  lor  to  come,  to   that  ende  that  liis 


? 


Royalmc  shall  not  departe  oute  of  his  honde 
ne  fro  his  blood  /  Yf  it  so  happened  that  he  and  his 
^  ?  for  Dardanus        -  orig.  fyctions        ^  orifj.  cmiyrouucd 


p 


1  2      POLYDORE  GOES  TO  TOLYMESTOR,  &  IS  MURDERED  BY  IIIM.        [cil.  T. 

CAr.  I.  cliyldren  were  ouerthrowen   fro  his  name  liy  force  of 

Poiytioie  soiit  swerde  or  of  the  siege,  Firsts  he  dyd  do  departe  one 

"siege!        °  of  his  soncs  named  polydorus,  the  xiiij  sone,  &  fyrste 

Departure  of  of  his  name,  In  hopynge  that  to  hym  /  his  name  &  4 

Polydore. 

vengeance,  yf  it  were  nede,  sholde  be  kept. 

|olidoriis  thenwe  was  sente  wyth  a  grete  multytude 

of  noble  companye,  fuH  of  yougthe  &  of  strouge 

corage,  wyth  rychesse  ynough  of  golde  and  of  syluer  /  8 

[•sign.  Bij]      money  /  tresour  *and    lewellis  /  vnto  a  kynge  named 

lie  goes  to  King    plasmator,  kynge  of  tarce  /  whiche,  enduryng  the  good 

Tarce.  fortune,  shewed   hym   right   socourable   to   the   sayd 

kynge  pryame  /  In  offerynge  hym  selfe  to  socoure  hym  12 
yf  he  had  nede  in  aHe  poyntes,  in  whiche  the  sayd 
pryame  wolde  require  hym.  But  the  prosperous 
fortune  of  the  kynge  pryam  torned  in-to  aduerse.  The 
said  plasmator  chauwgyng  his  wyHe  /  and  aHe  thamyte  16 
whiche  longe  tyme  hadde  endured,  «fe  promysed  to 
holde  to  the  sayd  kynge  Pryame,  as  ye  shaH  here  after. 

NOw  thenne  plasmator  receyued  Polidorus  so  mag- 
nyfycatly,  &  wyth  soo  grete  honoure,  that  by  20 
wrytyng   it   maye   not    be    recyted,   ne    the    thynge 
descryued  /  And  after  whan  Pryam  was  subdued,  and 
Onthe  decline  of  putte  vndcr  the  sharpe  domynacyon  of  the  grekes,  In 

the  atl'airs  of  i         i  i  i      i     i  i  n  j 

Troy,  Plasmator    souioclie  that  they  had  slayne  then??e  some  ot  the  sones  24 

iiiurciers  Poly- 
dore, and  buries   of  the  sayd  prvame,  and  many  kynges  to  hvm  alvcd  / 

him  in  the  sand  J        t    J  '  J       J     a  J  J         I 

by  the  seashore.  And  that  mto  the  cyte  many  were  wyth-drawen  for  to 
gyue  to  the  sayd  pryam  ayde  &  comforte,  and  the  saj'd 
troians  myserable  semed  better  to  lose,  and  indyge?<t  28 
of  force,  than  to  haue  apparence  of  vyctoryus  glorye. 
And  thys  comen  to  the  knowleche  of  plasmator, 
thoughte  in  his  mynde,  and  conspyred  the  deth  of  the 
sayd  polydorus  /  And  in  fayte,  the  said  plasmator  32 
broughte  the  sayd  polydorus  vpou  the  Eyuage  of  the 
see,  which  was  sondy  /  and  a  place  secrete  ynough  fro 
the  syghte  of  men  /  in  whiche  place  the  sayd  plasmator 
slewe  polydorus  wyth  a  dartc  whiche  he  bare.     The  3(j 


en.   I.]  THE    DESTRUCTION    OF    TROT.  13 

whiche,  so  traytoursly  slayn,  was  by  the  sayd  plasmator         ^'^^-  '• 
biirved  in  the  same  place  wythin  the  sonde.     51  Vpon  riasmator  takes 

•^  I  J  1  Polydore's  gold. 

■whom  Avas  so  moche  sonde  layde  /   that  vpon   poly- 

4  dorus   semed  to  be  a    iityl   hiHe  or    montycle  /  And 

aHe  this  was  doon  by  the  sayd  plasmator,  to  thende 

that  his  rychesse,  whiche  was  brought  to  hym  for  the 

gouernauwce  of  y^  said  polydorus  /  sholde  *abyde  wyth     [*i3ij,  back] 

8  hym  for  to  accomplyshe  his  auaryce  Insacyable.     And 

syth   he   sawe   that  the   force  and   strengthe   of  the 

troyians  was  thenne  soo  perturbed  by  the  pryckynge 

of  fortune,  that  it  semed  to  hym  /  that  for  the  cause  of 

1 2  this  excessyue  occysion  /  Iityl  damage  and  hurte  myght 

come  to  hym  : 

But    thenne,   whan    the   noble    cyte    of   Asye   was 
broyHed  and  brente  by  the  subtyl  accyon  of  the 
16  fyTe  putte  in-to  it  by  the  grekes,  In  so  grete  largenesse,   Tmy  hunitiiy 

the  Greeks. 

that  for  the  thicke  tenebrosite  of  the  blacke  smoke 
whych  the  place  hadde  enbraced  and  yssued  oute,  The 
sterres    of   the  heuen   hadde  wythholden  theyr  clere 

20  illustracyons,  And  had  no  faculte  ne  power  by  theyr 
naturel  lyghte  to  enlumyne  the  sayd  place  /  And 
that  none  eye  of  ony  persone  coude  perceyue  ony 
thyng  /  but  aHe  onely  by  the  domageo»s  clereness 

24  of  the  fyre  deuourynge  the  pompe  of  Troye.  H  !Xow 
was  that  pyetous  cyte  /  somtyme  example  in  aHe 
goode  vertues  aboue  aHe  other  cytees  of  the  worlde, 
aHe  brent,  and  putte  in  desolacyon  suffretous  /  Abydyng 

28  onely  one  of  the  yates  of  the  same  town,  named  in  theyr  Onn  gate  aione 

remains  un- 

langage  the  yate  stex,  whiche  was  made  soe  maysterly  /  destroyetL 
that  the  Ingenyous  subtylte  of  maistres  of  masonrye 
carpentrye  /  that  of  all  y"  countreye  of  Asie  it  passed 
32  aHe  other  in  efforte  and  strengthe  IF  It  was  made  of 
soo  hye  and  exceHentc  ouurage  : 


B 


14  ESCAPE  FROM  BURNING  TROY  OF  AENEAS,  HIS  FATHER,  IIIS  SON,  [ciI.  II. 

CAF.  II.  If  How  the  cyte  Wcas  crueHy  sette  a  fyre, 
and  on  a  flamm  ;  And  how  Eneas,  armed, 
bare  his  fader  oute  of  the  same  cyte. 

^1  capituho.  ij°.      4 

Y  the  saiuc  yate  stex,  tlienne  sette  in  fyre  and 

flanime.  And  smoky nge  the  totaH  desolacyon 

of  the  sayd  plase  of  Troye,  lyke  as  the  goddes 

and  fortune  hadde  enterprysed  to  destroye  soo  arty-  8 

fycyatt  a  werke  vnto  the  laste  stone  and  fouudemente 

[«sign.  Biij]   of   so   hye   a   place  /  *  And    by   horryble   and    cruel 

Flight  of  Aeneas,   indygnacyon  to  throwe  doun  /  destroye,  and  confounde 

his  son  Yoius,' '     the  pompousG  and  proude  noblenes  of  thynhabytants  12 

nnd  otlieis,  from 

Troy;  of    Troyc  /  and   also  theyr  possessyons  and    hauoyr, 

cyuyles   and    other   /    And    vnder   the   tenebres   and 

derkenes,  departed  Eneas,  armed  clerly  at  aH:  pieces 

in  tlie   facyon  of   a  cote  armour  vpon  his  harnoys  /  16 

The  despoyle  of  a   ryght  horryble  and   moche  cruel 

lyon,  Whiclie  the  said  Eneas  hadde  kyHed  and  slayne. 

Aeneas  cairying    And  the  sayd  eneas  bare  vpon  his  sholdres  his  fader 

Aiichises^^'who      Anchiscs  /  the  whiche  thenne,  by  olde  age  and  lyuynge  20 

many  yeres,  his  bloode  ^vas  wexen  colde  soo  raoche, 

that   he  myghte   not   walke   ne   helpe   him    selfe   by 

moeuynge    /   And   thus    Anchises,  trussed   vpon    the 

sholdres  of  his  sone  eneas,  helde  a  coffre  weli  rychely  24 

adourncd  wyth  many  precyous  stones  in  facyon  and 

bore  the  gods  of  manere  of  a  shryne.  In  the  whiche  were  the  goddes  of 

'^'^"^'  Troye,  and  grete  and  diuerce  relykes  /  whiche  were  the 

thynges  /  In  whiche  the  famylye  of  Troye  /  the  people  28 
and  comynalte  of  Asie,  hadde  fixed  theyr  socoures  / 
and  tlialcgement  of  theyr  anguysshous  heuynesses. 
H  And  Eneas,  thus  charged  wyth  his  fader  whome  he 
bare  wyth  magnanymyte  of  courage,  as  sayd  is  /  32 
broughte  his  sone  yolus  by  the  ryght  honde  /  beynge 
The  beauty  of  of  the  age  of  xij  yere,  soo  fayr  and  so  weHe  com- 
posed, that   it   maye   leefuHy   be    sayd    that    nature 


CH.  II.]  AXD    niS    WIFE.       THEY    SAIL    TO    THRACE.  15 

haclde  doon  lier  deuoyr,  and  liolpen  to  the  procreacyon        cap.  ii. 
of     such    a     fygure    for    a    patrone    of    luankynde. 
H  What  shaH  I  sayo  more  of  Aiichises  and  yohis^  lyke 
4  as   sayd   is  /  ensiewcd   creusa   his   wyf,  vncuryously 
aourned  /  Xothyng  appertenau?it   to  thestate  Eoyali  /  pistioss  of 

.  Cieusi). 

hir  vysage  mate  by  frequente  sources  of  grete  teens  / 
And  hir  heyr,  whiche  by  manuel  artyfyces  hadde 
8  dyligently  be  enryched,  lete  theym  hangynge  in- 
dyfferently  and  aHe  rufflyd  on  alie  partyes,  wythout  ony 
hope  of  amendemente  /  It  sholde  be  an  *harde  thynge  [*Biij,  back] 
to  many  one,  to  putte  in  forgetynge  her  swete  firste 

12  lyf,  and  now  her  deploracyon  /  It  is  a  greuous  thyng 
to  me  to  passe  ouer  so  lyghtly  the  lamentable  circum- 
stau?;ccs  of  her  sorowful  heuyuesses  in  soo  fewe 
Avordis  /  Now  here  after  we  shaH  saye  consequently 

16  that  /  that  comynalte,   and  confusion  of    people  aHe   a  crowd  of 

,.,,,,,,  ,  T     wi-etclied  Trojans 

bywepte  /  noble  /  vnnoble  people,  men,  wymmen  and  follows  Aeneas. 
children  fleeynge,  ensiwed  Eneas,  soo  berynge  his  fader 
as  sayd  ys.     It  were  a  thynge  inhumayne  to  beholde 

20  theym  wythoute  pyte  /  but  yet  more  pyetous  to  teHe  it 

lyke  as  it  was  doon  iu  dede  /  This  companye  vnhappy   Reflections  on 
yssued  oute  of  a  ryght  goode  and  habundaii?ite  place 
of   aH    thynges  concupyssible  to  thappetyte  of  theyr 

24  desire  /  And  so  moche  incertayne,  after  this  dolourous 
excyle,  in  Avdiat  regyon  myghte  hapjien  the  ende  of 
theyr  maleurouse  and  vnhappy  destynees. 

THis  noble  companye  troian,  somtyme  in  reste  /  and 
now  vacabonde  and  fugytyf  by  the  feeldes  dar- 
danike,  came  and  aryued  in  a  porte  of  the  see  named  Aeneas  and  his 
simoys  /  and  there,  ryght  pencyf,  entred  into  the  see,  f "Jm  the  xilnois. 
and  by  troblous  reuolucyons  of  the  vn?ides  or  wawes 

32  were  broughte  into  the  He  of  Anchandron,  and  passed 
thorugh  the  foreste  of  yde,  whiche  is  in  the  sayd  cou?(tiey 
of  troye  /  And  here  we  shaH  finysslie  to  speke  of  the 
sorowful  and  tedyous  fleynge  of  the  poure  meschaur/te 

36  and  myserable  troians  /  whiche  hyder-to  hadde  folowcd 


1  0    AKNEAS    BEGINS    TO    BUILD    A    CITY,  &    HOLDS    A    SACRIFICE.    [cH.  II. 


CAR  n. 


They  arrive  in 
Tlii-ace,  at  the 


place  where 
Polyilore  had 
been  murdered, 


["sign.  Biiij] 

and  begin  to 
build  a  city. 


It  progi'esses 
slowly, 


so  they  hold  a 
feast  and  sacri- 
fice. 


Eneas  /     Eneas,  by  force  of  oores,  and  of  the  wawes  of 
the  see  /  arryued   in  the    Eoyalme  and    cou?«trey  of 
Trace  /  lyke  as  the  power  of  wynde,  after  the  dysposi- 
cyou  of  his  destenye,  In-to  the  said  place  hadde  broughte  4 
hyni. 

In  the  whiche  place  of  Trace,  Polydorus  hadde  be 
vylaynonsly  slayn   by  Plasmator,  kynge  of   the  same 
Regyon  of  Trace.     II  In  this  countrey  of  Trace,  Eneas,  8 
whiche  hadde  *grete  tresours  of  the  rychesse  of  Troye  / 
beganne  to  edyfye  a  cyte  named  Eneade,  takynge  it  of 
his  name.     !Neuertheles,  by  cause  that  Eneas  sawe  the 
cyte  by  him  bygonne,  come  not  by  the  dyligence  and  12 
operacyon  of  the  werkemen  to  his  perfeccyon  /  And 
that  the  sayd  operacyon  and  dyffycyle  werke  myghte 
not  in  so  shorte  space  of  tyme  to  come  to  suche  auaunse- 
raente  and  perfectyon  /  wythoute  the  dyligence,  fauour  /  16 
and  goode  wyHe  of  his  goddys  /  the  whiche,  thaugh 
they  hadde  ben  horryble  and  cruel,  and  wythoute  pyte 
to  tlie  troians  to-fore  the  confusion  and  vtter  dystruc- 
tyon  of  theyr  noble  and  honorable  cyte  /  I^everthelesse,  20 
in  this  caas  partyculer,  they  shewde  theym  selfe  fauour- 
able  ynough  /  And  entendynge  to  gyue  comforte,  ayde 
and    counseyl,  to  thendeme/ites  and    engynes    of   the 
"werkmen,  whiche  the  cyte  Eneyde  bylded  and  edifyed,  24 
And  therfor  wolde  and  dysposed   Eneas  to  halowe  a 
daye  prefyxed  in  makynge  sacrifyces  to  his  goddis  / 
after  the  solempnyte  in  suche  a  caas  by  the  troians 
accustumed.    And  he  hym  selfe,  as  prynce  and  example  28 
of  his  people  slewe  a  white  buHe  as  crystall,  to-fore  the 
face  of  his  goddys  /  And  of  the  bloode  that  yssued 
of  the  same,  wyth  herte  deuoute   bysprange  ^  ryghte 
humbly,  and  by  grete  lone  and  ardour  of  dylection,  the  32 
hostel  vpon  the  whiche  the  goddis  were  sette : 


1  orig.  besprinkled 


CH.  III.]  AENEAS    SACRIFICES    ON    POLTDORE's    GRAVE.  17 

%   How   Eneas  sacryfied   to  his  gocldis  in      cap.  hi. 
the  place  where  Poly  dor  us  had  be  slayn  : 

Capitulo.  iij° 


N 


Ow,   perauenture,  it  liappened  that  Eneas  made 


the  celebracyon  of  the  sacrifyce  to-fore  sayd,  in   Tiie  sacrifice  was 
the  selfe  place  /  where  as  Polydorus  hadde  be  slayne  where  Poiydore 

_  1(11  i-r»i-         ^''''*  buried. 

and  Diiryed  in  the  sande  /  by  the  see  syde,  Ey  the  in- 
8  humanyte  and  wyckednesse  of  Plasmator  /  In  Avhiche 
place  there  hadde  be  accumyled,  or  heped,  of  sonde  a 
lytyl  hyHe  or  niountycle  /  vpon  whiche  *  by  the  space  [«  e  iiij,  back] 
of  tyme  /  aboute  eyghte  or  ix.  yere,  were  yssued  oute  of 
12  the  erthe  smaHe  busshes  or  lyfeyU  trees,  by  hiimydite 
and  hete,  depely  enroted  in  the  erthe,  and  vpon  the 
lytyl  hylle  growen  on  heyghte,  the  whiche  trees  were 
named  in  f reushe  murtyHers  cornyHers.     And  on  the  Aeneas.gne.s  to 

1  n      •  1  e    n         ^   -n  i  i  i  ■        cut  boughs  to 

10  side  01  the  liine  was  an  bye  plotte,  so  nygho  that  it  ornament  his 

altar. 

shadowed  by  grete  space  the  place  where  as  was  made 

the  sayd  sacryfyce  :  Thoo  trees  apperceyued  by  Eneas 

came  thider  in  entencyon  to  cutte  and  liewe  doun  some 

20  of  the  bowes  and  braunches,  for  to  apparayHe  /  and  make 

fayr  the  place  of  his  sacrefyce  /  Lyke  as  we  englysshe   Part  Caxtl)n :  see 
men  doo  whan  we  halowe  ony  solenipnyte  in  the  tyme  ' — '  ' 

of  somer  /  In  strowynge  wyth  herbes,  and  settvnjie  vp   '^''®  English 

'  J     o         J  }  J     o         i.     custom  of  setting 

24  of  grene  trees  and  bowes,  in  the  chirches  and  chappeHis  JJJ^*  \'^^^^.  ^^^ 
for  to  refresshe  the  peojjie  there  assembled,  by  cause  of  suJJj'u'er^  "^ 
the  fest  &  solempnyte  there  to  be  halowed 

%    How   Eneas,  in   makynge    the   forsayd 

28      sacrifyce,  he  we  the  troncke  of  a  tree  /  oute 

of  the  whiche  yssued  bloode  :   And  how 

Polidorus  declared  the  sygnyficacyon  and 

the  maner  of  the  sayd  myracle,  and  the 

32      wyiie  of  the  goddys.  Cnp///////m  iiij 

ENEYDOS  C 


18       15L00D    ISSUES    FROM    THE    TREES    ON    POLYDORe's    GRAVE,     [c'll.  IV. 


CAr.  IV. 


Blood  issuing 
from  trees  as  lie 
cuts  theiri 

[*  leaf  B  5] 
alarms  Aeneas. 


He  prays  for 
exiilaiiation,  but 
receives  no 


so  endeavours  to 
pull  one  tree  up 
by  the  roots. 


E 


INeas  thenne,  by  ardcur  of  grete  deuocyon,  and  for 
affection  that  he  hadde  humbly  to  halowe  this 
festyuyte,  as  sayd  is  /  toke  an  axe  cuttynge  on  bothe 
sides,  And  as  I  suppose,  it  was  after  the  facion  of  a  4 
glayue  or  guysarme  /  Avyth  whiche  he  hewe  and  smote 
doun  wyth  grete  myghte  those  trees,  for  to  arraye  and 
make  fayr  the  sayd  aulter.     The  whiche  trees,  soo  cutte 
and  entamed  by  the  sayd  Eneas,  yssued  oute  in  an  8 
habondaunte  cours  a  sourge  of  blacke  bloode  droppynge 
doun  to  the  erthe  /  And  on  the  same  axe,  in  manere  of 
grete  droppes  of  bloode ;  by  whiche  *  shewynge,  Eneas 
was  gretly  abasshed  and  dredefuH,  merueyHynge  what  12 
thynge  that  myghte  sygnyfye.     And  for  to  haue  know- 
leche  of  this  myracle  and  of  aHe  the  faytte  therof,  The 
sayd  Eneas  knelyd  doun  on  bothe  his  knees,  bi  grete 
humylyacyon    of   herte    and  ^    deuoute   affectyon,    his  16 
hondes  loyned,  to-fore  the  sayd   aulter,    in  makynge 
requeste  vnto  the  troian  goddys  and  to  the  goddys  of 
the  forestes,  tliat  they,  by  theyr  diuyne  and  ineffable 
inspyracyon,  Avolde  gyue  to    hym  knowleche   of   this  20 
materyaHe    vysion    /   The  whiche   prayer   ended,  and 
wythoute  hauynge   ansuer  of   the  goddys  troians    by 
hym  adoured  and  ^aHid  on  /  After,  by  courage  more 
haultayn,  wythoute  ony  proude  though te  /  purposed  in  24 
hym  selfe  to  arache  or  plucke  vp  a  gretter  tree  whiche 
was  there,  whiche  empesshed  and  letted  hym  /  by  force, 
vygour  /  and  naturaHe  myghte,  wythoute  socoure  of  ony 
instrumente  artifycyaHe.     And  for  to  demeane  this  to  28 
effecte  /  Eneas  sette  thenne  one  knee  vpon  the  sonde, 
and  that  other  ayenste  tlie  branche  growen  and  comen 
oute  of  the  lytyH  hylle  where  as  was  burycd  Polydorus  / 
And  on  that  other  side  he  toke  the  braunches   of  the  32 
sayd  tree,  and  by  grete  myghte  and  bodyli  strengthe  / 
enforced  his  puyssaunce  for  to  arache  and  plucke  vp 
the  same  tree.     Durynge  the  whiche  efforte,  was  herde 
^  orig.  aud 


en.  IV.]  POLYDORE    ADDRESSES    AENEAS    FROM    HIS    GRAVE.  19 

a  voys  feble,  as  of  a  persone  aHe  sorowfuHc  and  by-        cap.  iv. 

wepte  /  and  nyghe  alie  fayHed  and  deed.     The  whiche 

sayd,  "  alas,  Eneeas  !  this  is  but  lytyll  prowesse  to  the,   Poiydore  then 

.  S]it'aks  from  his 

4  to  proue  and  exceisice  thy  robuste  puyssaunce  ayenste  grave. 
a  body  pryued  frome  his  lyf  /  or  vpon  a  deed  corps  to 
take  vengeaunce  soo  Inutyle  /  And  by  cause,  my  ryghtc 
dere  brother  and  my  goode  freude,  I,  very  sorowfuH 
8  whiche  so  moche  liaue  loued  the  wlmu  the  lyf  was  in 
me,  and  that  the  naturel  hete  of  blood  humayn  coni- 
forte  my  membris,  &  made  *theym  vegytallc  wyth  ['Br;,  back] 
sencyble  moeuynges  /  I  swere  to  the,  by  the   goddis 

12  whom  thou  seruest  /  &  Avhom  thou  now  in  p?-ofou;;de 
deuocyon  ba'st  requyred,  that  thou  cease  to  trauayHe 
and  poursiwe  me  deed  :  For  herof  I  make  the  certayn  / 
that  I  am  Polydorus,  sone  of  Tryame,  kynge  of  Troye,   Teiis  them  ^vho 

16  he  lyuinge  /  whiche  haue  ben  by  cruel  deth  and  trayson,    '^ '"' 
liidde  &  couerde  vnder  holy  amyte,  putte  onto  of  this 
worlde   by    plasmator,  kynge    of    this    countree    and 
Eegyon  /  For  the  aueryce  Insacyable  whiche  was  in 

20  hym,  And  that  had  hardynesse  to  commyse  and  doo 
this  cryme  soo  moche  deffauied,  and  fuH  of  so  excecrable 
cruelte  arrettyd  /  0  cursid  and  false  deceyuable  auaryce  / 
whiche  blyndeth  the  voluntees  liumayn  /  and  maketh 

24  by  his  subtyl  arte  the  ryche  men  suffretous  and  poure ; 
and  fertlier  for  to  gete  rychesse,  to  commyse  cryme  and 
homyside  by  dampnable  treason  /  And  I,  Polydorus,^ 
ferthermore   sliewe   and  manyl'este  to    the  /  that  the 

28  haboundau/ice  of  bloode  whiche  thou  haste  seen  yssue   andthatthe 
oute  of   the   trees  /  which  woldeste  haue   cutte   and   trees  is  his. 
plucked  vp  /  is  not  orygynaHy  of  thyse  trees  /  but  the 
sayd  trees  haue  taken  theyr  fou^^demente   and    firste 

'32  begynnynge  of  theyr  rote  in  my  body ;  and  by  that 
moyen  is  the  sayd  bloode  largely  comen,  and  hath 
aroused  the  erthe,  and  yssued  oute  of  my  body,  and 
nowher  eHis  /  And  for  this  cause  I  the  exhorte  and 

^  oriy.  I'lyodorus 

C  2 


A^ 


20  POLTDORE    TEIJ,S    AENEAS    HIS    DESTINY.  [ciI.  IV. 

CAP.  IV.        counceyHe  /  that  thou  ne  defoyHo  nomore  thyn  hondes 
Poiydoro  wyth  my  bloode.  And  holde  it  by  cause  of  my  siister 

reiiiiiuis  Aeneas         •>  o  j  d 

()fiiiHiuaniat'c      crusa,  the  whicho  was  "yuen  to  the  for  wyf,  of  niv 

with  his  sister,  '  ^•'  J    j      -^    '    J 

parentis  and  frendes,  in  maryage  /  4 

Nd  by  cause  that  thou,  Eneas,  haste  bygonne  to 
edyfye  and  bylde  a  newe  cytee  in  this  Eoyahne 
of  Trace,  in  the  perfection  of  the  same  thou  procedyng, 
hast  now,  vpon  y^  grete  materyaH  fouHdement.^!,  made  8 
bastelies  of  werke  &  ouuerage  maynyfyke  :  but  y"  wyH 
[*  leaf  B  6]  of  the  goddis  haue  ordeyned  *  and  concluded  by  a 
counseyl  emonge  theym  selfe,  that  this  lande  shaH  not 
and  tells  him  he    rcceviie  ne   socoure  the  /  But  shaiie   be   chased  and  12 

must  not  stay 

there,  but  that      fugytvf  fro  Troye  /  but  bi  the  sentence  irreuocable  of 

he  was  destined  o.y    ,/  d      . 

!•>'*'";  sods  to  go  theym  /  is  destenyed  to  the  /  the  swete  countrey  of 
ytalye,  ful  of  fruytes  /  for  there  to  be  releued.  And  to 
comfoi'te  myserable  heuynesse  whiche  thou  haste  longe  16 
suffied,  by  cause  of  thyne  exyle  /  Soo  departe  thou 
thenne  fro  this  londe,  maculate,  and  full  of  fylthe  and 
ordure,  by  the  blody  faytte  vppon  me  doon  by  the  false 
and  cruel  Plasmator,  kynge  of  thys  Regyon  /  And  goo  20 
thou  in-to  the  countrey  whiche  is  ordeyned  for  the  and 
thyne,  by  the  prouidence,  benyuolence,  and  prouysion 
of  the  goddis." 

SO  moche  Polydorus  hadde  opened  and  declared  24 
to  Eneas  the  secrete  of  his  vysions  /  that  eneas 
was  surprysed  wyth  drede  Inestymable,  aHe  in  a 
traunce,  And  soo  abode  a  longe  tyme  ynough,  lyke  a 
corps  wythoute  entendemente  /  And  wythoute  party-  28 
cypacyon  of  sensityf  moeuynge.  And  for  tymorysitc, 
and  thyng  not  acustumed,  merueyllotis  &  Insolute, 
Aeneas  is  stnick  as   sayd  is,  his  tonge  abode  &  clyued    to  the  palate 

dumb  witli 

astoiiisiiment.       of  his  mouuth  in    suche  manere  /  that  durynge  the  32 
langorous     tyme     that    polidorus    tolde    this    vysion 
myserable,    It    was    inpossyble    to    hym    to    excercyse 
thoffyce  of  his  tongue  to  hym  destynate  by  nature  / 
neuertheles,  after  that  nature   hadde  stablysshed    his  3G 


CH.  v.]  TUE    OBSEQUIES    OF    POLYDOKE.  21 

wj'^tte    and    spyritte,   and    giuen    to    eche   of    theyni        cap.  iv. 
faculte  &  power  to  excersice  tlieyr  otFyce  and  wordcs  / 
The  sayd  Eneas  ordeyned  that  the  cause  ^  of  Polydorus,      [i /o,- corpse] 
4  yssued  of  his  bloode  and  genealogye,  sholde  be  restored  On  recovering 

Aeneas  resolves 

and  nalowed  honours  funerane  /  And  to  nis  goddis  to  perform 

funeral  rites  to 

make  sacryfyces  apperteynynge  for  to  gete  the  grace  Poiydore. 
of    theyni    /   that    they    might    rendre    theyni    selfo 
8  benygnc,  mercyful  /  debonayr  /  and  propj'ce  vnto  the 
helthe  of  polydorus. 

*  ^  Tliobsequyes  of  Polidorus.  [^Be.ijacU] 

Qop^ituhm.  V. 

12  TT^Or  the  obsiquyes  funeraH  of  Polydorus  to  bryng         cap.  v.' 


F 


to  effecte,  so  was  the  aulter  establysshed  for  to 


halowe  the  sacrifyce  /  And  therupon  putte  &  sette  Aeneas  sacrifices 

in  honour  of 

the  goddes  of  troye  /  which  were  of  colour  sangueyn   Poiydore. 

16  &  reed;  and  eneas,  &  his  felaushyp^:)e  chosen  by  hym 
for  to  make  and  exhibete  the  sayd  sacrefyce,  weren 
aHe  generaHy  symple,  &  euuyronned  wyth  bendes 
of  his  Avhiche  enuyronned  vnder  the  throte,  mountynge 

20  vppe  to  the  temples  bytwene  their  frontes  &  eres,  vnto 
the  toppe  of  the  heed  /  And  vpon  theyr  hedes  they 
had  chapelettis  of  brau?zches  of  cypresse,  whiche  grewe 
nygh  the  montycle  or  lityl  hyHe  where  as  Polydorus 

24  was  buryed  /  whiche  is  a  tree  sacred  and  ordeyned 
to  the  ende  that,  by  the  veheniente  odour  and  swete 
smeiie  of  the  same  tree,  inaye  surmounte  the  infecte 
odour  of  the  caroynes  of  the  dede  bodyes  /  And  the   Costume  of  the 

28  wymmen  of  Troye  whiche  had  folowed  Eneas  whau 
he  departed  fro  troye,  were  tofore  the  sayd  aulter  with 
oute  apparayH,  ne  wythoute  retchynge  ought  by  theym 
selfe  in  ony  wyse.     For  the  sayd  wymmen  were  aHe 

32  dyssheuelled,  or  bare  the  heed,  makynge  meruelogus 
synacles,  as  theyr  custume  was  in  that  tyme  in  that 
cou7?tre  also,  and  semcd  better,  wymmen  oute  of  theyr 
wyttes,  than  porueyd  of  cou/jtenau?2ce  or  constau/ice. 


22    AENEAS  SAILS  FROM  TIIUACE.    BEGINNING  OF  STORY  OF  DIDO.   [cH.  VI. 


CAF.  V. 

The  cymphs  or 
buckets  used  in 
sacrilice. 


[*  leaf  B  7] 


Aeneas  and  his 
companions  go  to 
sea. 

Dido. 

Difference  be- 
tween Virgil's 
and  Boccaccio's 
accoTint  of  her. 


CAP.  VI. 


Boccaccio's 
FallofNoblys. 


For  y"  co??so?»macio?i  of  the  said  sacrifyce,  eneas 
ordcyned  to  take  many  cymphes,  iJiai  ben  vessels 
ordeyncd  for  to  make  suclie  sacrifyce,  &  ben  in  maner 
of  lityl  bokettis,  or  lytyl  shippes,  of  a  strange  stone,  &  4 
of  dyuerse  colours  /  as  iaspre,  porpliire  /  of  wbiche  som 
Avcre  fuH  of  blood  of  bestis  sacrefyed,  &  other  ful 
of  mylke  clere  &  clene  /  the  whiche  vessellis,  in 
habu«dau?«ce  of  deuoc/on,  they  cam  about  y*"  sayd  8 
mo?<tycle  or  lityl  liiH  of  polidorus  /  in  recomcHdyng 
y^  sayd  polidorus  to  *  the  debonnayr  clemence  and 
luercyful  iustyce  of  the  goddis. 

THenne    Eneas    and   aH:   his  sequele  made   theym  12 
redy    for    to    accomplysshe    &    leue    the   sayd 
cou?jtrey  of  Trase,  by  the  admonestement  of  the  sayd 
Poljnlorus,  sone  of  pryame,  kynge  of  Troye  /  mounted 
vpon  the  see.     And  Avas  there  long  and  many^  dayes  /  16 
Soo  thenne  we  shall  leue  to   speke  of  Eneas  /  And 
shaile  retorne  to  speke  of  dydo  /  And  firste  to  shews 
the  dyfference    of    John  bochace   and  of   vyrgyle,  to 
putte  in  bryef  the  faHe  of  the  sayd  dydo  recounted  20 
by  bochace  /  and  after  by  the  sayd   virgyle. 

%  Here    bigynnetli    thistorye,    how     dydo 
departed  from  y^  cou?^trey.     ^  ca  .  .  \^° 

That  other  daye,  in  passyng  tyme,  I  redde  the  fali  24 
of  noblys  /  of  who  mlhoil  bochace  hath  spoken, 
&  in  brief,  y^  adue?<tures  of  fortune  harde  &  dyuersly 
excecrable  /  &  in  art  destructyue  of  theyr  personis  / 
honoures  /  goodes  /  and  chyuau»ches ;   of  whom  the  28 
sowime  haue  ben  cause  of  ther  harme  &  euyl,  &  of  the 
destrucc^n  of  Avhiche  some  be  yet.  and  how  be  it  that 
thei  ben  pourueyed  moche  more  that  it  apperteyneth 
to  theym,  seen  theyr  scyence,  prowesse,  vaiHya?ityse  or  32 
seruyce  after  thestate  &  their  vocacion,  in  the  whiche 
eche  ought  to  holde  and  be  co??tent  /  like  as  saith 
^  orig.  many 


CH.  VI. J  Boccaccio's  fall  of  princes,     his  account  of  dido.     23 

thappostle,  wytliout  tloyng  grief   or  ony  nuysau/<ce  /        cap.  vi. 
ne  to  bere  do»image,  ne  myssaye  ony  other  /  this  iiot- 
\vysto«dyng,  alwaye    they   be   in  awayte   /    &    delite 

4  theraselfe  to  seche  often  tymes  meanes  for  to  grieue, 
&   to   saye   wordes   detractiue.s  /  wherof   folowoth  y^  Boccaccio's  FaU 
perdycion  of  moche    peple,  &   of    them  selfe    in   the 
ende   /    whiche    therin    haue   medeled   H    And    after 

8  certayne  space  I  hadde  been  in  beholdynge  the 
peryHous  aduentures  /  and  fortunes  ryghte  sorowfuHe  / 
of  many  kynges,  prynces,  or  knyghtes,  and  many 
other  /  I  fonde  the  faHe  of  dydo,  somtyme  quene  and 
12  fou«dresse  of  the  noble  cyte  *  of  cartage;  the  whiche  [*B7,  bacuj 
in  redynge,  I  was  abasshed,  and  had  grete  merueylle  / 
how  bochace,  whiche  is  an  auctoiir  so  gretly  reno??mied, 
hath  transposed,   or  atte   leste   dynersifyed,  the  faHe   His  account  of 

Dido. 

16  and  caas  otherwyse  than  vyrgyle  hath  in  his  fourth 

booke  of  Eneydos  /  In  whiche  he  hath  not  rendred   The  French 

wiiter  wonders 

tlie  reason  /  or  made  ony  decysion,  to  approne  better  wiiy  Boccaccio 

'  J  J  '  ff  diltersfrom 

the  his  than  that  other.     And  yf  ony  wolde  excuse  virgiVs  story  in 

•'  ''  the  AeueuL 

20  hym,  and  saye  that  he  hadde  doon  hit  for  better  to 
kepe  thonour  of  wymmen,  And  wolde  not  treate  ne 
saye  thynge  of  theym  dyshoneste,  but  that  myghte 
be  to  theyr  auaiuicemente,  H  This  reason   hath  noo 

24:  place  :  For  he  hath  putte  in  many  places  other  grete 
faHes,  ouermoche  infamous,  of  some  queues  and  lad  yes  / 
and  hath  not  suffyced  to  hym  to  speke  alie  in 
generaH,    but    hath    made    expresse    chapytres    /    In 

28  blamynge  the  complexions  of  theym;  By  the  whiche   Boccaccio  often 
partyculerly  he  sheweth  the  dyssolucyons  and  peruerse  verse'conditions 

of  the  sex  femi- 

condycyons  that  ben  in  the  scxe  femynyne  /  And  for  nine. 
to  shewe  euydently  vpon  the  sayd  caas  and  falle,  the 
32  dyfference  whiche  is  of  vyrgyle  and  of  bocace,  I  haue 
enterprysed  to  shewe  aHe  a  longe  the  texte  of  vyi-gyle  / 
The  causes  and  occasions  of  tlie  laste  extynctyon,  and 
dolourous  deth  and  despyte  of  the  reco?;zmee  of  dydo,   Dido  also  called 

KlvssG  or 

36  otherwyse  callyd  or  named  Elysse  or  Fenyce   IF  But  Fcnyce. 


2i      THE  niOENICIANS.       BEGINNING  OF  TUE  STORY  OF  DIDO.        [CH.  VI. 


CAP.  VI. 


[* leaf  B  S] 

The  name  of 

Fenyce. 


fyrsto.  and  to-forc,  for  lietter,  and  to  vnderstande  the 
niatcr,  T  hauc  purposed  to  recyte  liere  the  caas  /  and 
falle,  after  the  oppynyon  of  lohn  bocacc,  whiche  sayth 
as  here  after  shaH  ensiewe  and  folowe  : — •  4 

YF  In   ony  maner  fayth  oughte  to   be  adiousted 
vnto  the   Avrytynges   and   dyctes   of   olde   and 
auncyente  cronycles  or  historyers  /  Or  to  theyr  letters, 
cronykes  and  historyes  /  Vnneth  maye  men  fynde  ony  8 
of  soo  grete  langago  IT  And  dygne  to  yeue  magny- 
fycence  /  *and  somoche  deuyne  reno?/imee  /  as  to  the 
hye  name  of  Fenyce  /  whereof  the  rayson  maye  be 
this  /  how  he   it  that  thauctour  putte  not  precysely  12 
Letters  invented  dedycte  wythoute  texte  /  by  cause  that  the  Fenyces 
Phoenicians,         Avere  the  fyrst  Inuentours  of  carecteris  dyffereneyng 
that  one  fro  that  other,  of  whiche  were  fourmed  lettres 
for  to  write  &  redyng  in  remembaru?2ce  perpetual,  y*  16 
thynges  that  they  desireden    to   late   be  knowen   to 
theyr  frendis  /  or  otherwyse  for  the  conseruacyon  of 
theyr  dedes  /  fayttes,  &  scyences  /  to  thende  that  they 
myghte  reduyce  in  souuenau?ice  or  remembrau?jce,  by  20 
thynspection   and   lecture   of   theyr   wrytyngys,    that 
whiche  by  lengthe  of  tyme,  &  debylyte  of  entendement, 
sholde  be  wythdrawen  /  Or  otherwyse  sholde  haue  be 
forgoten  it,  and  put  in  oublyau/^ce,  that  the  fenyces  24 
fonde  to  note  wyth  rede  colour  or  ynke  firste  the  sayd 
lettres  /  of   whiche  our  bokes  ben  gretely  decorate, 
socoured  &  made  fayr.     We  wryte  the  grete  and  firste 
capytaH  lettres  of  our  volumes,  bookes  and  chapytres,  28 
wyth  the  taynture  of  reed  coloure  : 

THe  name  thenne,  and  Eoyalme  of  Fenyce,  hath  be 
moche  hiely  decored  by  merueyHous  artes  /  and 
myryfyke  /  In  ioyouse  preysynge  and  laude  wherof,  32 
the   clerenes    and    fame   of    his    ouurages    hath    ben 
dyuulged  &  shewed  vnto  the  laste  clymate  of  londes 
Siutl^rof  liabited  wyth  lygnage  royaHe  II  Oute  of  the  whiche 
s^sterTf  te'^'^      Fenyce  and  prosapye  auncyenne  /  as  it  is  to  byleue  by  3G 


who  first  made 
red  initials  for 
decoration  of 
books. 


en.  VI.]         DIDO,   DAUGHTER    OF    BELUS,  MARRIED    TO    SYCH.EUS.  25 

tlieyr  wrytyngys  /  yssued  a  kynge  named  Belus  /  After        cap.  vi. 
the  Jetbe  of  whome  /  one  his  sone,  named  pygmaleon,   successor  pyg- 
succeded   hym  /  And  obteyned   the  Eoyahne  of   the  married  to 
4  Fenyces  U  He  hadde  also  a  daughter  named  Elysse,   AccrUas  of  Tyre, 
whiche  afterwarde  was  named  dydo,  &  was  maryed  to 
one  named  Acerbe  /  otherwyse  caHed  Sychee  (his  vncle 
Avas  preest  of  hercules),  honoured  wel  in  the  royame  of 
8  thy*re,  and   the  gretest   of  aHe   the  cou?ztreye  after      [*B8,  back] 
the  kyng  of  the  same  /  This  gentyhnan  was  moche 
fayr  to  byholde  /  yonge  /  &  playsau?it,  of  grete  reuer- 
ence  /  ryght  honorable  emonge  them  of  the  cou^tre  /  of 

12  gi'ete  audacyte  /  and  of  name  magnyfyque,  ryght  moche   to  whom  she 
byloued  of  Elysse  /  Thenne  his  wyf,  Avhiche  thenne  attached. 
he  loued  also  moche  of  fyne  loue  wythout  fayntasie, 
whiche   sone  after  fayled   by   his   deth  anguysshous, 

16  wherof  thenne  it  happed  after  the  lugemente  that  to 
hym  was  fortunat  /  that  he  was  so  bienewrous  that  he 
was  emonge  aH:  other  estemed  to  be  most  in  loye  & 
gladnes,  consideryng  the  beaute  and  bounte  of  dydo 

20  his   wyf,  And   also   of   grete  rychesses  /  of  whiche  wealth  of 
Acerbe,  otherwyse  caHyd  Sychee,  Avas  moche  endowed, 
&  hadde  preemynence  in  ryght  grete  habundau?«ce  : 

BY  the  couetyse  of   Avhiche  goodes  &  rychesses  / 
pygmalyon,  brother  of  Elysse,  and  kynge  of  the   Pygmalion 
cou/itrey,  was  sore  esprysed  /  For   whiche  cause    the 
deth    Avas    conspyred  of   the    fayr   Sychee,    the   sayd 
pygmalyon  thynkynge  in  hymselfe  to  doo  slee  fiym, 

28  And  by  this  moyen  he  sholde  attayne  to  thende  of  his 
desire  &  wyH  insacyable  and  fuH  of  couetyse,  And 
soo  to  hym  selfe  he  sholde  atte  vsurpe  his  grete  & 
Innumerable  rychesses  /  and  lyke  as  he  thouglit  /  ho 

■32  dyd  /  and  dyd   do  slee  Acerbe  or  Sychee  /  Thenne   murders 

J     1         1  •  i        p  -LI  o  <•     -  Sych«us  for  his 

dydo,    nis  sAvete    &   amyable    spouse    &    Avyf,    Dare  riches, 

it   moche  inpacyentli  and  soroAvfuHy  /  &   in    sucho 

anguysshe  of  herte  /  that  she  swowned,  syncopysed, 

36  &  syghcd  /  And  oute  of   her  fayr  SAvete  eyen  /  & 


26 


DIPO'a    SORROW    FOR    SYCHyEUS. 


[on.  VI. 


CAr.  VI. 

r>ido  mourns 
grievously  for 
Sycliaeus, 


[*  sign.  C  j] 


and  tliiuks  of 
leaving  Tyre  on 
account  of  the 
covetousness  of 
Pygmalion. 


tendrc,  flowed  teeris  assyduatly  and  contynucHy,  that 
they    better    seemed   two    grete  sourges  wellynge   vp 
grete  afiluence  of  teerys,  "whiche  ranne  doun  hy  hir 
fayr  &  freshe  vysage  /  And  thus  the  sayd  dydo  sufFred  4 
grete  payne  for  the  grete  and  harde  syghynges  &  heuy- 
nesses,  by  cause  of  y*  grete,  horri[b]yle  /  nephande  / 
&  *  detestable  cryme,  perpetred  and  commysed  in  the 
persone  of  sychee,  her  swete  and  late  amyable  husbonde  /  8 
longe   tyme  demeaned  she    suche  clamours   wythoute 
ony  hope  euer  otherwyse   to    lyue ;   And   alwaye  she 
considerynge  the  causes  of  the  sayd  cryme  /  and  the 
couetyse  of  her  sayd  brother  pygmalyon  /  And  that  12 
many  tymes  by  dremes  and  other  admonestements  was 
ofte  tymes    incyted    and    cou^seyHed  to    seche    some 
place  sure  and  secrete  /  And  thenne  of  thobeyssaunce 
of  the  sayd  pygmalyon  /  for  the  surete  of  hir  persone,  16 
she  comened  wyth  the  prynces  of  the  same  contrey,  & 
specyaHy  wyth  the  pryncipaH  whiche  hadde  be  frendes 
of  Sychee,  late  hir  husbonde  /  and  shewed  to  theym 
the  causes  by  the  whiche  she  hadde  conceyued  this  20 
grete  hate  ayenste  her  brother  pygmalyon  /  whom  she 
drewe  to  her  part  and  side,  and  were  content  to  doo 
aHe  that  /  whiche  by  hir  sholde  be  aduysed  /  for  to 
wythstandc  the  cursed  enterpryse  of  hir  sayd  broder,  24 
whiche  had  concluded  in  him  selfe,  and  to-fore  thought  / 
Thenne  sone  after  a  wyke,  Elysse  faynynge  that  she 
no  myghte  no  lenger  dueUe  in  the  hous  of  Acerbe,  late 
her  husbonde,  by  cause  that  she  was  ouermoche  nioleste  28 
and  greued  by  recordynge  continuel  in  rememarbu?2ce 
pietous  of  the  swete  mayntene  and  semblaujice  of  the 
sayd  Sychee,  her  prcteryte  husbonde,  But  she  incyted, 
frequented  ofte  the  places  in  whiche  she  had  lirste  seen  32 
her  true  frende  and  loue  sichee  /  And  th  erf  ore  Avyth 
aHe  the  hauoyr  and  other  goodis  of  the  sayd  Acerbe 
that  he  posseded  in  his  lyfe,  ryght  gladly  she  wolde 
dispose  hir  self  to  goo  vnto  the  Koyamc  of  fcnyce,  the  36 


en.  VI.]  DIDO    PREPARES   TO    DEPART,  AND    SAILS.  27 

cou?/tre3'  of  her  nayssau??ce  and  b)Tthe,  vnto  pj'ginalion        cap.  vi. 
hir  brother  /  whiche,  Avhan  he  herde  of  it,  was  raoche   g,I\'o  rVwenida'' 

T  /  iiii,  i  ii-to  her  biollicr, 

loyous  /  supposyuge  '■  by  that  moyeii  to  come  to  nis 
4  insacyable  and  cursyd  auaryce  /  for  to    haue  aH  the 
rychesses  &  other  goodes^  to-fore  sayd.     Forthwyth 
*  the  sayd  pygmalyon  sente  vnto  his  suster  dydo  a  flote      [*  c  j,  back] 

«,  ,,  ,,  iiTii  wlio  sends  her  a 

01  shyppes,  wen:  manned  and  garnysshed,  lor  to  brynge  fi^.^.t_ 
8  wyth  her  the  goodes  and  rychesses  of  the  sayd  Royame 
of  Thir,  in-to  fenyce  vnto  hym  /  But  dydo  /  by  other 
barate,  as  she  then  hadde  ordeyned  /  and  that  alwaye 
thoughte  to  eschevve  and  gaynstonde  the  fraude  of  hir 

12  sayd  broder,  toke  and  hydde  priuely  in  a  certeyn 
place  of  hir  shippe  aHe  the  grete  tresours  &  hauoyrs 
of  hir  sayd  somtyme  husbonde  sichec.  And  in  the 
place  where  they  were,  she  sette  many  sackes  fuH  of 

16  brasse  &  coper,  the  wfiiche,  aHe  manyfestely  or  openly 
in  the  presence  of  atte  hir  people,  whiche  supposed 
tlienne  /  that  it  hadde  ben  the  tresour  of  her  late 
husbonde  /  And  dyd  it  to  be  taken  from  thens,  and  to   sue  ruts  on 

20  carye  and  here  hit  to  the  shippe  at  euyn,  wyth  thoo   ot  sham  iiiimeyt 
people  whiche  to-fore   is    made  mencyon  /  And   the 
messagers  of  the  sayd  kynge  pygmalyon,  whiche  were 
comen  to  fetche  hir  /  mounted  vpon  the  sayd  shyppe 

24  for  to  goo  in-to  fenyce.     And  whan  they  were  well  on 
the  waye  oute  of  the  lande,  in  the  bye  see,  she  com- 
maunded  to  caste  oute  the  sackes  of  brasse  and  coper  /  t},^^  throws 
where  they  in  tlie  ship  hadde  supposed  that  it  hadde  bags!'"'^''^  ^^^ 

28  ben  the  tresours  that  she  broughte  wyth  her ;  And 
that  doon,  she  sayd  to  thcym,  wepynge,  these  incitatyf 
wordes : 

"  Dere  felawes  and  frendes  of  our  nauye  /  I  doubte   She  addresses 

32  nothynge  but  that  ye  haue  the  wyHe  for  taccomplyssho 

that  whiche  I  commau?ale  you  /  wythouto  to  aske  or 

wyH  to  knowe  ony  wyse  this  whiche  ye  liauc  doon  / 

But  for  to  saye  &  teHe  to  you  the  cause  whiche  haue 

1  orir/.  supposyuge.  2  oruj.  giodus. 


28      DIDO  ENCOURAGES  IIER  MEN  TO  SEEK  REFUGE  ELSEWHERE.    [CH.  VI. 


CAP.  YI. 


["sign.  C  ij] 


Dido  advises  her 
men  to  seek  a 
refuge  elsewhere 
vvitli  her, 


to  avoid  Fygma- 
lion's  anger  if 
tlicy  go  emiity- 
lianded  to  him. 


She  offers  to 
guide  tliem  to 
some  otlier 
place. 


ruoeuod  mo  thus  to  doo,  I  liaue  moclie  lieuer  to  haue 
loste  aHe  the  richesses  of   Acerbe,  late  my  frende  & 
husboiid,  the  whiche  ye  haue  now  drowned  wythiu  the 
bely  of  the  see  /  than  I   sholdo  dclyuer  theym  in-to  4 
the  handes  of  the  ryght  cruel  kynge  Pygmalyon,  my 
brother;    for  the  whiche  rychesses  to  haue^  of  me  / 
after  that  he  *  hath  taken  the  lyf  awaye  fro  my  swete 
and  true    liusbonde,  he  hath  sente  you   hider  for  to  8 
brynge  me  to  hym  wyth  his  shippes  /  And  therfore 
thynke  reryli  that  it  behoueth  you  presenly  to   doo 
and  holde  me  companye,  or  eHs  deye  /  or  flee  from 
hym  /  ye  haue-  knowen  ynoughe  his  grete  and  cursid  12 
auaryce,  And  how  he  hath  doo  slee  Acerbe  or  Syche, 
my  late   husbondo,  for  to  haue  of   him  his  tresours. 
Wherfor  I   doubte  not  that  now,  after  the  rychesses 
loste,  yf  we  goo  to  hym  /  he  shaH  be  soo  surprysed  16 
wyth  angre  and  furyouse  Avoodnes  /  whan   he  shaH 
see  hym  selfe  soo  deceyued  &  put  fro  his  entente,  that 
he  shaH  moche  sore  tormente  vs  /  and  at  thende  put 
vs  to  dcthe  ;  the  whiche,  sith  that  he  hath  wythdrawen  20 
&  taken  awaye  hym  /  whiche  was  aHe  my  wele  /  I 
shatte  take  it  in  gree  &  gladly.     But  I  haue  compassyon 
of  you,  whiche  in  this  caas  haue  no  culpe  ne  blame  / 
of    the   gricuous    paynes    &    myserable    tormentes    of  24 
Avhiche  he  shaH  make  you  to  haue  by  afflyctyou  /  And 
therefore  late  vs  treate  by  one  acorde  /  yf  ye  wyite 
flee  from  the  couwtrey  of  my  brother  wyth  me  /  and 
eschewe  his  grot  furour  /  I  shaH  abandoune  my  lyf  28 
wyth    you,  my   good    cytezeyns,  whiche    be    here   in 
dangeour  of  myserable  deth  /  And  oflfre  my  selfe  to 
brynge  &   conducte   you   in-to    some  other   place   of 
surete,  where  as  we  shaH  lyuc  more  at  our  ease,  in  32 
places  of  loyous  dweHynge,  wythoute  to  haue  more 
drede  of  hym  /  ne  of  the  grete  doubte  &  fere  of  his 
cruel  tyrannyo  "  /  thus  were  moeued  &  attyred  by  thox- 
^  oriij.  liaue.  -  orig.  haiie. 


en.   VI.]  DIDO    SAILS    TO    CVPRUS.  29 

hortacyon  of  dydo,  &  her  swete  monicyons  and  pyetoiis        cap.  vi. 
prayers  /  aHe  the  maronners,  of  one  accorde  wyth  alie  Dido's  men  aii 

agree  to  go  witli 

the  other,  in  the  shippe     How  wel  it  was  to  theyni   her. 
4  inoche  luirde  a  tli^^ige  to  habaiidoune  Sz  leue  the  swete 
cou«trey    of    tlieyr    natiuyte    /    AHe    that    notwyth- 
sta?idyng,  they  accorded  &  greed  to  doo  aH  hir  wyH  / 
&  the  prores  or  forship  whiche  lay  toward  the  cou?/tre 
8  of  thir,  *tourned  anone  towarde  the  Eoyame  of  Cypre,      [*Cij,  back] 
for  to  goo  in-to   that  countrey  /  There    fonde    they   cyiirus"  '" 
tlie   preste   of    luhyter,  Avyth   his    wyf    and   aHe   his 
meyne,  vaticynaunte  or  prophecyeng  thynges   moche 

12  merueyllous,  in  pronostycacyon  righte  happy  of  their 
fleeynge  and  voyage ;  the  whiche,  wyth  his  wyf  and. 
meynage,  wente  anone  wytli  theyiii,  and  not  knowynge 
in-to  wiuit  countrey,  for  to  soiourne  and  passe  fortlio 

16  theyr  yongthe,  in  some  place  of  peas  and  of  surete  for 
to  abide.  Also  to  thende  that  their  name  perysshe  not 
wytlioute  remembrau?;ce  for  faulte  of  lygnee  /  And  a 
while  they  abode  in  the  countree  /  whiche  were  weH 

20  pleased  W3'th  theyr  conuersacyon,  and  niaryages  of 
theyr  doughters  to  theym,  in  eschewynge  to  fuHe  in-to 
olde  age,  not  socoured  Avyth  children  &  niaynage  / 
whiche  sholde  yssue  of   theyr  lygnage  for  tenhabyte 

24  the  countrey,  and  niaintene  theyr  name  and  remem- 
braujjce  perpetuel  /  And  in  conclusion,  they  decended. 
from  their  shippes  to  the  lande,  and  at  the  ryuage  of 
the  same  they  toke  indede  Ixx  maydens,  and  anone   tai<e  on  iKiar.i 

28  putte  theym  in-to  their  shippes,  the  whiche,  after  the   "'*  ""''''''""> 
custome  auncyen  of  the  cypricns  thider  comen,  receyued 
for  to  Wynne  y'^  duete  of  maryage  wyth  men  of  aHe 
cou/<treys    and    nacyons    that    thider    came    fro    aHe 

32  partyes  /  And  sytli  after,  made  festes  and  sacryfices  to   and  saorificc  to 
venus  the  goddesse.      For  after  duryiige  their  maryage  / 
to  l)e  obserued,  holden  and  kepte  chaste  aHe  the  tyme 
of  theyr  lyf,  as  yf  they  oflred  to  the  sayd  venus  theyr 

36  laste   sacrifyces  &  obse(]^uyes  for  to  goo   outc  fro  hir 


30  DIDO    SETTLES    IN    AFRICA    AND    BUYS    LAND.       [cil.   VII. 

CAP.  VI.        subicctyoii,  and  to  be  fi'om  her  cxeiiiptc  from  thenne 
fortl'iou  : 

CAP.  vii.  ^1  How  dydo  anyued  in  Lybye,  a  strauiige 
countrcy,  and  boughte  as  moclie  londe  or  4 
groundc  /  as  she  myghte  conteyne  wythin 
the  space  of  the  hide  of  an  oxe.  in  whiche 
she  buylded  and  edyfied  the  cyte  of 
Cartage  /  Ca^itulum.  vij.      8 

[*sign.  Ciiji      *    A    ]S[d    from   thens   departed   dydo,  wyth   aHe   liir 


.^. 


naiiye,  in  passynge  the  see ;  and  alwaye  wyth- 


Dido  arrives  drawynge  fro  the  sayd  londe  of  fenyce,  arryued  vpon 

in  Africa,  and  ^       no                />                                   i  •        i                    y  i  -^ 

buys  as  much  the  Eyuage   of  aftryque  tor  to  repayre  hir  shyppes  /  12 

land  as  can  be 

contained  by  an  _4nd    there  boughte  of   thynhabitau??tis   of   the  same 


ox  hide. 


countrey,  as  moche  lande  or  grou??de  /  as  she  myghte 
ennyronne  Avyth  the  hide  of  an  oxe  /  whiche  dyd  doo 
corroye    wett,  and    after  dyd  doo  cutte  hit   soo  in  a  16 
thouge  so  smaHe  and  longe,  that  she  enuyronned  moclie 
more  quantyce  of  the  grounde  of  tlie  sayd  countrey  tlian 
the  Inhabytantes  seliars  supposed  sholde  euer  haue  ben. 
In  the  sayd  place,  durynge  the  tyme  that  dydo  and  her  20 
felawshyp^je,  whiche  by  longe  tyme  hadde  ben  in  grete 
trauayHe  vpon  the  see  /  whyche  moche  hadde  greued 
theym,  and  throwen  theym  in  mani  dyuerse  cou??treys, 
were  thenne  vnder  the  proteccyon  and  swete  reconsily-  24 
acyon  &  rest  /  tliey  dyd  doo  repayre  theyr  nauyre  /  & 
sette  it  wyth  /  grete  peyne,  aHe  in  poynte,  wyth  aHe 
thynges  to  theym  necessarye.     Thenne  thenhabyta?ins 
and  theyr  neyghbours  by  /  began  to  treate  Avyth  theym  28 
curtoysly,  and  ofte  vysited  theym,  wythoute  to  doo 
to  theym  ony  grief  /  moleste,  or  thynge  that  oughts  to 
dysplease  theym  /  but  wyth  aH  gre  and  frendlynes, 
Her  people  and     Avytlioutc  puttynge  on  tlicym  lothlynes  as  strau/^gers.  32 
come'Viludijr      They  of  tlie   countree  bygaune  to  liolde  parlyameiite 
wyth  theym,  and  toke  amytyes  &  alyau/zce  wyth  tlieym  / 


CH.  VII.]  DIDO    FOUNDS    THE    CITY    OF    CARTHAGE.  31 

&  admynystred  to  theym  marcliau^idyscs,  and  dyd  aHe  cap.  vii. 
other  thynges  whiclie  is  acustumed  to  be  doon  bytwene 
neyghbours  and  good  f rondos  :  Thenne  dydo  &  hir 
4  bavous,  seeyng  the  fruytfal  dysposicyon  and  bounte  of 
tlie  sayd  place,  semed  to  theym  that  thoy  oughte  to 
make  au  ende  of  their  fuyte  or  fleeynge  /  and  anone 
elysse  or  dydo,  to  theym  dyscouerde  the  fraude  that  she   Dido  shows  her 

people  that  she 

8  had  don  /  &  sliewed  whcrfore  she  had  throwen  in-to  ii-ifi  deceived 

them,  and  still 

the  see  the  sackes  a-forsayd,  ful  of  brasse  &  coper  /  so-  hasher  hus- 

•^  '■        '  band  s  treasure. 

*  myngc  that  hit  had  ben  tlie  tresour  of  Sychee,  her  late      I*  c  iij,  back] 
iiusbonde  /  Avhiche  thenne  she  shewed  to  theym,  wherof 

12  then  they  were  rnoche  loyous,  &  gretly  encoraged  wyth 
goode  hope  /  &  concluded  anone  to  buylde  &  edefye 
a  newe  cyte  there  /  And  caste  &  toke  the  fou?idement 
for  to  make  a  cyte  there  /  and  there  they  abode  aH  to  Thoy  found  a 

16  gyder  /  And  in  soo  makyng,  they  fonde  wythin  the 
grounde,  in  diggyng  to  make  the  fon«dementes,  the  bed 
of  an  horse,  whiche  gaaf  to  theym  lianlynes  /  courage 
&  destyne  to  preysinge  of  the  place  to  be  propyce  and 

20  acceptalile,  the  'whiche  was  then??e  purposed  to  be  closed 
&  enuyronned  wyth  Avaliis  antentyke  /  And  the  cyte 
was  named,  as  some  saye.  Cartage,  by  cause  that  the   called  Carthage, 

and  its  castle  is 

cyrcuyte  of  the  place  was  enuyronned  wyth  the  thonge  «a"cti  Biose. 

24  of  a  skynne   or  hyde,  as    to-fore  is  sayd.     xVnd    tlie 

casteH  of  the  touu  was  named  biose,  takynge  his  name   Derivation  of  the 
of  the  hide  of  an   oxe   /  whiche  they  liof  Tir  called 
burse  : 

28  rriHis  cyte  in  shorte  espace,  for  the  co»^modytees  of 
J-      the  same,  and  situacyon  plentyuows,  was  strongly 
enhabited  wyth  moche  folke  &  peple  /  Of  Avhom  dydo   di.io  is  Queen  of 
was  lady  &  quene,  and  gaaf  to  theym  lawes  &  mancre     '"  "^°*^' 

32  of  lyuynge,  and  gouernau«ce  of  goode  maners  /  & 
admynystred  entiore  iiistyce  to  hir  subgettis  /  in  hir 
hou.sholde  &  menaige  /  she  mayntencd  her  ryght 
honestly  /  And  the  purpose  of  hir  holy  chastite,  she 

36  enterteyned  &  kepte  wythoute  to  breke  it  /  thus  then/^e 


32 


DIDO    KEIGNS    PROSPEROUSLY    IN    CARTHAGE. 


[CH.  VII. 


CAP.  VII. 


Carthage 
floui'islies 
greatly. 


[*sign.  Ciiij] 


Fortune  never 
ullows  pros- 
perity  to  con- 
tinue long. 


The  King  of  the 
Musitaynes  or 
Moraydes  desires 
lier  in  marriage 
with  threats. 


clys.se,  presidente  as  quene  ouor  aH  the  people  /  cam  to 
liir  entente  desired  /  &  in  stede  of  Avepynges,  vnmesur- 
able  soi'owe  whiclie  she  had  suffrid,  &  had  ben  in  gret 
afflyction  in  Thir,  for  the  nephande  deth  of  hir  sayd  4 
somtyme  husbond  /  she  was  in  that  place,  cartage,  wel 
adourned,  of  vertues  /  wherof  thence  hir  good  fame  & 
renomee  florysshyng,  shone  &  resplendysshed  merueyl- 
loiisly  in  the  coutttreys  circu??2iacent  &  neyghbours,  in  8 
suchc  wy*se  that   they   Avhiche  had    lyued  after  the 
maner  of  that  couwtree,  whiche  was  all  dissonauwt  & 
dishoneste  in  regarde  of  that  of  dydo,  toke  the  guyse  / 
the  facons  /  &  the  industries  of  the  cartagj'ons,  in  12 
leuyng   their  au??cyent  customes  /  whiche  anon  after 
vanysshed  awaye  as  thei  neuer  had  be  vsed  /  But  this 
notwythsto?idynge,  fortune   inpacyente,   whiche   maye 
not  suffre  the  pe[r]sone  longe  to  dweHe  prosperous  /  ne  16 
good  werkes  wythout  enuye  /  sette  &  imposed  vnder 
the  feet  of  the  righte  chaste  quene,  thyng  slypper  & 
lubrik,  for  to  make  hir  to  ouerthrowe,  &  to  brynge  hir 
in-to  exyle  lacrymable  fro  the  i)lace  where  hir  glorye  &  20 
exaltacion    ought   to    be    replenysshed,    encreased,    & 
nianyfested.  for  lyke  as  euery  daye  the  beaulte,  chastyte 
&  prudence  augmented  vnto  all  nacions  strau;?gers  ferre 
&  nyghe  /  and  the  delectable  name  of  hir  cyte  grewe  24 
&  reysed  in  praysing  /  A  certayn  kyng  of  the  musi- 
taynes or  momydes,  neyghbour  to  that  cou»trey,  Avas 
right  feruently  esprised  in  y^  loue  of  this  quene,  then??e 
beyng  wydowe  /  as  sayd  is,  of  hir  firste  husbonde  sychee  /  28 
and    sente  to  some  prynces    of   that  cyte,  whom  he 
requyred  to  haue  this  quene  dydo  in  maryage  /  sayenge 
by  grete  menaces,  yf  he  had  her  not  /  that  he  sholde 
reduce  that  cyte  into  ruyne,  &  sholde  put  aH  the  people  32 
therof  in-to  exyle  /  This  thyng,  seenge  the  sayd  prynces, 
&  knowyng  the  ferme  purpos  permanablc,  whiche  y® 
quene   had   to    e/iterteyne    hir  pudeyque    chastyte   in 
perpetuaH  wydowhed  /  durst  not  at  y^  firste  manyfeste  36 


CH.   VII.]  dido's    nobles    press    IirCR    TO    JIAHRT    AGAIX.  33 

tlie  petycion  &  desire  of  the  sayd  Ivyng,  but  by  subtyl        cap.  vii. 
nieanes    e?(tendyng    to    drawc    from    hir    som    wordes 
seruynge  to  tlieyr  intencion  /  &  vpon  the  whiclie  they 
4  myghte  fynde  fou»dement  &  rayson  indycatyf  for  to 
moeue  therto  the  sayd  dydo  /  they  reported  to  hir  that   man's  imWes 

iiiisieinesent  the 

the  kynge,  for  to  lede  a  lyfe  more  honeste  /  demau?Kled  Kiii-,^ofthc 

Musiiaynes  to 

them  for  to  haue  some  prynce  of  thyre  or  thyrayn  /  for  iier. 
8  tenstructe  hyra  in  doctrynes  &  good  manners  &  con-     [*ciiij,  back] 
dycyons,  to  lyue  after  the  manere  of   theyr  con?2tre, 
whiche  to  hym  semed  more  lionest  &  aggreable  than 
his  owne  /  whiche  for  to  doo  they  knew  no  man  con- 

12  uenyent  &  p?"opyce,  for  so  moche  that  none  of  the 
cou//trey,  but  yf  he  were  co??streyned,  wolde  leue  his 
owne  londe  for  to  goo  vnto  suche  a  kynge,  that  vsed 
so  vyle  /  terryble  &  strauwge  lyf ;  And  alwaye,  yf  ther 

16  wente  none  to  hym  /  he  menaced  and  thretenyd  to  make 
wane  &  fyght  wyth  thoym,  Avherof  myght  faHe  otlier 
au?(ger  &  grete  peryl  to  their  newe  cyte.     The  whiche 
prynces,  the  queue  repreued  /  shewynge  to  theym  that,   pi,i„  repiovcs 

20  for  one  man  onely,  ought  not  be  cause  to  lose  aH  thother, 
&  to  habandou?ie  theyr  countrey  &  lyf  accustomed,  and 
to  vse  suche  as  beestes  sauage  doo  /  as  werkes  synystre? 
&  barbaircs  /  "  0  right  good  cytezeyns,  yf  it  happened   answers  timt 

tin;  man  wlio 

24  that  one  muste  deye  for  the  salute  &  wele  of  your  gives  hi.s  life  for 

the  public  good 

cou?«trey,  be  ye  not  concluded  so  to  doo  &  suffre  /  For   is  blest, 
lie  is  riglit  vnhappy,  that  for  his  partyculer  wele  wyH 
leue  y''  publike  &  comyn  wele  /  &  contrary  wyse,  he  is 
28  blessyd  that  leopardeth  hym  to  the  deth  for  y*  comen 
wele  of  his  cou?itrey  : " 


^f  How  a  kyng,  neyghbour  to  cartage,  dyde 

demau^zcle  to  wyfe  the  fayr  dydo,  quene 

32      of  ^  Cartage,  the  whiche,  for  the  loue  of  hir 

'  ori(i.  yf : 
ENEYDOS  "  D 


31     norcACCio's  story,    ninn  asks  three  months'  delay,    [en.  viii. 


Dido's  nobles 
then  tell  her 
she  is  soiiglit  in 
marriage  by  a 
neighbouring 
king,  and  they 
desire  her 
consent. 


Her  grief, 
[•leaf  Cr.l 


She  demands  3 
montlis'  delay, 


and  fortifies 
Carthage. 


She  curses  her 
beautv. 


late  husbond,  had  lieuer  to  slcc  lier  selfe, 
than  to  take  the  sajd  kynge. 

Capitulo.  viij 

ANd  theime  secyiig  the  sayd  wordes  seniynge  right  4 
v>'e\    to   theyr  piirpoos,  &  to    hir  preiudyce  / 
]S"otefyden  vnto  the  quene  /  how  the  sayd  kyng  had 
requyred  her  in  maryage  /  and  had  made  to  theyra  the 
sayd  menaces  /  in  caas  that  they  wolde  not  soo  accorde  8 
to  hyin.     The  whiche  knowleche  to  be  acliieued  in  the 
sentence  by  her  pronou??ced,  And    that  she  her  selfe 
was  cause  of  her  perdicyon,  byganne  moche  strongly 
in  flegyble  lamentacyon  to  catte  longe  by  dolour  and  12 
*  excessyue   soroAve,   the  swete   name    of  Acerbe   hir 
preterit  husbond  /  But  in  the  ende  they  hadde  deter- 
myned,  consyderynge  that  hit  myghte  be  none  other 
wyse,  but  she  muste  promyse  to  make  this  maryage  /  16 
the    whiche    she    accorded    to   theym,  and   helde   for 
greable  /  And  deinaunded  Induces  and  space  of  thre 
monetlies,     In    whiche    tynie    she    sholde    doo     her 
dylygence  for  to  accomplysshe  aHe  theyr  wyHes  /  In  20 
this  tyme  durynge,  as  it  maye  be  presupposed,  yf  ony 
deffence  was  in  the  cyte  whiche  was  not  sette   and 
ordeyned   in    couenable  fortyfycacyon  /  She   dyde   it 
incontynente  to  be  sette  in  poynt.     And  after  this,  she  24 
blamed   longe    her    beanlte,  in    cursyng   it   by   grete 
execracyon,  wyth  the  grete  enuye  that  fortune  hadde 
vpon  her,  and  the  loyous  aduentures,  and  prosperous, 
whiche  were  in  late  tyme  comen  to  her  /  So  that  the  28 
grete    playsaunce    whiche  she  hadde  taken  Avith    the 
swete  reste  of   her  though te  /  in  whiche  that  she  had 
repelled  thauaryce  of  hir  brother,  by  her  weH  happy 
fleeyng,^  and  her  noble  cyte  edyfied  newely  /  whiche  32 
thenne  was  accomplysshid,  &  wyth  grete    people  en- 
habyted,  aHe  subgette  and  obeyssauHt  vnto  the  lawes 
^  oriy.  fleeyiiig 


cii.  VIII.]     Boccaccio's  story,     dido  commits  suicide  publicly.     35 

of  her  seygnorye  /  tbenne  conuerted  and  chaunged  in-       cap.  viii. 
to  grete  anguysslie  myserable.     After  whan  the  teruie 
of  thre  monethis  approched,  the  lady  whiche  was  faHe 
4  ayen  in  lacrymous  and  playnyngc  sorowes  whiche  she   siic  is  in  great 
had  hadde  in  tyme  passed  for  the  deth  of  Sychee,  her   makos'aiarge 
somtynie  hu.sbonde,  Dyde  doo  hewe  doun  and  gadcr 
to  gyder  a  ryght  grete  multytude  of  busshes  and  woodo  / 
8  for  to  make  a  cruel   fyre  terryblo   and  mcrueyllous  in 
the  hieste  place  of  the  cyte  /  and   faynynge  to  male 
sacryfyce  in  the  pyetons  commemoracyon  playsaunte  to 
the  pryue  goddys  for  the  laste  obsequyes  of  the  funeral+e 

12  seruyce  of  Acerbe  or  Sychee,  her  sayd  husbonde,  In 

payenge  the  extreme  tribute  *of  remembraunce  ytera-   [*ieaf  c  5,  baci<] 

tyue  /  ne   other   wyse  in  ony  maner  the  fagottis   or 

woode  clouen  and  broken  /  toke   the   swerde  in    liir   on  wiiirh 

16  honde,  &  mounted  vp  aHe  on  hie  vpon  the  woode  redy    suicide, 
for  to  sette  on  fire,   in  the  presence  of  aH  the  pe})le. 
byholdyng  by  grete   admyracyou  what  she  wold  doo, 
bigan  to  say:  "my  ryght  good  citezpyns,  after  your 

20  ordynaunce  I  goo  to  the  man  ; "  that  is  to  saye,  that  she 
was  disposed  to  goo  and  marye  her  to  the  kyng  for- 
named  /  &  sodaynly  aH  attones  she  lete  her  selfe  faHe 
vpon  the  poynt  of  the  swerde  /  whiche  termyned  & 

24  ended  in  that  hour  hir  lyf.    Thenne  for  the  deth,  &  liir 
ijznocente    blood    whiche    maculate    &    bysprange    aH 
theym  that  stode  by,  she  extyrped  aH  thynges  sinystre   to avoiri maniagc 
whiche  had  mowe  tome  in  preiudyce   of  the  cyte  &   peojiie. 

28  peple  of  cartage,  for  the  reffuse  of  y*^  same  maryage  / 
yf  any  wolde  haue  gaynsayd  it  /  The  whiche  thyng 
seenge,  they  of  cartage  co?isideryng  the  charge  soo  cruel 
whiche  the  sayd  sorowful  lady  had  suffred  for  to  kepe 

32  hir  cyte  &  the  cytezeyns  viihurt  &  exempt  from 
oppressyo?JS  of  y*^  peple  barbaryke  /  in  whom  they 
were  subco?/^bed  by  cause  of  the  sayd  mariage,  yf  ony 
had  be  made  /  maden  grete  wepynges  &   right  long 

3G  lamentac^ons    in    lacrymous    playntis,  syghyngos,   by- 

D  2 


36 


t»IDO    AVORSniPPED    AS    A    GODDESS.       HEK    EUI.OGIUM.        [CH.   VIII. 


CAP.  VIII. 


Dido  is  greatly 
lamented,  and 
afterwards  wor- 
sliijiped  as  a 
goddess. 


[*  leaf  G  6] 


Tims  says 
lioceaecio. 


wayllenges,  &  other  sorowfuH  wordes.     Tlien?;e  all  the 
peple  were  cortcluJed  &  brought  to,  hy  cause  of  the 
deth  of  theyr  queue  dydo  /  bywayliyng  &  halowyng 
funei-aH  exequyes  contynuel  by  many   dayes  /  longe  4 
tynie  after  bi  grete  waiHyuges,  in  pyetous  remenibrau??co 
of  theyr  ryght  goode  quene  /  whom  they  caHyd  from 
then?ie  forth  on  moder  of  theyr  cou??trey  /  &  enforsed 
theym  to  attribute  att"  honours  humaynes  &  deuynes  8 
by  manere  of  the  cruelte   of  hir  deth  /  whiche  hath 
broughte  thynges  weHe  fortuned  to  the  prosperous  lyf 
of  hir  cytezyns,  was  by  theym  in  pj'etous  commemo- 
racyon  recompensed  /  And  after  that  they  hadde  ryght  12 
affectuously  *reco?nmaunded   her   vnto   the    souerayn 
goddis,  and  inferyours  /  that  she  myghte  be  blessyd  as 
longe  as  cartage  sholde  abyde  inuyncyble  /  And  they 
shold  make  temples  &  aultres  dedyed  &  halowed  in  hir  IG 
name  /  In  whiche  she  sholde  be  eubraced  &  honowrod 
as  a  "oddesse. 


Praise  or 
rulogimii  on 
Didii  dying-  to 
save  her  euuntr}'. 


^  A  comendacyon  to  dydo  :  Csi^itidfim  ix 

Othe  fortytxide  viryle  of  wymmen,  or  loos  &  pryce  20 
of  chastyte  femynyue,  digne  &  worthi  of  honour, 
celebreed  &  magnyfied  in  grete  loange  &  preysynge, 
wythoute  ende  perpetuel.  thou  louest,  &  haste  lieuer  to 
submyse  to  fortune  aduenturous  of  deth  cruel,  for  to  24 
kepe   thy    pudyke    chastyte    vnhurte,    wythoute    ony 
spotte  /  than  to  rendre  or  yelde  thy  selfe  in  applycacion 
of  lyf  peryssliable  to  dyshonoure,  ne  to  make  foul  the 
holy  purpose  of  thy  castymonye  /  by  thu??true  note  of  28 
lubryke  &  slypper  luxurye  /  0  quene  /  ryght  venerable, 
wyth  one  onely  stroke  /  thou  haste  AvyHed  to  termyne 
and  fynysshe  thy   labours  mortaH  /  By  whiche  thou 
hast  goten  fame  &  reno?»mee  eternal  of  the  grete  kyng  32 
barbaryn  /  by  whom  he  is  repressed  fio  his  lybidynous 
desire   /    the    couwtrcy    is    in   surety,  delyuerd   from 
batayHe  by   thy  ryght  dolorouse    deth,  whiche  hatha 


en.  IX.]  Boccaccio's  stoky.     eulogium  on  dido.  37 

quenched  the  play-sau/iit  fygure  of  thy  grete  beaulte.  by        cav.  ix. 

thy  fruytful  deth,  &  placable  to  theuhabytants  of  thy 

noble  cyte,  hast  destyHed  the  blood  resplendysshanwt   Eiiio-iimi  ,<u 

Diilo. 

4  yssuynge  uHe  oute  of  thy  breste  chast  &  not  corrupte, 
ill  tytlo  flourysshynge  of  thy  loange  /  preysynge  /  & 
good  reno?/imee  /  of  whom  the  spyrite,  by  thy  lyf 
fynys.shed  so  moche  made  fair  wyth  sorow  myrifyke, 

8  -was  tra/islated  to  the  sieges  &  contrees  thcrto  ordeyned 
after  thi  denierites  /  To   the,  thenne,  in  aH  affection  Praver  to  Dido 

in  heaven 

crayntyue.  I  addresse  my  thoughte  deprecatyue  /  Yf  in 

ony  wyse  that  haste  strengthe  or  puyssaunce  towarde 

12  the  goddys  of  hyglie  magestye  in  theyr  pryue  mansyon, 

whyche  for  *tlie,  wylle  some  thynge  doo  /  that  it  maye    [MeafC  (\Uu-k] 
playse  the  to  entende  to  the  correction  of  the  maners   to  reform  the 

,    ,       ,  ,    T-  ,  ,  1  IP  1  evil  nmnners  of 

lubryke   /  inconstauwte    and    euyl,    of    our   niatrones  luudem  matrons 
IG  inpudike  and    folyshe    /   and   to  rendre    theym  from 
theyr  lacyuyte,  iu-to  pudike  /  niystike,  and  shainefaste 
chastyte  /  and   in-to   benygne  &  uery   obedyence,  so 
moche  that  they  abyde  wyth  the  /  in  thy  name  and 
20  fame  venerable  /  The  whiche,  wythoute  eude  knowyng 
eterneHy,  we   maye  see  by    thy  merytes  thoneste   of 
chaste  clennesse  maternaHe  to  be  augmented  &  growe 
in  honour. 
24  rS^He  whiche  caas  here  presupposed,  is  in  accordaunce  Boccaccio's  and 

I  1  •   1  Virgil's  stories 

JL       ynouiihe,  whiche  speketh  of  the  lycfna^e    and  are  the  same  up 

-'  "^       '  ^  ./DO  to  tlie  founding 

maryage  of  dydo   /   Of   the   deth   also   pcrpetred  by  of  Carthage. 
pygmalyon,  kynge  of  Thir,  in  the  persone  of  Sychee, 

28  firste  husboude  of  the  sayd  Elysso  or  dj-do.  And  after, 
of  her  departynge  /  of  the  maner  of  doynge.  How  after 
she  bare  awaye  the  tresours  of  her  somtyme  husbondo 
Acerbe.  and  of  her  comynge  in-to  Lybye,  vpon  the 

32  ryuage  of  the  see  in  the  place  where  she  byganne  firsto 
to  edyfye  Cartage,  And  of  the  fortunes  aduo]ituroupc 
whiche  happened  in  that  soo  makynge,  that  byft'Ho  to 
her  and  to  theyiu  of  theyr  companye     IT  But  for  to 

36  shewe  the  difference  that  1  fynde  of  the  deth  of  the 


38 


VIRGIL  S    STORY.       JUNO  S    HATRED    OF    AENEAS. 


[CII.  IX. 


CAP.  IX. 


Vii-j^il's  version 
of  Dido's  story. 


Persecution  of 
Aeneas  on  liis 
voyage  by  Juno, 


on  account  of 
Paris's  judg- 
ment. 


[*  leaf  C  7] 


Slie  engages 
Aeolus  and  Nep- 
tune to  raise  a 


storm  to  hinder 
Aeneas's  voyage, 


])roniising  theiu 
rewards. 


si^yd  dyJo  /  I  shaH  relierce  here  aftci-  now  in  a  notlier 
nianer,  wliiche  is  to  be  presupposed  was  moeued  of  the 
grete  hate  &  enil  wyH  that  Iiino  thegoddesse  co?iceyued 
ayenst  parys  /  his  fre?idis,  parents  /  &  alyes.  and  by  4 
cause  of  oiier  sodayn  iugeme/^t  tliat  he  made  /  whan  he 
gaaf  tliapple  to  \enus,  as  the  moste  fayrest  of  theym 
aH  /  Sc  to  him  Jiolden  &  moost  dere.  bycause  of  whiche 
hate  /  whan  eneas,  sone  of  venus,  &  nygh  kynnesman  8 
of  paris  wold  departe  from  troye  /  after  the  siege  of 
y*^  same,  for  to  goo  into  the  conquest  of  the  prouynce  of 
ytaly,  to  hym  promysed  by  the  goddis  at  request  of  his 
moder;  &  luno,  y*^  ryght  noble  *goddesse,  wyHynge  12- 
tempesshc  and  lette  his  gooynge  /  dyd  doo  caiie  and 
assemble  yolus  and  [ISTeptunus,  goddis  of  the  wyndes 
and  of  the  see,  prayenge  &  exhortynge  theym  moche 
swetely,  that  it  myghte  playse  eche  of  theym  to  putte  16 
theym  in  payne,  &  doo  theyr  deuoyr,  to  empesshe  the 
goynge  of  the  sayd  enterpryse,  and  makynge  to  breke 
and  destroye  aHe  the   nauye,  in  plongynge  vnder  the 
water  and    pareHys  ayenst  the   rochcs,  for  hastely  to  20 
drowne  and  destroye  aHe  the  hooste  of  Enee,  the  sone 
of  venus,  whiche  enforced  hym  to  make  werre  in  the 
goode  Eoyalme    of   ytalye,  whiche  Avas  in  his   desire 
pryncypaHy  aboue  aHe  other.     In  whiche  thynge  soo  24 
doynge,  she  wolde  rewarde  theym  wyth  suche  guerdons 
as    apperteyneth  to  grete  and   hie  goddys  to  be  sty- 
pended  /  and  shaH  doo  honoure  to  theyr  frendes  /  and 
treate  theyr  lygnage    and    veray  alyes  /   and  socoure  28. 
theym  wyth  aHe  hir  myghte  /  whiche  that  the  goddys 
liadde  graunted  to  hir  right  gladly.     And  they  made 
theyr  preperacyon,  eueryche  in  his  regyon  /  for  to  warre 
vpon  Eneas  : 


CU.  X.]         VIliGIL  :    AENEAS'S    FLEliT    OVERTAKEN    BY    A    TEMPEST.  39 

CAP.  X. 

^  How  luno,  for  tempesshe  thooste  of  Eneas 

vvliiche  wolde   haue   goou  in  to  ytalye  / 

prayd    the    goddys     of    wyndes    /    that 

4      eueryche  by  hym  selfe  sholde  make  con- 

cussyon  and  tormente  in  the  ayer. 

Capitulo       X? 

EN'eas  themie  sailynge  bi  the  see,  Avas  recountrcd 
by  volus,  whiclie  smote  Avythin  the  sayHes  "I'ete   Aeneas's  fleet  is 

J  J  ^  -^  .;  o  overtiikeii  by  a 

jissaultes,  efFortes  &  batayHes  iu  many  mauers  /  And   dit-adfiii  tempest 
made  to  come  the  foure  Avindes  to  gyder  /  one  ayenst 
another,  wyth  aH:  theyr  sequele  /  Of  whom  was  sur- 

12  prysed  aH  the  nauye,  and  terry ble  troubled  U  There 
myghte  ye  see  sayles  rente,  Cordes  and  ropes  broken. 
And  crampons  of  yron  wrythen  a  sondre  and  plucked 
oute.  the  shyppes  *&  vassayHes  lyfte  vppe  highe  in  the    [*ii^^af  t'  7,  back] 

16  ayer  /  and  after  pliu^ged  in  the  see  in  sucli  wyse  that 
neuer  was  seen  suche  a  merueyHe  /  On  that  other  syde 
cam  vpon  theym  ISTeptunus  wyth  aH  his  vorages,  &   raisefi  by  Yoius 
wawes  aHe  fuH  of  scume  /  as  a  wulfe  enraged  brayeng 

20  in  the  botome  of  the  see,  his  grete  guHe  or  throte  wyde 
opene  /  redy  to  swolowe  &  to  deuoure  aHe  thooste, 
cryenge  &  brayenge  vnder  the  shippes,  temppcstes 
horrible  of  the  woode  see  /  oiite  of  whome  yssued  in-to 

24  thayer  on  hie  a  clowde,  and  after  decended  impetuously 
vpon  the  flote,  whiche  senied  somtyme  aHe  to  be 
drowned  &  couerde  wyth  water  /  And  anone  after,  they 
were  lyfte  vp  on  hie  wyth  the  wawes  /  whiche  sodaynly 

28  braken  &  departed  /  that  aHe   the  nauye  descended  violence  of  tuc 

storm  described. 

nyghe  to  the  bottom  of  the  see  /  whiche  were  anone 
rccuycHed  by  other  wawes,  &  remysed  in  a  momente  vp 
on  Bighe  /  and  separed  &  transported  in-to  dyuerso 
32  places.  And  in  dyuerse  wyscs  were  tormented  wyth- 
outc     hope    of    socours    /   Longe    tyme     durod     this 


40 


AENEAS's    FLEET    WUECKED    ON    THE    COAST    OF    LYCIA.       [CH.  X. 


CAP.  X. 


Anchises  is  lost 
in  the  storm. 


Aeneae's  fleet, 
sadly  shattered, 
arrives  on  the 
coast  of  Lybia. 


[»leaf  CS] 

Tlie  strangers  are 
kindly  received 
by  Dido,  who 
becomes  enam- 
oured of  Aeneas. 


