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Cjje  lilgrimage  d  t\t  f ift  of  Pan. 


idra  .Scries,  lxxvii,  i.xxxiii,  xcii. 
1899,  1901,  1904. 


BERLIN  :   ASHER  &  CO.,  13,  UNTER  DEN  LINDEN. 

NEW  YORK :   C.  SCRIBNER  &  CO. ;   LEYPOLDT  &  HOLT. 

PHILADELPHIA  :   J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  &  CO. 


4  Pan, 


EXGLISHT    BY 

JOHN  LYDGATE,  a.d.  1426, 

FROM    THE    FRENCH    OF 

GUILLAUME   DE   DEGUILEVILLE,  a.d.  1330,  1355. 


THE  TEXT  EDITED   BY 


F.   J.   FURNIVALL,   M.A.   Cambridge, 

Hon.  Dr.  Phil.  Berlin  ;   Hon.  D.  Litt.  Oxford  ; 
Founder  and  Director  of  the  Early  English  Text  Society. 


WITH   INTRODUCTION,  NOTES,  GLOSSARY  AND   INDEXES 

BY 

KATHARINE   B.  LOCOCK, 

ASSOCIATE   OF   KINQ's   COLLEGE,    LONDON. 


LONDON : 

PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  EARLY  ENGLISH  TEXT  SOCIETY 

By  KEGAN  PAUL,  TRENCH,  TRtfBNEE  &  CO.,  LIMITED, 

DRYDEN  HOUSE,  43,  GERRARD   STREET,  SOHO,  W. 

1899,  1901,  1904. 


PR 

1113 

EEL 


(ExtlH    ScmS.   LXXVII,  LXXXIII,  XCII. 


RICHARD    CLAY   &   SONS,    LIMITED,    LONDON    AND    BUNGAY. 


CONTENTS. 


PREFACE       

INTRODUCTION :  - 

T.    THE    RELATION     OF     DE     GUILEVILLE'S     POEM     TO     THE 
ROMANCE    OF   THE   ROSE 
II.    THE    DIFFERENT    VERSIONS    OF    THE    POEM 

III.  THE     RELATION     OF     DE     GUILEVILLE's     TWO     VERSIONS 

TO    ONE    ANOTHER     ... 

IV.  LYDGATE's    METR5 

V.  lydgate's  language  and  style 
VI.  lydgate  and  bunyan 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

THE    MSS.    OP    lydgate's    POEM 

GUILLAUME    DE    GUILEVILLB      ... 

TABLE    OF    CONTENTS    ... 

FOREWORDS    (OF    1899    BY    DR.    FURNIVALl) 

AFTERWORDS    (OF    1905    BY    DR.    FURNIVALL) 

TEXT     ... 

NOTES 

GLOSSARY 

INDEX  ... 

INDEX    OF    NAMES 


PAOB 

vii* 


XVIK 

xxxi* 
xli* 

liii* 

Ixiii* 

Ixvii* 

Ixx* 

Ixxiii* 

V 

xiii 
1-666 
667 
695 
725 
735 


PKEFACE. 

The  text  of  Lydgate's  Pilgrimage  of  the  Life  of  Man,  published 
in  1899,  was  edited  by  Dr.  Furnivall,  having  been  copied  by  the  late 
Mr,  William  Wood,  partly  side-noted  by  Mr.  J.  Meadows  Cowper, 
and  more  or  less  revised  by  the  late  Mr.  G.  N.  Currie,  M.  A.  Lond. 
In  1903  I  undertook  to  write  Introduction,  ]S"otes  aud  Glossary  to 
the  poem,  and  now  submit  my  work,  with  some  diffidence,  to  the 
Members  of  the  E.  E.  T.  S. 

I  have  thought  it  unnecessary  to  add  anything  to  what  has  been 
already  written  upon  the  life  and  character  of  Lydgate,  or  to  treat  of 
the  subject  of  his  grammar.  My  principal  aim  in  the  Introduction 
has  rather  been  to  discuss  the  relation  of  the  poem  to  its  original,  to 
indicate  the  character  of  that  original,  and  to  consider  the  question 
of  Bunyan's  suggested  debt  to  Lydgate.  It  has  seemed  desirable  to 
offer  a  few  notes  concerning  Lydgate's  Metre,  Language  and  Style, 
although  on  these  subjects  I  can  hardly  hope  to  supplement  materially 
the  researches  of  previous  editors. 

The  Bibliography  is  not  intended  to  be  exhaustive,  my  main 
object  in  drawing  it  up  having  merely  been  to  give  the  completest 
possible  list  of  MSS.  and  old  printed  books  existing  in  France  and 
England.  I  have,  however,  mentioned  all  the  known  MSS.  of  De 
GuileviUe's  second  recension,  from  which  Lydgate's  poem  was  trans- 
lated. For  the  information  in  the  Bibliography  I  am  indebted  to 
Professor  StUrzinger's  edition  of  De  GuileviUe's  first  recension,  to 
Dr.  Aldis  Wright's  edition  of  the  Camb.  MS.  Ff.  5.. 30,  and  to  the 
list  in  The  Ancient  Poem  of  Guillaume  de  GuneviUe,  supplemented 
by  my  own  investigations  at  the  British  Museum  and  the  Bodleian 
Library, 

The  Table  of  Contents  has  been  adapted  and  enlarged  from  that 
given  in  Verard's  edition. 

Owing  to  the  extreme  length  of  the  poem,  I  have  felt  it  necessary 
to  exercise  a  strict  moderation  in  writing  the  notes,  and  have  there- 
fore aimed  at  little  more  than  the  clearing  up  of  the  more  obscure 


viii*  Preface. 

allusions,  a  task  in  which,  I  regret  to  say,  I  have  not  always  been 
successful 

It  only  remains  for  me  to  express  my  sincere  thanks  to  those 
who  have  assisted  me  in  the  work : — to  Dr.  Skeat,  Dr.  Murray, 
the  Rev.  H.  Parkinson,  Dom  John  Chapman,  O.S.B.,  Dr.  Furnivall 
and  Lord  Aldenham  foi"  help  in  the  Notes, — to  the  last  two  for 
various  criticisms  and  suggestions  ;  to  Mr,  ]\tadan  and  Mr.  Stanley 
Jones  for  aid  in  identifying  MSS.  ;  to  Miss  Batty,  of  Oxford,  for 
clerical  assistance,  and  to  my  friend  and  former  tutor,  Miss  Margaret 
L.  Lee,  whose  candid  criticism  and  ready  help  have  at  once  impelled 
and  encouraged  me  in  the  execution  of  my  task. 

Katharine  B.  Locock. 

77,  Banbury  Road,  Oxford, 
Dec.  1904. 


INTRODUCTION. 

I.  The  relation  of  De  Guileville's  poem  to  the  Romance 
OF  THE  Rose. 

In  the  colophon  to  the  first  version  of  the  Pelerinage  de  la 
Vie  Humaine  De  Guileville  tells  us  that  his  poem  was  founded  upon 
the  Romance  of  the  Rose. 

"  Chi  fine  li  romans  du  nioisne 
Du  pelerinage  de  vie  humaine, 
Qui  est  pour  le  bon  pelerin 
Qui  en  che  nionde  tel  chemin 
Veult  tenir  qui  voise  a  bon  aport 
Et  cpiil  ait  du  ciel  le  deport, 
Prins  sur  le  roman  de  la  rose 
Ou  lart  daniours  est  toute  enclose. 
Pries  pour  celui  qui  le  fist, 
Qui  la  fait  faire,  et  qui  lescripst." 

If  we  only  consider  the  fact  that  the  Romance  of  the  Rose  is  an 
allegory  on  the  art  of  love,  and  that  the  Pelerinage  is  an  allegory  of 
man's  S23iritual  journey  from  birth  to  death,  the  relation  between 
the  two  does  not  appear  to  be  very  close  ;  but  although  the  subjects 
and  general  aims  of  the  two  poems  are  very  different,  there  are 
some  striking  correspondences,  both  of  \A&u,  manner  and  detail. 

The  Romance  of  the  Rose  is  too  well  known  for  more  than  a 
very  brief  sketch  of  its  general  plan  to  be  necessary. 

The  first  part,  by  Guillaume  de  Lorris,  is  a  straightforward  and 
simple  allegory,  in  which  are  described  the  efforts  of  a  lover  to  gain 
his  beloved,  symbolized  by  a  rosebud.  The  other  characters,  who 
help  or  hinder  the  lover,  are  all  allegorical  and  bear  such  names  as 
Love,  Idleness,  Mirth,  Largesse,  Danger,  Jealousy,  ]\Ialebouche  and 
the  like.  Besides  these,  certain  evil  qualities  are  described,  which 
are  supposed  to  be  painted  upon  the  outside  of  the  wall  of  tlie 
garden  in  which  the  Eose  is  to  be  found.  Among  these  we  may 
notice  Hate,  Covetousness,  Avarice,  Envy. 

The  spirit  of  this  part  of  the  poem  is  the  spirit  of  the  mediaeval 


X*    Introduction.    I.  Dc  Gttileville  and  the  Romance  of  the  Rose. 

Courts  of  Love.     It  is,  indeed,  just  what  the  author  calls  it  in  his 
introduction  : 

"  li  Eommanz  de  la  Rose 
Oil  I'art  d' Amors  est  tote  enclose."     (11.  37-8.) 

It  is  of  love  and  the  art  of  love  that  Guillaume  de  Lorris  writes ; 
and  the  connection  between  this  part  of  the  poem  and  De  Guileville's 
Pelerinage  can  only  be  traced  in  so  far  as  both  are  in  allegorical 
form,  both  describe  personified  abstractions,  and  both  make  use  of 
similar  details  of  description  and  allegorical  conventions.  A  few 
specimens  of  these  latter  may  be  given. 

In  the  description  of  Idleness,  G.  de  Lorris  tells  us  that 

"  por  garder  que  ses  mains  blanches 
I^e  halaissent,  ot  uns  blans  gans."    (11.  565-6.) 

— and  in  De  Guileville's  first  version  we  read  that  Idleness 

"un  gant 
Tenoit  dont  se  aloit  jouant, 
Entour  son  doi  le  demenoit, 
Et  le  tournoit  et  retournoit." 

(Stiirzinger,  6525-28.) 

Reason,  in  the  R.  de  la  R.  is  spoken  of  in  the  following  terms  : 

"  La  dame  de  la  haulte  garde 
Qui  de  sa  tour  aval  regarde, 
C'est  raison  ainsi  appellee. 
Or  est  de  sa  tour  devallee 
Et  tout  droit  vers  moi  est  venue," 

while  by  De  Guileville  we  are  told 

"  Tantost  vers  eus  une  piicelle 
Descendit  d'une  tournelle, 
Eaison  apeler  se  faisoit."     (Stiirzinger,  573-5.) 

In  the  account  of  Envy  in  the  R.  de  la  R.  we  read  : 

"  que  s'ele  cognoissoit 
Tot  le  plus  prodome  qui  soit 
ISq  deca  mer,  ne  dela  mer. 
Si  le  vorroit  ele  blasmer."     (11.  269-72.) 

With  this  may  be  compared  the  confession  of  Envy's  daughter 
Detraction  in  the  Pelerinage  : 

"  Je  nuis  qui  sont  de  sainte  vie, 
Comme  a  ceuz  qui  ne  le  sont  mie. 
Se  Saint  Jehan  en  terre  estoit, 
Encor  de  mon  glaive  il  aroit." 

(Sturzinger,  8669-72.) 


( 


Introduction.    I.  De  Guileville  and  the  Romance  of  the  Rose,    xi* 

There  are  other  correspondences  of  a  similar  character,  one  or 
two  of  which  have  been  indicated  in  the  notes ;  but  when  we  have 
made  the  most  of  the  allegorical  form,  and  of  such  similarities  of 
detail,  we  must  feel  that,  if  this  were  all  that  De  Guileville  owed  to 
the  authors  of  the  Romance  of  the  Rose,  a  comparison  of  the  two 
poems  need  not  detain  lis  long. 

But  this  was  far  from  all. 

In  his  second  recension  De  Guileville,  in  the  person  of  the 
Pilgrim,  says  to  Venus  : 

"  Pour  quoy,  dis  ie,  reputes  tien 
Le  rommant  qu'as  dit,  que  scay  bien 
Qui  le  fist,  et  comment  ot  nom."     (Ver.  f.  51.) 

These  lines  are  interpreted  by  Lydgate  as  meaning  that  De 
Guileville  knew  the  author  personally,  in  which  case  the  man  he 
knew  must,  of  course,  have  been  Jean  de  jMeun,  not  Guillaume  de 
Lorris,  who  is  supposed  to  have  died  in  1240,  long  before  De 
Guileville  was  born. 

Jean  de  Meun  himself  died  about  1320  when  De  Guileville  was 
some  twenty-five  years  of  age.  Thus  the  acquaintance  of  the  two 
must  needs  have  covered  a  period  of  De  Guileville's  life  when  he 
would  be  most  open  to  influences,  and  most  likely  to  be  affected  by 
the  character  and  conversation  of  such  a  man  of  the  world  as  the 
witty,  daring  and  satirical  Jean  de  Meun. 

IN'o  doubt  he  had  read  and  studied  Jean  de  Menu's  continuation 
of  Guillaume  de  Lorris's  romance.  Perhaps  the  author  himself  had 
read  it  to  him,  and  they  had  discussed  together  the  many  questions 
in  religion,  sociology  and  science  with  which  the  poem  deals. 

Jean  de  Meun  was  a  i-eformer  and  a  democrat,  an  outspoken 
opponent  of  the  abuses  to  be  found  in  Church  and  Society,  a  man 
of  philosophical  mind  and  practical  energy.  He  was  as  far  as 
possible  removed  from  the  romantic,  chivalrous,  courtly  character 
of  Guillaume  de  Lorris ;  and  though  he  adopted  the  framework 
of  his  predecessor's  poem  he  filled  it  up  with  all  the  varied 
detail  of  an  encyclopaedic  erudition,  piling  up,  one  upon  another, 
discussions  on  alchemy,  astrology,  and  the  operations  of  ISTature,  on 
economical  and  social  problems,  on  religion  and  hypocrisy,  on  the 
duty  of  mankind,  on  communistic  ideas,  on  prodigality,  the  Age 
of  Gold,  jealous  husbands.  Youth  and  Age,  friendship,  and  many 
another  topic,  interspersing  all  with  examples  and  illustrations 
draAvn  from  classical  tales  and  recent  history.     It  is  in  this  connec- 


xii*  Introduction.   I,  De  Guileville  and  the  Romance  of  the  Rose. 

tion,  above  all,  that  we  trace  liis  influence  upon  De  Guileville.  We 
cau  lialrdly  fail  to  conclude  that  the  latter  adopted  from  the  R.  de 
la  R.  not  merely  the  allegorical  framework,  the  figures  of  Idleness, 
Youth,  Fortune,  Reason,  Avarice  and  the  rest,  and  certain  details 
of  description,  but  also  the  pose  and  manner  of  the  man  of  mis- 
cellaneous information  and  liberal  opinions,  and  that  it  was  in 
imitation  of  Jean  de  Meun  that  he  included  in  his  poem  discussions 
and  attacks  on  matters  covering  the  widest  range — astrology  and 
incantations,  Nature,  abases  in  religious  orders,  social  science,  usury, 
fashions  in  dress — illustrating  them  as  occasion  and  his  education 
served,  with  examples  from  the  Scriptures,  from  the  lives  of  saints, 
or  from  current  fables  and  romances. 

Of  course  we  must  not  press  the  parallel  too  far.  We  do  not 
find  in  the  Pelerinage  the  same  force  and  talent  that  we  recognize 
in  the  R.  de  la  R. — even  though  De  Guileville  is  not  lacking  in 
energy  or  effectiveness  when  he  attacks  those  religious  abuses  which 
personal  experience  had  brought  to  his  knowledge,  or  treats  of  the 
occupations  and  social  questions  with  which  he  must  have  been 
familiar  in  his  youth.  ]^or  can  we  be  blind  to  a  very  marked 
difference  in  the  points  of  view  of  the  two  men.  De  Guileville, 
after  all,  was  a  monk,  a  man  under  authority,  with  all  the  reverence 
of  such  a  man  for  the  teaching  of  his  superiors.  His  views  on  sonie 
theological  points — such  as  progressive  revelation  and  the  spiritual 
character  of  future  retribution  and  reward — were  liberal  and 
advanced  in  tone,  but,  for  all  that,  he  was  capable  of  flights, — such  as 
that  on  the  putting  of  men's  eyes  into  their  ears, — which  would  have 
excited  the  independent-minded  Jean  Clopinol  to  an  unholy  mirth. 
On  the  other  hand,  the  passage  in  which  De  Guileville  blames  the 
evil-speaking  of  his  predecessor  proves  that  Jean  de  Meun's  tone 
was  often  far  from  congenial  to  him.  Yet  in  their  common  love 
of  miscellaneous  information  and  in  their  opposition,  according  to 
their  lights,  to  some  of  the  abuses  of  the  day,  their  minds  clearly 
held  some  kinship, — a  kinship  which,  in  spite  of  many  differences, 
is  not  obscurely  indicated  in  the  literary  form  and  occasional  tone 
of  the  poem  we  are  now  considering. 

II.  The  different  Versions  of  the  Poem. 

The  Pelerinage  de  la  Vie  Humaine  has  appeared  under  m-ny 
forms,  as  reference  to  the  list  of  MSS.  will  show. 

The  three  French  versions  are — The  first  and  second  recensions 


Introduction.     II.  Different  versions  of  the  Poem,     xiii* 

of  De  Guileville,  and  the  prose  transcription  made  at  the  request  of 
Jehanne  de  Laval,  Queen  of  i^aples,  by  Jean  Gallopes,  dean  of  the 
church  of  St.  Louis  de  la  Saulsoye. 

There  were  also  several  English  versions,  the  first  recension  of 
De  Guileville's  poem  having  apparently  been  translated  into  English 
prose  more  than  once.  Of  these  versions  the  MS.  in  St.  John's 
College,  Cambridge,  is  northern  in  dialect,  and  differs  considerably 
from  the  MS.  in  the  University  Library,  edited  for  the  Roxburghe 
Club  by  Dr.  Aldis  Wright.  The  other  prose  MSS.  have  not  yet 
been  collated,  but  in  a  note  written  in  the  catalogue  of  the  Laud 
collection,  the  opinion  is  expressed  that  Laud  740  also  differs  from 
the  Eoxburghe  edition,  an  opinion  in  which  a  collation  of  a  few 
passages  enables  me  to  concur. 

A  condensed  English  prose  version,  a  copy  of  which  exists  in 
the  University  Library,  Cambridge  (Ff.  6.  30),  was  circulated  in 
the  seventeenth  century,  and  Dr.  Wright  thinks  it  possible  that  this 
version  may  have  been  seen  by  Bunyan. 
\  The  most  important  of  the  English  versions  is,  of  course,  the 

^  verse  translation  by  Lydgate,  which  represents  De  Guileville's  second 
recension.  It  is  in  24,832  lines  as  compared  with  the  18,123  lines 
of  the  French  (Petit's  edition).  With  the  exception  of  Lydgate's 
Prologue,  184  lines  in  length,  the  note  on  the  fanciful  derivation 
of  Glaive,  the  illustration  from  Aristotle's  Elenchus,  two  or  three 
other  passages  indicated  in  the  margin  as  Verba  Translatoris  and 
the  tribute  to  Chaucer  (p.  527)  which  are  due  to  Lydgate  alone,  tliis 
excess  of  between  7000  and  8000  lines  is  not  produced  by  important 
additions  to  the  matter,  biit  by  amplification  in  the  wording,  by  the 
introduction  of  details  and  explanations,  and  by  the  use  of  certain 
literary  devices  which  will  be  indicated  more  fully  in  the  chapter 
on  Language  and  Style. 

Several  passages  of  the  original  French  have  been  given  for 
purposes  of  comparison  in  Vols.  L  and  II.  It  will  be  as  well  how- 
ever to  quote  other  passages  here,  alongside  the  English,  in  order  to 
render  comparison  more  convenient. 

A  typical  passage  is  that  in  which  the  heavenly  Jerusalem  is 
described,  in  36  lines  in  the  French,  in  45  by  Lydgate. 

,,  En  Ian  que  iay  Jit  par  deuant,  The  seyde  yer  (ho  lyst  take  kepe 

Auis  me  fut  en  mon  dormant,  I  was  avysed  in  my  slepe 

Que  daler  iestoye  excite  Excyted  eke,  and  that  a-noon, 

En  iherusalem  la  cite,  To  Jerusalem  for  to  goon. 

La  ou  estoit  tout  mon  couraige.  Gretly  meved  in  my  corage 


xiv*      Introduction,     ii.  Different  versions  of  the  Poem. 


Dy  faire  le  pelerinaige 
Fichie  du  tout  entierement 
La  cause  estoit  et  mouuement 
Poiarce  que  la  cite  veoie 
En  ung  beau  mii'oer  quauoye, 

Qui  de  loing  la  representoit 

Dedens  luy,  et  la  me  monstroit. 

II  nest  nuUe  cite  si  belle, 

Ne  qui  de  rien  lui  soit  pareille  ; 

Masson  en  fut  seulement  dieu, 

Nul  autre  ne  feroit  tel  lieu. 

Car  les  chemins  et  les  alees, 
Dor  fin  estoient  toutes  panes, 

En  hault  assis  son  fundenient 

Estoit,  et  son  massonnement 
De  vives  pierres  fait  estoit, 
Et  hault  mur  entour  la  clooit, 

Dessus  lesquelz  anges  estoient 

Qui  tout  temps  le  guet  y  faisoient 

Et  gardoient  tres  bien  que  lentree 

NuUement  fut  abandonnee, 

Fors  an  pelerins  seulement 

Qui  y  venoient  denotement. 

Leans  auoit  moult  de  mansions, 

De  lieux  et  dabitacions  ; 

Illec  estoit  toute  liesse 

Et  toute  ioye  sans  tristesse. 

La  pour  men  passer  briefuement 

Auoit  chascun  communement 
De  tons  biens  plus  que  demander 
Jamais  ne  pourroit  ne  penser. 


ff"or  to  do  my  pilgrimage 
And  ther-to  steryd  inwardly. 
And  to  tell  the  cause  why 
Was,  ffor  me  thouht  I  hadde  a  syht 
With-Inne  a  merour  large  k  bryht. 
Oft'  that  hevenly  ffayr  cite 
"Wych  representede  unto  me 
Ther-of  holy  the  manere 
With  Inue  the  glas  ful  bryht  &  cler 
And  werrayly,  as  thouhte  me 
yt  excellyde  of  bewte 
Al  other  in  comparyson  ; 
fi"or  God  hym  self  was  the  masown, 
wj-ch  mad  yt  fayr,  at  ys  devys. 
ffor  werkman  was  ther  noon  so  wys, 
yt  to  conceyve  in  his  entent ; 
ffor  al  the  wayes  &  paament 
Wer  ypavj'd  all  oft'  gold. 
And  in  the  sawter  yt  ys  told. 
How  the  ftyrst  ff"undacyon, 
On  hyllys  off'  devocyon 
The  masounry  wrought  ful  clene, 
Of  quyke  stonys  bryht  and  schene 
Wyth  a  closour  rovnd  a-bowte 
Oft'  enmyes,  ther  was  no  dowte 
ffor  Aungelles  the  wach  y-kepte 
The  wych,  day  nor  nyht  ne  slepte, 
Kepyng  so  strongly  the  entre 
That  no  wyht  kam  in  that  cyte 
But  pylgrimes,  day  nor  nyht, 
That  thyder  wentyn  evene  ryht. 
And  ther  were  meny  mansyovns 
Placys,  and  habytacyovns ; 
And  ther  was  also  al  gladnesse, 
Ioye  with-outen  hewynesse. 
And  pleynly,  who  that  hadde  grace 
ff'or  to  entren  in  that  place, 
ff'ond,  onto  113-5  pleasavnce 
Oft'  loj-e  al  maner  suffysavnce 
That  eny  herte  kan  devyse. 


To  give  a  few  more  examples.  Deguileville's  Prologue  in  Yerard's 
edition  consists  of  103  lines.  In  Lydgate  it  is  123  lines.  The 
first  18  lines  of  Verard,  corresponding  to  the  first  25  of  Lydgate, 
deal  -with  the  subject  of  dreams.  There  is  no  diversity  of  matter 
in  the  two  versions,  but  Lydgate's  rendering  is  rather  a  paraphrase 
of  Deguileville  than  a  translation,  as  the  following  extract  will 
show 

"  Souuentes  foys  il  aduient  bien, 
Quant  on  a  soge  quelque  rien, 
Quon  y  pense  sur  lesueiUer ; 
Et  sil  ne  sonuient  au  premier 
De  tout  le  songe  proprement, 
Bien  aduient  que  son  y  entent 


Introducticm.     il.  Different  versions  of  the  Poem.       xv* 

Quapres  a  plain  il  en  souuient. 
Et  tout  a  memoire  reuient, 
Au  leuer  on  est  sommeilleux 
Et  sont  les  sens  si  pareceux 
Que  son  songe  point  on  neuteut 
Si  non  en  groz  somniierement ; 
INIais  quant  on  sest  bien  aduise 
Et  on  ya  apres  pense, 
Lors  en  souuient  il  plus  a  plain 
Mais  qu'on  nactende  au  lendemain, 
Car  trop  actendre  le  feroit 
Oblier  et  nen  souuiendroit." 

The  description  of  Spring  in  the  French,  which  will  be  given 
later,  is  22  lines  long,  while  in  Lydgate  it  occupies  47  lines,  but  this 
is  rather  an  unusual  amplification.  Certain  lines,  such  as  II.  3456- 
3461,  have  no  counterpart  in  the  French  original,  the  revivifying 
power  of  Spring  is  described  with  much  greater  detail,  while  the 
reference  to  Solomon  whicli  in  the  French' only  takes  up  two  lines, 
occupies  11.  3486-3492  in  Lydgate.  With  reference  to  this  passage 
it  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  phrases  descriptive  of  Spring 
were  the  current  coin  of  the  fourteenth  and  early  fifteenth  centui'V 
poets,  and  that  no  writer  of  that  age  could  control  his  pen  when 
he  came  to  write  on  this  subject.  Youth's  description  of  herself 
occupies  52  lines  in  the  French  and  80  in  Lydgate.  The  middle 
portion  of  this  description  from  1.  11151  to  1.  11177  keeps  fairly 
close  to  the  French,  though  it  is  in  parts  slightly  amplified,  and  in 
others  slightly  compressed,  but  the  first  ten  French  lines  are  repre- 
sented by  17  English  (11.  11133-11150),  which,  while  they  contain 
the  same  idea,  contain  also  varioxis  developments  and  alterations 
of  expression  as  well  as  inversions  of  order : 

11133-34  "  Jeunesse  iay  nom  la  legiere, 
1 1 1 4.0   /        "^^  giberesse,  la  coursiere, 
\        La  sauterelle,  la  saillant, 
11144  Qui  tout  dangler  ne  prise  ung  gant. 

11142  Je  vols,  ie  viens,  ie  saulx,  ie  vole, 

11146  Jesperlingue,  tourne  et  carolle, 

11147  Je  trepe  et  cours  et  danse  et  bale 
Et  si  vois  a  la  Vitefale ; 

11141  Je  luyte  et  saulx  fossez  pieds  ioincts 

11150  Et  iecte  la  pierre  au  plus  loings."  (foi.  xiiii,  back.; 

As  nearly  as  I  can  make  out,  the  lines  Avliose  numbers  I  have 
given  correspond  to  the  French,  but  there  still  remain  eight  lines  in 

PILGRIMAGE.  h 


xvi*      Introduction,     ii.  Different  versions  of  the  Poem. 

the  English  which  have  no  French  equivalent,  and  add  a  touch  or 
two  to  the  character  of  Youth,  such  as  : 

"  And  I  kan  wynse  ageyn  the  prykke. 
As  wylde  coltys  in  Arras, 
Or  as  bayard  out  off  the  tras, 
Tyl  I  a  lassh  haue  off  the  Avhyppe." 

The  account  of  the  games  played  by  Youth  is  very  much 
■amplified  in  the  English.     Deguileville  mentions  only  seven  sports. 

"  Ung  esteuf  me  faust  pour  iouer 
Et  une  croce  pour  soler, 
Autre  croce  nauray  ie  mye, 
Si  ce  nest  past  trop  grant  folic, 
Car  tenir  ie  ne  men  pourroye 
De  voletcr,  ne  me  Voulroye  ; 
Et  encor  ne  suis  ie  pas  soule 
De  maler  iouer  a  la  boule, 
Daler  quiller,  daler  biller 
Et  de  iouer  an  mareiller." 

In  Lydgate's  18  corresponding  lines  (11181-98),  however,  there 
are  seventeen  different  kinds  of  game  or  amusement  mentioned, 
including  fishing,  hunting,  card  games,  and  the  reading  of  fables. 

We  must  not  forget,  however,  that  sometimes  Lydgate  omits 
details  which  are  given  by  De  Guileville,  or  only  touches  upon  points 
which  De  Guileville  deals  with  at  some  length.  A  good  example 
of  this  is  the  description  of  the  various  fashions  in  dress  due  to 
Pride.     In  Lydgate  this  only  takes  up  six  lines  (11.  14081-14086). 

"  I  ffond  up  fyrst,  devyses  newe, 
Rayes  of  many  sondry  hewe ; 
Off  short,  off  long,  I  ffond  the  guyse  ; 
Now  streight,  now  large,  I  kan  devyse, 
That  men  sholde,  for  syngulerte 
Beholde  and  lokyn  upon  me." 

In  Verard's  version  this  runs  as  follows : 

**  ISTouvelletez  se  font  par  moy ; 
A  mon  sens  seulleraent  ie  croy. 
Je  f  ais  chaperons  pourfiletz,  Pride  makes 

-r,  ,1  ,1  embroiileied 

De  soye  et  dor  entrelacez,  hats  and  caps, 

Chapeaulx,  huppes,  coquuz  loquuz,  hLijinl^''^' 

A  marmousez  platz  ou  crestuz,  sleeves, 

.  ^  '  .and  coloured 

Estroictes  cottes  par  les  nans,  coats. 

Manches  a  panonceaulx  pendans ; 
A  blanc  surcot  fais  rouge  manche, 
A  col  et  a  poictrine  blanche 


Introduction,    ill.  Rdation  of  two  Versions  to  one  another,  xvii* 

Iiobe  tres  bien  escoletee  very  long  or 

Pour  mieulx  veue  estre  et  regardee ;  garments' 

Vestemeus  troi)  cours  ou  trop  lon^s,  and  very 

I              .                    ^           "   '  large  or  very 

irop  "raus,  trop  petiz  chaperons,  smaii  iioods, 

T         1                   If        J-        <-      •  boots  and 

Les  houzeauix  petiz  et  estroiz  ;  gu-dies 

Du  si  grans  quon  en  feroit  trois ; 

Graile  ceincture  ou  large  trop 

Dont  se  parent  voire  li  clop,  with  which 

T      -,      ■,               ,                      ■  the  halt, 

Le  boiteux  et  esparueigne,  the  blind, 

Borgne,  bossu,  et  nieshaingne ;  otYie'r  cHpp"ie3 

Telz  clioses  fais  pource  que  vueil  selves"'^"*' 
Que  chascun  ait  vers  moy  son  oeil."          (foi.  ivo 

Some  further  details  as  to  the  development  of  the  French 
original  will  be  given  in  the  chapter  on  Lydgate's  Language  and 
Style,  but  for  the  present  these  examples  will  be  enough  to  show 
the  manner  in  which  he  carried  out  his  translation. 


III.  The  Eelation  op  De  Guileville's  two  Versions  to 

ONE    another. 

We  may  now  turn  to  the  question  as  to  how  the  second  recension 
■of  De  Guileville's  poem  is  related  to  the  first. 

For  the  purposes  of  this  comparison  I  have  made  use  of 
Stiirzinger's  edition  of  the  first  version  (Eoxb.  Club),  and  Verard's 
edition  of  the  second,  published  in  Paris  in  1511. 

The  main  features  distinguishing  the  second  version  from  the 
first  may  be  placed  in  four  categories, 

A.  The  actual  additions  of  arguments,  episodes,  characters,  or 
■other  elements. 

B.  The  amplification  and  elaboration  of  passages  or  ideas. 

C.  The  absence  of  certain  details  mentioned  in  the  first  version. 

D.  Differences  in  the  sequence  of  episodes  which  occur  in  both 
versions,  and  certain  differences  of  detail. 

A.  The  principal  additions  are  as  follows  : 

1.  The  discourse  on  dreams  in  the  Prologue  (Lydgate,  1.  185-209), 
the  description  of  the  loss  and  re-writing  of  the  poem  (227-273),  and 
the  envoy  to  the  poem  (27i-302). 

In  the  second  French  the  Prologue  takes  up  94  lines,  but  in  the 
jirst  version  it  only  occupies  34  lines  as  follows : 

"  A  ceuz  de  ceste  region 
Qui  point  n'i  ont  de  mansion 
Ains  y  sont  tons  com  dit  Saint  Pol, 
Riche,  povre,  sage  et  fol, 


xviii*  Introduction,  ill.  Relation  of  two  Versions  to  one  another, 

Soient  roys,  soient  royues, 

Pelerins  et  pelerines, 

Une  vision  veul  nuncier 

Qui  en  dormant  m'aviut  Tautrier. 

En  veillant  avoie  leu, 

Considere  et  bien  veu 

Le  biau  roumans  de  la  Rose. 

Bien  croi  que  ce  fu  la  chose 

Qui  plus  ni'esmut  a  ce  songier 

Que  ci  apres  vous  vueil  nuncier. 

Or  (i)  viengiient  pres  et  se  arroutent 

Toute  gent  et  bien  escoutent, 

iNe  soit  nul  et  ne  soit  nule 

Qui  arriere  point  recule  ; 

Avant  se  doivent  touz  bouter, 

Touz  asseoir  et  escouter. 

Grans  et  petits  la  vision 

Touche  sans  point  de  excepcion. 

En  francoise  toute  mise  I'ai 

A  ce  que  I'enteiident  li  lai. 

La  pourra  chascun  aprendre 

La  quel  voie  on  doit  prendre. 

La  quel  guerpir  et  delessier. 

C'est  chose  qui  a  bien  niestier 

A  ceuz  qui  pelorinage 

Font  en  cest  nionde  sauvage. 

Or  entendez  la  vision 

Qui  m'aviut  en  religion 

A  I'abbaye  de  Chaalit, 

Si  com  jestoie  en  mon  lit."     (Sturzinger's  ed.) 

2.  The  description  of  the  pains  of  the  martyrs  who  desired  ta 
enter  Jerusalem,  and  of  the  manner  in  -which  tliey  must  enter 
(Ver.  fol.  ii,  back;  Lyd.  11.  365-466). 

3.  The  discussion  on  baptism  and  original  sin  (Yer.  fol.  iv,  back, 
f.  ;  Lyd.  967-1290),  the  mention  of  the  Pilgrim's  godfather 
Guyllyam  and  of  the  black  bird  that  escapes  from  the  Pilgrim's 
breast  (Ver.  fol.  vi,  back;    Lyd.   1291-1344), 

4.  The  Story  on  the  Peril  of  Cursing  (Yer.  x,  back ;  Lyd. 
2561-2602). 

5.  The  passage  containing  the  Pilgrim's  assertion  that  some  who 
have  no  subjects  yet  bear  the  sword,  and  Reason's  explanation 
concerning  the  delegation  of  power  (Yer.  xii ;    Lyd.   3072-3230). 

6.  The  Testament  of  Jesus  Christ,  containing  the  bequest  of 
His  Soul  and  Body ;  of  His  Mother  to  St.  John,  together  with  the 


Introduction,    ill.  Relation  of  tvjo  Versions  to  one  another,    xix* 

virtue  of  Perseverance ;  of  His  Blood  and  Wounds  for  Salvation, 
and  of  His  Word  and  Laws  (Ver.  xvii,  back ;  Lyd.  4782-4869). 

This  is  all  absent  from  the  first  version  which  only  contains  the 
bequest  of  peace. 

7.  The  dialogue  between  Grace  Dieu  and  the  Pilgrim  concerning 
the  five  senses  and  the  transfer  of  eyes  to  ears  (Ver,  xxii,  f. ;  Lyd. 
6241-6581). 

8.  Three  Latin  poems  on  the  Articles  of  the  Creed  (Ver.  xxiv. 
f . ;  Lyd.  pp.  185-190),  on  God  in  Trinity  (Yer.  xxvii,  back,  f.  ; 
Lyd.  pp.  194-199),  and  on  the  Virgin  Mary  (Ver.  xxix,  back,  f. ; 
Lyd.  pp.  199-201). 

9.  The  explanation  of  why  no  armour  for  the  legs  is  given  to  the 
Pilgrim  (Ver.  xxxiv;  Lyd.  11.  8073-8100). 

10.  The  gift  of  the  stones  and  sling  of  David  to  the  Pilgrim,  and 
the  meaning  of  the  stones  (Ver.  xxxv,  f. ;  Lyd.  8423-8686). 

11.  The  discourse  of  Moral  Virtue,  who  shows  tlie  Pilgrim  the 
gate  and  posterns  and  speaks  of  virtues  and  their  attendant  vices 
(Ver.  xlv,  back,  f. ;  Lyd.  11737-11954). 

12.  A  long  passage,  containing  the  interview  of  the  Pilgrim  with 
Mortification  of  the  Body,  and  the  vision  of  the  Wheel  of  Lust, 
with  an  account  of  the  movements  of  the  planets  (Ver.  xlvi,  f.  ; 
Lyd.   11955-12673). 

13.  The  Pilgrim's  conversation  with  Venus  concerning  the 
Romance  of  the  Rose  (Ver.  li,  f . ;  Lyd.  13200-13292),  and  the 
episode  of  the  Stranger  maltreated  by  A^enus  (Ver.  lii,  back ;  Lyd. 
13545-13651). 

14.  The  Prayer  to  the  Virgin  (Ver.  Ixiii,  back,  f. ;  Lyd.  pp. 
437-456).  This  prayer,  which  in  Verard's  edition  is  given  in  Latin, 
replaces  a  short  prayer  to  God  which  takes  up  26  lines  in  StUrzinger. 

15.  iN'ecromancy  and  her  Messenger  and  the  discussion  between 
the  Pilgrim  and  the  Messenger  concerning  the  invocation  of  spirits 
(Ver.  Ixxii,  back,  f. ;  Lyd.  18471-18924). 

16.  In  StUrzinger,  the  five  perils  in  the  sea,  Cyrtes,  Charybdis, 
Scilla,  Bythalassus,  and  Sirena,  are  described  in  11.  11887-11970.  In 
Verard  and  Lydgate  all  these  are  personified,  and  we  find  long 
accounts,  with  many  incidents,  details  and  arguments,  of  Fortune 
and  her  Wheel,  representing  Charybdis  (Ver.  Ixxvi,  back,  f . ;  Lyd. 
19423-19676):  of  Astrology  and  her  scholars,  representing  Cyrtes 
(Ver.  Ixxx,  f. ;  Lyd.  19989-20810) :  of  Sorcery,  with  her  face  Phy- 
siognomy and  her   hand  Chiromancy,  who  represents   Bythalassus 


XX*    Introduction.    III.  Relation  of  tvjo  Versions  to  one  another. 

(Ver.  Ixxxiv,  back,  i. ;  LjtI.  21047-21312):  of  Conspiracy  and  her 
hounds,  representing  Scilla  (Ver.  Ixxxvi,  f . ;  Lyd.  21328-21458): 
and  of  Worldly  Gladness,  with  his  revolving  tower,  who  represents 
Sirena  (Yer.  Ixxxvi,  back,  f . ;  Lyd.  21473-216T0).  These  are 
followed  by  a  lamentation  and  prayer  of  the  Pilgrim  (Ver.  Ixxxvii, 
back;  Lyd.  21671-21716). 

17.  The  character  of  Impatient  Poverty  (Yer.  xciii,  f . ;  Lyd. 
22715-22772). 

18.  The  assault  of  Envy  and  her  daughters  on  the  convent,  the 
Pilgrim's  lamentation  after  the  attack,  the  attempt  of  Ovid  to 
comfort  him,  the  Pilgrim's  complaint,  in  the  form  of  an  acrostic  on 
his  name,  and  the  return  and  proclamation  of  the  King  (Yer.  xcv, 
f.  ;  Lyd.  23037-23359).  This  passage,  however,  includes  the 
incident  of  the  horse  Good  Eenown  (Yer.  xcv;  Lyd.  23067-23150), 
which  occurs  m  the  first  version  on  the  occasion  of  the  first  fight  of 
the  Pilgrim  with  Envy  and  her  daughters  (Stiirz.  1.  8685,  f.). 

19.  The  Pilgrim's  visit  to  convents,  where  he  sees  many  abuses 
(Yer.  xcviii,  f. ;  Lyd.  Ih  23360-23996). 

20.  The  character  of  Apostasy  (Yer.  ci,  f. ;  Lyd.  24002-24126). 

21.  The  coming  of  Prayer  and  Alms  to  show  the  Pilgrim  the 
way  to  Jerusalem  (Yer.  civ,  back,  f. ;  Lyd.  24558-24700),  which 
passage  includes  the  story  of  the  King  who  only  reigned  for  one  year. 

22.  Besides  these  passages,  the  dove  of  Grace  Dieu,  which  at 
various  times  brings  comfort  or  help  to  the  Pilgrim,  is  found  only 
in  the  second  recension. 

B.  The  amplification  and  elaboration  of  incidents  and  ideas  is 
very  marked  throughout  the  whole  poem,  although  we  do  occasionally 
find  passages  which  are  almost  identical  in  the  two  French  versions. 
It  would,  of  course,  be  impossible  to  mention  every  passage  that  has 
been  enlarged,  but  I  have  drawn  up  a  list  of  some  of  the  ijrincipal 
ones,  and  have  also  made  a  few  extracts  from  the  two  French 
versions  in  order  to  give  a  general  idea  of  the  relation  of  the  second 
recension  to  the  first  in  those  passages  where  no  serious  alterations 
or  extensions  have  been  made.  Such  a  passage  is  the  one  on  Spring, 
which  I  will  give  in  parallel  columns,  with  figures  indicating  the 
relation  of  the  second  recension  to  Lydgate's  paraphrase. 

1st  Vei'sion  2iid  Yersion 

(Sturzinger)  (Yerard) 

1567-1580  ^                                       _     Lydgate 

Koiivelles  choses  faiz  venir  Xouvelles  choses  faiz  veiiir        3449 

Et  lea  viez  choses  departir  Et  vielles  clioses  departir           3450 


Introduction.    Ill,  Relation  of  two  Versions  to  one  another,    xxi^ 


1st  Version 

(Sturzinger) 
La  terre  de  nies  robes  est 
Et  en  printemps  tous  jours  la  vest 


2ud  Version 
(Verard) 


Lydgate 


i.ux  arbres  donne  vestemens 
Contre  Teste  et  paremens 
luis  si  les  refaiz  despouillier 
Contre  I'ivei"  pour  eus  tailler 
.4utres  robes  et  cotelles 
i  ce  semblant  tout(es)  nouvelles 
!^(i)  a  bruyere  ne  geneste 
1^'autre  arbricel  que  ne  (re)veste. 


Onques  ne  vesti  Salenion 

"el  robe  com  vest  un  buysson. 


La  terre  de  mes  robes  est        ^   3451 
Paree  en  printemps,  ie  la  vest  [-(3452) 
Demy  party  d'lierbe  florie      J   3455 
De  rouge,  de  vert,  de  soucye      3454 
Et  de  toutes  belles  couleurs     .  3453 
Quon  pent  trouver  en  belles  fleurs 
Aux  arbres  donne  paremens  \o4/^P_^y 
Et  contre  leste  Vestemens    / 
Puis  si  les  refais  despoiller         "| 
Contre  liuer  pour  les  tailler        I  3468- 
Autres  robes  autres  cotelles        [74 
Telles  comme  deuant  nouuellesj 
II  nest  bruyere  ne  geneste    'j 
Nabriceau  que  ie  ne  reueste  I  3475- 
De  mes  robes  bien  floretees  [3485 
Et  tres  gaiemeut  desguiseesj 
Onques  ne  vestit  Salomon       "I  3486- 
Tel  robe  que  fait  ung  boisson/3492 

The  description  of  the  Heavenly  Jerusalem,  taken  from  Verard, 
ha;  already  been  given  (p.  xiii*),  and  it  maybe  interesting  to  compare 
■\vi:li  it  the  description  in  the  first  version  : 

"  Avis  m'ert  si  com  dormoie 
Que  je  pelerin  estoie 
Qui  d'aler  estoie  excite 
En  Jherusalem  la  cite. 
En  un  mirour,  ce  me  sembloit, 
Qui  sanz  mesure  grans  estoit 
Celle  cite  aparceue 
Avoie  de  loing  et  veue. 
Mont  me  sembloit  de  grant  atour 
Celle  cite  ens  et  entour, 
Les  chemins  et  les  alees 
D'or  en  estoient  pavees, 
En  haut  assis  son  fondement 
Estoit  et  son  maconnement 
De  vives  pierres  fait  estoit 
Et  haut  mur  entour  la  clooit. 
Mont  i  avoit  de  mansions, 
De  liens  et  d'abitacions. 
La  estoit  toute  leece, 
Toute  joie  sans  tristece. 
lUuec,  pour  passer  m'en  briefment, 
Avoit  chascun  generaument 
De  tout  bien  plus  que  demander 
Jamais  ne  sceust  ne  penser."     (IL  35-58.) 

We  may  now  turn  to  the  more  important  amplifications,  which 
are  fairly  numerous.     Among  the  chief  of  these  are  : 


xxii*  Introduction,    ill.  Relation  of  two  Versions  to  07ie  another. 

1.  The  extension  of  the  incident  of  the  marriage  of  two  Pilgrims. 
In  the  first  French  this  only  occupies  17  lines  (802-818),  but  the 
second  French  and  Lydgate  relate  at  some  length  the  approach  of  the 
two,  their  request  to  the  official,  and  his  advice  to  them,  the  whole 
incident  taking  up  11.  1905-1979  in  Lydgate,  and  40  lines  in 
Verard  (fol.  viii,  back). 

2.  The  complaint  of  the  Pilgrim  because  Grace  Dieu  is  given  to 
others.     In  Stiirzinger  this  only  consists  of  a  few  words  : 

"  Quant  celle  parole  je  ony 
Courroucie  fu  et  esbahy.  , 

En  disant  '  ha  las  ! '  que  feray 
S'ainsi  Grace  Dieu  perdue  ay  % 
Donnee  I'a  ce  cornuaus 
A  ces  nouviaus  officiaus 
Asses  miex  amasse  estre  mort 
Que  point  m'en  eust  fait  tel  tort." 

(11.  1021-1028.) 

In  Lydgate  this  is  expanded  into  38  lines,  which  contain  tie 
expression  of  the  Pilgrim's  first  astonishment,  his  fear  that  no  oie 
would  now  give  him  a  scrip  and  staif,  and  his  address  to  Grace  Dim 
(IL  2296-2332).  In  Verard  the  passage  contains  the  same  elemenfe, 
but  only  consists  of  20  lines  (fol.  x). 

3.  The  passage  about  tlie  blood-drops  on  the  scrip  is  muc\ 
extended,  especially  that  part  in  which  Grace  Dieu  laments  that 
now-a-days  there  are  none  to  put  themselves  in  jeopardy  for  tlie 
faith,  although  there  are  some  who  boast  that  they  are  ready  to  do 
so.     This  passage  is  represented  in  Stiirzinger  by  a  few  lines  : 

"  Et  bien  te  di  que,  se  nouvelles 
Fussent  les  gouttes,  a  bien  belles 
Les  tenisses,  mais  lone  tens  a 
Que  de  son  sane  nul  n'i  sema. 
Les  saigmes  si  sont  passees."     (II.  3635-3639.) 

In  the  second  French  this  passage  is  40  lines  in  length.  It  is 
given  here  as  a  good  example  of  the  way  in  which  De  Guileville 
amplified  his  first  recension,  as  well  as  for  purposes  of  comparison 
with  Lydgate. 

"  Ceste  escharpe  est  de  verd  couleur, 
Car  tout  ainsi  que  la  verdour 
Reconforte  lueil  et  la  veue  AsKieeu 

,      .  1 .      i    1  comforts  the 

Et  lesioyst  moult  et  lague  eye,  so  faitu 

Aussi  fait  foy  bon  pelerin  ;  '^^^^^^ '"' 

;Car  ia  ne  sera  en  chemin 


Introduction,    ill.  Relation  of  two  Versions  to  one  another,  xxiii^ 


Se  bien  regarde  sa  verdeur. 

Quen  luy  nait  plus  forte  vigueur. 

Mesmement  car  elle  est  semee 

De  sang  tres  vermeil  et  goutee, 

Et  ny  a  goute  si  petite 

Qui  trop  niieulx  dune  marguerite 

]^e  vaille  et  qui  plus  precieuse 

Ne  soit  et  trop  plus  vertueuse. 

Tres  grant  vigueur  verdeur  luy  donne ; 

Le  sang  esmeut  at  achoisonne 

De  prendre  cueur  et  faire  ainsi 

Que  les  glorieulx  martirs,  qui 

Trop  mieulx  amerent  a  respendre 

Leur  sang  pour  leur  foy  fort  deffendre, 

Quavicunement  leur  feust  ostee 

Pour  sa  vertu  quauoient  goustee.' 

Cest  pour  te  donner  exemplaire 

Que  se  tu  trouues  qui  soustraire, 

La  te  vueille  point  ne  oster 

Auant  occire  et  decouper 

Te  laisses  plus  tost  que  ten  voyes 

Descharpey,  car  trop  y  perdroies. 

Bien  scay  que  pieca  les  saignees 

Sen  font  en  alees  et  passees, 

Car  cherubin,  comme  tu  vis, 

A  son  glaiue  ou  fourreau  remis. 

INul  ne  se  veult  plus  opposer 

Aux  tirans,  pour  la  foy  garder. 

Bien  dient  les  aucuns  quilz  yront 

Quant  leur  ventre  remply  bien  ont 

Et  iurent  et  se  font  croiser, 

Mais  quant  ce  vient  a  lexploicter 

!N"est  rien  si  froit,  tout  est  perdu, 

Plus  ne  deuroit  tel  estre  creu." 

(Ver.  fol.  xxiii,  back.) 

4.  Sloth's  two  ropes,  Sloth  and  Negligence,  and  her  five  cords — 
1.  Hope  of  Long  Life,  2.  Foolish  Fear,  3.  Shame,  4.  Hypocrisy,  5.' 
Despair — are  described  in  Lydgate  in  a  passage  extending  from 
1.  13857  to  1.  13948.  In  Vcrard  (fol.  liii,  back,  f.)  a  similar  de- 
scription is  given,  but  in  Stiirzinger  only  three  cords  are  mentioned 
and  described,  viz.  Negligence,  Laschete  or  Fetardie  (11.  7208-7210), 
and  Desperation  (1.  7230.) 

5.  In  the  description  of  Avarice's  hand,  Treachery,  there  are 
various  developments.  Putting  aside  those  due  merely  to  extra 
■wordiness,  the  most  important  is  the  short  passage  on  the  baptism  of 
dead  children  and  the  trickery  to  which   the  priest  resorts,  which 


The  scrip  is 
spotted  witli 
drops  of 
blood,  which 
are  more 
precious  tlian 
pearls. 


The  green 
gives  vigour. 
The  blood 
incites  the 
Pilgrim  to 
do  as  did 
the  glorious 
martyrs  who 
died  for  their 
tiiith. 


and  gives  him 
an  example 
that  he  should 
suffer  himself 
to  be  killed 
rather  than 
try  to  escape 
by  giving  up 
the  scrip  of 
faith. 


Cherubin 
lets  martyrs 
enter  heaven 
freely. 
Now  none 
will  oppose 
tyrants  for 
faith's  sake. 


People  pre- 
tend to  be 
Christians, 
but  will  not 
act  as  such. 


xxiv*  Introduction,   ill.  Relation  of  two  Versions  to  one  another. 

has  no  counterpart  in  Stiirzinger.  The  account  of  this  practice,  how- 
ever, has  not  been  translated  by  Lydgate.  The  whole  description 
of  the  hand,  which  takes  up  70  lines  in  Stiirzinger  (9905-9974), 
extends  to  92  lines  in  Verard,  and   to  just  over  100  in  Lydgate. 

This  list  contains  some  of  the  most  important  enlargements  of  the 
first  version,  but  there  are,  of  course,  many  other  passages  which 
bear  a  similar  character. 

C.  Passages  and  details  which  are  present  in  Stiirzinger,  but 
which  are  absent  or  much  shorter  in  the  second  French  and  in 
Lydgate.  The  number  of  these  is  not  very  large.  We  may  mention 
first : 

L  !N"ature's  assertion  that  she  is  necessary  to  Grace  Dieu 
and  Grace  Dieu's  answer.  This  precedes  ISTature's  submission  in 
Stiirzinger,  so  we  might  expect  to  find  it  after  1.  3935  in  Lydgate. 
However,  [Nature's  argument  is  altogether  absent,  both  from  the 
second  French  and  from  Lydgate,  though  part  of  Grace  Dieu's 
answer  is  absorbed  into  her  long  speech  about  her  power,  Avhich 
extends  from  p.  97  to  p.  104,  in  the  English  poem. 

A  few  lines  of  N'ature's  argument  may  be  quoted  : 

"  Comme  ne  puet  ouvrer, 
Xe  maison  bonne  edefier. 
Le  charpentier  sans  sa  congnie. 
Tout  aussi  ne  devez  vous  mie 
Nulle  chose  sans  moi  faire 
Se  vous  ne  voulez  mefaire." 

(Sturzinger,  1877-1881.) 

2.  The  complaint  of  the  Pilgrim  that  his  staff  is  not  tipp)ed  with 
iron  and  Grace  Dieu's  answer  : 

"  Toutevoies  me  deplaisoit 
Du  bourdon,  que  ferre  n'estoit. 
Dame,  dis  jii  a  Grace  Dieu, 
Je  ne  me  puis  tenir,  par  Dieu. 
Que  ne  vous  die  mon  pense 
De  ce  bourdon  qu'il  n'est  pas  ferre ; 
Bien  m'en  desplaist,  se  sachiez  a'ous, 
Pour  autres  que  voi  ferrez  tons  ; 
Si  me  dites,  se  vous  voulez, 
Pour  quoi  tel  baillie  le  m  'avez ! " 

(Sturzinger,  3753-3762.) 

To  this  Grace  Dieu  answers  that  the  pommels  Avill  hold  him  up, 
and  that  a  staff  with  an  iron  point  is  heavier  and  is  liable  to  stick 
fast  in  marshy  places.     The  Pilgrim  replies  that  he  needs  it  for 


Introchtction.    ill.  Relation  of  tioo  Versions  to  one  another,    xxv* 

defence,  and  Grace  Dieu  tells  him  that  tlie  staff  is  to  lean  on,  not  to 
fight  with,  and  tliat  she  will  give  him  armour  for  defence. 

3.  "  Tel  Continence  ainsi  doublee 

D'aucuns  Giiaignepains  est  nommee, 
Quar  par  li  est  gaignie  le  pain 
Par  qui  rempli  est  cuer  humain  ; 
Et  ce  fu  figure  piec'a 
Ou  pain  que  David  demanda, 
Quar  Achimelech  ottroier 
Ne  lui  vout  onques  ne  haillier 
Devant  quil  sceut  que  engantez 
Des  Gaignepains  fust  et  armez." 

(Stiirzinger,  4213-4222.) 

This  passage,  which  comes  in  the  account  of  the  Gloves  of 
Continence,  has  nothing  corresponding  to  it  in  the  second  French 
and  in  Lydgate. 

There  are  several  other  differences  in  the  two  accounts  of  the 
armour.  For  instance,  the  description  of  the  girdle  has  less  detail 
in  Verard  and  Lydgate,  and  the  Pilgrim's  unwillingness  to  have  the 
scabbard  and  girdle  is  not  mentioned. 

4.  The  refusal  of  the  Pilgrim  to  wear  armour,  and  Grace  Dieu's 
rebuke  and  explanation  of  the  difference  between  his  case  and  that 
of  David  (Stiirzinger,  pp.  140-147).  All  the  latter  part  of  this  is 
absent  from  Verard  and  from  Lyd gate's  version,  in  which  Grace 
Dieu  consents  to  allow  the  Pilgrim  to  use  the  stones  and  sling  of 
David,  instead  of  wearing  armour  all  the  time. 

5.  In  the  argument  between  Eeason  and  Eude  Entendement, 
Eeason  scorns  the  latter  and  tells  him  : 

"  Je  tenoie  une  opinion 
Que  n'est  pas  un  moi  et  mon  non, 
Quar  de  mon  non  se  puet  parer 
Chascun  larron  qui  va  embler ; 
Et  pour  ce'  aussi  de  vous  cuidoie 
Quar  pas  apris  en  cor  n'avoie 
Que  vous  et  Eude  Entendement 
Fussiez  tout  un  conjointement ; 
Mais  or  voi  bien,  sans  soupecon, 
Qu'estes  un  sans  distinction. 
Yos  exemples  le  m'ont  apris 
Et  vos  dis  qui  sont  si  soultis  ; 
Par  vos  paroles  proprement 
Sai  qu'estes  Eude  Entendement. 


sxvi*  Introductiov .    ill.  Relation  of  t)fo  Versions  to  one  another. 

Plus  avguer  vous  ne  pouez 
Que  seulement  ainsi  nomniez 
Soiez,  quar  par  existence 
Ce  estes  sans  point  de  difference." 

(Stiirzinger,  5365-5382.) 

Tliis  jeer  is  not  represented  in  Verard  and  in  Lydgate,  although, 
in  tlie  course  of  the  conversation  Reason  addresses  Eude  Entende- 
ment  in  a  sarcastic  manner,  hut  in  different  terms.  (Lyd.  10713- 
10723.) 

6.  In  Stiirzinger  (0694-6735)  there  is  a  short  conversation  between 
the  Pilgrim  and  his  body,  in  whicli  the  latter  advises  him  not  to 
listen  to  Labour's  counsel  to  take  the  right-hand  path,  but  to  choose 
instead  the  path  of  Idleness,  and  answers  the  Pilgrim's  objections  by 
telling  him  that  the  dividing  hedge  will  easily  be  passed  when  he 
wishes.  In  Verard  and  Lydgate  it  is  Youth,  not  Body,  who  turns 
the  Pilgrim  aside  (Ver.  xliv,  back;  Lyd.  11549-11574),  the  Pilgrim 
makes  no  objections,  and  nothing  is  said  about  getting  througli  the 
hedge. 

7.  Body's  Counsel  is  discussed  by  Idleness  and  the  Pilgrim  (Stiir- 
zinger, 6769-6826).  This  conversation  is  also  absent  from  Verard  and 
Lydgate. 

8.  Grace  Dieu  rebukes  the  Pilgrim  for  listening  to  Idleness  and 
for  going  on  the  wrong  side  of  the  hedge  (Stiirzinger,  6905-6992). 
In  Verard  and  Lydgate  the  interview  of  the  Pilgrim  with  Idleness 
is  foUoM'ed  by  the  long  episodes  of  Moral  Virtue  and  IMortification 
of  the  Body,  and  the  rebuke  is  absent. 

9.  The  short  prayer  made  by  the  Pilgrim  after  the  attack  of 
Triltulation,  which  begins  : 

"  Merci,  dis  je,  douz  createur ! 
En  ma  tristece,  en  ma  douleur, 
Defaillant  ne  me  soiez  mie  ! 
Se  par  Jeunece  ai  ma  vie 
Une  piece  use  folement."     (Stiirzinger,  12283,  f.) 

— is  absent  from  Lydgate,  and  is  replaced  by  the  prayer  according  to 
St.  Bernard.  In  Verard's  edition  this  is  given  in  full,  in  Latin,  but 
in  Petit's  it  is  abbreviated. 

10.  In  Stiirzinger  (12623-12632)  the  Pilgrim  is  struck  by  the 
Porter,  Fear  of  God,  on  entering  the  monastery,  in  order  that  he 

may  find 

"  equi[)ollence 
De  la  haie  de  Penitance."     (Stiirzinger,  12607-8.) 


Introchidion.   ill.  Relation  of  two  Versions  to  one  another,  xxvii* 

— as  Grace  Dieu  has  promised  him.  In  Verard  and  Lydgate  the  Porter 
lets  him  in  freely,  on  hearing  that  his  intent  "  Is  to  do  servyse  to  the 
Kyng."    (Lyd.  22178.) 

Lydgate  does  not  translate  the  last  lines  of  the  poem,  in  ^vhich 
the  poet  describes  how  he  wakes  from  his  dream,  and  begs  his 
readers  to  correct  anything  they  may  find  amiss  in  his  work.  This 
passage,  however,  is  present  in  De  Guileville's  second  version,  and 
is  printed  by  Dr.  Furnivall  at  the  end  of  Lydgate's  poem. 

D.  Under  this  liead  are  included  differences  in  the  sequence  of 
episodes  and  differences  of  detail. 

1.  The  Pilgrim's  protests  against  wearing  armour  precede  the 
giving  of  the  armour  in  the  second  version  (Ver.  xxx,  back  ;  Lyd. 
7237-72-18  and  7267-7270).  In  Stlirzinger  there  are  no  objections 
beforehand. 

2.  Grace  Dieu's  rebuke  to  the  Pilgrim  for  refusing  to  wear  armour 
occurs  in  Stlirzinger  before  the  coming  of  the  armour-bearer.  Memory, 
and  before  the  actual  removal  of  the  armour  (p.  142).  In  the  second 
version  the  rebuke  is  inserted  in  two  places,  just  before  the  Pilgrim 
casts  off  the  armour  (Ver.  xxxiv,  back,  f. ;  Lyd.  8283-829G),  and 
after  the  coming  of  Memory  (Ver.  xxxvi,  back ;  Lyd.  pp.  246-247). 
There  is,  however,  considerable  difference  of  detail  in  the  different 
versions,  and,  in  fact,  that  passage  in  Lydgate  in  which  Grace  Dieu 
accuses  the  Pilgrim  of  unmanliness  and  cowardice  has  no  exact 
counterpart  in  Stlirzinger,  and  is  much  shorter  in  Verard. 

3.  In  the  first  version  the  armour-bearer,  Memory,  is  given  to  the 
Pilgrim  immediately  after  Grace  Dieu's  rebuke  to  him  for  removing 
his  armour  (Stlirzinger,  p.  149  f.),  but  in  the  second  Grace  Dieu  first 
brings  him  the  stones  and  sling  of  David,  and  only  then  presents 
Memory  to  him  (Ver.  xxxvi ;  Lyd.  p.  242). 

4.  In  Verard  and  Lydgate  these  episodes  are  followed  by  a  long 
conversation  between  Grace  Dieu  and  the  Pilgrim  on  Body  and  Soul 
and  their  mutual  enmity,  and  by  the  release  of  the  Pilgrim  from  his 
body  for  a  season  (Ver.  xxxvii  f . ;  Lyd.  pp.  248-281).  In  Stlirzinger 
(p.  179)  this  conversation  takes  place  between  the  Pilgrim  and 
Eeason,  and,  moreover,  the  whole  episode  is  placed  after  the  meeting 
Avith  llude  Entendement,  instead  of  just  before,  as  in  the  second 
version. 

5.  After  leaving  Eude  Entendement,  the  meeting  with  Youth 
follows  in  the  second  version  (Ver.  xliii ;  Lyd.  pp.  303-307),  after 
which  comes  the  episode  of  the  two  paths  divided  by  the  hedge  of 


xxviii*  Iiitovdudion.  III.  Relation  of  two  Versions  to  one  another. 

Penitence.  In  Stiirzinger  (p.  203  f.)  this  episode  follows  on  the  dis- 
course about  Body  and  Soul,  and  Youth  is  not  introduced  until  much 
later  (p.  368  1),  just  after  the  description  of  Satan  the  hunter,  and 
before  the  enumeration  of  the  five  perils  in  the  sea. 

There  are  some  other  slight  differences  in  this  part, — for  instance, 
in  the  second  version  it  is  Youth  that  makes  the  Pilgrim  turn  towards 
the  wrong  path,  Avhile  in  the  first  it  is  Body.  Also,  in  the  second, 
Idleness  tells  him  that  Penance  planted  the  hedge  (Ver.  xlv ;  Lyd. 
ih  11689-11723),  whereas  in  Stiirzinger  (p.  217)  Grace  Dieu  tells 
him  this,  after  he  has  started  on  the  wrong  path, 

6.  The  episode  of  the  horse,  Good  Renown,  has  already  been 
referred  to.  In  the  first  version  it  forms  a  part  of  the  passage 
describing  the  first  attack  of  Envy  (Stiirzinger,  p.  270),  in  the  second 
of  the  passage  describing  the  attack  of  Envy  on  the  monastery  (Ver. 
xcvf.;  Lyd.  pp.  616-617). 

7.  In  Sturzinger  the  threats  of  Wrath  (p.  273-278)  are  followed  by 
Memory's  rebuke  to  the  Pilgrim  for  not  wearing  his  armour,  and  by 
the  coming  of  Avarice  (p.  282  f.),  wdiile  in  the  second  version 
Memory's  rebuke  is  absent  and  Wrath's  attack  is  followed  by  the 
coming  of  Tribulation  (Ver.  Ixii  f. ;  Lyd.  pp.  425-436),  by  St. 
Bernard's  Prayer,  and  then  by  the  meeting  Avith  Avarice  (Ver. 
Ixviif.;  Lyd.  pp.  460-493). 

8.  In  Stiirzinger  (pp.  318  f.),  after  the  episode  of  Avarice,  the 
Pilgrim  is  attacked  by  Gluttony  and  Venus,  and  robbed  of  his  staff. 
He  laments,  and  Grace  Dieu  appears  to  him  in  a  cloud  and  restores  it  to 
him,  afterwards  giving  him  a  "scripture"  which  contains  an  ABC 
poem  to  the  Virgin.  In  the  second  version  Gluttony  and  Venus 
attack  him  much  earlier,  immediately  before  the  coming  of  Sloth, 
and  after  the  vision  of  the  Wheel  of  Sensuality  (Ver.  xlix,  back  f. ; 
Lyd.  pp.  346-367).  There  is  no  loss  of  the  stafif,  and  the  ABC 
comes  between  the  incident  of  Fortune  and  her  Wheel  and  the  appear- 
ance of  Astronomy-Astrology  (Ver.  Ixxviiif.;  Lyd.  pp.  526-533). 

9.  Following  on  the  ABC  comes  the  bath  of  Repentance  in 
StiirzLQger  (p.  351  f.).  In  the  second  version  this  comes  after  the 
appearance  of  the  Ship  of  Grace  Dieu  (Ver.  Ixxxviii,  back  f. ;  Lyd. 
pp.  582-585). 

10.  E'ext  come  in  Stiirzinger  (p.  357  f.)  the  description  of  the  sea 
of  the  world  and  of  the  hunter  Satan,  the  appearance  of  Heresy  and 
Grace  Dieu's  explanation  of  the  meaning  of  the  sea  of  the  world  and 
the  hunter.    (In  Verard  and  Lydgate  Satan  himself  gives  this  explan- 


Introchtction.    ill.  Relation  of  tioo  Versions  to  one  anothco\    xxix* 

ation.)  In  the  second  version,  after  tlie  intervieAV  Avith  Avarice,  we 
find  the  episode  of  the  Messenger  of  i^ecromancy  (absent  from  Stlir- 
zinger),  the  appearance  of  Heresy,  the  description  of  the  sea  of  the 
world,  of  the  Hunter  and  of  Fortune's  AVheel,  the  Pilgrim's  lament 
and  the  ABC.     (Ver.  Ixxii-lxxix,  back  ;  Lyd.  pp.  494-533.) 

11.  As  before  said,  the  episode  of  Youth  is  inserted  at  p.  368  f. 
in  Stiirzinger,  and  is  followed  by  the  enumeration  of  the  five  perils  in 
the  sea  (pp.  371-374).  In  Ver.  (Ixxx-lxxxvii,  back)  and  Lydgate 
(pp.  534-578)  we  find  the  descriptions  of  four  of  the  perils,  that 
of  Fortune,  or  Charybdis,  having  already  been  given. 

12.  I^ext  in  Stiirzinger  (pp.  374-380)  comes  Tribulation,  and  a 
short  prayer  of  the  Pilgrim  to  God.  In  the  second  version  Tribu- 
lation, and  St.  Bernard's  Prayer,  replacing  the  short  prayer,  come 
between  Wrath  and  Avarice  (Ver.  Ivii-lxvi ;  Lyd.  pp.  425-458). 

13.  Tribulation's  departure  is  followed  in  Stiirzinger  (p.  388  f.)  by 
the  arrival  of  the  Ship  of  Grace  Dieu.  This  comes  in  the  second  ver- 
sion after  the  peril  of  the  Syren  or  Worldly  Gladness,  and  is  combined 
with  the  episode  of  the  Bath  of  Penitence  (Ver.  Ixxxviii-lxxxix, 
back;  Lyd.  pp.  579-590). 

14.  Here,  once  more,  the  two  versions  begin  to  run  more  closely 
together. 

The  Pilgrim  enters  the  monastery  and  meets  various  ladies,  who 
are  described,  though  their  number  and  the  order  in  which  they  are 
introduced  differs  a  little.  In  Stiirzinger  we  read  of  Obedience, 
Decepline,  Voluntaire,  Povrete,  Chastite,  Lecon,  Abstenence, 
Oroison  and  Latria,  and  in  Lydgate  and  Verard  of  Lesson,  Hagio- 
graphy,  Obedience,  Abstinence,  Willing  Poverty,  Impatient  Poverty, 
Chastity,  Prayer  and  Latria. 

After  this  there  are  in  the  second  recension  certain  episodes 
which  are  absent  from  the  first,  but  such  as  exist  in  both  versions 
follow  the  same  order,  wdth  the  exception  of  the  incident  of  the  horse, 
Good  Renown. 

These  four  categories  include  most  of  the  important  differences 
between  the  two  versions  and  many  of  the  minor  ones ;  and  we  may 
judge  from  the  list  that  De  Guileville  did  not  spare  trouble  in  rewrit- 
ing his  poem.  As  will  be  noticed,  the  interpolations  of  new  matter 
are  scattered  with  tolerable  regularity  throughout  the  poem,  but 
variations  in  the  sequence  of  events  are  practically  absent  from  the 
first  third,  while  they  become  more  and  more  numerous  as  the 
narrative  progresses,  until,  after  the  middle  of  the  book  has  been 


XXX*    Introduction,    ill.  Relation  of  ttvo  Versions  to  one  another. 

passed,  hardly  three  episodes  will  be  found  coming  in  the  same 
order  in  the  two  versions.  It  is  a  matter  for  doubt  whether  De 
Guileville  always  improved  his  poem  by  his  rearrangements  and 
additions.  We  admit  that  the  introduction  of  Impatient  Poverty 
adds  point  to  the"  picture  of  Wilful  Poverty,  and  certainly  it  is  better 
that  Youth  should  appear  at  an  early  stage  of  the  narrative  than 
three-quarters  of  the  way  through,  as  in  the  first  version.  The  addi- 
tions to  the  Testament  of  Jesus  Christ  are  appropriate,  and  the  per- 
sonification of  the  Perils  in  the  sea  certainly  adds  interest  to  that 
part  of  the  allegory.  The  coming  of  Prayer  and  Alms  to  act  as 
messengers  for  the  Pilgrim  is  a  good  touch,  and  the  five  stones  of 
David, — Memory  of  Christ's  Death,  of  Mary,  of  Heaven's  bliss,  of 
Hell-fire  and  Holy  Writ,  which  are  the  sole  defences  of  the  Pilgrim 
who  neglects  to  wear  the  armour  of  Eighteousness, — supply  a  want. 

On  the  whole,  however,  the  additions  and  alterations  tend  towards 
tediousness  and  confusion.  The  long  Latin  poems  on  the  articles  of 
the  Creed,  on  God  in  Trinity  and  on  the  Virgin  Mary,  are  an  inter- 
ruption to  the  narrative,  as  are  also  the  long  prayer  which  De  Guile- 
ville has  adapted  from  the  writings  of  St.  Bernard,  and  the  verses 
in  alternate  French  and  Latin  lines  which  set  forth  De  Guileville's 
name  in  an  acrostic.  Possibly  the  inserted  discussions  on  original 
sin,  free  will,  the  senses,  influence  of  the  stars,  etc.,  appealed  to  the 
public  for  which  De  Guileville  Avrote  ;  and  even  to  the  reader  of  the 
present-day  parts  of  them  are  by  no  means  uninteresting.  But  these 
discussions  are  woefully  long,  and  seriously  interfere  with  the  unity 
of  the  narrative. 

The  additions  to  the  later  part  of  the  allegory,  viz.  the  attack 
of  Envy  on  the  convent,  the  visits  the  Pilgrim  pays  to  other 
monasteries,  and  the  abuses  he  sees  there,  evidently  reflect  some 
personal  experience  of  the  author's.  The  latter  episode  is  specially 
interesting  as  showing  that  the  monastic  abuses,  of  which  we  liear  so 
much  in  England  at  this  period,  were  evidently  not  confined  to  that 
country.  Despite  its  interest,  however,  it  is  a  very  evident  insertion, 
and  has  not  much  to  do  with  the  general  allegory. 

Not  much  fault  can  be  found  with  the  episode  of  Necromancy's 
messenger.  Necromancy  was  a  burning  question  of  the  day,  and 
involved  a  real  temptation  to  many  people,  and  the  introduction  of 
this  figure  has  no  other  effect  upon  the  course  of  the  narrative  than 
to  add  to  it  so  many  more  pages.  But  the  appearance  of  Moral 
Virtue  with  lier  gate  and  two  posterns,  the  episode  of  Mortification  of 


in.  Itelation  of  the  tico  Versions,     iv.  Lydgate's  Metre,     xxxi* 

the  Body,  tind  the  vision  of  the  Wheel  of  Sensuality  are  different. 
The  Pilgrim,  having  definitely  entered  upon  the  road  to  the  Heavenly 
City,  having  been  armed,  having  overcome  Eude  Entendenient  by 
means  of  Eeason,  and  having  been  led  by  Youth  to  take  the  path  of 
Idleness  rather  than  that  of  Labour,  is  at  once  confronted  by  grave 
moral  questions.     Moral  Virtue,  as  opjjosed  to  the  recklessness  and 
thoughtlessness  of  Youth,  asserts  herself,  and  this  awaking  to  con- 
sciousness of  the  more  serious  side  of  the  Pilgrim's  character  is  at  once 
followed  by  new  temptations  and  new  conflicts,  Lust  fighting  on  the 
side  of  Youth  and  Idleness,  and  Mortification  of  the  Body  on  the  side 
of  Moral  Virtue  and  Labour.     The  extra  emphasis  thus  laid  on  the 
choice  that  the  Pilgrim  has  to  make  is  certainly  desirable,  and  adds 
to  the  interest  of  this  portion  of  the  Avork.     But  as  usual  the  addi- 
tions are  far  too  long  and  discursive.     The  introduction  of  Moral 
Virtue  and  her  gates  is  most  clumsily  managed,  and  one  gets  into  a 
hopeless  maze  among  all  the  different  paths  that  are  mentioned.    "VVe 
are  told  that  the  main  gate  of  Moral  Virtue  is  set  across  the  path  of 
Idleness  (Lyd.  11732-11744),  whereas  not  long  after  we  find  that  the 
Pilgrim  is  on  the  other  side  of  the  hedge,  and  that  Youth  takes  him 
on  her  back  and  flies  with  him  over  the  hedge  back  to  the  path  of 
Idleness  (12729-12734).     Yet  we  are  not  told  in  the  interval  that 
he  has  passed  from  Idleness  to  Labour,  but  only  that  he  has  begun 
to  consider  which  of  Moral  Virtue's  posterns  (against  Avhich  she  had 
been    warning  him)   he    shall   jjass    through   (11951-11957).     The 
vision    of   the  AYheel   of   Sensuality    is    also    a    somewhat    clumsy 
expedient. 

Speaking  generally,  we  may  say  that  De  Guileville's  first 
recension  reads  more  closely,  and  forms  a  better  artistic  whole 
than  the  second  version,  but  that  some  of  the  later  additions  distinctly 
add  to  the  interest  of  the  poem,  though  not  invariably  to  its  excel- 
lence as  an  allegory. 

IV.  Lydgatb's  Metre. 

Before  discussing  the  metre  of  the  Pilgrimage  it  is  necessary  to 
consider  in  some  detail  the  question  of  Lydgate's  treatment  of 
final  e. 

Eoughly  speaking,  we  may  say  that  he  follows  the  same  general 
rules  as  Chaucer. 

(1)  Final  e  is  sounded  before  a  consonant  when  it  is  the  remnant 
of  a  grammatical  inflection  or  of  a  stronger  vowel. 

PILGRIMAGE.  C 


xxxii*  ,  Introduction,    iv.  Lydgate's  Metre. 

835  "  Lo,  her  ys  al :  awyse  the." 
2950  "  They  mustc  ffaylle  bothe  two." 
19002  "  An  liuid'e  stoode  with  his  home." 

(2)  It  is  souuded  in  many  Romance  Avords,  as  in  French  verse. 

115  "I  mene  the  hook  Pilgrimage  de  Mounde." 
808  "  Humble,  benigne,  &  debonayre." 
19  "Fortune  is  ladye  with  her  double  face." 
But— 

4500  "  And  verray  iuste  confessioun." 

(3)  Final  e,  that  would,  according  to  the  foregoing  rules,  be 
pronounced,  is  silent  when  immediately  followed  by  a  vowel. 

4529  "  I  make  hem  faste,  preye  and  wake." 

(4)  It  is  silent  before  h  in  such  slightly  stressed  words  as  hem, 
liyr,  han,  hath,  etc.,  but  is  otherwise  pronounced  before  h. 

57   "To  holde  hys  cours  as  ledeth  hym  the  streem." 
1519  "  Softe  handle  the  soor  to  seke." 

(5)  It  is  generally  silent  in  the  personal  pronouns  youre,  hyre, 
■etc.,  from  want  of  stress. 

46  "That  yowre  lyff  her  ys  but  a  pylgrimage." 
To  the  foregoing  rules  we  may  add  these  others  : 

(6)  Lydgate  very  commonly  does  not  sound  the  final  e  when  it 
immediately  precedes  the  caesura.  On  this  point,  however,  he  allows 
himself  considerable  freedom. 

14  "That  kam  with  loye  /  departeth  ay  with  sorwe." 
72  "Wherefore  I  rede  /  lat  euery  Avhyht  a-mend." 
22  "  And  off  al  loye  /  that  ys  transytorye." 
63  "Ytakyn  inne  /  so  as  they  dysserve." 

(7)  Final  e  preceded  and  followed  by  a  dental  is  generally  not 
sounded. 

822  "  With-oute  that  I  thy  guyde  be." 
1840  "  That  kepte  the  entre  and  the  paas." 
11080  "  Me  sempte  thys  mayden  off  folye." 