His  beauty  and 
noble  qualities 
are  here 
described. 


troublous     tormcnte    /    wliiche     caused  grote    fere    & 
drede    vnto  the  coii?itreys    nygli   neygbbonrs,  &    also 
ferre  of.     This  assemblee,  the  whiche  after  grete  losse 
&  perdicyon,  as  weH   of  Anchises,  fader  of  Eneas,  as  4 
otlier  dyuerse  /  and  also  fortunes  Avhiche  longe  be  to 
recyte,  passed   /  The  nauye  arryued  almoste  aHe   to- 
broken  vpon  the  coste  of  the  see  of  lybye,  nygh  the  sayd 
place  of  Cartage  /  whiche  Elysse  dyd  doo  edyfie  /  by  8 
grete  and  subtyH  nioyens,  of  the  whiche  I  passe  ouer  / 
And  in  descendynge  and  comynge  a  lande  in  to  that 
countrey,   was   reculed   and   receyued   by   dydo.  And 
opteyned  her  grace  for  to  soiourne  for  to  refresshe  alle  12 
his  people  and  his  nauie    H  In  whiche  doynge,  he  toke 
grete   acqueyntaunce    /    and    ofte   repayred    vnto   the 
palays  /  and  wyth  the  ladyes  byhaued  him  soo  queyntli 
swete  and  curtoys  /  plesaunte  and  amyable,  *fayT  and  16 
well  byspoken  /  merueyllous  hardy  in  fayttes  /  a  grete 
enterpryser,   loued   of    aHe   men,    &    preysed    of   his 
people  y  he  was  moche  noble  /  and  a  ryght  fayr  persone. 
by  cause  wherof,  dydo  toke  grete  playsir  in  his  con-  20 
uersacyon  /  and   deuysed  wyth  him   moche   gladely  / 
wherof  folowed  that  she  was  greuously  hurte  wyth  the 
darte  of  loue  /  And  the  wounde  nonrysshed  by  longe 
tyme  enbraced  wyth  the  SAvete  assemble  inuyncible  in  24 
hyr  stomacke,  considerynge  the  grete  vertues  of  whiche 
his  persone   Avas  decorate  /  his  noblenes  &  honour  of 
the    peple    of   Troye  /   his   grete    beaulte    &    swete 
langage  /  whiche  she  e??prynted  in  her  remembrau?ice  /  28 
that  her  membres  ref  useden  the  swete  reste  of  slepe  / 
And  kepte  this  thoughte  in  her  selfe  by  ryght  longe 
tyme,  in  suche  a  wyse  /  that  in  a  mornynge  /  after  that 
the  lyghte  of  the  daye  rebouted  &  putte  a  backe  the  32 
shadowe  of  the  nyglite  aboute  the  lampe  /  and  the  sonne 
rysen  for  to  shyne  on  the  erthe, 


CII.  XI.]       DIDO    CONFESSES    HER    LOVE    TO    IlEU    SISTER    ANXA.  41 

^  How  dydo  coui^seyHid  \vyth   hir   suster      cap.xi. 
anne  :  Cai^itidum.  xj 

THis  lady  bythoughte  herselfe,  and  purposed  to  dys- 
coure  and  manyfeste  her  faytte  vnto  one  hir  suster, 
\vliiche  "was  named  in  that  tyme  Anne,  sayenge  to  hir 
in  this  manere  /  "  Anne,  my  suster  and  frende,  I  am  in 
ryght  gret  thoughte  strongely  troubled  and  incyted  / 
8  by  dremes    admonested,   whiche   excyte   ray   courage  Dido  confesf=es 

lier  love  to  lier 

tenquire  the  maners  &  lygnage    of    this    man    thus  sister  Anna. 
valyau«t  /  strong  /  &  puyssau?;t  /  "whiche  deliteth  hym 
strongly  to  speke   /   in  deuysing   the   hie    fayttes  of 

12  amies  &  perillj^s  dau??gerous  Avhiche  he  sayth  to  haue 
passed  /  ne-weli  hither  comyn  to  soiourne  in  our 
cou??treys.  I  am  so  persuaded  of  grete  admonestments 
that  all  my  entevKlement  is  obfusked  /  enduHyd  and 

16  rauysshed  /  I  byleue  certaynly  that  the  man  of  whome  She  tiiinks  ti.at 

,  Aeneas  ninst  be 

I  speke   to   you  ys  nyghe  kynne  and   parent   of   y*   of  divine  biitii. 

goddis  /  or  that  verytable  by  one  comyn  asse?i(tmente 

*they  haue  assembled  theym  selfe  to  destyne  his  berthe   [*ieaf  c  s,  back] 

20  in  delyuerynge  and  gyuyng  to  hym  attone  aHe  the 
highe  vertuouse  yeftes,  ■whiche  nature  hath  of  custume 
partyculerly  to  yeue  to  dyuerse  creatures  /  and  maye 
be  supposed  that  she  hatha  produced  hym  in  excellent 

2-i  dygnyte,  for  to  make  one  fayer  chief  -werke  /  to 
thexemplayre  of  aHe  other  /  For  they  whiche  ben 
borne  of  basse  parentage,  ben  ouer  nioche  ferdcful  &  siie  describes 

those  of  base 

couuerte  in  theyr  fayttes  /  and  drede  theym  fleynge,  lineage, 
28  and  kepe  theym  oute  of  the  palayces  &  courtes  of  grete 
lordes  /  And  yf  it  happen  theym  to  entre,  anone  they 
rctournc  or  hide  theym  in  corners  vnder  the  tapytes,  or 
byhinde  the  grete  fote  of  the  yate,  for  to  yssue  and  goo 
32  oute  first  wythoute  makyng  ony  bruyt  or  medlynge,  ne 
seche  nothyng  but  thyssue  for  to  flee,  yf  there  were 
ony  medlee  /  ne  neuer  by  theym  was  there  ony 
valyan^cc  proued,  as  it  is  sayd  /  Lut  god  forbedc  that 


42  UIDO'S    CONFESSION    OF    HER    LOVE    FOR   AENEAS.  [cil.  XI. 

CAP.  XI.        it  may  be  sayd  of  Eneas,  that  fortune,  vaynquyssheur  of 
grete  batayHes,  comynge  to  tlie  chief  of  aHe  enterpryses, 
to  haue  reproche  by  ony  of  our  sayd  wordes  /  For  yf  it 
[1 /o)- if  that  it]    that^  ne  were  that  I  haue  purposed  ferniely  in  my  4 
No  one  since         courage  to  abydc  and  be  in  wydowliede  aHe  the  tyme 
of  my  lyf  /  after  the  deth  dolourouse  &  cursid  of  my 
somtyme  husbonde    Sychee,   whiche   bare   awaye   my 
firste   loue    wyth   hym  /  whan  he   was  leyde   vnder  8 
therthe,  by  thenuyous  remors  &  greuous  remembrau??ce 
of  my  passed  maryage,  wherin  I  haue  had  so  many 
goodes  of  honour  and  curtosie,  of  whome  the  reniem- 
brau?^ce  sleeth  me  &  scourgeth  me  alway  /  I  sholde  12 
lyghtly   haue   consented  to   thallyau/iice   of  this  man, 
Anne,  I   confesse  for  trouth  that,  sith   the  myserable 
deth  of  Sycheus,  &  wyckcd  to  saye,  cowimysed  in  the 
hous   of  my  broder  /  of  whiche  the  goddys  be    alie  16 
ims  moved  her      maculate  /  This  man  onely  hath  molyfyed  my  Avyttes, 

heart  but  AeiR'iis,  i  i       i      i    n  j>  n      i  i 

and  perturbed  the  corage  oi  myn  opynyon  nrste,  and 
[•sign.  Dj]       liathe  *  reduced  to  remembrau?ice  the  delycyouse  traces 

of  myn  auncyent  loue.  But  not  for  that  /  I  de^^ire  and  "20 
wysshe  that  erste  thabysme  of  thobscure  erthe  swolowe 
me  /  or  the  grete  fader  almyghty  to  plonge  and  sub- 
merge me  vnder  the  botomes  of  the  depe  palusshe 
infernaHe,  rather  than  to  my  pudyque  chastyte  sholde  24 
be  doon  by  me  ony  wronge  ne  vyolence  /  nor  that  thy 
ryght  I  sholde  contrarye  nor  breke,  for  no  thynge  that 
euer  can  happe  to  me  by  no  maner  wyse  in  thys  worlde  / 
but  she  will         Alas,  he  that  me  spoused  firste  /  hath  my  lotie  entiei'ly  28 

still  be  faitliful 

to  her  old  love,  wyth  hym  /  wherof  inreuocable  a  yefte  I  doo  make  to 
hym ;  soo  byseche  I  hym  to  kepe  hit  wele  wythin  his 
graue  vnder  the  colde  uiarbyl  stone,  and  not  to  be 
separed  from  his  soule."  This  requeste,  sighynge,  made  32 
she  to  hym  /  and  tendrely  wepynge,  called  ayen  the 
olde  sorowe,  whiche  smote  and  wou?^ded  her  to  the 
herte,  so  moche  that  the  bosome  of  that  sorowf  ul  lady 
was  cntyerly  Eeplenysshed  aHe  wyth  tceres  :  36 


en.  XII. ]  ANNA    EXCOUHAGES    DIDO    TO    LOVE    AENEAS.  43 


^  Tilansuer   of   Anne    to  liir   siister   dydo      cap.  xn. 

Cainf/d/fm.  xij 

THau  Anne,  her  benygne  suster  /  hauynge  pyte  of 
her  sorowe,   consideringe  the  waye   sahitary  to   Anna  cnrounipcs 

'      .        Dido's  lovo  for 

rcuerte  sooue  her  sorow  in-to  gladnessc  /  sayil  to  hir  in  Aeneas,  ami 
this  manere.  "  0  suster,  more  loued  of  me  than  the 
lyghte  iHumyned  wyth  grete  bryghtues  /  How  haste 
8  thou  deterinyned  to  lyue  alone,  consumyng  thyn 
yongthe  in  perpetuaH  heuynessel  Eemembre  the  of 
the  swete  dysportynges.  the  grete  consolacions  and 
loyfuH  playsures  wherby  the  children  reioyisshen  their 

12  moders  /  the  swete  kysshynges  and  the  fayr  pase-tynie 
that  they  take  therat  /  Also  the  ioye  and  consolacyon 
that  the  men  do  on-to  theyr  swete  spouses,  putte  awaye 
this  sorowe  /  thees  lanientacyons,  thees  grete  sighynges 

16  and  sorowful  teeres  :  take  ayen  corage,  and  make  thy 
selfe  ferine  Avyth  hope  /  Troweste  thou  that  the  bones 
of  Sycheus,  or  his  tombe  /  the  *shadowe  of  his  soule.    [*sign.  Dj  backj 
take  peyne,  or  care,  to  kepe  thy  loue  /  thynke  it  not  no- 

20  more  than  the  sperkeH  yssuyng  oute  of   the  fyre  wyth 
the  smoke  /  whiclie  is  soone  reduced  and  broughte  to 
nough;e,  wythout  to  haue  ony  vygoure  more,  ne  other  assures  her  that 
puyssaiuite,  to  make  fyre,  lyghte,  nor  flamme  /  Lyke   uution^™nie  of 

24  wyse  whan  the  soule  of  Sycheus  was  oute  of  the  body,   Sychajus  now. 
and  from  hym  separed  /  aHe  his  wcrkes  and  wordly 
voluptees  were  extyncted  and  broughte  to  nought  /  Nor 
wyth  hym  remayneth  nother  free  arbytre  or  wyHe  of 

28  goode  or  euyli  /  care  ne  solycytude  of  thy  louc  /  And 
yf  thou  wylte  lyue  in  sorowe  &  heuynesse,  or  that 
otherwysc  were  /  that  thou  dydeste  maryc  /  and 
Avoldeste  A'se  thy  dayes  in  maryage,  aHe  is  to  hym  as 

32  ryght  noughte  /  and  no  tliyng  there  nys  that  coude 
Icttc  hym,  or  doo  hym  ony  socours  /  but   onoly  the 


44        ANNA 
CAP.  XII. 


No  i>iie  can 
rest  ore  the  deM 
to  life. 


If  no  other  king 
or  prince  have 
ever  moved  her 
before,  wliy 
should  Dido 
resist  this 
inclination  ? 


[*  sign.  D  ij] 


Then  licr  defence- 
less situation, 


URGES  DIDO  TO  YIELD  TO  HEU  LOVE  FOR  AENEAS.      [CH.   XII. 

meiyttes  of  the  werkes  by  hym  made,  conuersynge  in 
tliis  woiltlc   /  Nor   nouglite  for   somoche,   that    thou 
makcst  caHynges,  complayntes,  shighynges  /  and  lament- 
acyons  f  uii  of  reuthes  noyous,  vpon  a  dampnable  mynde  4 
and  folysshe  remembraunce  of  thynges  that  ben  inpos- 
syble.  thou  canste  not  draws  nor  brynge  oute  of  the 
infemaHe  mansions  the  soules  of  whome  the  shadowes, 
or   otherwyse   the   asshes  /  ben    wythin   the   tombes  8 
separed  from  the  bones,  for  to  reuyue  and  putte  hem 
ayen  in-to  tlie  bodyes  louge  syn  destroyed  &  conuerted 
in-to  pouldcr  /  Syth  that  it  is  so  /  and  also  of  that 
other  side,  that  neuer  man,  how  grete  a  lorde  that  he  12 
were,  kynge   Yarbas,   pygmalyon    of    thyre  /  they  of 
libye  /  many  other  of  Affryque,  the  ryche  countrey  that 
noryssheth  soo  many  prynces  /  myghte  neuer  moeue  thy 
courage  to  be  byloued  of  the,  And  that  to  this  man  16 
whiche  is  so  moche  reno??imed  /  preu  and  valyaii?«t, 
thy  wytte  is   enclyned  in   swete   loue,  wythoute  ony 
contraryete  of  free  wyHe  that  ther  vnto  admonesteth 
the,   wyH  thou  coy/auytte  &  *  vndresette  thy  lyberal  20 
arbytre  to  thynges  Impossyble,  Repulsynge  ayenst  the 
incitacyons    moeued    by     natureH    dyleclion,    whiche 
co??imen  of   thy  self,  with   out  ony  othre  induction? 
Hast  thou  proposed  to  moeue  werre  ayenst  thy  persone  /  24 
gaynsayng    thyn    owne   wiHe  /  inclined   to   the   loue 
desyred  /  In  plaisaunt  Eemembraunce  of  suche  a  prince 
puyssaunt,  dygne  of  this  meryte  /  Haue  in  mynde  and 
recordaunce  the  setuacyon  of  thy  cyte,  newely  fowu?Kled  28 
in  this  lande  enio//g  the  most  crueH  folke  of  the  world e. 
thou  hast  at  the  one  syde  the  citees  and  the  people 
getules  /  whiche  ben  fulke  insuperable,  Eyght  daunger- 
ouse  in  batayHes,  and  inuyncible  in  armes  /  atte  the  32 
other  syde  ben  the  myro^des,  that  aie  folke  Avitliout 
Eule  and  without  mesure  /  And  than  the  Cirte  regyon 
and  the  deserte  countrey,  whiche  is  aH:  inhabited  by 
defawte  of  folkcs  illodes  or  ryuers  that  shulde  tempre  36 


CH.  XII.]       ANNA    snows    DIDO    THE    NEED    OF    AEXEAS's    HELP.  45 

tlie  erthe  that  is  oR  drye,  and  as  Jccl  for  tliurst  /  After,        cap.  xii. 
is  the  people  of  Barches,  aH  f  uriouse  and  vagau??t    In  her  dangerous 

neiglibours. 

the  countrees,  Haiiynge  noo  cevtaine  mansyon  to  dAveHe 
4  Inne  /  And  more,  tliere  is  the  Region  of  thire,  wherfrom 
"\ve  haue  wythdrawen  and  hrought  fiirtyuely  aH  this 
people  that  we  haue  /  AVhiche  sliaH  mowe  of  lyght 
aryse,  and  make  Averre  ayenst  the,  with  the  helpe  of  thy 
8  germayn  Pygmalyon,  whiche  the  wolde  haue  frustred 
of  the  grete  tresours  &  Eyehesses  that  he  awaytcth  to 
haue  of  thy  soratyme  husbande  Sychee  /  Thynke  in 
thy  self,  who  shaHe  mowe  the  deffende,  a  woman  aH 

12  alone  /  ayenst  somoche  folke,  without  eny  other  helpe 
of  so??im  prynce  puyssaunt?  In  certayne  I  byleue 
truly  that  the  goddes  in  their  destynacycs  haue  fauour- 
isshed  tlie  weH   with    luno,  y'  grete  goddesse,  for  to 

16  transporte  in-to  this  regyon  y*^  ryche  nauye  of  troye  /   wimt  a  defcnpe 
thynke,  my  suster,  what  shalbe  of  thy  cyte,  &  in  what  alliance  be!'""'"' 
domynac/on  *  puj'ssauute  shaHe  thy  Royame    be,   by   [« sign,  d  ij  back] 
the  alyaunce  of  one  soo  grete  a  maryage  /  Consyderynge 

20  the  glorye  and  honour  of  Cartage,  whan  she  shaHe  be 
loyned  Avyth  the  troians  /  and  by  theym  defended  / 
AVhere  is  he  that  shaHe  be  soo  myghty  for  to  vnder- 
take   to    make   warre   ayenste   the,  thus   alyed  /  take 

24  agayne  courage,  ryght  welbyloued  suster,  &  putte  oute 

of  thy  remembiau//.ce  y*"  fortunes  passed  /  crye  mercy   ^pt  Dido  try  to 
vnto  the  goddis,  yf  by  ony  wyse  afore  this  tliou  hast  gods] 
offended  theym  /  prayng  theym  that  it  wolde  playse 

28  theym  to  be  vnto  y*"  i  fauorable  to  the  perfourmyng  of 
this  alyaunce  /  atyse  &  drawe  theym  by  sacrifyces  / 
liequestes  &  oblacyous  of  herte  contryte,  &  carefuH 
thoughts ;  &  be  desirous  to  serue  theym,  aH  thynges 

32  layde  a  side,  in  that  /  whiche  thou  shalte  mowe  knowe 
vnto   theym    aggreable.       Aduyse    for    to    fynde    the 
meancs  to  make  Eneas  to  abyde  /  deuy.^ynge  vnto  hym,   ^^d  i.rvKu.ade 
that  he  oughte  to  doo  soo  /  Seyiige  and  coiisiderynge  ttey!^^^" 
1  thee 


CAP.  XII. 

Anna  sliows  Dido 
how  the  stormy 
season  is  a]>- 
proacliing. 


iG       ANNA  ENDS  HER  PERSUASIONS.       THE  SISTERS  SACRIFICE.    [CH.  SIII. 

the  Avynter  that  is  aHe  dystempred,  the  grote  orages, 
the  sygne  of   Oryoii  that  rendreth   the  watres  to  be 
proude  and  crueHe  /  Also  the  shippcs  that  ben  arte 
erased  of  the  grete  tornenientes  that  haiie  hurte  theym  4 
here  byfore,  saylyng  in  the  see,  The  influences  of  the 
heuens  so  spytefuH  /  &  dyuerse  contradyction  moeuable, 
one  apposite  ayenst  another,  causynge  dyuersite    per- 
turbatyffc  in  the  lowe  elementes  /  wliiche  niyghte  be  8 
cause  of  his  destruction,  yf  he  vndeitoke  ony  vyage  atte 
this  tyme,  passinge  the  see  from  one  lande  to  a  nother  / 
By  these  Raysons,  and  other  that  by  the  desirous  affec- 
tyon  of  thy  wylle  shaHe  be  vnto   the  aduysed   and  12 
shewed,  to  the  perfectyon  of  thys  thynge,  thou  shalte 
mowe  peruerte  the  oppynyon  of  Eneas  for  to  seiourne 
in  this  countrey,  that  byfore  was  aHe  deterinyned  for 
to  goo."     The  whiche  *thynges,  &  other  persuasions  16 
sernynge  to  the  mater  whiche  enflamed  the  corage  of 
Elysse,  esprysed  wyth  brennyng  loue  towarde  Enee  / 
gaue  a  stedfast  hope  to  her  sorowfuH  thoughte,  leuynge 
by  dyspense  abstractyue  /  her  first  vowes  of  chastyte  20 
promysed  / 


[*  s-gn.  D  iij] 


Dido  thinks  of 
abandoning  her 
Vow  of  celibacy. 


The  sisters. 
Dido  and  Anna, 
sacrifice  to 
Ceres,  Juno,  &c. 


%    How    Eneas,    aftre    grete    fortunys    of 
the  see,  anyiied  in  cartage ;    And  How 
dydo,  for  his  swete  behauoure  and  fayre  24 
spekynge,  was  esprised  of  his  loue. 

Capitulo  /  xiij. 

BOthe  togidre  of  one  assente,  wente  the  two  sustres  ^ 
fore  named,  to  the  synagoges  and  temples,  where  28 
bifore  the  aulters  thei  offred  sacrifices  with  grete  sup- 
plycacyons  and  prayers  /  and  slewe  sheep  weders  for 
to  doo  sacrefyces  destynated  vnto  the  noble  goddesse 
Ceres,  to  Appolyn,  and  to  Bachus  /  and  specyally  vnto  32 
Juno,  the  goddesse  of  wedlocke  /  whiclie  is  lady  /  mas- 
^  orig.  sus-sustres 


CH.  XIII.]  DIDO    I.S    MADLY    IN    LOVE    WITH    AKXKAS.  47 

tresse,  and  wardeyne,  of  tlie  connexes  or  bondes  amini-  cap.  xiii. 
cules  /  to  whome  they  offred  in  pacifiqne  Imniolacion  a 

■white  cowe,  hy-twix  the  homes  of  the  -whiclie  /  Dydo,  pido  pom-s  the 

4  by  grete  deuocyon,  sliedde  the  fyole  fuHe  of  the  holi  tiuMviuto  cow's 

lioius. 

libacion  /  makynge  the  consecracion  oucr  the  sacryfyce, 
there  dedied  and  doon  in  diuerse  wise,  by  solemnyte 
menieyHouse,  aftre  the  custome  that  was  vsed  at  tliat 
8  tyme  /  Dydo  wyth  her  su.ster  Anne  ^  Avent  In  to  the 
temples  and  symulacres,  knelynge  before  the  awtcrs, 
makynge  Eequestes  and  prayers,  and  aftre  loked  In  to 
the  entraylles  Interiores  of  the  bestes  there  slayne  / 

12  For  to  fuldo  the  sacryfyce,  In  delyuerynge  and 
sechynge  /  aftre  the  moeuynge  of  tliem  /  the  comyngo 
of  the  future  maryage  /  But  what  ouerserche  nedeth 
more  to  be  enquered  /  wherof  tliys  folysshe  thoughte 

16  Cometh  to  the  woman  thus  a-tysed  wyth  *the  swete   ["sign,  n  iij  bk] 
flamme  of  loue  esprised   in-to  the  mary  and  synewes.   Her  love  for 

.  11111  Aeneas  has 

whiche  inseparably  goeth  thrnghe  the  bones,  as  depe  as   struck  to  iier 

heart's  root. 

the  veray  hertys  roote  /  To  goo  sekyng  Avythyn   the 

20  symulacres  the  consentynge  of  lyght  Avhyche  is  alredy 
determyned  for  to  be  accomplysshed.  Thys  lady  liathc 
norysshed  pryuely  in  her  thoughte  the  wounde  of 
ambycyouse  desyro  /  whyche  is  so  procured  that  she 

24  can  not  hyde  it  noo  lenger  /  She  is  graffed  and 
myserably  sette  wauynge  and  tournynge  here  and 
there  wythin  her  cyte,  embrasscd  and  take  wyth  loue 
insacyable  in   contynueHe  thoughte  /  As  a   personne 

28  furyouse,  lyke  as  an  hynde  that  is  rought  to  the  herte 
wyth  an  arowe  /  goeth  rennynge  by  the  forestes  and 
mountaynes  /  Thynkyng  vpon  her  sore  oncly  /  Avyth- 
oute  to    conceyue  ne  compiehende   the    wele    of   her 

32  abydynge  /      Aftre,  wyth    Eneas  /   goeth   thys   lady   she  siiows  him 
deuysynge  thrughe  the  towne,  to  shewe  hym  the  grete   her  town. 
rychesses  that  she  hath  broughte  from  the  partyes  of 
Thyre,   asketh   hym   his   aduyse   of  the   cdyfyces   of 
'  (irij.  Auiic 


48  DIDO    ENDEA.VOUKS    TO    ENTERTAIN    AENEAS.  fcn.  XIII. 

CAP.  XIII.       Cartage,    cheryssheth    and    entcrtoynetli    hym    to    her 
Pido  strives  to      power  in  aHc  tliynges  that  she  thvnketh  to  be  playsaunt 

entertain  Aeneas  "  r     j 

in  every  way  she  aud  agrcable  vnto  hym  /  and  atte  last,  she  vet  spekynce, 

can  think  of.  -j        i  ^  j  i       j     o   ' 

her  speche  deffiiyHeth  alie  sodeynly,  and  can  not  kepc  4 
purpos  ne  countenaunce,  as  a  persons  transported  from 
her  vndrestandynge,  and  ouertake  wyth  oure  grete  loue 
inestyniahle  /     Of  it  that  other  parte,  she  doeth  make 
grete  appareyHes  for  to  feeste  Eneas  ryghte  highely  in  8 
dyuersities  of  metes  entermedled  wyth    some    loyous 
dysportes,  playsaunte,  and  in  syghte  aggreable.     After 
she  taketh  a  delectacyon  in  his  talkynge  playsamite  / 
requyrynge  hym  that,  for  her  loue  /  he  wyHe  recounte  12 
l*sign.  D  iiij]      sonie  grete  *  fay ttes  or  other  aduentures  that  he  hath 
seen  in  hys  tyme  in  the  werre  of  Troye ;  And  taketh 
her  loye  and  consolacyon   in   his    swete  Avordes   and 
drawynge  /  that  atysen  aud  enterteyne  her  in  a  con-  16 
tynualle  thoughte  towarde  hym  /  Soo  that  after  theyr 
departynge  from  eche  otlier,  that  tyme  the  mone  obscure 
comynge  in  his  ordre  /  supprymeth  the  lyghte  of  the 
Sonne,  and  the  sterres  launchynge  theyr  bryghte  spark-  20 
eles,  excyte  the  appetyte  of  slepe  /  The  lady  that  alone 
She  is  madly  in     entretli    to    her   chaumbre    /    tryste   and    pencyfuHe, 

love  witli  hiiii. 

leuynge  her  bedde  reste,  syttynge  vpon  tapysserye 
werke  /  or  other  parte,  aHe  solitarye  and  desolate,  as  24 
a  thynge  habandouned  /  Desirynge  the  presence  of 
Eneas  by  Imagynacyon  impraynted  wyth-in  the  faun- 
tasnie  of  her  entendemente,  Her  semeth  that  she 
seeth  hym  there  presente,  heringe  after  his  wordes  28 
playsaunte  /  And  deuysynge  wyth  hym  /  and  there 
she  passeth  oner  a  parte  of  the  nyghte  in  suche 
medytacyons  and  contynuett'  thoughtes. 

At  intervals,  ^  And  eiuouge,  she  taketh  in  her  lappe  Ascanyus,  32 

the  sone  of  Eneas,  otherwyse  caHyd  Yolus,  and  holdeth 

she  nurses  ^^J'^^  bytwyxe    her  arnies  /  byholdeth  /  kysseth  and 

scmius.  colleth    hym,    Considerynge    the    beaultye   and   grete 

delectacyon  of  the  fadre.  In  whiche  she  is  rauysshed  36 


CH.   XIV.]     OWING  TO  DIDO's  INFATQATION,  BUILDINGS  ARE  STOPPED.      49 

by   tlie  reprosentynge  of   his   sone :   Aud    no    thynge       cap.  xiv. 
there  ys  soo  gretely  gi-euable,  but  that  it  is  aHe  ynoughe 
facyHe  vnto   her  to    be  experymeiitcd   for   tlie  entre- 

4  teyngnge  of  her  loue,  wherinne  she  myghte  be  deceyued 
for  the  grete  serche  that  she  doeth  wythoute  ceasse  for 
to  eschew  aHe  thynges  that  in  this  caas  myghte  be 
nocible  and  contrarye  to  her : 

8*1    Nd  for  bv  cause  of  tlie  whiche  forsayd  occupacyon   [*  sign.  D  iiij, 

/\  "  back  J 

JTjL.  or  contynueiie  thoughte  wheiinne  she  is  Inex- 
plycable  occupyed,  as  transported  and  rauysshed,  ARe 
the  werkes  and  doynges  of  Dydo  are  taryed,  and  lefte 
1 2  in  the  astate  of  Inperfection.     The  werkes  of  tlie  grete   and  neglects 

everytliing ; 

yates  /  toures,  and  othre  edyfyces  that  were  begonne 

for  the  perfectyon  of  Cartage,  be  lefte  wythout  eny   the  works  are 

stopped, 

more  werkyng,  aHe  Imperfyt :  the  exercyse  of  armes  is 
16  dyscontynued ;  the  noble  men  were  robuste  and  rude, 

wythout  exersice  of  fayttes  of  Averre ;   The  brydges  /   the  city  left 

''  defenceless, 

poortes  and  passages  ben  lefte  wythoute  warde  /  And 
the  deffences  ben  voj'de  and^  emptye  wythoute  entre- 

20  teynynge  /  redy  to  receyue  the  enmyes  wythoute  ony 
contradyctyon :  AHe  werkes  ceassen  and  appyeren 
interrupts  for  defaulte  of  conductours  /  The  stones 
of  the  walies  that  are  bygonne,  Avhiche  appyeren  aHe 

24  awry  sette,  croked,  bowed,  and  counterfette  /  by  cause 
thei  be  not  fuHy  made  and  polisslied.  Shewynge  theyr 
teeth  to  threte  and  byte  in  to  the  other  stonys  redy  to 
be  masonned  /  whiche  oughte  to  haue  be  contynued  and 

28  loyned,  to  perfourme  the  enterprise  thus  lefte  as  aHe  to- 

cutte  and  perysshed.  The  grasse  groweth  faste,  and  and  grass  grows 
roteth  on  theyr  heddes  /  theyr  teeth  ben  spredde  wyth  isUed  buildings, 
mosse  aH  to-tourne  /  rusty  and   fuHe  of  lothlinesse. 

32  The   grete   edyfyces   are   lefte   vncouered   in   dyuerse 

places  /  And  shortely,  alle  falleth  in-to  ruyne,  by  cause 

of  her  grete  furoure. 

^  Lut  luno,  the  noble  goddesse,  wedded  wyif  aud 

'  o/ig.  add 
ENEYDOS.  E 


50      JUNO    PROPOSES    THE    MARRIAGE    OF    DIDO    AND    AENEAS,     [cil.  XIV. 


CAP.  XIV, 


[*  leaf  D  5] 

Juno,  perceiviiit; 
Difl(i'.s  love,  and 
not  wishing 
Aeneas  to  go  to 
Italy, 


proposes 
to  Venns  the 
marriage  of  Dido 
and  Aeneas, 


which  will  put 
a  stop  to  all 
differeuocs. 


and  give  the  two 
goddesses  entire 
control  over 
Carthage, 


spouse  of  lubyter,  seeynge.  that  tlie  goode  renommo  of 
Elysse  myglite  notte  contryste  ayenste  her  grete  desire 
eiubrasid  wyth  the  swete  flamme  of  loue  /  Considerynge 
also  that  the  *goodely  and  grete  chere  of  Dydo  myglite  4 
be  cause  ^  to  make  Eneas  to  abyde  in  Cartage  /  wyth- 
outc  to  passe  eny  ferther  towarde  ytalye  /  wolde  speke 
to  the  goddesse  Venus  for  to  doo  conuencyon  of  Eneas 
wyth  the  sayd  Dydo  /  and   thenne  byganne  to  saye  8 
vnto  her,  by  a  maner  of  derysion,  the  wordes  herinne 
wrytten  /  "  Certes,  Venus,  thou  and  thy  sone  Cupydo 
are  gretely  to    be  praysed,  and   ye  shaH  doo  a  greto 
conqueste,  whereof  ye  shaH:  be   hadde  in  perpetueH  12 
renommee   /   yf   a   woman   rayghte   be   by    you   two 
vaynquysshed,  wherof  the  motyue  that  hath  attysed 
you   to   that  /   &   the    cause  whi   ye   haue   ynoughe 
induced  elysse  to  condescende  to  the  loue  of  eneas,  ys,  16 
to  my  semyng,  come  for  the  drede  that  ye  haue  of  the 
tyrauntes,  and  of  theym  of  affryque  /  &  also  of  theym 
of  the  highe  waHes  of  our  cytee  of  cartage     For  the 
wyhyche  drede  to  pease,  ye  wyH  doo  alyaunce  wyth  20 
theym  by  meanes  of  the  maryage  of  dydo  wyth  eneas, 
whiche  thynge  myght  be  broughte  to  effecte  /  so  that 
ye  wyH  be  fauorable  and  gracyous  towarde  eneas,  wyth- 
oute   to   here   hym   fro   hens   forthe   eny  nioleste   or  24 
lettynge  /  And  for  alle  debates  to  accorde  and  pease  / 
and  to  brynge  aile  noyes  atte  an  ende,  I  gyue  myn 
assente  to  a  peas  eternaHe,  for  the  constructyon  and 
makynge  of  the  sayd  maryage  as  ye  doo  desire ;  to  the  28 
whiche    shaHe    mowe   dydo    eassyly   acorde   durynge 
this  /  that  the  grete  furour  euflajMmed  wyth  brennyng 
desire  of  loue  esprysed  wythin  her  sinewes  /  perse  y* 
bones  of  her  presently ;  &  thenne,  of  one  comyn  assent,  32 
we,  luno  and  venus,  goddesses,  shaH  haue  aH  the  domy- 
nacyon  &  gouermente  entierly  of  thise  two  peoples  / 
that  is  to  wytte,  of  the  troians,  in  soo  moche  as  touchcth 
'  oriij.  cause 


en.   XIV.]  YEXUS'S    CAUTIOUS    ANSWER    TO    JUNO.  51 

tlieym  of  Eneas,  that  slialle  be  taken  in  dowayr  to  Dydo       cap.  xiv. 
for  her  maryage,  and  lyke  wyse  them  of  Thyre,  that  are  ^^tions  *" " 
comyn  *wyth  Elysse,  shaHe  thenne  be  siibgette  vnto  [•  kaf  d  5,  back] 
4  Enec,  the  whiche  we  sliaHe    loyne  togydre ;    And  of  Tnijnn  and 

1       11  1  n  1        ;  -ttr^  p     TviilUl,  tliut 

theym  two,  we  shatic  make  atie  one  people  /  Whereof  shau  inhabit  it. 
Cartage  shalie  be  peopled,  and  also  the  countrey : " 

THe  whiche  thynges  thus  sayd  /  Venu.s,  tliat  doubted 
Icest  luno  wolde  accorde  the  forsayd  maryage,  to 
the  entente  that  Eneas  sholde  abyde  in  Cartage  for  this 
cause,  and  sholde  leue  the  enterpryse  by  hym  made,  to 
goo  and  conquers  the  royalme  of  Ytalye  /  that  luno 
12  sayd  that  she  hadde  in  her  gouernaunce  /  was  weH 
gladde,  feynynge  to  vnderstonde  otherwyse  the  enten- 
cyon  of  the  sayd  luno,  wheronto  she  purueyd  weiie 
afterwarde ;  And  aunsuerde  vnto  her,  sayenge  /  "  he  that  Venus's  cautions 

IG  wolde  gaynsaye  this  alyaunce  /  and  wyth  the,  luno,  to 
stryue,  for  to  lette  thy  deliberacyon  /  sholde  weH  be 
oute  of  his  wytte.  Yf  thou  woldeste  accomplysshe  by 
effecte,  this  that  thou  maynteneste  be  thy  Avordes  /  but 

20  I  am  not  weH  certayne  /  yf  lubyter,  the  puyssante  god  /  si,e  does  not 
that  hath  /  the  dysposicyons  of  alie   thynges  in  his  apilrovai/but 
hande  /  shaHe  be  contente  that  the  tyryns  and  the   should  be^'co"- 
troians  shaile  people  in  comyn  this  cyte  of  Cartage  she  advises  juno 

24  wythoute  some  deuysion;  And  also  yf  our  maryage  and 
alyaunce  for  to  speke,  shaile  be  vnto  hym  aggreable  / 
And  by  cause  thenne,  that  vnto  the,  luno,  that  arte 
his  wytle  and  felawe,  apperteyneth  more  better  than  to 

28  ony  other  to  kuowe  of  hym  hys  playsure,  Thou  shalte 
vndertake  this  charge,  yf  hit  playse  the  to  goo  Avythout 
taryeng,  and  I  shaH:  folowe  the  aH  of  nyghe  /  "  Wherof  juno  underUikes 
luno,  takyngo  in  hande  the  conduytte  of  this  werke  / 

32  was  wel  covitent  /  &  sayd  in  this  manere  :  "  *syth  that       r*]eaf  d  61 
I  haue  taken  the  charg  of  this  werke,  I  wol  tt'He  and 
sheweclerly  howe  the  tliynge  shaHe  niuwe  be  broughte   to  manage  tho 
aboute.    Eneas,  and  dydo  sore  taken  wyth  his  loue,  liaue   '""  '^^' 

3G  purposed  fur  to  goo  chasse  and  hunte  the  wildc  bcstes, 

K  2 


52       JUNO's    DESIGN    TO    BRING    DIDO    AND    AENEAS    TOGETHER.  [CH.  XV. 

CAP.  XV.        incoiitynent  that  the  soiine,  makynge  to  morowe  hys 
Aeneas  and  Dido  rysyiige,  shal  haue  transmysed  hys  shynynge  hemes  for 

shall  propose  a  ni  i/ait 

hunt  early  next     to  IHustre  clere  Btte  the  ertlie  /  And  whan  they  shal  he 

day. 

to  the  vttir-moost  of  the  game,  AveHe  chaffed  aftre  the  4 
bestes,  I  shaHc  sodaynly  make  the  ayer  to  wexe  obscure, 
and  aHe  blacke  replenysshed  with  hayle  /  rayne,  and 
horryble  tempeste  by  the  ayer,  and  by  the  erthe  wyndes 
Juno  wiu  raise  a  and  grete  orages  /  I  shaH  girde  alie  the  heuens  wy  th  8 

tempest  and 

disperse  the         thoiidres,  lyghtnynges  choruscacyous  ^  and  merueyHouse 

hunters, 

tourmentes  that  shaHe  rayne  the  countrey  ouer  ryghte 
Impetuously,  so  that  aHe  the  ayer  shaHe  seme  to  be 
couered  wyth  the  nyght  fuHe  blak  and  obscure  /  Thenne  12 
shaHe  aile  the  hunters  flee  awaye,  and  othre,  fro  the 
sayde  chasshe,  wyth  so  grete  haste  that  they  shaHe  not 
wene  to  fynde  sone  ynoughe  a  place  for  to  be  in  sauete  / 
BO  that  Aeneas  And  by  thys  manere  I  shaHe  doo  that  the  duke  Eneas  16 
meet  together  in  and  Dydo  fleynge  the  wedrynge,  shaHe  rendre  hemself 

a  cave, 

bothe  togydre  aHe  alone,  as  by  veraye  destynacye,  and 
by  rencountre  of  aduenture,  vnder  a  grete  hyHe,  withyn 
a  cane  atte  the  ende  of  the  forest  /  And  there  they  20 
shaHe  fynde  me,  luno,  that  am  lady  of  the  maryages, 
and  doo  couple  them  two  Avyth  my  sone  hyemen,  whiche 
unless  Venus       is  named  the  god  of  weddynge  /  And  /  therf ore,  yf  I 

were  unwilling, 

in  which  case       wyst  that  thou,  venus,  Avere  not  of  accorde  fof r]  the  24 

Aeneas  had  ''  ■-  -* 

better  go  at         maryag  of  eneas  to  dydo,  I  shulde  make  hym  fyrst  to 
departe  wythout  eny  respyte  /  " 

^  Of  the  grete  tempest  and  storme  ^  atte 
maryage  of  theym  /  28 

^  Capitulo  Decimoquinto 


'Y 


[» If  D  6,  back]    *^"7"Edus  was  thenne  weHe  contente,  wythoute  ony 
contradyctyon  /  and  byganne  to  laughe  strongly 
Venus  does  not     of  the  pcrfytte  begylynge  that  luno  hade  fonnde  soo  32 
[aTghs  at  Juno's  sooue  for  to  accomplysshe  this  maryage  /  "Wherof  she 


(?)/o?' choruscacyons  ^  oj-igr.  storne 


CH.  XV.]    PREPARATIOXS    FOR   THE    HUNT    OF    DIDO    AND    AENEAS.  53 

was  syn  after  weUe  deceyued,  by  cause  tliat  she  made  it       cap.  xv. 
to  couertely  and  close,  wythoute  testymonage  /  and  design,  which 

_  1  •   1        afterwiirds  fails, 

wythoute   the   knowleche   of    lubyter  :     ihe   whiche  because  JupiWr 

had  not  been 

4  enterprise  thus  made  /  after  that  the  sprynge  of  the  consulted. 
daye  and  the  poynte  of  tlie  sonne  hadde  putte  awaye 
the  nyghte  tenebrose,  the  brackener  hadde  dystourned 
the  herte  in  to  his  busshe,  and  caste  his  trayne  /  The 

8  hunters  wyHe  that  men  sjiredde  and  sette  the  deffences, 

putte  tlieym  in  grete  appareyile  for  to  goo  to  the  woode  /  Preparations  for 

where  as  sholde  be  the  chasse  /  Assembled  theyr  ren- 

nynge  houndcs,  two  and  two  togyder  /  and  chose  theym 

12  one  from  the  other,  for  to  assorte  theym  beste  in  the 

pathes:  Some  wyth  the  brakkenere,  for  to  be  atte  the  arrangements 

those  of  a  later 

reysynge  of  the  beeest,  for  to  renne  after ;  The  other  medioevai 

ciid.r8.CL6r. 

for  to  be  sette  atte  the  relesse ;  and  the  other  for  to 
16  entermedle  and  redresse  theyr  brackes,  retches,  and 
bloode  houndes,  for  to  take  the  beste  better  wyth  force. 
Toke  theyr  staues,  and  theyr  homes,  and  other  thynges 
necessarye  for  to  fuH  make  and  accomplysshe  the  better 
20  a  fayr  dysporte  in  huntyngo,  bchouynge  to  a  chasse 
royaHc  H  And  after,  of  a  nother  parte,  the  barons,  the 
knyghtes  and  esquyers  of  the  noble  quene  Dydo,  dyde   Assembling  of 

_  '■''''  tiie  hunting 

putte  theym  in  araye,  and  came  there  to  the  palayse  party  at  tiie 

pfll9.CC  I 

24  aiie  redy,  waytynge  that  she  sholde  come  oute  for  to 
mounte  vpon  her  fa}T  palfrey,  wfiiche,  wyth  other  for 
her  ladyes  and  gentyH  women,  was  in  the  courte  aHe 
preste,  appareylled  and  couered  wyth  a  grete  cloth  of 

28  purpre,  gnawyng  his  bytte  garnysshed  wyth  botones  of 

golde,  *aH:e  charged  wyth  the  scume  of  the  horse.    And       [Meaf  d  7j 
soone  yssued  oute  the  lady,  moche  nobly  accompany ed.    Dido  and  her 

,         ,  n        c        1  •  horse  both 

that  hadde  a  grete  maunteiie  of  veluet  cramoysm,  pour-  richly  apparelled 

in  similar 

32  fylied  rounde  aboute  Avyth  brawdrye,  moche  enryched   fashion, 
wyth  precyous  stones,  after  tlie  custome  and  manere  of 
that  tyme  /  Her  herys  bounden  wyth  thrcdes  of  golde  / 
and  her  ryche  gyrdeH,  that  appyeied  moche  precyous, 

3G  aHe  a-ljouc   her  raymentcs   /   She    hadde   also  a    fayr 


54       ASSEMBLING    OP    THE    HUNT.       DESCRIPTION    OF    APOLLO.       [CH.  XV. 


CAP.  XV.        tarcays,  couered  wyth  fyne  cloth  of  damaske,  aHe  fuHe 
of  arowes  /  and  therwytlialie  the  bowe  for  to  shoote  to 
the  wylde  beestes,  and  otherwyse  atte  her  playsaunce. 
Thus  appoynted  /  she  mounted  on  horsebacks  for  to  4 
goo  to  the  sayd  chasse,  wyth  hir  barons,  knyghtes,  and 
her  gentyH  women  /  and  also  the  lytyHe  Yolus  or 
ascanyus,  that  hadde  putte  hym  selfe  in  poynte  for  to 
conduytte  the  quene  wyth  his  fadre  Eneas  /  the  whiche,  8 
wyth  a  ryght  grete  and  fayer  companye  ridynge  afore 
the  lady,  appyered  aboue  aH  the  other,  wythout  ony 
comparyson,  the  moste  fayre  /  Lyke  as  the  beaulte  of 
the  god  Appollo,  that  is,  the  sonne,  doeth  appyere  and  12 
shewe  vpon  the  flode  of  Exanco,  whan  he  cometh  in 
wynter  in-to  the  cyte  of  Pathere  in  lycye  /  to  gyue  his 
aunsweres,^  and  ke})e  the  courte  of  his  grete  godhede  / 
And  fro  thens,  whan  the  syx  monethes  of  the  wynter  16 
ben  passed  /  and  that  he  wyHe  retourne  in  to  the  Isle 
of  Del  on,  for  to  make  semblable  his  aunsuers  duryng 
the  syx  monethes  of  the  somer,  the  places  party culer 
of  Crete,  as  Agatyrse  and  Dryopes,  doo  ryse  and  goo  20 
ayenste  hym  /  for  to  see  his  grete  beaulte  /  whan  he, 
comynge,  casteth  his  hemes  vpon  costes  and  mountaynes 
of  the  countrey  in  manere  of  golden  heres  descendynge 
from  his  hed,  and  as  the  lighte  of  torches  *  sparklynge,  24 
weH:  enilammed,  wherby  aHe  th}Tiges  renewen  them  at 
his  commynge,  as  the  trees  that  to  theym  maken  gar- 
landes  of  leues  grene  /  the  erthe  taketh  a  newe  cote 
fuH  subtyly  weued  aftre  y"  werke  of  fyn  gras,  powdred  28 
with  flouresof  a  hundred  thousande  maners  of  colours  / 
The  byrdes  rencAven  theyre  swete  songe  gracyouse  /  The 
bestes  becomeu  fyers,  and  of  proude  manere ;  The  ayer 
purifyeth  and  clenseth  hym  selfe  for  to  receyue  the  32 
Impressyons  of  influences  of  this  god  Apollo,  to  his 
newe  commyng,  whiclie  is  so  fayre  and  sore  desyred  of 
Yolus  exceeds      ^U  thvnges  /  Lyke  wyse  in  aHe  excellence  surmounted 

1  orig.  anusweis 


Yolus  is  there, 


also  liis  father 
Aeneas, 


who  In  his 
beauty  is  like 
Ajiollo,  god  of 
tlie  sun. 


of  whom  a 
fanciful  descrip- 
tion is  given, 


as  well  as  of  his 

favourite 
liaunts. 


'  leaf  D  7,  back] 


CH.  XV.]     THE  HUXT  BEGINS.   A  TERRIBLE  TEMPEST.  55 

the  yonge  yolus  aH   the  other  that  were  in  y*"  Lidies        cap.  xv. 
felauship  for  to  goo  to  the  sayd  chasse.     And  "when  aii  the  rest 

in  beauty. 

they  were  come  in  the  dales  and  narowe  wayes  of  the 
4  biisshes,  vpon  theire  courses  for  to  destourne  the  bestes  Tiiey  begin  to 

lnuit. 

that  yssued  oute  of  tlieire  dennes,  with  grete  effortes 
renny[n]ge  in  the  phayne  vaHeyes  and  moiintaynes  by 
dyverse  places,  the  one  opposyte  to  the  othre  in  confu- 
8  sion  merueyllouse  /  The  lytyli  Ascaniixs  or  Yolus,  that  in  Prowess  of 

\"i)lus. 

this  toke  grete  playsure,  Eanne  aftre  vpon  a  corrageous 
hors  alwayes  Eedy  for  to  renne,  so  that  he  ouer  Eanne 
often  the  bestes,  and  was  before  them  /  And  some  tyrae 

12  abode  behynde,  aHe  "vvrothe  of  the  grete  cowardyse  of 
these  bestes  /  DesjTynge  to  Eecountre  a  wylde  bore,  or 
some  lyon  that  fledde  not,  for  to  fyghte  with  hym  / 
H  Durynge  the  tyme  of  the  whiche  chasse,  And  that 

16  aHe  the  assistents  were  departed.  And  stronge  chaffed, 
rennynge  aftre  the  bestes  In  many  and  dyuerse  coun- 
trees  /  luno  the  goddesse,  AvyHynge  accomplysshe  /  the  jnnn,  to  accom- 
niaryge  of  Eneas  to  dydo,  thrughe  suche  meanes  as  ben  brings  on  a 

storiu. 

20  spoken  here  aboue,  byganne  to  make  the  ayre  to  be 

troubled,  And  to  couere  the  blewe  cote  of  the  *heuens       [»ieafD8] 
azured,  with  cloudes  blacke  and  obscure,  fuH  of  Avynde 
Impetuouse  /  of  Eayne  and  of  heyle  /  of  thondre  & 

24  tempeste,  aHe  medled  togydre  /  Of  the  Avhiche  the  for- 
sayde  hunters  appercejoied  them  not,  nor  made  no  force 
for  it,  withstandynge  the  grete  entermyse  and  besy 
occupacion  that  they  had  In  hande,  to  the  poursicwte 

28  and  destoumynge  of  the  bestes,  wherof  euery  of  hem 
was  atte  astryffe  who  sholde  doc  best,  for  to  be  praysed 
and  acquyred  the  grace  of  the  ladyes  /  vnto  the  tyme 
that  the  sayde  cloudes  were  weH  thyk  gadred  with  the  The  hunters  are 

.  (lispersufl  bv  an 

32  stronge  wedrynge  that  surprised  them  an  atones,  and  awful  tempest, 
soubdaynely  enuaysshed  them  and  tormented  Eygth 
asperly  with   Eayne  myseH,  and   grete   heyle   stones  rain,  hail,  and 

tremendous 

amonge  /  Aftre,  cam  a  stronge  wynde   lowe  by  the  wind, 
36  grounde,  that  agctted  theyin  in  surhc  a  wysc  that  they 


56 


THE    HUNTERS    DISPERSE.       AENEAS    AND    DIDO    5IEET.  [CH.   XV. 


CAP.  XV.  Avere  lyfte  vp  on  hyghe  fro  the  gronnde  /  and  were 
caste  backewarde  /  forewarde,  and  atte  eytlier  side,  wlian 
tliey  wende  to  haue  drawen   hem  selfe,  one  towarde 

(ireadfuuiuinder  other,   by  the  thondre  and   tempeste  that  descended  4 
doun  from  the  clowdes,  and  ranne  by  the  grounde  aHe 
enf [l]a??mied,  in  suche  moeuynge  and  perturbacyon,  that 
it  appiered  of  prymeface  /  that  the  heuens  were  broken 

and  lightniiif-  and  parted  a  sondre,  wheroute  yssned  fyre  ardaunte  /  B 
whiche  IHumyned  attones  aHe  the  erthe  /  And  aftrc 
that  this  lighte  was  goon,  the  ayer  retourncd  in-to  a 
grete  derknesse  /  for  the  grete  Impetuosite  of  the  orage, 
as  thoughe  it  had  be  nyghte  /  For  the  whiche  cause,  12 
the  tyryns  and  the  troiens,  wyth  the  hunters  /  and  other 
of  the  sayd  chasse  /  and  also  the  lityH  Yolus,  sone  to 
the  sone  of  Venus  /  that  is,  Eneas,  and  neuew  of  dar- 
danus  his  grete  vncle,  whyche  was  the    firste  prynce  16 

The  hunters         that  edyfied  Troye  /  were  constrayned  for  to  flee  /  and 

disperse. 

to  seche,  euery  one  after  hys  power,  some  vyHagcs  or 
habitacyons  for  to  wythdrawc  theym  selfe,  whiles  that 
[*  leaf  D  s,  back]   the  faHyng  *of  the  reyne  russhynge  doun  from  the  20 

mountaynes  descended  in  to  the  valeyes.  Also  of  a 
Aeneas  and  Dido,  uother  parte,  the  quciie  dydo  and  Eneas,  in  fleeynge, 
refuge  in  the        founden  a  caue  vnder  a  grete  roche,  in  y^  ^  whiche  they 

hidde   theym  selfe  bothe  togyder  alone  /  &  ther  the  24 
goddesse  luno,  quene  and  patronesse  of  the  cowmocyons 
nupcyaHe,  by  the  assente  of  venus,  that  lyghtened  the 
torches  fo[r]  to  receyue  hiemen,  the  god  of  weddynge, 
accompanyed  wyth  the  erthe,  moder  to  the  firste  goddes  28 
whiche  for  to  doo  this  /  hadde  prepared  that  secrete 
place,  and  the  reyny  wedre  therto  /  propyce  and  conuen- 
able  whan  they  hem  selfe,  goddesses  of  the  watres  & 
fontaynes  russhyng  doun  in  grete  haboundau/2ce  from  32 
the   toppe    of  the    mountaynes  /  assembled    &   made 
thenne  the  forsayd  maryage  /  of  Eneas  and  of  dydo, 
wytlioute  other  wytnesses  to  be  by  /  but  the  god  &  the 
^  orig.  y'  =  tliat 


CH.  XV.]     dido's  disaster,     description  of  fame.  57 

goddesses   that   bo   declared   aboue  /  ■vvhcrof  folowed       cap.  xv, 
after  /  tluit  this  daye  was  the  firste  cause  of  the  grete  Thistiie 

bpf'iiininc'  of 

euylles  and  deth  of  dydo,  the  whiche  coude  neuer  be  Dido's  sorrows, 

as  she  would 

4  dvsmoeuved  from  the  same,  by  her  grcte  vertues  and  after  aoknow- 

■^  "^  'JO  jgjjgg  Aeneas  ns 

merytes,  ne  her  laudable  renomme,  and  wolde  not  kepe  hcrhnsband, 

•^        '  '■        and  that  in 

her  secrete,  as  she  dyde  afore  /  but  in  publique,  for  to  puWic 
gyue  a  coloure  to  her  faiie  /  confessed  hym  to  be  her 
8  husbonde  /  And  therof  was  grete  spekynge  made,  that 
sone  ranne  thoroughe  the  cyties  of  Lybie  and  of 
Affryque  /  wherby  arose  one  euyHe  goddesse  caHyd 
fame  or  renommee,  whiche  is  more  lighte  than   ony   Description  of 

12  other  thyngc  /  and  by  mobylite  vygorouse  encreaseth 
her  forse  in  rennynge  /  Atte  the  firste  she  is  ryghte 
lityii,  for  doubte  that  she  hath  to  be  seen ;  and  anone 
after,  she  maketh  her  selfe  grete,  and  niountcth  vp  in-to 

16  the  ayer  /  And  in  vyagynge  thrughe  the  landes,  hideth 
her  hede  betwyx  the  clowdes  /  And  thenne  she  vttrcth 
and  sayeth  alle  that  she  wyHe,  by  cause  that  she  is 
ferre  from  the  partycs.     And  it  is  not  to  be  merueyHed 

20  yf  she  be  wycked,  as  I  saye,  *for  she  was  wickedly  be-       [•sign,  e  jj 
goten,  and  for  an  cuyH  occasyon  /  the  erthe,  granmodre   Her  birth, 
of  the  godde,  was  ones  wrooth  wyth  theym,  And  for  to 
doo  hem  a  grete  Iniure,  engendred  two  horryble  mon- 

24  strcs  /  the  fyrst  hight  Seceo,  and  the  seconde  Antheledo, 
Avhiche  were  geauntes,  stronge  and  puyssaunt  aboue  aHe 
othre  men  of  that  tyme,  and  exempt  from  the  subiectyon 
of  aHe  the  dyuynite,  and  had  a  suster  named  renommee 

28  or  fame,  that  was  the  last  procreated  /  and  in  signe  of  a 
mocke,  was  to  her  youen  the  facultee  and  power  for  to 
reherce  and  saye  aHe  thinges  that  sholde  come  in  her  i,cr  functions, 
mouthe  /  and  to  spoke  ayenst  aH  foike,  be  it  kynges, 

32  princes,  or  lordes  or  othre  knyghtes,  ladyes,  gentyH 
Avimen  /  marchauntes,  labourers,  and  maydens,  goddes, 
goddesses,  &  theyre  sequele,  withoute  hauyng  rewthe  ne 
regarde  to  no  manere  of  lesynge,  no  more  than  to  the 

3G  trouthc  of  the  dede  ;  &  to  her  were  gyuen  wynges  aHe   iicr  wings. 


58  FAME    SPREADS    REPORTS    OF   AENEAS    AND    DIDO.       [CH.  XV. 

CAP.  XV.  of  fedders,  and  fete  and  liandes  and  body  and  hede, 
wherof  was  made  a  monstre  fuHe  terrible,  that  hath  as 
many  eyen  in  her  hede,  euermore  wakynge,  and  aHe 
wyde  open  /  as  she  hath  fedders  vpon  her,  and  as  many  4 

Fame-her  eyes  Berys  /  mouthes,  and  tonges  in  lykewyse,  that  speken 
styHe  without  ccasse  /  And  for  her  talkynge,  neuerthe- 
lesse  cesseth  not  to  herke«,  and  hereth  weH  a[l]waye 
that  that  she  hereth,  AHe  the  nyght  she  fleeth  betwix  8 
the  clowdes  /  and  renneth  ouer  the  erthe,  spred  abrode, 
rushynge,  and  makyng  grete  noyse  as  thondre  &  tem- 
pestes,  nor  can  neuere  Avake  so  longe  that  she  can  gets 

She  haunts  all      luste  to  slepe    She  sette  herself  somtyme  atte  the  gates  1 2 

places,  and 

of  the  townes,  castenes,  fortresses,  and  of  grete  lordes 
houses,  with  the  porters  and  mynystres,  for  to  questyone 
theym  what  rewle  is  kept  in  the  towne  /  of  the  astate 
of  the  kynge  and  of  the  pri?ices,  and  of  theyre  moost  16 
famylyer  seruauntes  /  Aftre,  she  goeth  vp  in  to  the  halt, 

[*  sign.  E  j,  back]  and  somtyme  within  the  chambre  and  *  hyde  herse[l]f  in 
corne[r]s,  and  behynde  the  tapytes  ;  a  nother  tyme  vpon 
the  highe  pynacles  and  toures  /  and  wyth  theym  that  20 

finds  out  and        kepe  the  day  watches,  whiche  beholden  aHe  the  towne 

sjiieads  abroad  n  i  •       i  ,       .      .      , 

everj-thing.  ouer ;  &  nothynge  is  there  so  secrete,  be  it  m  house  or 

in  strete,  but  it  is  sone  manyfested  vnto  her  /  The  grete 
cytees  &  bygge  townes,  she  doeth  trouble  somtyme  24 
wyth  soroAve  and  yre  by  her  reportynge  /  AHe  is  goode 
for  her  /  and  aHe  is  to  her  paye.     AHe  thynges  wherof 
she  aduyseth  herself  /  be  it  good  or  euil,  trouth  or 
lesynge,  she  telleth  and  reporteth  aHe   to  her  guyse.  28 
This  meschyne  of  whome  I  speke,  that  loyeth  her  to 
recyte  asweH  the  euyH  as  the  goode,  and  more  lesyng 
than  trouth,  byganne  to  renne  by  the  townes,  cytees 
casteUes  &  other  places  /  recountyng  vnto  aH  theym  32 
She  spreads  that  she  fonde  /  how  Eneas,  of  the  lynee  of  the  troians, 

.and  Dido  over  was  come  in  Cartage,  of  whom  the  foyr  dydo  had 
enamoured  herself,  and  bothe  togydre  helde  hemselfe 
uHe  the  winter,  passynge  the  tyme  in  grete  playsau?ices  /  36 


CH.   XV.]       TARBAS    HEARS    THE    REPORTS    AND    IS   ANGRY.  59 

festes  /  playes  &  sportynges,  ali  occupyed  In  theyr  cap.  xv. 
delices  /  wythout  to  puniey  to  the  gouernaunce  of  theyr 
Eoyalmes  lordshypes,  as  though  they  had  forgoten  it, 
4  aHe  dedycated  to  theyr  playsures  &  Tvylles  /  how  be  it 
that  it  was  other  "wyse  /  And  in  passynge  throughe  the  xiie  reports 
landes,  reportynge  aH  thise  tidynges,  was  aduertysed 
that  the  kynge  Yarbas,  resident  in  the  same  contrey, 
8  and  sone  adressed  her  selfe  towarde  hym.  the  streyght 
cours  /  And  to  hym  recounted  the  manere,  How  dydo 
hadde  esprysed  her  owne  herte  wyth  the  loue  of  Enee  / 
and  aHe  the  thynges  here  a-fore  wryten  /  wherof  this 

12  Yarbas,  that  was  kynge  of  the  grete  Libye,  hadde  a  Anger  of  Yarbas, 
grete  dyspyte,  by  cause  that  this  lady  hadde  somtyme  on  hearing  them, 
refused  hym,  that  was  a  grete  lorde  /  and  of  the  lynee 
of  the  goddes,  sone  to  god  lupyter  a  renouse,  that  men 

16  adoured  in  Lybye  /  and  of  one  Nyuyse,  goddesse  of  the 

fontaynes,  *  doughter  to  Gzamas,  that  had  be  rauyshed.      [*sign.  E  ij] 
This  Yarbas  was  ryghte  denote,  and  in  his  tyme  had 
construed,  edyf yed,  and  made  an  hondred  temples  Avythin  His  temples 

20  his  royalme,  wyth  an  hondred  othre  sacraryes,  in  Avhiche 
he  had  consecrated  the  fyre  brennyng  without  ceasse, 
that  he  caHed  the  daj^e  watche  pardurable  of  the  godde  : 
And  made  there  contyuueHy  so  many  .sacryfyces,  that  and  sacrifices. 

24  the  erth  aHe  there  about,  was  aHe  made  fatte  and  moly- 
fyed  wyth  the  blode  of  the  bestes  that  were  there 
Immolated  to  the  honoure  of  the  goddes  /  And  repleny- 
shed  wyth  aHe  manere  of  good  odours  &  swete  smellynge,^ 

28  for  the  grete  haboundaunce  of  the  garlandes  made  of 
floures  that  he  gadred  in  that  place.  And  whan  he  was 
adcerteyned  of  the  dooynge  of  dydo  and  of  Eneas,  he 
was  therof  vtterly  dysplaysed  /  wherby  a  grete  acumu- 

32  lacyon  of  yre  and  wrathe  he  begate  wythin  the  roote  of  ms  wrath. 

hys  herte;  and  as  tryste,  sorowfuHe,  and  besyde  hymself, 

wyst  not  to  wliom  complayne  /  but  oncly  that  he  wente 

in  to  the  temple  before  the  awter  /  and  in  loyiiyng  liis 

1  orig.  sniellyuge 


60  YARBAS  PRATS  TO  JUPITER,  [CH.  XVI, 

CAP.  XVI.       liandes    togydre,  made   the    prayer   and  requeste  that 
Yarhas  prays  to    fuloweth  /  IT  "  0  Iiipyter,  almyghty  god,  for  whome  folke 
of  Moryenne,  where  is  made  the  roughe  tapysserye  in 
pycture  aHe  dyuerse  :  haue  made  an  assemble  magiiy-  4 
fyque  of  metes  and  of  wynes  for  to  kepe  a  soIempneHe 
feste  in  the  worshyp  of  thy  godhede  /  knowest  thou 
WiiiJiipiter        "ot  oure  sorowe?   hast  thou  for  euer  determyned  to 
iiiortJsNvitii  iiis   solace  and  dysporte  thy  self  eiiermore  wyth  the  thondre  8 
and  weddrynges,  for  to   gyue  vnto  vs   tremoure  and 
feere  /  wylte  thou  feere  vs  onely  wyth  thy  fyres,  by  the 
sodaynly  sente  throughe  the  cloudes  in  grete  tempeste 
and  murmure,  and  occupye  thy  self  aHe  to  that,  wythout  12 
rightwisnes  to  be  by  the  made  vnto  euery  chone  /  " 

^*b&^  'J'       *  How  Yarbas  complayned  hym  to  lupiter 
of  eiieas  that  edefyed  the  cyte  of  Cartage  / 
and   how   lupyter   sente   sodaynly   Mer- 16 
curyus  towarde  eneas,  for  to  make  hym  to 
retorne  in  to  the  cou^trey  of  ytalye. 

^  Capitulo  xvj 

r^yterl^at" '"   "  X]^^    co?»playne   to   thy   ryghtwysnesse,   of    a  20 
rej'ecteThis  '  '         wonian  whiche  is  come  in  to  the  lymytes 

of  our  londe,  habandonned  &  as  lost,  named  feiiyce  or 
dydo  /  that  hath  take  vpon  her  to  edyfie  a  cyte  of  lityl 
pryce,  that  she  doo  to  be  called  cartage,  to  the  wliiche  24 
by  curtoysie  we  haue  gyven  londe  habytable,  &  lawes 
for  to  gouerne  her  peple  /  and  haue  required  her  ofte 
tymes  to  be  our  wyf  &  spouse  /  but  therof  she  made 
none  aco?»pte  /  and  hath  habandon?«ed  bersilfe  in  aHe  28 
and  accepted        manere  poyntes  to  receyue  the  false  eneas,  as  maister  & 
lord  of  aHe  her  londe  /  The  Avhiche  seductor  of  ladies, 
as  parys  that  enwedded  y*"  fayr  heleyne,  kepeth  himself 
in  maner  as  a  woman,  in  their  companye,  wyth  his  loiige  32 
heres  that  he  maketh  to  be  enoynted  &  komed  for  to 
be  yeloAV  as  goldc,  makyug  theym  to  be  bou/iden  in  a 


Aeneas, 


CH.  XVI.]       WHO    HEARS    HIM,   AND    SENDS    MERCURY    TO    AENEAS.  CI 

coyffe  rou/iJe  a-boute  his  hed  /  wythout  to  tliynke  cap.  xvi. 
vpon  none  other  thynges,  but  only  the  delites  of 
■\vyme//ly  love,  wherin  he  is  contynueHi  ocupyed  wytli 
4  her ;  and  we,  that  aHc  the  tyme  of  our  lyf  haue  scrued 
to  thy  temple  /  doon  many  sacrifyces  &  oblacyons  to 
thi  lawde  &  praysinge  /  are  dyspysed  &  habandouned,   winic  !ie,Yariias, 

is  (ii-s]iisuil  after 

wythoute    to    bryng    there-from   some   rewarde    or   a-  all  his  pietj. 
8  vau?/tage."    the  whiche  yarbas,  makyng  this  his  com- 
playnt   and   prayer   within  ^    the    temple,  byfore    the 
awters,  the  god  almyghty  lupyter,  that  wolde  exalte  his  Jupiter  hears 
requeste,  tourned   hys  loke  a  side  towarde  the  walles 

12  and  habytauntes  of  the  cytee  of  Cartage,  where  he 
knewe  the  two  louers,  wythoute  remembraunce  of  theyr 
first  goode  fame  that  they  hadde  forgoten  :  And  thenne 
called  to  hym  Mercuryus,  whiche  ys  *  inter-pretour  of      [•  sign,  e  iij] 

16  the  goddes.  And  commaimded  hym  to  doo  the  mes- 
sage here  wryten,  saynge  /  "  U  My  sone  niercure,  goo  and  sends  Mer- 
lyghtly,  take  thy  wynges  empared  with  fedders  /  CaHe  ^^^^  °    ^°'^''*' 
the  swete  wyndes,  and  goo  doune  wyth  them  towarde 

20  Eneas,  the  duke  troien,  whyche  is  nowe  taryed  wythin 
Cartage  for  to  enhabyte  there  /  hauynge  noo  mynde 
ne  recordaunce  for  to  goo  conquere  the  cytees  that 
by-fore  haue  be  youen  vnto  hym  /  shewyng  vnto  hym 

24  tliat  his  modre  venus,  the  fay  re  goddesse,  dyde  not 
promytte  vnto  vs  that  he  shulde  be  suche  a  seductour 
of  wynien,  and  of  lyf  determyned  to  communyque 
wyth  them  /  Whan  atte   her  requeste    we   kept   and  with  a  rebuke 

and  a  message. 

28  saued  hym  two  tymes  ayenst  the  grekes  hys  enemyes. 
And  gaffe  hym  vyctorye  one  tyme  ayenst  Dyomedes, 
and  a  nothre  tyme  ayenst  AchyHes,  whan  atte  bothe 
the  tymes  he  enterprysed  for  to  doo  armes  ayenst  theym 

32  before  the  grate  Troye  /  But  vnto  vs  dyde  promyse  hys 

sayde  modre,  to  make  hym  more  cheualerouse  than  eny 

othre  of  hys  tyme,  in  suche  a  wyse  that  he  shulde  be 

dygnc  by  excellence  aboue  afte  othre,  to  obteyne  by 

^  ori<j.  wrtliiii 


62 


MERCURY    FLIES    TOWARDS    THE    EARTH. 


[CH.  XVI. 


CAP.  XVI. 


If  Aeneas  is  so 
given  to  ]ileasnre 
as  to  forget  his 
honour  and 
Italy,  he  should 
at  any  rate 
reineialjer  his 
son. 


[*leafEiij, 
back] 


^lercury  puts  on 
his  wings  and 
takes  his  rod. 


Powers  of  his 
rod. 


He  flies  towards 
the  earth. 


batayHes  the  conqueste  vyctoryouse  of  the  ryche  and 
second    empyre   of    Ytalye  /   And   that   thriighe   hys 
grete  worthynesse  and  hyghe  fayttes,  he  shulde  hryngo 
vp  ageyne  the  grete  and  fyrst  renomme  of  the  troiens,  4 
and  aHo  the  worlde  snbgcit  to  hys  lawes  /  And  yf  he 
had  hys  hcrte  so  harde  Inclyned  to  the  playsure  of  his 
fowite  delyces,  That  the  desyre  gloryouse  to  conquere 
one  suche    lordshyp  /  coude   not  mowe  bryng   hym  8 
there-to  as  touchythe  honour  of  hys  owne  persone  / 
Atte  the  leste  that  he  have  co?zsideracyo??  that  his  sone 
ascanius,  to   whome  aftre  his  deth  are  due  his  grete 
domynacyo?is,   be   not    pntte    ther-froin  thrughe   hys  12 
deffawte  /  What  niystreth  hym  to  edyfie    cartage,  & 
enhabyte  emonge  his  enmies,  for  to  leuc  &  forsake  the 
no*ble  posteryte  of  ytalye,  and  the  ryche  possessyons 
of  lauyne  /  goo  thou  forth  incontjoient,  to  gyue  hym  16 
commaundement  in  oure  byhalue,  that  he  parfournyshe 
hys  vyage ;  for  this  is  in  effect  thy  message,  and  ende  of 
thy  legacyon  / "  The  whiche  Mercuryus,  desyrynge  to 
acomplysho    the    commaundement    of    his    granfadre  20 
lupyter  /  appoynted  hym  self  f uHe  soone  for  to  f uUe- 
f}He  his  wyHe  /  and  fyrst  he  made  fast  atte  hys  heles 
hys  grete  wyngcs  ouer  gilt,  that  bare  hym  with  the 
■\vyndes,  asweHe  ouer  see  as  ouer  erthe,  hyghe  and  lowe,  24 
where   someuere   ho  wolde  be,  and   toke    the   cepter 
ImperyaHe  of  hys  dyuynyte  /  by  meanes  of  the  whiche 
he  drewe  some  sowles  out  of  helie,  and  made  hem  to 
come  vp  ahighe  to  the  lyghte  /  the  other  he  toke  out  28 
of  lyft",  and  sent  hem  in  to  heUe  /  Also  wyth  his  rode 
he  made  some  to  faHe  a  slepe,  without  neuere  to  wake  ; 
and   the  other  he    made  to  watche  without  ceasse  / 
And  with  this  rodde  fleeynge,  he  deuysed  the  foure  32 
wyndes,  and  departed  the  troublouse  clowdes  that  he 
rocoumtred  in  liys  waye  /  And  trauersynge  from  one 
lande  to  another,  he  perceyued  in  lokynge  aHe  of  ferre, 
the  hyghe  sholders  and  sydes  of  the  strong  Athlas,  that  36 


CH.  XVI.]  MERCURY    ARRIVES    IN    CARTHAGE.  63 

susteyned  the  heuens  vpon  his  hedJo.     This  Athlas       cap.  xvi. 
was  a  geant,  strong  and  myghty  a-boue  aHe  otlier  /  &  Mercury  rests  a 

simce  with  Atlas, 

bycaiise  that  y®  heuens  were  not  stedfast  of  one  syde,  &   iiis  wnciv,  wiio 

su]ijMirts  tliB 

4  sometyme  dyde  bowe  atte  other  part,  the  goddes  dide  heavens, 
tourne  hyni  in  to  a  hyghe  mouJitayne,  for  to  susteyne 
the  heuens.  And  vpon  his  hed,  in  stede  of  hcrys,  he  is 
aH  garnysshed  of  sapyn  trees  and  of  hooly  trees,  that 
8  be  contynuHy  beten  &  cast  of  the  wyndes,  and  sore 
couered  with  clowdes  fuHe  derke  /  his  sholdres  are 
couered  with  snowe  atte  aHe  season  of  the  yere ;  &  out 
of   his   grete  chyne,  issue/?    grete   flodes,  &  fo?itaines 

12  rewing  doune  without  cesse  alo??ge  his  terrible  berde,  of 

whiche  the  borders  and  shores  in  stede  of  *heres  ben      [*sign.  E  iiij] 
garuyshed  wyth  thycke  yse  /  And  incontynent  the  sayd 
niercuryus  drewe  thyderwarde,  for  to  festye  the  sayd 

16  athlas,  that  was  his  vncles  brother,  vnto  his  moder  named 
laye  /  &  sette  hymself  vpon  his  sholdres,  where  he  was 
a  whyle  to  reste  hym  /  And  after  toke  his  flyghte  as  a  and  then  flies  to 
byrde,  streyght  towarde  the  see  of  lybye,  fleyng  lowe,  & 

20  syn  hie,  restynge  hymself  vpon  the  roches  alonge  the 
shores  of  the  see,  takynge  hys  dysportes  as  a  byrde 
that  pruneth  or  pycketh  her  /  so  that  he  cam  by  pro- 
cesse  of  tymo,  from  a-boue  the  sholdres  of  his  sayd 

24  vncle,  vnto  the  sandy  shores  of  the  see  of  Lybye  /  & 

from  thens  he  entred  wythin  cartage,  where  he  fonde   'le  finds  Aeneaa 

•^  °  '  building  in 

eneas,  that  buylded  towres  &  other  grete  edyfices,  aH   Carthage, 
ocupyed  for  to  make  vp  the  cytee  of  cartage  /  and  had 

28  a  bystorye  or  wepen  crysolite  /  as  it  were  a  lityl  swerde 
crosseles,  that  hafted  was  wyth  iasper,  wel  enryched  & 
garnysshed  wyth  fyne  golde,  hangynge  at  a  silken  lase 
by  his  side  /  and  hadde  a  sleue  vpon  his  lifte  harme, 

32  of  fyne  cremoysin  aHe  drawen  ouer  wyth  golde  wyer, 
right  wau/<tanly  Avouen  /  whiche  the  ryche  dydo  had 
made  wyth  her  owuc  handes,  &  had  gyue  it  to  him ;  to 
the  whiche  eneas,  the  sayd  mercuryus  adressed  him,  i^ 

36  said  in  this  manere  /  "  Man  cfEemynate,  wythout  honour, 


64  MERCURY    DELIVERS    JUPITEr's    MESSAGE    TO    AEXEAS.       [cH.  XVI. 

CAP.  XVI.       rauysslied  in  to  dileectac/on  femynyne,  that  hast  lefte  & 
Mercury  rebukes  forgoten  thi  royame,  &  habandouued  thyn  owne  thynges, 

Aeneas  sternly 

I'oriiiseHeniinacy  for  teutende  to  v*  straiige  ;  why  wvlt  tJiou  edvfie  this 

and  forgetful-  "^  o     >  j        j  j 

"ess,  citee,  thus  moche  magnyfique,  wlierof  tlwn  hast  taken  4 

the  fou??dementes  in  this  place  that  is  not  thyne  /  That 
same  god  rcgnynge  in  the  clere  heuyn,  that  of  liis  god- 
hed  doeth  moeue  bothe  the  heuens  &  therth  /  hath 
cowimau?«dcd  me  to  come  hastely  towarde  the,  thrugh  8 
the  hie  regyons  of  thayer,  to  bryiige  vnto  the  his  com- 
maundementes.  What  cometh  to  the  byfore  /  that  thou 
wyl  rebuylde  here  ?  what  hope  hast  thou  to  abide  ydle 

[•leafEiiij,        in  this  laudes  of  Lybyel  *vvylt  enhabyte  thiselfe  in  a  12 

back] 

strange  contrey,  and  leue  the  co«queste  of  thyn  oune 
herytage  /  And  yf  the  glorye  of  this   thyng  /  whiche 
vnto  the  oughte  to  be  desiderable  /  can  not  moeue  the 
delivers  theruuto  /  dredynge  the  peyne  &   the   traueyl  of  the  1 6 

Jupiter's  com-  i  •  i         i 

mand  for  him  to   co?iqueste,  w^hiche  thou  oughtest  to  attrybute  to  honour 

go  to  Italy, 

inagnyfyque  as  to  thy  persone  /  atte  leeste  byholde 
wyth  pyte  thyn  heyre  Yolus  /  to  whom  the  royame  of 
ytalye  /  &  the  ryche  contre  romayne,  are  due  after  thy  20 
deth  by  ryght  heredytali ;  &  doo  bi  suche  manere  of 
wyse,  that  the  loeuynge  be  vnto  the  attrybuted  /  to 
haue  made  conquest  therof  /  "  The  whiche  thynges  thus 
sayd,  the  sayd  Mercuryus  /  yet   spekynge,  vaynyssed  24 

and  vanishes.       oute  of  eneas  Sight,  as  a  thyng  that  one  see  of  ferre  / 
alwayes  drawynge  from  hym  abak,  tyH  that  it  is  seen 

Aeneas  is  at  first  nomore  :  Wherof  this  eneas  was   sore  afrayed,  of  the 

confounded, 

grete  vysion  deyfyque  that  he  had  seen,  soo  that  he  28 
abode  as  a  man  rauysshed  out  of  his  wytte,  wythout 
speche  ;  his  heeres  byganne  to  greseH,  &  dresse  vpward  / 
the  arteres  formatyue  of  speche  were  stopped  wythin 
hym  /  in  somoche  that  he  myght  not  speke  for  tlie  32 
grete  horrour  &  fere  that  he  had  had,  desiryng  abowe 
aH  thynges,  to  fieo  &  leue  this  swete  controes  of  cartage, 
for  to  fynde  a  place  of  surete,  thyukyng  in  hymselfe  te 
be  in  dauwger  of  his  persone  /  as  longe  as  he  dwetieth  36 


CH.  XVII.]       AEXEAS    ORDERS    HIS    MEN    TO    DEPART    SECRETLY.  65 

there  /  Avythsta?idyng  the  iimectyue  monycyons   doon       cap.  xvii. 
to  hvni  by  tlie  co??iraan?Klement  of  the  goddis,  &  knowe  not  knowing 

•'  ■'  °  wliat  to  do  in 

not  wliat  to  doo  /  so  iiioche  he  is  esprysed  of  sodayn   this  emergency ; 

4  sorowe  immense  /  nor  by  what  wayes  he  maye  notyfye 
thees  thynges  to  Dydo,  ne  what  termes  he  shaH:  take 
at  the  begynnyng  of  his  Avordes  /  hymsclf  to  valyde,  & 
to  gyue  a  coloure  to  his  byfaHe  /  &  abode  longe  in 

8  this  thoughte   doubtouse   and  varyable,  wythoute  to 
sette  his  purpose  to  condescende  to  ony  parte  of  that 
he  wold  do,  vnto  *the  ende  that  it  semed  hym  for  the       [*ieafE5] 
beste.   to    caHc   thre  of  hys    knyghtes  /   One   named  then  calls 

Mnestheiis, 

12  Nestor,  a  nother   Serceste   /  and   the   thirde   is  the  Sergestus,  and 

'  °  '  Cloanthus,  and 

stronge  Cloant ;  to  whome  he  commaunded,  that  aHe  wds  thenipre- 

°  '  '  pare  the  fleet 

secretly   they   sholde   doo    make   redy   his    shyppes  /  jg'^'^rture'"^ 
assemble  theyre  folke  /  take  theyre  armeures  and  aHe 

16  other  appareylle,  for  to  depart  incontynent  thai  he 
shold  ordeyne  ;  And  that  they  sholde  doo  this  couertly, 
in  dyssymulyng  their  goyng  /  to  thende,  that  yf  it  were 
aperceyued  by  some  waye  /  men  shold  wene  that  it 

20  were  a  manere  of  a  feynynge  : 

^  How  dydo,  knowyng  the  departyng  of 
eneas,  ranne  thriigli  the  cytee  of  cartage, 
as  a  woman  disperate,  and  from  herselfe. 
24  Capitiilum  xvij 

THe  felawcs  right  gladly  dyd  fulfyHe  ryght  soone  They  obey 
the    co??imaundement    of    eneas  /  the    whiche,  ^*  ^" 
trowynge  that  dydo  sholde  neuer  haue  thoughte  vpon  Aeneas  doubts 

how  to  break  tho 

28  y®  brekyng   of   soo  grete  a  loue,  nor  that  he  wolde  matter  to  Dido, 
habandoune  &  leue  her,  stroof  wyth  hymself  /  by  what 
wayes  he  myghte  signyfie  it  vnto  her,  in  what  wordes  / 
or  what  hour  /  and  in  what  maner,  moost  honeste,  for  to 

32  gyue  her  lessc  sorowe.     But  the  queue  dydo,  atysed  of  Dido  suspects 
the  grete  couetyse,  enfla»niicd  wyth  desirouse  loue  that 
can  neuer  be  sacyate  ynoughe  /  felte  firste  this  barate  / 
by  cause  that  the  fyne  Lnicr  that  alwayes  kcpeth  hym 

ENEYDOS.  P 


66     dido's  grief  at  aeneas's  approaching  departure,  [oh.  xviji. 

CAP.  XVIII.      selfe  wytliin  his  warde,  and  fyndetli  noo  thynge  soo 

sure  but  that   he  putteth   it  in  adoubte,  can  not  be 

Dido  hears  of  liis  lyghtely    deceyued.      For   fame,  that   euyH   godde.ssB, 

iJieparations,  , 

reporteth  vnto  her  that  Eneas  made  his  nauye  to  be  4 
armed  and  repay  red,  wherby  she  ymagnyeth  fyrste  / 
that  he  dyde  soo  for  to  departe  /  and  goo  oute  of  her 
and  rushes  out     lande ;  &  Incorztynente,  as  aHe  furyouse,  &  oute  of  her 

madly  into  the 

city,  wytte,  toke  to  styre  her  selfe,  &  ra?2ne  tlirugh  y*  citee  8 

of  cartage  as  a  mad  woman,  as  thyas  y®  grete  prestresse 

[•  leaf  E  5,  back]   dyd  in  tyme  *  passed,  whan  she  wente  to  incyte  and 
somen   the    matrones   and   yonge   maydens,    to   renne 
furyously  and  wythout  shame,  thrughe  the  towne  by  12 
nyghte  to  the  feast  /  and   sacryfyces  of   the   goddes 
Bachus  and  Venus,  atte  the  daye  of  theyr  solempnyte 

%  How  dydo  sorowfully  be  way  lied  the  de- 
partynge  of  Eneas,  by  swete  and  amyable  16 
wordes  Capitulu;^  xviij 

Bushing  wildly        k    N^d  thus  tennynge  aboute,  she  recounted  Eneas, 

about  the  /I  j     o  >  > 


streets,  she  XA.     to  whom  by  grete  dysconxforte,  reforced  wvth 

encounters  o     a  j  j  j 

Aeneas,  and  tries  merueyllouso  sorowe  /  wherof  her  herte  was  surprysed  20 
Tuadehini'to        ^^  ^^^^  accumylacyou  of  extreme  dysplaysur,  she  sayd 
remain,  these  wordes,  halfe  by  manere  of  a  reproche,  in  dolaunte 

lamentacyons,  rewthes  and  complayntes  /  "  0  ryght  dere 
eneas,  sedycious  &  ryght  cruel  /  how  haste  thou  had  24 
the  herte  so  vntrue,  to  thynke  so  grete  a  treson  /  as  for 
to  wyH  departe  out  of  my  lande  sodaynl}'^,  wythout  to 
make  me  a-knowen  therof  /  Is  there  thenne  nothyng  in 
the  worlde  that  can  make  the  to  abyde  here  %  nother  the  28 
grete  loue  that  is  bytwyx  vs  bothe,  wherof  we  haue 
somoche  loued  eche  other,  the  grete  recuel  that  I  haue 
reminds  him        doon  to  the  /  the  grete  ayde  &  secours,  the  worshyp 
hiiu  after  ws'^^     that  tlioxi.  hast  had  of  me,  whan  I  receyued  the  in-to  my  32 
londe  /  that  tyme  that  thou  come  firste  to  me  /  as  a 
man  exyled  and  naufraged ;  nor  the  deth  horryble  & 
crueH  that  for  the  I  must  rocciue,  wherof  I  shaH  redyly 


CH.  XVIII.]    DIDO    ENDEAVOURS    TO    PERSUADE    AENEAS    TO    STAY.  07 

slee  my  selfe  at  tlioure  of  thy  departyiig  /  nor  the      cap.  xviii. 
paynes  &  traueylles  that  thenne  I  shaH  must  endure. 
0  man,  of  art  other,  the  moost  forcened  oute  of  tliy  wyt,   warns  him 
4  &  doled  out  of  y*  sure  waye  /  how  in  this  harde  wedder  winter  temi>ests. 
of  wynter,  that  the  wyndes  hen  in  their  furye  /  y*"  see  fuH 
of  tempest  &  of  grete  voraygeouse  wawes,  &  tlie  tyme 
aHe  indisposed  more  than  euer  it  was  /  hast  thon  purposed 
8  to  mou?^te  vpo«  y"  see,  &  to  flee  from  my  presence  /  for 
to   goo  with  a  htyl   puissamzce  to   *  werre  and   here       [*  leaf  e  c] 
greuaunce  to  ytalye,  a  strange  londe  /  wher-from  thou  and  tiie  danger 
shalt  he  sone  expelled  at  thys  tyme  /  For  yf  thy  wiHe   itaiy ; 

12  were  to  goo  to  troye,  thyn  owne  londe  /  yf  she  were 
yet  in  her  beyng  /  &  that  thou  were  weH  sure  to  he 
there  honestly  receyued  /  yet  thou  oughtest  not  to  goo 
there,   nor   to   take  the  see  now,   wythstandynge  the 

16  dauwgeours  aforsayd  /  Alas,  fle  thou  not  from  me !  therof 
I  requyre  the,  &  admonest  the,  for  pyte  of  the  sorowe 
that  I  here,  and  for  the  grete  teeris  flusshyng  doun 
from  myn  eyen,  that  this  to  doo  incyten  &  somone  the, 

20  by  the  swetnes  /  by  thy  weH  AvyHynge,  and  by  the 
yeftes  &  aHe  other  thynges  that  I  haue  doon  vnto  the, 
aHe  at  thyne  owne  wyH,  in  suche  a  "vvyse  that  no  thynge 
I  haue  reserued  for  my  selfe  /  but  that  it  was  aHe 

24  habandouned  vnto  the,  more  redyli  than  to  myn  owne 

body  /  By  oure  kyssynge  and  swete  cuHynge,  by  oure   invokes  their 

past  loves  and 

byhauynge  and  lonely  countenaunces  /  by  our  loyes  pleasures 
and   playsurcs    delycyouse,  in    fyne   loue   bytwyx   vs 

28  mutueH,  wherof  we  haue  loued  eche  other  soo  that  in 
noo  wyse  my  dyligente  thoughte  haddo  neuer  no  wyHe 
to  be  crueH  anemste^  the,  but  hath  be  atte  aHe  tymes   [lanent] 
desirous  for  taccomplysshe,  wythout  ony  gaynsayng, 

32  aHe  that  I  knewe  was  to  thy  playsur  /  And  thenne  yf  to  induce  Wm  to 
I  haue  descrued  to  haue  some  good  of  the  /  &  yf  thou 
euer  toke  playsunce  in  ony  thyng  that  by  mo  cam, 
playse  the,  thenwe,  to  haue  mercy  of  this  poure  desolate 

36  frende,  tliat  shallo   be   sone   brouglite    tu   the   poynLe 

F  2 


68 


dido's    petition    to    AENEAS    TO    STAY    WITH    HER.      [cH.  XVIII. 


CAP.  XVIII. 

recounts  the 
clangers  his 
giiing  wiU 
expose  her  to 
from  the 
Lybians  and 
Tyrians, 


[*  leaf  E  6,  back] 

laments  the  loss 
of  her  good 
name, 


fears  she  will 
fall  into  the 
hands  of  Pygma- 
lion or  Yarbas, 


and  laments  that 
she  has  no  child 
to  remind  her  of 
Aeneas. 


mortaHe,  and  my  cytee  dispeopled  /  and  to  grete  ruyne, 
delyuered    by   thyn   infortunate   goynge;     And   wyH 
cliaunge  thy  courage  /  yf  my  requeste  and  prayers  can 
liaue  place  of  merite  to  acquyre  mercy  ayenst  the.  thou  4 
seest  that  the  folke  of  Lybye  /  the  crueH  tyrauntes  of 
INIyronde,  and  they  of  the  cytee  of  Thyre,  that  many 
tymes  I  haue  offended,  hate  and  haue  enuye  atte  me ; 
for  the;  *my  chastyte  pudyque  and  alie  hee  praysynge  8 
is  there  loste ;  And  my  first  fame  &  goode  renomme, 
wherbi  I   was  electe   &  taken  vp  to  the  sterres  as  a 
veraye  goddesse  /  is  now,  by  thy  departynge,  sodaynly 
extyncted.  why  wolde  thou  thenne  habandoune  and  12 
leue  me,  thy  kynde  loue,  dyscomforted,  Eedy  to  deie  / 
for  to  flee,  passuige  by  this  cou?2trey,  lyke  as  an  hoste 
that  lightly  forgeteth  his  lodgynge  and  the  place  that 
he  goeth  fro,  &  departeth  loyously  ^wy thout  to  haue  1 6 
eny  rewthe  /  therunto  haa  I  perceyue  weH,  that  of  the 
I   wende    to   haue  my   fre^ide,  my   true  husba?2de  & 
espouse  /   &  no   thing  abideth  with  me  nowe  /  but 
onely  the  name  of  an  hoste.  what  can  I  wayte  for  nowe  1  20 
0,  what  recomfort  may  I  haue,  that  am  voyde  from  aHe 
hope  /  and  noon  other  is  there  /  but   to   faile  in-to 
the  handes  of  Pigmalion,  my  crueUe  brother,  kyng  of 
Thyre  /  that  shaHe  comme  take  my  cyte,  and  put  atie  2-4 
to   destructyon,    and   brynge    me   to   mendycyte ;    Or 
that  Yarbas,  kynge  of  Gectuses,  that   I  haue  so  ofte 
indygned  /  for  to  auenge  hys  Iniuryes,  shaHe  reduce 
me  in-to  captyuite   /   Atte  leste,  yf  afore  thy  harde  28 
departynge,  I  had  had  of  the,  som  lynee,  or  som  lyteH 
Eneas  /  that  I  myght  haue  seen  often  playnge  in  my 
haHe,  for  to  take   theratte   som   comforte,  wheryn   I 
shulde  haue  take  my  dy sport  /  thinkynge  vpon  the  32 
reme?«brau?ice  of  the  loyfuH  playsaunce  that  I  haue 
had   of    thy  presence   /  whyche   shuMe   asswage   the 
harde    dysplaysaunce    that    I    shaHe    haue    of    thyn 
absence,  I   shulde   thynke   that   I   were   not   so  sore  36 


CII.   XIX.]       AENEAS    REPLIES  :     THE    GODS    BID    HIM    DEPART.  69 

wasted,  nor  aHe  togydre  habaundouncd,  as  presently       cap.  xix. 
lam/" 

^  How  dyclo,  alle   in  a  rage,  complayned 
4      her  to  Eneas  and  to  the  goddes. 

^  Capitulo  xix. 

OF  the  whiche  "wordes,  Eneas  nut  moeuyng  hym  self 
in  nowyse  /  but  in  holdyng  hys  syght  alwayes  / 
8  Immobyle  atte  anothre  syde  than  vpon  dydo,  &  sighynge 
sore  *  in  his  herte  for  the  loue  that  he  had  hadde  to  her,       [»ieaf  E  7] 
sayd  in  this  manere  /  "  Certes,  quene,  I  answere  not,  but   Aeneas  acknow- 
that  thou  haste  deserued  of  me  moche  more  of  goodes   deserts,  says  he 

■would  not  have 

1 2  than  I  can  nombre,  or  by  som  wyse  thynke  ne  telle  :  gone  secretly, 

^  J  J  ->  >    and  had  not 

and  so  shaH  I  remembre  elysse  as  longe  as  lyffe  shaH:  presumed  to 

"  u  ,/  marry  her. 

abyde  wythin  me  /  and  by  cause  that  thou  hast  spoken 
first,  I  wyU  telle  &  shewe  vnto  the  that  I  wold  not  haue 

16  departed  furtyuely  out  of  thy  land,  vnknowen  ^  to  the, 
but  sholde  haue  sygnyfied  it  vnto  the  /  Also  I  am  not 
come  hider  determyned  to  wedde  the  /  nor  neuer  toke 
presu?npcion  in  me  for  to  do  so,  nor  to  take  aliau?«ce 

20  wyth  the  for  suche  a  cause.     And  yf  the  goddes  wolde   His  own  wish 
suffre  that  I  myghte  vse  my  lif  to  myn  appetyte,  &  to   Troy, 
bo  at  my  fre  wyii  /  I  shold   take  habytac/on  in  the 
grete  troye,  wyth  my  kynsmcn  &  other  that  are  there 

24  abyden,  escaped  from  the  distruct«on  /  And  yet  sholde 

troye  be  made  vp  agayn  by  me  /  but  the  god  Appollo  but  Apoiio 

commands  him 

of  the  cytee  of  tymbre,  wyth  the  oracles,  in  short,  pre-  to  go  to  itaiy, 

and  he  must 

ceptyue  of  the  lande  of  lycye  /  co??zmamiden  me  to  soo  accomi'iish  the 

'■    -^  J    J      /  ft         will  of  the  gods. 

28  in  to  ytalye.  and  syth  that  it  muste  be  thus  doon,  it  is 
my  lande  ^  &  my  desire  to  accomplyshe  aHe  theyr  wyHe  / 
And  it  semeth  that  thou,  oughte  not  in  no  wyse  to  repre- 
hende  me,  ne  to  haue  ^  enuye  vpon  y*  troians,  of  iheyr 

32  goynge  in-to  ytalye,  a  strong  lande,  out  of  theyr  nacyon  / 
sith  that  thou  art  of  thire,  come  from  the  meane  regyons 

*  orig,  unkonwen         -  Fr.  pays.     Strong,  1.  32,  is  cstramjc.        ^  orig.  htne 


70 


AENEAS    DEFENDS    HIMSELF. 


[oh.  XIX. 


CAP.  XIX. 


Both  on  his  own 
account 


[*]eafE7,  back] 


and  his  son's  he 
must  go  to  Italy 
and  carry  out 
his  destiny. 


He  tells  of 
Mercury's 
message  to  liim, 


which  ought  to 
satisfy  her. 


of  fenyce,  to  enliabyte  in  libye,  &  to  take  thy  playsure 
ill  thy  grete  edyfyces  of  cartage,  tliat  thou  doost  make 
presently  for  to  preside  in  hit  /  forsakyng  the  swete 
grouKde,  moder  to  thy  byrth.     For  to  a  peple  yssued  4 
out  of  strange  lande,  is  licyte  to  seke  strange  places  for 
theyr  /  dweHynge.     And  it  sholde  be  a  shame  to  me, 
that  haue  enterprysed  the  conquest  of  ytalye,  to  reside 
in  this  land  of  lybie,  wythoute  to  accomplishe  my  wyage ;  8 
wliiche  thynge  for  to  doo,  I  am  incyted  in  dremys  by 
the  soule  of  my  fader  Anchisis  /  the  whiche,  atte  aHe 
*  tymes  that   the  nyght  obscure  couereth  the  landes 
of  her  shadowes  humyde  /  whan  the  sterres  togyder  12 
maken  theyr  rysyng  /  apyereth  byfore  me  vndre  the 
speche  of  a  terryble  ymage  /  strongely  indygned,  and 
ayenste  me  sore  moeued.     Also  of  a  nother  side  I  am 
sore  contiu-bed  wyth  a  drede  merueyHous,  for  the  grete  16 
Iniurye  that  I  doo  to  my  dere  sone  Ascanius,  whiche, 
by  my  longe  taryenge,  I  doo  pryue  of  the  possession 
of  the  royame  of  ytalye  /  wherof  the  successyon  is  vnto 
hym  due  of  ryghte  heredytalie  /  and  by  veraye  des-  20 
tynacy  after  my  deth  /  but  there  is  no  more  /  by  cause 
that  thou  shalte  not  wene  /  that  of  my  selfe  I  haue 
enterprysed  this  besines  for  to  leue  the  /  yet  in  trouth, 
and  also  I  swere  it  by  thy  heddc,  and  also  by  my  owne,  24 
that  Mercurye,  the  gret  messager  and  grete  Interpretour 
of   the  goddys,  hath  ben  hastely  sente  fleyng  by  the 
ayer  from  lupyter,  souerayne  god,  whiche  hath  brought 
me  maundemente  for  to  departe  aHe  incontynent  /  I  28 
haue  seen  hym  manyfestly,  in  lyght  of  godhed,  to  entre 
the  walles  of  thy  cytee  /  &  aH:  clerly  of  hym  herde  his 
voys  wyth  myn  eerys  properly,  wherfore  it  ought  weH 
to  suffyce  the  /  wythoute  to  presse  me  wyth  wordes  ony  32 
more,  sith  that  the  goynge  and  enterpryse  that  I  muste 
doo  in  ytalye,  is  not  of  myn  owne  wyHe  : " 

11^  sayeng  the  whiche  wordes  by  eneas  /  dydo  lokyng 
at  one  side,  torned  hir  eyen  sodaynli,  wythout  to  36 


CH.  XIX.]  DIDO    RErnOACnES    AENEAS    BITTERLY.  71 

sjieke  iieiicr  a  wordo  /  as  a  persone  furyboir«ile  &  fury-       cap.  xix. 
ous :  and  or  eiier  that  she  coude  saye  oiiy  thyng,  as   Dido  bitterly 

rc]ii-oaclies 

rauysshed   /  helde  her  sighte  aH  mobyle,  wythout  to  Atiuas, 
4  areste  it  vpon  one  thynge  of  a  long  while  /  and  after,  by 
gret  yre,  gad  red  by  immense  sorow  intrysiuque  wythin 
her  hert,  sayd  to  hym  in  this  -wyse  :  "  o  man  right  false  says  he  is 

neither  of  divine 

and  vntriie,  that,  "what  someuer  men  sayen,  was  nener  nor  royal 

descent,  but 

8  borne  of  no  goddesse,  nor  procreated  of  EoyaHe  lynee 
*comyng  of  the  puissaunt  dardanus,  fyrst  founder  of  the       [*  leaf  e  s] 
grete  cytc  of  troye,  but  arte  engendred  of  Caucasus  ^  /  bom  of  Mount 

,.,.  11-  ^        ^^  r    ^      e  \        ^       Caucasus,  wliere 

wluche  IS  a  mou??tayne  terryble  in  ynde,  art  tul  oi  harde  grows  hunger 

that  devours  all 

12  stones  of  dyuerse  fygures,  of  merueyllous  height  that  things, 
recheth  almost  vnto  the  heuyns  /  soo  that  neuer  ony 
birde  myghte  passe  ouer  /  where  groweth  hungre  that 
was  neuer  satysfyed,  to  exstirpe  &  waste  aHe  the  goodes 

16  ccmyng  oute  of  the  erth,  The  which e,  how  be  it  that 
she  hath  chosen  there  her  habytacion,  for  to  deuoure 
aH  thynges  that  corny n  vnde[r]  her ;  AH  this  nethelesse 
suffiseth  her  not  /  but  sendeth  down  her  colde  messagers  / 

20  as  snowe  /  froste,  heyle  /  &  tempeste,  transported  &  caste  and  whence 

come  cold, 

of  the  ayer  by  the  colde  wyndes  into  the  lowe  regyons,  »now,  etc.,  to 

destroy 

and  after  doeth  peryshe  the  trees  &  the  herbes,  the  vegeution; 
corne,  &  aH  other  thynge  growyng  oute  of  the  grou?ide  / 

24  and  this  doon,  whan  she  hathe  no  thyng  more,  [s]he 
parforseth  hyr  self,  wyth  hir  grete  teeth,  to  ete  the  rotes 
vnder  the  grou?ide,  that  haue  hidde  hemself  wythin 
the  entraylles  of  tfierthe  their  moder  /  for  to  achieue 

28  that  aH  were  brought  to  destructyon  /  as  tliow  wylte 
doo  of  me,  in  folowyng  the  co?«lycions  of  y"  subsiduous 
modre  that  hath  made  the  to  be  norysshed  and  fedde   or  ho  has  been 
wyth  the  my  Ike  of  the  tygres  of  Yrcanye,  that  are  miirofthe^ 

32  made  wythoute  to  haue  pyte  of  ony  thynge  that  is  of  Hyfcanfa?**** 
borne  in  this  worlde ;  what  holdetli  me  /  but  that  I 
sliaHe  sone  goo  fro  my  wyttcs,  rcplcnysshed  of  grete 
madnesse  /  why  is  it  that  I  dssymule  to  goo  aHe  oute 
^  orig.  Cancasus.     Fr.  Caucassus. 


72' 


DIDO    USES   VIOLENT    LANGUAGE   TO    AENEAS.  [CH.   XX. 


Dido  upbraids 
Aeneas's  want  of 
feeling, 


prays  to  Juno 
and  Jupiter, 


recounts  her 
benefits  to  hira, 


CAP.  XX.       from  my  wyttes  ?  wlierto  wylle  I  thenne  kepe  my  self e, 
nor  lyue  more  from  liens  forth  /  sytli  that  this  euyH 
man  /  &  a  tray  tour,  for  what  wepynge  that  I  make, 
dayneth  not  gyue  oute  one  only  syghe,  nor  tome  his  4 
eyen  to  loke  ones  vpon  me  /  nor  haue  no  pyte  of  me, 
his  sorowfuH  loue  /  for  to  styre  hym  to  one  sighynge 
only,  or  to  a  tere  desce?jdyng  out  of  his  eyen  /  what  I 
[•leaf  E  s,  back]  ought  to  do  /  ne  what  parte  to  torne  me,  *what  I  may  8 
saye  /  to  what  ende  shold  my  wytte  mow  begynue  ' 
nor  where  to  haue  recours  /  I  wote  not  /  0  goddes 
celestial,  and  luno  grete  goddesse  !  0  lupiter,  and  aHe 
othre  goddes,  gyue  socours  to  me,  thys  vnhappy  /  and  1 2 
wul  permute  rigoure  to  equyte,  in  this  bihalue." 

IF  How  dido,  with  grete  cursynges,  gaf  leu3 

to  Eneas  /  H  Capitulo  //  xx 

"    A    Las,  I  haue  receyued  this  man,  poure,  myserable,  1 6 

JTJl.  and  naufraged  vpon  the  ryuage  of  the  see  /  and, 
as  euyli  aduysed,  haue  kept  hym,  and  weH  entreated, 
and  lyghtly  &  gretly  coloqued,  aboue  the  moost  grete 
of  my  lande  /  his  nauye  I  haue  do  make  ayen,  that  was  20 
leduced  aH:  in  peces ;  his  folke,  that  were  alia  perisshed, 
and    aHe   lyuered    to    deth,    I    haue   delyuered   them 
therfrom,   and   receyued   in-to   my   cyte  /  not   onely 
receyued  /  but  entreteyned  /  furnyshed  and  susteyned,  24 
as  them  of  my  house  /  And  nowe,  for  to  rewarde  me 
therof,  I  haue  the  rage  of  furoure  atte  my  hertc,     0 
disbelieves  the      what   anguyshe  /  what   lesyng,  what   treson   fuH   of 
divine  messages    despe^ac^on  /  how  he   swereth  that  the  god  Apollo,  £8 
by  his  aunsueres  and  augurementes  ^  /  the  sortes  pre- 
ceptyue  of   lycie,  and   the  interpretour  of    the   grete 
god  lupiter,  Mercurius,  messager  of  the  goddes  /  haue 
pressed  hym  strongly,  by  ryght  grete  commaundemcntes,  32 
for  to  goo  ryghte  sone  in-to  ytalye  /  0  aHe  puissaunt 
lyght   permane??t  /  before  whome   no   thynge,  be   it 
^  orig.  angiu'cmcntes 


CH.  XX.]  DIDO    BIDS    AENEAS    GO,    WITH    CURSES.  73 

neuere  so  secret  nor  couertly  hept,  can  not  be  hyd,       cap.  xx. 
how  weneth  this  man,  by  his  false  and   deceyuables 
wordes,  made  stronge  with  right  grete  and  horrible 
4  othes,  to  make  me  to  vndrestande  /  that  ye  aHe  ben 
about  for  to  make  hym  goo  from  me,  as  that  ye  fiad 
non  othre  besynesse  but  only  to  send  doune  youre 
knyghtes  messagers  towarde  hym  /  0,  how  thou  art  a 
8  ryght  stedfast  lyar,  that  dredeth  not  to  caHe  the  true  caUs  him  a  liar, 
goddes  in  testymonage  for  to  con*ferme  thy  lesynge;       [»sign.  fj] 
and  yet  more,  to  Impute  to  theym  that  they  ben  cause 
of  thyn  vntrouth  /  JS'ow  goo,  thenne,  syn  it  is  soo  /  into  and  bids  him  go, 

12  what  someuer  partyes  that  thou  wylt  /  for  I  haue  not 
the  kepynge  of  the  /  I  holds  the  not  in  no  wyse  /  nor 
wyii  not  that  thou  abyde  for  me.  crye  strongly,  and 
caHe   the   wyndes  /  and   doo   the  worste   that   thou 

1 6  canste !  calle  after  Yolus  &  ^N'eptunus,  for  to  lede  the 
in-to  ytalye  !  hie  the,  and  make  it  shorte  /  mounte  vpon 
the  see,  and  tarye  no  lenger  /  For  I  truste  that  the 
goddes  of  equyte  pyetouse,  haue  suche  puyssau»ce,  thou 

20  shalte  abyde  nauf raged  wythin  the  see  /  thy  shyppes   imping  he  win 
broken  ayenste  the  roches  /  and  shaHe  caHe  me  often 
to  thyne  ayde,  in  grete  complayntes  &  merueyllouse 
rewthes,  that  thou  haste  thus  habandouned  me,  dydo, 

24  dysplaysaunte  and  desolate  /  that  sone  shalle  folowe  and  threatens 
the  /  by  fyre  mortalie  inflammed.  &  whan  the  colde  '    * 

deth  shaH:  haue  separed  me,  and  taken  awaie  the  soule  and  that  after 
from  the  body,  my  spyrite  shaH  aproche  the  nyghe  in  spirit  haunt  iiim, 

__  r     -I         n  -n  o  "'"^  liear  how  lie 

2o  all  the  places  of  thy  nagenacyons,  peynes  &  tormentes,   laments  in  iiis 

troubles. 

for  to  see  thy  sorowes,  and  to  here  thy  wepynges  and 
sobbynges,  and  grete  lamentacyons ;  wherof  I  shalle 
make  my  reporte  vnto  the  pryue  goddis,  beyng  in  the 
32  lowe  shadowes  :  " 

t  How  dydo  felle  doun  in  a  swone  /  and 
how  &  in  what  manere  slie  was  borne 
awaye   by   hir   wymen ;    and    also    how 


74         DIDO  SWOONS,  AND  THE  TROJANS  PREPARE  TO  DEPART.      [CH.  XXI. 

CAP.  XXI.  dyligently  the  nauye  of  eneas  was  made 

redy  for  to  goo  in  to  ytalye. 

Capituliim  xxj 

IN  sayeng  the  Avhiche  wordes,  how  be  it  that  dydo  4 
hadde  jjurposed  to  saye  inoche  more  /  she  brake 

said  much  more, 

her  speche  aHe  atte  ones  by  ryghte  grete  sorowe ;  Toke 
and  dystourned  her  eyen  from  the  lyghte  where  she 

Dido  swoons,       was  inne  /  And  f elle  in  a  swoune,  as  alle  ded  to  the  8 
grounde.  she  was  soone  take  vppe  by  her  wymmen, 
that  bare   her  in-to   her  chambre  marbryne,  &   leyd 

[•sign.  Fj, back]  her  vpon  a  lityl  bedde.     Wherof  Eneas,  *how  be  it 

that  he  had  grete  pyte  and  compassyon  of  her,  and  12 
desired  sore  to  comforte  her  wyth  swete  &  amyable 
woordes,  for  to  assuage  her  sorowe  in  grete  sobbynges  / 
for  grete  displaysnre  &  sorowe   that  he  had,  to  see 
his  swete  loue  suffre  suche^  a  peyne  /  Alwayes  he  16 
determyned  hymself,  &  went  his  wayes  for  to  see  his 

and  the  Trojans    shippes  /  Thenne  whan  his  folke  and  maryneres  sawe 

continue  their 


pre 


rarotions'for    hym  /  they  dyd  hie  hemselfe  yet  more  fast  to  werke, 


depar  ure,  ^^^  ^^  haste  their  goyng  /  transported  the  moste  parte  20 

of  the  nauye,  that  was  talowed  /  &  weii  garnysshed 
wyth  pytche  /  oute  of  the  hauen  in-to  the  rode  ;  made 
oores  of  wood   aH   grene,  comynge  new  out  of   the 
forest  /  and  toke  also  ryght  grete  trees,  and  foyson  of  24 
other  tymbre,  for  to  apropre  to  their  other  besinesses, 
in  grete  desire  to   departe  sone   hens,  ye   sholde   se 
troians  of  aH  sides,  that  ranne,  some  dou?avarde  /  and 
thother  vpwarde,  aHe  of  one  wyile  to  haue  furnysshed  28 
They  are  com-      theyr  shippes,  euyn  soo  as  pysmers  are  wou?<te  to  do, 
whose  mc^thod  of  dredyng  sore  the  wynter  /  whan  they  haue  founde  a 
^  shokke  of  whete  or  other  come,  goo  sone  oute  of  theyr 

nest,  and  aHe  by  one  waye,  for  to  here  awaye  their  32 
proye  /  Some  lade  themselfe  /  som  helpen  the  other, 
and  thother  drawe  after  theim  tliai  /  that  they  can  not 
here ;  that  other  commauwdeth  and  setteth  hem  aH  in 
1  orig.  snche 


CH.  XXI.]       DIDO,  IN    GREAT    DISTRESS,  SENDS    FOR    HER    SISTER.  75 

ordre ;  a  notlier  forseth  hym  self  to  swepe  the  place  ;       cap.  xxi. 
a  nother   kepetL,  that  other  hystoweth  it;    And    the  curiously 

described. 

other  iiicyteth  to  make  dyligence  /  one  renneth,  a 
4  nother  cometh  agayn  /  and  that  other  seketh  what  to 
lade  hym  selfe  wyth  aHe.  a  nother  hath  somoche  laden 
that  he  late  faHe  som  by  the  waye  /  And  thenwe  he 
caHeth  for  helpe,  soo  that  the  waye  is  neuer  deliuered 
8  of  theym,  tyH  that  they  haue  doon  theyr  besinesses. 
IF  Alas,  Dydo,  where  is  thy  wytte  bycome,  thy  fayr  Dido  is  in  great 
maynteyn  and  swete  countenaunce  1  what  goode,  what 
loye  /  and  what  playsure,  nor  solace  of  loyefuH  re- 

12  membraunce,  maye  thou  *haue,  byholdyng  vpon  thyse      [•sign,  f  ij] 
thinges   /   What  terys^    and   grete  .sighynges  /  what 
complayntes,  caHynges  and  lamentacyons,  dyde  yssue 
that  tyme  out  of  thy  swete  brest,  whan  thou  were  in 

16  the  highe  lofte^  of  thy  grete  towres,  and  sawe  the  see    ' 
alle  troubled  and  tourmented  with  shyppes  and  orys  / 
IT  0  right  grete  loue  Importunate,  to  whome  aHe  thinge  The  power  of 

Love  over 

diffycile  /  semeth    to  be   facile  for   to    come   to   her  human  strength. 

20  entent  /  how  hast  thou  so  grete  strengthe  oner  the 
corage  humainel  This  dydo,  for  to  serue  the  iiowe, 
fonndreth  aH  in  teeris ;  after,  parforceth  herself  by 
praiers  ;  and  after,  submytteth  hersilf  to  aHe  daungers  / 

24  and  to  aHe  thinges  dyuerse ;  leueth  nothinge,  how 
stronge  that  it  is,  how  sharj),  harde  nor  grete  /  but 
tliat  she  wyl  parforce  herself  for  to  experimente  them 
aHe,  or  euer  she  dclybere  herself  vtterly  to  the  dethe  / 

28  After  she  dyde  doo  caHe  anne,  her  suster  germayne,  and  d\<\o  smds  for 
to  her  recyteth  a  part  of  her  sorowe ;  and  with  grete  shows*'her'tiie 
rewthe  bygannc  thus  to  saye  vnto  her  /  "  Anne  !  beholde  inuingVoi 
and  see  how  this  folke  haste  hcmself ,  &  assemble  from 

32  euery  syde  in-to    the   haucn  /  they  haue  drawen  vp 

alredy  theire   hyghe  sayHes  vpon  the  grete  mastes  of 

theyre  shippes,  aHe  spred  abrodo  ayenst  the  wyndes, 

desirynge^   and    waytynge    after    the    .storme,   for   to 

^  orirj.  treys  ^  orig.  lotfe  ^  orir/.  desiryuge 


dciiarture. 


7$  .  DIDO   REQUESTS    HER    SISTER   ANNE  [CH.  XXI. 

CAP.  XXI.       ledo  hens  the  nauye  aHe  attones,  whiche  they  haue 
garnyshed  wyth  floures,  and  garlandes,  and  "with  crownes 
The  Trojans' joy    in  sygne  of  loye  &  gladnes,  that  niaketh  my  sorowe 
Dido's'sonow,      and  heuynes  to  be  moche  the  greter  /  Alias !  yf  I  had  4 
weH   thoughte  to   haue   fallen   in   the   Inconuenyent 
where  I  fynde  now  myself  ynne,  I  wolde  haue  purueied 
therto  in  suche  wise  /  That  I  shulde  not  haue  come  by 
noo  waye  to  thys  greuouse  tourment  of  mortaHe  sorowe  8 
where  I  am  so  ferre  come,  In  to  the  bytternes  of  grete 
which  she  can       myserie  /  that  by  noo  wyse  I  can  not  here  it  noo 
lenger  /  socorus  to  the,  must  I  the?me  sake,  my  swete 
[*  sign.  Fij,  back]   sustcr,  &  my  right  dere  frende  /  *  saue  my  body  !  saue  12 
so  comes  to  her     me  my  lyf !  and  for  to  doo  this,  I  praye  &  requyre  the, 
that  one  message  only  it  playse  the  for  to  do  for  me, 
towarde  that  traytour,  that  man  of  euyl  corag,  that 
■   hath  loued  the  gretly  /  and  hath  vttered  his  secretes  16 
vnto  the  entierly,  so  that  thou  knowest  his  condic/ons 
&  his  dedes  /  the  places  /  the  houres  &  mouementes, 
and  the  oportunyte  of  the  tyme  moost  propyce  for  to 
and  prays  her  to   speke  wyth  hym.     Goo  thenne  anone,  my  suster,  wyth  20 

go  to  the  false  it    xi       r  i 

Aeneas,  and  show  all  humylite  /  to  rcQuyre  myn  e?<mye  mortan,  the  false 

him  tliat  she  liad 

no  part  in  the       encas,  whiche  is  ayenst  me  so  fyers,  shewynge  vnto 

Greek  con-  ''  ^        ,  ^     ^ 

spiracy  against     jjyjj^   pietously  /  how   I   haue  not  be  in  no  wyse  / 

thynkinge  nor  consentyng  in  the  cursed  yle  of  Aulite,  24 
whan  of  one  assente  aH  the  grekes  folke  swore  that 
troye  shold  be  distroyed  /  The  harde  conspyracion  of 
the  same   grete   excysion   was   made   ferre   from   my 
lande ;  and  neuer  socours  ne  comforte  by  me,  nor  of  28 
my  supporte,  was  gyuen  to  theym,  for  to  doo  that  my 
shippes  nor  my  armye  were  neuer  sent  thyder  for  to 
gyue  greuaunce  to  the  troians  /  nor  neuer  of  me  came 
euyH   vnto  them,  nor  no   thyng  that  was  to  theym  32 
nuysible.    Also  I  haue  not  rented,  vyolated  ne  broken, 
neither  has  she     the  pyramyde  of  his  faders  sepulture.     I  neuer  dyde 
S^sortofwiy;  amys,  nor  neuer  offended  ayenst  hym  /  wherby  he 

ought  to   leue   me   aside  /   Infestamice   obprobre   ne  36 


CH.  XXII.]       TO  BEQ  AENEAS  TO  DELAY  HIS  DEPARTURE  A  LITTLE.  77 

vytupere  to  anchises,  whan  lie  lined,  that  called  hym       cap.  xxii. 
fader  of  Eneas,  nother  to  his  soule  after  his  deth  / 
were  neuer  doon  of  my  behalue  /  Alas  why,  suster,  in 

4  shewynge  thyse  thynges  vnto  hym  /  wyte  of  hym  / 
why  he  hath  nie  in  suche  indygnacyon  /  that  he 
refuseth  to  lene  his  ceres  /  for  to  vnderstande  my 
wordes,  that  ben  soo  iuste  and  resonable,  as  thi  self 

8  knowest :  0  !  he  wyiic  now  goo  soo  hastely,  atte  this 
tyme  whiche  is  so  dau??gerouse  /    atte  leeste  that  it  and  to  asi^  him 
maye  playse  hym  to  grau?2te  a  yefte  to  me,  his  sorowfuH   de/iaituie  tlu 
loue,  that  is  onely  /  that  he  wyHo  tarye  and  dyfierre 
12  his  departynge  vnto  *the  newo  tyme  /  that  the  swete      [*  sign,  f  iij] 
wyndes  shaHe  putte   hemselfe  vp  in  pacify cac/on  of  when  the 

weather  will  be 

the  see  pestilencyaH,  that  then?ze  shaHe  permytte  hym  less  stormy, 
facely  &  lightly  for  to  do  his  vyage  safly.     I  do  not  She  does  not  ask 

him  to  fulfil  his 

16  somone  hym  for  taccomplysshe  his  promyse  simulatvue  promise  of 

"'  ^  "^  f  J  J  marriage,  but 

of  the  mariage  of  vs  two  /  nor  that  he  leue  his  purpose  only  to  delay  his 

'  '^       '■  departure  a 

for  to  goo  in-to  ytalie  /  but   I  requyre  only  that   he  i'^^^*^- 
putte   this    thyng   in    delaye    for  a  certayn  space   of 

20  tyme  /  Duryng  the  whiche,  I  may  induce  my  self  to 
sorow,  &  that  infortune  admynystre  to  me  my  sorowes 
by  proces  of  tyme,  one  after  a  nother,  wythout  to 
suffoke  me  now  vtterli  in-to  the  depe  see  of  amaritude, 

24  wythout  ony  reysing  /  soo  doo,  I  praye  the,  my  suster, 
hauinge  of  me  remembrauHce  /  that  it  playse  the  to 
goo  &  make  vnto  hym  this  ray  present  requeste  /  &  if  Anne  does 

this  she  shall  be 

thus  doynge,  I  shaHe  make  thee  myn  heyre,  to  enioye  Dido's  heir. 
28  &  receyue,  after  my  deth,  y*'  renues  of  aH:  my  londe." 

^  How  eneas  brake  tlie  okeii  tree  for  the 
grcte  loue  of  dydo  Capitulum  xxij 

Tlic  whiche  thynges,  thus  sayd  by  dydo,  Anne  her  Anne  goes  to 
Aeueas. 
^^  suster    Avent    incontynent    towarde     eneas,    to 

make  vnto   hym   her  feble  legacion.   the    whiche   he 

wold  not  grau?it,  by  cause  tliat  the  dyuyno  co»nnau?«de- 

mentis  inhibytores,  that  liad  stopped  his  ceres  of  pite, 

36  were  co?jtrarie  to    the    same ;    and    many  goynges    & 


78 


AENEAS    RESISTS    THE    TEMPTATION    TO    REMAIN.      [CH.   XXII. 


CAP.  XXII. 


Aeneas  resists 
temptation  as  an 
oak  does  the 
tempest, 


despite  all 
blasts. 


[»  sign.  P  iij, 
back] 

The  older  It  is, 
the  more  firmly 
fixed  are  its 
roots. 


So  stands 
Aeneas, 


though  sorely 
moved  by  pity 
for  Dido, 


and  lier  sister's 
remonstrances 
and  apjjeals. 


comynges  were  there  made  of  the  sayd  a»ne  from  one 
parte  to  thother  /  that  fynably  Avere  aH  frustratoire  / 
and  percisted  eneas  /  like  as  a  grete  oke  tre,  aj/tyque  & 
in-uetered  of  many  yeres  among  the  grete  stones  liarde,  4 
strongely  roted,  whiche  is  ofte  caste  of  many  Avyndes  & 
orages,  wherof  the  fours  wyndes  happen  ofte  to  assem- 
ble togider,  one  ayenst  thai  other,  for  to  ouerthrawe 
hym  dou?ie,  &  wyth  their  grete  Wastes  taken  his  hie  8 
brau?iches,  whiche  they  shake  &  bowe  lui-to  y^  grouTzde  / 
&  make  hem  to  braye  &  crie  by  impetuouse  moeuynges,^ 
tendyng  to  distroye  hym  vtterli  /  wherof  y*  gret  tronc 
*auncient,  that  the  more  that  he  is  olde  /  hie  brau?iched  /  12 
spacyouse  &  grete,  the  more  thicke  &  depper  ben  his 
rotes  spred   wythin  therthe,  &  related   bytwyx  th[e] 
harde  roches,  abydeth  euer  styl  ferme,  &  moeueth  by  no 
wyse.    In  lyke  wyse  dyd  semblable  Eneas,  that,  how  be  16 
it  that  he  was  strongli  impelled  in  his  corage  by  y^  per- 
suasions &  harde  lame?ztacz'ons  confyte  in  pietous  teeres 
rewnyng  dou7ie  the  swete  face  of  dydo  /  that  he  somoche 
derly  had  loued,  &  by  her  was  restored  from  deth  to  20 
lyf   /   from   a??guishe   &   calamyte,   in-to   right   grete 
prosperite  /  wherof  y^  reme7?ibrau?;ce  greued  hym  ryght 
sorowfuHy  by  incytacz'on  compatyble,  whiche  admow- 
nesteth  hym  to  socoure  this  dolant  lady  /  the  whiche  24 
by  her  snster  maketh  hym  to  be  induced  to  doo  the 
same  /  by  many  exhortactons  &  pyetous  remo?/strances 
excytatiue  of  aH  weH:  wyHyng  noryce  of  loue  in  dylec- 
tton  mutueUe  of  swete  charite  /  condolaunt  ouer  them  28 
thai  ben  affliged  /  aH  this  nethelesse,  the  resolucion 
intrinsque  of  his  courage  is  euer  reduced  to  thobey- 
ssau«,ce  of  y*  goddes,  &  to  their  deuyne  co?7imau7?de- 
mentes,the  whiche,  aH  tliise  thynges  reiecte  from  hym,  32 
he  enterprised  for  taccomplysshe  after  his  power  : 

Al^'d  what  wyHe  y*  swete  fenyce,  foundrynge  in 
teeres  /  thai  for  ony  thyng  that  she  may  saye  / 
do,  or  tliynke,  can  not  co?Hierte  the  courage  of  eneas  1  she  36 
1  orig.  moenynges 


CH.  XXII.]       dido's    terrible    sorrow    at    AENEAb's    REFUSAL.  79 

taketh.  her  recours  to  wyshe  deth,  ouer  moche  noyeth      cap.  xxii. 
her  to  lyue  lenger  in  this  worlde  /  fleeth  aH:  mowdayn  Dido's  great 
playsurs  /  fleeth  recomforte  &  aH   companyes,  fleeth 
4  v^  palavces  &  her  chambre  arayed,  fleeth  y*  lyghte  of  she  avoiiis 

J     l        -J  •'       '  J       JO  company  and 

y''  daye  /  fleeth  the  so?me,  &  the  heuyn  shynynge  /  In  the  light  of  day. 
her  closet  hideth  herself,  sore  sighyng,  makynge  grete 
sorowe.  But  yet,' for  to  augmente  more  her  sorow  in 
8  desperaczon,  thus  hid,  &  makynge  her  secret  sacrifyces 
wyth  y^  lyght  of  the  fyre  brennyng  &  ewflamed  vpon 
her  pouldres  of  fra?2kencens,^  wherof  she  decored  her 
oblac^ons  for  to  Immole  byfore  thawtres  of  her  temples, 

12  *she  sawe  &  aperceyued  horryble  thynges  that  made      [*  sign,  p  iiij] 
her  fulsore  affraied,  moche  more  than  she  was  to-fore  / 
that  is  to  wite,  the  holy  waters  dedicate  to  the  sacr[i]-  jjg^  sacrifices  go 
fice,  became  blacke  &  obscure,  &  chauwged  in  horrible  ''*''''"2- 

16  licoure.  And  also  apperceyued  how  the  good  wynes  of 
swete  odour,  ordeyned  for  the  lybacions  or  washynges 
of  the  sacryfices,  were  co?merted  &  tourned  in  spece  of  Her  visions  and 

delusions  are 

bloode  crueH,  aH  dede,  &  almost  rotyn,  whiche  for  cer-  dreadful,  but  she 

'  '  "^     '  keeps  them 

20  tayne  was  to  her  a  harde  thinge  to  beholde  /  wherof  secret. 
a  grete  malencolie  enuaded   thewne  her  herte  &   her 
wittes,  aH  ynoughe  troubled  of  the  thynges  precedent  / 
whiche  thinges  she  kept  clos  &  shette  withynne  the 

24  shryne  of  her  sorowfuH  thoughte,  without  to  notyfye 
them  to  eny  body  lyuynge  /  aHe  were  he  neuer  so 
gretly  her  frende,  not  oneli  to  her  suster  anne,  that 
afore  had  weH  knowen  aH  her  secrete  thoughtes  &  other 

28  pryue  thinges ;  amonge  the  whiche  she  hadde  a  lyteH 

sacraire  of  marbeH,  made  in  manere  of  a  temple,  in  Her  shrine  in 
remembrau?ice  of  Sycheus,  that  his  brother  pygmalyon  Sycheus,  herWst 
liad  putte  to  destruction  /  whiche,  duryng  the  maryage 

32  of  liem  two,  dede  haunte  there  fuH  ofte  /  and  made  it 

to  be   weHe  ornated   &   hanged   with  fayre  tappytes 

white,    &    crowned    weH    rychely   with    crownes    of 

golde,  weH  enameyHed,  &  ryght  curiously  &  proprely 

^  oritj.  fra/tkenceus 


80 

CAP.  XXII. 


From  this  shrine 
she  seems  to 
hear  her 
husband's  voice. 


[*  sign.  P  iiij, 
back] 


She  hears  the 
owl, 


the  bird  of  111- 
oiuen  and 
darkness, 


vhich  sits 
almost  nightly 
on  her  palace, 


and  moves  her 
to  weeping  with 
its  moanings, 


to  her  prophetic. 


DIDO    SEES    VISIONS    AND    OMENS.  [CH.  XXII. 

kerued    /    &    of   other   somptuouse  thynges    in   grete 
lionoure   &   reuereiice    /    out   of  y*"  whiche    sacrayre, 
w[i]thin  tliG  temple  aforsayde,  after  that  this  dydo  had 
vtterly  submytted  &  dedicate  her-self  to  eneas,  out  of  tlie  4 
place  of  maryage,  in  brekynge  her  first  feithe  promysed 
to  sycheus  /  her  semed  that  she  herd   come  ther-out 
often  some  voyces  of  her  sayde  late  husbande,  Sycheus, 
hym  complaynynge,  and  blamynge  her  by  cryes  and  8 
lamentacyons,  in  right  grete  wepynges  &  quaretlouse 
plaintes  /  and  after,  atte  euen,  about  y^  gooyng  vnder 
of  y*'  so?zne,  whan  y^  derk  night  taketh  y*  landes  vnder 
her  gouernance  /  she,  beynge  alle  alone  *in  her  secrete  12 
and  pryue  houses  /  vnderstode  &  herde  at  euery  owre 
the  owle,  whiche  is  a  byrde  fieyng  by  nyght,  ferynge 
ye  lyghte  of  the  daye  /  wherof  the  song  termyncth  in 
pyetous  extermynacion,  whiche  dooth  quake  &  fereth  16 
thertes  of  the  hereers,  &  constristeth  theym   wyth  a 
sorowfuH  mynde ;  wherby  it  is  sayd  that  he  is  a  byrde 
mortaHe,  or  otherwyse,  denouncer  of  mortalite,  And 
co«uerseth  often  in  the  chircherde,  vpon  the  temples  &  20 
symulacres,  &  in  places   that   ben   solitare   &   pesty- 
le?zcious   /   this    byrde    a-boue    declared,    cam   almost 
euery  nyght  vj^on  the  temples  &  hie  pynacles  of  the 
palayce  &  cyte  of  elysse,  in  syngyng  of  fyne  manere,  in  24 
grete  draughtes  &  of  a  longe  brethe,  his  right  sorowf uH^ 
songe  /  soo  that  ryght  often  he  moeued  of  dydo  the 
corage,  iii-to  grete  teres  &  sobbynges  malencolyouse,  f  uH 
of  trystesses  &  meruey House  thoughtes.  and  of  another  28 
side,  come  to  her  remembrau?2ce  the  grete  iustyces  & 
dyuynac/ons  presagyous  &  aruspycyous,  vnto  her  tolde, 
&  so?ntyme  denoujzced,  by  the  auguryes  ^  &  prenostyca- 
tures  of  her  harde  and  aduerse  fortunes,  that  to  her  32 
were  frustred  /  wherof  the  most  parte  she  had  weH: 
knowen  &  approued  to  haue  ben  veritable  /  that  con- 
tryste  her  alwayes  to  sorowe  more  than  afore  /  After 
^  orig.  sovowfnll  ^  orig.  anguryes 


CH.  XXII.]  dido's  miserable  condition.  81 

whiles  that  she  is  lieng  iu  her  bedde,  wenynge  to  slepe       cap.  xxii. 
&  take  souk;  reste,  horrible  dremes  &  cruel,  comen  to-   pido  dreams  that 
fore  her  in  hir  niynde  /  that  tormente  her  in  tremoure   her  to  destroy 

4  merueyllous ;  her  hert  semeth  somtyme  that  eneas 
foloweth  her  of  nyghe,  as  alio  forcened,  replenysshed 
wyth  rage  &  tormented  in  f uroure,  for  to  distroye  her,  & 
vtterly  subcombe  her  in-to  persecucyon  extreme  /  And 

8  after  seeth  herselfe  lefte  all  alone  wythout  companye, 

goyng  by  longe  wayes,  dystroied,  deserte  &  vnhabyted, 

as  a  woman  loste,  vagau?it  aboute  the  landes  vnknowen 

to   her  /  where  she  goeth.     After,  wyth  this   dreme 

12  Cometh    to  her  aduyse,  that  her  cyte  and  landes  of 

Cartage    are   aH    dystroied    *andi  tourned   in   exyH  /         [*  leaf  F  5] 
wherfore    she    lleeth,    for    doubte    to    be    taken,  and   also  that 

Carthage  is 

retourneth  towarde  the  marche  of  thyr,  wenynge  for  to  destroyed, 
16  come  to  a  place  of  sauete  :  but  sodaynly  co^imeth  tofore 
her  in  her  remenbrau?2ce,  the  grete  Iniurye  that  she 
hathe  doon  to  the  tyrynes  /  withdrawen  theire  folke, 
&  taken  theire  goode,  and  aHe  the  rychesses  of  sycheus  / 
20  the  whiche  to  be  had,  pygmalion,  kynge  of  aHe  the 
lande,  made  hym  to  be  slayne  and  mordred  falsly ; 
wherfore  she  doubteth  lest  asmoche  shulde  be  doon  to   but  she  fears  to 

1  ci  jji-1  »iii  1  ■!•        return  to  Tyre, 

her  yi  she  went  tnidre.     And  thus  she  remayneth  in   dreading  Pygma- 
lion's vengeance. 
24  this  poynt  desolate,  without  eny  hope  of  some  refute  to 

haue,  as  aH  tourned  from  herself  for  grete  sorowe  in-to 

a  rageouse  franesye ;   euen  thus   as  was  the   sone  of 

pantheus   cardynus,  Avhan,  in  his  grete  furyosite,  was 

28  conucrted  and  tourned  by  Acho  out  of  his  witte,  so 

that   hym   semed   that   he   sawe  the  felawes   of   the 

Emmendes  and  aHe  theire  excercyte  /  that  is  to  wite, 

Thesypho,  Megere,  and   Atheleto,  thei   thre  furyouse   She  is  like  Pen- 

.  .  thcus  tortured  by 

32  goddesses,  infernaHe,  incytatyue  to    aHe  euyH  thynge,   the  Furies, 
that  dystroyen  and  bryngen  aHe  to  nought,  kutten  and 
choppen  /  breken  and  marrcn,  aHe  the  werke  and  subtyH 
artyfyce  that  men  haue  made  /  Clotho  and  also  Latheser, 

^  oriy.  aud 
ENEYDOS.  G 


82      dido's    visions.       CADMUS    the    inventor    of    letters,     rcil.  XXII. 


The  Fates 
produce  nil 
creatures. 

Dido  sees  two 
suns. 


Two  cities  of 
Tliebes. 


I*  leaf  F ; 


CAP.  XXII.      that  neuer  ceassen  to  spynne  and  weue  /  To  sette  to  gyder 
and  to  coagule  aHe  natives  for  generacyon  /  Wherof  are 
produced  aHe  the  creatures  that  out  of  the  erthe  ben 
heued  vp  to  the  ayere.     Of  another  syde  she  saw  also,  to  4 
lier  seniynge,  two  sonnes  shynynge  one  by  another,  that 
presente  hemself  by  symulacyon  wythin  the  fantasme 
of  lier  entendement,  aHe  troubled  in  grete  confusyon  of 
dysplaysures  and    sorowes  excessyue,  aHe   dyuerse  in  8 
contrary  qualyte   /  And   y*    two  thebes,  grete    citees 
merueyHouse,  that  appieren  in  aduysion  to  be  bifore  her 
eyen  /  whiche  to  her  semyng  are  bothe  properly  one 
back]  lyke  another  /  How  be  it  that  there  was  neuer  *but  one,  1 2 
whiche  a  kyng  of  grece  caHed  cadinus,  made  so??ityme, 
Cadinus  (Cad-       that  lounde  fiist  y^  lettres  &  the  arte  of  writyncf,  whiche 

iiuis)  of  Thebes,     ,  .  . 

the  fir.st inventor  he  Sent  iu  to  diuerse  cou?itrees,  &  prvncipallv  in  the 

of  letters  and  _  y  f  J        f      J 

writing.  land  of  fenice,  wherre  he  made  scriptures,  grete  bokes  &  16 

cronicles  /  lerned  the  folke  to  rede  &  to  Avrite  /  wherof 
right  grete  lawde  was  to  him  attribued,  to  haue  fou«de 
hy  subtyH  artyfice  suche  a  manere  of  waye,  that  men 
may  doo  knowe  aH  his  wiHe,  &  notyfie  it  to  whome  he  20 
AviH,  by  one  symple  lettre,  be  it  nyghe  or  ferre,  be  it  of 
peas  or  of  were,  of   amyte,   or  of   eny  other  thing  / 
without  to  departe  himself  from  his  place,  but  onely  by 
a  messager  whiche  is  sent  ther  /  whiche  haply  shaHe  24 
knowe  nothing  of  the  niatere  /  &  aHe  be  he  dombe  or 
specheles,  yf  he   take  tlie  lettre   vnto  hym  whome   it 
is  dyrected  vnto,  howe  be  it  that  he  were  atte  roome  or 
in  nauarre,  in  hongary  or  in  englande  /  he  shaH  therby  28 
vnderstande   the  desyre  of  hym  that  hath  sente  suche 
a  messager  vnto  him  /  wherbi  yet  atte  tliis  owre,  Avith  a 
good  right  &  a  luste  cause,  is  lefts  of  the  god  cadynus 
here  in  erthe  his  grete  loenge  and  good  reno??imee,  that  32 
neuer  shal  be  extyncted  nor  anychiled,  nor  here  after 
abolished.     But  in  token  of  this,  that  the  first  lettres 
wherof  he  was  iuventour,  came  out  of  fenyce,  equypared 
to  purpre  coloure,    By  cause  that  in  that  countrcy  were  36 


A  digression  on 
the  art  of 
writing. 


The  first  letters 
were  purple. 


CH.   XXII. J     dido's    sufferings    compared    to    those  of  ORESTES.       83 

the  pourpre  clothes  fyrst  made,  and  the  coloure  founde  /      cap.  xxii. 
"We  wryte  yet  in  cure  kalenders  the  hyghe  festes  wyth   Red,  i.«.  purple, 

letters  are  still 

rede    lettres    of    coloure    of   purpre  /  And  the   grete  ^std  to  signify 

feasts  in  our 

4  capitaHe  lettres  of  the  bvtrynnyncfe  and  princypaP  of  calendars, ai.dto 

1  JoJ        J     O  I  Jl  head  psalms  and 

the  psalmosand  chapytres  wythin  oure  bookes,  ben  aHe   ci»apters. 

niayde  fayre  ther  wythaHe.  IT  But   yet  the  grete 

trybidacon  of  Elysse  is  equypared  to  that  of  horrestes,   Dido's  sutrerings 

compared  to 

8  the    sone   of    Agamenon,   wetle    ofte    recyted  in    the   tiiose  of  Orestes, 
comedies  senoyses,  inakynge  mencyon    Howe,  In  sygne 
of  vengau?«ce    of  the  dethe  of  hys  fader.  And  turpy- 
tude  *dyshonest  of  clytemestra  his  moder,  after  thoc-         [*ieafF6] 

12  cysion  of  her,  &  that  he  torned  himself  in-to  furiosite, 
him  semed  tJiat  he  sawe  incessaimtli  his  saide  -moder 
clitniestra  /  or  proserpine  of  heH,  the  grot  goddesse  /  or   who  for  the  slay- 
the  moder  of  y''  eme?«des  that  I  haue  named  aboue,  aH   was  horribly 

16  enflamed  in  y^  face  with  fire  brennyng  /  &  the  lied  aH    Proserpine. 
fuH  of  right  grete  serpentes,  graffed  there-vpon  as  thike 
as  heerys,  that  pursued  hym  at  aHe  houres,  in  aHe  places, 
for  to  distroye  hym,  in  makynge   vyndicacion  of  the 

20  detli  of  his  sayd  moder  /  And  forto  distourne  &  haue 
himse[l]f  a-side  from  there  waie  /  was  co?;seiH:ed  by 
piladis  for  to  goo  or  transporte  himself  in-to  delphos,  & 
to  flee   anone   hastly  aH  streighte  vnto  y°  temple  of  and  attempting 

24  appoHo  /  the  wiche  horrestes,  trowinge  by  this  subtyl   Delphi,  was  an- 

ticijiated  by  the 

meane  to  be  escaped  /  whan  he  was  come  byfore  y*^  gate  goddess,  and  so 

lost  all  hope. 

of  the  sayd  temple,  or  there  aboute  /  he  fonde  the 
forsayd  goddesses  infernaU,  that  sette  there  ouer  thentre 

28  of  the  sayd  temple,  as  a-waytyng  there  after  his 
comyng,  Avhiche  was  to  hym  more  greuous  a  thyng 
than  it  was  a-fore  /  Avher-by  he  lost  thenne  the  hope  of 
his  entcnt  /  The  sayd  elysse,  vaynquysshed  &  ouercome 

32  of  the  grete  ajjguysshes,  sorowes  &  heuynesses,  whiche 
dyde  flowe  at  her  herte  in  grete  babou?;dance,  one  vpon 
a  notlier  /  as  admonestemcntes  &  incytacions  whiche 
somono   to    procure   y''   dcth   /   proposed    then?je    to 

1  ori(j.  itiiucypal 

O    2 


B4:  DIDO    SENDS    FOR    HER   SISTER   ANNA.  [CH.   XXIII. 


CAP.  XXIII.  ]iabandou?ie  herself,  &  vtterly  determyned  for  to  deye  / 
So  Dido  loses  &  tlyd  delibere  in  herself  of  the  manere  more  ho?iest  / 
&  of  the  tyme  couenable  to  thai  same,  how  &  in  what 
manere  she  myghte  do  hit  /  &  shortly  expose  herself  to  4 
deth  /  &  she  beyng  in  this  tryst  thoughte,  after  her  con- 
clusion  taken,  &  her  fayt  arrested  /  sent  to  her  swete 
She  sends  for       suster  aiiiie  for  to  come  toward  her  /  &  couered  her 

her  sister. 

tryst  thonght  wyth  a  manere  of  gladnes  ynough,  not  8 
wiHyng  to  manyfest.  ne  bi  no  wise  to  declare  vnto  her, 
the  caas  nor  the  coweluc/on  /7«^t  she  laad  taken  of  her 
deth  /  biitassone  as  she  was  com, went  &  said  to  her  in 
[» leaf  F 6,  back]   this  ma*nere  : —  |2 

%  Of  the   wordes   of    dydo   to   hir   suster 
anne/  Cap  /  xxiij 

MY  right  dere  suster  &  parfite   frende :  wil   ye 
reioysshe  my  corage  to  the  reco?nfort  of  my  16 
sorowes  and  bitternes  1     Veryly  I  haue  enquyred  yf  it 
Tells  her  she         Were  iiot  possible  for  to  fynde  som  waye  to  pease  & 

wishes  to  find  ,  ,       ,i  ,  n  i  r    t  i 

some  way  out  of    make  swcte  the  grete  euynes  wheroi  i  am  esprysed, 

li6r  sorrows 

&  to  departe  myself  without  heuynes  from  the  grete  20 
loue  that  I  haue  to  eneas,  or  to  make  hym  to  remeue 
&  retourne  toward  me  without  tarynge.  &  so  moche 
I  haue  doon  by  my  dilygent  inquisic/on  /  that  I  haue 
fo?mde  athinge  ryght  meruey House  /  It  is  trouthe,  my  24 
swete  suster,  that  about  the  lymytes  of  the  grete  see 
that  men  caHe  occeane,  in  the  marches  or  the  so?aie 
goynge-vnder,  right  nyghe  to  thai  place  where  he  lyeth 
at  the  endes^  vpon  his  last  part  of  therth  there  habitable  /  28 
where   co?merse   thethyopes,  is   a   certeyn    co?itre   of 
habitacwn  merueyHouse,  wh-ere  as  men  sayen  the  grete 
athlas,  thai  susteyneth  vpo?i  his  sholders  thaxtre  of  y^ 
and  tells  her  of     mocuyug  of   thcuen  witli  his  sterris  bre«nynge,  that  32 
where  is  tii'e  axis  maketh  hym  to  moeue  &  tourne  to  what  syde  that 

of  the  heavens.  .,     ,  ,       ,     ,  .  n     i      n  t       ji  • 

he  wil  /  maketh  hys   prmcypaH  duettynge.     In  tins 
1  oi'ig.  line 


en.  XXIII.]       DIDO  TELLS  HER  SLSTER  OF  THE  WONDERFUL  WITCH.  85 

place,  tlie?me,  wherof  I  telle  you,  as  I  haue  be  aduer-  cap.  xxiir. 
tised,  is  a  right  lioly  woman,  whiche  is  a  prestresse  &  ih^re  is  a  won- 
wardeyne  of  the  faire  temples  of  the  Operydes,  whiche  priestess  ilf^the 

OiiGrvdBs 

4  are  the  doughters  of  athlas  /  she  is  theire  maistres,  theire  (HesperiUes), 
tutryce  and.  techer,  that  lerneth  and  enterteyned  hem  / 
&  incyteth  &  techeth  them  for  to  doo  sacrifice  to  y* 
goddesse  /  &  for  her  grete  witte  &  knowynge,  &  also 
8  for  her  grete  scie?ice,  that  be  knitte  togider  Avith  tliat 
experience  that  she  hath  within  her  of  aH  thinges  /  was 
taken  vnto  her  y"  cure  and  gouememe?it  of  fhcd  tendynge 
&  of  the  norryture  of  y^  fiers  dragon  that  had  tliat  and  nurse  of  the 

12  tyme  the  kepyng  of  the  holy  brauy^ches  of  the  tree  guards  tue  tree 
with  golden  frute,  that  bare  apples  aH  of  golde  /  &  apples, 
prepared  to  hym  his  mete,  aHe  after  his  cojwplexion, 
somtyme  Avete  thinges  humyde,  whan  he  Avas  wexed 

16  lone,  for  to  haue  hym  soone  vp  ay  en  /  Another  tyme, 

powdres  and  *graynes  of  poppy  &  other  seedes,  for  to        [*ieafF7I 
make   hym    soone   a-slepe,   whan   he    was  ouermoche 
traueylled  /  and'  admynystred  to  hym  his  metes  after 

20  that  he  was  dysposed  /  This  lady  knoweth  many 
thynges  /  and  emonge  other,  wyH  vndertake,  and  pro- 
niytteth,  by  her  sortes  and  charmes,  to  deliuer  pure  and 
playne  the  affections  and  courages  that  ben  bou«den   who  can  work 

24  and  enterlaced  in  loue  one  towarde  an  other,  to  them   affairs  of  love, 
that  she  is  playsed,  and  hath  theym  attones,  wythoute 
prolongacz'on  ne  taryeng  from  y^  grete  loue  merueyll- 
ouse ;  and  to  the  co?itrarye,  putteth  loue  sodaynly  in-to 

28  theym  that  happely  thinketh  not  vpon.     But  yet  this 

is  a  lityl  thynge  to  the  regarde  of  the  other  grete  arty-  and  do  still 
fices   and   werkes   that   she  can  doo,  as   to   tarye   &  ^'^*^'*  '^^  "'"*°  ^^ 
areste  sodaynli    the  flodes   &  grete  ryuers,  that  they 

32  goo  no  ferther  doiine ;     And  make  their  bygge  stremes 

rennyng,  to  remounte  vpwarde  ;  the  sterres  also,  and  aH  in  things 
the  fyrmamente  she  maketh  to  retorne  abacke  /  the  internal. 
soules  pryuated  &  lowe,  that  be  descended  in-to  helle, 

3G  constrayneth  theym  often  by  nyghte  tyme   to  spoke 


86  DIDO    DESIRES    ANNA    TO    MAKE    A    GREAT    FIRE.     [CH,  XXIII. 

CAP.  XXIII.      ■\v3'tli  lier  /  she  maketli  therthe  to  calle  &  crye,  "wlian 

she  tredcth  vpon,  and  somtyme  tourmenteth  it  in  so 

Dido  continues     dyuGi'se  mail  ore  that  she  aH  to-shaketh  it,  &  puUeth 

to  recount  the 

witch's  powers,    oute  the  greto  trees,  &  maketh  them  to   falle  do?me  4 
from  the  mountaynes,  by  her  grete  wyndes  &  terryble 
orages  &  teiiipestes  that  she  draweth  &  sendeth  in  to 

but  swears  she      dyuersB  contreys.     But  I  swere  to  y",  my  dere  suster 

will  not  avail  ni  ii  oiitii  in 

herself  of  the  aid  geimayn,  by  aae  thy  goddes  &  thy  hede  debonayr  /  8 

of  magic. 

that  in  aH  thartes  &  scyences  magicque,  wherof  this 
lady  &  prestresse  e??tromytreteth  herse[l]f  /  I  wolde  nener 
sett  my  selfe  therto,  nor  enqnere  no  thing  therof  /  and 
this  that  I  haue  ewterprysed  for  to  doo  /  it  is  by  grete  12 
prayer  &  co?istraynt,  &  in  my  body  defendyng  /  alwayes 
sith  that  I  haue  enterprised  fermly  my  wyttes  therunto  / 
it  byhoueth  me  the?me  to  doo  t?iat  aH  that  therto  appar- 
teyneth  for  to  brynge  better  oure  werke  to  an  ende  /  16 
[»ieaf  F7,  back]  *And  bi  cause  that  it  is  of  costume  &  necessarie  to 
haue  euer  fyre  without  ceasse,  I  requyre  the,  my  swete 
suster,  &  praye,  that  in  som  place  of  my  palaice  moost 
secret,  that  men  be  not  aware  of  it,  thou  doo  a  grete  20 
fyre  to  be  made  /  And  the  armures  of  y'  man  without 
pite,  y*  false  eneas,  for  whome  I  calle  '  alas  that  euer  he 
was  borne'  /  Avhiche  he  bathe  lefte  hanginge  in  my 
Dido  begs  Anna    chambie,  with  aHc  his  habilimejites  &  other  thinges,his  24 
lire  in  some   '       of  owne,  lefte  behi?ide  in  my  priue  closet,  where  I  was 

secret  jiart  of  her  .  .         .     ^ 

palace  and  burn  peiisslied  &  lay  many  a  night,  he  &  I  togider,  must 

the  armour,  etc. 

left  by  Aeneas,     aHe  be  cast  in  to  that  grete  fyer,  for  to  brenne  &  con- 

uerte  theym  in  to  asshes  /  as  doeth  teHe  &  co???mau??d-  28 
eth,  that  woman  of  grete  scie?ice  /  that  men  must  doo 
perishe  &  oblishe,  distroye  &  take  aHe  out  of  memorie, 
aHe  that  is  abiden  behinde  of  that  traytour  &  crueH 
approued.  32 

%  How  dydo  in  grete  bewayHynges,  praied 
her  suster  to  make  a  grete  fyre  in  a  place 
moost  secrete  of  her  palayce,  for  to  bre;me 


CII.   XXIV.]  DIDO    GOES    TO    THE    FIRE.  /  87 

tlic  liarneys  Sc  raymo/Hes  of  Eneas   /   &     cap.  xxiv. 
how,  by  dyuers  sortes,  she  weude  to  hauc 
dystroyed  him.  Capitulo    xxiiij. 

4  4  Ftcr  y"  -wluche  thiiiges,  clydo  kept  lierself  stitt, 
XjL  without  eny  wordes  more  to  spekc,  aH  pale  & 
discoloured  as  a  body  that  is  lake//  out  of  y''eitlie,  or  fro 
soni  gretc  c^  sodainc  peril,  whcrof  anne  her  .suster  was 

8  uioche  abasshed  /  ahvayes  she  doubted  her  self  in  noo 
wj'se,  that  her  suster  wolde  enteiule  to  doo  a  newe  sacry- 
fice,  thai  afore  that  tyme  had  neuer  be  doon  /  that  is, 
to  sacryfye  hir  self  with  funeraiHes  mortaHe,  by  fyre   Anna,  unsus- 

]ie(:tinK,  makes  ,i 

12  horrible ;  &  knewe  not  that  she  was  accensed  nor  esprised   '"'''  as  ordered  by 

^  ^  Didd. 

in  her  corage  of  so  grete  a  furour,  nor  that  her  sorowe 
had  be  wers  /  than  was  that,  that  she  suffred  atte 
the  dethe  of  her  late  husbonde  Sycheus.     And  went 

16  and  deteriiiyned  her  self  for  to  fulfiHe  the  coniniauude- 
nient  of  her  sayd  suster  Elysse,  and  to  doo  aHe  by 
ordre  that  that  she  had  charged  her  for  to  doo  /  The 
whiche  thinges  thus  doon  of  the  queone  dydo  /  wiH- 

20  yng  to  procede  to  *hcr  sayd  sacryfice,  wont  to  see  the        [.*ieafF8] 
place  where  the  grete  fyre  shulde  be  kendled,  whiche 
she  founde    aHe    redy    made,  garnissed  with    a  grete 
quantyte  of  logges,  and  vnder  hem  and  round(i  aboute, 

24  grete  foison  of  drie  fagottes  &  other  smaH  wood  for  to   Dido  goes  to  the 
kendle  the  fyre  lyghtly  /  &  toke  herself  for  to  encence 
it,  and  to  sufibu/^'ge  the  place  /  And  crowm-d  it  with 
garlandes  made  of  herbes  and  braunches,  that  men  bane   and  ei.iwns  the, 

]iilean<l  an  inuigo 

28  of  costume^  to  puttevpon  the  corcesof  the  dede  l)odies,   of  Aeneas  witu 

'■  ^  '    garland.s. 

\y)0)i  theyre  graues  and  toni1)es,  and  also  ouer  the 
ymage  and  fygure  of  eneas,  that  she  had  doo  make 
after  the  semblaunce  '^  of  hym,  for  to  be  brente  ther 
32  with  her.  And  toke  the  swerde  that  he  had  h^ft  with 
her,  that  she  hidded  in  the  same  place,  for  to  accom- 
plysshe  y"  werke  that  she  thought  fur  to  doo  /  Aftre, 
^  custom  ^  07-i'j.  .seiiil)l:uiuco 


88 


THE    WITCH    OF    ATLAS    PREPARES    THE    SACRIFICE.        [CH.  XXIV. 


CAP.  XXIV. 


The  "Witcli. 


Her  invocation 
of  the  infernal 
gods, 


of  the  moon, 


[*  leaf  F  8,  back] 

in  which  is  the 
triple  figure  of 
Diana, 

the  sprinkling  of 
dark  water. 


The  Witch  uses 
herbs  cut  by 
night,  and 
hi]>iiomanes. 


she  wolde  goo  with  the  sayde  in'cstresse  to  her  saciy- 
fice  of  magique  that  she  had  ordeined  to  be  doo  /  and 
were   the   temples   and    aAvtiers   weHe   prepared   and 
garnyished,  of  oblacions  and  other  thinges  necessarye  4 
and  coniienable  to  this  present  obsequye.     And  thenne 
came  out  the  olde  witche  of  charmouse  magyque,  in 
her  raymentes  made  in  dyucrse  maneres,  aHe  her  hed 
shauen,  for  to  fuldoo  her  sacrifyces  /  Atte  the  begyn-  8 
nynge  of  whiche,  she  inuoqued  and  called  thre  tymes 
by  hidous  wordes,  thre  hundred  goddes  infernaH  /  and 
the  grete  habitacyon  of  lieH  sem-pyternaHe  wyth  their 
confusion  /  the  moder  of  magyque,  in  her  triple  pro-  12 
porcyon,  and  the  thre  faces  of  the  mone  that  shyneth 
by  the  quarfours,  somtyme  wyth  two  grete  homes,  & 
somtyme  as  it  were  cutte  by  the  myddes  /  A  nother 
tyme  she  appyereth  alio  rounde,  wherof  many  one  ben  16 
merueyled  /  By  cause  that  they  ygnore  the  causes  / 
the  whiche,  yf   they  knewe  theym,  they  sholde  not 
Bappely  mcrueylle.     Also  from  wythin  it  is  obscured 
moche  more  in  some  places  than  in  some  other.     So  20 
that  men  myght  saye  that  it  encloseth,  *  that  it  is  the 
tryple  fygure  of  the  vierge  dyane,  wherof  malceth  her 
Inuocacion   this   lady   olde   magicienne   /    And   thus 
dooynge,  she  dide  asperse  the  place  with  the  waters  24 
obscure,  venemouse  and  blak,  representyng  the  lycoure 
of  the  hydous  fontaynes  of  heHe  /  After,  she  maketb  to 
be  brought  to  her  certayne   herbes,  freshe  and  newe 
mowen  &  taken  by  nyght  whan  the  mone  shyneth,  28 
with  sercles  of  coper,  wherof  the  luse  is  passyng  venpn- 
ouse,  and  of  coloure  aHe  blake.    And  with  this  she  tak- 
eth  the  lytcH  skynne  that  remayneth  of  the  secondyue 
within  the  forhed  of  the  lyteH  foole,  that  must   be  32 
scraped   awaye   from  hys  forhed   whan   he  is  newly 
borne,  afore  that  the  moder  lycketh  it  of  /  Avhereof, 
after  that  doon,  he  shaHe  not  be  knowen  of  his  sayde 
moder  /  as  it  is  sayde,  so  that  she  refuseth  to  gyue  36 


CH.  XXIV.]        DIDO    AND    THE    WITCH — THEIR    INVOCATIONS.  89 

lij^m  souke  /  as  it  were  not  lier  owne  /  And  also  it  is  cap.  xxiv. 
named  and  called  the  skynnc  *  mortaHe  loue,'  bi  cause  Description  of 
that  after  the   saide   prestresse,  the  foole  shal  neuer   the  skin '  mortiii 

4  haiie  luste  to  souke  hys  moder,  but  yf  she  liketh  or 
etetli  the  secondying,  or  atte  leste  that  same  skinne 
that  he  hathe  in  his  forhede  ;  and  men  shulde  saie  that 
by  the  same  cause  shulde  procede  the  nioderly  loue  / 

8  yf  it  were  not  that  iuclynacion  nutureHe  purposed 
ageynst  the  same  /  But  aHe  that  is  sayde  aboue,  made 
the  forsayde  magycyeune,  Dydo  beynge  ther  present,    Dido,  ungirt,  on 

her  knees,  with 

that  helde  in  her  handes  a  grete  stone  ane  rounde,  with   one  foot  bare  and 

a  round  stone  in 

12  one  fote  bare,  and  the  other  hosse  on  /  AHe  vngyrde,   her  hands, 
and  vpon  her  knees,  as  a  vassaH  that  doeth  homage  to 
his  lorde,  of  a  parfytte  corage,  as  she  that  is  redy  to 
Immole  herself  vnto  aH  the  goddes,  in  syght  of  aHe  the 

16  sterres,  that  ben  coulpable  of  her  faHe  by  their  con- 
iunctions,  and  moeuynge,  and  influences  celestyaHe,  that 
sygnyfye  and  denounce  the  dysposycion  secret  of  the 
deuine  prouydence  /  saynge,  that  yf  ther  be  eny  mercy- 

20  ftiU  god  and  pytcous,  that  medleth  hym  to  receyue  and 

beholde  *the  consideracyon  of  loners,  that  maketh  theim       [*  sign,  g  j] 

to  enterteyne  weH  togider  wythoute  varyaunce  /  that 

it  wyH  playsehym,  for  his  pyte,  to  corrige  and  punysshc  prays  for  retribu- 
tion on  Aeneas. 

24  thoffence  that  Eneas  hath  co?wmytted  ayenst  her,  and 
wyHe  retrybue  hym  iustely,  aHe  after  his  demeryte. 
After  aHe  the  whiche  sacryfices  /  oblacyons,  prayers  &  After  which  in- 

.  vocations  and 

requestes,  thus  made  m  grete  deuocyon  and  aifectyon  iiniyer-s, 

night  conies  and 

28  synguler,  as  aboue  is  sayd  /  and  that  the  tyme  after  otiier  things  rest, 
the  daye  is  paste  and  goon,  whiche  is  couenable  in  aH 
landes  for  the  bodyes  humayn  that  haue  traueylled,  to 
take  reste,  that   thenne    is   to    theym   playsaunt    and 

32  agreable,  was  come  to  his  ordre  /  that  tyme  that  the 
grete  woodes  &  forestes  /  the  see  also  /  and  aH  thynges 
that  ben  crueH  &  nuysyble,  take  in  hem  selfe  reste  and 
slcpe  /  And  whiles  that  the  sterres  ben  in  theyr  courses 

36  weH  yocked,  whan  aHe  the  feldcs  ben  in  silence,  the 


90  dido's   doubts   as    to   pursuing   the    TROJANS.     [CII.  XXV. 

CAP.  XXV.  byrdes  /  and  bestes  brute  ;  and  whan  tbe  giete  poundes 
and  ryucrs,  aHe  tliynges  aquatyquo  /  the  busshes  and 
the  large  playnes  /  &  aHe  that  the  erthe  conteyneth, 
are  in  grete  ceasse,  and  in  reste  vnder  the  grete  maunteH  4 
of  y®  nyghte,  that  gyueth  triews  to  aHe  labours  /  and 
by  slepyng  maketh  swete  aHe  peynes  and  traueylles 
that  men  hath  suffred  afore  /  AHe  this  neuertheiesse  / 
she,  fenyce,  elysshe,  or  dydo,  that  thenne  abydeth  deso-  8 
late  and  alone  wythoute  companye,  can  not  by  no  wyse 
But  Dido  induce  herself    to  gyue  a  reste  vnto  her  eyen   by  a 

caunot  sleep.        Jityg  slepe,  wherby  she  myghte  as  wage  the  presente 

angviysshes   that    she    bereth   atte    her    herte    /    but  12 
redoublen  her  sorowes,  and^  her  trystesses  enforce  more 
vpon   her  /  the  fore  loue  reneweth   hym  selfe,  that 
torneth  soone  to  madnes,  whan  it  can  not  be  recouered  : 

%  How  dydo  made  her   lamentacyons  re-  16 
preuynge  the  periuremente  of  Laomedon. 

Capitnlum  xxv 

[*sign.G  j,  back]   *  fT^His  lady,  by  grete  distresse  tourmenteth  &  al  to- 

JL    renteth  her  self,  af tre,  she  thinketh  in  her  courage  20 
what  she  may  do  /  "  alas  ! "  sayth  she,  "  poure  &  wery, 
where  shalt  thou  mowe  become  /  must  I  nowe  thenne  / 
sith  that  I  am  aHe  ashamed  /  that  I  habandoune  my  selfe. 
Dido's  doubts ;     and  retoume  toAvarde  theym  that  firste  haue  reqiiyred  24 
shall  she  seek  the  me,  and  that  I  requyre  humbly  the  companye  of  the 
Myrondes,  myrouwdes,  &  of  theym  that  so  ofte  I  haue  caste  in-to 

dyssdayne,  &  refused  to  haue  me  in  maryage  /  Ceites 
I  ought  not  to  doo  the  same  /  and  bettre  it  were  to  28 
,,  me  for  to  folowe  the  nauye  of  the  troyens,  and  to 

Trojan  fleet?        submytte  myself  alle  togydre  to  theire  mercy  /  They 
haply  shaHe  haue  recordaunce  of  the  grete  aydes  and 
benefaytes  that  ben  comen  vnto  theym  by  me  /  For  32 
often  commeth  in  mynde,  to  theym  of  good  recordau»ce, 
1  orig.  amd 


CH.  XXV.]  DIDO  RECOLLECTS  THE  TROJANS  DESCEND  FROM  LAOMEDON.    91 

the  benefayttes  that  somtyme  were  cloon  vnto  theym.       cap.  xxv. 
And  supposed  that  ene-as  wold  not  haue  me,  nor  take  Some  Trojans 

recollecting  her 

me  in  to  his  shippc,  ther  shaH  be  some  of  the  cost,  benefits,  would 

surely  take  her 

4  after  that   he   shaH   haue   refused  me,  that  shal   be  on  board, 
content  to  take  me  /  but  sorowfuH,  caytyue  &  lost, 
who  bringeth  thee  in-to  this  folye  /  to  thinke  thai  this 
might  be  /  art  fhon  madde,  or  out  of  thi  mynde  1  /  hast 
8  thou  lost  thi  knowlege  1  knowest  thou  not  that  the 
troie?me  folke  is  aHe  yssued  &  desce??ded  of  the  for-   But  the  Trojans 
sworne  laomedon  /  this  laomedon  was  the  first  fader  that  from  Laomedon. 
dyde  enhabyte  the  grete  troie,  and  brought  there  a  grete 

12  nombre  of  peple  that  made  right  faire  edifices,  &  also 
multyplied  Avithin  a  liteH  tyme  in  grete  quantite,  &  weH 
grete  in  nombre,  for  y®  good  polyeie  that  they  kept,  & 
also  for  y*  fertylyte  of  y®  grou?ide  of  that  couretreye  / 

16  And  by  cause  that  laomedon  was  aH:  ynoughe  occupyed 

for  to  make  y®  palayces  &  other  edyfices  intriusique   HerrecoUections 
of  y^  cyte,  &  that  hym  thought  ouer  moche  diffycile  &   of  Laomedon, 
to  lo??ge  a  thinge  /  to  make  the  waHes  closed  rou/ide 

20  aboutc  y*  towne,  he  made  a  co?7iposicion  with  phebus 

&  neptun?<5,  that  ben  *goddis  grete  and  myghty  /  by  the       [« sign.  G  sj] 
whiche  he  jiromysed  theym,  and  conuenau??ted  by  his 
othe,  to  gyue  theym  a  tonne  fuH:  of  golde,  yf  they  were 

24  playsed  to  make  the  walles  rou??de  aboute  the  cyte 

of  troye  /  The  whiche  goddes,  hauynge  confydence  in   who  cheated  the 

trnstynge  his  sayd  pro  my  sse,  dyde  close  hit  wyth  ryglit   matter  of  build- 
ing the  walls  of 
layre    hie   and   grete   walles.     And    thus    doon,  tney   Troy. 

28  somoned  hym  for  to  paye  them,  that  /  whiche  he  had 
promysed  theym  /  wherof  he  wolde  neuer  doo  ne  paye 
oiiy  thynge  /  And  for  this  cause  they  submytted  hym 
to  suffre,  here,  &  susteyne  perpetueHy  for  euer  more,   nis  curse. 

32  the  detestable  hate  and  reproche  of  a  man  forsworne. 


92  IS    DIDO   TO   FOLLOW    OR    DESTROY    THE   TROJANS  1     [CH.  XXVL 

CAP.  SXVL 

^  Of  the  vysion  that  Eneas  hadde  for  to 
departe  towarde  ytalye.    Capitulum  xxvi. 

THis  lady  whan  she  dyde  remeiiibre  the  forsweryng 
of  laomedon,  of  whom  the  troians  are  descended,  4 
made  grete  doubte  to  folowe  theym  /  and    stryuyng 
Avythin  her  tryst  thoughte  to   herself  /  sayd  in  this 
manere  /  "Alas,  myserable  sorowfuH  !  what  may  I  doo 
Dido  doubts        now  /  oughte  I  to  leue  aH  the  fenyces,  &  theym  that  8 
follow  the  I   haue  wythdrawen  from  thyr,  for  to  goo  wyth  the 

stroy  them.  trolans  ;  or  that,  by  puyssau?ice  &  hi  my  ha?Kle  strongly 

armed  /  I  shold  goo  to  destroye  their  nauye,  &  brynge 
theym  to  perdycyonl  wythout  fawte,  I  wote  not  what  12 
Finds  it  hard  to     to    saye ;   and    me  semeth   to    harde    a   thyng  for   to 

bring  her  sub- 
jects into  trouble   habandou?ie  my  good  subgettes,  Avhiche  by  weH  subtyl 

with  the  Trojans.  "^   *^_  o  J  J  J 

meanes  &  grete  difficulte  I  haue  brought  out  of  thyr, 
&  out  of    the    lande  of    fenyce,  to   expose   &    bryng  16 
theym  now  sone  in  dau??gers  of  the  see,  &  to  the  harde 
peryH  of   batayH  /  namly  ayenste  theym  of    Troye  / 
whom  they  haue   no   quareHe  /  Verely,  Avhan   I  me 

Thinks  she  had     aduyse^  /  it    is    better  that  I    deye,  as  I  haue  weHe  20 
deserued.     And  that  my  sorowe  poure  &  myserable  / 
be  sone  fynysshed  by  swerde.    0,  Avhat  hast  tlwa  doon, 
my  swete  suster   germayne,  of   my  teeres   &   emense 

["sign.  Gij,  bk]   wepynges  /  ^/iou  hast  ben  the  first  cause  of  the  *  grete  24 
furoure  where  I  am  now  in  /  thow  hast  charged  vpon  my 

Blames  her  slioldres  aH  the  grete  euylles  that  I  here  &  supporte  ; 

sister.  . 

thou  haste  absorbed  me,  &  reclosed,  in  the  grete  see  of 
amarytude  /  thow.  haste  founde  me  weH:  pesible,  but  thou  28 
hast  betaken  me  for  to  werre  ayenst  myn  owne  peas ; 
thoVi  hast  broughte  me  from  solysitude,  &  remysed  into 
resolysitude;  thou  hast  taken  rest  fro  me,  &  hast  brought 
me  in-to  ryght  grete  turbace'on  /  thou  hast  abolysshed  32 
my  frauwchise,  for  to  entre  in-to  grete  seruytude ;  thou 
'  orig.  aduy  /  seit 


CH.  XXVI.]  Dino's    LA.MENT.       AENEAS's    VISIOX.  93 

hast  dyuerted  my  honour  in-to  dishonest  infamye  /  t1io\x      cap.  xxvi. 
hast  conuerted  my  cyte  in  feere  &  drede  perdurable ;   Dido's  pitiful 

lament  over  her 

thou  hast  ali  peyuerted  my  wyttes,  &  reduced  iu-to  fail, 
4  madnesse  &  forsenerie  /  thou  haste  deliuerde  me  my 
traytour  &  peruerse  enmye,  vnder  hope  of  loue  & 
henyuolence.  what  eyleth  me,  tryst,  poure  /  weri,  &  f  uH 
of  teerys.  0  fortune  euyH  fortuned  /  why  haste  tlwa  not 
8  permytted  me  &  suffred,  tliat  wythout  forfayte  or  ony 
cryme  /  I  myglit  haue  vsed  the  residue  of  my  dohau?<t 
lyf  chastly,  alone,  wythoute  companye  of  man,  as  the 
bestes  in  the  forestes  doo  lye,  as  it  apiereth  fuH  often, 

12  aU  alone  by  theym  selfe.  Yf  thus  I  had  mayntened 
myselfe  /  I  sholde  iieuer  haue  coine  ne  faHe  in  y* 
sorowes  &  displaysures  /  co?»playntes  &  clamours,  where 
I  am  now  in,  aH  doled,  &  of  grete  furour  forsened  / 

16  more  than  euer  was  woman  of  moder  borne  /  vnto  tbis 

tyme  presente  :  but  I  beleue  veritable  that  it  is  for  to   which  is  a  judg- 
ment on  her  for 
take  vengeau?ice  of  the  fevth  &  of  the  grete  othe  tbat   deserting  the 

'-'  •/  o  niemorj-  of 

I  had  first  promysed  to  ray  husbonde  sicheus  /  whiche   Sycheus. 

20  I  haue  violated  falsly,  &  broken  wylfuHy  /  wherof  I 
am  faHe  in  grete  tormente,  replenysshed  with  langour 
mortaH  /  Alas !  what  harde  destynacye  happed  to  me 
that  daye  /  that  I  was  so  ferre  doled  from  my  wytte, 

24  &  so  madde,  to  habandou/2e  my  selfe  to  a  man  alone  / 
For  whom  I  haue  loste  aH  in  a  so»ime  /  at  one  daye 
&  at  one  owre  /  in  somoche  that  I  abyde  aH  alone 
wythout  companye,  habandou?«ed  fro  all  comfort"  /thus 

28  made  this  fenyce  her  rewthes  &  her  sighynges  *  in  suche      t'  »'&«•  g  iij] 
a  sorowe  &  so  dolant  termes  that  she  fowndred  aH  in 
teeris  /  duringe  the  whiche,  aftre  that  aHe  y*  nauye  of 
eneas  was  takled,  &  weH  nyghe  redy  for  to  departe,  ther   Mercuiy  appears 

oi  •         ^   1  .7  111  1  1  •       ^  •  to  Aeneas  in 

o2  appiered  to  eneas,  that  nyglit  that  he  entred  his  snippe   his  sleep  the 

1    .  r.  night  he  goes 

&  was  leyde  a  slepe,  a  certayne  god,  m  that  propre  fygure   on  board  his 

ship. 

tliat  mercure  appiered  to  hym  first,  for  to  admonneste 

him  of  his  departynge,  in  suche  manere  of  semblau?«ce 

3G  of  voyce  /  of  coloure  /  of  liecris  of  golde,  as  weH  pro- 


94 


MERCURY    URGES    AENEAS    TO    DEPART    SWIFTLY.      [CH.  XXVI. 


Mercury  rouses 
Aeneas. 


Warns  him 
against  Dido's 
vengeance. 


CAP.  XXVI.       porcyned  of  me??(bros  &  fixyre  faciou  /  of  yongthe  &  of 
fayre  beaulte,  that  sayde  to  him  iu  this  manere  /  "  0 
eneas,  y*^  sone  of  a  goddesse  /  how  art  thou  so  moclie  for- 
seued  to  take  rest  of  slepe  in  tliis  grete  dau/?ger  wher  4 
thou  art  now  j'^nnel   knowest  tltuw.  not  y"  fortunes  & 
perillous  adue/ztures  thai  enuyronne  y®  on  aU  sydes? 
seest  not  thou  y"  tyme  couenable  for  to  sayHe,  and  the 
swete  wyndes  propice  /  why  co?isumest  thy  self  slepynge,  8 
without  exploityng  y''  in  thy  vyage,  thou  knowest  not  / 
what   the  fayre   dydo  prepareth  for  the  /  whiche  is 
tourned  in  turbacyon,  thynkyng  in  herself  what  frawde 
or  decepcyon,  or  som  grete  myschef,  for  to  doo  to  the  12 
a  greuauHce  /  why  feerest  thow  not  lest  she  doo  y^  to  de- 
struction, sith  thai  she  wyl  brynge  herself  to  the_dethe? 
thynke  the?me  what  euyHes,  what  harde  aduerttures, 
what  displaisirs  &   what  grete  decepcio/is  &  iniuries,  16 
she  ymagyneth  ayenst  the  /  but  more  ther  is  :  yf  thou 
departe  not  with  aH  diligence,  thou  shalt  soone  see  the 
see  aHe  couered  with^  vesselles  of  werre,  with  grete 
strengthe,  co??i.mynge  ayenst   the,  with  torches  lyght,  20 
And  cressettes  esprysed  of  fyre  brenny[/i]g,  for  to  brule 
and    brenne    thy,  nauye   /  And   wythout    respyte   ne 
remedye  thon  shalbe  dystroyed,  yf  thou  be  fou?Kle  whan 
the  [sjprynge  of  the  day  shalbe  comen  /  Aryse  vp  quykly  24 
without  taryenge,  and  abyde  here  noo  longer  /  For 
a  woman  is  founde  euermore  subtyHe  iu  aHe  her  dedes  / 
As  sayth  the  fable  /  A  grete  daunger  is  thenne  to  the, 

[*ieafGiijback]  for   wliom    she   Is   thus  /  *  eudulled,    and   fallen    in  28 
dysperacyon,   to   abyde    in    hyr    iurisdyccyon   nor    to 
reside  in  her  contree  /  And  to  thende  that  thou  be 

.  not  niyscheued,  yf  thou  loue  me,  thou  shalt  departe 

forwyth."    alle  the  whiche  thynges  thus  sayd,  the  god  32 
of  whom  I  haue  spoken  here,  presentely  remysed  hym 

and  vanishes.       selfe  in  to  a  derke  cloude,  &  vanysshed  awaye  sodaynly. 

^  urig.  with 


Urges  him  to 
depart  swiftly, 


CH.  XXVII.]    AENEAS    AND    HIS    FLEET    SAIL   FKOM    CARTHAGE.  95 

CAP.  XXVIL 

^  How    Eneas    encyted    the    patrons    & 
maysters  of  his  shippes  for  to  depart. 
Capituhim  xxvij° 


4     A    ISTd  tlienne  eneas,  aH  aifrayed  of  his  grete  vysion,  Aeneas  awakes 

/\  iu  alarm, 

Jr\^  awaked  sodayuly  from  his  slepe  /  and  the??ne  he 
called  to  hym  aH  the  patrons  &  aH  the  niaystres  of  rouses  his  men, 
the  shipes,  &  ineytyng  the  maryners  for  to  departe  in 
8  aH  dyligence,  he  made  some  to  hale  vp  the  saylles,  & 
thother  for  to  drawe  thancres  /  &  made  theym  to  take 
their  oores  in  ha?ide,  recou/itynge  &  shewyng  vnto 
them  aH  theffecte  of  his  vysion  /  &  how  &  by  what 
12  rayson  the  grete  god  of  heuen  co7nmaunded  hym,  by 
his  messager,  that  he  must  departe  ryght  soone  /  And 
for  to  hast  them  yet  more  /  he  admonested  them  of  orders  them  to 
newe  for  to  sprede  &  dysploye  the  sayles  &  cordes  that  immediate 

I'll  D  departure, 

16  were  wythin  the  shyppes,  &  to  make  soone  redy  aH 
thappareylle,  &  aHe  that  neded  the?me  for  to  departe 
inco??tynent  /  alwayes  recommendyng  hymselfe  &  aH 
his  /  to  this  grete  god  of  maieste  that  had  thus  incyted 

20  &  somoned  hym  /  and  to  hym  sayd  in  this  manere : 
"  We  folowe  the,  right  holy  god  debonayr  /  whosomeuer 
iJiou  be,  in  grete  deuocion,  redy  for  to  obey  thy  com- 
mauwdementes,  ioyful  &  glade  wythout  extymacion; 

24  and  to  the  we  praye  deuoutely,  that  thou  be  of  vs  con- 
duyttor,  &  benygnly  heli)yng  to  the  prosperous  dys- 
posic^on  of  y®  cours  celestiaH  &  regyon  steHyferaunt  / 
yf  her  moeuyng  were  irryted  ayenste  vs  by  pestyfere  prays  to  Jove, 

28  influences,  &  bryng  vs  saufFe  &  peassyble  to  the  portes 
of  ytalye  !  "     And  anone  drewe  out  his  swerde  clere  & 
bright,  &  cutte  asondre  the  *  cables  that  with-helde  the     [*  sign,  g  iiijj 
shippe  within  the  hauen,  &  also  made  the  mariners  cuts  the  anchor 

<J^   ,  T  ,    -■    f  11  ii  1  1.,        ropes  with  liis 

to  rowe  myghtyii  for  to  be  hastely  thens ;  the  whiche  sword,  and  imts 
With  aHe  dyligence  forced  hem  to  putte  or  sette  their 
orys  to  the  see,  that  soone  was  couered  with  the  nauye 


96 


AENEAS    IS    DRIVEX    BY    STORMS    TO    SICILY.  [cH.  XXYII. 


CAP.  XXVII. 


The  sea,  angry  at 
being  oppressed 
by  Aeneas's  fleet, 


becomes  im- 
patient and 
stormy. 


Aeneas  is  driven 
to  Sicily, 


where  reigns 
Acestes,  of 
Trojan  lineage. 


[«  sign.  G  iiij 
back] 


that  saylied,  partyng  the  waters  asonder,  whiche  semed 
brayengc  right  Impetuously  by  the  tourment  &  flagita- 
cyon  wherof  the  see  was  hette  in  righte  grete  violence, 
by  the  opressions  of  the  shippes,  that  opvessid  her  in  4 
their  saiHyng,  so  thai  thei  carfe  waie  in  the  water  /  & 
yet  the  oorys  that  entred  within  her  entrailies,  smotte 
asonder  her   au?icient  wawes,   Avhiche  she  myght  not 
suffre  nor  pacyently  here  /  but  reputed  it  to  be  doon  8 
in  opprobre  and  confusion,  inhomynyouse  &   fuH  of 
despyte  /  wherof  it  happed  soone  after,  that  the  see 
wexed  right  sore  inpacyent  &  iudigned  ;  wherfor  they 
suffred  moche  whan  the  see  was  weH  chaffed,  and  by  12 
their  fayte  ayenste  them  sore  moeued,  as  it  is  more 
playnly  spoken  in  the  .v  /  boke  of  eneydos,  where  as  the 
harde  &  sorowfuH  admyracioHS  that  the»ne  made  palm- 
yerus,  ihai  was  maistre  of  eneas  shippe,  ben  declared,  16 
whan  he  myght  not  mthstande  ne  contreste  the  tour- 
ment, fortune  &  tribulacion  of  the  see,  but  that  she  was 
maister  ouer  him  &  gouerneresse,  and  was  constrayned 
to  Babau?idou«e  aHe  his  nauye  to  the  fortune,   that  20 
cast  hem  in  to  the  ysle  of  cicyle,  wherof  was  kynge  atte 
that  tyme,  accestes,  comen  of  the  IjTiage  troia»ne ;  and 
ther  was  be-grauen  anchyses,  the  fader  of  eneas,  that 
deyde  in  makynge  the  vyage  from  troye  in-to  lybye  /  24 
And  aHe  thus  they  left  the  hauene  of  cartage,  takynge 
their  way  towarde   ytalye  /  But   or  euer  they  coude 
make  aHe  these  dilygences  for  to  departe.  And  that 
they  were  as  yet  nygh  the  hauen  in  syght  of  the  cyte  /  28 
And   that  the   fayre  lady  Aurora,  that   holdeth   the 
spryng  of  the  daye  enclosed  wy thyn  her  chambre  wyth 
her  swete  spouse  Tytan,  Was  rysen  out  of  her  couche  / 
*  weH  arayed,  and  had  opened  to  hym  the  gate  for  to  32 
go  sprede  abrode  his  newe  lyght  to  iHustre  ,fe  iHumyne 
the  landes,  &  delyuer  theym  from  the  derknes  of  the 
nyghte  /  The  queue  dydo,  that  was  not  a  slepe,  seeng 
the  first  openyng  of  the  daye,  sore  besi  to  chasse  the  36 


CH.  XXVIl.]    niDo's    GRIEF    AXU    KACK    AT    AENKAs's    DEPARTURE.  1)7 

tenebres  calorapniouso  away  /  arose  vp  lyglitl}'  for  to      cap.  xxvir. 

see  out  of  her  chambre  wyndowes,  &  loked  towarde  the 

haueii,  whiche    she  perceyued   aH    voyde    &    smothe,   T>u\n,  arising 

CflJ'lV     SCfS 

4  wythoute  ony  shippe  there  /  And  after  castyng  her  Aeneas's  fleet  in 

the  distance. 

sight  ferder  toAvarde  the  see  /  she  sawe  the  saylles,  wyth 
the  flote  of  the  shippes  that  made  good  waye.  thenno 
byganncshe,  for  grete  distresse,  to  bete  &  smyte  threor  nor  frantic giirf, 
8  four  tynies  wyth  her  fyste  stroj^gly  ayenst  her  brest  / 
&  to  pulle  her  fayr  heres  from  her  hed,  as  luad  &  beside 
lierself  /  And  spekyng  to  hirself  /  sayd  in  this  mauere 
y"  wor  los  that  folowe  /  "  0  iupiter,  souerayn  god,  and 

12  pryiicipaH  of  aH  other,  shaH  thus  departo  saufly  the   she  invokes 
false  Sz  cuyl  man  eneas,  that  tratoursly  liatli  mocked     "^"  "'' 
me,  Sz  fraudulently  seducted  /  Is   it    not  to  me  weH: 
licyte   to   send   after  hym,  &    by   force   of  armes  to 

16  dystroye  hym,  and  bryng  alle  to  deth  /  And  that  alle 
they  of  my  towne  &  cyte,  goo  to  confou/^de  and 
destroye  hym  alle  attones  /  and  breke  and  brynge  his 
nauye  aH  to  noughte  /  Goo,  goo  hastcly,  and  destroyo 

20  alle  incontynent  /  sette  aH  on  a  fire  !  kylle  &  slee,  and 
brynge  theym  aHe  to  perdycion  /  haue  awaye  thise 
oores  &  saylles  !  bie?me,  &  brynge  aH  in-to  asshes  /  take 
hede  that  nothing  escape !  haue  no  mercy  ne  pyte  of  ony   and  prays  for 

ct  A  iji  ■i/i>  1         01  •!        •  vengeance  on  the 

2i  man  that  lyueth  /  fou??dre  &  drourie  altogidcr  in-to  the  Tnjans. 
botome  of  the  see,  &  perysshe  aH  in  a  so??ime,  to  thende, 
that  of  theym    be   no   inemorye  nor  nomore  spoken 
emong  y*  lyuyng  peple  vpo?i  erthe  /  Alas,  poure  dydo, 

28  what  sayst  thou.  ?  in  an  cuyl  houre  than  were  borne  / 
Avhat  thynkest  fhon  doo  /  I  trowe  that  thou  art  ferre  out 
of  thi  good  wytte,  or  eHis  taken  Avyth  right  ewiH  per- 
uerse  fantasyes,  or  that  the  goddes  that  ben  wythout*te       [« leaf  G  5] 

32  pyte  &  myserycordo,  AvyH  peruerte  &  retourne  thi 
grete  clemence  in-to  furiouse  cruelte  /  Alas,  it  is  not  pos- 
syble  at  this  houre  that  than  sholdest  now  ouertake 
them  /  but  this  thou  sholdest  haue  doon  that  tyme  that 

3G  thou  rcceyued  theym,  whan  they  cam  first,  &■  arryued 

i:\EYDOS.  II 


9S 


dido's    anger   at    AENEAS    FOR    DESERTING    HER.      [cH.  XXVI I. 


CAP.  XXVII. 


Men  may  say 
IHcio  is  cause  of 
Aciieas's  going, 
ns  slie  had  not 
endeavoured  to 
detain  him. 


P  orig,  &  and] 


Mij-'lit  ^he  not 
have  di  stroyed 
him  and  his  son 
whUe  they  were 
with  her,  and 
served  up  Asca- 
nius  as  food  to 
his  father  ? 


Might  she  not 
have  burned  his 
shijis  and  slain 
all  of  tlieiii,  and 
then  burned 
herself? 