(8)  Polysyllables  often,  though  not  always,  lose  final  e,  but  most 
of  the  examples  of  this  are  doubtful,  as  usually  some  other  law  also 
comes  into  operation.  Ten  Brink  says  that  the  sounding  is  optional, 
and  it  seems  to  be  the  case  that  it  rarely  takes  place  when  the 
preceding  syllable  is  weak. 

12348  "To  the  heuene  cully d  mobyle." 
I  will  now  analyze  Lydgate's  usage  with  regard  to  final  e  in  the 


Introduction.     IV.  Lydgatc's  Metre.  xxxiii* 

italicized  words  of  the  following  passage,  indicating  in  eacli  case  by 
which  of  the  i^receding  rules  it  is  influenced. 

806  "  And  by  thys  dowe  /  wych  thow  dost  se, 

807  Wych  I  here  /  with  wyngiis  fayre, 

808  Humble,  henigne,  /  &  debonayre, 

809  I  am  tookenyd,  /  who  lyst  seke, 

810  With  hyr  goodly  eyen  meke. 

811  And  so  thow  shalt  me  call  in  dede 

812  Whan  thow  hast  on-to  me  nede, — 

813  And  that  shall  be  full  ofte  sythe 

814  That  I  may  my  power  kytlie 

815  Teljje  the  in  thy  pilgryniage. 

816  ffor  fynaly  in  thy  vyage 

817  As  thow  gost  to  that  cyte, 

818  Thow  shalt  hawe  offfe  aduersyte  .... 

821  Wych  thow  mayst  nat  in  no  degre 

822  Passe  nor  endure  v/ith.-oute  me, 

823  Xor  that  cgte  never  atteyne 

824  (Thogh  thow  euer  do  thy  peyne,) 

825  Wiih-oute  that  I  thy  guyde  be." 

In  dowe  (1.  806)  the  e  is  not  organic  and  is  therefore  not  pronounced. 
In  various  other  passages  we  find  dowh  written  instead  of  doice. 

In  here  (807),  though  according  to  rule  1  the  e  would  be 
sounded,  it  is  mute  because  it  immediately  precedes  the  caesura. 

Humble  (808)  has  the  e  sounded  according  to  rule  2. 

benigtie  (808).     The  e  is  mute  before  a  following  vowel. 

offte  (813)  is  the  plural  form  of  an  adjective  vowel,  the  e  is 
therefore  sounded  according  to  rule  1. 

Telpe  (815).  The  e  representing  the  Infin.  ending  is  sounded 
according  to  rnle  1. 

offte  (818).     The  e  is  silent  before  a  vowel. 

endure  (822).     The  e  is  mute  before  the  Ci^esura. 

With-oide  (822).  The  e  is  sounded  before  a  consonant  according 
to  rule  1. 

cgte  (823).     The  e  is  accented  in  French. 

With-oute  (825).  The  next  word  is  that,  and  the  e  is  elided 
between  two  dentals. 

gugde  (825).     Sounded  according  to  rule  2. 

There  remains  one  word  ^xisse  in  1.  822,  which  falls  under  none 
of  these  rules,  and  for  the  mute  e  in  which  no  reason  can  be  adduced. 

In  the  first  seventy  lines  of  the  poem  the  greater  number  of  the 
final  e's  follow  the  above  rules.  There  are,  however,  a  few  lines  in 
which  the  reasons  for  sounding  or  non-sounding  seem  doubtful. 


xxxiv*  Introduction.     IV.  Lydgates  Metre. 

7   "  Xor  the  treaoor'd  /  wycli  that  ye  possede." 

The  sounding  of  the  e  (it  is  neither  written  nor  pronounced  in 
1.  17)  must  be  explained  by  the  liberty  that  Lydgate  allows  himself 
before  the  csesura,  or  by  the  fact  that  tresovre  is  a  polysyllable  with 
the  accent  on  the  second  syllable. 

11    "  Whan  folk  lest  wen'i'  j  and  noon  hede  ne  take," 

This  certainly  seems  to  be  the  most  natural  way  of  reading  the 
line,  and  we  must  put  down  the  sounding  of  the  e  in  wene  before  a 
vowel  to  the  fact  that  it  occurs  at  the  caesura.     The  final  e  in  hede  is 
only  added  to  show  length  and  therefore  it  is  properly  mute. 
15  "  An  thyng  ywonne  j  with  loye  and  gladnesse." 

Properly  speaking,  the  e  in  loye  should  be  mute  before  and,  and 
it  seems  to  be  sounded  here  for  metrical  reasons  only.  The  e  in 
ywonne  is  silent,  according  to  ten  Brink's  rule  that  final  e  is  not 
sounded  in  strong  participles  of  short-syllabled  verbs,  when  the  n  is 
lost.  The  observance  of  this  rule  seems  to  be  common  both  to 
Chaucer  and  Lydgate. 

25   "  And  hyr  augre  [ys]  vnder-spreynt  wyth  galle." 

We  should  not  sound  the  e  in  sugre  if  we  considered  only  rule  4. 
It  is  best  to  read  the  line  as  one  with  missing  auftakt,  unless  this  is 
a  case  of  caesura  licence. 

From  these  examples  we  may  draw  the  conclusion  that  though 
Lydgate  generally  followed  the  same  rules  as  Chaucer  he  allowed 
himself  more  liberty.  Especially  was  this  the  case  with  regard  to 
polysyllabic  words,  in  which  he  was  accustomed  to  sound  or  elide 
the  final  e  according  to  the  requirements  of  the  metre,  irrespective  of 
other  consideration.  When  a  final  e  preceded  the  caesura  he  allowed 
himself  an  equal  amount  of  liberty,  and  when  it  occurred  in  this 
position  would  frequently  sound  an  e  that,  according  to  other  rules, 
should  have  been  silent,  or  omit  to  sound  one  which  we  should  have 
expected  him  to  pronounce. 

The  freedom  he  allowed  himself  in  these  respects  was  occasionally 
extended  to  other  words  in  other  positions,  and  we  thus  see  the  be- 
ginning of  the  N.E,  pronunciation  more  clearly  indicated  in  Lydgate 
than  in  Chaucer. 

We  may  now  turn  to  the  question  of  metre. 

The  Pilgrimage  of  the  Life  of  Man  is  written  in  rimed,  octo- 
syllabic couplets,  the  measure  employed  being  iambic.  Lydgate's 
Prologue,  however — 184  lines  in  length — is  written  in  decasyllabic 
couplets. 


Introduction,     iv.  Lyd(jatc's  Metre.  xxxv* 

The  various  types  of  Lydgate's  5-beat  iambic  line  have  been  given 
by  Scliick,  and  1  have  nothing  to  add  to  bis  conclusions.     Of  the 
general  features  of  his  verse  a  few  examples  may  be  given. 
Lydgate  employed  alliteration  freely. 

2.551   "  Nouther  salue,  That  soor  to  sownde." 
3350  "  Sturdyly  she  sette  a  syde." 
3352  "  Brennyng  bryht  as  any  glede." 
40  "  Peplys  to  putte  in  subieccyon." 
3596  "  Off  boundys  &  off  botaylle." 

3711  "  Unto  the  wylde  swyn  savage, 

3712  Wych  that  renneth  in  hys  rage." 

But  though  these  alliterative  lines  are  fairly  numerous  they  are 
employed  with  considerable  self-restraint.  For  instance,  in  the 
'  Testament  of  Jesus  Christ'  (11.  4773—5029)  there  are  but  33  alliter- 
ative lines.  In  the  description  of  Youth  (11.  11068 — 11212)  there 
are  but  22.  Therefore  the  alliteration  in  Lydgate's  verse  never 
becomes  burdensome,  but  rather  tends  to  give  it  a  little  of  the  variety 
that  it  so  much  needs. 

Elision  is  common  and  is  responsible  for  what  constitutes  a  very 
marked  feature  of  this  text,  viz.  the  habit  of  combining  the  pro- 
position to  with  the  next  word  Avhen  it  begins  with  a  vowel  or 
unstressed  h. 

Examples  are  : 

1019   "  Talyved  euere,  thys  no  lesyng." 
1766  "  Lyk  tamyglity  ch?imYijo\\r\." 
1967   "  So  tend^iren  al  your  lyff." 
2385  "In  ta  pulpot  that  ther  stood." 
6302  "  TajMvceyve,  in  thys  matere." 
6996  "And  tapoynfe  yt  ffetysly." 
6999  "In  travers  wyse,  yt  tenhrasse.'" 
The,  thifi,  that  and  there  are  often  combined  Avith  the  following 
■word  in  the  same  way. 

127   "In  thenpryses  wych  he  hath  undertake." 
7583  "  TJiassaut  off  brygauntys  nyht  &  day." 
7758  "  That'imire  of  thyn  handys  tweyne." 
10869   "  Tlienchesoun  &  mutac'iouns." 
2701  "  Tliys  to  seyne,  in  your  werkyng." 
3053  "  Tliys  he  that  haueth  pleyn  power." 
2496-7   "  And  thus  departyd  ys  your  land 
In  double  party  {thys  no  doute)." 


xxxvi*  Introduction,     iv.  Lydgates  Metre. 

Sometimes  this  combination  injures  the  metre,  and  restoring  the 
to  would  mend  it.  This  is  the  case  in  Ih  1766  and  2385  given 
above,  and  also  in  1.  7778  : 

"  Tarme  a  man  in  chastyte." 

It  may  be  noticed  that  in  the  1403  lines  of  the  Temple  of  Glas 
there  are  but  five  examples  of  this  characteristic. 

449  "  I  shal,  baspectes  of  my  benygne  face, 

450  Make  him  teschewe  euere  synne  &  vice." 
517  "  Iti3st  so  bensaumple,  for  wele  or  for  avo." 
660  "For  "whan  ))at  hope  were  likli  me  tauaunce." 
827  "  Eut  jjis  theffecte  of  my  mater  finolle." 

We  may  imagine  that  this  was  a  habit  likely  to  increase  with  use, 
and  in  fixing  the  relative  chronology  of  Lydgate's  works  it  might  be 
Avorth  while  to  pay  some  attention  to  this  point. 

Cases  of  elision,  not  indicated  by  the  spelling,  and  of  syncope  are 
also  fairly  common  : 

189   "Tyl  effte  agayn  yt  com(y)th  to  mynde." 
344  "That  thyder  wentyn  ev(e)ne  ryht." 
359  "As  any  Ifyr,  evene  at  the  gate." 
483   "  By  vertu  of  crystys  gret  suffraunce." 
2724  "  YitF  ye  list  to  have  knowelichyng." 
3114  "Tliorgh  nat(u)iel  Inclynaciouns." 
3813  "  Or  fostre  your  sedys  blosnie  or  greyn." 
10851   "The  word(y)s  that  thow  dost  specefye." 
The  cKSura  in  the  octosyllabic  verse  is  occasionally  very  varied. 
Its  regular  place  is  after  the  fourth  syllable  and  second  accent,  but 
in  the  first  few  lines  of  the   Prologue  we  find  it  falling  with  quite  a 
pleasing  irregularity. 

'•  Full  offte  hyt  happeth  /  in  certeyn 
Of  dremys-/  the  wych  that  men  ha  seyn 
I  nightys-/  after,  whan  they  wake, 
flTul  lytel  heed  /  there-of  they  take 
Tyl  effte  agayn  /  yt  comyth  to  mj'ude 
That  they  /  the  veray  trouthe  fynde, 
0  euery  thyng  /  they  saw  to-foru 
ifor  /  of  remembraunce  the  thorn 
Pryketh  here  myndes  /  with  hys  poynt." 

This  passage  perhaps  contains  greater  irregularities  than  most, 
though  some  of  them  are  only  apparent  and  are  due  to  the  fact  that 
the  line  is  acephalous.     But  throughout  the  poem  it  may  be  noticed 


Jntroduction.     iv.  Lydgate's  Metre.  xxxvii* 

that  Lydgate  often  places  the  caesura  in  the, middle  of  a  foot,  so  that 
the  number  of  syllables  on  each  side  of  the  pause '  is  odd  although 
the  number  of  accents  may  be  correct. 

In  his  Introduction  to  the  Temple  of  Glas  Schick  points  out 
that  the  rime  "  is,  in  general,  pure  and  skilfully  handled,"  and  that 
*'  the  principles  followed  by  Lydgate  are  much  the  same  as  those  of 
Chaucer."  He  then  proceeds  to  point  out  some  peculiarities,  to  whicli 
I  niaj'  add  a  few  from  the  present  text. 

I  have  found  no  example  of  ->/e  riming  with  -?/  in  the  first  4000 
lines  of  the  poem. 

As  both  Schick  and  Sieper  point  out,  Lydgate  shares  with 
Chaucer  an  indifference  as  to  whether  sounds  are  close  or  open. 
Thus  in  1.  233  we  find  Irode  (O.E.  brad)  riming  with  stood  (O.E. 
stod). 

AVords  are  occasionally  rimed  irrespective  of  length.  In  11.  231-2 
tvrote  rimes  with  not  (  =  ne  wot),  and  in  1.  2615  dele  rimes  with  wel. 
This  last  example  however  is  rather  an  uncertain  one, .  as.  in  the 
expression  iiever-a-dele,  dele  often  lost  its  length  through  want  of 
stress  and  was  written  del.  So  it  is  possible  that  Lydgate  may  have 
pronounced  it  short. 

The  riming  of  a  word  with  itself  or  with  another  word  of  similar 
spelling  occasionally  takes  place. 

^x.  jjoijnt ' .  .  .  2^oynt  1581-2;  beheld  .  .  .  7ie?<i  1395-6.;  ^L•l|se 
.  .  .  ivi/se  2523-4  ;  yseijyi  .  .  .  sei/n  3291-2. 

The  infrequency  of  double  rimes  may  be  noticed.  In  the  portion 
of  the  text  that  I  have  examined  for  this  purpose  I  have  found  that 
(putting  aside  those  formed  by  final  e)  they  are  of  the  most  ordinary 
character  and  confined  to  a  small  range  of  words.  Thus  we  find 
such  rimes  as  morwe  .  .  .  sorwe,  glory e  .  .  .  trans ytorye,  double 
.  .  .  trouble,  vyctoi'ye  .  .  .  transytorye,  neuere  -.  .  .  dysseuere  re- 
peated fairly  often,  and  occasionally  come  across  less  obvious  ones, 
such  as  houndys  .  .  .  founde  ys'  3337-8,  but  much  more  frequently 
the  rime  is  confined  to  the  last  syllable,  and  sometimes  even  when 
that  syllable  is  a  weak  one. 

Ex.  demr  .  .  .  j^oicer  ^558-9 ;  ffelonye  .  .  .  imdeneohje  1561-2. 

In  such  rimes  as  ?-?/pV?«(/  .  .  .  yadryng  1269-70  the  accent  was 
probaibly  on  th«  last  syllable.  ..;■•,        ■  ;',??  ly)  ^-;>rin>,  .' 

At  intervals  we  come  on  rimes  like  borne  .  .  .  to-forn  1207-8  ; 
pray  .  .  .  seye  1214-5  ;  liepe  ..  .  .  sliep  2159-60 ;  bed  .  .  .  drede 
1697-8;  cronom  '.-.  -  c/o^^tj' 1997-8;  sprynge  .  ,  .' toerJc'yng  2924-5;; 


xxxviii*  Introdiiction.     iv.  Lydgatcs  Metre. 

skyle  .  .  .  icyl  2689-90.  Some  of  these  may  perhaps  be  put  down 
to  the  copyist,  but  wlien  all  allowances  are  made  we  cannot  help 
looking  upon  the  frequency  Avith  which  they  occur  as  some  proof  of 
the  extent  to  which  Lydgate  allowed  himself  to  drop  sonant  e  when 
convenient.  Skyle  .  .  .  ivyl  is  a  specially  good  example,  since  the 
■word  sJn/le  occurs  also  at  11.  2694-  and  2741,  and  in  both  these  lines 
it  is  es.sential  that  the  e  should  be  sounded.  In  1.  2681  it  is  found 
again,  before  the  caesura,  with  the  e  mute. 

Lydgate  is  not  strict  in  his  use  of  the  octosyllabic  line,  and 
several  distinct  types  can  be  found. 

According  to  Sieper  these  are  : 

(a)  The  normal  line  of  8  syllables  and  4  accents  (usually 
iambic). 

(b)  The  headless  line  of  7  syllables  (which  is  often  partially  or 
wholly  trochaic  in  metre). 

(c)  The  7-syllabled  line  in  which  the  first  thesis  after  the  cajsura 
is  wanting. 

The  passage  descriptive  of  the  heavenly  Jerusalem  displays  much 
variety  in  the  line,  so  it  may  be  well  to  analyze  it  as  regards  its  metre. 
LI.  309-11  are  regular. 

312  "To  Jerusalem  /  for  to  goon  " 

can  be  read  as  regular  if  leriisalgm  be  accented  on  the  first  and 
penultimate  syllables.  As  Lydgate  allowed  himself  some  licence  in 
the  accentuation  of  names  this  is  perhaps  possible. 

Otherwise  the  line  must  be  read  as  acephalous  with  elision  in 

Jerusalem. 

313  "  Gretly  meved  /  in  my  corage  " 

must  be  regarded  as  an  acephalous  line  with  extra  weak  syllable 
before  the  ctesura,  unless  we  can  suppose  that  the  e  in  the  -ed  of 
meved  was  syncopated. 

314  "  ffur  to  do  /  my  pylgrymage," 
■and 

316  "And  to  tell  /  the  cause  why" 

are  both  acephalous  and  belong  to  type  B. 

317  "  Was,  ffor  me  thouht  I  hadde  a  syht " 

belongs  to  type  A,  but  may  perhaps  be  read  with  an  inverted  first 

foot.  _ 

319   "  Oif  that  hevenly  /  ffayr  cyte" 

i  an  acephalous  line  with  resolution  of  the  two  syllables  of  heven. 


Introduction,     iv.  Lydgcctc's  Metre.  xxxix* 

321  Also  belongs  to  B. 

324   "  Yt  excellyde  /  off  bSwte  "     ■ 
may  be  read  as  above  accented  or  Avith  syncopation   of  tlie  y  and 
sounding  of  the  final  e  of   excell(y)de.     In  either  case  it  belongs  to 
type  B. 

326   "  iTor  God  ]iyni  selff  /  was  th6  masuwn  " 
belongs  to  type  A,  but  with  exceptional  inversion  of  the  first  foot  in 
the  caesura.     Inversion  of  the  first  foot  of  the  line  is  more  common 
and  occurs  in 

329  "  yt  to  conceyve  /  in  hys  enteiit" 
as  well  as  in  346  and  348. 

330  to  334  belong  alternately  to  types  A  and  B. 
335  "  ThS  mas5nnry  /  wrought  fill  clene" 

is  an  example  of  type  C,  what  Schick  calls  "the  peculiarly 
Lydgatian  type,  in  which  the  thesis  is  wanting  in  the  caesura,  so  that 
two  accented  syllables  clash  together." 

340  "  Tlig  wycli  /  day  nor  nyht  ne  slepte  "    - 

is  another  example  of  the  same,  but  is  rather  exceptional  because  of 
the  position  of  the  caesura. 

341  "  Kgpyng  so  strOngly  /  the  entre  " 

belongs  to  type  A,  and  contains  an  example  of  the  accentuation  of 
the  ending  of  the  present  participle,  unless  we  read  it  with  a  trochaic 
first  foot.  Sieper  however  considers  that  the  accentuation  of  the 
-in(i  may  almost  be  regarded,  as  a  rule,  with  present  participles. 
This  line  also  contains  an  example  of  unnatural  accentuation  on  the. 

344  belongs  to  type  A  with  syncopation  in  ev{e)ne. 

351   **  fFond,  /  onto  hys  pleasaunce  " 
does  not  at  once  conform  to  any  of  the  types.     We  may  perhaps  say 
that  it  is  acephalous,  Avith  a  light  syllable  missing  before  the  caesura. 

354  "  And  yet  the  entre  on  swych  wyse." 
Accented  in  this  way  this  is  a  regular  line  of  type  A.     We  may 
notice  however  that  in  1.  341,  cited  above,  the  accent  is  on  the 
second  syllable  of  entre,  and  this  is  also  the  case  in  1.  430. 

"  To  whom  thentre  was  not  fforbore." 
Therefore  it  is  possible  that  354  should  be  read  as  an  example  of 
type  C. 

"And  yet  the  entre  /  on  swych  wyse." 

In  1.  1840  however  the  accent  seems  to  be  ehtre. 


xl*  Introduction,     iv.  Lydgatc's  Metre. 

358  "  Havyng  a  swerd,  fflawmyng  as  cler," 

depends  for  its  accentuation  on  the  question  of  the  accentuation  of 
present  participles.  To  my  ears  it  reads  best  when  accentuated  as 
alternate  trochees  and  iambs,  but  this  may  not  have  been  so  with 
Lydgate. 

359  "  As  any  ffyf,  /  gvene  at  the  gate  " 
belongs  to  type  A  with  elision. 

360  ''  And  Avho  that  wold  /  efly  of  late  " 

must  surely  have,  like  1.  326,  inversion  of  the  first  foot  of  the 
caesura. 

363  "  N^e  bet  helpe,  /  ne  bet  ref ut  " 

must  probably  be  explained  in  the  same  way  as  1.  313. 

The  remaining  lines  of  the  passage  are  regular  examples  of  types 
A  and  B. 

Other  examples  of  type  C  ai"e  : 

3979   "  And  Moyses  ek  /  dyned  hadde.^' 
3981    "  HS  made  A-noon  /  thys,  the  cheff." 
Lines  with  redundant  syllables  are  rare,  but  1.  2159  may  be  taken  as 
such,  unless  we  prefer  to  read  it  as  a  decasyllabic  line. 

"  Your  shepperde,  /  tliat  taketh  of  yow  kepe." 
There  are  also,  of  course,  a   few  lines  which  cannot  be  assigned  to 
either  of  the  types,  such  as  : 

1504  "  With-outeu  eny  flatrye." 
2034  "  Al  the  whyl  that  I  dwelle," 

and  perhaps  1.  351,  cited  above,  but  they  are  wonderfully  few  in 
number.     Altogether,  Lydgate's  own  words  in  the  Troy  Book  : 

'  *  And  trouthe  of  metre  I  sette  also  a-sy de  ; 
For  of  that  art  I  liadde  as  tlio  no  guyde 
Me  to  reduce,  whan  I  went  a-wronge  : 
I  toke  none  hede  nouther  of  short  nor  longe  " — 

are  rather  more  severe  than  the  case  demands,  and  many  lines, 
apparently  irregular,  may  be  normalize<l  by  syncopation,  elision  or 
by  the  uncertainty  of  word-accent  common  to  both  Chaucer  and 
Lydgate.  For  a  discussion  on  this  last  point  I  will  refer  the  reader 
to  the  Introduction  of  Reason  and  Sensualiti/,  in  yvhieh  the  whole 
question  of  Lydgate's  metre  is  treated  with  much  detail. 


Introduction,     v.  Lijdgate's  Language  and  Style.         xli* 

V.   Lydgate's  Language  axd  Style. 

In  liis  tribute  to  Chaucer  on  p.  527  of  the  Pilgrimarje  Lydgate 
speaks  of  him  as 

"my  niayster  Chaucer  .... 
That  was  the  ffyrste  in  any  age 
That  amendede  oiu'  langage  " — 

affording  thus  an  interesting  proof  that  even  as  soon  after  his  deatlt 
as  1426  the  writers  of  the  period  had  a  clear  recognition  of  the  debt 
that  the  English  literary  language  owed  to  Chaucer. 

Lydgate  was  one  of  those  who  were  most  influenced  in  this 
respect,  and  indeed,  as  Schick  points  out,  he  was  even  more  modern 
in  language  than  Chaucer  himself.  In  phonology  and  inflexion,  it 
is  true,  there  is  little  difference  between  them,  but  Lydgate  dropped 
many  old  English  words  which  were  retained  by  Chaucer  and  are 
now  obsolete,  and  used  instead  words  of  Romance  or  classical  origin 
which  may  be  easily  understood  by  us  even  if  we  do  not  actually 
use  them.  Both  Chaucer  and  Lydgate  belonged  to  the  East  Mid- 
land district,  and,  as  we  know,  the  dialect  of  this  district  was  much 
more  cosmopolitan  than  that  of  the  others,  both  on  account  of  its 
intermediate  position  and  because  of  the  fact  that  it  Avas  the  dialect 
of  London,  and  therefore  more  open  to  foreign  influences  than  the 
dialects  of  more  provincial  districts. 

An  intimate  acquaintance  with  French  Avas,  of  course,  at  this 
time  common  among  all  men  with  any  pretensions  to  education,  but 
l)oth  Chaucer  and  Lydgate  travelled  in  France,  and  there  is  even  a 
tradition,  which  Schick  however  discredits,  that  Lydgate  was 
educated  in  Paris.  However  this  may  be,  it  is  practically  certain, 
as  Schick  points  out  in  his  chapter  on  the  chronology  of  Lydgate's 
writings,  that  Lydgate  Avas  in  Paris  about  1426,  that  is  to  say,  about 
the  time  when  the  Pilgrimage  Avas  begun. 

These  things  being  so,  Ave  are  not- surprised  that  the  Pilgrimage 
should  contain  a  very  large  proportion  of  French  words,  especially 
Avheu  we  consider  tAvo  other  points, — firstly,  that  it  Avas  a  translation 
from  the  French,  and  therefore  its  author  Avould  naturally  tend  to 
use  words  of  French  rather  than  of  Teutonic  origin ;  and  secondly, 
that  it  was  largely  concerned  Avith  questions  of  ecclesiastical  interest) 
Avhich,  OAAdng  to  the  general  use  of  Latin  in  matters  of  Church  and 
Religion,  Avould  tend  to  increase  the  number  of  Avords  of  classical 
origin  used  by  the  author.     That  these  last  tAvo  considerations  are 


xlii*        Introduction,     v.  Lydgate^s  Language  and  Style. 

of  considerable  weight  will  be  more  evident  if  we  study  Chaucer's 
own  translations  from  the  French. 

The  deduction  from  the  accompanying  table,  in  which  is  shown 
the  projiortion  of  foreign  words  in  passages  chosen  from  the 
Pilgrimage  and  from  various  portions  of  Chaucer's  writings,  seems 
to  be  that  in  Lydgate  the  number  of  Eomance  or  classical  words  is 
nearly  l,in  5,  while  in  Chaucer  it  is  about  1  in  8.  The  passages 
chosen  from  Chaucer  are  various  in  character  and  drawn  from  his 
original  works ;  those  from  the  Pilgrimage  have  been  selected  so  as 
to  cover  a  considerable  variety  of  subjects  in  order  that  the  influence 
of  subject  on  vocabulary  might  be  minimized. 


Pilgrimage, 

Lines 
1-50 
309-359 
3436-3485 
7301-7350 
7351-7400 
18799-18849 
20031-2008C 

Decasyll. 
Octosyll. 

j> 
)) 
?> 

• 

Words. 

354 
279 
294 
259 
256 
291 
267 

Fr.  or  class,  words. 
67 
52 
50 
56 
59 
49 
48 

2000 

381 

Chaucer. 

1-50 

Cant.  Tales.  Pr 
Decasyll. 

■ol. 
361 

43 

1881-1930 

Knight's  Tale. 
Decasyll. 

349 

66 

4405-4454 

Nonne  Priesfe's  Tale. 
Decasyll.         370 

38 

1-49 
1091-1140 

Hous  of  Fame 
Octosyll. 

>5 

280 
324 

37 
39 

1-50 

Bool-  of  the  Duel 
Octosyll. 

less. 
316 

20 

2000 

243 

But  if  Ave  take  a  poem  translated  liy  Chaucer  from  the  French, 
the  result  is  different.  Thus  in  the  first  five  verses  of  the  ABC 
Prayer  to  the  Virgin  there  ai'e  306  words,  62  of  Avhich  are  of 
Romance  origin, — a  proportion  of  about  1  in  5,  as  in  the  Pilgrimage, 


Introduction,     v.  Lydgates  Language  and  Style,     xliii* 

while  in  the  Wxst  300  words  of  the  translation  from  Boethius  the 
proportion  is   1  in  6. 

On  the  other  hand,  in  Lydgate's  Temple  of  Glas,  which  is  not  a 
translation  from  the  French,  the  proportion  of  French  Avords  in  the 
tirst  50  lines  is  only  about  1  in  8,  and  in  the  first  6  verses  of  the 
GompJaint  to  Veims  in  the  same  poem  the  proportion  is '  about 
1  in  7. 

From  these  examples  we  may  draw  the  conclusion  that  the  great 
preponderance  of  Avords  of  Eomance  origin  in  the  Pilgrimage  is 
largely  due  to  the  fact  that  it  is  a  translation  from  the  French. 
But  while  we  make  allowances  for  this  fact  in  comparing  Lydgate 
and  Chaucer,  we  must  admit  that  even  in  those  cases  where  the 
proportion  of  French  words  is  not  very  difl'erenfc,  the  number  of 
concrete  words  of  Teutonic  origin  used  by  Lydgate  is  much  smaller 
than  is  the  case  with  Chaucer,  while  those  used  are,  with  com- 
paratively few  exceptions,  such  as  may  be  easily  understood  even  by 
the  reader  who  has  not  studied  the  early  forms  of  his  native  tongue. 

Lydgate  is,  in  fact,  very  easy  to  read,  thougli  there  are  a  certain 
number  of  Avords  employed  by  him  Avhich  Ave  seek  for  in  vain  in  the 
Avorks  of  Chaucer  or  his  other  English  contemporaries.  Some  of  these 
are  Latinisms  lifted  bodily  from  any  text  he  might  be  engaged  in 
translating  or  paraphrasing.  Such  are  porred  (448/16709)  and 
procelle  (456/16995),  both  occurring  in  his  adaptation  of  St. 
Bernard's  Homily.  Certain  other  forms,  such  as  sicgd  350/ 12882, 
wrak  569/2  1339,  ^^^  towelled  597/22356,  are  possibly  scribal  errors, 
but  there  remain  a  few,  such  as  hesselhjs  3O6/11191,  hotevaunf 
492/18427,  devaunt  492/18428,  stoupaille  (for  stop)pel)  646/24110, 
treygohet  317/11623,  and  turneys  I46/5569,  which,  as  far  as  I  can 
discover,  seem  to  be  peculiar  to  him.  Skouren  also  (IO6/4011)  is 
used  in  an  unusual  sense. 

The  question  of  Lydgate's  grammar  and  inflexions  has  been  so 
thoroughly  treated  already  that  I  do  not  propose  to  enter  upon  it, 
but  Avill  pass  on  to  the  question  of  his  literary  style. 

With  regard  to  this  he  Avas  himself  as  modest  as  other  Avriters 
Avere  laudatory. 

"  On  makyng  I  ha  no  sufifysaunce  " 
he  says  in  the  prologue  to  the  Pilgrimage,  and  again  : 

"  I  am  bareyn  of  all  eloquence. 
Therfor  I  pray,  Avhat  so  that  be  seyde, 
Off  geutyllesse  not  to  be  evel  apayde 


xliv*     Introduction,     v.   Lydgates  Language  and  Style. 

And  my  rudnesse  helpyn  to  excuse, 

ffor  in  metre  I  ha  with  me  no  muse  : 

Noon  of  the  nyne  that  on  Parnase  duelle, 

Nor  she  that  ys  the  lady  of  the  welle, 

Calliope,  he  syde  cytheron, 

Gafif  to  my  penne,  plente  nor  f  uson 

Of  hyr  licovr,  whan  thys  Avork  was  begonne. 

Nor  I  drank  no-wer  of  the  sugeryd  tonne 

Off  lubiter,  couchyd  in  his  celer, 

So  strange  I  fonde  to  me  hys  boteler 

Off  poetys  icailyd  Ganymede. 

But  to  my  labour  now  I  woll  me  spede, 
Prayng  ecli  reder  me  to  recon forte, 
Benignely  my  rudenesse  to  supports." 
Other  examples  are  given  by  Schick  in  his  chapter  on  the  style  of 
the  Temjyle  of  Glas,  and  on  reading  his  Avorks  one  cannot  escape 
from  the  conviction  that  Lydgate  was  justified  in  his  modesty. 

Some  of  the  principal  points  to  be  noted  in  considering  Lydgate's 
style  are  his  immense  prolixity  and  love  of  circumlocutions,  and  of 
conventional  phrases.  He  is  entirely  deficient  in  that  essential 
mark  of  the  stylist — the  knowledge  when  to  stop.  In  fact,  he  sees 
no  reason  for  stopping  at  all.  His  words,  his  lines  flow  forth  in  a 
steady  stream  at  a  steady  pace.  They  come  apparently  with  little 
difficulty,  and  Avhen  difficulties  do  arise  they  may  always  be  met  by 
the  reduplication  of  a  sentence  in  slightly  different  form  or  by  the 
interpolation  of  some  conventional  phrase. 

These  conventional  phrases,  very  frequent  in  all  of  Lydgate's 
works,  abound  in  the  Pilgrimage  to  a  ridiculous  extent.  Here  are 
a  few  examples  of  them  : 

3541        Nor  grucche  (in  myn  oppynyoun) 
3765       As  a  chamberere  (in  sothnese) 
4303       And  on  thys  Averm  (yiff  ye  lyst  se) 
4553       And  sothly  (yiff  I  shal  nat  feyne) 
4564       And  told  the  cause  (yiff  ye  be  wys) 
4567       And  sette  me  ek  (yt  ys  no  fable) 
6115       Consydred  how  (in  sothfastnesse) 
6123       As  she  that  ys  (shortly  to  fyne) 
6947       Yet,  by  ther  chymyng  (in  substaunce) 
19413  f.   Many  a  perel  (I  30V1  ensure) 

And  many  a  straunge  aventure. 
19417       And  many  a  tempeste  (in  certeyn) 
15439  f.  Thys  secounde  cours  (yt  ys  no  dred) 
Doth  gret  good  unto  hyr  bed. 


Introduction,     v.  Lydyates  Language  and  Style.      xlv* 

These  expletive  phrases  put  in  to  fill  up  a  line  or  for  the 
sake  of  rime,  make  up  no  inconsiderable  proportion  of  some 
passages.  Opening  the  book  almost  at  random  I  find  that  in  the 
hundred  lines  between  13200  and  13300  there  are  no  fewer  than 
22  lines  finished  in  this  manner. 

13207   (yilf  thou  lyst  se)  13217  (in  conclusioun) 

13219  (when  al  ys  do)  13223  (yiff  thow  kanst  se) 

13225  (yt  ys  no  doute)  13229  (yt  ys  no  dred) 

13237  (who  kan  ffele)  13239  (yt  ys  no  nay) 

13241   (wlio  haue  a  syht)  13257   (as  to  myn  entent) 

13260  (as  ye  shal  here)  13265  (by  couenaunt) 

13268  (and  lyst  nat  spare)  13268  (yt  ys  no  lye) 

13276  (as  ye  may  se)  13279   (who  kan  se) 

13283  (est  and  south)  13285  (who  that  touche) 

13289  (voyde  of  al  ifavour)        13293  (who  taketh  hed  ther-to) 
13399  (yt  ys  no  drede)  13300  (in  verray  dede) 

In  the  hundred  lines  between  15650  and  15750  there  are  19  of 
these  jilirases;  between  17700  and  17800  there  are  16;  between 
20370-20470  there  are  14; — indeed  it  is  hardly  possible  to  open 
a  page  without  finding  two  or  three  and  often  many  more.  It  is 
not  necessary  to  expatiate  on  the  poverty  of  the  verse  which  has 
to  be  eked  out  by  such  devices,  for,  as  a  study  of  any  of  the  above- 
mentioned  passages  will  show,  not  one  in  ten  of  these  phrases  has 
any  real  connection  with  the  subject-matter  of  the  lines,  or  throws 
any  further  light  upon  what  the  Avriter  is  saying.  Xo,  they  are 
padding  pure  and  simple,  usually  inserted  for  the  sake  of  rime,  or 
to  piece  out  an  idea  which  will  not  naturally  extend  to  the  length 
of  a  couplet. 

In  most  cases  these  phrases  occupy  the  second  half  of  a  line. 
More  rarely,  but  yet  very  often,  one  is  found  covering  a  whole  line, 
as  in  the  following  examples  : 

13232  f.   But  to  declare  the  trouthe  pleyn. 

He  dyde  nat  so,  no  thyng  at  al, 

In  strauuge  feldys,  for  he  yt  stal, 

(Al  be  yt'by  fful  gret  lak) 

He  put  al  in  hys  owne  sak. 
2005       (Lyk  as  I  shal  yow  devyse, 
2901        (As  clerkys  "wel  rehersii  kan). 
3073       (Yiff  ye  lyst  to  here  me). 
3171        (Who  that  kan  the  trouthe  seke). 


xlvi*      Introduction,     v.  Lychjatcs  Language  and  Style. 

3203        (To  seyn  shortly,  and  nat  tarye) 

3235        (As  I  be-lield  tho  douteles) 

3539        (To  speken  in  especyal). 
Very  occasionally  the  expletive  phrase  occurs  in  the  first  half  of 
the  line.     I  have  only  been  able  to  discover  three  examples  of  this 
in  Part  I.  of  the  Pilgrimage,  viz. : 

6474  f.    Lokyng,  with  Avych  men  do  se, 

Unto  the  Eye  ys  porter 

(As  thow  Avell  wost)  and  massager. 
7199  f.    The  tyme  ys  good  and  couenable, 

(As  I  ha  sayd),  and  acceptable. 
8344  f.    But  Grace  Dieu  was  nat  wel  plesyed 

(Shortly)  of  my  gouernaunce. 

Examples  of  these  inanities  might  be  multiplied  indefinitely,  and 
it  will  be  enough  to  note  that  the  greater  proportion  of  them  may 
be  arranged  in  five  classes. 

(1)  Those  which  make  some  appeal  to  or  assertion  of  the  good 
judgment  and  intelligence  of  either  the  reader  or  of  the  poet  himself. 

As  thow  well  wost,  6476;  wlio  so  understonde  kan,  4158; 
who  kan  se,  13279;  who  can  discerne,  20711  ;  who  lyst  to  se, 
20618;  to  thyn  entent,  9759;  yiff  ye  lyst  to  wyte,  219;  who  can 
conceyue,  18683;  by  cler  inspecciouu,  15013;  as  to  niyn  entent, 
13257;  off  entenciouu,  15745;  by  good  avys,  20097;  yiff  they  be 
wys,  12095  ;  who  consydreth  al,  11331;  who  lyst  taken  kep,  8697  ; 
who  lyst  loken  her-wyth-al,  20119;  wlio  loketh  al,  20133;  who 
loke  wel,  21922;  yiff  thow  konn?  espye,  13302;  yiff  yt  be  souht, 
12436;   to  myn  oppynyoun,  17301;   me  semeth  so,   17303. 

(2)  Phrases  that  are  strongly  affirmative  or  confirmative  of  some 
preceding  point.  Such  are :  yt  ys  no  nay,  10809  ;  yt  ys  no  drede, 
12117;  yt  ys  no  doute,  12209;  I  the  ensure,  12217;  wythoute 
doute,  12238;  wythoute  gesse,  11443;  off  verray  soth,  And  off  no 
lape,  21135;  in  certyn,  12223;  douteles,  21883;  I  dar  undertake, 
21903;  of  verray  ryght,  2556;  yiff  I  shal  not  lye,  3333;  in  soth- 
nesse,  3925;  yt  ys  no  fayl,  4015;  be  wel  certeyn,  5395;  yt  ys  no 
fable,  2158;  yt  ys  no  jape,  12119;  and  many  other  similar  expres- 
sions.    To  these  also  may  be  added  phrases  like  the  following  : 

9286  I  wolde  abyde  (&  not  remewe). 
21583  In  thylke  dyrke  ff"yr  (nat  bryht). 
21723  I  sawh  a  croos  stonde  (and  nat  flytte). 

(3)  Tliose  that  contain  reference  to  autliorify,  such  as  : 


Introduction,     y.  Lydgate's  Language  and  Style.       xlvii*" 

444  f.  ffor,  by  record  off  Seyn  INIattliew, 
The  hevene  (as  by  hys  sentence,) 
Wonnen  is  by  vyolence. 
621       As  the  phylisofre  seyth. 
2901       As  clerkys  wel  reherse  kan. 
14447       As  the  byble  kan  wel  tel. 
14453       In  hooly  wryt,  as  yt  ys  vyff. 
21885       the  byble  seyth  apert. 
13635       as  I  ha  told. 
12043       thus  seyth  he. 
11457       As  clerkys  wryte  that  be  sad. 

99G8       As  I  kan  reporte. 
18355       As  clerkys  teclie. 

(4)  Such  expressions  as  '  in  substaunce,'  21871;  'for  to  dyffyne,' 
17537  ;  '  at  a  word,'  21591  ;  'to  rehersyn  euery  del,'  21913;  '  fynally,' 
21595;  'shortely  to  specefye,'  21621;  'forshort  conclusioun,'  20931; 
'shortly  to  telle,'  17403;  'in  conclu-ioun,'  15703;  'thus  I  begynne,' 
1 1441 ;  '  in  wordys  fewe,'  9119;  '  wj^thoute  more,'  20941 — wliich  have 
reference  to  the  form  in  which  the  poet  puts  his  assertions,  and  to 
the  jDrogress  of  his  work. 

(5)  Certain  adverbial  expressions  of  place  or  time  which  are 
meant  to  give  additional  weight  and  detail  to  the  circumstance 
mentioned  by  the  poet. 

6507  f.  The  Messagerys  (erly  and  late) 

Conveye  yt  by  the  same  gate. 
9899  f.  Eetrussen  hyni,  and  ek  recharge 

(Bothe  in  streyth  8z  ek  in  large.) 
12027  f.  To  kepe  me  bothe  ffer  and  ner) 

ffrom  al  pereyl  and  all  daunger. 
12079  f.  myn  enmyes  many  tyme, 

(Bothe  at  eue  and  ek  at  prime.) 
21988  f.  Nauffragus  fful  long  I-be, 

And  sutfred  (bothe  este  and  weste) 

Many  perel  and  greet  tempeste. 

Besides  these  there  are  a  certain  number  of  phrases  which  can 
hardly  be  classed,  and  which  appear  to  be  inserted  quite  irrelevantly, 
such  as  '  lych  myn  entent,'  17749;  '  wythoute  grace,'  17754;  'in 
especyal,'  17177;    '  off  entente,'  17405;   'in  sentence,'  14431. 

The  question  of  the  reduplication  of  expressions  has  been  treated 
at  some  length  by  Sieper,  but  as  this  is  a  very  marked  characteristic 
of  the  Pilgrimage  I  may  give  a  few  more  examples  here. 

PILGRIMAGE.  d 


xlviii*     Introduction,     v.  Lydgates  Langnagc  and  Style. 

Examples  of  the  reduplication  of  an  idea  by  the  employment  of 
synonymous  or  almost  synonymous  adjectives,  adverbs  or  nouns  will 
be  found  on  nearly  every  page.     For  instance  : 

1324  After  the  custom  and  usaunce 

1421  f.      And  Eeceyvede  ther  by  Eyht 

Vertu,  force  &  gosLly  myght. 
1551  f.      Debonayre  and  mercyable, 

Soffte,  goodly,  and  tretable. 
1584         For  punyshynge  and  Correccioun. 

1646  Thogh  thyn  hornys  be  sharp  &  kene, 

1647  Was  humble,  meke,  &  debonayre, 
1687  Portreye  or  peynte 

1752  f.     And  longe  held  her  pocessyon 

Lordshepe  ek  &  gouernaunce. 
1780         Maugre  hys  myght  &  his  powste. 
1823         Whan  thow  fyndest  or  dost  espye. 
1844         Kepte  the  fredani  and  fraunchyse 
2012         Ben  yclyped  and  yshaue 
2058         Proud  of  your  port,  &  ek  ellat. 
1540  f.      For  they  mynystre  ther  oynement 

To  boystously,  &  no  thing  soffte. 

But  Lydgate  is  not  content  with  merely  reduplicating  epithets 
or  single  words  in  this  manner,  for  very  frequently  we  find  Avhole 
sentences  repeated,  with  some  difference  in  wording  but  practically 
none  in  idea. 

5  f.  ffor  shortly  herii  yovre  poscessyon 

ys  yove  to  yow  but  for  a  schort  sesoun 

Nor  the  tresovrii  wych  that  ye  possede 

Ys  but  thyng  lent  ho  so  lean  take  hede. 
14  f.  That  kam  wyth  loye  departeth  aye  wyth  sorwe ; 

And  thyng  ywoune  wyth  loye  and  gladnesse, 

Ay  dysseuereth  wyth  wo  and  bevynesse. 
2135  f.  f'liys  worldys  veyn  pleysaunce 

Wych  ys  so  fill  off  varyaunce. 

So  ful  of  chang  and  dovbjdnesse. 
2529  f.  Yiff  he  be  proud  or  obstynat, 

Dysobeyynge  or  ellaat, 

Hys  trespace  to  amende 

And  ne  lyst  nat  to  entende 

To  be  redressed  by  meeknesse, 

And,  thorgh  pryde  or  Frowardnesse, 

Wyl  takii  no  correccion. 


Introduction,     v.  Lydgate's  Langiuige  and  Style,     xlix* 

2579  f.   Of  wycli  tliyng  he  wex  al  sad 

And  in  liys  lierte  no  tbyng  glad. 
3771  f.  The  boundys  constreyue  your  party ;    ■ 

But,  for  al  that,  I  go  frely 

Wher  that  me  lyst,  at  lyberte  : 

They  bounde  yow,  &  no  thyng  me ; 

Close  yow  out,  that  ye  nat  passe ; 

But  I  go  fre  in  euery  place. 

We  may  also  notice  a  few  examples  of  the  reduplication  of  an 
idea  produced  by  a  negative  statement  following  an  affirmative  one. 
Such  are  11.  9286,  21583  and  21723  quoted  on  p.  xlvi*  as  well  as 

1.  14917: 

"  Yt  maketh  me  glad,  and  nothyng  dul." 

Without  multiplying  examples,  which  would  only  be  tedious,  I 
may  point  out  that  in  some  cases  the  parallelism  persists  throughout 
quite  long  passages.  For  instance,  in  the  passage  on  page  68  on  the 
punishment  of  the  proud,  from  which  a  few  lines  have  been  quoted, 
nearly  every  sentence  is  reduplicated,  and  much  the  same  is  the 
case  with  the  description  of  Fortune  in  the  Prologue. 

Sieper  has  pointed  out  that  "  wide  indeed  though  the  gulf  is 
which  separates  his  vapid  verse,  betraying  in  every  line  .the  traces 
of  decadence,  from  the  inimitable  creations  of  Israel's  golden  youth, 
Lydgate  is,  in  point  of  fact,  not  so  far  removed  from  a  mere 
parallelism  such  as  meets  us  in  the  poetry  of  the  Hebrews,"  and  if 
we  compare  with  some  of  the  examples  given  above  the  following 
verses  from  the  18th  Psalm,  it  will  be  evident  that  as  far  as  technical 
construction  goes  there  is  a  strong  resemblance  between  Lydgate's 
parallelisms  and  those  of  the  Psalmist. 

"  He  rode  upon  the  cherubims,  and  did  fly  : 
He  came  flying  upon  the  wings  of  the  wind. 
He  made  darkness  his  secret  place  : 
His  pavilion  round  about  him  with  dark  water, 
And  thick  clouds  to  cover  him." 
.  .   .  He  sent  out  his  arrows,  and  scattered  them  : 
He  cast  forth  lightnings,  and  destroyed  them." 
"...  With  the  holy  thou  shalt  be  holy  : 
And  with  a  perfect  man  thou  shalt  be  perfect." 
Eemnants  of   parallelism  are   also   found  in    some   of   the  Old 
English  poems,  arising,  it  is  supposed,  from   the  same  cause   that 
produced  it  among  the  Hebrews,  viz.  the  construction  of  poems  in 


1*  Introd^uiion.     v.  Lydgatcs  Language  and  Style. 

strophe  and  antistrophe  for  tlie  voices  of  alternating  choirs.  "We 
have  not  much  reason  however  for  thinking  that  Lydgate  was 
influenced  by  Old  English  poetry  in  his  choice  of  this  style.  It  is 
more  likely  that  he  observed  its  use  in  the  Psalms,  with  which,  as 
a  monk,  he  must  have  been  very  familiar.  In  any  case,  it  is  a 
construction  which  would  appeal  greatly  to  any  one  with  such  an 
extensive  vocabulary  and  such  a  love  of  prolixity  and  diffuseness 
as  Lydgate,  and,  as  Sieper  points  out,  it  was  with  him  "a  principle 
of  art  consciously  employed  and  systematically  carried  through." 

In  fact,  all  through  the  poem  Lydgate  gives  one  the  impression 
that  he  is  striving  Avith  all  his  might  to  express  himself  with  the 
utmost  effectiveness  combined  with  the  i;tmost  truth,  but  that  as 
he  has  no  infallible  command  of  the  "  mot  juste  "  and  lacks  the 
art  to  represent  the  whole  by  depicting  only  the  essential  lines,  he 
seeks  to  attain  his  end  by  the  employment  of  conscientious  and 
laborious  detail  and  by  a  free  use  of  epithet  and  paraphrase.  Other 
characteristics  of  his  verse  are  the  great  length  of  his  sentences  and 
the  freedom  with  which  he  employs  the  parenthesis.  The  result  of 
this  is  that  he  often  loses  sight  of  the  main  current  of  his  idea  and 
produces  a  passage  which  is  a  mere  conglomeration  of  sentences  and 
phrases,  without  a  shape  or  centre,  and  sometimes  united  by  a  faulty 
syntactical  construction.  He  often  gives  the  impression  that  he  is 
afraid  of  forgetting  some  point  that  has  struck  him,  and  so  writes  it 
down  directly  it  conies  into  his  mind,  careless  whether  or  no  it 
interferes  with  the  course  of  his  sentence.  His  verse  is  still  further 
complicated  by  the  use  of  the  various  devices  of  which  examples 
have  already  been  given,  and  the  general  impression  we  gather  as 
"we  read  is  that  it  is  not  so  much  composed  as  strung  together.  We 
must  remember,  however,  that  in  this  poem  at  least  De  Guileville  as 
well  as  Lydgate  must  bear  the  responsibility  for  some  of  the  defects. 
The  general  construction,  the  monotonous  manner  of  introducing 
the  characters,  the  insertion  of  long  arguments  and  descriptions  are 
primarily  due  to  him,  as  are  even  some  of  the  expletive  phrases  and 
repetitions.     Take  for  instance  these  lines  : 

"  Quant  dieu,  dist  elle,  adam,  ton  pere, 
Eut  cree  et  eue,  ta  mere, 
II  leur  fist  si  grant  courtoisie, 
Et  leur  donna  tele  franchise 
Quilz  pouoient  viure  san  languir. 
Sans  necessite  de  mourir  ; 


Introduction,     v.  Lydgates  Language  and  Style.         li* 

Et  tel  grace  leur  octroya, 

Que  rectitude  leur  donna, 

Et  droiz  les  fist  en  liherte 

Et  franchise  de  volente 

Pour  l)ien  garder  en  eulx  droicture 

Selon  justice  par  mesure, 

En  tel  mauiere  que  le  corps 

Obeissoit  a  son  anie  lors ; 

Et  si  rendoient  subiection 

Les  forces  basses  a  raison, 

Ce  quest  bas  a  ce  que  dessus, 

Les  moines  dignes  aux  dignes  plus."      (Petit,  fol.  iv.) 

This  passage,  represented  in  Lydgate  by  11.  1011-1037,  contains, 
as  we  may  see,  fully  as  mo-wj  parallelisms  as  Lydgate  was  accustomed 
to  employ,  although  we  cannot  deny  that  in  some  cases  Lydgate 
would  take  one  single  idea  of  De  Guileville's  and  express  it  under 
two  or  three  forms. 

"  Car,  a  leur  dieu  ilz  desobeirent, 
Et  perdirent  lauctorite 

De  quoy  dessus  ie  tay  parle ; "     (fol.  iv.  back.) 
In  Lydgate  we  find  (11.  1055-1061) : 

"  But  whan  they  gan  to  God  trespace, 
They  lost  ther  fredam  and  titer  grace, 
Lijff  also,  and  liherte 
And  hooly  ther  auctoryte. 
Off  wych  thou  hast  herd  me  seye." 
Again  we  read  in  the  Erench  : 

"  Mais  a  quelle  fin  ien  vendroie 
Encor  pas  bien  pense  nauoye."     (fol.  x.) 
Lydgate  represents  this  by  : 

'■'■  This  fantasye  fyl  in  my  thoidit  ; 
But,  Got  wot,  I  wyste  nouht, 
Nor  kneice  fid  hjtel  (at  the  teste) 
What  was  the  fiyn  of  my  requeste, 
Nor  took  hut  lytel  heed  ther-to."     (2813-17.) 

In  these  extracts  I  have  italicized  those  portions  that  have  no 
exact  counterpart  in  the  French. 

There  is  not  much  to  be  said  for  the  style  of  the  Pilgrimage,  but 
the  little  that  there  is  it  would  be  ungracious  to  omit.  We  must 
therefore  observe  that  in  a  few  j)assages  Lydgate  really  seems  to  take 
(considerable  pleasure  in  what  he  is  describing  and  expresses  his 
feelings  with  some  vigour,  freshness  and  poetic  feeling.  The  best 
examples  of   this   are  the   description   of   the   heavenly  Jerusalem 


lii*        Introduction,     v.  Lydgates  Language  and  Style. 


(11.  323-53),  the  account  of  Youth  (11.  11133-11212),  and  especially 

the  passage  on  the  revivifying  power  of  I^ature  (11.  3434-3523). 

The  whole  question  of  Lydgate's  style  has  been  treated  Avith  so 

much  detail  and  so  many  examples  in  the  Introduction  to  Reason 

and  Sensuality  that  it  seems   unnecessary  to  expatiate  further  upon 

its  peculiarities.     I  will  therefore  conclude  this  study  by  giving  one 

more  parallel  passage  which  illustrates  in  a  marked  degree  many  of 

the  cliaracteristics  referred   to  above,   especially  Lydgate's  love  of 

amplification,  explanation,  and  parallelism. 

' '  And  fyrst  tliow  shalt  wel  understond 
That  by  falsnes  of  this  houd 
most  liorryble  and  odyous 
was  brought  fyrst  in-to  christis  houa 
the  false  vyce  of  symonye 
and  by  his  feyned  trecherye, 
by  his  sleyte,  and  by  his  gyn, 
at  the  doie  he  cam  not  in  ; 
but  at  some  travas,  lych  a  thefFe, 
wher  he  dothe  full  gret  niyschefe  ; 
for  wher  so  evar  he  dothe  aproche 
with  this  staffe  he  can  a-croche 
the  herts  of  folks  by  covetj'se 
and  ordeynythe  in  full  cursyd  wyse 
sheppards  to  kupe  christis  shepe 
whiche  of  theyr  otfyse  toke  no  kepe. 
An  heidman  is  [y]sayd,  in  dede, 
only  for  he  sliuld[e]  fede 
his  shepe  with  spyrituall  doctryn  ; 
but  they  draw  by  an  othar  lyu  : 
they  may  be  callyd,  for  ther  werk^^nge, 
pastours  only  of  fedynge, 
They  fede  themselffwith  haboundaunce, 
and  let  ther  shepe  go  to  myschauuce  ; 
I  trow  it  is  full  well  ysene, 
them  selfe  be  fatt,  ther  shepe  be  leue 
I  trow,  tlie  niost[e]  part  of  all, 
men  shuld  them  rather  wolv[e]s  call 
than  trwe  herd[e]s  ;  youg  and  old 
they  come  to  robb[e]  christis  fold  ; 
they  shuld  ther  shepe  from  wolv[e]s 

were  ; 
the  wool,  the  mylke,  away  they  here, 
I  can  not  sc  wher-of  they  serue, 
that  hit  ther  shejie  at  meschele  starue, 
and  put  them  seltte  in  gret  defame. 
And  they  would  eke  make  lame 
grace  dieu  of  cursydnesse, 
lyke  as  I  shall  a-non  exprese, 
from  the  trone  of  hir  mageste 
by  jiyl'te  of  temporalite  : 
his  fals  office  I  can  well  tell ; 


O'est  une  main  qui  iutroduit 
En  la  maison  de  iesu  christ 


Par  faulses  broches  et  pertius 
Les  larrous  sans  entrer  par  I'huis 

Et  quant  dedans  les  a  tirez 
Et  a  son  croc  acrochetez 

Du  mesme  croc  croches  leur  faiz. 
Et  pasteurs  de  brebis  les  faiz 


Pasteurs  dis  ie  /  mais  ceulx  ce  font 
Qui  se  paisseut  et  qui  tant  font 


Que  mieulx  les  doit  en  loups  clauier 
Que  pasteurs  douailles  nommer 


Ceulx  sont  qui  veuleut  eslochier 
Grace  de  dieu  et  descroehier 

Du  throsiie  de  sa  maieste 
Par  dous  de  temijoralite 

Une  foiz  sen  font  acheteurs 
Et  lautre  foiz  in  soat  vendeurs 


(Ver.  fol.  Ixx.  back.) 


he  can  now  byen,  he  can  now  sell, 

By  bouudys  of  collusyon 

and  all  comythe  in  by  syr  syraon. 

(11  17965-99.) 


Introduction,     vi.  Lydgate  and  Bunyan.  liii* 

VI.  Lydgate  and  Euntan. 

An  eilition  of  Bnnyau's  works,  edited  by  Dr.  George  Offer  and 
published  in  1853,  contains,  as  an  appendix,  a  defence  of  Bunyau's 
originality,  upon  which  doubts  had  been  thrown  by  various  authors, 
some  of  them  of  high  repute. 

Dr.  Dibdin  in  Ti/pojrapMcal  Antiquities,  speaking  of  the 
Pilgrimage  of  the  Soul,  says  :  *'  This  extraordinary  production,, 
rather  than  Bernard's  Ide  of  Man,  laid  the  foundation  of  John 
Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress."  Dr.  Adam  Clarke,  as  he  states  in  a 
postscript  to  a  Life  of  Bunyan,  considered  that  either  Bernard's  Isle 
of  Man,  or  Spencer's  Faery  Queen,  "if  not  both,  gave  birth  to  the 
Pilgrim's  Progress."  Mr.  IMontgomery  thought  that  the  print  and 
verses  called  The  Pllgrhn  in  "Witney's  Emblems  suggested  the  idea 
of  tlie  book.  J\Ir.  Chambers,  of  Edinburgh,  considered  that  Bunyan 
could  not  have  been  ignorant  of  Gavin  Douglas's  Palace  of  Honour. 
D'Israeli,  in  his  Amenities  of  Literature,  made  the  tentative  sug- 
gestion that  there  was  some  connection  between  Banyan's  masterpiece 
and  P'ters  Plowman. 

These  ideas  are  briefly  and  in  most  cases  effectively  disposed  of 
by  Dr.  Offor,  who  (after  his  study  and  analysis  of  these  and  many 
other  allegorical  works)  had  come  to  the  sincere  conclusion  that  not 
a  sentence  in  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  could  be  proved  to  have  any 
other  origin  than  the  Bible  or  Bunyan's  own  mind. 

Amongst  the  allegories  cited  by  him  we  find  the  Pilgrimage  of 
the  Life  of  Man,  of  which  he  gives  a  somewhat  insufficient  analysis, 
i^o  one  had  so  far  asserted  that  Bunyan  owed  any  debt  to  this 
particular  woi'k ;  but  only  a  few  years  after  Offor's  edition  of  the 
Pilgrim's  Progress  was  published  just  such  a  suggestion  appeared. 

In  1858  was  published  by  Basil  Montagu  Pickering  The  Ancient 
Poem  of  Guillaume  de  Guileville,  entitled  le  Pelerinage  de  VHommef 
compared  tvith  the  Pilgrim^s  Progress  of  John  Bunyan. 

This  book  Avas  compiled  from  notes  collected  by  the  late  Mr. 
^Nathaniel  Hill,  and  contained  a  comparison  of  various  passages  from 
Bunyan  and  from  the  second  version  of  De  Guileville's  poem,  as  well 
as  an  appendix  consisting  of  long  extracts  from  Lydgate's  version 
and  a  prose  synopsis  of  many  parts  not  thus  quoted. 

Nathaniel  Hill's  argument  takes  the  following  course.  He  first 
points  out  the  prevalence  of  allegorical  Avriting  for  more  than  three 
centuries  before  Bunyan,  and  then  indicates  the  sources  from  which 


liv*  Introduction,     vi.  Lydgate  and  Bitnyan. 

De  Guileville  and  Bunyan  "drew  and  embellished  their  com- 
positions," viz.  the  Bible,  chivalrous  literature,  and  the  traditional 
literature  of  the  people,  such  as  ballads,  chap-books,  and  the  popular 
romances  of  Guy  of  Wanoick,  etc. 

After  a  dissertation  on  the  great  extent  to  which  writers  of 
genius  have  made  use  of  already  existing  literary  material,  Nathaniel 
Hill  goes  on  to  bring  forward  evidences  of  the  popularity  of  De 
Guileville's  Dream  in  England,  such  as  Chaucer's  translation  of  the 
ABC  poem  to  the  Virgin,  his  imitation  of  the  final  passage  in  the 
Book  of  the  Duchess,  and  the  numerous  translations  of  it  which  exist, 
both  in  prose  and  verse. 

He  gives  a  list  of  these  versions,  among  which  he  includes, 
however,  several  IMSS.  and  one  piinted  edition  of  the  Pllgrintage  of 
the  Soul.  To  these  I  have  not  had  access,  but  most  probably  they 
are  translations  of  the  second  portion  of  De  Guileville's  great  poem, 
that  of  the  pilgrimage  "  de  lame  separee  du  corps." 

Next,  "in  order  still  further  to  show  tlie  concurrence — at  least 
of  ideas,  if  not  of  diction — between  De  Guileville  and  Bunyan " 
Hill  quotes  a  large  number  of  passages  from  the  French  of  De 
Guileville  and  from  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress,  and  concludes  with 
various  extracts  from  other  poets — such  as  Langland,  Walter  Mapes, 
Hampole,  Dunbar  and  Hawes — by  means  of  which  he  designs  to 
illustrate  some  traditional  forms  of  expression  common  in  the  14th 
and  15th  centuries,  and  also  used  by  Bunyan. 

The  general  trend  of  his  argument  is,  of  course,  to  show  that 
Bunyan  was  acquainted  Avith  De  Guileville's  Pilgrima(je  and  was 
influenced  by  it  to  a  considerable  extent  in  writing  his  Pilgrwi's 
Progress.  As  his  editors  point  out,  "  The  late  Mr.  Nathaniel  Hill 
intended  to  have  made  the  following  Papers  the  groundwork  of  a 
larger  publication  on  the  Pilgrlvts  Progress  of  Bunyan,  in  which 
he  proposed  showing  that  Bunyan  had  been  indebted,  for  many 
portions  of  his  story,  to  some  of  the  early  media3val  Eomances." 

His  death  prevented  the  carrying  out  of  this  design ;  but  as  it 
"was  on  De  Guileville's  poem  that  Mr.  Hill's  views  were  principally 
founded,  this  is  the  less  to  be  regretted. 

The  question  now  to  be  considered  is  how  far  Mr.  Hill  proved 
his  case,  and  how  far  Bunyan  appears  really  to  have  been  influenced 
by  mediaeval  writers,  and  especially  by  De  Guileville. 

That  there  are  undoubted  correspondences  between  the  two 
pilgrimages  may  be  at  once  admitted. 


Introduction.     Vl.  Lydgate  and  Bunyan,  Iv* 

Each  is  in  tlie  similitude  of  a  dream  and  describes  the  journey  of 
a  pilgrim  to  the  Celestial  City.  In  each  case  a  heavenly  guide  to 
point  out  the  way,  to  rebuke  ^r  to  encourage,  is  given  to  tlie  pilgrim ; 
in  Christian's  case  Evangelist,  in  De  Guileville's  Grace  Dieu.  Each 
pilgrim  also  receives  a  mark  of  consecration,  though  De  Guileville  is 
"  crossyd  "  at  his  baptism,  and  Christian's  mark  in  his  forehead  is 
not  given  him  until  he  stands  before  the  Cross  of  Christ.  Each  is 
beset  in  his  path  by  difficulties  and  adversaries.  Cliristian  meets 
with  Worldly  "Wiseman,  Apollyon,  Vanity  Fair  and  its  inhabitants, 
Demas  who  tempts  him  to  turn  aside  for  money,  Giant  Despair  who 
catches  him  as  he  wanders  in  By-Path  meadow,  the  Elatterer, 
Atheist  and  Ignorance.  In  De  Guileville  we  get  figures  cor- 
responding to  all  or  nearly  all  of  these.  Beside  Ignorance  we  may 
place  Eude  Entendement.  Eor  Apollyon  we  have  Satan  the  Hunter, 
for  Demas,  Avarice  with  her  golden  idol.  Giant  Despair  catches  the 
pilgrim  who  seeks  easy  going  in  a  by-path,  the  cord  of  Desperation  is 
ready  for  him  who  is  overcome  by  Sloth. 

For  Vanity  Fair  we  have  the  Sea  of  the  World  ;  and  for  Envy, 
Superstition,  Lord  Casual  Delight,  Lord  Desire-of- Vain-Glory,  Mr. 
Malice,  Mr.  Love-Lust  and  the  others  we  find  Envy,  Astrology, 
Fortune,  Conspiracy  and  Worldly  Gladness,  who  possess  between 
them  nearly  all  the  amiable  characteristics  Bunyan  has  personified  in 
his  description  of  the  inhabitants  of  Vanity  Fair. 

Instead  of  Worldly  Wiseman  we  have  Reason  and  l^ature,  who 
resent  the  doings  of  Grace  Dieu  as  Worldly  Wiseman  scorns  the 
counsel  of  Evangelist. 

The  house  of  Grace  Dieu  in  which  the  Pilgrim  sees  the  wonders 
of  the  ointments,  the  sword  and  keys  and  the  sacramental  change, 
and  hears  the  explanations  of  these  things  from  Kcason  and  Grace 
Dieu,  is  represented  in  Bunyan  b}'^  the  Interpreter's  House,  in  which 
Christian  is  taught  many  profitable  things  ;  and  the  "  chaumbre  ful 
secree "  into  which  Grace  Dieu  leads  the  Pilgrim  to  receive  his 
armour  stands  perhaps  for  the  House  Beautiful  in  which  Christian 
is  similarly  endoAved.  The  meaning  of  the  armour  is  the  same  in 
each  narrative,  and  it  even  seems  to  me  that  I  can  perceive  some 
concurrence  of  idea  in  the  fact  that  Grace  Dieu  suffers  the  Pilgrim 
to  go  unarmed,  save  for  sling  and  stone,  while  Faithful  also  passes  on 
his  pilgrimage  without  visitmg  the  House  Beautiful  or  receiving  the 
armour. 

There  are    other  correspondences  of   a   more   or  less   doubtful 


]vi*  Introdttctio7i.     vi.  Lydgate  and  Bunyan. 

character.  The  wicket-gate,  placed  by  Bunyan  at  the  begmning  of  the 
path,  is  mentioned  by  De  Guileville  as  the  actual  entry  to  the  Celestial 
City,  while  either  Moral  Virtue's  gate  or  the  river  of  baptism  cor- 
responds more  nearly  to  Bunyan's  wicket.  (Nathaniel  Hill  compares 
this  river  with  the  Slougli  of  Despond.) 

Christian  and  Faithful  receive  certificates  on  starting,  Avhich  are 
to  be  given  in  at  the  gate  of  the  city  when  they  arrive.  De 
Guileville's  Pilgrim  is  presented  with  a  scrip  and  staff  "  wych  al 
pilgrymes  ouhte  to  have,"  and  which  they  leave  outside  the  gate  on 
entering. 

Christian  receives  a  roll  of  promise  after  the  sight  of  Christ's 
Cross  has  freed  him  from  his  burden.  De  Gudeville's  Pilgrim  also 
receives  rolls  at  various  times  for  his  instruction  or  comfort,  such  as 
the  poems  on  the  Creed  and  the  Trinity,  and  the  bill  of  Grace  Dieu 
containing  the  ABC,  which  is  brought  to  him  after  he  is  cast  off 
by  Fortune.  In  more  close  correspondence  with  Christian's  roll, 
however,  is  the  Testament  of  Christ  in  which  the  gift  of  peace  is 
bequeathed  to  man. 

But,  close  though  some  of  these  resemblances  may  seem  to  be, 
the  differences,  and  especially  the  implicit  ones,  are  far  more  striking. 
Thus,  though  both  Christian  and  De  Guileville's  Pilgrim^  are  moved 
by  powerful  impulses  to  go  on  pilgrimage,  the  manner  of  the  incite- 
ment is  sharply  contrasted,  since  in  Christian's  case  the  moving 
cause  is  fear  of  judgment,  while  in  De  Guileville's  it  is  the  vision 
of  celestial  happiness. 

It  must  be  noticed,  however,  that  as  Christian  walks  with 
Pliable  towards  the  wicket-gate,  he  discourses  to  him  concerning  the 
Heavenly  Kingdom  in  terms  which  bear  some  resemblance  to  those 
of  De  Guileville's  vision.     (Lyd.  345-438.) 

"There  is  an  endless  kingdom  to  be  inhabited,  and  everlasting 
life  to  be  given  us,  that  we  may  inhabit  that  kingdom  for  ever.  .  .  . 
There  are  crowns  of  glory  to  be  given  us  ;  and  garments  that  will 
make  us  shine  like  the  sun  in  the  firmament  of  heaven.  .  .  .  There 
shall  be  no  more  crying  nor  sorrow ;  for  He  that  is  owner  of  the 
place  will  wipe  all  tears  from  our  eyes.  .  .  .  There  we  shall  be 
with  seraphims  and  cherubims,  creatures  that  will  dazzle  your  eyes 
to  look  on  them.  There  also  you  shall  meet  with  thousands  and  ten 
thousands  that  have  gone  before  us  to  that  place.  Xone  of  them 
are  hurtful,  but  loving  and  holy,  every  one  walking  in  the  sight  of 
God,  and.  standing  in  his  presence  with  acceptance  for  ever.     In  a 


Introduction.     VI.  Lydgate  and  Bunyan.  Ivii* 

word,  there  we  shall  see  the  elders  with  their  golden  crowns ;  there 
Ave  shall  see  the  holy  virgins  with  their  golden  harps.;  there  we 
shall  see  men  that  by  the  world  were  cut  in  pieces,  burnt  in  flames, 
eaten  of  beasts,  drowned  in  the  seas,  for  the  love  that  they  bore  to 
the  Lord  of  the  place,  all  well,  and  clothed  with  immortality  as  with 
a  garment." 

Very  marked  is  the  difference  between  the  ways  in  which  the 
two  Pilgrims  are  freed  from  the  burden  of  sin.  To  begin  with, 
Christian  is  conscious  of  the  burden  ;  its  presence  is  terrible  to  him 
and  he  seeks  earnestly  to  be  rid  of  it.  De  Guileville's  Pilgrim  has 
apparently  no  sense  of  sin  : 

"  What  nedyth  yt  to  wasshii  me, 
Or  bathe,  when  yt  ys  no  nede  ; 
tfor  I  am  clenti  washe  in  dede 
ffrom  al  felth  and  unclennesse."    (11.  970-973.) 

— and  even  after  Grace  Dion's  long  explanation  of  the  doctrine  of 
original  sin,  he  does  not  appear  to  be  inwardly  convicted  so  much  as 
convinced  of  the  hopelessness  of  rebelling  against  authority  : 

"  Thanne  me  sempte  yt  was  but  veyn, 
More  for  me  to  speke  a-geyn, 
Or  make  replycacioun 
Ageynys  her  oppynyoun."     (11.  1291-1294.) 

The  Pilgrim  is  freed  from  this  original  sin  by  the  washing  of 
baptism,  but  Christian  bears  his  burden  long  after  he  has  entered 
upon  the  strait  path,  nor  does  he  leave  it  in  the  Interpreter's  House 
(which,  as  above  said,  may  be  taken  to  correspond  to  the  Church,, 
or  house  of  Grace  Dieu),  but  only  before  the  Cross  of  Christ. 

There  is,  hoAvever,  a  passage  further  on  in  the  Pilgrimafje,  in 
which  the  Pilgrim  admits  his  inability  to  return  to  innocence  through 
his  own  efforts,  and  is  directed  by  Grace  Dieu  to  look  for  help  ta 
the  four  parts  of  Christ's  Cross  (12441-12673),  which  may  be  com- 
pared with  the  loosing  of  Christian's  biu'den  before  the  Cross. 

Another  point  of  difference  is  that  De  Guileville's  allegory  is  a 
pilgrimage  of  the  life  of  man,  and  follows  the  Pilgrim  from  birth  to 
death  (see  11.  643-651  and  1.  975) — though  the  device  by  which  an 
infant  is  made  to  discuss  the  doctrine  of  original  sin  seems  somewhat 
lacking  in  even  allegorical  fitness, — while  the  Pilgrim's  Progress 
only  begins  when  Christian  is  first  awakened  to  the  sense  of  sin, 
and  deals  purely  with  Iris  sjpiritual  experiences.  The  Pilgrimage 
also  is  chiefly  concerned   with  sjuritual  experiences,   but  when  we 


Iviii*  Introduction,     vi.  Lydyatc  ami  Bunyan. 

reacli  the  part  at  which  the  Pilgrim  enters  the  monastery,  tlie 
allegory  frequently  fails,  and  Ave  are  treated  to  long  descrijitions 
which,  though  symbolical  in  a  way,  are  yet  distinct  deviations  from 
the  original  path  of  the  allegory,  and  represent  rather  objective 
occurrences  than  the  personal  experiences  of  the  soul. 

But  the  greatest  difference  of  all  consists  in  the  fact  that  De 
Guile ville's  poem  is  to  a  great  degree  an  exposition  and  enforcement 
of  the  chief  doctrines  of  the  Eoman  Church,  and  the  experiences 
through  which  the  Pilgrim  passes  are  such  as  would  best  throw  into 
relief  the  powers  and  prerogatives  of  that  Church.  Thus  all  the 
preparation  which  the  Pilgrim  receives  for  his  journey  is  Church 
preparation.  He  is  baptized,  he  is  instructed  in  the  Sacraments,  and 
in  the  points  of  priestly  dominion,  he  is  taught  (by  the  extraordinary 
episode  of  the  placing  of  his  eyes  in  his  ears)  to  rely  upon  authority 
only,  he  is  warned  against  too  great  reliance  on  reason,  he  is  presented 
with  the 

"  articles  otf  our  creaunce,  .... 
The  wych  wer  mad  (with-oute  strytf) 

(6911-69U)  In  hooly  cherche  prymytyff." 

And  then,  finally, when  he  has  passed  through  the  various  incidents 
■of  liis  progress,  and  with  stained  conscience  cries  to  God  for  help,  it 
is  to  penance  and  the  discipline  of  the  Church,  as  exercised  in 
monasteries,  that  Grace  Dieu  bids  him  resort  in  order  to   defend 

himself 

(22111)  "  Ageyne  the  ffende  and  alle  his  myght." 

We  see  therefore  that  the  spirit  pervading  the  Pilgrhnaije  of  the 
Life  of  Man  is,  in  spite  of  many  resemblances  of  detail,  very 
different  from  that  Avhich  animates  the  Pilgrini's  Progress.  This, 
however,  would  not  in  itself  be  enough  to  prove  that  Bunyan  was 
not  influenced  by  the  older  work,  for  we  might  well  suppose  that 
if  he  were  acqiiainted  Avith  the  allegory  he  might  adopt  the  general 
idea  and  such  details  as  pleased  hini,  and  throw  them  into  a  form 
accordant  with  his  Puritan  theology,  while  rejecting  all  those  parts 
which  Avere  an  offence  to  him. 

But  there  are  other  arguments  against  this  theory. 

First  Ave  may  notice  that  Bunyan  is  not  at  all  likely  to  have  had 
any  actxuaintane  Avith  the  Pilgrimage.  Lydgate's  poem  had  never 
been  printed,  only  three  copies  of  it  are  known,  and  therefore  its 
circulation  must  have  been  comparatively  small ;  nor  can  Ave  suppose 
that  Bunyan,  an  unlearned  man  of  Ioav  rank,  Avould   be  likely  to 


Introduction,     vi.  Lydgatc  and  Bunyan.  lix* 

have  access  to  such  a  manuscript,  or  tliat  he  would  he  ahle  to  read 
it  even  if  he  had  come  across  it.^ 

We  have  what  seems  to  he  a  fairly  trustworthy  record  of  the 
meagreness  of  Bunyan's  library.  He  was  put  to  school  as  a  hoy 
and  taught  to  read  and  write,  "  the  which  I  also  attained,  according 
to  the  rate  of  other  poor  men's  children,  though  to  my  sliame  I  con- 
fess I  did  soon  lose  that  I  had  learned  even  almost  utterly,  and 
that  long  before  the  Lord  did  work  his  gracious  work  of  conver- 
sion upon  my  soul." 

We  see,  from  this  passage,  that  Bunyan  cannot  have  read  much 
prior  to  his  conversion.  Serious  books  we  know  he  avoided, 
for  he  tells  us  that  "  when  I  have  seen  some  read  in  those  books 
that  concerned  Christian  piety,  it  would  be,  as  it  were,  a  prison 
to  me." 

Books  of  a  more  worldly  type  were  perhaps  occasionally  read  Ijy 
him  if  we  may  take  as  embodying  personal  experience  the  passage 
in  Sighs  from  Hell  where  a  lost  sinner  confesses  to  Abraham  the 
manner  in  which  he  treated  the  Scriptures.  "The  Scriptures," 
thought  I,  "what  are  they'?  ....  Give  me  a  ballad,  a  news-book, 
George  on  Horseback,  or  Bevis  of  Southampton."  But  it  is  not 
likely  that  such  books  were  a  great  temptation  to  him,  or  we  should 
surely  have  had  detailed  reference  to  them,  along  with  the  other 
temptations  of  his  youth,  in   Grace  Abounding. 

It  is  expressly  recorded  that  at  his  marriage  his  wife  brought 
him  two  books,  Tlie  Plain  Marts  Pcdlnoay  to  Heamn  and  the 
Practice  of  Piety,  and  that  these  he  sometimes  read.  Foxe's  Book 
of  Martyrs  was  one  of  his  most  cherished  possessions,  and  Luther's 
Commentary  on  Galatians,  which  he  happened  to  come  across  in  a 
time  of  conflict  and  darkness,  drew  from  him  the  testimony  that  he 
preferred  it  before  all  the  books  that  ever  he  had  seen,  excepting  the 
Holy  Bible,  as  most  fit  for  a  wounded  conscience. 