[•leaf  G  5,  back] 


She  invokes  the 
Htm, 


and  Juno, 


iu-to  tliy  loudc  afore  that  ony  alyau/ices  liadde  ben,  by 
the,  made  wyth  theym  /  Men  sholde  mow  saye  of  the 
now  /  that  thou  were  cause  of  his  goynge  /  and  that  he 
bereth  away  wyth  hym  the  pryue  goddes  that  ben  of  thy  4 
royame,  for  to  assyste  to  the  obsequyes  &  consecracyon 
of  anchyseSjhis  olde  fader  /  and  tliat  he  is  departed  wyth 
thyne  assurau?ice  /  by  cause  that  in  no  wyse  thou  hast 
not  letted  nor  gaynsayd  his  goyng   openly  /  whan  he  8 
dyde  make  his  appareyl,   for   to   make   redy  aH    his 
nauye  /  whiche  thyng  thou  knew,  and^  was  doon  in  thy 
presence  /  IMyghteste  not  thou,  whan  he  was  wythin 
thy  royame  &  wyth  the,  haue  dystroyed  his  persone,  12 
and  his  body  to  haue  ben  hewen  in  pyeces  /  and  also 
his  felawes  to  haue  ben  caste  in-to  the  depe  see  /  And 
in  lyke  wyse,  his  sone  Ascanyus  myghtest  thou  haue 
made  to  be  alle  tohewen  and  chopped  smaile,  And  to  16 
be  soden  and  dressed,  as  it  had  be  good  mete,  for  to 
haue  made  hym  to  be  eten  of  hys  fader  /  And  to  haue 
sette  hym  in  stede  of  other  seruyse  atte  hys  table  / 
And  yf  he   wolde  haue   be  wrothe   ther-wyth,    and  20 
moeued  werre  ayenste  me,  Howe  weHe  that  the  for- 
tune of  ba[ta]yH:e  is  doubtouse.    Yet  netheles  I  myghte 
haue  doo  brenned  his  shippes  /  and  conueite  hem  aH 
to  asshes,  to  thende  they  myght  not  haue  gone  for  to  24 
purchase  ony  socours  /  And  durynge  the  same,  I  myglite 
haue  doon  brynge  to  the  dethe,  the  fader  asweH  as  the 
sone,  wyth  aH  their  parentes  and  frendes  of  aH  their 
lynage,  and  myghte  haue  slayne,  brent  hem,  or  other\vyse  28 
haue  doon  wyth  theym  after  my  playsur  &  wyH  ;  and 
the?me  wythin  y*  fire  I  myghte  *  haue  cast  my  self,  for 
to  be  ded  after  that  I  had  be  aue»ged  of  his  falsenes 
&  oultrage  /  O  fayre  sonne,  that  shyneste  f  uH  bright,  that  32 
iHumynest  with  thy  beemes  aH  y*  werkes  &  operacions 
of  y^  erthe  /  0  luno,  the  noble  goddesse,  vnder  whome 
aHe  werkes  &  operacyions  humayne,  with  their  solici- 
tudes, are  gouerned  and  submysed  after  theire  disposicinn ,  36 


CH.  XXVII.]       dido's    terrible    imprecations    on    AENEAS,  99 

euerych  in    certeyne  or-Jy[ii]aunce  to  theym  sette  &     cap.  xxvii. 
stablyshed  by  thy  deuyne  prouyde?2ce ;  higlie,puissaunte,   Diana, 
grete  patronesso,  lady  &  niastresse  of  aHe  aites  &  scyences 

4  magyques,  ryght  often  caHed  with  voyces  vlutatyue,  by 
the  grete  quarfours,  and  by  wayes  Avithin  townes  & 
cytees  and  ellis  wher  /  In  tyme  of  nj^ght  obscure  /  0 
crii[e]He  vltryces,  wycked  vengeresses  /  Furyes  infernaHe 

8  &  lusticers  of  heHe ;  0  atie  goddes  &  goddesses,  haue  ami  the  furies, 

and  jirays  them 

pvte  on  me,  sorowf  uli  Elysse,  concluded  ^  delibered  to  to  have  i.ity  on 

lier. 

the  deth,  to  y*  whiche  I  goo  delyuere  me  vnto  /  Entende 
to  my  wordes,  and  enduce  the  crueHe  goddes  to  punyshe 

12  the  euyH  men  as  they  hane  deserued  /  &  playse  you  to 
receyue  my  prayers  &  oracions  inuectyue  that  I  doo  make 
presently  to  you,  yf  it  be  so  that  the  sacred  destynacyes 
of  y"  souerayne  god  lupyter  haue  ordeyned  that  that 

16  traitour  eneas,  &  vntrewe  man,  shaHe  come  sanely^  in-to  Di<io's  feaifui 

ijninecatinns  on 

som  hauen  for  to  descende  alonde  hole  &  sou?ide,  or  that  Aeneas  and  the 

Trojans. 

the  ende  of  his  lif  be  not  yet  come  to  his  terme  that  pre- 
fixed was  to  him  atte  y"  first  tyme  of  his  birthe,  at  lest  if  Aeneas's  time 

have  not  yet 

20  I  prai  you  &  requyre,//;rirt  he  may  be  vaynquisshed  &  come,  at  any 
recouwtred  of  hardy  peplc  cruell  /stro?ig  &  rebell,  &  alle  engaged  in  cruel 

J  i-    i-  I  o  '  -war,  defeated, 

co?ztrary  to  him,  vexed,  broken,  &  traueilled  of  grete  exiled, 
batailles  &  assawtes  /  rebuked,  reduced,  &  chassed  from 

24  his  lande  &  lordshipes  /  alwayes  putte  ther-from  with- 
out to  recouere  eny  place  of  his  lande,  whiche  alwayes 
be  so  stronge  &  myghty  ayens^  hyra,  that  he  be  expelled 
euermore  ther-from,  namely  of  Ascanyus  liis  sone,  and 

28  pryuated,^  ouercome,  and  exyled  out  of  alle  /  his  kynnes- 

men  &  *  frendes.  to  hym  also  be  gyuen  by  necessite  to       [*ieafG  6] 
requyre  ayde  &  socours  wyth  gret  requestes  &  prayers  / 
and  yf  it  happen  that  some  other  doo  hym  ony  plaisur  or 

32  som  good,  he  haue  therfore  a  myscheffe,  sorow,  peyn,  & 

perpetuel  myscrye  /  In  grete  assawtes  &  in  bataylles,  be   and  his  friends 
he  slayne,  &  put  to  a  cruel  deth,  ferful  &  horryble  /  cruel  death. 
AHe  his   folke,  wythout   mysericorde  afore   his  eyen 

3G  present,  be    put   to  anguysshe,    &   not  mow  socouro 

*  orig,  saueyl.     Mr.  Hutli's  copy  lia.s  'sanely.'  ^  orig.  prynateJ 

II   2 


100     DIDO  PRAYS  FOK  EVIL  FOR  AENEAS  AND  THE  TROJANS,   [cil.   XXVII. 

CAP.  XXVII.     theyni,  for  to  encreace  liis  tormente  /  &  whan  he  shaH 
May  Aeneas  take  oiiy  tiiews  oi'  make  peas  or  alj'au??ce  /  that  it  be 

never  liave  peace  . 

or  quiet,  aH  at  JUS  owue  prayer  in  co??f  uc/on  &  greuau?«ce  to  his 

folysshe  enterprise,  &  his  dysuaauntage  ^  /  to  his  gret  4 
vitupere,  hurt  &  charge  /  in  somoche  thai  he  may  faH 
therfor  in  a  rage  &  grete  corowe  /  And  yf  it  be  so,  that 
god  forbede  !  that  by  his  tryews  or  alyauwce  /  som  londe 
abydeth  wyth  liym  for  to  make  there  his  residence,  he  8 
neuer  be  in  a  suerte  to  soiurue  there  pesible  /  but  aH 
atones,  &  wythout  taryeng,  he  be  cast  therfrom  sharn- 

but  live  the  life     fuHy  /  &  lyue,  like  mendycau??t,  a  poure  lyf  and  nede- 

of  a  beggar, 

fuH  /   ■\vhiche   maye  come  to  hyni  sodaynly  afore  aH  12 
other  werkc,     Sooner  than  to  be   sure  of  ony  goode 
fortune  ;  And  tliat  after  liys  deth  wythoute  sepulture,  as 
and  be  buried       an  hownde  or  other  dounbe  beste,  be  he  caste  in-to  tlie 

like  a  dog,  and 

his  soul  cast         depe  shadowes  of  hel,  ther  to  suffre  tormentes  right  1 6 

into  hell.  ^  ...  . 

horrible  &  cruel  /  this  is  in  effecte  that  whiche  I 
This  is  Dido's  requyre.  It  is  my  request  &  prayer  /  that  to  you  I  do 
make  wyth  an  hole  herte,  at  the  last  poynt  of  my  lif 
whiche  I  doo  ofi're  to  you  /  redy  for  to  deye  at  this  20 
houre  /  receyue  now  ye  my  soule,  wherof  I  make  to 
you  2  a  present  /  0  ye  tiryns,  &  aH  they  of  fenyce  that 
She  bequeath.s  to   enhabite  prese?«tly  cartage,  aH  your  pare?ites  &  f rendes 

her  Tyiiaus  an  __ 

undving  hatred     alyed  /  &  aHc  they  of   your  affinyte  that  now   ben  24 

of  the  Trojan 

raee.  present  /  And  that  are  to  be  borne  herafter,  yf  ye  euer 

toke  playsure  to  doo  to  me  ony  thynge  aggreable,  I 
requyre  and  admonest  you,  at  thys  tyme  byfore  aHo 
other,  that  ye  haue  and  here  enmyte  ^  &  mortaH  hate  28 

[»ieaf  G  6,  back]  pardurable,  aycnste  *the  false  troia»s  that  goo  for  to  con- 
quere  &  wynne  Italic.  And  yf  it  happe  by  ony  wyse 
that  they  may  haue  dominacion,  &  cowquere  by  theire 
puissau^ce  som  lawde  or  region  /  I  exhorte  &  admoneste  32 
you  to  make  eternaH  werre  ayenst  theym  /  this  re- 
queste  &  ordenau?;ce  that  I  make  vnto  you  now,  it  is 
my  bequest,  it  is  my  testament  &  my  last  wiH,  my  co«- 
'  for  (lysauantage  -  urig.  yon  ^  orig.  eumyte 


en.   XXVII.]       DIDO    PROPHESIES    A    FUTURE    AVENGER.  101 

dicyHe,  &  my  wiHynge  inreuocable  &  peimane7it.     And      cap.  xxvir. 

to  thcrtde  thai  yf  by  som  wyse  ye  wil  not  accojnplysshe 

it,  or  that  your  children  after  youre  dethe  wold  putte   This  is  Di.io\s 

dying  and  irre- 

4  hit  in  oblyuion  /  I  haue  ordeyned  &  stablished  that  hit  vbcaWe  bequest 

_    '  to  her  people. 

slialbe  writon  in  harde  stone,  wherof  my  sepulcre  shalbe 
closed,  &  right  nyghe  my  bones  it  shalbe  sette  vpon  my 
visayge,  to  theHde  thai  it  shal  here  testymonage  ayenst 
8  yon,  yf  in  eny  wyse  ye  putte  hit  out  of  memorie  /  thai 
god  forbede  it  shulde  so  oome  to  /  but  deffyaunce,  with- 
out to  haue  peas,  and  without  benyuole?ice,  werres  / 
discordes  &  bataiHes,  I  Avyl  that  ye  haue  euermore  with 

12  theym  /  for  of  my  bones  &  of  myn  asshes,  after  thai  they 
be  rotyn  in  erthe,  shaH  yssue  atte  leste,  how  longe  some 
3uer  hit  tarye,  a  vindicatour,  and  a  man  of  ryght  grete 
courage  &  hardinesse  /  that  shaH  auenge  this  grete 

16  treison  of  y"  false  eneas  &  of  all  his  folke,  whiche  shaH 

bre/me  hem  aH  in  a  fyre  &  in  fla??nne,  &  shaH  slee  &   siic  prophesies 
distroie  them  in  diuerse  manere,  som  by  wepen,  y^  other 
by  ho??gre  /  som  shaH  be  drowne  in  y*  see,  some  he 

20  shaH   make  to  be   byhedde,  &  theire  me/nbres  to  be 

broken  &  aH  to-hewen,  y*^  other  to  be  hanged  /  &  the 

other  within  his  prisons  shalbe  flain  from  hed  to  fote  ; 

y*  other  he  shal  doo  cast  out  of  y*  wi?idowes  doun  to  y"  and  teniWe  suf- 
ferings at  his 
24  pauement  j  &  to  other  he  shal  make  theire  eien  to  be  hands  in  future 

years  to  tlie 

puHed  out ;  &  many  other  euyHes  he  shall  make  the??i  to  descendants  of 
endure,  theire  townes,  theire  castelles,  cites,  lordshipes 
&  possessions,  he  shall  take  /  theire  captayns  of  werre, 

28  knightes  &  barons,  he  shall  doo  destroye,  &  banysshe 
out  of  theire  landes,  &  shall  tonrne  them  in  to  grete 
mendycyte.   Theyre  *  wyues,  that  thcnne  shaH  be  come       [*ieaf  o  -] 
to  the  astate  of  wydowhed,  their  doughters,  &  also  their 

32  children  /  their  grete  trcysours,  &  aH  that  they  be 
worthe,  shaH  be  rauysshed,  habandouned  /  taken,  <fe 
departed  in-toan  hondreth  thousand  shippcs  /  chassed, 
caryed  &  transported  &  exyled  from  theyr  coiiti\;y  / 

30  and  putte  oute  of  their  nacyon  /  the  one  slayuf,  the 


102  DIDO  ENDS  ITER  TRAYEU  AND  PRErARKS  FOR  DEATH.    [CH,  XXVII. 


CAP.  XXVII. 


Tliis  avenger, 
who  is  to  redeem 
Dido's  fair  feme, 
is  Hannibal. 


Dido  requests 
liiT  people 
always  to  war 
with  the  Trojans. 


She  finishes  her 
liarangue,  and 
tliiuks  of  prepar- 
ing to  end  her 
life. 


I*  leaf  G  7,  back] 


She  sends  Barce 
to  keep  her  sister 
out  of  the  way, 


other  in  pr[i]son,  in  right  grete  seniagc  &  caj^tyuyte  / 
they  slialbe  solde  as  wylJe  bestes  /  iniuried,  defoyled, 
&  boten  /  The;yT  fayr  doughters  &  their  vyrgynes  shaH  be 
habandou?^ed  to  men  by  force,  &  deflowred  /  and  to  a  4 
ryght  grete  shame  deliucred,  &  vyolated  ayenst  their 
wyHe.      A  hondred   thousande   euylles   shaH   be   ap- 
pareylled  for  theym,  more  than  men  can  recourate  ne 
teHe  /  Thenne  shaH  my  shame   be   socoured,  &  the  8 
maculates  taken  from  me,  by  HanybaH,  that  shaHt  be 
borne  of  niyn  asshes  /  whiche  shal  bo  a  man  of  grete 
power  &  of  grete  renomee  /  preu,  hardy,  &  cheualrouse 
aboiieaHmen  tJiat  shaH  be  in  his  tyme,  so  that  memore  12 
shalbe  therof  as  longe  as  heuyn  &  erthe  shaH  last,  but 
in  y''  meane  while  I  make  a  request  to  you  aH  /  &  after 
to  jour  children ,  whan  they  shaH  be  borne,  &  to  aH  their 
lygnage  that  of  theym  shaH  come,  vnto  thende  of  the  16 
worlde  /  that  they  make  werre  by  amies  &  by  bataylles  / 
by  see  &  by  londe  /  by  assawtes  &  shippes,  ayenst  y^ 
traytours  troians,  aslonge  as  they  shaH  Ij'ue  /  &  that  y" 
see  whiche  is  in  oure  lond,  &  the  ryuages  &  portes  &  20 
the  wawes,  be  to  them  repulsyng,  contrare  &  rebel,  euer 
more."  thise  thynges  sayd  by  dydo,  enraged  from  hir 
good  wytte  /  troubled  in  courage  more  than  euer  she 
was,  esprised  fro  aH  partes,  sekyng  meanes  moost  subtil  24 
to  the?ide  of  her  myserable  lyf,  whiche  she  can  support 
no  lenger,  soo  weri  she  was  of  it  /  wyHyng  to  fynde  som 
roeane  to  voyde  oute  of  hir  castel  aH  them  thai  were 
there  /  as    slxe   had   of  custume  whan   she   wold  do  28 
sacrifyces,  &  that  she  myght  abyde  alone  *for  to  delyuer 
herself  soon  to  deth  /  and  that  she  were  not  e???peshed 
there-from  /  she  dyd  caH  pre^-ently  a  goods  olde  woman 
that  made  herself  to  be  called  barthe  /  y*  whiche  long  32 
tyme  afore,  whan  she  dwelled  in  thyr,  was  noryce,  as  it 
was  sayd,  of  hir  late  husbonde  Sicheus  /  and  kept  her- 
self yet  alwayes  styH  wyth    the  sayd  Elysse  /  as  are 
wonte  to  doo  thise  au??cyent  good  ladycs  wyth  theire  36 


CH.  XXVII.]      dido's  stratagem  to  be  left  alone.  103 

firste  mastresses ; — but  she  called  not  her  owue  noryce     cap.  xxvl 
fhai  had  kepte  her  in  her  childhode,  by  cause  that  she 
was  decessed  in  the  regyon  of  fenyce  ; — And  sayd  in  this 

4  maner  to  the  for-sayd  barthe,  for  to  be  rydded  of  her : 
"  My  good  moder  barthe,  goo  lyghtly  towarde  my  suster 

anne,  &  teHe  her  that  she  make  hast  for  to  rise,  &  aiaye  on  pretence  of 

preiwriiig  a 

herself  as  it  was  of  custome  wha?i   men   wolde   doo  saprifleetoPiuio, 

at  wluch  Barcu 

5  sacrifyce  /  and  that  she  brynge  wyth  her  promptely  must  assist. 
the    shepe  &   other   bestes,  wyth   the  other  pynacles 
dedycated  to  the  sacryfice,  that  long  agoo  I  dyde  shewe 

to  her  /  And  also  it  behoueth  of   thy  parte,  for  to 

12  admynystre  the  werkes,  that  thou  take  the  vestymentes, 

&  the  myter  vpon  thy  hede,  for  to  fuLmake  thoblacyon 

to  pluto,  the  grete  god  of  heH,  admyraH  of  the  styge  / 

whiche  is  a  grete  pourtde  of  fyre  brenninge,  that  renneth 

16  thrugh  all  heHe  /  composed  &  made  of  brymston  &  of 

pitche :  this  immolaczon  I  haue  purposed  to  doo  vnto  liym 

wyth  my  besy  thought,  for  to  put  an  ende  to  my  grete 

tribulacions  &  care  ezznuyouse  /  for  the  whiche  cause 

20  I  wylie  kindle  a  grete  fire,  for  to  bre/me  the  raymentes    Dido  will  bum 

Aeneas's  raiment 

of  eneas,  his  ymage,  that  ^  are  lefte  wyth  me  /  wherwy th    to  move  the  in- 
fernal regions  to 
I  shaH:  do  sacrifyce  to  y*  grete  flood  inf  ernaH,  to  thende    hatred  toward.^ 

him. 

he  be  moeued  wyth  hate  ayenst  hym  /  whan  by  deth 
24  his  trist  soule  shalbe  delyuered  to  him  after  thise 
thynges."  this  said,  barthe  went  hir  waye  hastely,  as  her 
olde  age  myght  suflFreit;  &  lefte  there  hermastres  dido, 
thai  quyuered  &  shoke  of  grete  rage,  &  entred  into  a 
28  grete  fransie,  desiryng  taccomplysshe  that  purpos  of  hir  Dido's  agitation 

when  left  by 

deth  /  wherof  y^dredfuH  reme?rtbrau??.ce,  redy  to  be  exe-   Barce. 
cuted,  troubled  hir  in  suche  wy*se,  tliat  it  made  ail  hir         ["leafG  8] 
wyttes  to  tome  in  to  a  wyked  kynde,  and  in  a  mynde  for 

32  to  destroys  the  first  composicion,  coagulate  in  couenable 
proporcion  for  the  entreteyny[«]ge  of  the  spiryte  vitaH ; 
wherof  her  fayre  eyen,  grene  ^  and  lawghyngc,  worn  in- 
contynent  toumed  in-to  a  right  hidouse  lokynge  mobyle, 

36  &  sangwynouse  to  see  /  the  swete  baHe  of  the  eye, 
^  fur  his  thynges  that        ^  orig.  greue.     See  p.  112,  1.  25. 


104     DIDO  GOES  ALONE  TO  THE  UOOM  WHERE  IS  THE  ALTAR,    [cil.  XXVII. 


riflo's  ajijicar- 
iiiice  is  oliaiiged 
by  her  distress. 


CAP.  xxvn.     whiche  is  the  veraye  receptacle  interyor  of  lyght  visible  / 
and  luge  of  the  colours  by  reflection  obgectyf,  whiche 
she   bryngeth   vnto    the   Imjiression    cogytyue  of  the 
entendement  /  wheruf   she  uiaketh  a  present  to  the  4 
suppost  indicatyf,   discern3'nge  without  interuaHe  the 
diS'erences   abstractyue   adherynge   to  theyr   subgecte, 
was  soue  made  obscure,  &  her  lyght  empesched  from 
the  veraye  lugyng   in  parfyt   knowlege  /  her   tendre  8 
chykes  and  vysage,  that  afore  was  playsaunt  &  debon- 
nayre,  of   sangwyne  coloure   tournyng   vpon  white  / 
becani  aHe   pale   sodaynly  in  hydouse  nianere,  &  all 
mortyfied  for  the  crueHe  deth,  wherof  the  harde  ang-  12 
wysshes  had  enuahyshed  her  alredy,  &  with  grete  furye 
betaken  &  cast,  went  &  mou?;ted  the  degres  aR  ^  highe 
vpon  her  palayce,  tyl  that  she  cametheras  y''  wode  Avas 
assembled  for  to  kendle  thcr  a  fyre.     In  whiche  place,  16 
y*  habileme?its,  the  bed,  &  that  other  thinges,  with  y^ 
Image  of  eneas,  &  also  his  swerde,  were  brought  for  to 
be  bre?ite,  &  cast  out  of  memorye  ;  the  whiche  dydo,  aHe 
thus  vexed  &  troubled  in  her  wittes,  drewe  y^  swerde  20 
out  of  y^  shetlie  for  to  murder  &  slee  herself,  but  or 
euer  she  wolde  doo  this,  she  dide  loke  vpon  y*^  hal>ili- 
mentes  /  the  bed,(fe  other  remenau«t,  that  by  other  tymes 
afore  had  plaised  her  soo  moche  /  &  the»ne  she  began  24 
somwhat  for  to  lacryme  &  syghe  vpon  the  bed,  where 
she  put  herself,  in  profcrryng  her  last  wordes  in  this 
manere  :   "  0  right  swete  dispoillynges  plaisau?it,  weH 
loued  &  honoured  of  me  so???tyme,  aslo??ge  as  god  &  28 
fortune   wolde,    I  beseche    you    take   my    sowle,  and 
delynere  her  out  of  thys  care,  And  from  these  sorowfuHe 
I*  leaf  G  s,  back]   peynes  /  *  in  whiche  I  am  absorbed  in  the  grete  viage 

of  heuynes  /  I  haue  lyued  vnto  this  tyme  presente,  and  32 
haue  fynysshed  the  cours  of  my  lyflfe  that  fortune  had 
gyuen  to  me.     It  is  now  tyme  presently  that  the  ymage 
of  my  semblaunce  be  sent  vnder  the  erthe  /  I  haue  had 
of  peynes  and  traucyHes   by  my  brother  pygmalyon,  36 
'  ori'j.  vile. 


Slie  ascends 
iilone  to  wliere 
tlie  altar  was 
made,  and 
Aeneas's  dress, 
image,  and  sword 
laid  out. 


She  looks  on 
these  memorials 
and  laments. 


en.  XXVII.]  DIDO    PREPARES    FOR    DEATH.  105 

that  made  to  deye  crueHy  my  first  husband  sycheus,     cap.  xxvii. 

wherof  I  haue  ben  ynoughe  ^  auenged  by  me,  and  lioldo 

me  content  therof ;  I  haue  edified  my  cite,  fayre,  noble,  Aiiwentweii 

,.,  TT  1  IT  11x1      tiU  the  coming  of 

4  puissaunt  and  riche ;  I  naue  seen  the  ■waties,  and  batel-  the  Tr.jans. 
mcntes,  &  the  deffenses,  accomplysshed.  0  felycyte 
merueiHouse,  wherof  I  shulde  be  weH  happy,  and  aboue 
aHe  other  honoured,  weH:  loued  and  holden  fuHe  dere,  yf 
8  the  nauye  of  the  troyens  had  not  come  "wythin  my 
stremes  of  the  see !  0  hard  co??imynge,  and  cursed  re- 
cepcion  intrynseque  /  false,  dau7igerouse,  and  fuH  of 
grete  dispite,  that  hathe  brought  me  in-to  confusion  / 
12  0  tryste   machynacyon  of   trayson,  approued   fuH   of  Di.ioianipntsiier 

•!•  II  1111  1  aiiiaoacliiiig 

frawdulouse   induction  /  that   hath  delyuered  me  to   siutinefui  tiwith, 
a  shamefuH  dethe,  whiche  shall  come  to  me  sodaynly, 
and  presently  without  taryenge."    And  ascryed  wyth  a 

16  hyghe  voyce,  saynge  in  thys  wyse  :  "Must  I  thenne 
deye  thus  falsly,  wythout  to  be  auenged  of  that  traytour 
theffe,  and  crueH,  by  whome  I  am  vitupered  so  sore  and 
defyled  /  Nowe  thenne  sith  it  is  so,  I  wiH  soone  deye 

20  hastly,  and  sende  my  goost  sodaynly  vnto  the  lowe 

shadowes  /  I  shulde  deye  more  gladly  yf  Eneas  were  and  grievps  that 

Aeneas  is  not  jire- 

here  present,  for  to  see  the  dethe  and  grete  tourraente  sent  to  see  tiie 

torments  she 

that  for  hym  I  muste  endure,  to  thende  that  he  were  supers  for  him. 

24  therof  contryste,  in  remembraunce  pardurable,  aslong  as 
that  Ms  lyfife  shaH:  laste  ;  and  syth  that  otherwise  it  can 
not  be,  I  goo  to  my  dethe,  whiche  to  hym  shalbe  in- 
puted  and  represented  by  the  inspecyon  of  the  grete 

28  fyre  that  soone  shalbe  kendled  in  this  place  /  " 

%  How   dydo,  fuH  of  grete   rage,  and  dys- 

powrueyedof  witte,  *  slewe  herself  with     rsigii.Hj] 
the  swerde  of  eneas  /  And  how  be  it  that 
32      aboue  is  made  me;^sion  of   this  ocsiczon, 
it   was   nothing    but    for   to   shewe   the 

^  orig.  ynonghe 


106 


CAP.  XXVIII. 


Dido  falls  on 
Aeneas's  .sword. 


She  is  fbund 
covered  with 
blood. 


Great  lainenta- 
tiiin  and  ujiroar 
in  the  city. 


T 


DIDO    FALLS    ON    AENEAS's    SWORD.       [cil.  XXVIII, 

diuersite  of  fortune.     And  here  the  exe- 
cucyon  of  the  dede  is  shewed 

^  Capitulum  xxviij 

|He  whiche  thynges  thus  made  &  sayde,  without  4 
eny  more  langage  /  dydo,  fuH  of  rage,  seased 
thenne  the  swerde  of  eneas,  whiche  she  helde 
the  poynte  vpward,  &  vpon  hit  dede  cast  her  self,  so  that 
the  swerde  entred  within  her  brest,  vnto  the  bake  of  8 
her  /  This  lady  thenne  feHe  douue  to  the  grownde,  sore 
hurt  with  a  "woujide  mortaH,  wherof  she  lost  her  speche, 
labourynge  sore  harde  atte  the  entree  of  her  dethe  so 
crueH  /  as  many  one  doo  whan  they  be  atte  the  poynt  1 2 
of  deth,  that  tormente  hemself  strongli  for  the  harde 
distresse   that   they   haue   atte   the   partynge    of    the 
spyryte  of  lyffe  fro  the  bodye,  that  wyl  not  leue  the 
raembres  pryncipaH,  of  whom  he  is  susteyned  /  but  yf  16 
it  be  by  grete  violence,  atte  leste  whan  the  cause  is 
meanely  sodayne,  &  not  aR  mortyfied  attones.  aH  thus 
was  this  sorowfuH  lady  founde  on  the  grounde,^  that 
coude  not  ryse,  her  handes,  &  her  persone  aHe  couered  20 
&  defyled  with  blood  Avithout  niesure,  &  the  swerde 
that  dropped  yet  of  bloode,  and  aHe  blody,  laye  by  her. 
wherof  a  grete  sorowe,  a  grete  crye,  and  grete  clamour 
was   thenne  attones  sodaynly  made  thrughe  aHe  the  24 
palayce,    that    perced    the  waHes   &    tours  vnto    the 
myddes  of  the  toune  /  ther  shulde  ye  haue  seen  make 
grete   lamentacyons,  grete  cryes  /  grete  playntes  and 
grete  moone ;  wymen  wepe,  sighe,  &  niakyng  sorowe  ;  28 
&  aH  y®  peple  was  aH  forsened  with  wrathe  /  Wher- 
of the  cytee  was  sore  moeued  in  grete  desolacyon,  by 
suche  wise    &  forme    as    though  y*  enmyes  capitalle 
of   the  towne  had   entred  by  force  of  armes  wythin  32 
the    same,  for  to  brynge  theyra  aHe  to  destruction, 
or  as  that   the    grete  and   auncyent  towne   of   thyr, 
'  orig.  groimde 


CH.  XXVIII.]     axxa's  lament  for  her  sister  dido.  107 

that  hath  *  nourysshed  theym,  and  the  same  cyte  of    cap.  xxviii. 
cartage,  had  be  bothe  embrased  wyth  fire  alle  kyndled      back?  ^''' 
in    a    flamme    /    By    the    whiche    grcte    noyse    and  Tiie  noise  readies 

Auna's  ears. 

4  disaraye,  anne,  the  suster  of  dydo,  that  was  goon  sone 
for  to  make  redy  the  thynges  that  neded  for  to  make  the 
sacrifyce  /  \Tiderstandyng  thenne  wefi  /  that  the  sorow 
Sz  grete  moone  that  was  made  thrughe  aHe  the  towne, 

8  was  for  her  suster  dydo,  that  had  slayne  herselfe  / 
wherof  she  aH  atones  forsened,  as  a  persone  tliat  ys 
madde  &  out  of  her  mynde  /  toke  herselfe  for  to  renne 
as  faste  as  she  myghte,  passyng  thrughe  the  multytude 
12  of  the  people  that  was  there,  smytynge  her  brestcs 
wyth  her  handes  &  fustes,  and  aHe  to-cratched  her  face 
Avyth  her  nayles  /  And  cryed  aHe  highe  &  pyetously, 
made  grete  rewthes  and  lamentacyons  /  caHyng  vpon  Anna's  lament 

over  Dido 

1 6  dydo,  sayeng  in  this  wise  / ' '  My  righte  swete  suster,  alas, 
what  haste  thou  doo  /  and  by  what  maner  &  rayson 
hast  fJion  broughte  thi  selfe  thus  to  eternaH  perdycyon  / 
and  has  deceyued  me  wyckedly  &  falsely  wyth  a  bytter 

20  deth  /  whiche  I  wolde  gladly  haue  suffred  &  endured 
wyth  the  /  Alas,  what  nede  was  it  to  me  to  make  redy 
the  sacrifyces  /  sith  that  a  fyre  for  aH  other  obsequyes 
&  a  swerde  weH  sharpe  slyped,  myghte  haue  broughte 

24  the  two  .susters  to  deth  bolhc  atones,  wythout  to  haue 
be  departed  one  from  the  othre,  Alas,  what  shaHe  I 
saye,  ne  what  begynnynge  maye  I  now  take  for  to 
make  my  mone  /  Why  haste  you  thus  dyspraysed  me  why  did  Dido 

decGiVB  }i6r  ? 

28  that  am  thy  suster  and  true  felawe  1  aHe  my  lyf  I  fiaue 
honoured,  worshiped,  serued  &  praysed  the  /  and  eke 
moche  loued  the.  For  to  folowe  the,  I  haue  alle 
habandouned  /  I   haue   knowen   thy  werke.    I  haue 

32  knowen  thy  wyll  /  and  also  thy  secretes  thou  wolde 
neuer  hide  from  me  /  Alas  now,  what  furye  fiath  taken 
tlie  atte  this  nede  /  whiche  is  the  sorowe  mortalle  / 
for  to  haue  caste  me  thus  abacke  from  thy  presence  /  by 

36  cause  that  I  sholde  *haue  had  not  knowen  this  faiote.      [•sign,  nyj 


108  DIDO    REVIVES    A    LITTLE.  [CH.  XXVIII. 

CAP.  XXVIII.  "AIos !  yf  I  niyght  haiie  knowen  the  same  thynge,  veraye 
Anna  would  have  troutlie  I  wolde  haue  cleyed  with  the  /  O  what  sorowe 
sister  Dido,  I  doo  suppoite,  whan  I  haue  lost  aHe  my  force  /  and 

noon  ther  is  that  me  recomforteth ;  but  of  aHe  sydes  is  4 
l)roiight  to  me  peyne  &  traueyHe  Avithout  mesure  / 
the  grete  wrathe  and  the  grete  care  that  wrongly, 
and  magre  myself,  I  doo  endure,  whan  I  me  recorde 
of  the  Iniure  that  my  suster  hath  falsly  doon,  not  8 
onely  to  me  /  but  hathe  defyled  vylaynsly  the  good 
name  and  the  enhauwsynge  of  the  cytee  that  she 
hathe  coummysed,  and  submysed  to  a  grete  vilete  & 
who  by  her  shame  ;    for  aHe  tymes  shalbe  recy ted  the   enormy te  1 2 

(luiith  has 

brought  di.sgrace  ^f   this    fowHe   befaHe,  whiche  euer   shalbe  imputed 

on  her  city. 

to    a    grete  infamye,  wherof  they    of   cartage    shaHe 
haue  a  blame,  that  shaHe  tome  vnto  them  to  a  grete 
diffamye.     And   moche  more,  by  cause  of  theire  good  16 
fame  that  was  knowen  /  that  had  be  weH  entreteyned, 
and  in   grete  worshp   susteyned   /  yf  my  suster  had 
mayntened    and   kept  herself  wythout  dysperacyon  / 
Wherof  aHe  hope  /  as  weH  to  theym  as  to  me,  failleth,  20 
by  her  thai  hath  extyncted  oure  goode  renommee,  & 
brought  vs  in  a  grete  blame ;   &  nowe  be  we  without 
pastoure,  as  the  sheep  that  is  habau??dou«ed !     Xow 
thenne,  sith  that  it  is  thus  come  /  lete  vs  loke  to  her  24 
wounde,  and  in  her  face,  yf  she  is  tlirughly  passed"  /  and 
rrrirr  Anna's       theuue  slie  toke  her  vp  bytwene  her  amies,  and  with 
vives  a  little.        ryght  grete  sorowe  and  heuyue.>se  /  wasshed  the  blode 

awaye  from  about  the  sore,  and  made  it  clene  fuHe  28 
SAvetly  wyth  hir  owne  raymentes  /  And  perccyued 
and  knewe  that  yet  some  spyryte  of  lyffe  was  wythyn 
the  persoune  of  Dydo,  that  forced  her  self  for  to  open 
her  eyen  /  And  thre  tymes  made  her  effort  to  reyse  32 
her  self  vpon  her  elbowe.  But  her  strengthes  sore 
fayHed,  of  the  dethe  that  alredy  hadde  her  aHe  in  her 
[»sign.  H  ij,  rewle,  myght  not  therto  suffyse,  but  that  she  *  musle 
^"^^  falle  ayen  attones  vpon  her  bedde,  where  she  hadde  36 


CU.  XXVIII.]       TUE    DEATH-STHUGGLES    OF    DIDO's    SPIKIT.  lO'J 

be  layd  /  And  knowyiige  that  she  wasted  alle  awaye,     cap.  xxviii. 
she  dyd  forse  her  owne  self  for  to  open  her  eyen  /  to   i,u\o  ojiens  her 
see  the  lyghte  of  the  daye,  that  gryeued  her  sorowe 
4  weH  harde  and  sliarpely,  and  by  suclie  a  wyse  tliat  slie 
entred   incontj'nente,  in   grete  pcyne,  to  the  extreme  thon  fails  into 

the  (leiith 

angwysslie  of  the  dethe,  where  she  was  ryght  longe  /  struggle. 
"Wherof  luno,  the  noble  goddesse  conseruatyue  of 
8  yongthe,  that  hadde  pyte  of  the  longe  sorowe  mortalle 
in  Avhiche  was  constytuted  the  fayr  Elysse  or  dydo  / 
sente  towarde  hir,  for  to  brynge  atte  an  ende  hir 
Immense  trystesse,  hir  noble  messager  named  Yris  / 
12  whiche,  as  some  saen,  is  the  rayen  bo  we,  with  hir  fayr 

cote  of  dyuerse   fygures,  For  to  vnl)yiide  the  rotes  of  Juno  sends  Tris 

to  unbind  her 

the  spyrite  vytalle  from   the  membres   of   hir   body,  struggling si.iiit. 
whiche  were  thenne  in  grete  opposicyon   and  debate 

16  one  ayenste  another  /  By  cause  that  the  humydyte 
radycalle,  and  other  complexcyons  in  proporcyon  con- 
uenable,  coenclyued  ^  togyder,  Dyde  receyue  the  gooste 
soo  that  it  coude   not   goo    there-from    by  hit  selfe, 

20  wythoute  ayde  of  other  /  Also  that  hir  deth  natur- 
alle  oughte  not  to  hauen  comen  yet  of  longe  tyme  / 
But  by  accydente  and  harde  fortune  /  whiche  is 
gl.iddely  euyH:   and    dyuerse    to  theyin   that  she  by- 

2-t  holdeth  awrye,  was  broughte  in  to  suche  dysperacyon  / 
not  for  noo  crymynaHe  cause,  nor  for  noon  other 
thynge  Avherof  she  oughte  to  suffre  dethe  /  nor  to 
endure  ony  peyne  or  sufferaunce  /  that  she  slewe  her 

28  self   And  thenne  after  that,  arose  proserpyne,  wyffe  and 

spouse  to  Pluto,  the  ryghte  grete  god  infernalle  /  tIic  power  of 
whiche  holdeth  vnder  her  domynacon  the  persones  over  mortiUs. 
that  be  Inueterate  of  euyll  dayes  /  And  they  that  ben 

32  in  grete  sorowes,  to  whom  she  admynystred  alle  the 

deturpacyons  and  the  *  hardenesse  of  olde  age  /  as  to      [*sign.  ii  iij] 
some  while  tliat  they  be  slepynge  /  she  setteth  white 
herres   on    the   grounde  of    their   hedes ;     Some   she 

36  niuketh  scabbed  and  fuH  of  ytche,  the  feete  to  be  grete 
^  fu'r  cofiicliiuHl. 


110 


Proserpine's  power  over  mortals,      [ch.  xxviii. 


CAP.  XXVIII. 

The  evils  in- 
flicted on  mor- 
tals by  Proser- 
pine, 


loss  of  sight, 


of  memory, 


of  strength, 


of  stature, 


of  complexion, 


of  breath, 


of  beauty. 


[*  sign.  H  iij, 
back] 


and  swollen  /  And  tlienne  the  gowte  or  the  poplesie, 
the  stytches  or  the  paralesye,  The  dehylyte  or  feble- 
nos   /   and    of    the    eyen    appayreth   the    sighte,  and 
replenysseth  theym  alle  wyth  teeres  /  and  the   lyddes  4 
of  the  eyen  Avyth  fylthe,  soo  that  wlian  they  ryse  m 
the  mornynge,  they  must  be  wasshed  wyth  wyne  or 
wyth  some  other  lauatorye  /  And  to  other,  she  maketh 
theyr  mcmorye  to  wexe  feble,  and  conuerteth  it  in-to  8 
ygnoraunce;    She  taketh   from  them  the   puyssaunce 
that   they   hadde    fyrste,  and  hath   awaye  fro  theym 
furtyuely,  by  proces  of  tyme,  aH  theyr  strengthes,  one 
after  another,  by  cause  noon  shalle  be  aware  of  her,  for  12 
doubte  that   she    be   not   deceyued.     And  after,  she 
maketh    theym    croked,  and    boweth    theyr    bodyes, 
hangynge  theyr  hedes  to  the  grouude-warde,  alle  fuH 
of   care,  and  as   couutrefete,  asweH    the  men  as    the  16 
Avymnien  /  to  the  Avliiche,  for   to  here    to   theym    a 
dyflfame  /  taketh  theyr  fayr  colour  awaye,  and  maketh 
theym  as  pale  as  asshes  /  To  other,  she  gyueth  rednes, 
wyth  a  highe  coloure  ouer  excessyue  and  dyshouneste:  20 
and   the  yelowe  heres  of   theyr   heddes,  she   maketh 
theym  to  loke  lyke  rousset  /  or  lyke  the  coloure  of  an 
olde  here  /  She  after  shorteth  theyr  retentyue  brethe, 
and  molyfycth  m  theym  aUe  theyr  bloode  :     And  noon  24 
otherwyse  it  ys  to  be  supposed,  but  that  she  doeth  in 
lyke  wyse  of   alle  the   remenaunte  /     For  she  goeth 
ledynge  alle  in  equaH:  proporcyon,  and  maketh  theym 
dystrybucyon  by  the  temples  and  in  the  face,  of  grete  28 
ryueles  and  fromples,  that  putte  oute  the  beaulte  of 
the    playsaunte   vysage,  that   she  sheweth    all   wyth 
cordage,  *  asweHe  in  the  nek  as  aboute  the  temples  / 
We    haue    therof    many    exemples  /  K"omore    therof  32 
we  wyiie  now  speke  /  It  is  so  lothely  to  here  /  Also 
weH  harde  it  is  to  me,  to  teHe  therof  that  I  haue  sayde 
afore  /  but  to  thende  that  eny  gaynsaynge  sholde  be 
Imputed  ayenst  me  /  to  haue  obmysscd  for  to  dyscute  36 


CII.  XXIX.]  PROSERPIXE    CLAIMS    PIDo's    SOUL.  1  1  1 

sora  of    the   coii(l3'C3'ons  and  euyH  operacyons  of  the      cap.  xxix. 

cursed  proserpyne,  that  is  more  sore   pryckynge  than 

the  thorne  /  I  haue  sette  thees  here  for  to  vnderstande   Proserj)iiie'8 

evil  deeiis. 

4  the  other  better,  that  men  shaHe  mowe  take  In  lyke 
conformyte,  as  it  is  recytcd  aboue  / 

^  Of  the  beaulte  of  dydo 

^  Capitulum  /  xxix 

8  rilHis  proserpyne,  of  whome  I  speke  /  how  be  it 
J_  that  of  aHe  her  werkes  and  subtyHe  artyfyces 
wherof  she  is  wonte  to  vse,  had  not  in  noo  wyse 
wrought  for  dydo,  nor  hade  not  yet  enprynted  in  her 
12  persone  eny  sygne  of  olde  age,  nor  other  thynge 
wherby  she  shulde  directely  haue  pretended  vpon  her 
eny  ryght,  Alwayes  she  wolde  force  her  self  to  haue 
for  her  part  the  soule  of  Elysse  /  sayenge,  that  she  Proserpine 

1^1111  1  irvi  •  J!  r    claims  Dido's 

lb  hadde   slayn    herseli    by  dysperacion,  as   tor  cause   of  soul, 
furye   and    of    rage,  whiche  is    a   thinge  Inhumayne, 
dependynge  of  the  operacyons  and  wodnesses  of  heHe, 
that    she    herself    hathe    enprynted    in    her   persone, 

20  wherunto  she  hath  subdued  and   submytted   herself, 

wherfore  by  reson  she  oughte  to  abyde  vnder  her  /  as  she  had  caused 
as  Ave  see  by  example  famyler,  whan  soni  body  halhe  and  so  lome  ' 

iiiiclur  Pi-oser- 

submytted  hymself  by  oblygacion  to  the  inrisdicyon  of  pine's  juris.iic- 
24  some  luge,  the  saide  iuge  is  capable  for  to  haue  the 
knowlege  therof,  how  be  it  that  to-fore  the  oblygacyon 
Avas  made  /  the  persone  was  exempt  of  his  lurisdicyon. 
And  aftre  thees  raysons,  and  othre  that  were  to  longe 
28  to  be  recou?ited,  proserpyne  sayde  that  elysse  ought  to 

abyde  with  her,  as  she  that  had  submyted  *her  self  to  [*»'gn-  H  "'JJ 
b.er  lawes  and  lurysdyctions  /  But  the  fayre  Iris,  that 
departed  from  heuene  by  the  commaundement  of  the 
32  goddesse  luno,  descendynge  by  the  cloAvdes  with  her 
gylte  feders  at  the  oposyte  of  the  Sonne,  ornated  with 
a  thousaunde  colours  /  Came  and  sette  her  self  vpon   iri»  descende  on 

Dido's  houd. 

the   hede   of    Dydo   /   And   for  an  aunswere  to  the 


112     IRIS  DISPUTES  Proserpine's  claim  to  dido's  soul.    [ch.  xxix. 

CAP.  XXIX.      adlegacyons  of  Proserpyne,  sayde  to  her  thees  thynges  / 
"Thys  is  of  rayson  wryton,  whan  eny  persone  noble  is 

Iris  opposes         in  debate  betwene  two  partyes,  tliat  the  mooste  parent 
hey  re  of  the  lynage,  and  that  commeth  of  lawefuHe  4 
yssue,  shalbe    proferred    afore   that  other  partye,   and 
shaHe  here  the  name  awaye  wyth  hym,  namely  whan 
he  is  of  the  fyrste  yssue  /  And  also  that  he  hath  the 
gretter  parte  in  the  herytage,  and  hath  doon  many  8 
aquysycions,  amendynges  and  reparacyons  /  H  I^ow  it 
is  soo,  that   the   goddesse    luno,  whos  ryghte    for  to 
deffende  and  kepe  I  am  sent  hither  /  hathe  produced 
in  her,  beynge  in  this  possessyons  /  that  is  to  wyte,  12 
Elysse,  wherof  we  vnderstande  betwix  vs  two  /  And 
hathe  made  her  to  be  borne,  hathe  brought  her  to  the 
worlde,  and  hathe  alymented  and   noryshed  her  from 
the  owre  of  hyr  birtlie  vnto  this  tyme  present  /  And  16 

Iris  recites  the      hathe  gyuen  vnto  her  soo  many  fayre  yeftes  of  nature  / 

beauties  of  Dido, 

As  in  beaulte  corporeHe  /  yongthe,  welt  made  of  her 
membres,  eche  in  his  qualyte,  and  ryglit  egaH  in 
proporcyon,  without  eny  dylformyte  /  the  hede  weH  20 
sette  by  mesure  vpon  the  nek,  fayre  heerys  and  long 
yelowe  tresses,  hangyng  betwene  two  sholders  to  the 
heles  of  her  /  her  forehed  brod  and  highe  ynoughe  / 
the  browes  traytice  and  broun,  and  the  lydes  of  the  24 
eyen  acordyng  to  the  same ;  the  eyen  grene,  &  open  by 
mesure,  lawghynge  and  of  swete  loke;  a  fayre  &  weH:  com- 
passed visage  ouer  the  forhede,  all  ynoughe  coloured  / 
j'sign.  H  iiij,    A  *meane  noose,  not  to  grete  nor  to  lyteH,  wythout  ouer  28 

back] 

grete  openynge  /  A  lyteH  mouthe  with  roddy  lyppes  / 

both  in  face  and    And  atte  the  chickes,  two  lyteH  pittes  /  &  one.  In  lyke 

^  wyse,  at  the  chynne  /  The  tethe  whyte  /  smalle,  and 

weH  loyned  togyder  /  A  rounde  chynne  that  was  not  32 
ouer  longe ;  A  whyte  coloure,  with  a  bryght  hew  there. 
"with-aHe,  some  what  tendynge  to  the  rede  /  the  necke 
longe  ynoughe  by  goode  mesure,  bygge  ynoughe  towarde 
the  lowest  part,  and  trnytyse  on  the  backe  syde  /  the  36 


CH.  XXIX.]  IRIS    GIVES    PROSERPINE    DIDo's    HAIR.  113 

throte  quycke,  and  ■\vitliuut  spotte  or  macule  /  longe      cap.  xxix. 
armes  and  smaHe,  tlie  sluildcrs  and  the  backe  flat,  the    iiisdesoribes 

Ltido's  beauty, 

brestes  weH  sette,  witli  a  gvete  space  betvvix  bothe  the 
4  pappes,  that  he  rounde  and  sette  of  a  heyght  /  smalle 
of  body,  and  large  atte  the  liaynes  /  The  thyes  harde 
and  grete,  withoute  eny  blemyshynge  /  Fatte  ynoughe, 
asweile  the  body  as  the  meuibres  /  The  legges  AveH: 
8  loyned,  and  soniwhat  sniaH  on  the  neder  parte  /  lyteHe 
feet  and  smaHe,  with  the  toes  weH  euyn  sette  togyder  / 
Avhite  vnder  clothes,  and  f  ulle  swete  and  smothe  of 
skynne  /  sniale  handes,  soupple  and  thynne,  with  long 

12  fyngers  and  sniaHe,  and  the  naylles  weH  euyn;  swete 
voyce,  of  fayre  eloquence  and  weH  in  langage,  sadde  of 
beliauoure,  and  of  symple  contenaunce  /  plaisau?it  for 
to  see,  &  replenyshed  of  aH  good  condicyons,  like  as  it 

16  were  one  of  y*"  wymen  best  accomplished  thcd  nature  had 
produced  syth  her  begynnyng  vnto  that  tyme.  "VVher- 
fore  thenne,  sith  that  thou,  proserpyne,  can  not  sliewe  declines  to  give 

up  her  soul, 

noon  other  rayson  but  the  sayde  subniyssion  wherof 

20  thou   hast   spoken   here  afore  /  I  saye,   for  to  kepe 

equyte  /  that  ther  was  som  deceptyon  or  frawdulent 

induction  that  hath  made  her  to  condescende  therunto, 

as  men  may  manyfestly  apperceyue  by  the  premysses  a- 

24  boue  writon,  that  see  theym  all  alonge ;  wherfore  the 

falle  well  vnderstande,  well  *  assoylled  well  i^  dellended,       [« leaf  h  5] 

may  welle  haue  releuement  /  But  a  nother  waye  I  shaH 

take  with  tlie,  yf  thou  wylt  be  of  accorde  and  content  / 

28  bicause  thenne   that,  after  thy  poure   and    myserable  and  gives  Pro- 
serpine Dido's 
descendynge  in-to  heHe,  in  the  coniunction  makynge  of  iiairin  exniiangc 

"^     °  '  "^     '^  forhercliiiiii, 

the  with    Pluto,  Thy  fayre   heerys  were   tourned    to  fioserpine's 

'  -J  "J  •/  hiiir  having  been 

In-horyble  and  hydouse  serpentes  sette  vpon  thy  hede,  I  ^',',"^p^'  '^,*,",j  ^j, . 

32  shaH  gyue  to  the,  theym  of  dydo,for  to  make  sacrefyces  tTe"infen.a/" 
therwith  vnto  the  derk  shadowes,  and  tygres  infernaHo  / 
Yf  thou  wiHe  renounce  aHe  the  ryght  tlrat  thou  preti^ndest 
vpon  her."   Wlievfore  tlienne  Yrys  made  the  fiiyre  licrys 

30  of  dydo  to   be  cutto,  and   toke  theym  to  proserpyne; 

KNEYDOS.  I 


regions. 


lU 


DIDO    DIES.       AENEAS    ARRIVES    IN    SICILY.  [CH.  XXX. 


CAP.  XXX.       And  tlienne  she  toke  vp-on  her  selfe  for  to  vnbjnide 
Iris  imbiiids  the    tlio  iiiembres  from  the  sjtyrite  of  lyffe,  Avherof  the  hete 

HUMIlllcrs    I'lMMl  -11 

i!if  spirit,  iiini       was  soone  extvncted,  ami  was  anone  rauyshed  with  tlie 

Dido  expires.  J  '  J 

wyndes,  that  bare  her  awaye  a  grete  pas,  and  delyuered  * 
her  free  and  quytte  to  that  phxce,  after  her  demeryte, 
that  to  aHe  folke  is  propyce,  as  it  is  ordeyned  by  the 
prouydence    deuyne,   wherof   the   regue    shaHe   neuer 
fyjiyshe  /  8 

^  how  Eneas  saiiiecl,  &  liow  by  tempest  he 
arryued  in  ceeylle       ^  Capitulum  xxx 


We  leave  Dido. 


XXTHat  shaH  I  more  saye  of  the  queue  dydo,  nor 


Aeneas's  voyage 
t(i  Italy. 


A  storm  turns 
their  cuursc. 


[•leaf  11  5,  back 


of  her  sorowe  that  .slie  made,  nor  also  of  the  12 
grete  moono  that  her  folke  made  for  her  after  that  she 
was  dede  /  But  now  I  shaH  telle  of  Eneas,  that  went  in 
to  Italye,  for  to  haue   the  loude  that  y*'  goddes  had 
promysed  vnto  hym  /  whan  thenne  they  had  xonne  &  16 
saylled  so  moche  that  they  were  in  the  highe  see  /  a 
strouge  weddre  arose,  that   brought   to    them  a  grete 
tempeste,  soo  that  they  wist  not  what  they  shulde  doo 
nor  saye,  &  habau/idouned  theyr  saylles,  for  to  here  20 
theyre  shippes  atte  y*  M'ille  of  y^  horrible  wyndes,  in 
whos  power  they  were  /  y*  mayster  maryner  said,  after 
his  semyiige,  by  y^  sterres  that  he  sawe,  *that  they  made 
waye  towarde  Ceeylle,  wherof  Accestes  was  kynge  /  24 
Whan  Eneas  herde  thus  speke  the   maryner,  he  was 
therof  gladde  /  and  sayd,  that  to  noone  other  londe  he 
wolde  more  gladdely  goo,  yf  the  goddesse  wolde ;  For 
Accestes  was  his  frende,  and  of  the  lygnage  of  the  28 
Troians ;  And  also  the  sepulture  of  his  fader  Anchises 
was  there  /  Soone  after  ceassed  the  tempeste  /  and  they 
saylled  soo  louge  that  they  arryued  in  Accestes  londe  / 
that    hadde   grete    loye    whan    he    kuewe    of    theyr  32 
coiuynge  /  And  soone  after  that  they  were  entrcd  iu-to 
Acestes  the  King   the  haueii  /  Accestes  ryght  gladdely  receyued  theym 

receives  them  "  "  , 

gladly.  wyth  grete  loye  /  "Whan  the  moriie  come,  Enecs  spake 


They  land  in 
Sicily. 


CH.  SXXI.]         THE    GAMES    AT    THE    TOMB    OF    ANCHISES.  115 

to  Accostcs,thc  kynge  of  tlio  londe  /  and  to  his  barons  /  cap.  xxxr. 
and  sayd  to  tlicym  in  tins  wysc  /  '  That  the  annyner- 
s.irye  of  liis  fader  lie  woldo  make,  and  that  he  Avas 
4  ryght  gladde  that  lie  was  come  thei'c  soo  sonc  /  And 
that  he  wyste  weHc  that  hit  was  the  wylle  of  the 
goddes '  /  Thenne  ordeyned  and  aduysed,  Accestes  and 
Eneas,  for  to  make  playes  of  dyuerse  maners  abowte  Aenoas  ceie- 

brates  games  at 

8  the  tombe  of  Anchyses  /  Wherfore  the  vonge  bachelers  the  sei.uichre  of 

•'  '  JO  Ancliises. 

shewed  there  theyr  prowesse,  Tourned  theyr  horses, 
and  ranne  and  lepte  /  and  proued  theym  selfe  one 
ageynste  another  /  And  atte  this  annyuersarye  that 
12  Eneas  dyde  doo  make  for  his  fader  /  was  made  moclie 
of  prowesse,  For  alle  they  that  were  there  dide  pntte 
hemselfe  in  peyne  for  to  doo  weH,  asweii  Eneas  folke, 
as  they  of  Accestes 

16  ^  How  Eneas  toke  the  see  for  to  soke  the 
regyon  of  Ytalye :       Capitulum  xxxj? 

Whan  they  were  coiueu  ayen  from  y**  sepulture  of 
anchiscs,  theyr  shyppes  were  set  in  a  fyre,  &  had 
20  ben  ali  bre?it,  yf  it  had  not  be  a  messager  that  anou/?ced 

this  to  theym  *  there  as  they  were  /  And  sayde  /  that       [*ieafnc] 
the  ladyes   that  were  within  the   shippes,  hadde  set  During  the 

games,  the 

tlieyni  In  a  fyre  /  Bycause  they  wolde   fayne  make   wmien,  un- 

■^  J         I         J  J  J  willing  to  go 

24  there  theyre  dweHvnge  place ;  for  they  hadde  ben  ''""f't^i',  set  nie 
seuen  yere  and  more  out  of  theyre  countreye,  &  were  ^l^^}^^?  ^\^!'j 
sore  wery  and  broken  of  theyre  longe  vyage. 

IT  Whan  they  vnderstode  thyse  tydynges,  Ascanyus, 

28  that  was  sette  vpon  a  ryche  courser,  went  with  other  in 
hys  companye,  and  rescued  the  shyppes  wyth  grete 
peyne  /  but  aHe  wayes  there  were  tlire  of  theymc  loste 
and    brentc    /    After     thys     was    doon,    Eneas    was   Aeneas  founds  a 

town,  (Irst  called 

32  counseyHed^  that  he  shulde  begynne  to  byhlo  ther  a   New  Troy,  aitei-- 

•^  _  bJ  J  wards  Aeesta, 

newe  cytee,  whiche  he  sholde  people  with  the  folke   f"'",  t.'"^  fis^-'d  and 
that  were  comen  with  hym,  that  were  not  able  to  bei'c 

'  orig.  conuseyllud 

I  2 


116  AENEAS    SAILS    TO    ITALY,   AND    LANDS    AT    CUM^.    [cH.  XXXL 

CAP.  xxxi.  armes,  nor  for  to  goo  to  batayHe  /  And  tlius  he  dede  it 
by  tlie  wyHe  of  Accestes  /  And  denysed  the  gretenes 
of  tlie  cytee,  and  sayde  that  it  sholde  be  ealied  the  newe 
troye  /  But  they  of  the  conntrey  named  her  aftrewarde  4 
Accestre,  for  the  worshype  of  Accestes,  by  Avhome  aHe 
the  lande  was  gouerned.  In  the  same  cytee,  lefte  Eneas 
The  women,         the  wymmen,  and  the  chyldren,  and  the  olde  men  /  and 

eliiUlren,  and  old  , 

men  are  left         helped  fivmself  with  thoos  that  were  stronge,  and  that  8 

behind  in  Sicily.  r  j  a   j 

mjghte  weHe  endure  the  traueyiles  of  batayHe,  for  to 
haue  theym  with  hym  In  Italye  /  A  fewe  men  lie 
hadde,  but  they  were  gode  and  socourable,  bothe  by  see 
and  by  the  lande  /  whan  this  was  doon,and  that  Eneas  12 
hadde  doc  make  the  tombe  of  hys  fader  /  He  toke  hys 
Eneas  bids  leuB  of  the  kynge,  and  of  hys  owne  folke  that  he  lefte 

farewell  to 

Acestes,  and        bchyndc  foi  to  cnhabyte  there,  that  made  grete  sorowe 

sails  ibr  lUily.  '  .  i  /» 

for  hys  departynge  /  Thenne  retourned  Eneas,  with  his  16 
folke  that  sholde  goo  with  hym  lu-to  Italye,  and  entred 
hys  shyppes  that  were  well  appareyHed,  And  made  the 

p  leaf  H  6,  back]   sayHes  to  be  *  hyssed  vppe,  toke  vp  theyr  ancres  /  and 

departed  from  the  rode.     Thenne  myghte  ye  haue  seen  20 
the  ladyes  and  other  wepe  full  sore  /  makynge  grete 
moone  for  their  frendes  and  theyr  chyldren  that  they 
sawe  departe  from  theyra.     Eneas  wente  streyghte  / 
towarde  ytaly  /  but  one  thynge  happed  euyH  to  theym  /  24 

Death  of  For  theyr  chyeff  maryner,  that  vpon  a  nyghte  was  halfe 

a  murus.  ^  slepe  vpou  the  forcasteH  /  felle  doun  in  to  the  see,  and 

was  drowned,  wherof  Eneas  was  ful  sory,  and  alle  his 

They  land  at         folke  also  /  Aud  soone  after,  they  landed  in  an  yle  28 
ay.     ^y]-^jg]jy  ^g  called  Tulyola,  where  was  a  cyte  that  was 
named  Thetys,  after  Thetys  the  neuewe  of  Eneas,  that 
gatte  hit  and  peopled  it,  after  that  he  hadde  conquered 
alle  Ytalye.        ^  I  haue  broughte  this  cyte  to  memorye,  32 
by  cause  that  many  haue  harde  speke  of  Dedalus,  that 

The  story  of         fledcd  there  for  fere  of  the  kynge  Mynos  of  Crete,  that 

h.w  he'came'^to     wolde  slee  liym  H  I  shalle  telle  you  the  cause  why,  and 
a  y  loni    le  e.   g-j^^^n^  j^^^^  awhyle  to  spekc  of  Eneas  /  The  wyffe  of  36 


en.  XXXI.]       THE    STORY    OF    D^.DALUS    AND    MIXOS    OF    CRETE.  117 

kynge  Mynos  of  Crete,  was  named  Pasyfa,  that  was  a     cap.  xxxi. 
grete  lady  and  a  fayre,  aboue  alle  other  ladyes  of  the   Pasiphaewas 

wife  of  Minos, 

royame  /  Dedalus  dwelled  that  tyme  in  Crete  /  and   King  of  Crete. 

4  was  a  wyse  man  called,  and  a  goode  man  of  werre. 
The  quenc  Pasifa  was  wyth  chylde  by  kynge  Mynos  / 
and  whan  her  tyme  was  comen,  she  was  delyuered  of  a 
creature  that  was  halfe  a  man  and  halfe  a  bulle,  whiclie 

8  was  called  !Mynothaurus  /  and  Avas  noryssbed  by  the   The  Minotaur, 

for  whom 

commaundemente  of  the  kynge,  that  Avende  bit  badde 
be  his  sone,  And  became  soo  terryble,  that  the  kynge 
was  counseylled  for  to  shytte  hyni  vp  som  where  in  a 

12  stronge  holde  /  And  for  this  cause,  was  dedalus  sentc 
for  to  the  kyng  Mynos  /  by  whos  requeste  &  com- 
niaundemente,  this  dedalus  deuysed  &  made  a  house 
of  *  merueyllouse   composicyon,  where  Avere   asmany       [MeafH-] 

16  walles   as   were   there  cbambres,  that   were   in   grete  Uadaiuscon- 

°  structs  the 

nombre ;   and  euery  chambre  was  walled  and  closed  Labyrinth. 
rounde  aboute,  and  yet  mygbte  one  goo  from  one  to  a 
nother.     And  yf  some  body  had  be  shette  therin  /  he 

20  coude  never  fynde  the  firste  entree  therof,  for  to  come 
oute  ayen ;  For  an  houdred  dores  were  there  ;  and  who- 
someuer  went  in,  after  he  was  ones  paste  the  firste 
dore,  he  myghte  ncuer  come  oute  ayen  /  and  wyst  not 

24  where  he  was.     "Wythin  this  place  was  Mynotaunis 

broughte  /  They  of  Athenes  muste  sende  eueri  yere  Tiie  tribute  of 

Aegeus,  King 

for  a  trybute  to  the  kynge  IMvnos  of  Crete,  as  to  thevr  of  Athens,  to 

•'  J     o  J  }  J       Minos,  seven 

souerayne  lorde,  seuen  men  and  seuen  wymen  /  vnder  youths  and  seven 
28  the  age  of  xxv.  yeres  /  And  whan  this  foureten^  persones 
were  come  to  Crete  /  the  kyng  made  theym  to  be  putto 
wythin  the  forsayd  house  wyth  his  monstre,  that 
deuoured  theym  fuH;  soone  /  Egeus  Avas  at  that  tyme 
32  kynge  of  Athenes,  Avhiche  Avas  sore  an-angred  in  his 
herte  of  suche  a  seruage  /  And  by  cause  he  myghte  not 
amende  hit /he  wente  and  soughte  after  an  auuswere,  to 

^  orlg.  foiiieten 


118 


THE    STORY    OF    THESEUS    AXD    AMADXE.  [ciI.  XXXI. 


CAP.  XXXI. 

Aegcus  consults 
tlie  oracle  of 
Miuerva, 

and  sends  his 
son  Theseus  to 
Crete. 


Tlic  signal 
jigreed  on  by 
Aegeus  and 
Theseus. 


["  leaf  H  7,  back] 

Story  of  Theseus 
and  Ariadne,  the 
daughter  of 

Minus. 


Ariadne  consults 

Ditdalus  as  to 
liow  to  save 
Tlicseus  from 
the  Minotaur. 

Advicje  of 
Ditdalus. 


tlic  temjile  of  Myneriie  /  for  to  knowe  what  lie  sholde 
doo  of  tliis  tliynge. 

IT  The  goJdesse  Mynerue  gaaffe  hym  answere  /  that 
he  sholde  sende  his  sone  Theseus  in-to  thraldome  to  4 
the  kynge  of  Crete.  This  Theseus  was  a  fayr  knyghte  / 
preu,  valyaunt  /  and  h.irdy  /  And  sayd  to  his  fader 
that  he  sholde  goo  there  /  Syth  that  the  goddes  were 
soo  playsed.  he  thenne  made  hym  redy,  and  toke  liis  8 
waye  /  And  whan  he  toke  hys  leue  of  his  fader  /  he 
commaunded  to  hym  that  he  sholde  here  whyte  saylles 
in  his  shyppe,  yf  he  happed  to  retourne  sauffe  wythout 
pereille  /  In  sygne  of  vyctorye.  12 

And  theseus  sayd  he  sholde  doo  soo,  yf  the  goddes 
wolde  brynge  hym  ayenne  alyue.  kynge  Mynos  hadde 
a  dougliter  that  was  called  Adryane  /  whiche,  Avhan 
she  sawe  *  Theseus,  that  was  so  fayre  and  so  amj'^able,  16 
and  that  was  come  for  to  be  in  thraldome  A^nder  her 
fader  /  she  hadde  pyte  of  hym  /  and  for  hys  honneste 
behauoure  /  Began  to  be  taken  with  his  loue  /  And 
vnto  hym  vpon  a  daye  she  sayde  /  that  '  yf  he  wolde  20 
brynge  her  in-to  his  countreye  with  hym  /  She  shulde 
soone   delyuere   hym  from  the   handes   of   her    fader 
Mynos '  /  Theseus  made  this  couenaunt  Avitli  her  and 
promysede  her  for  to  kepe  it  truly  and  well  /     The  24 
lady  wente  anone  to  Dedalus,  and  requyred  and  asked 
hym  how  she  myght  delyuere  Theseus  /  Dedalus  tolde 
her  /  that '  theseus  shulde  medle  pyche  and  towe  bothe 
togyder,  and  that  he  shulde  bere  thesame  with  hym  /  28 
And  whan  he  shulde  come  afore  the  monstre,  he  shulde 
cast  it  before  hym,  whiche  anoon  sholde  come  for  to 
ete  it ;  But  he  shulde  neuer  conne  chewe  it  so  moche, 
that  he  sholde  not  swalowe  hit,  nor  haue  it  out  of  hys  32 
mouthe  /  And  whyles  that  the  monstre  were  thus  besy 
and  sore  occupyed  /  theseus  myght  slee  hym  lyglitly  / 
And  whan  he  shaHe  come  to   the  fyrst  dore  of   the 
house,  he  must  take  wyth  hym  a  botom  of  thrcde,  and  36 


CII.  XXXII.]       ESCAPE    OF    THESEUS.       FLIGHT    OF    D^DALUS.  119 

the  end  of  hit  he  shaHe  make  fast  to  the  fyrste  dore,  cap.  xxxn. 
and  so  goo  forthe,  Avyndynge  of  this  botom  of  tlirede 
tyl  he  be  come  to  his  aboue  of  hys  entrepryse  ;  And  by 
4  the  threde,  that  he  shallc  wynde  vp  to-gyder,  he  shaHe 
mowe  retourne  lyghtly  to  the  fyrst  dore  where  he  went 
ynne '  /  Thus  dyde  Theseus,  b}^  the  counseyHe  of  the   Theseus  kills  the 

MiiKitaur, 

ladv,  and  slewe  the  monstre,  and  came  ayen  oute  of  the   escapes  from  the 

"  Labyrinth,  and 

8  place   fuH  soone  /  And  anone  after,  he  toke  Adryane   lies  with 

^  '  'J  Ariadne. 

"vvyth  hym,  and  secretely  entred  in-to  his  shyppe  /  and 
made  as  goode  waye  as  the  wyndes  wolde  /  wythout  the 
knowleche  of  Mynos  the   kynge  /  Theseus  was  soo 

12  glad de  of  this  good*le  adueuture  that  was  happed  to   [*  leaf  h  s.  onj/. 
hym  /  that  he  forgate  for  to  doo  as  his  fader  hadde  com-  jj^  forgets  the 
mau/Kled  hym  atte  his  departyng  from  Athenes  /  that     °"^ ' 
'  yf  he  scaped,  he  sholde  sette  vppe  white  sailes ;  and 

16  j-f  he  were  perisshed,  his  men  sholde  come  home  ayen 
berynge  blacke  saylles  /  and  thus  he  sholde  be  in 
certayne  of  his  lyffe  or  his  deth  : ' 

^  How  kyng  Egeus  lete  falle  hym  selfe  in 
20      to  the  see,  for  y*"  deth  of  his  sone  Theseus. 

Capitulum  xxxij^l 

WHan  Egeus  sawe  the  shippe  of  his  sone  comyng 
ayen  wyth  y"'  blacke   saylle  sprede  abrode  / 
24  lyke  as  wha?^  he  departed  from  hym  /  he  wende  verely 

he  hadde  be  ded  /  And  for  grete  sorowe  that  he  hadde  /   The  death  of 

Aegeus. 

dyd    caste    hymself   oute    of    the    wyndowes    of    his 
casteH  in-to  the  see,  and    loste  his  lyf  in  this  wyse. 
28  And  whan  kynge  Mynos  wyst  that  Theseus  was  escaped   Da-daius  im- 

'■  i)risoned  by 

by  dedalus  /  he  put  hym  in  pryson,  and  his  sone  wyth  iii"os. 

hym  /    But  Dedalus  made  Avynges,  and  fastened  theym  He  makes  wings, 
to  liis  armes,  and  to  his  sones  armes,  of  f ederes,  of  pytchc 

32  and  of  wex,  connyngly  made  /  and  floughe  oute  at  the  Flight  of 

Da-dalus  and 

wyndowes  fro  the  prison  whore  they  were.   But  sycanis,   Icarus  from 
the  sone  of  dedalus,  floughe  alle  to  higlie  /  wherby  the 
wax  wexed  hoote,  &  beganne  to  molte,  and  tlie  feders 


120 


AENEAS    ARKIVES    IN    ITALY. 


[CH.  XXXIII. 


CAP.  XXXIII.  to  faHe  of;  Avhcrfore  lie  felle  doun  in  to  the  see,  and 
Pciitii  of  Icarus,  "wns  di'owiied ;  but  llis  fader  floughe  soo  longe,  as 
Salamon  telleth,  that  he  came  in-to  the  isle  of  Sardayne, 
and  after  went  he  to  Thehes ;  And  alle  thus  eschaped  4 
dedalus  oute  of  the  pryson  of  Mynos  kynge  of  Crete  / 
Now  shalle  I  leue  to  speke  of  this  mater,  and  shalle 
telle  of  Eneas  and  of  his  werkes. 


and  escape  of 
Daedalus. 


t*]eafH8,  back]    * 


Aeneas  goes 
down  to 
Avernus. 


This  is  dis- 
believed by  the 
scribe ! 


They  arrive  in 
the  land  of 
King  Latinus. 


Latiniis's  only 
child  Lavinia 


w 


^  How  Eneas  arryued  in  Ytalye.  8 

Caj)ituluw  xxxiij 

Han  Eeneas  and  his  folke  were  arryued  in  the 
saide  yle  of  Enlyola,  they  landed  anone  / 
And  eneas  went  to  a  forest,  where  was  a  ryche  temple  12 
that  dedalus    had    founded   there  /  In-to  this  temple 
Avent  Eneas  /  and  there  he  wolde  reste  hym  self  awliyle. 
There  dwelled  the  goddesse  Cryspyne,  whiche  shulde 
haue  brought  eneas  in-to  heHe,  for  to  see  the  sowle  of  16 
Anchises  his  fadre  /  and  the  sowles  of  aHe  his  meynee 
that  Avere  decessed  /  but  this  mater  I  leue,  for  it  is 
fayned,  and  not  to  be  byleuyd  /  who  that  wiH  knowe 
how  eneas   wente    to    heHe,    late   hym    rede  virgyle,  20 
claudyan,  or  the  pisteHes  of  Ouyde,  &  there  he  shaH: 
fynde  more  than  trouthe.     For  whiche  cause  I  leue  it, 
and^  wiyte  not  of  it.    Whan  Eneas  had  taken  his  reste 
there  awhile  /  he  and  his  folke  dejiarted  from  thens  /  24 
And  went  so  moche,  that  they   came  in  ytalye,  in  a 
grete  forest,  where  the  ryuer  of  the  tonyre  renneth,  and 
faHeth  there  in-to  the  see.     thenne  co??anaunded-  eneas 
his  maryners,  that  they  shulde  sette  hym  alonde  there,  28 
and  aHe  his  folke  /  and  they  dyde  somoche  that  they 
came  and  entred  wthin  the  hauene ;  for  they  sawe  the 
countrey  fayre  and  delectable,  and  the  forest  grete,  & 
fuH  of  bestes  /  Of  this  lande  Avas  lorde,  kynge  latynus,  32 
that   had   noon  heyre  but  a  fayre  doughter  that   was 
named  lauyne  /  The  kynge  latyne,  her  fader,  Avas  of 

^  orig.  aud  -  orig.  co?;imauuded 


CH.  XSXIV.]  THE    KINGS  AND    CONSULS    OF    ITALY  TO  CESAr's    TIME,    121 

grete  age  /  and  many  one  had  reqiiyred  liis  dough  tor  to     cap.  xxxiv, 
he    theire  spouse.     And  amonge  other,  a  bacheler  of 
ytalie  shulde  haue  had  her,  Avliiche  was  caHed  turnus,   courted  by 
4  thai  -was  moche  preu  and   hardy  /  but  kynge  latyne 
wolde  not  gyue  her  to  hym,  though  the  puceHe  was  in 
age  able  to  be  marycd  to  a  prynce  of  a  lande  / 

IT  Here  It  is  shewed  how  many  kynges  had 
8      ben  In  ytalye  afore  that  eneas  came  ther 
fyrst.  IF  Capitulum  xxxiiij 

*    A   ^*^^*^  ^'"^^  Eneas  was  come  in  to  ytalye,  there  had       ["sign,  ij] 
Jr\^    be  seuen  kynges  that  successyucly  hadde  kepte 
12  the  londe  :  The  firste  was  Lanus,  whiclie  dyde  enhabyte   The  Kings  of 

Italy  btfoie 

there  firste,  &  peopled   the  contree  /  and   after  hym   Latinus,  for 

150  years. 

Saturnus  /  but  this  was  not  the  fader  of  lupyter,  of 
whom  the  auctours  speken.    After  saturnus,  was  Pyrrus 

16  kynge  of  thys  londe;  after  hym  came  Famus  /  and 
after  hym,  his  sone  Latynus,  that  thenne  was  a  lyue, 
and  kepte  the  royame.  There  reygne  lasted  a  hondred 
Si  fyfty  yeres  /  afore  that  Eneas  wedded  Lauyne,  by 

20  whom  he  had  the  royame  /  And  after  theym  regned  Aeneas  and  his 

succ6Ssors  40T 

eneas  in  ytalye  /  and  they  that  yssued  of  hym,  foure  years, 
hundred  and  seuen  yeres,  vnto  Eomulus  tyme  /  and 
thenne  seuen  kynges  reygned  there  after  him  /  that 
24  is    to    whyte,   Pympeyns,  lulyus    hostylius  /  Marcus  Romuins  and  his 

suocGssors   240 

ancus  /  Pryscus  tarquynus  /  Suluyus  /  TuHyus,  Lucyus  /  years, 
thyse    kynges   reygned    two   hundred    &   xl?  yeres    / 
vnto    Brutus,  that   fyrste  was   made   consulle  of   the 

28  londe   /  And   fro   brutus,  &   theym    that   after   hym  BruUis  and  the 
reygned,    vnto    lulyus    cesare    that    was    the    fyrste   J^it-lls  to  juiius* 
emperour,  was  v.  hondred  &  iiij  yeres.     H  Now  wyH  I 
telle  of  eneas  &   of  his   folke,  &  that  assone  as  tliat 

32  they  were  come  a  londe  /  they  sette  hemselfe  atte 
dyiier,  &  made  trenchers  of  brede  for  to  putte  tlieyr 
mete  vpou  /  For  tliey  liad  nother  dysshes  ne  trenchers  / 
and  atte  laste  they  hadde  soo  lyteH  brede,  that  they  ete 


Ca;sar, 
emperor. 


122  TUE    TKOJANS    LAND    IN    ITALY.  [CH.  XXXV. 

CAP.  XXXV.      alio  thoyr  trenchers,  and  aH  that  was  lefto  /  And  whan 
ascanyns  sawo  this,  he  began  to  lawgli  /  And  soone 
wlian  eneas  vndrestode  it  /  he  wyste  weH  that  he  was 
Fniftiinent  of        come  in-to  the  centre  that  the  goddes  had  promysed  to  4 

Anoliisc's's  vision 

of  trenchers.  hym  /  For  his  fader  hadde  tolde  hym  in  a  vysion,  that 
where  he  sholde  happe  to  ete  the  releef  or  brokelynges^ 
of  his  horde,   there  sholde  be  his   dwellynge  place  / 

Aeneas  under-       Eneas  hadde  this  thyng  sore  faste  in  his  mynde.     And  8 
whan  he  sawe  that  this  Avas  soo  fallen  /  he  was  right 

[»sign.  I  j,  back]   gladde  *in  his  corage  /  and  sayd  to  his  folke,  that  he 
wyste  weH:  for  certayne  that  they  Avere  in  the  royame 
that  the  goddes  hadde  promysed  vnto  theym,  and  that  12 
theyr  traueyH  sholde  be  fynysshed  there.   Thenne  they 
made  grete    loye    togyder,  and  broughtte  oute    theyr 

Aeneas  and  his     goddes  fi'om   the  sbyppes,  that  they  hadde  bronghte 

ID6II  rcioicG  ___ 

wyth  theym  oute  of  Troye;  and  to  theym  they  made  16 
sacryfices,  and  their  orysons  &  prayers,  that  they  Avolde 
helpe  theym.  Thenne  demaunded  Eneas  of  som  folke 
that  he  met  by  the  Avaye,  who  kej^te  the  contrey  /  and 
Avho  Avas  lorde  therof  /  And  they  tolde  hym  the  kynge  20 
Latyne,  that  Avas  sore  auncyente  and  hadde  no  children 
but  a  doughter  /  and  that  dAveHed  not  ferrc  from  thens, 
that  is  to  wyte,  atte  Lawrence  : 

^  How  Eneas  bygan  to  buylde  his  fortresse  24 
vpon  the  Tonyre.  Capitulum  xxxv. 

Why  King  "IVT^^^  shaHe  I  telle  you  why  this  cyte  was  called 

Latinus's  capital         ^ 

was  called  JL  1       Laurencc,  for  she  was  fyrste  named  Lamraa  / 

Laurentum. 

kynge  Latynus  hadde  a  brother  that  Avas  called  Lauynus,  28 
that  founded  the  same  cyte,  and  sayd,  that  after  his 
name  she  sholde  be  called  lamyna  /  and  Avhan  he  Avas 
ded  /  the  cyte  appartoyned  to  kynge  latyne  /  that  made 
it  more  stronge  than  it  was  a-fore,  and  Avas  alwayes  32 
called  Lamyna,  tyH  that  it  happed  that  a  laureH  tree 
grewe  there  vpon  a  hyghe  toure  wythin  the  cyte  :  And 
1  orig.  brokelyiigrs 


CII.  XXXVI.]       AEXEAS    SENDS    AN    EMBASSY    TO    LATINUS.  123 

Iherof  it  fortuned  tliat  kj'tige  latyne  dyde  callc  this  cap.  xxxvi. 
towne  Laurence  /  "wliiche  lie  loued  ryght  moche  /  For 
it  was  the  chief  cite  of  alio  his  royanie.  Avhan  enens 
4  vnderstode  tliat  the  cyte  where  the  Icynge  of  the  londe 
dweHynge  was  soo  nyghe  /  and  that  this  cyte  was  soo 
nohle  /  and  soo  weH:    peopled,  he  was  ryght  gladde   Aeneas  settles  at 

the  innuth  of  the 

therof .    And  after,  he  loked  abowte  hym  where  a  place   river  Tiber, 
8  was  nioste  strong,  and  there  he  hroughte  aHe  his  ooste  / 
and  rounde  ahoute  this  ])lace  lie  dyd  make  diches  & 
harreys  for  to  defende  hemselfe,  if  *nede  were  /  And       [*sign.  lij] 
for  certeyne,  wythin  a  lityH:  space  of  tyme,  they  made   and  fortifies  his 

camp. 

12  the  place  so  stronge,  that  thei  doubted  no  body  that 
coulde  hurte  theym,  nor  take  theym  vnbeware. 

H  How  Eneas  sente  his  messagers  towarde 
kynge  Latyne.  Capitulum  xxxvi. 

16   ■!,  jlTIIan  Eneas  had  begonne  his  fortresse  /  he  called 

T  7         to  hym  a  hondred  of   the  wysest  men  that 

were  in  his  ooste  /  for  to  sende  theym  towarde  kyng 

Latynus,  in  his  cyte  of  Laurence,  for  to  requyre  hym  of 

20  p<?as  &  of  alyaunce ;  and  that  he  was  not  arryued  in 
his  londe  for  to  doo  to  hym,  nor  to  the  contrey,  ony 
do9?jmage  /  but  besoughte  hym  that  he  wolde  not  Ictte 
hym  of  that  he  had  enterprysed  to  make  a  casteH:  vpon 

24  his  grou?/de  that  was  bego;me  /  For  he  made  this  for 

to  rest  hym  and  his  folke  /  and  for  to  dwelle  wythin   Aeneas  sends  an 

embassy  to 

his  royame,  by  the  comraau?«demente  of  the  goddes,    Latinus, 
.    Avytlioute  to  doo  hym  ony  hurte  nor  greuaunce.     The 

28  messagers  wente  soo  longe  wyth  theyr  ryche  presente 
that  they  bare  from  Eneas  /  to  kyng  Latynus,  and 
Avyth  garlandes  vpon  theyr  hedes,  made  of  olyue  tree  / 
and  also  in  theyr  handes,  brau»ches  of  the  same  /  that 

32  peas  and  loue  sygnyfieth  /  that  they  came  to  the  cyte 

of  Laurence,  where  they  fonde,  a  lityH:  wythoute  the  at  Laurentum. 
towne,  a  grete  feest  of  yonge  men  /  that  proued  and 
assayed  theyr  streyngthes  in  dyuerse  wyses  /  Thenne 


124 

CAP.  XXXVI. 


The  ambassadors 
are  introduced 
to  Latimis, 


[*  sign.  I  ij,  Imck] 

who  reoeives 
thein  cour- 
teously 


understanding 
that  tiiey  were 
from  Troy, 

;ind  enquires 
why  they  came. 


Ilioneus  exjiluins 
tlicir  cominj;. 


LATIXUS    RECEIVES    AENEAS's    EMBASSY.  [CH.  XXXVI. 

cntred  y*"  troians  wytliin  tlie  yates  of  the  towne  /  and 
one  of  the  louenceHys  that  thus  dyde  spoite  hym  selfe 
there,  wente  a  pase  afore  theym,  and  cam  &  shewed 
to  kyng  latyne  /  how  that  a  companye  of  noble  men  /  4 
and  to  his  semyng,  of  ryght  hygh  astate  /  Avere  entred 
wythin  his  cyte,  for  to  come  speke  wyth  hym  /  &  that 
they  semed  weH;  to  be  riche  &  pesable  folke  /  for  they 
bare  brauHches  of  olyue  tre  in  their  handes  /  the  kyng  8 
co;/<mau«ded  anone,  whan  he  knewe  of  it  /  that  they 
shokle  be  broughte  *vnto  hym  /  And  so  it  was  doon  / 
Tlie  messagers  come  before  the  kynge  Latyne,  to  whom 
they  made  reuerence  prudently,  and  hym  dyde  salue  in  12 
theyre  lordes  byhalue  /  The  kynge,  that  satte  highe  in 
his  throne  withyn  hys  haHe,  where  as  were  purtrayed 
fuHe  rychely  aHe  the  kynges  of  his  lynage,  connyngly 
made,  how  they  hadde  kept  ytalye  one  after  another  /  16 
with  the  aduentures  that  were  come  to  theym,  and  the 
grete  batayHes  that  they  hadde  made, — Answered  weU 
peasibly  to  the  troyeus  /  For  alredy  he   hadde  weli 
vnderstande   that   they   were    of   troye,  that  was  alle  20 
distroied  /  and  ^sked  theym  '  Avhat  they  sought,  and 
what  nede  had  brought  theym  in-to  the  londe  of  Lom- 
bardye  /  whether  the  tempeste  hadde  chassed  theym  / 
or  yf    they  hadde  lost  theyre   waye  /  For  in  many  24 
maners  comen  peyne  and  traueyHe^  often  vpon  '  /  "  but 
how  so  euer  ye  be  arryued  and  comen  hyther,  sith  that 
ye  reqnyre  peas,  ye  be  ryght  welcomen  to  me.     The 
londe    is   gode  &  fayre,  and  the  countrey  swete  and  28 
delectable  /  And  weH  ye  may  ease  yonre  self  therynne  / 
and  also  ryght  and  rayson  requyreth  that  ye  doo  soo  / 
For  dardanus,  that  fyrste  kept  the  regne  of  troye,  was 
of   this   countrey  borne "  /   Thenne  gaffe    the   kynge  32 
seassyng  to   hys  wordes  /  And  dyoneus,  one  of    the 
troyens  that  were  there,  beganne  to  speke  /  saynge  In 
thys  wise  /    "IT  Gentylle  kynge,  and  of  hyghe  lynage, 
^  orig.  trauuyllo 


CH.  XXXVI-Vir.]       ILIOXEUS    ADDRESSES    KING    LATINUS.  125 

and  puj-st^auut  pryuce  /  Thou  slialte  vnderstande  weH     cac.  xxxvir. 
that  none  titroDg;e  wedrynge  ne  tempeste  /  hathe  con-   No  tempi'st  sent 

them  licro  after 

strayned  vs  for  to  comme  In-to  thys  londe  ;  but  we  are   ifiiving  Troy, 

4  coninic  hetlier  with  oure  goode  wylle  /  For  we  ben 

departed  from  the  ryche  cytee  of  troye  /  That  of  lorde- 

shyppe  surmou?«ted  alle  other  cytees  that  were  In  her 

tyme.    And  after  the  destruccyon  of  the  same,  that  was 

8  soo  grete  as  /  thou  haste  weH  herd  telle,  We  departed 

fro  thens,  *and  haue  hadde  syth  soo  moche  of  peyne,      ["sign,  i  iij] 

bothe  by  see  and  by  londe,  that  longe  after  we  hadde 

lefte   and   habandouned  our  owne  contree  /  we  were 

12  co7?zmaunded  of  the  goddes  that  we  sholde    come  in   but  the  com- 
mand of  the 
to  thyse  partyes,  for  to  haue   tlierin  our   residence  /  Gods. 

And  we  requyre  onely  to  haue  a  lityH:  plotte  of  grounde  They  require 

only  a  plot  of 

where  we  mave  dwelle  in  peas  /  and  no  liurte,  domage,   ground  on  wiiicu 

•^  ^  '  5  o   >    to  dwell  in 

16  ne  greuauHce,  shalle  not  be  doon  to  the,  of  vs,  by  no  I'eace. 
maner  of  wyse  /  And  ye  muste  knowe,  that  we  myghte 
haue  be  receyucd  in  many  places,  and  in  a  good  contrey, 
for  to  make  there  our  dweHynge  /  But  the  destynacyes 

20  of  the  goddes,  sente  vs  in  to  thy  reygne,  for  to  haue 
our  permanente  residence   there  /  as   Dardanus    was 
borne,  And  appollo  co?nmaunded  vs  the  same  /  and   Italy  is  their 
for  this  thynge,"  sayd  Dyoneus,  "  we  are  arryued  in  this   command  of 

Apollo. 

24  londe  /  And  also  Eneas,  that  is  our  kynge,  sendetli  vnto 
the  of  his  lewelles  that  he  hath  brought  Avith  bym 
oute  of  troye,  where  he  Avas  in  grete  honour,  and  a 
prince  of  grete  lordeshyppcs."     And  thenne  he  toke  to   iiioneus  gives 

King  Latinus 

28  the  kynge  a  riche  mau);tellc,  &  a  crowne  of  fyne  golde   Eneas's  present. 
aH  sette  wyth  precyouse  stones,  and  a  cepter  royaH,  tliat 
kyng  pryamus  dyde  here  often  in  his  honde. 

^  How  kyng  Latynus  made  grete  ioye  & 
32      good   clicre  to  y"  mcssagers  of  eneas  : 

Cap"  XXX vij 

THe  kyng  latynus  receyued  the  ryclic  i)rcsent,  and   Latinus  accepts 
dyoneus    lielde    his    i)eas  /  &    tlic    kyng    latyne 


126 


LATINUS    WELCOMES    THE    THOJANS. 


[cii.  x: 


CAP.  XXXVIII. 

Latinus  sends  a 
message  of  wel- 
come to  Aeneas, 
whom  he  con- 
siders the  person 
destined  to 
marry  his  only 
daughter 


Lavinia,  whom 
lie  had  pre- 
viously granted 
to  Tumus. 


[*  sign.  I  iij, 
back] 


Latinus  feasts 
the  messengers 
and  sends  them 
back  with  gifts. 