So  far,  then,  as  we  can  gather  from  existing  records  these  few 
books,  together  with  the  Bible,  formed  his  library.  Of  course  it 
is  possible  that  there  may  have  been  others,  but  it  is  unprofitable  to 
speculate  on  the  point  since  in  one  Book  alone — the  Bible — supple- 

1  It  is  however  true,  as  has  been  before  noted,  that  a  condensed  English 
prose  version  of  De  Guileville's  poem,  a  copy  of  which  is  found  in  St.  John's 
Library,  Cambridge,  existed  in  the  seventeenth  century ;  and  though  it  is  not 
very  likely  that  Bunyan  saw  even  this,  it  is  possible  that  the  story  may  have 
been  tohl  to  him  by  one  who  had  done  so. 


Ix*  Introduction,     vi.  Lydgate  and  Bunyan. 

mented  by  Euuyan's  own  experience,  we  may  trace  all  the  influences 
necessary  for  the  production  of  the  PiJgrim's  Progress. 

As  the  numerous  marginal  references  show,  the  very  passage  on 
the  Heavenly  Jerusalem,  which  has  been  compared  above  with 
Lydgate's  description  of  the  same,  is  drawn  in  almost  every  par- 
ticular, and  sometimes  word  for  Avord,  from  the  Bible.  Christian's 
armour  is  the  armour  of  God  described  in  Ephesians  vi.  11-17.  The 
fight  with  Apollyon  is  an  amplification  of  the  text  "  Resist  the  devil 
and  he  will  flee  from  you "  (James  iv.  7).  The  description  of  the 
Yalley  of  the  Shadow  of  Death  is  drawn  from  various  passages  in  the 
Psalms  and  in  Job  ;  the  origin  of  the  idea  of  Vanity  Fair  is  indicated  by 
many  references, — to  tlie  kingdoms  of  this  world  shown  to  our  Lord 
by  the  Tempter  (Matt.  iv.  8 ;  Luke  iv.  5,  6,  7) ;  to  the  necessity  for 
passing  through  the  temptations  of  the  world  (1  Cor.  v.  10);  to  the 
lamentations  over  the  vanitj^  of  transitory  things  in  Ecclesiastes. 
All  through  the  book  the  language  of  the  Bible  is  employed ;  the 
figures  and  symbols  used  are  those  drawn  from  Holy  Writ ;  the 
doctrines  insisted  upon  are  supported  by  scriptural  reference  after 
reference. 

And  what  of  the  general  course  of  the  allegory  and  the  per- 
sonages represented  in  it?  In  almost  every  point  it  may  be 
brought  into  line  with  Bunyan's  own  experiences.  The  course  of 
his  early  religious  life — his  first  awakening,  his  attempts  to  attain 
righteousness  by  the  deeds  of  the  law,  his  despair  when  he  dis- 
covered the  shallowness  of  this  reformation,  the  instruction  he 
received  from  the  Baptist  minister,  Mr.  Gilford — are  all  faithfully 
reflected  in  the  experiences  of  Christian  as  he  travels  towards  the 
wicket-gate,  in  his  acceptance  of  the  arguments  of  "Worldly  Wiseman, 
in  his  struggles  in  the  Slough  of  Despond,  in  the  character  and 
words  of  Evangelist. 

It  was  a  sermon  on  the  love  of  Christ  which  opened  the  wicket- 
gate  to  Bunyan's  soul,  and  revealed  to  him  the  mind  of  that  One 
who  Avas  "willing  with  all  his  heart"  to  let  him  in.  In  the 
character  and  house  of  the  Interpreter  we  may  trace  again  the 
figure  of  Mr.  Gifford  and  the  religious  assembly  over  which  he 
presided ;  in  the  terrible  picture  of  the  Valley  of  the  Shadow  of 
Death  we  may  follow  the  experience  of  those  months  of  conflict 
during  which  Bunyan  was  so  tormented  l)y  spiritual  tempta- 
tions and  by  the  influence  of  his  early  sins,  that  nothing  but  the 
grace  of   God   can  have  preserved   the   balance  of  his  reason.     It 


Introduction,     vi.  Lydgatc  and  Bunyan.  Ixi* 

was  at  tliis  point  that  lie  came  iipon  Lutlier's  Commentary  on 
Galatlans;  and,  as  Dr.  Cheever  points  out,  this  may  be  "  the  original 
of  just  that  beautiful  incident  recorded  in  the  progress  of  Christian 
through  the  Valley  of  the  Shadow  of  Death,  where,  when  Christian 
had  travelled  in  this  disconsolate  condition  some  considerable  time, 
he  thought  he  heard  the  voice  of  a  man  as  going  before  him,  saying, 
'  Though  I  walk  through  the  Valley  of  the  Shadow  of  Death,  I  will 
fear  no  ill,  for  Thou  art  with  me.'  This,  doubtless,  was  Luther's 
voice ;  and  by  it  Bunyan  perceived  that  some  others  who  feared  God 
might  be  in  this  valley  as  Avell  as  himself,  and  that  God  was  with 
them." 

j^or  can  we  fail  to  trace  in  the  other  personages  of  the  allegory 
a  resemblance  to  many  he  must  have  met,  especially  in  such 
characters  as  Pliable,  Talkative,  Little  Faith,  "Worldly  Wiseman, 
and  the  Judge  and  Jury  in  Vanity  Fair,  all  of  them  types  likely  to  be 
produced  by  the  political  and  religious  conditions  which  prevailed  at 
the  time  when  the  Pilgrim^s  Progress  was  written. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  pursue  this  line  of  argument  further,  and  I 
will  conclude  with  Bunyan's  own  testimony  to  the  originality  of  his 
work. 

"  The  Bible  and  the  Concordance,"  he  says  in  one  place,  "  are 
my  only  library  in  my  writings,  and  I  never  fished  in  other  men's 
waters." 

Attain,  in  the  poetical  preface  to  the  Holy  War,  writing  to  defend 
himself  against  the  assertion  that  the  Pilgrim^s  Progress  was  not 
his,  he  says : 

"  It  came  from  mine  own  heart,  so  to  my  head. 
And  thence  into  my  fingers  trickled ; 
Then  to  my  pen,  from  whence  immediately 
On  paper  I  did  dribble  it  daintily. 
Manner  and  matter,  too,  was  all  mine  own, 
Nor  was  it  unto  any  mortal  known 
Till  I  had  done  it ;  nor  did  any  then 
By  books,  by  wits,  by  tongues,  or  hand,  or  pen, 
Add  five  words  to  it,  or  wrote  half  a  line 
Thereof ;  the  Avhole,  and  every  whit,  is  mine." 

In  The  Author's  Apology  for  his  Book  prefixed  to  the  Pilgrim's 
Progress  there  is  further  evidence  to  the  same  effect.  This  apology 
contains  Bunyan's  reasons  for  writing  in  the  allegorical  style,  a  style 
which  he  defends  by  reference  to  the  symbols  and  parables  of  Holy 


Ixii*  Introduction,     vi.  Lydgate  and  Bunyan. 

Writ,  and  lie  gives  also  an  account  of  the  inception  and  beginning 
of  the  Pilgrim's  Progress. 

"  When  at  the  first  I  took  my  pen  in  hand 
Thus  for  to  write,  I  did  not  understand 
That  I  at  all  should  make  a  little  hook 
In  such  a  mode  ;  nay,  I  had  undertook 
To  make  another,  Avliich  when  almost  done, 
Before  I  was  aware,  I  thus  begun. 

And  thus  it  was  :  I,  writing  of  the  way 

And  race  of  saints  in  tliis  our  gospel-day, 

Fell  suddenly  into  an  allegory 

About  their  journey  and  the  way  to  glory, 

In  more  than  twenty  things,  which  I  set  down ; 

This  done,  I  twenty  more  had  in  my  crown ; 

And  they  began  again  to  multiply, 

Like  sparks  that  from  the  coals  of  fire  do  fly. 

JSTay  then,  thought  I,  if  that  you  breed  so  fast, 

I'll  put  you  by  yourselves,  lest  you  at  last 

Should  prove  ad  infinitum,  and  eat  out 

The  book  that  I  already  am  about." 

These  extracts  make  it  evident  that  Bunyan  (even  though  further 
on  he  declares  that  for  the  practice  of  using  figures  and  similitudes 
he  has 

"  Examples,  too,  and  that  from  them  that  have 
God  better  pleased  by  their  Avords  or  ways 
Than  any  man  that  breathcth  now-a-days,") 

was  certainly  not  aware  of  being  affected  b}''  any  external  influences. 
Of  course  it  is  possible  that  there  may  have  been  literary  influences 
at  work  of  which  he  was  not  conscious,  and  that  the  idea  of  the 
dream,  the  journey  from  this  world  to  the  next,  and  perhaps  a  few 
minor  details  may  have  been  due  to  such.  But  it  has  been  pointed 
out  that  there  is  no  necessity  to  resort  to  the  theory,  nor  are  the 
correspondences  between  Lydgate's  Pilgrimage  and  Bunyan's 
Pilgrim's  Progress  sufficiently  iinmisfeakable  to  counterbalance  the 
improbability  of  the  assumption  that  the  younger  Avriter  should 
ever  have  come  across  the  work  of  the  elder. 


Ixiii* 


bibliogrXi^hy. 


MANUSCRIPTS. 

First  Eecension  of  Deguileville's  "  P^lerinage  de 
vie  humaine." 

Paris.    Bibl.  Nat    MS.  Fonds.  fmnc.   Nos.  376,  823,  824,  1139,  1647, 

1818,  and  niany  others.     A  complete  list  is  given  in  the  Roxburghe 

edition  of  Deguileville's  first  recension  (Stiirzinger). 

London.     Brit.    Mus.    Add.    22937.     Vellum.     Les    trois    pelerinages, 

about  1450. 

Add.    25594.     Vellum,   14th    cent.     Includes    P61erinage    de    la   Vie 

Humaine  and  Pdlerinage  de  I'ame.     Both  imperfect. 
Ilarley,  4399.     Vellum,  15th  cent.     P^lerinage  de  la  Vie  humaine. 
Lib.  of  Lord  Aldenham.     The  three  Pilgrimages. 
Lib.  of  A.  H.  Hxhth,  Esq.    The  three  Pilgrimages. 
AsHBUKNHAM  Place.     Lib.  of  Earl  of  Ash. 

Coll.  Barrois,  488.     The  first  and  second  Pilgrimages. 
Coll.  Barrois,  74.     The  first  Pilgrimage. 
Cheltenham.     Lib.  of  late  Sir  T.  Phillipps.     3655.    The  first  Pilgrimage. 

Second  Eecension  op  Deguileville's  "  Pblerinage." 

Paris.     Bibl.  Nat.    f.  frc.  377,  825,  829,  1138,  12466. 
Bibl.  de  V Arsenal,  3646. 
Bibl.  de  I'Institut,  20. 
Cherburg.     42. 

St.  Petersburg.     Bibl.  Imperiale.     F.  xiv.  No.  11. 
Haigh  Hall.     Lib.  of  Earl  of  Crawford.     Fr.  4. 

LoND.     Brit.  Mus.     The  Pilgrimage  of  the   Life  of  Man,  by  Lydgate, 
enghshed  from  the  second    recension   of  Deguileville's   Pelerinage. 
Three  MSS.  exist,  viz.— 
15  cent.  Cotton  Coll.  Vitellius  C.  xiii.     The  Pilgrimage  to  Jerusalem. 

Vellum,  imperfect  at  the  beginning. 
14  cent.  Cotton  Coll.     Tiberius  A  7.    The  Pilgrim.     Vellum,  imperfect. 
Pilgrimage  of  the  world,  by  commandement  of  the  Earle  of  Salisbury, 
1426.     Alluded  to  by  Thomas  Speght,  in  his  list  of  Lydgate's  works 
at  the  end  of  his  Siege  of  Thebes.     Fol.  394  in  Chaucer's  Workes, 
1598,  ed.  Speglit. 
This  must  be  the  Stowe  MS.  952,  as  Speght  says  it  is  "  in  the  custodie 
of"  John  Stowe. 

pilgrimage.  e 


Ixiv*  Introduction.     Bibliography. 

PEOSE. 

Paris.     Imp.   Lib.    Nor.   1137,    1646.     Le   livre   du  pelerinage   de  vie 
humaine,     Jean  Gallopes. 
Ditto,  in  Lord  Aldenham's  Library.     According  to  the  armorial  bearings 
therein,  this  copy  belonged  to  Rene  de  Laval,  cousin  of  Jeanne  de 
Laval,  third  wife  of  King  Rene  of  Naples. 
Oxford.     Bodl.     The  Pilgrimage  of  Man.     (Laud  Misc.  740.) 

Univ.  Coll.  and  Corpus  Christi.     (These  last  two  MSS.  have  not  yet 
been  collated,  but  are  believed  to  be  both  of  the  same  version.) 
Cambridge.     University  Library,     (Ff.  5.  30).     Pilgrimage  of  the  Lyf  of 
the  Manhode.     About  1430.     On  vellum.     An  almost  literal  transla- 
tion of  Deguileville's  first  recension. 
Univ.  Lib.     (Ff.  6.  30.)     The  Pilgrime,  or  the  Pilgrimage  of  Man  in 
this  World.     Wherin  y"  Authour  doth  plainly  &  truly  sett  forth  y« 
wretchednes  of  mans   life  in  this  World,  without  Grace,  our  sole 
Protectour.     Written  in  y*  yeare  of  X',  1331. 
Colophon.    "Written  according  to  y«  first  copy.     The  originall  being  in 
,    St.  John's  College  in  Oxford  (now  in  Bodleian),  and  thither  given  by 
/     Will.  Laud,  Arch'bp.  of  Canterbury,  who  had  it  of  Will.  Baspoole, 
who  before  he  gave  to  y«  Arch'bp.  the  originall,  did  copy  it  out.     By 
which   it   was  verbatim  written  by  Walter  Parker,    1645,   and    fro 
thence  transcribed  byG.  G.  1649.    And  fro  thence  by  W.  A.  1655." 
St.  John^s  College.     (G.  21.)     Northern  dialect. 

Magdalene  College.    MS.  Pepys  2258.— Same  title  as  Ff.  6.  30.  Univ.  Lib. 
V    The  colophon  runs  : — "  Heere  ends  the  Romance  of  the  Monke  which 
he  wrote  of  the  Pilgrimage  of  the  life  of  the  manhoode,  which  he 
made  for  the  good  pilgrims  of  this  world  that  they  nuiy  know  such 
way  as  may  bring  them  to  ye  joyes  of  Heaven.     Pray  for  him  yt 
made  it  &  gratis^  writt  it  for  the  love  of  good  Christians  in  the 
yeare  one  thousand  three  hundred  thirty  &  one.' 
Foiio,  illustrated  with  coloured  drawings. 
Glasgow.     Hunterian  Museum.     Q.  2.  25. 

FEINTED   EDITIONS. 

Oxford.  Le  romant  dcs  trois  pelerinaiges.  Paris.  B.  and  J.  Petit. 
Printed  by  B.  Rembolt.  Douce,  D.  subt.  58.  4".  Also  in  Brit.  Mus. 
and  in  the  Library  of  Mr.  Alfred  Huth. 

Le  pelerlnage  de  I'homme.  Nouvellemet  imprime  a  paris.  Le  qua- 
triesme  iour  dauril  mil  cinq  cens  et  onze  deuat  Pasques  Pour  anthoino 
Verard  demourant  en  la  dicte  Ville.  (Douce,  G.  285.)  (Also  in 
Brit.  Mus.) 

Le  pelerin  de  vie  humaine  tres  utile  et  proffitable  pour  cognoistre 
soymesmes.  Known  to  be  by  Jean  Gallopes,  though  he  does  not 
give  his  name.  This  version  was  made  by  order  of  "  Dame  Jehanc 
de  Laual  royne  de  Iherusalem  et  de  Secille,  duchesse  daniou  et  do 
Bar  contesse  de  Prouence."  Printed  at  Lyon  by  Claude  Nourry  in 
1504.     (Douce,  P.  339.) 

Lfelft  Edition.  "  Die  is  dat  boeck  vanden  pelgrim  welck  boeck  nuttich 
ende  profitelick  is  alien  kcrsten  menschen  te  leren  den  wech  welcken 
wech  men  sculdich  is  te  ghaen  ofte  laten,  die  hacr  polgrimagie 
doen  moeten  in  deser  warelt  tot  de  ewighe  leuen."     (Douce,  46.) 

'  Should  this  be  gart= caused,  as  in  another  copy  ? 


Introduction.     Bibliography.  Ixv* 

Colophon.  "  Hier  eyndt  dat  boeck  vanden  pelgrym.  En  is  gheprincte 
Delf  in  HoUant.  By  mi  heynrick  Eckert  van  Hombercli,  Intiaer  ons 
heeren  M.cccc  vili.  den  vutsten  dach  van  april."  Tlie  Royal  Library 
at  the  Hague  contains  another  edition  of  this  book,  printed  at 
Haarlem,  similar  to  the  Delft  edition  in  illustrations  and  text,  except 
that  a  few  words,  relating  how  the  author  awoke  from  his  dream, 
are  added  at  the  end,  and  that  there  are  some  variations  in  spelling. 

"The  Ancient  Poem  of  Guillaimie  de  Guilleville,  entitled  Le  Pelerinage 
de  I'Homme,  compared  with  the  Pilgrim's  Progress  of  John  Bunyan, 
edited  by  notes  collected  by  the  late  Mr.  Nathaniel  Hill,"  1858. 

A  modern  prose  Translation  (that  is,  Abstract)  of  .  .  .  The  Pylgrimage 
of  Man,     Lond.  1859.     Isabella  K.  Cnst. 

Pilgrimage  of  the  Lyf  of  the  Manhode.  Ed.  by  W.  Aldis  "Wright, 
lioxburghe  Club  publication  1869.  (From  the  MS.  Ff.  5.  30,  in  the 
University    Library,    Cambridge.) 

Le  Pelerinage  de  vie  humaine.  Ed.  by  J.  J.  Stiirzinger,  Roxburghe 
Club,  1893.     First  recension. 

"  The  Peregrination  of  Mannes  Lyfe,"  enumerated  by  Skelton  as  among 
his  prose  works.  Warton  (Hist,  of  Eng.  Poetry,  III,  163,  ed.  1824) 
thinks  this  may  have  been  a  translation  "from  the  French,  perhaps 
ofGuillaume,  prior  of  Chaulis."     (Not  extant.) 

On  the  fly-leaf  of  Verard's  edition  is  the  following  MS.  note :  "  This 
Romance  had  been  printed  in  the  Castilian  language  as  early  as 
1480  under  the  following  title— 'El  peregrinage  de  la  vida  humana 
compuesto  por  Fray  Guillelmo  de  Gralleville  Abad  de  Senlis, 
traduzido  en  volgar  Castillano  por  Fray  Vincentio  Mazuello  en 
Tolosa  por  Henrique  Aleman,  1480,  in  folio.  V.  Marchand,  hist,  de 
I'injpriinerie.'" 

Tiie  book  in  Queen's  College  Library,  Oxford,  called  in  the  catalogue 
"The  booke  of  the  pilgryraage  of  Man.  (Translated  into  English 
metre,  by  an  anonymous  writer,  from  a  prose  version  by  William 
Hendred,  Prior  of  Leominster,  of  the  French  work  of  Gnillaume 
de  Guillerville.)  London.  Richard  Faques  (about  1525  ?)"  is  not  a 
translation  of  the  Pilgrimage  of  the  Life  of  Man,  but  is  quite  a  different 
poem. 

As  above  noted,  the  second  recension  of  Deguileville's  poem,  which 
is  the  version  afterwards  put  into  English  by  Lydgate,  exists  in 
England  in  MS.  in  Lord  Crawford's  Library,  and  in  print  in  the 
Brit.  Mus.,  in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford,  and  in  the  library  of 
Mr.  Alfred  Huth.  In  both  the  Brit.  Mus.  and  the  Bodleian  we  find 
two  editions. 

(1)  Le  roraant  des  trois  Pelerinaiges.  Le  premier  pelerinaige  est  de 
rhomme  durat  quest  en  vie. 

Le  second  de  lame  separee  du  corps. 

Le  tiers  est  de  nostreseignr  iesus  en  forme  de  monotesseron  :  cest  a 
sauoir  les  quatre  enagiles  mise  en  une :  et  le  tout  magistralement 
cointemet  et  si  utileniet  pour  le  ealut  de  lame  quon  ne  pourront 
mieulx  dire  ne  escrire,  fait  et  compose  p^  frere  gnillaume  de  deguile- 
ville  en  son  viiiat  moyne  de  chaaliz  de  lordre  de  cisteaux. 

This  edition  was  printed  in  Paris  by  B.  Renibolt  for  Bartliolde  and 
Jehan  Petit.  It  bears  no  date,  but  is  ascribed  by  Stiirzinger  to 
about  the  year  1500. 

(2)  Le  pelerinage  de  I'liomme.  nouellemut  imprime  a  paris.  Le  qua- 
triesme    iour  dauril  mil   cinq   cens   et   onze  deuat    Pasques,    Pour 


Ixvi*  Introduction.     Bibliography, 

anthoine  Verard  demoiirant  en  ladicte  Ville  Et  a  le  roy  nostre  sire 
donne  au  dit  Verard  lettres  de  priuilege  et  ternie  de  trois  ana  pour 
Vend  re  et  distribuer  ses  ditz  liures  affin  destre  rembourse  de  see 
fraiz  et  mises  et  deflfend  le  dit  sei,i:riieur  a  tons  libraires  /  imprimeurs 
et  autres  de  ce  royaulme  de  imprimer  ce  present  liure  iusques  apres 
trois  ans  du  iour  de  la  date  cy  dessus  mise  sur  peine  de  confiscation 
des  ditz  liures.  This  edition  (whicli  contains  only  the  first  of  the 
three  pilgrimages)  is  slightly  different  from  that  of  B.  and  J.  Petit. 
The  differences,  in  most  cases,  are  verbal  variations  not  affecting  the 
sense,  though  in  a  few  places  the  wording  of  as  many  as  four  or 
five  lines  is  distinct.  Tlie  prose  prayer  according  to  St.  Bernard  is 
present  in  Verard,  but  in  Petit  is  replaced  by  about  a  page  of  De 
Guileville's  verse. 
The  other  differences  are  editorial.  Verard  contains  a  table  of  contents 
according  to  the  chapters, — Petit  has  an  alphabetical  table.  Each 
contains  a  Prologue  du  Correcteur,  identical  as  to  the  earlier  verses. 
In  the  last  verse,  however,  there  is  a  variation,  according  as  the 
publication  of  the  book  had  to  be  ascribed  to  Bertholde  (Petit) 
or  to  Anthoine  Verard,  and  Petit's  Prologue  contains  two  extra 
verses,  which  explain  tliat  the  Jerusalem  spoken  of  in  the  poem  is 
the  Celestial  Jerusalem,  and  that  the  contents  of  the  book  must  be 
understood  "  moralement  et  non  pas  literalement." 


Ixvii^ 


THE   MSS.    OF  LYDGATE'S   POEM. 

Cotton.  Vitellius  C.  13.     Brit.  3Ius.  Vellum.     Folio. 

This  MS.  belonged  to  the  collection  of  Sir  R.  Cotton ,  and  was  injured 
in  the  fire  at  his  library.  It  has  been  burnt  and  torn  at  the  top,  with  the 
result  that  the  script  in  this  part  of  the  pages  is  frequently  illegible. 
Otiierwise,  however,  it  is  in  good  condition,  and,  with  tlie  exception  of 
fol.  1,  the  ink  has  kept  its  colour  well. 

The  script,  which  is  fifteenth  century  in  character,  is  small,  neat  and 
legible. 

The  MS.  is  written  in  black  ink,  without  illustrations,  ornamental 
capitals  or  decoration,  although  spaces  for  illustrations  have  been  left. 
Red  ink  has  been  used  to  toucli  up  the  initial  letters  of  the  lines  as  far  as 
fol.  155,  and  red  ink  headings  and  phrases  are  to  be  found,  but  in  some 
jiarts  they  are  written  in  black,  as  are  also  the  occasional  sidenotes.  Here 
and  there  the  headings  have  been  omitted,  and  have  been  put  in  by 
another  and  later  hand. 

Portions  of  the  cover  and  fly-leaves  remain.  The  fly-leaf  at  the  end  is 
scribbled  over  in  various  hands  on  one  side,  and  on  the  reverse  is  a  note : 
— "  Our  Ladye's  A.  B.  C.  50  leafes  from  the  end."  In  the  MS.,  however, 
the  A.  B.  C.  does  not  appear,  though  there  is  a  blank  left  for  it. 

Tlie  MS.  consists  of  311  folios,  including  fly-leaves,  and  contains  about 
21,600  lines  of  Lydgate's  i)oem,  about  3,200  lines  being  missing.  The 
principal  gaps  occur  after  fol.  253,  between  the  lines — 

"I  holde  thys  false  pardownerys"  (1.  17901),  and 
"And  fro  my  whel  when  they  are  falle"  (1.  19551). 

The  next  considerable  gap  comes  at  fol.  286,  between  the  lines — 

"  Ma  dame  then  anoon  quod  I "  (1.  21949),  and 
"  How  euerych  dede  in  his  degre  "  (1.  23367), 
and  after  fol.  241 — 

"That  they  resowne  no  maner  thyng"  (1.  16080),  to 
"  Wych  by  the  ground  ful  lowe  lay"  (1.  17062), 

which   passage    includes    the    whole  of  the    prayer    according    to    St. 
Bernard. 

Cott.  Tiberius  A.  7.  Brit.  Mus.     Vellum.     Quarto. 

The  volume  in  which  this  Lydgate  MS.  is  found  contains  also  some 
Latin  Chronicles  and  Poems.  The  fragment  of  Lydgate's  poem  begins  at 
p.  39  of  the  volume  with  the  conversation  between  the  Pilgrim  and 
Avarice,  at  1.  18313,  "May  into  heven  have  none  entre,"  and  consists  of 
rather  less  than  4000  lines. 

The  first  page  is  much  stained,  and  at  intervals  throughout  the  MS. 
there  are  portions  scorched  or  injured  by  the  use  of  galls,  but  in  most 
cases  the  injury  is  not  enough  to  render  the  script  illegible.     At  fol.  98  of 


Ixviii*  Introduction.     The  MSS. 

the  volume,  however,  the  work  of  the  fire  becomes  more  evident,  and  as 
we  go  on  we  find  that  tlie  MS.  becomes  illegible  in  the  midst  of  the 
conversation  between  the  Pil^^rim  and  Obedience,  and  ends  with  fol.  106 
of  the  volume.  After  fol.  G2  some  leaves  are  missing  after  the  catch- 
words, "Or  what  answere"  (I.  19712),  until  "  Thys  tooknys  nor  thys 
bowys  grene"  (1.  20416),  and  also  after  fol.  64,  from  "And  in  this  world 
(botho  fer  &  ner) "  (1.  20557),  to  "That  god  wolde  helpe  me  on  my  weye" 
(1.  20812).  The  fragment  ends  with  1.  23676,  "And  the  fatte  away  thei 
pulle." 

Tlie  MS.,  which  is  on  velhim,  is  beantifiilly  written  in  a  neat  and  very 
legible  fifteenth-century  hand,  and  is  illustrated  with  fifty-three  coloured 
drawings.  It  is  also  decorated  on  several  pageg  with  tail-pieces  of  a 
floral  design,  enclosing  catch-words  intended  to  secure  the  sequence  of 
the  sheets. 

The  MS.  is  written  in  black  ink,  proper  names,  some  notable  phrases, 
and  the  few  sidenotes  lieiug  in  red.  The  capitals  are  in  red  and  blue, 
with  elaborate  red  flourishes,  which  in  some  cases  extend  nearly  the  whole 
length  of  the  page. 

The  illustrations,  although  grotesque,  are  not  lacking  in  a  rude  impres- 
siveness,  and  the  figures  often  have  considerable  vigour  of  action  and 
expression,  in  spite  of  the  imperfections  of  the  drawing. 

The  illustrations  represent  the  following  subjects  : 

(1)  Avarice  and  Death  showing  their  boxes. 

(2)  The  martyrdom  of  St.  Lawrence. 

(3)  Avarice  and  Youth. 

(4)  The  Pilgrim  and  the  Messenger  of  Necromancy. 

(5)  The  pavilion  of  Necromancy. 

(6)  The  Messenger  demonstrates  how  spirits  are  raised. 

(7)  The  Duke  of  Frieseland  refuses  to  be  baptized. 

(8)  Necromancy,  the  Messenger  and  the  Pilgrim. 

(9)  Heresy  calls  to  the  Pilgrim. 

(10)  Heresy  trying  to  reshape  the  Pilgrim's  scrip. 

(11)  Satan  and  Heresy  trying  to  catch  the  Pilgrim  in  nets. 

(12)  Satan  and  Heresy  casting  nets  into  the  sea. 

(13)  Satan  fishing  for  Pilgrims  in  the  sea. 

(14)  A  hermit,  deceived  by  Satan,  kills  his  own  father. 
(16)  Satan  the  hunter  lamenting. 

(16)  The  Pilgrim  swimming  in  the  sea. 

(17)  The  Pilgrim  cast  on  Fortune's  Wheel. 

(18)  Fortune  on  her  Wheel. 

(19)  A  carpenter  kneeling  before  an  idol  in  the  house  of  Idolatry. 

(20)  An  altar-piece  of  Christ,  Apostles,  Prophets  and  Martyrs. 

(21)  The  Pilgrim  caught  l)y  Sorcery. 

(22)  The  school  of  Satan,  in  which  Sorcer}^  learnt. 

(23)  The  Pilgrim,  on  an  island,  is  attacked  by  Conspiracj'. 

(24)  Two  kings,  and  the  treacherous  soldiers  of  one  surrendering  to  the 

other. 

(25)  The  Pilgrim  on  an  island  in  the  sea. 

(26)  The  Pilgrim  and  the  flaming  tower. 

(27)  Worldly  Gladness,  a  bird-man,  flying  to  the  Pilgrim. 

(28)  The  worldly  joys  of  love  and  gambling. 

(29)  Worldly  Gladness  casts  the  Pilgrim  into  the  sea. 

(30)  The  Pilgrim  lamenting  on  his  island. 

(31)  The  ship  of  Religion  comes  to  the  Pilgrim. 

(32)  Grace  Dieu  descends  from  the  ship  to  meet  the  Pilgrim. 


Introduction.     The  MSS.  Ixix* 

(33)  Grace  Dieu  descends  from  the  ship  to  meet  the  Pilgrim. 

(34)  Grace  Dieii  shows  the  Pilgrim  the  bath  of  Kepentance. 

(35)  The  Pilgrim  in  the  bath  of  Repentance. 

(36)  Grace  Dion  shows  the  Pilgrim  four  monasteries. 

(37)  The  Pilgrim  before  the  porter  of  the  monastery  of  Citeaux. 

(38)  The  refectory  at  Citeaux. 

(39)  The  Pilgrim  meets  Lady  Lesson  in  the  monastery. 

(40)  Hagiography  shows  her  books  to  the  Pilgrim. 

(41)  Hagiography  shows  her  mirrors  to  the  Pilgrim. 

(42)  A  king  being  deceived  by  flatterers. 

(43)  The  Pilgrim  looking  in  the  mirror  of  Conscience. 

(44)  The  Pilgrim  with  Obedience  and  Abstinence. 

(45)  The  dead  serving  the  living  at  table  in  the  monastery. 

(46)  Chastity  making  beds.     Wilful  Poverty  singing. 

(47)  Wilful  Poverty  speaking  to  the  Pilgrim. 

(48)  Wilful  Poverty  shows  Impatient  Poverty  to  the  Pilgrim. 

(49)  The  Pilgrim  and  Dame  Chastity  with  her  mailed  hands. 

(50)  The  Pilgrim  and  Prayer, 

(51)  The  Pilgrim,  Prayer  and  two  skeletons. 

(52)  The  Pilgrim  finds  the  handmaid  Latria,  blowing  a  liorn. 

(53)  Abusion  with  her  mason's  rule  and  spoon.    (This  illustration  is  not 
correctly  placed  in  the  MS.) 

Stowe  952.     Brit.  Mus.     Paper,     Quarto, 

This  MS,  belonged  to  John  Stowe,  the  Elizabethan  tailor  and  collector 
of  MSS.  and  antiquities,  and  consists  of  379  folios  in  which  are  contained 
the  whole  of  Lydgate's  poem.  The  passage  from  1.  16081  to  1.  17062, 
including  the  prayer  of  St.  Bernard,  is  found  only  in  this  MS.  as  is  also  the 
case  with  11.  17901-18312.  Up  to  fol.  304  the  Stowe  MS.  is  written  in  a 
late  fifteenth-century  hand,  but  the  remainder  of  the  poem,  beginning  at 
1.  17198,  "She  held  also  a  gret  ballaunce,"  has  been  copied  by  Stowe 
himself  from  another  MS. 

At  fol.  3  occurs  the  following  note  in  Stowe's  writing:  "pilgrimage 
de  monde,  y*  pilgrimage  of  y«  world,  translated  out  of  Frenche  into 
Englyshe  by  John  Lydgate,  monke  of  bery  at  y«  comanderaent  of  y«  earle 
of  Salisbery." 

Following  this  is  a  note  in  another  hand  :  "Thomas  Montacute,  E.  of 
Sa :  in  the  tyme  of  H.  6.  He  was  slayne  at  the  siege  of  Orleans  by  a 
bullet  of  stoue,  shot  from  the  enemye's  fort  as  he  was  looking  out  at  a 
windowe  from  a  high  Tower  that  overlookd  the  cittye.  He  dyed  3  dayes 
after  his  wounding,  being  the  3  of  Novemb.  1428  7  H.  6.  His  bodye  was 
brought  into  England  &  buryed  in  the  Abbey  of  Bristleham  or  Brickham 
in  Berkshire." 

On  p.  1  is  the  name  W.  Browne,  which  may  possibly  indicate  that  the 
MS.  was  originally  the  property  of  the  author  of  Britannia's  Pastorals. 

The  hand  in  which  the  first  two-thirds  of  the  MS.  are  written  is  much 
less  compact  and  neat  than  that  of  either  Vitell.  c.  XIII  or  Tib.  A.  VII, 
as  the  scribe  has  made  much  use  of  flourished  capitals  and  long  tails  to  his 
letters.     It  is,  however,  legible  for  this  style  of  writing. 


Ixx" 


GUILLAUME  DE  GUILEVILLE. 

Of  the  author  of  the  Pelerinage  de  la  Vie  Humaine  practically  nothing  is 
known  besides  what  can  bo  gathered  from  the  poem.  From  this  we  learn 
that  Deguileville  was  a  monk  of  the  Abbey  of  Chalis,  in  Vahiis,  nrar  Senlis, 
founded  by  St.  Louis,  and  that  he  wrote  there  in  the  years  1330-31  a  poem 
recording  a  vision  which  he  had  had. 

"  Pourtant  le  dj'e  car  une  foiz 
L'an  mil  trois  ces  dix  &  trois  foiz 
Ung  songe  vy  bien  merueilleux 
Lequel  ainsi  com  sommeilleux 
J'escriptz  a  mon  reueillement."    (Ver.  fol.  i.  back.) 

In  the  commission  of  Reason  against  Rude  Entendement  the  date  1331 
is  mentioned. 

This  first  recension  of  the  poem  was  stolen  from  him  before  he 
had  been  able  to  put  it  into  final  sha[)e,  and  after  the  MS,  was  stolen  it 
was  copied,  and  copies  of  the  unauthorised  version  were  dispersed  througli- 
out  France.  Displeased  at  this,  Deguileville  undertook  tlie  iuimense  task 
of  rewriting  the  poem  and  issuing  the  new  version  to  all  those  places  in 
which  copies  of  the  first  recension  were  to  be  found.  This  second  version 
was  not  made  until  twenty-five  or  twenty-six  years  after  the  first,  as  we 
learn  from  the  envoy  to  his  dream  : 

*'  Et  si  soyes  loyal  messaige 
De  trestout  mon  pelerinaige 
Disant  a  tons  comment  niauint 
Passe  a  des  ans  vingt  cinq 
Du  monastere  de  chaliz 
Qui  fut  funde  par  sainct  loys."     (fol,  ii.) 

In  Lydgate's  version  (1.  304)  "syx  and  twenty  yer"  is  the  time  men- 
tioned. 

Besides  the  Pilgrimage  of  the  Life  of  Man,  De  Guileville  wrote  also 
the  Pelerinage  de  I'Ame,  containing  an  account  of  the  judgment  of  the 
soul,  and  its  passage  through  Purgatory,  and  tlie  Pelerinage  de  Jesus  crist. 

We  learn  from  the  first  recension  of  the  first  pilgrimage  that  De  Guile- 
ville was  thirty-six  years  of  age  at  the  time  that  it  was  written. •  He  must 
therefore  have  been  born  about  1294  or  1295.  The  date  of  his  death  is  not 
known,  but  in  the  prologue  to  the  Peleriiuige  de  Jesus  crist  there  is  a  men- 
tion of  the  date  "Lan  mil  trois  cens  cinquante  huit,"  which  proves  that  he 
must  at  least  have  passed  the  age  of  sixty-four. 

The  name  of  the  poet's  father  was  Thomas  de  guillevyle. 

^  "Thou  hast  nourished  him  (thu  body)  ....  A  '^iv-t  while  it  is  that  thou 
bi^nuiue  and  neuerc  sitho  stiudedcst  Thouh  j  scidc  '6G^'  wiutor  j  I'ailede  j  trowe 
but  Htel. "     (Cauib. ) 


Guillaume  de  Guileville.  Ixxi* 

"  God  is  thy  ffuder  tak  lied  her  to 
And  thow  art  hys  soiie  also 


tfor  of  Thomas  de  guillevyle 
Thow  art  not  sone  on  that  party." 

(MS.  Cott.  Vitell.  C  XIII,  fol.  147.) 

He  was  called  William  after  liis  godfather : 

"  Gnyllyam  ffor-sothly  he  hyhte 
Hys  surname  I  nat  ne  knew."     (Lydgate,  1.  1308-9.) 

and  he  had  as  his  patron  saint  St.  William  of  Chalis,  "the  abbot  of 
Chalyt,  thy  good  patroun  seint  William." 

De  Visch  speaks  of  him  as  a  Parisien  by  birth  and  as  monk  and  prior 
of  Chalis.  Jean  Galoppes,  the  author  of  the  prose  version  of  the  Pilgrim- 
age, also  speaks  of  him  as  "  Guillaume  prieur  de  I'abbaj'e  de  Chaaliz." 

De  Guileville  remained  in  the  abbey  of  Chalis  for  thirty-nine  years : 

"  for  taccounte  the  terme  entier 
the  space  of  XXXIX  yere 
I  was  bound  of  volunte."    (1.  23029-31.) 

From  these  dates  we  may  gather  that  he  was  born  in  1294,  entered  the 
monastery  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  in  1316,  wrote  the  first  version  of 
his  poem  at  the  age  of  thirty-six  in  1330,  and  the  second  version  in  1355, 
after  he  had  been  thirty-nine  years  a  monk. 

Meyer  says  "I'auteur  tirait  son  surnom  de  Digulleville,  commime  de 
I'arrondissement  de  Cherbourg,  canton  de  Beaumont-Hague."  The  only 
otl:er  fact  of  Deguileville's  life  that  seems  clear  is  that  he  was  acquainted 
with  Jean  de  Meun  (b.  1250,  d.  1322  c),  the  author  of  the  second  part  of 
the  Romance  of  the  Rose : 

"  I  knowe  that  man  fFul  wel 
With  every  maner  cycumstaunce, 
Wych  that  made  that  Romaunce." 

(Lydgate,  p.  358-9,  11. 13214-16.) 


Ixxiii* 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Lydgate's  Prologue,  stating  that  he  began  to  translate  De  Giiile- 

ville's  work  in  1426,  at  the  command  of  Lord  Salisbury        ...       1-5    , 

Tiie  Prologue  of  the  Author,  who  complains  that  his  book  was 

taken  from  him  before  it  was  corrected  ...         ...         ...       6-9 

IIow  the  Author  sees  in  a  mirror  a  vision  of  the  Holy  City  of  the 
celestial  Jerusalem,  and  those  who  enter  therein,  and  the 
manner  of  their  entering,  by  which  he  is  moved  to  go  on 
pilgrimage  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...       9-18 

How  the  Author,  in  seeking  for  the  Pilgrim's  scrip  and  bordoun 
(staflE),  finds  Grace  Dieu,  who  teaches  him  how  he  should 
govern  himself,  and  promises  to  help  him       ...         ...         ...     18-22 

How  Grace  Dieu  leads  the  Author,  who  washes  to  be  a  Pilgrim, 

into  her  house       23 

The  Pilgrim  conieis  to  the  river  of  baptism,  and  Grace  Dieu 
explains  to  him  the  doctrine  of  Original  Sin  and  the  necessity 
of  being  baptized  ...■        ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     23-34 

The  Pilgrim  is  washed  in  baptism  by  Grace  Dieu,  assisted  by  an 

Advocate  and  an  Official  ...         ...         ...         35-36 

The  Pilgrim  sees  in   the  house  of  Grace  Dieu  a  vicar  (Moses) 

who  confirms  him  ...         ...         ...         ...         37-38 

The  ointments  for  the  use  of  Pilgrims         ...         ...         ...         ...     38-39 

Reason  declares  to  the  Vicar  and  the  Official  what  is  the  use  of  the 

ointments  . ...         ...         ....        ...         ...         ...         ...     39-42 

The  reason  why  Moses  is  horned,  and  how  he  should  treat  sinners     42-51 

Two  Pilgrims,  a  man  and  a  woman,  join  together  in  the  house  of 

Grace  Dieu  to  make  their  pilgrimage   ...         ...         ...         ...     51-53 

How  the  Pilgrim  sees  that  several  are  made  by  Moses  officers  of 

his  house   ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     53 

Reason  tells  the  officers  how  they  should  conduct  themselves     ...     54-58 

Moses  appoints  minor  officers  ...         58-60 

Moses  gives  sword,' keys,  and  Grace  Dieu  to  the  officers  ...         ...     61 

Grace  Dieu  explains  to  the  Pilgrim  that  she  is  the  common  help 

of  all  Pilgrims      ...         62-63 

Reason  declares  to  the  officers  why  the  sword  anil  keys  are  given 

to  them      64-75 

The  Pilgrim  asks  Moses  to  give  him  the  sword  and  the  keys,  but 

only  receives  partial  power  over  them.    The  reason  ...         ...     75-86 

The  Pilgrim  sees  that  Moses,  by  the  aid  of  Grace  Dieu,  transforms 
the  bread  and  wine  of  his  dinner  into  flesh  and  blood,  giving 
power  to  his  officials  to  do  likewise      ...         ...         ...         ...     86-88 


Ixxiv*  Table  of  Contents. 

PAGES 

The  Pilgrim  liears  Nature  revile  Grace  Dien,  because  she  inter- 
feres with  her  ordinances  by  changing  bread  and  wine 
into  flesh  and  blood     ... ...       89-96 

Gi-ace  Dieu  explains  that  Nature  is  subject  to  her  will  ...       97-105 

The  Pilgrim  sees  Penance  with  her  broom  Confession,  her 
hammer  Contention,  and  her  rod  Satisfaction,  with  which 
she  reforms  men  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     106-122 

Charity  explains  her  office  to  the  Pilgrim,  and  reads  the  Testa- 
ment of  Jesus  Christ    ...         ...         ...         ...     122-13.S 

The  Pilgrims  receive  the  Sacrament         ...         ...         ...         ...     134-136 

Grace  Dieu  teaches  the  Pilgrim  concerning  the  change  of  bread 
and  wine  into  fle&h  and  blood,  and  explains  how  Charity 
and  Sapience  made  the  bread  ...         ...     136-145 

Aristotle,  sent  by  Nature,  argues  with  Sapience  because  one  part 

of  the  loaf  of  the  Eucharist  has  the  virtue  of  the  whole    ...     145-147 

Sapience  tells  Aristotle  that  she  did  not  teach  him  all  her  arts, 

and  confutes  his  arguments   ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     147-162 

Grace  Dieu  instructs  the  Pilgrim  concerning  his  five  senses. 

She  then  shows  him  the  scrip  and  the  bordoun,  declaring 

what  the  scrip  signifies  ...         162-184 

Grace  Dieu  gives  the  Pilgrim  a  Latin  writing,  which  contains 

the  Credo  at  "length     ...         184-190 

How  Grace  Dieu  teaches  the  Pilgrim  what  tlie  bordoun  and  its 

pommels  mean...         ...         ...         ...         ...     190-194 

Grace  Dieu   gives  the  Pilgrim  two  Latin  poems  on  GOD  in 

Trinity  and  the  Virgin  Mary  ...         194-201 

Grace  Dieu  gives  scrip  and  bordoun  to  the  pilgrim       ...         ...     201 

Grace   Dieu  wishes  to  arm  the  Pilgrim,  and  shows  him  her 

armour  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     202-228 

The  Pilgrim  arms  himself  with  the  armour  of  Grace  Dieu,  but 

cannot  endure  nor  wear  it     ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     228-232 

Grace  Dieu  gives  to  the  Pilgrim  the  five  stones  with  which 
David  slew  Goliath,  and  sufl"ers  his  arms  to  be  carried  by 
his  chamberer,  who  is  the  memory  of  past  times   ...         ...     233-244 

Grace  Dieu  blames  the  Pilgrim  for  refusing  to  wear  armour. 
She  tells  him  his  body  is  a  foe,  to  be  subdued,  and  explains 
the  difference  between  body  and  soul  245-282 

Grace  Dieu  withdraws  from  the  Pilgrim's  sight,  and  he  finds  in 

his  path  Rude  Entendement,  who  hinders  him       ...         ...     282-285 

Reason  disp]a3's  her  commission  from  Grace  Dieu,  and  delivers 

the  Pilgrim  from  Rude  Entendement  ...         285-301 

The  Pilgrim  finds  in  his  path  Youth,  wlio  is  feathered  about  the 

feet  and  is  playing  with  a  ball.     She  goes  with  him         ...     302-307 

The  Pilgrim  finds  at  a  parting  of  the  ways  Labour  and  Idle- 
ness, and  asks  the  way  ...         307-308 

Labour  advises  him  to  take  the  right-hand  path,  and  discourses 

about  social  differences  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     .309-315 

Idleness  tells  him  to  take  the  left-hand  path       315-320 


Tabic  of  Contents. 


Ixxv' 


PAGES 

The  Pilgrim  speaks  to  Moral  Vertuc,  who  tells  him  to  take  the 

right-Jiand  path,  and  to  be;ware  of  turning  aside 320-326 

The  Pilgrim  finds  in  his  path  a  spirit,  who  is  speaking  to  his 

crucified  body  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     32G-331 

Grace  Dieu  explains  how  the  body  hinders  tlie  soul,  and  points 

the  Pilgrim  to  the  Cross  of  Christ  for  lielp  ...         ...         ...     332-344 

The  Pilgrim  is  led  by  Youth  into  the  wrong  path  344-346 

The  Pilgririi  is  assailed  on  his  way  by  Gluttony.  The  con- 
versation which  he  has  with  her       ...         ...     346-355 

The  Pilgrim  is  assailed  b}'  Venus,  who  describes  her  doings  ...     355-365 

Gluttony  and  Venus  bind  and  ill-treat  the  Pilgrim  and  another      366-370 

How  the  Pilgrim  is  caught  and  bound  by  Sloth,  and  of  the  con- 
versation that  they  hold  together      ...         ...         ...         ...     371-378 

The  Pilgrim  meets  Pride  riding  on  an  ugly  old  woman.     She 

describes  her  lineage,  cliaructer  and  instruments  ...         ...     378-394 

Pride's  servant  Flattery      ...         ...         ...         ...     395-398 

The  Pilgrim  meets  Envy  and  her  two  daughters.     The  linenge 

and  characteristics  of  Envy,  and  her  conversation  ...     398-403 

Envy's  daughter  Treason 403-410 

Envy's  daughter  Detraction  410-417 

The  Pilgrim  fights  with  Envy  and  her  daughters  ...         ...     417-418 

The  Pilgrim  is  assailed  by  Wrath,  and  defends  himself  with  his 

sword     ...         418-425 

Tribulation  and  her  two  Commissions  from  Adonay  and  Satan. 
She  casts  the  Pilgrim  to  the  ground  and  beats  him  at  her 
will.     They  converse  together  ...         ...         425-436 

The  Pilgrim  in  his  great  trouble  makes  his  prayer  to  our  Lady, 
according  to  the  counsel  of  St.  Bernard,  and  Tribulation 
leaves  him         437-458 

The  Pilgrim  finds  Avarice,  who  has  six  hands  and  a  hump  and 
an  idol  on  her  head,  and  asks  her  the  meaning  of  these 
things     ...         459-462 

Avarice  shows  the  Pilgrim  how  she  is  the  ruin  of  churches  and 

kings      ...    •     ...         463-467 

The  meaning  of  the  six  hands  and  of  the  deformity  of  Avarice       468-490 

Of  Avarice's  idol      491-492 

How  the  Pilgrim  escapes  from  Avarice  and  finds  a  Messenger 
who  wishes  to  had  him  to  the  pavilion  of  his  mistress 
Necromancy,  aiid  of  the  conversation  they  hold  together 
about  invocations         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     493-505 

The  Pilgrim  meets  Heresy,  who  wishes  him  to  re-model  his 

scrip       '...         505-507 

The  Pilgrim  finds  Satan  in  the  form  of  a  Hunter,  who  is  spread- 
ing nets  and  lines  upon  the  sea  and  the  land.  Their 
conversation  concerning  the  sea  and  the  people  swimming 
in  it        ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     507-51? 


Ixxvi*  Table  of  Contents. 

PAnES 

The  Pilgrim,  trusting  in  his  staff,  begins  to  swim  in  the  sea,  but 

is  cast  up  on  Fortune's  wheel  ...         ...         ...         ...     518-525 

The  Pilgrim,  being  in  great  peril  in  the  sea,  makes  a  prayer  to 
the  Virgin  Mary,  the  stanzas  of  which  .commence  accord- 
ing to  the  letters  of  the  alphabet      ...         525-533 

The  Pilgrim  finds  on  an  island  Astronomy  and  Astrology,  who 

argue  with  him  about  the  influence  of  the  stars     ...         ...     534-550 

The  four  disciples  of  Astrology,  especially  Geomancy  ...         ...     651-554 

The  Pilgrjm  re-enters  the  sea  and  swims  to  another  island, 
where  he  finds  Idolatry  and  sees  a  churl  worshipping  an 
imago     ...         ...         ...         ...     _    ...         ...         ...         ...     555-561 

The  Pilgrim,  being  on  an  island,  is  seized  by  Sorcery  or  Bithal- 

assus,  who  tells  fortunes  by  the  hand  and  face       ...         ...     561-568 

The  Pilgrim,  being  on  a  rock,  is  assailed  by  the  Enchantress 

Conspiracy  and  her  dogs        ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     569-572 

The  Pilgrim  sees  in  a  trance  a  revolving  tower,  in  which  is 
Syren,  pr  worldly  gladness,  who  tells  him  the  meaning  of 
the  tower,  and  casts  him  into  the  sea,  whence  he  escapes  by 
the  aid  of  Youth  573-577 

Grace  Dieu  brings  a  ship  to  the  Pilgrim,  who  is  lamenting  his 

fate  on  a  desert  island  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     578-581 

Grace  Dieu  causes  the  Pilgrim  to  wash  in  the  cistern  of  the  tears 

of  repentance 582-587 

Grace  Dieu  causes  the  Pilgrim  to  enter  the  ship,  in  which  are 

several  castles  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...     588-590 

The  Pilgrim  chooses,  in  the  ship  of  Grace  Dieu,  the  castle  of 
Citeaux,  and  comes  before  the  Porter,  Dread  of  GOD,  in 
order  to  enter  it  590-592 

The  Pilgrim  finds  in  the  cloister  of  Citeaux  Lesson  and  Ilagio- 

graphy  593-602 

The   Pilgrim  meets  Obedience  with  her  File  Discipline,  and 

Abstinence,  with  her  Gorger  Sobriety  ...         ...         ...     603-604 

In  the  house  of  Citeaux  the  Pilgrim  sees  Chastity,  Poverty,  and 

Impatient  Poverty,  and  converses  with  them         ...         ...     G05-608 

The  Pilgrim  finds  in  the  Monastery  Prayer,  with  her  box  and 

targe,  acting  as  messenger  to  Heaven  ...         ...         ...     609-612 

The  handmaid  Latria,  who  keeps  the  Castle       ...         ...         ...     612-613 

Obedience  binds  the  feet  and  hands  of  the  Pilgrim        ...         ...     614-615 

Detraction,    Treason,   and    Envy  brenk   into  the   Castle,  and 

wickedly  torment  and  beat  the  Pilgrim       ...         ...         ...     615-618 

The  Pilgrim  complains  of  the  evil  done  to  him  by  Detraction, 
Treason,  and  Envy,  but  refuses  to  curse  them  as  Ovid  bids 

him         619-621 

An  Acrostic  on  the  name  of  Guillaume  de  Deguileville  ...     621-623 

The  King  orders  the  arrest  of  the  Pilgrim's  foes  ...         ...     624-62G 

The  Pilgrim  visits  religious  orders.  Grace  Dieu  shows  him  an 
ill-conditioned  Convent  with  Abusion  at  its  head,  and  tells 
him  what  shall  be  the  fate  of  such  houses 626-640 


Table  of  Contents.  Ixxvii* 

PAOES 

Purveyance  sliows  the  Pilgrim  where  she  puts  tlie  goods  of  her 

Abbey,  and  how  they  are  wasted      ...         ...         ...         .;.  640-643 

The  Pilgrim  meets  Apostasy         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  643-64G 

Old  Age  and  Sickness  warn   the    Pilgrim  of  the  approach  of 

Death 64G-651 

Mercy  comforts  the  Pilgrim,  being  sick   ...         ...         ...         ...  652-G58 

The  Messengers,  Prayer  and  Alms.   The  Pilgrim  chooses  Pniyer 

as  his  messenger  to  Paradise  ...         ...         ...         ...  658-601 

Death  assails  the   Pilgrim,  and    causes  him   to  render  up  his 

spirit      ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  662-C65 


FOKEWOKDS. 

As  DeGuileville's  Pelerinage — or  some  abstract  or  report  of  it — 
was  supposed  to  have  been  the  original  of  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress} or  to  have  suggested  the  subject  to  him,  I  got  one  of  our 
copiers,  the  late  "William  "Wood — afterwards  a  Eeader  at  our  printers', 
Austins  of  Hertford — to  copy  Lydgate's  verse  englishing,  some  20 
■syears  ago,  from  the  only  two  imperfect  MSS.  of  it  then  in  the 
British  Museum,  Vitellius  C  13  and  Tiberius  A  7.  Mr.  J.  Meadows 
CoAvper  kindly  wrote  sidenotes  to  most  of  the  copy.  About  six  years 
ago,  Mr.  G.  N.  Currie,  M.  A.  Lond.,  a  school-master,  undertook  to  edit 
it,  and  sent  it  to  Clays  as  fit  for  press.  On  his  sad  death  two  years 
back,  I,  as  the  Society's  man-of-all-work,  had  to  take  it  up,  and,  after 
trying  in  vain  to  fill  up  the  burnt  parts  of  the  Vitellius  MS.  in  the 
first  four  sheets  of  proof,  I  luckily  came  on  the  Stowe  MS.  952  of  the 
poem,  with  a  capital  text,  which  had  escaped  the  notice  of  our  great 
teacher  in  MS.  Eomances,  Henry  "Ward,  thro'  not  having  been  fully 
described  in  the  Stowe  catalog  of  Lord  Ashburnham.  This  MS.  has 
only  about  two-thirds  of  Lydgate's  englishing ;  but  that  worthy  old 
tailor  John  Stowe, — whom  all  MS.  folk  honour, — hating  a  vacuum, 
as  Nature  does,  copied  into  his  MS.^  the  missing  part,  from  another 
MS.;  and  tho'  he  modernised  the  spelling  somewhat,  and  cut  off  a  lot 
of  final  ees,  his  text  has  enabled  me  to  fill  up  the  gaps  left  by  the  two 

1  See  Miss  Isabella  K.  Gust's  two  books  :  1.  The  ancient  Poem  of  Guillaume 
de  Guileville,  entitled  Le  Pelerinage  de  V Homme,  compared  with  the  Pilgrim's 
Progress  of  John  Bunyan,  London  1858  ;  2.  A  Modern  prose  Translation  (that 
is.  Abstract)  of  .  .  The  PyJgrymage  of  Man,  London  1859,  &c. 

^  This  MS. ,  Stowe  952,  is  no  doiibt  the  one  that  Thos.  Speght  alluded  to  in 
his  List  of  Lydgate's  works  at  the  end  of  his  Siege  of  Thebes,  Fol.  394,  in  Chau- 
cer's JVorJces,  1598,  ed.  Speght.  In  his  '  Catalogue  of  translations  and  Poeticall 
deuises,  in  English  mitre  or  verse,  done  by  John  Lidgate,  Monke  oi  Bury, 
whereof  some  are  extant  in  Print,  the  residue  in  the  custodie  of  him  [John 
Stowe]  that  first  caused  this  Siege  of  Thebes  to  be  added  to  those  works  of  G. 
Chaucer'  [1551],  the  3rd  entry  is  '  Pilgrimage  of  the  world,  by  coramandement 
of  the  Earle  of  Salisbury,  1426.' 


vi  Forcivords.     Lydgate  and  Bunyan. 

Cotton  MSS.,  and  thus  secure  the  Society  the  complete  poem.  As  his 
master  Chaucer  had  englisht  DeGuileville's  ABC  poem  to  the  Virgin, 
Lydgate  left  a  space  for  it  to  be  copied  in ;  ^  and  this  will  be  fild 
below  by  the  best  of  the  versions  I  printed  for  the  Chaucer  Society, 
in  my  Parallel-Text  Minor  Poems. 

Seeing  that  the  main  interest  of  Lydgate's  poem — supposing  his 
verse  to  deserve  that  name — is  its  supposed  relation  to  Bunyan's 
world-known  work,  I  suppose  our  members  will  read  enough  of  it  to 
settle,  each  in  his  own  mind,  whether  this  Pilgrimage  had  anything 
to  do  with  the  Pilgrim's  Progress.  I  don't  think  it  had ;  for  De- 
Guileville's main  object  was  to  expound  and  enforce  the  chief  articles 
of  Romanist  doctrine  by  any  arguments,  however  absurd,  as  where 
the  Pilgrim  has  to  get  his  eyes  taken  out  and  put  in  his  ears  (p.  164), 
so  that  his  hearing  may  make  him  believe  that  bread  and  wine  are 
turnd  into  Christ's  body  and  blood,  though  his  sight  tells  him  the 
substances  are  unchanged. 

The  only  pretty  page  in  the  volume  is  that  on  the  renewing  of 
Nature  by  Spring,  p.  92.  Of  the  literary  quality  of  the  rest  of  the 
verse,  the  less  that's  said,  the  better ;  but  of  course  the  text  is  of 
worth  for  its  words,  metre,  and  grammar,  and  its  gauge  of  religious 
folks'  minds  in  the  14th  and  15th  centuries. ^  Lydgate  (at  the  bidding 
of  the  7th  Lord  Salisbury^)  englisht  the  second  and  expanded  version 
of  DeGuileville's  poem,  made  a.d.  1335,  the  first  having  been  written 
in  1330-1.  There  is  no  copy  of  this  second  version  in  the  British 
Museum,  MS.  or  printed ;  but  Mr.  Alfred  Huth  has  kindly  let  me 
make  extracts  from  his  copy  of  the  old  print,  to  show  how  Lydgate 
treated  his  original.  In  the  following  sample  he  englishes  148  lines 
of  French  in  254  of  English,  which  include  his  definitions  of  the 
three  words  Original,  Posterity,  Transgression.  For  another  sample, 
see  p.  201-4,  after  the  third  Latin  poem. 

^  The  prose  englisher  lifts  Chaucer's  poem  into  his  text  as  if  it  were  his  own : 
p.  165-70,  Roxb.  Chib  ed.  of  DeGuileville's  first  version. 

^  Comijare  the  present  fuss  about  ritualism,  incense,  &c. 

^  See  Cokayne's  grand  Peerage,  vii.  36.  Lord  S.  got  his  death-wound  at  the 
Siege  of  Orleans  in  1428.  His  second  wife  was  Alice,  daughter  and  heir  of 
Thomas  Chaucer  of  Ewelme,  widow  of  Sir  Jn.  Philip.  Her  tliird  husband  was 
AVilliam  de  la  Pole,  first  Duke  of  Suffolk.  She  would  no  doubt  appreciate  Lyd- 
gate's praise  of  her  husband's  relative,  not  father,  Geotfrey  Chaucer. 


Foreivords.     Extract  from  DeGuiUville' s  French.         vii 


{For  compariaon  tvith  p.  26—32,  I.  967—1220 
Lydgate.) 

1  H  Bien  vueil,  dis  ie,  quainsi  soit  fait. 

Mais  ce  seroit  raison  et  droit           [Fo.  iiuj  968   Lepeieiin 

Que  ie  sceusse  pourquoy  baigner  969 

4  Me  fault  ycy,  et  quel  niestier  970-1 

En  est  /  quant  assez  laue  suy  972 

Et  point  ne  suis  ort  ne  honny,  973 

Ceste  eau  est  froide  /  et  ie  suis  net ;  976 

8  Et  aduis  mest,  se  ie  my  meet,  977 

Quen  tres  grant  peril  ie  feray  ;  978 

Et  plus  net,  estre  nen  pourray.  979-80 

U  Or  escoute,  dist  elle  lors;  981    gmcecUeu 

12  Sassez  net  tu  es  par  dehors,  982 

Si  ne  les  tu  mye  par  dedens,  983 

Pour  la  cause  de  tes  parens,  987 

Qui,  de  loriginal  peclie,  986 

16  Tout  enlaidy  et  entache  ;  985-989 

Duquel  estre  tu  ne  pourroies  990 

Bien  laue,  se  ycy  ne  lestoies.  991-2 

Encores  que  ce  ie  taidasse,  993-4 

20  Et  que  Ie  bain  sainctifiasse,  995-6 

Se  ia  nestoit  sainctifiez, 

Par  ainsi  suffiroit  assez  997 
Pour  toi  bien  lauer  par  dedens,                 998,  1001 
24  Selon  lequel  signifiemens 

Test  donne  leaue  par  dehors.  999 

U  Chiere  dame,  respondy  lors,  1003   Lepeienn 

Or  est  ma  doubte  moult  plus  grant  1004-5 

28  Quelle  nestoit  par  cy  deuant.  1006-7 

Exposez  moy  ce  quauez  dit,  1008-9 

Ou  mal  en  feroye  mon  profit.  1010 

IT  Quant  dieu,  dist  elle,  adam,  ton  pere,     1011-12   giacedieu 

32  Eut  cree  /  et  eue,  ta  mere,  1012-14 

II  leur  fist  si  grant  courtoisie,  1015-17 

Et  leur  donna  tele  franchise,  1018 

Quilz  pouoient  viure  sans  languir,  1019-21 

36  Sans  necessite  de  mourir;  1022-3 

Et  tel  grace  leur  octroya,  1023 


viii        Foreivords.     Extract  from  DcGuilcville's  French. 

[Grace  Dieii.-j  Que  rectitude  leur  donna, 

Et  droiz  les  fist  en  liberte,  1024 

40  Et  franchise  de  volente  1025 

Pour  bien  garder  en  eulx  droicture  1026-7 

Selon  iustice  par  mesure,  1028 

En  tel  maniere  que  le  corps  1029 

44  Obeissoit  a  son  ame  lors  ;  1030 

Et  si  rendoient  subiection  1031 

Les  forces  basses  a  raison,  1032-3 

Ce  quest  bas  /  a  ce  que  dessus,  '■  1034 

48  Les  moins  dignes  /  aux  dignes  plus.  1035-7 

Et  telle  ordonnance  pouoit  1041-2 

Estre  bien  dicte,  qui  voiildroit  1043-5 

Vne  instice  originel,  1046 

52  Qua  tes  parens,  dieu,  pour  chatel  1047-9 

Et  lieritaige  anoit  donne  1049 

Pour  ceulx  de  leur  posterite  •  1050 

Herediter  /  a  tousiours  niais,  1051-5 

56  Se  point  ne  se  fussent  meffaiz.  1055-6 
Mais  saiches  que  moult  se  meffirent ; 

Car,  a  leur  dieu  ilz  desobeirent,  1057 

Et  perdirent  lauctorite  1058-60 

60  De  quoy  dessns  ie  tay  parle  ;  1061 

Cest,  que  niourir  les  conuiendroit,  1062 

Et  que  plus  a  eulx  ne  seroit  1063 

Lobedience  de  deuant ;  1064 

64  Car  cil  qui  nobeist  au  plus  grant  1065 

Qui  le  serue,  trouuer  ne  doit,  1066 

Ne  qua  luy  obeisse  par  droit.  1067-70 

Adam  a  dieu  a  desobey  :  1071-2 

68  Bien  fut  dont  raison  que  celuy  1073 

Quil  auoit  en  subiection,  1074-7 

Aussi  lui  fist  rebellion.  1078 

A           /^-^  ^®  diray  comment  en  va  :  1079-84 

72  V^     Se  vng  bon  fort  chastel  donne  a  1088 

Le  roy  /  a  vng  sien  cheualier,  1085 

Pource  quil  ame,  et  quil  la  cher,  1086 

Afin  que  sil  est  bien  feal,  1087 

76  Bien  obeissant  et  bien  loyal, 

Qua  luy  et  ses  hoirs  tousiours  soit ;  1088-97 


ForeioorcU.     Extract  from  DcGuileviUe's  French.  ix 

Mais  sainsi  est  qua  feal  ne  soit,  1098   yorace  meu.^ 

Et  le  chastel  ainsi  perdu  1100-1 

80  II  ait  /  ou  len  luy  ait  tolu.  1101  ' 

Ce  nest  pas  raison  /  en  verite,  1102 

Que  ses  hoirs  en  soient  herite  ;  1103 
Car  combien  quauant  leur  fcust  deu, 

84  lis  lont  par  leux  pere  perdu.  1105 

II  Aux  premiers  parens  dieu  donna  [llOG-7] 

Justice  original,  dont  ia  ^  1108 

Tay  parle,  par  condition  1116 

88  Que  sa  luy  nul  rebellion  1115 
Ilz  ne  faisoient  /  il  octroyoit 
Quelle  fust  a  trestous  par  droit 

Ceulx  qui  de  leur  posterite  -  1117 
92  Servient  desormais  engendre, 

Or  est  que,  quant  ilz  desobeirent  1121-5 
Icelle  iustice  perdirent.  1122,  1126 
Aux  hoirs  ne  la  peurent  donner, 

96  Et  ilz  nen  peurent  heriter.  1127 

Mais  ne  fust  la  transgression  ^  1129 

A  eulx  eust  este  par  raison,  1134-5 

Done,  se  tu  as  enten dement,  1136-7 

100  Veoir  tu  peulx  bien  apertemcnt,  1138 

Que  eel  original  peche  1139-42 

De  quoy  ie  te  voz  entache,  1143 

Que  cest  carence  de  iustice  1144 

104  Original  /  en  celluy  qui  /  ce  1145 

Deusist  auoir  en  verite  1146-7 

Par  cause  de  posterite.  1148 

IT  Dame,  dis  ie  moult  esbahis,  1149-50   Lepeieriu 

108  Me  faictes,  de  voz  diuers  dis,  1151 

Qui  ne  sentre-suiuent  de  rien  ;  1152 
Et  croy  que  vous  le  sauez  bien. 

Vous  dictes  quil  me  fault  lauer,  1153-4 

112  Pour  ma  laidure  hors  iecter ;  1155 

Et  vous  nommez  tele  laidure,  1156-7 

'  Tache  originale,  et  ordure ' ;  1158 

^  Lydgate's  definition  of  Original  takes  up  lines  1109-13. 
^  Lydgate's  definition  of  Posterity  takes  up  lines  1119-21. 
^  Lydgate's  definition  of  Transgression  takes  up  lines  1130-3. 


X  Forewords.     Extract  from  DeG'uilevillc's  French. 

ILePeierh,.]           Laqucllc  iicst  foi's  quc  carcHcc  1159-60 

IIG  Do  cGste  iustice,  et  absence.  1160-1 

Or  me  semble  que  lauement  1162-3 

Nest  besoing  a  defaillement,  1164 

Ains  vauldroit  il  mieux  j^ar  raisou  1165 

120  Aucune  restitution.  1166 

grace  dieu           H  Certes,  dist  elle,  il  est  tout  voir,  1167-8 

Qui  beaulte  na  /  que  doit  auoir,  1169-70 

Nest  pas  sans  vilte  et  ordure,  1171 

124  Voire  et  si  peult  estre  dordure  1172 

Souuentesfoys  commencement,  1173 

Et  grant  cause  et  nourricement :  1174 

Com,  saucun  /  point  de  nez  nauoit,  1175-6 

128  Lequel  par  raison  auoir  doit,  1177 

A  luy  ce  seroit  grant  laidure,  1178-9 

Et  me  pourroit  estre  /  quordure  1180-1 

Aucune  /  apres  ne  sensuiuit,  1182-4 

132  Dont,  saiches  par  ce  que  iay  dit,  1185 

Se  nas  iustice  originel  1186 

Quauoir  deusses  /  par  laqucl  bel  1187-8 

Feusses  /  que  nes  pas  sans  laidure;  1189-90 

136  Et  mesmement  quant  en  ordure  1192 

De  charnelle  concupiscence  1193 

Tousiours  enchez  /  sans  resistence  1202 

Faire,  tele  comme  tu  deusses,  1203 

140  Se  la  grant  beaulte  tu  eusses  1204-10 

Que  te  perdirent  pere  et  mere,  1208-9 

Quapres  eulx  tout  cliascun  compere.  1211-12 

Lcpeieiiii           IT  Or  dictes  (dis  ie)  ie  vous  pry,  1213-14 

144  Sen  se  lauement,  restably  1215 

[Fo.  v]            Et  restituG  point  seroy  1216 

De  la  iustice  quauoir  doy  ;  1217 

Et  se  lord  e  concupiscence  1219 

148  Adnullce  me  sera  \)^x  ce.  .  .  .  1220 

Note.     Martews,  p.  234,  1.  8433. 
Et  cinc(|  pien-es  1  met  petites  I        Dont  puceles  as  vmrtiaus  geuent, 

Du  rivagc  de  iner  eslites,  \        Quant  bclos  et  rondes  les  treucnt. 

r,o',ium  de  la  Fum  21767—70.     iv.  320,  BlU.  Elzcv. 
Joucr  aux  martcmix,  signiliat  lancer  dcs  petits  cailloux  ronds  en  I'air  pour 

les  recevoir  dans  I'une  et  I'autre  main  ,en  les  faisant  choquer.  C'est  un  jeu 
analogue  a  notre  jeu  d'osselets  ;  ih. — v.  216-7. 

Ossclds.     The  game  tcarmcd  Cockall  or  Hucklebones.     1611  Cotgravc. 


Forctvords.     Amalgamated  'to.'     A  syllahlc  as  afoot,     xi 

TliG  two  points  that  strike  me  most  on  reading  Lydgatc's  poem, 
are,  1.  the  large  number  of  times  in  which  he  has  run  the  preposition 
to  into  the  next  vowel-beginning  word,  like  tave,  to  have  ;  tal,  to  all ; 
talyved,  to  have  lived ;  and  2.  the  many  instances  in  which  a  single 
unemphatic  syllable  does  duty  for  the  first  measure  of  a  line,  and 
rarely  that  of  a  half-line  after  the  pause. 

As  examples  of  (1),  take 
Telpe  the  in  thy  pylgrymage  22/815 
Tescape  the  wawe  of  euery  streem  25/951 
Tahjoed^  euere,  thys  no  lesynge  21  jioic) 
^Neuer  tave  had  necessyte  27/1022 
Lyk  ta-nvjf/Jifi/  champyoun  47/1766 
In  fa  pulpet  that  ther  stood  64/2385 
Tal^  pylgrymes  in  ther  myscheff  193/7 150 
The  taforce  in  thy  dyffence  21 7/7 769 
Tarme^  a  man  in  chastyte  217/7 7 78 

As  restoring  the  fo  sometimes  mends  the  metre,  the  reader  may 
perhaps  put  the  amalgamation  down  to  Lydgate's  scribe.     I  don't. 

As  examples  of  (2),  take 
Of  /  the  gate  /  was  chelf  /  porter  IO/357 
As  /  yt  hadde  /  only  /  by  grace  23/866 
As  /  a  plac/e  most  /  royal  23/871 
And  /  to  hyr  /  thus  I  /  abrayde  23/878 
And  /  to  put  /  the  out  /  of  doute  20/947 
Of  /  ther  synne  /  oryg/ynal  33/1255 
And  /  tavoyd/en  fro  /  thys  place  47/1757 
Of  /  ryht,  as  /  he  ouht/e  do  8I/3052 
Of  /  thylke  /  muta/cioun  94/3542 
A/batyd  /  &  set  /  a-sydo  IO2/3847 
And  /  yt  wer  /  abus/youn  IO2/3852 
Lych  /  as  wry/teth  Y/saye  IO2/3853 
And  /  with  hum/ble  cher  /  &  face  104/3 947 
Of  /  the  wych  /  as  thouh/te  me  IO5/3987 
The  /  relelf  /  wher  as  /  he  stood  1 34/51 15 
To  /  be  gyrt  /  for  syk/ernesse  2OI/7205 

^  Cp.  I  myghte  beter  ca  mendyt  yt  7/253  [a  =  have] 

2  To  all.     Tyl  St.     Cp.  To  al  pylgryiues  in  tlic-r  way  2I/7S9 

3  To  arme  St. 


xii      Forewords.     One  Syllable  as  a,  Measure.     Final  '  c' 
After  the  pause  I  have  carelessly  noted  only 

Therof  /  holy  /  the  /  mancre  9/321 

Tliys  horn/yd  best  /  and  /  tenchasc  47/1758 

Lyst  /  the  wyu  /  wer  /  to  strong  59/2229 

In  the  second  line,  the  restoration  of  to  would  make  it  normal. 
But  the  student  will  find  plenty  of  irregularities,  as  he  reads.  In 
55/2047,  'That  j  ye  he  I  thys  /  no  fable,'  thys  is  emphatic. 

In  marking  the  e  for  the  scansion  I  have  occasionally  made  mis- 
takes, as  on  p,  138-9,  where  'Esau'  should  have  been  treated  as  a 
3-syllabled  word,  since  it  rymes  with  'vertu,'  1.  5299,  5310.  Line 
5280  I  should  now  scan  'Clad  /  in  E  /  sa-w/ys  wede,'  1.  5297  as 
'E/sa-u  /  to  sette  /  abak,'  and  1.  5300  as  'Took  /  lacob  /  for  E/sa-u.' 
'Swych  /  ten  /  in  quantyte,'  136/5 205,  ^^Y  want  mending  to 
'  Swychii.'     I  haven't  markt  all  the  ee's  that  need  sounding. 


XIU 


AFTEKWORDS. 

BY  F.  J.  FURNIVALL. 

"Ladies  tirst"  is  a  good  rule,  so  my  Forewords  of  1899  to 
Part  I,  together  with  these  Afterwords,  had  better  follow  Miss 
Locock's  Introduction,  etc. 

Two  mistakes  on  p.  vi  have  to  be  corrected. 

1.  It  is  only  in  MSS.  of  the  2nd  version  of  De  Guileville  that  the 
Ijritisli  Museum  is  deficient:  of  prints  it  has  botli  Petit's  (HSOO) 
and  Verard's  (1511)  of  the  3  pilgrimages,  man,  the  soul,  and  Jesus 
Christ.  2.  For  'husband's'  in  the  last  line  of  note  3,  read  'fatlier's.' 
jSo  conclusive  evidence  has  yet  been  produced  that  Tliomas  Chaucer 
was  Geolfi'ey's  son. 

To  the  top  list  on  p.  xi  of  to  run  into  its  next  vowel-beginning 
word,  add — 

tadwellyd,  26O/9422,  to  have  dwelt. 

tassaye,  262/9502,  to  assay,  try. 

tassaylle,  276/10,059,  ^*^  assail. 

Compare  (make)  maryue,  27O/9802,  me  arrive. 

With  regard  to  the  supposed  omission  iu  the  prose  tract  on  the 
Virgin  as  the  Consolation  of  Afflicted  Hearts,  p.  447,  the  original 
Latin  in  Verard's  edition  of  '  Le  pelerinage  de  Ihomme,'  Fueillet, 
Ixv,  col.  1  at  foot,  shows  that  nothing  is  left  out.  Lydgate's  words  at 
the  foot  of  p.  446  and  on  p.  447,  english  and  paraphrase  this  Latin  : 

"  Et  ideo  tibi  possum  dicere  illud  Hieremie  xiiii^  :  '  Spes  mea  tu  / 
in  die  afflictionis.'  Et  hec  est  prima  cousolatio  mea,  que  est  me?^tis 
spes  oppresse  percipio  ad  ociilum.  Tu  secunda  consolatio  mea  est, 
quia  cum  desinat  [col.  2]  mundus  esse,  non  desinis  in  seculum,  Tu 
es.  Si  visione  stelle  maris  oculuni  mundi  claudente  nocturno  super- 
cilio  gaudewt  nauigantes  in  mari  /  non  solum  quia  mica?js  et  rutillans 
apparet,  sed  etiam  quia  semper  fixa  existens,  erra»,tes  ipsos  diriget,  & 
WMnqxunn  te«dit  ad  occasum  ;  multomagis  ego,  in  mari  hoc  magno  et 
spacioso^  positus,  in  mari  utiqz^e  vbi  sunt  reptilia  quoru«i  no??  est 

^  That   is,   xvii.    17:     'Non   sis   tu    mihi   fovmidiui,   spus   mea   in   in    die 
afflictionis.'  -  spaciosa,  Verard. 


xiv  Aftervjords.     Lydgates  Poetic  Worth. 

nunierus  in  mari,  vbi  circumquaqMe  vndis  tribulationum  impetu  et 
perflatu  spiritus  procellarum  coiicutitur  cordis  mei  /  gaudete  &  con- 
solari  debeo,  turn  cognosce  et  scio  te  esse  signnm  directum  veniendi 
ad  salutis  portum,  dum  percipio  te  verissimam  stellam  maris.  Stel- 
1am,  \w(\uain,  a  stando  dictam.  ..." 

For  1.  16945,  etc.,  the  poem  on  pages  454-5,  Verard's  edition, 
Fueillet,  Ixvi  back,  col.  1,  has : 

"Ergo  bea^a  miseros,  quoru7»  te  clausa  beauit,  Ecce  quomodo  te 
iura  te  vendicare  possum,  esse  refugium  meum,  Hieremie  .xvi.  [19] 
'  fortitudo  mea^  et  robur  meum  [et  refugium  meum]  in  die  tribula- 
tionis.'  Et  in  hoc  consistit  quarta  co?^solatio  mea,  quia  ius  exigit,  et 
necesse  esse  michi  hoc  patulum  Meum.  Et  sic  te  vendico  esse  illam 
per  quam  credo  consolari,  cum  dico  '  Tu  es  refugium  meum.'^ 
Secundo  tibi  fatur  expresse  a  quo  scio  me  fugari  A  tribulatione. 
[16983  L.]  Si  dicere  vellem  (]iiod  voluntate  spontanea  ad  te  venis- 
sem,  qwof?  deuotione  non  coacta  ad  te  fugissem,  vere  et  in  me  Veritas 
nulla  esset,  et  oculos  tue  circuraspectionis  latere  \\Mm.(\uam  posset."  .  . 