'  They  return  in 
joy  to  Eueas. 


prayseil  moclie  tlie  troians,    not  for  the  present  that 
eneas  had   sent  to  hym,  but  for  lone  of  the  maryage 
of  his  donghter  /  And  Avhy  he  dyd  soo,  it  was  for 
bycause  that  he  had  grau«,ted  his  dougliter  to  a  wor-  4 
shi[p]fuH:  knyghte   that  was  called  Turnus,  the  sone 
of  kynge  Darynus,  of  the  cyte  of  Darda  /  that  was  not 
ferre  from  Laurence  /  To  hym  be  hadde  couenaunced 
his  doughter  Lauyne  /  but  theropon  be  had  an  answer  8 
of  y''  goddes,  that  he  sholde  not  gyue  her  to  hym  / 
but   he  sholde  gyue  *her  vnto  a  knyght  straunger. 
And  whan  kynge  Latyne  hadde  mused  a  lytyli  in  hym 
selfe  /  he  ansuered  to  the  message  :  "  Fayre  brother,  the  1 2 
gyfte  that  thou  hast  brought  to  me  from  thy  lordes 
byhalue,  I  shalle  not  refuse  /  but  I  receyue  it  gladly  / 
and    so    teHe    hym    that    I    am   ryght   glad    of    his 
comraynge,  and  that  my  londe,  whyche  is  goode  /  Is  16 
atte  hys  wille ;  and  yf  yt  playseth  to  fiym,  he  ma}'- 
herberrowe  hymself  wyth  me  within  thys  cytee  /  And 
also  ye  shalle  telle  hym,  that  I  haue  a  doughter,  whiche 
the  goddes  deffende  me  that  I  shalle  not  gyue  her  to  20 
no  man  of  this  countreye,  and  wyl  that  I  gyue  hor 
to  a  stranger,  of  whome  shaHe  come  a  roayalle  lygnee, 
and  of  grete  name  thrughe  aHe  the  worlde ;  and  but  I 
be  deceyued,  It  most  be  he."  24 

^  How   kynge  Latyne  sent   his  presentes 
to  Eneas  /  ^  Capitiilum  xxxviij. 

WHan  the  kynge  latyne  had  thus  spoken  /  he 
made  to  be  brought  afore  hym  a  honderd  28 
fayre  horses,  weHe  rychely  enharnyshed  and  nobly 
arayed  /  and  to  euery  messager  troyen,  he  gaffe  one 
of  thys  horses  /  and  sent  to  Eneas  a  ryche  chare,  aile 
appareylled  for  to  fyght  In  a  bataylle  /  Thenne  toke  32 
the  messagers  there  leue  of  the  kynge  latyne,  after  that 
he  hadde  made  theym  goode  chere,  and  ryally  fested, 
and   came   alle   ayen   gladde  and    loyouse  to   theyre 


en.  XXXVIII.]  THE    WRATH    OF   TL'HNUS.  127 

lorJe  /  And    recounted  to   hym  altogyder  as   it  was   cap.  xxxviii. 
sayde  and  doon  /  "VVherof  eneas  was  rycfht  gladde.  &   News  of  the 

eiiilia.ssy 

made  gretc  loie  /  The  tidynge.s  were  spred  aiie  aboute    si'ieaUs. 
4  the   londe   of    lonibardye,   and    was    annou?<ced    vnto 
Turnus,   tliat    the    truyens   that   were   escaped    out    of  Tunms  ULais  of 
Troyc,  were  aryued   in  that   londe,  and  hadde  a  lorde 
that  was  caHed  Eneas  /  To  whom  kynge  Latyne  hadde 
8  hal;aundouned  aHe  hj-s  londe.  and  also  liys  doughter, 
that  Turnus  slioldc  liaue  hy  maryage  /  But  the  kynge 
wolde  *gyue   her  to   the   troians,  for   to   enheryte  his      [» sigu.  l  iiijj 
royame  of  the  lyuee  of  troye  /  And  that  kynge  Latyne 

12  hadde  ali-redy  consented  to  theym  for  to  buylde  and 
sette  a  casteH  vpon  the  ryuer  of  Tonyre  /  soo  that  they 
sholde  not  be  cast  oute  liglitly  from  the  royame  by 
force.     Assone  as  Turnus  wyste  of  thyse  tydynges,  he 

1 6  was  sore  an-angred  in  his  herte.     And  was  ouermoche  and  is  angry, 
wrothe  for  the  danioyselt,  that  hadde  be  graunted  and 
gyuen  firste  of  ali  vnto  hym  /  And  weH  he  swore  tliat  He  swears  Aeneas 

°"'  "^        '  sliall  never 

Eneas  sholde  neuer  haue  her,  as  longe  as  he  were  man   possess  Laviuia, 
20  on  lyue.     Turnus,  by  the  counceyH  of  his  fader,  sente  and  calls  a 

council  of  his 

for   his  nyghe  frendes  and   kynnesmen,  for  to   haue  friends  and 

""  •  _  kinsmen. 

cou??seyH:  vpon  this  thynge  /  And  whan  he  had 
assembled  theym  togyder,  they  did  counseyH:  hym  that 

24  he  sholde  goo  towarde  kyng  Latyne,  atte  lawrence,  & 
towarde  the  quene  /  for  to  knowe  whi  they  wolde 
gyue  theyr  doughter  to  a  nother,  contrary  to  their 
promyse   that   they  hadde  made  to   hym,      Duryngo 

28  that  these  Avordes  ranne  /  Eneas  and  his  people 
wroughte  stylle  to  make  vp  theyr  fortresse  /  And 
ascanyus,  by  the  lycence  of  eneas  his  fader,  wente  to 
the  foreste  that  was  nyghe  by  Lawrence,  and  dyuersc 

32  of  his  knyghtes  wyth   hym,  for  to  hunte  tlie  wylde  Ascanius  imnts 

'  111  i/"!!'*^  ^^^  forest. 

bestes  /  Turnus  hadde  two  sones,  and  a  fayr  doughter 

whiche  was  named  Syluya.  this  siluya  had  norisshed  a 

herte  tytt  that  he  was  oucrgrowen  ^  and  grete,  that  her 

'  vri(j.  oiiergrowen 


128 

CAP.  XXXVIII. 

Ascanius  wounds 
a  tame  deer 
belonging  to 
Sylvia,  Turnus's 
tlaughter. 


[*sign.  1  iiij, 
back] 


It  flies  home. 


Grief  of  Sylvia. 


Tumus  in  anger 
goes  to  the 
forest  with  his 
followers. 


and  attacks 
Ascanius  and  his 
hunters. 


Turnus's  son 
kiUed. 


Aeneas  comes  to 
the  rescue. 


ASCANIUS'S    UNLUCKT    HUNT.       A    FIGHT.       [cH.   XXXVIII. 

hretheren  had  bronghte  to  her  from  the  foreste  /  soo 
yonge  they  had  take  hym  awaye  fro  the  nioder.     This 
herte  was  soo    tame,  that   he   .suffred    weii   tliat    the 
damoiselle  layed  her  hande  ouer  him,  for  to  make  hym  4 
fayr   and   euyn  /  and   that   she    shold   make   liim   a 
garlonde  aboute  his  homes,  he  was  weH:  fed,  and  moche 
loued  of  her  /  and  also  of  Tumus  her  brother.     And 
whan  that  this  herte  had  be  longe  atte  home,  he  \vente  8 
iii-to  the  forest  among  the  other  /  and  cam  ayen  atte 
euyn.     The  houndes  of  *  Ascanyus  founde  thys  herte, 
and  hunted  hym  sore,  tyH  that  Ascanyus  Ladde  espyed 
hym,  and  shotte   an  arowe  att  hym,  and  rought  the  12 
sydes  of  hym.     This  herte,  aHe  thus  wounded  and  sore 
hurt,  came  home  ayen  as  fast  as  he  myght,  there  as  he 
was  noryshed,  and  cryed  and  made  mone  after  hys 
manere.       Syluya    came   fyrst    there   where    he    was,  16 
whiche  was  ryght  sory  whan  she  dyde  see  the  hert, 
that  bled  sore  and  was  a  deynge.     Thenne  came  ^  there 
turnus,  that  was  moche  an-angryd  and  wroth  therfore, 
&  founde  the  wounde,  and  blew  a  home  for  to  moeue  20 
bis    folke  ayenst   theym    that   had    slayne  this   hert. 
And  no  moo  wordes  were  made  there ;  But  they  went 
toward  the  forest  atie  armed,  where  they  founde  the 
troy  ens   that    were    come   after   the   hert :    And    the  24 
churles  ranne  soone  vpon  theym  with  suche  armures 
as  they  had  /  The  troyens  deffended  theymself  with 
theyre  bowes  and  with  theyr  swerdes,  but  the  most 
strengthe  was   styH  witli  the  men  of  the  countree  /  28 
Neuertheles  the  medlee  wexed  so  strong,  that  ascanyus 
kylled  there  the  eldest  son  of  Turnus  with  an  arowe. 
Thejzne  rose  ther  a  grete  crye,  Soo   that  the   troiens 
were  of  the  wors  syde  /  And  whan  Eneas  wist  of  hit  32 
in  his  fortresse,  he  came  &  brought  there  a  grete  part 
of  his  folke  / 

>  orig.  caae 


CII.   XXXIX.]  THE    BEGINNING    OF    "VV'AR.  129 

^  How  turnus  sente  for  his  folke,  for  to    cap.  xxxix. 
chasse  &  dryuo  Eneas  out  of  liis  loude  / 
^  Capitulum  xxxix 

4  TTT^Or  this  occasiou  bigan   the  bataylle  to  be  gretc 
-L      and  mortaH,  that  was  not  apeased  anone  /  There   a  general  fray 

between  Aeneas 

"was  ffretc  eflfort  made,  &  bifjge  estoure,  after  that  Eneas   and  Turnns-s 

*-'  '  ^^  men,  m  winch 

Avas  come  there  /  For  of  that  othre  part  of  the  batayHe,  J^'iiwlf  join 
8  they  of  Laurence  came  there,  and  of  aHc  the  other 
contrees  about,  that  cursed  the  kynge  Latyne,  tliat  so 
euy}}  folke  liad  receyued  and  lodged  In  his  coutree  / 
To  this  sorowe  came   Tur*nus  /  and   whan   he  sawe       [*  leaf  1 5] 

12  aHe  the  folke  of  laurence  so  moeued  ayenste  the  kynge 
Latyne  /  he  bigan  the?aie  to  swere  and  saye,  that  euyU 
sholde  come  therof  to  the  kynge  Latyne  and  to  the 
troyens;  for  yf  he  had  not  Lauyne  to  his  wyif,  he  sholde 

16  doo  brenne  the  cyte,  and  the  palays  also  /  And  thenne 

he  ascryed  his  folke,  and  aHe  theym  of  the  cyte,  in   Latinns  tries  to 

quiet  Turnus  in 

whiche  were  many  knyghtes,  and  sayde  that  hym  self  vam. 
and   theym   of   the    cyte  sholde   yssue   in    batayUe  / 
20  Thenne   spake    kynge   Latyne    to    his    folke    and    to 
Turnus,  and  tolde  theym  that,  ayenst  the  wiHe  of  the 
goddes,  and  without  rayson,  they  wolde  fyght  aienst  The  fighters 

"  sepunite  at 

the  troyens  /  Lut  for  thise  wordes  /  turnus  nor  the   liJK'it, 
24  other  wolde  neuer  withdrawe  theym  self,  the  kynge, 
that  sawe  they  wolde  noon  other  wyse  doo,  he  lete 
theym  shyfte  /  &  fought  tyli  that  the  euyn  departed   LalreutSm*"tiie 
theym  /  Thenne    came   ayen   they    of   the    londe    to   c.[^i'"'*  ^"  ""^''^ 
28  lawrence  /  &  eneas  &  ascanyus  went  ayen  to  theire 
fortresse  /  turnus  had  sent  for  his  aide  in  the  contreye 
aH  about,  &   made  grete  folke  /  first  of  aH:,  came  to 
him  mescayus  of  cusye,  &  causus  his  sone,  &  brought 
32  folke  wyth  theym.  &  the?ine  came  they  of  lo?rtbardye, 
of  to-scane,  &  of  the  ualles  of  ytalie.  besides  aH  thees, 
came  ther  canuHa,  a  mayde  that  was  lady  of  prouerne, 

ENEYi;OS.  ''^ 


130 


CAP.  XL. 

Tiirnns 
assembles  the 
Italian  chiefs 
and  their  tribes. 

Among  them 
comes  Queen 
Camilla. 


[*  leaf  I  5,  back] 

Aeneas  scorns 
Turnus  and  his 
allies,  but  is 
warned  in  a 
vision  to  ask 
help  of  Evander, 
an  Arcadian 


settled  on  the 
Tiber,  on 
Mount  Palatine, 
where  is  now 
Rome. 


AENEAS    SEEKS    SUCCODR    FROM    EVANDER.  [cH.  XL. 

&  medabus  was  her  fader :  this  damoj^seUe  brought 
with  her  grete  co?»panye  of  medews  aH;  in  amies,  for 
to  gyue  soconrs  to  turnus,  tliai  she  loued^  sore,  wlian 
she  was  come  to  laure?ice,  she  was  gretly  loked  vpo/i  4 
of  y^  ladyes  of  the  cyte,  bicause  that  she  mayntened 
herself  lykc  a  knyght :  she  was  stronge  &  hardy,  more 
thenne  eny  other  creature  / 

How  eneas  we^?t  to  seke  socours  of  y®  kynge  8 
eua;^cler  /  cap?  xl 

THus  had  turn?<.s  assembled  his  folke  for  to  chase 
eneas  &  his  folke  out  of  lo?)ibarde  /  for  he  Avoid 
haue  y*^  dough ter  of  y*  kyng  latyne  /  eneas  had  with  him  12 
litil  aide,  but  of  them  thai  he  had  brought  with  liym. 
he  toke  no  care,  nor  abashed  hym  not  bicause  that  y* 
same  lo?ide  was  promysed  to  him  for  to  dweHe  *  in  hit  / 
vpon  a  nyghte  cam  to  hym  a  vysion,  that  tolde  hym  16 
that  he  sholde  goo  to  seke  helpe  to  a  kynge  that  was 
called  Euander,  Avhiche  was  neuewe  to  kyng  Thalamus 
of  Archade.     This  euander  slewe  his  fader,  by  exhort- 
ynge  of  his  moder,  that  vyceta  was  called  /  and  for  this  20 
cause  he  lefte  archade  /  and  came  in-to  ytalye  /  and 
dyde  so  moche,  that  he  herberowed  hym  selfe,  and  his 
folke  that  came  wyth  hym,  vpo?«  the  mounte  palatyne, 
vpon   the   tonyre,  Where    Euander   beganne   a   lityH  24 
cyte  that  he  named  Palence  /  after  the  name  of  kyng 
Palantyne  of  Archade,  that  now  is  called  Eome  /  thys 
kyng  Euander  had  a  doughter,  whiche  was  called  after 
the  name  of  his  cyte,  Palencya  /  and  also  he  had  a  sone  28 
that  was  preu  and  hardy,  that  had  to  name  Palas,  y* 
whiche  werred  euor  ayenste  turnus  /  and  the  ytalyens  / 
Also  turnus  wolde  neuer  haue  concorde  nor  peas  wyth 
this  kyng  Euander  /  Eneas  sayd  the»ue  to  his  folke,  32 
that  he  sholde  goo  fette  socours  and  helpe.    And  then??e 
he  entred  his  shyppes,  and  his  felawes  wyth    hym  / 
1  oriij.  loueii 


CII.  XLI.]       EVAIfDER    SENDS    HIS    SON    PALLAS    WITH    AENEAS.  131 

And  rowed  so  moclie  that  they  cam  to  Palence,  where       cap.  xli. 

kyng    Euander  receyued    theym  wyth    grete    loye,  & 

honoured  moche  eneas,  and  sayd  to  hyra  that  lie  had   Evanrier  receives 

'  ''  ''  him  well,  anrl 

4  well  knowen  his  fader  Anchises  /  Soo  longe  they  spake  gives  him  assist- 

'  o  1/      i  ance  m  men 

one  to  thother,  that  euander  sayd  that  he  shokle  helpo  ^,^^|^'^ '"» s"n 
eneas,  &  shold  take  to  him  liis  sone  palas,  &  foure 
thousa?Kl  men,  good  fyghters  /  Eneas  tlianked  the  kynge 
8  right  moche  of  the  good  wyH  that  he  had  to  hym. 
And  whan  the  mornj'ng  came,  &  that  they  had  con- 
cluded togyder  of  ther  besines,  they  toke  leue  of 
kynge  euander  /  &  they  that  were  most  in  age  entred 
12  in  to  the  shyppes  /  And  the  other  that  were  strong, 
wente  by  londe  : 

^  How  a   grete    sorow  was    made  /  wlian 
Eneas  and  Palas  departed  fro  palence  : 
16  Capitulum  xlj? 


w 


Han  tyme  came  that  they  shokle  departe,  the        t*ieafi6] 
quene  wepte  sore    tendrcly,  and  the   kynge 
also,  that  caHed  hys  sone  fuH:  swetly,  saynge  /  "  Ha  a,   Piiiias's  mother 
20  fayre  sone  !  yf  I  were  as  yonge  as  I  was  somtyme  /  with 
grete  peyne  I  sholde  late  the  goo  without  me  /  And  I 
promytte  the,  that  Turnus  sholde  neuer  make  so  good  Evandei's 

lament. 

v/atche  to  kepe  hym  self,  but  that  I  sholde  doo  to  hym 
24  dommage  ryght  grete  /  But  olde  age  reteyneth  me  here, 
that  happeth  to  hym  weh.  'Now  jDraye  I  oure  goddes, 
tliat  of  the,  they  make  vs  gladde  /  And  that  I  may  see 
the  agayn  alyue  afore  that  I  shalle  decesse.  For  I 
28  liadde  moclie    leuer   deye  /  than    to    see   thy  dethe." 

U  And  thanne  Palas  and  Eneas  made  sacrifyce  to  the   raiias  and 

•J  Aeneas  stiirt  for 

goddes,  &  prayed  theym  i/iat  they  wolde  be  to' theym   a,K"rest*u,'|atr' 
socoural)le.  &  this  doon,  they  toke  theyre  leue  of  y^   "^'"^ 
32  kynge  euander,  &  walked  so  long  that  the  nyght  was 
come ;   &  thenne  tliey  herberowed   themself    behi?i(dft 
a  mo??tayne. 


132  TUENUS    BESIEGES    THE   TROJAN    CAMP.  [cH.  XLIf. 

CAP.  XLir. 

^  H[o]w  turDus  came  afore  the  casteH  of 
eneas  for  to  sawte  liym 

^  Capitulam :         xlij 

WHan    that     Eneas   was   goon    towarde    Icynge  4 
._ _..,„  euander   /    cam   turnus   afore     his   fortresse. 

"camp  in  iiis  ascanyus  was  with  y*^  troyens,  for  to  wite  yf  he  coude 

take  theym,  or  entre  within  y''  casteH  /  but  the  troyens 
that  savve  theym  come,  putte  theymself  in-to  theire  8 
fortresse,  and  made  hem  redy  vpon  the  waHes,  for  to 
deffende  theym  of  their  enmyes  weH  and  vigorously ; 
Tiie  Trojans  ^^^  visus  &  eryalus,  two  valiau??t  knyghtes  &  hardy, 

decHne  Tifrms's   kept  the  gate,  turnus  tliat  was  AveH  horsid,  came,  &  eight  12 
figiit  inutile  felawes  with  him,  vnto  y''  walles,  &  called  &  saide,  *  thai 

yf  there  was  eny  man  that  to  him  wolde  fight  in  the 
playne,  that  he  sholde  come  out  /  and  that  he  sholde 
haue  no  harme,  but  onely  of  him,  body  to  body '  /  And  16 
they  of  wythin  ansuered  not;  wherfore  he  launched 
theym  his  dart  ouer  the  walles,  &  went  agayn  In  the 
[*leaf  16,  back]    playne  felde  for  to  make  a  tourne  of  grete  chiualrye; 

&  he,  &  the  other  *eyght  that  were  come  wyth  hym,  20 
ascryed  theym  /  of  the  casteH  wyth  an  hie  voys  /  and 
sore   merueylled  that   they   were   of  the   troians   soo 
coward,  tliat  they  wolde  not  iuste  wyth    soo  fewe  a 
folke  as  they  were  /  and  whan  he  sawe  that  thei  wolde  24 
not  come  oute  of  tlieyr  casteH  /  He  wente  rounde  aboute 
it,  where  he  myghte  ride,  for  to  see  and  knowe  of  what 
parte  the  place  myghte  sonest  be  take  /  And  whiles 
that  he  dyde   thus,  approched   the   ooste   that    came  28 
towarde   the   fortresse   /   &   Turnus   apperceyued    the 
Turnus  burns       shyppcs,  that  Were  nyghe  the  shore,  for  the  men  to 
come  a  lande ;  whereof  he  hadde  grete  loye,  and  com- 
niaunded  soone  that  the  shyppes  of  the  troians  sholde  32 
be  settc  aH  in  a  fyre  /  by  cause   that   they  of   the 


CH.  5LIII.]  THE    TROJAX    CAMP    BLOCKADED    AT    NIGHT.  133 

castetie  sholJo  not  flee  thyderwarde  for  to  saue  theym      cap.  xliii. 

selfe.    They  dyde  thenue  as  turnus  hadde  co??imaund6d  / 

and  brenned  alle  the  shyppes,  sauffe  some,  of  whom   Some  ships 

4  y*  cables  brak,  &  escaped  away  /  wherof  they  of  the 
oost  had  grete  merueylle  /  turnus  sayd  that  the  casteli 
must  be  take  wyth  stre[?i]gthe  of  armes  /  And  also  he 
knewe  weH  that  Eneas  was  not  there,  but  came  faste 

8  ayenste  hym,  accompanyed  of  Palas  and  of  many  other 
knydites.    Whan  the  nyofhte  cam  on  /  turnus  ordeyned   The  itaUans  set 

'^  ci  Jo  I  •'a  guard  to  watch 

xviij  knyghtes  for  to  make  good  watche  /  of  whom   at  ni^^ht.^" '^'^'"^' 
Mesapus  was  chieff  /  and  thenue  they  made  grete  loye, 

12  and  ete  &  dranke,  &  made  goode  chere  /  The  troians 
byhelde  theym  /  and  garnysshed  theym  selfe  in  the 
best  wyse  that  they  coude.  Menestus  &  segestus,  that 
Eneas   had   made  constables,  hadde  theyr  folke  wel 

16  ordeyned   for   to   fyghte   /   and   for   to   defende    the 

fortresse  /  And  made  redy  for  to  sende  to  Eneas  /  But   From  ignorance 

'of  the  country 

noo  body  durst  not   auenture  for  to  goo  to  hym,  by   no  one  dares  to 

''  °  "^      '       "^     go  to  acquaint 

cause  that  they  knew  not  the  contrey  :  dan^er^'**^  *''° 

20  ^   How   Vysus  and  Eryalus   made   theym 
redy  for  to  entre  vpon  the  oost  of  Turnus 

%  Capitulum  xliij 

*  "TXTHan  came  toward  the  mornynge,  the  ytalyens        [»ieafi7] 
24         T  T      that  assured,  were  not  doubted  of  ony  body 
that  myght  greue  hem  /  feHe  aslepe,  alle  fulle  of  metes 
and  of  wynes  /  Thenne  visus  that  kept  the  gate,  be-   nisus  proposes 
though[t]  hym  self,  and  sayde  to  his  felawe  :  "  Goode   night  on  the 

Italians,  and 

28  brother,  loke  how  the  ytalyens  be  weHe  assured  In  then  go  to  ten 

Aeneas  of  the 

theyr  tentes  /  there  is  no  we  no  lyght  atte  aHe,  and  siege. 
•  they  be  alle  a  slepe  /  I  wylle  goo  In-to  theyre  oost,  for 
to  make  slawghter  of  theym  /  And  after  I  shalle  goo 
32  to  Eneas  In  pullence  /  For  I  shalle  fynde  well  the 
waye  thyder.  and  yf  I  may  brynge  thys  myn  entrepryso 
to  purpos,  I  shal  be  rewarded  ryglit  welle  therfore  "  / 
Whan  Eryalus  vnderstode  hys  felawe  that  spacke  soo  / 


134 


CAP.  XLIV. 

Euryalus  insists 
on  going  too. 


They  tell 
Ascanius. 


Ascaniiis 
consents, 


and  promises 
great  rewards 
for  their 
courage. 


[*  leaf  1  7,  back] 


Tlie  sally  of 
Nisus  and 
Euryalus. 


THE    SALLY    OP    NISUS    AND    EURYALUS.  [CH.  XLIV. 

he  ansuered  hym  anone  in  thys  manero  /  ' '  Ha  a,  goode 
and  true  felawe,  we  haue  be  so  famylier,  and  liaue  liadde 
so  goode  felyship  togyder,  and  nowe  ye  wyH  vndertake 
this  thynge  without  me  /  ye  shalle  knowe,  that  without  4 
my  companye,  ye  shalle  nowhere  goo  "  /  They  bothe 
togyder  went  to  Ascanyus,  and  to  tlie  other  that  were 
in  coujzceyHe,  for  to  wyte  whom  they  myght  sende  to 
En[e]as  /  Thenne  spake  visus,  and  sayde  how  they  had  8 
entreprysed  y**  waye  for  to  goo  to  eneas  /  and  whan 
Ascanyus  vnderstode    theym,  he   toke   theym  in   his 
arnies   alle  wepynge  /  and  sayde    to   theym  :  "  0    ye 
knyghtes  !   who  shall  mowe  yelde  to  you  so  grete  a  12 
meryte  of  so  grete  hardynes  that  ye  haue  enterprised 
for  to  doo  ?  the  goddes  shall  reAvarde  you  /  first  ther- 
fore  /  &  after,  my  fader  eneas,  &  also  ray  self,  that  neuer 
shalle  forgete  thesame  whiles  that  I  shall  lyue  /  and  16 
also  I  telle  you,  that  yf  ye  brynge  me  my  fader  agayn, 
I  shall  neuer  haue  so  grete  a  lordsip  /  but   that  ye 
shalle  haue  part  of  thesame  /  and  ye  shaH  be  preferred 
In  alle  maneres  /  20 

^  H[o]w  visus  and  eryalus  entred  in  y®  te;?tes 
of  turnus  oost,  &  made  grete  slawgliter  & 
destruecion  /  ^  Capitiilura.     xliiij 

*"■"■    ^Han    vysus,  and    eryalus    his    felawe,   were  24 
armed  &  arayed,  they  yssued  oute  of  the 
gates  moche  richely  appareylled,  and  weH 
mounted  vpon  two  goode  horses,  stronge  &  able  and 
weH  rennynge  /  And  thus  they  entred  in -to  the  lodges  28 
of  theyr  enmyes,  whom  they  fonde  a  slepe  /  Thenne 
spake  Vysus  to  Eryalus, and  sayd,  "felaw  myn,this  thyng 
somoneth  vs  for  to  prouc  oure  hardynes.    !N^ow  holde  the 
behyndo,  &  kepe  that  none  escape,  and  I  shaHe  goo  32 
forthe,  and  shaHe  make  large  the  waye  "  /  And  whan  he 
hadde  that  sayd,  he  loked  wythin  a  tente  /  and  sawc  a 
kynge  lyenge,  that  was  grete  frende  with  kyng  Turnus  / 


w 


en.  XLV.]       XISUS    AND    EURTALUS    SLAY    MANY   ITALIANS.  135 

For  he  entermytted  hyraselfe  for  to  telle  that  that  was       cap.  xlv. 
to  coine,  &  of  many  other  thyn^es  /  Tlic  same,  dyde  a  teiriWe 

'  •'  J     a        I  >      J  slang]  iter  made 

vysus  smyte  his  hede  of  /  and  thenne  they  made  occy-  ^y  Nisusand 

4  sion  soo  that  no  bodye  durste  moeue  ;  for  they  sawe 
thoym  armed  /  and  theyr  swerdes  aH  blody  /  Thus 
lasted  this  eiiyli  aduenture  almoste  to  the  daye  /  thenne 
came  they  to  Mesapus  tente,  &  sawe  fyre  lighte  ;  thenne 

5  sayd  vysus,"  good  felawe,  late  vs  take  on  our  waye,  for 
it  is  almost  daye.  we  haue  hurte  our  enmyes  ful  sore ; 

and  also  we  be  wery  "  /  thenne  went  they  awaye,  &  left   As  day  .ap- 

liroaches  they 

there  moche  rychesse  t/iat  they  myghte  haue  taken  yf  set  out  for 
12  they  had  wolde  ;  but  they  wente  oute  of  the  tentes,  &  abandoning  all 

J  >  J  '  plunder. 

walked  streighte  y^  waye  towarde  palence,  for  to  goo  to 
eneas  their  lorde,  that  was  departed  thens  alredy,  wyth 
palas,  the  valyaunte  and  noble  knyghte  : 


16  If  How  the  t,\vo  felawes  loste  eche  other  in 
the  forest  /  wh.a?i  the  knyghtes  of  laurence 
chased  theym.  %  Capitulu?w  xlv. 


A" 


Nd  whilis  that  they  wente  faste  awaye  from  the 

20     /^        tentes,  Foure  hondred  knyghtes  were  yssued 

oute  of    lawrence,  aH    armed  /   &  wente  to 

turnus,  for  to  here  tidynges  from  the  kynge  Latyne  / 

And  whan  they  werre  *comen  nyghe  the  tente.s,  they        [*ieafi8] 

24  sawe  oner  atte  the  other  syde,  the  two  felawes  that 

went  the  waye  to  Palence  /  Also  they  perceyued  thevm   nisus  and 

•'  '  J    c  J  J         Euryalus  are 

by  theire  helmes  that  they  hadde  on  theyre  hedes,  that  p'h-'^ii'jJ  ijy  a 
resplendyshed  ayenst  the  mone  /  Bolcus  thenne  went  j,'^;'^^"  ""'"'as 

28  ayenst  theym,  and  caHed,  "  Abyde  ye  ;  And  teHe  me   Laurentum. 
what  ye  ])e,  and  from  whens  ye  comme"  /  They  auswerde 
not,  but  withdrewe  theymself  toward  the  forest.     And 
than  bolcus  ^  and    his  men   spored   there  horses,  and 

32  chassed  theym  /   but  -  they   were    alredy  withyn  the 

1  orig.  botcus  ^  orig.  bul 


136         EDRYALUS  IS  TAKEN,  &  NISUS  ATTEMPTS  HIS  RESCUE,       [CH.  XLV. 


[1  orig.  thilklic] 

Kisus  and 
Euryalus  lose 
one  anotlicr  iu 
the  forest. 


Euryalus  is 
taken  prisoner. 


Nisus  returns, 
and  endeavours 
til  rescue  him, 
slaying  several 
of  the  Latins. 


[*  leaf  I  8,  back 


forest,  where  as  tliey  lost  eclie  other  ryghte  soone  /  For 
vysus  dyde  putte  hym  self  in-tyl  a  path,  and  was  soone 
goon  ferre  from  hys  enmyes.    And  Eryalus  entred  in  to 
a  thikke  ^  busshe,  where  he  founde  nothre  pathe  nor  4 
noo  waye  atte  aHe ;  and  so  he  coude  not  flee  ferre  from 
hys  enmyes  that  chassed  hym  /  Vysus,  that  alredy  was 
escaped  sauf,   loked  behynde  hym,  and  sawe  not  his 
felawe  nor  Erialus  were,   wherof   he  was    ryght   sore  8 
angri ;  And  sore  sighynge,  he  began  to  saye,  "  0  swete 
felawe,  where  haue  I  lost  the?    where  myglit  I  seke 
the  1 "    And  whan  he  hade  said  this,  be  retourned  ayen 
bak  that  waye  that  he  came.    And  he  had  not  gon  longe,  12 
that  he  herde  the  noyse  of  the  horses  about  erialus,  that 
his  enmyes  had  taken  alredy ;  and  aslong  as  he  myght, 
he  had  deffended  him  self ;  but  aHe  that  he  coude  doo, 
auayHed  him  not  /  visus  went  so  longe  rennynge,  tyl  16 
that  he  sawe  his  enmyes  about  his  felawes  whiche  they 
helde  /  Thenne  he  wist  not  what  to  doo,  nor  how  he 
myght  delyuere  hym  from  theyr  handes.     And  whan 
he  had  aduysed  hym  ynoughe,  he  loked  vpon  a  dart  20 
that  he  helde  in  his  hande,  and  threwe  it  with  aHe  his 
strengthe,  and  smolte  a  knyght  betwene  two  sholdres 
therwith-aHe,  so  that  the  yron  went  thrughe  the  body 
of  hym,  whiche  feUe  doune  ded  to  the  grou?2nde  frome  24 
]  hys  horse  /  Hys  felawes  that  sawe  thys,  loked  *  alle 
aboute  theym  /  and   had  grete  mcrueylle  /  and  wyste 
not  fro  whens   that  myghte   come  /  And  whiles  that 
they  merueylled  theym  selfe  of  suche  a  fortune  that  28 
was  come  thus  sodaynly  to  theym,  Vysus  casted  ayen 
a  nother  darte,  and   smote  a  nother  of  theym  in  the 
breste,  and  soo  slewe  hym,  and  feH  doun  ded  afore  his 
felawes,  that  were  therof  sore  abasshed.  32 

^  How  Bolcus  slewe  eryalus,  &  how  Vysus 
his  felawe  slewe  Bolcus  /  Of  the  deth  of 
the  sayd  Vysus  /  &  how  y"  hedes  of  the 


en.  XLVI.]  DEATH    OF    XISUS    AND    EURTALUS.  137 

sayd  two  felawes,  eiyalus  &  vysus,  were     cap.  xlvi. 
brought  vpon  two  speres  afore  the  fortres 
of  Eneas.  Cap.  xlvj 

4  f  I  iHenne  beganne  bolcus,  the  conestable,  to  be  alle   Voiocens 

'    I    '       J.  1         iT  i  o  ■,  P  ,  (Bulcus)  slays 

■        lorcened  wytn  grate  rage,  for  to  knowe  fro  whom   his  prisoner 

I  ■,  I    o     •  Emyaliis,  wliile 

-■-      these  strokes  cam  /  &  m  a  grete  anger  savd  to   Nisus  oiteis  to 

take  his  jilacc. 

eryalus,  "  who  euer  hath  doon  y"  same,  y'^  peynes  therof 
8  shaH  abyde  vpo??  y*  /  &  with  y"  swerde  aH  naked  in 
liis  fust,  cam  nygli  hym  /  &  wold  sk-e  hjnn.  &  whan 
vysus  sawe  this,  he  coude  no  lenger  sufi're  it,  by  cause 
that  he  wolde  not  see  hys  felawe  to  be  slayn  /  but  he 

12  began  to  crye,  "late  hym  be  in  peas  /  &  take  mo,  & 
putte  me  to  dethe  !  For  he  hatfi  forfayte  nothyng." 
While  that  vysus  spake  thise  wordes  /  bolcus  smote 
eryalus  wyth  his  swerde  thorugh  the  body  of  hym,  & 

16  wythoute  moo  wordes  kylled  hym.     And  whan  vysus 

sawe   the   same,   he   ranne   ayenste   theym   alle,    and  Nisussiays 
adressed  hym  towarde  bolcus  wyth  his  swerde  in  his     °°'^^"'' 
fuste ;  and  so  nyghe  he  approched  hym  /  that  whan  he 

20  dytl  ascrye  vpon  his  men  that  they  sholde  take  hym  / 
vysus  smote  hym  wyth  his  goode  swerde  thrugh  the 
uiouthe,  that  he  made  hit  to  come  oute  at  the  necke  of 
hym  /  soo  that  he  slewe  hym,  and  fylle  doun  ded  afore 

24  hym   &  aH  his  folke  /     His  knyghtes  that  sawe  hym 
thus  slayne,  ranne  alle  vpon  vysus  oute  of  alle  sides  / 
soo  that  they  gaaffe  to  hym  his  deth*wounde  /  and       ^g,-      gj. 
neuertheles  he  defended  hym  selfevygoryously  as  longe 

28  that  he  myghte  stande.  But  his  enmyes  charged  hym 
soo  often  wyth  grete  strokes  of  their  swerdes  wel  sharpe 
cuttynge  /  that   he  spred  hym  selfe  vpon  his  felawe   j^„^|  ^^  ^^  ^„^^ 

•     Eryalus  /  and   soo  fynysshed  there  his  lylT  /  Thenne   '^'''"  ^'"""^"■• 

32  toke  the  ytalyens  their  armures,  and  that  they  l)are  /   tiic  itiiiianstake 
and  the  body   of  theyr  lorde   Bolcus  /  and  ^   departe   Tum'us's  camp. 
wyth  grete  heuynesse,  and  wente  to  the  lodges  of  Turnus 

^  orifj.  amd 


138 


THE    SIEGE    OF    THE    TROJAN    CAMP    IS    RENEWED.         [cH.  XLVII. 


CAP.  XLVII. 

Great  lamentn- 
tioii  for  those 
slain  by  Nisus 
and  Euryalus. 


The  heads  of 
N  sus  and 
Euryalus  cut  off 
and  set  on  spears 
before  the 
Trojan  camp. 


The  siege  is 
renewed  furious- 
ly, and  the 
Trojans  defend 
themselves  with 
vigour. 


[*sign.  Kj,  back] 

Fire  and  scaling- 
ladders  are 
brought  by  the 
besiegers. 


ooste :   And  whan  they  cam  /  they  sawe  there  theym 
that  made  grete  sorowe  &  grete  cryes  for  theym  that 
were  slayn  wythin  the  tentes  /  Whan  thenne  the  daye 
was  come  /  Turn  us  commaunded  that  aHe  the  ooste  sholde  4 
be  armed  /  And  that  euery  prynce  sholde  ordeyne  his 
folks  for  to  assaylle  the  casteH  /  And  they  dyd  ,soo  by 
grete  wrathe  /  And  thenne  turnus  made  the  hedes  of 
eryalus  and  Yysus  to  be  smytten  of  from  theyr  bodyes  /  8 
and  sette  vpon  two  speres,  and  broughte  theym  afore 
the  castell  wyth  a  grete  noyse  &  grete  caHynge  /  for 
to  fere   and  abasshe   the  troians  therwyth,  that   were 
wythin  wyth  Ascanyus,  the  sone  of  eneas.    Whan  they  12 
of  the  casteH  sawe  theym,  they  were  fuii  sory  &  sore 
tiyste  /  and  anone  they  ordeyned  theyr  folke,  &  putte 
theym  in  araye  for  to  defends  the  place.     And  thenne 
they  of  the  ooste  blew  vp  their  trompettes  for  to  gyue  16 
a  sharpe  sawte  /  And  taried  not,  but  dyde  his  theim 
for  to  fylle  the  dyches  /  and  for  to  dresse  vp  the  laddres 
ayenste  the  walles  /  And  they  that  were  there  vpon  the 
walles,  brake  theyr  sheldes  and  theyr  pauesses  /  And  20 
the  hardy  knyghtes  troians  that  had  lemed  for  to  de- 
fende  /  casted  vpon  theym  grete   logges,  wyth  sharpe 
yron  atts  the  ende,  and  gret  stones.     They  that  cam 
firste  to  assawte  the  place,  myght  not  suffre  no  lenger  24 
the  strengths  of  the  troians,  that  were  vpo?i  the  walles 
of  theyr  fortresse.     For  they  brake  theyr  sheldys  & 
*  helmes  and  theire  liwimes  &  aH-to  burst  theyre  bodyes  / 
wlian  Mesancus  sawe  this,  he  made  fyre  to  bs  cast  to  28 
theym  /  and  Mesapus  made  the  diches  to  be  fiHed  vp, 
&  the  ladders  to  be  sette  vpwarde  ayenst  the  waHes  / 

%  How  the  assawte  was  grete  atte  the  gate 
of  the  castel  /  %  Capitulum  xlvij      32 

BEfore  the  gate  of  the  casteH  was  a  grets  toure, 
and  knyghtes  were  within,  that  deffended  it : 
they  that  were  without,  assailled  strongly,  &  by 


CII.  XLVIII.]  AENEAS    ARRIVES    WITH    A    LARGE    FORCE.  139 

grete  rudesse  /  and  aH  they  that  were  Avithin,  deffended     cap.  xlviii. 
theymself  ryght  weH  &  vigorousli  /  but  they  of  y*"  oost  The Kntctowcr 

of  tllO  CHIIll) 

made  so  greete  force  ayen?t  them,  that  they  dyde  sette  is  bmued  down. 

4  the  toure  on  a  fire  /  and  wlian  they  of  witliin  sawe  the 
toure,  that  brenned  alle  in  a  fiame,  they  Avere  aferde  to 
be  brente  there-ynne,  so  that  they  most  nedes  haban- 
dou«ne  it.     And  thc?me  they  wolde  haue  yssued  out 

8  aienst  them  of  the  oost,  but  the  toure  fille  soone  doun  / 
And  thus  alle  they  that  were  Avithin,  were  ded,  sauf^   The  garrison  are 
two  of  hem,  Elenor  and  Elecor  /  And  A\'han  elenor  saAve   Eiecor,  who 

■  ,.  ,  .  ,  .,  .,,      flics  towards  the 

hymself  amonge  his  enmyes,  he  ranne  vpon  theym  with  cami). 
12  his  SAverde  in  his  hande,  as  he  thai  wolde  not  escape, 
nor  saue  his  lyffe  /  But  elecoi-,  that  Avas  ryght  SAA'yfte 
&  lyght,  fled  toAvard  the  castel  for  his  Avarau?<t. 

^  How  Eneas  came  ayen  from  palence  with 

16      moclie  folke  for  to  socoure  liis  sone  &  his 

folke  ayenst  turnus  /    *\  Capitulum  xlviij 


M 


Any  Avere  there  slayne,  of  one  part,  of  the  other  /   The  assault 
but  the  assaAvte  was  lefte,  for  the  nyght  that 

20  ^tJ_     came  thenne  vpon,  toke  aAvaye  fro  theym  the 

light  of  the  daye.    The  troyens  kept  well  theire  walles  /    The  Trojans  still 
For  they  kneAve  avcH  that  on  the  moroAve  they  sholde 
be  assayHed  agayn.     Eneas  ^  thenne,  that  Avas  goon  for 

24  to  seke  helpe  and  socours,  and  had  with  hym  aHe  the 

barons,  and  namely  the  kynge  Carton  /  *  abode  not  [*s:gn.  Kij] 
longe  after  this  /  But  that  he  came  Avyth  .xxx.  shyppes  Aeneas  comes 
AveH  laden  Avith  men  of  amies,  Avhiche  approched  soo   and  lands'his 

28  moche  that  they  came  to  tlie  socours  of  theym  /  that 
aAvayted  sore  after  theym,  And  that  hadde  grete 
nede  of  helpe  /  Whan  Turnus  ^  vnderstode  thyse 
tidyuges,  he  Avente  agaynste  theym  Avythoute  taryenge. 

32  Alle  the  sayd  shippes  entred  Avythin  the  hauen,  excepte   siiTifaiono"is  left 
the  shippe  of  kynge  Carton,  that  Avas  to  grete.    Turnus   harbour.  '*^ 

'  ori'j.  fauf  ■•'  orig.  Eeasu  ^  oriij.  Turnus 


140  A    FIERCE    BATTLE.       DEATH    OF    PALLAS.  [cH.  XLIX. 

CAP.  XLIX.       poyncd  hymselfe  fuH  sore,  and  liis  knyghtes  also,  for 
Aeneas  lands  his   to  Ictte  tlieym  of  theyr  landyng  /  But  Eueas,  that  wj'tli 

men  despite  llie      .  .     ,  .... 

opposition  of        his  Darons  that  were  m  his  slini  wyth  hym,  was  landed 

Tumus.  -^       -^  -^      ' 

first   of   alle  /  And   defended    the    porte   ayenst   the  4 
ytalyens,  tyH  that  ali  the  folke  were  come  alande  / 
Thenne  beganne  the  bussynes  and  the  trompettes  for 
to  blowe,  of  the  one  parte  /  And  of  the  other,  Eneas, 

A  fierce  battle,      atte  his  comynge  vpoii,  he  ouerthrewe  &  slewe  Sythera,  8 
that  was  moche  rychely  armed,  and  of  noble  and  ryche 

Aeneas  slays         avmes  /  And  after,  Latara,  &  also  the  geau??te  /  that 

many  Italians.  iii/i  iiiii  ^         t       ■,    ry 

bare  a  clubbe  /  wherwyth  he  hadde  take  the  lyn  awaye 
of  many  troians.  there  sholde  haue  eneas  ado??zmaged  12 
turnus  ryght  sore,  yf  it  hadde  not  be  a  heny  adiienture 
Tumus  slays        that  happed ;  For  Turnus  slewe  there  Palas,  the  sone 

Pallas  and  takes 

his  ring.  ot  kyng  euander  /  &  whan  he  was  ded,  he  toke  awaye 

from  hym  a  riche  rynge  of  golde  /  "VYhan  Palas  was  16 
sJayne,  there  was  made  grete  soroAve  for  hym,  of  Eneas  / 
and  of  his  felawes  /  But  therfore  ceassed  not  the 
bataylle.  his  men  bare  hym  oute  of  the  bataylle  / 
And  made  for  hym  grete  sorowe  Whan  Eneas  knewe  20 
it,  he  came  ali  wrothe  and  sore  an-angred  vpon  his 
enmyes,  whiche  he  hewed  and  slewe  wyth  his  swerde, 
as  preu  and  hardy  that  he  was.    Thenne  yssued  oute  of 

Ascanius  and       the  casteH,  Ascanyus  his  sone  /  and  the  goode  knj'ghtes  24 
troians  that  were  enclosed   therin  / 
suffred  grete  assawtes  the  daye  afore. 


out  of  the  camp,   troians  that  were  enclosed   therin  /  and    that  hadde 


rieafKij.back]  ^  *  How  Eiieas  sought  Turnus  alle  a-boute 

In  the  bataile,  for  to  slee  hym  for  the  28 
dethe  of  Palas.  %  Cap?  xlix 

Aeneas  seeks  1   11  Xeas  was  thrughe  the    bataiHe,  sekynge  a-bout 

Turnus  in  the  H  J  '  rn 

battle.  wA        after  Turnus,  that  was  ryght  valj^aunt  /  preu, 

■   ^     and  hardy  In  bataylle  /  The  fende,  that  sawe  32 
that  Eneas  sought  Turnus  for  to  slee  hym  /  that  wolde 
not  that  he  sholde  be  ded  so  soone,  to  thende  that  he 


CH.  XLIX.]       TURXUS    DECEIVED    BY    AN    APPARITIOX    OF    AENEAS.         1-41 

sholde  doo  yet  moclie  harrae,  and  euylles  more  than      cap.  xlix. 

he  hadde  doon  aH-redy,  dyde  trausforme  hym  self  In  a  sjiectrai  like- 
ness of  Aeneas, 
to   the   fygure   of  eneas,  &  came  a-fore  turnus,   that 

4  forced  hym  self  for  to  make  grete  occision  of  the  folke 

of  Eneas  /  whan  Turnus  apperceyued  hym,  he  wende 

verily  that  it  hadde  be   Eneas  hym   self,  and  ranne 

vpon  hym  with  alle  his  niyght ;    and   whan  he  was 

8  approched  nyglie  hym,  he  launched  a  darte  atte  hym. 

and  the  deuyH  tourned  to  fiym  his  back,  &  beganne 

for  to  flee  awaie  thrughe  y*^  multitude  of  the  people  by  night, 

that  faught.  whan  Turnus  sawe  that,  wenyng  to  hym 

12  that  it  had  be  Eneas  that  durst  not  abyde  hym,  he 
began  to  enchaunte  hym  sore  with  wordes  /  but  he  that 
fled,  sette  nought  by  hys  enchauntementes,  &  fledd 
so  longe  afore  turnus,  that  alwayes  folowed  him,  that  leads  Tumus  on 

IG  he  lept  in-to  one  of  the  shippes  of  Eneas  that  was 
nyghe  by  the  shores,  lyke  as  it  had  be  for  grete  feer 
of  his  lyffe.  Turnus,  that  helde  his  swerde  in  his 
ryght  hand,  and  his  shelde  fast  afore  his  brest,  and 

20  that  had  grete  loye  in  hym  self  /  For  he  wende  that 
Eneas  had  fled  for  fere  of  hym,  and  that  he  durste 
not  abyde  hym  /  went  and  entred  after  the  deueH 
that  was  in  liknes  of  eneas,  Avithin  the  shippe  fuH 

24  vigorously,  for  to    haue    killed   hym  /  but  whan   he 

was    come  within,  he   fou?ide    there    noo    body  with  where  he  finds 
whome  he  myght  fight ;  And  sought  aHe  about,  bothe     "  """'  **" 
behinde  &  before,  within  y^  shippe  /  but  he  fon?ide 

28  no  thinge  /  so  was  he  thenne  sore  abashed,  &  wolde 

haue  co?mne  out  *ayen  for  to  retourne  to  the  bataylle  /      [*sign.  k  iiji 
but  the  yssue  was  to  hym  fuH  euyH  redy  /  For  the  dctaineii  <m 
cables  of  the  shyppe  that  heckle  hit,  were  broken  and   cable  breaking;. 

32  fallen  vnder  the  water. 


142       PROWESS    OF    AENEAS,  MEZENTIUS,  LAUSUS,  &    MESSAPUS.      [CH.  L. 

CAP.  L.       %  How  Eneas  smote  Merencyus  wyth  his 
spere  in  his  thye  a  grete  stroke : 

Capitulum.  L. 

Tumus'iifthl"^     ~|^^"iT"ge  this  while  that  Turnus  wende  to  Saue  4 
many  Italians.        I    I     chassetl  Eiieas  /  was  eneas  ill  the  thyckest  presse 
-M-/      of  the  bataylle,  caHynge  after  Turnus  wyth  a 
hyghe  voys  /  and  broughte  many  ytalyens  to  their  deth 
wyth  his  swerde.    Turnus,  that  sawe  hym  selfe  brought  8 

Turnus,  to  his 

hoiTor,  is  carried   ferre  from  the   shores  /  knewe   well  thenne  that  he 

away  by  the 

current  to  was  decevued,  and  wyste  not  what  lie  myghte  doo,  nor 

Ardea,  his  father  J  f  J  J  o  > 

Daunus's  city.      where  he  sholde  become  /  soo  sore  an-angred  he  was  / 

whan  he  founde  hym  selfe  in  that  plyght.     Thenne  12 
be  heued  vp   his  handes  toAvarde  heuen  swetly,  and 
began  to  calle  vpon  lupyter  /  why  he  hadde  broughte 
hym  to  this  grete  sorowe  /  that    he  sawe    his  folke 
that  were  kylled  &  slayne  afore  his  eyen  /  And  that  16 
he  myghte  in  no  wyse  socoure  theym  /  one  tynie  he 
thought  for  to  slee  hym  selfe  /  another  tyme  he  wolde 
haue  drowned  hym  selfe  /  And  while  that  he  was  thus 
in  this  thought  for  to  doo  the  one  or  thother,  y*  shiji^e  20 
Avent  douj^e  the  ryuer  of  toiiyre,  wyth  the  streme  t/iat 
was  so  bigge,  tyil  that  it  cam  in-to  the  hauen  of  the 
cyte  of  darda,  w^iere  as  kyng  daryus,  the  fader  of  turnus, 
Mezentius,  his      was.  Mere?icius  was  yet  in  the  batayil,  &  forced  hyiuselfe  24 
Messajms  slay       to  dystroye  &  sle  eneas  folke  /  &  wyth  hym  was  his 

many  Trojans.  .     ,        .       ;   .  i  • 

sone  Lansus,  that  was  preu  &  hardy  /  this  mere?icyus 
ranne  vpon  the  troians  with  grete  force,  his  swerde  in 
his  hande,  &  made  grete  fayttes  of  armes  /  he  slew  28 
acren,  &  Mere»de,  &  many  other  /  mesapus  made  also 
grete  slaughter  of  the  troians  /  for  he  slewe  Lamon  & 
lycormon,  cycartem,  &  many  other  wortlii  folke.  thus 
w^ere  mcdled  y^  bataylles.  merencyus  confou??ded  &  32 
[*sign.  Kiij,  distroycd  wyth  *his  swerde  aHe  that  he  fonde  afore 
hym  /  And  whan  Eneas   sawe   hym,   he   beganne  to 


en.   LI.]  DEATH    OF    LAUSUS.       SLAIN    BY    AENEAS.  143 

come   towarde    liym.    and    Mere?icyus    byheldc    liym        cap.  ll 

comyuge  /  whom  he  doubted  not  /  And  eueas  auaunced 

liymselfe    soone    /   and   launched    at    hym    his    ^rrete    Aeneas  wounds 

4  espyotte  or  spere  /  and  smote  hym  thorughe  the  thye  / 
Avhan  Merencyus  sawe  the  hloode  come  oute,  he  was 
therof  sore  an-angred  /  And  anone  ranne  vpon  Eneas  / 
sayenge  that  he  sholde  auenge  it  vi^on  hym  /  But  his 

8  knyghtes  toke  hym,  and  Jladde  hym  awaye  fro  the   Mezcntiiis  is 

removed  by  his 

bataylle  /  for  his  wounde  bled  aHe  to  sore  /  and  yet   knights. 
was  a  parte  of  the  spere  wythin  /  that  greued  hym 
ryght  sore : 

12  ^   How    Merencyus   made    grete   sorowe  / 
whan  he  sawe  his  sone  clede 

Capitulum  Lj 

WHan  Lansus  sawe  his  fader  merencyus  thus  sore 
hurte,  he  wexed  therof  aH  fuH  of  "wrathe  / 
And  assembled  ayen  aHe  the  bataylles  togyder  /  and 
ranne  vpon  Eneas,     There  "was  slayne  many  knyghtes   a  great 

slaughter. 

of  the  one  parte  /  and  of  the  other,  eneas  smote  Lansus 
20  wyth  his  swerde  vpon  his  helme,  and  cloue  hym  vnto   Aeneas  slays 

Lausus. 

the  teeth,  there  was  grete  sorowe  made  whan  Lansus 
was  ded  /  Durynge  the  Avhile  that  this  happed, 
Merencyus,    wytli    a    grete    flote    of    knyghtes,    was 

24  descended  vpon  the  ryuage  of  the  Tonyre,  and  made 
his  wounde  to  be  shwed  vppe,  that  was  yet  fuH  sore  / 
Thenne  asked  he  after  his  sone  Lansus,  and  com- 
maunded  that  he  sholde  be  broughte  from  the  ooste ; 

28  And  that  he  wolde  wyte  how  he  hadde  mayntened  hym 
selfe  in^  the  batayHe,  For  he  wolde  here  and  knowe 
of  his  proesse  /  And  as  he  spake  thyse  wordes  / 
They  came  wyth  the  corpus  /  makj'ng  gret  mone,  & 

32  cryeng  fuH  heuely.  mere?icyus  knewe  soone  thai  it  was 

his  sone  /  for  his  herte  was  heuy  &  fuH  of  tristesse  /  Grief  of 
who  the^me  had  seen  hym  complayne  &  sighe,  wolde  his  son. 
^  orig.  im 


U4 


DEATH    OF    MEZENTIUS.       SLAIN    BY    AENEAS. 


[CH.   LI. 


CAP.  LI. 
[*sign.  K  iiij] 


Mezentiiis  has 
liis  wiiund  bound 
wp,  and  goes  to 
take  vengeance 
on  Aeneas. 


He  calls  Aeneas. 


Terrible  fight 
between  Aeneas 
and  Mezentius. 


Mezentius  is 
slain. 


Night  separates 
tlie  conibatani-s. 


*liaue  hadde  grete  merueyHe  /  He  rented  his  clothes, 
and  tare  hys  herys  from  his  owne  hede,  and  was  an- 
angerd  and   wrothe  without  niesure  /  And  whan  he 
hadde  sorowed  longe  ynoughe,  he  made  hys  thye  to  be  4 
dressed  and  bounden  vp  /  And  commaunded  that  hys 
hors  sholde   be    brought   to    hym,  for  to  goo  to    the 
batayH,  to  auenge  y*  dethe  of  his  sone  vpon  Eneas  / 
And  whan  he  was  sette  ahorsbacke,  he  toke  a  darte  for  8 
to  launche  or  cast  /  and  thenne  he  went  streyghte  to 
the  batayiie  /  And,  as  a  worthy  knyghte,  smote  amonge 
hys  enmyes.     And  anone  he  dyde  caii  Eneas  with  a 
hyghe  voyce  /  Eneas   herde  hym,  and  came  towarde  12 
hym  /  and   whan   he  sawe  hym,  he  sayde  to  hym  / 
"JS'owe,  Eneas,  that  hast  slayne  my  sone,  I  am  here 
present,  and  wote  not  whether  I  shaii  here  deye  /  but 
or  that  I  deye,  I  shalie  gyue  the  suche  strokes  that  shalbe  1 6 
to  thy  grete  grief  /  "  And  thenne  he  launched  to  hym 
a  darte  sore  harde,  And  syn  another ;   and  after,  the 
thirde.    Eneas  ranne  about,  that  durst  not  abyde  hym  / 
And  after  tliis,  Eneas  myght  suffer  hym  noo  lenger,  but  20 
went  vpon  hym  with  a  spere,  and  wende  to  haue  stryke 
hym  with  it  /  But  he  myssed  of  hym,  &  smote  his  hors 
so  that  he  fell,  and  Merencyus  vnder  hym  /  Thenne 
rose  there  a  grete  noyse  and  a  grete  crye  of  Merencyus  24 
folke,  that  came  there  aHe  to  gyder  with  theyre  svverdes 
naked  :    But  Eneas,  that  sawe  Merencynus  agrounde, 
came  towarde  hym  or  euer  he  coude  be  vpon  hys  fete, 
and  gaffe  hym  suche  a  stroke  with  his  swerde,  that  he  28 
slewe  hym.     Thenne  were  they  of  the  oost  aR  dyscom- 
fyted.     And  more  dommage  they  sholde  haue  hadde, 
yf  the  nyghte  hadde  not   departed  theym  one   from 
another.  32 


T 


en.  LII.]  A    TRUCE    TO    BURY    THE    DEAD.  145 

CAP.  LII. 

%  How  Eneas  sent  the  body  of  Palas  In  to 

the  shyppe,  &  sente  It  to  his  fader  / 

%  Capitukim  :   .lij. 

Hennc  went  they  of  the  ooste  towarde  Liurcuco,    ['sign,  k  iHj,     . 
■'  back]  * 

and    Enea.s  toward    his   fortresse  /  but  tliey 

coude  not  entre  aile  wythyune,  But  lodged 

theymself  without  vpon  the  ryuere.     And   whan   the  The  body  of 

8  mornynge  came,  Eneas   made   to  take   the  corpus    of  iiom.-  to 

•11     1  Evander. 

palas,  and  made  it  to  be  moche  rychely  appareined,  as 
to  a  sone  of  a  kj'uge  ajiparteynetli,  &  putte  it  in  to  a 
shippe  /  and  sent  him  aj^en  to  his  fader,  with  the  gayne 

12  of  the  knyghtes,  &  wyth  tlie  proye  that  they  had  gotea 
afore  that  lie  deyed  /  The  messagers  tliat  bare  hym, 
recounted  weH  his  grete  proesse,  and  retourued  ayen 
assoone  as  they  myght  coinme  /  Ouer  longe  a  thynge 

16  it    were,  for    to    reherce   the  sorowe   that     his    fader   Evander 

...  1-11  p,_  sorrows. 

Euander   made,  &    his  moder  in   lykewyse,   lor   nys 
dethe  /  And  in  this  maner  while,  came  messagers  out 
of    Laurence,  with  bran/;ches  of    olyue  tree,  &  asked 
20  tryewes  of  eneas,  for  to  take  vp  tlio  dedc  bodies,  &  gyne   a  imee  to  bury 

1     •  ^'"^  (lead. 

theym  sepultures  /  eneas  grau?ited  theym  theire  request 
gladly  for  /  xii  dayes.  And  whan  this  triews  Mere 
grau^ted,  eneas  saide  to  the  messagers  /  "  ha,  a,  lordes 

24  latyne,  what  aduenture  is  it  that  maketh  you  to  f}ght 
ayenst  me  that  wolde  be  your  f reude  1  Ye  requyre  me 
of  peas  &  tryewes  for  theym  that  ben  deed  /  but  yc 
shaH:  vnderstajide,  that  more  gladli  I  Avolde  gyue  them 

28  to  theym  that  lyue.     For  I   trowed  not   for  to  liaue 

fought  here  /  nor  I  come  not  hitlier  for  to  fight,  yf  yo   Aeneas  rcmon- 
wolde  leue  me  in  peas  /  but  I  come  here  by  the  co»;-   j.eui.ie  of 

Laurentum  for 

mai)?ideme/^t  of  the  goddcs,  for  to   haue  a  dwenyngo   liKbtiny  against 

hiia. 

32  place.  Nor  I  light  not  with  tliem  of  laurence  ;  but  1 
make  were  aienst  turnus,  that  wold  haue  laiiyne,  tlie 
doughter  of  kynge   lAty  nus,  ayenst   the  wiHe  of  the 

ENEYDOS.  L 


Hi} 


AENEAS  REMONSTRATES    WITH    THE    LATINS.     [cH.   LIII. 


CAP.  LIII. 

Aeneas  proposes 
single  cunibat 
with  Tunuis,  to 
settle  their 
differences. 

[*leaf  K5] 


The  Latin 
messengers 
report  Aeneas's 
speech  to 
Latinus. 


goddes.      And    yf    turniis   wyl   liaue   vs    out   of  this 
royalme,  nie  seiuetli    that   it  were    fuHe  couenable   a 
thynge,  that  he  &  I  sholde  fight  togyder,  body  ayenst 
body  /  &  that  lie  that  sholde  haue  the  victorye  oner  4 
the  other  /  he  sholde  haue  the  puceHe  lawy*ne,  &  her 
faders  good  wyHe  with-aHe  /  and  the  other  that  were 
ouercome,  sholde  lese  his  lyfFe.     And  thus,  they  that 
be  not  gylty,   sholde    not  deye,  nor  y^  londe  not  be  8 
dystroyed  /  Nowe  goo  youre  waye,  &  reporte  to  the 
kynge  that  that  I  haue  .saide,  &  that  I  wyH  abyde  by. 
And   that  he  doo  me  to   knowe  yf   Turnus  wiH  be 
agreable    to  the  same "  /  The   messagers  were  moche  1 2 
merueyHed  of  hys  fydelyte,  &  of  that  that   he  had 
sayde ;  and  they  toke  theire  leue,  and  retorned  ayen 
toward  the  kynge  /  to  whome  they  declared  aH  alonge, 
aHe  that   eneas    hadde  sayde   vnto    theym,  and    that  16 
the  triews  were  gyuen.     And    incontyent  they  made 
theym  redy  for  to  brenne  the  bodyes  ded ;  and  lyke 
wise  dyde  eneas,  of  the  other  syde  ;   &  ye  ought  to 
knowe,  that  grete  sorowe  was  there  made  by  thoym  20 
that  hadde  lost  theire  frendes  in  the  bataylle.     The 
ladyes    of   the   cyte    cursed    turnus,  &    the   owre   in 
whiche  he  bigan   first  the  bataylle,  for  to  haue  the 
doughter  of  kynge  latyn  /  Thus  lasted  the  sorowe  thre  24 
dayes  and  thre  nyghtes,  that  they  neuer  dyde  ceasse  / 

^[  Of  the  messagers  that  Turnus  hackle  sent 
to  dyomedes.  Capitulum.  Liij 

THenne     assembled    agayne    kynge    Latynus    his  28 
barons,  for  to  haue  cou«ceylle  what  he  myghte 
doo  agaynst  Eneas,  that  wolde  not  but  peas  and  Con- 
corde /  And  while  that    they  were  comynge  to  this 
counseyHe,  tlie  messagers    that    turnus    had  sente    to  32 
Veniiins  returns   Dyomedes  /  wliaii  he  soughte  his  ayde  for  to  fighte 

to  Latinns,  from  /  i       i  i  -r 

his  emhassy  to      aveuste   Eucas  /  and    that    bare    to    Dvomcdos  ryche 

Dioinedes  at  "^  .  '  ... 

Argyrippa,  preseiitcs  iii-to  the  cyte  of  Agryppa,  whiche  is  in  one 


The  bodies  are 
burnt. 


The  ladies  of 
Laurentmn 
curse  Turnus 
for  beginning 
the  war. 


CH.  LIII.]     DIOMEDe's    message    to    KlXr,    LATINUS.  147 

of   the  partyes  of   PuyHe  /  wheie   Dyomedes  haJde       cap.  liii. 
dwelled   euer  syth   the   tyme   that   he  was  departed 
frome  byforc  the  cyte  of  /  Troye,  And  helde  there  the 
4  cyte  and  the  lordeshyppes,  After  that  he  came  agayne 
*from    puyHe  :    The    kynge   commaunded    that    they   ["  leaf  K  5,  back] 
sliolde  comnie  afore  hym,  for  to  teHe  what  they  liadde 
founde  /  vernylus  began  to  speke  ahyghe,  and  sayde  / 
8  "  Barons  and  lordes,  we  dyde  see  Dyomedes,  and  a  grete   with  Diomcdes's 
parte  of  theym  that  were  with  hym  afore  Troye  /  we 
made  to  hym  due  reuerence,  and  tolde  hym  what  we 
were,  and  who  hadde  sende  vs  /  And  also  tolde  hym 

12  ayenst  whome  we  wolde  make  werre,  And  dyde 
presente  vnto  hym  the  yeftes  that  we  bare  vnto  hym 
from  the  kyng  Latyne  /  &  whan  kynge  dyomedes 
hadde  herde  vs  /  he  dyde  answere  to  vs  peasybly,  and 

1 6  sayde  /  "  Ha  a  !  folke  of  ytalye,  what  aduenture  commeth 

nowe  to  you  t  I  lette  you  wite  for  certayne,  that  we  that   Diomedes  win 

not  figlit  against 

dyde  fyghte  ayenst  the  Troyens,  and  that  theyre  londes  the  Trojans, 

and  advises 

we  dyde  dystroye,  Gatte  nor  wanne  therby  nothynge  /  Latinus  to  make 
20  For  howe  be  it  that  Pryamus  the  kynge  was  dyscom-  -Aeneas, 
fyted,  and  his  knyghtes  distroyed,  Eight  soo  was 
Agamenon  loste  and  slayne,  that  cheffe  gouernoure  was 
a  boue  vs  aHe,  by  the  meanes  of  his  wyf  that  loued 
24  more  another  than  she  dyde  hym,  Avhiche  holdeth  nowe 
tlie  londe.  what  sliaHe  I  teHe  you  of  the  vnhappy 
Pvrrus,  nor  of  the  other  grekes,  nor  of  my  self  /  wvte  Misfortunes 

"^  '  o  >  J  I       J         befeU  all  the 

weH  that  I  shaH  neuer  fyght  ayenst  the  Troyens,  yf  I  Greeks  that 

JO  -J  J         )  J  hc-Ii)ed  m  the 

28  may.     For  more  wors  it  is  to  vs  happed  in  dyuerse  ^•^struction  of 
maner,  of  tliat  we  dyde  fyght  ayenst  theym,  than  it  is 
te  theym  for  to  haue  be  dyscomfyted  by  vs.     But  goo 
youre  waye  ageyne,  and  here  thees  gyftes  vnto  eneas,  & 

32  ye  shaH;  doo  wysely  /  &  I  lete  you  wite,  that  wyth  hym 
I  haue  foughte,  body  ayenste  body  /  and  by  cause  thai, 
I  haue  fouHde  hym  of  so  grete  strengtlie  and  proesse, 
I  saye  yet  that,  yf  he  had  nowe  with  him  two  hou«derd 

30  knightes  suche  as  he  is,  &  in  theyre  co»«panye,  hector  & 

L  2 


148 


CAP.  LIV 


[*  loaf  K  6] 


Diomede 
lecouiits  the 
heroism  of 
Aeneas. 


Latiniis  pro- 
jiosos  to  give  the 
Tnijaiis  a  tract 
of  liiiui  next 
Sicily. 


If  they  like  to 
stay,  let  them 
build  there,  if 
not  he  will 
cx)iedite  their 
dex'arture. 


KING    LATINUS    WISHES    FOR    PEACE    WITH    AENEAS.      [CH.  LIV. 

troylus  /  aHe  grece  myght  be  soone  bi  theym  aHe 
■wasted  &  distroied  ;  and  weH  ye  ougbte  this  to  beleue 
of  me,  for  I  haue  assayed  hym  /  And  ^Also  ye  miiste 
vndcrstande  for  veraye  certeyne,  that  aH  the  recystence  4 
tliat  was  made  ayenst  vs  grekes  afore  Troye,  it  was 
made  by  the  strengthe  of  Eneas,  of  Ector,  and  of 
Troylus  /  that  socoured  and  reioysed  the  other.  And 
•were  alnioste  equalle.  Hector,  Eneas  &  Troylus ;  But  8 
eneas  was  of  more  symple  corage :  Eetourne  agayn 
towarde  eneas,  and  make  peas  wyth  hym,  yf  ye  be  sage." 

%  How   kynge    Latyne  couwseylled   for   to 
make  peas  wyth  Eneas.  12 

Capitulum  Liiij? 

WHan  the  messagers  hadde  thus  reported  their 
wordes  /  grete  spekynge  arose  thrughe  aH 
the  halle  /  And  "whan  it  was  ceassed,  the  16 
kyng  spake  and  sayd  /  "  Lordes,  I  wolde  we  hadde  goode 
counseyH  afore  that  more  do??2mage  sholde  come  to  vs  / 
We  be  not  wyse  for  to  fyghte  agaynste  eneas,  as  longe 
as  that  the  goddes  wyH  be  on  his  side ;  ISTor  ayenste  20 
his  folke  that  neuer  were  wery  for  no  batayiie  that 
tliey  hadde.     Now  truste  nomore  vpon  Dyomedes  ;  lete 
vs  thynke  and  see  how  we  shaH  mowe  eschewe  this 
pareyH  /  For  vpon  vs  falleth  the  werke  /  and  I  maye  24 
nomore  helpe  my  selfe.  wherfore  I  haue  bethoughte  me 
of  one  thinge  /  that  is  to  saye,  a  pece  of  londe  that 
marchcth  towarde  cecylle  :  Lete  vs  gyue  that  grounde 
to  the  Troians  /  and  accorde  vs  to  theym.    And  yf  they  28 
loue  the  countrey,  lete  vs  suffre^  theym  for  to  buylde 
there  townes,  cytees  and  castelles  :  And  yf  they  wyH 
not  doo  soo,but  wyll  go  in  some  other  countrey,  I  shaH 
doo  make  for  tlioym  ryclic  shippes^  and  goode  /  And  32 
shaH   doo   delyuere   vnto    theym    aH   that   they  shaH 
nede  /  And   I   shaHe  nowe  sende   vnto  Eneas  ryche 
•  orig.  snlTre  ^  oriy.  sliipres 


CH.  LIV.]    VIOLENT    ALTERCATION    BETWEEN    DRANCES    AND    TURNUS.    149 

presentes,  for  to    knowe  his  wylle  in    tliis  byhalue."       cap.  liv. 
Tlieiine  rose  vjjpe  an  hondred  knyj^lites,  iliai  sayd  tliey   100  kni-iits  offer 

to  po  to  Afiieas 

shold  goo  to  eneas  ;  &  also  drastes,  tliai  loucd  not  turnus,   with  the 

inoposal. 

4  sayd  in  this  wyse  to  f  kyng  /  "  haa,  goode  *  kynge  !  aHe  ^,  j^^f  ^  y_  ^^^^^ 
they  that  ben  here,  knowe  weH  wheronto  the  thynge  is 
come,  but  none  dare  speke  liyt  /  Alle  we  oughte  to   Dmncesadvisrs* 

tlie  Kiiig  to  give. 

putte  ourselfe  in  peyne  for  to  haue  peas  /  For  many  a  his  rtau^hter  iu 
8  man  is   aH-redy  ded  /  wherby  Eneas  is  "wexed   more   Aeneas,  and 

•^  '  Turniis  to  en^aKe 

stronge  /  Gramite  vnto  hym  your  dou"hter  /  for  she   Aeneas  in  single 

^     I  J        J  01  combat. 

shaH  be  weH  employed  wyth  this  two  yeftes  that  ye 
doo  promytte  to  hym  :  And  thus  shaH  we  haue  peas  / 

12  And  yf  ye  dare  not  doo  it  for  Turnus  /  I  shaH  mow 
praye  hym  fj'^rste,  that  lie  haue  mercy  of  me  and  of 
other  /  And  that  he  take  the  hardy ncs  vpon  hym  for 
to  fyghtc  hym  selfe  alone  /  For  folke  ynoughe  are  aH: 

IG  redy  slayne  /  wherby  the  lande  is  dystroyed  /  And  yf 
he  feleth  in  hym  selfe  ^  y^  vertue  &  strengthe  for  to 
liaue  your  doughter  and  the  royame  by  force  /  Lete 
hym   fyghte,  body  ayeust   body,  to   his    enmye    that 

20  calleth  hym  therto  /  and  that  he  wyH  not  see  that  the 

poure  people  be  dystroyed  /  and  that  he  haue  in-to  his   in  save  the  lives 
remembrauuce  the  proesse  of  his  fader,  and  that  he  goo   pcoiiie. 
ayeuste  Eneas,  for   to    fyghte   wyth  hym,  haude   for 

24hande"  /  And  whan  turnus,  that  was  come  ayen  to 
Lawrence,  herde  the  eiie  Drastes  speke  soo,  he  toke 
it  in  a  grete  anger ;  For  he  knewe  weH  that  he  loued  ^ 
hym  not  /  and  thenne  he  spake  by  grete  anger,  and 

28  sayd  :  "  Thou  haste  grete  habondaunce  of  wordcs  wyth 

y^  whosomeuer  fyghte,  thou  Avylte  not  come  nyghe  yf  Tumns  replies 
thou  mayste  kepe  the  a  side  /  But  in  the  plees  amonge   Frances,  but 
the  senatours,  thou  wylte  be  the  firste  that  shaH  speke  /   lo  ligiit  Aeneas. 

32  and  therof  we  haue  not  to  doo  no  we"  /  And  yet  sayd 

Turnus  to  Drastes,  afore  kynge  Latyims,  that  he  neuer 

sawe  dyoracdes  fyghte  wyth  eneas  /  but  and  yf  Eneas 

came  ayenst  hym  /  he  slinlde  not  refuse  hym,  nor  flee 

1  oriy.  fulfu  •  oriy.  loiied 


150 


ADVANCE  OF  AENEAS  UPON  LAURENTUM. 


[CH.  LV. 


CAP.  LV. 


[•leaf  K  7] 


Report  that 
Aeneas  and  the 
Tuscans  march 
on  Laurentum. 


Uproar  in  the 
city. 


Tiimus  arrays 
his  men. 


Tlie  ladies  curse 
Aeneas  now. 


Queen  Canulla 
(Camilla)  begs  of 
Turnus  the  first 
combat  with 
Aeneas. 


forre  from  liym  /  Cut  sliolde  gladly  fyglite  wyth  hym, 
tlioughe  lie  were  as  stronge  as  the  deuyH  : 

IT  *  how  eneas  came  afore  the  cyte  of  laurence. 

Cap?  Iv      4 

DYryng  that  tliise  wordes  were,  the  sayd  Eneas  had 
ordeyned  his  folke  for  to  come  afore  the  cyte 
of  laurence  /  thenne  came  a  messager,  cryinge  to 
the  kynge   &   to   the   barons,  that   the    troiens    were  8 
departed  from  theh'e  tentes  for  to  comme  and  take  the 
cyte  by  force  /  IF  Thenne  was  the  cyte  aH:e  in  a  rore 
and  sore  moeued ;  the  cytezeyns  ranne   to  fette  their 
barneys,  and  made  stones  to  be  borne  vpon  the  waHes  12 
for  to  deffende  theym  /  If  Turnus   went  and  armed 
hymself,  and  commaunded  to  his  folke  that  they  sholde 
be  redy  right  soone  for  to  yssue  out  with  hym  /  Turnus 
dydeputte  his  folke  in  araye,  &  made  his  bussynes  and  16 
trompettes  to  be  blowen,  and  yssued  out  to  the  bataille. 
If  The  queene  Amatha,  &  lauyne  her  doughter,  bicause 
of  this  euyH:  aduenture  that  was  moeued,  and  the  other 
ladyes,  went  vp  in-to  the  temple  of  Mynerue,  for  to  see  20 
the  assembles,  &  who  sholde  flee,  &  who  sholde  abyde, 
and  who  sholde  doo  moost  of  armes  /  And  sore  they 
cursed  Eneas  and  aHe  his  felyship.     IT  Whan  Turnus 
Avas  yssued  out  of  the  toure  aHe  armed  /  The  quene  24 
Canulla,  Avith  aHe  companye  of  knyghtes,  and  of  may- 
dens  aHo  armed,  came  toward  hym.  And  demaunded 
the  fyrst  batayile  ayenst   Eneas  and  hys  knytes  and 
that  Turnus  sholde  abyde  wythin  for  to  kepe  the  waHes  28 
of  the  cyte  /  And  she  sayde,  "  syre,  lete  me  doo  with  the 
batayile  "  /  Turnus  behelde  her  thenne,  and  sayde,  "  Ha 
a  Lady,  that  are  aHe  the  proesse  of  Ytalye,  who  shalle 
mowe  Eewarde  you  the  meryte  of  the  goodewylle  that  32 
ye  shewe  nowe  vnto  me  /  I  lete  you  wyte,  that  to  me 
are  come  messagers,  whiche  doo  teHe  me  that  Eneas 
sendeth  here  afore,  one  part  of  bys  folke  and  of  hys 


CH.  LV.]  TURNUS'S  PLAN  OP  DEFKXCE.   THE  TUOJANS  ATTACK.    151 

knygRtes ;  And  that  the  other  coinineu  aHe  awaye  by        caf.  i.v. 
the  *mountayiie,  ami  wylle  assaylle  the  towne  atte  the   [* leaf  K  7,  buck] 
other  side.     And  I  shaH  telle  you  what  I  haiio  thought 
4  for  to  doo  /  I  shaHe  putte  my  selfe  wytli  my  folke  vp- 
on  the  mou?<tayne,  emonge  the  busshes  that  euuyronne   Tumns  ngrecs  to 

occu]iv  the 

the  grounde,  there  wyth  mani  archers,  and  my  crosbowes   momitain  i)asses 

and  leave 

and  my  knightes.     And    whan  our  enmyes  shaH  be   Camilla  the 
8  come  in  to  /  the  narow  waye  /  we  shaHe  thenne  setts 
vpon  theym  /  and  shaH  here  to  theym  gret  domage. 
and  ye,  lady,  Avyth  your  folke,  ye  shaH  abyde  atte  this 
side,  for  to  goo  vpon  the  troians  whan  they  shall  come  /  " 

12  And  thenne  came  there  Mesapus  wyth  a  goode  baude 
of  folke,  whiche  Turnus  exhorted  for  to  doo  well  /  and 
that  he  sholde  fyghte  that  daye  vnder  the  banner  of 
tlie  noble  &  preu  lady  CanuHa  /  And  after  that  he 

1 6  hadde   sette   aH:    his   knyghtes    in    goode   ariaye,  he   The  forces  are 

disposed. 

departed  wyth  his  felawshippe  for  to  go  wayte  after 

Eneas,  atte   the   descendynge  of  the  hille  /  And  the 

quene  CanuH^x,  and   Mesapus,  &  conroe,  &  his  broder 

20  caules,  rode  aH  armed  in   fayre  ordoiiaunce  vnto   the 

bai  ryers :    Thenne  the  troians  hasted  themselfe  for  to    The  Tmjans 

advance  on 

come  afore  the  towne  /  But  assone  that  they  myghte    Laurentum. 
espye  eche  other,  they  approched  for  to  fyght  togyder. 

2-1  they  thenne  lets  renne  theiyr  horses  /  And  gaaff  grete   A  bloody  battle, 
strokes,  the  one  to  the  other,  Avyth  their  speres.     And 
atte  their  comynge  hande  to  hande  togyder,  there  was 
grete    noyse    of   horses   and    of   barneys  /  And    they 

28  launched  and  shotte  soo  thycke  and  soo  faste,  the  one 
partye  ayenste  the  other,  that  all  the  ayer  was  troubled  / 
The  Latynes  hadde  the  wors  atte  the  firste  comynge   tiu;  Latins  are 
togyder  /  For  the  troians  rebuked  theym  /  and  caste   '''i'"''^'^^ 

32  theym  abacke  vnto  the  gates  of  the  towne  ^  Thenne 
retourned  agayue  the  chyelF  capytaynes  of  the  Latynes, 
wyth  theyr  coinpanye  weH   horsed,  vpon  the  troians.    They  renew  the 
and  beganne  the  medle  and  the  crye  of  ncAve  /  And  the 

36  Latynes  bare  theym  selfe  fuH  weH  a  *  while,  that  by       [MeafKS] 


T 


152  PROM^ESS    OF    CAMILLA    AGAINST    THE    TROJANS.       [OH.  LVI. 

CAP.  LVI.  force  of  amies  they  made  the  troyens  to  retourne  bale  / 
Eut  atte  the  last,  the  troyens  that  were  neuer  wery  of 
bataylles  /  made  there  merueyHes  of  amies,  so  that  the 
latynes  myght  susteyiienoolenger  the  weydit  of  theyre  4 

The  Latins  nre 

repulsed  ayai II.     swerdcs  /  but  Were  ageyiic  putte  abak  / 

II  How  the  qiieene  Canula  was   slayne   In 
bataylle.  l^  Capitulum  /  Ivj 

IHus  It  happed  that  tynie,  that  tlie  Latynes  were  8 
putte  twyes  abacke  by  force  of  grete  fayttes  of 
amies  /  And  whan  came  to  the  threde  tyme 
that  the  batayHes  were  aH  ordeyned,  the?2ne  was  tlier 
grete  destruction  and  grete  slawghter  made,  bothe  of  12 
men  and  of  horses,  byfore  the  barres  of  the  towne, 
where  the  valyaunt  knyghtes  made  merueylles,  of  the 
one  part  and  of  the  other  /  but  aboue  alle  other  that 
Prowess  of  Were  tlier,  the  queeiie  Caunle  dyde  best  In  armes,  and  16 

Ciuiiillii,  wlio 

siiiystiie  Trojans  kylled  and  slewe  the  troyens  on  eyther  syde  of  her. 

in  every  -i  d  d 

direction,  Yov  with  the  swei'de  she  had  a  bowe,  and  a  sheeffe  of 

arowes  liangynge  by  her  syde ;  One  tyme  she  shotte  / 
Another  tyme  she  sniotte  grete  strokes  with  her  swerde,  20 
and  hewe,  cleued,  and  cutted  of  hedes  and  armes  clene 
from  tlie  bodyes  / 

H  In  the  batayHes  of   the  troyens  was  a  ryche  man 

She  pursues         that  was  Called  Cleonis,  that  afore  hadde  be  a  bvshop  24 

Cleonis  for  the  •'         ^ 

sake  of  his  rich     In  troye,  of  the  temple  of  one  of  thevre  goddesses  /  He 

armour.  ''  '■  jo  i 

hadde  lefte  his  offyce,  and  hadde  taken  Bym  self  to  the 
fayttes  of  knygthed.  This  man  hadde  moche  Ryche 
armes,  alle  couered  Avitli  fyn  golde,  and  of  precyous  28 
stones  /  IF  And  whan  the  queene  CanuHa  sawe  hym,  she 
dyde  coueyte  sore  nioche  his  armures,  and  made  her 
self  redy  i'or  to  slee  Cleonyus  /  U  A  Troyen  that  was 

Aruns  perceives    named  Auyus  apperceyued  thesame  /  And  with  this,  he  32 
was  also  wrothe  for  the  grete  ocysyon  that  this  queene 

L*  leaf  K  8,  back]    Caiiulla  luuldc  made  of  the  nohle  *  troians  ;  this  man 
began  for  to  praye  Iu])yti.'r,  that  he  wolde  gyue  hym 


en.  LVII.]  DEATH    OF    CAMILLA.       SLAIN    BY    ARUNS.  153 

streiigthe,  poure  and  hardynes,  for  to  aueiige  bis  wratlie  /      cap.  lvii. 
and    liis   frendes    that    CanuHa   hadde   slayne:     And 
"whan  he  had  thus  finysshed  his  oroysen,  he  lete  go  his 
4  horse  towarde  the  quene  /  wliiche  uas   not  aware  of  Amns  attacks 

1  1  11CT11  11-      '"^''  unawares, 

hym  :  he  smote  her  vpon  the  leite  sholder  wyth   his  ^ 

swerde  a  vengahic  stroke  /  soo  that  he  dyde  cutte  the 
harneys  /  and  made  liis  swerde  to  entre  in  to  her  white 
8  flesshe  ferre  wythin  the  body  of  her  /  soo  that  anone  and  slays  her, 
after,  slie  felle  ded  to  the  grony^le  :  And  after,  as  lightly 
as  he  myghte,  he  departed  awaye ;  For  he  doubted  sore 
the  queue  /  But  nought  auaylled  hym  his  fleynge,  for  a 
1 2  mayde    slewe   hym,  in   vengeau«ce   of   her   lady    the   imt  is  soon 

after  slain 

quene :  himself. 

%  How  Turnus  cam  to   the   feekle,  &  his 
folke  wyth  hym  %  Capitulum  Ivij. 

IG  "XT!" Han  CanuHa  was  fallen   doun  from  her  horse, 
thenne  was  there  gret  sorow  made ;   and  the 


w 


bataylles  of  Latynus  began  aH  for  to  tremble   Tiie  Latins 

,      ,     ,        .        p  ,  , ,  retire  witliin  the 

and  shake  tor  lerc ;    and  noo  recoueraunce  was  there    barriers. 

2iJ  more  /  but  cam  agayn  wythin  the  barreers  /  and  many 
of  theym  were  thenne  ouer  throwen  and  cast  doun  in-to 
the  dyches.     And  the  ladyes  of  the  cyte  mou/^ted  vpon   tiic  women 
the  walles  for  to  defende  the  towne.     And  wlian  they    to  defemUhe 

24  sawe  bryng  the  body  of  CanuHa,  the  worthy  queue, 
they  sette  nomore  by  their  lyues,  but  gaaf  theym  selfe 
to  traueyli  for  to  defende,  sooner  than  dyd  the  men. 
thenne  was  sente  a  messager  towarde  turnus,  that  was   a  message  sent 

28  at  his  watche  wyth  his  chyualre  vpon  the  mou^tayne,  ' 

as  it  is  said  afore  /  Whiche  shewed  viito  hym  the  grete 
sorow  of  the  batayH,  and  how  CanuHa  was  ded.  turnus 
toke  soo  grete  a  sorow  therfor,  that  he  wyste  not  what 

32  to  doo  /  But  lefte  his  watchyng  after  Eneas  /  and  came   ^vho  quits  the 

'  ./     o  (  jiass  and  comes 

to  the  batayH  /  After  this,  taryed  not  long  that  Eneas  ^"  Laurentum. 

Aeneas  comes 

came  and  descended  from  *the  mou/^tayne  for  to  come       [♦sign.  Lj] 
afore  the  towne  for  to  conduytte  his  folkc  /  And  thus   tiirougii  the  pass. 


154  TURNUS    PROPOSES    SINGLE    COMBAT    WITH    AENEAS.    [CH.  LVII. 


CAP.  LVII. 

The  Latins  and 
Tunms's  men 
are  driven  into 
tlie  city. 


Tnrniis  offers  to 
Latinus  to 
tiglit  Aeneas  in 
single  combat, 
for  tlie  land  and 
Lavinia. 


Latinus  advises 
him  to  retire 
home. 


[*sign.  Lj.back] 


came  Eneas  and  Turnus  almoste  botlie  togyder  attones 
to  the  medlee  /  But  it  was  soo  nyghe  nyglite  whan 
that  they  came  there,  that  lityH  faytte  of  knighthode 
was  there  made  /  But  the  Turnyens  and  the  Latynes  4 
wythdrewe  theym  selfe  in-to  the  cyte  /  And  Eneas  and 
his  folke  dyde  lodge  hemselfe  withoute  the  walles  of 
the  towns   /  where   they  dyde   pyghte  theyr   tentes. 
And  whan  the  mornynge  was  come  /  Turnus,  that  was  8 
fuH  sory  and  wrothe  for  his  folke  that  he  sawe  dys- 
comfyte  and  slayne,  came  byfore  kynge  Latyne  in  a 
proude  man  ere  /  And  sayd  that  he  was  redy  for  to  doo 
the  bataylle,  body  ayenste  body,  ayenst  Eneas  /  "But  12 
sende  for  hym,syr," sayd  Turnus,  "and  take  his  othe,and 
doo  deuyse  the  couenaunte  /  And  yf  he  ouercome  me, 
lete  hym  haue  the  lande,  and  the  pucelle  lauyne  to  his 
Avyff  /  And  yf  I  maye  conquere  hym,  lete  hym  goo  his  16 
wayes,  and  leue  me  in  peas  wyth  Lauyne  your  doughter  / 
and  wyth    your  royalme "  /  The  kynge   thenne  sayd 
peassibly  to  turnus  :   ' '  Ha  ha,  valyaunte  bacheler,  I 
doubte  sore  the  aduentures  of  bataylle  /  and  yf  thou  20 
bethynkest  weH  thyselfe,  how  grete  a  londe  thou  shalt 
haue  in  thy  holde  after  thy  fader  is  deceassed,  and  also 
that  thou  haste  conquered  grounde  ynoughe  by  thyne 
owne  proesse.  And  how  many  ryche  maydens  ben  in  24 
ytalye,  of  noble  blode  /  and  of  highe  estate,  of  which  e 
tlioxx  myghtest  chose  one  to  be  thy  wyff  /  Syth  that  the 
goddes  wyl  not,  nor  grau??te  not,  that  I  gyue  my  doughter 
to  no  man  that  is  of  my  royame,  how  be  it  that,  for  the  28 
loue  that  I  haue  vnto  the,  I  had  graunted  her  to  the 
for  to  be  thy  wyf  /  and  namely  atte  the  request  of  my 
wyff  /  I  haue  taken  her  ayen  from  Eneas,  the  preu  & 
worthy  knyghte,  and  haue  suffered  the  for  to  vndertake  32 
the   crueH   batayHe  wherby  I  haue  loste  *myn   owne 
folke  /  and  thou  haste  hadde  grete  dommage  /  and  we  are 
atte  this  owre  in  soo  grete  peyne,  that  we  maye  nomore  / 
and  no   longer  we  may  not  weH  abyde  wythin    this  36 


f 


CU.   LVIII.]    LATIXUS    AND    AMATA    TUY    TO    DISSUADE    TURNUS.  155 

C3'te  /  Also  the  feldes  ben  aH  coucred  wytli  oiir  men  /     cap.  lviii. 
that  lye  ded  vpon  the  ertho.  wliat  sliaH  I  reherse  aH 
our  euyH  fortunes'?  Avere  it  not  thenne  better  for  the,  ' 

4  that  thou  were  wythin  thy  londe,  wliiles  that  thou  arte   Latinus  advises 

1        •  1     •  Tiinuis  to  avoid 

hole  cv  sounde,  ni  good  plyghte  and  loyousc  /  and  also   further  HgUting. 
afore  that  thou  had  lost  thy  lifF  /  Loke  &  beholde  tlie 
aduentures  of  the  bataylle,  how  they  ben  grete !  hauc 
8  mercy  on  thy  fader  /  whiche  is  in  grete  age  "  / 

%  How  the  couenaimte  of  the  bataylle  was 
made  bytwene  Eneas  &  Turnus. 

Capitulum  Iviij. 