Supposing  that  the  Latin  tract  printed  by  Yerard  was  a  copy  of 
that  in  the  MS.  which  Lydgate  used,  he  has  treated  it  with  great 
freedom,  adding  to  it  in  many  places,  and  shortening  it  in  others. 
The  French  lines  that  are  substituted  for  it  in  Pe tit's  edition — which 
I  promist,  in  the  note  on  p.  624  of  the  text,  to  print  here,  have  already 
been  printed  by  Miss  Locock  on  p.  684. 


In  mitigation  of  the  general  opinion  as  to  the  poorness  of 
Lydgate's  verse.  Prof.  Churton  Collins  urges  that  credit  should 
be  given  him  for  some  beautiful  lines — one  out  of  more  than  a 
hundred  poor  stanzas — in  his  Testament,  and  in  other  works  where 
he  describes  the  spring  and  outward  nature.  The  Testament  stanza 
is  the  118th  and  last : 

"  Tarry  no  longer  toward  thy  heritage  ; 

Haste  on  thy  way,  &  be  of  riglit  good  chere ; 
Go  each  day  onward  on  thy  pilgrimage ; 

Thiuk  how  short  time  thou  shalt  abiden  here ! 
Thy  place  is  built  above  the  starres  clere, 

No  earthly  palace  wrought  so  stately-wise  ; 
Come  on  my  friend,  my  brother,  most  entere  ! 
For  thee  I  gave  my  blood  in  sacrifise." 

Minor  Poems  (1840),  p.  261  (modernised  &  emended). 

^  meo,  Veravd. 

2  Tu  es  refugium  meum  a  tribulatione. — Ps.  xxxi.  7.  Fortitudo  mea  et 
refugium  meum  es  tu. — Ps.  xxx.  1.  Firmameutura  meum  et  refugium  meum  es 
tu.— Ps.  Ixx.  3. 


Afterwords.     Lydgates  Poetic  Worth.  xv 

The  poet  Gray's  praise  of  him  should  also  be  rememberd.  See 
*'Some  Remarks  on  the  Poems  of  John  LyHgate"  in  Gray's  Works, 
Aldiue  edition,  1858,  v.  292,  etc.,  or  i.  387-409,  etc.,  ed.  Gosse, 
1884: 

p.  397.  "  To  return  to  Lydgate.  I  do  not  pretend  to  set  him  on 
a  level  with  his  master,  Chaucer,  but  he  certainly  comes  the  nearest 
to  him  of  any  contemporary  writer  that  I  am  acquainted  with. 
His  choice  of  expression,  and  the  smoothness  of  his  verse,  far  surpass 
botli  Gower  and  Occleve "  []]. 

Gray  then  cites  five  stanzas  on  the  condemnation  to  death  of 
Canaco  for  incest  with  her  brother  Macareus,  including  her  appeal 
for  their  child  : 

Kut  welaway  !  most  angelik  of  face, 

Our  childe,  young  in  his  pure  innocence, 

Shall,  agayn  right,  suffer  death's  violence. 
Tender  of  limbes,  God  wote,  full  guilteless, 
The  goodly  faire,  that  lieth  here  speechless. 

A  mouth  he  has,  but  wordis  hath  he  none ; 

Cannot  complaine,  alas  !  for  none  outrage, 
Nor  grutcheth  not,  but  lies  here  all  alone. 
Still  as  a  lambe,  most  meke  of  his  viskge. 
What  heart  of  stele  could  do  to  him  damage, 
Or  suffer  him  dye,  beholding  the  manere 
And  looke  benigne  of  his  tweine  eyen  clere  1 

Falle  of  Princes,  Bk.  I,  fol.  39. 

After  other  remarks  on  Lydgate's  pathos.  Gray  allows  "  that  in 
images  of  horror,  and  in  a  certain  terrible  greatness,  our  author  comes 
far  behind  Chaucer  .  .  yet  is  there  frequently  a  stiller  kind  of  majesty 
both  in  his  thought  and  expression,  which  makes  one  of  his  principal 
beauties.  The  following  instance  of  it  (I  think)  approaches  even  to 
sublimity  : 

God  hath  a  thousand  handfes  to  chastyse, 

A  thousand  dartes  of  punic'ion, 
A  thousand  bowes  made  in  uncowthe  wyse, 
A  thousand  arblastes  bent  in  his  doungeon, 
Orderid  each  one  for  castigacion  ; 

But  where  he  fyndes  mekenes  and  r^pentaunce, 

Mercy  is  mistresse  of  his  ordinaunce." — Ih.,  Bk.  I,  fol.  6. 

One  is  glad  to  hear  pleas  in  Lydgate's  favour,  and  to  allow  that 
here  and  there  a  nugget  of  ore  is  found  in  his  acres  of  clay,  but  his 
average  work  is  decidedly  below  Gower' s,  and  none  of  his  poems  of 


xvi  Afterwords.     Lydyates  Poetic  Worth. 

the  length  of  Hoccleve's  'Mother  of  God'  is  equal  to  tliat.^  He 
cannot  keep  on  the  wing.  If  he  does  get  a  few  lines  right,  now 
and  then,  he  generally  spoils  em  by  setting  wrong  ones  near  em  : 

The  remembrance  of  every  famous  knight — 

Ground  considred  built  on  rigldeousiiess, — 
Raiz  out  each  quarrel  that  is  not  built  on  right. 

Withoute  truth,  wliat  vaileth  high  noblesse  ] 
Laurear  of  mar tirs,  founded  on  holynesse  : 

White  was  made  red,  their  trium|jhs  to  disclose; 
The  white  lily  was  their  chaste  cleimesse ; 

Their  bloody  suH'erance  was  no  summer  rose. 

L.'s  Minor  Poems  (1840),  p.  26,  modernised. 

^  Prof.  W.  P.  Ker  agrees  in  this. 


Woildly  folk 
sliould  be 
wise  betimes, 


for  possession 
here  is 


[6  tresoure  St., 
tresour  C] 


DE  GUILLEVILLE'S  PILGRIMAGE  OF  THE 
LIFE  OF  MAN 

(englislit  by  Lydgate  in  1426,  from  the  2u(i  recension  of  De  Guille- 
ville's  Peleriiiage  de  vie  humainc,  A.D.  1355,  pr.  about  1500). 

prolog  of  ti)f  translator,  f  o|)u  Ugtigate. 

MS.  Cott.  Vitcl.  c.  xiii,  leaf  2. 

q     Vi  peregrinatis,  liunc  per  libru»i  docearis^ 
Que  bona  uel  dubia  s[it  f ugienda  -]  via.      [^  St.] 
[y]     8  worldly  folk,  avyse  yow  betymes  pst.] 

Wycli  in  thys  lyff  [ue]  ben  [but  as  pylgrimes^], 
Lyk  strau/zgerys  [ffer«  fro  youre  Cuntre^]  [*st.] 
^Vnfrau/ichysed  and  [voyde  off  lyberte];^  [}  st.]  4 

ffor  scliortly  here  yovre  poscessyon 

ys  yove  to  yow  /  but  for  a  scliort  sesou??, 

N^or  the  tresovre*^  wych  that  ye  possede 

ys  but  thyng  lent  /  ho  so  kan  take  hede, 

ffor  clerkys  seyn  /  how  [that]  aF  erthly  thyng  f  '^^^'c^' 

Stowndemel,  and  by  vnwar  chau??gyng^. 

Whan  folk  lest  wene  /  &  noon  hede  ne  take, 

Her  mayster  olde  ^  sodeyvdy  for-suke.     [» oWe  St.,  oia  c]    1 2 

Thyng  myn  to-day  /  a-nother  hath  to-morwe ; 

That  kam  wyth  loye  /  dej^arteth  ay  wyth  sorwe ; 

And  thyng  y wonne  wyth  loye  ^  and  gladnesse,  f'  l^^^ff ^ ' 

Ay  dysseuereth  wyth^*'  avo  and  hevynesse.   ['o  wytii  \v;tA  c] 

No  tresour  here,  wyth  0  man  wyl  abyde ; 

Who  strongest  halt  /  ther  rathest  hyt  wyl  slyde ; 

ffortune  ys  lady  /  w^'t7<  hyr  /  double  face. 

Of  every  thyng*  /  that  sodeynly  doth  pace ; 

Sche  pryncesse  ys  /  of  al  worldly  glorye, 

And  off  al  loye  that  ys  transytorye ; 

Sche  ys  off  chere^^  so  varyan«t  &  dovble, 

Hyr  kalm  ys  euere  meynt  with  wo  &  trovble, 

And  hyr  sugre  [ys]  vnder-spreynt  wyth  galle  : 

Thys  hyr  vsage  vn-to  estatys  alle, 

1  docearis.  Stowe  MS.  952.    The  Cott.  MS.  i.s  burnt  and  torn  at  the  top  all 

thro  ;  l.st  page  faint.    The  Stowe  MS.  was  once  in  tlie  possession  of  old  John 

Stowe,  the  famous  tailor  and  book-collector.     Xotes  in  his  writing  are  on 

Ivs.  1,  3,  4, 13,  besides  the  long  bit  he  copied  from  303  bk.  to  the  end,  379  bk. 

PILGRIMAGE.  B 


t  St.  f.Omni.i 
t«rena  per 

,    •     %'io[e8]  sunt 

-I        aliens. 

//  Nescio  sunt 
cuiK«  nunc  // 
eras  liuiK«  & 
h... 
only  for  a 
short  time. 


No  treasures 
will  remain 
here  with 
any  one. 


20 


[11  ehere  St., 
Che  C] 

24 


Fortune  de- 
ceives men 
ever, 


2  Lydgatas  Prolog.     Man's  Life  a  Pilgrwiage. 

[1  fayrest        To  scliewe  favrcst  "wlian  ^  sche  ys  most  to  drede  ; 

whanweSt.,  "^  ^  ' 

layres  wham   Of  livli  lie  lowli  sclie  taketli  110011  otlier  liede,  28 

ffor  wych  [let]  no  man  vp-oii  liyr  assure, 
ffor  sche  ys  lyke-  to  the  chavntcphire  ;    [^  lyUe  St.,  lyu  c] 

and  woe  ai-      "Wo  aftci"  loyc  &  after  soiiff  wepyii".^, 

ways  sue-  -^  o  i  J     o  j 

ceedsto  Thys  hyr  cvstoni  in  every  iiiaiier  thyii"  32 

pleasure,  j         d  >i  >;     o 

[leaf  2, back]    III  Oil  estate  she  neuere  dotli  coiityune.      [St.;  c.bumf] 
Thys  stormy  queii,  wych  callyd  ys  Fortune      [st.  &  c] 
Hyr  gyfftys  allt''  in  conckision),^  [c.  &st.] 

and  her  gifts    Be  iiot  but  ^ytfytys  ofE  confusioii).  [c.  &st.]      36 

always  end  In  OJ     J    J 

confusion.       ffor  worthyiiesse  in  Amies  nor  vyctorye  [c.  &  St.] 

st.]"^^"*"'     Arn  in  effect  but  thinges  transytorye  [st.  &c.] 

Nor  hih  conquest,  nor  domynaci'on,  [st.  &c.] 
Peplys  to  putte  in  subieccyon.  40 

It  al*  schal  passe  as  doth  a  sonier  flovr;  [*  it  c,  Aiie  St.] 

In  thys  world  here,'^  holdyng  no  soiovr  [^  st.  here,  her  c] 

No  tliyng  abyt,  shortly  for  to  wry te,  [st.  &c.] 

Good  lyff  exepte,  and  only  ovr  nieryte.  [c.  &  St.]      44 

Man's  life  Trustetli*^  thei'-for,  ye  folk  of  cuery  age,    [« Trusterth  C] 

is  only  a  pil-  '  ''  j       a    i 

giimage,         That  yowre  lyff  her  ys  but  a  pylgrymage  ; 

ffor  lyk  pylgrymes  ye  passe  to  &  ffro, 

Whos  loye  ys  euere  nieynt  A-mong'  wiilt  wo.  4(S 

Al"  worldly  bJyssii,  niedlyd  ys  w/t//  stryff ;  ["  ac,  Aiiest.] 

ffor  ay  the  cours,  of  thys  mortal  lyff, 
and  every  pii-   Eu-'/yycli  liovr  dotli  to  liys  liou^dvs  drawe  ; 

^rini  draws  ^  ^i  } 

daily  nearer .   To  al  pylgiyuies  kyiid  hatli  set  a  lawe,  52 

Eche  day  to  Renne  a  party  on  ther  way ; 
Olde^  iier  yong^,  ther  may  no  man  sey  nay,  \}  ouie  st.,  oid  c] 
Lyk  a  Ryuer  sterne,  and  of  gret  myght,      [»natst.,  ow.c] 
Ne  restyth  nat^  nouther  [by]  day  nor  nyght,  56 

To  liolde  hys  cours  as  ledeth  \\ym  the  streeni, 
Eyght  so,  pylgrymes  to-ward  lerusaleem 
Haste  ^*^  on  her  way  in  thys  world,  &  echone  [i"  Haste  on  st.] 

which  is         To-ward  that  cyte,  or  to  Babylone.  ictom']  60 

Jerusalem  or 

Babylon.         Lyk  tlier  merytes,  &  lyk  to  ther  degres. 
They  be  Eeceyved  at  on  of  thys  cytees, 
Ytakyn  inne,^^  so  as  they  dysserve  ;      ["  inne  st.,  in  c] 
And  deth,  ay  redy  wiili  hys  dart  to  kerue,  64 

Lyth  in  a-wayt,  dreJful  off  manacys. 
To  send  palmcrys  to  on  off  tliys  placys. 


Lydgate^s  Prolog.     Read  the  'Pilgrimage  dc  Monde!     3 

A-goyne  wlias^  stroke,  lielpetli  no  inedycyne,    [Mviiosst.]        [leaf  3] 

■Salue,  tryacle  /  but  grace  only  dyvyiie,  68  J?",'-'*;^^?™,'''-' 

ifolk  to  conveye  to  tlier  desyred  place :  againsUeath 

And  many  brygau?«t  the  weye  doth  manace, 

No  man  ys  sur  hyni  sylue«  to  diffend' ; 

Wherfore  I  rede,  lat  eue;y  whyht  a-mend'  72 

Hys  lyff  be  tyme,  whil  he  hath  liberte. 

And  that  folk  may  the  Ryhte  weye  se 
Best  assuryd  to-warde^  ther  passage,      [=  warde  St.,  wai-a  c]     so  every  man 

•^  _  I  o    7  sliould  amend 

Lat  hem  be-holde[n]  in  the  pylgrymage,  76  '"  '''"e. 

"Which  ^  callvd  ys  pylgrymage  de  movnde,  intiiePv/- 

In  the  wycli  fful  notably  ys  fovnde,    p  wiucii  st.,  whcu  c]  ^lomuie  tiiey 

Lernyd,  and  tavht,  who  can  weH  construe, 

AVliat  folk  schal  take,  &  wluit  they  schal  oschue.        SO 

In  thys  book,  yf  [that]  they  redii  yerne, 

Pylgrymes  schal  the  verray  t/'outhlJ-'  lerne, —  1^*  J''^"''"^,?*-'  "".v 'eani  ti.e 

•■'    o   J  J  J  Iroutli  C.J       tnitli ; 

yiff  they  sette  ther  trewe  djdlygence 

To  vnderstonde  clerly  tlie  sentence, —  84 

What  hyt  menyth,  &  the  moralyte ; 

Ther  they  may,  as  in  a  nierovr,  se 

holsom  thynges,  &  thynges  fuH  notable  ; 

What  ys  prevyd,  Sz  what  thyng  ys  dampnable,  88 

What  ys  holsom,  the  sovle  for  to  save, 

"Whan  the  body  ys  leyd  in  hys  grave.  n"is '*''*'"" 

And  to  knowe^  wych  be  cyteseyns,       p  unowe  St.,  know  c]     >^>i«st  be  good 

Trewe  burgeys,  &  eke*^  frau?dceleyns,     [« eke  St.,  ek  c]     92 

Wych  in  good  lyfE  and  vertu  do  excelle, 

In  lerusaleem  perpetually  to  duelle, 

Whan  the  lugge  &  Lord',  that  lyveth  evere. 

In  hys  doom  assovnder  shal  dysseuere  96 

Hys  chosci  shep,  wasshe  in  the  lamljys  blood.  At  last  some 

Wych  for  mankynde  starfE  vpon  the  rood ;  Jerusalem. 

And  putte  the  kydes  to  dampnac/on,  [st.  &c.]  [leaf  s,  back] 

■vvych  ha  noon  part  of  Crystys  passyon),  100 

Endlesly  there  to  lyve  in  peyne, 

Where  Lucyflfer  lyth  bovnden  in  his  chevne.  ""^i  ^"™e  *« 

■J  •!  .J  Lufifer, 

ffro  the  wych,  God  eue/'y  man  defende,  from  wbicii 

•^        '  •J  '  fate  God  de- 

And  graunte^  grace,  our  lyff  here  to  monde,    ["  graunte  St.,   fend  every 

^  o  }  J  3         grauiit  C]        man ; 

To-ffor  the  ffyn  of  ovie  pylgrymage. 

ifor,  save  hys  grace,  we  ha  noon  ava^intage, 


4     Lydgates  Prolog.     Lord  Salishnry  bids  him  cnglish  DcCh 

No  thyng  is^  clcyme  as  be  tytle  of  rylit,         [Uost.] 
But  of  mercy,  wycli  ay  lyth  in  liys  myght,  10& 

The  repent-     Vii-to  syniierys,  that  dej^e  reiDenta?ait, 
doued.  To  yive  pardoii)  off  liys  benyng^  graunt, 

[The]  Wych  ys  to  hem,  vii-to  ther  refut, 
Proteccyoii)  and  true  sauff-conduit,  112 

Hem  to  save,  that  thay  be  nat  lorn). 

And  thys  book,  the  wych  I  spake  off  to-fforn), 
The  -pyi-        I  mene,  the  book  Pylgrymage  de  Movnde, 
Moumie         MoraH  of  vertu,  of  matervs  ful  profovnde,  116 

made  lu  i  ^  t.  i 

Freiiciiisa      Maad  &,  co>/n)ylyd  in  the  Frenche  tonge, 

notable  book,  i.  J   J  o   > 

ffuH  notable  to  be  rad  &  songe. 
To  every  pylgryme,  vertuous  of  lyff. 
The  mater  is  /  so  co?<templatyff ;  120 

In  aH  the  book,  ys  not  lost  a  word'. 
Thys  consydred  fuH  wysly  of  my  lord' 
as  Lord  Saiis-   Of  Salvsbury,  the  noble  manly  knyht, 

bury, 

who  fought      "Wych  in  Fravnce,  for  the  kyn''ys  Kylit,  124  ■ 

in  France,  -^  '  J     r^J  J       > 

consideied  ^    In  the  Averrc  hath  meny  day  contunyd  ; 

Whom  God  &  grace  han  ful  wel  ffortunyd 

In  thenpryses  wych  he  hath  vndertake ; 

Lyff  and  godes,  for  the  kyngys  sake,  128 

Ivnyhtly  Inpartyd  thys  prince  vertuous ; 

Ay  in  the  ende  beyng*  victoryous, 

Swych  grace  &  Eur,  God  to  hyin  hath  sent, 

and  com-        Wych  gaff  me  tfyrst  in  comavndement  132 

inaiided  me  ^         a 

[leaf  4]       Thys  seyde  book  in  Englysshe  for  to  make, 

inVoTSuh.   ^^  ^  koude,  [al]  only  for  hys  sake. 

Be-cause  he  wolde  that  men  schold[e]  se. 

In  ovre  tonge,  the  grete  moralyte  136 

AVych  in  thys  book  ys  seyde  &  comprehendyd, 

That  yt  ne  myhte  (me  semyth)  be  Amendyd  ; 

The  auctour,  wych  tliat  dyde  hyt  Ifyrst  co/qiyle, 

So  vertuously  spent  ther-on  hys  whyle.  1-10 

And  loi.Uase   And  of  eutcnt  to  do  my  lord  plesawnce, 

him  I  will  do  •'  ^  ' 

"■>  a-  uu\y  as   Jn  byg  -worscheiK',  for  a  remembravnce, 

I  can.  J  L    '  ' 

As  I  am  boA'ndc  for  to  be  hys  man, 

I  wyl  translate  hyt  sothlj^  as  I  kan,  14  4 

After  the  Lttre,  in  ordre  effectuelly. 

Thogh  I  not  fohve  the  wordes  by  &.  by, 


The  year  in 
whicli  1  be- 
gan to  trans- 
late this  book 
was  A.D.  U26, 


when  my 
Lord  was  at 
Paris. 


Lydgatcs  Prolog.     lie  hcgan  A.D.  1426.     i7w  verse  is  had.     5 

I  schal  not  faille  teucliyng^'^  the  siibsta«.nce,  ['  touciiynge  st.] 
Thogh  on- makyng*  I  ha  no  sufFysa^^nce;     pinst.]     148 
ffor  my  wrytyng*,  in  co?iclusioii), 
js  al  yseyd  vncler  correcwn). 

And  of  the  tyme  playnly,  &  of  the  date 
Whan  I  be-gan  thys  book  to  translate,  152 

yt  was  a  thovsand  (by  co;/;putacion)) 
Affter  crystys  incarnacz'on), 
Ifour  hundryd  one/-,  nouther  fer  ne  nere, 
The  surples  ouer,  syxe  &  twenty  yere,  156 

My  lord  that  tynili  beyng^  at  Parys, 
Wych  gaff  me  charge,  by  hys  dyscrete  avys. 
As  I  seyde  erst,  to  sette  myn  entent 
Vp-on  thys  book  to  be  [ful]  dyllygent,  160 

And  to  be-gynne  vp-on  thys  lal)our, 
Alh"  folkys  be-sechyng<  of  ffavour, 
That  on  thys  book  after- ward  schal  rede ; 
And  that  hym  lyst  nat  to  taken  hede  164 

To  the  makyng*,  but  to  the  sentence ; 
ffor  I  am  bareyn  of  aH;  elocpience. 
Ther-for  I  pray,  what  so  that  be  seyde, 
[Off^  gentylljesse  not  to  be  evel  apayde,     P  St.,  c.  ijitnit] 
And  my  rudnesse  heljiyn  to  excuse, 
ffor  in  metre  I  ha  ne  witJt  me  no  muse  : 
Xoon  of  the  nyne  that  on  Parnase  duelle, 
Nor  she  that  ys  [the]  lady  of  the  welle,  172 

Calliope,^  be  sy<le  cytheron,  i*c.  hieerts' that  y»'] 

Gaff  to  my  peiine,  plente  nor  fusofi 
Of  hyr  licovr,  whan  tliys  work  was  [beJgoMne. 
N"or  I  drank  no-wer  of  the  sugryd  tonne  176 

Off  lubiter,  couchyd  in  hys  celer, 
tSo  strange  I  fonde  to  me  hys  boteler, 
Off  poetys  [ijcallyd  Ganymede. 

But  to  my  laljour  now  I  avoH  me  spede,  1 80 

Prayng^  ech  reder  me  to  rocoiiforte, 
Benignely  my  rudenesse  to  supporte. 
ffor  wherso  be  my  thonk,  I  lese  or  wynne, 
AVyth  yowre  grace  thus  I  wyH  be-:4ynne.  184   Here  ends 

'■  the  tr.iMs- 

Here  endytU  the  prologe  off  the  translatcur.          };;^°'^';  '''•°- 


All  who  read 
this  book  are 
to  pay  more 
heed  to  the 
meaning  tlian 
to  the  trans- 
lation, 


[leaf  4,  back] 


for  no  muse 
favours  me, 


nor  have  I 
(bank  out  of 
Jupiter's 
tun. 


6     I)c  Guillevilles  Prolog.     His  Dream  after  A.D.  1330. 


Tlie  Prolog 
of  the  author 
begins. 


Men  take  no 
lieeJ  (it 
dreams  until 
tliey  come 
true, 


[leaf  5] 


and  then 
tliey  are  re- 
memberei.L 


If  men  neg- 
lect tliein  tor 
loi.f;,  thi'V 
fdi-f^el  llieni 
altogether. 


In  the  year 
1:510  (Fr.l:i30) 
I  had  a  won- 
derful dream. 


wliich  I 
wrote  down' 
at  once, 


Her  be-gynnetli  the  prologue  of  the  auctour 

fFiil  ofte  hyt  liappetli^  in  certeyn  [' faiieth  St.] 

Off  dreniya, — tlie  wych  that  men  lia  seyn 

I  nylitys, — after,  whan  they  wake, 

fful  lytel  liede  ther-of  tliay  take, 

Tyl  efFte  agayn  yt  comyth  to  mynde. 

That  they  the  veray  tronthe  fynde, 

Of  Gwery  thyng*  tliey  sawe  to-forn). 

ifor,  of  reme//d)raunce  the  thorn) 

Pryketh  liere  myndes  ^Y^ih,  hys  poynt, 

That  tliey  hyt  se  fro  poynt  to  poynt, 

And  fynde  hyt  verrayly  yn  dede, 

Tliogh  a-fore  they  took  noon  hede. 

Ee  yt  of  loye,  lie  yt  of  sorow, 

fful  ofte  a-pon  the  nexte^  niorow        [» nexte  St.,  next  c] 

yt  ys  go  dene  out  off  her  thoulit, 

Ther-of  they  ha  so  lytcl  rouht, 

Tyl  after  thej'  a-vyse  hem  wel ; 

And  then  thay  fyndyth^  yt  eu^/'ydel,         pnindest.] 

Dremys  that  they  had'  a  nyhte, 

By  maner  of  a  dyrked*  syhte.      [niyrk  c,  Derk-ed?  St.] 

But  yiff  they  make  long?  delay, 

To  putto  hem  forth  fro  day  to  day, 

Than,-^  th[o]rogh  foryotelnessc,         p  Tiiat  St.,  Than  c] 

Thay  kan  there-of  no  thyng-<  expresse, 

ffor  aH  ys  out  of  mjnide  go. 

And  on  A  tyme  hyt  happyd  so, 
ffro  Crystys  berth  a  thousand'  yer, 
Thre  hondryd,  hy  a-cowntys  cler. 
And  over'J  Ten,  as  I  toke  kope,  [« rfmuhries] 

Vp-on  a  nyht  I  lay  &  sclepe, 
Drempte,  (yf  ye  lyst  to  lere,')  ['  here  St.] 

A  -wonder  dreme,  in  tyme  yff'ere. 
The  Avych,  a-noon  as  I  a-wook 
Vp  on  the  morow^,  a  pewne  I  took, 
And  wrote  yt,  yff  ye  lyst  to  wyte,*'  [«  :-  wete] 

That  I  scliold  hyt  nat  foryete ; 
]5iit  freschly  yn  my  mynde  yt  kepo, 
Halff  wakyng*  and  haltf  a-slepe, 


18& 


192: 


196 


200 


204 


208 


212 


216 


220 


Dc  GuiUeviUcs  Prolog.     He  lost  Ids  vjrittcn  Dream.     7 


That  I  mylit  after,  by  leyser, 
Correcte  liyt  Avheu  the  day  Avert?  cler, 
By  good  avys,  wlian  I  took  kepe, 
Bet  a-da\ved  out  of  my  sclope. 

And  tliys  cousyderyd  eneij  dele, 
Me  sempte  I  haddii  do  ryht  wel, 
Yifi'  ther  hadde,  as  tho  to  me, 
ffalle  noon  cowtraryouste ; 
ffor  al  the  wrytyng*  that  I  -wrote 
Was  me  be-raffte,  and  how  I  not, 
Dyscured^  thurgh  the  Avorld  a  brode, 
As  God  woot  wel,  and  thus  yt  stood. 
Where-of  I  hadde  as  tho  no  shame, 
fTor  al  I  hald  yt  but  a  game ; 
ffor  to  that  tyme  fredam  I  hadde 
To  putte  away,  and  eke  to  adde. 
What  that  me  lyst,  lyk  as  I  wende. 
ffor  ther  was  myche  thyng^  to  mende, 
To  ordeyne,  &  to  correcte, 
And  bet  in  order  to  directe ; 
ffor  many  a  thyng*,  yt  ys  no  nay, 
Mot  be  prouyned,  &  kut  a- way, 
And  yshape  of  newe  entaylle. 
In  ordre  dresse  hyt,  &  yraylle, 
As  dotli  enery  manere  why  lit, 
That  wol  make  a  thyng'  a-ryht. 
ffor  he  that  bar  mj"  dreme  a-wa}', 
ffuH  lytel  thouhte  (yt  ys  no  nay) 
On  my  profyt  in  any  wyse  ; 
ffor  shortly,  as  I  kan  devyse, 
I  myghte  beter  a  niendyt  yt, 
Lyk  as  God  hadde  yeve  me  wyt, 
Sool  by  my  sylff ,  than  I  may  now ; 
But  aH  ys  gone,  I  wot  not  how. 
And  eke  yt  ys  so  long^  a-go. 
That  thys  dreem  was  take  me  fro, 
I  haue  almost  foryete  yt  al. 
But  not  for-thy,  yet  I  schal 
Adde,  &  putte  a-way  also, 
Where-as  I  se  yt  be  to  do ; 


224    intentling  to 
correct  it 
afteiwards. 


228 


[1  Stowe] 


But  I  lost  all 
I  wrote ; 
liow  I  don't 
know. 

[leaf  5,  back] 


Up  to  that 
time  I  could 
add  or 
diminisli, 
as  I  tliought 
good,  and 
mend  it. 


232 


236 


240 


244 


248 


252 


2.56     And  now  all 
is  gone,  I 
know  not 
how. 


260     B"'  ""^  I 
shall  do  as  I 
like, 


But  he  who 
took  it  away 
did  not  con- 
sider me. 


De  Guilleville's  Prolog.     He  11  go  to  Jerusalem. 


and  when  I 
liave  finished, 
[leaf  6] 


I  shall  send 
it  abroad. 


Go  forth, 
then,  my 
dream. 


and  fail  not. 


Whether  on 
foot  or  on 
horsebiick 
thou  sliouldst 
have  had 
leave  of  me. 


1  intend  to 
take  thee  to 
Jerusalem 
witli  me. 


A  law  among 
pilgrims  is 
that  each 
"  shall  abide 
other." 


[leaf  G,  back] 


I  schal  not  leve  in  niyne  entent 

To  putte  alway  a-mendement/       p  amendement  St.] 

As  yt  comyth  to  my  knowynge, 

Day  be  day  yt  renie?»brynge. 

And  when  tliat  yt  a-mendyd  ys, 

And  se  that  nothyng*  be  a  mys, 

By  a  lace  I  shal  yt  were, 

And  a-bowte  my  nekke  yt  here, 

Send  yt  forth  to  euery-  co7itre,  [^ychest.] 

Wher-as  to-fforn  that  yt  hath  be, 

A-geyn  my  wyl  &  my  plesauwce. 

And  thus^  for  a  Eemembrauwce,  ['this St.] 

Go  fforth  thow  dreme  !    I  send e*  the    [*  sende  st,,  send 
By  aH  the  placys  wher  thow  hast  be ; 
I  send  the  to  thy  provynours, 
By  aH  the  pathys  &  the  tovrs, 
ffor  thow  knowest  the  weye  wel, 
And  the  passage  euerydel. 
On  my  be  halff[e]  thow  not  ffaylle 
To  dresse  yt  ewyn  by  entaylle, 
Wher  thow  wer  fferst,  wych  doth  me  greve, 
And  took  of  me  no  maner  leve. 
ffor  wych  I  calle  yt  (thys  the  ffyn,) 
No  verray  weyii  off  pylgrym. 
By  cavse,  wherso,  by  the  lak, 
On  ffoote,  nor  on  horsiibak/         [« horse  St.,  hors  c] 
Thow  sholdest  ha  mad  no  lourne, 
But  thow  haddest  hadde  leve  off  me. 
But  ffor  as  myche  as  I  in  dede 
Thynke  the  witli  me  to  lede, 
Wha?i  I  go,  as  thow  schalt  se. 
To  lerusaleem,  the  cyte ; 

To  wych  weye,  wrt/^-ovte*'  more  [^  oute  St.,  ovt  c] 

I  am  excyted  wonder  sore  : 
Thys  myn  entent,  thider  to  drawe, 
And  a-mong*  pylgrymes,  thys  a  lawe, 
That,  as  brother  vn-to  brother, 
Eup/'ych  sholde  a-byelen  other. 
Thys  sholde  be«  a  trewe  vsage 
Off  folkys"  in  ther  j)ylgrymage.  [^stoweMS.] 


264 


268 


272 


C] 

276 


280 


28-t 


292 


296 


300 


In  my  Dream  I  saw  Jerusalem  the  Golden. 


Doo  telle  ^  myn  aventure  cler,  [i  st.,  c.  i(u-»/] 

How  passyd  syx  and  t\ve?<ty  yer, 

Telle  2  vn-to  on  and  aH,  P  Telle  St.,  xei  c] 

How  that  yt  ys  [to]  me  fEaH, 

In  the  Abbey  off  Chalys,^ 

"Whylom  ffou?<dyd  off  Sey«  Lewyys, 

Here  begyuiietli  the  pylgrym. 

The  seyde  yer  (ho  lyst  take  kep) 

I  was  avysed  in  my  slep, 

Excyted  eke,  and  that  a-noon, 

To  Ierusale?»,  for  to  goon. 

Gietly  meved  in  my  corage 

ffor  to  do  my  pylgrymage, 

And  ther-to  steryd  inwardly. 

And  to  tell  the  cause  why, 

Was,  ffor  me  thouht  I  hadde  a  syht 

W^t/i-Inne  a  merour  large  &  bryht, 

Off  that  hevenly  ffayr  cyte, 

Wych  representede  vn-to  me 

Ther  of  holy  the  nianere, 

W/t/<  Inne  the  glas  ful  brylit  &  cler. 

\_Rest  of  pa/je  hlanl-  in  MS.  for  an  lUumlnafion.'] 
And  werrayly,  as^  thouhtc  me  [♦  as  St.,  as  ye  se  c] 


304 


308 


312 


316 


320 


I  will  tell 
wliat  befell 
me  ill  the 
Abbey  of 
Cliiialls. 


[Caiub.,Rxb., 

Cap.  ii] 
Tlie  Pilgrim 
said.  Listen : 


I  was  moved 
in  my  dream 
to  go  on 
pilgrimage  to 
Jerusalem, 


324 


328 


Apocat.  21° 


yt  excellyde  off  bewte 

Al  other  in  co/nparysoii) ; 

ffor  God  hym  selff  was  the  masown, 

Avych  mad  yt  ffayr,  at  ys  devys. 

ffor  werkinan  was  ther  noon  so  wys, 

yt  to  conceyve  in  hys  entent; 

tfor  al  the  weyes  &  paament 

Wer  ypavyd  all  off  gold'. 

And  in  the  sawter  yt  ys  told', 

How  the  ffyrst  ffundacyon. 

On  hyllys  off  devocyon  ; 

The  masou?«'y  wrought  ful  clene. 

Off  quykii  stonys  bryht  &  schene,     De  lapidibus  viuis.     336 

Wyth  a  closour  rovnd  a-bowte 


332 


Fundamejita  ei«s  in  Muutib«s 
Sanctis. 


wliieli  I  saw 
represented 
in  a  glass. 


[leaf  7] 


It  was  very 
fair, 


and  paved  all 
with  gold. 


Its  founda- 
tions were 
made  of 
living  stones. 


•*  Chaalit 


Eoxli.  ed.,  p.  1  ;  'Chaalic,'  Add.  22,937; 
'Cali(i«c,'  Harl.  4399. 


10 


Jerusalem  Gate  was  guarded  hy  an  Angel. 


All  angel 
guarded  it, 


and  only 
pilgrims  were 
admitted. 

It  had  many 
mansions, 


and  all  kinds 
ot'joy  were 
there. 

[Cap.  iii] 


[leaf  7,  back] 


The  angel  at 
the  g.ite  slew 
all  who 
would  pass 


and  tyrants 
ever  lay  in 
wait  to  slay 
the  pilgrims. 


Off  eiimyes/  tlier  vcus  no  dowte.  [•  Enemyes  st.] 

ffor  Awngelle^  the  wacli  y-kepte,       Aiigeior»m  custoaia. 

The  "wych,  day  nor  nyht  ne  slepte, 

Kepyiig*  so  strongly  the  entre, 

Tliat  no  Avyht  kam  in  tliat  cyte, 

]jut  pylgrymes,  day  nor  nyht, 

That  tlij'der  wontyn  evene  ryht. 

And  ther  were  mony  juansyovns,    in  domo  p«?ris  mei  i. 
Placys,  and  habytacyovns ; 
And  ther  was  also  al  gladnesse, 
loye  w/t7;-ovten  hewynesse. 
And  pleynly,  who  that  hadde  grace 
ffor  to  entre??  in  that  place, 
ffond,  onto  hys  plesavnce, 
Off  loye  al  inaner  suffysavnce, 
That  eny  hertii-  kan  devyse.  [^  herte  St.,  hert  c] 

And  yet  the'^  entre  on  swych  Avyse        [Uhe  St.,  they  c] 
AVas  strongly  kepte  ffor  komyng'  In  ; 


340 


348 


352 


356- 


ffor  the  Awngel  chernbin, 

Off  the  gate  was  cheff  porter, 

Havyng*  a  swerd,  fflawmyng  as  cler  [st.  &c.] 

As  any  ffyr,  evene  at  the  gate ; 

And  who  that  wold,  erly  or  late,  360 

Passen  the  Aval,  he  was  yslawe. 

Ther  ne  Avas  noon  other  laAve, 

Ne'^  bet  helpe,  ne*  bet  refut ;  [*  No . .  no  St.] 

The  A'engavu^c  ay  Avas  execut.  364 

In  the  passage  thyder-Avard , 
The  Aveyii  was  so  streiht  &  hard, 
ffor  tyravntys,  with  ther  felonye 

And  AVit/?  ther  mortel  torme?itrye,  368 

Devyseden  on''  ther  entcnt  [^inst.] 

fful  many  Avonderfnl  torment, 
Lyggyng  awayt  fro  day  to  day, 
To  sleii  pylgrymes  in  ther  Avay,  372' 

[6  lines  hlanh  in  MS.  fur  an  Illumination.'\ 

•^Makyng^  fnl  grete  occysion) 

^  All  this,  nearly  to  1.  53.3,  is  omitted  in  the  prose  Camb. 
(Tloxb.),  or  rather,  is  comjiri.scd  in  a  few  lines.  In  this  .second 
recension,  Do  Guilleville  has  liore  very  largely  alterd  and  ex- 
panded his  first. 


Pilgrims  suffcrd  Martyrdom  and  Tortures  on  the  Eoad. 


11 


Off  pylgrymes  of  grete  lienovii), 
Off  men  &  woniinen  both  yfere, 
Whos  inartyrdoni)  (as  ye  sclial  here,) 
"Was  ful  grevous  to  endure, 
ffor  so«nne  of  hem  (I  yoAV  ensure,) 
Wern  out  of  here  Skynnes  flawe  ; 
And  somme,  by  ful  mortal  lavve, 
AVer  hew  (as  hokys  kan  Eemembre.) 
Asonder,  partyd  eue/y  membre, 
Crucefyed,  of  blood  al  Eed ; 
And  many  other  lost  hys  bed. 
Of  somme,  the  bowelys  wer  out  Eent, 
And  somme  on  hotii  colys  brent, 
ffretyng^  salt  cast  in  among*, 
ffor  to  make  ther  peynys  strong* 
Myd  the  ffyry  flawmys  reed. 
So?ume  boylyd  in  oylle  and  led, 
And  sore  bet,  that  yt  was  wonder ; 
Somme,  saAvyd  evene  assonder ; 
Somme,  Wi'tA  Avylde  hors  ydrawe, 
In  dyffence  of  crystys  lawe, 
Thorgh-out  the  ffeld',  her  &  yonder, 
Tyl  ther  loyntes  wente  a-sonder  ; 
Nerff  and  bon  assonder  lient, 
And  ther  Entraylles  aforn  hem  brent. 
The  ffelou?2S  wern  on  hem  so  felle, 
That  yt  ys  pyte  for  to  telle ; 
And  ther  ys  no  man  now  a^  lyve 
That  kan  the  peynys  halff  descry  ve  ; 
I^or  a  sermon)  ther-off  make. 
What-  they  suffrede  ffor  the  sake 
Off  Cryst  Ihesu  vn-to  the  deth, 
ffor  love,^  tyl  they  yald'  vp  the  breth, 
Myd  ther  mortal  peynys  smerte. 
ffor  ther  ys  noon  so  hard  on  hert, 
So  despytous,  nor  so  ffelon). 
That  he  [ne]  wolde  ha  co??ipas5yon\ 
Ben  agrysed  off  pytee  ; 
And  specyally  ffor  to  se 
That  they  suffrede  for  no  synne, 


376 


380 


38i 


388 


392 


396 


400 


Many 

suffered 

martyrdom. 


Some  were 
skinned  alive. 


some  hewn 
asunder, 
some 
crucified. 


some  roasted 
and  salted, 

[leaf  8]     , 


some  boiled 
in  oil  and 
lead. 


some  torn 
asunder  by 
wild  horses ; 


[1  on  St.] 

tlieir  suffer- 
ings no  man 
can  describe. 

;2  That  St.]            404 

[3  love  St.,  lave  C] 

408 

There  is  no 
one  who 
would  not 
pity  them. 

412 


12 


The  Blessed  enterd  hy   Wichels  above  the  Gate. 


as  they  only 
wished  to 
obtain  the 
love  of  Christ, 


[leaf  8,  back] 
who  suffered 
pain,  death, 
and  woe. 


as  our 
example. 


They  who 
died  for  the 
love  of  Christ 
entered  by 
wickets, 


and  even 
these  must 
enter  by 
force. 


asSS. 

Matthew  and 
Chrysostom 
write. 


416 


420 


428 


432 


But  only  off  entent  to  wynne 
The  love  off  Cryst ;  &  ft'or  hys  sake, 
AH  tliey  lian  vp-on  hem  take, 
Seyng^  how,  ffuH  long*  aforn), 
Cryst  to  suffre  was  yborn), 
And  fforbar  nat  to  he  ded. 
And  sythen  he  that  was  her  hed 
Suffrede  peynys,  deth,  &  woo, 
The  memhrys  wolde  endure  also,  ['  in  aiie  st.] 

And  ffolwe  ther  hed  on  aP  thyng*,  OmHes  eiiecti  caput  smm. 
As  Sey?i  Gregoir  in  hys  wretyng*  Gregoriug.  424 

Eecordeth  pleynly  (who  taketh  hed) 
Off  alle  chose,-  Ciyst  ys  hed  ;      l"  Me  choys  St.,  ai  chose  c] 
ffor  wych,  the  menibrys,  as  was  due, 
Affter  ther  hed  lyst  to  sue, 
AVych  by  example  wente  a-fore, 
To  whom  thentre  was  not  ffurbore. 
ffor  swycli  as  deyde  ffor  hys  love. 
By  wyketys  entrede  in  above, 
Yp  the  gate,  hih  aloffte, 
Thogh  ther^  passage  was  not  soffte ; 
The  porter  lyst  hem  nat  to  lette. 
And  ther  peucellys  vp  they  sette* 
On  cornerys,  wher  them  thouhtii  good, 
Al  steyned  with  ther  ovnli  blood. 
And  whan  that  I  parceyved  yt, 
I  conceyvede  yn  my  wyt,  440 

That  who  scholde  ther-wit/(-lnne 
Entre  by  fforce,  lie  most  yt  wynne 
By  manhood  only,  and  by  vertu. 

ffor,  by  record  off  Seyn  Mathew,  444 

The  hevene  (as  by  hys  sentence,)  Regnum  ceiorHw  vim  patitur. 
Wonnen  ys  by  vyolence. 
Crysostom)  Eecordeth  ek  also, — 
Who  lyst  taken  hed  ther-to, — 
That  gret  vyolence  &  niyght 
yt  ys,  who  that  loke  a-ryht, 
A  man  be  born)  in  erth  her  downe, 

^  Camb.  cap.  iii.:  "j  seyli  the  peuselles  liaiiginge  steyned  red 
with  blood."  *  rajjcre  St. 


[3  ther  was  5IS.] 


436 


Magna  viokMioia  est,  nasci  in 
teiia,  &  celum  oapcre,^  ii  ha- 
bere \>er  virtutem  quod  n<in 
\iolesl  hafceri  pfc  natiirara. 

("rysosto[inus]. 


Gheruhim  stood  at  the  Gate  with  a  Christ-blooded  Sword.     13 


And  Eavisshe,  lyk  a  champyoii),  452 

The  noble  liihe  hevenly  place, 

By  vertu  only  &  by  grace. 

ffor  vertu  doth  to  a  man  assure 

Tliyiig  denyed  by  nature.  456 

^Tliys  to  seyne,  who  lyst  lere, 
That  vertu  makyth  a  man  conquere 
The  hih  hevene  in  many  wyse, 

To  wych  kynde  may  not  sufEyse  460 

To  cleyme  ther  pocessiou), 

But  she  be  gUyded  by  EeS0n\  i— >  verba  tianslatons. 

Wych  to  vertu  ys  maystresse, 

To  lede  hyr  also,  and  to  dresse  464 

In  hyr  pylgrymage  Eyght 

Above  the  sterrys  cler  &  bryht.^ 

ffor  other  weye  koude  I  not  se, 
To  entre  by  hi  that  cyte  ;  468 

ffor  cherubyn,  erly  and  late, 
Ay  awaytynge  at  the  gate, 
Was  redy  euer,  and  ther  stood, 

Whos  swerd'  was  bloudyd  with  the  blood  472 

Off  Crystys  holy  passyoii) 
Whan  he  made  our  Eedempcion, 
Mankyi;de  to  restore  a-gayn. 

The  wych  wey,  wha?i  I  hadde  sejn,  476 

I  was  a-stonyd  in  my  sylit. 
But  I  was  cou??ifortyd  a-noon  Eylit, 
AVhan  I  sawh  the  swerd  mad  blont 
Off  cherubin,  the  wych  was  Avont  480 

To  brenne  as  any  flawmbe^  bryht.    [^  flawmbe  St.,  flawnibe  c] 
But  now,  the  sharpnesse  &  the"  lyht      p  Uie  St.,  ow. c] 
Was  queynte,  to  do  no  more  veiigau?<ce. 
By  vertu  off  crystys  gret  suffravnce,  484 

W^ych  schal  no  more  for  man  be  whet. 

[4  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Ilhtminafiun.] 

^And  ther  I  sawh  a  smal  wyket  l*  Cap.  v,  i.  lo] 

loynynge  evene  vp-on  the  gate  ; 

And  ther  stood  on,  erly  &  late,  488 

Lenynge,  as  I  kovde  cspye, 
Wych  power  ■''  hadde,  &  maystrye     [s  power  St.,  powaer  c] 


Man  gains  by 
virtue  wliat 
[leaf  9] 
be  is  denied 
by  nature. 


but  virtue 
must  be 
guided  by 
reason. 


One  stood 
tliere  wiiose 
sword  was 
red  witli  the 
blood  of 
Clirist. 


I  was  cdni- 
forted  when 
I  saw  this 
swoicl  made 
blunt. 


and  its 

brijjiitiioss 

quenclied. 


[leaf  9,  baiU] 

I  saw  a  sntaU 
wic'kel,  at 
which,  one 


14     Si.  Pdcr  vKis  at  one  Gate.     Doctors  guided  Pilgrims. 


like  St.  Peter 
stood, 
[prose,  p.  3] 


AH  wlio 
entered  by 
this  wicket 
were  made 
naked. 


[Cap.  V] 
wliieh  re- 
minded me 
of  tlie  camel 
passing; 
through  the 
■eye  of  a 
needle. 


Tliere  were 
doctors  also 


[leaf  10] 


Avho  showed 
jiilgriuis  liow 
to  enter  tliis 
city. 
{Cap.  iv,  1.11] 


ffor  to  opne  &  to  shette, 

To  Receyven  and  to  lette,  492 

Pylgrymes  that  kam  on  tlier  weye ; 

And  in  hys  hond'  lie  lield  a  keye,—    '^'^^^^^ 

Sey?i  Peter,  me  tliouht  by  hys  cher, — 

That  had  off  God  pleyn  power  496 

To  lete  in  ffolk  wych  he  knew  hable, 

Eut  ffyrst  tliey  most  (tbys  no  ffable,) 

Dyspoyllen  hem,  &  nakyd  be  ; 

ffor  noman  entrede  tliat  cyte  500 

Tliat  clotbyd  was,  nor  niyhte  passe, 

Wber  he  mor,  or  wer  he  lasse, 

Or  gret  co?».pact^  in  an}'-  nienil)re.    [•  compact  St.,  compart  c] 

And  than  A-noon  I  gan  Ilemeiiibrc  504 

How  Cryst  .sayde,  in  a  certcyn  i)Lace, 

That  yt  Avas  as  hard  to  passe 

Iii-to  the  hevene  A  recbe  man, — 

Lych  as  he  rehersii  kan  508 

By  record  off  hys  gospel, — 

As  yt  was  to  a  kamel 

To  passe  throgh  a  nedlys  Eye ; 

Wych  ys  a  tbyng<  (ho  kan  espye,)  512 

As  yt  were  an  Inpossible, 

And  verrayly  Incredyble. 

Aff ter^-ward  (yt  ys  no  ffayll)  [?  And  affter  st.] 

Me  thonhte  I  sawh  a  gret  mervayle  :  516 

Vp-on  Tonrs,  dyuers  estatys 
Off  doctours  and  off^  prelatys,  [» oir  st,  om.  C] 

Showyng*,  as  by  co?itenavnce. 

By  speche,  and  by  dallyavnce,  520 

Tecliyng*  pylgrymes  to  knowe, 
That  wer  yn  the  vale  lowe, 
How,  wiili  travaylle  k,  pcyne. 

And  liow  also  tliey  sliolde  aLteyne  524 

To  make  hem  wy«ges  ft'or  to  He 
Hill  a-loft'te  to  that  cyte, 
By  wynges  of  exau?//ple  good, 

Yiff  they  ther  lernyng'  vndeistood,  528 

"Wych  they  tanhte  liein  in  thor  lytf 

[5  lines  blank  in  Mk<.  far  an  Iiluntination.'\ 


Among  tlie 
doctors  were 
Augustiiies 

536      [pvose,  p.  2] 


and  otiier 
religious 
orders ; 


[2  were  right  St.] 


Facient  s/'6i  pennas  & 
volabu«t  in  celuwi. 


■Jacobins,  Austins,  &c.  made  Wings  and  Jlcw  into  Heaven.     \ 

By  doctiyne  co/demplatytf, 

Outward  sche\vyiig<,  as  hy  clier, 

Tlier  love  was  to  hem  ful  enter,  532 

ifovndyd  vp-on  charyte. 

Amongys  wycli  I  dede^  se  [idyddest.] 

Grete  nou«ibre  of  thys  lacobiiis, 
Off  chanovns,  &  of  Awstynys, 
fifolkys  ful  diuers  of  maner, 
Both  temporal  &  seculer, 
•Off  clerkys  &  relygyous, 

And  other  ordrys  vertuous.  5J:0 

MendyvaiiHtys  ful  nedy, 
That  day  &  nyht  wer  ryth-  besy 
To  gedre  ffelherys,  bryht  &  shene, 
And  make  hem  wy»ges  ffor  to  fflen. 
And  gan  A-noon,  wiili  al  ther  niyght, 
To  soren  vp,  &  take  her  fflyht 
Hill  in-to  that  ifayr  cyte. 

And  hilier  vp  they  dydii  ffle,  548 

Bove  cherubin,  that  Avngel  cler ; 
ffor  they  wer  out  of  hys  davngcr, 
By  the  techyng*,  and  the  doctrine, 
And  by  exau//q)les  ek  dyvyne,  552 

"Wycli  ther  maystres  hadde  hem  tauht, 
Wher-by  they  han  the  hevene  kauht, 
And  ffou»de  ther-in  gret  avau?itage 
To  ffortlire  he»i  in  ther  pylgrymage,  556 

And  how  hem  sylff  they  sliolde  guyde. 

And  vp-on  the  totlier ^  •'^yde,  ['  that  otiie-,-  st.] 

Ynder  the  wal  of  the  cyte, 

I  sawh,  off  gret  auctorite,  560 

ftblkys,  wych  dyde  entende 
To  helpe  her  ffrendys  to  ascende, 
By  ful  gret  subtylyte, 

To  make  Xxam  entre  the  cyte ;  564 

And  tlicr-to  dyde  her  bysy  cure, 
By  scalys  throgh  the  strong*  closure  ; 
And  as  me  thouhte,  A-moiig  echon), 
That  St^yu  Benct  in  soth  was  on).  5G8 

[6  lines  hlanlc  in  MS.  for  an  Illumined  ion. ^ 


and  tliey 
made  tliem- 

selves  wings 


[leaflO,  bad< 
and  soared 
above  tlie 
clierubim 
wliieli  Uept 
llie  gate. 


On  the  other 
side  I  saw 
great  men 
lielping  tlieir 
friends  over 
the  wall. 


[prose,  p. :;] 


Among  them 
was  St. 
Heiiet, 
[Cap.  iv] 


who  brought 
a  long  ladder, 


[leaf  11] 
by  which 
men  of  liis 
religion 
easily 
entered.  I 


[Cap.  V] 
St.  Francis 
also  was 
there, 

[prose,  p.  3] 


16      Benedictines  and  Franciscans  enterd  hy  Ladders. 

Wych,  as  Irelierse'  slial,  [>  Reherse  St.,  reUers  C] 

ffor  to  scale  that  hihi?  wal, 

That  was  so  niyhty  &  so  strong*, 

"SYiih.  hym  Ijrouht  a  ladder  long*,  572 

In  the  wycli  men  myhtii  se 

xij.  grees^  off  huraylyte,  [^  Twelve  greces  St.] 

By  wych,  thor[o]gh  deuocj'oii', 

ffolk  off  hys  relygyon)  576 

Ascendyd  vp,  gre  by  gre, 

W/t/z-ovte  lette  to  that  cyte, 

And  the  ryht[i']  we^^e  han  take. 

Monkys  greye,  whyte,  &  blake,  580 

Ascendyng*  vp  wit/i-oute  ffeer. 

And  Seyn  Fravnceys  I  sawh  ek  ther, 

fful  dyllygent,  and  ek  by.«;y. 

And  (as  me  thouht)  ful  ffrendly  584 

To  ffolk  of  hys  profession). 

And  ek  in  myw  avysyon) 
I  sawh  ther  cordys  rovnd  &  long*, 
Al  yffret  with  knottys  strong*,  588 

Hard  to  ffele,  and  nothyng*  soffte. 
And  ffro  the  valey  hih  a-loffte 
Vp-on  the  wal  they  dede  hem  caste, 
And  by  the  cordys  held  ha??i  ffast,  592 

Grypyng-*  hem  witA  gretii^  peyne,        [^  grete  St.,  gret  c] 
Off  entent  they  myghte  atteyne 
To  gete  vp  to  that  hihi?  wal, 

Ifor  to  kepe  hem  ffro?»  a  fFal,  596 

Alway  by  the  corde  hem  held'. 

And  many  A-nother  I  be-held', 
Off  dyuers  ffolkys  that  vp  ran, 

Otf  whom  the  namys  I  not  kan,  GOO 

K'or  how  they  dyde  hem  sylff  assure, 
Over  the  wallys  to  Recure 
On  echii  party  Round'  abovte ; 

ffor  I  in  soth,  that  stood  w/t//-oute,'*     [*  in  doute  St.]      604 
Myghte  not  bc-holden  al  the  paas, 
But  on  the  party  that  I  was, 
Wych  was  to  me  gret  dj'splcsavnce. 
But  I  dar  seyen,''  in  substau?ice,      [■■  seye  St.,  seyn  C]      008 


wlio  assisted 
his  friends 
over  by 
means  of 
knotted 
cords. 


Others  I  s:  w 
whose  naii;es 
are  unkiioun 
to  me. 


T  could  not 
see  all  the  j 

persons. 


Every  Pilgrim  left  his   Wallet  and  Staff. 


17 


That  tlier  was  noon  off  no  degre 

Wycli  entre  mylite  the  cyte, 

But  lefft  ■\v^'t^-oute,  lowe  dou??, 

fFor  al,  hys  sherpii^  &  boi'dou??.^  [' scnppe  St.]  612 

But  thentent  otf  hys  vyage, 
And  ffyn  ek  off  hys  pylgrymage, 

Wer  Set"^  of  herte  fynally  PsetteSt.J    OmHia  agujit  propter  fiiie»«. 

Thev  tabj'de  perpetually  616 

Viiih  ii'eyth,  hope,  &  charyte, 

To  lyve  with  rest  on*  that  cyte  ;  [Mn  St.] 

ffor  other  thyng*,  in  hert  &  thoulit, 

To  her  desyre  they  wolde  nouht. 

ffor,  as  the  phylisofre  seyth, 

(To  whom  men  mosten  yeven^  feyth) 

That  al  ffolk,*'  wherso  they  wende, 

"What  they  do,  ys  for  som  ende. 

And  for  that  skyle,  more  &  more, 
I  was  steryd  wonder  sore 
ffor  to  take  my  lournee, 
Lyk  a  pylgryme,  to  that  cyte. 
Off  more  loye  I  nat  kepte  ; 
And,  me  tliouht  ek,  as  I  slepte, 
And  in  my  dreem  dyde  ek  mete, 

That  ellys  I  myghte  ha  no  quyete.  632 

And  thus  ful  pensyff  in  my  guyse, 
A-noon  I  gan  me  to  a-vyse. 
And  thouht  in  my?i  avysion), 

'^I  ffaillede  a  sherpe^  &  bordon,  [« skrippe  St.]      636 

"Wych  al  pylgrymes  ouhte  to  have, 
In  ther  wey,  hem  sylff  to  save. 
And  so  the  pylgrymes  hadde  echon 
In  ther  vyage,  but  I  allone.  640 

They  wer  echon  by-ffore  purveyd, 
Bet  in  ther  wey  to  be  conveyed 

And  I  roos  vp,  and  that  a-noon, 
And  ffro  iuj7i  hous  gan  out  gon  644 


[leaf  11,  back] 
only  that 
every  one 
left  lii.s  wallet 
and  staff 
below, 


desiring  only 
to  live  tlieie 
in  peace. 


620 

[^  j'evyn  St.,  eyven  C] 
[c  alle  folke  St.] 

624 


628 


This  stirred 
me  to  go  on 
a  pilgrimage 
to  that  city. 


[cap.  vi, 
prose] 


but  I  reiTieiTi- 
bered  that  I 
lacked  .scarf 
and  staff. 


[leaf  12] 

I  started 
from  my 
house. 


^  The  Roxb.  has  scrip,  the  Fr.  escharpe,  and  the  picture  shows  a  scrip  worn 
scarf-wise.  See  also  p.  18,  1.  655,  664.  Escharpe :  f.  a  Scarfe  ;  a  Baudrick. 
L'escharpe  d'un  pelerin.  The  scrip,  wallet,  or  pouch  wherein  he  carries  his 
meat. — Cotgrave,     Boxirdon :  m.  a  Pilgrims  staffe. 

^  Camb.  cap.  vi.  p.  4,  where  the  pilgrim  "failede  scrippe  and  burdoun." 
PILGRIMAGE.  C 


18     Dc  G'uillcville  meets  a  gracious  Lady,  Grace  Dieu, 


but  was  de- 
layed nine 
iiiontlis. 


I  tlionght  I 
might  find 
a  scarf  and 
staff, 


[Cap.  vii] 


and  wliile  I 
sought  for 
them 


I  met  a  lady, 


wlio  ceemed 
an  Empi-ror's 
daughter. 

[leaf  12,  back] 


She  was 
cicthed  in 
white  and 
green. 


Vp-on  my  wey,  off  Avych  I  tolde ; 
Al  be  that  I  was  long  yholde, 
(^r  I  myhte  make  my  passage 
To  gynne?*  vp-on  my  pylgrymage. 
Nyne  monethes  I  was  kept  cloos,  ' 
Tyl  at  the  last  I  vp  Aroos, 
Off  entent  forth  to  precede. 
But  than  at  erst  I  gan  take  hede 
That,  to  myn  entenc^o?^n, 
I  myghte  ffynden  a  hordou?^ 
And  a  sherpe/  wych  of  vsage 
ffolk  han  that  gon  on  pylgrymage, 
Nedful  to  me  &  necessarye. 
Ifor  wych  cause  I  dyde  tarye 
Or  I  myghte  gynne  my  lournee, 
To  holde  my  wey  to  that  cyte ; 
Ifor  wych  I  went  cowplaynyng^, 
Out  off  my  sylff2  tryst  &  wepyng*, 
Cerchyng*  toforn  &  ek  behynde, 
Sherpe^  &  bordou)?,  for  to  fynde. 

And  whil  I  dyde  my  besynesse, 
A  lady  of  f  ul  gret  ffayrnesse 
And  gret  noblesse,  (soth  to  say,) 
I  dyde  mete  vp-on)  the  way. 
ffor  God  wold',  (I  yow  be-hete,) 
Sone  that  I  sholde  hyr  mete, 
Off  grace  for  my?«  owne  prowh, 
Wher-off  I  hadde  loye  ynowh. 
And  in  herte*  gret  gladnesse. 
ffor  she,  as  by  lyklynesse. 
Was  doubter  of  som  Emperour, 
Somme  myghty  kyng*,  or  goue?'nour  ; 
Or  off  that  lord  that  guyeth  al, 
Wych  ys  of  power  most  royal. 

And  thys  lady  gracyous, 
Most  debonayre,  &  vcrtuons, 
Was  yclad,  by  gret  delyt, 
In  a  surcote  al  off'  whyt, 
Vfiih  a  Tyssu  gyrt  off  grene. 
And  Endlong,  ful  bryht  &  shene, 


648 

nyne  mnnetlies  in  his  mothara 
wombe.'— John  Stowe. 


652 


[1  Scrippe  St.] 


656 


660 


[2syl«:sr.,  fylffC] 


[3  Scrippe  St.] 


664 


668 


Voluntas  dei  fuit  ut  cito  m/Ai 
occurreret  quod  volebum. 
Genesis  27.  [v.  2(1] 


[1  herte  St.,  liert  C] 


672 


676 


680 


684 


wlw  aslcs  him  why  he  weeps,  and  what  he  wants.      19 


She  hadde  a  cliarbouwcle  ston, 

That  Eouiul'  abowte  hyr  body  shon ; 

Was  noon  so  reche/  as  I  Avas  war.  ['  Ryciie  St.] 

And  on  hyr  brest  A  nouche  she  bar,  688 

I  trowe  that  nowher  Avas  no  bet. 

And  in  the  Awmaylle  ther  was  sette 

Passyngly  a  rechii^  sterre,  [^ Richest.] 

Wych  that  cast  hys  bemys  ferre  692 

Kound'  abovte?*  al  the  place, 

Ther  was  swych  habou?idauwce  off  grace. 

Out  of  whos  bosoom,  mykle  ynowh, 

Ther  kam  a  dowe  whyt  as  snowh,  696 

\V^'t7^  hys  wynges  splayng*  oute, 

Plauynge  rovnd'  hyr  honcf  abonte. 

Thys  lady,  of  whom  I  ha  told', 
Hadde  on  hyr  hed  a  crowne  of  goW,  700 

Wrouht  of  sterrys  shene  &  bryht, 
That  cast  aboute  a  ful  cler  lyht. 
He  was  ful  niyghty,  (who  taketh  hede,) 
That  sette  yt  fyrst  vp  on  hyr  hed  ;  704 

And  made  yt  fifyrst^  by  gret  Avys        \?  c.  ffyrst  ffyrst] 
Off  gret  Eichesse  and  grete  *  prys.        [*  grete  St.,  gret  c] 

[8  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Ilhimination.'\ 

Thys  lady,  that  I  spak  of  here, 
Was  curteys  &  of  noble  chere,  708 

And  wonderly  of  gret  vertu. 
And  fyrst  she  gan  me  to  salue 
In  goodly  wyse,  axynge  of  me. 
What  maner  thyng^  yt  myghte^  be,      pmyghtest.]      712 
Or  cause  why,  I  sholde  hyr  lere. 
That  I  made  so  bevy  chere ; 
Or  why  that  I  was  ay  wepyng^, 

lior  lak  of  eny  maner  thyng*.'  716 

Wher-of,  Avhen  I  gan  take  hede, 
I  ffyll  yn-to  a  maner  drede, 

ffor  vnkonnynge  and  lewdenesse,^         ["  lewdenesse  st.] 
That  sche,  of  so  gret  noblesse,  720 

Dysdeynede  not  in  hyr  degre 
To  speke  to  on)  so  pore  as  me ; 
But  yiff  yt  were,  so  as  I  gesse, 


and  many 
very  precious 
stones. 


Out  of  her 
bosom  came 
a  wliite  dove. 


On  lier  head 
slje  wore  a 
crown  of  gold. 


[leaf  13] 

She  was 
courteous 
and  saluted 
me. 


and  inquired 
why  I  was 

weeping. 


I  was  afraid 
at  one  so 
noble  address- 
ing ine. 


20     He  ivants  to  go  to  Jeritsalcm,  hit  lacks  Scrip  and  Staff. 


I  reinembered 
beauty  anil 
luimility  go 
together, 


and  that  the 
laden  apijle- 
tree  bovrs  its 
branches 
lowest. 

[leaf  13,  back] 


Nota  St. 


Tlien  I  told 
her  I  wanted 
to  go  to 
Jerusalem, 


but  lackt  a 
scrip  and  a 
staff. 


•  Follow  me," 
she  said, 
'  for  it  is  for 
thy  profit 
thou  bast 
found  nie.' 


[Cap.  viii] 

'  I  pray  thee,' 

said  I, 

'  tell  me  thy 

name.' 


Al  only  of  liyr  gentyllesse  ; 

ffor  gladly,  Avher  ys  most  bevte, 

Tlier  ys  grettest  hvmylyte, 

And  that  ys  verrayly  the  sygne, 

Swych  ar  most  goodly  &  benygne. 

An  appyl  tre,  \fiih  frut  most  lade, 

To  folk  that  stonden  in  the  shade, 

Mor  lowly  doth  hys  brauTOchys  loute 

Than  A  nother  tre  wit/i-oute ;  i.  sine  fructu  st. 

ffor^  wher  habou?ideth  most  goodnesse,         [i  ffor  St.] 

Ther  ys  ay  most  of  mekenesse.^  p  mekenesse  St.] 

I^oon  SO  gret  tokene  of  beute, 

As  ys  parfyt  hnmylyte. 

Who  wanteth  hyr  in  hys  banere, 

Hath  not  vertu  hool  &  entere. 

And  affter  thys  I  gan  abrayde, 
And  to  hyre^  thus  I  sayde, 
"  How  to  gon,  I  caste*  me. 
To  lerusaleem  the  cyte, 
ffayllyng*  (to  myn  entencwn)) 
Both  a  sherpe^  &  a  bordon), 
Ifor  "wych  I  went,  yt  ys  no  doute, 
ffor  to  seke  ha??i  Eound  aboute, 
Yiff  I  myhte  any  fynde  or  se." 

Grace  dieu : 
'  I^ow  vndyrstonde,'^  than  (\uod  she,  [« vnderstonde  St.] 
'  Yff  thow  lyst  hawe'^  of  hem  tydyng^,         p  have  St.] 
Thow  mostest,  ower'^  alle  thyng* 
To  thyw  entent,  as  thow  shalt  se, 
ffor  thy  profyt,  kom,  folwe  me. 
And  yt  is  gi'etly  to  thy  prowh 
That  thow  hast  me  fovnde  now, 
By  whos  helpe^  thow  sehalt  spede, 
To  ffynden  al  that  the  shal  nede.' 

The  pylgrym; 
Than  (itiod  I,  "  my  lady  dere, 
I  pray  yow  that  ye  wyl  me  lere 
Your  name  &  your  condyciou??. 
Your  co?(trc,  &  yovr  Ilegyou^  ; 
ffor  yt  ful  plesaunt  wer  to  me. 


[3  hire  St.,  hyr  C] 
[*  kaste  St.,  cast  C] 


[5  Scrippe  St.] 


'24 


728 


732 


736 


740 


744 


[6  ouer  St.,  auer  C] 


748 


752 


[9  helpe  St.,  help  C] 


756 


760 


Grace  Dieu  tells  Dc  GuiUeville  how  she  helfs  Pilgrims.     21 


To  wyte  pley?tly  what  ye  be." 
And  she  answerde  ful  mekly, 
'  Tak  hed  to  me  now  feythfully  : 
I  am  the^  douhter  off  themperovr, 
Wych  ys  the  lord  and  governour 
Off  euery  lond  and  regyou?^ ; 
And  he  hath  sent  me  liyder  dou?i, 
Here  in- to  this  lowh  contre, 
Off  entent,  as  thow  shalt  se, 
To  gete  hy??^  frendys,  &  cowquere 
Bound?  a-bouten  /  eue?y  wher  : 
Nat  that  he  hath  to  hem  no  nede, 
But  only  (who  kan  taken  hede,) 
That  he  haveth  gret  plesau/ice, 
To  haue  of  folkys  dcqueyntavnce, 
ffor  ther  profyt,  more  than  for  hys  ; 
And  thus  yt  stant  &  thus  yt  ys. 

'  Thow  sest  my  noble  ryche  array, 
And  how  that  I  am  fresshe  &  gay, 
fful  ryally  and  wel  beseyn, 
Nothyng^  in  wast,  nouther  in  veyn  ; 
Thys  charboncle,  nor  thys  sterrys  clere, 
ffressher  wer  neuer  seyn  yfere  ] 
Nor,  I  trowe,  noon  so  fayre, 
Whos  bewte  may  nat  apayre. 
H  ffor  to  pylgrymes,  day  &  nyht, 
I  enlumyne,  &  yive  lyht 
To  al^  pylgrymes  in  ther  way. 
As  wel  in  dyrknesse  as  be  day, 
So  they  lyst  rewarde  me. 
And  lyst  that  I  her  guyde  be. 
And  yiff  they  erryu  in  her  weye, 
Ageyn  I  kan  hem  wel  cowveye ; 
I  wyl  hem  helpen  &  Eedresse ; 
ffor  I  am  she,  in  sothfastnesse, 
Whom  thow  owest  seke  of  ryht, 
In  straujige  lond'  \fiih  al  thy  myght, 

'  I  yive  lyht  to  folk  echoii 
That  out  of  hyr  weye  gon, 
And  releue  hem,  on  &  alle ; 


'[Grace  Diezi'\ 


764 


[1  the  St.,  om.  C] 


[leaf  14] 
'  I  am  tlie 
daughtei'  of 
tlie  finpeior 
of  every  land 
and  region, 


and  I  am 

sent  to  get 
him  friends. 


But  it  is  for 
their  good, 
not  his. 


768 


771! 


776 


78.0 


784 


788 


792 


[I  wj'lle  hem  guj'e  /  and  do  sokour, 
\Vliile  tliey  to  me  have  theyi-"  Retour. 
St.,  om.  C] 

796 


[2  alle  St.] 


You  see  my 
royal  array. 


I  give  light 
by  day  and 
niglit  to  pil- 
grims. 


800 


[leaf  14,  back] 

I  give  light  to 
all  who  err : 


my  name  is 
Grace  Dieu, 


and  T  am 

represented 
by  this  dove. 


22     Grace  Bieu  offers  help  to  Dc  Guilleville,     He  accepts  it. 

Leffte  vp  folkys  that  be  falle, 

ffrom  al  myslieff  &  from  al  blame, 

And  Grace  dieu,  that  ys  my  name,  804 

fFul  nedful  in  ech  coretre. 

'  And  by  thys  dowe  wych  thow  dost  se, 
"Wych  I  here  w^t/t  wynges  fayre, 

Humble,  benygne,  &  debonayre,  808 

I  am  tookenyd,  who  lyst  seke, 
"Wiih  hyr  goodly  Eyen  meke. 
And  so  thow  shalt  me  call  in  dede, 
"Whan  thow  hast  on-to  me  nede, —  812 

And  that  shal  be  ful  offte  sythe, 
That  I  may  .-my  power  kythe, — 
Telpe  ^  the  ih  thy  pylgrymage.  [i  To  help] 

ffor  fynaly  in  thy  vyage,  816 

As  thow  gost  to  that  cyte, 
Thow  shalt  hawe  ofFte  adue?'syte, 
Gret  mescheff  and  encombraunce, 
Empechementys  &  dysturbaunce,  820 

Wych  thow  mayst  nat  in  no  degre 
Passe  nor  endure  wit/i-oute  me, 
Nor  that  cyte  never  atteyne, 

(Thogh  thow  euer  do  thy  peyne,)  824 

W^'t/i-oute  that  I  thy  guyde  be. 

'  Al-be  that  in-to  that  cyte 
Thow  hast  seyn  entren  meny  on, 

Xakyd,  in-to  that  cyte  gon  828 

So?Mme  by  ther  sotel  engyn, 
And  so  wane  also  by  cherubin. 
But  what  so  Qxiere.  they  koude  don), 
Ther  was  neuer  receyved  noon  832 

(tfor  outht^  they  koude  hem  sylff  avawice,)      [bought St.] 
Eut  only  thorgh  myn  acqueyntaujjce, 
Lo,  her  ys  al :  avyse  the 

Yiff  thow  lyst  acqueynted  be  836 

Wi't/i  me  :  tel  on  thy  fantasye. 
And  the  trowthe^  nat  denye.'       [^  Trouthe  St.,  trowth  C] 

The  pylgryme : 
"Ma  dame,  for  Goddys  sake,  I  praye, 
Nat  to  leue  me  on  the  weye  840 


Witliout  me 
tliou  canst 
not  reach  the 
city. 


Some  enter 
by  subtlety. 


[leaf  15] 


but  all  by 
me." 


[Cap.  ix] 
'  I  pray  thee, 
leave  me  not ; 


Grace  Dieu  takes  Be  Guilkville  to  her  house,  1330  years  old.    23 


AV'it/i-oute  yowr  heipe  &  your  favoiw ; 
ffor  in  thys  weye,  your  socour 
Ys  to  me  most  necessarie 
To  forthre,  that  I  nat  ne  tarye ; 
Thankyng^  to  your  hyh  goodnesse, 
That  ye  kam  of  gentellesse, 
Ifyrst  vn-to  me  for  my  forthryng*, 
Ther  nedede  me  noon  other  thyng^." 

[6  Ihies  hlank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination^ 

Tho  hyr  lyst  no  lenger  byde, 
r>ut  took  me  in  the  same  tyde, 
And  made  me  wit/;  hyr  for  to  gon 
To  an  hous  of  hers  a-noon, 
AVher  I  sholde  fynde,  in  dede,  1^ 

Al  thyng-i  that  I  hadde  of  nede. 

She  was  hyr  sylfE  (yn  sothnesse) 
Off  thylk  hous  cheff  founderesse, 
ffor  on  hyr  word'  yt  was  fyrst  groundyd, 
And  by  hyr  wysdom)  bylt  and  fovndyd  ; 
The  yerys  of  the  masownry 
Thryttene  hundred  &  thrytty. 
And  ffor  the  fayrnesse  &  bewte 
I  hadde  gret  wyl  that  hous  to  se ; 
I-baysshed,^  for  yt  was  so  fayr ;  ['  Abasshea  st.] 

ffor  yt  heng^  hih  vp  in  the  hayr  :  -  [=  eyre  St.] 

Twen  hevene  &  Erthe  stood  the  place, 
As  yt  hadde  (only  by  grace) 
ffrom  the  hevene  descendyd  doure. 
So  stood  that  hevenly  mancyou?*, 
W/t/d  steplys  &  yviih  toures  hihe, 
fEresshely  arrayed  to  the  Eye, 
As,  a  place  most  royal, 
Above  al  other  pryncypal ; 
Wych  stood  vp  on  a  ffayr  Eiver, 
The  water  ther-of  holsom  &  cler ; 
But  ther  nas  passage  in  that  place. 
Nor  shepe^  wherby  men  niyghte  passe.    [3  siiippe  st.] 

The  pylgrym : 
ffor  wych  to  Grace  Dieu  I  sayde, 
And,  to  hyr  thus  I  abrayde, 


844 


848 


860 


864 


868 


872 


876 


thy  aid  is 
most  neces- 
sary to  me.' 


[Cap.  x] 


Tlien  slie 
took  me  into 
852     liei' liouse. 


856 


[le.af  IS.baclc] 
She  founded 
tlii.i  house 
]:iSO  years 
ago. 


It  liuns  be- 
tween lieaveii 
and  earth. 


It  stood  by 
a  river,  over 
which  none 
could  pass. 


2-i     De  Guilleville  is  afraid.     Grace  Dieu  cheers  him  up. 


1  said,  '  We 
seem  to  be  in 
peril — tlieie 
18  no  passage 
over.' 


'Tliou  slialt 
pass,'  slie 
baid. 


'  I  am  afraid 
I  Hliall  be 
drowned.' 

[leaf  16] 


[Cap.  xi] 


'  Why  art 
thou  afraid  of 
tliis  river  ? 


The  passage 
is  belter 
known  to 
young 

children  than 
to  old  people, 


and  there  is 
no  other  way, 
except  by  the 
Cherubim. 


"  Madame,  me  semeth  in  my  tlioulit 

That  we  ben  in  perel  broulit,  880 

ifor  I  kan  sen  no  passage 

To  passe  by,  nor  avau/itage." 

Grace  dieu ; 
'  Off  me,  dred  the  never  a  del, 
ffor  thow  shalt  passe  fayre  &  weh'  884 

The  pylgrjnn : 
"  I  kan  not  swymmen,  yt  stondeth  so, 
Wlierfor  I  not  what  I  may  do. 
And  yiff  I  entre,  I  am  in  doute 

But^  euer  I  shohl'  komen  oute  ;  [•  How  St.]  888 

ffor  wych,  tentrii^  I  stonde  in  drede,  [Uo  enter] 

I  have  of  helpe  so  grete^  nede."  [^  grete  St.,  gret  c] 

Grace  dieu  argueth : 
'What  menyth  thys]  what  may  thys  be,  891 

That  thow  art  now,  as  semeth  me,    [De  sacram.»to  Bnptismi.- 

'  '  Later  hand  iii  St.] 