12    f  f  J'Han  Turnus  herde  the  kynge  speke  thus  /  he 
taryed  tyH  that  he  had  finysshed  his  wordes  / 
and  sone  wha?i  he  myght  speke  /  he  sayd,  "  good 
kyng,  haue  no  drede  for  me,  nor  no  doubte  /  but  suffer 

16  that  my  honour  and  praysinge  be  encreassed  /  Am  I 
thenne  soo  feble?  and  doeth  my  swerde  cutte  soo 
lityH  /  that  I  dare  not  fyghte  wyth  Eneas  1  and  is  my 
flesshe  more  tendre,  &  the  bloode  of  my  body  more 

20  nyghe  goon  /  more  than  is  his  /  And  I  doo  hym  weH:  Tumns  deter- 
to  wytte,  that  yf  he  come  so  nyghe  me  that  he  be  Aeneas  desiiite 

,,  the  reiiion- 

wou?«ded  /  he  snal  be  ferre  hom  j^  goddesse,  his  moder  /  stram^es  of 

Latiims 

to  whom  he  trust  moche  yf  I  fyght  wyth  hym  : "  To 
24  thise  wordes  came  there  the  queue  Amatha,  that  was 
sore  troubled,  and  aH:  a-ferde  of  the  bataylle,  &  of  the 
siege  of  the  cyte.  And  Avhan  she  sawe  turnus,  that 
woldc  fyghte  wyth  eneas,  she  began ne  to  wepe  &  make 
28  grete  mone,  and  sayd  /  "  Turnus,  I  praye  the,  by  the  teeres  and  of  Queen 

J-  11      /•  111  Aiiiata,  wlio 

that  thou  sceste  falle  fro  myn  eyen  /  and  by  the  honour  tries  hard  to 

dissuade  liini. 

•  that  I  haue  alwayes  borne  and  doon  to  the,  that  thou 
fyghte  not  wyth  Eneas  /  For  yf  thou  deyed,  I  sholde 

32  neuer  lyue   after,  nyght  ne   daye.     For  that  owre  I 
wolde  neuer  see,  that  eneas  sholde  hauc  my  doughter 
*  to  hys  wyffe"  /  Whan  Lauyne  saAve  her  moder  wepe,       ['sign.  Lij] 
she  was  thereof  fuHe  sory  &  wrothe  ;  and  with  this  she 


156  THE    COVENANT    OF    SINGLE    COMBAT.         [cil.   LVIII. 

CAP.  Lvm.      l)e-came  rede  In  her  face  /  And  wlian  Turnus  sawe  her/ 

Ln\"nia  wm,  tiie   t'^ic  iiiore    that   he  dyde  beholde    lier  /  The  more  he 

*?Z";nl',eii«uo   was  taken  of  the  loue  of  the  puceHe,  And  more  wyH- 

flghting?  y"go  and  sore  chaffed  for  to  fyght  with  Eneas,  And  4 

sayde  to  the  queene  /  "  Madame,  wepe  not  for  me  /  Nor 

doubte  nol  of  no  thynge  /  For  it  is  better  that  we  two 

fyght  togyder  /  Than  that  oure  folke  sholde  slee  eche 

other."     "Whan  turnus  had  spoken  thus,  he  dyde  make  8 

his  hors  to  be  broughte  afore  hym,  and  his  barneys,  & 

armed  himself  moche  rychely,  as  of  custome  was,  after 

the  facyon  &  manere   of  the  londe  atte  that  tyme  / 

And  the  kynge  Latyne  had  sent  his  messagers  toward  12 

Eneas,  for  to  announce  vnto   hym  that  Turnus   was 

ahedy  appareylled  for  to  fyght,  body  to  body,  aienst 

Aoiieas  is  hym  /  Of  the  bataylle,  was  eneas  ryght  glad,  and  anone 

williiig. 

armed  him.     And  of  bothe   party es,  they   assembled  IG 
theym  aHe,  In  a  fayre  playne  afore  the  cyte,  for  to  see 
the  batayHes  of  this  two  barons,  Avhiche  sholde  haue 
be  merueyllouse.     And  the  ladyes  &  the  puceHes  w'ere 
The lariies  mount   mounted  viion    the    waHes,  &  the   quene   also.     The  20 

on  tht)  walls   to 

see  the  figiit,  and   kvn^e  latvne  was  yssued  out  of  the  cytee,  with  Turnus 

Latmus  and  the         J     o  j  j  j         ' 

outside^'°  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^y^  ^"^^^  /  ^^^  ^^  bothe  sydes  they  made 

sacrefyces  for  hym  with  whome  they  helde  /  And  the 
kynge  Latyne  and  the  other  barons  deuysed  the  couen-  24 

The  covcnniit  of  aunces  /  '  That  who  some  euer  were  vanquyshed.  Other 

single  battle  is 

made.  Turnus  or  Eneas  /  that  he  and  hys  boost  sholde  voyde 

outof  the  Londe, and  sholde  goo  In  to  another countreye.' 
H  Whyles  that  they  spake  thus,  and  that  the  conuen-  28 
auntes  were  deuysed  and  made,  and  that  rested  theyre 
nothynge  But  for  to  goo  bothe  togyder  /  An  auenture 
happed  there,  a  merueyllouse  thynge,  wdiiche  appiered 
to  all  theym  that  were  there  /  An  ogle  grete  and  ouer-  32 

[*sign.Lij,baciv]  growcu.  Came  *fleynge  hyghe  bytwene  the  cyte  and 
the  tentes ;  And  thenne  lighte  hym  selfe  doun  harde 

Tiie  mai-vci  of       among  a  grete  many  of  swa.»ncs  that  were  in  a  water 

the  eagle  and  the 

swaus.  nyghe  by  /  And  toke  one  of  theym  bytwyx  his  clawes,  36 


"W 


en.   LIX.]       REN'EWAL    OF    THE    FIGHT    BETWEEN'    THE    ARMIES.  l.^T 

Avhiche  were  grete  and  shavpe  /  and  bare  liyra  vpwarde  cap.  lix. 
by  grete  force.  And  anone  aH:  the  hcpe  of  theyin 
arose  /  For  tliey  were  aferde,  and  flouglie  aH  highe 
4  towarde  the  clowdes,  And  were  soo  many,  that  aH 
the  ayer  was  couered  wytli  thejMn.  And  soo  inoche 
they  dyde  enuyronne  aH  aboute  the  egle  /  that  she 
lete   faHe   the  swanne    oute  of  her   clawes  in-to    the   The  swan 

escapos  from  the 

8  water  /  And  the  egle  fledde,  and  heelde  on  his  waye :       '^'^ek. 

IIow    Tholomeus     made    the    bataylle    to 
begynne  ay  en,    grete   and   horryble. 

Capitulum  lix 

Han  the  Tumyens  and  the  Latynes  sawe  this   The  Latins  tiiink 

tliis  a  good 

thynge  /  they  hadde  therof  grete  loye  /  For   omen 
they  trowed   that  it  hadde  be  to  theym  a 
oode    bytokenynge :    And    therof   arose  thorughe  aH 
16  the  ooste  a  grete  murmure  &  a  grete  noyse,  and  houered  A  great 

nmriiiuring  in 

in  tlieym  selfe  soo  sore  /  that  for  a  lityH  /  they  wolde    tiieir  host. 

haue  ronne  vpon  the  troians  /  Thenne  spake  a  deuy- 

noure  that  was  caUed  Tholomeus  :  and  sayd  in  audy-   The  battle  is 

_  again  made 

20  ence  /  "  Lordes  turnyens,  this  was  that  I  desired  for  to  general  by 

Tolumnius  the 

see  some  tokens    from    the    goddes  /  That    ede   that  augur,  wiio  urge 

^  '  °  the  Latins  to 

lighted  amonge  the  hepe   of  swannes,  sj-gnyfieth  our  defend  Tumus, 
enmye  stranger,  that  is,  Eneas,  that  wasteth  and  dys- 

24  troyeth  our  londe  /  But  lete  vs  aduyse  also  that  we 
enuyronne  hym  rounde  aboute  wytli  goode  men  of 
armes,  as  the  swannes  dyde  the  egle  /  And  lete  vs 
deffende  Turnus  agaynste  hym  /  and  weH  I  wote  that 

28  he  shaH  flee  a  waye  oute  of  oure  countrey ;  And  thus 
shaH  we  be  delyuerde  of  hym."  And  thenne  Avhan  he 
hadde    thus  sayde,  He  shottc  an  arowe  towarde    the   ""'i  shnnts  a 

Trojan  with  an 

troians  /  and  smote  a  knyghte,  and  ouerthrewc  hym  to   ar'ow. 
32  the  *grourtde  bytwyx  the  other,  that  were  therof  aH      [*  sign,  l  ii.ij 
al)asshed. 


158 


PKOWESS    OF    TUENUa. 


[CH.  LX. 


CAP.  LX. 


The  battle  is 
renewed. 


Aencns  is 
wdiuiiled  and 
retires. 


Tumus  makes 
terri))le  havoc 
among  the 
Trojans. 


He  slaj's  many 
cliiefs. 


[*sign.  L  iij, 
back] 

Gives  Dolon's 
sun  Ills  till 


^  How    Turnus   dyde   grete   clommage    to 
Eneas  folke  :  Capitulum  Lx  ? 

T[H]Enne    beganne    agayne  the  batayHe   of   the 
one  parte  /  And  of  the  other,  Eneas  ascryed  to  4 
theym  and  sayd  :  "  Lordes,  why  doo  ye  fyghte  / 
Ye  knowe  weU  that  the  couuenaunte  ys  deuysed  and 
made  /  That  Turnus  and  I  shaH  fyghte  for  you  aHe  /  " 
Whyle  that  eneas  sayd  thyse  wordes,  and  cryed  vnto  8 
his  folke  that  they  sholde  not  fyghte  /  There  was  a 
quareyH  launched  in-to  his  hande  /  and  wyste  neuer 
who  shotte  hit.     Thenne  departed  Eneas  from  thens  / 
and  Turnus  and  his  folke  ranne  soone  to  fetche  theyr  12 
armures.     And  thenne  Turnus  smote  hym  selfe  in  to 
the  troians  /  Turnus,  atte  his  comynge  on,  dyde  grete 
dommage  to  the  troians,  For  he  was  a  ryghte  valyaunte 
knyghte   of    his   body.   And    desyred   moche   for  to  16 
dyscomfyte  theyra.     He  satte  vpon  a  charyette  wyth 
foure  whelcs,  and  foure  whyte  horses  dyde  lede  hym ; 
He  hadde  wyth  hym  the   dartes   for  to  launche  and 
caste  /  And   liys  other    armures  for  to    assaylle  and  20 
fyghte,  from  ferre  and  of  nyghe     U  Soone  after  that 
he  was   come  to  the  medlee,  he  slewe  Thelemon  and 
Thamytoun,  and  Potym  and  Glathome  /  and  Tasdome  / 
And  after  came  there  a  troien  towarde  hym  /  that  was  24 
sone  of  Ozon  of  troye  /  that  was  rj'-ghte  weH:  armed  of 
ryche  armures  /  And  to  the  same,  launched  ^  Turnus  a 
darte  /  and  ouerthrewe  hym,  fuH  sore  wounded.     And 
assone  as  he  sawe  hym  a  grounde  /  he  made  his  horse  28 
to  tarrye,  and  alyghted  doun  from  his  charyotte,  and 
sette  his  fote  vpon  his  necke,  and  shoued  his  swerde 
in-to  his  throtte  /  And  after,  he  sayd  to  hym  :  "  Troian, 
here  is  the  londe  that  thou  hastrequyred  for  *to  fyghte  32 
ayenst  me  /  whefore  I  shalle  gyue   to   the  thy  fylle 
^  orig.  lauclied 


CH.  LX.]  PROWESS    OF    AEXEAS.  159 

therof  "  /  and  with  tlie  same,  he  tokc  hys  hand  fulle  of  cap.  lx. 
erthe  fro  the  grounde,  and  fylled  hys  throte  therwitli- 
alle,  while  that  he  was  a  passynge  /  And  wite  for  veraye  of  Italian  soil. 
4  trouthe,  sayde  Turnus  to  hym,  that  "alle  thus  I  shali 
rewarde  theym  of  thy  nacyon  that  shaH  comme  ayenst 
me  In  bataylle."  Anoone  after  that  he  hadde  sayde  thyse 
Avordes  to  the  troyen  /  He  recountred  another,  that  was 
8  called  Habitein,  and  was  the  felawe  of  hym  to  whonie 
he  had  thus  spoken  /  And  slewe  hym  incontynent ;  and 
after  liym,  many  other  moo  /  And  while  that  Turnus 
went  thus  thrughe  tlie   bataylle,  alle  att  hys   wylle, 

12  sleynge     the    troy  ens,    Eneas     and     Menesteus    and   Aeneas  returns 
Achates  and  Ascanyus  came  to  the  medlee  /  for  Eneas   of  the  I'taiiajlsf 
hadde    be  a  longe    espace   therfro,  for   cause    of  the 
wounde  that  he  hadde  had  In  his  hande,  and  spored 

16  hys  horse  atte  that  syde  where  he  wist  that  turnus 
was.  And  he  had  hys  knyghtes  made  roome  afore 
theym,  and  slewe  doune  many  of  the  Latynes  and 
turnyens  att  euery  hande  of  hem,  and  soone  abashed 

20  the  Ytalyens,  so  that  they  trembled  for  feere.  Eneas 
slewe  Afram  and  Osanum,  Achetym  and  Pulerum,  and 
gyas,  and  also  Atherantum  /  And  tholoraus,  that  be- 
gun ne  the  medlee,  lost  there  hys  lyffe  /  for  ascanyus 

24  slewe  hym  atte  firste  stroke  that  he  smotte  hym  with   Toiumniusis 
the  glayue  /  Thenne  a-rose  the  noyse  and  the  crye  Ascanius. 
sore  grete  of  bothe  sydes  /  But  the  Latynes  myght  noo 
lenger  endure,  and   tourned  theyre   bakkes,  and  went   Tiic  Latins  ny. 

28  awaye  /  Eneas   that    chassed,  wolde  not   sloe   theym   Aeneas  seeivs 

'  Turnus  alone. 

nomore,  But  dyde  caHe  and  sought  after  Turnus  In 
the  grete  presse  /  And  with  noon  other  he  wolde  fyght. 
Turnus  tarycd  not  longe  In  one  place,  But  went  euer 

32  here   and    there  alonge    the  wynges  of  the  batayHes, 
•    wherby  he  dyde  grete  dommage  to  the  troyens  /  thenne 
*dyde  Eneas  assemble  alle  the  grete  bataylles  /  And     rsgn.  Liiij] 
aduysed  hym  selfe  /  that  he  sholde  drawe  towarde  the 

36  cyte,  that  was  ali  abasshed  /  Thenne  called  he  to  hym 


160 


DEFEAT    OF    THE    LATINS.       DEATH    OF    AMATA.     [ctl.   I.XI. 


CAP.  LXI. 

Aeneas  draws  his 
army  uniler  tliu 
walls  of 
Laurentum, 


and  cries  to 
Latinns  that  he 
keeps  not  his 
covenants. 


The  citizens  are 
divided  whether 
to  admit  him  or 
not. 


Amata  hangs 
herself. 


[*  sign.  L  iiij 
back] 


Grief  of  Latinus 
and  Laviuia. 


Menesteus  and  Sarestum,  that  were  connestables  of  his 
folko,  and  of  the  bataylles,  And'  sayd  to  theym  /  "  make 
oure  folke  to  withdrawe  theyiu  from  the  bataylle, 
And  brynge  theym  towarde  the  niouiitayne  nyghe  to  4 
the  cyte,  For  I  Avolde  take  hit  yf  I  maye  /  or  elles 
Turnus  shaH:  fyghte  wyth  me  "  /  And  they  dyde  soone 
as  Eneas  hadde  commaunded  theym ;  They  made 
tlieyr  folke  for  to  drawe  towarde  the  w'alles  of  the  8 
towiie  or  cyte  /  and  broughte  ladders  w^yth  theym  / 
Eneas  was  a- fore,  and  cryed  on  hyghe  to  kynge 
Latyne  /  that  fuH  yHe  he  kejijte  his  couuenanntes. 

H  Amonge  theym  wythiii  the  cyte,  moeued  thenne  a  12 
grete  dyscorde  and  varyaunce.     For  some  wolde  haue 
opened  the  gates  to  Eneas ;   But  theother  wolde  not 
soo  /  but  wolde  defende  the  londe  ayenste  hym  /  For 
they  heelde  theym  selfe  of  turnus  partye  :  1 G 

^  How  the  quene  Amatha  hanged  herselfe 
by  dyssperacyon  :  Capitulum  Ixj 

WHan  Amatha  sawe  the  thynge  goo  thus  /  and 
apperceyued  the  ladders  that  the  troians  dyde  20 
sette  vppe  to  the  walles  /  And  the  fyre  that 
they  casted  in-to  the  cyte,  and  sawe  not  Turnus  that 
sholde  defende  her  /  "Wherefor  she  wende  that  he  hadde 
be    slayne,    Thenne    hadde    she   her    thoughte    sore  24 
troubled  /   And   anone    she   wente    in-to    a    chambre 
Avythoute  companye  /  and  toke  the  lyffe  from  her,  and 
hanged  her  selfe.    And  whan  the  tydynges  therof  Avere 
knowen  in  the  towne,  they  w' ere  soo  affrayed,  that  lytyH  28 
deffence  was  made  there.      Who   thenne  hadde  seen 
Lauyne  puHyng  and  rentyng  her  yelowe  heeres,*  hadde 
hadde  of  her  grete  pyte  /  And  kynge  Latyne,  that  more 
aba?shed  was  than  Lauyne,  rented  his  roobes  /  And  32 
pulled   of   his   heeres.    And  blamed   hym  selfe  ryght 
sore    that    he    hadde    not    gyuen    his     doughter     to 
Eneas  /  Duryng   this,  Turnus  vnderstode    the    grete 


CU.  LXII.]  TURNUS    COMES    TO    FIGHT    AENEAS    SINGLY.  161 

sorov/e  that  was  made  wytliin  the  cyte,  by  a  kiiyghte       cap.  lxii. 
of  his  th;it  was  smyten  wyth  a  glayue  thoruglie  the 
thyhe,  and  came  ayeiiste  liyiu  as  faste  as  he  inyghte 

4  spore  and  -n-aloppe  his  horse  /  And  sayd  /  "  Turnus  ! 
haue  mercy  on  thy  men  /  For  in  the  is  oure  laste 
hope  /  Eneas  fyghteth  harde  ayenste  the  cyte,  And 
threteneth  aH  tlie  towres  to  be  broughte  doun  /  And    . 

8  wytte,  that  he  dooth  fyre  to  be  caste  in-to  the  towne  /   a  Knigut  tells 

Turnus,  wlio 

And  the  kynge  Latyne  blanieth  hyni  selfe  moche,  and   returns  to 

'  Lauruntuui. 

knoweth  not  what  he  shali  do  /  But  to  tourne  hym 
selfe  ayenste  tlie  wyth  Eneas,  and  gyue  hym  botlie  his 

12  doughter  and  his  royame.  And  that  more  is,  Amatlia 
the  queene,  that  loued  the  so  moche,  and  tliat  was  to 
the  so  good  a  frende,  hathe  kyHed  her  self,  her  owne 
hande,  wherof  tlie  towne  is  sore  moeued  /And  afore   Latimisre- 

16  the  gates  is  noon  of  thin  that  defendeth  aj'^enst  the 
troyens,  Sauff  Mesapus  and  AcyHas ;  they  withstande 
and  kepe  thentre  ayenst  the  batayHes  of  the  troyens  / 
And  thou  art  here,  gawrynge  about  nought."     Whan 

20  Tiu'nus  herde  the  8aine,  he  was  ashamed,  and  ryght  sore 
wrothe,  and  on-angerd  /  And  loked  toward  the  cytee, 
and  sawe  the  flame  of  the  fyre  within  the  towne.  whan 
he  saw  that,  he  lyghted  doune  from  his  charyot,  and    who  goes  to  tue 

city  gate  to  light 

24  went  toward  the  gate  where  were  the  grete  batayHes.    Aeneas  singly. 
Tlienne  beganne  he  to  make  a  signe  to  hys  men  that 
they  sholde  drawe  backe,  For  he  wolde  fight  for  ihejnn 
with   Eneas,   hande    to  liande    In    a  felde,  as   it  was 

28  deuysed  afore  / 

^  *How   Eneas   &   Turnns  faugbt,   body  to       [»ieafL5] 
body,  In  a  felde,   one  geynst  tbe  otber. 
M  (Japitulum     Lxij  : 

32     A    Noone  as    Eneas   herde    turnus  si)eke  /  he   made 

noo     taryingc    atte    alie,    but     went      assoone   Aeneas  and 
as   he  myglit  toward  the  felde  /  and  lefte  the     "'""^  '° ' ' 
sawtyng    of  the    waH(is  and    of   the  toures  that   they 


A 


ENEYUOS.  M 


162 


DEATH    OF    TURXUS.       AENEAS     WINS    LAVINIA.       [CH.   LXIII. 


Turnus  is  over- 
come anfl  cries 
for  mercy. 


CAP.  LXiii.      hadde  enuayshed.   Thenne  departed  from  the  assawte 
All  go  to  see  the   the  0116  partye  &   the   other,  for  to    see   the  batayHe 

tight  between 

Aeneas  and  of  the  two  barons.      Eneas   and    Turnus    were  bothe 

Turnus. 

In   the   felde    aH    alone,    weH    appareylled,  and    ap-  4 
xoched  eche  other  ryght   harde,  lyke  two  bnHes  /  and 
drewe  out  theyre  sharps  swerdes  /  Thenne  was  there 
noo  sparynge.     But  that  enerych  of  theim  smote  his 
enniye,  so  that  y^  sheldes  Avherwith-aH  they  couered  8 
theymselfe,  were  aHe  to-hewen  and  broken  alle  to  peces  / 
the  batayHe  was  fyerse  and  crnelle,  for  they  hated  eche 
other  ryght  sore  /  But  atte  the  laste,  turnus  was  ouer- 
comme  /  and  he  cryed  mercy  to  eneas,  that  he  sholde  12 
not  slee  hym.     And  wytte,  that  Eneas  sholde    haue 
pardoned  hym  that  thai  he  hadde  mysdoon  ayenst  hym, 
if  it  had  not  be  the  rynge  &  the  gyrdeil  of  palas,  that 
turnus  dyde  were  vpon  hym  ;  for  whan  eneas  dyd  see  16 
theym  /  the  sorowe  that  he  made  for  y^  dethe  of  Palas, 
that   turnus  had  slayne,  was  renewed   in   his  herte  / 
whiche  redoubled  thenne  hys  grete  WTathe  /  and  sayde 
to  turnus,  "  thou  shalt  abye  now^e  the  gladnes  that  thou  20 
had  of  the  dethe  of  Palas  /  For  thou  shalt  here  deye 
for   his  sake "  /  And    anoone  he  shoued   his  swerde 
thrughethe  body  of  hym,  wherout  hys  so wle  departed  / 
AH  thus  was  conquered  aHe  Lombardye,  and  the  puceHe  24 
Lauyne,  by  the  hande  of  eneas  / 


Aeneas  sees  the 
ring  and  girdle 
of  Pallas  on 
Turmis,  and 
slays  him, 


and  conquers 
Lombardy  and 
the  damsel 
Lavinia. 


Supplement  by    1[  How    eneas  wedded   Lauyne,  and  hadde 

the  writer. 

the  Royalme  of  Ytalye. 

IT  Capitulum  /      Lxiij      28 

I^oone  as  Turnus  was  slayne  /  his  frendes  de- 
parted ryght  sory  and  wrothe  /  And  many  other 
wyth  theym  /  that  loued  hym  for  his  proesse. 
H  The  kynge  Latyne,  that  was  ryght  sore  of  his  grete  32 
niyschaunce,  Came  to  Eneas  /  his  noble  men  wyth 
hym,  and  gaff  hym  his  doughter  /  and  aH  his  royame  / 
And  receyued  hym  wyth  grete  loye  /  and  thenne  was 


[»leaf  L  5,  back] 


Turniis's  friends 
depart  in  sorrow. 


Latinns  gives 
his  daughter  to 
Aeneas. 


I 


CH.  LXIV.]       AENEAS    WEDS    LAVINIA.       HIS    WARS    AND    DEATH.  1G3 

the  peas  made  towarde  tlieyra   that  hadde  be  agayiistc      cap.  lxiv. 
hym  /  Anone    the  troians  and    tlie   latynes   togyder   The  bodies  are 

burieil,  and 

wente  for  to  brenne  and  reduce  to  asshes,  bodyes  ded   Aeneas, 
4  tliat  were  yet  in  the    feeldes  /  And  whan  that  was 
doon  /  tlie   quene   Camula  was  sente  in-to  her  londe, 
and   tlie  quene  Amatha  was  rychely  broughte  to  her 
sepulture.    Thcnne  was  ceassed  aH  the  sorowe  thoroughe 
8  aH  the  royame  of  ytnlye.       Eneas,  that  had  hadde  many 
a  sore  peyne  by  the  space  of    seuen  yeres  syth  that  after  seven  yeare 
he  came  from   Troye,  toke  to   his   Avyff  Lauyne,  the  manies  Lavinia. 
doughter  of  kynge  Latyne,  that  heelde   laurence,  the 
12  maystresse   cyte   of   lombardye  atte  that  tyme  /  And 
moche  loye  was  there  made  atte  theyr  weddynge  / 

IF  How  kyog  Latyne  deceasscd  /  And  Eneas 

soone  after  hym  /  And  how  Ascanyus  was 

16      called  lulyus.  Capitulum  Ixiiij 

Fter  this,  abode  not  longe^  but  that  the  kynge 


Latynus  deyed  /  and  deceassed  oute  of  this  mor-  Latinus  dies. 


A' 
talle  worlde/Thenne  heelde  Eneas  aH  the  royame;  and  wais  witii' 
20  But  werres  ynoughe  he  hadde  there.    For  IMerencyus,   siciiy. 
that  heelde  Cecylle,  Averred  ayenste  hym  /  But  Eneas 
vaynquysshed  hym  not  /  By  cause  that  dethe  toke  hym   Aencas's  deatu. 
sooner  than  he  wende.     But  after  the  deth  of  Eneas, 
24  his  sone  Ascanyus  faughte  wyth  Merencyus,  body  *to       [*ieafL6] 
body,  &  slewe  hym  /and  the?mc  he  was  called  ascanyus 
iulyus,  by  cause  hys  fyrste  berde  was  but  yonge  whan   His  son 

,        ,  1111  Ascani us  Slavs 

he   slewe   Mezencyum  /  whan  eneas  had   brought  y''   Mezentius. 

28  lojide  in  peas,  &  had  delyuered  it  from  grete  myserye  / 
the  dethe  that  noo  body  spareth,  ranne  hym  vpon  In 
suche  a  manere  /  that   noo  body   coude   neuere  knowe    ModeofAeneas's 
how  he  lo.ste  his  lyifu  /  Some  sayon  that  he  was  slayne 

32  wyth  the  thondcr  boltc;  the  other  sayen  that  the  goddes 
hadde  rauyshed  hym  /  the  other  sayen  hys  body  was 
founde  wythin  a  ponde  or  a  water  that   is  nyghe  the 

^  ori<j.  louge 

M    2 


164 


ASCANIUS    AND    SYLVIUS    TOSTUMUS. 


[CH.   LXV. 


CAP.  LXV. 

Supplement. 


AscaniBs 
succeeds  his 
father. 


His  brother,  by 
Laviiiiii,  Sylvius 
Postuuius. 


[•leafLC,  back] 


Doubtful 
whether 
Ascaiiius  or 
Svlvius  fdundert 
Alba. 


From  AscaiiWis 
to  Romulus  all 
the  kings  are 
suniaiiied 
Sylvius, 


toiiyre,  whiche  is  called  Munycum  of  theym  of  the 
countreye  /  Eneas  lyued  but  thre  yere  after  that  he 
hadde  wedded  Lauyne,  the  doughter  of  kyngc  Latyne, 
thus  as  we  haue  saido.  4 

H  How  Ascanyus  lielde  the  royalme  of 
Ytalye  after  the  dethe  of  Eneas  hys 
fader.  H  Capitulum.     Lxv 

AFter  the  dethe  of  Eneas,  helde  the  royalme  Asca-  8 
nyus  hys  sone,  that  he  hadde  of  the  doughter  of 
the  kynge  Pryamus  of  Troye  /  And  Lauyne  abode 
grete  wyth  chylde  of  a  sonne ;    Wherfore  she  doubted 
sore  lest   that  Ascanyus  sholde   make  hym  deye,  In  12 
treyson,  for  to  holde  aHe  the  Eoyalme  /  Therfore  was 
she  ryght  sory  /  And  for  feere  that  she  hadde  of  it  / 
She  fledde  awaye  In-to  the  forest,  wythyn  the  lodges  of 
Errorus,  that  Avas  a  pastour ;  And  there  she  was,  tyHe  16 
that  she  was  delyuered  of  her  sone,  that  hadde  to  narce 
Syluyus  postumus  /  "Whan  Ascanyus  Aviste  Avhere  hys 
stepmoder  was  goon,  and  tliat  she  hadde  a  sone  whiche 
was  hys  brother  /  he  sent  her  Avorde  that  she  sholde  20 
comme  to  hym  wythout  eny  feere  /  She  rctourned,  & 
came  ayen  to  her  stepsone  ascani?/.-*,  berynge  her  son 
siluyus  betAvene  her  amies  :  ascanyus  gafie,  by  y  cou?i- 
seill   of    hys    *  barons  of    his   londe,  to   his   brother  24 
Sy]uyum,tlie  cyteof  LaAvrence  Avyth  the  appartenaunces. 
Ascanyus  buylded  firste  the  toAvne  or  cyte  of  Albe  in 
lombardye.     And   there  Avas  his  resortynge  /  by  the 
space  of  xxxviij.   yeres  that   he   heelde   hys   reygne,  28 
after  the  dethe  of  hys  fader  Eneas.     And  of  thys  cyte 
ben  many  in  doubte  Avho  buylde  it  vppe,  Ascanyus, 
or  elles  Syluyus  postunus  his  brother  /  By  cause  that 
aH  the  kynges  of  Lombardye  that  Avere  syth  Ascanyus,  32 
vnto   Eomulus   that  founded   Eome,  hadde   to   name 
Syluyus,  for  the  hyghnesse  of  hym  that  fyrste  heelde 
and  buylded  Albe.    This  Syluyus  Avas  ryght  valyaunte  / 


CH.    LXV.]  LIST    OF    ALBAN    KINGS.       SUrPLEMENT.  165 

and    niayntcnctl    ^ve^    the  royanio  /  And  therforc  aH       cap.  lxv. 
they  tliat  caine  after  liym  were  called  Syluyus  /  lyke  asaiitheemre- 

nirsaftcT  Aiifius- 

as  after  Cesar  Augustus  /  for  his  worth  vnesse,  aH:  the  tus  were  (:aUu<i 

°  '  ^  '  Augustus. 

4  emperours  of   rome  that  were  after  hym  are  named 
Augustus.      Ascanyus  hadde  a  sone   that   called  was  Ascanius  leaves 

a  son  Julius, 

lulyus  /  but  whan  Ascanyus  deyed,  lulyus  was  to  yong   I'ut  syivius 
for  to  rewle  the  royame  /  And  thcrfore  he  eaaff  hit  to   !;i''"uiit  of 

•^  '  °  Julius's  extreme 

8  Syluyus  postunus,  his  brother,  by  Eneas  his  fader,  >''>«'■'»• 
whicheho  loued  moche,and  taughtehym  weHand  chas- 
tysed  hyui  weH:  as  longe  as  he  was  a  lyue  /  H  And 
wytte,  that  after  that  he  was  ded  /  the  queue  Lauyne 
12  hadde  a  sone  by  Melompodes,  that  hadde  to  name 
Latynus  siluyua  After  Ascanyus,  regned  Syluyus 
postunus  his  brother  IT  Of  lulyus,  the  sone  of  Ascanyus,   From  Julius  is 

descended 

yssued  lulyen  /  of  whom  descended  lulyus  Cesar  /  JuHus  csesar. 

•'  •'  '  J  I     p;.,„^  Pharaoh's 

16  And  knowe,  that  from  the  tyme  that  the  children  of  time,  and  the 

•'  deliverance  ot 

ysrahel    came    oute   of   thraldome    fro   the   kynge   of  the  Israelites,  to 

•'  JO  Ascanuis,  tliere 

Egypte,  Pharao,  wha?i  they  passed  the  red  see  /  vnto  l'!™,,^!"]';^  ^r 

Ascanyus    tyme,  that   was  ^    kyng  of   Lombarde,  was  ^^'^  ^''^'""'*- 
20  CCCC.lxvij.  yeres  /  After  Syluyus  postunus  that  was 
kyng  xxix.  yeres  /  helde  the  royame,  latynus  syluyus 
.1  yeres.  in  the  tyme  that  eneas  &  his  sone  *Ascauyus       [*  leaf  L  7] 

came  in  lombardye,  regned  in  Iherusalem  kynge  Dauyd,  David  reigned 

niicici-Ni  1  1  ji  in  Jerusalem 

24  the  fader  of  balamon,  that  the  scrypture  prayseth  soo  when  Aeneas 

and  Ascanius 

moche.    After  Latynus  Syluynus,  regned  m  lombardye  came  to  Italy. 
Arbasylyus  xxix.  yeres  /  After  hym,  regned  Egystus 
siluyus  xxvij.  yeres.    After,  regned  Cajjys  siluyus  xxiij. 

28  yere  /  After,  regned  Ehiberynus  syluynus  viij  yeres. 
After,  regned  Capestus  xiij  yere  /  After,  regned  Syluynus 
agryppa  Ix.  yeres  ^  In  this  tyme  was  Omerus  moche  Homer, 
made  of  /  and  renommed  of  scyence  in  Greke  /  After 

32  Agryppa,  regned  Armelyus  syluynus  xix.  yeres  /  This  List  of  Aiban 
kynge  was  vnhappy,  and  was  slayne  wyth  the  thonder  / 
After  hym,  dydo   reyne    Postyus  siluynus  /  In  this   Fcmndaiion  of 

14ome. 

kynges  dayes,  byganne  the  historyes  of  the  romayns, 
^  orlg.  was  was 


166        C.VXTON    TRANSLATED    THE    E!^EYDOS    OUT    OF    FRENCH.     [cH.  LXV. 

CAP.  LXV.       and  of  theyni  tliat  founded  roome.     But  therof  I  sliaH: 
telle  now  noinore  /  but  sliaH  here  make  an  ende   of 
jj^^i_  this  lytyH  boke  /  named  Eneydos  : 


This  Fnej/dos 
was  en^clisht 
from  French  by 
Wm.  Caxton,  on 
22  June,  1490. 


HERE  fynyssheth  the  boke  yf  Eneydos  /  compyled  4 
by  Vyrgyle  /  whiche  hathe  be  translated  oute  of  latyne 
in  to  frenshe  /  And  oute  of  frenshe  reduced  in  to  Eng- 
lysshe,  by  nie  wyll/am  Caxton  /  the  xxij.  daye  of  luyn, 
the  yere  of  our  lorde  .M.  iiij  C  txxxx.     The  fythe  yere  8 
of  the  Eegne  of  kynge  Henry  the  seuenth. 


[For  the  convenience  of  readers,  modern  stops  have  been  put 
in  this  reprint,  as  well  as  Caxton's  bars.  His  full  stops  for 
commas  and  semicolons  have  seldom  been  left.  The  article  a 
has  been  separated  from  the  substantives  it  was  printed  as  part 
of.  Separate  portions  of  one  word  have  been  joined  by  hyphens. 
All  contractions  but  ye  have  been  expanded  in  italics. — F.  J.F.] 


1G7 


INDEX. 


By  THOMAS   AUSTIN. 


[The  follo^ying  Dictionaries  are  referred  to: — Cotgravk,  French  Diet. 
(1611),  C;  C4oDEFROY,  Diet,  de  VAnc.  Langue  Franc,  G.;  New  Emj. 
Diet.  (1885,  etc.),  D.] 


Abacke,  abak,  adv.  putte  abacke  or 

abak,  repulsed,  152/5,  9- 
Abandouue,  vb.  t.  forego  (devoting 

her  life  to  lier  men),  28/28. 
Abide,  vh.  int.  remain  fast,  2O/31. 
Above  ;  tyl  lie  be  come  to  his  aboue 

of  hjs  entrepryse,  i.  e.  succeed  in 

it,  119/3. 
Abstractyue,  adj.  abstract,  mental, 

46 /20  ;  ideal,  104/6. 
Abysme,   sb.  abysm,   abyss,  42/21. 

0.  Fr.  Abysme. 
Accensed,  j:9/).  inflamed,  87/i2. 
Accorde,   vb.   t.    arrange,  bring   to 

conclusion,  51/8. 
Accumyle,  vb.  t.  accumulate,  I7/9. 
Acerbas,  or  Acerbe,  otherwise  named 

Sycha3us,  a  Tyrian  of  rank,  hus- 
band to  Dido,  25/6,  is  slain  by 

order  of  Pygmalion,  25/32. 
Acesta,    or    New    Tro}^   otherwise 

Segesta,  is  founded  by  Aeneas  in 

Sicily,  115. 
Acestes,  King  of  Sicily,  96,  receives 

Aeneas   gladly,   114;    is   bidden 

farewell,  116. 
Achieued,  j^jjj.  completed,  I/2.     Fr. 

Achevcr. 
Achieuement,   sb.    completion,   full 

ending,  I/15.     Fr.  Achevement. 
Acren,  a  Trojan,  slain  by  Mezeutius, 

142/29. 
Adcerteyned,    pp.    assured,    59/30. 

0.  Fr.  Acertentr.     Certitie,  assure. 

— C. 
Adioust,  vb.  t.  give,  put,  24/5.     0. 

Fr.  Adjouster.    To  adde,  adioyne, 

set,  or  put  vnto. — C. 
Adlegacyon,  sb.  allegation,  112/1. 
Admonest,   vb.  t.   admonish,  warn, 

41/8,  44/19,  67/17.     0.  Fr.  Ad- 

monestcr. 


Admonestement,  sb.  admonishment, 
warning,  22/i4,  26/13,  41/i4.  0. 
Fr.  Adm07iestcme)d. 

Adresse,  vb.  adressed  hym,  turned 
himself,  137/ 18. 

Adriane,  or  Ariadne,  118.  See 
Ariadne. 

Adueneraent,  sb.  0.  Fr.  Advene- 
ment.  A  chance,  or  hap. — C.  II/23. 

Aduysion,  sb.  vision,  82/lo.  O.  Fr. 
Advision,  avision.    Vision,  dream. 

Aegeus,  King  of  Athens,  his  tribute 
to  Minos,  117;  drowns  himself, 
119. 

Aeneas  escapes  from  T103',  carrying 
his  father,  Anchises,  14  ;  sails  for 
Thrace,  15 ;  begins  to  build 
Aeneia,  16 ;  sacrifices  on  Poly- 
dore's  grave,  17;  sails  from 
Thrace,  22  ;  his  fleet  is  overtaken 
by  a  tempest,  39  ;  wrecked  on 
the  coast  of  Lybia,  40 ;  Dido 
falls  in  love  with  him,  47 ;  meets 
Dido  in  a  cave,  56  ;  reports  spread 
abroad  of  them,  58 ;  Mercury 
delivers  him  a  message  from 
Jupiter,  commanding  him  to  sail 
for  Italy,  64  ;  he  orders  his  men 
to  depart  secretly,  65  ;  Dido  tries 
to  persuade  him  to  stay,  67  ;  is 
bidden  by  lier  to  go,  with  curses, 
73;  lie  will  not  delay  his  depar- 
ture, 78  ;  has  a  vision  to  hasten 
it,  93  ;  sails  from  Carthage,  95 ; 
is  driven  to  Sicily,  96  ;  his  arrival 
there,  114;  celebrates  games  at 
his  father's  tomb,  115;  founds 
New  Troy,  or  Acesta,  115;  sails 
for  Italy,  116;  lauds  at  Cumas, 
116  ;  goes  down  to  Avernus,  120 ; 
arrives  at  the  land  of  King 
Latinus,   120;   begins  to  build  a 


168 


INDEX. 


fortress  on  tlie  Tonyre,  or  Tiber, 
122  ;  sends  an  embassy  to  King 
Latinus,  123 ;  lias  presents  sent 
back  to  liini,  126  ;  fray  between 
liis  men  and  those  of  Turnus, 
129  ;  lie  goes  to  seek  succour  from 
Evander,  130  ;  Turnus  lays  siege 
to  his  camp,  burns  his  ships,  132  ; 
Aeneas  arrives  with  a  large  force 
in  aid,  139  ;  a  battle  takes  place, 
140  ;  wounds  Mezentius,  and  slays 
Lausus,  143  ;  kills  Mezentias, 
144  ;  proposes  single  combat  with 
Turnus,  146  ;  comes  before  the 
city  of  Laurentum,  151  ;  repulses 
the  Latins,  151 ;  agrees  to  fight 
a  single  combat  with  Turnus,  156  ; 
the  battle  is  renewed,  157; 
Aeneas's  prowess  therein,  158 ; 
fights  in  single  combat  with 
Turnus,  and  slays  him,  winning 
Lavinia,  161,  162  ;  marries 
Lavinia,  162 ;  succeeds  King 
Latinus,  163  ;  dies,  163. 

Aeneia,  a  town  in  Chalcidice,  in 
Macedonia,  founded  by  Aeneas, 
16/IO. 

Aeolus,  God  of  the  winds,  with 
Neptune,  raises  a  storm  to  hinder 
Aeneas,  39. 

Affectuously,  adv.  heartily,  36/i3. 
0.  Fr.  Affectueux. 

Afflige,  vh.  t.  afflict,  78/29.  Fr. 
AffLiger. 

Affryque,  Africa,  30/i2.  Fr. 
Afrique. 

Agamenmon  besieges  Troy,  11. 

Agathyrsus,  a  town  in  Crete,  54/ 
20. 

Aget,  vh.  t.  get  hold  of,  55/36. 

Agrippa,  or  Argyrippa,  a  city  in 
Apulia,  146/35. 

Agrounde,  on  the  ground,  144/26. 

Ahighe,  adv.  on  high,  to  the  upper 
regions,  62/28 ;  ahyghe,  with  a 
loud  voice,  147/7. 

Aienst,  ^97'ep.  against,  145/33. 

Alba,  a  city  in  Latium,  tounded, 
164. 

Alegement,  sh.  0.  Fr.  AUegement. 
A  lightning,  disburdening,  easing. 
— C.   14/30. 

Alle  a  longe,  fully,  at  full  length, 
23/33. 


Alle  to-broken,  40/6 ;  alle  to- 
cratclied  (or  scratched),  IO7/13; 
alle  to-cutte,  49/28  ;  al  to-renteth, 
90/19  ;  •'ill  to-shaketh,  86/3  ;  alle 
to-tourne,49/3i ;  i.e.  quite  broken, 
quite  scratched,  bescratched,  etc. 

Amaritude,  sb.  bitterness,  sorrow, 
77/23,  92/28.     0.  Fr.  Amaritude. 

Amata,  wife  of  Latinus,  tries  to 
dissuade  Turnus  from  fi.;hting 
Aeneas,  155  ;  hangs  herself,  160. 
She  was  related  to  Turnus. 

Aminicules,  as  adj.  0.  Fr.  Ad- 
minicide.  An  aid,  b.elpe,  sup- 
port, prop. — C.  47/1.  See  D., 
Adminicle. 

Amyte,  sh.  amity,  friendship,  12/l6, 
19/17,  30/34.     0-  Fr.  Amitee. 

An-angred,  pp.  enraged,  r27/i6; 
140/21  ;  an-angryd,  I28/19. 

Anchandron,  an  island  (Antander), 
15/32  ;  on  the  coast  of  Troas. 

Anchises,  father  of  Aeneas,  is  camied 
from  Troy  by  his  son,  1,  14; 
dies  on  the  passage  from  Troy  to 
Libya,  40 ;  is  buried  in  Sicily, 
96,  114. 

Ancus  iMartius,  121. 

Anemste,  prep,  anent,  concerning, 
towards,  67/30. 

Anguysshous,  adj.  piercingly  sor- 
rowful. O.  Fr.  Angoisseux.  Full 
of  anguish. — C.  25/15. 

Anna,  or  Anne,  sister  of  Dido,  is 
her  confidant,  41  ;  replies  to  Dido, 
43;  sent  to  induce  Aeneas  to 
sta}',  77  ;  is  sent  for  by  Dido,  in 
her  grief,  84  ;  is  desired  to  pre- 
pare a  pyre,  86 ;  laments  her 
sister's  death,  107.     See  Dido. 

Antheledo,  a  monster,  the  brother 
of  Fame,  67/24. 

Anychil,  vh.  t.  annihilate,  82/33. 
0.  Fr.  Adnichiler. 

Anyus,  or  Aruns,  a  Trojan,  152/32, 
slays  Camilla. 

Aourned,  pp.  adorned,  decked,  15/5. 
O.  Fr.  Aorner,  aourner. 

Aperceyue,  vh.  t.  perceive,  79/i2  ; 
apperceyue,  79/ 16. 

Apollo  is  sacrificed  to  by  Aeneas, 
46/32  ;  account  of  him,  54. 

Apparaylle,  vh.  t.  prepare,  17/2o; 
appareylle,    102/6.       Fr.    Appa- 


INDEX. 


169 


reiJIer.  To  prepare ;  to  make 
readie. — C. 
Apparejl,  appareylle,  sb.  prepara- 
tion, 48/8,  53/9,  98/9  ;  apparatus, 
requisites,  95/17.  Appareil.  Pre- 
liaration,  provision,  readie-niak- 
ing  ;  a  decking,  dressing. — C. 

Appayre,  vi.  t.  impair,  IIO/3. 

Apposite,  adj.  opposite,  opposed, 
46/7.     0.  Fr.  Apposite. 

Appropred,  pp.  assigned,  appro- 
priated, 4/13. 

Approued,  pp.  proved,  86/32. 

Apropre,  vh.  t.  appropriate,  accom- 
modate, 74/25. 

Aquysycion,  sh.  acquisition,  II2/9. 

Arache,  vh.  t.  pluck  up  by  the  roots, 
18/25,18/34.  Fr.Arracher.  See 
D.,  Arace,  Arache. 

Arbytre,  sb.  free  arbytre.  Arhitre, 
libertie  of  iudgement,  freedome 
of  thouglit.— C.  43/27,44/21. 

Arcadia,  I3O/19. 

Ardea,  I42/23. 

Arenouse,  adj.  lupyter  arenouse 
(or  of  the  desert  sands),  59/15. 

Argyrippa,  or  Arpi,  an  ancient  city 
in  Apulia,  said  to  have  been 
founded  by  Diomedes,  I46/35. 

Ariadne,  daughter  of  Minos,  con- 
sults Daedalus  about  saving 
Theseus  from  the  Minotaur,  118  ; 
flees  with  Theseus,  119. 

Armure,  sh.  armour,  86/21.  Fr. 
Arviure. 

Arnus,  a  Trojan,  152/32. 

Arouse,  vh.  t.  bedew,  besprinkle, 
wet,  19/34.  0.  Fr.  Arouser.  M. 
F.  A7-roser.     See  D.,  Arrouse. 

Arrest,  vh.  t.  Fr.  Arrester.  To 
determine,  decree,  resolve  of. — C. 
84/6. 

Arrettyd,  pp.  cruelte  arrettyd,  de- 
termined cruelty,  19/22  ;  comp. 
preceding  word,  and  M.  Fr. 
Arreter. 

Arteres,  sh.  windpipe,  &c.,  64/31. 

Aruspycyous,  adj.  haruspicious, 
prognosticative,  8O/30. 

Ascanius,  son  of  Aeneas,  called  also 
lulus,  14,  48/32  ;  rescues  the 
ships,  115;  laughs  at  their 
trenchers  being  eaten,  122  ;  has 
an  unlucky  hunt,  127  ;  declines 


fighting,  132 ;    slays  Tolumnius, 
159;    succeeds   his   father,   163; 
his  reign,  164. 
Ascrye,   vh.  t.   call    upon,   129/17  ! 

call  forth,  challenge,  132/21  ;  vb. 

int.  cry  out,  IO5/15. 
Asperly,  adv.  rouglily,  55/34. 
Asperse,  vh.  t.  sprinkle,  88/24. 
Assemble,    sh.    co)ijunction,    imion, 

40/24  j  joiiiiriff  of  l)attle,  150/21. 
Assoylled,  ^52^  absolved,  II3/25. 
Assyduatly,  adv.  assiduately,  assi- 
duously, 26/i. 
Astate,  sb.   state,  49/i2;    position, 

rank,  124/5.     0-  Fr.  Estat. 
Atheleto,    or    Alecto,    one    of    the 

Furies,  8I/31. 
Atlas  bears  up  the  heavens,  62/36, 

84/31. 
Attyre,  vh.  t.  attract,  draw  on,  28/ 

35.     Fr.  Attircr. 
Atyse,  vh.  t.  move,  stir,  45/29  !  f>f 

a  woman  stirred  with  love,  Al lib. 

Fr,  Attiser.     To  kindle  (a  fire)  ; 

to  stirre  the  fire.     Attiser  le  feu 

avec     I'espee.       To    provoke    an 

angry  person. — C.     0.  Fr.  Aiiser. 
Auguremcnt,     sh.    augury,     72/29. 

0.  Fr.  Augurement. 
Aulite,  or  Aulis,  76/24.   The  Greeks 

assembled    their   forces   for   the 

Trojan  expedition  here. 
Auncyen,  adj.  ancient,  29/29.     Fr. 

Ande7i. 
Aurora,  goddess  of  the  Dawn,  96/ 

29. 
Autentyke,  adj.  self-made ;  of  the 

walls  of  Troy,  which  rose  to  the 

sound   of    Apollo's    lyre,   31/21. 

Fr.  Authentique. 
Awayt,  vh.  expect,  45/9. 
Awrye,  adv.  behold  awry,  i.  e.  with 

ill  will,  109/24. 
Awter,  sb.  altar,  47/9  !  awtier,  88/3. 

0.  Fr.  Alder,  Autier. 
Axtre,  sb.  axletree,  axis,  84/31. 
Ayen,  adv.  again,  35/4,  ^2/33. 
Ayenst,    prep,     against     {to     the 

winds),  75/34;  ayenste,  I8/30. 

Bacchus,  46/32. 

Baratc,  sb.     O.  Fr.  Barat.     Clieat- 

ing,  deceit,  guile,  in  bargaining. 

— C.  27/10,  65/34.    Sec  D.,  Barrat. 


170 


INDEX. 


Barbaire,    adj.     barbarous,    33/23. 

Fr.  Barhare. 
Barbaryn,  adj.  barbarian,  36/33. 
Barce,  Dido's  old  nurse,  102,  103, 
Bardies,  Burca,  in  Africa,  45/2. 
Barreys,  sh.  barrace,  barriers,  123/io. 
Basse,  adj.  base,   low,  4I/26.     Fr, 

Bus. 
Bastelle,  sh.     BastiUe.     A  fortresse, 

or  castle,  furnished  with  towers. 

— C.  20/9,    Apparently  here  used 

for  any  mansion.    See  D.,  Bastide. 
Bataylle,  sb.  battalion,  division   of 

an  army,  153/i8,  159/32. 
Beaulte,   sh.    beautv,    34/25,    37/i. 

0,  Fr.  Bealte.     Mod.  Fr.  Beauts. 
Befalle,  sh.  accident,  IO8/13. 
Begraue,  vh.  t.  bury,  96/23. 
Belus,  father  of  Dido,  25/i. 
Beh%  sh.  belly,  depths  of  the  sea, 

28  'a 
Bend,  sh.  band,  fillet,  21/i8. 
Better,    adv.    more,    rather,    I2/28, 

.21/34. 
Bienewrous,  adj.  happy,  25/i7.     0. 

Fr.  Beneureux.     Mod.  Fr.  Bien- 

heureux. 
Boccaccio's  Fall  of  Nobles,  22. 
Bolcus,  slaj'S  Euryalus,  and  is  slain 

by  IS'isus,  137. 
Botom,  sh.  bottom,  ball  of  thread, 

II8/36. 
Brack,  sh.  brach,  a  hound  that  hunts 

by  scent,  53/i6. 
Brackener,  sb.  a  servant  that  leads 

a  brach,  53/6. 
Brawdrye,    sh.    embroidery,    53/32. 

Fr.  Broderie. 
Braye,  vb.  int.  creak,  groan,  78/io; 

roar  (of  waves),  96/2. 
Brokelynges,  sb.  brokelings,   frag- 
ments, 122/6. 
Brule,    vb.    t.     burn,    94/21.       Fr. 

Bruler.     See  D.,  Broil. 
Brutus,  the  Consul,  121, 
Bruyt,  sh.  bruit,  disturbance,  4I/32. 
Brj'ef,    adj.    in   bryef,    in    epitome, 

briefly,  22/20. 
Bussj'ue,  sh.  trumpet,  150/ 16.     Lat. 

Buccina. 
Byfalle,  sh.  befall,  case,  65/7. 
Byshop,  sh.  priest,  I52/24. 
Byspoken,  ^ijiL  adj.  well  byspoken, 

of  good  speech,  4O/17. 


Bysprange,  vb.  t.  besprinkled,  16/ 
31,  35/25.     See  D.,  Bespreng. 

Bystorye,  sh.  bistourj',  dagger,  63/ 
28.     0.  Fr.  Bistorie. 

Bywayllenges,  sb.  bewailings,  la- 
mentations, 35/36. 

Bywepte,  adj.  blubbered,  disfigured 
with  weeping,  I5/17,  19/l. 

Cadinus,  or  Cadynus,  1.  e.  Cadmus 
of  Thebes,  inventor  of  letters, 
82/13.  . 

Calompniouse,  adj.  calumnious, 
97/1. 

Camilla,  daughter  of  King  Metabus, 
seeks  a  combat  with  Aeneas,  150, 
151  ;  is  slain  by  Aruns,  153. 

Canulla.     See  Camilla. 

Capitalle,  adj.  capital,  deadly,  106/ 

Carfe,  vh.  t.  carfe  waie  (of  ships), 

carve  their  way,  96/5. 
Caroyne,  sh.   carrion,  putrid   flesh, 

21/27. 
Cartagycns,  Carthaginians,  32/ 12. 
Carthage,  founded  by  Dido,  23/i2, 

31  ;  Aeneas  arrives  there,  40. 
Carton,  or  Tarchon,  I39/25. 
Castymonye,    sb.    chastity,    36/28, 

Lat.  Castimonia,  or  Castimonium. 
Caucasus,  mount,  71/io. 
Cause,  sb.  corse,  21 /3. 
Caytyue,  adj.  caitiff,  wretched,  91/5. 

0.  Fr.  Caitif. 
Ceasse,   sb.    cease,   ceasing,    58/6 ; 

quiet,  rest,  9O/4. 
Celebreed,   i^p.    celebrated,    86/22. 

Fr.  Cele'brer. 
Certayne,   sh.   in  certayne,  in  cer- 
tainty, 45/13.     Certain.     A  cer- 

taintie,  certaine  truth,  surenesse, 

assurednesse. — C. 
Cesseth,  ceaseth,  58/7.     Fr.  Cesser. 
Chaflred,  2^p.  lieated,  fired  with  love, 

52/4.     Fr.  Chauffer. 
Chare,  sh.  car,  I26/31.     Fr.  CJiaire. 

Ijat.  Carruni. 
Charmouse,  adj.  enchanting,  88/6. 

O,  Fr.  Charmeux:  comp.  Charm- 

eusement.    Charmingly,  inchaunt- 

ingly.— C. 
Chasse,  vb.  t.  chace,  hunt,  5I/36 ; 

drive,  96/36.     Fr.  Chasser. 
Chasshe,  sb.  chace,  hunting,  52/i4. 


INDEX. 


171 


Cliicke,  sh.  cheek,  II2/30;  cliykes, 

104/9. 
Chireherde,  sb.  churchyard,  8O/20. 
Chloreus,     or      Cleonis,     a     priest 

(bishop)  at  Troy,  152. 
Choruscac3'on,      sb.       coruscation, 

flashing,  62/9. 
Chyuannche,  sb.     0.  Fr.  Clievance. 

Ciieuisance,    wealth,    substance, 

riches,  goods. — C.  22/28. 
Cicyle,  Sicily,  96/21.     Fr.  Sidle. 
Cirte  rcgyon,  the  Sj'rtes  ;  gulfs  on 

north  coast  of  Africa,  44/34. 
Clemence,  sb.     Fr.  Clemence.     Cle- 

mencie,     benignitie,      pitie. — C. 

22/10,  97/33. 
Cleonis,  152. 
Cloanthus,  is  bidden  by  Aeneas  to 

help  in  preparing  the   fleet   for 

leaving  Carthage,  65/13. 
Clotho,  one  of  the  Fates,  8I/35. 
Clyraate,   sb.  climate,    24/34.       Fr. 

Climat.     A  clyme,  or  Clj'mate ; 

a  Portion  of  the  world. — C. 
Clytemnestra,  wife  of  Agamemnon, 

83/i  I.    With  the  aid  of  Aegisthus 

she  murdered  him. 
Coagulate,  ^'p.  compounded,  IO3/32. 
Coagule,  vb.  t.  bring  together,  82/2. 

Compare  post-classic    Coac/uhim, 

bond,  or  tie. 
Cogvtyue,  adj.  thinking,  reasoning, 

104/3. 
Coll,  vb.  t.  embrace,  48/35.     0.  Fr. 

Coler.      Comp.    Colle'e,    a    necke- 

imbracement,  an  imbracing. — C. 

See  also  D.,  Accoll. 
Coloque,  vb.  t.  speak  with,  address, 

121  ig.     Lat.  (JvUoqnor. 
Comnumyque,  vb.  int.  communicate, 

have  communications.     Fr.  Com- 

muniquer.    To  talke,  or  commune 

with.— C.  6I/26. 
Connnynycacyon,    sb.    communica- 
tion, 3/6. 
Commyse,  vb.  t.  commit,  19/20,  20/ 

7,42/15. 
Compatyble,    ad],  congenial,   sym- 
pathetic, 78/23. 
Complexion,  sb.  moral   nature,  23/ 

28;  habit  of  body,   85/14;   coni- 

plexcyoii,  109/17. 
Conclude,  vb.  t.  bring  to  a  state  of, 

36/2  ;  determine,  settle,  131/io. 


Concupyssible,  adj.  desirable,  to  be 

coveted,  I5/23.    Fr.  Concupiscible. 

Concussyon,  sb.  shaking,  buifeting, 

39/4.     Fr.  Concussion. 
Condicylle,  sb.  codicil,  IOO/37, 
Condolaunt,  adj.  condoling,  78/28. 
Coiuluytte,   sb.    conduct,    manage- 
ment,  51/31.     0.   Fr.   Condnide. 
A  manriging,  or  handling. — C. 
Conduytte,  vb.  t.  conduct,  54/8. 
Conthnttor,  sb.  conductor,  95/24. 
Confyte  in  teeros,  foul  with  weep- 
ing, 78/i8.     ConJH,  souille. — G. 
Connestable,     sb.     commander-in- 
chief,  160/ 1. 
Coimexe,  si.  tie,  bond,  47/1.     0.  Fr. 
Connexe :     comp.    Cuiuiexer,    at- 
taclier,  Her  ensemble. — G. 
Consecracyon,  sb.  burial,  apotheosis, 

98/5. 
Conseille,  vb.  t.  advise,  88/21. 
Consommacion,  sb.  consummation, 

completion,  22/i. 
Conspyracion,  sb.  conspiracy,  76/26. 
Contrare,  adj.  contrary,  102/21.    Fr. 

Gontraire. 
Contrarye,    vb.    t.    thwart,    oppose, 

42/26.     Fr.  Contrarier. 
Contreste,  vb.  t.  withstand,  struggle 
against,   96/17 !    contryste,   50/2, 
0.  Fr.  Contrester. 
Contryste,  2^2^-  sad,  IO5/24. 
Contryste,  vb.  t.   make  sad,  8O/17, 
34.     Fr.   Contrister.     To  grieve, 
sadden,  afllict,  make  sorrowfull. 
^  — C. 
Conturbed,  |7;3.  perturbed,  agitated, 

upset,  70/16.     Fr.  Contitrbcr. 
Conuenable,    adj.    suitable,    56/30. 

Fr.  Convenab/e. 
Conuencyon,  sb.  meeting,  5O/7.     O. 
Fr.   Convention,  action  de  venir. 
— G. 
Cordage,  sb.  of  wrinkles,  &c.,  shew- 
ing as  cords,  110/3J. 
Corpus,  sb.  corpse,  143/31,  145/8. 
Corrige,  vb.  t.  correct,  89/23.     ^r. 

Corriger. 
Corroye,  vb.  f.  0.  Fr.  Conroj/cr, 
Corroi/er,  Cvurroyer.  To  currie, 
tawe,  or  dresse,  as  leather. — C. 
30/ 1 6. 
Costume,  sb.  custom,  86/17.  0-  ^^^'- 
Costume. 


172 


Conenablc,  adj.  suitable,  84/3.     Fr. 

Convenahle.     0.  Fr.  Covenuhle. 
Couenaunce,  sh.  covenant,  I5G/24. 
Couenaiince,  vh.  t.  give  by  agree- 
ment, affiance,  I26/7. 
Couer,   vb.    t.    couereth    .    .    of  = 

covereth  .  .  with,  70/ii. 
Coiietyse,  sh.  covetonsness,  26/29. 
Coulpable,  adj.  culpable,  guilty,  89/ 

16.     0.  Fr.  Couljyahle. 
Counterfette,   adj.  counterfeit,   ill- 
made,  49/24. 
Couuerte,   adj.  covert,   secret,   sly, 

41/27. 
Coward,  adj.  cowardly,  I32/23.    Fr. 

Couard. 
Cramoysin,   sb.      0.    Fr.    Cramoisi. 

Crimson      colour.  —  C.      63/31. 

Cremoj^sin,  68/32. 
Crampon,  sb.  cramp.    Fr.  Crampon. 

A  Cranip-yron. — C.  39/14. 
Crayntyue,      adj.      Fr.       Craintif. 

Timerous,  bashfull. — C.  37/io. 
Cressettes,    sb.    cressets.      0.     Fr. 

Craisset.     Torches  covered  with 

pitch,  that  the  watch  carried  at 

night. — G.  94/21. 
Creusa,    wife    of    Aeneas,    escapes 

from  Troy  with  him,  14,  15  ;  is 

sister  to  Polydore,  2O/3. 
Cronykes,   sb.      0.    Fr.     Croniques, 

Chroniques.    Chronicles,  Anuales. 

— C.  24/8. 
Crosseles,      adj.      crossless,      with 

straight  handle,  63/29. 
Crusa,    daughter    of    Priam.      See 

Creusa. 
Cryspyne,  a  goddess,  I2O/15. 
Crystall,  sh.  crystal,  I6/29. 
Cullynge,    sh.   colling,    embracing, 

67/25. 
Culpe,  sb.  fault.     0.  Fr.  Coidpe.     A 

fault,  offence.— C.  28/23. 
Cumaj,  116,  120.     See  Enlyola. 
Cupid,  50/10. 
Curtoys,    adj.      Fr.    Courtois ;     ise. 

Courteous,    gentle,   debonaire. — 

C.  40/16. 

Cymphe,  sh.  sacrificial  cup,  22/2. 
Cyprus  is  reached  by  Dido  in  her 

flight,  29. 
Cyrcuyte,  sb.  Fr.  circuit.    A  circuit, 

compasse,  going   about. — C.  31/ 

23- 


Cyuj  le,  adj.  civil,  public,  belonging 
to  the  state,  14/ 14. 

Daedalus  flees  to  Italy,  from  Crete, 

II6/33  ;  constructs  the  labyrinth 

for  JMinos,  117  ;  gives  advice  how 

to  kill  the  Minotaur,  118  ;  is  im- 
prisoned by  Minos,  119;  makes 

wings  for  himself  and   his  son, 

and  thus  escapes,  119. 
Damoiselle,      sb.     damsel,     128/4 ; 

damoysell,     I27/17:     the    word 

also  was  applied  to  the  daughter 

of  a  king. 
Dampnable,    adj.    damnable,    con- 

demnable,  blameworthy,  44/4.  ^^• 

Fr.  dampnable. 
Darda,  or  Ardea,  I42/23. 
Dardanus,  first  king  of  Troy,  66/15, 

124 
Debonayr,   adj.  courteous,   affable, 

gentle,  21/8;  debonnayr,  22/io. 
Decease,  vb.  int.  decease,  die,  131/28. 
Deceyuable,  adj.     0.  Fr.  Decevahle. 

Deceiuable,  deceitfuU. — C.  19/22, 

73/2. 
Decore,  vh.  t.  decorate,  adorn,  24/ 

31.     Fr.  D^corer. 
Dedied,  pp.  celebrated,  47/6  ;  ded- 

yed,  dedicated,  36/ 16.    Fr.  Dedie. 
Dedj'cte,  sb.  ?  meaning,  24/13. 
Deed,  adj.  dead,  19/2. 
Defendyng:  In  my  body  defendyng, 

Fr.  A  mon  corps  defendant,  against 

my  wdll,  86/13. 
Deffaylle,  vh.     Fr.  Defaillir.     Wax 

feeble,  faile.-C.  48/4. 
Deffyaunce,  sh.  defiance,  mistrust, 

101/9.     Fr.  Ddjiance. 
Defoyle,  defoylle,  vh.  t.  defile,  20/ 1, 

102/2. 
Degre,  degree,  sh.  step,  of  ancestry, 

11/3;  stairs,  IO4/14.      Fr.  Degre. 
Delibere,  vb.  t.  deliver,  99/9.    Comp. 

0.  Fr.  Deliberation,  deliverance. 
Delices,  sh.     Fr.  Delices.    Delights, 

pleasures,  pastimes. — C.  59/2. 
Delon,  or  Delos,  54/i8. 
Delybere,   vb.      Fr.   Deliberer.     To 

deliberate,  aduise,  consult. — C.  1/ 

27. 
Delybere,    vb.    t.    deliver,    76/27 ! 

Comp.   0.    Fr.    Deliberation,   de- 

livrancc. — G. 


INDEX. 


173 


Demcane,  vh.  t.  brinjs:,  I8/28  ;  give 
fortli,  utter,  26/9.    O.  Fr.  Demoter. 

Depart,  vh.  t.  distribute,  IOI/34 ; 
separate,  129/26,  144/31. 

Depidracyon,  sh.  bewailing,  distress, 

15/12. 

Deprecatyuo,  adj.  prayerful,  37/lo. 

JDeprecatif,  adj.  qui  a  I'liabitude 

de  prior. — G. 
Desered,  pp.  desired,  .32/2. 
Desiderable,  adj.    desirable,    64/15. 

Fr.  Desiderable. 
Despyte,     sb.    debasement,    28/35. 

0.    Fr.    Despit.      IMepris,   houte, 

liumiliation. — G. 
Destourne,   vb.  t.   unliarbour  game 

for  huntinp-,  turn  aside,  55/4.     O- 

Fr.   Destonrner,      Turiie,   divert, 

distract,  withdraw,  remove. — C. 
Destournynge,  sh.  unliarbouring,  55/ 

28.     See  preceding. 
Destylled,  distilled,  let  drop,  87/3. 
Dcstynacye,  sh.  destiny,  fate,  45/i4, 

52/18,70/20. 
Destynate,  pp).  destinated,  ordained, 

20/35. 

Destyne,  sh.  strong  purpose,  or  will, 
as  of  fate,  8I/19.     0.  Fr.  Destine. 

Destyne,  vh.  t.  To  destyne  his 
berthe,  make  decrees  about  his 
birth,  predestinate,  41 /i 9. 

Detractiue,  adj.  slanderous,  dis- 
paraging, 23/5.  Detradif,  adj. 
medisant. — G. 

Deturpacyon,  sb.  distignrement, 
109/33.  ^-  Fr.  Deturpacion,  en- 
laidissement. — G. 

Denote,  adj.  devout,  59/ 18.  Fr. 
D^vot. 

Deuoyr,  sh.  duty,  15/i  ;  endeavour, 
38/17.     Fr.  Devoir. 

Deuysion,  sb.  division,  ?  quarreling, 
51/24.     0.  Fr.  Dcvision. 

Deye,  t'&.  die,  2fi/ii._ 

Deyfyque,  adj.  dcific,  sent  by  the 
gods,  64/28.     Fr.  Deifiqne. 

Dido,  daugliter  of  Belus,  is  married 
to  Sychajus,  25  ;  her  sorrow  at 
liis  murder,  20  ;  leaves  Tyre  on 
account  of  it,  27  ;  sails  to  Cyitrus, 
29  ;  settles  in  Africa,  30 ;  builds 
Carthage,  31  ;  is  demanded  in 
marriage,  34;  consults  her  sister 
Anna  on  her  love  for  Aeneas,  41  ; 


is  encouraged  by  her,  43  ;  falls 
madly  in  love,  47  ;  neglects  Car- 
thage through  her  passion,  49  ; 
goes  hunting,  53 ;  seeks  refuge 
from  the  storm  in  the  same  cave 
as  Aeneas,  56  ;  is  desperate  at 
his  projected  departure,  65 ;  en- 
deavours to  persuade  him  to  stay, 
67 ;  reproaches  him,  71  ;  bids 
him  depart  with  curses,  73 ;  in 
distress  sends  for  her  sister.  75  ; 
her  sufferings  compared  to  those 
of  Orestes,  83  ;  sends  again  for 
her  sister,  84 ;  desires  her  to 
make  a  fire  to  burn  Aeneas's 
armour,  86 ;  goes  thither  with 
garlands,  87 ;  invokes  a  witch, 
88  ;  her  grief  and  rage  at  Aeneas's 
departure,  97  ;  prays  for  evil  to 
him,  100;  prepares  for  death, 
102  ;  slays  herself,  .35,  106  ;  her 
death  struggles,  109  ;  her  beauty, 
111  ;  dies,  114  ;  eulogium  on  her, 
36. 

Diffamye,  sh.  defame,  infamj^,  108/ 
16.  0.  Fr.  Diffamic,  chose  in- 
fame. — G. 

Dileectacion,  sh.  dilectation,  delight, 
pleasures  of  love,  64/i. 

Diodorus  Siculus,  4/6. 

Diomedes,  6I/29  ;  on  his  departure 
from  Troy  settles  at  Agrippa,  or 
Argyrippa,  146. 

Dioneus,  or  llioneus,  a  Trojan,  is 
sent  on  an  embassj'  by  Aeneas, 
124  ;  addresses  King  Latiuus, 
125. 

Disaraye,  sh.  disorder,  IO7/4.  Fr. 
De'sarrol. 

Displaisir,  sh.  displeasure,  94/i6. 
0.  Fi\  DispleasiLve. 

Dissonauut,  a.dj.  dissonant,  at  dis- 
cord, or  enmity,  32/io. 

Do,  vh.  make,  cause  ;  do  shewe, 
cause  to  shew,  2/13;  do  departe, 
make  depart,  12/2  ;  do  sloe,  cause 
to  slay,  or  be  slain,  25/32  ;  dyd 
it  to  be  taken,  made  it  to  l)c 
taken,  27/19;  ^^^  alyauncc, 
make  alliance,  50/2O. 

Dolant,  «f7j.  O.Yr.  Dvlent.  Sorrow- 
full,  heauie,  greening;  wretched, 
miserable. —  C.  78/24,  93/2y. 
Dolaunte,  66/22. 


174 


INDEX. 


Doled,  afVi.  ?  infatuated,  67/4,  93/iS, 
23.  Tliis  word  seems  conuected 
with  0.  Fr.  Doler,  sotiffrir,  wliicli 
is  iu  G.     Coinp.  Endullexl. 

Domageons,  adj.  damagiug,  de- 
structive, 13/23.  ^-  ^^-  D(i'>najos, 
Domageus. 

Dominage,  sb.  damage,  148/i8.  Fr. 
Dommage. 

Doubt,  fh.  t.  fear,  133/24,  143/2, 
153/ 10. 

Doubtous,  adj.  doubtful,  uncertain, 
11/24;  doubtouse,  65/8,  98/22. 
0.  Fr.  Doubteux. 

Dounbe,  adj.  dumb,  IOO/15. 

Dowayr,  sb.  dowry,  51/i  ;  dowayres, 
dowers,  endowments,  II/21.  0. 
Fr.  DoUaire. 

Drances,  or  Drastes,  149. 

Draughte,  sb.  spell,  stretch,  in  sing- 
ing, 80/2  5. 

Dredefull,  adj.  full  of  fear,  I8/12  ; 
dredfull,  causing  fear,  IO3/29. 

Dresse,  vb.  iiit.  stand  up,  64/30 ; 
dresse  vp,  set  up,  138/i8.  Fr. 
Dresser. 

Dryopes,  an  aboriginal  Greek  tribe, 
54/20. 

Durynge,  during,  98/25. 

Dyane,  or  Diana,  Fr.  Diane,  88/22. 

Dyete,  sb.  saying,  24/6.  0.  Fr. 
.  Diet. 

Dyde  were,  did  wear,  162/i6. 

Dyftame,  sb.  defame,  infamy,  110/ 
18. 

Dyfferencyng,  differing,  24/i4. 

Dyfferre,  vb.  t.  defer,  77/ii.  Fr. 
Differer. 

Dyftyeyle,  adj.  difficult,  I6/14.  Fr. 
Difficile. 

Dygne,  adj.  worthy,  24/9,  44/27. 
Fr.  Digue. 

Dylection,  sb.  dilection,  love,  I6/32, 

44/22. 

Dyseomfyte,  pp.  discomfited,  de- 
feated,' 154/9. 

Dyscoure,  vh.  t.  discover,  reveal. 
0.  Fr.  Descouvrir.  To  discover, 
disclose. — C.  4I/3. 

Dyscrease,  vb.  int.  decrease,  2/23. 
0.  Fr.  Descroistre. 

Dyscute,  vb.  t.  discuss,  IIO/36. 

Dysmoeuycd,  pp-  dismoved,  dis- 
suaded, turned,  57/4. 


Dyspense,  sb.  dispensation,  46/20. 

Dysperacyon,  sb.  desperation,  de- 
spair, IO8/19,  111/16. 

Dysplaysaunte,  adj.  unhappy,  or 
V  displeasing,  73/24. 

Dysploye,  vb.  t.  unfold,  loose,  95/15. 

Dyssolucyon,  sb.  dissoluteness.  O. 
Fr.  Dissolution.  Disorder,  ex- 
cesse,  loossenesse  of  conuersation. 

— c.  23/29. 

Dyssymule,  vb.  t.  dissemble,  hide, 
65/i8,  71/35.     Fr.  Dissimnler 

Dystempred,  adj.  stormy,  46/ 1. 

Dystourne,  vb.  t.  turn  away,  turn 
aside,  53/6,  74//.    See  Destonrne. 

Edefye,    vb.  t.  edify,    build,  31/ 13. 

Fr.  Edifier. 
Egal,  adj.  equal,  4/30;  Egall,  112/ 

19.     Fr.  Egal. 
Eggs :    anecdote  about   Eggs   and 

Eyren,  2. 
Elysse,  or  Dido,  23/36.     See  Dido. 
Embrase,  vb.  t.  set  on  fire,  107/2  ; 

embrasid,  pp.    fired,   5O/3.      Fr. 

Embraser.      To   kindle,   inflame. 

— C. 
Emendes,    88/15  ;   Emmendes,    81/ 

30.     The  Eumenides,  or  Furies : 

Alecto,  Megsera,  Tisiphone. 
Empesched,  2^2^-  hindered,  IO4/7. 
Empesshe,  vb.  t.    0.  Fr.  Empescher. 

To   hinder,    let,   barre,  stop.^C. 

I8/26,  38/13,  17. 
Enbrace,   vb.    t.  welcome,   receive, 

36/17,    40/24.       Fr.    Embrasser. 

Intreat  kindly. — C. 
Enchaunte,  vb.  t.  I4I/13,  apparently 

means   "dare  liim  to  come  on." 

Comp.  "  Incantare.      Injnngere  ; 

vehementer  rogare,"  in  Ducange. 
Euchauntemente,   sb.    from    above 

verb,  141/14. 
Endementes,  sb.  ?  ends,  contrivances, 

I6/23. 
Eiidulled,  2^P-   stupid,  ?  infatuated, 

41/15,  94/28:    t!n"s   seems  to    be 

the  0.  Fr.  Endoie,  afflige,  in  G. 

Comp.  Doled. 
Eneade,  I6/10.     See  Aeneia. 
Enfiammed,  2y2^-  inflamed,  54/25, 56/ 

6.     0.  Fr.  Enflamber,  enjiammcr. 

To  inflame,  fire. — C. 
Enharnyshed,  2yp-  harnessed,    126/ 


INDEX. 


175 


29.     Com  p.  0.  Fr.  Enharnache^is. 
— G. 
Enliuunsynge,  sb.  enliancing-,  mag- 
nification, fame,  IO8/10.     0.  Fr. 
Enhauncer,  enhcmnsier. 
Enlumj'tie,  vb.  t.  0.  Fr.  Enluminer, 
to  illuminate,  iulighten. — C.   13/ 
21. 
Enlyola,  or  Tiilyola,  120/ll. 
Eimuyouse,    adj.    tiresome,   weari- 
some, 103/19.     ^^-  Ennuyeux. 

Enoynt,  vh.  t.  anoint,  6O/33.  0.  Fr. 
Enointer. 

Eripryse,  vb.  t.  undertake,  8/33. 
Comp.  0.  Fr.  Emprise  =  entre- 
prise. 

Ensiewp,  vh.  t.  ensew,  follow,  15/4 ! 
ensiwe,  15/ 18.     0.  Fr.  Ensievir. 

Eutanie,  vb.  t.  Fr.  Entamer.  To 
cut  open,  or  breake  up. — C.  18/8. 

Entende,  vb.  int.  attend,  37/ 14,  1)9/ 
10.  Fr.  Entendre  a.  To  studie, 
mind,  heed,  care  for,  looke  to. — 
C. 

Entendemente,  sb.  wythonte  en- 
tendemeute,  deprived  of  sense, 
20/28  ;  debylyte  of  entendement, 
weakness  of  understanding,  24/ 
22 ;  fantasme  of  her  entendement, 
82/7.  Fr.  Entendement.  Vnder- 
standing,  apprehension,  iudge- 
ment. — C. 

Entermete,  vb.  int.  meddle  oneself, 
busy  oneself,  3/23  ;  enterniytted 
hymselfe,  occupied  himself,  1.55/ 
I.  0.  Fr.  Entremetre.  S'entre- 
mettre  de.  To  meddle,  or  deale 
with. — C. 

Entermyse,  sb.  undertaking,  55/25. 
Fr.  Entremise.  An  intermedling. 
— C. 

Enterpryser,  sb.  undertaker,  enter- 
prising man,  40/i8. 

Eutromvtret,  vb.  entromytreteth 
herself,  busieth  herself,  86/10. 
See  EtUermete. 

Enuahyshe,  enuaysshe,  vb.  t.  invade, 
55/33,  104/13.  Comp.  Fr.  Enva- 
liir,  Envahissant. 

Enwcd,  vb.  t.  marry,  take  as  wife, 
60/3 1. 

Ecpiypared,  pp.  compared ;  equal, 
or  like,  82/35,  83/7-  0.  Fr.  E(iui- 
parer. 


Eschape,  vb.  int.  escape,  I2O/4.     0. 

Fr.  Eschaper. 
Esohewe,  vb.  t.  eschew,  avoid,  28/ 

28,  29/21. 
Espace,  sb.   space   of  time,  31 /28, 

159/14.     Fr.  Esjnice. 
Espouse,  sb.  spouse,  68/19.     ^-  ^^' 
Espoux. 

Espryse,  vb.  t.  fire,  59/io  ;  esprysed, 
pp.  fired,  smitten,  25/25,  '^'^l~7y 
46/i8,  65/3,  84/19;  set  on  fire, 
94/21.  Comp.  0.  Fr.  Espris. 
S'esprendre.  To  fire,  to  kindle. — 
C. 

Espyotte,  sb.  Espieu.  A  Partisan, 
or  Captaines  leading-staffe. — C. 
143/4.  Mod.  Fr.  Epieu,  boar- 
spear.  It  seems  to  mean  some 
kind  of  spear  or  javelin  here. 

Estoure,  sb.  battle,  melee,  stir,  tu- 
mult, 129/6.   0.  Fr.  Estur,  Estoiir. 

Ethyopes,  or  Ethiojiians,  84/29. 

Evander.  son  of  Hermes  (according 
to  some),  is  said  to  have  led  a 
colony  from  Pallantium,  in  Ar- 
cadia, to  Italy,  where  he  built 
the  town  of  Pallantium,  which 
afterwards  formed  part  of  Rome. 
Aeneas  seeks  aid  of  him,  130  ;  he 
sends  his  son  Pallas  with  Aeneas, 
131. 

Exanco,  a  river,  54/i3. 

Excecrable,  adj.  Fr.  Execrable. 
Execrable,  detestable. — C.  22/27. 

Excercyte,  sb.  host,  8I/30  ;  excer- 
site,  11/13.  0.  Ft.  Exercite.  An 
hoast,  or  armie  of  men. — C. 

Excidyon,  sft.  destruction,  II/7. 

Excysion,  sb.  destruction.  0.  Fr. 
Excision.  A  wasting,  destroying, 
razing. — C.  76/27. 

Excytatiue,  adj.  iiicitatory,  exhort- 
ative, 78/27. 

Exemplayre,  sb.  example.  Fr. 
Exemplaire.  A  patterne,  sample, 
or  sampler  ;  an  example. — C.  41/ 
25- 

Execjuyes,  sb.  obsequies.  0.  Fr. 
Excqnics. — G.  Exeqncs,  Funeralls, 
or  funerall  solemnities. — C.  36/4. 

Exploit,  vb.  t.  hasten,  94/9.  See 
G.,  Espluitier. 

Expowne,  vb.  t.  expound,  explain, 
4/2.     Comp.  0.  Fr.  Exponner. 


176 


INDEX. 


Exstirpc,  rh.  t.  extirpate,  destroy, 
71/15.  O.  Fr.  Estreper.  Fr.  Ex- 
tirper.  To  extirpate ;  root  out, 
or  placke  vp  by  tlie  root. — C. 

Extermynaciou,  sb.  close,  ending, 
80/ 1 6. 

Extymacion,  sb.  wythout  extyma- 
cion,  or  estimation  ;  ?  to  an  in- 
effable degree,  95/23. 

Extynct,  vb.  t.  extinguish,  43/26, 
68/12. 

Extyrp,  vb.  t.     See  Exstlrpe,  35/26. 

Exyll,  sb.  emi>tiness,  loneliness, 
8I/13.  Fr.  Exll.  Conip.  Latin 
Exilis. 

Eyren,  eggs,  2/36 :  anecdote  about 
iisage  of  the  words. 

Facely,  adv.  facilely,  with  facility, 
77/15. 

Facile,  adj.  easy,  75/ 19  ;  facylle,  49/ 
3.     Fr.  Facile. 

Faicte,  sb.  deed,  IO7/36.  0.  Fr. 
Faict. 

Famyler,  adj.  familiar,  III/22.  0. 
Fr.  Famelier. 

Fanourisshe,  vb.  t.  fauourisshe, 
favour,  45/14.  0.  Fr.  Favor ir. — 
G.  Favoriser,  To  fauour,  grace, 
countenance. — C. 

Fantasme,  sb.  the  fantasme  of  her 
entendement,  vision  of  her  mind, 
82/6  ;  fauntasme,  48/26.  0.  Fr. 
Fantasme,  Fantasme.  Vision,  ap- 
parition.— C.     Reverie. — G. 

Faylled,  pp.  failed,  in  a  fainting 
state,  gone,  19/2. 

Fayntasie,  sb.  fantasy,  fancy,  25/14. 
0.  Fr.  Fanfasie. 

Faytte,  sb.  fact,  truth,  I8/14;  deed, 
act,  20/19,  24/19,  40/17,  41/11. 
0.  Fr.  Faict  A  fact,  act,  action  ; 
a  feat,  atchieuement.- — C. 

Fedder,  sb.  feather,  58/i.  Germ. 
Fede7\ 

Felauship.  sb.  fellowsln'p,  compan}', 
65/2  ;    felaushyppe,  companions, 
21/16;  felawshyppe,  30/21. 
Fenyce,  or  Dido,  28/36.     See  Dido. 
Fen^'ce,  or  Phoenicia,  24. 
Fenyces,    or     Phoenicians,     invent 

letters,  24. 
Ferdeful,  adj.  fearful,  timid,  41 /26. 
Fere,  vb.  t.    fear,    frighten,    8O/16, 
138/11. 


Festye,  vb.  t.  greet,  68/15.  Com- 
pare 0.  Fr.  Festier  :  Faire  bonne 
chere  k  quelqu'nn. — G. 

Flagellacyon,  sb.  flagellation, 
scourging,  73/28. 

Fhxgitacyon,  sb.  ?  flagellation,  96/2. 

Flain,  pp.  flayed,  101 /22. 

Flarnm,  sh,  on  a  flannn,  in  flames, 
14/2.     Fr.  Flamme. 

Flote,  sb.  fleet,  27/6,  39/25.  Fr. 
Fhtte. 

Foison,  sb.  abundance,  87/24.  Fr. 
Fo'ison. 

Fonde,  vb.  t.  found,  invented,  24/25. 

Foole,  sb.  foal,  88/32. 

Force,  sb.  The  hunters  made  no 
force  for  it.  Comp. — "  le  ne 
fais  point  force  de  cela — I  care 
not  for,  I  force  not  of,  I  am  not 
mooued  by,  that  thing." — C.  55/ 
25. 

Forcened,  ad),  mad,  67/3,  ^VS  '1 
forsened,  93/15,  IO6/29.  _  Fr. 
Forcene.  IMad,  wood,  frantick. — 
C.     Forsene. — G. 

Forfayte,  sb.  crime,  93/8.  Fr. 
Forfait. 

Forfayte,  pp.  He  hath  forfayte 
nothyng,  done  no  crime,  1 87/13. 

Forgetynge,  sb.  forgetting,  forget- 
fulness,  oblivion,  15/il, 

Forsenerie,  sb.  madness,  93/4; 
comp.  Forcened,  above.  0.  Fr. 
Forsenerie. 

Forthon,from  thenne  fortlion,from 
thenceforth,  30/ 1 

Fortuned,  j^P-  "^velle  fortuned, 
fortunate,  86/10. 

FouTidemente,  sb.  foundation,  14/9, 
19/31,  20/8  ;  foundment,  founda- 
tion, ground,  88/4.  Fr.  Fonde- 
merit. 

Foundre,  vb.  int.  melt,  75/22,  78/ 
34 ;  f owndre,  98/29  ;  foundre 
(in  the  sea),  vb.  t.  97/24.  Fr. 
Foiidre.  Comp.  0.  Fr.  Fondrer, 
mettre  an  fond  ;  s'eifoiidrer. — G. 

Fowunded,  pp.  founded,  44/28. 
Francsye,  sb.  frensy,  8I/26  ;  fransie, 

103/28.     Fr.  Fr'enesie. 
Fraunchise,  sb.    franchise,  freedom, 

92/33.     Fr.  Franchise. 
Frawdulouse,   adj.    fraudulent,  Fr. 
Frauduleux,  IO5/13. 


177 


From   herselfe,    out   of   her   mind, 

65/23. 
Front,  sb.     Fr.  Front,  forehead,  21/ 

20. 
Fnistratoire,  adj.  frustratory,  vaii), 

78/2.     Fr.  Fnistratoire. 
Frustre,  vb.  t.    Fr.  Frustrer.  To  dis- 
appoint,   frustrate,    defraud. — C. 

45/8.     Frustred,  V  frustrate,   dis- 

appuintiiig,  liostile,  8O/33. 
Fuldo,  vh.  t.  complete,  perform,  47/ 

12  ;  fuldoo,  88/8. 
Furiosite,  sh.  fury,  rage,  83/i2.     0. 

Fr,  Furiosite. 
Furour,  sb.  furor,  fury,  28/28.     Fr. 

Fvreur. 
Furybounde,  arlj.  fnril)ond,  furious, 

71/1.     Fr.  Furibond. 
Fnryosite.  8I/27.     See  Furiosite. 
Fuste,  s6.'fist,  107/13. 
Fuyte,  sb.  Fr.  Fuite,  flight,  31  /6. 
Fyers,  adj.  fierce,  54/31.     Fr.  Fier. 
Fynably,  adv.   in  tlie   end,  at  last, 

78/2.     Comp.  Fr.  Finablemcnt. 
Fyne,  adj.   fine,  perfect,   pure,   25/ 

14.     Coin\).  Fine  gold. 
Fyole,  sb.  Fr.  Fiole,  phial,  47/4 

Gawr,  vb.  stare  about,  IGl/ig. 

Gaynstonde,  vb.  t.  gainstand,  with- 
stand, 27/11. 

Gectuses,  or  Gaituliaus,  68/26.  A 
people  in  Nortliern  Africa. 

Germayn,  adj.  Fr.  Germain  ;  itie. 
Germaine,  come  of  the  same 
stock.— C.    45/8,  75/28. 

Getule';,  or  Getula?,  in  Northern 
Africa,  44/31.  larbas,  or  Yarbas, 
was  their  king. 

Glayuc,  sb.  Fr.  Glaive.  A  gleaue, 
or  Sword  ;  also,  a  Launce. — C. 
I8/5,  159/25.  ?  Axe,  in  both  quo- 
tations, and  much  like  Guisarme. 

Gouerneresse,  sb.  she-ruler,  96/19. 
0.  Fr.  Gouverneresse. 

G raffed,  pp. '^  ntuck  down.  0.  Fr. 
Ch'ufer,  doner,  attachor  avec  un 
crampon. — G.  47/24. 

Granmodrc,  sb.  grandmotlicr,  57/ 
21. 

Graunte,  adj.  grand,  great,   IO/12. 

Fr.  Grand. 
Gre,  sb.     Fr.    Grc.   Will,   willing- 

nesse  ;  allowance,  liking,  accord, 
ENEYDOS. 


consent:  att'ection;  wish;  thanks. 
— C.  30/31.     Gree,  28/22. 

Greable,  adj.  agreeable,  34/i8.  0. 
Fr.  Greable. 

Gree,  vb.  agree,  29/6.     Fr.  Griper. 

Gresell,  vb.  int.  Compare  0.  Fr. 
Greziller.  To  wrigle,  or  stirre  as 
a  Hue  fish  on  a  hot  gridiron  ;  also, 
to  cur](^,  twirle,  frizle  haire,  etc. 
-C.  64 /30. 

Greuable,  adj.  grievahle,  disagree- 
able, difticuit.  Compare  0.  Fr. 
Grevable,  grievous,  jiainefull. — C. 
49/2. 

Guile,  sb.  0.  Fr.  Gule.  Fr.  Guenlc. 
The  throat,  gullet,  39/20. 

Guysarme,  sh.  bill,  battle-axe.  Gui- 
sarme. A  kind  of  (offensive) 
long-handled  and  long-headed 
weapon. — C.  I8/5. 

Guyse,  sb.  guise, .manner,  fashion, 
32/11. 

Ilabandouned     fro      all     comfort, 

abandoned,  devoid  of  all  comfort, 

93/27. 
Habondaunte,  adj.  abundant,  I8/9. 
Haboundaunce,   sb.  abundance,  19/ 

28. 
Ilalowyng,     sb.    hallooing     (from 

grief),  36/3. 
Hardy nes,  sb.  boldness,  31/i8,  1.34/ 

31  ;  hardynesse,  boldness,  in  bad 

sense,  I9/20.     Comp.  Fr.  Hard  I, 

Hardiesse. 
Harme,  sb.  arm,  68/31. 
Haultayn,  adj.  high-minded,  I8/24. 