So  sore  a-drad  of  thys  Eyver, 

AVych  ys  but  lyte,  smothe  &  cler  1 

Why  artow  ferful  of  thys  streem  1 

And  art  toward  lerusaleem,  896 

And  mustest  of  necessyte 

Passen  ferst  the  grete'*  see,  [+ grete  St.,  gret  c] 

Or  thow  korae  ther.    lo,  her  ys  al, 

And  dredyst  now  thys  Eyuer  smal !  900 

And  most  kouthe  ys  thys  passage 

To  chyldre  that  be  yonge  of  age, 

And  offter  han  thys  ryver  wonne 

Than  folk  that  ben  on^  age  ro?ine.        [^bcth  in  st.]       904 

And  the  passage  ys  most  kouthe 

To  chyldren  in  ther  tender  youth, 

ffor  yt,  in  soth,  ys  fyrst  passage 

Off  euerych  good  pylgrymage  ;  908 

ffor  other  weye  ys  ther  noon 

To  lerusaleem  by  to  goon. 

But  yiff  yt  be  by  cherubin. 

And  yet  somme  ha  ther  entryd  In,  912 

That  AVer  nat  wasshe  in  thys  Ryuer, 

Nor  bathyd  in  the  stremys  cler. 

Wych  to  the  ys  not  contrarye. 


Grace  Lieu  explains  the,  Need  of  the   Water  of  Baptism.    25 


'  But  tliys  to  the  ys  necessarie,  916 

Consydred  (shortly  to  expresse) 

The  grete^  fylth  and  vBclennesse,        ['  grete  St.,  giet  c] 

The  ordure  and  the  dong*  also, 

Off  thylke  hous  thow  kome  fro,  920 

Wher  .ix.  monethes  thow  liast  be. 

ffor  wych  yt  nedeth  vn-to  the 

To  wasshe  the  her,  yiff  thow  take  hede, 

Thys  my  consayl  &  my  Red  :  924 

To  passe  thys^  Eyuer  of  clennesse        [^  tiiys  st.,  om.  c.j 

Yt  ys  to  thee 3  most  sykernesse.  [^  the  St.,  om.  c] 

And  al*  I  schal  the  telle  A  thyng^ :  [*ekest.] 

Ther  passede  onys  her  a  kyng*,  928 

ffyrst  assuryng*  the  passage 

Vn-to  euery  mane/-  age  ; 

He  made  the  pas  hym  sylff  alone, 

And  yet  in  hem  was  fylthe^  non.   [' ffyithe  St.,  fyiti.  c]    932 

To  wasshen  hym  yt  was  no  nede, 

But  that  hym  lyst,  of  lowlyhede, 

Schewe  example  by  hys  grace 

How  other  folkys  sholde  passe  936 

Over  by  the  same  went, 

Wherfore  tel  me  thyn  entent, 
Yiff  thow  thys  Eyuer  lyst  atteyne ; 
And  I  shal  A-noon  ordeyne  940 

A  sergau7it  of  myre  in  specyal ; 
Wych  offycer  the  helpe  shal 
ffor  to  passe  the  water  cler, 

And  wardeyn  ys  of  the  Eyuer.  944 

He  shal  the  wasshe,  he  shal  the  bathe, 
And  make  the  passe  the  more^  rathe.    ["  more  st.,  mor  c] 
And,  to  put  the  out  of  doute, 

He  shal  crosse  the  round  aboute,  948 

Make  the  sur,  as  thow  shalt  se, 
ffrom  al  tempestys  of  the  se, 
Tescape  the  wawe  of  euery  streem. 
And  make  the  wynne  lerusaleem  952 

By  conquest ;  &  fynally — 
That  thow  shalt  drede  noon  erany 
Wher  so  thow  wende.  Est  or  West — 


Considering 
tlie  fillli  of 
the  liouse 
thou  hiist 
been  in  for 
nine  niontlis, 


[leaflG.bacli] 

tliou  must 
be  waslit 
am)  pass  this 
river. 


A  king  once 
passed  over. 


as  an  example 
to  others. 


Tell  me  thy 
intent. 


and  I  will 
appoint  one 
to  wash  and 
bathe  thee. 


and  cause 
thee  to  reach 
Jerusalem, 


2G     Dc  Guilleville  asks  wliy  he  is  to  he  Wasld,  Baptized. 


He  aliall 
cross  tliee 
[leaf  17] 


and  aiiiioint 
tliee. 


and  thou 
slialt  tear 
no  enemy.' 


'  Why  wash 
me  when  I 
am  clean  ? , 


And  as  I  am 
not  old,  the 
oohl  water 
inav  kill  me.' 


'Thou  art 
only  clean 
outwardly. 


Thou  art 
soiled  with 
original  sin, 


[leaf  17,  back] 


960 


964 


968 


[3  bathe  St.,  bath  C] 
[*  waslien  St.] 
[}  alle  ffyltlie  St.] 


972 


'  Sette  A  cross  vp-on  thy  brest,  956 

Be-hynde  also,  and  on  tliyn  hed, 

Ageyn  al  mescheif  and  al  dred. 

And  off  entent,  as  thow  slialt  se, 

He  slial  also  enoynte  the 

Lych  as  sholde  a  Champyon), 

That  thow  ha  no^  occasyon)  [i  ime  noon  st.] 

In  thy  passage,  nor  no  nede 

No  maner  eniny  for  to  drede, 

Sette  hem  echon  at  no  prys. 

K^ow  her-vp-on  say  thyn  avys.' 

The  pylgrym : 
"  I  am  wel  payd  that  yt  be  do.^ 
Yiff  resouw  accorde  wel  ther-to. 
But  fyrst  I  wolde  som  cause  se, 
What  nedeth  yt  to  wasshe  me, 
Or  bathe,^  when  yt  ys  no  nede ; 
ffor  I  am  clene  wasshe*  in  dede 
ffrom  al  feltlr^  and  vnclennesse. 
And  one?'  more,  so  as  I  gesse, 
I  am  of  yerys  no  thyng^  old' ; 
The  water  also  of  kynde^  cold', 
"Wycli  to  entre,  as  semeth  me, 
I  sholde  in  grete"  perel  be ; 
And  clenner  than  I  am  thys  tyde, 
I  sholde  not  be  vp-on  no  syde."  980 

Grace  dieu  speketh : 

'  Herkene,'  quod  she  ;  '  to  voyde  al  doute, 

Though  thow  be  clene  ynowh  w/t/<-oute, 

Thow  art  w^t7i-inne  no  thyng^  so  ; 

ffor  cause  I  shal  the  telle,  lo  !  984 

Thow  art  soyled  in  especyal 

Off  the  synne  orygynal. 

Off  fader  &  moder  ek  also, 

Thorgh  vnclennesse  of  bothe  two,  988 

Spottyd  of  nature,  as  thcr  hayr  ;S  [« heyre  St.] 

Wher-of  thow  mayst  nat  be  made  fayr. 

But  thow  be  wasshe,  as  I  the  telle, 

2  From  here  to  1.  1346 — tlie  long  talk  on  Baptism  and  Original 
Sin  in  this  2nd  recension — is  absent  from  the  first  recension  in 
the  Camb.  MS.  and  its  original  French. 


[6  kynde  St.,  kynd  C]        976 


[7  grate  St.,  gret  C] 


Grace  Dicu  cxjylains  Man's  Creation  and  Innocence.     27 


In  tliys  Eyuer  or  thys  welle.  992 

And  yet  tliow  most  have  lielpe  of  me 

Yiff  thow  sholdyst  clene  be  ; 

jffoi'  I  mot  fyrst  my  syluew  di-esse 

The  bathe  1  halwen,  &  yblesse,       [•  bathe  st,  bath  c]       996 

And  than  yt  shal  ynowh  suffise 

To  make  the  clene  in  alle  ^  wyse  :  \}  aiie  st.,  ai  C] 

Ifor  the  wasshyng^  mad  out-ward 

Ys  but  tookene  (who  taketh  Reward)  1000 

OR  al  clennesse  forth  w*t/i-Inne  ; 

At  wych  fyrst  thow  most  be-gynne.' 

The  pylgrym : 
"  Madame,  so  hyt  nat  dysplese, 

I  can  as  yet  no  thyng*  in  ese,  1004 

And  I  shal  telliy  yow  wher-fore 
My  dovte  [is]^  now  mor  than  before,        [Mdoutest.] 
And  gretter*  in  conchisyo^ai,  [*  more  gretter  St.] 

But  ye  make  exposicfou?^,  1008 

And  bet  declare  yt  to  my  mynde, 
Or  ellys  my  profyt  ys  be-hynde." 

Gr£lC6  dieU  ;  [Oe  lusUcla  &  peccato  Originali.    Later  Aa?i(Z.— St.] 

'  ffyrst,  whan  God  the  world  be-gan, 

And  after  hadde  makyd  man,  1012 

And  wo??iman  for  to  be  hys  fere, 

Thy  forme  fadrys,  as  thow  shalt  lere, 

God,  of  hys  gret  curteysye. 

To  hem  dyde  suyche  gentrye  1016 

As  to  the  I  shal  devyse. 

He  gafE  to  hem  so  gret  ffrau?ichyse, 

Talyved^  euere,  thys  no  lesyng^,  \}  To  have  lived] 

In  elthe  w^■t/i-oute  languysshyng^,  1020 

Lusty  &  fressh  in  o  degre, 

JSTeuer  tave*' had  necessyte  [« to  have] 

Off  deyyng* ;  and  gaff  hem  in  sothnesse, 

Lyberte,  &  Eyhtwyse'nesse,        [?  wyse  St.,  wys  c]        1024 

ff redam  of  wyl  ^  &  equy te  ;  [^  and  wyUe  St.] 

And  that  they  sholde  ryghtful  be, 

And  ther-vp-on,  ay  done  her  cure 

To  ben  Egal  by  mesure  ;  1028 

The  body  to  the  soule  obeye 


and  I  mnst 
hallow  the 
bath  which 
will  cleanse 
thee.' 


'  I  am  now  in 

more  doubt 
than  ever.' 


'  When  God 
created  man 
and  woman, 


He  gave  him 
liealtli,  lile, 
and  liberty. 


[leaf  18] 


28    Grace  Dicu  tells  how  Adam  lost  Paradise  ly  Disobedience. 
Theiiodywas   'In  euery  maner  skylful  weye, 

to  obey  the  .       ,   , ■  i  • 

Boiiiinaii        And  bern^  to  hy??i  subieccion ;  [iberynst.] 

things,  1  A  1  T 

So  that  alway,  on-to'-^  resou»,  [^vn-tost.]  1032 

fforeyn^  Strengtliys  lier  doUW  lowe,       \?  Foreyn  St.,  For  eny  C] 

Vpward  sholde  her  sowerayn  knowe, 
as  the  lower     And  lest*  Worthy  of  dygnyte,  [Meestst] 

is  always  i  <•    i  i  AO^ 

obedient  to      Vii-to  most  worthy  01  degre  lUob 

the  higher. 

Obeye  sholde  by  Eeuerence  : 

Thys  was  of  ryght  fyrst  the  sentence  ; 

Shewe  of  lewdnesse  ay  a  sygne,  1 039 

The^  lasse  of  prys  to  the  most  dygne.      \?  The  St.,  To  c] 

'  Off  divyne  purvyau?ice 
Thys  was  fyrst  the  ordynaunce, 
That  man  shold  euer  ha  be  in  blysse, 
And  al  that  whyle,  of  no  thyng*  mysse;  1044 

Euer  ha  be  fre,  &  never  thral. 
By  ryhtwysnesse  orygynal, 
He  gave  man   Qod  gaff  oure  fadrys  ous"  be-forn),  [« vs  st.] 

all  the  beasts  ®  "^ 

of  the  earth      yjff  they  ne  hadde  her  fredom)  lorn,  1048 

ffor  catel  and  for  ther  herytage 

Ta  last  in  eiiery  maner  age, 

Ben  lierytavnce,  fro  gre  to  gre, 

Off  ryht  to  ther  posteryte  :  1052 

Thys  to  seyne,  who  kan  take  hed 
for  his,  and      To  al  that  folwed  of  ther  sed 

liis  children's  p         i.i        ^ 

lor  ever.  flor  eue?'more  :  &  soth  yt  ys, 

Yiff  they  hadde  not  do  a-mys.  1056 

'  But  whan  they  gan  to  God  trespace, 
[leaf  18,  back]   They  lost  thei  fredam  and  ther  grace, 

]*uthelost        Lyff  also,  and"  liberte,  ["and  eke  St.] 

lite  and  all  i   i         i         i  i  i_  -irxnr^ 

things,  And  hooly  ther  auctoryte,  lObO 

Off  wych  thow  hast  herd  me  seye, 
ffor  wych  offence  they  most  deye  : 
Tho,  aP  thyngys  in  sentence  [*  aiie  St.] 

Drowh  fro  man  obedyence.  10G4 

Who  dysobeyth  hys  sovereyn, 
Off  ryht  mot^  folwen  in  certeyn  ['  mot  St.,  not  c] 

That  he  shal  dysobeyed  be 

Off  lower  thynges  of  degre,  1068 

Wych  wer  soget  to  hys  servyse 


Grace  Dicu  explains  how  Children  suffer  foo'  Fathers  Si)is.  29 


1072 


1076 


1080 


1084 


Pto.om.  St.]       1088 


'  Oi"  lie  trespacede  in  any  wyse. 

ifor  vn-to  God,  sothly  to  seye, 

"VVhan  Adam  fyrst  gan  dysobeye, 

Yt  was  Ryhtful,  by  kyndly  la  we, 

That  to^  hym  shold  be  Avit/i-drawe  ['  ?  fro] 

AH  mane?*^  obeyssavnce  [2  maneie  off  st.] 

Off  thynges  vnder  hys  goueniaunce, 

"VVycli  he  hadde  in  subieccyon, 

Only  for  hys  rebellj^on). 

'  And,  yiff  thow  be  Eesou??abIe, 
An  exaiample  ful  notable 
I  shal  vn-to  the  declare 
Openly,  &  no  thyng*  spare, 
YifF  thow  lysten,  taken  hed  ther-to  :  ExempiuTO. 

'  I  suppose  yt  falleth  so  : 
The  kyng*  hath  in  hys  court  a  knyht 
Whom  he  loueth  with  al  hys  myht, 
And,  for  cause  that  he  tryst  hym  wel, 
He  yeveth  to^  hjm  a  fFayr  castel, — 
"VYallyd  strong*  yvith  hihe  tours 
ffrom  al  assaut  of  wynd  &  shours, — 
And  to  hys  heyres,  to  pocessede ;  * 
And  ther-vp-on  maketh  hem  a  dede, 

Euere^  by  SUCCeSSyon  [5  Evere  affter  St.] 

Ther-of  to  have  pocessyon 

ffor  eue?"emore,  to  o^  word,  [Satost.] 

Whyl  he  ys  trewe  to  hys  lord, 

Voyde ''  of  al  rebellyon).  U  And  voyde  St.] 

Thys  was  the  condycion) : 

But  he  offendeth,  so  may  falle, 

Than  he  &  hys  chyldren  alle,  1100 

The  castel  lese  w^t/i-oute■  grace 

Thorgh  ther  fadrys  gret  trespace  : 

The  chyldren  ban  the  gylt  abouht, — 

Al-be  that  they  offendyde  nouht —  1104 

Thorgh  ther  fadrys  gylt,  alias ; 

And  thus  peraurater  stant  the  cas  : 

And  lyk  in  cas  semblable  at  al, 

Ryhtwysnesse  orygynal —  1108 

'  Orygynal '  ys  for  to  seyn 


and  as  ]ie 

liaddisobeyd 

God, 


all  thing?  dis- 
obeyed him. 


Compare  this 
story : 


A  certain 
king  gave  a 
castle  to  a 
knight  and 
his  heirs  in 
fee. 


[*  heyres  to  possede  St., 
heyrs  .  .  C] 


1092         [leaf  19] 


1096 


on  condition 
that  if  he 
disobeyd, 
he  and  his 
children 
should  lose 
all. 


He  did  offend, 
and  his  chil- 
dren sufferd 
for  his  sin. 


so     Tltro  Adam  and  Eve's  Sin,  Manldnd  became  sinful. 


Oiiginal  sin 
is  simihir.  . 


Adam  and 
Eve  lost 
Paradise, 


and  tlieir     " 
posterity 
!']flferd  tor 
tiieir  parents' 
fin. 


and  lost  their 
inheritance 
[leaf  19,  hack] 


by  their  pa- 
rents' trans- 
gression. 

Thus  thou 
mayest  per- 
ceive that 
thou 


art  spotted 
witli  oriyinal 
sin.' 


'  Pleyiily,  yf  I  shal  not  feyne, 

A  gynnyng*  wycli  fro  God  kani, 

And  was  fyrst  yoven  to  Adam  1112 

And  vn-to^  Eue  hys  wyff  also,  ['  And  to  St.] 

Wych  they  loste,  bo  the  ^  two      V  loste  bothe  St.,  lost  both  c] 

Only  for  ther  Eebellyon), 

Whos  ryht  was  by  condycon),  1116 

Wherthrogh  that  ther  posteryte 

fftilly  ha  lost  ther  lyberte. 

(Posteryte,  playnly  m  dede,       [st.  leaves  out  11.1119—1122.] 

Ys  folwyng^  doii?i  of  a  kynrede  1120 

Lynealy,  fro  gre  to  gre.) 

And  thus,  touchyng"  ther  lyberte, 

ffor  dysobeyngt  they  ha  lorn) 

Off  her  fadrys  hem  to-forn  ;  1124 

Only  throgh  ther  dysobeisau?«ce 

They  ha  lost  ther  enherytauuce, 

Wych  they  may  not  inheryte  ; 

Wher-of  ther  fadrys  ben  to  wyyte.  1128 

*  ffor  nadde  be  ther  transgres.syon), — 
^Transgressyown  ys  for  to  say 
A  goyyng^  fro  the  ryht[ej  way. 
Or  shortly,  in  sentement, 

Brekyng^  off  a  comauridement^ —  1136 

Ther  chyldren  shold,  by  resoii), 
Ha  cleymyd  yt  of  verray  ryht. 

Wher-for,  yiff  thow  lefft  vp  thy  syth,*    [♦sigiitst.]    1132 
And  lyst  conceyven  everydel, 
Thow  mayst  parceyve  fayr  &  wel 
Thow  art  spottyd  in  party 

Off  that  thy  ffadrys  wer  gylty ;  1140 

So  that  thy  fylth  ys  causyd  al 
Only  of  synne  orygynal, 
Wych  that  clerkys  in  sentence 

Calle  wantyng^,  or  carence  1144 

Off  orygynal  ryhtwysnesse, 
Wych  thow  oughtest  (I  dar  expresse,) 
Ellys  haue  hadde  of  equyte 

3—3  These  four  lines  are  written  at  the  right-hand  side  in  C.  & 
St.  ;  but  with  no  mark  to  signify  where  they  ought  to  be  placed. 


Grace  Dicu  says  our  Original  Sin  is  not  lilce  a  cut-off  Nose. 


'  By  tytle  of  posteryte.'  1148 

The  pylgrym: 

*'  Ma  dame,  (lyk  as  ye  sbal  fynde,) 

I  am  a-stonyd  in  my  mynde 

Off  your  wordys  ful  gretly, 

Wych  ne  sue  nat  kyndely.  1152 

ffor  fyrst,  as  ye  han  told'  to  me 

That  I  mOSte  wasshe^  be,  ['  moste  wasslied  St.,  most . .  C] 

To  casten  out  myre  vnclennesse, — 

The  wyche^  fylth,  as  ye  expresse  [2  wiuche  St.,  wycii  c]  1156 

And  namen  yt  in  especyal 

'  Spot  or  synne  orygynal,' 

Wych  ys  only,  by  your  sentence, 

^No-thyng*  but  wantyng*  or  absence  1160 

Off  ryhtwysnesse — thus  ssy  ye  ; 

And  in  good  feyth,  as  semeth  me, 

Wasshyng*  no  thyng^  may  a-vaylle 

To  do  a-way  thyng*  that  doth  faylle ;  1164 

Yt  AVer  bet  cordyng*  to  reson) 

To  make  restytucyon)." 

Grace  dieu  answerde : 
'  Certys,  yt  ys  sotli  that  ye  seye. 

But  to  o  thyng^  take  hede,  I  praye  :  11 68 

Who  that  haveth  not  the  bewte 
Wych  he  shold  han  of  duete, 
Voyde  of  fylth  then  ys  he  nouht ; 

The  wych,  yif  yt  be  truly  souht,  1172 

May  be  of  felth  a  be-gynnyng*, 
Gret  cause  also,  &  gret  norysshyng*. 
As  by  exau?»ple  thus  I  pose : 

'  Yiff  a  man  ffayllede  a  noose  1176 

Wych  he  outh^  haue  of  Resoura,  p  ougiite  st.] 

Yt  wer,  to  myn  oppynyou??, 
A  gret  defaute  ([  the  ensure,) 

Off  bewte;  &  a  gret  ordure  1180 

Ther  must  sue,  yt  ys  no  nay  : 
And  yiff  the  noose  wer  kut  a-way, 
The  bewte  of  a  manhys'*  face  [^imMnysst.] 

Yt  wolde  gretly  yt  dyfface.^  [5  aUe  dyfface  st.]  1184 

Semblably,  in  especyal, 


'  I  am  aston- 
islied  at  wliat 
you  say; 


but  it  seems 
to  me  that 
Wasliing  can- 
not avail  me : 


[leaf  20] 
Restitution 
were  better.' 


'  What  you 
say  is  true. 


If  a  man 
were  without 
a  nose, 


it  would  be  a 
great  want. 


32  Grace  Dieu  shmvs  how  Folk  are  begotten  in  Lust. 

So  it  is  you      '  Yiff  livlitwysnesse  ory^vnal 

w:iiit  oiisjinal  J  J  J  ^J 


rifjiiteous-       Tliow  wante,  wvcli  thow  slioldest  haue, 

I  myghte  pryve,!  SO  God  me  save        ['picvest.]         1188 

And  conclude  \v/t/;-oute  wene, 

Off  som  fylthe  thow  wer  vnclene. 

I  dar  yt  seyn,  and  wel  expresse, 

I^amly  whan  thow  in  vnclennesse  1192 

Off  flesshly  lust  wer  fyrst  be-gete, 

Wych  shold  not  be  for-gete  ; 
The  lust  of      ffor  fleshly  lust  (in  sentence) 

tlie  flesli  is  J  \  I 

Conrapis-        ycallyd  ys  concupyscence.  1196 

As  thus  consydre  niyn  entent; 

Whan  soule  and  flessh  to-gadre^  assent       pgydrest.] 
[leaf 2a,  back]   To  don  any  gret  oiJence, 

Than  yt  ys  concupyscence,  1200 

And  nouther  party  by  dyffence 

Lyst  not  make  resistence, 

As  they  shold  of  equyte, 

Wher-thorgh  ther  fayrnesse  &  bewte  1204 

Dyif acyd  ys  of  bothe  ^  tweyne.  P  bootiie  St.,  both  c] 

And  euene  lyk  (in  wordys  playne) 
and  Uie  of-       Thofl'ence  long^  or  thow  wer  borne, 

fence  was 

committed       Off  thy  fadrys  her-to-forn,  1208 

long  ere  you  '' 

were  born.'      Hatli  lost  (yiff  thow  koudest  se) 

Thi  grete*  fredam  &  bewte  ;  [*  grete  St.,  gret  c] 

And  ther  trespace,  (yiff  tliow  lyst  lere,) 

Ther  lynage  beyth'' yt  al  to  dere.'       [^beyethst.]        1212 

The   pylgrym  :  ^  [«  Pylygrym  AsUeth  St.] 

"  Wit/i  al  myn  herte''  now  I  pray       ["  herte  St.,  hen  c] 

0  thyng^  that  ye  wyl  me  seye  : 

•  Hut  can  tiiis   yff  thys  wassliyug^,  w^t/^-oute  more, 

washing  re-        J  J  ^     O'  ' 

store  right-      ]May  Restablysshc  or  restore  1216 

eousness,  •'  '' 

The  ryhtwysnesse  wych,  day  &  nyht, 

1  ouhte  haue  hadde  of  verray  ryht ; 
and  annul        And  yiff  tliys  wasshynj,^  (in  sentence) 

concupis-  J  J  J     n    \  / 

May  A-nulle  concupyscence '? "  1220 

Grace  dieu : 
'  Teuchyng*^  that  we  have  on  honde,       [« Touchyng  st.] 
Thow  must  pleynly  vndcrstonde 
A  thyng*  wych  I  the  telle  slial. 


ceiice  ? ' 


Grace  Dieu  cannot  help  Be  GuUlcville  unless  he's  Ici'ptkcd.    33 


[leaf  21] 
and  concu- 
piscence will 
remain. 


If  I  were  to 
dwell  with 


yet  without 
tlie  washing 
1240     I  could  not 
assist  you. 


' Ryglitvysnesse  orygynal,  1224   'You can 

Thow  shalt  yt  iieuer  haue  A-geyn  ;  original 

"^  '-'•''  righteousness 

But  truste,  &  be  ryght  wel  certeyn,  again, 

That  after  thow  be  wasshe  clene, 

The  fylthe  ther-of,  (thus  I  mene)  1228 

Thy  wasshyiig^  shal  yt  sette  A-syde, 

But  concupyscence  shal  abyde. 

'Take  the  wordys  as  I  the  telle ; 
But  yifl:  thow  wylt,  I  shal  ay  dwells  1232 

Wt't/i  the,  to  helpe  the  ay  at  nede, 
That  thow  mayst  in  verray  dede 
Maken  myghty  resystence 

Ageynys  thy  co/2cupyssence,  1236 

Wych  shal  the  dere  neveradel 
Yiff  so  be  thow  here  the  wel. 
And,  but  I  seye  thy  wasshyng^, 
I  myhte  the  helpyn  yn  no  thyng^ ; 
ffor  the  wasshyng^  (I  the  ensure) 
Doth  away  al  the  ordure 
Off  al  that  kepen  duely 
Ther  maryage,  and  feythfully  ; 
ffor  wych,  to  the  ys  prof y table 
Thys  wasshyng^,  &  gretly  vayllable. 
Thy  flfader,  thy  moder  ek  also, 
Wer  wasshyn  ther-in,  bothe  two, 
Whan  they  wer  born) ;  &  so  shalt  thow, 
Syth  yt  ys  syttyng^  for  thy  prow  : 
That  tliow  hem  sue,  yt  ys  Resou?i.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"I  haue,"  c\uod  he,  "  suspecyou;j  1252 

Off  ther  wasshyng-^  now  sodenly. 
Yiff  they  wer  wasshe  duiily 
Off  ther  synne  orygynal. 
Me  semeth  yt  sholde  folwe  in  al, 
Syth  I  am  gete  of^  ther  kynrede,  [>  gate  in  St.] 

I  sholde  go  quyt  (who  taketh  hede,) 
Off  orygynal  in  eue?y  thyng*, 
Thorgh  vertu  ferst  of  ther  wasshyng*,"  1260 

Grace  dieu : 
*  Than,'  (\uod  she  to  me  a-gayn,  [leaf 21, back] 

PILGRIMAGE.  D 


1244 


1248 


Tills  washing 
will  do  you 
good: 

your  parents 
were  washed, 


so  must  you 
be.' 


'If  they  were 
washed, 


1256     ought  I  not 
to  be  clean  ?' 


84        Grace  Dieu  insists  on  the  necessity  of  Bccptism. 


'  Grain  is 
freed  from 
the  cliaff  be- 
fore it  is 
sown. 


but  wlien  it 
grows  it  lias 
its  liusks  as 
before, 


and  so  it  is 
with  original 
sin : 


the  husk 
always  re- 
mains.' 


It  seemed 
vain  to  reply 


[leaf  22] 


'  Tak  lied,  wlian  men  so  wen  greyn, 
The  liuske,  the  chaff  (yt  ys  no  nay,) 
Mot  fyrst  be  clene  putt  a-way, 
Er  yt  be  throAve  vp-on  the  lond, 
And  sowe  a-brood  yfitli  manhys  bond, 
^Naked  and  pur,  yfE  thow  take  hede. 
And  after-ward,  whan  yt  doth  seede, 
Vpon  the  tyme  of  hys  Eypyng^ 
And  the  seson  of  gadryng*, 
Men  fynde  a-geyn  the  same  corn, 
Huskyd  as  yt  was  be-forn, 
And  ther-to  clothyd  newe  a-geyn. 

*  By  Avych  exau?/?ple,  in  certeyn, 
Thogh  thy  fadyrs  were,  by  grace, 
Off  ther  orygynal  trespace 
purgyd  clene,  &  frely  quyt, 
The  caffe^  and  the  strowh  abyt, 
Reneweth  ay  &  euer  shal. 
Off  the  synne  orygynal, 
Vpon  the  greyn,  Avych  of  he?/?  spryugeth, 
The  huske  alway  w^t7i  hem  they  bryngeth 
AUe  folkys,  as  thow  shalt  lere. 
That  kyndely  be  sowen  here 
In  thys  world,  fro  day  to  day, 
The  husk  wit/t  hem  abyt  alway, 
And  seueryth  nat  in  no  manere 
Tyl  they  be  wasshe  in  the  Ryuere  : 
Wherfor  (by  short  conclusyou?^,) 
They  nede  echon  purgacyou??.' 

The  pylgrym : 
Tha?nie  me  sempte  yt  was  but  veyn, 
]\Ior  for  me  to  speke  a-geyn. 
Or  make  replycacyou?i 
Ageynys  her  oppynyouw. 
Off  hevynesse  I  wepte  sore ; 
ffor  tho  I  koude  do  no  more, 
I  was  so  wha];)yd  &  amaat, 
Tyl  at  the  last  an  aduocaat- 


1264 


1268 


1272 


1276 


[1  Chaffe  St.,  Caff  C] 


1280 


1284 


1288 


1292 


1296 


-  A  godfather  (after  whom  GuiUaume  de  De  Guilleville  was 
called). 


An  Advocate  hcljjs  JDc  Guillcmlle  to  cross  the  River.         35 


Kam  to  me  tho  in  my  nede, 

Wit/i-oute  gerdou?*  other  mede.  1300 

And,  for  I  hadde  of  speclie  lak, 

Wonderly  goodly  for  me  he^  spak  ;  [}  si.e  St.] 

Profrede  for  to  help  of  grace 

To  make  me  the  Eyuer  passe,  1304 

And  that  I  myght  oner  gon, 

And  that  I  wer  ek  wasshe  a-noon, 

In  al  that  euer  he  coiide  or  myghte ; 

And  Guyllyam  ffor-Sothly^  he  hylite  :  [=  sotiieiy  St.]  1308 

Hys  surname  I  nat  ne  knew. 

And  thns  he  spak  to  Grace  Dieu : 

"  Myn  almesse,  \sith  your  grace, 

I  wyl  fulfyllen  in  thys  phice  ;  1312 

And  yiff  ye  wyl,  I  calle  shal 

Off  your  hous  the  offycyal 

(ffor  yt  ys  now  ryht  good  sesoim 

Affter  your  oppynyou^)  1316 

That  he  make,  by  your  byddyng', 

Of  thys  pylgrym  the  wasshyng*, 

Wher-of  ye  han  so  my  oh  sayd." 

Quod  she,  *I  am  ryht  wel  apayd.'  1320 

And  ther-wt't/i-al,  benygne  of  look, 
The  aduocaat  a-noon  me  took 
Of  charyte,  by  gret  plesau»ce, 

Affter  the  custom  &  vsau?«ce,  1324 

And  made  calle  ^  fyrst  of  al  [Scaiiest.,  caiieofc] 

To  helpyn  hym  the  offycyal ; 
Bad  hym  also,  among*  hem  alle. 
After  hys  name  me  to  calle,* 
That  he  shold  ek  don  hys  dever 
To  helpe  me  passe  the  Ryver, 
That  I  wer  wasshen  A-noon  ryht. 
And  he  so  dyde  w/t/i  al  hys  niyght ; 
And  many  thynges,  as  he  abrayde. 
Over  me,  me  thouhte  he  sayde  ; 
Wordys  that  hadde  gret  vertu. 

As  he  Avas  tauht  of  Grai-e  Dieu  ;  1336 

Wher-thorgh,  me  thouht,  &  that  a-noon, 
^  See  note  to  1.  1298, 


till  an  advo- 
cate came 
«lio  spoke 
for  me, 


and  would 
help  me  to 
])as8. 


and  be 

washed. 


His  name 
was  William, 


and  promised 
to  fulfil  Grace 
Dieu's 
pleasure. 


Then  he  took 
nie,  and 
c.iUed  the 
official  to 
htlp  him, 


1328     [le:»f22,back] 

and  bade  him 
aiil  me  in 
crossing  the 
river. 


1332 


3G     A  Devil  files  out  of  Dc  Guillcville,  and  he  is  baptized. 
A  black  bird     That  I  sawli  ther,  fro  me  qoon, 

passed  from 

i"e,  A  foul  that  was  of  colour  blak  ; 

And  in  hys  lydene^  tlius  he  spak,        [Ueenest.]        1340 
Siyyng,^  men  herd  hyni  euery  cost, —       [-  Ciyynge  St.] 

and  lie  cried       '  I-WVS,'   OUod  lie,  '  I  haUB  al  lost  ; 

out  tll;.t  ill!  J     >        1  J  ; 

was  lost.         And  fro  me  now  ys  taken  al 

By  thys  ylke  offycyal.'  1344 

The  pylgrym :  ^ 
He  hath  my  cloth  ys  fro  me  Eauht, 
[Cap.  xii]      And  thre  tyme  he  hath  me  kauht, 
The  official       Aiid  in  the  rvuer  plonszyd  me, 

plunged  me  J  i  OJ  J 

ill  the  =iream,   Crossyd,  (as  men  myhte  se,)  1348 

[5  J  hies  hlanh  m  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
Enoynted  in  the  stremes  colde, 

just  as  Grace    Lyk  as  Grace  Dieu  me  tolde  : 

said.   '  I  fonde  she  lyedo  neuer  a  del. 

And  Avhan  that  I  was  fayre  Sz  wel,  1352 

Then  be  and     xiiG  Evucr  passyd  than  A-noon, 

the  river  j  i         J  ' 

vanisiied,        Aud  thavocaat  ek  Avas  gon, 
Wych  only  of  gent[e]rye 
[leaf  23]       Hadde  dou  to  me  gret  curtcysye  1356 

That  shal  never  out  of  mynde. 

Than  Grace  Dieu,  most  good  &  kynde, 
and  she  led      Ladde  me  fortli  On*  mv  repayre  [Mn  St.] 

me  to  a  fair  •'  ^     '' 

place,  and       To  a  placB  rylit  iuly  fayr  :  13G0 

made  me  '-  •'  .1^7 

good  cheer.      And  ncuer  she  made  me  to-fore 

So  goode^  cher  sytli  I  was  bore,        [^  goode  st.,  good  c] 

!Nor  was  so  benygne  of  hyr  port, 

Vn-to  me  to  don  confort.  1364 

'  ^ow  syth,'  ({uod  she,  '  that  yt*^  ys  sene,      [«asytst.] 

Tliow  art  wasshe,  &  made  al  clene, 
And  said,        And  art  passvd  the  ryuer 

'  Now  you  " 

iiave  passed     W/t/^-outc  percyl  or  dau?iger,  1368 

the  siream,  I  ■■'  o      J 

and  your         Tlivn  Enmy  fled  Out  of  thv  brest, 

enemy  is  "^  '  ^  ' 

gone,  Wher  he  aforu)  hadde  made  hys  nest, 

I  shal  the  shewe  of  giet  delyt 

Iful  many  thyng*  for  thy  profyt,  1372 

I  will  teach      Yff  tliow  lia  lust  to  leme  of  me 

yo\i  many 

Ihiiigs.'  Thyiiges"  that  I  shal  teclie  the,      [^  Thyngcs  st.,  Ti.ygc .  c] 

"  This  line  in  C.  and  St.  comes  after  1.  1345. 


The  Sign  of  Tau  hloodkd.     The  Order  of  Confirmation.     87 


[1  Serippe  St.] 


T 


'  And  vnderstond  hem  by  &  by.' 

And  tho  befyl  ther  sodeynly 
A  wonder  thyng<  (thus  stood  the  cas,) 
Wher-of  I  astonyd  was  ; — 
And  yet  for-thy  I  shal  not  spare, 
Eyht  as  yt  fyl,  for  to  declare, 
Whan  I  SB  tyme  &  best  sesouw 
Tonchyng  my  sherpe^  and  my  bordou/?. 
"Whan  I  ha  leyser,  trusteth  wel, 
I  shal  yow  tellyn  eue?'ydel. 
But,  or  I  dyde  further  passe, — 
I  sawe  Amyddys  of  that  place 
A  sygne  of  Tav  Avycli  ther  stood, 
And  yt  was  al  be-spreynt  wit/i  blood 

[7  lines  hlanli  bt  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'\ 
And  ek,  as  I  koude  vnderstond', 
I  sawe  be  sydes^  a  mayster  stond',  pbesydest.] 

Off  ryght  gret  auctoryte, 
And  sempte  that  he  sliolde  be 
Lyk  a  vyker  douteles^  [3  aouteies  St.,  douties  c] 

Off  Aaron  &  of  Moyses. 
And  pleynly  tho  (as  I  be-held,) 
In  hys  bond  a  staff  he*  held,         [*  he  St.,  om.  c] 
Crooked  be-forn  (I  took  good  hed  ;) 
And  hornyd  also  was  hys  hed. 
Hys  garnement,  by  gret  delyt, 
Was  of  lyne^  cloth  al  whyt, 
Off  the  wych,  ful  wel  I  wote, 
That  the  prophete  Avhylom  wrot, 
Ezechyel,  who  lyst  to  look", 
The  nynthe  chapytle  off  hj'S  book  : 

Ordre  off  confyriiiaciou?^ 
Wych,  wiili  the  sygne  of  gret  vertu 
Markyde  nianye  viiih  Tav 
Myd  of  her  forhed,  on  by  on. 
And  sayde  to  hem  eue?'ychon, 
'  I  crosse  yow,  and  co?«fernie  also 
Wiili  thys  /  that  ye  take  hed  ther- to, 
That  ye  may  be,  fro  day  to  day, 
Good  pylgrymes  in  your  way ; 


1376 


1380 


Then  I  was 

.isloiiislied 


1384 


1387 

[T  St.],  om.  C. 


[=  lyiiyn  St.] 


1392 


1396 


1400 


Viv  \mis  ill  medio  eor«(H. 
EzeohieliS.  ix°. 


[Cap.  xiii] 

at  the  sign 
of  Tau 
siiiiiikled 
with  blood. 


[leaf -23,  back] 

ami  one 
be-iide  it 
of  great 
aulboi'ity, 


liaving  a 
cmsier  in  his 
hand; 

and  hi.s  head 
was  honied. 


He  i.s  de- 
scribed by 
Kzekiel 


1404 


1408 


1412 


as  marking 
men  in  tlieir 
foreheads 


with  the  sign 
of  the  cross. 


38  Dc  Guillevillc  is  Confirnul.  Tlte  Order  of  the  Last  Unction. 


[leaf  24] 


Grace  Dieu 
maiked  nie, 


ami  I  ve- 

ceiveil 

strength 


ai'coi'iliiig 
my  need. 


[Cap.  xiv] 

Tlien  the 
master  gave 
oiiitnuiit  to 
the  oflk-ial, 


'  Receive 
three  oint- 
ments : 


two  of  them 
to  be  used 
on  pilgrims 


[leaf  24,  back] 
assailed  by 
tlieir  enemies, 


keeping  the 
third  for  tlie 
dying. 


ffor  thys  to  yow,  tokne  &  sygne 

That  God  shal  be  to  yow  benygne, 

Tliat  ye  shal  not  venqiiysshed  be 

Off  your  Enmyes  in  no  degre.'  1416 

And  w2tA  thys  sygne  of  gret  vertu 
I  was  markyd  off  Grace  Dieu 
Myd  my  forlied,  brede  &  lengthe, 

Wher-by  I^  kaulite  ful  gret  streugthe,  [' i  St.,  o;«.  c]  1420 
And  Receyvede  ther  by  Eyht,"  [^^  off  Right  St.] 

Vertu,  force,  &  gostly  mj'glit, 
To  forthre  nie  in  verray  dede 

Off  al  that  eue/-  I  hadde  nede.  1424 

Not  nede  as  I  hadde  be-fore 
Thorgh  the  Ryuer  or  I  was  bore ; 
Yt  was  not  so  gret  necessyte 

Eut  COVeiiable  COngreUyte.^  [S  Congrnyte  St.,  Congeuyte  C]   1428 

Ordre  off  the  laste  vncciou». 

Affter  al  thys,  I  hadde  a  syht 

Off  the  mayster,  "wych  of  Ryht 

]\Jade  the  holsom  oynement. 

And  after  took  yt  of*  entent  [♦offgoodest.]  1432 

To  the  sayde  offycyal. 

And  gaff  to  hym  thys  charge  wft//-al : 

[6  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illmaination.'] 
'  Have  her,'  ,iuod  he,  '  ful  goodly  pSX'^;::^tfJ[t& 

Thre  oynenientys  most  worthy  ; 
The  wych  now  to  the  I  take 
Only  for  pylgrymes  sake, 
Swych  as  in  ther  oppynyou?2S 
Wyl  be  myghty  champyou^/s 
ffor  to  holde  strong*  bataylle 
Whan  ther  Enmyes  hem  assaylle. 

'  Thow  shold  do  thy  l>ysy  peyne 
Tenoynte  hem  wit//  the  fyrste^  tweyne, 
And  kep  the  thrydde  w/t/i-oute  more 
ffor  folkys*^  that  byth  wouwdyd  sore. 
And  swyche  as  lygge  languysshyng^ 
On  ther  beddys,  almost  deyng*, 
And  of  ther  Ijff  ha  no  dy sport : 
Thow  shalt  a-noon  don  hem  co^nlfort ; 


vnco/OHes  suuvitiKtis 
Yjcclesiaetici  (.xxxviii. 

7). 


1440 
1443 

[5  fyrste  St.,  fyrst  C] 
[6  ffulkys  St.,  ffolk  C] 

1448 


Tltc  Ointments  for  Pilgrims,  new  Kings,  &c.     The  Tail.     39 


'  Enoynte  \v^m  in  especyal 
As  ther  leclie  spryrytual, 
Wher  tLow  sest  that  yt  be  uede  ; 
And  ffeythfully,  (yf  thow  take  liede, 
Pylgrymes  that  travayH:  in  ther  way, 
Wych  passen  her  fro  daj''  to  day, 
And  often  in  ther  passage  erre, 
And  assayllyd  byth  wzt/i  werre  ; 
Yt  fayllyth  not,  sory  or  blythe, 
But  they  be  wondyd  offte  sythe, 
And  grevyd  w^t/t  many  aventure, 
if  ro  deth  that  they  may  not  recure ; 
And  at  ther  ende,  thys  no  faylle, 
Whan  that  deth  doth  hem  assaylle, 
They  gretly  nede  thys  oynement ; 
And  for  thys  skyle,  in  myn  entent 
I  haue  take  yt  in-to  thy  ward, 
Al  eyke  folkys  to  Reward', 
Tenoynte  hem  whan  they  haue  nede 
And  other  oyiiementys  in-dede 
I  ha  reservyd^  to  my  kepyng*, 
Tenoynte  wit/i  a  newe  kyng* 
By  the  vykerys  of  Moyses, 
The  Avych  yt  make  dout[e]les, 
At  due  tyme  certeynly 
By  ther  power  as  wel  as  I, 
fEor  syke  folkys  eue?'ychon, 
And  for  lechys,  as  thow  art  on, 
Wych  shoklest  alway  be  bysy, 
"Wel  awaytynge  &  redy. 
At  the  tablys  wher  we  sytte 
Whan  we  etyn,  &  not  %tte ; 
ffor  the  tav  T,  taken  hed, 
Wych  thow  makest  in  the^  forhed. 

'  But  I  wyth-holde  to  ward  me 
Off  custom  &  of  duete. 
The  fynal  execucyou?*, 
The  vse  &  mynystracyou/i 
Off  confermyng  in  the  ende  : 
Take  hed  now  that  thow  not  offende 


1452 


U56 


H60 


1464 


1468 


['  Reserved  St.,  reseyvyd  C] 

1472 


1476 


1480 


T 


[T  St.] 


[-  thy  St.] 


1484 


1488 


Pilgrims  are 
often  at- 
taclced  by 
fues. 


and  often 
meet  with 
death  wlieit 
they  need 
this  oint- 
ment. 


I  have  re- 
ceived otlier 
ointments 


[leaf  25] 


for  sick  folks. 


But  take 
lieed  ot  tlie  T 
whicli  you 
make  in 
men's  tore- 
heads.' 


40     Tlic  Maiden  Reason  talks  aboitt  Ointment  and  Doctors. 


[[Cap.  XV] 
As  they 
talked, 


a  maid  of 
humble  cheer 
drew  near : 


her  name  was 
Keason. 


[leaf  25,  back] 


'  Sirs,'  she 
said,  '  who 
stand  here 
and  speak  of 
your  oint- 
ments, listen 
to  me. 


Ointment  is 
a  virtuous 
thing 

for  certain 
wounds. 


Physi(Mans 
sliould  be 
gentle  in  their 
treatment ; 


149G 


1500 


1504 


And  whil  they  held  ther  parlementys 
And  spak  ek  of  ther  oyneraentys,  1492 

[6  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
Ther  kam  to  hem  of  gret  manere 
A  mayde  mek,  &  humhle  of  chere, 
Wych  that  of  entencyou/i 
Descendede  from  hyr  tour  a-doim. 

Than  Grace  Dieu  spak  vn-to  me, 
'  lo,  sestow  nat  yonder,'  (\uod  she, 
'  E.eS0ll?^,  by  hyr  sylff  allone, 
"Wych  cast  hyr  for  to  speke  A-noon 
To  thys  folk  that  thow  sest  here  1 ' 
And  she,  demur  and  sad  of  chere, 
Sayde  to  hem  hyre^  fautasye  [i  St.,  c.  burnt] 

With-outen  eny^  flatrye 

Resou?i  spak  thus :  ^ 
'  Syrs,'  2  q«o(7  she,  in  goodly  wyse,  [» syre  St.] 

'  That  stonden  here,*  &  thus  devyse         [*  St.,  c.  burnt] 
Off  Enoyntynge*  &  oynementys, 

And  ther-of  hold  your  parlementys,  1508 

I  pray  5  yow  that  ye  nat  dysdeyne 
To  herkne^  off  me  wordys  tweyne,  [5  St.,  c.  burnt] 

"VVych  to  tellyn  I  purpose, 
And  a-noon)  to  ^  yow  vnclose  : 
Oynemente  ys  a  soote^  thyng,  [Ssoetst.] 

And  ryht  vertuous  in  werkyng, 
To  wou?^dys  cloos,  &  ope  also, 
Yiff  yt  be  sofftly  leyd  therto 
Both  Avyth  hand  and  instrument ; 
If  or  lechys  sholden  off  entent 
Soffte  handle  the  soor  to  seke,"  u  and  seeke  St.] 

Yt  fyt^  hem  wel  to  be  meke  ;  [« sytte  st.] 

To  whom  a-cordeth  no  Rudnesse  ; 
They  sholde  avoyde  boystousnesse. 
Wou?idyd  folk  desyren  offte 
Off  lechys  to  ben  handlyd  soffte ; 


1512 


1516 


1520 


1524 


-  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  She  bigan  to  speke  to  hem,  and  seyde 
with-oute  flateringe,  '  Lonlinges,  that  thus  diuisen  and  speken  of 
youre  oynementes,  and  holdeu  heere  youre  parlement  of  eiioynt- 
inge  of  oother  folk,  vnderstoiideth  now  two  little  woordes  that  j 
wole  soone  haue  vnclosed  yow.     Oynenient  is,'  &c.,  p.  9. 


those  who 
are  not  aie 
"  felons," 


[leaf -26] 

and  injure 
those  whom 
tliey  should 
cure. 


Reason  bids  them  he  gentle  and  intifid,  not  revengcfal.     41 

'  Eudnesse  hem  doth  mor  damage 

Theni  the  oynement  avauwtage  ;  [iThawneSt.] 

Harmetli  offte  tymes  more 

To  swyche  as  that  be^  Avoiuidyd  sore  :  p  as  bethe  St.]   1528 

I  calle  hem  rude,  that  be  felon?; s, 

ffers  &  cruel  as  be  lyou/?s ; 

That  wyl,^  thorgh  ther  cruelte,  pwhuest.] 

On  every  thyng  a-vengyd  be  ;  1532 

Spare  ne  for-bere  ryht  nouht, 

They  be  so  vengable  in  ther  thouht. 

Swych  be  no  goode  surgyens, 

Lechys,  nor  physycyens,  1536 

Syke  flblkys  to  restore  ; 

ffor  the  wou?idys  they  hurte  more 

Thorgh  Eudnesse  in  ther  entent ; 

tfor  they  mynystre  ther  oynement  1540 

To  boystously,  &  no  thing  soffte  ; 

Wher-thorgh  they  hurte  &  slen  ful  offte, 

Wych  affter  may  nat  be  amendyd. 

And  for  thys  skyle  I  am  descendyd,  1544 

Kome  to  yow  in  sothfastnesse, 

That  ye  in  yow  ha  no  Eudnesse, 

Cruelte,  nor  felonye, 

"Wych  ar  douhtrys  to  envye.  1548 

'  Beth  pytous  vn-to  folkys  wou?idyd, 
Tyl  ye  han  her  sorys  sou??dyd, 
Debonayre  &  mercyable, 

Soffte,  goodly,  &  tretable.  1552- 

Tharme,  in  soth,  yt  may  nat  fayH 
That  your  oynementys  shal  avayH: 
To  syke  folke  on  euery  syde. 

That  for  ther  hele  on  yow  abyde.  1556 

Eemembreth  yow  vp-on  thys  poynt, 
How  ye  wer  Avhylom  ek  enoynt 
To  bekome  mor  debonayre  ; 
Nat  to  be  cruel  nor  contrayre, 
But  teschewe  al  ffelonye, 
And  tavoyde  malencolye ; 
And  no  vengau?ice  for  to  take, 
But  forgyue  for  Goddys  sake  ;  1564 


And  I  am 

come  that 
there  should 
be  no  cruelty 
in  you. 


Be  pitiful 
til  wounded 
folk ; 


then  your 
ointments 
will  be  of 


Ye  were 

anointed, 


1560     not  to  be 
cruel, 


but  to  avoid 
melancholy ; 
and  take  no 
vengeance, 


42    The  Vicar  asks  Reason  loliat  Ids  Hcnnis  and  Goad  are  fur. 


for  vengeance 
beloiiKetli 
unto  God.' 


[leaf  26,  back] 


The  Vioar 
answered. 


'Wliat,  tlieii, 
are  my  liorns 
for? 


and  wliat  is 
the  pood  of 
my  staff  with 
its  sharpened 
end?' 


'  My  friend, 
he  reason- 
able ; 


Mea  est  vleio,  &  ego 
retribuani.     Ueutero- 
noniie  (xxxii.  35). 

1568 


[St.  &  C] 

„       1572 

[Stowe  MS.] 

[St.  &  C] 
[Stowe  MS.] 

[St.  &C.]  1576 


'  Al  old  Eancour  for  to  lete  : 
ffor,  by  record  off  the  prophete 
In  hys  Sawys  that  ben  olde, 
God  liath  to  hy?ii  sylff  ■\v«'t7;-liolde 
Vengau?ice  to  hys  lugement ; 
And  ther-fore,  Avho  that  of  entent^ 
Wyl  wrastle  agey?i  yt,  this  the  cheff 
He  shaH:  not  faylle  to  han  mescheff.' 

AVhanne  Eesoun  hadde  hyr  tale  told, 
The  Vyker,  that  sempte  wonder  olde, 
Off  whom  I  tolde  yow  nat  in  vayn 

Moyses" 
Axed  of  Eesou?z  thus  agayn  : 
'  I  pray  yow  that  ye  nat  ne  spare, 
The  truthe  clerly  to  declare, 
The  moralyte  to  obserue, 
Wherof  sholde  myn  hornys  serve '? 
Thys  staff  ek,  wft/i  the  sharpe  poynt, 
Telleth  me  fro  poynt  to  poynt, 
Ee  they  nat  maad,  by  good  resonn, 
For  punysshynge  and  Correcciown ; 
Myn  liornys,  for  to  take  wralv* 
On  shrewes,  &  to  putte  abat? 
And  off  my  staff  ek,  wit/(  the  prykke, 
Chastysen  folkys  that  be  wykke, 
Eather  than  lyk  as  ye  me  tolde 
Her  a-forn,  how  that  I  sholde 
Enoynte  he?/i  -\viili  the  oynement  1 
Wher-vp-on  seyth  your  entent.' 

Resou?i  Answereth: 
'  My  fayre  frend,'  quod  tho  Eesouw, 
'  Tak  hed  in  thy  dy scree /ou?i ; 


^  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  And  therfor  who  so  wole  biiieme  it  Lim, 
to  yuel  ende  he  may  come,  p.  10. 

-  This  is  a  red  liue,  some  one  answering  the  preceding  speaker. 
The  Camb.  MS.  goes  on  :  Whan  resoun  hadde  thus  spoken, 
the  vicarie  of  whiche  j  seide  bit'ore,  answerde  hire  and  seide, 
"Sey  me,  j  praye  you,  if  ye  can,  whi  j  haue  thus  myn  lied  horned 
and  the  yerde  sharp  at  the  eende  ?  Is  it  not  for  to  do  jninish- 
inge  and  correccoun  of  yuel  dedes  ?  j  trowe  j  shulde  putte  and 
liurtle  the  yuel  folk  with  myne  homes,  and  prikke  hem,"  &c., 
p.  10, 


1580 


[st.&c]  1584 


1588 


1592 


Bcason  says,  Sinners  must  be  gentled  ere  tlieyre  jnmisht.    4* 


'  Vnderstond  me  euery  del  : 

I  wotiji  what  tliow  menest  \vel,      [i  wote  St.,  wot  c]      1596 

And  knowe  platly  thy  menyng*. 

Mesure  ys  good  in  euery  thyng^ : 

Thogh  thy«  hornys  &  pyk  also 

Be  yove^  to  the,  bothe  two,  p  st.,  c.  burnt] 

fEor2  Punysshyng  &  for  chastysyiig* 

Off  folkys  Eebel  in  werchyng* ; 

Yet  fyrst  thow  sholdest  hem  dyrecte, 

And  with  fayrnesse  hem  correcte, — 

Swych  as  thow  sey,  day  by  day,^        p  fro  day  to  day 


1600 


1601 

St.] 


there  is 
miideratioti  in 
nil  things. 


[leaf  27] 

You  must 
direct,  and 
punish  with 
fairness. 


[+  bih  om.  St.] 


En-yn  fro  the  hih*  Eyhte  way  ; — 

And  yiff  thow  fou?ide  hem  obstyiiat, 

That^  longeth  yt  to  thy?i  estat 

To  punysshen  hy»i  by  thyw  offyce, 

And  vp-on  lie?)i  don  ek  iustyce 

Egally  for  ther  offence  : 

The  la  we  yiwetli*^  the  lycence.  [Syevetbst.] 

'  But  ferst  thow  sholdest  trete  he/?i  fayre. 
Be  goodly  ek,  and  debonayre, 
And  don  alway  ful  gret  labour 
To  shewe  swetnesse  afor  Eygour. 
And  thogh  the  prykke  of  Eygour  be 
fifor  chastysyng*  y-yove  to  the, 
Be  alway  war,  touchyiig^  ryht : 
Whan  thow  chastysest  any  whyht, 
Do  yt  neue?'  by  suych  duresse 
But  yt  be  meynt  ay  with  suetnesse  ; 
Medle  wit/i-al  the  vnccyou/i 
Off  pyte  and  co?Hpassyou?i. 

'  In  thyn  entent  to  be  mor  clene, 
Thogh  thyn  hornys  be  sharp  &  kene 
To  punysshe  folk  by  ryhtwysnesse, 
Thow  sholdest  ay  the  poynt  so  dresse 
In  thy  Eygour  of  equyte, 
Eue?'e  in  hert  to  han  pyte 
On  hem  that  thow  hast  iustesyed. 
Let  mercy  with  ryht  be  so  alyed, 
And  thynk  how  many  day  to-forn, 
Or  thow  haddest  any  horn, 


[5  ?Than]       1608 


161: 


and  accord- 
ing to  tbe 

oft'ence. 


1616 


1620 


1624 


1628 


1632 


Tlionpli  your 
statT  [crosier] 
is  given  you 
to  punisli 
with. 


let  judgment 
ever  be  tem- 
pered with 
mercy. 


and  have  pity 
upon  those 
wliom  you 
have  "jus- 
ticed." 


44  Reason  says:   Imitate  the  mild  Moses;    he  merciful. 

'  Thow  wer  Eenoyiit :  thynk  ther  vp-on^ 
[ieaf27,back]   Lat  jt  iiot  fro  thy  mynde  gon  [st.  &c.]  1636 

Which  thing,  wha?i  thow  dost  aduerte,  ,, 

Remember       Yt  shaH  ucsshe  ful  wel  thvii  liei'te 

tliat  you  were  ■^  " 

fore  "ou  we're    ^^"^^^^  5'^  IS  harde  or  out  of  loyilt,  [Stowe] 

horned,           'j^q  ponysshc  01*  smyte  with  the  poynt,  [st.  &c.]  1640 

Or  with  thyn  homes  to  hurtle  sore  :  ,, 

Ha  this  in  niyndiJ  euer  more,  „ 

To  medle  mercy  wit/i  equyte.  „ 

'  Eemembre  also  ful  wel,  and  se  „       1644 

and  forget  not   ^hat  he,  of  Avhom  tliow  art  vyker, 

whose  vicar  '  «^  ' 

you  are.  ^^ J  ^hose  to  be  hyS  off ycer,  ^^'•'^'  ^^oyses  vir  mitisM. 

Was  humble,  meke,  &  debonayre. 

Chary  table,  &  nat  contrayre  :  1648 

and  follow       Of  whom  thow  shalt  exau?»ple  take, 

Ills  example.  J^  ' 

To-forn-  or  thow  thy  domys  make.  \}  To  fern  St.] 

Hornyd^  he  was  by  apparence,      P  Hornyd  St.,  ms.  torn  c] 
ijTat  vsyng^  he;»  by  vyolence  :  1652 

Thys  was  that  holy  Moyses 
Moses  led  the  That  ladde  al  Israel  in  pees 

Israelites  ^ 

Red  Sea  "'^     Myddys  thorgh  the  large  see  ; 

And  wnili  hys  yerde,  thys  was  he  1656 

That  passede  the  floodys  raage, 

And  made  lie»i  liaue  good  passage. 
'  Vnderstondeth  thys  lessoti?i, 

Ye  that  han  in  subieccmvM  1660 

Peplys  vnder  your  prelacye, 

To  lerne  how  ye  shal  \\Qm  guye. 
and  you  have    Thocrli  ye  be  hoinyd  to  svth'*  outward,         [♦  sight  St.] 

people  under  o      ^  ^  ^ 

y"»=   ,,  Shewe  as  they  wer  styff  &  hard,  1664 

remember  •'  "^  ' 

this  lesson,      Lj^j^  \\Q\VL  nat  groweu  in  your  herte 

To  make  your  shep  /  to  sore  smerte. 
and  be  merci-   Thogli  VG  shewB  /  out-ward  dredful, 

fnl  inwardly  O      J  I  ' 

whatever         Beth  in  your  liertys  mercyful,''  1668 

yon  are  out-  ''  ''  •/         ' 

wardly. 

1  Camb.  MS.  reads :  Bithinke  thee  that  thou  were  enoyiited 
er  thow  were  homed,  and  er  thow  liaddest  any  juikke,  and  er 
thow  haddest  any  yerde  or  staf,  And  tliat  ouhte  niichel  softe 
thee  whan  thow  wolt  correcte  any  wyght.  thou  shuldest  not  also 
foryete  of  whom  thow  doost  the  viearishipe,  p.  11. 

*  Camb.  ]\1S.  reads :  And  be  merciable  with-inne,  wliat-euere 
thow  be  with  oute  ;  Fallas  tliou  miht  make  heer-inne  with-oute 
inisdoinge,  p.  11,  omitting  all  between  lines  1671  and  1699. 


Reason  cites  Aristotle,  and  bids  Church-Rulers  he  gentle.     45 


'  Dyssymule,  and  inak  in  swycli  caas 

Off  Elenchoru??t  a  fallaas.  [^t.  &  c] 


[leaf  28] 


[St.  &  C] 


Verba  Translatoris. 
[C.  &St.]  1672 


['  Boolys  St.] 


(Elenchus  ys  a  syllogysme, 

Or  by  fallaas,  a  Sophisme, 

Thyng^  that  hatli  on  Apparence 

WM-outen  eny  Existence ; 

Or  an  argument  in  shewynge 

AVych  in  effect  hath  no  beynge 

Affter  tlie  thyng  that  yt  doth  shewe.) 

H  And  thcr-fore,  in  wordes  fewe, 

To  the  purpos  vallyable, 

An  exau?nple  ful  notable 

To  folk  that  be  not  rekkeles, 

Putteth  Arystotyles  : 

In  Elenchis  thow  mayst  rede 

He  byddeth  for  to  take  in  dede 

A  Boelys^  galle,  &  ther-w^t7i-al 

On  bord,  on  cloth,  or  on  a  wal 

Portreye  or  peynte,  as  I  ha  told, 

And  yt  wyl  resemble  gold 

By  apparence  vn-to  the  syht, 

Yiff  yt  be  vernysshed  cler  &  bryht. 

^  And  sothly,  who  that  loke  "vvel, 

Off  gold  ther  ys  neuer  a  del, 

But  apparence,  to  deceyne 

ffolkys  that  kan  not  vel^  parceyve 

The  feynte  colour  in  hys  kynde. 

K  By  wych  exau?»ple  ban  in  mynde, 

Thogh  thow  be  hornyd  on  thyn  bed, 

To  shewe  outward  a  tookne  of  drede 

Vn-to  folk  that  be  contrayre, 

Yet  ay  be  inward  debonayre. 

'  Tak  exau?»ple  off  thy  staff 
Wych  Grace  Dieu  vn-to  the  gaff  : 
Tliogh  the  poynt  be  sharp  &  kene, 
Yt  ys  vpward,  pleyn,  siiiothe  &  clene ; 
The  myddys  ryht  as  any  lyne, 
Aboue,  crokyd  to  enclyne  ; 
Sygnefyyng  vn-to  the^ 
^  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  Dowte  not  that  that  [yerde]  ue  tokeneth 


[2  wel  St.] 


1676 


1680 


1684 


1688 


1692 


1696 


1700 


1704 


Take  :in  ex- 
ample of  Aris- 
totles  : 


A  hull's  gMll 
niljbeJ  oil  a 
board 


will  look 
exactly  like 
gold. 


So  you, 
tbougli  you 
show  dread- 
ful witliout 
be  merciful 
within. 


Your  etaflf 
should  teach 
you  hurailily, 


46 


Reason  explains  the  meaning  of  the  Pontiff's  Staff, 


[leaf28,bacU] 


and  to  punish 
Willi  equity. 


Ever  sliow  a 
sign  of  love  to 
men. 


Your  etaflf 
is  a  sign  of 
autliority ; 


with  it  you 
shall  conduct 
men  over  the 
deep, 


and  provide 
bridges  wlien 
necessary. 


Hence  your 
name  is 
l^ontifex 
or  Bridge- 
maker. 


[leaf  29] 


'HVhan  thou  punysshest  by  Equyte   ['-istoweMS.] 

That  ther-with-alle  thow  ha  mekenesse 

Al-way  to  drawe  by  sofftenesse  t  Ysidorus/ Bonus  rector 

•J  J  in  humilitate  se-cuat  disc 

Thy  shepe  that  gon  out  of  the  way, 

Rather  by  ffayrenesse  than  affray. 

Whan  they  retornen  home  ageyn, 

Lat  ay  thy  Charyte  be  seyn,^ 

That  yt  surmouwte  thy  rygour.  [st.  &  c] 

Remembre  alle-way  at  ther  Eetour  ,, 

Above  al  maner  other  thyng,  „ 

Vp-on  ther  elthe  &  dmendyng' ; 

Schew  hem  ener  of  lone  a  sygne, 

And  in  thy  drauht  be  ay  benygne, 

Voyde  of  rancour  &  felonye  ; 

Than  dostow  trewly  occupye 

The  staff  wycli  thou  liast  on  honde. 

'  ffor  thow  shalt  well  vnderstonde 
Yt  tokeueth  (who  that  kan  concerne,) 
That  tliow  shalt  ther-wi't/i  governe 
The  peplys  (I  dar  wel  specefye,) 
Commyttyd  to  thy  prelacy e  ; 
INIak  hem  passe  (thys  thy  charge,) 
The  Ryuer  of  thys  world  ful  large. 
Thy  2  staff,  to  ther  a-vauwtage  [=  Thy  st.,  My  c] 

Shal  conduite^  ther  passage;  p conduyte st.] 

ffychche  the  pyk  profound  &  depe 
In-to  the  wawes,  hem  to  kepe. 

'  And  with  al  thys,  thow  most  take  hede 
Off  plank  or  bregge,  yiff  they  nede  : 
Yiff  they  ffayH,  thow  shalt  on  make, 
As  thow  art  bounde  for  her  sake; 
And  for  that  cause,  folkys  alle, 
Pontifex  they  doth  the  calle, 
Makyng  a  bregge,  thys  to  seyne, 
The  passage  that  they  may  atteyne. 
Vndcrstond  wel  thys  lcssou?i 
Lyke^  myn  inf ormacyou?^ ;  [♦stoweMs.] 

IT  Yet  ouermore  I  shal  the  teche, 


1708 


est  qui 
ipliiium. 


1712 


1716 


1720 


1724 


1728 


1732 


1736 


1740 


1744 


tliat  ther  shulde  be  in  the,  humblesse,  whau  thou  chastisest  by 
equitee,  p.  11. 


and  tells  hoio  he  drove  out  the  Horned  Beast  of  Hell.       47 

'  Yiff  thow  take  hed  to  my  speche, 

Toucliyng^  thyn  liornys  bothe  two, 

Thy  staff  ek,  w/t/t  the  pyk  also.  1748 

f  Whylom  her  ther  dyde  dwelle  a  honted""" 

Tliornyd  best  wych  lyeth  in  helle,  ^^^  i" 

Makynge  here  hys  mansion  [st.  &  c]  I'e'e- 

And  longe  held  her^  pocessyon),      [i  here  St.]      „       1752 

Lordshepe  ek  &  goue/-naunce, 

Wych  was  gret  dysplesau?;,ce 

To  Grace  Dieu,  that  he  so  sholde 

Abyden  her,  as  I  the  tolde.  1756 

And  Tavoyde?i  fro  thys  place  out  Grace''''" 

Thys  hornyd  best,  and  tenchase,  Uonlsf  ^"^ 

She  callede  the,  lyk  as  I  fynde, — ■ 

I  trow  thow  haue  yt  wel  in  mynde, —  1760 

Gaff  the  hornys  in  sentence 

Wiih  hym  to  stonden  at  diffence. 

The  staff  also,  wych  I  off  telle, 

Sche  took  to  the,  hym  to  expelle ;  1764 

Armede  the  of  entenc*ouM  ^.'^^^  ^™J''^ 

(Lyk  tamygbty  champyou??,)  [to  am.]  your  staff, 

Wz't/i  thys  hornys  that  I  of  spak, 

On  thys  beste  to  take  wrak,  1768 

To  make  hym  fro  thys  hous  to  lie,  t''.'^'' y"" . 

J  -J  '  iniglit  drive 

By  power  that  she  gaff  to  the  :  m."''*'^' 

The  vntrewe  false  enherytonr, 

That  was  her  lord  &  gouernour,  1772 

And  long  tyme  pocessyowner, 

Tyl  thow  dydest  thy  dever,^ 

As  Grace  Dieu  the  tauhte  a-ryht, 

To  putte  \\jm  out  by  verray  myght,  1776 

Thorgh  hurtlyng^  of  thyn  hornys  tweyne ; 

And  dyst  also  thy  bysy  peyne, 

'With  thy  staff  to  make  hy?«  flee, 

Maugre  hys  myght  &  hys  powste.  1780  ^'^^p^'^o^''^ 

-  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  Thow  liurtledest  liim  with  thine  homes 
.  .  .  And  thow  beete  him  with  thi  yerde  whan  thou  madest  him 
goon  out  of  the  place.  The  tweyne  faire  labelles  hanginge  at 
thine  tweyne  homes  thou  conqneredest  at  the  clensinge,  and 
sweepinge,  and  poorginge  of  the  place,  and  that  was  whan  thou 
dediedest,  and  halwedest,  and  blissedest  the  place,  p.  12. 


48  Reason  says  Grace  Dicu  wishes  her  House  always  'protected. 


[leaf  29,  back] 


The  two 
labels  on  your 
bonis  you  ob- 
tained vvlieii 
you  overcame 
the  beast, 


and  hallowed 
the  place. 


Grace  Dieu 

wills  that  vou 
shall  be  al'- 
ways  armed. 


so  that  all 
may  lear  you 
anci  remem- 
ber how  you 
vanquished 
the  foe, 


and  you  be 
ever  rea<iy  to 
defend  the 
mansion  of 
Grace  Dieu. 


^Thogh  he  Avere  sory  to  departe,      ['— '  stowe  ms.,  leaf  so] 
Thow  dyst  tliat  relou?i  so  coarte, 
That  here  he  durst[e]  nat  abyde. 

'  And  eke  vpoii  that  other  syde,  1784 

The  two  Labellys,  large  and  longe/ 
Hangynge  by  thyn  hornys  stronge,  [st.  &  C] 

Ar  Fygure  of  the  co?iqueste  „ 

That  thow  madest  on  thys  beste,  ,,      1788 

And  of  the  Clensynge  of  thys  place,  [c.  &  st.] 

Wasshe  &  swept  only  by  grace,  „ 

I  mene  fyrst  at-  the  halwyng,  [^stowe] 

yt  makyng*  hooly  by  blessyiig*, 
Lyk  a  myghty  champyoiuj 
In  the  dedycacyou« ; 
Wych  for  to  don,  as  yt  ys  skyl, 
Off  Grace  Dieu  thys  ys  the  wyl : 
That  thow  be  armyd  offte  sythe, 
As  a  vyctor,  thy  niyght  to  kythe, 
That  thylke  best  most  coutrayre 
Be  neuer  hardy  to  repay  re, 
I^or  yt  tassaylle  by  no  Avrong', 
Whan  he  seth  thy?j  armour  strong* ; 
Wych  ar  sygnes  in  substaunce 
Ay  to  be  put  in  remembraunce. 
How  thow  hast  ve?iquysshed  &  fordon) 
Thylke  vntrewe  fals  felon). 
Bete  &  oppressyd  fynally  ; 

And  that  thow  mayst  ben  ay  redy,  1808 

ffressh  &  newe  ay  to  bataylle 
Ageyws  aH  that  wyl  assaylle, 
At  alle'*  tyme  &  ech  sesouw,  [*aiie  st.,  ai  c] 

Off  Grace  Dieu  the  ma^syouw,  1812 

Or  yt  dyspoylle  in  any  wyse, 
Eobbe  or  reue  yt  in  ther  guyse, 
By  ^  sleythe,  f alshed,  or  any  whyle,  p  stowe] 

Grace  Dieu  ff or  to  exile  ^  1816 


1792 


1796 


1800 


1804 

[3  bore  douK  St.] 


^  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  And  dispoile  it  of  liire  f:;oodes  bi  dymes, 
and  taxes  bi  violences  and  by  extorciouns.  But  ther  of  as  j 
wot  wel  of  sooth,  thou  doost  not  well  thi  denoir,  For  thi  self 
grauntest  hem,  and  shewest  the  weyes  to  haiie  lieni,  the  which 
thing  grace  dieu  halt  no  game,  p.  12. 


Beason  farther  explains  the  Fontiff's  Horns. 


49 


*  By^  dyuers  extorsyons  [>sto\ve] 

Of  clymes  or  Siibvencioiis,  [c.  &  St.] 

or  taylladges  [iJffoiuKle  neAve, 

By  Exaccions  fuH  vntrewe  :  „       1820 

Yif£  thow  yt  suffre,  ff er  or  ner,  [St.  &  c] 

Thow  dost  not  trewly  thy  deuer, 

Whan  thow  fyndest  or  dost  espye 

Sotyl  wej'^es  ffor  flatrye  „       1824 

To  spoylle  of  Grace  Dieu  the  hous 

By  any  tytles  ravynous, 

Thow  dost  to  hyre  no  plesaunce, 

But  gret  A-noye  &  dystourbaii^ce.  1828 

I  say,  as  yt  lyth  in  my  thouht, 

Platly  the  trouthe,  &  spare  yt  nouht : 

H  Thyn  hornys  liih  vp  on  thyn  hed, 

Kor  thy  staff,  (yt  ys  no  dred,  1832 

I  dar  pleynly  specefye,) 

Ar  but  tooknes  of  mokerye, 

Lych  hornys  of  a  lytell  snayl, 

Wych-  serue  for  noon  avayl,         .  pwiuchest.]  1836 

But  for  a  lytel  strawli  wyl  shrynke  : 

Her-vp-on  thow  sholdest  thynke. 

'  Swych  hornys  hadde  nat  Sey?^  Thomas, 
That  kepte  the  entre  &  the  paas  1840 

ful  myghtyly  agey?i  the  kyng^, 
And  wolde  suffre  for  no  thyng* 
Hym  to  entren  in-to  thys  hous  ; 

But,  as  a  champyou?^  vertuous,  1844 

Kepte  the  fredam  &  frau?«chyse, 
And  suffrede  in  no  maner  wyse 
The  house  of  Grace  Dieu  at  al 

ffor  to  serue,  nor  to  be  thral :  1848 

Eather  he  ches  to  dey  &  sterue 
Than  suffre  that  yt  sholde  serue, 
Thys  holy  bysshop  Seyn  Thomas. 
•^  Seynt  Ambrose^  in  the^  same  caas         i*  thisst.]  1852 

3  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  Of  seiiit  Ambrose  also  j  sey  tliee  that 
defended  his  hous  ayeus  emperoiires  aud  emperises,  so  that  he 
was  lord  ther-of  alone.  'Yoiue  paleys,'  quod  he,  'ye  haue  youre 
toures,  youre  castelles,  and  your  citees,  with  the  reuenewes  of 
the  empire.     Wei  ouhte  this  to  suffice  yow,'  p.  12. 

PILGRIMAGE.  E 


[leaf  30] 


[prose,  p.  xii] 


If  you  do  not 

do  this, 


yovir  honis 
and  staff 
are  hut  a 
mockery. 


and  your 
horns  are  no 
better  than 
a  snail's. 


[Cap.  xvi] 


St.  Thomas 
did  not  act 
so. 


but  fought 
ni.'iii  fully  for 
Grace  Dieu. 


50 


[leaf  30,  back] 


St.  Ambrose 
also  refused 


to  allow 
Emperor 
or  Empress 


to  touch  the 
heritage  of 
Christ. 


Ami  so  your 
liorns  should 
be  for  a  de- 
fence of  the 
Cliurch, 


and  your 
staff  to  de- 
mand of  Pha- 
raoh to  let 
the  people  go 
free. 


[leaf  31] 


Then  ynu 
would  he 
truly  called 
Moses.' 


Beason  still  expounds  the  Hwns  and  Staff. 

^  Deffendyd  myghtyly  also  ['— '  stowe  ms.,  leaf  37] , 

Hys  hous,  lyk  as  he  slioldl-  do, 

Ageyn  the  sturdy  Emperour, 

By  dyllygence  and  grete  labour ;  1856 

Tolde  hym  that  he  shuldii  kepe 

Oonly  hys  Temperall  Lordshepe,^ 

Hys  paleys  &  hys  maIlsyou7^s,  [st.  &c.] 

Hys  cytes,  castelle-s  &  hys  tou?2S  ;  ,,      1860 

The  Eevennues  ther-oif  ytake,  „ 

And  ther-with-al,  murye  h.jin  make  ;  „ 

Wych  ouhte  ynowh  to  hjin  suffyse, 

And  entermet  h.ym  in  no  wyse  1864 

Touchyng^  Cristys  herytage ; 

And  sayde,  for  al  hys  felle  rage, 

That  he  wolde  rather  deye 

Than  suffre  in  any  maner  weye  1868 

Durynge  hys  tyme,  short  or  long*, 

He-  sholde  ther-to  done  any  wrong'.  [^  stowe] 

Thys-  folk,  to  iwyn  oppynyou?^, 

Vsede^  ther  hornys  by  Eesou??,  1872 

As  2  I  to  the  ha  told  ryht  now. 

And,  by  exaii??iple,  so  sholdyst  thow 

Bar  thyn  hornys  for  dyfifence, 

And  suffre  that  no  vyolence  1876 

Were  ydon  vn-to  thy  spouse 

Wych  ys  so  ffayr  &  vertuouse, 

Weddyd  to  the  by  iuste  weddyng* : 

I  take^  record  of  the  ryng*,  [3  stowe]  1880 

On  ^  thy  fynger  that  thow  dost  vse ; 

Therfor  thow  mayst  the  nat  excuse 

Off  the  yerde  nor  the  wond' 

Wych  thow  beryst  in  thyn  bond,  1884 

To  seyn  manly  to  Pharao, 

(As  of  ryht  thow  sholdest  do,) 

To  suffre  thy  folkys  to  go  fre. 

As  they  ouht  of  lyberte  ;  1888 

Nat  to  greue  hem,  nor  oppresse, 

Nor  constreyne  hem  by  duresse. 

H  Than  sholdestow  (yt  ys  no  les,) 

Be  trewely  callyd  Moyses,  1892 


Two  Pilgrims  come  to  he  married.     JVJiat  is  7ieedfuL 


51 


Ryht  agreable  by  vertu 

Vn-to  that  lady,  Grace  Dieu, 

And  of  servyse  acceptable 

To  that  lady  worshepable.'  1896 

IF  In  thys  whyle  that  dame  Eesou?z 

Hadde  comunycacyou?i 

Wyth  Moyses,  ryht  ther  with-a.! 

The  forseyde  offycyal  1900 

Ys  \fith  hys  oynementys  gon, 

And  putte  hem  in  warde  a-noon  : 

That  they  wer  sauff,  I  dar  wel  seye, 

Closyd  vnder  look  &  keye.  1904 

Ordre  off  maryage : 
And  tho,  myn  Eye  as  I  vp  caste, 
I  sawe  komen^  wonder  faste  p  saughe  komyng  st] 

A  pylgrym  al  sodeynly, 

Holdyng  hys  weye  fynally,  1908 

(As  me  thouht  in  hys  entent), 
Drawynge  in-to  the  oryent ; 
And  euene  in  the  opposyt 
I  saAve  ek  kome  by  gret  delyt  1912 

[5  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.^ 
A  ■wo?nman,  wych  that  was  also 
A  pylgrym  ek  ;  &  bothe^  two,  p  bothe  St.,  both  C] 

Her  Avey  took  in  especyal 

To-Avard  y s  the  off y cyal  ^ ;  1916 

Sayde  vn-to  hym,  they  bothe  a-noon,  [st.  &  c] 

HoAv  they  AA'olde  to-gyder  gon  „ 

On  pylgrymage  in  ther  degre  ,j 

To  lerusaleem,  the  Cytee,  [stowe,  leaf  38,  back]  1920 

'  So  ye  teche  vs,  and  dysserne  „ 

HoAV  that  we  shaH:  vs  gouerne,  [St.  &  c] 

To  be  sur,  in  oure  passage,  „ 

To  ffulfylle  our  pylgrymage.'  „       1924 

Tha?me  anoon  Thoffycyal, 

Whan  he  knew  ther  menyng<  al, 

Tolde  hem,  yiff  they  wolde  gon, 

3  Camb.  MS.  goes  on  :  And  eclie  of  hem  took  him  his  hand, 
and  he  took  hem  and  ioyned  hem  to-gidere,  and  sithe  seide  hem, 
as  me  thouhte,  '  ye  tweyne  shule  be  bothe  con,  and  iche  of  yow 
here  tiowthe  to  oother,'  p.  13. 


[Cap.  xvii] 
While  Reason 
thus  talked  to 
Moses, 


the  official 
put  his  oint- 
ments under 
lock  and  key. 


Tlien  I  saw 
a  man  from 

the  East, 


and  a  woman 
from  the 
AVest,  ap- 
proacli  the 
official. 


who  joined 
their  hands 
together, 


More  Advice  to  the  Pilgrims  about  to  Marry. 


and  hade 
them  live  in 
unity  and 
love, 


and  promise 
with  an  oatli 


that  they 
would  do  as 
he  com- 
manded 
them. 


It  would  be 
better  for 
them  to  be 
alone. 


[leaf  32] 


than  to  be 
untrue  to 
each  other. 


1932 


[1  Stowe] 


Tliey  were  to 
swear  to  live 
together  in 
peace. 


They  most  of  lierte  be  al  on,  1928 

Tweyne  in  on,  &  on  in  tweyne, 

Both  in  loye  &  ek  in  peyne ; 

And  so  to-gydre  ay  perseuere, 

Tyl  that  deth  make  hem  dysseuere. 

Seyde^  ek  to  hem,  'look  that  ye 

In^  trouthe,  &  in  stablete  [stabyitee  St.] 

Yee^  loue  to-gydre  as  ye  sholde, 

Whether  ye  be  yong^  or  olde ; 

And  that  your  trouthe  on  outher  syde 

Perpetuelly  in  on  a-byde, 

To  your  last,  that  yt  endure  : 

^  And  that  ye  shal  to  me  Assure 

Both  be  feyth  &  ek  by  oth ; 

And  beth  wel  war,  for  leff  or  loth, 

That  ye,  for  no  varyau?ice, 

Ne  brake  nat  your  assurau??ce  ; 

ffor  yiff  ye  don),  ^ye  be  forswoni) ; 

And  ek  I  warne  yow  to-forn, 

Yiff  that  ye  don-  in  dede  or  thouht, 

fful  lytel  shal  a-vaylle,  or  nouht, 

Than  vn-to  yow  your  vyage, 

Your  labour,  nor  your  pylgrymage. 

Yt  wer  "wel  bet,  to  my?i  entent, 

That  ech  of  yow  allone  went, 

Sool  by  hym  sylff,  and  nat  trespace, 

Than  be  fouude  on^  any  place 

Yntrewe  to  hys  co??zpanye ; 

ffor,  gret  forfet  &  folye 

Yt  ys,  a  man  for  to  be  founde 

Vntrewe  to  hy?n  that  he  ys  bou?Kle. 

IT  But  yiff  your  Avyl  of  both  yfFeere 

Be  parfyt,  hool,  &  ek  entere 

To  gon  to-gydre,  (lat  now  se,) 

On  pylgiymage  to  that  cyte, 

Whyder  to  gon  I  caste  also, 

Ye  most  suerue  her,-^  bothe  two,      [*  sweron  here  St.]     1964 

On  euery  part,  for  old  or  newe. 

That  ech  to  other  shal  be  trcwe, 

So  tenduren,  al  your  lyff. 


1936 


1940 


1944 

om.  St.,  leaf  39] 


1948 


1952 


[3  in  St.] 


1956 


1960 


Folic  ash  Closes  for  a  Service.     He  clips  their  Crowns.      58 


They  pro- 
mised all 
these, 


and  then  the 
official  re- 
turned again 
to  Moses, 


*  WztA-oute»  werre  or  any  stryff ;  19G8 

Off  on  hert  &  entencyon), 

Neuere  to  make  dyuysyon), 

Nor  departyng^  caiiseles, 

"WM-oute  assent  of  Moysees.'  1972 

Affter  al  thys,  A-noon  rylit 
I  sawll  hem  bothe  trouthe  plylit. 
Hand  in  hand  ybou/ide  faste  ; 

Eue?"e,  whyl  ther  lyif  may  laste,  1976 

So  to  co?ztinue?i  &  endure, 
Ther  feyth  by  oth  they  dyde  assure, 
ffor  eue?-mor  :  lo  her  ys  al. 

And  thanne  A-noon  the  offycyal  1980 

Ys  retonrnyd  in  certeyn 

Hooni  to  Moj'ses  ageyn, 

Wych  stood  of  entenciou?i 

To  here  the  talkyng*  of  Eesour;.  19 Si 

Ther-to  he  sette  al  hys  entent ; 

But  at  the  last  ther  parlement 

Yendyd  ys,  for  so  gret  pres^ 

Kam  a-doii?i  to- Moyses,  [^vn-tost.]  1988 

Requeryng  hyni  in  hu//ible  wyse  [st.  &  c] 

To  graunten  hem  somme  seruyse  „ 

In  hys  hous,  off  gentyllesse.  „ 

And  he  full  goodly  gan  hym  dresse,    [stoweMs.,  leafso,  bk-.] 

As  I  conceyved  with  my  look,  „      1993 

[4  lines  Hank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.']    [Sacramentum  ordinis  st] 

And  a  peyre  of  sherys  took, 

Merkede^  he»i  (I  took  good  lieed,)  p  jiarkede  St.] 

On  foure  parteys  of  ther  bed  ;  199G 

And  affter  that,  vp-on  the  crowne, 

To-forn)  hym  as  they  knelii  dou??., 

Seyng*  to  he??i  stondyng-'  a-part, 

<That  God  shal  be  the  hoole  part  2000 

Pleynly  of  ther  enherytau?ice, 

As*  ther  Eychesse  &  suffysau?ece  :  [*stowe] 

Ther-of  they  may  be  wel  certeyn.' 

1  Camb.  ]VIS.  reads :  But  as  tliei  wereu  .  .  .  speken,  a  gret 
cumpany  of  folk  matlen  cesse  here  parlement  auoon.  Bifore 
Moises  ihei  comeu,  and  maden  him  reqneste  that  sum  seruice  in 
his  hous  he  wolde  yiue  hem  and  graunte  hem,  p.  13. 


[leaf  32,  back] 
to  whom  a 
crowd  soon 
came  asking 
service  in  Lis 
house. 


[Cap.  xviii] 


Then  Moses 
took  a  pair 
of  shears, 
and  shaved 
their  crowns. 


54 


Beason  Justifies  Head-shaving.     She  promises  Help. 


[Cap.  six] 


Then  Reason 
drew  near. 


saying, 
'  To  sliave 
the  bead  is 


deemed  a 
folly  by  some 
men. 


Deaf  S3] 


but  not  by 
me. 


Whoever 
may  envy 
you,  I  will 
not. 


Wherever 
you  dwell 
you  will  be 
known  for 
true  men. 


Resou?*  dLgejn'. 

And  tha/me  Eesoii)  effte  ageyn,  2001 

(Lych  as  I  shal  yow  devyse,) 

Gan  to  spekyn  in  thys  wyse  : 

'  Syrs,  taketli  hed,'  a-noon  quod  she, 

'  Som  Avhyle,  as  semeth  vn-to  me,  2008 

Yt  ys  wysdom),  ryht,  &  no  wrong, 

To  feyne  foly  euere  a-mong, 

Thogh  ye  now,  also  God  me  saue, 

Ben  yclypyd  &  yshaue  2012 

Vp-on  your  liedys  eue?ychon), 

Wycli  tliyng  ys  dempte  of  many  on 

fful  gret  vnwyt  &  gret  ffolye 

Off  malys  &  malencolye ;  2016 

They  deme  so  malycyously, 

But  trewly  so  do  nat  I.  [c.  &  St.] 

ffor  as  in  myn  oppynyon  „ 

I  deme  yt^  gret  dyscreccioii),         [i  stowe,  leaf  4o]         2020 
And  ful  gret  wyt  that  ye  ha  do, 

And  for  that  skyle  taketh  hede  ther-to. 

IT  To  be  youres,  of  entent, 

Hooly  to  yow  I  me  present  2024 

As  your  paramoire  entere ; 

And  who-so-eue?"e  (as  ye  shal  lere,) 

Gruchche,  or  haue  envye  ther-to, 

Al-way  forth  I  wyl  be  so.  2028 

ffor  trusteth  wel,  that  I  am  she 

By  whom  that  ye  yknowe  be 

ffrom  other  bestys — lo  her  ys  al — 

And  seueryd  in  especyal.  2032 

II  And  pleynly,  ek,  I  kan  yow  telle, 
Al  the  whyl  that  I  dwelle 

With  yow,  A-mongys  hyh  &  lowe, 

ffor  verray  men  ye  shal  be  knowe,  2036 

Thorgh  Avysdom  &  thorgh  prouydence. 

And  haue  A  verray  dyfference 

ffrom  other  bestys  to  dyscerne 

How  ye  shal  your  sylif  gouerne.  2040 

Al  the  whyle  that  ye  me  holde 

With  yow  tabyde,  as  I  tolde, 


Reason  cant  'put  u]i  with  Sins. 


55 


'  Ye  shal  be  men,  &  ellys  naulit  ^ ; 
And  yiff  the  trouthe-  be  wel  souht, 
Whan  that  I  am  fro  vow  gon, 
Ye  may  avaiuite  (&  that  a-noon,) 
That  ye  be  (thys,  no  fable) 
Eestys  &  vnresownable, 
Uyspurveyed  of  al  Eesou?^,^ 
And  voyde  of  al  dyscrecc/ou?j ; 
For  yiff  ye  wante  shortly  me, 
Yee  may  neuere  in  no  degre 
(Though  yee  euere  do  youre  peyne,) 
Worshipe,  off  youre  sylff  atteyne 
^OY  clynibe  to  no  gret  honour 
But  yiff  ye  ban  of  me  socour  ; 
Thogh  ye  be  lordys  of  estat. 
Proud  of  your  port,  &  eke  ellat, 
Lytel  to  yow,  al  may  avaylle 
W^'t7i-oute■  me,  yt  ys  no  faylle, 
ffor  to  make  your  lugementys, 
Syllogysmes,  or  Argumentys, 
Or  of  Wysdam  any  thyng ; 
Wit/i-oute  me,  thys  no  lesyng. 
Ye  shal  ha  no  co?iclusyon, 
But  fynally  confusyon). 
H  ffor  wych  I  caste  me  to  telle 
How  ye  shal  ha,  yiff  ye  lyst  dwelle, 
The  loue  of  me  on  enery  syde : 
Ye  most  ay  be,  &  so  abyde, 
That  ye  in  yow  ha  sobyrnesse, 
And  voyde  fro  yow  dronkenesse 
And  hyr  suster  glotonye, 
Wraththe,  Ire  &  ffelonye ; 
ffor  wher-so-euere  that  they  be, 
They  make  me  a- way  to  fie ; 
ffor  wher  they  make  her  mansyou?^, 
I  leve  that  habytacyou?*. 
Venus  thenys  doth  me  chase, 


[1  nought  St.] 
[2  trouthe  St.] 


2044  But  if  I 

leave  you, 
ypu  will 
become  as  un- 
reasonable 
beasts, 


2048 


[St.  &C.] 

[leaf  33,  back] 

5) 

)> 

2052 

)> 

[St.,  leaf  41] 

and  lack  all 
honour. 

[St.  &  C] 

2056 


2060 


2064 


2068 


however  high 
or  wise  you 
may  seem. 


If  I  am  to 
remain. 


2072    Drunken- 
ness, 

Gluttony  and 
Wrath  must 
be  banislied. 


2076 


3  Camb.  MS.  reads :  ye  be  but  as  doumbe  bestes,  and  as 
coltes  that  ben  clothed.  With-oute  me  ye  shul  neuere  haue 
wurshipe,  be  ye  neuere  so  grete  lordes,  p.  14. 


56     llic  Romance  of  the  Hose.   Reason  co-plains  the  Tonsure. 


Lust  will 
drive  me 
away, 


as  m.iy  be 
seen  in  the 
Romance  of 
the  Rose. 


[leaf  34] 


Wherefore 
flee  all  these 
vices. 


for  he  who 
does  not 
cannot  be 
my  friend. 
[Cap.  xx] 


Your  tonsure 
signifies 


tliat  you  are 
to  apply  your 
hearts  wholly 
to  God, 


avoiilins 
all  worldly 
cares. 


'  And  voj'Jeth  me  out  of  that  place,  2080 

As  yt  ys  sayd  &  told  ful  wel— 

Who  lyst  loken  eue/ydel, — 

Wtt7/-oute?i  any  mancr  glose, 

In  the  Eomau/ice  of  the  Eoose.  2084 

^  Wherfor  I  pray  yow  euerychon), 

ffor  to  kepe  yow,  on  by  on, 

ffro  thys-vyces  that  I  ha  told. 

And  from  al  other,  yong  and  old  ;  2088 

ffor  my  loue  that  ye  hem  fflee,  [c.  &  St.] 

Yiff  ye  lysten  han  freushepe  of  me.  „ 

^  ffor,  but  ye  yow  fro  vyces  kepe. 

Ye  shal  lese  the  frenshepe  2092 

Platly  of  me,  as  I  yow  tolde. 

And  Ifynally,  I  nat  ne  liolde 

Hym  for  my  frend,  (knowe  thys  ryht  wel,) 

That  yiveth  hys  body  euerydel  2096 

Vn-to  vyces,  euere  in  oon. 

H  And  two  wordys,  or  that  ye  gon, 

Shortly  to  yow,  &  nat  ne  spare. 

Openly  I  wyl  declare  2100 

Tookne  of  your  crowne,  cloos  wj't/i-Inne, 

And  at  the  cercle  fyrst  begy/nie. 

I  mene  the  closure  fer  with-owio. 

That  ys  cerclyd  round  a-boute  2104 

As  A  castel  or  strong  dou??.gou??-, 

Or  lyk  a  gardyn,  Avych  envyrou« 

Ys  closyd  viiih  a  myghty  Aval ; 

The  wych  (who  consydreth  al,)  2108 

"\V^■t^-Inne  ys  ope,  to  sygnefye, 

That  ye  to  God  sholde  hool  aplye 

Your  liertys,  to  hy?/i  so  enterly 

That  noon  affecc/on  Avorldly,  .  2112 

Nor  erthly  thyug,  ha  noon  eiitre. 

ffor,  lerncth  thys  .shortly  of  me  : 

Your  Cercle  round  aboute  the  bed 

Sholde  kepe  (yt  ys  no  dred,)  2116 

Off  your  hertys  the  closure, 

To  voyde  away  al  worldly  cure 

Out  of  your  affeccyon), 


Beason  ivarns  than  against  ll^orldly  Pleasures. 


57 


[StoweMS.,  Ieaf4:2] 

2125 

[St.  &  C] 
J) 

2128 


^  Dojninits  pai's  \iereditalis 
mee  /  (St.)    (Psal.  xv.  5.) 


You  must 
serve  God 
(lay  and 
night, 


And  sliewen  (in  couclusyoii)^)  2120 

That  ye  have  the  world  for-sake,  [st.  &  c]  [leaf at, back] 

And  of  herte  youre-sylff  ytake  „ 

Hooly  to  God,  off  wyl  entere  ;  „ 

For  ye  ne  may  not  bothe  yffere 

Serve  God,  and  the  worlde  also, 

And  be  trewe  in  bothii  two  : 

The  toon,  a-syde  most  be  layd. 

'  And  thynk  also  what  ye  ha  sayd 
God  ys  for  our  avau?2tage. 
Our  party,  &  our  herytage, 
Wliom  we  ha  chose  AVi't/i  al  our  myght 
ffor  to  serue  day  &  nyht.  2132 

By  wych  word,  so  God  me  sane, 
Me  thynketh  ye  sholde  no  loye  haue 
Of  thys  worldys  veyn  plesau«ce, 

"Wych  ys  so  ful  off  varyau?2ce,  2136 

So  ful  of  change  &  dovbylnesse  ; 
ffor  now,  to  oon  he  yyveth  Eychesse, 
Eobbeth  a-nother,  as  ye  may  se, 

And  cast  h.ym  in-to  pouerte ;  2140 

And  so??ime  he  yiveth  neueradel : 
Wherfore  loke  ye  kepe  wel 
The  part  off  your  elleccyoun. 

Off  herte  &  hool  entenc/ou?i,  2144 

That  ye  ha  chose,  yiff  ye  be  wyse, 
Wych  ouhte  ynowgh  to  yow  sutfyse  ; 
ffor,  as  in  co?;iparyson), 

Yt  passeth  al  pocessyon).  2148 

H  Lat  your  tonsurys,  round  at  al 
Close  your  hertys  as  a  wal ; 
And  that  yt  go  so  round  aboute 

ffor  to  sette'^  the  world  Wit/i-oute,        [^sUettest.]        2152 
And  yt  dysseuere  in  al^  thyng*,  [?  aiie  St.] 

And  your  party  so  departyng*, 
That^  ye  be  shorn  so  as  ye  sholde  [*  stowe] 

As"^  chose  shepe  of  Crystys  folde,  „      2156 


and  put  no 
tru.st  in  the 
changing 
plea.sures  of 
the  world. 


The  choice 
you  have 
made  sur- 
passes all 
earthly  pos- 
sessions. 


You  are  the 
chosen  sheep 
of  Christ's 
flock, 


^  Camb.  MS.  goes  on :  For  from  it  [tlie  world]  ye  miiste 
departe,  if  with  your  god  ye  wole  part.  Ye  mowuu  not  haue 
bothe  tweyne  to-gideres  ;  that  mown  ye  wel  wite,  ji.  14. 


58     Reason  on  the  Monies  Duty.     Moses  cqypoints  his  Officers. 


[leaf  3r.] 


and  the 
slieplierd 
shall  receive 
the  fleece ; 


but  lie  must 
not  shear  it 
out  of  mea- 
sure— only 
for  need. 


He  must; 
cherish,  not 

oppress  the 
flock.' 


[Cap.  xxi] 


Then  came  a 
crowd  to 
Moses, 


demanding 
to  be  made 
his  servants. 


He  made 
ushers,  cham- 
berlains, 
sergeants. 


[leaf  85,  back] 


Lyk  to  bestys  resoii?mable. 

Tha?me  of  ryglit  (yt  ys  no  fable) 

Your  sheppercle,  that  taketh  of^  yow  kcpe,      ['on  st.] 

Sclial  receyuen  off  hys  sliej)  2160 

The  flees  somwhyle  for  hys  travaylle ; 

But  he  shal  nat  so  yow  assay  lie, 

To  fleu  yow  fro  yowr  skyu  al  bare  ; 

In  swyche^  cas  he  moste  spare  ;        U-  swyciie  st.]         2104 

ffor  he  therto  hath  no  lycence, 

To  yow  to  don)  swych  vyolence. 

He  shal  yow  shern  duely  in  dede, 

^N'at  out  of  mesour,  but  for  nede,  2168 

Take  hys  part  hyni  to  sustene ; 

And  for  that  skyle,  thus  I  mene, 

That  he  shal  no  vengeau?ice  make  : 

Therfore  he  hath  the  sherys  take,  2172 

And  nat  the  knyfF,  to  Robbe  &  slen, 

And  folk  out  of  her  skyn  to  fflen ; 

But  cherysshe  hem  rather  by  fauour 

Than  oppresse  he??i  by  Eygour  :  2176 

Thus  sholde  eue^y  shepperde  do, 

Resouw  algate  techeth  so.' 

U  And  whan  thys  lady,  dame  Eesou/i, 

Hadde  y-endyd  hyr  sermou?^,  2180 

Ther  kam  folk  in  sondry  wyses, 

That  a-bood  to  ban  servyses, 

Ordre  off  Colyt : 

Made  ther  requeste  to  Moyses ; 

And  he,  Ainongys  al  the  pres  2184 

Assygnede  sondry  o£fycerys. 

And  soMime  off  he?«  he  made  hussherys, 

And  so?«me  also  he  ordeynys 

To  haue  ofFyce  off  chauwiberleyns  ;  2188 

And  sergauwtys  he  made  also, 

To  whos  offyce  yt  lougeth  to, 

The  Enmy  to  putte  away,-' 

Out  of  bodyes  nyht  &  day,  [st.  &c.]  2192 

*  Camb.  MS.  has,  'for  to  areste  and  putte  out  the  enemj'es 
that  ben  in  the  bodyes.  To  oothere  he  dide  gret  wurshipe  ; 
For  to  alle  he  yaf  to  be  rederes  of  his  paleys  and  to  prechc 
goddes  lawe,'  p.  15. 


Moses's  Officers  lay  and  cover  his  Table  for  Dinner.  59 


[St.  Jt  C] 
[Stowe  MS.,  leaf  43,  back] 

[St.  &  C] 


Wher  that  euere  by  bataylle 
He  ys  hardy  ffor  to  assaylle. 

Moses  eke,  who  lyst  take  hede, 
Ordeyned  Lystres  for  to  rede,  ,,      2196 

Myd  the  palys  for  to  stonde,  „ 

To  make  folke  to  vnderstonde  „ 

The  lawe,  by  ful  gret  avys, 

As  longeth  vn-to  her  offys.  2200 

And  sownne,  as  I  kan  beholde, 
He  made  kandelys  for  to  holde, 
And  torchys  for  to  yive  lyht ; 

By  ther  offyce,  as  yt  was  ryht,  2204 

Thay  held  hem,  as  I  toforn  ha  sayd, 
To-for  the  table,  whan  yt  was  layd  ; 
H  For  sone  he  sholde  to  dyner  gon. 
And  vnto  other  he  took  a-noon  2208 

Hys  syluer  cuppe  gylt  richely, 
And  bad  hem  maken  yt  redy 
To  serue?i  hy?«  the  same  tyme. 

And  some  also,  on  ther  lytft  syde,  2212 

Vp-on  ther  shulderys,  he  made  Aveere 
A  Tookne  off  Cryst,  &  yt  to  here, 
That  they  sholde  in  especyal 

Awayte  vp-on  thoffycyal,  2216 

As  trewe  seruau?«tys  off  entent, 
And  be  mynystres  dyllygent, 
ffeythful,  humble,  &  covenable 
ffor  to  serue  hy??t  at  the  table.  2220 

[8  lines  hlank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 

And  tha7i  they  gan,  by  good  avys, 
Euerych  to  don  hys  owne  offys, 
And  dyden  ek  ther  bysy  cure 

To  leyn  the^  boordys,  &  to  cure      [UheSt.,o»!.c.]      2224 
'With  napry  ful  couenable. 
And  so?Hnie  sette  vp-on  the  table 
(Lyk  ther  offyce)  wyn  &  bred  ; 

And  so??ime  also  (I  took  good  hed,)  2228 

Lyst  the  wyn  wer  to  strong, 
Putte  in  water  ther  a-mong  : 
51  ffor  yt  was  somwhat  passyd  pryme. 


readers  to 
preach. 


candlebearers 


to  attend  his 
table. 


Others  were 
appointed  to 
attend  tlie 
official 


and  serve 
him. 


[leaf  .36] 
[Cap.  xxii] 


They  pre- 
pared the 
table,  putting 
on  it  bread 
and  wine, 


60 


Grace  Dieu  taJccs  Be  Guilhvillc  to  Moses. 


as  it  was 
past  prime, 
and  dinner 
time.     (Cp. 
Chaucer.) 


But  Moses 
made  other 
oificers  to 
serve  in  his 
house 


and  aid  t]ie 
otfieial, 


[Cap.  xxiii] 
after  wliich 
lie  called 
aloud  for 
Grace  Dieu, 


at  whose  feet 
I  sat. 


[leaf  36,  back] 


When  she 
heard  him, 
slie  took  me 
and  went  to 
him. 


Vp-on  the  hour  off  dyner  tyme. 

But  Moyses,  to-for  dyner, 
Caste  hjni  fyrst,  -with  ful  sad  clier, 
To  delyuer  hym^  that  abood,  [ihemst.] 

And  so7Hme  that  aforn  hym  stood, 
He  made  \\&rii  oifycerys  news, 
ifor  to  serwen  and  be  trewe 
WitZi-Inne  hys  lious,  in  specyal 
To  wayte  vp-on  the  offycyal. 
And  to  helpe  hy»i  in  hys  nede ; 
ffor  who  that  wysly  taketh  hede. 
May  se  wel  that  thoffycyal 
May  nat  allone  gouerneu  al, 
But  he  haue  helpe,  SAvych  as  hym  ouhte. 

Now  shal  I  telle  how  he  Avrouhte  : 
Thys  Moyses,  among  hern  aH, 
ffyrst  he  gan  ful  lowde  calle 
Grace  dieu,  al  be  that  she 
Was  faste  by,  wych,  in  hyr  se 
Sat  vp  in  hyr  trone  on  hyh ; 
Sche  was  nat  ffer,  but  Avonder  nyR, 
And  took  good  heed  of  eue?-y  thyng. 
(And  al  thys  Avhyle  beholdyng, 
I  sat  at  hyr  ffeet  dou?i  lowe.) 
^And  whan  she  sawe  &  gan  knoAve 
That  she  Avas  callyd  among  echon,  [st.  &  c] 

She  taryeth  nat,  bu.t  kam  anoon  „ 

To  Moyses  ful  evene  &  ryght ;  ,, 

Aud  vn-to  hym,  AAatTi  alle  liir  niyght,   [stowe  ms.,  leaf 
She  sheAA^ed  hir-selfF  most  frendely,  [st.  &.  c] 

Wher-off  he  gan  Avaxeu  hardy  ,, 

Whan  she  Avas  kome,  and  thoAvhte  he  Avas       ,, 
Myghty  &  mor  strong  in  thys  caas 
To  fulfyllen  hys  entent, 
Wych  I,  by  good  avysement, 
Shal  vn-to  yoAV  shortly  here 


2232 


223& 


224a 


2244 


224a 


2252 


2256- 


2259 

a,  bk.] 


2264 


-  Camb.  MS.  adds  :  Wlien  she  herde  hire  cleped,  she  ros  hire 
up  with-oute  abidiiige,  and  weiite  hire  to  moyses,  and  witli  hire 
she  ledde  me.  And  thanne  Avhan  moyses  sigli  hire  nyh  him,  he 
bi-gan  to  wexe  more  hardy,  and  fulliche  dide  that  that  j  wole 
telle  yow  shortly che,  p.  16. 


Hoses  gives  Grace  Dieu  to  the  Pilgrims,  to  help  them.      61 


Eelierseii,  yiff  ye  lyste  to  here.  2268 

And  Moyses,  A-noon  ryght  than, 
Thus  to  -werkyu  he  be-gan  : 

[6  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
Ther  handys  fyrst,  as  ye  shal  lere, 
Enoyntede,  and  closede  \\Qm  yfere,  2272 

*  And  took  to  \\Qm  f  al  cler  &  bryht 
A  swerd,  the  wych,  vn-to  my  syht, 
Was  thylke  same  that  Cherabyn 

Whylom  held  at  Thentryng^  In  2276 

At  Paradys,  who  lyst  to  look  ; 
And  keyes  ek  to  hem  he  took, 
To  kepe  hem  wel  in  ther  entent. 

And  al  thys  whyle  was  ther  present  2280 

Grace  Dieu,  I  took  good  heede, 
To  helpyn  hem  the  bet  to  spede. 
Whom  Moyses  took  hem  also. 
And  sayde,  (I  took  good  hed  ther-to,)  2284 

*  Syrs,'  quod  he,  '  most  off  vertu, 
Seth  her  to-for  yow,  Grace  Dieu 

I  gyve  hyr  yow  for  morii^  grace,        [' more  St.,  mor  c] 

That  she  may,  in  euery  place,  2288 

At  alle  tymes  w/t/i  yow  be, 

Yiff  yt  be-falle  sothly  that  ye 

Eeceyue  hyre,  as  ye  ouhte  do, 

Wiih  loye  &  glad  lierte  also,  2292 

And  kepe  hyr  w/t/i  yow  day  be  day. 

That  she  neuere  parte  a-way.' 

IT  And  whan  I  herde  al  thys  yfere, 

I  wex  abaysshed  in  my  chere ;  2296 

Seyde  vn-to  my  sylff  ryht  tho, 

"  Alias,  now,  what  shal  I  do  ] 

Grace  Dieu,  I  ha  lost  al ; 

ffor  I  se  how  Thoffycyal  2300 

Hath  yowen  hyre  fro  me  away 

On  thys  sylue  same  day, 

Vn-to  thys  hornyd  folk  in  sothe,^ 


I  will  now 
tell  you  what 
he  did. 


[Cap.  xxiv] 
First  he 
joined  their 
hands, 

and  then 
gave  them  a 
sword  and 
keys. 


And  Moses 
said,  ' I  give 
Grace  Dieu  to 
you; 

[leaf  37] 


receive  her 
with  joy  and 
keep  lier." 


Then  I  said, 
'  What  shall 
I  do? 


-  Cambr.  and  Fr.  Prose  reverse  this:  "  tliilke  hornede  hath 
given  him  to  these  uewe  oflBcialles."     p.  16. 


62  Grace  Bicu  explains  that  Good  to  All  is  better  than  to  One. 


Wlio  shall 
deliver  me 
Scrip  and 
Staff  for  my 
journey?" 


I  thought  I 
would  speak 
to  her. 


(When  I  was 
washed  the 
Advocate 
spoke  for  me.) 


[Ieaf37,back] 


And  I  askt 
her  what  I 
should  do 
without  her. 


She  an- 
swered, '  I 
will  provide 
for  all  who 
go  the  right 
way. 


And  -with  hem,  fro  me  she  goth.^ 
"Wherfor  now  I  kan  nat  se 
Who  shal  delyue?'en  vnto  me 
Sherpe^  or  bordouw  to  my  vyage, 
To  helpe  me  in  my  pylgrymage, 
Wych  .she  me  hyhte  thys  other  day." 

But  tha^ine  A-noon  I  took  my  way 
To-wardys  hyre  lyne  Ryght, 
And  Thoughts  pleynly  that  I  myghte 
Seyn  to  hyre  my  fantasye, 
And  my  matere  specefye ; 
ffor  sythe  the  tyme,  ffer  nor  ner, 
That  I  was  wasshe  in  the  Eyver 
By  hyre  Aduocat,  fayre  &  wel, 
I  spak  not  -with  hyre  neue?'e  a  del. 
And  in  the  tyme  oiJ  my  wasshyng^, 
The  aduocat,  hy  hyr  hyddyng, 
Spak  for  me  in  goodly  wyse. 
As  ye  to-forn)  han  herd  devyse. 
Wher-fore  I  tliouhte  I  wolde  assay e 
To  speke  to  hire,  &  not  delay e  : 
"  Ma  dame,"  quod  I,  "  and  yt  yow  plese 
I  am  falle  in  gret  dysesse, 
And  dyscomforted  in  niyn  herte, 
"Whan  I  consydre  and  aduerte, 
That  Moyses  gaflf  yow  a-way  ; 
Which  Gyfft  ys  no  thyng  to  my  pay  ; 
For  yiff  I  wante  yow,  in  certeyn 
My  pylgrymage  ys  hut  in  veyn." 

Grace  Dieu  answereth : 
Quod  Grace  Dieu,  '  yiff  thow  take  hede, 
Thow  hast  verrayly  in  dede 
fforyete  al  that  I  ha  the  told. 
Wostow  nat  wel,  to  yong*  &  old, 
That^  I  wyl  profyte  what  I  may 
To  '^  aH  that  go  the  rylite  way  ; 
So  that  eue?'y  pylgrym  shal     p  stowe] 
At  alle*  tymes  (lo  her  ys  al)  [*  aiie  st.,  ui  c] 


[2  Scryppe  St.] 


2304 


2308 


2312 


2316 


2320 


[St.  &  C] 


2324 


2328 


2332 


2336 

Non  subtraliet  pecsonawt 
caiusqiKim  Deas  quo7ii' 
am  pusillurn  et  magnum 
ipse  fecit,  et  equaliter  est 
iili  cura  de  omnibKs.  Sa- 
Xiientie.  v[i]»  (.5]. 

2340 


^  There  is  nothing  in  Camb.  corresponding  to  the  lines  be- 
tween Nos,  2302  and  2344.     p.  110,  MS, 


Grace  Dku  ivill  help  all  Pilgrims. 


63 


Me  fynde  redy,  enere  in  on, 

In  ther  Aveye  with  hem  to  gon, 

To  cowveye  hem,  wha?i  they  ha  nede. 

*  What !  wenystow  me  to  possede 
Thy  sylff  allonij,  quyt  &  clene  1 
Thow  art  a  fool,  yiff  thow  yt  wene ! 
The  comou?*  profyt,  fer  &  ner, 

Ys  mor  than  profyt  synguler 
To  be  preferryd,  as  I  the  telle. 
Sestow  nat  how  a  comou?i  welle 
Mor  avaylleth  (who  looke  wel,) 
Than  doth  A-nother  seuerel  1 
if  or,  at  a  commowj  welle,  of  ryht 
May  fette  water  euerj  whyht, 
Her  thrust  to  stauwchen  &  apese, 
And  drawe  yt  at  her  owne  ese. 
Wher-as,  a  welle  cloos  aboute, 
Wych  for-barreth  folk  with-oute, 
That  no  man  neye  dar  no  ner, 
Lyst  they  f ellyn  in  dauwger. 

'  And  to  purpos  to  expresse, 
I  a.jn  welle  of  al  goodnesse ; 
Nat  holde  cloos  vn-to  no  wyht, 
But  vn-to  alle  (of  verray  ryht) 
I  am  comwne  and  plentevous, 
And  to  profyte  desyrous 
To  goode  pylgrymes  euerychon). 
To  forthre  hem  wherso  they  gon). 

*  And  thogh  I  be  como?<n  to  alle 
That  vn-to  myn  helpe  calle, 
Thow  mayst  knows  &  truste  wel 
Thow  hast  nat  lost  me  neue/'adel ; 
fifor  ay  with  the  I  wyl  abyde, 
And  neue?-e  parte  fro  thy  syde : 
As  longe  as  thow  hast  the  cast 

To  ben  a  pylgrym  stedefast. 
So  long  thow  shalt  nat  off  me  faylle 
To  helpe  in  Avhat  I  may  avaylle.' 
U  Affter  al  thys,  I  confort  took. 
That  Grace  Dieu  me  nat  for-sook, 


2344 


2348 


2352 


2356 


and  be  with 
them  in  need. 


[Cap.  xxv] 

You  are  a 
fool,  if  3'ou 
think 


[St.  &  C] 
[I  St.  &  C] 


tlie  profit  of 
one  is  to  be 
preferred  to 
that  of  all. 


[leaf  38] 


I  am  a  well 
of  all  good- 


2360 


2364 


and  common 
to  all  pil- 

2368  g'ims- 


2372 


2376 


2380 


With  thee  I 
will  abide  as 
long  as  thou 
remain  stead- 
fast.' 


<54     Reasons  Sermon.     The  Sword  is  to  thrust,  cut,  or  spare. 

But  me  cou?/zforteJe  off  hyr  grace. 
And  tho  rylit  in  the  syluci  place 
I  sawR  Anoon,  Dame  Resoiwi 

Ascende  to  make  A  Sarmou?i  2384 

In  ta  pulpet  that  ther  stood. 
Tf  *  Syrs,'  (luod  she,  *  yt  wer  ryht  good 
ffor  your  profyt,  (yt  ys  no  drede, ) 
Off  my  sarmomi  to  taken  liede.  2388 

Ther  was  a  swerd,  yt  ys  no  nay, 
Delyuered  yow  thys  same  d;iy, 
fforgyd  sythe'^  go  ful  longe,  ['  sytiie  St.,  syth  c] 

To  kepe  thentre  wonder  stronge,  2392 

And  the  passage  of  Parady?.^ 
At  which  tyme  was  noon  so  wys  [St.  &  C] 

That  entre  myghte,  ner  comen  In,  ,, 

But  yiff  it  were  by  Cheruhyn,  [stowe  ms.,  leaf  n]  2396 


Then  Reason 
mounted  the 
pulpit  to 
preach,  and 
said, 

[Cap.  xxvi] 


'  The  sword 
you  have  re- 
ceived was 
made  to 
guard.Para- 
dise. 


[leaf  38,  back] 


It  is  perilous 
to  all  fools, 


becau.se  it 
always  me- 
naced thera 
for  their  mis- 
deeds. 


It  is  designed 
for  three 
things: 

1.  to  hurt 
with  point, 

2.  cut  witli 
edge, 
S.  spare 
flat. 


•ith 


1.  The  Point 
is  to  teach 
that  punish- 
menl  mu.st 
not  be  given 
without  dis- 
cretion. 


Which  at  the  gate  was  cheff  porter, 
Holdynge  that  swerd  ful  brylit  Sc  cler, 
Folkys  for  to  kepen  oute. 

'And  this  swerd,  yt  ys  no  doute. 
Was  to  ffoolys  ful  peryllous, 
Swych  as  wern  malycyous  ; 
ffor  they  ther-by  wer  made  afferd. 
And  ypunysshed  by  that  swerd. 
Lyk  ther  gyltys  &  trespace 
Thys  swerd  ahvay  dyde  he??i  manace. 
The  wych  swerd  (who  that  kan  se,) 
Ordeyned  ys  for  thyngys  thre  : 
To  punysshe  folk  as  they  dysserue, 
Poynt  &  egge,  to  hurte  &  kerue, 
And  \fiili  the  platte,  among  to  spare. 
That  ryht  fro  mercy  be  nat  bare. 

'The  poynt  yiveth  fyrst  entendement 
Tliat  neuere  no  fynal  lugement, 
Xor  hasty  execucyou??. 
Be  yove  wz't^-oute  dyscreceou??, 
In  causys  nouther  hih  nor  lowe 


[St.  &  C] 


2100 


2404 


[St.  &c.]  2408 


2412 

Discreeio  omui  victuti 

ordinem  ponit,  inodum 
tc/lniit,  deeorew  & 
pfcpetuitatem  contert. 
Hernardfts  supev  Can- 
tica. 


2416 


2  Camb. :  that  no  sinnere  entrede  into  the  ciintre  of  which  he 
is  lord.  Now  vnderstondeth  what  swerd  it  i.s,  how  it  is  perilonse 
to  fooles,  p.  17. 


Beason  orders  Caution  heforc  taking   Vengeance.       G5 


[iwootst.]  2432 


2436 


Namly  wher  tliey  be  nat  kiiowe  : 

ffor  he  ys  a  fool,  &  ffoul  hardy, 

That,  off  wenyng  &  surquedy,  2420 

Hasty  ys,  hy?n  sylff  tavaunce, 

Off  Ire  for  to  .do  vengauHce, 

Or  demen  by  suspecyoii) 

W/t//-oute  examynacyoii).  2424 

'  Swyche,  I  dar  wel  specefye, 
Do  nat  trewly  occupye 
Tlie  swerd  of  ryghtful  lugement. 

Thorgh  ygiiorau^ce  they  be  so  blent,  2428 

And,  as  a  blynde  man,  so  they  werke, 
Stumblynge  alway  in  the  derke. 
Good  from  evel  they  kan  not  chese, 
Nor  whot^  nat  wher  to  sane  or  lese  : 
Eedy  to  hyndren  &  to  deere, 
Swyche  sholde  no  swerdys  beere. 
That  kan  not  knowen  evel  fro  good,      [stowe,  leaf  4S] 
Nor  whan  ys  tyme  of  letyng  blood  ; 
Nor,  kan  nat  dyscerne  A-ryght — 
ffor  yguorance  &  lak  off  syht — 
At-wexen  helthe  &  nialladye  ; 

Nor,  a-twen  the  meselrye  2440 

Grettest,  smallest,  and  the  mene ; 
He  kan  no  dyfference  atwene 
Newe  syknesse  nor  the  olde. 

'  But  euery  trewe  luge  sholde  2444 

Weyen  lustly-  in  bal]au?2ce,  [^  stowe] 

Consydren  euery  cyrcu?Hstau?2ce^ 
Off  trespacys  by  avysement. 
Or  he  yive  any  lugement.  2448 

'ff'or  thys  word  Glayve,'*{in  sentence,)  Verba  translatoris. 

By  record  off  lanuence 

(Thys  was  nat  ful  yere  agon) 

In  hys  book  Catholicon  24.52 

Seyth,  Glayve  in  French,  (&  Avryteth  thus,) 

^  Mout  doit  ains  le  inge  entendre         1102 
Las  circonstances  du  meffait, 
Que  mil  jugement  en  soit  fait.     p.  35. 
■*  Camb. :  Swerd,  as  j  fyude  writen,  is  clei:)id  departinge  of 
throte,  p.  17. 

PILGRIMAGE.  F 


Reason. 

He  who  takes 
vengeance  on 
mere  sus- 
picion 


[leaf  30] 
is  blinded  by 
ignorance, 


and  cannot 
discern 


between 
health  and 
disease. 


Before  judg- 
ment is 
given,  every 
circumstance 
is  to  be 
weighed. 


Lydgate's 
derivation  of 
Gla'we,  Gla- 
dius. 


6G       Derivation  of  '  Glaive.'     The  Sword's  hvo  Edges. 


Reason. 

The  Bword 
is  called  a 
glaive,  from 
gladms,  from 
gula. 


because  some- 
body's throat 
was  cut  with 
one. 

[leaf  39,  back] 


Grace  Dieu, 
resumes. 


[Cap.  xxvii] 
The  two 
edges  of  the 
Sword  serve 
to  cut. 


and  to  reform 
the  vices  of 
your  subjects 


Ys  in  Latyn  Guladius,i         , ^,  ['.oiadius st, Guiadius c] 

•^  '  •H  Gladms  a  gula  dicitHr,  &  genez-aliter 

Saycl  of  gula,   (as  he  put,)  tli«tui- EmsIs  m  Pl-dio;  ^ea  ensis  ton- 

''  o  '   \  1       '/  turn  terru/n  est  /  Gladms  vero,  totMS  sed 

ff|-\^'  tliuf  Trt  a  onnrlpr  Irnt  pi-opWe  dicitMf  guiadius,  quia  gulam 

noi   tildt  yt  a-SOnaer  KUt  gj^.^^j^  ^  ^  scias  q«od  Mucio.ensis.gla- 

The  throte  off  a  man  a  two:2S^.«P|S,-»^in-^-;t:^,,^ 

Thys  lanuence  recordeth  ^o^;^1^;t^^Xt'  p°«- 

ffor  throte  yn  Ynglyssh,  (thys  the  ffyn,) 

Ys  callyd  Gula  in  Latyn,  2460 

Wher-off  Glayve  took  hys  name. 

Grameryens^'  seyn  the  same,  [^stowe] 

For  yt  a-sondyr^  doth  deuyde  ,, 

The  party es  layde  on  eue?y  syde,'*  2464 

Wher,  save  Eight,  ys^  no  refuge.  ,, 

'  But  first,  every  Eight^ful  luge  ,, 

Sholde,  by^  good  avysement,  ,, 

Or  he  gesse^  eny  lugement,  ,,     2468 

Discerned  to-forn)  (\\i\Ji  al  hys  myght),  ,, 

Sake  and^  enqueryn  out  the  ryght  „ 

Off  outher^  part  in  hys  presence,  ,, 

ISTat^  ben  to  hasty  off  sentence,  „     2472 

!N"or2  off  hys  doomys  in  no  wyse.  „ 

U  Also^  to  yow  I  shal  devyse,  „ 

"Wheroff  the  tweyne  eggys  serue, 

Off  thys  swerd,  that  kutte  &  kerue  :  2476 

ffor  on  allone  in  no  wyse^  [^stowe] 

By  hjm  sylff  may  nat  suffyse  :  ^  ,, 

ffor  yiff  yowr  swerde  forgyd  off  steel  ,, 

Be  to-forn)  ypoynted  wel,  „     2480 

And  sharpyd  by  dyscrec/ouw,  „ 

Ye  moste  (oft"  ryght  &  good  resou??) 
Ther-TvttA-al  haue  ryghtwysnesse, 

Vyces  to  reforme  and  dresse,  2484 

On  your  sogectys  (enere  among,) 

-  Glaive,  si  com  truis  en  escript,  1105 
Guele  devisant,  si  est  dit.     p.  35. 

*  Camb.  :  For  right  that  he  hath  herd  allegge,  he  shulde  do 
his  jugemeDt,  and  non  oother  wise,  p.  18. 

Quar  tout  ainsi  comme  allignier     1110 

II  a  oui,  son  iugeinent 

Doit  il  faire,  non  autrement.     p.  35. 

*  Pour  quoi  .1.  seul  pas  ne  soufist     1115 
Et  quel  enseignement  i  gist. 

Se  vostre  glaive  avez  poiiitu 
Par  discretion,  et  agu.     p.  36. 


Reason,  on  the  Relations  of  the  Saul  and  Body.       G7 


Hem  to  correcte  whare  they  do  wrong. 

ffor  vp-on  trespacys  &  mysdede 

Ye  ha  ]ycence  (yt  ys  no  drede,)  2488 

ffor  to  do  correccyou?i 

And  couenable  ptinyciOU?«, 

Egal,  as  folk  ha  dysservyd, 

Except  casys  that  be  reservyd  [stowe,  ieaf49]   2492 

And  ^v^t/^-holde  (soth  to  seyne,) 

To^  hy?H  that  hath  the  hornys  tweyne  :        [» stowe] 

They  be  except  vn-to  hys  hand. 

'  And  thus  departyd  ys  your  land  2496 

In  double  party,  (thys  no  doute  :) 
The  Ton,  the  body  ys  wtt/i-oute, 
fflesshly,  &  redy  vn-to  synne  ; 

But  the  thother  man  wt't/i-inne-  t*  stowe]  2500 

Ys  the  soule  &  the  spyryt,^ 
Wych  in  goodnesse  hath  most  delyt. 
Thys  the  land,  loke  wel  therto, 

That  ye  shal  departe  at^  two,  pa  stowe]  2504 

Atwyxe  bothe,  thogh  that  neuere, 
Wliyl  they  lyue,  may  dysseuere. 

'  And  to  thys  tweyne,  ansuerynge 
Ys  tliys  swerd  double-kervynge ; 
Wher-w?'t7i  ye  shal  your  wyt  apply e, 
Sowle  &  body  to  lustefye, 
Whan  ye  sen  yt  be  to  do ; 
As  thus  tak  hed,  I  mene  so  : 
The  Body,  ffro  hys  synnes  grete,  [stowe,  leaf-tg] 

Duely  punysshe"*  in  cold  &  hete, 
Yive  \\jm  peyne,  and  ek  penau?ice, 
Consydred  eue?y  cyrcu7?tstau?ice  : 
Travaylle,  wha?j  he  ys  to  rage, 
Sende  hym  out  on  pylgrymage  ; 
Charge  hym  v;i\Ji  fastyng  &  wakyng ; 
So  that  ahvay  answerynge  2520 

The  penaunce  be  to  the  trespace,    [stowe,  leuf  49,  back] 
Off  equyte  that  yt  not  passe  : 
U  Thus  ye  shal  do,  yiff  ye  be  wyse. 

To  the  bodi  for  his  sirnies  ye  mowu  yiue  trauaile, 


by  coiTeetioii, 


except  such 
as  are  re- 
served to  liiin 
who  lias  tlie 
two  horns. 

[leaf  40] 


The  inward 
man  is  tlie 
soul  wliieh 
delights  in 
goodness. 


Tlie  body  and 
soul  can 
never  be 
separated  in 
lite. 


2508 


2512 


When  the 
body  rages, 
2516     g'^e  it  pain, 


and  make 

fast. 


&C 


Camb. 
,  p.  18. 


(!8     A  ■pi'oud  S'pirit  is  to  he  sharply  cut.     On  Cursing. 


Hut  in-t  difter- 
eiitly  with 
the  spirit. 


If  one  is 
proud,  dis- 
obedient, or 
ehited, 
[leaf  40,  back] 


you  must  use 
the  slmrp 
edffe  of  tlie 
sword  to  liim. 


anil  smite  to 
luuiish. 


Cursing  is 
cruel  and 
perilous, 


and  can  only 
be  cured  by 
Him  wlio  is 
above. 


P  Stowe] 

[*  ne  St.] 

2532 

[5  Stowe] 

[6  nor  St.] 

["  ye  Stowe] 

2536 

'  But  in  a-notlier  mane?'  wyse  2524 

Punysshen  the  spyryt  ye  shal  also  ; 
As^  thus  :  taketh  good  heel  ther-to  :         ['  And  St.] 
I:i  dyuers  caas  ye  mot  cousydre, 

And  peysen  ene?-y  thyng  to-gydre  :  2528 

Yilf  lie  be  proud  or  ohstynat, 
Dysobeyyjige  or  ellaat,'^ 
Hys  trespace"^  to  amende, 
And  ne*  lyst  nat  to  entende 
To  be  redressed^  by  meeknesse, 
And,*^  thorgh  pryde  or  Frowardnesse,'' 
Wyl  take  no  correccion. 
Tlia?i  may  yow"  (in  conclusyon) 
Tornen  (to  maken  hym  afferd,) 
The  tother  party  oif  the  swerd, 
Wych  ys  sharp,  &  wliet  ful  kene, 

To  wonde,  &  hnrte,  &  jiarte  atwene,  2540 

And  ful  mortally  to  byte  : 
Spareth  nat  ther-\vjt/i  to  smyte, 
Lyk  as  ye  may,  by  your  power. 

'  Wherfor  doth  iustly  your  dever  2544 

^To  smyte  &  hurte,  for  punysshyng,^ 
By  the  sharpe  strook  of  ^"^  cursyng  ;  ['"  stowe] 

ffor  wou?2de  nor  hurte  ys  noon  so^^  fel  ,, 

Nor  noon  so  mortal  nor  crael^"  ,,       2548 

JSTor  mor  pc'ryllous  to  be^*^  drad  ;  ,, 

tt'or  Eemedy  may  noone^'^  be  had,    [st.,  leaf  5o]    ,, 
iSTouther  salue,  That  soor  to  sownde 
But  by  hy?«  that  gaff  the  Avou^de,  2552 

Or  by  A-nother  (in  certeyn) 
That  ys  a-bove,  mor  souereyn, 
Wych  hath  an  hand,  power,  &  myght, 
Hy?u  to  recure,  (of  verray  ryght,)  2556 

Serche  the  soor  wjt7;-Inne  &  oute. 
Wherfore  he^^  sholde  gretly  doute,        [h  he  St.,  ye  c] 

-  Camb. :  and  wol  not  amende  for  amnicstinge  ye  mown  turno 
to  the  kervinge,  p.  18. 

^  v'^ans  Riens  y  aler  espargnaiit. 
Naure.s,  se  poiiez,  mortahnent,     Par  force  .  .  . 

^  Camb. :  Hurte  hym  ye  mown  dedUche  bi  the  strok  of  cur.s- 
inge.  And  ther  is  no  wounde  so  cruelle.  For  with-oiite  reuiedye 
it  is  dedlych,  etc. ;  p.  18. 


A  Priest  curses  a  Tree,  etnel  malces  it  harrc7i. 


GO 


Tliat  so  ys  hurt,  as  I  ha  told, 
"Wlierso  be  he  yong  or  okl. 

Exau»?ple  off  the  pereyl  off  cursyng.i 
H  And  to  purpos  in  especyal : 
Yt  I'yl  that  oon  offycyal 
In-to  a  gardyn  onys  wente, 
To  gadre  cheryes  off  entente. 
The  fayrest  that  he  koude  se, 
And  clamb  ful  hih  vp  on  A  tre. 
But  shortly,  in  hys  comyng  dou??, 
Yt  ffyl  thus,  (in  conclusyon),) 
That  a  brau?iche  hys  surplys  hente, 
And  the  cloth  a-sonder  Eeute, 
Wher-of  in  hert  he  wex  ful  wroth ; 
And,  or  he  any  ferther  goth, 
Thus  he  seyde  vn-to  the  tre, 
"  Now,"  (2uod  he,  "  cursyd  mote  thow  be  !  " 
And  wente  hjm  forth,  for  nor  ner,  [stowe,  leafso,  baci<] 
Tyl  vn-to  the  nexte  yer, 
To  gadre  cheryssh-  he  kani  a-geyn, 
And  found  the  tre  drye  &  Ixireyn, 
Off  wych  thyng  he  wex  al  sad. 
And  in  hys  herte  no  thj-ng  glad, 
"Whan  he  reme?ubrede  how  that  he 
Hadde  a-forn  cursyd  that  Tre. 
"Wher-of  he  repenteth  sore, 
And,  wit/(.-oute?i  any  more 
He  seyde,  (or  he  ferther  wente,) 
"I  the  assoylle,  in  myn  entente. 
God  wot,  I  mente  no  thyng  so, 
So  grete^  vengau?iee  to  ha  do  : 
I  ha  mysdon ;  for-gyue  yt  me, 
ffor  the  dyffaute  was  nat  in  the. 
]\ry-sylff,  I  may  the  Rentyng  whyte,-* 
I  knowe  yt  wel,  &  the  aquyte." 
And  after  the  absolucyon) 
Yt  bar  cheryes  gret  Foyson),^       [=  Ft.yson  St.,  seyson  c] 


25G0 


[2  Clieryes  St.] 


25G4 


2568 


2.1)7 


2576 


2580 


2584 


Iiistamx-  of 
tlie  evil  of 
Cursing. 

An  official 
went  to 
gather 
cherries. 


[leaf  11] 


As  lie  de- 
scended tlie 
tree,  a  brancli 
cauglit  liis 
surplice  and 
tore  it. 


This  made 
liim  curse 
the  tree. 


Next  year  lie 
came  again 
and  found  the 
tree  barren. 


Then  lie 
repented, 


and  absolvd 
tlie  tree. 


[3  grete  St.,  gret  C]  2588 


[♦  Rendyng  wyte  St.] 

2592 


1  This  story  is  absent  from  Camb.  From  1.  2559—2680  (p.  125 
MS.)  only  occupies  three  lines  of  Camb.  Nor  is  it  in  the  Frencli 
of  Addit,  MS.  22,937,  the  first  version. 


70 


Cursing  is  not  a  light  Matter.     Its  Sword. 


Reason. 

and  it  bore 
ten  times 
more  tliaii 
ever. 


[leaf  41,  back] 


Tliey  are 
Cools  who 
curse  with- 
out thought. 


Men  heed 
rursing  but 
little. 


2596 


wliereby  tlie 
soul  is  with- 
out virtue. 


So  men 
should  heed 
this  Sword, 


and  consider 
well  before 
tliey  use  it, 

[leaf  42] 


[1  And  eet  St.] 


2600 

[2  St.,  leaf  50,  back.] 
[s  Stowe] 


2604 


[Stowe,  leaf  51] 


Laden  -with  frut  fynaly, 
If  or  tweyne,  yt  bar  almost  twenty ; 
And  heet^  hys  fulle  with  glad  cher, 
Affter,  euere,  fro  yer  to  yer  ; 
And  neuere  forgate,  in  hys  lyvyng, 
The  sentence  off  hys  cnrsyng ; 
ffor  swych  thyng,^  so  as  senieth  me, 
Shulde  nat  lightly  ^  forgetyn  be. 

'  if  or  they  be  foolys,  in  certeyn, 
That  Eeklesly  of  cursyng  seyn, 
How  that  a  man  that  cnrsyd  be, 
That  alferme  of  skorn,  that  he 
Hath  hetyn*  hys  sawle  of  whyte*  bred. 
Off  curs  they  take  so  lytel  heed, 
Havyng  no  Reward,  Thorgh  ther  synne, 
How  the  soule  that  ys  wit/i-Iiine 
Ys  off  gostly  frut,  certeyn. 
Wonder  drye,  and  ek  bareyn, 
By  the  swerd  of  curs  confou?Rlyd, 
And  so  mortally  ywoundyd, 
That  yt  may  profyt  neuer  a  dele 
To  bere^  frut  (who  loke  wel,) 
Of  vertu,  (I  yow  ensure,) 
ffor  that  yt  lakketh  moysture 
Off  grace,  wherby,  (who  kan  espye,) 
Al  vertues  fructefye. 

*ffor  wych,  folk  sholde  taken  hede 
The  swerd  of  cursynge  for  to  drede. 
I  mene  as  thus  specyaUy, 
Whan  ther  ys  causii  iustly  Avhy, 
And  he  that  doth  yt,  hath  power 
To  execxite  yt  fer  &  ner. 
By  ordynarye  auctoryte. 
But  yet  to-lbrn)  (yt  semeth  me) 
He  sholde  consydren  (in  hys  syth'')  [Ssyghtst.] 

Whan  that  he  smyte,  he  smyte  of  I'yht, 
And  that  hys  cause  be  notable 

Or  he  precede  to  be  vengable.  2632 

ffor,  I  telle  yow  sykerly, 
No  man  ne  smyteth  duelly, 


[♦etvn  whyteSt., 
hetyn  whvt  C] 

2608 


2612 


[5  bere  St.,  ber  C]  2616 


2620 


2624 


2628 


Advice  must  be  used  before  Punishnent. 


71 


2G36 


[1  a  mys  St.] 

[2darSt.]  2640 

[3  avys  St.] 


Wit/t  the  sharpe  for  to  kerue,         [stowe,  leaf  si,  back] 

But  he  to-forn  ful  Avel  obserue 

That  he  ferst  with  the  platte  assay, 

In  goodly  wyse,  Avhat  he  may, 

Al  that  ys  mys,^  for  to  redresse  : 

ffor  by  the  platte,  I  ther^  exprosse 

Off  thys  swerd,  and  specefye, 

Prudent  a-wys^  in  prelacye, 

With  good  &  trewe  avysement, 

'  And  fyrst,  that  he,  in  good  entent,  2644 

By  trewe  Ammonycyon) 
And  fructuous  predicacyou), 
Or  he  smyte  by  violence, 

To  lete  passe  the  sentence,  2648 

The  evele  to  smyten'^  in  sparynge,        [*  smyten  St.,  smj-te  c] 
And  spare  hem  also  in  smytynge. 
Thys  Avas  of  Ihesu  the  doctryne, 
In  whom  lyth  al  the^  medycyne 
Off  deth,  wha?i  men  be  wou?idyd  so. 

'  '^And  taketh  alway  heed  her-to, 
To  vse  the  platte,  nyh  &  ferre, 
Wha/i  ye  se  your  sogettys  erre, 
Alder-fyrst ;  I  mene  thus, 
Wiih  doctryne  vertuous 
Teche,  preche,  &  so  begynne 
ffor  to  make  hem  leve  ther  synne. 
H  Yiff  ye  may  folkys  so''  recure 
That  be  wou?Klyd,  I  yow  ensure, 
Ther  grevous  womzdys  to  allegge, 
Bet  ys  the  platte  than  the  egge. 
ffor  eche  leche  that  wel  kan  werche, 
I^amly  lechys  of  the  cherche. 
That  lian  nianhys^  sowle  in  cure 
W«t/i  plat  they  sholde  fyrst  recure. 
Rather  than  with  the  sharpe  wou^de,*^ 


and  try  tlie 
flat  liefore 
the  edge, 


[Stowe,  leaf  52] 


[}  maiiiiys  St.] 


according  to 
the  doctrine 
of  Christ. 


[Sourest.]  2652 


2656 


2660 


Try  teaching 
and  preach- 
ing first. 


[7  to  St.] 

Doctrina  bona  dabit  ?y?itiam. 
pro uerbiorum.    lb'  (v.  15) 


2664 


2668 


It  is  better  to 
recover  men 
thus 


[leaf  i2,  back] 


^—^  The  following  16  lines  English  are  6  French  ones  of  the  first  cast ; 
De  ce  plat  vser  vous  deuez 
Quant  vos  subies  errer  veez  : 
Sermouner  et  bien  prescher, 
Fait  niaintes  fois  peche  laissier  : 
S'ainsi  les  pouez  garantir, 
Mieulx  vault  que  du  trauchaut  ferir. 


'2     Tlie  Stvord   Versatile.     Its   JVicklcrs  are  Cheruhin. 


Reason. 

tliaii  by 
wounding 
tliem  with 
tlie  sharp 
edge. 


[Caji.  xxviii] 
Thus  I  liave 
told  you  liow 
and  wlien  to 
use  the 
Sword, 


which  is 
called  Versa- 
tile, because 
(see  Genesis) 
it  turns  every 
way,  and 
may  be  used 
according  to 
need. 


And  when 
you  wield  tlie 
Sword, 


you  are  calld 
Clierubin, 
full  of  know- 
ledge and 
wisdom. 


If  you  were 
not  Cheruhin 

[leaf  «] 
you  might  do 
wrong. 


and  conilemn 
men  in  haste. 


2672 


2676 


2680 


Gladius 
(iii.i4),  C.i  St.] 


By  tlier  charge,  as  they  ar  bou?ide. 

'  Kow  liaue  ye  herde  ^  &  ye  lyst  se  ['  stowe] 

How  ye  shal  vsen  alle^  thre,  ,, 

Tlie  plat,  the  sharpe,  &  eke  the  poynt, 
I  haue  yow  told,  fro  poynt  to  poynt ; 
And  rehersyd  ek  also 
In  divers  caas  how  ye  shal  do ; 
So?»tyme  luge  by  vengau?zce, 
So?)ime  punysshe  by  penau??ce, 
Entrete  somme  with  ffayrnesse, 
Somrae  chastyse  with  sharpnesse, 
And  for  that  skyle,  the  s"\verd,  ywys, 

"Va  v  oct]}\i'[   VprcflfTrlic  •  2    P  Versatile  et  variable,  Add. 
1  S  y-Call}  U    V  erSaiyilS  ,  ve.  satills  /  Genes/s  (iii.  •> 

Wych  ys  to  seyn,  (cute  of  doute,) 

A  thyng  that  mere  mowe^  torne  abowte,    p  may  St.] 

Xow  the  platte,  (who  kan  take  hede.) 

And*  the  sharpe,  Avha??  yt  ys  nede.  [*  stowe] 

'  And  for  thys  skyles,  off  reson« 
Yt  ys  yput  in  your  bandou/?, 
Ay  to  be  redy,  (as  yt  ys  skyk^,) 
ffor  to  tourne  yt  at  your  wyl. 
Ther-to  ye  han  poAver  &  rayght, 
As  the  caas  wyl  sufire  off  ryht, 
Off  verray  trouthe  &  equyte. 

'  And  for  that  skyle,  sotlily  ye, 
That  in  yow  ther  be  no  blame,        [stowe,  leaf  52,  back] 
Theifor  ye  trewly  ber  the  name 


2685 


2688 


2692 


2696 


^Cherubin,  fful  of  scyence 
And  off  dyvyne  sapyence, 
ffor  mysterye  that  ys  ther-In.'^ 

'  ffor  yiff  ye  wer  nat  Clierubin, 
Thys  to  seyne,  in  yonr  werkyng 
Yiff  ye  ne  haue  nat  ful  ko??nyng, 
Ye  myghte  do  ful  gret  outrage, 
Ryght  gret  harme,  &  gret  damage  ; 
In  stede  off  the  platte  &  pleyn, 
Tournen  the  sharpe  egge  in  veyn 
Correcte  a  cause  grene  &  newe, 
Deme,  or  ye  the  trouthe  knewe, 
Off  hast,  wit/^-oute  good  a-vys, 


5  Cherubim,  plain  de  science, 
i:t  de  diuine  sapience.    Add. 


2700 


2704 


2708 


This  bright  Sword  hdoJccns  Love.     Porters  of  Paradise.     73 


AVycli  ys  contrayre  to  your  ofPys. 

ffor  in  the  hand  (yif  yt  be  soiiht,) 

Off  a  fool  that  kan  ryght  nowht, 

A  swerd  ne  sholde  nat  be  take, 

Eyghtful  dooniys  for  to  make  ; 

And  in  tlie  hand  off  men  yrous, 

To  take  a  swerd  ys  peryllous. 

ffor  thys  swerd  (yiff  ye  take  hede.) 

Was  bryht  brennyng  as  the  glede 

On  Qwery  part  &  eiiery  syde, 

y^ith  flawme  perpetuelly  tabyde, 

To  yow  ytake,  (take  bed  ther-to,) 

Off  Grace  Dieu  nat  longe  ago. 

And  cause  why,  of  the  brennyng, 

Yiff  ye  lyst  to  have  knowehchyng, 

Was,  that  ye  sholde,  lyk  your  degre 

Ben  ay  in  love  &  cbaryte  ; 

ffor  loue  brennyng  in  your  desyr 

Ys  shewyd  by  the  bryglite  fyr ; 

And  so  to  speke,  in  wordys  fewe. 

Ye  sliolde  alway  your  sylue/«  shewe 

^  Wyth  cherysshyng  ffyr  of  plesau/ice  ;  ^~ 

ffor,  yt  wer  a  great  meschaurjce 

Yffi  Ire,  in  stede  of  charyte, 

Brent  your  hertys,  (as  semeth  me.) 

Swych  rage  ffyr  (shortly  to  telle,) 

Was  kyndlyd  ffyrst,  and  kara  from  helle. 

And  to  your  swerd,  I  dar  Eecorde, 

]S"oon  swych  fyr  may  nat  accorde. 

'j^ow  haue  I  told  (ye  sen  yt  wel,) 
Touchyng  thys  swerd  euerydel ; 
Why  ye  yt  here,  &  skylii  why. 
ffor  ye  be  porterys^  verrayly 
Off  the  rewme  of  Paradys, 
Lych  cfcerubin,  prudent  &  wys. 
And  the  keyes  ye  ban  also 
To  shette  the  gatys,  &  vndo  ; 


271-2 


2716 


2720 


•24 


[Stowe,  leaf  5o] 


2728 


iiem  veni  mittere  in 
jri'rtin  ;  Jt  <\uid  volo 
iu«j  vt  acceudutur. 
(Luc.  xii.  49.; 

['MSS.  Off.]     2733 


273(3 


[St.  &C.] 


2740 


■44 


Into  the  liaiid 
of  Die  fool 
.111(1  tlie  angry 
man  lliis 
Swoi-il  sliould 
nut  be  put. 


It  is  bi-iglit 
and  burning 


to  hliow  that 
you  sliould  be 
in  eliai'ity 
and  love. 


R:ige  came 
tir>t  from 
liell. 


[leaf  4.3,  bafk] 


[Cap.  xxix] 

Y"U  are  made 
Porters  or 
guards  of 
Paradise, 


-  Fr.  Portier  estes,  se  ni  est  aduis,  Du  Roiaulme  de  paradi.s. 
From  Camb.  :  Porteres  ye  ben,  as  me  thinketh,  of  the  kyngdoiu 
of  heuene. 


74  Paradise- Porters  are  St.  Peter's   Underlc gates. 


aiid  have  the 
keys  of  its 

gules. 


You  are 
Peter's  Un- 
clerlegates. 


aiul  must 
examine  all 
who  enter. 


You  must 
search  all 
who  come  in, 


wisely  con- 
sidering 
every  circum- 
stance, 
[leaf  44] 


striving  to 
discern  folk's 
guilt,  and 


opening  the 
gate  to  those 
who  repent. 


AV/t/^-oute  yovv  tlier  entreth  noon, 
Nor  may  in  at  the  gaatys  gon, 
W/t/^Inne  to  haue  hys  mansyou?*. 

'  Seyn  Peter  (of  entencyou/^) 
Hath  mad  yow  (yiff  ye  vnderstonde,) 
Hys  vnderlegatys,  ther  to  stonde, 
To  kepe  the  passage  &  entre ; 
And  at  the  gatii  for  to  se 
Trussellys,  ffardellys,  in  that  place. 
Or  any  marclmu?tt  in  may  passe, 
He  mvste^  vntrusse  he?u  &  vnbynde,     [' stowe,  leaf ; 
Tliat  no  thyng  be  lefft  be-hynde. 
How  sore  aforn  that  they  yt  close, 
ye  muste  he?«  make  yt  to  vnclose 
By  trewe  reuelacyon) 

And  enter"-^  COnfeSSyon).  [2  Entere  (entire)  St.] 

'  Wherfor  tak  kep,  &  beth  ryht  wys. 
And  seth  to-forn,  by  good  a-vys. 
The  swerd,  the  keyes  ek  also, 
How  ye  ha  take  \\eni  bothe  two ; 
And  lat  noon  passe,  (loketh  Avel,) 
But  he  vnclose  hys  fardel. 
And  also  that  ye  wel  provyde 
To  cerche  hem  wel  on  eue?*y  syde, 
Thys  synful  folk,  with  pakkys  large. 
Beth  besy  ay,  hem  to  dyscharge ; 
And  weyeth  wysly  in  balau?«ce, 
Consydryng  euery  circuy»staunce, 
By  good  delyberacyon) 
Demynge,  in  your  dyscrecyon, 
Your  verray  name,  &  what  ye  hihte. 
And  cousydreth  in  your  sylito. 
To  dyscerne,  in  eui"ry  place, 
Aflfter  the  gylt  &  the  trespace. 
To  charge  synnerys,  &  cojistreyne, 
jNIekly  for  to  suffre  peyne, 
And  enioyne  hem  ther  penaiu/ce. 

'  And  whan  ye  sen  tlier  repe/^tau?ice 
Ye  may  to  swych,  erly  &  late, 
Opne  duely  the  gate 


2748 


2752 


2756 

■i,  back] 


2760 


2764 


2768 


2772 


2776 


2780 


2784 


The  Pilgrim  %vants  to  he  Porter  of  the  Castle.        75 


The  meanin? 
of  Sword  ami 
Keys  I  puss 
over — it  Ims 
often  been 
declared — 


Off  Paradys,  of  verray  rylit, 

By  iuste  tytle,  thorgh  your  myglit.  2788 

'  Lo,  her  the  sygnyfycacion),  [stowe,  leafst] 

And  trewe  demonstracioii) 
Off  swerd  &  keyes,  bothe  yfere, 

Shortly,  (yiff  ye^  lyst  to  lere,)  ['  yow  St.]  2792 

I  ouerpasse  &  late  yt  goii), 
By-cause  folkys  many  on 
Han  ber-to-forn  (who  loke  wel,) 

Declaryd  the  mate?-  eiierydel,  2796 

And  what  they  tokne  in  ther  wrytyng  : 
Consydreth  thys  in  eue?'y  thyng  ; 
Looke  that  ye  yow  nat  excuse 

Your  offyce  trewly  for  to  vse,  2800 

So  as  ye  ouhte  dyscretly.' 

[The  Pilgrim.] 

2  And  whan  that  Eesoun  fynally 
Hadde  told  hyr  tale,  I  herde  al  wel, 
And  consydred  eue?ydel,  2804 

Talent  I  hadde,  &  gret  desyr 

^To  haue  that  swerde,*  bryht  as  ffyr,  [*  swerde  St.,  swerd  c] 
And  the  keyes  eke  y-ffere. 

Off  entent  (as  ye  shal  here,)  2808 

That  I  niyghte  ben  an  huissher,  Hostiarius 

Or  at  the  gate  a  porter, 
The  passage  to  kepe  of  ryht 

Ther-on  tawayte^  day  &  nyht :  [5stowe]   2812 

This  fantasye^  fyl  in  luy  thouht ;  ,, 

But,  God  wot,  I  wyste  nouht,^  „ 

Nor  knewe  ful  lytel  (at  the  leste). 
What  was  the  ftyn  of  my  requeste,  2816 

Nor  took  but  lytel  heed  ther-to.^ 

And  offte  tyme  yt  falleth  so, 
That  A  man  hath  wyl  ta  thyng      [stowe,  leaf  st,  back] 

^  Camb.  MS.  has  :  But  to  what  ende  j  shulde  come,  ther-of  j  hadde 
uowht  yit  thouht.     It  is.  thing  bifallith  ofte,  \>.  20. 
^— •*  Daiioir  ce  glaive  flamboiant, 

Auecques  les  clefz,  pour  e.stre  huissier 
Du  dit  passaige,  et  portier  ; 
Mais  ad  quel  tin  de  ce  venroie, 
Encore  pas  pense  n'y  auoie. 
-(5  French  lines  of  the  1st  cast  puft  out  into  12  English,  as  usiwl.) 


but  charge 
you  to  use 
your  office 
discreetly.' 


The  Pilgrim. 


[Cap.  xxx] 


Then  I  de- 
sired to  liave 
tiie  Sword 
and  Keys. 


[leaf  4  i,  back] 


To  be  a 
I'orter, 


not  knowing 
what  the  end 
would  be. 


6     3Ioscs  gave  the  Pilgrim  the  Sword  and  Keys  Jixt  up. 


The  pirctrim.   Wycli  iieuere  ys  broulit  to  noon  endyiig,  2820 

As  men  may  otfte  sythes  se. 
ffor  yiff  tlie  sonys  of  zebedee 
Hadde  madd^  tlier  askyng  rylitfully         [imadest.] 
As  it  befell       Thoy  liadde  ben  herd  ful  liastyly  :  2824 

to  the  sons  of         ^  ' 

Zebedee,  (jft  tliei'  askyng,  (as  ye  may  lere,) 

And  off  al  that  tliey  gan  requere, 
Yt  was  ytornyd  other  wyse 

Tlian  they,  aforiin,^  gan  devyse  :   p  afom  c,  afforiK?  st.]  2828 
In  the  gosi)el  ye  may  yt  se 

,Te,;edl^-„.e.         ^"'^  -^^ene  lyk  yt  ffyl  of  me, 
[Cap.  xxxij     Wlian  I  to  Moyses  gan  gon, 

Besechyng  hym  tliat  he,  A-noon  2832 

Wolde  grauwte,^  lyk  rajn  askyng,         [^  giaunteu  St.] 

The  swerd  and  keyes  to  my  kepyng. 

Off  hem  frely  to  liane  vsage, 
wiienimadc   ffor  to  kepen  the  passage.  283G 

my  reijuest  to  i  i  o 

Moses,  But  whan  that  he  had  herd  me  wel, 

He  fulfyllede  neuereadel 

Lych  the  purpos  of  myn  askyng, 

Nor  theiitent  off  my  thynkyng  :  2840 

The  swerd*  he  took  me  m  my/i  bond,  [*  swea  c,  swei-de  St.] 
lie  did  not        But  (as  yp  shal  vnderstond.) 

aiiiswer  me  as 

I  expected.       Co?»niyttyd  so  to  my  depoos 

That  yt  Avas  alway  sty  lie  eloos  2844 

In  the  skawbei'k,  as  I  ha  sayd, 
[leaf  45]       Whcroff  I  was  nat  Avel  apayyd.^  [Sapeydest.] 

The  keyes  also,  stronge  &  wel 

Lou//de  &  closyd  vnder  seel ;  2848 

And  al  was  don  off  hih  prudence,         [stowe,  leafss] 
liiitaiiwas      That  I  sholde  hauii'^  no  lycence  [•=  baue  St.,  ha  c] 

done  wisely 

and  pin-         To  vsen  he??^  at  lyberte, 

deiitly.  -^  ' 

Eut  yiff  I  hadde  auctoryte  2852 

ffrom  hem  that  hadden  al  the  charge, 
ffor  yiff  I  vsede  lie??i  at  large 
Mor  than  my  jiower  was  or  ys, 

As  I  was  tauht,  I  dyde  amys.  2856 

[Cap.  xxxii]     Wher-off  I  was,  ay  mor  &  more 
Abaysshed,  &  astonyd  sore. 
And  specyally  (to  speke  in  pleyn,) 


TIlc  Pilgrim  hasn't  learnt  '  Predicamentum  ad  aliqnid.'   77 


[I  wokle  vntoSt.]    2SG4 


That  I  to-forii)  hadde  nat  seyn  2SG0    t/w  pnqriu 

Soiu  otlier  folk  y1jou?«de  so, 

In  cas  semblable  as  I  was  tho  ; 

Thynkyng  (in  my?j  entencyou«) 

That  I  wolde  to^  Kesou?i 

Holden  my  way,  off  hyre  teiiquere, 

And  the  cause  iustly  lore 

Off  al  thys  thyng,  for  mor  certeyn  ; 

And  thus  she  Answerde  me  ageyn  :  2868 

Resoiiii  Answerd : 
'  My  ffayrii  ffrend,'  a-noon  (\uod  she, 
'  Lych  as  I  consydre  &  se, 
Thy  wyt  ys  blont  &  dul  &om  del, 

That  thow  mayst  nat  se  ryht  wel ;  2872 

And  thogh  thow  haue  at  skole  be, 
Thow  hast  nat  ther  (as  semeth  me,) 
Lernyd  gret  wyt,  nor  bore  a-way ; 

And  specyaly  (I  dar  wel  say,)         [stowe,  leaf  55,  b:ic-k]  287G 
Thow  hast  nat  lernyd,  for  al  thy  wyt, 
predicamentu;//;,-  ad  aliquid.  [^Fr.  Lepredicameui] 

ffor  thys  predicament,  sothly, 

Hath  hys  beholdyng  (fynaly)  2880 

Vnto  som  otlier  maner  thyng 
Than  to  \ijm  sylff,  as  in  werkyng 
Makyug  (in  conclusion),^)  [st.&c] 

Hys  ground  &  hys  fundacyon)  ,,       288-1 

Vp-on  A-nother  grounde,  in  sotli :  ,, 

Thys  predicament  alway  so  doth.  ,, 

ffor  what  he  hath  (tak  heed,  my  brother,)        ,, 
ISTat  off  hy»i-sylff,  but  off  a-nother  2888 

He  taketh  yt,  to  be  mor  strong. 
And  to  no  Avhiht  ne  doth  no  wrong. 

'  And  here  a-way  thys  in  thy  thouht, 
That  yt  weise  ytold  for  nouht,  2892 

But  he  hys  power  (to  speke  in  pleyn,) 
Tooke  off  A-nother  (in  certeyn) ; 
ffor  off  hym  sylff  yt  may  not  Ije. 
Exau?nple  I  wyl  now  lerne  the  2896 

^  II  fait  son  edifiement 
Sur  aultruy  tous  moult  sagement.     Addit.,  leaf  9,  col.  2. 


1  w:is  iistoii- 
islied  tliat  I 
Imil  not  seen 
others  in  like 
case  witli 
myself. 


and  went  to 
Reason  to  en- 
quire. 

Reasnyi. 

[Cap.  x.Txiii] 


Slie  told  me 
my  wits  were 
blunted  and 
dull; 


and  tliat  I 
had  not 
learned  the 
Predicamen- 
tum ad  ali- 
quid, 

[leaf  45,  back] 


wliioli  takes 
what  it  has 
from  another, 


and  is  no 
trood  unless 
it  does  so. 