0.  Fr.  llaultain. 
Haiioyr,  sb.  O.  Fr.  Havoir,  woaltli, 

substance.— C.  14/13,  26/34,27/13. 
Herberowe,  vb.  t.  harbour,   shelter, 

130/22,  131/34;  herberrowe,  126/ 

18. 
Hercdytall,    adj.    heredital,    64/21  ; 

heredylalle,  70/2O.    0.  Fr.  Hereili- 

tal.     Hereditarie — C. 
Ilesperides,  85/3. 
llistoryer,  sb.    historian,  24/7.      0. 

Fr.  Ilistorieur. 
liomyside,  sb.  homicide.      Fr.  Ilo- 

micide.     Manslangjiter,    or    miir- 

ther.— C.  19/26. 
lloncste,  sb.  ().  Fr.  I/oneste,  honesty, 

37/21. 


178 


INDEX. 


Hosse,  sb.  liose,  stocking,  89/i2. 
Hostel,  sb.  ?  temple.     0.  Fr.  Hostel. 

An  liostel!,  house,  lodging  (this 

word  is   commonly   a   marke    of 

greatnesse). — C.  I6/33. 
Hydouse,  adj.  hideous,  104/ii,  113/ 

31.      Fr.    Uideux  : .  irom    0.    Fr. 

Hide,  horreur,  frayeur,  efFroi. — G. 
Hye   see,  high  sea,  open   sea,  27/ 

25. 
Hyrcania,  71/3 1.  Ilyrcania  bordered 

on  the  Caspian. 
Hysse,  vh.   t.    hoist,    IIG/19.      Fr. 

Hisser, 

larbas.     See  Yarbas. 

Icarus,  escapes  by  means  of  wings 

from  prison,  with  his  father,  119  : 

falls  into   sea    and   is   drowned, 

120. 
leopard,  vb.  t.  risk,  venture,  88/28. 
lUumyne,  vb.  t.  Fr.  lUmniner.   To 

illuminate,  giue    light  unto. — C. 

9<3/33. 
Illustracyon,  sb.  illustration,  lustre, 

light,  18/20.     Fr.  Illustration. 
lUiistre,  vb.  t.  illustrate,   brighten, 

give  light  to,  52/3,  86/33.      Fr. 

lllustrer. 
Immole,  vb.  t.  immolate.     Fr.  Im- 

moler.     To  offer,   to  sacrifice,  to 

offer  sacrifice.— C.  79/ii,  89/15. 
Impraynted,    fp.   engraved,  48/26. 

0.  Fr.  Empreinter.  graver. — G. 
Incitatyf,  adj.  incitative,  incitatory, 

hortative,   27/29.     Incitatif,    adj. 

qui  excite. — G. 
Ineontynent,  adv.    Fr.  Incontinent. 

At  once.   She  dyde  it  incontynente 

to  be  sette  in  poynt — she  at  once 

caused  it  to  be  set  in  order,  34/ 

24,  146/17- 

Inconuenyent,  sb.  inconvenient,  in- 
convenience, 76/5.  Inconvenient, 
s.m.  situation  facheuse,  malheur. 
— G. 

Indicatyf,  adj.  indicative,  demons- 
trative, 33/4,  104/5. 

Induces,  sb.  truce,  34/i8.  Fr.  In- 
duce.    Lat.  Inducice. 

Induction,  sb.  inference,  44/23  ?  ^^' 
ducing,  allurement,  11-3/22.  Fr. 
Induction. 

Indygne,  vb.  t.    Fr.  Indigner.     To 


anger,  chafe,  driue  into  wrath. — 

C.  68/27.    Indygnedj^ip.  angered, 

70/14,  96/u  (iiidigned). 
Inexplycable,  adv.  inexplicably,  in- 
extricably,    49/9.      Comp.     Fr. 

Inexplicablement. 
Inexpugnable,   adj.  not  to  be  cap- 
tured,   imiiregnable,    IO/12.      F. 

Inexpugnable. 
Infecte,  adj.  F.  Infect ;  cte.   Infect, 

infected,  infectious. — C.  21 /26. 
Infestaunce,  sb.    hostilit}^,    enmity, 

76/36.     Comp.  Infestant. — G. 
Inhibytore,  adj.  inhibitory,  prohibi- 
tive, 77/35.     F'"-  Inliibitoire. 
Inhomynyouse,    adj.    ignominious, 

disgraceful,  shameful,  96/9.     Fr. 

Ignominieux. 
Inhoryble,  adj.  horrible,  II3/31. 
Iniure,  sb.   injury,  wrong,  outrage, 

108/8.    Fr.  Injure. 
Iniuried,    pp.     insulted,    outraged, 

102/2.    Fr,  Injurier. 
Tnpaciente,  adj.  impatient,  82/15. 
Inpudike,      adj.      Fr.     Impudlque. 

Lasciuious,  wanton,  vnchast. — C. 

37/16. 
Inreuocable,  adj.  irrevocable,  42/29. 
Insolute,  adj.  unusual,  2O/30.     Fr. 

InsoUtc. 
Inspecyon,  sb.  ?  inspection,  lOhl^j. 
Interrupte,  pp.  interrupted,  49/22. 
Intrinsique,   adj.    intrinsic ;    within 

the   walls,    9I/17  ;    in   the   land, 

105/10  ;  inner,  71/5,  78/30.  Comp. 

Intrinsequement,     On  the  inside. 

— C. 
In-tyl,  prep,  into,  136/2. 
Inuectyue,  adj.  invective,  65/i. 
Inueterate,  adj.  inueterate  of  euyll 

dayes,  rooted  in,  accustomed  to, 

109/31. 
Inuetered   adj.   I.    of  many   yeres, 

78/4.     Comp.  Inueterate. 
Inutyle,  adj.   useless.      Fr.  Inutile. 

Vnprofitable,    vngainfull,  vnser- 

uiceable.— C.  19/6. 
louencellys,   sb.  young  men,  124/2. 

0.  Fr.  Jouvencel. 
Iris,  messenger  of  the  gods,  is  sent 

by    Juno   to    free    Dido's   spirit, 
109 ;    disputes    with    Proserpine 

for  Dido's  soul,  112;  frees  Dido, 
114. 


179 


Irryte,  vb.  t.  irritate,  95/27.  Fr. 
Irriter. 

lulus.     See  Ascanius. 

luiio  raises  a  storm  against  Aeiieas's 
fleet,  89  ;  semis  a  tempest  to  dis- 
perse hunters,  52,  55;  sends  Iris 
to  dying  Dido,  109. 

lupiter,  Arenouse,  59/15;  I'lpiter 
sends  Mercury  to  Aeneas,  61. 

luste,  vh.  int.  joust,  132/23. 

lusticer,  si.  judge,  99/8.  Fr.  lus- 
ticier.  A  Justice,  or  Justicer. — 
C.    0.  F.  Justiceo): 

Kerne,  vh.  t.  comb,  6O/33. 
Kyiide,  s6.  kind,  nature,  IO3/31. 
Kysshynges,  kissings,  43/i2. 

Lacrymable,  adj.  lacrimable,  lam- 
entable, 32/20.  0.  Fr.  Lacrim- 
able. 

Liicryme,  vb.  int.  lacrime.  weep, 
104/25.  0.  Fr.  Lagrimer,  Lacri- 
vier. 

Lacrymous,  adj.  tearful,  35/4,  36- 
0.  Fr.  Lacrimeus. 

Lacyuyte,  sb.  lasciviousness,  37/i7. 
0.  Fr.  Lacivite. 

Langorous,  adj.  languishing,  20  33. 
0.  Fi'.  Langoros  ;  Fr.  Langourcnx. 

Laoinedon  cheats  the  gods  who 
helped  to  build  Troy,  91. 

Late,  vh.  let,  24/ r  7. 

Latheser,  Lachesis,  one  of  the  Fates, 

81/35- 

Latinus,  King  of  Latium,  120 ; 
Aeneas  sends  an  embassy  to  him, 
123;  he  welcomes  the  Trojans, 
126 ;  tries  to  quiet  Turnus,  129  ; 
Diomede  sends  him  a  message, 
147 ;  wishes  for  peace  with 
Aeneas,  148 ;  tries  to  persuade 
Turnus  not  to  light  Aeneas,  165  ; 
gives  his  daughter  Lavinia  to 
Aeneas,  162;  his  death,  163. 

Lauatorye,  sb.  lavatorj',  lavement, 
110/7.     ^^-  Lavatoire. — G. 

Laurens,  or  Laurentum,  a  city  in 
Latium,  the  capital  of  King  La- 
tinus, 122,  135,  145,  160. 

Lausus,  son  of  Mezentius,  is  slain 
by  Aeneas,  143. 

Lavinia,  or  Lauyne,  daughter  of 
liatinus,  120  ;  sought  in  marriage 


by  Turnus,  145  ;  her  grief  at 
Queen  Amatha's  death,  160; 
Aeneas  wins  her  by  combat  with 
Turnus,  162;  marries  Aeneas, 
163  ;  marries  again  after  the  death 
of  Aeneas,  165. 

Lavinium,  or  Lauyne,  a  town  in 
Latium,  said  to  have  been  founded 
by  Aeneas,  62/i6. 

Lawrence.     See  Laurens. 

Lecture,  sb,  Fr.  Lecture.  A  read- 
ing, 24/21. 

LeefuUy,  adv.  lawfully,  I4/35. 

Legacion,  sb.  message  sent  by  an 
ambassador.  F.  Legation.  An 
embassage. — C.  17/3^. 

Lette,  vb.  t.  let,  hinder,  I8/26,  38/ 
13,  123/22. 

Libya  reached  by  Dido,  30 ;  Ae- 
neas's  fleet  wrecked  on  the  coast, 
40. 

Licyte,  adj.  licit.  Fr.  Licite.  Law- 
full,  allowable.— C.  70/5,  97/iS. 

Lieuer,  adv.  rather,  28/i,  86/23. 

Loange,  sb.  0.  Fr.  Loage ;  Loiiangc. 
Laud,  praise,  commendation ;  glo- 
rie,  fame.— C.  86/22,  37/5;  loeuge, 
82/32  ;  loeuynge,  64/22. 

Lombard}',  162,  165. 

Loos,  sb.  honour,  86/20.  Los,  s.  m. 
louange,  honncur,  rejMitation. — G. 

Lothlynes,  sh.  loathlinoss,  ill  will, 
estrangement,  30/32 ;  lothlinesse, 
loathsomeness,  49/31. 

Lnbrik,  adj.  Fr.  Lvbriqiie.  Lu- 
bricke,  slipperie  ;  doceitfull,  vn- 
certaine  ;  leclierous,  lasciuious. — 
C.  .32/19.     Lubryke,  86/29,  •'^7/1 5. 

Lyberal,  aJj.  L  arbytre,  free  will, 
44/20. 

Lybidynous,  adj.  lustful,  86/33. 

Lycia,  69/27. 

Lyght,  of  lyglit,  ?  lightly,  easily, 
45/6. 

Lygnage,  sb.  lineage.  0.  Fr.  Lig- 
nage.    A  linage,  progeiiie,  stocke. 

-C.  24/35. 

Lvgnee,  sb.  lineage,  29/i8;    lynee, 
"58/33,  68/29,  127/1 1.     Fr.  Lignc'e. 
Lyuered,  jq).  delivered,  72/22.      Fr. 
Livrer. 

I\laculate,  sb.  sjjot,  stain,  IO2/9. 
Maculate,  vb.  t,  stain,  86/25  !  PP-  20/ 
X  2 


180 


INDEX. 


1 8.    Ln.t.  Mncvlarc.    Fr.  3Iaculer. 

To  spot,  blol  ;  lileniish,  beray. — 

C. 
Macule,  sb.  spot,  mark,  blot  (physi- 
cally), 113/1.     Fr.  Macule. 
Maj^icienne,  sb.  she-magician.     Fr, 

88/23. 
Magiiyfycatly,  adv.   magnificently, 

12/19. 
Magnyfyque,     adj.    magnific.      Fr. 

Magnijique.    Magnilicent,  haugh- 

tie, 'loftie.— C.  '25/i2,  6U/4. 
Magre,  miiugre,  in  spite  of,  against 

will  of,  108/7.    l).  Fr.  Maugre. 
Magystracyon,  sb.  mastership,  rule, 

connnand,  ll/i2. 
Malencolyonse,     adj.    melancholy, 

8O/27.     0.  Fr.  Alelancolieiis. 
Maleurouse,   adj.    unhappy,    unfor- 
tunate,   15/26.     Fr.  Mallieurcux. 

0.  Fr.  Maleiiros,  Maleurevs. 
Marbryne,  adj.   marble,  of  marble, 

74/10.     0.  Fr.  Marbrin. 
March,     sb.     border,     84/26.       Fr. 

Marche.     A    region,     coast,     or 

quarter  ;  nlso,  a  march,  froutire, 

or  border  of  a  countrey. — C. 
Maronner,   sb.    mariner,    29/2.      0. 

Fr.  Maronier, — onuier. 
Marj',  sb.  marrow,  41/ 17. 
Mason,  vb.    t.  lay  masonry,   build, 

49/27.  Fr.  Magonner. 
Mastresse,  sb.  mistress,  46/33,  99/3- 

0.  Fr.  Maistresse. 
Mate,  adj.  sad.     Fr.   Mat.  Beaded, 

mated,     aniated,     overcome. — C. 

15/6. 
Maundemente,  sb.  charge,  order,  70/ 

28.     Fr.  Mandenicnt. 
Maynage,  sb.  household,  29/22.     O. 

Fr.  Ma'mage. 
Mayntene,  sb.  carriage,  deportment, 

demeanour,  26/30.    Fr.  Maintun. 
Medle,   vb.   t.  meddle,   mix,    50/24, 

11 8/27.     0.  Fr.  Medler. 
Medlee,    sb.   medly,    mel^e,    flight, 

41/34,  128/29.     0.  Fr.  Medlee. 
Medlynge,  sb.    meddling,  interfer- 
ence, 41/32. 
Megere,    or    Megaara,    one    of   the 

Furies,  8I/31.     Fr.  Megere. 
Memore,  sb.  memory,    102/12.      O. 

Fr.  Memore.     Mod.  Fr.  Memoirc. 
Menaige,  s6.  household,  vassals,  31/ 


34 ;    meynage,    29/14.       0.    Fr. 
Menaige. 
Menestus  and   Segestus,   or  Mnes- 

theus  and  Sergestus,  133.     They 

are  called  Nestor  and  Sergeste  on 

page  65. 
Mercurj^  sent  by  Jupiter  to  Aeneas, 

61  ;  is  described,  62  ;  is  nephe\Y 

to  Atlas,  63  ;  appears  in  a  dream 

to  Aeneas,  93. 
Meruelogus,  adj.  marvellous,  21 /32. 
Mesapus,  King  of  Etruria,  133,  138, 

151. 
Meschaunte,  adj.  wretched,  miser- 
able, 15/35.     0.  Fr.  Meschant. 
Meschyne,  sb.  f.  wretch,  caitiff,  58/ 

29.     0.   F.   Meschin.     Mod.    Fr. 

Mesquin, — ne. 
Messager,  sb.  Fr.  Messager.    A  mes- 
senger, 27/22,  71/19. 
Mesure,  sb.  measure,  control,  44/34. 

Fr.  Mesiire. 
Meyne,    sb.   attendants,  29/ii.     O. 

Fr.  Mesnie'e,  Meyne. 
Mezentius,  King  of  the  Tyrrhenians, 

slays     many    Trojans,    142  ;    is 

killed  by  Aeneas,  144. 
Mezentius  of  Sicily,  163. 
Minerva,  118. 
Minos,   King   of  Crete,    116 ;    has 

tribute   of   youths   and   maidens 

from    Aegeus,     117  ;    imprisons 

Daedalus,  119. 
Minotaur,  story  of  Theseus  and,  117. 
Mobyle,  adj.  mobile,  movable,  nn- 

lixed,  71/3,  103/35.     I''i'-  Mobile. 
Mobylite,   sb.    mobility,   power    to 

stir,  57/12.     Fr.  Mobilite. 
Moche,  adv.  nmch,  very,  88/15,  ^0/ 

19,  21. 
Mocke,  sb.  mock,  mockery,  57/29. 

0.  Fr.  3fo(p(e,mocque. 
Moeuable,  adj.  movable,  46/6.     0, 

Fr.  Moevable. 
Moeue,  vb.  t.  move,  33/5,  44/ 15.    0. 

Fr.  Moevre. 
Moeuynge,  moving,  motion,  20/2g. 
Molet^te,  sb.  molest,  molestation,  50/ 

24.     0.  Fr.  Moleste. 
Molyfye   vb.    t.    Fr.    MoUificr.     To 

mollifie,    soften,    supple  ;    make 

gentle. — C.  42/ 17  ;  make  soft,  or 

muddy,  69/24. 
Mondayn,   adj.  mundane,  worldly, 


INDEX. 


181 


79/2  ;  mondaj^ne,  IO/4.    Fr.  Mon- 

dain. 
Montycle,  sb.  Monticule.  A  hillocke, 

a   small     hill.— C.     13/4,   21 /23; 

niountycle,  17/ 10. 
Mortyfied,  pp.  made  dead  or  sense- 
less,  IO6/18.      0.    F.    Mortefier, 

m&i-tifier. 
I\Iow,  vb.  int.  be  able,  98/2  ;  mowe, 

35/27,  45/6,  II. 
liloyen,  sb.  Fr.  Moyen.    A  meane  ; 

course,  way  ;   a  meanes. — C.  19/ 

33,  25/28  ;  moyens,  4O/9. 
Murtj'Uers  oornyllers,  I7/15.     Cor- 

nillier.     The  long   cheriie,   wild 

cherrie,  or  Cornill  tree. — C. 
Musitaynes,  or  Momydes  (Nomades, 

Numidians),  32/25. 
Myrifyke,  adj.    mirific,  wonderful, 

37/7  ;  myryfyke,  24/32.  Fr.  Aliri- 

Jique.     Strangely  wrought. — C. 
Myrondes,  44/33,  ^^/6- 
Myscheife,    sb.    mischief,    mishap, 

99/32.     0.  Fr.  Meschlef. 
Myscheue,   vb.  t.   mischief,    injure, 

94/31. 
Mysell,  rayne  mysell,  mizzling  rain, 

55/34. 
Myserycorde,  sb.  mercy,  97/32.    Fr. 

Mis^ricorde. 
Myssaj'e,  vb.  t.  missay,  slander,  23/2, 
Mystike,  adj.  mystic,  holy,''37/i7. 
Mystre,  i'&.  V  matter,  concern,  62/13. 

Naufraged,  pp.  shipwrecked,  66/34, 

72/ ly.     Fr.  Naufrag^. 
Nauye,  sb.  navy,  fleet,  27/31,  39/ 12. 

0.  Fr.  Navie. 
Nauyre,    sb.    navire,    fleet,    3O/25. 

0,  Fr.  Navire, 
Nayssaunce,     sb.      Fr,     Naissaiice. 

Birth,  27/1. 
Nedefull,  adj.  needful,  necessitous, 

100/ II. 
Nephande,  adj.  infamous,  accursed, 

26/6,  32/4.    U.  Fr.  Nephamle. 
Neptune,  38  ;  raises  a  storm  against 

Aeneas's  fleet,  39  ;  helps  to  build 

Troy,  91. 
Nestor,   or  Mnestheus,  65/i2.     See 

Menestus. 
Neweli,  adv.  newly,  lately,  4I/13. 
Nisus   and    Euryalus,    account    of 

them,  133—138. 


Nocible,  adj.  hurtful,  49/7. 

Norryture,  sb.  Nurture,  nourishment, 
85/11.  O.  Fr.  Nm-riture.  Mod. 
Fr,  Nmirriture. 

Noryce,  sb,  0,  Fr.  Norrice,  mod. 
Fr.  Nourrice,  nurse,  78/27. 

Nuysaunce.  sb.  Fr.  Nuisance.  Nui- 
sance, hurt,  offence,  annoyance, 
harme,  dammage. — V.  2.3/i. 

Nuj'sible,  adj.  Fr.  Nuisible,  Hurtful, 
76/33,  «9/34. 

Nyuyse,  goddess  of  fountains,  59/ 
16. 

Obeyssaunt,   adj.    obedient,   34/34, 

Fr.  Obe'issant. 
Obfusked,  pp.  offuscated,  obscured, 

41/15.    0.  Yv.  Objmqa^.   Mod,  Fr. 

Offusqiie. 
Obgfctyf,  adj.  objective,  104/2.    Fr. 

Objectif. 
Oblishe,  vb.  ?  abolisii,  86/30. 
Obn)ysse,  vb.  omit,  110/ 36. 
Obprobre,  sb.  Opprobre,  a  reproach. 

— C.  76/36.     0.  Fr.  Obpn-obre. 
Obsiquyes,   sb.    obsorpiies,    funeral 

rites,  21/12.    0.  Fr.  Obsequie. 
Occision,  sb.  Fr.  Occision.    An  occi- 

sion,     killing,     slaying ;     also    a 

murther,  or  slaughter. — C.  I4I/4. 

Occysion,  13/i2,  83/ii  ;  ocsicion, 

105/32. 
Oore,  sb,  oar,  I6/1  ;  orys,  oars,  95/ 

34. 

Oost,  sb.  host,  91/3,  133/30;  ooste, 
132/28. 

Operydes,  or  Hosporides,  85. 

Opprobre,  sb.  Fr.  Opprobre.  A  re- 
proach ;  a  defamatorie  taunt ;  vp- 
braiding. — C.  96/9. 

Orage,  sb.  Fr.  Orage.  A  storme,  tem- 
pest, orage. — C.  46/i,  52/8. 

Orestes,  tortured  by  Proserpine  for 
slaying  his  mother,  83. 

Orion,  the  constellation,  46/2. 

Ornate,  vb.  t.  adorn,  79/33.  Lat. 
Ortuire,  ornatus. 

Oroysen,  sb.  orison,  prayer,  153/3. 
0.  Fr.  Oroison. 

Oublyaunce,  sb.  0.  Fr.  OubJiancc. 
Obliuion,  furgetfulncsse, — C.  24/ 
24. 

Ouer-run,  vb.  t.  outrun,  55/io. 

Oucrsee,  vh.  t,  look  over  2/2. 


182 


INDEX. 


Ouertake,  j)p.  overtaken,  overcome, 

48/6. 
Oiiltrage,  sb.  outrage,  98/32.     0.  F. 

Oultrage. 
Oiiuerage,  sb.  work,  2O/9  ;  Ouurage, 

13/33,  '^-^/33-     Fr.  Ouin-age. 
Ovid,  8/25. 
Ozon,  a  Trojan,  168/25. 

PaUintyne,  King  of  Arcadia,  I3O/26. 

Palatine,  Mount,  I3O/23. 

Palence,    or     Pallantium,    a     city 

founded  by  Evander  on  the  site 

of  Rome,  I3O/25,  131/i. 
Palencya,    daughter    of    Evander, 

130/28. 
Paliuurus,  master  of  Aeneas's  ship, 

96/15;     falls    into    sea    and    is 

drowned,  116. 
Pallas,   son    of    Evander,    I3O/29 ; 

accompanies  Aeneas,  131  ;    slain 

by  Turnus,  140  ;  his  body  is  sent 

home,  145. 
Palusshe,  sb.  marsh,  42/23. 
Paralesye,  sb.  paralysis,  IIO/2.     Fr. 

Paralysie. 
Pardurable,    adj.    perdurable,    con- 
tinual, perpetual,  59/22,  IOO/29. 

Fr.  Perdurable. 
Parellys,  sb.  perils,  88/20. 
Parent,  sb.  relation,  98/27,  IOO/23. 

Fr.  Parent. 
Parent,  adj.  related  by  birth,  II2/3. 
Pareyll,  sb.  peril,  I48/24. 
Parforce,  vb.    t.    perforce,   compel, 

75/26;    parforse,  7I/25.     O.   Fr. 

Parf order — cer. 
Parfournyshe,  vb.  t.  complete.     Fr. 

Parfournir,      To  performe,  con- 
summate.— C.  62/17. 
Paris,  son  of  Priam,  88/4. 
Parlyamente,  sb.  parley,  conference, 

30/33.     0.  Fr.  Parlement. 
Pasiphiie,  wife  of  Minos,  117. 
Passe,  vb.  int.  pass,  die,  IO8/25. 
Passynge,  sb.  a  passynge,  a  dying, 

159/3.     Comp.  Passing  bell. 
Pastoure,  sb.  pastor,  shepherd,  108/ 

23.     O.  Fr.  Pastorc — toure. 
Patherc,  a  city  in  Lycia,  54/14. 
Patron,  sb.    Fr.  Patron.   The  master 

of  a  ship,  95/6. 
Patrone,  sb.     Fr.  Patron.     Pattern, 

example,  15/2. 


Pauesse,  sb.  pavisse,  or  large  shield 

covering  the  body,   138/20.      O. 

Fr.  Para  is. 
Peas,  sb.  peace,  5O/27  ;  pease,  50/2O. 

0.  Fr.  Pais.     Mod.  Fr.  Paix. 
Pencyf,   adj.   pensive,   thoughtful, 

Fr.  Pensif,  I5/30. 
Pencyfulle,   adj.   pensiful,   pensive, 

48/22. 

Pentheus,  81. 

Perdurable,  adj.  perpetual,  93/2. 
Fr.  Perdurable. 

Perisshe,  vb.  t.  perish,  destroy,  ruin, 
86/26. 

Periuremente,  sb.  perjurement,  per- 
jury, 90/17.     O.  Fr.  Perjurement. 

Permanable,  adj.  Fr.  Permanabie 
Permanent,  constant,  durable, 
82/34. 

Permute,  vb.  t.  change,  72/13.  ^'■• 
Permuter. 

Perpetred,  pp.  perpetrated,  com- 
mitted, 26/7,  37/26.  Fr.  Perpetrer. 

Perturbatyffe,  adj.  perturbative, 
disorderly,  46/7. 

Pestyfere,  adj.  Fr.  Pestifere.  Pesti- 
ferous, pestilent,  deadlie. — C. 
95/27. 

Phoebus  helps  to  build  the  walls  of 
Troy,  91/20. 

Piece,  sb.  armed  at  all  pieces,  fully 
armed,  I4/15. 

Pietous,  adj.  sorrowful,  26/30.  O. 
Fr.  Pitos,  compatissant. — G.  See 
Pyetoiis. 

Pietously,  adv.  sorrowfully,  76/23. 
See  Pietous. 

Pistelles,  sb.  epistles,  120/21. 

Placable,  adj.  ?  appeasing,  appeas- 
able, 87/2. 

Plasmator,  or  Polymeator,  King  of 
Thrace,  receives  Polydorus,  and 
afterwards  jnurders  him  for  his 
money,  12  ,  16,  17,  18. 

Playsaunce,  sb.  pleasure,  enjoj^ment. 
Fr.  Plaisaiice.  Mirth,  sport,  plea- 
sure, festiuitie. — C.  84/29. 

Playsaunte,  adj.  pleasant,  pleasing, 
48/1 1.     Fr.Plaisant. 

Playse,  vb.  t.  please,  88/16. 

Plentyuous,  adj.  V  fertile,  81 /29.  0. 
Fr.  Plentuos,  Plentneiis. — G. 

Polydorus,  son  of  Priam,  sent  away 
during  the  siege  of  Troy,  12 ;  is 


INDEX. 


183 


imudered  by  Plasinator,  or  Poly- 
mestor,  12  ;  Aeneas  sacrifices  on 
his  grave,  17 ;  Polydorus  ad- 
dresses Aeneas  from  his  grave, 
19  ;  his  obsequies,  21. 
Pompouse,  adj.  pompous.  Fr. 
Ponipeux — euse.  Pomjious,  mag- 
nificent, statelie,  sumptuous. — C. 

14/12. 

Poorte,  sh.  gate,  49/i8.     Fr.  Porte. 
Poplesie,  sh.  apoplexy,  llO/i. 
Porte,  sh.  port,  102/2O.     Fr.  Fort. 
Porueyd,p2>-  provided  (of  =^  with), 

21/35  ;  pourueyed,  22/31.     0.  Fr. 

Pourveoir, 
Possede,  vb.  t.  possess,  26/35.     Fr. 

Posseder. 
Poulder,  sb.   powder,   dust,  44/ii. 

0.  Fr.  Pouldre. 
Pounde,  sh.  pond,   hike,  90/i,  103/ 

15- 
Pourfylled,    pp.    purfled.      0.    Fr. 
Pourfihr  d'or.     To  purfle,  tinsell, 
or  cuercast  with  gold  thread,  &c. 

-C.  53/31. 

Pourpre,  adj.  purple,  83/i  ;  purpre, 

82/36.  Fr.  Pourpre. 
Poynt,    Poynte,    sb.   in   poynte,   in 

order,    30/26,    34/24,   54/7;     En 

poind. — C.       Poynte      mortalle, 

point  of  death,  67/36. 
Prenostycature,  sh.  prognostic,  80/ 

31- 

Presagyous,  adj.  presagmg,  fore- 
telling, 8O/30.     Fr.  Presagieux. 

Preste,  arfj.  ready,  53/27.  0.  Fr. 
Prest. 

Prestresse,  sh.  priestess,  66;9,  85/2, 
88/1.     0.  Fr.  Prestresse. 

Preterit,  adj.  preterite,  deceased, 
34/14;  preteryte,  26/31.  0.  Fr. 
Preterit — ite.  Past,  gone,  de- 
parted.— C. 

Preu,  adj.  O.  Fr.  Preux.  Hardie, 
douglitie,  valiant,  full  of  prowesse. 
— C.  44/17,  118/6. 

Priam,  11. 

ProeEse,s6.  prowe.ss,  14.3/30,  I45/14. 

Proferre,  vh.  t.  prefer,  I34/19. 

Proniytte,  vb.  promise,  6I/25,  85/21. 

Propice,  Propyce,  adj.  propitious, 
21/8,  31/19,  33/12,  76/19,  ''^^I^- 
Fr.  Propice. 

Prore,  sh.  prow,  29/7. 


Prosapye.  sb.  stock,  race,  24/36. 
Lat.  Prosapiu. 

Proserpine  tortures  Orestes,  83  ;  her 
power  over  mortals,  109,  110; 
claims  Dido's  soul,  111. 

Proverne,  or  Privernum,  a  Volseian 
town,  and  capital  of  King  JNIeta- 
pus,  129/34. 

Proye,  sb.  prey,  booty,  145/ 12.  Fr. 
Proie. 

Prune  vb.  t.  pick  feathers  (of  a 
Ijird),  63/22. 

Pr3-meface,  of  p.  ^=  Fr.  De  j'rlme- 
face.  At  the  first,  at  first  sight. 
— C.  56/7. 

Pryuated,  pj).  depriued,  85/35,  ^^1 
28. 

Pryue,  adj.  privy,  private,  belong- 
ing to  the  family,  35/ 1 1,  73/31. 

Prvue,  vh.  t.  privc,  deprive,  Fr. 
Pm-er,  70/18  ;  i>iJ.  I9/5. 

Pucelle,  sb.  maiden,  Fr.,  121^5, 
146/5. 

Pudeyriue,  adj.  Fr.  Pudiquc. 
Chast,  pure,  modest. — C.  32/35  ! 
pudike,  37/17  ;  pndyke,  36/25. 

Puylle,  Apulia,  147/1. 

Puyssaut,  adj.  puissant,  powerful, 
10/19. 

Puyssaunce,  sb.  power,  might,  I9/4. 

Pyetous,  adj.  wretched,  piteous, 
sorrowful,  I3/25,  15/20,  29/ 1,  35/ 
10,  36/1 1,  8O/16;  pyetouse,  piti- 
ful, merciful,  73/19.    See  PietoKs. 

Pyetously,  adv.  lamentably,  sorrow- 
fully, 107/14. 

Pygmalion,  King  of  Phoenicia,  and 
Dido's  brother,  succeeds  Belus, 
25 ;  murders  Acerbas,  or  Sychajus, 
his  brother-in-law,  25 ;  45/8,  81/ 
20. 

Pylades,  83/22. 

Pynacle,  sh.  Fr.  Piacle.  Lat. 
Piacidum.  Propitiator}'  sacrifice, 
103/9:   ? confusion  with  p(tna. 

Pysmcr,  sh.  pismire,  ant,  74/29. 

Quake,  vb.  t.  shake,  make  fearful, 
80/ 1 6. 

Quarellouse,  adj.  querulous,  8O/9. 
Fr.  Querelleux. 

Quareyll,  sb.  quarrel,  bolt  for  cross- 
bow, 158/ 10. 

Qiiarfuur,  sh.    public    place,  88/14. 


184 


INDEX, 


0.  Fr.  Qiiarrefour.  Tlic  place 
in  a  tow  lie  whereat  four  streets 
meet  ahead.  Par  tuiis  les  quar- 
refours  de.  Throughout  all  the 
four  Quarters,  corners,  or  streets 
of.— G. 
Qiieyntli,  adv.  quaintly,  elegantly, 
politely,  40/15. 

Rageouse,  adj.  raging,  8I/26.     Fr. 

iUigeux. 
RaysoD,  sb.  reason,  cause,  33/4,  46/ 

II.     Fr.  Raison. 
'Rchonte,vb.  #.  rebut.     Fr.  Bebouter. 

To  repulse,  driue  backe,  repell. — 

c.  40/32. 

Reclose,  vb.  t.  shut  up,  confine,  92/ 

27. 
Reconifort,  sb.  refreshment,  cheer, 

68/21,   84/i6;    recoinforte,    79/3. 

Fr.  Reconfort. 
Recordaunce,  sb.  care,  heed,  6I/22  ; 

mindfulness,  9O/31. 
Recountre,  vb.   t.    encounter,   meet 

as  an  enemy,  39/7,  55/ 13,  99/21. 

Fr.  Bencontrer. 
Recuel,  sb.      Ft.  Becueil.     A  wel- 
come, or  intertainment. — C.  66/ 

30- 

Recuyelle,  vb.  t.  receive,  39/30  ;  re- 
cule,  entertain,  40/ii.  0.  Fr. 
Becueiller. 

Reed,  adj.  red,  21/i6. 

RefFuse,  sb.  refusal,  35/28.   Fr.  Befus. 

Reforced,  ^p.  made  stronger,  66/19. 

Refute,  sb.  respite,  8I/24.  Comp. 
Befutare.     Rem  diraittere. — Du- 

CANGE. 
Related,  jjp.  carried  down,  78/14. 
Releuement,  sb.  relief.     0.  Fr.  Be- 

levcmetit.     A  raising,  lifting  vp  ; 

releeuing,  reuiuing,  restoring. — 

c.  113/26. 

Remyse,  vb.  t.  set   again,   replace, 

39/30,  92/30,  94/33. 
Rendre,  vb.   t.  -render,   deliver,  set 

free,  37/ 16.     Fr.  Bendre. 
Renomed,    adj.    renowned,     ll/i  ; 

renonmied,     4/31,     44/17.       ^^• 

Benomrn^. 
Renomme,   sb.,  renown,   50/ 1  ;    re- 

nonunee,  24/io,  37/6,  57/ll.     Fr. 

Benomme'e. 
Rent,  vb.  t.  tear  asunder,  76/33. 


Renues,  sb.  revenues,  77/28. 
Replenysshed,  adj.  full,  42/36,  81 /5. 
Repreue,  vb.  t.  reprove,  33/19. 
Repulse,  vb.  t.  repulse  ayenst,  rebuff, 

repel,  44/21. 
Resolysitude,  sb.  fresh  anxiety,  92/ 

31- 

Resplendysshannt,  adj.     0.  Fr.  Be- 

splendissant.     Resplendent,  sliin- 

ing,  glistering,  radiant. — C.  37/3. 
Resplendysshe,  vb.  int.     0.  Fr.  Be- 

splendir.        To     shine,     glitter, 

streame,  blaze. — C.  32/7. 
Retoh,  sb.  ratch,  or  running  hound, 

53/16. 
Retoume,  vb.  t.  turn,  change,  97/32. 

Fr.  Betourner. 
Retry  bue,    vb.    t.      Fr.    Retribuer. 

Requite,  recompence,  reward. — C 

89/25. 
Reuerte,  vb.  t.  turn  back,  restore, 

43/5. 
Reutlie,  sb.  sorrow,  44/4  j    rewthes, 

66/23. 
Reygne,s6.  reign,  kingdom.    0.  Fr. 

Begne.     A  realme. — C.  125/20. 
Reyny,  adj.  rainy,_  56/30. 
Rej'se,  r6.  int.  raise,  be  enhanced, 

32/25. 
Reysynge,  xb.  raising,  starting  from 

lair,  53/14. 
Rightwisues,      sb.      righteousness, 

justice,  6O/13. 
Roche,  sb.  rock,  63/20,  73/21.     Fr. 

Roche. 
Roddy,  adj.  ruddy,  II2/29. 
Romulus  and  his  successors,  121. 
Roome,  Rome,  82/27. 
Royalme,   sb.    reahn,    I6/2,    20/6  ; 

royame,  25/7.     0-  Fr.  Boyaulme. 
Rudesse,  sb.  roughness,  force,  139/i. 

Fr.  Budesse. 
Rychesses,  sb.  riches,   25/20.      Fr. 

Bichesse. 
Ryuage,   sb.    shore,    strand,    I2/33, 

29/26,  102/20.     Fr.  Bivage. 
Ryuele,  sb.  wrinkle,  IIO/29. 

Sacraire,  sb.     0.  Fr.  Sacraire.     A 

priuate  chappell,  or  oratorio.— C. 

79/29.   Saorayre,  8O/2  ;  sacraryes, 

59/20. 
Sacryfye,   vb.    t.    sacrify,   sacrifice, 

87/II.     Fr.  Sacnjicr. 


INDEX. 


185 


Sacyate,  pp.  satiate,  satiated,  66/34. 
Sadde,  adj.  settled,  sober,  II3/13. 
Saliie,   vb.   t.   salute,    124/12.      Fr. 

Saluer. 
Sangwynouse,  adj.  bloody,  IO.3/36. 
Sapyn-tree,  fir-tree,  68/7.    Fr.  Sajjin. 
Surestum.     See  Sergestus. 
Sawte,  s6.  assault,  188/17. 
Sawtyng,  sh.  assaulting,  I6I/35. 
Scuine,  sb.  scum,  foam,  68/29. 
Seassyng,    sb.    ceasing,    cessation, 

124/33. 

Seceo,  57/24. 

Secbe,  vb.  t.  seek,  23/4. 

Secondying,  sb.  secondine,  or  after- 
birth ;  the  skin  that  envelops  the 
foetus  before  birth,  89/5, 

Seduct,  vb.  t.  seduce,  97/14. 

fSeductor,  sb.  seducer,  6O/30. 

Semblable,  adj.  semblably,  in  like 
manner,  64/i8,  78/i6.  Fr.  Sem- 
blable. 

Separe,  vb.  t.  separate,  42/32,  44/9. 
Fr.  Separer. 

Sepulture,  sb.  burial-place,  II4/29. 

Sequele,  sb.  0.  Fr.  Sequele.  A 
great  man's  train  or  followers, 
22/12,39/11. 

Sergestus,  a  Trojan,  66/12,  160. 

Seruage,  sb.  Fr.  Sewage.  Serui- 
tude,  slauerie,  bondage,  thrall- 
dome.— C.  102/1,  117/33. 

Sej'guorie,  sb.  Fr.  Seigneiirie. 
Seignorie,  lordship  ;  Lordship,  or 
Mannor.— C.  35/ 1. 

Shwed,  sewed,  I43/25. 

Siege,  sb.  seat,  abode,  37/8.  Fr.  Sk'ge. 

Simois,  a  port  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Simois,  near  Troy,  16/30. 

Simulatyue,  adj.  simulative,  simu- 
lated, feigned,  77/i6. 

Skelton,  John,  Poet  Laureate,  8/34. 

Slyped,pp.  ?  sharpened,  IO7/23. 

Slypper,  adj.  slipper,  slippery,  in- 
constant, 32/18,  86/29. 

Socourable,  adj.  Fr.  Secourablc. 
Succouring,  helpful!  ;  ready  or 
willing  to  releeue. — C.  12/ii,  116/ 
II. 

Solenipnelle,  adj.  solemn,  6O/5. 

Solitiire,  adj.  lonely,  8O/21.  Fr. 
Solitaire. 

Somme,  sb.  in  a  somme,  sum,  or 
body,  idl  at  oticc,  O7/25. 


Somtyme,  adj.  once,  former,  27/14. 
Sonde,  sb.  sand,  I8/29. 
Sortc,  sb.    Fr.  Sort.    iJestiny,  72/29. 
Soubdaynelj',  adv.  suddenly,  55!^;^. 

0.  Fr.  Soubdain. 
Sourge,  sb.  surge,  I8/9,  26/2, 
Souuenaunce,  sb.      Fr,  Souvenance. 

Memorie,   remembrance. — C,   24/ 

20. 
Spece,  sb.     Fr.  Espece,  kind,  79/ 18. 
Sperkell,  sb.  sparkle,  spark,  43/20. 
Stellyferaunt,  adj.  stelliferous,   96/ 

26. 
Styge,  the  Styx,  river  in  hell,  103/ 

14. 
Stygian  Gate  of  Troy  alone  left,  13. 
Stypende,   vb.  t.   pay,   88/26.      Fr. 

Stipendier. 
Stytches,  sb.  stitches,  running  pains, 

110/2. 
Subcombe,  vh.  int.  succumb,  give 

way,  yield,  81 /7. 
Subcombed,^)/)'  ^^  whom  they  were 

subcombed,  V  among  whom  they 

were  in  servitude,  80/34. 
Subgeit,  adj.  subject,  62/5  ;  subget, 

sb.   4/28  ;    subgette,    adj.    II/27, 

34/34.     0.  Fr.  Sid)jet. 
Submyse,   vb.    int.    submit,    86/24. 

Comp.  0.  Fr.  Soubmis. 
Subsiduous,    adj.    aiding,   helping, 

71/29. 
Suffokc,  vb.  f.  suffocate,  drown,  77/ 

23.     Fr.  Svffoquer. 
SufiEounge,  vb.  t.  suffumigate,  87/26. 

Comp.    Snffjimigatiori,.      A    suf- 

fumigation. — C. 
Suffretous,   adj.      Fr,    Souffretetix. 

Wretched,  I3/27,  I9/24, 
Suppost,  sb.  suppost  indicatyf,  ?  the 

demonstrative  subsidiary  organs, 

opposed    to     the    cogitative    or 

reasoning  ones,  giving  action  to 

the  latter,  IO4/5.    0.  Fr,  Suppost, 

Snppot. 
Suppryme,  vb.    t.   suppress,   48/19. 

Fr.  Supprimer. 
Sychicus.     See  Acerbas. 
Sylvius  Postumus,  half-brother   to 

Ascanius,  164,  1G5. 
Synnihic-re,  sb.  statue.    0.  Fr.  Siviu- 

lachre.      Figure,    semblance,  re- 
semblance.— c.  47/9. 
Syn,  adv.  afterwards,  68/20,  144/i8. 


186 


INDEX. 


Synacle,  s6.  ?  for  rynack  (see  tluit 

word),  21/33. 
Synagoge,    sb.    place    of    worship, 

46/28. 
Syncopyse,  rb.  int.  faint,  26/35. 
Synystre,    adj.    sinister,    unlucky, 

33/22,  35/26.     Fr.  Sinistre. 
Sythera  slain  by  Aeneas,  140/8. 

Takled,|)jx  rigged,  93/31. 
Talowed,  j)j).  tallowed,  74/21  :    to 

make  the  ships  tight. 
Taniyse,  river  Thames,   2/27.     Fr. 

Tamise. 
Tapysserye,  sb.  tapestry,  48/23,  60/ 

3.     Fr.  Tap'isserie. 
Tapyte,  s6.  carpet,  4I/30. 
Tarcays,  sb.  Turquoise,  54/i. 
Tarquinius  Priscus,  121. 
Tarye,  vh.  t.  cause  to  tarry,  stop, 

49/11,  86/30. 
Taynture,  sb.     0.  Fr.  Tehicture.     A 

tincture,  dying,  staining,  colour- 

ing.-C.  24/29.  . 

Teeth,  sb.  jags,  or  irregularities  m 

stones  for  building,  49/26. 
Tenebres,  sb.  0.  Fr.  Tenebres.  Dark- 

nesse,  obscuritie. — C.  14/i4,  97/i. 
Tenebrose,   adj.   dark,    53/6.      Fr. 

Tenebreux. 
Tenebrosite,  sb.  darkness,  IS/iy. 
Termyne,  vb.  t.  finish,  36/30.     Fr. 

Tei^miner. 
Terys,  s6.  tears,  75/13. 
Testymonage,    sb.   testimony,   evi- 
dence, witness,  63/2,  73/9. 
Thalamus,  King  of  Arcadia,  130/ 18. 
Thebes,  82/9  ;    meaning  Thebes  in 

Egypt,  and  the  Greek  Thebes. 
Theseus  kills  the  Minotaur,  119. 
Thesypho,  or  Tisipho,  one  of  the 

Furies,  8I/31. 
Thetys,  nephew  of  Aeneas,  II6/30. 
Tholomeus,  or  Tolumnius,  167. 
Thrace,  16,  22. 
Thyas,  66/9.     Gr.  Thuias,  inspired 

or  mad  priestess. 
Thyrayn,  adj.  Tyrian,  of  Tyre,  33//. 
Titan,  the  sun,  96/31. 
Tocomynge,  adj.  future,  4/21. 
Tofore,pre2}.  before,  I6/19  ;  to-fore, 

adv.  before,  24/i. 
To-gyder,  together,  36/7. 
Tonyre,  or  Tiber,  I2O/26,  I3O/24. 


Torne,  vb.  int.  turn,  36/27. 
Tourinent,   sh.    torment,    agitation, 

96/2. 
Tourment,  tb.  t.    torment,  agitate, 

75/17. 
Tourne,  sh.  tourney,  132/ 19.    0.  Fr. 

Tournei. 
Transmyse,  vb.  t.  transmit,  52/2. 
Traueylled,    pp.    travelled,     tired, 

86/19. 
Traytice.  adj.  narrow,  like  a  line, 

pencilled,  II2/24  ;  Traytyse,  112/ 

36.     0.  Fr.  Traictis.     'Her  nose 

tretys.'      Chaucer,    Prol.    Cant 

Tales,  152. 
Tremoure,  sb.  tremor,  quaking,  60/ 

9- 

Triews,  sb.  truce,  IOO/2 ;  tryewes, 
145/20 ;  tryews.  truce,  respite, 
90/5.     0.  Fr.  Tnies. 

Trist,  adj.  sad,  IO3/24 ;  tryst,  84/5, 
92/6  ;  tryste,  69/33.     Fr.  Triste. 

Troy,  said  to  have  been  built  by 
Priam,  11;  destroyed  by  the 
Greeks,  13  ;  New  Troy,  or  Acesta, 
115. 

Trystesse,  sb.  sadness,  8O/28,  90/ 13. 
Fr.  Tristesse. 

Tuliy,  or  Cicero  :  his  Epistles  trans- 
lated by  John  Skelton,  4/6. 

Tulyola,  an  island  (called  also 
Enlyola),  II6/29. 

Turbacion,  »h.  Fr.  Turbation.  A 
trouble,  or  troubling  ;  a  disturb- 
ance, molestatiun,  disquieting. — 

c.  92/32. 

Turnus,  King  of  the  Rutulians, 
courts  Lavinia,  121  ;  son  of  King 
Darynus,  or  Daunus,  126  ;  wrath 
at  Aeneas,  127 ;  attacks  Ascanius, 
and  loses  his  son,  128  :  begins 
war  against  Aeneas,  129 ;  lays 
siege  to  Aeneas's  camp,  132 ; 
slays  Pallas,  140  ;  is  deceived  by 
an  apparition,  141  ;  has  alter- 
cation with  Drances,  149  ;  aids 
in  defence  of  Laurentum,  150  ; 
proposes  single  combat  with 
Aeneas,  154  ;  makes  covenant 
about  the  duel,  156  ;  makes  havoc 
among  the  Trojans,  168 ;  fights 
Aeneas,  and  is  slain,  162. 

Tuscany,  I29/33. 

Tutryce,  d).  guardian.     Fr.  Tutrice. 


187 


A  tutrix,  or  tuteresse ;  a  gardian- 

esee. — C.  85/5- 
Tymorj-site,    sb.    timorosity,    fear, 

20/29. 
Tyre,  25/8,  92/15. 
Tyrians,  33//,  66/13,  81/ 18. 
Tytan,  the  sun,  96/31. 

Ualle,  sb.  valley,  I29/33. 
Uerj',  adj.  very,  true,  37/ 18.     Fr. 
Vrai. 

Vacabonde,  adj.  vagabond,  wander- 
ing, 15/28.     0.  Fr.  Vacabon. 

Vagaunt,  adj.  vagrant,  wandering, 
with  no  settled  habitation,  45/2, 
8I/10. 

Vaillyarityse,  sb.  valiance,  bravery. 
0.  Fr.  Vaillantise.    Valiantnesse. 

— c.  22/32. 

Valyde,  vb.  t.  vouch  for,  corroborate, 
65/6. 

Vassaylle,  sb.  vessel,  39/15. 

Vaticynaunte,  adj.  vaticinant,  29/ 1 1. 

Vegytalle,  adj.  vegetal.  Fr.  Vege- 
tal. Vegetal,  hauing  or  giuiug  a 
(plant-like)  life.— C.   19/ 10. 

Vengable,  adj.  vengeful,  153/6. 

Vengeresse,  sb.  f.  Fr.  Vengeresse. 
Female  avenger,  99/7. 

Venus  and  Juno  debate  about  the 
marriage  of  Aeneas  and  Dido,  50. 

Vernylus,  or  Venulus,  returns  to 
King  Latinus  from  an  embassy, 
146. 

Verytable,  adv.  veritably,  41/i8. 

Vierge,  sb.  virgin,  88/22.    Fr.  Vierge. 

Vilete,  sb.  vility,  abasement,  dis- 
grace, IO8/11.     Fr.  Vilete. 

Virgil,  23/16. 

Viryle,  adj.  virile,  manly,  86/20. 
Fr.  Vlril. 

Vitupere,  sb.  Vitupere.  Dispraise, 
disparagement,  reprehension, 
blame. — C.  IOO/5  ;  vytupere,  77/i. 

Vitupere,  vb.  t.  disparage,  revile, 
105/18.     Fr.  Vitujjerer. 

Vltryce,  sb.  f.  female  avenger,  99/7. 

Vlulatiue,  adj.  howling,  yelling, 
99/4. 

Vncnryously,  adv.  carelessly,  I5/4. 

Vndresette,  vb.  t.  set  under,  put  as 
prop,  give  as  voucher,  44/20. 

Vnnde,  sb.  wave,  I5/31.     Fr.  Onde. 


Vimeth,  adv.  scarcely,  24/8. 

Voluntee,  sb.  will,  I9/23.  Fr. 
Volonte'. 

Voluptee,  sb.  pleasure,  43/26.  Fr. 
Volnpte'. 

Vorage,  sb.  Vorage.  A  gulfe,  whirle- 
poole.— C.  39/18. 

Voraygeouse,  adj.  whirling,  67/6. 
Fr.  Vorageux. 

Voyde,  vb.  t.  voyde  oute,  send  out, 
102/27.  , 

Vplondyssn,  adj.  uplandish,  out- 
landish, 3/15. 

Vyceta,  mother  of  Evander,  130/2O. 

Waraunt,  sb.  safety,  139/ 14. 

Wawe,  sb.  wave,  I5/31,  I6/1,  39/19. 

Weddre,  sb.  weather,  strong  weddre, 
stormy  weather,  114/ 18  ;  wedre, 
56/30. 

Weddrynge,  sb.  storm,  6O/9 ;  wed- 
rynge,  52/17,  55/32. 

Weder,  sb.  wether  sheep,  46/30. 

Wele,  sb.  weal,  welfare,  2H/2I  ; 
comvn  wele,  common  weal,  33/27. 

What  '=  why,  155/2. 

Wodnesse,  sb.  woodness,  madness, 
111/18:  woodnes,  28/17. 

Woode,  adj.  mad,  angry,  39/23. 

Wyage,  sb.  voyage,  70/8. 

VVydowhed,  sb.  widowhood,  82/36. 

Wyke,  sb.  week,  26/26. 

Wyllynge  accomplysshe,  determin- 
ing to  bring  about,  55/i8. 

Wythout  to,  70/32,  36. 

Yarbas,  or  larbas.  King  of  the 
Gajtulse,  is  angry  at  the  reports 
about  Dido  and  Aeneas,  59  ;  com- 
plains to  Jupiter  that  Dido  has 
rejected  his  love,  60. 

Yate,  sb.  gate,  13/28,  4I/31. 

Yde,  Ide,  or  Ida,  a  mountain  and 
forest  near  Troy,  I5/33. 

Yefte,  sb.  gift,  41/21,  11 2/ 17. 

Yeue,  vb.  t.  give,  41/22. 

Vocked,  pyA  yoked,  89/36. 

Yolus,  or  lulus,  l/ii,  I4/33.  See 
Iidus. 

Yolus,  or  Aeolus,  88/14,  39/8.  See 
Aevlns.    ■ 

Yongthc,  sb.  youth,  29/i6,  48/9. 

Ytcratyue,  adj.  iterative,  repeated, 
35/13. 


188 


COLLATION   WITH    Mr.  ALFRED    H.   HUTH'S 
COPY  OF   THE  FRENCH  ORIGINAL,  1483, 

By  F.  J.  FURNIVALL. 


Page  &  line 

10/6  Eneydos]  esneydes 

10/8  many]  jnonlt  de 

10/22  opene]  ct  ouurir 

10/23-4  It  behoueth]  Fault 

10/25  thexcellentest]  lexcellcnca 

11/3    stocke   of  Dardanns]    souche   de 

Dardanns 
11/4  Electra]  Clectra 
11/6-8  of  kynges,  And  tlie  sayd  Troye, 

was  enuyronned  in  fourme  of  siege  / 

and     of    excidyon,    by    Agamenon, 

kynge  in  grace]  desroysfut  emiironnce 

en  forme  de  siege  et  de  occidion  par 

Agamenon  gregois 
11/11  princes  k  grekes]  princes  grcgeois 
11/13  thexcersite  and  boost]  lexcersite 

et  ost 
11/16  reno7?mied]  rommce 
11/20  god]  les  dieux.      emprysed]  en- 

treprins 
11/25-6  To  that  one  encreacynge]  aux 

vngz  en  leur  acroissant 
11/27  to  that  other]  aiix  aultrcs 
11/32  Pryame  thenne  \vyll  teshewe  & 

helps  for  thynges]  Priame  du7icqnes 

voulant  subtcenir  aux  choscs 
12/1  were  ouerthrowen  fro  his  name] 

precepitassent   de  son  nom  premier. 

(In  12/2  Caxton  makes  premier  an 

adverb  to  scpara,  he  dyd  do  departe.) 
12/4  In  hopynge]  Esperant 
12/6  wyth  a  grete]  en  grant 
12/7-8  stronge   corage,   wyth   rychesse 

ynough]  force  courageuse.  en  richesse 

copicuse 
12/9  tresour  and  lewellis]  ct  mise  en 

ioyaulx 
12/10  e.n(hxxYiig\  pendarU 


Page  &  line 

12/11  riglrt  socourable]  ami  tresecour- 

able 
12/16  chan?igyng]  mua 
12/17  endured]  so?K??!ce 
12/27-8  and  the  saydtroians  myserable 

semed  better  to  lose]  Et  sembloient 

mieiclx  lesdictz  troians  miserahles 
12/31  mynde]  ^eresce 
12/35  ill  whiche]  auquel 
12/36  whiche  he  bare]  qtoil  a^wit  parte 
13/1  so  traytoursly]  traicieicsement 
13/4  a   lityl  hille   or    montycle]    vng 

petit  viont. 
13/9-10  the  force  and  strengths  of  the 

troyians]  la  force  troyamie 
13/12  lityl  damage  and  hurte]  pcu  de 

dommaige 
13/15  broylled    and     brente]    arse    et 

brulee 
13/18  the    place  hadde  enbraced  and 

yssued  oute]  da  lieu  cmbrase  yssoit 
IZJK)  wythholden]  rcselle 
13/21  to  enliimyne]  enluminerent 
13/24  deuourynge  the  pompe]  deuoratif 

de  la  pompe 
13/25  pyetous]  ^ito?/a&?e 
13/27  brent]  arse 
13/28  of  the  yates]  dcs  parties 
13/29  the  yate  stex]  la  parte  stee  (&  in 

p.  14,  1.  5) 
13/29  was    made    soe     maysterly]    de 

cdiffi.cc  si  magistrallcment 
13/31-3  carpentiye   /   that    of    all    ye 

eou?!,treye  of  Asie  it  passed  alle  other 

in  efforte   and  strengthe  If    It   was 

made  of  soo]  et  charpenterie  dc  tout 

le  pais  dasic  sestoit  cnv^rtuee  et  mise 

en  effort  de  bastir  oimraige  de  si 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGIXAL,    14S3. 


189 


14/5-6  sette  in  fyre  and  flammu]  mise 

en  flam  ill e 
14/7  b''^''  '^s]  Commc  se 
14/8  destroy e]  yucrpir 
14/ 1 1  tlirowe  douu]  o?«no/ir 
14/14-15  and   other  /  And   vnder   the 

tenebres  and  derkenes]  et  clandestviie- 

meiU.     Et  souhz  vnibrc  dcs  tenebres 
14/15  clerly  at]  au  cler  dc 
14/16  vpon  his  harnoys]  mioil  sur  son 

harnoi-s 
14/20-3  by  o^*!^  ^n^  ^'^^^  ly^iynge  many 

yeres,  his   bloode  was  wexen   colJe 

SCO  moche,  that  he  myghte  not  walke 

ne  helpe  him  selfe  by  moeuynge]  par 

viellessc  et  coagulation  de  plusicurs 

ans  auoyt  enfroidy  le  sang  tant  que 

plies  ne  pouuoit  cheminer  ne  soy  aider 

dc  motif  et  local  sensemcnt 
14/24  helde]  Lequelle  Anchises  tenoyt 
14/25  precyous  stones]  prosperites 
14/27  Troye,    and  grete    and    diuerce 

relykes]   [t]roye   la  grant,   diners  ih 

estranges  rcliquiercs 
15/35  that   it  maye  leefully  be   sayd] 

g'ue  chose  loysible  scauroit  dire 
15 1 1  hadde  doou  her  deuoyr,  and  holpen 

to  the  procreacyon]  se  fust  essoignee 

a  la  procreation 
15/2  of  mankynde]  deshiimai'ns  cffcuctz 
15/3-4  of  Anchises  and  yolus,  lyke  as 

sayd  is  /  ensiewed]  pour  destrcmper 

ceste  onatiere  en  pitic.     Enee   acorn- 

paigne  Danchises  et  Yolus,  ainsi  que 

dit  est,  suyuoit 
15/5  Nothyng  appertenau?it  to]  et  plus 

que  nafficrt 
15/8  dyligently]  diligammeut  ct  soign- 

eusement 
15/9-10  and  alle  rafflyd  on  alle  partyes, 

wythout  ony  liope  of  ameudeinunte] 

de  toutes  pars  sans  aulcun  anicnde- 

ment  extrinseque 
15/ 1 1  to  many  one]  a  maint  couraigc 
15/11-12  her  swete  firste  lyf,  and  now 

her    deploracyon]     sa    doulccur    J; 

dcploration  enroueez 
15/18  SCO    berynge    his    fader]    ainsi 

attourne 
15/19-20  to   beholde   theym  wytlioute 


pyte  /  but  yet  more  pyetous  to  telle 
it]  de  le  veoir  Mais  qui  plus  est  de 
louyr  scullement  Ic  faiet  cnnari-er 
15/26  maleurouse  and  vuhappy]  mal- 

extrcioscs 
15/28  vacabonde]  vague 
15/31  vmtdes  or  wawes]  vndcs 
16/ 1 -2  of   the   wawes  of    the   see]   de 

vagucs  sur  la  mcr 
15/2  in  the  Royalme]  cs  parties  septen- 

trionnallcs  au  royaulmc 
I6/10  to  edyfye]  afaire  ediffier 
16/ 10  takynge  it]  prcnaut  imissancc 
I6/12  come  not]  tendre 
I6/19-20  to-fore     the     confusion    and 

vtter  dystructyon]  durant  la  confus- 
ion ct  lextcrmine 
I6/23  engynes]  engicns 
I6/29  a  white   bulle    as   crystall]  vng 

grant  toixau  blanc  comme  cristal 
I6/33  sette]  sitiiez  et  assis 
17/7-8  By  the  inhumanyte  and  wycked- 

nesse]  pour  hcmanite  et  maiihiaistie 
17/10  lytyl  hylle  or  mountycle]  petit 

mont 
17/12  smalle  busshes]  ruisseaulx 
17/12-13  by  humydite    and    hete]   ia 

pour  la  chalcur  humide 
17/15  named    in    frenshe    murtyllers 

cornyllers]  nommcs  murtilliers  cor- 

nilliers 
17/16  the    hille  ...  an    hye]    ledict 

Tnontignon  .  .  .  espate 
17/17  shadowed  by  gi-ete    space   the] 

donnoit  vmbre  spacicuse  au 
17/19  entencyon]  lentention  dicelluy 
17/20    of    the   bowes  and    braunches] 

frondages  dicculz 
17/21-2  we  englysshe  men  .  .  .  halowe] 

du  pays  francois  .  .  .  celehrons 
17/23-5    somer   /  In    strowynge  wytli 

herbes,    and  settynge   vp    of   gi-ene 

trees  and  bowes,  in  the  chirchcs  and 

chappellis    for     to     refresshe]    ceste 

enfro'iulissent  Ics  egliscs  les  carefours 

ct   lieux   publiqius  jmur   excouir  <£; 

afrcchir 
I8/3-4  on  bothe  sides]  The  French  tvood- 

cut  shoivs  a  doublc-hladcd    axe,  one 

head  or  blade  on  each  side  of  the  helve 


190 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    I4S3. 


18/5  s'^yue  or  guysarme]  hcsagne 
lS/5-6  hevve  and  smote  douii]/ra^^a 
I8/7-8  soo  ciitte  and  entamed]  entames 
I8/9  a  sourge  of  blacke  bloode   drop- 

pynge]  vne  sourgon  de  gro  sang  noir 

distillant 
I8/11  droppes  of  bloode  .  .  .  slievvjmge] 

goiUes  .  .  .  monstrc 
I8/12  abasshed  and  dredefuU]  espouu- 

ante 
I8/15-16  bi  grete  humylyacyon  of  herte 

and    deuoute    afl'ectyon]   no  French 

for  this 
I8/18-19  goddys  of  the  forestes]  decsses 

dcs  forestz 
I8/20  gyue]  donnsr  et  hailler 
I8/23  adoured]  inuoques 
I8/25  to  arache  or  plucke  vp]  darachicr 
I8/26  empesshed  and  letted]  cmpeschcoit 
I8/27  niyglite]  sens 

I8/28  to  demeane  this  to]  cc  demener  en 
ISj^o  that  other  ayenste  the  branche] 

lautrc  pie  myst  contre  la  terre  noycl- 

euse  dudict  arbre 
I8/31  oute  of  the  lytyll  hylle]  stir  ledict 

monticule 
I8/33  myghte]  vei'tu 
19/1-2  sorowfuUeand  bywepte]  esplouree 
19/3-4  to  the  .  .  .  thy]  de  soy  mesme 

.  .  .  sa 
19/5  piyued  fi-ome  his  lyf  /  or]  priue  de 

vie:   sur  vng  corps  Tiiort,  vengeance 

si  est  inutille 
19/7-8  goode  frende,  I,  very  sorowfull 

whiche  so  moche  haue  loued  the]  bun 

amy  lasse  dolant  que  iay  tant  ayme 
I9/10-11  made  theym  vegytalle  wyth 

sencyble  moeiiynges]  les  vcgctoit   de 

motifz  scnsemcns 
19/13-14  requyred  .   .  .  poursiwe]   re- 
clames .  .  .  pcrsccuter 
19/17  hidde  &  couerde  vi\Ae\\fardce  de 

coutocrte  de 
19/18  worlde]  siecle 
19/22  arrettyd]  luy  a  inMigue 
19/24  the    ryche    men   suffretous  and 

poure]  les  plus  riches  souffreteux 
19/26  by]  &  de 

19/27  shewe  and  manyfeste]  magnifeste 
19/28  bloode]  sang  gros  et  noir 


19/29  woldeste  haue  cutte]  tu  tcs  voulu 

efforccr  de  cou'ppcr 
19/30  of  thyse]  vcnu  dicculx 
19/33-4  liath    aroused    the    erthe]    & 

cspandu  sur  la  terre 
20/1  defoylle]  soilles 
2Qj6  bylde]  extrairc 
20/7  of  Trace]  tracois 
20/8-9  made     bastelles    of     vrerke    & 

ouuerage]  bastimens  douuraige 
20/14-16  is    destenyed    to     the   .   .   . 

fruytes  /  for  there  to  be  releued.  And 

to  comforte]  test .  .  .  frugalitc  destine 

pour  nice  rclcuer  et  consoler 
20/18-19  full  of  fylthe  and  ordure,  by 

the  blody  faytte]  enordie  par  la  san- 

guinolancc 
20/29-30  tymorysite  .  .  .  Insolute]  tre- 

meior  .  .  .  insolite 
20/31-2  to  the  palate  of  his  mouth]  a 

lencontre  de  son  palaix 
21/3  cause]  cause 

21/10  Thobsequyes  of  Polidorus]  Com- 
ment  en  faisant   ledict  sacrifice   les 

dieiix&  ydoles  furent  orncs  sus  laurel. 

et  comment    les    dames    desch<iuclecz 

plaignoyent  la  mort  dcs  nobles 
21/13-14  so  was  the  aulter  .   .    .  And 

therupon  putte  &  sette]  si  furent  sur 

lautel .  .  .  poses  et  mises 
21/16  reed]  cocte  rouge 
21/18-19  wyth  bendes   of  his   whiche 

enu3a-onned]  de  bandeaiolx  de  lin  qui 

les  enuironnoit 
21/22  chapelettis]  chapeaulx 
21/23-4  montycle  or  lityl  hylle  where 

as  Polydorus  was  buryed]  monticule 

de.  Palidonts 
21/26-7    raaye    surmounte  the   infecte 

odour]  la  fade  infecte  odeur .  .  .  puisse 

cstre  surmonte 
21/30-31    retchynge   ought  by   theym 

selfe]  tenir  compte  dclles 
21/32  dyssheuelled,  or  bare  the  heed] 

dcschcuellces 
21/34-5  oute  of  theyr  wyttes]  ebetccs  de 

Icur  sens 
22/4  bokettis]  coqucctz 
22/9  mo?(tj'cle  or  lityl  hill]  monticicle 
22/16  long  and  many]  per  pluncurs 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    14R.1 


191 


22/19  lohn  bochace]  ichan  boccace 
(iehan  boccasse  below) 

22/22-3  Here  bigyniieth  .  .  .  ca  .  .  vj"] 
1W  French  for  this 

22/24  Tliat  other  daye  ...  I  redde] 
I  Anticr  .   .   .  lisoic 

22/25-6  hath  spoken,  &  in  brief]  a 
bien  parle  tfc  7iiis  en  brief 

22/28  chyuau?iches]  chcuanccs 

221^1  moche  more]  grandeynent  trop 
vuoiculx 

23/5  wordes]  plusicurs  parollcs 

23/7  niedeled]  Caxton  has  not  englisht 
the  following :  Mais  linfurtime  des- 
tructio7i  dc  plusicurs  auUres  aduient 
soiiucnt  2}ar  auluri  ccis  inopinc.  Dont 
la  cause  est  la  tente  et  aiwns  incogncue 
tellement  que  Ic  premier  effect  sc 
demonstre  par  expcriance  sans  scauoir 
dont  ce  procede  Qui  souuent  donne  a^ix 
ignorans  Ics  causes  dc  tresgrant  admi- 
rations, et  souspxionnent  la  chose 
estre  aduemte  com  me  par  destinee 
disant  ces  choscs  Et  cos  accident  a  culx 
estre  ennexez  a  leur  suppost  par  na- 
turclU  adhesion  et  nc  sen  pourroit 
separer  sam  corruption  de  luy  qui 
nest  pas  chose  veritable  scion  lopinion 
dcs  maistres. 

23/15-16  the  falle  and  caas  otherwyse 
than  vyrgyle  hath]  le  cos  ainsi  qtte 
vied  Virgillc 

23/19  the  his]  le  sicn 

23/24-5  other  grete  falles]  et  par 
aultres  grans  cos 

23/33  to  shewe  alle  a  longe]  de  mectre 
au  long  scion 

23/35-6  the  recommee  of  dydo,  other- 
wyse callyd  or  named  Elysse]  la 
renonwiec  dydo  auUrcment  clissc 

24/4  as  here  after  shall  ensiewe  and 
folowe]  ai.iisi 

24/ 10- 1 1  deuyne  reno))imee  /  as  to  the 
hye  name]  diuiiicusc  renommcc  comme 
est  Ic  hault  nom 

24/12  thauctor]  lactcur 

24/16  k  redyng]  et  rediger 

24/19  dedes  /  iayttes]  fais 

24/20  souuenauwce  or  remembrau?ice] 
souucnance 


24/23-4  sholde  be  wytlidrawen  /  Or 
otherwyse  sholde  haue  be  forgoten 
it,  and  put  in  oublyan?!ce]  Oic  aultre- 
mcnt  il  auroyent  mys  en  oubliancc  et 
a  ccsic  cause  en  mcmoire 

24/25  fonde  to  note  wyth  rede  colour 
or  ynke]  qui  denote  rouge  couleur 
t7-ouucrcnt 

24/27-8  firste  capytall  lettres]  premi- 
eres lectres 

24/34  dyuulgcd  &  shewed]  dluulguee 

25/8  thyre]  chir  (so  thronghout) 

25/16-20  the  lugemente  that  to  hym 
was  fortunat  /  that  he  was  so  biene- 
wrous  that  he  was  emonge  all  other 
estemed  to  be  most  in  loye  &  gladnes, 
consideryng  the  beaute  and  bounte 
of  dydo  his  wyf,  And  also  of  grete 
rychesses]  son  iugemcwt  qite  hey  estoit 
fortune  qtci  suruint  a  sa  femme  Lars 
hioieuree  yssit  du  lieu  ou  tous  Ics 
mortelz  hommes  ont  estime  naistre 
toute  liesse  cesi  ascauoir  dcs  ricJiesses 

25/23  of  whiche  goodes  &  rychesses] 
dcsquelles 

25/32  and  dyd  do  slee  Acerbe  or  Sychee] 
No  French  for  this 

25/33  wyf]  aimje 

25/35-6  syncopysed,  &  syghed]  sinco- 
]}isoit 

26/2  sourges  wellynge  vp]  sourions  a 
quatiqueulx  de  la 

26/3  doun  by]  contre  val 

26/4-6  And  thus  the  sayd  dydo  suffred 
grete  payne  for  the  grete  and  harde 
syghynges  &  heuynesses]  que  eaues 
dieulx  pour  les  grans  et  durs  souppirs 
tristesscs  amertume  que  ladicte  dydo 
souffroit 

26/15  thenne]  lors 

26/17  she  comened  wyth  the]  si  quelle 
communica  aux 

26/24  wythstande]  ohuier  a 

26/26  Elysse]  astiice 

26/28-9  molcste  and  greued]  molcstee 

26/30  mayntene]  maintiens 

26/32  places]  licux  et  places 

26/33  true  frende  and  loue]  loyal  amy 

27 1 1  nayssau?(.ce' and  byrthe]  naissaiice 

21l()  Tliir]  chir  (so  always) 


192 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FUEXCH    ORIGINAL,    14S3. 


27/11  to  escliewe  and  gaynstonde] 
ohuier  a 

27/15-16  of  brasse  &  coper  .  .  .  many- 
festely  or  openly]  daraine  .  .  .  viag- 
nifestcment 

27/26  sackes  of  brasse  and  coper]  sax^hes 
jjlauis  daraine 

27/31-2  nauye  /  I  doubte  nothynge] 
naibigaige  ie  ne  retwcque  pomt  en 
double 

28/17  furyouse  woodnes]  re?ic?'ic 

28/18-19  that  be  shall  moche  sore 
tormente  vs]  et  croies  quil  nous  /era 
mectre  en  grans  tourmcns 

28/20-1  wythdrawen  &  taken  awaye] 
souhstraict 

28/22  in  gree  &  gladly]  voulenticrs  en 
gre 

28/23  no  culpe  ne  blame]  nulle  coidpc 

28/24  grieuous  paynes  &  myserable 
tormentes]  grief ii,cs  paincs  miserahlcs 

28/28-9  I  shall  abandouue  my  lyf  wyth 
you]  ie  pardonneray  a  ma  vie  ct  tmos 
temps  f Cray  compaignie  a  vous 

28/33  dwellynge]  mencion 

29/1-2  pyetous  prayers]  prieres  pitcuses 

29/4-5  to  habandoune  &  leue  the  swete 
cou?i.trey]  dahandonncr  la  doulcc  tcrre 
mere  ( Yet  Caxton  left  out  the  ^Mother 
country  !) 

29/7-8  prores  or  forsliip  whiche  lay  to- 
ward the  cou'/itre  of  thir]  2Jrores  dc 
leurs  nauires  quiestoyenttoutcs  eontre 
chir 

29/11  vaticynauwte  or  propnecyeng] 
vatici-Tiant 

29/16-17  of  surete  for  to  abide]  sc2ire 
dcmouree 

29/19-20  were  well  pleased  wyth]  rauis- 
sassent 

29/25-8  And  in  conclusion,  they  de- 
cended  from  their  shippes  to  the 
lande,  and  at  the  ryuage  of  the  same 
they  toke  indede  Ixx  maydens,  and 
anone  putte  theym  in- to  their  shippes] 
tant  que  a  la  fin  du  monde,  eon-sen- 
dirent  sur  Ie  bort  du  riuaige  dicelle 
terre,  &  la  ravirent,  Et  dcfaict  tajUost 
mirent  eulx  ou  nauire  soixantc  et  dix 
pucelles  ou  ieunes  filles 


29/30  Wynne  ye  duete  of]  gaignier  Ie 
deu  de  leiir 

30/3  arryued  in]  en 

30/4-6  and  boughte  as  moche  londe  or 
grounde  /  as  she  myghte  conteyne 
wythin  the  space  of  the  hide  of  an 
oxe.  in  whiche]  achata  tcrre  du  large 
ditnj  cuyr  de  beuf  ant 

30/15  whiche]  quelle 

30/16-17  after  dyd  doo  cutte  hit  soo  in 
a  thonge  so  smalle  and  longe]  tost 
reduira  en  vne  quarte  quelle  coppa  si 
tresmenumciit 

30/18  quality ce]  quantite 

30/19  Inhabytantes  sellars]  vendeurs 
habitans 

30/22-3  gi'eued  thej^m,  and  tlu-owen 
theyra]  agites 

30/33  holde  parlyamente]  parlcmeutcr 

31/5-7  oughte  to  make  an  ende  of  their 
fuyte  or  fleeynge  /  and  anone  elysse 
or  dydo]  debiooycnt  imposcr  fin  a  leur 
fuite  Et  tantost  elysse 

31/9  of  brasse  &  coper]  darine 

2,1  j  12  gretly  encoraged]  animes 

31/13-14  concluded  anone  to  buylde  k 
edefye  a  newe  cyte  there  I  K\x6.  caste 
&  toke]  commencercnt  pour  gecter  Jc  a 
prender 

31/21  wyth  wallis  autentyke]  dautcn- 
ticque  muraille 

31/23-5  cyrcuyte  of  the  place  was 
euuyionned  wyth  the  thonge  of  a 
skynne  or  hyde,  as  to-fore  is  sayd. 
And  the  castell  of  the  toun  was 
named  biose]  la  2}lace  ou  circuit  du, 
lieu  fut  tout  emtironnee  dune  qicarte 
comrne  vne  pcau  de  parchemin,  ainsi 
comme  dessus  est  dicte  et  nommce  larer 
ou  chastel  de  la  ville  biose 

31/26  they  hof  Tir]  Ics  tirans 

32/2-3  vnmesurable]  iminense 

32/4  Thir]  chir  (but  tirans  above) 

32/8  circu?«.iacent  &  neyghbours]  cir- 
cunuoisines 

32/11-12  the  guyse  /  the  facons  ...  of 
the  cartagyons]  Ics  geste^  ct  aussi  Zfs 
facons  des  cartaiginois 

32/18-19  thj^ng  slypper  &  lubrik] 
chouse  lubricque 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FREXOH    ORIGIXAL,    14>^:]. 


193 


32/19-20  to  brynge  hir  iu-to  exylo]  luy 

cM  sours  tout  exil 
32/23  pvudencej  prudence  de  dijdo  son 

royaulme 
33/5  dydo]  elisse 
33/7  of  thyre  or  thyrayn]  tiraiii 
33/9  to  lyiie  after  the  mariere]  et  maiiiere 

de  viure 
33/1 1- 1 2  whiche  for  to  doo  they  knew 

uo   man    cowuenyent]    qui   pour   y 

enuoier  y  fust  asscz  idoinc 
33/13-14  his  owne  londe]  son  irnys  ou 

terrc 
33/15  so  vyle  /  terry ble  &  straiDJge  lyf] 

vie  si  terrible  et  estrange 
33/16-17  ^^  menaced  and  thretenyd  to 

make  warre  &   f^'ght  wyth  theym] 

il  les  mcnacoit  de  hataylles 
33/19  prynces]  jn-inces  dessusdit  nommes 
33/19  shewynge]  remonstrant 
33/22  to    Tse   siiche   as]  prendre  ccllc 

dcs 
33/24-5   tliat  one  muste   deye  for  tlie 

salute   &   wele    of    your     couHtrey] 

mourir  jjour  le  salut  du  pais 
33/25   coJicluded  so  to  doo]  drlihrrrs  a 

ce  /aire 
33/27,  29   y"    publike   .    cou?itrey]    Ic 

bien  publique.     (The  ^contrary'  &c. 

is  Caxton's. ) 
33/30-1  dyde  demau/ule]  fit  dcmandcr 
34/1  had  lieuer]  ay  ma  mieulx 
34/4  seeyng]  vo[;ant  lesditz  princes  que 
34/5  ^  ^^  ^'"']  prenant  en  son 
34/8  that  they]  quelle 
34/12  in  flegyble]  enflebilc 
34/14  preterit]  preterit 
34/16-17  but   she   muste    promyse   to 

make  this  maryage  /  the  whiche  she 

accorded  to  theym,  and  hehle]  promts 

a  Icur  faire  ce  mariagc  Icur  accordoMt 

lauoir 
34/18  Induces  and  space]  induces 
34/20-1    In  this  t3''me  durynge]  Et  ce 

pend/mt 
34/22-3  sette  and  ordeyned]  emparee 
34/24-5  And    after    this,   she    blamed 

longe]  puis  longuement  detestoit 
34/28  in  late  tyme]  en  peu  de  temps 
34/29  with  the]  nu 
EXE  Y  DOS. 


34/31-2    well     happy     tlreyiig]     fuitc 

hiencuree 
35/ 1  conuerted  and  chaunged]  conuertic 

et  muee  .  .  .  fust 
35/7  busshes  and  woode]  bon  boys 
35/9  phice]  place  ou  lieu 
35/10-11  pj-etous  .   .   .   playsaunte   to 

the]  pit'mse  .  .  .  2}'ncatiuc  des 
35/13  payenge  the  extreme  tribute  of 

reiTlembraunce]    pi-iant    le   tribu  dc 

extreme  soutcenance  que  iamais  puis 

apres  ne  ne  deuoit  cstre   ramembrcc 

par  racorda^ice 
35/15  clouen  and  broken]  brisez 
35/16  woode]  buchier 
35/19  citezeyns]  citadins 
35/25-6  i«nocente  blood  whiche  macu- 
late &  bysprange  all  theym  that  stode 

by]  sang  innoeueux  qui  macula  toutcs 

les  arcomstajiccs 
35/31-2  for   to    kepp.   hir  cyte   &   the 

cytezeyns   vuliurt]    ^jo?(>'   les  garder 

immunes 
35/34  ony]  aiilcunement 
36/ 1  sorowfull]  plaintm-euses 
36/2  were  co)?cluded  &  brought  to]  a 

cell  amene 
36/6  callyd]  appellercwt  et  noTame^-ent 
36/ 1 2  And  after]  Etfirent  apres 
36/ 1 6  dedyed  &  halowed]  dedicz 
S6I17  enbraced]  collec 
36/19  A    comendacyon   to   dydo]    No 

French  for  this 
36/21  digne  &  worthi]  dignr 
36/24  cruel]  cruelle  ce  petit  nombre  dans 

qui  pouuoit  remendre  a  hi,  vie  future 
36125-6  thy  pudyke  chastyte  vnhurte, 

wythoute  ony  spotte  /  than  to  rendre 

or   yelde   thy   selfe]   ta  pudite  illese 

sons   aulcunnnent    maciUrr   que   toy 

rendre 
36/28-9  by  thuMtrue  note  of  lubryke  k 

slypper  luxurye]  de  laiiote  indelerille 

de  lubrii-que  luxure 
36/31  thy]  toutcs 
36/32  goten  fame  k  reno/nmee]  occupe 

renommre 
36/33-4  by  whom  he  is  repressed  fro 

his  lybidynous  desire]  de  libidineux 

desir  prtrquoy  est  rcprime 

O 


19-t 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    148:i. 


37/4  breste]  nohle  po Urine 

37 Is  tytle]  tiltre 

37/5  loange  /  preysynge]  louange 

37/10  crayntyue,  I  addresse]  incraintiue 
sadrece 

37/11  that  haste  strengthe]  as  seur  a 
CCS  force 

37/17  lacyuyte]  laciuite 

37/iS  and  iu-to  benygne]  et  hcnigiu  en 

37/19-20  name  and  fame]  nom 

37/21  merytes]  doulccs  merites 

37/22  chaste  clennesse]  lonnestete  de 
pudetcr 

37/27-8  Thir  .  .  .  Elysse  or  dydo]  chir 
.  .  .  dice 

37/34-5  that  byfelle  to  her]  M  iusques 
a  lors  a  elissc 

37/36,  38/1-2  of  the  deth  of  the  sayd 
dydo  /  I  shall  reheree  here  after  now 
in  a  nother  maner,  whiche  is  to  be 
presupposed  was  moeued  of]  ca  eiiau- 
ant  est  Men  cy  a  presiipposcr 

38/4-5  by  cause  of]  ^^^is  pour  le 

38/6-7  the  moste  fayrest  of  theym  all] 
la  plus  belle 

38/9  troye  /  after  the  aiege]  la  grant 
troye  ai)res  lexition 

38/14  Neptunus]  neptimus 

38/17-18  empesshe  the  goynge]  des- 
tourber  ou  empeschier  lalee 

3S/20  parellys]  2}erilz 

38/23  desire]  duction 

38/26-8  goddys  to  be  stypended  /  and 
sluill  doo  honoure  to  theyr  frendes  / 
and  treate  theyr  lygnage  and]  deesscs 
stipendier  ses  amys,  Iwnneior  feroit  a 
toute  leur  lignee,  les 

38/29  the  goddys]  Ics  dieux  dessics 
nommes 

39/13-15  Cordes  and  ropes  broken,  And 
crampons  of  yron  wrythen  a  sondre 
and  plucked  oute.  the  shyppes  & 
vassaylles]  rompre  cordes  et  arachier 
crampons  de  fer  et  leur  ataches  vais- 
seaux 

33/18-19  vorages,  &  wawes]  vorages 
vndees 

33/20-1  guile   or  throte    wyde   opene] 

goulle  baiee 
39/31  separed]  lu7ig  de  lautre  separe 


40/5  fortunes]  diuerses  fortunes 
4O/10-11  And  in  desceudynge  and  com- 

yuge  a  lande  in  to  that  .  .  .  tlydo] 

descendant  en  icellc  terre  et  en  la  .  .  . 

fenice 
40/16-17  fayr  and  well  byspoken]  bien 

deuisant  &  beau  parlcur 
40/18  loued   of  alle  men,   &  preysed] 

loue  de  tous  et  prise 
40/28  e9?.prynted]  imprima  tellement 
40/32  rebouted   &   putte  a  backe]   re- 

botctant 
40/33  the  lampe  /  and  tlie]  la  lampe  du 
41/1-2  How  dydo  cou?!seyllid  wyth  hir 

suster  anne]  N'o  French  for  tlvis 
41/3  by  though  teherselfe,  and  purposed] 

se  pourpensa 
41/15  obfusked  /  endullyd]  obfusque 
ill  17  nyghe  kynne  and  pai'ent]  prou- 

chain  parent 
41/18  very  table]  verifablemcwt 
41/20  delyuerynge  andgyuyng]  boillant 
41/22-3  to  yeue  to  dyuerse  creatures  / 

and   maye   be   supposed]  faire  aux 

suppos 
41/24  chief  werke]  cliicf  doexoure 
41/27-8  and  drede  theym  fleynge,  and 

kepe  theym]  crainte  les  fuit  et  tient 

entre  ses  bra^ 
41/29  -A-iid  yf  it  happen  theym  to  entre] 

qtianf    ilz   entrcnt    qioi   en    en   [sic] 

adiuient  bien  a  faict 
41/30  in  corners]  es  cantons 
41/31  the  grete  fote]  les  grans  picz 
41/36  god  forbede]  ia  nawiengne 
42/2  comynge  to  tlie  chief  of]  vcnant  a 

chief  de  (accomplishing) 
42/3-4  yf  it  that  ne  wei'e]  se  nefust 
42/5  to  abyde  and  be]  dcstre 
^•1117  molyfyed] /t'c/«' 
42/20  not  for  that]  ?iore  pourtant 
42/22-4  to  plonge   and   submerge    me 

vnder  the  botomes  of  the  depe  pa- 

lusshe     infernalle]    saudoyexox    aux 

vynbres    palantcs    vmbre    dcnfer    et 

parfonde 
42/31  graue  vuder   the   colde    marbyl 

stone]  scrqueuz  dessoubz  la  lame 
43/1  Thansuer  of  Annne  to  hir  suster 

dydo]  No  French  for  this 


COLLATION    WITH    TIIK    FRF.XCII    ORIGIXAL,    1483. 


195 


43/5  reuerte]  conit^rtir 

43/23  fyie,    lyghte,    nor  flamme]  fere 

flainhoyaut  nc  lumicrc  pareillemcnt 
43/28  solycytude  of  thy]  solitude  de  scs 
43/31-2  maryage,    aile    is   to   hym   as 

ryght  noughte]   mesnaige .  .  .   Tout 

est  neant 
43/33  lette]  nwjrc 
44/4-5  I'euthes  noyous,  vpon  a  damp- 

nable  mynde   aud   folysshe   remem- 

braunce]  rajrcz  c/iuicicx  en  soiiueiuincc 

dcmneuse 
Ail6-y  of    the    infernalle     mausions] 

de7ifer 
44/9  renyue]  remuer 
44/13  thyre]  chir 
44/16  byloued  of  the]  amcz 
44/20  viidresette]  submectrc 
44/33-4  myro;ides,  that  are  folke  with- 
out Rule]  vujrodes  geixs  sans  frain, 
44/36  folkes  fllodes  or  ryuers  that  shulde 

terapre]  flcuiies  oti  riuicres  de  lunuur 

de 
45/4  thire]  chir  (and  so  all  through) 
45/6  of  lyght]  de  legicr 
45/10  somtyme]  few 
45/14-15  deritynacyes  haiie  fauourisshed 

the  well]   destinees  out  fauorise  Ics 

biens 
45/16  ryche  nauye]  7muire 
45/29  atysc  &  drawe]  atire 
46/4  erased  of  the  grete  tornementes] 

froissees  des  grans  tourmens 
46/6  contradyction]  eji  contradiction 
46/7  apposite]  oposite 
46/12-13  aduysed  and  shewed]  aduiscs 
46/i8  esprysed]  embusses 
46/28-9  where  bifore  the  aulters]  par 

les  autcls 
46/30-1  sheep  weders  for  to  doo  sacre- 

fyces  destynated]  brcbis  et  mouluiis 

pour  sacrifices  destinees 
47/6  there    dedied    and   doon]    dxdiee 

faict  illec 
47/7-8  custome  that  was  vsud  at  that 

tyme]  coustume 
47/8-9  In  to  the  temples  and  symula- 

cres,  knelynge  before  the  awters]  par 

Ics  auteh  par  les  temples  et  siiaula- 

cres 


47/11  cntraylles]  entraillan  li-  es  lacm- 

bres 
47/14  ouerserche]  recherche 
47/24-6  grafted    and    myscrably    sette 

wauynge   and   tournynge    here    and 

there  wythin]  aree   &  acysee  miser- 

ablcmcni  en  tant  quelle  vague  tour- 

noyant par 
47/28-9  an  hynde  that  is  rouglit  to  the 

herte  wyth  an  arowe]  la  bicJie  naurcc 

dung  dart  jyar  sang  iusques  au  ctieur 
i7  / 26  Thy ve]  chir  de  sydon 
48/6  oure]  tivp 
48/7  Of  it  tliat  other   parte]   daultre 

part 
48/8  appareylles]  cormis 
48/20- 1    launchynge      theyr      bryghte 

sparkeles]  estincclant 
48/23  li^r  bedde  reste]  les  rcpus  de  sun 

lit 
48/32  emonge]  alcunesfois 
49/9-10  Inexplycable      occupycd,      as 

transported    and    rauysshed]   rauie 

et  transportee  inc.vplicablemcnt 
49/11  the]  les  aultres 
49/12  of    Inperfection]     dimperfcction 

sans  plus  greuer  ny  auant  y  beson- 

gnier 
49/16  were  robuste  and  rude]  se  am- 

dissent 
49/22  The  stones]  la  petite 
49/30-1  spredde   wyth    mosse    all    to- 

tourne   /   rusty]    mossucs    d:    brisrcs 

toutcs  raoullcs 
50/2  contryste]  eontestcr 
50/4  goodely  and    grete    chore]    granl 

recueil 
50/21-3  eneas,   whiehe   thynge   myght 

be  broughte  to  effecte  /  so  that  ye 

wyll  be]  enec  atirer  tO  ioirodre  auous 

a  ce  qne  saves 
50/26  noyes]  noise 
50/27-8  for  the  constructyon  and  ma- 

kynge  of]  en  faisant 
51/27  felawe]  compaignie 
51/31  this  werke]  la  besoigne 
51/34-5  shalle  movve  be  broughte  abontc] 

poira  de  legicr  pinrfaire 
51/36  chasse    and     hunte     the     wilde 

bestes]  chaccr 

O    2 


196 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGIXAL,    1483. 