78      Of  God,  and  Lord  God,  and  Lords  and  Subjects. 


Before  the 
creation  God 
Almighty 
was  called 
God,  not 
Lord. 


But  as  soon 
us  man  was 
made  He  was 
called  God 
and  Lord. 


Temporal 
lords  are 
considered 
greater, 

[leaf  46] 


the  more 
people  thev 
liold ; 


and  failing 
subjects,  they 
cannot  be 
lords. 


Plant;nifrat  DomniMS 
Dens    I'arailisum). 

Genets  2°  (SJ. 

[1  hadde  St.] 


That  vfiili  thyw  eyne  mor  clerly 
Thow  mayst  be-liolde  yt  openly. 

'  Whan  God  Ahnyghty  (yiff  yt  be  souht,) 
Al  thys  world  hadde  maad  off  noulit,  2900 

(As  clerkys  wel  reherse  kan,) 
To-forn  or  he  had  makyd  man, 
(Tak  hed  &  loke  prudently,) 
He  was  ycallyd  but  God  only,  2904 

Yiff  Genesis  ne  lye  nouht.  dlxadeus.  Gewsini"  capUulo  {Z,&,&c.). 

]^ut  A-noon  as  man  was  wrouht,  [stowe,  leaf  56] 

(Tak  hed  &  marke  wel  thys  word,) 

Than  was  he  callyd  God  &  Lord, 

In  tookne,  (who  that  kan  obserue,) 

He  made^  a  seruau??t  hy?».  to  serue, 

Tho  was  he  Lord,  havynge  lordshepe. 

And  yet  (who  that  taketh  kepe,) 

Hys  lordshepe  was  nat  mor  at  al 

As  ben  thys  lordys  temporal, 

Gretter  off  domynacyon) 

Whan  they  han  in  subieccyon) 

Peplys  at  her  lust  to-beye^ : 

ffolk  ar  wont  than^  to  seye,  [siraitc 

That  ther  seruauntys  &  meyne 

Yivetli  them  power  &  powstee  ; 

So  that  (in  couclusioii),) 

Ther  myght  &  domynacyon), 

Off  ther  sogettys  fyrst  doth  sprynge. 

And  ys  engendryd  in  werkyng. 

ffor  yiff  ther  sogettys  wer  put  away, 

Ther  lordshepe  (I  dar  wel  say,) 

Sholde  faylle,  &  ther  power ; 

And  sogettys,  wych  they  haven*  her 

To  serven  hem,  and  to  obeye, 

Sholde  ek  fayii,  I  dar  wel  seye ; 

ffor  lordshepe  pleynly^  ther  wer  noon, 

Yiff  ther  seruauwtys  wer  agon. 

The  name  off  servau?it  ek  also, 

Y^iff  that  lordshepe  wer  ago, 

Muste  ek  faylle,  as  thow  mayst  se  ;     [Stowe,  leafse,  b.iei;] 

ffor  nouther  party  may  nat  be  2936 


[2  tobeye  St.] 
.  .  tha7(ne  St.] 


2912 


2916 


2920 


2924 


[♦  havethc  St.]    2928 


[=  pleynly  om.  St.] 

2932 


The  Pilgrim  cannot  have  the  Stvord  hare. 

Viith-onten  other  (yt  ys  no  drecle). 

'  By  wych  exaiu^ple  (who  taketh  hede,) 
Lordshepe  ys  sayd  especyally 
Off  seruau?itys ;  &  ek  trwly 
Seruau?«tys  also  namyd  be 
Off  lordshepe,  in  ther  degre. 
And  thus  ys  sayd,  (haue  thys  ther-wyth,) 
Predicanientu»i  ad  aliquid. 
ffor  eche  off  other  hath  gynnyng, 
And  ys  on  other  dependyng. 
Whan  the  Ton  ys,  than  ys  the  tether ; 
ffor  yt  ne  may  nat  he  noon  other ; 
Whan  the  Ton  faylleth,  ek  also 
They  muste  ffaylle  bothe  two. 
U  Vnderstond  wel  thys  lesson, 
How  thou^  art  in  subieccyon)  ;2 
Consydre  how  thow  art  ysett 
Vnder  a-nother,  and  soget 
To  hym,  and  mvstest  hjm  obeye 
Wych  hath  also  (I  dar  well  saye) 
Vpon  the(e)  lurediccyon), 
Power  &  domynacyon). 
As  thy  souereyn,  what-eueye  he  be 

'  But  0  thyng  deceyveth  the  : 
Thow  hast  no  sogetys  as  hath  he  ; 
ffor  wych  thyng  (consydre  &  se,) 
Thow  fayllest  &  art  put  a-bak. 

And  in  swych  caas,  thow  hast  gret  lak  [stowe,  leaf  57]  2964 
To  haue  the  swerd,  bryht  and  cler, 
Co?;nnyttyd  vn-to  thy  power, 
Out  of  the  skawberk,  yt  to  vse. 

Yt  wer  but  veyn  for  the  to  muse  2968 

Ther-vp-on,  or  gruchche  ageyn. 

'  The  keyes  also  in  certeyn, 
Thow  mayst  nat  han  hem,  nor  possede 
But  vnder  seel,  (yt  ys  no  dred.)  2972 

The  swerd  also,  (yt  ys  no  d(  vte,) 
Yiff  that  yt  wer  drawen  011  te, 

2  Camb.  MS.  continues  :  su'jiecte  to  oothere  and  thou  hast  no 
subiect.     Thi  souereyn,  what  euere  he  be,  p.  21. 


71) 


2940 


2941 


2948 


[1  How  thou  St.]    2952 
[St.&C] 


2956 


29G0 


ReuKOii . 

Also,  if  there 
were  no 
lords  there 
would  be  no 
servants. 


One  cannot 
he  without 
tlie  other. 


Tliey  stand 
and  tall  to- 
gether. 


[leaf  46,  b.ick] 
[Cap.  xxxiv] 


You  have  no 
subjects  as 
He  has. 


and  you  can- 
not have  the 
Sword  out  of 
its  scabbard. 


Even  if  it 
were  drawn 
you  could 
do  nothing 
with  it; 


so         The  Pilgrim  must  first  learn  Self-government. 

Reason.       Tliow  slioldest  thei'-wi't/i  do  ryht  nouht. 

ffor  yiff  tlie  trouthe  be  wel  soulit,  297G 

TJiow  hast  yt  nouht  in  thy  denieyne 
No  thyng  for  to  part  at-weyne,^  [' in  tweyne  st.] 

Nouther  to  kerue  nor  to  sniyte. 

And  shortly,  (yiff  I  shal  endyte,)  2980 

and  it  were      Eet  wer  to  the,  Touchvnff  swych  weik, 

better  to  keep  J     o         J  J 

it  undrawn,     To  ksps  yt  cloos  in  the  skauherk 

Than  folyly  thy-sylff  to  bolde, 

Out  off  the  skauberk  yt  to  holde  ;  2984 

libr  ffolkys  wolde  deme  off  ryht, 
than,  draw-      Ther-off  whau  they  hadde  a  syht, 

mg  It,  to  look  ''  ''        ' 

like  a  fool.       Yt  wer  no  wysdom,  but  f oly, 
[ienf47j       And  a  nianer  Surquedy,  2988 

Whan  they  be-helde  euerydel, 

The  keyes  nat  closyd  vnder  seel,^        [^  seen  st.,  ei  c] . 
[Cap.  xxxv]     Syth  thow  (w/t/^-outen  any  glose,) 
It  is  not  for      Mayst  nouthcr  shette  nor  A^iclosc,  2992 

you  to  open 

and  shut.  Yt  longeth  nat  to  thyn  oifyS.  [Stowe,  leaf  57,  back] 

'  filor  wych,  leruii  to  be  wys, 

And  se  how  they  "\ver  taken  cloos, 

And  vnder  seel  in  thy  depoos,  2996 

Knet  &  bou/ale  faste  &  strong. 

That  thow  Av/tA  hem  ne  do  no  wrong. 

Thy  power  ferther  doth  nat  strecche, 

Wher-off  thow  sholdest  no  thyng  rcchche,  3000 

Yifi:  thow  wer  wys,  as  semeth  me. 
If  you  li^sten  '  Aud  Tak  also  good  heed,  &  se, 
will  rest  Off  al  that  I  to-forn  ha  sayd  : 

satisfied,  i  i  i  o     ^ 

Thow  sholdest  be  ryht  wel  a-payd  oOOil: 

Off  thy  power,  &  nat  ne  stryve, 

Thogh  thow  neuere  in  al  thy  lyve 

Haddest  no  lordshepe  mor  at  al. 

And  for  to  speke  in  specyal,  3008 

Yt  ouhte  ynowh  to  the  suffyse. 

As  I  shal  to  the  devyse, 
and  strive  to     Thy-sylff  for  to  gouerne  a  ryht,  Noi'a.  st. 

y-oveinyoui-    pygf^i^f^^.gy^j  q^  g^g,y  Q^l^er  wliyht.  3012 

Than  artow  prudent,  douteles  ; 

And  for  thys  skyle,  INIoyses, — 


The  Sword  and  Keys  arc  to  he  used  onlji  ly  Leave.     81 


3016 

Moses  gave 
youtlieswoiJ 
and  keys. 

re, 

[1  yt  dotli  St.] 

3020 

:uul  may,  if  it 
please  liim. 

[Sto\ve,  leaf.j^] 

3024 

[leaf  i7,  back] 

[2  lie  St.] 
[St.  &  C] 

give  you 
leave  to  use 
them  as  re- 
quired. 

J) 

3028 

te. 

His  power  he 
may  commit 
to  you. 

3032 

Otiierwise  it 
is  Niii  to  use 
them  unless 
ill  peril  of 
death. 

'  Wj^cli  in  liys  tyiue  was  wys  &  old 

Took  h.cm  to  the,  as  I  lia  told, 

To  fyn  only  (to  speke  in  pleyii) 

That  he,  as  lord  it  souereyn, 

May,  whan  hy/«  lyst,  as  tliow  shalt  lere. 

Whan  that  tymc  doth  yt^  requere, 

The  keyes  closyd  vnder  sel, 

He  may  to  the  vnbynde  wel ; 

The  swerd  also,  by  tytle  of  lawe, 

Make  that  thow  shalt  yt  drawe 

Out  off  the  skauberk,  fer  nor'-^  ner, 

Lycli  as  thow  hast  off  hy//i  power, 

Sogett  alway  to  hys  sentence 

And  as  the  caas  grau;i;teth  lycence. 

Hys  power  he  may  co»anytte 

To  the,  tiro  wych  tliow  mayst  nat  flytte. 

ffor  as  I  slial  to  the  dev3'se, 

Yiff  thow  dydyst  other  wj'se 

Thow  sholdest  offende  ful  gretly, 

Pereyl  off  detli  except  only, 

Wych  ys  a  cause  evydent 

That  thow  mayst  we]  (&  nat  be  slient,) 

The  swerd  ydrawo,  (tak  bed  her-to,) 

And  the  keyes  vnbynde  also. 

■ffor  nede  &  gret  necessyte 

Lycence^  grau?ityd  vnto  the 

Plentevously,  &  ek  vsage, 

Consydryd  yviih  the  surplusage, 

Pre-supposyd  ther  be  no  wliyht 

To  whom  the  offyce  sholde  of  ryht 

Appertene  off  duete. 

I  mene  thus, — tak  hede^  &  se  ; 

Marke  yt  wel  in  thy?^  enteut, — 

That  he  be ^  nat  ther  present  [=  be  tuar  c,  be  St.]   3048 

Wych  halt  the  swerd  (now  vnderstond,) 

Bare  &  nakyd  in  hys  bond, 

And  the  keyes  vnbouwde  also, 

Off  ryht,  as  he  ouhte  do, 

Tliys  he  that  haueth  pleyn  power, 

(Who  kan  looke  -with  eyen  cler,) 

PILGRIMAGE, 


3036 


[sstowc]  3040 


3044 


[*  bed  C,  bede  St.] 


3052 


and  tlien  only 
if  lie  be  not 
present 
whose  duty 
it  is. 


[Cap.  xxxvi] 
Who  holds 
the  sword 
naked, 
and  the  I^eys 
unbound, 


82  Yet  the  Mendicants  2isc  the  S'word  and  Keys. 

ami  lias  juris-     Aud  llilUCtll  lurediccVOll) 
dic'tioii,  ■' 

Above,  &  domynac^on,  3056 

And  ys  tlie  ryglit  ful  relatyff, 
To  whom,  Avj't/i-oute  noyse  or  stryff, 
Tliow  art  soget,  &  vnder  put 
must  be  To  liy//<  alloiie :  &,  trewly,  but  3060 

obeyed.  ■  "^  ''  ' 

[leaf  48]       Thow  \\ym  obeye,  tliow  art  Coupable  ;^       [' sto«-e] 
ffur  yiff  thow,  in  cas  seuiblable, 
Haddest  sogettys  vnder  tlie, 

Thow  myhtest  wel  (lyk  thy  dogre,)  3064 

Don  as  he  doth^  in  allc  thyng,  piiatust.] 

And  fulfylle  in  werkyng. 
Thanne  folwede  yt  a-noon  forth-wyth, 
Thy  poAver  wer  Ad  aliquid ;  3068 

v.miiave,  I      But  tliow  hast  noou,  (as  seineth'me.) 

tbiiil;,  no  '   \  -        '/ 

subject  of    .    "VVheroff  thow  ouhtest  "lad  to  be, 

your  own.     j  *-^  ' 

And  in  tliyn  lierte  ful  loyous.' 
put/rim.  The  pylgrym  argueth  : 

Tiieii  I  sai.i,     3<]\j;.^  Jaine,'  ^{ikkI  I,  'most  vertuous,  3072 

'  I  litive  seen 

people  wiio       (Yiff  ye  lyst  to  here  me.) 

are  without         \  J        J  >/ 

subjects  I  have  seyn,  &  alday  se, 

Som  folkys  (in  conclusyon))  [stowe,  leaf  59] 

That  hadden  in  subieccion)  3076 

Sogetys  noon,  nor  goueynance, 

And  yet  they  dyde  hem  sylff  avaunce, 

And  AVer  ther-off  no  thyng  afferd, 
bear  tlie  Xakyd  for  to  here  the  swerd.  3080 

naked  sword,  '' 

To  whom  also  yt  ys  wel  fou«de 
That  the  keyes  wer  nat  boujale, 
But  redy  euere  (beth  wel  certeyn,) 
and  freely  u-e   Tvnslietten  &  to  shette  affevii  3084 

the  lieys,  ^    -^ 

Lokkys  eclion  (yt  ys  wel  Avyst,) 
And  entrede  wlian  that  euere  heHi  lyst. 
At  alle  tyme  they  be  redy, 

Shette  aud  vnshette  hardyly.  3088 

The  cause  to  me  vn-knowe?/,  ys  :  r:  De  mendica^tib^.s  i.„iuit«,-.  st. 
And  yet  I  dar  afferme  thys, 
Tliey  ha  no  mor  power  than  I ; 

ii'or  wych  they  hau,  al  sodeynly,  309l' 

3  From  1.  3072  to  1.  3230  is  absent  from  Camb.  ]MS. 


Earthly  tilings  arc  ruled  hy  heavenly.    Gael  is  Lord  of  cdl.    83 


[I— 'StowellS.,  leafSO.] 


3100 

[C.&St.] 


3104 


Astonyd  iny/<  oppyuyou;/. 

ffor  yifE  tlier  be  Eelacyou?^ 

Yfou?ide  there,  I  dar  wel  say 

That  yt  ys  ystole  a-way.'  3096 

^Resoun  Answereth, 
liesoun  answerJe  ageyii  to  me  : 
'  Take  heed  /  and  vnderstond,'  (piod  she, 
'  The  Formere  off  the  higli  heveiie, 
And  maker  /  off  the  Storres  Seveue^ 
Hath  so  ordeyned  /  alle  thynges, 
That  they  slial,  in  her  meuynges, 
Holden  ther  cours  /  swyfft  or  soffte, 
Lyk  as  the  bodyes  hih  a-loffte, 
Lyst  ordeyne,  (who  kan  knowe,) 
So  that  erthly  thynges  lowe 

Eeceyve  dyspOsicyOUS-       \?  dysposieioitns  St.,  ays 

Off  hem,  &  ek  inipressiou^s, 

To  be  gouernyd  (in  sentence) 

Affter  tlie  hevenly  intiuenee, 

Dyversly,  ech  in  hys  kynde, 

Wlio'^  the  causys  kau  out  fynde 

Off^  ther  dyuers  niocyou?ts 

Tliorgli  naturel  Inclynaciou/is.^ 

H  Yet  for  al  thys,  yt  lettytli  nouht. 

But  that  the  Lord,  wych  al  hath  wrouht, 

Hath  lordsliope  sovereyne. 

What  hy»i  lyketh  to  ordeyne, 

As  the  Lord  most  piyncypal 

"VV*t7<-outen  any  mene  at  al : 

In  heuene,  Erthe,  or  in  tlie  se. 

So  as  \\yrii  lyst,  yt  muste  be. 

Off  hevenly  bodyes  cyrculer, 

He  stant  no  thyng  in  ther  dau«ger ; 

But  he  may  do,  thys  myghty  kyng, 

What-eue/'e  \\ym  lyst,  in  hys  werkyng, 

hih  a-loffte,  &  her  don*  lowe,  [^  doviD  St.] 

Thogh  the  hevene  no-thyng  knowe  3128 

The  Influence  of  hys  power,  [stowe,  leaf  eo] 

Wych  ys  so  myghty  &  enter, 

That  no  whyht  may  yt  co;»prehende 


at  which  I  am 
astonished.* 


Reason. 
[leaf  48,  back] 


'  Heavenly 
bodies  are 
made 


C] 

3108 


[3  stowe]    3112 


for  earthly 
things  to 
receive 
impressions 
from  them, 
and  be 
governd  by 
their  in- 
fluence. 


3116     But  God  has 
sovereign 
power. 


3120 


and  is  the 
centre  of  the 
3124    universe. 


None  can 
compreliend 
this  power. 


S4>       God's  chief  Vicar,  the  Pope,  dclerjatcs  his  Fotocr 


Jieason 


[leaf  40] 


and  none  are 
so  hardy  as 
to  oppose 
His  decree. 


The  heavens 
declare  the 
glory  of  God. 


Though 
(jod's  chief 
vicar  liave 


power  above 
all  men  to 


shed  His 
influence 
around, 

[leaf  49,  back] 


[2 1  Ht.,  to  C] 


Cell  eimrrant  (,'l(jri:ini  Dei. 
.St.,  om.  C. 

3145 


3148 


P  thus  C,  0111.  St.] 


'  How  f(3r  hys  power  doth  extende, 
Was  neuere  yet  noon  so  grttt  clerk. 

'And  thogh  the  heuene,  touchyng  his  wark^ 
Hadde  any  maner  knowelj^chyng     ['  his  waru  St.,  om.c] 
To  co?nprehendyn  liys  werkyng, 
Yt  sholde  nat  so  hardy  he 
To  gnichche  ageyn  hys  deyete. 
But  I-  speke  in  wordys  pleyn, 
Humblely  with  Davyd  seyn 
Touchyng  hys  myght  wych  doth  exceUe 
'Lat  the  heuene  hys  glorie  telle, 
Hys  laude,  hys  honour,  &  preysyng, 
And  yive  worshepe  to  hys  werkyng. 
And  also  (in  hys  best  entent) 
Lat  also  the  fynnament 
Hys  handwerk  devoutly  preyse, 
And  day-hy-day  hys  honour  Reyse 
In  laude  &  prys  ful  many  fold.' 

'  But  cause  why  that  I  ha  told 
Thys  thyng  to  the  thus,^  l)y  &-l)y, 
I  shal  reherse  the  cause  her  why. 
The  hihe  hornyd,  most  holy, 
Callyd  in  erthe  comou?dy 
Off  God  tlie  chose  cheft'  vyker, 
And  hys  place  kepeth^  her, 
And  doth  yt  jjleynly  occiipj'e, — 
The  wych,  no  man  wyl  denye  ; — 
Yet  thogh  thj's  vyker,  aboue  echon 
Haue  power  off  yore  agon, 
Aboven  eueryeh  other  whyht, 
And  wolde  the  cours  (of  verray  ryht) 
Off  liys  myghty  excellence 
Wher'''  dowi  shad  by  inlluence 
To  other  lowere  of  degre 
Co/ynaiytted  from  hys  souej'eyn  se, 
Whom  he  ordeyneth  her  &  yonder 
By  co?nmyssyon)  to  be  vnder 
^Hys  high  power  by  Ordyna?ince 
For  to  haven  Governa?nice 
(Who  that  kan  the  trouthe  seke) 


3132 


3136 


3140 


3152 


[MicpteS;.]    31.56 


[Stowc,  leaf  6i),  bacU] 

3160 


[5  were  St.]    3164 


3168 

[1^— est.  MS.,  leaf  fill,  back] 


to  Foil-  of  Bcligion,  who  hear  the  Sicord  and  Keys.     85 


[2  Ci-ysteiie  St.] 


[Stuwe,  le.ifGl] 


[3  liis  St.] 


*  To  bere  the  swerd,  and  keycis  eke, 

So  tliat  hj  her  dyscrcc/on 

And  prudent"  mediacyon 

AH  thynge  viider  tlier  invuhte  [C.  &st,] 

AVei"  goue?'nyd  wel  l)y^  Kylit,  ,, 

Wych  to  liem  dootli^  apertene     [' to  Uem  tiootu  st.,  o 

Vuder  entent  pur  &  clene, 

Affter  the  bond  off  ther  offys. 

'  But  nat  for-tliy,  yet  for  al  thys, 
Ther  ys  no  cause  but  that  he 
AVych  that  hath  the  souereynte, 
The  chetf  vyker  above  echon, 
Off  verray  ryght,  &  other  noon, 
Ys  curat  (in  conckisiou/?, 
"\V/t/(-oute  al  mediaciou?^,) 
Ouer  crystys^  folkys  alle. 
Yt  may  noon  other-wyse  falle, 
Off  verray  rj^ght,  I  the  ensure. 
Al-be  that  he,  vnder  hys  cure 
Haue  set  by"  hy^  C(»«niyssyon), 
Soi^ime  folkys  of  relygyon), 
Hys  offys  to  excersyce 
Vnder  hy»i  in  sondry  wyse  ; 
Hem  establysshed,  w/t/i  power  large, 
ffor  to  helpe  hym  ber  hys  charge  ; 
In  hys  name,  or"*  elles  nouht  [tandst.] 

ffor  what  they  do,  or  what  ys  wroulit, 
ffro  hy;».  the  power  ys  descendyd, 
The  Avrong  by  liym  mot  be  amendyd, 
Yiff  ther  be  any  in  ther  werkyng. 

'  And  therfore,  touchyng  thys  thyng 
(To  seyn  shortly,  &  nat  tarye,) 
They  be  nat  but  ordynarye, 
Co?/nuyttyd,  ther  offys  for  to  do, 
Thogh  thoAv  sest  hem  bothe  two 
Bi^r  swerd  And  keyes  in  ther  bond 
Naked  &  vnclosyd  ;  yet  vnderstond. 
They  ha  nat  stole  hem,  fer  nor  ner, 
ffor  they  haddii  pleyn  power 
Off  the  vyker  pryncypnl, 


3172 


317G 

.C] 


3180 


3184 


yet  lie,  as 
God's  vicar 


and  oui'ate 
oloo     Christ's  flock, 


3192 


o  1  "J  0     ed  to  aid  him. 


3200 


3204 


3208 


And  tliough 
you  see  these 

[leaf  50] 
bearing  the 
nal;ed  sword 
and  keys, 

they  received 
them  from 
the  principal, 


86       Of  the  Sacrament  of  the  Altar.     Mcscs  dines  on 

Reason.      '  "VVycli  aboue  gouenieth  al,  3212 

That  gaff  to  hem  ther  power  with 
Predicamentiim  ad  aliqiiid. 
They  tooke  yt  (who  consydereth  al) 
Otf  hys  gyffte  iu  especyal ;  3216 

And  whan  hy??i  lyst,  (yt  ys  no  nay) 
He  may  ageyn  take  yt  away,  [stowe,  leaf  ei,  back] 

"Whan  that  he  seth  tyme  &  place. 

ffor  thyng  that  grau//tyd  ys  off  grace  3220 

May  he  Eestreyned^  efft  ageyn  [i  St.,  restey . .  c] 

In  many  cans,  he  wel  certeyn. 
And  thogh  tliow  haue  no  swyche  power, 
Thow  sholdest,  wit/i  al  ihyn  herte  enter,  32 2 -i 

To  l\\es\i  Cryst,  in  thyn  entent, 
Thanke  of  that  he  hath  the  sent ; 
fferther  nat  medle  than  thyn  offys ; 
ffor  I  holde,  he  ys  nat  wys,  3228 

That  in  medlyng  ys  mor  large 
Than  the  hon??d3's  of  hys  charge.' 

Off  the  Sacrament  off  the  Awhter : 
And  whan  thys  lady,  Dame  Eeson), 
Tonchyng  ra-^ni  oppynyoii),  3232 

Hadde  declaryd  vnto  me, 
Eyht  forth-w/t//  I  dyde  se, 
(As  I  he-held  tlio  douteles,) 

That  the  hornyd  Moyses  3236 

Shope  \\ym  Eyght  as  any  lyne 
To  make  redy  &  go  dyne, 
And  hys  mete  ek  redy  make. 

And  tho,  good  heed  I  gan  take  3240 

How  hys  mete  (i)leyiily  to  deme,)  [c.  Jtst.] 

AVas  other  than  yt  dyde  seme ;  „ 

And  off  o  thyng,  as  I  took  heed,     [st.,  ieafG2]     ,, 
Ther  was  no  thyng  but  wyn  &  bred,  ,,       32-t'l: 

The  wych  wer  nat  to  hys  entent ;  „ 

ffor  tho  he  hadde  gret  talent 
To  etyn  fflesshe,  in  hys  delyt, 

And  blood  ek  in  hys  appetyt,  3248 

ffor  to  dyfface  the  olde-  lawe,  [=  ^lUie  st.,  oui  c] 

And  the  Ryytys  ther-off  wz't/i-drawe ; 


who  can  take 
tliera  back 
when  He 
cliooses. 


You  should 
be  thankful, 


and  not 
meddle  with 
what  does 
not  concern 
you.' 

[Cap.  xxxvii] 
Piltirim. 


Then  Moses 
went  to 
dinner, 


[leaf  50,  back] 


which  con- 
sisted of 
bread  and 
wine  only. 


Bread  and    ]Vine,  which  tarn  into  Flesh  and  Blood.     87 


Cave  lie  saiigi(nieiii 
comedas.    St.,  om.  C. 


Wych  lawe  (as  I  vnderstood,) 
Bad  men  they  sliolde  ete  no  hlood 
But  Moyses — in  hys  enteut, 
Contrayre  to  that  comandement, 
To  lielpyn  hym  Among  hem  alle, — 

[6  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illuiiiination 
Grace  Dieu  be-gan  to  calle  ; 
And  she  kam  forth  A-noon  ryht. 

And  tlier  I  sawh  a  wonder  syht, 
]\Ior  merveyllons  than  awere  aforn) 
I  hadde  seyu  syth  I  was  horn), 
ffor  ther  I  sawh,  (as  I  took  heed,) 
In-to  Rawli  fflesshe,  toruyd  bred ; 
Grace  Dieu  ordeynede  yt  so. 
And  wyn  (I  took  good  heed  ther-to,) 
"Was  tornyd  ek  in-to  Red  blood. 
The  wych  (so  as  I  vnderstood,) 
Sempte  of  a  lambe,  as  thouhte  me. 
And,  as  A  man  curteys  &  fre, 
Hys  offj'cerys  he  gan  calle,    [Moyses  st.,  om.  c] 
And  bad  they  sholde  komen  alle 
Vn-to  dyner ;  &  ek  hem  tolde 
The  mane/"  hooly  how  they  sholde 
Han  myglit  &  power  enterly 
ffor  to  maken  al  redy 
The  dyner  al  so  wel  as  he, 
At  due  tyme,  in  ther  degre. 

And  as  they  weryn  at  dyner. 
To  hem  he  gaff  pleynly  power 
To  maken  (in  conclusion)) 
That  merveyllous  mutacAm), 
Bred  in-to  flesshe,  wyn  in-to  blood. 
And  off  that  foode  (I  vnder-stood) 
He  Gaff  to  etyn  to  hem  alle 
(Wych  to-forn  he  dyde  calle,) 
Thys  newe  mete  most  vnkouth, 
Mynystrng^  yt  in-to  ther  mouth. 
Wt't/t  hem,  hym-sylff  he  heet  also, 
And  of  the  blood  he  drank  ther-to. 
I  sawh  yt  Wii't/t  niy/«  Eyen  cler. 


3253 


3256 


3260 


3264 


3268 

[leal' 02,  back] 
[St.  &  C] 

3272 


3276 


3280 


328-t 


3288 


Pilgrim. 

Tlie  Old  Law 

said  men 
should  eat  no 
blood. 


But  I  saw 
the  bread 
turned  inio 
raw  Flesh, 


and  the  wine 
into  red 
Blood. 


[leaf  51] 
His  officers 
he  called  to 
dinner. 


and  he  gave 
tliem  power 
to  do  as  he 
had  done.  . 


After  wliich 
he  gave  them 
this  food. 


88      Ilcason  can't  inidcrstand  the  t^acramcntal  Cliangc, 

FUgrim.      But  swvcli  a  mervejllous  clyiiev 
Nc  was  neuere  a-foni  ysej'n, 

JSTor  ncur^/'e  (that  I  liercle  seyn,)  3292 

I  saw  the        ISTe  was  no  swycli  mutacyoii, 

imitation 

with  my  own    Xoi"  ofP  SO  Avoiiderful  Eeiiou??. 

eyes, 

[CaiLxxxviii]        Eut  wlian  I  liaclcle  be-lioklen  a], 

I  tornede  me  A-noon  w/t/z-al  3296 

To-ward  tliat  lady  dame  Iiescia?/, 

Makynge  to  liyr  tliys  questyoii;/  : 

The  pylgrym  :  1  C  st.  (ieufe!)aaas'Askea'] 

and  inquired    'Ma  dame,'  (_\notl  I,  'I  VOW  pveve 

of  Reason  '      ^  '  ^  i.       ^ 

what  she         Tliat  ye  to  me  Ivst  to  seye  :  3300 

thouglit.  -^  ,/  J 

"Wliat  semeth  yow,  telle  on  ploynly.' 
Resou;/  koude  nat  answere. 

neasov.       *  Certys,' (i?W(7  she,  '  that  wyl  not  I,  [st.&c] 

[leaf 51, bad;]    ffoi'  tliei'-of  I  kan  110  tliyiig  ;  ,, 

Yt  passoth  myn  vnderstandyiig,  ,.        3304 

jNIy  wyt  also,  &  ek  my  mynde.  ,, 

But  she  saw     To  scii,  my??  Eyen  hen  to  hlynde;  ., 

no  more  tli:ui  „. 

I  dill,  I  se  no  mor  ther-on  then  thow;  ,, 

And  I  am  so  astonyd  noAV,  3308 

Mor  than  eufre  I  was  a- fore,  ,, 

vSyth  tyme  that  I  was  bore. 

aud  said  if       ffor  3'iff  that  slic  (I  dar  wel  say) 

Griice  I^Igii         

had  made  a        Hadde  yiliakyd  off  ail  Ay  [deouoC.  &St.,  leiifC:;]    3312 

bii-dofau  J  J  J 

egs,  or  of  a      A  hryd  with  ffethres  for  the  flyht, 

grain  an  ear,  "^  •j       ' 

Or  that  she  liadde,  thorgh  hyr  myglit, 
Off  a  lytel  harly  greyn 

Makyd  an  Er  large  t'l'  pleyn,  3316 

Thys  ylkede^  Ornede  Moyses,  [^Foi 'thysyii;e' :-] 

she  would        I  wolde  han  he  stylle  &  in  jjes, 

have  said  aii  tv  ^  i 

nothing;         And  ther-ott  han  take  noon  heed. 

but  to  con-       But  fslhe-''  hath  mad  Eauwh  fflessh  of  bred,    piiec.  .k;  St.] 

vert  bread  _     ,    *-  •^„  ^  .  ^ 

into  flesh,  \\  lierof  I  am  fallc  m  rage.  [Stowe,  leaf  O:;,  back]    3321 

And  also  of  that  beuerage, 
and  wine         That  [sjlie"*  liath  tornyd  wyn  to  Ijlood,       [Mie  c.  &  St.] 
'""""""'''       My  sylff  l^eholdyng,  ther  I  stood,  3324 

Ageyn  the  custom  of  nature. 

And  treAv[e]]y,  I  the  ensure, 

That  I  shal  no  lenger  dwelle, 


and  tells  Nature,  an  old  Lady,  irho  gets  vjroth.       <S0 


I3ut  to  iSTature  the  troi;tlie^  telle,      [•  troutiie  St.,  tromii  c] 

And  sendyn  hyre  to  be  A-'\vreke  3329 

To  Grace  Dieii,  w/t7/  hyr  to  spelce, 

With  clier  boystous,  wordys  nat  ffayrc, 

Ynto  whom  she  ys  contrayre. 

ffor  she  hath,  (yiff  I  shal  not  lye,)        [Gi-;ue  Dioust.] 

Off  pryde  only,  &  siirqnedye, 

Lyft  the  custom  &  vsage, 

And  off  nature  the  passage 

Transcendyd  pleynly,  &  the  ljou//dys ; 

And  in  dede,  ek  yt  founde  ys 

That  she  hath,  of  force  &  niyglit,  [•^t.  &  c] 


3332 


3336 


is  proof  that 
slie  luis  traii- 
scemieii  tlie 
laws  of 
Nature, 


Broke  hyr  franchyse  &  hyr  ryht. 

The  Pylgrym : 
And  whan  Eesou?^  hadde  told  me  thys, 
Sche  A-noon  retournyd  3'S 
In-to  hyr  tour  vp  hih  ageyn. 

And  tha;nie  A-noon,  vp-on  the  pleyn 
I  sawli  a  lady  off  gret  age. 
The  wych  gan  holden  hyr  passage 
Towardys  Grace  Dieu  in  soth, 
And  off  hyr  port  I-rous  &  wroth, 
Antl  hyr  handys  ek  of  pryde 
Sturdyly  she  sette  a  syde. 
Hyr  Eyen  ek  (I  took  good  hede,) 
]jrennyng  hrylit  as  any  glede  ; 
AVonder  large  off  hyr  feature  ,2 
Trowynge  that  she  Avas  Nature  : 
And  so  she  was,  thys  lady  old, 
ffor  Resou?^  hadde  vn-to  me  told 
Hyr  mane?'  and  condyciou?i. 
And,  to  myn  inspecciou??, 
Sche  was  redy  for  to  stryve, 
ff.ir  Anger  dyde  hyr  herte  Eyve 
Atweyne,  in  purpos  for  to  chyde  ; 
Hyr  handys  set  vnder  hyr  syde. 

And  vn-to  Grace  Dieu  A-noon 
Thys  olde'  lady  ys  forth  gon ; 
And  Eudly  fyrst  she  gan  abrayde. 
And  vn-to  Grace  Dieu  she  sayde  : 


3340 


[leaf  -.2] 

to  whom 
complaint 
should  be 
made. 


Pilgrim. 


3314      [Cap.xxxix] 

Then  I  saw 
an  old  Lady 
going  to- 
wards Grace 
Dieu. 

3348 


[Stowe,  leaf  CI] 


P  Stature  St.] 


3352 


(Feature  =  make,  build; 


It  was  Nature 
ill  a  furious 
temper. 


3356 


3360 


[3  Okie  St.,  old  C]    3364 


She  began 
to  upbraid 
Grace  Dieu, 
saying : 


90      Old  Dame  Nature  remonstrates  with  Grace  Dien. 


Nature. 

[Cap.  xl] 
[leaf  52,  back] 
Lady,  I  come 
to  cliide  you 


for  removing 
my  ordi- 
nances. 


To  you  is 
committed 
the  starry 
heavens, 


and  if  I  inter- 
fered with 
tlieni  you 
would  be 
aiigr^,  and 
despise  me. 


If  you  meddle 
with  my  free- 
dom, 


I'll  die  riitlier 
tlian  suffer 
wrong. 


[Stowe,  leafCi,  bac1<] 


[6  linex  blanli  in  MS.  for  an  IJlutiiinafirm.'] 
1 '  Dame,'  quod  slie  /  Itigtit  of  Entent  /- 
'  As  yee  stonden  /  lier  present, 
Wlier-so  that  yee  /  be  loeff  ^  or  lotli, 
With  yourc  gouernan»ce  I  am  wrotli, 
Tliat  ye  be  bold,  in  any  wyse 
Ifor  to  medle  of  my  fraiu^chyse. 
And  I  am  kome,  as  ye  may  se, 
To  dyffende  my  lyberte. 
Vn-to  yow  yt  ys  nat  due 
My  ordynawucys  to  remeue. 
Eecord  I  take  off  alle  wyse, 
Yt  outlie  ynowgli  to  yow  suffy.se 
The  party  that  ye  han  ytake, 
And  no  maystryes  for  to  make 
In  fl'e  bou«dys  that  I  kepe. 

'Ifor,  thogh  ye  han^  the  lordsliepe 
Off  the  heuene  &  euery  spere. 
And  off  the  sterrys  bryht  &  clere. 
And  off  the  planetys  hih  adoffte, 
So?/nne  swyfft  &  so//nnii  sofi'te 
Hoklyng  ther  cours  &  tlicr  mevyng, 
And  as  ye  lyst  in  alle  thyng 
They  stonden  all  in  your  demeyne, 
Ther  cours,  as  ye  lyst,  ordeyne. 
Ouer  hem  ye  han  the  soue/'eynte ; 
And  yiff  I  wolde  medk',  me 
Towchyng  tlier  cours,  or  how  they  goth, 
'With  me  ye  wolde  be  ful  wroth, 
And  my  prcsu???pcion  despyse. 
And  I,  ryht  in  the  sylue  wyse, 
Yiff  ye  medlede  wrongfully 
Touchyng  the  bou7idys  of  my  party, 
Ther  to  cleyme  off  me  lordsliepe, 
My  fredam  I  woldii  kepe. 
Eather  than  suffren  any  wrong, 
I  Avolde  deye,  thogh  ye  be  strong ; 


[1—1  Stowe  MS., 
leafCit] 

3368 


3372 


[3  hauc  St.] 


337G 


3380 


3384 


3388 


3392 


339G 


3400 


2  Canib.  MS.  reads  :  '  Lady,'  ([uod  she,  '  to  yow  j  come  to 
cliide,  for  to  defeiule  myii  owen.  Weniies  coiiietli  it  yow  for  to 
remeue  inyiie  ordiuaunces  ? '     Camb. ,  p.  24. 


All  above  the  Moon  is  Heasm^;  heloiv  it,  Gi^ace  Dieu's. 


91 


*  Trustetli  tli^'s  ryglit  wel  <at  al.  [c.  &  St.] 

'  i\iKl  declare  to  yow  I  shal,  „       3404 

N"ow  that  ye  &  I  he  met,  [stowe,  icnrr,.-,]         ,, 

The  trewe  bou^dys  that  be  set  ,, 

Atwyxe  vs  tweyne,  syth  go  ful  long, 
That  noon  to  other  do  no  wrong ;  3408 

Wjx-h  to  yow  I  shul  devyse, 
And  declare  the  frau«chyse 
Off  outher  part,  yiff  ye  lyst  lere, 

That  noon  ne  medle,  fer  nor  nere,  3412 

To  have  lordshepe  off  othrys  ryht, 
Nonther  hj  force  nor  by  niyght. 

*  And  yiff  ye  lyst  to  lerne  yt  sone, 

The  cercle  off  the  colde  nioone,  3416 

Atwyxen  yow  &  nie  for  evere 

The  bou?idys  trewly  doth  dyssenere, 

And  yiveth  to  enerych  hys  party ; 

Yiff  ye  lyst  look  Eyghtfullyi 

As  I  shal  declare  now  : 

The  hiher  part  longeth  to  yow, 

Wher  ys  your  lordshepe  &  your  myght,  ^f^-e'v^^'suS  iJL, 

And  ye  may  ther  (off  verray  ryght)       "^'■^v^'^''''-'  ^""t- 

Maken  thynges  fresshe  of  hewe,  3425 

And  wha?i  ye  lyst,  transfornie  hein  newe  ; 

Your  power  ys  so  vertuous  ; 

ffor  thogh  ye  made  dame  Venus  3428 

A  best  Wit/;  hornys  sharpe  &,  hard, 

I  wolde  ther-to  ha  no  Reward. 

And  thogh  that  ye,  {yt  ys  no  fayl,) 

Off  Mercurye  made  a  snayl  testudo  &c.  3432 

I  woldii  me  nat  putte  in  pres 

To  gruchche,  but  kepe  me  sty  lie  in  pes;  [St.,  leaf  65,  bad;] 

ffor  ther  I  cleyme  no  maner  ryht.  3435 

*  But  her  by-nethe,  ys  al  my  myght ;  ^     1^' "  m^'' ',%] 
Off  ellementys  I  am  maystresse,  Natmanatuiata,  niotu*movciis. 
Lady  also  &  pryncesse 

Off  wyndys  and  inpressyou??s,  [st.&c] 

And  make  transmutacyou«s,  „       3440 

Many  wonder  varyance.  ,, 

^  C. ;  St.  has  wrongly  '  Inconip/i^ilia.'  ■*  mota  St. 


metlio'  .St.,  oin.  C. 

['  RyglifuUy  C]    3420 

Luna  (liuidit  iiitfj- 
compK/i/lia  A:  iiico- 
)'up^(/j/lia,  quia  oin«ia 
que  su»t  supfi-  lun.-uew 


[leaf  53] 
Nature. 

And  MOW  we 
aie  met  I'll 

declare  the 
bounds  wliich 
were  set  be- 
tween us. 


The  'circle 
of  the  cold 
moon'  is  the 
fixed  bound- 
ary between 
us  two. 


The  higher 
part  belongs 
to  you; 


and  though 
you  should 
make  Venus 
a  horned 
beast, 

and  Mercury 
a  snail. 


I  would  not 
complain. 


Hut  here  be- 
neath, I  am 
Mistress, 


[leaf  53,  back] 


92     Nature  rules  the  Elements,  anel  reneirs  the  Earth. 


Nil  tuve. 

and  have  Uie 
givenimeiit 
of  fire,  air, 
cartli,  and 
sea. 


in  pr/nio  eo'o  &  nui«do 

[St.  &  C] 


[Cap.  xli] 
I  venew  the 
earth's  beau- 
tie.'i  year  by 
vear. 


[I  Stowe] 


I  make  sweet 
si)ices  to 
grow, 


and  tlie  trees 
tn  bud  and 
blossom. 


causing  all  ' 
whicli  winter 
made  old  to 
become 
yomig  again. 

[Ieaf5i] 


I  repair  tlie 
beauties  of 
tlie  flower.s, 


'  ffoi"  I  lia  the  goue^nau?^ce  [st.  &  c] 

Off  fyr,  of  liejr,  (as  ye  may  se, 

Off  ertlie,  and  off'  tlie  large  se, 

Off  ther  accord  &  tlier  debate ; 

I  lene  no  thyiig  in  on  estat, 

But  make  eclie  thyng,  by  doclyu, 

ffor  to  drawc  to  liys  ffyn. 

I  make  alda}'  tliynges  newe 

The  olde,  refressliyng  off  her  hewe. 

The  erthe  I  clothe,  yer  by  yer, 

And  rofresshe  h_y??i  off  hys  cher 

AVyth^  many  colour  of  delyte, 

Blewh^  &  grene,  Red  &  whyt, 

At  pryme  temps,  w/t/;  many  a  flour, 

And  al  the  soy],  thorgh  my  fauour 

Ys  clad  of  ncAve  ;  medwe  &  plej'n 

And  hilles  hih,  ek  spyce  &  greyn 

I  make  to  en  spy  re  soote, 

And  do  the  bawme,  out  of  the  liote 

In-to  the  crop  a-ryse  Sc  sprynge. 

'  And  in-to  trues  ek  I  brynge 
Tlier  lusty  blosmys  whyte  &  rede ; 
And  in  ther  brau/i'chys  ek  I  sprede 
A-brood  myn  fiesshe  vestymentys, 
And  v^iili  myn  vnkouth  paramentys 
I  clothe  ham  wyth  buddy s  glade, 
Wych,  \\itli  wyntor,  dedr'  I  made, 
Thorgh  constreynt  of  hys  coldys  kene, 
Tornyng  to  russet  al  the  grene 
'With  fretyng  of  hys  bytter  cold. 

'  But  al  that  wynter  maketli  old, 
And  w/t//  hyr  stormys  doth  desteyuo, 
I  make  yt  fresshe  &  yong  ageyn ; 
The  bromys  with  tlier  gol  len  floure, 
Tliat  wjMiter  made  (\v^'t//  hys  shour) 
ISTakyd  and  bare,  dedly  of  hewe,  ,, 

AVz^tA  levys  I  kan  cloth  hem-  newe;     [Shem  St.,  iiymC] 
And  off  the  feld  the  lyllyes  ffayre. 

And  off  herbys  many  a  payre,  3480 

That  wynter  slowh  witli  liys  co??streynt, 


3444 


3448 


5452 


34.56 


3460 


3464 


34G8 


3472 


[c.  &st.]  3475 

[St.  &C.] 


[Stowe,  leiirCG] 


Nature  hates  sudden  Changes.     She  maJxs  Men  sjicaJc.     93 


'  And.  made  hem  of  tlier  colour  tfeynt, 

fFor  119  cost,  me  lyc-t  not  spare, 

But  tlier  Rychesse  I  do  repare, —  348-4 

Wliaii  lietc  off  cold  liath  tlie^  victorye, —    [i  the  om.  st.] 

That  Salomon  in  al  hys  glorye    ^''SHurGo''\r29)!' "'''''''' '"'' 

"Was  nat  clad  (T  dar  wel  sey) 

Halff  so  freschly  as  ben  they ;  3488 

Kor  hys  robes  wer  nat  lyche 

Off  colour  to  the  busshes  Eyche, 

Wych  be  clad  in  my  lyllree, 

ffro  yer  to  yer,  as  ye  ma}^  se.'-^  [stowe,  leaf  go,  back]   3492 

'  And  who  that  taketh  bed  ther-to, 
Al  thyng  that  meM  se  me  do, 
I  do  by  leyser,  by  and  by  : 
I  am  nat  Eakel  nor  hasty  ;  3496 

I  hate,  in  myil)  OppynyOU«S,       Subltas  rautacwnes  oait  natui'a 

Al  sodeyn  mutacyou?is ; 

!My  werkj's  be  the  bettre  wrouht. 

Be  cause  that  I  hastii  nouht :  3500 

I  take  record  of  dame  Eesou). 

'  And  also  ek  in  no  sesoii) 
I  slepii  nouther  day  nor  nyht ; 

ffor,  of  custom  &  of  ryht,  3504 

I  hate  al^  maner  ydelnesse,  PaiieSt.] 

Ouer  al  wher  I  am  maystresse. 
I  am  nat  slowh,  thorgh-out  the  yer,       i°  ceii  &  luuiuii 
To  do  my  werk  &  my  tlever  3508 

Affter  my  power  &  koMnyiig ; 
And  I  make,  with  my  werkyng, 
Man  &  wo»«naii  to  speke  a-r^dit 

Eue;y  language,  thorgh  my  myght ;  [c.  &st,]   3512 

ffovlys  to  flen,  I  teche  also,  „ 

And  euery  beste  for  to  go ;  „ 

ffysshes  to  swymmen  in  the  see,  „ 

-  The  passage  contained  in  11.  3451 — 3492  extends  over  not 
quite  six  lines  in  Camb.  It  runs  thus  :  The  eerthe  is  of  my  I'obes, 
and  in  prime  temps  alwey  j  clothe  it.  To  the  trees  j  yeue 
clothinge  and  apparamens  ayens  somer.  And  sithe  j  make  dis- 
poile  hem  ayen  ayens  winter,  for  to  kerue  hem  oother  robes  and 
kootes  seemynge  alio  newe,  ther  is  neither  brembel  ne  broom  ne 
oolher  tre  that  j  ne  clothe  ayen.  Was  ueuere  Salomon  clotlied 
with  suich  a  robe  as  is  a  bush,  p.  24. 


so  that  Solo- 
mon ill  all  his 
^'lory  was  not 
.so  richly  ar- 
rayed as  is  a 
busli  in  my 
livery. 


I  do  all  lei- 
surely; I 
liate  sudden 
changes. 


1  never  sleep. 


I  liate  idle- 
ness. 


I  make  men 
to  speak, 


[leafSl.back] 
fowls  to  fly. 


94  Nature  convplains  that  Grace  Dicit  turns  Water  into  Wine. 

Nattiire.       'And  I  luakc  ek  (as  ye  may  se,)  [c. &st.]  3516 

serpents  to       Serpeiiiys  on  the  grovnd  to  krepe  ;  „ 

And  alle  greynes  ek  I  kepe, 

and  grain  to     Make  licni  o'l'oven^  in  ther  guyse,  [' groweu  St.] 

grow.  f  D    J      >  ^  °  J 

And  al  ther  sesou;^s  I  devyse.  3520 

And  yiff  I  slial  the  tronthe  expresse, 

lam  mistress     I  ;vm  lady  &-  maVStreSSG  [SandekSt.,  leafG-] 

ot  the  eartli, 

Off  al  the  Erthc,  who  lyst  knowe. 
but  you  *  But  ye  M'olden  holden  lowe  3524 

would  ilimiii- 

ishmypower,   My  powei",  (yt  ys  no  doute,) 

Yiff  3'e  niyghte  yt  brynge  a-boute, 

fful  wrongfully,  ageyn  al  rylit, 

And^  npallen  ek  my  mj'ght  pstowe]   3528 

At  your  fre  clioys ;  tliys  the  ffyn ; 
?.?to'bioor"'   Tourne  vnkyndely  my  wyn 

In-to  blooil,  folk  for  to  drynke ;  3531 

The  wyclu"^  doth  me  sore  a-thynke,    [}  wiiiche  St.,  wyeii  c] 

And  fret  niyn  herte''  so  \v/t//  rage    [Mierte  St.,  hert  c] 

That  ye  do  me  swych  outrage, 

So  nyh  vn-to  myn  herte  yt  sytte  : 
wiiidi  sur-       And  yt  vmsseth  ek  my  Avyt,  3536 

passes  my  k1      l  j        j    j 

'^'''-  Your  goveruau??ce  in  thys  niatere. 

'Touchyng**  bred,  ye  shal  Avel  lere,     l^'^'^'^""''V'",*?f"T 

J     o  J  J  )  Toucliyil  C] 

(To  speken  in  especyal,) 

I  am  not  so  wroth  w/t7<-al,  3540 

!N^or  gruchclie  (in  my?j  oppynyou?^) 
Off  tliylke  mutaciou?^, 
Be  cause  that  I  (who  taketh  hed,) 
I  never  Medlede  neue/"e  to  makii  bred,  3544 

tronbleil  my- 

seiftomaiie     Crostc  nor  kromij,  al  my  lyve. 

bread,  '  -^     '' 

But  I  dar  affermo  her  blyve, 
Thogh  I  wQWifQ,  made  looff, 
[leafjj]       The  mater  that  yt  ys  made  off  3548 

which  is  Kometh  fro  my'  corn  &  greyne  ;       ["  me  st.  (( f.  une 355.-))] 

made  ot  my  "^  o     j        > 

grain.  Aud  I  delyuered  hem,  certeyn, 

Vn-to  Crafft,  wych  I  assure 

Ys  soget  vn-to  Nature.  [stowe,  uaf  c-,  bacic]  3552 

Thogh  she  yt  made  b}'  hyr  engyn, 
The  mater  ti'yrst  was  pleynly  myn, 
And  kam  fro  me,  yt  ys  no  dre  le. 


But  j-ou  have 
turned  bread 
into  flesli, 


which  I  can- 
not allow 
again. 


Nature  comiilcdns  of  Grace  DieiCs  Miraculous  Deeds.     95 

'  But  that  ye  hau  thus  tw/'nyd  bred  3556       x<uure. 

In-to  Eawh  fflesshe  at  your  dyner, 

In  preiudyce  off  my  power, 

To  forbarre  me  of  my  ryht, — 

Wher  hadde  ye  power  outher  myght  3560      [Cap.  xiii] 

To  werke  so  ageyn  my  lore  ] 

I  ma}-  sufEren  yt  no  more. 

I  ha  forboor  yow  many  day,^  ['  a  day  St.] 

And  suffryd  ek  (yt  ys  no  nay,)  356-1: 

"Wrongys  that  ye  ha  do-  to  me.  [2  done  St.] 

I  not  by  whos  auctoryte, 

That  ye,  by  your  gouernau;?cys, 

My  custojMmys  &  myn  ordynau«cys —  3568 

Ageyn  Eesou«  and  al^  skyl — -  [^ar.est.] 

Ye  han  ytournyd  at  your  Avyl. 

I  haue  hem  wel  in  Eeme»ibrau?ice, 

Wit/i  euery  maner  cyrcu?Hstau«ce.  3572 

'  ffyrst,  contrayre  to  m.yn  entent, 
The  busshe  affyre,  &  nat  brent,  Exodi  >  eapUuio 

How  ye  yt  made  ful  longe  ago. 

And  I  reme//ebre  wel  also  3576 

Off  Aaron  &  of  Moyses, 
How  that  ye,  ageyn  my  pes, 
Ther  yerdys,  bothe^  old  &  drye,  [ibothenst.] 

Ye  maden,  thorgh  your  maystrye,  3580 

The  Toon  a  serpent  (ys  yt  nat  so  X)        [stowe,  leafes] 
In  presence  of  Kyng  Pharaoo  ; 
The  tother,  ye  made  wexe  al  grene 
W/t/i  frut  &  levys,  (thus  I  mene,)  [C.&st.]  3584 

Budde  and  blosme,  wiih  many  Hour,  ,, 

To  myn  vnworshepe  &  dyshonour,  „ 

Ageyns  nature,  at  the  leste.  „ 

And  ye  tournede,  at  the  feste  3588 

Off  on  callyd  Architeclyn, 
Water  also  in-to  good  wyn. 
And  also  many  A-nother  thyng, 

Thorgh  your  wonderful  werkyng  3592 

Ye  han  ywrouht  ageynys  kynde. 

*  And  0  thyng  cometh  now  to  mynde, 
Wherwyth  ye  dyde  myn  herte  tene, 


I  have 

siiffeid  manj' 
wrongs  from 
J'ou, 


as  the  bush 
on  fire,  but 


sumed ; 


Moses'  rod 
turned  into  a 
serpent; 

[leafoo.bacli] 


Aaron's  ni.ide 
to  bud ; 


water  tiu'nej 
into  wine  at 
t^aJia; 


96     Nature  complains  that  Grace  Dicu  hrcahs  her  Laws. 


a  Virgin  bear- 
ing a  Cliiltl. 


[Cap.  xliii] 


These  things 
have  caused 
nie  niucli 
sorrow. 


tliougli  I  did 
not  seem  to 
heed  tliem. 


[leaf  50]  • 


You  excite 
me  to  war 
iigainst  you, 


because  you 
diauge  my 
laws, 


and  do  not 
<;all  me  to 
yourcounsel.' 

[Cap.  xliv] 


'  That  ye  made  a  mayde  cleiie 

To  bere  a  cliyld,  Ijy  your  art, 

And  of  niau  liadde  neue/'e  j^art. 

To  mii  ye  dide  to  gret  A^  wrong; 

And  I  ha  suffryd  al  to  long 

That  ye,  a-niong  thys  werlvys  alio 

Lyst  nie  nat  to  consayl  calle. 

Whei-of,  whan  I  dide  aduerte, 

I  hadde  gret  sorwen  yn  niy/«  herte  ; 

Thogh  I  made  no  noyse  at  al, 

I  gruchchede  in  especyal 

A-geyn  your  werkys  wonder  stronge  : 

A  man  may  suffren  al  to  longe, 

As  I  ha  don,  or  that  he  speke  ;  ^ 

And  abyde  or  he  be  wreke ; 

Slepe  to  long,  or  he  a-wake ; 

Suffren,  or  he  vengaunce  take; 

And  I  ha  ben  to  longe  in  pes, 

And  in  maner  Eekkeles 

To  suffre  wrong,  &  took  noon  hede 

Oif  al  that  ye  ha  done  in  dede. 

'And  now  ye  ben  ykome  ageyn, 
Off  entent  to  make  in  veyn 
N^ewe  thyngl'S  men  may  se, 
Only  to  excyte  me 
Ageyns  yow,  both  nyh  &  ferre. 
To  bo  wroth,  &  gyime  a  werre. 
And  to  be  wiili  yow  at  debat. 
And,  ne  wer  the  gret  estat 
That  ye  be  off,  trusteth  me  wel, 
I  wolde  spare  neueradel 
Yow  to  werreye  &  oppresse, 
That  ye  ha  swych  hardynesse 
ffor  to  chauwgen  niyn  vsages, 
And  lyst  nat,  thorgh  your  gret  outrages, 
Off  equyte,  to  myn  avayl, 
ffor  to  calle  me  to  cou?isay], 
AYher-off  I  am  riht  wele  apayd.' 
H  And  whan  Nature  hadde  al  sayd, 
Grace  dieu  ful  sobyrly, 


3596 


[1  to  grete  !-:t.j 

3600 

Seneca.     Tenenda  att  via 
quajH  na</n'a  ii/V'Sci  /p.sit  ; 
iiec  ab  ilia  declinaiidn/w  / 
&  amlra  ilium  q«i  iiitil«r 
noil  alia  via  est  qaaHj  conirti 
aq^tuHi  nauigare. 

3604 


[2  speke  St.] 
[Stowe,  le.il'GS,  bade] 


[C.  &  St.] 


3608 


3612 


3616 


3620 


3624 


3628 


3632 


Grace  Dieu  reproaches  Nature  for  lier  Hastiness.      97 


3640 


.i.  tiworewj 
[UhoughSt.]    3644 

[2  in  St.] 


Grace  Rieu 

answered, 
You  are  too 
hasty ; 


you  seem  to 
be  drunk,  or 
mad. 


(That  herde  hyr  tale  by  and  by,)  3036    Grace  meu. 

JS'at  hastyly,  but  by  mesure, 
Thus  Ansvverde  to  Nature  : 

Grace  Dieu  answerde:  [stowe.ieafeg] 

'  Ye  ben,'  ({uod  she,  '  to  cruel, 
To  hasty  also,  and  to  fel 
Ageyns  me,  in  your  language, 
ffor  ye  speke  by  gret  outrage 
Proudly  to  me,  &  ha  no  feere, 
Lych  sothly  as  thog^  ye  were 
In  party  dronken  of  your  wynes 
Wycli  that  groweth  on^  your  vynes 
Ye  resemble  by  your  mood 

And  by  your  port,  as  ye  wer  wood.  3648 

And  for  ouht  that  I  kan  se, 
Ye  be  sottyd  (thus^  semeth  me)  [Sasst.] 

Off  newe,  &  I  wot  nat  how. 

*  Remembreth  what  ye  spake  ryht  now,  3652 

And  how  ye  sayde  to  me  pleynly, 
'  That  ye  wer  nat  to  hasty 

In  your  werkys,  fer  nor  ner ;  [C.  &  St.] 

But  that  ye  wrouht  al  be  leyser,  ,,       3656 

And  in  your  werkys  dyde  tarye.'  „ 

And  I  se  now  the  contrarye  ,, 

In  your  pe/-sone  folyly.  „ 

ffor  ye  to  me,  ful  nycely,  3660 

Al  that  euere  ye  dide  expresse, 
"Was  ysayd  off  hastynesse, 
"Wit/i-outen  any  gret  avys, 

Lyk  as  thogh  ye  wer  nat  wys ;  3664 

Your  wordys  nat  in  ordre  set,         [stowe,  leaf  69,  back] 
Eancour,  your  Eeso?in  hath  so  let. 
And,  trewly,  nadde  be 

That  I  concevede,  &  dyde  se  3668 

Your  sodeyn  Ire  &  your  Eancour, 
And  also  for  myw  owne  honour, 
I  hadde  yow  voyded  A-noon  ryht, 
And  booden  yow  gon  out  of  syht.  3672 

But  folkys  wych  that  ben  Irous, 
Hasty  &  malyncolyous,  [c.  &  St.] 

PILGRIMAGE.  H 


Remember 
wliat  you 
said  just 
now, 
[leaf  56,  back] 


tliat  you 
wrought  lei- 
surely. 


But  now 
anger  has 
overcome 
you. 


Had  I  not 
seen  your  ire 
I  should  have 
avoided  you. 


98       Grace  Dieic  asJcs  Nature,   Who  gives  her  Poiver. 


Angry  men 
cannot 
clearly  dis- 
cern a 
matter. 


[Cap.  xlv] 

But  tell  me, 
Nature,  see- 
ing that  you 
blame  me. 


[leaf  57] 


and  are  angrry 
at  what  I  do. 


and  say  I  had 
no  licence  to 
enter  into 
your  garden : 


of  whom  do 
you  hold  all 
that  you 
have  ? 


[2  It  St.,  I  C] 


[C.  &  St.] 


3684 


3688 


3692 


*  Other  folk,  that  wj^sci  bene, 

Mot  forbern  he??i  in  her  tene,  3676 

Be-cause  they  kan  hem  nat^  goiierne ;  [•  nat  hem  st.] 

And  ek  for  they  kan  nat  dyscerne 

A  thyng  clerly  in  ther  entent, 

ffor  ther  trouble,  entendement  3680 

Y.«!  W?'t.7/   Tre  vblvnded  so        Poeta.     [St.,  Com.)    Iraimpedit 
i  b  Viihib  J.ie  y  Uiyuaeu  bO,  animum,  ne  possit  eerneie  varum. 

That  they  wot  nat  what  they  do. 
To  sen  a  trouthe,  they  nat  entende, 
ffor  they  kan  nat  co;/iprehende, 
Thorgh  ther  obstynat  blyndnesse, 
No  thyng  but  oif  wylfulnesse  : 
It 2  stondeth  thus,  I  dar  assure. 

'  But  tel  me  now,  dame  !N"ature, 
Touchyng  that  ye,  her  in  thys  place, 
Eebuke  me  off  my  trespace. 
And  vndernemen  and  repreve. 
And  outragously  your-sylven  greue 
Off  offencys  I  scholde  ha  do ; 
And  affermen  ek  also, 
Your  frauJichyse  to  avaylle 
Off  bou/idys  &  off  botaylle  : 
I  mene  thus,  of  bowndys  set. 
By  mesour  tryed  out  &  met 
A-twyxe  the  rylit  of  yow  &  me, 
And  seyn,  '  A-geyn  your  lyberte 
That  I  dyde  gret  offence 
To  entre,  &  hadde  no  lycence, 
In-to  your  gardyri  al  to  soue, 
Vnder  the  cercle  off  the  moone, 
Wych  to  yow  allone  ys  fre.' 
I  pray  yow,  answere  ageyn  to  me, 
(Say  the  trouthe,  so  God  the^  saue  !)         [^yow  st.] 
Off  whom  holde  ye  that  ye  haue, 
Your  lordshepe  &  euery  del  1 
Ye  Eesemble  (who  loke  wel,) 
Vn-to  the  wylde  swyn  savage, 
Wych  that  renneth  in  hys  rage 
In  the  woodys  large  &  grene. 
And  ne  kan  no  ferther  sene 


[Stowe,  leaf  70] 


3696 


3700 


3704 


3708 


3712 


Grace  Dieu  tells  Nature  she  is  hut  her  Chamlermaid.     99 


*  But  to  the  frut  that  he  hath  f ounde, 

And  the  Acornys  on  the  grounde, 

if  or  to  fille^  hys  hongry  niawe.         [i  FyUe  St.,  feiie  C] 

ffor  he,  in  hys  swynys  lawe, 

Off  hys  rudnesse  bestyal, 

JSTe  kan  no  ferther  se  at  al 

Toward  the  hevene,  nor  the  tre 

Wher  he  receyveth  hys  plente, 

That  bar  the  frut  for  hys  repast, 

Al  that  ys  from  hys  mynde  past ;  [stowe,  leaf  70,  back] 

tfor  to  the  acorn  al  only, 

And  to  hys  ffoode  fynally 

Ys'^  set  hys  herte  &  al  hys  thouht ;      ['  Yt  St.,  ys  c] 

ffor  he  in  soth  ne  recchet  nouht  [st.  &.  c.j 

Off  alle  the  surplus  neue7'adel. 

'  And  tre\v[e]ly  ye  may  ryht  wel 
Vn-to  thys  swyn  resembled  be, 
Wych  kan  not  be-holde  or  se, 
N'or  of  malys,  nor  dysdeyn, 
Lyst  nat  knowen  in  certeyn 
Off  whom  ye  han  al  your  power 
Wzt/i-Inne  your  bou?idys,  fer  or  ner. 
"VYit/i-oute  me  ye  ha  no  thyng ;  [st.  &  c] 

jS'or  al  your  crafft  nor  your  werkyng, 
"Wit//-oute  me  may  nat  avaylle. 
Yovr  werkys  alle  I  sowbpowaylle, 
And  he??i  supporte,  yif  ye  ha  mynde. 

'  Vndoth  your  Eyen^  dyrk  &  blynde,    [SEyen  St., 
The  Eyen  of  yovr  entendement ; 
And,  by  good  avysement, 
The  lyddys  off  your  Eye  vncloseth  ! 
Knoweth  wel  (and  nat  supposeth) 
I  am  lady,  hool  &  entere ; 
And  ye  be  but  my  chamberere  : 
Thys  shal  ye  fynde  al  openly 
Yiff  ye  looke  avysely. 
Leve  your  wordys  hih  aloffte, 
And  lerneth  for  to  speke  soffte, 
And  EenouTzceth  al  your  rage  ;  [stowe,  leafTi] 

ffor  ye  sholde  me  don  homage 


3716 


3720 


3724 


Y'ou  are  like 
a  swine  in 

the  woods, 


which  seea 
nothing 
beyond  the 
acorns  on 
which  it 
feeds, 


3728     [leaf  57,  back] 

3732 

because  you 
know  nothing 
of  wlioni  you 
receive  your 
3736    power. 

3740 

Eyn  C] 

3744 
3748 
3752 

and  should 
do  homage 
to  me. 


All  you  liave 
comes  from 
me. 


and  you  are 
only  my 
servant, 


100 


Grace,  Dieu  says  she  is  Natures  Mistress. 


I  gave  you 
wli;it  you 
)iave  to  keep 
you  from 
idleness, 

and  to  rae 
you  must 
give  an 
account. 

[leaf  58] 


Tlie  bounds 
between  us 
confine  j'ou, 
but  not  me. 


Wlietlier  you 
are  offended 
or  not,  does 
not  concern 
me. 


A  mistress 
must  have  a 
servant. 


[Cap.  xlvi] 


Without  me, 
you  can  do 
nothing. 


'  (Off  lustyce  and  equyto), 

ffor  that  ye  holde,  ye  holde  of  me.  3756 

ffor  long  agon,  a  gret  party e, 

I  gaff  to  yow  (of  curteysye) 

To  occupye  your  sylff  alway, 

Off  entent  that,  nyht  nor  day,  3760 

That  ye  sholde  nat  ydel  be, 

And  that  ye  sholde,  a-geyn  to  me 

Yelde  accountys  off  euery  thyng 

Touchyng  the  fyn  of  your  werkyng,  37 6  J- 

As  a  chamberere  (in  sothnesse)  [st.  &  c] 

Sholde  vnto  hire  mayst[e]resse.  „ 

And  therfore,  yiff  ye  wer  wys,  „ 

Ye  sholde  nat  in  your  avys  „       3768 

Speke  of  bou?Klys  in  no  degre  „ 

Set  be-twyxii  yow  &  me. 

The  bouredys  c6nstreyue  your  party ; 

But,  for  al  that,  I  go  frely  3772 

Wher  that  me  lyst,  at  lyberte  : 

They  bou?^du  yow,  &  no  thyng  me ; 

Close  yow  out,  that  ye  nat  passe  ; 

But  I  go  fre  in  eu^ry  place ;  3776 

In  heuene,  in  erthe,  &  in  the  se 

I  bou?ide  yow,  &  ye  not  me. 

Wer  yt  offendii  yow  or  greue, 

I  take  of  yow  no  maner  leue,  3780 

To  go  &  medle  wher  I  shal :  [stowe,  leaf  71,  back] 

Ye  ha  no  thyng  to  do  'wiih  al. 

'  I  do  ryht  nouht  in  my  werkyng 
But  as  yt  ys  ryht  wel  syttyng  3784 

Off  equyte  &  ryhtwysnesse. 
ffor  she  that  ys  a  mayst[e]resse 
Muste  haue  a  seruauwt  hyr  to-beye  :  ^        ['to  obeye] 
I  trowe  ye  kan  yt  not  w^t/^-seye.  3788 

And  ye  ouht  to  know  ek  wel 
That  ye  ha  power  neueradel 
"VVft/i-oute  me,  on  no  party. 

I  wyl  shewii  good  skyle  why,  3792 

Yp-on  the  wordys  that  ye  ha  sayd, 
So  ye  wyl  nat  ben  euele  apayd. 


i 


Grace  Dieu  says  her  Sim  alone  makes  Nature  xvorh.     101 


Ye  seyde,  '  the  mevyng  of  the  hevene 
And  the  planetys  alle  seucne 
Longeii  to  me  pleynly  in  al ; 
And  how  ther  cours  celestyal, 
I  haue  yt  hoi  in  gouernauwce ; 
And  how  that  I,  at  my  plesau?ice 
Tourne  the  hevene  Eound  abowte, 

'  Tlianne  I  axe  of  yow  thys  donte  :  [c.  &  st 

Yiff  I  now  made  a  newe  pley,     [Camb.,  p.  27] 
ffor  to  take  the  so?2ne  away 
Doure  fro  the  heuene  a-noon  ryht, 
That  no  man  of  hym  hadde  a  syht 
Thys  hundryd  yer,  in  no  manere, 
Nor  that  hys  bryhte  bemys  clere 
Ne  wer  nat  seyn  :  answere  here-to, 
What  maner  thynges  myghte  ye  do  1 
Or  wheroff  sholde  ye  ha  socour,    [Stowe,  ieaf72]    „ 
To  brynge  forth  outher  herbe  or  flour  1  „ 

Or  fostre  your  sedys,  blosme,  or  greyn  1 
Or  wi't/i  newe  grene  a-gayn 
Clothen  the  busshes  in  ther  maner  „ 

As  ye  ar  wont  fro  yer  to  yer,  „ 

By  yerly  reuoluciou?is  ? 

'  And  touchyng  generaciou?is, 
What  power  ha  ye  ouht  to  do, 
Yiff  the  sowne  wer  ago  % 
Al  sholde  faylle,  yt  ys  no  nay. 
And  sythe  go  ful  many  a  day, 
The  paynym  Arystotyles, 
Wrot  &  expressede  douteles, 
That  was  so  noble  &  prudent, 
Preveth  ful  wel  by  argument, 
By  trouth  also,  &  good  Eeson), 
That  al^  generacyon)  Yy^empium     ['aiiest.] 

Ys  SUSteyned  by  the  SOmie.  in  20  de  generaciowe 

Whan  the  skyes  dyrke  &  do?ine 
Ben  devoyded  a-way  clene, 
'Wiili  hys  bemys  bryht  &  shene, 
That  on  erthe  wer  no  bryhtnesse, 
I  take  your  clerk  vn-to  wytnesse, 


3796 


You  have 
said,  '  The 
heavens  are 
under  my 

3800  '"'e.' 


[leaf  08,  back] 
then  I  ask 
you  this: 


3804 


3808     'If  I  were  to 
take  away 
tlie  sun. 


3812     I'ow  would 
you  bring 
"forth  herbs  ? 


381C 


3820 


3824 


how  re-clothe 
the  bushes? 


If  the  sun 
were  with- 
drawn, all  life 
would  fail, 


as  Aristotle 
proved. 


3828 


3832 


102         Grace  Dieu  ridicides  Natures  Presumption. 


and  )ie  sliall 
be  my  ad- 
vocate. 

[leaf  59] 


If  I  made  tlie 
sun  and  stars 
cease  to 
shine. 


your  power 
would  be  set 
aside. 


Your  grudg- 
ing against 
me  is  like 
the  axe  argu- 
ing witli  the 
carpenter, 


or  the  pot 
with  the 
potter; 


you  were 
made  to  be 
my  instru- 
ment to  help 
me. 


[leaf  59,  back] 


'  Arystotyle,  in  thys  debaat, 
ffor  to  ben  niyn  aduocaat 
A-geyns  yow  in  thys  matere. 
ffor  your  power  al  yfere 
Wer  lost  &  gon  (shortly  to  fyne,) 
Yiff  no  Sonne  ne  dyde  shyne. 
ffor  your  power  wer  al  shent, 
Yiff  the  Rounde^  fyrmameut, 
The  planetys,  &  ech-  spere, 
And  the  bryhte^  sterrys  clere, 
Yiff  I  \\Qin  maade  to  cesse  echon, 
Than  wer  your  power  clene  agon, 
A-batyd,  &  set  a-syde. 
Wher-vp-on,  lat  be  your  pryde, 
And  gruchchet  nat  ageyn[e]s  me, 
Syth  I  ha''  the  sovereynte, 
Lordshepe,  &  domynaciou??. 

*  And  yt  wer  abusyoum — 
Lycb  as  wryteth  Ysaye, 
And  in  hys  book  doth  specefye, 
A  gret  despyt  (both  fer  &  ner) — 
Yiff  a-geyn  the  carpenter 
The  Ex  wer  bold,  by  surquedye, 
ffor  to  holden  chauntpartye. 
Yt  wer  a  thyng  ageyn[e]s  kynde, 
In  Holy  Wryt  as  ye  shal  fynde, 
And  a  thyng  off  gret  dysdeyne. 
And  yiff  the  pot  sholde  also  seyn 
To  the  potter  that  hy»4  wrouhte. 
And  hys  forme  a-boute  brouhte, 
Yiff  he  pleynede  off^  hys  makyng, 
Touchyng  hys  fason)  and  werkyng, 
Yt  wer  a  thyng  nat  covenable. 

'  And  evene  lyk  in  cas  semblable 
Ye  argue  ageyn[e]s  me, 
Wych  in  effect  nat  ellys  be 
(ffor  al  your  sotel  argument) 
But  myn  handwerk  &  instrument, 
Wych  I  ha  mad  to  lielpen  me, 
l^at  off  no  necessyte, 


3836 


[C.  &  St.] 

[Stowe,  leaf  72,  back] 
[1  Rounde  St.,  Round  C. 
[2  eche  St.] 
[3  brignt  St.,  bryght  C] 


3840 


3844 


3848 


[*  have  St.] 


3852 


NuHquid  gloriabitur  securis/ 
Ysaye  x"  capitulo 


[5  on  St.] 


3856 


3860 


3864 


3868 


3872 


[Stowe,  leaf  73] 


Grace,  Dicu  will  do  as  she  likes,  turn  Wine  to  Blood,  &c.   103 


'  That  I  off  yow  (yiff  ye  take  lieJe,)  [c.  &  st.] 

Sholde  liaue  any  maner  nede  „       3876 

Among  my  grete  werkys  alle,  „ 

But  only  whan  me  lyst  yow  calls. 

'  And  many  a  thyng  I  haue  ek  wrouht, 
To  wych  I  ne  callede  yow  nouht.  3880 

Yt  nedede  nat  the  caas  so  stood  : 
And  I  shal  cliau»ge  wyn  to  blood 

"\Vit7/-0Ute  your  C0U?«Sayl  or  your  red,    Consilium  meum  stabit, 

&  ommis  voluKtas  inea 

And  in-to  Eawli  flessh,  ek  whyt  bred,     fitt.  Ysaye.  46°  [lo]. 
And  brown  also,  whan  that  me  lyst,  3885 

Thogli  off  yow  yt  be  nat  wyst. 

'  The  cause  ys,^  in  conclusiou?^,  \}  as  St.] 

Off  thys  ylke  mutacioure,  3888 

At  myn  ownie  lust  yt  dresse ; 
And  ellys  ne  wer  I  no  maystresse, 
Eut  yitf  I  hadde  lyberte 

To  don  al  thyng  that  lyketh  me  3892 

A\Wi-oute  labour  at  myn  ese, 
"Wych  sholde  yow  nat  dysplese, 
Thogh  I  do  thyng  (tak  hed  her- to,) 
"Wych  your-sylff  ne  may  nat  do ;  3896 

Therof  ye  sholden  ha  dysport, 
And  in  your  herte  gret  couHifort, 
As  of  the  bussh,  wych  to  the  syht 
Sempte  as  yt  hadde  brent  ful  bryht,  3900 

And  brent  nat,  as  I  ha  sayd  ; 
Wher-of  ye  sholde  be  wel  apayd, 
And  thank  me  of  entenciou/i  [stowe,  leaf  73,  back] 

Only  for  the  savaciou??,  3904 

Rather  than  chyde,  or^  lowde  crye  [^  and  St.] 

Off  rancour  &  malencolye, 
Off  hast  to  be  so  Rekkeles. 

'  And  off  the  yerd  of  Moyses  3908 

And  off  Aaron,  wher-on  ye  pleyne  ; 
And  off  that  Mayde  souereyne,  [c.&st.] 

Mayde  &  moder  in  clennesse,  „ 

Off  chastyte  the  cheff  pryncesse,  3912 

Wych  bar  a  chylde  in  verray  dede, 
And  kept  alway  hyr  maydenhede ; 


I  liave  done 
many  tilings 
without  j'ou. 


and  I  shall 
turn  wine 
into  blood 

and  bread 
into  flesh 
now  without 
your  advice, 


else  am  I  no 
mistress. 


You  should 
take  comfort 
from  the 
wonders 
wrought  by 
me,  as  of  the 
bush, 


and  the  rods  " 
of  Moses  and 
Aaron, 

[leaf  60] 


and  the  Vir- 
gi". 


104     The  Common  Good  must  he  'preferd  to  the  Special. 


and  the 
miracle  of 
Cana. 


A  good  serv- 
ant ought  to 
rejoice  in  the 
works  of  her 
mistress. 


The  common 
good  must 
always  be 
preferred. 


The  PUffrim. 


Nature, 
knowing  she 
was  wrong, 


[leaf  GO,  back] 


cried  for 
mercy,  and 
said: 


'  And  off  the  water  tornyd  to  wyn 
At  the  fest  off  Archityclyn  : 
Al  thys  I  wrouhte,  tliorgh  my  myht, 
With-oiite  preiudyce  of  your  ryht ; 
"VVher-off  ye  sholde  ha  gret  gladnesse, 
And  nat  gruchche  for  hevynesse 
Touchyng  al  thys,  in  no  manere. 
ffor  alway  a  good  chaumbercre 
Sholde  be  ryht  glad  in  herte 
Whan  she  seye,  or  dyde  aduerte 
The  fayre  werkys  (in  sothnesse) 
Off  hyr  lady  or  maystresse, 
Pryncypally  (who  loke  wel,) 
Whan  that  she  leseth  neueradel 
Off  hyr  ffrau?jchyse  in  no  degre. 
ffor  euere  mot  preferryd  be 
The  comou»  "ood  in  general. 