52/4-5  to  the  vttir-moost  of  the  game, 

welle  chaffed  aftre  the  bcstes]  aux 

effors  Men  eschaiifes  apres   la   bcste 

SU7-  la  point  des  cjrans  dilUgences  qne 

low  f aid  en  tcl  can 
52/9  lyghtnynges     chorascacyous]    cs- 

clistres  covrufscations 
52/12  fuUe  hlak  and  obscure]  obscure 
521  ly  the  wedrynge]  lora/je  du  temps 
52/20  forest]  forest  siisdies 
52/24  were  not  of  accords    fo[r]  the] 

fusses  daccord  dii, 
52/27-8  Of    the    grete    tempest    and 

storme  atte  maryage  of  theym]  No 

French  for  this 
53/2  to  couertely  and  close]  t7-op  clan- 

dcMincmcnt  et  a  macetes 
52>ly  his  trayne]  ses  hrisecs 
53/12  one  from  the  other]  lung  lautre 
53/14  for  to  renne  after]  <t  lesser  courrc 

a  la  leuec 
53/16-17  theyr  brackes,    retches,    and 

bloode  houndes]  des  aidtrcs  marches 

Icurs  redes  aussi  &  homers 
53/25  her  fayr  palfrey]  la  hacquonee 
53/27  appareylled  and  couered]  comcerte 
53/31-2  pourfylled]  horde 
53/35  ryche  gyrdell]  surcaincte  suranrre 
54/1  wythfyne  cloth  of  damaske]  dune 

figure  de  satin 
54/4  Thus  appoynted]  c?i  ce  point 
54/13  vpon  the  flode]  Ic  Jtcime  sur  le 

fleuuc 
54/18  semblable]  semhlablement 
54/20  doo  ryse]  se  teussent 
54/26-7  garlandes  of  leues  grene]  chap- 

peaulx  de  verdure 
54/2S  fyu  gras]  haulte  lice 
54/31  becomen  fyers,  and]  senfierissent 
55/ 1  the  yonge  yolus]  enee  [orig.  en  ce] 
55/ 1  y''  ladies]  la  dame 
hbll  dales  and  narowe  wayes]  landes  ct 

destroiez 
55/8  Ascanius  or  Yolus]  ascanins 
55/9  corrageous]  ardant 
55/21  the  blewe  cote]  la  cocte  perse 
55/23  of  thondre]  de  gresle  tonnoire 
55/25-6  nor  made  no  force  for  it,  with- 

standynge]    tie    tcrioycnt    conte    nou 

obstant 


55/29  atte  astryffe]  a  lestrif 

52/30  acquyred]  acquerir 

55/32  wedrynge]  temps 

55/34  mysell]  de  hresil 

55/36  agetted]  agictoit 

56/2  backewarde  /  forewarde,  and  atte 

eyther  side]  arriere  oil  a  coste 
56/4  by]  daultre  part 
56/6  enf[l]a;ftmed]  aflambe 
56/i2  nyghte]  nuyt  loute  noire 
56/20  the  fallyng]  ses  agouz 
57/1 1-12  whiche   is  more   lighte   than 

ony  other  thynge]  qui  est  celle  ainsi 

qu,e  Ion  dit  fame  est  vne  malic  mes- 

chine  dont  il  nest  chose  phis  legiere 
57/29-30  facultee    and    power    for    to 

reherce  and  saye]  faculte  de  potcoir 

dire 
57/32-3  ladyes,  gentyll  wimen]  damois- 

selles] 
57/34-5  rewthe  ne  regarde  to  no  manere 

of  lesynge]  regret  a  mensonge 
57/36,  58/i  wynges    alle     of    fedders] 

routes  de  plumes  cmjianees 
58/4  vpon  her]  c?i  son  corps 
58/6  stylle  without  ceasse]  tousions  et 

satis  ccsse 
58/15  what  rewle  is  kept  in]  du  gou- 

uernemcnt  de 
58/20- 1  pynacles  and  toures  /  and  wyth 

theym  that   kepe  the  day  watches] 

pinades  et  auec  les  eschanguetes 
59/3  lordshypes]  et  scigneuries 
59/11  hadde  esprysed  her  owne  herte 

wyth  the  loue]  sestoyt  enamource 
59/15  a-renouse]  areueiix 
59/17  Gzamas]  Gazamas 
59/19  construed,  edyfyed,    and   made] 

construit  et  cdiffie 
59/20  othre  saci'aryes]  aultrcs 
59/22  the  daye  watche]  cschangucre 
59/27  good  odours  <t  swete  smelly nge] 

bonnes  odeurs 
59/28-9  garlandes  made  of  fioures  that 

he  gadred]  chapeaulx  et  floretes  quil 

amassoyt 
59/32  wrathe    he    begate   wythiu    the 

roote  of]  coureux  en 
59/33  hesyde  hymself]  hors  du  sens 
6O/4  pycture]  paincture 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FKICXCH    OKIGIXAL,    1183. 


197 


6O/5  wynes]  ros  tins 

60/ 1 8  coiwitrey  of  ytalye]  cite  de  troie 

6O/20  ryghtwysuesse]  iustice 

6O/29  to  receyue]  et  a  recpu 

60/34  j'elow  as  golde]  iannes  et  dores 

61/ 1 8  wynges  empared  with    fedders] 

dies  emplumecs 
6I/23  by-fore]  imrfakric 
6I/26  lyf  determyned]  vie  a 
&\l21-%   kept    and    saued     hyni    two 
tymes]    regardanncs    deux    fois    en 
champ  de  bataille 
62/2-3  hys  grete  worthynesse]  ses  grans 

vaillances 
62/13  What  mystreth  hym  to  edyfie] 

q\xe,l  hesoing  est  il  quil  ediffie 
62/21-2  for  to  fullefyile  his  wylle]  pour 

ce  /aire 
62/34  recoumtred]  encontroit 
63/2  other]  aioltres  de  son  temps 
63/5  for  to  susteyne]  poar  en  apvier  et 

soustenir 
63/7  of  sapyn  trees  and  of  hooly  trees] 

de  sepuis  tt  de  houlx 
63/8  beten  &  cast]  agitcz  de  vens  plams 

et  nues  obscures 
63/1 1-12  grete  flodes,  &  fojitaines  rening 
doune  without  cesse  aloHge]  fleuues 
etfontaiaes  decorans  sans  cesse  descen- 
dans  par 
63/13  borders  and  shores]  orees 
63/14  thycke  yse]  grans  glasons 
63/16-17  vncles  brother,  vnto  his  moder 
named  laye]  ancle  frere  de  sa  mere 
'nomniee  lay  a 
63/19-20  lowe,  &  syn  hie]  picis  has 
63/ 20-2 1  roches     alonge    the     shores] 

rochicrs  et  riuage 
63/22  pruneth  or  pycketh  her]  se  sore 
63/26  &  other  grete  cdyfices]  ediffixes 

et  arceaulx 
63/28  bystoryc  or  wepen  crysolite]  bis- 

torie  ctosolite 
63/32-3  cremoysin  alle  drawen  oucr 
wyth  gokle  wyer,  right  waujitauly 
wouen]  cramoisi  de  tire  a  bordcurc 
dorce  tresmignolcmcnt  tissue  et  assise 
pardessus 
64/IO  What  Cometh  to  the  byfore]  qitcllc 
te  vient 


64/II-I2  abide  ydle  in  tliis  laudes  of 

Lybye  ?  wylt  enhabyte  thiselfe]  de- 

mourer  oiseuses  tcrres  de  libic?  dont 

te  vient  eelle  grant  laschcte  de  couraige 

de  vouloir  habitcr 
64/15,  16  of  this  thyng  /  whiche  vnto 

the  oughte  to  be  desiderable]  dcsirant 

chose 
64/22  loeuynge]  louenge  (praise) 
64/30  gresell]  hericer 
&f>ji  wythsta?idyng]  actcndu 
65/7  byfalle]  cas 
65J14.  doo  make  redy  his  shyppes]  ap- 

areiller  et  mectre  en  point  le  nauirc 
60/17  couertly]  repostement 
65/20  of  a  feynynge]  de  fainte  ce  quilz 

Jirent 
65/23  from  herselfe]  liors  du  sens 
65/27  habandoune  &  leue  .  .   .   stroof] 

habandonner  .  .  .  debatoii 
66/8  styre  her  selfe]  dcmener 
QQjc)  as  a  mad  woman,  as  thyas  .  .  . 

passed]  comme  au  .  .  .  temps  passe 

faisoit  thias 
QQJ13  feest]festo7i7ians 
66/18  thus  rennynge  aboute]  ce  faisant 
66/19  reforced]  rcnforce 
66/23  rewthes    and     complayntes]    cfc 

coraplains  regretz 
66/25  vntrue]  desloyal 
66/26-7  to  make  me  a-knowen  therof] 

le  me  dire 
66/31  the  worshyp]  lonneur 
67/4  doled  out  of  ye  sure  waye]  foruoye 
6  7/ 1 1  tyme]  temps  et  facillement 
67/14  onghtest]  dcburo is 
67/i8  flusshyng  dou?i]  decouraiis 
67/26  lonely    countenaunces]     entrelO' 

mens 
67/30  anemste]  enuers,  (&  for  'of,'  1.  33) 
67/34  that  by  me  cam]  par  moi 
67/35-6  poure  desolate  frende]  pouure 

desolee 
67/36,  68/1  broughto    to    the    poynte 

mortalle]  assolee 
68/3  courage]     ouraige    (heart,  mind, 

purpose) 
68/4  ayenst]  enucra 
68/7  hate   and    banc   enuye   atte   me] 
moy  prills  en  grant  haync 


198 


COLLATION    AVITII    THE    FRENCU    OKIGINAL,    1483. 


68/8  hoc  praysyiige]  lus  dkdlc 

68/10  was  electe  &  taken  vp]  cstoyc  sur 

totUes  eslciic 
68/ u  is  now,  by  thy  departyuge,   so- 

daynly]  et  en  ce  soudaine  en  est  par 

toy 
68/13  kynde  loue]  donnce 
68/ 1 5  that  lightly  forgeteth  his  lodg- 

ynge  and  the  place]  do'nt  nest  record 

dclostcUec  nc  mais  du  lieu 
68/19  no  thing  abideth  with  me  nowe] 

ne  me  demeurc  de  present 
68/22  hope]  espouer 
68/26  Yarbas]  carbas 
68/28  yf  afore]  sauant 
68/30  in]  aual 
68/34  whyche   shulde  asswage  the]  et 

laquelle 
68/36  I  shulde  thynke  that  I  were  not] 

aduis  me  fust  ncstrc  pas 
6916-7  moenyng  hym  self  in  nowyse] 

semcut  auJc'uncmcnt 
69/8-9  sighyuge  sore]  soiq)2nrajit 
69/ 10  sayd  in  this  manere]  va  dire  en 

CO  langaicje 
69/13-14  as  longe  as  lyffe  shall  abyde 

wythin   me]    totos    les  joiors  que   ie 

riuray  et  tant   que  Icsperit  de  vie  se 

pour  a  soutcnir  sur  moy 
69/16-17  vnknowen  to  the,  but  sliolde 

haue  sygnyfied  it  vnto  the]  <£-•  sans 

le  te  signifier 
69/21-2  to  be  at] /am;  du  tout 
69/26-7  in  short,   preceptyue]   en  sort 

preseptiioes 
69/32  a  stronge  lande]  pays  estrange 
69/33  meane]  moycnnes 
70/5  places]  rameaulv 
71/1-2  furyboujide  &  furyous]  furicuse 
71/4  one  thynge  of  a  long  while]  aulcim 

agucci 
71/5-6  intrysiuque    wythin    her   hert] 

intrinseqtce 
71/7-8  was  neuer  borne  of  no  goddesse] 

ncfut  nc  de  deessc  mere 
71/1 1- 1 2  harde   stones]  grosses  pierres 

diures 
111  17  to  deuoure]  dcmourer 
71/23  growyng  oute    of  the   gi-ou?ide] 

asccUce 


71/29  subsiduous]  suhcidc 

71/35   madnesse]  dioeric 

72/10  I  wote  not]  No  French  for  this 

72/12  to    me,    thys  vnhappy]   a  ccste 

malcurcuse 
72/13  wul  permute  rigoure  to  equyte, 

in  this   bihalue]  et  vueilles  en  cesle 

par  tie   parmestre  equite    a    rigueur 

iaviais  ne  fault  atcoir  fiance  en  qucl- 

quefoy  que  Ion  promcct 
721  ig  lyghtly  &  gretly]  liaultemcnt  et 

magn  ificquement 
72/20- 1  domakeayen,  that  was  reduced 

all  in   peces]  tout  rcfaict  qui  estoit 

reduit  en  pieces  et  eselaz 
72/29-30    augurementes  /   the     sortes 

preceptyue]     axoguriemens     le    sors 

pouures  du,  pais 
73/1  secret  nor  couertly  kept]  reposte 
73/4  othes]  paritbrcmcns 
721$  about]  einpesches 
73/8  ryght  stedfast]  tresasseure 
73/9  for  to  conferme]  pour 
73/16  calle  after]  so7ine 
73/19  suche]  aulcune 
73/26  and  taken  awaie]  ou  ostee 
74/1-2  made  redy]  apirestc  et  orne 
74/8-9  in  a  swoune,  as  alle  ded  to  the 

grounde]     taute   pasmee    et    ataclicc 

comme    toute    morte     sans    remiter 

aulcunement 
74/11  lityl  bedde]  couchecte 
74/17-18  &  went  his  wayes  for  to  see 

his  shippes]  faisant  a  la  visiter  son 

nauire 
74/22-3  hauen   in-to  the   rode  ;    made 

cores]  port  dambas  tout  en  la  haulte 

iner  faisoycnt  rains  ct  aultres  aivyrons 
74/23  comynge  new]  yssant 
74/24-5  toke  .  .  .  and  foyson  of  other 

tymbre,    for    to    apropre    to]    sann 

aultres  chappusages  pixnoyent  affmxc 

et  afoison  pour 
74/z§  of  one  wylle  to  haue  furnysshed] 

enlentis  de  quippcr 
74/29  euyn  soo  as]  to%it  ainsi  ct  en  la 

maniere  comme 
74/30-1    a  shokke    of   whete  or]  vng 

gerbier  faict  de  formcwt  ct 
75/1  to  swepe]  ncctoycr 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    1483. 


199 


75/2  bystoweth  it]  le  meet  en  sauf 
75/4  coinetb  agayn]  a  tourner  arricre 
751 1^  teTjs]pleurs 
75/14  compliiyntes,   callynges   and   la- 

mentacyous]  du7-s  soupirs  quelx  cla- 

meitrs  plaintes  et  sanglours 
75/15-16  iu  the  highe  lofte  of  thy  grete 

towres]  sur   Us  haultcs  terraces  en 

esparius  de  plus  grans  dehtes  tours 
75/22  foandreth]/o7(< 
76/3-4  loye  &  gladnes,   that    maketh 

my  sorowe  and  heuynes  to  be  moche 

the  greter]    lioise  qui    me   rengrege 

de  trop  pl\xs  ma  destresse 
76/l  I  socorus]  secours 
76 ji^  euyl  corag]  7nal  afaire 
76/33  rented,     vyolated     ne    broken] 

rompu  viole  ne  brise 
76/36  to  leue  me  aside]  i&uter  arricre 
77 jg  so   dau?igerouse]    tout   dangereux 

et  foruoie 
77 III  loue]  amour dM  grant dueil adolee 
77/15  facely  &  lightly]  facilement /aire 
77/23-4  siiffoke  ...  of  amaritude  .  .  . 

reysing]    suffoqucr  .   .  .  dainertttme 

.  .  .  resource 
77/27-8  I  shalle  make  thee  myn  heyre, 

to  enioye  &;  receyue,  after  my  detli, 

y"  renues  of  all  my  londe]  apres  ma 

mort  ie  te  laisseray  poior  heritiere  dc 

quay  este  toiUe  ma  succession 
77/33  feble]  slebile 
78/5  caste]  agicte 
78/9  shake  &  bowe]  demaine 
78/ 1 2  auTicient  .  .  .  olde]  et  lancienne 

souche  .  .  .  fort  en  vielly 
78/15-16  styl  ferme,  &  moeueth  by  no 

wyse]  sajis  moiouoir  nullement 
78/28-9  ouer  them   that   ben  afSiged] 

aux  affliges 
78/34-5  foiuulryiige  in  teeres]  esploree 
79/1  to  wyshe  deth]  a  son   haider  la 

mort 
79/4  ye  lyghte    of]    la    lumierc  <&  la 

clarte 
79/7  sorowe]  pleicr  et  grant  tourmcnt 
79/12  sawe  &  aperceyued]  aj^perccut 
79/26  suster  anno]  seur 
79/35,  8O/1  curiously  ifeproprelykerued] 

moult  mignotemcnt  entaillees 


80/IO-II  gooyiig  vuder  of  y*"  so/nie] 
couchant 

8O/14  the  owle]  la  voix  dc  b^  frczaijc 
auUrcment  dit  chcucche 

8O/16  dooth  quake  &  fereth]  /aid 
fremir 

8I/4  her  hert  semeth]  luy  resemble 

8I/15  the  niarche  of  thyr]  lavienchc  dc 
ck  ir 

8 1/26  a  rageouse  franesye] /rt'7ic47'c 

8I/34  brekeu  and  marren]  rcsiduil  et 
retaillant 

82/2  natives]  natures 

82/8  dysplaysures]  plaisances 

82/13  cadinus]  cadmtos 

82/15-16  &  iDryncii^ally  in  .  .  .  wherre 
he  made]  ct  cm2Jeu2>la  .  .  .  Jist 

S2/24  whiche  haply]  Lequel  espoir 

82/25-7  &  alle  be  he  dombe  or  spechclos, 
yf  he  take  the  lettre  vnto  hyni  wliome 
it  is  is  dyrected  vnto]  ou  soit  muct 
sans  parlor  nullcment  tout  aultrctant 
mais  quil  bailie  la  leclrc  on  pcut 
scauoir  celuy  a  qui  sadressc 

82/28-30  he  shall  therby  vnderstande 
the  desyre  of  hym  that  hath  sente 
suche  a  messager  vnto  him]  co/nme 
silfust  aupres  dcscriuant 

82/36  to  purpre]  tt  apourpree 

83/i  the  pourjire  clothes]  les  pourprcs 

83/3-4  gi'ete  capitallo  lettres]  grans 
lectres 

83/4  princypal]  p^-incipes 

83/6  mayde  fayre]  parees 

83/9  senoyses]  scnoises 

SZ/i^  eme?ides]  enmendes 

83/20-I  dlstourne  &  haue  hijnse[l]f] 
soy  cuydcr  dcstoitrner  et  mcctrc 

83/30-1  the  hope  of  his  en  tent]  Icspoir 
ou  lesperance  dc  son  entente  a  cause 
dequeues  dietes  turbacions  et  mesme- 
ment  dicelle  vision  des  troys  deesses 
furies  mfcrnalles 

83/32  aHguysshes,  sorowes  &  heuy- 
nesses]  angoisscs  douloureuscs  et  tristcs 

Sijy  suster]  se^ir  germaine 

84/13-14  Of  the  wordes  of  dydo  to  hir 
suster  anne]  For  this,  the  French  has 
the  heading,  H  Comment  ct  en  quelle 
manierele  roy  Cadmus  trouua  pxtmier 


liUO 


COLLATION    WITH    TlIK    FUENCII    OUIGIXAL,    1483. 


Irctres  ct  art  dcscriptarc  cl  la  istolre 
de  liorrestres  filz  agavicnon.  Et  com- 
tnent  les  troys  decsscs  infcrnales 
saparurcnt  a  lentrec  du-  temple  apolin. 
(A  cut  follows,  of  a  King  on  his  throne 
giving  or  taking  a  crown  with  his 
right  hand  to  or  from  a  person  on  his 
right,  while  others  kneel  before  him 
with  offerings  in  their  hands.) 

84/26-7  or  the  sojine  goynge-vnder]  de 
soulcil  couchant 

84/31-2  thaxtre  .  .  .  of  theuen]  Zc  a;i7 
.  .   .  dio  ciel 

85/3  Operydes]  csperides 

9if)l$  and  techer]  leur  enseigneresse  ct 
doctrisse 

85/7  goddesse]  deesses 

85/io  of  thai  tendynge]  du,  pensetnent 

85/i2  of  the  holy  brau?tches]  de  sanis 
rameaulx 

85/13  of  golde]  dor  emereus  aio  iour 
day  dicell'uy  csperides 

85/15  wete]  doulces 

85/27-8  and  to  the  contrarye,  putteth 
loue  sodaynlj'  in-to  theym  that  hap- 
pely  thinketh  not  vpon]  enuers  cculx 
qui  ^jftradiccM^iwc  en  sont  giceres 
entalentcz 

85/30-1  werkes  ...  to  tarye  &  areste 
sodaynli  the  flodes  &  grete  ryuers] 
bcsongnes  .  .  .  darcster  tout  a  coup 
les  Jlcuucz 

85/36  constrayneth  theym  often  by 
nyghte  tyme]  ^xtr  nuyct  souitsntesfois 
iuno  qui  et  les  coatrainct 

86/14  ^^'«t  I  haue  enterprised  fermly 
my  wyttes  therunto]  qite  si  auant  iay 
entrcprins  de  ynoy  cmbatre 

86/20  secret]  secret  que  tu  ptorras 

S6/22-3  for  whouie  I  calle  'alas  that 
euer  he  was  borne  '  /  whiche  he] 
q\ie  oncques  nefust  il  ne  quit 

86/25-6  in  my  priue  closet .  .  .  many  a 
night,  he  &  I  togider]  en  nostre  scur 
.  .  .  maintes  nuytees 

87/6  body]  })erso7ine  traussie 

87/22  with  a  grete]  dassez  grant 

87/26  suffoi;'»ge]  suffonger 

87/28  costume]  coustumc 

87/29-32  ouer  the  ymage  and  fygure  of 


eneas,  that  she  had  doo  make  after 
the  semblaunce  of  hym,  for  to  be 
breute  ther  with  her]  <£■  aiossi  mis 
par  sur  leur  se2nolture  qui  estoit  illcc 
pour  bruler  Umage  <0  figure  d'encc 
quelle  auoitfaict  a  sa  semblance 

88/6  charmouse]  chermeuse 

88/12  moder]  mere  ctachee 

8S/20-1  So  that  men  myght  saye  that 
it  encloseth]  et  pourroit  enclorc 
ohscurte  diviser  triplicite  et  dire 

9:9s  J22i  this  lady]  colle  diane 

88/25  venemouse]  vomineuse 

88/27-8  freshe  and  newe  mowen  k 
taken]  nouuelles  soyes 

88/29  sercles]  faucilles 

88/30  and  of]  tendant  a 

88/32  foole]  jMulain 

88/36,  89/i,  to  gyue  hym  souke]  de  le 
nourrir  ct  alecter 

89/2  the  skynue  '  mortalle  loue ']  la 
peatb  de  Iwmour  matcrnelle 

89/3  after  the  saide  prestresse]  selon  la 
pretresse  inuiter 

89/4-6  luste  to  souke  hys  moder,  but 
yf  she  liketh  or  eteth  the  secondying, 
or  atte  leste  that  same  skinne  that 
he  bathe  in  his  forhede]  sens  a  leche 
ne  a  la  mengie.  la  seconde  ou  autmoin^ 
leschie  celle  peau  qtcil  a  au  fronc  sur 
son  museau 

89/9  ageynst  the  same]  chose  contre 
elle 

89/ii  that]  par  son  commandentent 

89/ 1 1  rounde]  ronde  aupres  des  autiers 

89/15  in  syght  of  alle  the]  Et  est  mix 

89/ 1 8  denounce]  denotent 

89/19-20  mercyfull  god  and  pyteous 
...  to  receyue]  dieu,  piteux  .  ,  .  de 
reueoir 

89/29  is  paste  and  goon]  failly 

89/34  nuysyble]  inusiblcs  (for  nuisiblcs) 

89/36  yocked]  atellees 

89/36  silence]  licence 

90/1-2  poundes  and  ryuers]  las  Jk 
limeres 

90/8  fenyce,  elysshe,  or  dydo]  lafenicc 

90/ 1 1  lityll]  pouurc  petit 

90/12  atte  her  lierte]  sur  le  stomac  par 
la  nierite  de  dormir 


Cur.LATloX    WITH    THE    FHEXCH    ORIGINAL,    HSJ. 


201 


90/16-17  repieuynge  tlie  peiiuremente 
of  Laoinedon]  a  laomedcs.  In  the 
French  cut.  Dido  is  sitting  on  a  broad 
canojiied  throne,  with  5  listeners 
round  her,  4  on  stools. 

90/22  shalt  thou  niowe  become  /  must 
I]  pourras  tii  dcuenir  me  fault  il 

90/32  me]  moy  qui  sont  cncoires  tous 
dcsrois 

91/22  conuenau)«ted]  commenca 

91/23  ^  tonne]  xng  imiy  ou  caque 

91/24  the  walles  rou?tde  aboute  the 
cyte]  la  dousture  et  muraille  tmU 
atitour  de  ladicte  ville  ct  cite 

91/29-30  doo  ne  pave  ony  thynge]  riews 
faire 

92/1-2  Of  the  vysion  that  Eneas  hadde 
for  to  departe  towarde  ytalye]  No 
French  for  this 

92/10  or]  Oit  sil  vault  micux 

92/18  namly]  mcsiiiaiLcat 

92/30-1  solysitude  .  .  .  resolysitude] 
solitude  .  .  .  resolitude 

93/4  madnesse  &  forsenerie]  forcencrie 

93/6  what  eyleth  me]  Helas  ct  que  me 
failloyt  il 

93/7  ^^^ly  haste  thou,  not]  que  mas  tu 

93/10  alone]  en  vie  solitaire  toute  seulete 

93/12  alone  by  theym  selfe]  aparelle 

93/21-2  langour  mortall]  ynort  cslan- 
gouree 

93/23  so  ferre  doled  from  my  wytte] 
tant  foruoye  tant  hors  du  seiis 

93/31  takled]  equipee 

94/11  thynkyng]  pensant  oit  cogitant 

94/13-14  doo  y^  to  destruction]  te 
crauante 

94/20-1  commynge  .  .  .  with  torches 
lyght,  And  cressettes  esprysed  of 
fyre  brcnny[m]g]  guerroier  .  .  .  fallos 
trorches  ct  irando'ns  emprins  et  alumes 
dcfeu,  ardant 

94/23-4  yf  thou  be  foujide  wlian  tlie 
[s]prynge  of  the  day  shalbe  comen] 
se  cm  point  du  iour  len  te  treuue  a  la 
riue 

94/28  endulled]  adolee 

94/34  a  derke  cloude,  &  vanysshed 
awaye  sodaynly]  la  nuyct  obscure 
hors  Ics  metes  dc  lutnicrc  veue. 


95/1-2  How  Eneas  encyted  the  patrons 
&  maysters  of  his  shippes  for  to 
depart]  U  Comment  et  par  quelle 
ray  son  fist  tramys  a  Ence  vng  messui- 
gier  semblable  a  rnercure  pour  le  faire 
legieremcnt  et  hastiu,ement  nagier  en 
la  mer  pour  fouir  fortunes  catamites 
perilz  dangicrs  ct  amertumes  de  la 
belle  dydo 

95/9-10  &  made  theym  to  take  their 
oores  in  ha?ide]  seoir  les  compaignons 
cs  bans  jyrendre  les  rains  et  aduyrons 

95/13  lygl't  soone]  tantost  et  hastiue- 
ment 

95/15-16  sayles  &  cordes  t/iat  were 
wytliin  the  shyppes]  cordes  qui  esto- 
yent  au  nauire 

95/18-19  hymselfe  &  all  his]  c/i  soy  .  . 
se 

95/27-9  yf  her  moeuyng  were  irryted 
ayenste  vs  by  pestyfere  influences,  & 
bryng  vs  sauffe  &  peassyble  to  the 
portes  of  ytalj^e]  Si  aulcunement 
estuyt  yritee  encontre  nous  la  transu- 
mant  de  pestiferes  influences  et  nuissi- 
bles  en  fortunes  salutaires  et  paisible.s 

96/5  thei  carfe  waie  in  the  water] 
dcffendre  la  faisoyt 

96/7  wawes]  repostailles 

96/15-17  palmyerus. .  .  of  eneas  shippe, 
ben  declared,  whan  he  nij'ght  not 
withstande  ne  contreste]  palmurus 
.  .  .  du  Tmioire  quent  il  ne  pouuoit 
et  ne  scauoit  contrester 

96/19  maister]  maistresse 

96/21  cast  hem  in  to  the  ysle]  les  agita 
au  royauhn^ 

96/23  be-grauen]  scpultui-e 

96/33  illustre  &  illuniyne]  illustrcr 

97 j I  calompniouse]  calinieicses 

97/3  smothe]  esgal 

97/5-6  sawe  the  saylles  .  .  .  made  good 
waye]  vit  et  appcrceut  les  voiles  ten- 
dues  .  .  .  sen  alloyeyit 

97/9-10  mad  &  beside  herself] /orccrecs 

97/12-13  saufly  the  false  &  euyl  man 
eneas]  faulcement  ce  mnluais  homme 
ence  et  desloyal 

97/15  send  after  hym,  &  liy]  Icnuoycr  a 

97/16  liryiig  allc  to  delh]  (oict  a  mort 


202 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    1483. 


97/20-1  kylle  &  slee,  ami  brynge  theym 

alle  to]  a  sang  et  a 
97/24-5  lbu?idi'e  &  droujie  altogider  in- 
to  the    botome    of]    Effondres  tout 
dedans 
97/29  doo  .  .  .  ferre  out]  que  veulx  tii 

/aire  .  .  .  foruoyce 
97/35  this   thou   sholdest    haue   doon 

that  tyme]  alors 
98/1-2  by    the,    made    wyth    theym] 

leiirs  eussent  f aides  ne  promises 
98/5  the  .  .  .  k'\ses  .  .  .  ct  a  la 
98/6-7  wyth  thyne]  a  tout 
98/8  gaynsayd  his  goyng  openly]  mis 

contr  edict 
98/ 10- 1 1  wliiche  thyng  thou  knew,  and 

was  doon  in  thy  presence]  a  ton  sceu 

et  a  ta  presence 
^ijiS  Ascauyus]  astameus 
98/18-19  to  haue    sette  hym  in  stede 

of    other   seruyse    atte]    len    sericir 

dessus 
98/21-2  the    fortune   of    ba[ta]ylle    is 

doubtouse]   cest  chose   doubtetise   des 

aduemcns  de  hataillc 
98/23  haue  doo  brenned]  faire  hruler 

d:  ardoir 
98/25  purchase]   prouchasser  ne    allcr 

querir 
98/28-9  and  myghte  haue  slayne,  brent 

hem  .   .   .  haue   doon  wyth   theym 

after]  ou  Ics  faire  bruler  ct  ardoir  en 

Icur  ncfz  .  .  .  a 
98/32  0  fayre  so?me,  that  shyneste  full 

bright]  souleil  cler  hel  relicysant 
98/35  with]  ensemble 
99/2  highe]  de  chate 
99/9- 1 1  concluded  &  delibered  ...  I 

goo  delyuere  me  vnto  .  •  .  punyshe] 

deliberee  .  .  .  ie  me  uois  liurer  .  .  . 

prouuer 
99/13  receyue]  ouir 
99/14  be  so]  ainsi  que  aidtrement  ne 

pent  cstrc 
99/15-16  ordeyned  that  .   .   .  vutrewe 

man]    voulio    ct    oj'doune  .   .   .   des- 

loyal 
99/17  alonde  hole   &  sou«de]  en  tcrrc 

certainc 
99/21  cruell  /  stroHg]  etforl  cruel 


99/24  pntte  ther-from]  dehors 
99/27-8  namely  of  Ascanyus  his  sone, 
and  ])ryuated]  de  son  filz  ascaniws 
pimst  il  estrc  tous  temps  priue 

99/29  to  hym  also  be  gyuen  by]  lay 
soyt  aussi 

99/33-4  be  he]  soyeni  (applying  to  '  his 
folke ') 

99/36,  100/1  present,  be  put  to  an- 
guysshe  .  .  .  tormente]  luy  presoit 
.  .  .  tonrment  iusques  a  langoisse  dc 
mourir 

lOO/i  shall]  vouldra 

1 00/4-5  folysshe  enterprise  .  .  .  hurt  & 
charge] /oWe  .  .  .  charge 

100/6  in  a  rage  &  grete  sorowe]  la  rage 
en  douleur  de  fieure  affunerec 

IOO/11-13  nedefull  .  .  .  goode]  souffre- 
tcuse  .  .  .  seurc 

100/15-17  dounbe  beste,  be  he  caste 
in-to  the  depe  shadowes  of  hel,  ther 
to  suffre  tormentes  right  horrible  & 
cruel]  beste  mue  de  vioj't  trcsorrible  et 
cruclle 

100/23-4  &  frendes  alyed  /  &  alle  they 
of  your  affinyte]  alicz  et  affins 

100/32  enmyte  &  mortall  hate]  hayne 
mortellc  et  inmutie 

101/3  dethe]  vies 

101/7  V isa.y ge]  viare 

101/8-10  that  god  forbede  it  shulde  so 
come  to  .  .  .  without  to  haue  peas] 
ce  que  ia  ne  puisse  adtienir  .  .  .  sans 
auoir  sans  paix 

101/17-18  shall  slee  &  distroie]  occira 

101/19-21  he  shall  make  to  be  byhedde, 
&  tlieire  me?nbres  to  be  broke?!  &  all 
to-hewen]  les  testes  ct  membrcs  tran- 
chier 

101/22-5  within  his  prisons  shalbe 
flain  from  bed  to  fote  ;  ye  other  he 
shal  doo  cast  out  of  y^  wiwdowes 
dou?!-  to  y*  pauemeHt ;  &  to  other  he 
shal  make  theire  eieu  to  be  pulled 
out]  escorchicr  en  ses  prisoiis  aultrcs 
fera  gerctcr  mourir  de  fnin  et  les 
yeux  arachier 

101/29-31  shall  tourne  them  in  to  grete 
mendycyte.  Theyre  wyues,  that 
thenne  shall  be  come  to  the  astate  of 


COLLATION'    WITH    THE    FRENCH    OIUGIXAL,    1483. 


203 


wyJowhed]    poicurcle     mcdre    Icurs 
femmes  vcfnes 
101/36  and  imtte  oute  of]  et  de 
102/2  detbyled]  kdciujcs 
1021^  vj'rgyni's]  vicrgers  pucelles 
102/9  Hanyball]  hambal 
102/19  tray  tours  troians]  traitrcs 
102/21-2  to  them  .  .  .  euer  more]  aux 

ytaliens,  et  a  leur  oner  parfonde  noysc 

contient  debat  et  discordance  soycnt 

entre  etclx  tousiouis  sans  deffaillance 
102/22  enraged] /orii02/ee 
102/24-5  fro  all  partes  ...  to  tliewde] 

<£;  agictec  de  grant  forccncrie  .  .  .  de 

parfincr 
102/25-6  whiche  she    can  support  no 

lenger,  soo  weri  she  was  of  it]  que 

tant  hey  niiyst  de  phcs  la  supporter 
103/4  for  to  be  rydded  of  her]  pour  soy 

delle  mieulx  dcs2}cchicr  quelle  allast 

Micker  sa  seur  anne  et  la  /aire  vcnir 

a  elle  disanl 
103/9  \>y uncles]  pi naclcs 
103/14-16    of    the    styge   .    ,    .    grete 

pou«de  .  .  .  brymston]  oil,  Jieuue  du 

styge  .  .  .  lac  .  .  .  souffre 
103/21-2  timt .  .  .  flood]  ses  cJioses  qui 

.  .  ,  Jieuue  [Styx] 
103/24-6  after  thise  thynges."  this  said 

.  .  .  suft're  it]  Apvcs  ccs  ckoscs  dictcs 

.  .  .  supporter 
103/27-8    that    quyuered    &   shoke   of 

grete  rage,    &   ejttred   into   a   grete 

fransie]  qui  se  print  a  trembler  de 

grant  forcencrie  entra  enfrcimisie 
103/31  to  torue  in  to  a  wyked  kynde, 

and    in   a    mynde]    mucr   paruerse 

■nature 
103/34,  36  grene  .  .   .  balle]  vcm  .  .  . 

prunelle 
104/8  lugyng]  inxlicatiuc 
104/14  betaken  &  cast,  went  &  mou/ited] 

agictee  se  p^-int  monter 
104/19-20  the  whiche  dydo,  alle  thus 

vexed    &   troubled    in    her    wittes] 

laquclle  aliisi  forcenee 
104/23  remenauwt]  demouraiis 
104/29  wolde]  tout  voxdu  et  pccrmis 
105/8-9  wythin  my  stremes  of  the  sec] 

en  ma  Icrre 


105/10  intryiiserjuc]  tresiniquc 
105/18-19  vitupered  so  sore  and  defyled] 

tant  laidcngee 
105/28  kendled  in  this  place]  alume 
IO6/7-9    so    that    the    swerde    entred 

within  her  brest,  vnto  the  bake  of 

her]  tout  au  trauers  pcrsee 
IO6/12-13  atte  the  poynt  of  detli]  nt 

larticle 
106/ 1 8  attones]  a  coup  sans  inter ualc 

tout  le  suppost  dicclle 
IO6/20-1  alle  couered  &  defyled] /ovf^'c 
107/2-3  wyth   fire   alle   kyndled   iu   a 

flamme]  enflambe  defeu 
107/6-7  sorow  and  grete  niooue]  dueil 
107/10  madde  &   out   of  her  mynde] 

desUyCC  (£•  liors  de  son  sens  foruoyee 
107/13  and  alle  to-cratched]  descliirant 
107/23  slyped]  esmouluc 
107/24-5  to  haue  be  departed  one  from 

the  othre]  dcpartir  nc  separcr  dcu- 

semblc 
107/32-3  thou  wolde   neuer  hide  from 

nie]  mas  roulu  dccelersans  riens  muccr 

ne  plus  que  de  roy  mesmes 
107/35   caste   me    thus    abacke    from] 

mcslongcr  tout  liors  de 
IO8/11-13  vilete  &  shame  .  .   .  fowlle 

befalle]  villctc  .  .  .  lait  cas 
IO8/21-2   hath   extyncted   oure   goode 

renomraee,  k  brought  vs  in  a  grete 

blame]  no^is  a  estaint  et  a  couppe  tout 

nostre  ataintc 
IO8/25  and]  A  conynoyssons 
IO8/27-8  sorowe   and   heuynesse  .   .   . 

made  it  clene]  douleur  .  .  .  lessuya 
IO8/33  elbowe]  coude  sans  nuUement  y 

2Jouoir  parler 
IO8/33-4  sore    faylled,    of    the   dethf] 

aprouchans  de  la  viort 
109/1  wasted  alle  awaye]  dcffailloyt 
109/9  Elysse  or  dydo]  elisse 
109/12  the  rayen  bowc]  lart  du  cicl 
109/18  coenclyued]  coaduncs 
109/31  that  be  Inueterate]  inueteres 
109/35-6  she  maketh  scabbed  and  lull 

of  ytche]  la  rouge  et  gratcllc 
110/3  ;ippiiyrctli]  rabesse 
110/5  wyth  fyltlie]  dcchassie 
110/10-11     hath      awaye     fro     llieym 


204 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    14S3. 


...    all     theyi'    stiengthes]     leur 

cmblc 
110/13-14  And  after,  she  maketh  .  .  . 

bowetli  theyv  bodyes]  puis  .  .  torfaitz 
110/15   hangynge  theyr  hedes  to   the 

grounde-warde,  alle  full  of  care]  tovis 

chagrigncur 
110/18-20    taketh    theyr    fayr    colour 

awaye,  and  maketh  theym  as  pale  as 

asshes  .  .  .  wyth  a  highe  coloure  ouer] 

appullist  toutc   Iciir  coulcur  .  .  .  tt 

trop 
110/21-2  yelowe  .  .  .  lykerousset]  Mans 

.  .  .  gris 
110/22-3  of  an  olde   here  /  She  after 

shorteth     theyr    retentyue     brethe] 

vrcine  puis  leur  alonge  latcutiue 
110/24-6  And  noon  otherwyse  it  ys  to 

be  supposed,  but  that  she  doeth  in 

lyke  wyse  of  alle   the  renieuaunte] 

<b  ne  pc'Ut  pas  demorer  sa)is  panser 

trestout  la  rcmentcr 
110/29  ryueles  and  fromples]  ridures 
111/6  Of  the  beaulte  of  dydo]  Av  French 

for  this 
111/8  proserpyne]  meschine 
111/18  wodnesses   of    helle]    derniercs 

infernalles 
111/20  subdued  and  submytted  herself] 

voulu  s^cbiuguer  a  seruir  et  soubz- 

inectrc 
111/29  she  that  had  submyted  her  self] 

subrtiissa 
112/2-4  persone  .  .  .  parent  heyre]  pos- 

ses^sion  .  .  .  prochain 
112/7  tlie  fyrste  yssue]  lainsice 
112/9  311'i  reparacyons]  reparacioiis  et 

soutenemens 
112/12  in  her,  beynge  in  this  posses- 

syons  /  that  is  to  wyte]  en  estre  Cestc 

possession  cest 
112/15  and  hathe  alymented  and  nor- 

yshed  her]  alimentee 
112/19-20  qualyte,  and  ryght  egall  in 

proporcyon]  cqualite  et  droicte  dispo- 
sition 
112/21-3  fayre  heerys  and  long  yelowe 

tresses,  hangyng  betwene  two  shol- 

ders  to  the  heles  of  her]  Car  deux 

cspaullcs  Ungues  traisscz  iusqucs  mix 


vng 


talons    dores    d;    blans    contre 

bascin 
112/23  brod  and  highe  ynonghe]  asses 

hault  enleue 
112/24-5  traytice    and    broun  .  .  .  a- 

cordyng  to  the  same]  votiz  et  traitiz 

.  .  .  bises  brunes 
112/26-7  ^    fayre    &    well    compassed 

visage   ouer]   beau  tour  de  visage  a 

mcrueillcs  sur 
112/28  A  meane  noose,  not   to   grete 

nor  to  lytell]  Ic  nes  vioyen 
112/33-4  with    a  bryght    hew    there- 

with-alle,    some   what    tendynge   to 

the  rede]  bise  suruermeillccte 
112/36  traytyse    on  the  backe    syde] 

votis  en  arriere 
113/1  spotte  or  macule]  macule 
113/2  smalle,    the    sholders    and    the 

backe  flat]  grcslcs  les  cspaulles  arriere 

le  dos  batz 
113/6  withoute  eny  blemyshynge]  auec 

lentredcux    sus    esleue  sans   aiccunc 

laidure 
113/8-9  ^^^^    sorawhat    small    on   the 

neder  parte  /  lytelle  feet  and  smalle, 

with  the  toes  well  enyn  sette  togyder] 

grcslete  par  le  bas.  les  pies  petis.  et  les 

dots  bicn  serrcs 
113/IO-II  fuUe  swete   and   smothe  of 

skjmne]  soucfue  charneure 
113/12  euyn]  vnis 
113/13-15    sadde    of   behauoure   .   .   . 

contenaunce  .  .  .  replenyshed  of  all 

good  condicyons]  maintien  rasis  .  .  . 

maniere  .  .  ,  et  de  tous  bien  auecqucs 
113/24-6  the    falle  well    vnderstande, 

well  assoylled  well  &  deffended,  may 

welle  haue  releuement]  du  cas  bicn 

entcndu   bien  assailli  bien  dcffendu 

pour  bien  auoir  releuement 
113/33  tygres]  aux  tiges 
113/36  of  dydo]  delisse 
114/2  from]  auecqucs 
114/4  a  grete  pas]  a  grant  erre 
114/6  folke  is  propyce]  gens 
114/9-10  how  Eneas  sallied,  &  how  by 

tempest  he  arryued   in  cecylle]  No 

French  for  this,  but  {ns  in  other  cases) 

a  ivoodcut 


COLLATION'    Willi    THE   FRENX'U    OHIGIXAL,   14S;j. 


205 


114/12-13  of  tlie  giete  moone  that .  .  . 

after]  (jiie  .  .  .  en  sa  contree 
11 4/ 1 8  stronge     weddre     arose,     that 

brouglit  to  them]  fort  temps  Ics  leiui 

en 
114/20  hahau'/idouned  theyr  .  .  .  here] 

commanclcrent  Ics  .  .  .  allcr 
114/24  kynge]  roy  ct  sire 
114/27  the  goddesse  wolde]  Ics  dieux 

le  vouloycnt 
114/30  Soone   after   ceassed   the  tem- 

peste]  Aprcs    Ics   parolles    ccssa    la 

tempests  et  tourment 
1 1 5/3  he  wolde  make]  estoit 
115/8- 10  Wherfore  .  .  .  shewed  there 

theyr  i^rowesse,  Tourned  theyr  horses, 

and  ranne  and  lepte]  a  ses  icux  se 

pmtruoient  Adoruqucs  .   .   .  de  leur 

proiiesse  faisoient  taurs  des  cheuaulx 

et  sailloyent 
115/14  in  peyne   for   to  doo  well]  en 

paine 
115/22-3  that  were  within  the  shippes 

...  In  a  fyre]  des  ncfz  .  .  .  emprises 
115/26  broken  of  theyre  longe  vyage] 

debrL^ce 
115/28-9  went  with  other  in  hys  com- 

panye,  and]  <fc  vint  premier  a  encas 

apre-i  les  aullrcs  que 
115/34,  11 6/ 1  were   not    able   to    here 

armes,  nor  for  to  goo  to  batayalle]  en 

bataille  maistrc  nauoient 
11 6/3  iiewe]  7-ctorec 
11 6/5  Accestre]  aslroin 
1 1 6/6  gonerned]  fondee 
11 6/8-9  thoos  that  were  stronge,  and 

that  myghte  welle  endure  the  tra- 

ueylles  of  bataylle]  tous  les  aydablcs 

(b  lesfors 
II6/11  gode  and  socourable]  secaurahlcs 
II6/14-15  he  lefte  behynde  for  to  en- 

habyte]  estoient  logez  et  laisscs 
1 16/ 19  to  be  hyssed  vppe,  toke  vp  theyre 

ancres]  tendre 
11 6/20  rode]  riuayc 
II6/20-2  Thenne  myghte  ye  haue  seen 

the  ladyes  and  other  wepe  full  sore  / 

makynge  grete  moone  for]  ct  y  eicst 

grand  doulour   daucuncs    gens    que 

encas  laissoit.  car  les  dames  ploxivoicut 


11 6/26  vpon  the  forcastell]  vers  le  bout 
de  la  ncf 

II6/28  landed  in]  priiulrent  port  a 

II6/29  Tulyola]  culiolia 

11 6/3 1  gatte  hit]  la  tit 

11 6/35  cause  why]  cheoi^on 

II6/36  slialle  leue  awhyle  to  speki-] 
rous  deliray 

117/1  Pasyfa]  ^aZi/Vi 

117/5  wyth  chylde]  ensainte 

117/6  her  tyme  was  comen,  she  was 
delyuered  of]  elle  fut  deliuree  de  sa 
portcure  si  eust 

117/1 1-12  shytte  hym  vp  som  where  in 
a  stronge  holde]  lenfermer 

117/12-19  And  for  this  cause,  was 
dedalus  sente  for  to  the  kyng  Mynos  / 
by  whos  requeste  &  co?/unaunde- 
mente,  this  dedalus  deuysed  &  made 
a  house  of  merueyllouse  comx)osicyon, 
where  were  asmany  walles  as  were 
there  chambres,  that  were  in  grete 
nombre ;  and  euery  chambre  was 
walled  and  closed  rounde  aboute,  and 
yet  myghte  one  goo  from  one  to  a 
nother.  And  yf  some  body]  fut 
mande  dedalus  &  si  luy  fist  faire 
vne  maison  mcriteilleuse  autant  daul- 
tre  cloisiore  &  at  chambres  que  an 
monde  nauoit  creature  si 

117/20-1  the  firste  entree  therof,  for  to 
come  oute  ayen]  Icntrce 

117/21-2  and  whosomeuer  went  in,  after 
he  was  ones  paste]  puis  que  vn  ^xcssoit 

117/23-5  he  myghte  neuer  come  oute 
ayen  /  and  wyst  not  where  lie  was. 
Wythin  this  place  was  Mynotaurus 
broughte]  que  dnocnoieut  ceulx  qui 
dedevs  estoient 

117/28  this  foureten]  ceidx 

117/34  he  wente  and  soughte  after]  si 
quist 

11 8/4  Theseus]  thescnon 

118/6  valyaunt  /  and  hardy]  &  hctrdi 

118/8  made  hym  redy]  appareilla  son, 
crre 

II8/14  wolde  bryngehym  ayenne  alyuo] 
le  vouloient.    Quant  11  fut  venu  entour 

II8/16-20  amyable,  and  that  was  come 
for   to   be   in   thraldome  vnder   her 


20G 


COLL^\TION    WITH    THE    FUEXCII    ORIGIXAL,    14S3. 


fader  /  slie  liaddo  pj'te  of  liym  /  and 
for  liys  laonneste  behaiioure  /  Began 
to  be  taken  with  liis  loue  /  And  vnto 
hym  vpon  a  daye  she  sayde]  aucnahlc 
clla  layma  mmdt  <t  luy  (list 
II8/25-6  re(]^nyred    and    asked    liym] 

rcnquist 
II8/27  pyche  and  towe  hothe]  i^is  on 

poll 
lis, '3 1  coune  chewe  it  so  moche]  tawt 

mascher 
II8/32-3  sholde  not  swalowe   hit.   nor 
haue  it  out  of  hys  niouthe]  le  pcuM 
auallcr  ne  endurer 
11 8/33-4  thus  besy  and  sore  occupyed] 

a  ce  cxitcndroit 
II8/36  botora  of  threde]  lineeul  dc  fil 
119/2-3  goo  forthe,  wyndynge  of  this 
liotom  of  threde  tyl  he  he  come  to 
his  aboue   of  hys  entrepryse]    lyra 
desuelopcnt   tant   quil   aura  fait  sa 
besoigne 
119/4  shalle  wynde  vp  to-gyder]  suyura 
119/5-6  lyghtly  to  the  fyrst  dore  where 

he  went  ynne]  arriere 
119/6  by  the  counseylle  of]  pour 
119/7-10   and  came  ayen  oute  of  the 
place  full  soone  /  And  anone  after,  he 
toke  Adryane  wyth  hyni,  and  secretely 
entred  in-to  his  shyppe  /  and  made 
as  goode  waye  as  the  wyndes  vvolde] 
si  sa  mist  puys  en  sa  nef  tO  sc  mist  en 
sa  voye 
119/11  Mynos]   mynos   qui   moult  fat 

doulcnt  quant  it  le  sccust 
119/12  this  goodie]  ceste 
119/13-14  commamided   hym  atte  his 

departyng  from  Athenes]  dit 
119/30-1  wynges,  and  fastened  theym 

to  his  armes]  alles  en  ses  hratz 
119/32-3  connyngly  made]  pa,v  grand 

maistrise 
119/32-3  and  flouglie  oute  at  the  wyn- 
dovves   fro   the    prison  where    they 
were.     But]  si  montcrent  sur  les  fen- 
cstrcs  <fc  vollarent  tant  que 
119/35  wax  wexcd  hoote,  &  beganne  to 

melte]  cschauffa  la  cire 
120/4  Thebes]  tunes 
I2O/10-11  arryued  in  the  saide  yle  of 


Enlyola]     arriurz     (C'ax.      Tulyola, 
II6/29,  Fi'-  euliolia) 
120/14  went  Eneas/  and  there  he  woldc 
reste  hym  self  awhyle]  print  repos 
encas  dcuant  qwil  allast  en  ccllc  ville 
qwi  est  en  celle  forest 
120/15  Cryspyne]  crespie 
120/18-19  this  mater  I  leue,  for  it  is 
fayned,  and  not  to  be  byleuyd]  cefut 
mcnsonge 
120/19-23  will  knowe  how  eneas  wente 
to  helle,  late  hym  rede  virgyle,  clau- 
dyau,  or  the  pistelles  of  Ouyde,   & 
there    he    shall    fynde    more    than 
trouthe.     For  whiche  cause  I  leue  it, 
and  wry  te  not  of  it]  ct-  qui  la  vouldra 
trouuer  si  la  quicre  on  [en]  romant 
dc  eneas  ou  en  viryille 
120/23-4  had    taken    his    I'este    there 
awhile  /  he  and  his  folke  departed 
from  thens]  sc  psA'tit  dc  la 
120/25  ytalye,  in  a]  ytalicen  vne 
120/26  tonyre]  toine 
120/28  maryners]  maistres  mariniers 
120/30  entred  wthin  the  hauene]  prin- 

rent  port  (Cax.  has  '  wthin ') 
120/34  lauyne]  laume  (always) 
121/1  many  one]  lien  sachez  que  mainfz 
121/1-2  to  be  theire  spouse]  en  mariagc 
121/4  pi'cu  and  hardy]  preux 
121/7-8  Here  It  is  shewed  how  many 
kynges  had  ben  In  j'talye  afore  that] 
Quantz  roys  auoit  en  ytalic  quant 
121/11  that  successyuely]  (j'ia 
121/12-13  Lanus,  whiche  dyde  enhabyte 
there  lirste,  &  peopled  the  contree] 
lanns 
121/15  auctours]  acfcitrs 
121/17  was  a  lyue]  cstoit 
121/24  lulyus]  iulicn 
121/25  Suluyus]  siniiws 
121/27-8  consulle   of  the   loude]   con- 

seillcr 
121/31  eneas  &  of  his  folke]  encas 
121/33  trenchers]  taillouers  (50  years 
earlier    in    England    the    trenchers 
were  always  of  bread  :  see  my  Babecs 
Book) 
\22ji  all    that   was   lefte]  tons    leurs 
aultrcs  reliez 


COI.LATIOX    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    14S3. 


207 


I22/5  a  vysion]  ditiision 

122/6-7  I'uleef   or  brokelynges  of    his 

borde]  relief 
122 1 7  his]  Icur 
122/13  fynysshed]  assigne 
122/20  tolde  hym]  7-endirent  que 
122/25  Tonyre]  tonire. 
122/28  Lauynus]  lamimMS 
123/10  barreys]  licez 
123/19-20  of  peas  &  of  alyaunce]  paix 
123/20-24  3.nd  that  he  was  not  arryued 

in  his  londe  for  to  doo  to  hym,  nor 

to  the  contrey,  ony  do??image  /  but 

besoughte   hym  that  he  wolde  not 

lette  hym  of  that  he  had  enterprysed 

to  make  a  castell  vpon  his  grou?tde 

that  was  begowne]  &  que  en  sa  tcrre 

auoient  prinsport  &  quil  Tie  le  greuast 

pT.s  en  son  chastel  fermer 
123/28  wente]  vindrcnt  &  errcrent 
123/35  wyses] /aeons  &  manieres 
124/3  wente  a  pase  afore  theym,  and 

cam  &  shewed]  sen  alia  en  la  cite 

purler 
124/7  riche  &  pesable]  richcz 
124/30  and  also  ryglit  and  rayson  re- 

quyreth  that  ye  doo  soo]  <£•  si  y  av^rez 

droicture 
124/33  dyoneus]  clioneus 
125/3  comme  In-to  thys  londe]  ^/-ancZrc 

ceste  pavt 
125/9  hadde]  hero 
125/  lo-i  I  hadde  lefte  and  habandouned 

our  owne  contree]  en  paxtismes 
125/15-16  hurte,  domage,  negreuauwce] 

grexiance 
125/21  our  permanente  residence]  ar- 

restance 
125/23  Dyoneus]  Ylioneus 
125/26  7  was  .  .  .  pri?tce  of  grcte  lorde- 

shyppes]  eut .  .  .  grand  scigneurie 
125/31-2  ioye  &  good  chere  to  y«  mes- 

sagers    of   eneas]    ioye    atox   messa- 

giers 
125/35  dyoneus]  eliuncns 
126/ 1  praysed  moche  the  troians]  prisa 
126/6  Darynus]  Annius 
I26/11-12  mused  a  lytyll  in  hym  selfe] 

pense 
126/31  chaio]  char 


127/1-2  altogyder  as  it  was  sayde  and 

doon]  tout  laffaire 
127/6  aryued  in  that  londe]  armcz 
127/12-13  buylde  and  sette]/er»;cr 
127/21  frendes  and  kynnesmen]  amys 
127/26-7  gyue  tlieyr  doughter  to  a  no- 

ther,  contrary  to  their  promyse  that 

they  hadde  made  to  hym]  cefaire 
127/29  to  make  vp  theyr]  en  sa 
127/31  Lawrence]  laurence  oic  les  nour- 

rctons  dit  roy  estoicnt 
127/32-3  to   hunte   the   wylde   bestes] 

chasscr 
127/34  Syluya]  salma 
I2S/4-5  layed  her  hande  oner  him,  for 

to    make    hym    fayr   and   euyn]    Ic 

plamnst 
128/6  fed]  affcre 
12S/II  espyed]  cJieoint 
128/12  rought]  ^er6*« 
128/15-16  cryed  and  made  mone  after 

hys  manere]  hrayt 
128/16  Syluj'a]  salma 
128/19  an-augryd  and  wroth  therforc] 

cov.rronce 
128/27-8  the  most  strengthe  was  styll 

with  the   men  of  the'  countree]   la 

force  si  en  estoit  aux  paisans 
129/2  chasse  &  dryue]  chasser 
129/6  eflbrt    made,    &   bigge    estoure] 

estour 
129/28  lawrence  .  .  .  ascanyus]  lauirc 

.  .  .  ccstamus 
129/30  ma,dG]fureni  moult 
129/31  mescayus  .  .  .  eausus]  mcsanciwa 

.  .  .  lansus 
129/33  of  ytalie]  dypolite 
129/34  canulla]  decanula 
130/2  of  medc?is]  de  chirs  tfc  de  pucelles 
130/23  palatyne]  palalin  darcada 
130/28  Falencya]  pahaiicia 
131/3  and  sayd  to  hym]  pour  ce  quil 

le  chaseoit  de  son  royaulme.   moult 

sentrceommanccrcTit   bicn   en  2-'^yl(t'^i^ 

euander  dist 
131/12  that  were  strong]  plus  fort 
131/15  paleiice]  plaisance 
131/32  euander,    &    walked]   <&    a    la 

dcpartie  se  pasma  le  roy.  atant  sen 

allcrent  pnkis  (d  eneas  <i-  errcrent 


208 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    USi. 


132/9  and  made  hem  redy  vpon  the] 

et  se    apparcillcrcnt    A    ordonnercnt 

aux 
132/11  visus]  nisus 
132/12-13  k  eight   felawes  with  him] 

espcroanant  luy  huyticsmc 
132/15  out]  hors  seiorement 
132/18  dart]  espiot 
132/19  touine  of]  torn-  par 
132/20  he,    &    the    other    eyght]    luy 

huyticsme 
132/25  weute]  commence  a  alter 
132/26  see  and  knowe]  scauoir 
132/27  sonest]  myeulx  d;  plus  legicre- 

tncnt 
132/30-1    that  were  nyghe   the  shore, 

for   the   men   to   come   a  lande]  uu 

riuage 
133/1-3  sholde  not  flee  thy derwarde  for 

to   saue    theym    selfe.      They   dyde 

thenne  asturnus  hadde  co??imaunded  / 

and  brenned  alle  the  shyppes]  ne  sen 

fouisseut.  lots  mirewt  le  feu  es  iif/z 
133/12  made  goode  chere]  e^itendireut 

dc  faire  feste 
133/17  fortresse]  forteressc.  car  il  estoit 

a  grand  plantc  pour  est  re  cntour  la 

mote 
133/17-18  But    noo    body    durst    not 

auenture  for  to  goo  to  hym]  mes  nul 

ny  ala 
133/21  for  to  entre  vpon]  dauoir 
133/24    assured     were,    not     doubted] 

asseuez  estoient  ne  ne  se  donUoient 
133/33  waye  thyder]  contree  lean  corn- 
ea i?z.9 
133/34  shal   be   rewarded  ryght  welle 

therfore]  en  auray  grant  vieritc 
133/35  vnderstode     hys    fclawe     that 

spacke  soo]  se  troutoa  Men  viocque 
134/2-3   be  so  famylier,  and  haue  hadde 

so  goode  felyship]  /leu  tant  de  piriuete 

tfc  conjiaignee 
134/9  for  to  goo  to  eneas]  a  f aire 
134/15  &  also  my  self]  db  roy  (?)  atissi 
135/1-2  to  telle  that  that  was  to  come] 

de  deuincr 
135/26  they   hadde   on   theyre    hedes] 

erialns  auoit  en  sa  teste 
135/30  {ox6s\]  forest  en  signe 


136/i  hvas.i']  forest  a  sonne 

136/2  path]  sentier  prestez 

136/9  swete]  beau  doulx 

136/13  noyse  of  the  horses]  bruyt  des 

cheuatdx  et  la  noyse 
136/17  his  enmyes  abont  his  felawes] 

entour  son  compaignon 
136/25  horse]  chrual  sans  moult  dire 
136/31  doun  ded]  tout  estandu 
136/33  The  French  chapter-heading  is, 

'  Comment  le  connestaMe  Jit  couptpn- 

les  testes  a  deux  compaignons,  d;  turnus 

les  flct   rtirctre  s^cr    deus   lances,    A 

porter  dcuant  le  chastel. ' 
137/4-5  bolcus,   the   conestable,   to  be 

alle    forceiied   wyth    grete    rage]    a 

fronccr  vohrene  de  mal   talent  <£•  de 

grand  ire  a  alumer 
137/6  cam]   venoient  a  dire  ne  qui  ce 

leur  fasoit 
137/14-15  bolcus  smote  eryalus]  voulcnt 

fcrir  crraclamcm 
137/18  bolcus]  volcmos 
137/27-8  as    longe    that    he    myghte 

stande]  pour  garentir  sa  vie 
137/29-30  wel  sharpe  ciittynge]  Iran- 

chaws  ft  esmouhocs 
137/33  Bolcus]  folzcus 
137/34  Turnus]  erst 
138/1-2  sawe  there  theym  that  made] 

trouuerent 
138/3  tentes]  tentcs  <lb  mrsmcment  nu- 

mowtor  y  estoit  grand  doleur  dcmener 
138/4-5  sholde  he]  fust  grnerallcvient 
138/7-8  made  ...   to  be  smytten   of 

from  theyr  bodyes]  ft  prandre 
138/9  and]  il  les  fit 
138/II  fere  and  abasshe]  esbahir 
138/15  the  place]  aiix  murs 
138/i6  17  trompettes    for   to    gyue   a 

sharpe  sawte]  trompetes  <£•  biissi^ies  en 

lost  po2cr  assallir  moult  aigremcnt 
1 38/20  theyr  pauesses]  targes 
138/22-3  logges,  wyth  sharpe  yron  atte 

the  ende]  cspieuz  aguz 
138/25-6  walles  of  theyr  fortresse]  mur 
138/27  all-to  burst  theyre  bodyes]  tout 

leurs  corps 
139/4  the  toure  on  a  fire]  le  feu  en  cclle 

tour  qici  tantostfut  par  tout  cspandu 


COLL.VTIOX    WITH    THE    rUKXCH    OUIGIXAL,    1483. 


209 


139/5  "lie  in  a  ilame]  cnhrasce 
139/ 1  o,  13  Elecor]  liccors 

139/18  of  the  other]  daultre  auoir  graiis 
ojisuulx  <£;  pcsaiis 

139/31  tidyiiges]  nobles  nouuellcs 

139/33  ^^'s^s  to  grete]  moxbltfut  laidaigc 
au  jjort 

140/1-2  his  knyghtes  also,  for  to  lette 
thej'iu  of  theyr  lamlyng]  sa  chcuakrie 

140/2-4  Eneas,  that  wyth  his  barons 
that  were  iu  his  shij)  wyth  hym,  was 
landed  first  of  idle  /  And  defended 
the  porte  ayeust]  piii/s  que  e)icas  fiU 
sicr  terre  et  qtoil  fut  arriue  ct  monte 
sur  son  che2uil  il  Jit  tircr  arriere 

140/7  of  the  one  parte  /  And  of  the 
other]  dune  part  ct  daultre 

140/8  atte  his  comynge  vpon,  he  ouer- 
threwe  &  slewe  Sythera]  dc  prime 
face  quit  arriua  il  occist  chytcrca 

140/12  there]  qui  adonc  vcist  palas 
comme  il  fasoit  merueilleux  faiz 
darmcs  et  tons  les  aultres  aussi.     La 

140/14  happed]  ctduintdont  ilfut  moult 
doulent  triste  et  courroucc 

1 40/21  wrothe  and  sore  an-angred  vpou] 
courro'uce  &  bicn  Ic  compavarcnt 

140/26  afore]  deuant.  <{;  saclicz  qite 
moult  vohintiers  souffrirent  contre 
leurs  ennemys  pour  eulx  vengcr  aux 
espiotz  tranchans  et  asserez  cfc  a^ix 
esijces 

140/28-9  the  dethe]  lamour 

140/31  valyannt  I  iireu]  preux 

140/32  fende]  dyahle 

lilji  harme,  and  euylles]  de  maicx 

141/2  dyde  transforme  hym  self]  se  mist 

141/14  sette  nought  by  hys  enchaunte- 
mentes]  ncn  chailloit  gueres 

141/16-17  of  Eneas  that  was  nyghe  by 
the  shores]  du  riuage 

141/31  that  heelde  hit]  de  quoy  clle 
estoit  atachee  a^c  port 

142/1-2  Eneas  smote  Merencyus  wyth 
his  spere  in  his  thye  a  grete  stroke] 
increncius  ferit  eneas  dune  espee  en  la 
teste  [cuisse  in  the  after  text] 

142/4-5  DVrynge  this  while  that  Turnus 
wende  to  haue  chassed  Eneas]  Entre- 
tanl 

KNEYDOS. 


142/5-6  thyckest  presse  of  the  bataylle] 

hataille 
142/7-8  to  theii-  deth  wyth  his  swerde] 

a  martire 
I42/11  soo  sore  an-angred  he  was]  tant 

estoit  courrouce  te  (ef)  forcenne 
142/14-5  hadde  broughte  hym  to  this 

grete    sorowe]    auoit    embate    en    ce 

point 
142/16  slayne  afore  his  cyen]  destran- 

chier 
142/21-23  of  tonyre,  wyth  the  streme 

that  was  so  bigge,  tyll  that  it  cam 

in-to  the  hauen  of  the  cyte  of  darda, 

wliere  as  kyng  daryus]  dantoirs  nar- 

resta  oncques  detcaut  au  port  de  la 

cite  le  roy  darinus 
142/26  Lansus]  lazus 
142/30  troians]  gens  eneas 
142/33-4  afore  hym]  deuant  luy  a  dextrc 

et  a  scnestrc 
142/34  sawe  hym]  le  vit  et  laperccut 
143/4  espyotte  or  spere]  cspiot 
143/6  sore  an-angred  .  .  .  ranne  vpon 

Eneas]  moult  ire   ct  courrouce  .  .  . 

luy  courut  sus  a  toute  lespce  nue 
143/9-1 1  his  wounde  bled  alle  to  sore  / 

and  yet  was   a  parte   of  the  spere 

wythin   /   that  greued    hym    ryght 

sore]  encores  estoit  la  cuisse  enchantee 

de  la  lance 
143/15-16  Lansus  sawe  his  fader  meren- 
cyus  thus   sore   hurte]    lenfent  fut 

ainsi  veto  nafure  son  pcre 
143/21  teeth]  ^les 
143/24-5  made  his  wounde  to  be  shwed 

vppe]/asoii  couldre  sa  playe 
143/31-2  wyth    the   corpus  /  makyng 

gret  mone,  &  cryeng  full  heuely]  a 

tout  le  corps  a  grand  cry 
143/34,    144/1-2,    sighe,     wolde     haue 

hadde  grete  merueylle  /  He   rented 

his  clothes,  and  tare  hys  herys  from 

his   owne  hede,   and]   doloser  <fc  scs 

cheucux  detyrer 
144/4-5  to  be  dressed  and  bounden  vji] 

estandre  et  bander 
144/7  y"  dethe  of  his  sone  vpon]  son 

filz  de 
144/9  launche  or  cast]  lancer 


210 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    1483. 


144/14  sonc,  I  am]  fdz  .   .  .  que  Umt 

amoyc  vecz  moy 
144/21  went  vpon  liym  Avith  a  spere] 

Imj  lanca  vno  lance 
144/23-4  Theime    rose    there    a    gvete 

noyse   and   a  grete   crye]  si  y  cud 

grand  cry. 
144/27  coude  be  vpon  liys  fete]  sc  sccust 

rclcuer 
145/2  shyppe,  &  sente  It  to  his  fader] 

ncf 
145/8  corpus]  corps 
I45/10-11  of  a  kynge  apparteyneth,  & 

putte  it  in  to  a  ahippe]  dc  roy 
145/12  goten]  conqtccstee 
145/17-18  moder  in  lykewyse,  for  hys 

dethe]  mere 
145/19  with]  5'ui  apportcrcnt 
145/23  ha,  a]  hee 
145/32-4,   146/i  I    make    were    aienst 

turnus,  that  wold  haue  lauyne,  the 

doughter  of  kynge  Latynus,  ayenst 

the  wille  of  the  goddes]  a  turnus  que 

le  roy  latin  a  safillc  fiance. 
146/4-7  &  that  he  that  sliolde  haue  the 

victorye  ouer  the  other  /  he  sholde 

haue  the  pucelle  lawyne,  &  her  faders 

good  wylle  with-allc  /  and  the  other 

that  were  ouerconie]  sil  iieii  vueult 

lonncur  tous  les  diciix  le  donroient  ct 

I  autre 
146/7  liis  lyffe]  la  tcrre  ct  la  vie 
146/9-1 1  &  reporto  to  the  kynge  that 

that   I   liaue   saide,  &   that   I   wyll 

abyde  by.     And  that  he  doo  me  to 

knowe]  si  le  dictes  au  roy  ct  luyfaictcs 

entendre  ce  que  turnus  dit  ie  wus  en 

diz 
146/13  fydelyte]  loyauUe 
146/25  dyde  ceasse]  finercnt  <fc  turnus 
fut  reuenu  de  sa  cite  si  coxame  vous 

auez  ouy  et  viiit  a  laurcnce 
146/34  ayenste  Eneas  /  and  that  bare] 

il  cnuoya 
147/4-5  After    that    he   came    agayne 

from   puylle]  d-  de   la    mnoient    les 

messages 
147/9-10  afore  Troye  /  we  made  to  hym 

due  reuerence]  a  troyc  dcstraire  nuus 

le  saluasmes 


147/19  Gatte  nor  wane]  gaignasmes 
147/21  knyghtes  distroyed]  nolle  chcual- 

lerie 
147/26  other  grekes]  ayaulx  dcs  autres 
147/34  strengthe  and  proesse]  rudesse 
147/35-6  two  hounderd  knightes  suche 

as  lie  is,  &  in  theyre  cowipanye]  c  c. 

ct  auec 
148/ 1  troylus]  troilus  cojnmc  ilz  cstoient 
148/2  wasted  &  distroied]  destruicte 
148/3-4  And  Also  ye  muste  vnderstande 

for  veraye  certeyne]  Car  sachcz 
148/4-5  recystence  that  was  made  ayenst 

vs  grekes  afore  Troye]   demouranee 

quifutfaictc 
148/19-20  as  longe  as  that  the  goddes 

wyll  be  on  his  side]  quant  est  en  la 

garde  des  dieux 
148/27  marcheth   towards    cecylle  .  . 

grounde]  sestant    iusques  en    cecille 

celle  terre  tienncnt  .  .  montaigne 
148/30  townes,  cytees]  villes 
149/1  for  to  knowe  his  wylle  in  this 

byhalue]  sil  le  fera  tfc  sil  votdclra  ce 

prandre. 
149/4  goode  kynge]  roy  chose  est  venue 
149/5  knowe  well]  ne  scauent  mye 
I49/S-9  wherby  Eneas  is  vexed  more 

stronge]  it  Men  sachez  q%ie  eneas  nons 

asserra  taiit  dedans. 
149/15  fyghte  hym  selfe  alone]  covnhatre 
149/23-4  wyth  hym,  hande  for  hande] 

qui   le  huche  ct  demandc.     Then  a 

fresh  chapter  U  Comment  it  fut  diuise 

deuant  le  roy  latin  dc  combatre  corps 

a  corps 
149/24-5  turnus,  that  was  come  ayen 

to  Lawrence  .  .  .  Drastes]  turnus  .  .  , 

adrasan 
149/29-30  wylte  not   come  nyghe    yf 

thou  mayste  kepe  the  a  side]  nen  as 

que  faire  premiers 
149/31  firste  that  shall  s^ekd]  eneas  ct 

turnus. 
149/33  Drastes]  drasan 
149/33-4  that  he  neuer  sawe  dyomedes 

fyghte  wyth    eneas]   <£•  a  dire  gue 

encores  auoient  ilz  gens  assez  iamais 

y  ne  vist  diomcdes  pour  chaser  eneas 

dehors  la  terre 


COLLATION    WITH    THE    FRENCH    ORIGINAL,    1483. 


211 


150/2  tliouglie  he  were  as  stronge  as 
the  deuyll]  se  il  natooit  plus  grand 
force  que  il  na. 

150/5  the  sayd  Eneas]  dictcs  d'  cneas 

150/9-10  for  to  comme  and  take  the 
cyte  by  force]  poior  la  cite  prandre 
<fc  venoicnt  pour  lassallir 

150/14-15  that  they  sholde  be  redy 
right  soone  for  to  yssue  out  with 
hym]  qnil  sen  yssisscnt  a  ses  murs. 

150/16-17  bussyues  and  trompettes] 
bucines 

150/18  lauyne]  V'liAme 

150/21  flee,  &  who  sholJc  abyde]  fuir- 
oycut 

150/25  CanuUa]  Camine 

150/27  hys  knytes]  sa  com^migiiic  et 
centre  sa  cheualerie 

150/28-9  that  Turmis  sholde  abyde 
wythin  for  to  kepe  the  walles  of  the 
cyte  /  And  she  sayde,  syre,  lete  nie 
doo  with]  vous  clemcmres  aux  mu7-s 
ds  la  cite  et  vous  ne  lairez  conucnir  de 
maintenir 

151/6-7  crosbowes  and  my  knightes] 
clieualiers 

151/7-8  whan  our  enmyes  shall  be 
come  in  to  /  the  narow  waye]  et  sil 
senibat  sur  nous  aincois  quil  soil  hors 
du  dcstroit 

151/10-18  ye  shall  abyde  atte  this  side, 
for  to  goo  vpon  the  ti'oians  whan  they 
shall  come  /  And  thenne  came  there 
Mesapus  wytli  a  goode  bande  of 
folke,  whiche  Turnus  exhorted  for  to 
doo  well  /  and  that  he  sholde  fyghte 
that  daye  vnder  the  banner  of  the 
noble  &  preu  lady  CanuUa  /  And 
after  that  he  hadde  sette  all  his 
knyghtes  in  goode  arraye]  This  trans- 
poses &  alters  the  French  :  et  Ics 
tristramiens  comux  et  taulrix  et  mesa- 
pus  et  tv,rnus  en  orta  mo%t,lt  Men  f aire 
[repeated  below.]  Lars  sen  dcpartit 
turnvis  luy  et  sa  cheualerie  et  vons 
qui  demourez  comme7iceres  le  tournay 
et  voxxs  et  vostre  compaignie  en  ayez 
la  cure  ces  parolles  vint  mrsapus  que 
turnna  enorta  moult  de  Hen  faire. 
Lors  sen 


151/19  conroe]  couroe 

151/20  caules]  et  caulcs 

151/23  fyght  togyder]  hatailler  r/ue 
oncqMes  ny  cut  traces  demandecs  ne 
dune  part  ne  daultre 

151/26  atte  their  comynge  handu  to 
liande  togyder]  quant  ilz  asscmbler- 
eni 

151/27  And  they]  taut  scntrcmelloycut 
et 

151 /2S  thycke  and  soo  fiiste]  durcmewt 

151/31  rebuked  rtieyiii]  Ics  misrcut  a  la 
voye 

151/33-4  the  cliyefF  capytayues  of  the 
Latynes,  wyth  theyr  conipanye  well 
horsed]  Ics  latino  les  chief z  dcs  cheto- 
aulx 

151/35-6,  152/1-5  And  the  Latynes  bare 
theym  selfe  full  well  a  while,  that  by 
force  of  arnies  they  made  the  troyeus 
to  retourne  bak  /  But  atte  the  last, 
the  ti'oyens  that  were  neuer  wery  of 
bataylles  /  made  there  merueylles  of 
arnies,  so  that  the  latynes  myght 
susteyne  noo  lenger  the  weyght  of 
they  re  swerdes  /  but  were  ageyne 
putte  abak]  quo  force  Icicr  fut  de 
retourner  arricre 

152/9-10  by  force  of  grete  fayttes  of 
armes]  a  force 

152/12  destruction  and  grete  slawghter 
made,  bothe]  destruction 

152/13  barres]  lices 

152/15-17  other  that  were  ther,  tiie 
queene  Caunle  dyde  best  In  armes, 
and  kylled  and  slewe  the  troyens  on 
eyther  syde  of  her]  Ics  conrois  y  esloit 
la  roync  canullc,  (Caxton's  Caunle 
is  for  Canulc.) 

152/18-22  a  bowe,  and  a  sheed'e  of 
arowes  hangynge  by  her  syde  ;  One 
tyrue  she  shotte  /  Another  tyme  slio 
smotto  gi'ete  strokes  with  her  swerde, 
and  hewe,  cleued,  and  cutted  of  hedes 
and  armes  clene  from  the  bodyes] 
la/rt  et  conroye  plainc  de  sagectes  dont 
assez  aucuns  transclveoient  mains  bras 
<fr  piez  et  corps  sans  attendance 

152/26  his  offyee]  celle 

152/27  fayttes  of  knygthed]  chcud.lcrie 
P   2 


212 


COLLATION'    WITH    THE    FRENCH   ORIGINAL,    1483. 


1 52/30  sore  moche]  moult 

152/32  Anyiis]  amus 

152/34  of  the  noble  troians]  Icur 

153/ 1  wrathe]  ducil 

153/2  slayne]  tuc  <b  occis  pour  sa  grand 

forcencrie. 
153/3  his  oroysen]  sa  raison 
153/6  swerde  a  vengable  stroke]  esiice 
153/6-7  soo   that   he   dyde    cutte   the 
harneys  /  and  made  his   swerde  to 

entre  in  to]  ct  luy  faulsa  lermcurc  d: 
luy  cntana 
153/8-9  ferre  wythin  the  body  of  her  / 

soo  that  anone  after,  she  felle  ded  to 

the  grouwde  :    And  after]  <£•  il  luy 

mist  ou  corps  d-fcr  (bfuist  ensemble 
153/14  feelde]  cstour 
153/16  fallen  doun    from    her    horse] 

chcue 
153/18-19  began  all  for  to  tremble  and 

shake]  fremii'cnt  toutes 
153/19  recoueraimce]  retournancc 
153/20  wythin   the    barreers]    vejs   les 

desirois  des  lices 
153/21  ouer  thro  wen   and   cast  doun] 

dabatus 
153/24  of  Camilla,  the  worthy  quene] 

la  royne 
153/28-9  chyualre  vponthe  mou?itayne, 

as  it  is  said  afore]  chcuallerie 
154/4-5  the  Turnyens  .  .  .  wythdrewe 

theym  selfe  in-to  the  cyte]  se  yssircnt 

ly  notier 
154/6-7  of  tl^e  towne  /  where]  C7i  Iciirs 

lices  & 
154/8-9  was  full  sory  and  wrothe  for] 

cust  grand  ire  de 
154/14  couenaunte]  conucnance 
154/15-16  pucelle  lauyne  to  his  wyff] 

femmc 
154/19  bachelor]  iouucnceau 
154/21-2  well    thyselfe,    how   grete    a 

londe  thou  shalt  haue  in  thy  holde 

after  thy  fader  is  deceassed]  a  tenir 

si  grand  terrc  die  roy  dauns  ton  2}erc 
154/24-6  maydeus    ben   in   ytalye,    of 

noble  blode  /  and  of  highe  estate,  of 

whiche  thow  myghtest  chose  one  to 

be  thy  wy^fcmmcs  en  ytalie 
154/29  haue]  auoye 


154/29-30  gi-auuted  her  to  the  for  to  be 

thy  wyf]  donncc  et  octroyee 
154/35-6  nomore  /  and   no  longer  we 
may   not  well   abyde   wythin]  plus 
estre  en 
155/5  hole  &■  sounde]  sain 
155/6  Loke  &  beholde]  regarde 
155/13  finysshed]  eslcuee 
155/16  that  my  honour  and  praysinge 

be  encreassed]  croistre  vion  2jris 
155/18  fyghte  wyth  Eneas]  combatrc 
155/19-20   of    my    body  more    nyghe 

goon]  nisse  do  via  chair 
155/22  goddesse]  diuerse  (for  decssc) 
155/23  yf  I]  si  ie  ne  me 
155/24  Arnatha]  chamata 
155/29  seeste   falle  fro  myn  eyen]  ma 

■voys  plourcr 
155/31  wyth  Eneas]  aux  troycns 
155/34  Whan  Lauyne]  quant  lolantc  & 

moult  en  eust  coulcur  laume 
156/13  announce]  nunccr 
156/15  ryght  glad]  lycz  ct  ioyeulx 
156/17  playne  afore  the  cj'te]  plaine 
156/22  of  bothe  sydes]  sachcz  que  du 

piart 
156/28-9  conuenauutes    were    deuysed 

and  made]  jxirollcfut  affairemcnt 
156/34-5  harde  among  a  grete  many] 

par  grand  redcur  ct  si  ferit  en  vray 

trouppcau 
156/35  water]  torpcau 
157/2  hepe  of  theym] /oic  des  aultres 
157/5  couered  wyth  theym]  totot  cspes. 

tfc  si  dcvienoient  vioult  grand  noyse 

ajjres  laiglc 
157/12  Turnyens]  rutilicns 
157/15  bytokenynge]  signijiancc 
157/16-17  houered  in  theym  selfe  soo 

sore]  frcmissoicnt 
157/20    Lordes      turnyens]      Seigneur 

ruthilcn 
157/22  lighted    anionge   the   hepe   of] 

sc  ferit  dedans  ks 
157/23-4  wasteth   and  dystroyeth]  de- 

gaste 
157/24-6   that     we     enuyronne     hym 

rounde   aboute  wyth   goode  men  of 

arraes,  as  the  swannes  dyde]  Ic  signe 

Jirent 


COLLATION     Wrni    THE    I'lUCXi  II    OiMCI.VAL,    U"*.!. 


213 


157,'27  WfU  I  wote  tliat]  sachcz  que  il 
ticndra  sa  voyc  <t- 

I5S/3-4  of  the  one  parte  /  And  of  the 
other]  dune  'jxirl  ct  diiidlrc 

158/6-7  deuysed  and  made  /  That  Turinis 
and  I  shall  fyghte  tor  you  alle]  dial- 
sees  que  nous  deux  nous  debuons  com- 
hntrc 

158/IO  (juareyll]  srt;!ccte 

I5S/13  smote  hym  selfe  in  to]  scfcrit 
.  .  dedans 

108/19-20  launche  and  caste]  laneer 

153/25  of  Ozon  of  trove]  doyon  dc  troye 
Eumcdes  <C-  auoni 

158/33,  1^9/i-3)  ayenst  nie  /  wliefore  I 
shall  gyue  to  the  thy  fylle  tlierof  / 
and  with  the  same,  he  toke  liys  iiand 
fulle  of  erthe  fro  the  grounde,  and 
fylled  hys  throte  tlierwithalle,  while 
tliat  he  was  a  passynge]  origutcs  pour- 
quay  est  a  mejiurer  lanjement  ta  2Mrtie 

159/3-5  wite  for  veraye  trouthe,  sayde 
Turnus  to  hym,  that  alle  thus  I 
shall  rewarde  theym  of  thy  nacyon] 
saclics  hlcn  cfue  tel  loicx  si  seroit  de 
ceul.c 

159/15-16  and  spoved  hys  liorse  atte] 
cneeis  tciwit  tag  grant  cypieu  et  point 

159/17-19  And  he  had  liys  knyghtes 
made  roome  afore  theyin,  and  slewe 
doune  many  of  the  Latynes  and 
turnyens  att  euery  liandc  of  hem]  rt 
lui  et  la  ekeualerie  la  cut  grant  eri 

15P/20  Ytalyens,  so  that  they  trembled 
for  feere]  rens  dcs  ytaliciis  ct  fremc- 
rcat 

159/21   Afram]  ofrnni 

VoS^liZ  Atherantum]  Aterantiuni 

159 '31-2  Went  euer  Iiere  and  there 
alonge  the  wynges  of  the  batayUes] 
voarlioit  les  rewi  des  Iruicns 

159/34  dydo  P^neas]  furent 

159/34  And]  Enras 

160/6-7  they  dyde  soone  as  Eucas  liadde 
commaunded  tlieyni]  aiii^i2)eut  restre 
relaissa  tantost  comiue  il  se  dit 

160/10  a-fore]  f/t  la  preuiicrc  asscmblce 

I6O/13  dyscordeand  varyauuce]  discors 

I6O/14  Eneas]  cneas  el  Ic  receuoir  a 
seigneur 


I6O/20-1   that   tlie    troians    dyde   s.ttc 

vjjpe  to  tliewalles]  dreeer 
I6O/2S  knowen  in  the  towne]  seeuc 
I6O/30  Lauyne]  hiniinn 
I6O/32-3  And  pulled  of  his  heeres]  a-'.v 

eiins 
I6I/1   that  was  made  wythin  the  eytr] 

de  la  cite  et  la  ericc 
I6I/3  thyhe]  corps 
I6I/4  walopjje]  (juloiJcr 
I6I/19  art  here, gawrynge  about  nought] 

ten  eois  elieoir  et  val  la  //lontagne 
I6I/20-I  he    was   ashamed,  and  ryght 

sore  wrothe,  and  on-angerd]  en  cut 

douleur  d-  honte 
161 /23  eharyot]  eheunl 
I6I/30  in  a  felde,  one  geynst  the  other] 

en,  eliamp 
16'2lg  to-lii'wen    and    broken    alle    to 

peces]  de.-oupp'-Z 
16'2/i5  the  rynge]  a  maulx 
162  17-18  the  sorowe  that  he  made  for 

y''  detlie  of  Palas,  that  turnus  had 

slayne]  eellc  deaileur  ele  pmlas 
IG2/24-5  the  pueelle  Lauyne]  lanieac 

162  26  wc(lded  Lauyni',  and  hadde]  eut 
Inniini^  et 

162/34  royame]  royemlme  sans  cc  quil 

en  eust  la  seigneuric  tuus  les  iuurs  tin 

sa  vie 
16:3/3-4  ded  that  were  yet  in  the  feeldes] 

qui  oeeis  est  aye  nt 
163/7-8  thoroughe  all   the   royame   of 

ytalye]  de  quoii  elle  esloit  emprise 
163/IO  Lauyne]  lanime 
163/iS  d-'ved  /  and  deceassed]  trespassa.st 
I63/20  WL'rres]  i/iierres  et  meUees 
163/20  r^lereneyus]  Mcantiuni 
163/22-3  15y  eause  that  dethe  toke  hym 

sooner  than  he  wendi-]  pour  la,  nturt 

qui  lui  Jut  Inep  prtfUehaine 

163  26  was  but  yonge]  lui  venoit 
163/32  wyth     thi'    thondcr     bolte]    de 

fuuliirc 
16-1/22-3  her  son   siluyus  betwene   lirr 

amies]  sun  jih 
I6-I/24  londc]  terre  et  de  ses  lioiumes 
1 64/25  Sylnyum]  silcnuvi 
I6I/25  appaitenauiiees]  aioustanees  vU 

appcndaixces 


214 


COLLATION    WITH   THK   FRENCH    ORIGINAL,   1483. 


165/20  CCCC]  troys  ccns 

165/21  the  royame]  le  regne  son  fr ere 

X^'hlzi  Capys  siluyus]  cafis 

165/28  Ehiberyiius]  chihcrinws 

Idb/zg  Capestus]  ca2Ktii,s 

165/29  Syluyims]  siluius 

160/32  syhiynxis]  Jilius 

165/34  After]  Aprcs  armclius  quentius. 
XXX  ciii.  atis.  Aprcs 

I65/34-5  In  this  kynges  dayes]  A  cestuy 

I66/2-3  shall  here  make  an  ende  of  this 
lytyll  boke  /  named  Eneydos]  diray 
qui  fiirent  les  commcnccmcns  deulx  et 
cks  aiUres  royauhncs.  Et  soubz  quelz 
roys  Ics  royaidmes  fiorent  iusqucs  au 
temps  potius  qui  tint  lombar'die  Car 
de  ceulx  entre  lewscigne  pour  listoirc 
de  thebrs  et  de  troyes  Mais  ainsi  le 
demandoit  oir  le  conte  pour  venir  aux 
histoircs  de  t7vyes. 


164/26  Ascanyus  buylded]  II  cstora 
I64/26  of  Albe]  darqucs 
I64/32  Loinbardye  that  were  syth  As- 
canyus] ascanium  qidfurcnt  en  loni- 

hardie 
164/33  Romulus  that  founded   Rome] 

Q-omulim 
I64/34-5  heelde  and  buylded  Albe]  tint 

albe  ct  iusques  au  temps  que  romuhis 
fomia  romme  ilfut  chief  du  royaulme. 

aseanus  mit  nul  Jioir  a  qui  il  laissast 

apres  luy  sa  terrefors  que  silinwa  son 
frcre.     A  celhcy  laissa  il  apres  luy 

tout  son  royaulme. 
164/35  Syluyus]  silinus 
165/2  Syluyus]  silinus 
16 5/ 1 3  Syluyus]  silinus  (always) 
I65/14  lulyus]  iulum 
I65/18-19  vnto   Ascanyus  tyme,  that] 

c^t,t  iusqucs  a  la  mort  aseanus  Silinus 

son  frcre 

I6G/4-9  H  Cu  finit  le  Ihire  des  eneydes  compile  par  Virgille  le  quel 

a  este  trmislate  de  Icdlii  en  francois  Imprime  a  li/on  p)ar  malstre 

Giullaume  le  roy  le  dernier  iour  de  septemhre  Lan  mil  quatre  cens. 

Ixxx  in. 

The  collation  is  '  a-c  in  eights,  the  first  leaf  blank  ;  d-g  in  sixes ; 

h-1  in  eights  ;  m,  six  leaves,  the  last  blank.     A  most  beautiful  copy, 

full  of  rough  leaves.' — Hidh  Catalogue,  v.  1539.     It  has  61  quaint 

outline  woodcuts  the  full  width  of  the  folio  page,  and  about  half  its 

height.     The   chapter-initials  are   in   red,  done  by  hand.     The  full 

page  has  32  lines.     The  Prologue,  on  a  2,  is 

ALo?ineur  de  dieu  tout  puissant  de  la  glorieuse  vierge  marie  mere 
de  toute  grace.  &  a  la  vtilite  &  prouffit  de  toute  la  police 
mondaine  ce  present  liure  compile  par  virgille  tressubtil  & 
ingenieux  orateur  &  poete  intitule  esneydes  a  este  translate  de  latin 
en  co??imun  langaige  auq?fel  pourro?«t  tous  valereux  princes  &  aultres 
nobles  veoir  mo?dt  de  valereux  faictz  darmes.  Et  aussi  est  le  p;'e.<ent 
liure  necessaire  a  tous  citoye«s  &  habita?is  en  villes  &  chateaulx  car 
ilz  verro»t  cojHuie  iadis  trove  la  gra?it  &  plusieurs  aultres  places 
fortes  &  inexpugnables  out  este  assegies  apreme/^t  &  assaliez  &  aussi 
corageuseme/tt  &  vailla»uneHt  deffendues.  Et  est  ledit  liure  au 
tewips  pre/?ent  fort  necessaire  pour  instruire  petis  &  gra«s  pour 
chascu?^  en  son  droit  garder  &  deifendre.  car  chose  ^his  noble  est  de 
mourir  que  de  villaineme«t  esLre  subiugue. 

This,  with  the   first  chapter-heading  and  its  woodcut,  fills  the 
page.     The  contractions  of  the  original  are  expanded  as  usual  by  nie. 


PR 
1119 
E5 

no.  3, 
etc. 


Early  rnglish  Text 
Society 

cPublications-j 
Extra  series,     no. 3, 54-, 57 


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