3916 


3920 


3924 


3928 


3932 


[Stowe,  leaf  74] 


Goodys  that  ben  e.Bpecyal, 
The  comou?^  good,  in  soth  I  calle 
That  doth  profyte  to  folkys  alia, 
Especyally  in  al  vertu.' 

And  whan  thys  lady,  Grace  dieu, 
Had  al  sayd,  I  yow  ensure, 
A -noon  thys  lady,  dame  N'ature, 
^Whan  she  had  herd  hyr  tale  a  long, 
Knowyng  that  she  hadde  do  wrong, 
And  hyr  co»ipleynte  (to  specefye,) 
Was  ygrou?idyd  on  folye, 
fful  humblely  in  hyr  degre 
She  ffyl  a-noon  vp-on  hyr  kne. 

[6  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illuminaiion.'] 

Nature  cryede  mercy. 
The  fyrstii-  word  that  she  gan  seye,     [^  Fyrste  St.,  fyrst  C] 
Nature,  off  mercy  gan  hyr  preye. 
And  with  humble  cher  &  fface 
She  coufessede  hyr  trespace  ; 
And  to  hyr  sayde  most  mekely,'"' 
'  Ma  dame,'  <:{uod  she,  '  ful  folyly 
I  have  governyd  me  to  yow, 

^  Cap.  1.     Caps,  xlvii,  xlviii,  and  xlix  of  C.  are  omitted 


3936 


3940 


3944 


3948 

[3  mekely  St.,  mekly  C] 


Nature  hcgs  Grace  Dieit  to  forgive  her. 


105 


*  And  fill  vngoodly  spoke  now,  3952 

Wher-off  I  repente  sore. 

And  certys,  I  ne  shal  no  more 

Off'ende  yow  in  no  manere, 

N'outlier  in  speche  nor  in  chere ;  3956 

So  that,  of  mercy  &^  pyte,         ['and  off  St.;  leaf  74,  back] 

Ye  wyl  as  now  forgyve  yt  me, 

That  I  lia  don  al  oiitterly ; 

And  that  ye  wyl,  so  gracyously,  3960 

Off  alle  that  eue/"e  me  asterte, 

'No  thyng  reservyn^  in  your  herte,    [^  reservyn  st.,  reheisyn  c] 

Only  off  your  benygne  grace, 

But  clene  forgete  my  trespace.'  3964 

Grace  Dieu  answereth : 
'  Certys,'  quod  Grace  dieu  ryht  tho, 
'  I  wyl  gladly  that  yt  be  so  ; 
But  taketh  bed  of  that  I  seye, 
In  peyne  of  lesyng  of  your  eye. 
That  ye  neuere,  in  al  your  lyff, 
Be  nat  hardy  for  to  stryve 
A-geyn  my  workys  in  no  wyse ; 
Nor  that  ye  no  thyng  despyse 
What-eue?"e  I  do,  for  al  your  wyt ;  [c.  &  St.] 

ffor  I  ne  wyl  nat  suffren  yt,  „ 

But  werke  alway  (as  yt  ys  skyl) 
Wit/i-oute  yow,  affter  my  wyl.' 
H  And  whan  thys  parleme?^t  Avas  do. 
As  ye  han  herd,  atwen  hem  two, 
And  Moyses  ek  dyned  haddo 

Wit/i  hys  seriia?itys  good  &  badde,  3980 

He  made  A-noon  (thys,  the  cheff,) 
ffor  to  departe  the  releff  : 

Hys  Awmener  yt  badde  in  charge,        [stowe,  leaf  75] 
And  bad  to  yive  yt  forth  ful  large  3984 

To  pylgrymes,  wych  day  be  day 
Travayllede  forth  vp-on  her  way  ; 
Off  the  wych,  as  thouhte  me 
Ther  was  gret  noumbre  &  plente.  3988 

But,  or  that  he  gaff  any  thyng 
Off  the  releff  in  partyng 


'  I  repent  of 
what  I  have 
spoken. 


Forgive  me, 


and  forget 
my  trespass. 


'Certainly,' 
said  Grace ; 


'  but  beware 
of  striving 
witli  me, 


[leaf  61] 

for  I  will  not 
permit  it.' 


3976      The  Pi'-arim. 


3968 


3972 


[Cap.  li] 


When  Moses 
had  dined, 


and  had  com- 
manded liis 
almoner  to 
give  food  to 
poor  pil- 
grims. 


106    TiDO  Ladies  appear:  one  with  a  Hammer  and  Broom, 


The  Pilgrim. 


two  ladies 
appeared 


between 
Moses  and 
the  people. 


The  first  lield 
a  little  writ- 
ing in  her 
hand. 


[leaf  61,  back] 


The  other 
held  a  ham- 
mer in  one 
hand, 

a  rod  in  the 
other, 


and  a  besom 
in  her  mouth. 


Anybody  else 
would  have 
been  thought 
mad. 


Vn-to  any  maner  whylit, 

Ou%  off  a  chaujjibre,  a-noon  ryht,  3992 

I  sawli  two  ladyes  kome  yfere, 

Wych,  of  port  &  of  manere 

And  off  wojumanly  plesau?^ce, 

Hadclen  ful  gret  snffysau?^ce  ;  3996 

And  curteysly  amyd  tlie  pres, 

Atwen  the  peple  and  j\royses, 

They  putten  hem,  thys  ylke  two. 

[6  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.^ 
H  And  she  that  wente  a-forn  ryht  tho,  4000 

(As  yt  sempte  vn-to  iny  wyt), 
Held  in  hyr  hand  a  lytel  wryt 
Vnclosyd  vn-to  my  reward, 

As  ye  shall  heryn  affterward,  [c.  &st.]  4004 

Yiff  ye  lyst  a  whyle  dwelle.  „ 

But  off  the  tother  I  shal  fyrst  telle,  ,, 

^Wych  in  hyr  hond,  (as  I  be-helde  „ 

The  same  tyrae)  an  hamer  helde.^  4008 

And  in  hyr  other  hand  wzt/;-al, 
She  held  a  yerde,  sclender  &  smal,      [stowe,  leaf  rs,  back] 
To  skouren  chyldern,  &  chastyse. 
And  also, — as  I  shal  devyse,  4012 

Vn-to  my  syht  a  thyng  vnkoiith, — 
She  held  a  bysme  in  hyr  mouth 
Atwyxe  hyr  teth,  (yt  ys  no  fayl,) 

AVher-off  I  hadde  gret  mervayl.  4016 

Yet  she  yt  helde  so  cvrteysly 

That  no  man  wolde^  deme  ther-by      [^  woide  St.,  woia  c] 
That  she  was  neuere  the  lasse  Avys. 
But  yiff  a-nother  (to  my  devys,)  4020 

Hadde  holde  yt  so  as  dyde  she, 
Men  wolde  ha  sayd,  she  hadde  be 
Out  of  hyr  wyt,  or  ellys  falle 

In-to  rage.     And  fyrst  of  alle  4024 

Thys  lady  wysly  dyde  abrayde 
To  pylgrymes,  &  thus  she  sayde  : 
(The  bysme  lette  hyr  neueradel 

1—1  The  same  tyme  /  an  hamer  licld  / 

In  hyre  hande  /  as  I  beheld'. — Stowe,  leaf  75, 


who  is  Dame  Penance,  and  siveeps  and  hammers -men.    107 


But  that  she  myght  speko  wel :) 

'  Syrs,'  q?<ocZ  she,  '  I  wot  ryht  wel 

That  ye  consydren  euerydel 

My  gouernau?ice  &  my?i  aray. 

But  I  wot  wel,  (yt  ys  no  nay,) 

Ye  nat  aduerten  in  substau?«ce 

Touchynge  al  my  gouernamice. 

I  trowe  ye  kan  nat  al  espye 

What  thyng  yt  doth  sygnefye. 

But,  kometh  ner  to  me  echon, 

And  I  shal  declare  A-noon 

To  yow  the  maner  by  &  by. 

And  yt  expone  feythfully. 

Off  the  trouthe  my  sylff  taquyte,  [stowe,  ieaf76] 

'  I  am  the  ff'ayre,  louyd  but  lyte ; 
Off  my  port,  demur  And  sad, 
Debonayre,  &  gretly  drad  [sadde . . .  dratWe  st.] 

Off  fele  folkys  that  me  se. 
And  trew[e]ly  I  am  ek  she 
Now-a-dayes  lytel  preysyd. 
And  yet  ful  worthy  to  be  reysed 
Off  prys,  to  folkys  that  be  dygne ; 
Eygerous  &  ful  benygne 
To  alle  that  be  vertuous  ; 
Happy  also,  and  ryht  Ewrous, 
The  gracyouse,  of  smal^  plesaurace,      \}  smai  St.,  syn  ai 
I  am  callyd  Dame  Penaunce. 
The  cheff  wardeyn  (who  lyst  se,) 
Off  thylke  yle  most  secre ; 

The  Wych  (who  espye  kan,)  Verba  Translatoiys 

Ys  yhyd  wiili-hmo,  a  man. 

I  make  yt  clene  (I  yow  ensure,) 

Off  alle  fylthe  &  al  ordure, 

Or  iher-yn  entre  any  whyht. 

Therfore  I  here,  off  verray  ryht, 

Thys  bysme  ;  Thys  hamer,  ek  ther-to. 

And  thys  lytel  yerde  also, 

On  al  felthes^  to  be  wreke.  [^  Fyitiies  st.] 

W^■t/t  thys  hamer  I  brose  &  breke, 

Lyk  to  my  condycyou/i 


4028 


4032 


4036 


4040 


4048 


4052 

C] 


4056 


4060 


4064 


Penance. 

[Prose. 

Cap.  lii] 
'  Sirs,'  she 
said,  '  1  know 
you  are  ob- 
serving my 
demeanour 
and  diess; 


but  you  do 
not  see  what 
it  signifies. 


[leaf  C2] 


I  am  the  fair 

one, 

little  loved. 


I  am  little 
praised. 


My  name  is 
Penance. 


I  guard  the 
Isle  within 
man, 


and  cleanse  it 
of  all  filth. 


108    Penance  softens  3Ien's  Hearts,  and  maJccs  them  repent. 


Penance. 

Willi  my 
liammef  I 
break  obsti- 
nate heai'ts. 


[leaf  62,  back] 


As  a  child 
by  striking 
an  apjile 
makes  it  soft, 


so  I  make 
men  cry 
Alas !  for 
their  sins, 


and  cry  to 
God  for 
mercy. 


With  this 
hammer 
I  softened 
Peter's  heart, 


'  y^iih  anguissh  and  contric'iou?t,  4068 

Hertys  that  be  obstynat 

Wz't//,  synnes  olde,  ek  indurat,         [stowe,  leaf  76,  back] 

And  fulfyllyd  with  vnclennesse, 

I  do  alway  my  bysynesse  4072 

To  make  hem  souple,  nesshe,  and  tendre, 

And  off  her  gretii^  bollyug,  sclender;     [' grete  St.,  gret  c] 

Also  for  to  wake  and  wepe, 

Sorwe  &  pleyne  ^\^ill  syhes  depe,  4076 

ffor  ther  synnes  waymeutynge. 

H  And  as  a  Chylde  with  betynge   Exempium.  [c.  &  st.] 

By  exau?»ple  (as  ye  se  offte,)  ,, 

Maketh  llis  harde^  ^PPyl  SOffte      [«  he  harde  St.,  .  .  his  hard  C] 

WM  offte  smytyng  off  hys  ffyst,  [c.  &st.]  4081 

Tyl  yt  be  tendre  as  hym  lyst, 

And  that  the  lycour  ysseth  oute, 

Eyght  so  fare^  I,  yt  ys  no  doute 

I  smyte  hertys  vp  &  dou?i, 

And  make  hem,  by  contryc'iou?^, 

Wyth  salte  terys  (thys  the  cas,) 

To  sorwe,  crye,  &  seyn,  alias 

That  they  euere  dyde  Amys  ! 

Ye  shal  yt  fynde,  &  thus  yt  ys. 

Off  ther  trespacys  they  repente, 

And  seyn,  in  al  ther  beste  entente,  4092 

'  A,  Lord  God  !  now,  off  thy  grace, 

How  shal  I  han  off  my  trespace 

Allegement,  wft/i-oute  the, 

But  thow  graunte,  off  thy  pyte,  4096 

That  I  may,  al  outterly. 

Off  my  Gyltes  ha  mercy. 

So  that  I  do  no  mor  Amys  % 

Now,  goode  Lord,  thow  grauntii  thys  ! '    [St.,  if.  77]    4100 

Thus  I  maken  hem  crye;t  offte. 

'  And  w/t/i  thys  liamer  I  made  soffte 
Seyn  Petrys  herte,  &  yt  to-brak, 

That  yt  weute  al  vn-to  wrak,  4104 

Wych  ffyrst  was  hard  as  any  ston. 
But  I  made  yt  nesshe  A-noon 
Whan  he  hys  mayster  fyrst  forsook. 


[3  fere  St.,  far  C]    4084 


4088 


Penance  reformd  St.  Peter  and  Mary  Magdalene.     109 


'  But  whan  that  I  the  hamer  took,  4108 

I  siuet  hy?>i  so  with  repentaiuice, 

And  made  hy??i  nesshe  with  penauwce, 

That  the  lews,  off  hys  wepyng 

Yssede  out  in  c6mpleynyng  4112 

Of  verray  sorvve  &  bytternesse, 

He  felt  ther-ofF  so  gret  dystresse 

In  ]]ys  greuous  hertly  peyne. 

'  And  also  Mary  Mawgdeleyne,  4116 

Wit/;  thys  hamer  I  smot^  so  [i  smote  st] 

That  hyr  herte  I  rooff  a-two, 
Wych  Avas  ful  hard  ^\iill  synnes  old. 
But  with  strokys  many  fold  4120 

I  made  hyr  tendre,  (yt  ys  no  doute,) 
That  the  terys  yssede  oute. 
Out  oflf  hyr  brest,  so  gret  plente, 

That  men  myghte  the  lycour  se  4124 

By  hyr  chekys  renne  a-down 
Off  verray  sorwe,  so  gret  foysown, 
That,  in  hyr  bytter  sorwes  kene. 

She  was  Avasshe  witli-sX  so  clene,  4128 

And  so  inly  purefyed, 

Tliat  ther  was  no  f elthe  espyed       [stowe,  leaf  ii,  back] 
Off  synne  wit/t-Inne  hyr  tendre  herte. 
ffor,  whan  the  bytter  terys  smerte  4132 

Off  hyr  Avepyng  wer  Eoime  down 
Thorgh  sorwe  &  gret  contryciou?i, 
I  took  vn-to  \\Qm  so  gret  kepe, 

That  I  hem  gadrede  on  an  hepe,2      [s hepe  St.,  hep  c]  4136 
That  ordure  leffte  noon  be-hynde. 
And  I  to-gydre  dyde  ha?ii  bynde — ■ 
Al  that  eue?-e  they  Avrouhte  a-wrong, — 
And  make  ther-off  a  lye  strong,  4140 

That  ther-wM-al  (I  yow  ensure,)  ^  p  stowe  leaves  out  these  two 

\     J  '/        necessary  lines,  leaf  77,  Dk.] 

I  Avasshe  a- way  al  ordure.^ 

ffor  Avho  so  lyst  consydre  &  se. 

So  gret  a  synne  may  non  be,  4144 

But  that  the  lye  off  repentyng 

Doth  yt  a-way  in  Avasshyng, 

And  maketh  yt  clene  euerydel, 


and  made 
him  weep 


[leaf  63] 
in  the  bitter- 
ness of  his 
heart. 


With  it  I  also 
cleft  the  lieart 
of  Mary  Mag- 
dalene, 


and  with  the 
abundance  of 
her  tears 
washed  away 
her  sins. 


The  tears  of 
repentance 
cleanse  from 
all  sin. 


110     Penance  cleans  men's  Heaois  out  like  an  old  Pot. 


[leaf  63,  back] 
For  this 
washing  I  am 
called  tlie 
king's  Laun- 
dress and 
Chamberer. 

[Prose. 
Cap.  liii] 


My  hammer 
is  used  upon 
a  sinful  man 


as  if  he  were 
a  pot  full  of 
hardened 
filth, 


which  before 
it  can  be 
cleansedmust 
be  broken. 


[Cap.  liv] 
Understand 
from  this. 


[leaf  64] 


'  Yiff  yt  ther-in  be  wasshe  wel. 
And  for  thys  skyle,  in  my  Avasshyng, 
I  am  vn-to  the  myghty  kyng 
Callyd  sothly  the  '  lavendere,' 
And  also  ek  hys  '  chau»iberere,' 
In  thys  offyces  bothe  two, 

'  ^ow  vnderstondeth  ek  also, 
That  thys  hamer  I  ber  wiih  me 
ffor  thys  skyle,  as  ye  shal  se,  \ 
Yt  fareth,  by  a  synful  man, 
(Who  so  vnderstonde  kan,) 
As  by  A  Pot  (in  sothfastnesse) 
That  ys  ful  of  vnclennesse, 
Verray  stynkyng  &  horryble, 
And  to  smelle  ful  odyble, 
Wych  may  nat  wel  devoyded  be, 
fFor-as-myche  (as  ye  wel  se) 
The  fylthe  ys  hardyd  so  w/t7i-Inne, 
That  yt  wyl  not  lyhtly  twy/zne, — 
Off  old  gadryng  ful  indurat, 
And  in  maner  obstynat, — 
To  be  made  clene  in  any  wyse. 
But  than  anoon  I  kan  devyse 
Myn  liamer  myghtly  tavale,^ 
And  breke  the  pot  in  pecys  smale ; 
And  on  the  felthe  to  be  wreke ; 
On  smale  sherdys  I  it  breke. 

'  And  fyrst  off  alle  I  begynne 
To  drawe  the  felthe  hyd  w^t7<-Inne 
Out,  to  make  yt  shede  a-brood, 
Wych  w^■t7^Inne  so  long  a-bood, 
And  al  the  ordure  ek  w«"t7i-al. 
And  yiff  I  broke  yt  nat  so  smal 
On  pecys  vp-on  euery  syde, 
The  fylthe  w^t7l-Inne  wolde  abyde. 
And  mor  &  mor  ay  wexyn  hard. 

'l^ovf  vnderstond,  &  hath  reward 
To  thys  doctryne  &  thys  lesson) 
Touchyng  verray  contryciou??, 
Ye  that  desyre  of  herte  &  thouht 


4148 


[c.  &st.]  4152 


4156 


4160 


[Stowe,  leaf  78] 


[1  to  avale,  let  fall] 


4164 


4168 


4172 


4176 


4180 


4184 


Folk  must  repent  rvith  Sohbing  and  salt  Tears.      Ill 


4196 


[1  sercbyd  St.] 


'To  lerne  yt,  &  for-gete  yt  nouht.  4188 

Thynketh,  ye  folkys  that  be  wyse, 
That  yt  doth  nat  ynowh  suifyse 
A  man,  in  Groos  (as  ye  shal  lere,) 

To  gadre  hys  sy?mes  ali  yffere ;  4192 

But,  lyk  the  pot,  he  most  he?ii  breke,    [stowe,  leaf-s,  bacU] 
And  no  thyng  in  the  asshes  reke. 
I  mene  as  thus  :  conceyveth  al, 
Thogh  that  a  pot  be  broke  smal 
On  sherdys  &  on  pecys  ek, 
Yet  al  yt  ys  nat  worth  a  lek, 
But  eue?y  sherd  be  cerchyd^  wel 
Touchynge  hys  ordure  euerydel, 
And  yscrapyd  clene  a-way, 
Ye  mot  hem  breke  in  gret  affray, 
That  felthe  noon  ther-in  abyde  ; 
fifor  wych  ye  moste  wel  p?'Ovyde 
"\'V^'t^  sobbynge  &  with  syhes  depe 
And  salte  terys  that  ye  wepe. 
And  other  peynys  sharpe  &  sraerte  ; 
Thynkynge  thus  v^ith-lnne  your  herte  ; 
'  Thow  dyst  offende  on  swych  a  day. 
Where  yt  Sonday  or  Monday ; 
Than  dystow  thylke  grete  synne  ; 
And  swych  an  hour  thow  dyst  begywne, 
Havyng  off  God  no  dred  nor  fere, 
Thys  was  gret ;  that  was  grettere. 
And  thns  thow  dyst,  thylke  tyme, 
Wher  yt  at  Eve,  wher  yt  at  pryme, 
And  to  don  evel,  were-  offte  blythe. 
And  that  thow  dyst  so  offte  sythe. 
And  rekne  by  &  by  yflfere 
The  cyrcuH?stau«cys  &  the  manere  ; 
Torne  &  cast  ek,  vp  so  dou??, 
Wher  that  thy  TemptaciouM 
"Was  gret  or  smal ;  acou?«te  al  thys. 
And  thynke^  whan  thow  dyst  amys,  [nhynk-e  st,  tiiynk  c] 
Yiff  a-forn  thy  great  offence  [C.  &st.]  4225 

Thow  madest  any  resystence,  „ 

And  wher  thow  wrastlyst  any  thyng  „ 


you  wise 
ones, 


4200 


4204 


4208 


4212 


4216 

['  were  St.,  wher  C] 


4220 


[Stowe,  leaf  79] 


tliat  it  is  not 
enough  to 
gather  your 
sins  to^etlier 
and  break 
tliem  like  tlie 
pot. 


but  that  each 
sin  must  be 
repented  of, 


and  the  cir- 
cumstances 
of  it  called  to 
mind. 


[leaf  6t,  back] 


and  whether 
vou  resisted 
it. 


112        Penance  smashes  all  Sins  with  her  Hamnier. 


Also  whether 
for  shame 
you  ab- 
stained, 


or  left  shame 
till  you  had 
satisfied  your 
desires. 


In  this  way  I 
break  the 
vessel  of  your 
sins, 


till  all  are 
purged  by 
contrition. 

[leaf  6-.] 
[Cap.  Iv] 


In  this  pot  is 
engendered 
secretly  a 
worm. 


*  To  ■wzt/^-stondeu  ill  Averkyng  [c.  &st.]  4228 

Thy  temptaciou?«,  gret  or  smal ; 

Or  wher  tliow  (in  especyal) 

In  thy  wrastlyng  dist  purchace 

Thy  temptaciou?*  to  enchace ;  4232 

Or  wher  that  thow,  for  shame  or  drede, 

Lettyst  for  to  do  the^  dede  ;  ['  tiiat  St.] 

Or  wher  thow  settest  drede  asyde, 

And  on  the  dede  dist  abyde  4236 

Tyl  thow  haddest  do  thy  hist, 

And  after  that  lefftyst  the  rust 

To  kankren  in  thy  conscience, 

In  aggreggyng  of  thyn  offence  :  4240 

Al  thys  mote  be  of  due  ryht 

Consydred  wel  off  euery  whyht. 

'  And  thys  the  mane/*  (who  loke  ^Ye],) 
To  breke  in- pecys  eue^ydel  [^onst.]  4244 

The  vessell  off  thy  gret  offence 
"Wj't/i-Inne  thy^  owne  conscience  :  [3  thyn  St.] 

Smyt  yt  ■\v{t/^  the  hamer  sore, 

Tyl  yt  on  pecys  mor  &  more  4248 

Be  mad  by  pleyn  contricion), 
By  swj^ch  consj^deracion) 
That  ther  abyde  fylthe  noon. 

'  And  thus  I  werke  ahvay  in  on,*  [*oonst.]  4252 

W^■t^  thys  hamer  that  I  holde,      [stowe,  leaf  79,  back] 
Al  vnclennesse  to  vnfolde  ; 

I^  breke  al  douw,  &  spare  nouht  [^  And  St.] 

Off  no  thyng  that  ys  done  or  tliouht,  4256 

Tyl  that  trewe  purgac'iou?* 
Be  makyd  by  contriciou?i. 

*  But  yet  a  lytel  word,  I  praye 
That  I  mot  vn-to  yow  seye,  4260 

Off  tliys  olde  pot  texpresse, 
AYych  ay  ys  ful  of  vnclennesse, 
Off  whos  ordure,  gadyrd  off  old, 

AV/t/(-Inne  yt  sylff,  as  I  ha  told,  4264 

Engendryd  ys  a  -werm  (in  soth,) 
"Wych  ful  gretl'*^  damage  doth  [<;  grete  St.,  gret  C] 

By  long  processe,  yiff  yt  abyde. 


PcnoAice  hrnlcs  Conscience  in  hits  hy  Contrition. 


113 


'  ffor  tliys  worni),  hy?«-s3'lff  doth  hydo  4268 

Wit/<-Iniie  tliys  pot  ful  couertly, 
That  ijo  man  may  wel  espy 
Off  hys  engeudryng,  fer  iior  ner  ; 

Xor  of  hys  iiorysshyug  the  maner.  4272 

Thys,  the  werm  of  conscience, 
Wych  hath  hys  teht^  by  vyolence  [' toUic  St.] 

Hardere  {who  that  looke  wel,) 

Than  outher  Iron  outher  stel;  4276 

Wonder  cruel,  ay  fretynge, 
And  ryht  perillous  in  percynge, 
So  fer  forth  (yt  ys  no  drede,) 

But  he  be  slayn  in  verray  dede,  4280 

Thys  mortal  werm  wyl  neue?*e  fyne, 
V|>on  hys  mayster  for  to  myne, 
And  gnawe  vp-on  hywi  day  &  nylit,     [stowe,  leafso] 
Tyl  he  ha  slay  hym  thorgh  hys  myght,  4284 

Thorgh  hys  dredful  vyolence. 
'  But  for  to  make  rusistence, 
Ageyn  tliys  werm,  hym  to  w/t/i-stand, 
1  ber  thys-  hamer  in  myii  hand,  [^anst.]  4288 

And  smyte  a-pon  hy»i  ay  so  sore, 
And  spare  hy»i  nat,  but  mor  &  more 
I  ley  vpon  \\ym,  to  be  wroke. 

And  thys  ys  wha??.  the  pot  ys  broke  4292 

On  pecys  smale,  vp  &  dou«. 
By  verray  trewe  contriclOu?^. 
ffor  yiff  yt  wer  nat  broke  aright,  [c.  &  St.] 

Myn  hamer  sholde  ha  no  myght :  „ 

Thys  the  Fyn,  shortly  to  seyc,  „ 

To  slen  \\ym  nor^  to  make  hjm  deye.  pstowe] 

Wherfor  ye  moste^  suffre  Avel     [*ye  muste  st., . .  most  c 
That  I  breke  \\jm  euerydel 
On  pecys  smale,  the  werm  to  presse, 
Tavoyde  away  al  vnclennesse. 
And  on  thys  werm,  {yiff  ye  lyst  se,) 
Thus  I  slial  avengyd  be ; 

Make  hym  lowly  to  obeye,^         \?  to  beye  c,  tobeye  St.] 
That  he  of  verray  force  deye 
To-for  yow  in  your  owne  syht. 

PILGRIMAGE. 


which  is 
called  Con- 
science. 


4296 


] 
4300 


4304 


It  must  be 
slaiu,  oi'  it 
will  never 
cease  to  prey 
ui>on  its 
master. 


To  kill  it,  I 
lay  upon  it 
with  my 
hammer. 


[leaf  65,  back] 


It  must  be 
broken  in 
pieces. 


and  it  must 
die. 


114 


Penance  ex'plains  what  her  Besom  is. 


My  hammer 
is  Contrition. 


[Cap.  Ivi] 


You  may 
now  learn 
concern ing 
my  Besom, 


ami  wliy  I 
bear  it  in  mj' 
mouth. 


[leafGG] 

Care  is  re- 
quired in  its 
use. 


lest  filth  be 
left  here  and 
there. 


'  And  thus,  yiff  ye  take  hede  a-ryht,  4308 

Tliys  tlie  sygnyfycaciou?* 

And  verray  exposiciou/? 

Off  tliys  hamer  that  ye  her  se  ; 

The  wych  ys  namyd,  ek  off  me,  4312 

(Trevvly,  in  conchisyoun,)  [stowe,  leafso,  baci<] 

ISTat  ellys  but  contryciou?*. 

'  Swynge  vp-on,  yiff  ye  lyst  lere, 
Off  the  l)ysme  ye  shall  here,  4316 

Wych,  niyd  my  teth,i  day  by  day,  [iTetiiest.] 

Wft/<-Inne  my  mouth  I  here  alway, 
As  I  toforn  ha  told  yow  here  ; 

And  how  I  am  the  Chau?/iberere  4320 

Off  hy??i  that  ys  most  myghty  kyng. 
And  thys  bysme  ys  wel  syttyng 
To  hyre  that  ys  a  chau??iberere. 

But  yt  may  happe,  the  manere  4324 

Ys  vn-to  yow  a  thyng  vnkouth, 
Tliat  I  yt  holde  thus  in  my  mouth. 
But  yiff  I  made  mencyou?^ 

Off  the  Exposyc'iou??,  4328 

Ye  knowe  wel,  (yt  ys  no  doute,) 
That  who  that^  ewcre  shal  caste?«  oute  ["  so  St.] 

Any  f  el  the  or  vnclennesse, 

Out  off  a  place,  he  most  dresse  4332 

The  bysme  wysly  to  and  fro. 
That  he  nat  be-syde  go  ; 
But  that  he  liaue  ay  in  mynde. 

That  felthe  noon  be  lefl'te  be-hynde,  433G 

Lyst,  in  the  purgaciou/i. 
Men  myghten  han  suspecyou/i' 
That  any  mane/'  vnclennesse, — 

Thorgh  sloutlie  or  foryetylnesse, —  4340 

Wer  lefft  be-syden,  her  or  ther. 
In  any  Angle  or  Corner, 

ffor  the  bysme  was  nat  redy  [stowe,  leatsi] 

To  swepe  clene  by  <fe  by.  4344 

Ifor,  by  swych  occasiou??, 
Ther  myghte,  of  felthe  gret  foisou« 
Be  couert,  as  yt  happeth  off'te, 


Penance's  Accmmt  of  the  Five  Gates :   one  of  Filth. 


115 


I  h;ue  ie;icl 
of  divers 
Gates, 


On  liepys  reysyd  hih  a-loffte  4348      Penance. 

In  soni  Anole,  Est  or  "West,  or  be  covered 

•^  in  lieaps  in 

The  Avych  thyn"  wev  nat  honest.  hnies  and 

'■'  u     o  corners. 

'  And  to  pui|X)S  off  thys  inatere, 
In  holy  wryt,  (as  ye  shal  here,)  4352 

I  have  y-rad  ful  yore  Agon) 
Off  dyvers  gatys  mo  than  on, 
And  sondry  namys,  (who  taketh  hede) 
They  hadde  sotlily  as  I  rede,  435G 

Gaate^  off  the  Avelle,  men  dyde  on)  calle;      Poi-tafontis 
And  a-nother,  A-mong  alle,  ['  Gaate  St.,  Graate  c] 

As  the  byble  kan  yow  telle, 

Namyd  was  the  gate  of  helle.  Porta  inferni  4360 

And  A-nother  I  kan  nevene, 
Callyd  was  the  Gate  off  hevene  ;  Porta  ceii 

And  a-nother  gate  ther  was, 

That  was  callyd  the  gate  off  bras,  43G4 

And  also  ek,  to  laste  long, 

Ther  was  a  gate  of  Ireu  strong.  Porta  tenea 

But  A-mong  he?n  euerychon 

Neeraye  speketh  of  on,  4368 

And  callyd  ys  in  scripture 
The  gate  off  felthe  &  ordure, 
To  voyden^  (In  conclus'iou«) 
Alle  the  fylthes  of  the  Toun  ; 
Out  by  that  gate,  day  be  day, 
Alle  the  donge  to  lede  away. 
That  no  maner  corupcyou^i' 
Nengendre  nat  witA-Inne  the  Town.  4376 

And  bet  yt  ys,  as  thynketh  me. 
That  thylke  place  defoulyd  be. 
Than  al  the  cyte  Aver  encou»ibryd 

Wyth  ffylthes,  wych  may  nat  be  "nou/z/bryd  4380 

Wych  euery  day  enciesse  off'  newc, 
And  mor  &  mor  ay  do  renewe, 

'  But  wher  that  I  am  chau?uberere,  Where  i  Uve 

And  abyde,  (as  ye  shal  lere,)  4384 

ffor  to  do  my  besynesse. 


[C.  &  St.]        Porta  Sterquiliiiij 


4372 

[Stowe,  leaf  SI,  back] 


as  the  gate 
of  liell  and 
tlie  Kate  of 
heaven. 


one  of  brass, 
anotlier  of 
iron : 


and  one  called 
by  Nelieniiali 
the  Gate  of 
Filth, 
[leaf  66,  back] 


ont  of  which 
was  carried 
all  that  could 
corrupt  the 
town. 


-  '  For  ther-bi  men  cureu  aud  pntten  out  alle  filthes.  '- 
35. 


-Camb. 


116    Tlie  Five  Gates  which  let  Filth  into  Man.    The  &h  Gate. 


tliere  are  six 
giites. 


bv  five  of 
wliicli  nil 
kiii.lsof  filth 
are  uduiitteil; 


tlint  is  hy 

1.  smelling, 

2.  hearing, 

3.  touch, 

4.  taste, 


[1  syxO] 


and  the  sixth 
is  kept  by  me, 
[Cap.  Ivii, 
prose.] 
[leaf  G7] 


and  out  of  it 
I  Kwei.p  all 
corruption. 


This  Sixth 
Gate  is  man's 
Mouth, 

whence  all 
tilth  goes  ill 
uonlession. 


4388 


4392 


[3  fiirst  St.] 


4396 


4400 


And  Grace  Dien  ys  ek  maystressp, 
Tliat  tlier  be  .vj.^  Gatys  large, 
Wyeh  to  kepe,  ys  a  gret  charge, 
As  I  shal  to  yow  .descry tie. 

'  And  off  thys  syxc,  tlier  be  fyve 
By  wycli  al  mane?-  vnclennesse, 
ffylthe,  ordure,  and  wrechchydnesse 
Entreth  in,  erly  &  late. 
Off  wycli  fyve,  the  fyrste-  gate 
Ys  callyd  the  gate  off  smellyng, 
The  tother  the  gate  off  heryng. 
The  tother  of  Touch,  the  fourthe  of  tast, 
The  ffyffthe  (wych  I  rekne  last,) 
Callyd  ys  the  gate  off  syht. 
And  by  thys  fyve,  day  &  nyht, 
Entreth  in-to  that  mansiou?* 
Al  felthe  &  al  corrupcyou?^ 

And  al  ordure  (yt  ys  no  doute),  [stowe,  ieaffi2] 

The  wych''^  may  nat  conie?i  oute  [•'' whiehe St.,  wych c]  4404 
Ageyn  by  hym"*  in  no  nianere,  [*hemst.] 

And  therfore,  As  a  chau»djerere, 
The  syxte  gate  I  stonde  &  kepe, 

And  with  my  bysme  faste  swepe,  4408 

Do  my  peyne  &  besynesse 
Tavoyde  away  al  vnclennesse. 

'  ffor  thys  syxte  gate,  in  soth, 
Gret  helthe  &  gret  profyt  doth  ;  4412 

ffor  yt  maketh  purgaciou?i 
Off  al  mauer  corrupcioun ; 
And  al  fylthes  round  aboute, 

P>y  that  gate  men  putten  oute.  4116 

Who  that  wyl  with-lnne  be 
Clene  off  al  dishoneste. 
To  purge  hym  clene,  as  he  best  kan. 
Thys  gate  ys  callyd  '  the  mouth  olf  man,'  4420 

Most  profytaVjle  off  eut^yychoiD, 
for  alle  fylthes  ther-out  gon, 
Eveiie  as  they  wer  done  in  dedc ; 

No  thyng  coucelyd  for  no  drede,  4424 

But  seyd  vn-to  hys  confessour. 


[II,  om.  St.]    4428    Af  this  gate 
1  abide  to 
make  it  lair 


4432 


[Stowe,  leaf  8i,  back] 


443G 


[Cap.  IviiiJ 


While  I  h..ia 
my  office  I 
wiil  keep  all 
clean. 


The  Besom 
with  which  I 
4440     do  all  this  is 
my  Tongue. 


4444 


Qth  Gate,  Mali's  Mouth.    Penances  Tongue  is  her  Besom.    117 

With  dj'llygence  &  gret  labour,  Pnmnce. 

ViiUi  terys  and  lamentaciouw. 
'  And  1 1  ha  most  affecioura, 
At  thys  gate  to  abyde ; 
To  make  yt  fayr  on  euery  syde, 
I  purge,  I  swepe,  I  make  yt  cleue, 
fPor  fyltbe  noon)  I  may  sustene 

Ther  tabyde,  in  no  manere. 

And  whyl  that  I  am  chau??iberere 

To  Grace  Dieu,  my  maystresse, 

I  wyl  kepen  in  clennesse 

Hir  dwellyng  &  hyr  mansiouw 

ffroni  al  manere  corrupcionre. 

And  my  bysme,  that  al  thys  doth, 

Ys  myn  owne  Tonge,  in  soth, 

"Wher-with  1  swepe  &  make  al  wel. 

That  felthe  abyde  neueradel, 

Hih  nor  lowh,  in  no  maner, 

I  cerche  eche  Angle  &  ech  corner ; 

Eue?y  hoole,  gret  &  sraal, 

I  remewe,  in  especial, 

Clene  wft^-outen  &  wzt7;.-Inne, 

The  fylthe  of  eue/-y  maner  synne  ; 

Caste  hem  out,  &  spare  nouht. 

And  ther  ys  no  corner  vnsouht. 

But  that  I  go  to  euery  place ; 
Now  her,  now  ther,  aboute  I  trace, 
By  verray  pleyn  confessioure, 
Wz't/i-oute  fraude  or  decepc'iou??, 
Ther  may  no  tliyng  me  skape  fro, 
ffor  Grace  Dieu  wyl  yt  be  so. 
ffor  she  ne  wyl  no-wher  abyde. 
But  yt  be  clene  on  euery  syde ; 
Whos  chau?Hbre  &  whos  mansioun, 
Dwellyng,  &  habytaciou?i 
Ys  trewly,  (wM-oute  offence,) 
Verray  clene  conscience ; 
And  ther  she  wyl  abyden  ay, 
AVhan  aH  fythes  be  put  a-way. 
And  that  yt  be  clene  &  entere. 


[leaf  67,  back] 


[C.  &  St.] 
[St.  &  C] 


Nothing  can 
escape  my 
vigilance  in 
Confession. 


4448 


4452 


445  G 


4460  The  dwelling 
of  Grace  Dieu 
is  Conscience. 


[Stowe,  leaf  83]    4464 


118     Penances  Rods  for  her  Children  young  and  old. 


Pf  nance. 

[Cap.  lix, 
pruse] 
Now  I  have 
told  you  all 
tlie  manner 
of  using  my 
besom ; 


I  will  tell  you 
wliy  I  carry 
tliene  small 
Rods. 


.As  a  scliool- 
mi  stress  I 
fliastise 
cliiUlreu  wlio 
do  wronj,', 

[leaf  68] 


whether  they 
be  20  or  1(10 
years  old. 


[1  that  I  St.]    4468 


4472 


When  they 
do  amiss,  I 
lie  in  wait  for 
them. 


and  make 
them  repent, 


'  ISTow,  haue  I  tokl  yow  tlie  maner 
Off  my  hysmc  verrayly, 
And  declaryd  also,  how  I^ 
Make  ther-w?'t7/  confessyoujz 
By  certeyn  exposicioujz 
As  ye  han  herd  her  by  &  by. 

'  But  I  shal  telle  now  shortly 
Vn-to  yow  a  lytel  tale, 
Why  I  here  thys  yerdys  smale  : 
H  I  am  off  scolys  a  inaystresse, 

Cliyldren,  in  ther  wantownesse,  "  4476 

Affter  ther  gyltys  to  chastyse. 
That  wyl  not  lerne  to  be  wysc ; 
I  mone  thus,  whan  they  trespace 

Boldely,  a-for  my  face,  4480 

Off  age  tliogh  they  be  xx*''  ycr. 
Gather  an  hundryd,  fer  or  ner, 
]\Ien  may  ful  wel  hem  '  childre '  calle, 
ffolk  that  ben  tn  synne  falle  :  4484 

And  hooly  wryt, — Red  Y-saye, 
In  hys  wrytynge, — doth  specefye  (ixv.  m 

A  chyld  an  hundryd  wynter  old, — 

(In  hys  wrytyng  yt  ys  told,)  4488 

Swych  a  chyld  a-cursyd  ys  ; — 

And  therfore,  wha?i  they  don)  Amys, 

In  a-wayt  y  lygge  alway 

To  wyten  whether,  ye  or  nay,  4492 

Myii  hamer  Ixem  touchyd  any  thyng, 

Or  whether  they,  in  ther  purgyng, 

Vn-to  my  bysme  submyttyd  be,      [stowc,  le^fss,  ba*;k] 

Off  lownesse  and  humylyte,  4496 

That  they  be  swept  clenly  at-  al, 

And  that  the  hamer  breke  smal 

ffyrst  by  trewe  contricyou/i 

And  verray  iuste  co?^fess]ou??.  4500 

Thanne  A-noon  my?i  yerde  I  take  ; 

And  aiuendys  for  to  make 

By  rcpentau«ce,  in  diners  wyse, 

Wit//  my  yerde  I  ham  chastyse,  4504 

Putte  he?>i  to  penau?icc  of  cntent 


Penance  malces  Folk  (jo  Pilgrimages,  fast,  and  pray.        119 


4516 

['  sothenesse  St.,  sotlinesse  C] 
[C.  &  .St.] 

-    4520 


'  To  brynge  hem  to  amendement, 

And  to  haue  iu  r6me?Hbrau?tce 

Ther  olde  sy?inys  in  substau??ce  ; 

And  whan  they  thynke  on  ther  trespas 

ii'ul  off te  sythe  to  seyn  '  alias, 

That  they  so  sone  dyde  assente  ! ' 

And  than  they  seyn,  '  I  me  repente, 

0,  Lord  God,  of  my  mysdede. 

Off  al  fals  lust  &  flesshlyhede. 

But  thow  that  art  my  Creatour, 

I  am  A-knowe  my?^  errour. 

And  axe  off  th6  forgyff(e)nesse, 

Makyng  be-hest  iu  sothenesse^ 

Neuer  her-after  for  to  be 

Hardy  for  toffende  the.' 

Thus  I  make  he?«,  viiih  gret  peyne, 

Oon  hour  to  wepyn  &  co;»pleyne ; 
Another  hour,  by  largesse, 
tfor  to  geven  gret  almesse 
To  pore  folk  that  b6  nedy. 

'Another 2  tymc  also  I     [stowe, kafsi] 
Make  hem  go  on  pylgrymage, 
Barfoot,  by  many  streiht  passage  ; 
I  make  he^i  faste,^  preye,  &  wake,   \?  laste  St.,  fast  c] 
And  to  were  (for  Crystys  sake,) 
On  ther  bodyes  ful  offte 
Sharpii  heyres,  no  thyng  soffte. 
And  thus  my  smerte*  yerde  I  vse, 
Alle  synnes  to  refuse. 
And  do  wet/i-al  correcciou/?, 
Only  off  entenciouM, 
That  the  remors  of  noon  offence 
Abyde  in  ther  conscience, 
Nor  retourne  ther  ageyn. 
ffor  I  wyl  be  wel  certeyu 
That  olde  synnes^  punysshed  be 
Off  Eyghtwysnesse  &  equyte ; 
ffor,  w^■t/^-oute  punycyouw, 
Passeth  no  transgressiou/i ; 
ffor,  who  to  synne  doth  assente, 


4508 


4512 


4524 


[-  And  another  St.] 


4528 


4532 

[•*  smerte  St.,  sineit  C] 


4536 


and  confess 
to  God, 


and  ask  of 
Him  forgive- 
ness. 

[leaf  68,  back] 


Tims  I  make 
them  to  give 
alms, 


go  on  pil- 
grimage, 


fast,  and 
pray. 


Thus  I  use 
my  Rod. 


[5  syime  St.] 


4540 


4544 


Thus  old 
sins  receive 
righteous 
punishment. 


120 


Penance  is  the  Portress  of  Rightcotisncss. 


All  wlio  sin 
iiiuBt  reiieiit. 


The  Hod  I 
UHe  ia  iiiiiiied 
SatiHlacUuii. 


[leaf  69] 


[Cap.  Ix, 
prose.] 
Thus  I  have 
raiule  you  :i 
sei  inon  of  uiy 
name  and 
office, 


and  of  my 
coming  lie- 
tween  you 
and  Moses. 


Kiijhleoiis- 
ness  niiule  me 
Porteress, 


that  none 
should  ap- 
pioaeh  with- 
out me. 


'  Moste  affter-wavd  \\ym  repente  ; 

And  have  due  r^'pcntau^ice 

And  vnderfongyn  liys  penauwce  4548 

ffor  liys  sywnes  newe  &  old. 

And  tlier-fore,  tliys  yerde  I  liolde, 

Wych  namyd  ys  (of  iuste  resou??,) 

Trewe  satysfaccyoiw?.  4552 

'  And  sotlily,  (yilf  I  shal  nat  feyne,) 
Satysfaccyouw  ys  to  seyne, 
Asseth  that  ys  mad  for  synne, 

And  that  a  man  haue  wiili-lwna  4556 

As  myche  sorwe  &  repentau?^ce,      [stowc,  leifsi,  ij!u:k] 
As  he  hadde  fyrst  plesau?ice, 
Lyk  to  hys  llesshly  appetyt, 

Or  in  hys  synne  fals  delyt.  4560 

Off  equyte  &  good  resoim. 

'  Now  haue  I  made  yow  A  sarniou/* 
Off  my  name  &  my?t  offys, 

And  told  the  cause  (yiff  ye  be  wys,)  4564 

Off  my  komyng  A-mong  thys  pres, 
A-twyxe  yow  &  Moyses, 
And  sette  me  ek  (yt  ys  no  fable,) 
Evene  Aforn)  hys  owne  table,  4568 

In  myn  entent,  &  thys  the  cheff, 
Be  cause  ye  Axen  the  releff 
Off  hys  dyner,  on  &  alia 

And  ther-affter  faste  calle,  '  4572 

"\V^t//.  wonderful  gret  bysynesse. 

'  But  vn-to  yow  I  shal  expresse 
The  cause  off  my  stondyng  here 

Yiff  yt  lyke  yow  to  lere.  4576 

I  am  my-sylff  the  porteresse, 
(Maad  off  verray  Ryghtwysnesse,) 
Off  the  releff  that  ye  sen  her, 

And  the  trewe  chau?«celer,  4580 

That  noon  of  hih  nor  lowh  degre, 
Kome  no  ner  w^t/^-oute  me, 
ffor  thannc  ye  dyde  gret  offence. 

ffor  thys  releff",  in  existence  4584 

Shulde  be  yove  for  no  thyng 


TJw  Sacrament  of  Bread  a7ul    Wine,  Christ's  Flesh.         121 


[C.  &,  St.] 


[1  Stowe] 


'  To  swyche  as  ben  in  ther  lyvyng, 

ffoolys  nor  trwau?itys  in  no  wyse ; 

ffor,  as  I  shal  to  yow  devyse,  [stowe,  icafssj  4588 

Thys  rcleff  ys  the  trewe  ffoode, 

Ordeyned  for  he7n  tliat  be  goode  ; 

Inwardly  in  ther  hertys  brent, 

And  in  the  lone  off  God  fervent, 

To  liooly  pylgrymcs,  day  be  day 

That  gon  the  verray  ryhte  way. 

And  off  verray  travayllynge 

Ben  also  syk  &  languysshynge. 

And  ^  hunger  han  to  be  recuryd. 

To^  swych  thys  releff  ys  assuryd,  ,, 

That  kan  yt^  hetyn  deuoutly,  „ 

To  resseyue^  only  ther-by  ,, 

Parfyt  Elthe  in  ther  entent, 

And  gostly  ek  allegenient, 

And-  contynue  ther  pylgrymage,  pxost.] 

Day  be  day,  in  ther  vyage, 

As  pylgrymes  sholde  ko?ine, 

The  weye^  wych  they  ha  be  gowne,       [^  weye  St.,  wey 

Off  trewe  menyng,  no-thyng  feyned  : 

To  swych  thys  releff  was  ordeyned 

Off  Cryst  Ihe^'u  at  the  sou  per 

Whan  hys  Apostlys  sat  ful  ner. 

He  brak  &  party d  yt  to  ech  on, 

Wher  as  they  setyn  on  by  on, 

The  Grete  Thursday  at  hys  mau/^dii, 

Off  hys  largesse  &  gret  boufttee, 

Whan  he  sat  wz't/i  hem  at  tlie  cene, 

Gostly  to  swych  as  he  knewe  clene. 

To  swych,  he  gaff  hem  alderlast 

Hys  owne  boody  for  cheff  repast, 

As  the  cheff  cherysshynge  foode     [stowe,  leaf  83,  back] 

To  alle  folkys  that  be  goode. 

'  And  peplys  off  hih  &  lowh  degre 
Thorgh-out  the  world  sustenyd  be, 
And  therby  han  ther  sustenau?ice, 
In  al  vertu  hem-sylti'  tavau?jce. 
The  wyche  I  kepe  ful  streihtly 


Penance 

Tlie  Sacra- 
mental I'ooJ 
is  ordained 
for  the  good. 


4592     [leafGO.back] 


459G 
4G00 
4604 

C] 

4G08 
4612 
4616 
4620 
4G24 


and  for  tliose 
who  limifier 
and  tliirst 
after  Right- 
eousness. 


It  was  given 
Ijy  Christ 
at  the  Last 
Supper, 


when  He  sat 
with  His  dis- 
ciples. 


He  gave  it  to 
all  good  men. 


122 


Penance  ends.     Charity  tells  vjho  she  is. 


[leaf  70] 
No  man  re- 
ceives it  until 
lie  has  been 
chastised  ami 
pui'itied. 


Let  youn:? 
and  old  do  as 
I  command.' 


[Cap.  Ixi, 
prose.] 


Then  the 
otlier  lady, 
Charity, 
stood  forth, 
and  said : 


Charity. 

'  You  have 
lieard  Pen- 
ance ilescribe 
her  office, 


and  now  I 
hope  you  will 
hear  me. 


[1  Stowe]    4628 
[2  yerde  St.,  yerd  C] 


4632 


[3yt  St.,-))/!.  C] 


My  joy  has 
ever  been  to 
prosper  all 
men, 


'  In  myn  entent,  that  fynally 
Yt  be  nat  touchyd  of  no  whylit, 
But  he  to-forn  (as  yt  ys  right,^) 
Be  ^Yiih  my  yerdii^  fyrst  chastysed, 
And  also  (as  I  ha  devysed,) 
Wit/(  myw  hanier  broke  a-two, 
And  yvith  my  bysme  swej)!  also  ; 
That  he  be  purgyd  al  aboute, 
Bothe  wit/i-Innen  &  w/tA-outc  : 
Lat  euery  man  be  war  &  Avys 
To  werkyn  affter  my  devys, 
Whether  that  he  be  yong  or  old.' 

And  whan  thys  lady  hadde  al  told, 
And  yt^  declaryd  (al  yfere) 
Off  hyr  offyce  the  manere, 
U  The  tother  lady  that  stood  hyr  by, 
Gan  presse  forth,  &  was  redy 
(Lych  as  ye  slial  vnderstond,) 
Wzt/(  the  scrypture  in  hj'r  hond, 
Off  the  wycli  to-forn)  I  tolde ; 
And  hyr  lettre  she  gan  vnfolde, 
And  in  opyn  audyence 
Thus  she  seyde  in  sentence. 

'  Syrs,'  q?<0'i  she,  '  yiff  ye  lyst  lere,       [Stowe,  leaf  86] 
Ye  han  herd  al  the  manere 
How  thys  lady.  Dame  Penau?«ce, 
Hath  declaryd  in  substau/^ce 
To  yow  hyr  oft'yce  by  it  by. 
And,  by  your  leue,  now  wyl  I, — 
In  hope  I  may  your  thank  dysseruc, — 
Declare  wher-off  that  I  serue, 
Oft'  myn  offyce  &  my  degre. 

'  I  wyl  ye  wyte,  that  I  am  she 
That  neut^re  hadde  yet  delyt 
To  haue  no  persone  in  despyt, 
Hih  nor  lowh,  in  no  degre  ; 
ffor  al  my  loye,  wherso  I  be, 
As  fer  forth  as  I  ha  myght, 
Ys  to  fortliren  eu^ry  wyht. 
And  ncue/'c  yet,  for  no  grcuaujjcc. 


4636 


4640 


4644 


4648 


4652 


4656 


4660 


4664 


Charity  feels  for  all  Foil-,  and  (jives  to  the  Poor. 


123 


'  On  no  man  I  took  vengaunce.  [stowe] 

Myn  Eneniyes  also  I  fforbere ;  „ 

And  myn  Entent  ys  nat  to  clere  [st.  &c.]  4668 

To  no  pe?-sone  nor  to  no  man,  „ 

As  fer  forth  as  euere  I  kan.  ,,        ^, 

I  am  modre  off  al  vertue  ;  „ 

And  I  am  she  (as  yt  ys  due,)  „        4G72 

That  clothe  folk  Tvych  nakyd  be  ;  „ 

And  of  mercy  &  of  ^  pyte  [i  of  St.,  om.  c.i 

I  made  Seyn  Martyn,  yore  agon, 

(Al-be  that  he  hadde  but  on,)  4676 

Hys  mantel  to  kntte  A  tweyne, 
And  dyde  al  hys  bysy  peyne 
To  clothe  the  poore,  ■\vych  nalcyd  stood 
Myd  off  the  gate,  devoyde  of  good.  4680 

I  am  noryce  of  al  nedy,  [stowe,  leaf  so,  back] 

And  I  he^ber^ye  comonrely 
Al  pylgrymes  in  ther  nede  ; 

And  I  am  she  (yt  ys  no  drede,)  4684 

That  ffele  as  mycbe  harm  in  me 
Off  other  folkys  aduersyte, 
As  they  hem-sylff  that  yt*  endure. 
And  al2  my  goodys  (I  ensure,)  [^aiiest.]  4688 

Be  comou?i  vnto  euery  whyht, 
Whan  they  ha  nede,  as  yt  ys  ryht. 
'  Seyn  Poul  sayd  ek,  in  hys  wrytyng, 

Off  vertu  he  hadde  no  thyng,  4692 

"\V2t7;-oute  that  he  hadde  me  ;  (i  Cor.  xiu.  i— 3) 

And  that  he  myghte  in  no  degre 

Wzt/(-oute  me  do  no  good  dede. 

And  trew(e)ly  (who  taketh  hede,)  4696 

No  good^  dede  nor  good^  eutent  PgoodeSt.j 

Ys  worth,  but  yiff  I  be  present. 

Among  estatys  hih  nor  lowe. 

'And  yiff  ye  lyst  my  name  knowe,  4700 

I  am  callyd  dame  Charyte, 

That  hau'e  al  folk  in  cherte.'^  [+chert«  st.,  ceicec.i 

1  Camb.  MS.  reads :  I  am  .  .  .  Thilke  that  louetli  alle  folk 
with  liol  herte,  with-oute  yuel  wil ;  thilke  that  seecheth  no 
vengeauuce,  ne  neither  showveth  ne  smyteth  ;  thilke  that  hath 
set  hire  entente  to  forbere  hire  enemyes,  pp.  3G,  37. 


[leaf  70,  back] 
Charity. 

and  love  all , 
men. 


I  made  St. 
Martin  cut 
his  mantle 


to  clothe  the 
naked. 


I  shelter  the 
homeless, 


and  feel  the 
adversities 
of  others. 


and  divide 
my  goods 
among  the 
poor. 


St.  Panl 
could  do  no 
good  deed 
without  me. 


My  name  is 
Charity. 


124     Charity  visits  the  >Sick,  and  mahcs  Folk  thinlc  of  Christ. 


Charitii, 

I  clierisli  tlie 
despised, 
feed  the 
liuiigry, 


and  visit  the 
sick. 


I  romfdrt  the 
distressed, 


speak  well  of 
ail  men. 


[Cap.  Ixii] 


and  remind 
tlieni  ot  the 
mercy  of 
Clirist, 


who  humbled 
Himself 


Deaf  71,  back] 
to  suffer  and 
die  upon  the 
cross. 


'  And  other,  that  folk  haue  in  despy t,  [leat  71] 

Hem  to  cherysshe,  ys  my  delj't ;  4704 

I  ffeede  folk  that  hongry  be, 

And  parte  \\iih  hem  off  my  plente ; 

And  vysete  he?«  that  lyggen  seke. 

And  dwelle  \\i\Ji  folkys  that  he  meke ;  4708 

And  for  no  cost  I  do  not  spare, 

To  be  glad  off  the  Avelfare 

Off  eue?'y  other  mane?'  whyht, 

As  off  myn  owne  of  verray  ryht.  4712 

'  I  am  she  that  paciently 
Kan  snffren,  &  benygnely  [stowe,  leaf  sv] 

AUe  sorwes  wel  apese. 

And  I  am  she  that  kan  done  ese,  47 IG 

Al  hevynesses  to  recure. 
And  I  am  she  that  set  no  cure 
Off  grucchyng  nor  detracciouw  ; 

ffor  thys  ys  my  condiciou?^,  4720 

Harm  to  speke  neueradel, 
But,  off  ech  man  to  sey  wel, 
"Wych  I  holde  a  grot  vertu. 

U  And  yiff  he  haue  off  Cryst  Iliesu  4724 

Any  maner  Eeiiie/«brau?ice, 
I  made  hyz/z  for  to  ha  plesau?ice 
Off  mercy,  as  I  reherse  kan, 

ffor  loue  to  be-komc  A  man,  4728 

And  taken  your  humanyte. 
And  suffren,  by  humylyte, 
Deth  for  your  sake,  &  passiouH  ; 

Made  hyw  fro  hevene  kome  A-dou??,  4732 

And  suffren  ek  (as  yt  ys  fouwde,) 
To  a  pyler  to  be  bovnde. 
And  tendurc  (that  Lord  most  fre,) 
Wz't/i  sharpe  thornys  crownyd  be,  473G 

And  sprede  hys  Armys  on  the  rood, 
And  for  your  sake  shede  hj's  blood ; 
And  to  a  croos  to  be  ek  nayled, 

And  dou??.  therby  hys  blood  yraylled  [C.  &st.]  4740 

To-forn,  bc-hynde,  &  eu^:'ry  cost,  „ 

And  to  his  Fader  yelde  hys  goste,  „ 


t  Christ  to  Hell.    Christ  Jcsus's  Testament.    125 


id  hys  spyryt  take.  [st.&c] 

i.  made  hy?«,  for  your  sake,  ,, 

if  entenciou?^, 

mr  redempciou??,  [stowc,  leafsy,  bafU.] 

ir  synne  lost  echon, 
le  I  made  hym  gon, 
nn  out  that  lej''  ther  boii?Kle, 

.  -  power  to  COnf Oll?ide,  [^  Devellys  St.] 

Lde  grevyd  man  so  sore. 
sh;il  telle  yow  euermore, 
kyng  most  souereyne, 
s  passion?*  &  peyne, 
jnnentys  wonder  stronge, 
leth  sholde  vnderibnge, 
.  nat  off  entent 

xke  hys  testament.  pstowe] 

/Lj  ther- off  to  eudyte, 
^      je  me  yt  to  Avryte  : 
ike  the  forme  bettre, 
wrot  yt,  eue?'y  lettre 


Charity. 


4714 


4748 


4752 


4756 


47G0 


f^fm^ 


J  >»y^      yd  yt  (yt  ys  no  les,) 
"^n^jj^^     ve  testament  off  pes.' 
Tor  yow  alle  I  brynge, 
ay  ha  knowelychynge 
r  thyng  tlier-on  doth  sue, 
0  yow  ther-off  ys  due, 
';iden  the  sentence, 
yiven  audyence. 
/s,  herkneth  echon, 
AS  i  snax  ner  rehors  A-noon. 

The  testament  off  Cryst  Ihesu. 
I,  Ihgc^u,  sone  of  Marye, 
Wych  namyd  am  (w/t/i-oute  lye) 
Trouthe,  Sothfast  lyff,  &  weye, 
Now  to-forn  or  that  I  deye, 
The  deth  off  whom  ys  ful  certeyne, 
And  how  I  shal  endure  peync ; 
But  to-forn,  of  good  entent 
I  wyl  mak  my  testament. 
'  And  fyrst  off  alle,  wylfully 


Testame»tn)n  piicis.    4764 


4768 


4772 


[Stowp,  leaf  88] 


4776 


4780 


He  went  to 
hell  to  fetcli 
tlience  those 
who  were 
bound  by  the 
devil. 


Before  His 
death  Christ 
made  His 
Testament, 


I  wrote  it, 

and  called  it 
ThP  True 
Texttiment 
of  Peace. 


I  will  read  it 
to  you,  if  you 
will  listen. 


[Cap.  Ixiii, 

prose.] 
I,  Jesus,  who 
am  the  Truth, 

[leaf  72] 
the  Life,  and 
the  Way, 


before  I  die 
will  make  >Iy 
will. 


12G     Tlic  lad    Will  and  Testament  of  Christ  Jesus. 


1  IjeqiiL'iitli 
my  Soul  to 
Gijd, 


for  Him  to 
keep  wliile  I 
(lesceiul  into 
hell. 


My  Body  I 
bequeath  to 
the  sepulchre 
for  three 
days,  and  to 
true  pil- 
grims. 


to  sustain 
them. 


My  Heart  to 
those  who 
keep  My 
command- 
ments ; 


My  Mother 
to  St.  John, 


[leaf  72,  back] 
who  shall 
sustain  her 
in  !ill  she 
sliall  Rull'er 
for  Me. 


I  bc-qnethe  enterl}^ 
My  soule  vn-to  ray  Fader  dere, 
Tliat  syt  above  the  sterrys  clere, 
Yt  to  kepeii  &  convey e, 
And  to  governe  yt  in  the  weye 
"VVlian  yt  shal  descende  dou?i 
In-to  the  dyrke^  mansyou?^ 
Off  the  foule  jjyt  of  helle, 
Wher  as  fendys  euere  dwelle, 
My  freudys  ther  to  fette  a-way, 
Wych  ha  be  ther  se  many  day, 
To  delyvere  hem  out  off  wo. 

'  And  my  body,  I  qiiethe  also 
To  the  sepulkre,  for  dayes  thre, 
Wych  losepli  hath  mad  for  me. 
Wych  Body  I  leve  also 
To  trewe  pylgrymes  that  her  go, 
As  tliyng  that  most  may  hem  avaylle 
Hem  to  releue-  in  ther  travaylle ; 
As  clieff  Repast,  hem  to  sustene 
In  tlier  vyage  ageyn  al  tene. 
]\ryn  herte  I  quethe  (ek  of  entent,) 
To  ali  that  my  comau?idcment 
Kepe,  to  ther  power  feythfully, 
And  my  statiitys  enterly. 

'  My  Moder,  I  leue  to  Seyn  lolian. 
To  be  a-vaytyng  eue;'e  in  on 
Vp-on  hyre,  in  al  the  smerte 
That  she  shal  felyn  at  hyr  herte, 
"Whan  she  me  seth  in  grct  mescheft", 
Lad  to  my  deth-ward  as  a  thoff ; 
Wych  shal  thorgh  hyr  herte  blyve. 
Sharper  than  any  swerd  y-Ryve, 
And  maken  hyre  in  Terys  tlrowne, 
And  offte  sythes  for  to  swowne 
Off  verray  moderly  pyte  : 
But  than  shal  loluai  hyr  socour  be 
In  hyr  lamentaciou?;s, 
ffor  trouble  oft'  my  passiou?AS, 
To  coiuy/ forte  hyre  in  al  hyr  wo. 


4784 


[1  dyrke  St.,  dyik  C]    4788 


4792 


4796 


[2  Rereleve  St.]    4800 


[Stowe,  leaf  88,  back] 

4804 


4808 


[c.&st.]  4812 


4816 


4820 


The  last   Will  and  Testament  of  Christ  Jesus. 


127 


'  And  to  Sey?i  lolian  I  leve  also, 
That  he  may  han  perseuerau?ice 
To  sen  me  in  my  gret  sni5rau»,ce  ; 
ffor,  he  ys  my  frend  certeyn, 
And  so  am  I  to  hyrn  ageyn 
ffrendly,  off  verray  kyndenesse, 
Wych  ys  not  meynt  with  donhyhiesse. 

'My  blood,  I  qnethe  ek  for  Rau/?sou?i 
To  al  that  haue^  co??tpassiou7i    [i  that  iiaue  st.,  timue  c] 
Off  my  deth,  &  ek  of  me. 
And  off  the  grete  adue?*syte 
That  I  endure  for  her  sake. 
To  a\V'  swych  my  blood  I  take, 
That  kepe  hem  clenii  out  oft"  synne,      [stowe,  leat  so] 
Therby  that  they  may  hevene  wynne 
Ageyn  al  persecucyou?^ 
Off  the  ffendys  temptaciou?? ; 
Ageyn  hys  myglit  hem  to  provyde, 
The  large  wonde  vp-on  my  syde 
Al  hope,"  I  geue  liem  to  refut.  p  oopc  St.,  open] 

'  To  witA-stonde  hys  felle  sut. 
As  champyouws  witli  hym  to  stryve, 
My  wondys  I  geue  hem  alle  fyve ; 
The  griite  karectys,  brood  &  Reede, 
To  plete  for  hem  wha?i  they  ha  nede, 
I  make  ther  vocat  of  my  blood; 
And  thogli  ther  cause  be  nat  good, 
With  synne  Apeyred,  &  trespace, 
Ther-by  that  they  may  gete  ^  grace,         ['  gete  my  St.] 
Only  of  mercy  &*  pyte  [^ami  oirst.] 

Reconcyled  ageyn  to  me, 
A-noon,  as  they  ha  repentaurece, 
And  Amende  hem  l)y  penau7jce, 
And  preye  to  me  in  ther  dystresse, 
ffor  to  grau?ite  hem  forgyffnesse. 

'  And  to  save  hem  fro  meschau??ce, 
I^  make  ek  an  ordynavnce  p  And  St.] 

Lawes  to  be  rad  &  songe, 
Compyled  off  myn  owne  tonge, 
Wych  I  be-quethe  to  yong  &  olde, 


Charity. 

To  Jolinl 
also  leave 
4824    Pei'seVeranee 
ti)  see  the 
end. 


4828 


4832 


My  Blood  I 
give  to  those 
who  have 
compassion 
on  Me; 


it  will  cleanse 
Aoor-     tl' em  from 
4836     all  sin. 


4840 


4844     My  Five 
W'oinuls  I 
leave  to  those 
who  ccmlend 
with  the 
devil, 


[leaf7.'5] 

and  also  be 
leconciled  to 
Me. 


4848 


4852 


4856 


I  also  make 
an  ordinance 
which  I  be- 
queath  to 
4860    youns;  and 
old, 


128     J^lic  last    Will  and  Testament  of  Christ  Jesus. 


tliat  I  shall 
be  a  Mci.liator 
bclvveeii  (ioil 
and  mail. 


My  Peace  I 
f<ive  to  all  the 
world. 


It  is  the 
fairest  ^ift  I 
ever  gave,  ex- 
cept Myself. 


[leaf  73,  bade] 

Peace  is  the' 
most  perlect 
jewel  made 
by  My 
Father. 


[Cap.  Ixiv] 

It  is  good  to 
put  the  ex- 
ample of 
Peace  in  re- 
membrance. 


'To  plcte  for  he?»,  &  plees^  holde      [•  pices  St.,  pies  c] 
To-for  \\\jn  ownli  Ffacler  dcre, 

111  al  tlier  nedys  fer  &  nere,  4864 

Ther  to  ben  her  aduocat. 
And  (tavoyden  al  debat.) 
I  shal  for  hem  be  swych  a  mene, 

Off  synne  to  putte  away  the  tens,  [stowe,  leaf  so,  back]  4868 
The  tenys  off  eternal  wo. 

'  And  my  pes,  I  gyue  also 
To  al  the  world  in  habondan?^ce, 

Whcrby  they  may  \\Q,vi  sylff  avau«ce  4872 

And  ffrau?ichysen  at  the  lieste, 
T]ierl)y  euere  to  lyve  in  reste, 
In  perfyt  loye  ay  tabon?Kle, 

Yiff  the  ffaute  be  nat  fou??de  4876 

In  them  syltf ,  for  lak  off  grace 
Yt  to  refuse  for  ther  trespace  : 
ffor,  in  pes  ay  to  personere, 

So  ffayr  a  gyffte  gaff  I  neuere,  4880 

My  sylff  except,  vn-to  no  man, 
Syth  tyme  that  the  world  be-gan. 
ffor  who  consydreth,  &  loke  wel, 

Pes   ys  the  parfyt  lowel  4884 

That  al  Eychesse  doth  transcende. 
Verray  pes  doth  ek  amende  [c.  &  st.] 

Al  vertues  that  men  kan  nevene ; 
And  pees  was  fyrst  wrought  in  heuene,  „       4888 

Off  thylke  souereyn  Carpenter 
That  syt  aboue  the  sterrys  cler, 
That  forgyd  fyrst,  (who  lyst  look,) 
Wit/i-outen  any  noyse  or  strook  :  4892 

Strook  nor  noyse  make«  no  pes, 
Bat  they  yt  breke  doutelcs. 

'  Wherfore,  As  scmcth  vn-to  mo, 
Yt  ys  good  that  the  exau/»ple  be  4896 

Off  pes  yput  in  Reme/»brau;/ce, 
Wych  ys  the  ground  off'  al  plesau«ce. 
And  off  thys  pes,  by  good  Eeson, 

That  ther  be  shewyd  a  patrovn,  4900 

To  kiiowe  Lho  verray  exaiu/qileyre,        [siowe,  leaf sto] 


The  Last    Will  and  TedamciU  of  Jesus  Christ. 


29 


And  tavoyJen  liys  con  tray  re. 
Vorryly  in  portrature 
Ye  slial  sen  her  the  ii'ygure. 
The  portrature  off  pes  to  make, 
'  ffyrst  ye  shal  a  squyre  take, 
A  Squyre  off"  a  carpenter ; 
And  ye  shal  vse  thys  maner  : 
ffyrst,  to  done  your  bysynesse, 
The  Ton  ende  vp-ward  to  dresse 
Hi!i  a-loffte,  ryht  as  lyne  ; 
And  ferthermor  to  determyne. 
The  tother  eude  lower  dou?i. 
So  that  (in  conclusiou?i) 
The  Angle  corner  in  your  syht, 
Wycli  loyneth  the  Endys  lyne  rylit ; 
In  wych  corner  (yiff  ye  lyst  wyte,) 
Tlier  ys  in  soth  An  '  A '  ywryte. 
Than  lynealy,  yiff  ye  descende 
Doun  vn-to  the  lower  ende, 
Ye  shal  fynde  wryte  A,  '  P,' 
And  alderhyest  ye  shal  se 
In  that  ende  An  '  X  '  yset ; 
And  whan  thys  lettrys  hen  yknet, 
loyned  in  on,  who  kan  espye, 
Parfyt  pes  they  sygnyfye. 


4904 


4908 


4912 


Charity. 


To  m;ike  the 
'porli'iiiture' 
of  peace,  take 
a  carpenter's 
S(iiuiie  : 


lot  one  end 
stand  up- 
right : 


ill  tlie  ant;Ie 
formed  liv 
4916     tlie  two  sides 
you  will  see 
the  letter  A. 


4920 


[St.  &-C.] 


4924 


Ijoolc  to  the 
lower  end, 
[leaf  71] 
and  you'll 
see  p, 
and  in  tlie 
upper  end  the 
letter  x. 


[6  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an 
Illumination,  no  doubt. 

The  figure  here  is  from  the 
Stoive  MS.,  Zert/90.] 


I--'! 

-i — I 


And  overmor,  thys  lettrys  thre       [stowe,  leufuo,  hacU] 

Ar  tooknys,  tliat  in  vnyte 

He  sholde  ha  verray  loue  &  pes. 

With  thre  thynges  douteles. 

He  that  hath  pocessiou?j 

Off  thys  lowel,  most  off  Eenou/?, 

And  he  to  whom  Cryst  hath  yt  take, 

Sholde  kej^e  for  hys  sake 

Pes  vfih  enery  maner  whyht. 

PILGRIMAGE.  E 


4928 


4932 


[Cap.  Ixv] 
These  three 
letters  are 
tokens  of 
peace. 


130          The  Last    Will  and  Testament  of  Jesus  Christ. 


By  A  I  am 
signified. 


Peace  be- 
tween Ooil 
iiiul  ine  ciiii 
never  be 
separated. 


Peace  re- 
strains men 
from  offend- 
ing me. 
[leaf  74,  back] 


[Stowe] 


[C.  &  St.] 


[Cap.  Ixvi] 

Where  you 
see  the  A  that 
vei)resents 
the  soul  of 
man. 


(Definition  of 
Si/ndereais.) 


*  And  fyrst  above,  as  yt  ys  rylit, 
Wher  as  the  .X.  condygnely 
Ys  set  a-loffte,  as  most  worthy ; 
Ey  wych  (yiff  yt  he  espyed,) 
I  am  trewly  sygnyfyed, 
In  tookne  that  noon  be  rekkijles, 
ffyrst  to  haiici  pa/'fyt  pes 
W/tA  God  &  me,  wych  byth  al  on. 
And  may  neiiere  assonder  gon  ; 
And  also  (as  I  shal  devyse,) 
That  he  (in  no  maner  Avyse) 
Ne  do  no  thyng  in  no  degi'e 
Wych  that  shokle  dysplesiJ  me  : 
And  yiff  yt  happe,  off  neclygence, 
A-geyn  me  that  he  do  offence, 
^In  alle  haste  that  he  hym  peyne 
To  with-draAve  hym  /  and  Restreyne 
ffrom  alle  evellys,  for  my  sake 
And  that  he  amendys  make,  ,, 

Hys  trespasse  to  ben  a-knowe.  ,, 

'  And  in  the  corner  that  stent  lowe,  ,, 

Wher  as  ye  sen  An  '  A  '  stonde, 
Ther-by  pleynly  ys  vnderstonde 
The  sowle  off  man,  •with  whom  ech  whyht 
Shokle  ha  pes,  of  verray  ryht.  [stowe,  leafiti] 

So  that  in  a  maMhys-  thouht  [^ mnnnyn .st] 

Synderesis  ne  gruchclie  nouht, —  •* 
(Synderesys,  to  speke  in  pleyn, 
Ys  as  myche  for  to  seyn, 
Ey  notable  descripcioa?^. 
The  hiher  party  of  Eesou/^ ; 
Wherby  A  man  shal  best  discerne 
Hys  conscience  to  governe,) — 
Thorgh  no  trespace  nor  offence, 
Ey  no  Remors  off  conscience  j 
Lat  euery  man  tak  bed  her- to, 
And  with  your  neyhebour  also 


4936 


4940 


4944 


4948 


4952 


4956 


49G0 


4964 


I9G8 


4972 


^  Alle  dedcs  don  aycais  inv  willc  liei>  restrcincd  and  amended. 
C'amb.,  ]i.  39. 

•'  Liuea  4903-08  are  written  on  the  niari,an  opposite  1.  1957. 


The  Last   Will  and  Testament  of  Jesus  Christ. 


131 


'  Ye  most  lia  pes  &  vnyte, 
Sych  ys  ytokeuyd  by  the  .p. 
And  ys  yset  fyrst  oii'  eclion. 

'  And  that  ye  sholde  be  al  on, 
Thexau»iple  techeth  yow  fnl  we], 
(Yiff  ye  consydren  eiieyydel,) 
How  ye  bothen,  in  O  lyne 
Stonde,  &  may  yt  not  declyne. 
Lyneally,  yt  ys  noon  other, 
As  brother  verrayly  to  brother, 
!Xature  wyl  that  yt  so  be. 
Hill  and  lowfi,  ofi"  o  degre, 
Bothe  tweyne  ymade  lyche  ; 
The  pore  man  &  ek  the  ryche. 
At  the  gynnyng,  as  ye  shal  lere, 
Al  forgyd  wern  of  0  matere, 
Touchyng  tlier  ffyrste  orygynal, 
And  bothe  tweyne  be  mortal  ; 
The  Ton,  the  tother,  in  certoyne 
They  be  but  wermes  bothe  tweyne, 
And  they  ne  kan  hetu  sylH'e  nat  kei)e,         [c.  Jtst.] 
But  that  tliey  shaH  to  erthe  krepe  ;  „ 

When  that  deth  doth  hem  assaylle.  ,, 

'  fJor  what  ys  worth,  or  may  avayllo,  ,, 

A  felou/t  herte  or  hardynesse,  ,, 

Daunger,  despyt  or  sturdynesse,  ,, 

Nat  may  socoure  vp-on  no  syde,     [stowe,  leatui,  back] 
Ther  deynous  port,  ther  grete^  piT*^^>     [' !,'ift«st.,  gn 
Yt  may  hem  done  noon  avauMtage, 
ifor  al  shal  passe  By  o  passage, 
And  by  on  hole  off  gret  streihtnesse  ; 
Powerte  &  ek  rychesse, 
Al  goth  0  way,  bothe  gret  &  smal ; 
Excepciouji  ys  noon  at  al. 
To  helpyn  in  thys  streihte  nede. 

'  Wherfor  euery  man  take  liede, 
Thorgh  pryde  to  be  nat  rekkeles, 
Thys  ryche  lowel  callyd  pes. 
To  kepe  yt  wel,  &  lese  yt  nouht. 

'  And  euery  man,  in  herte  &  tliuuht 


4976 


4980 


4984 


4988 


4992 


-I99G 


4999 

tc] 


5004 


5008 


5012 


licrause  p 
and  a  stand 
in  one  line. 


and  all  men 
were  (irii;iii- 
nlly  made 
alike. 


[leaf-a] 


That  which 
happens  to 
one  liappens 
to  another, 


and  all  go 
one  way. 


Wherefore 
have  a  care 
lest  this  jewel 
be  lost. 


132  Tlu;  Last    Will  and  Testament  of  Jcsv.s  Christ. 


All  testa- 
ments slioultl 
be  signed  in 
peace  and 
unity.' 


[leafrn.haek] 

[Cap.  Ixvii, 

prose.] 
Wlien 

Cliarity  liad 
finislied  tlie 
testament. 


she  went  on 
to  say, 


'  You  liave 
lieai-d  in 
wliat  I  have 
read, 


how  Christ 
gave  His 
peace  and 
other  gifts 
lo  men. 


'  Do  hys  dyllygent  laboui', 
To  ha  pes  w/t/^.  hys  neihebour, 
As  roote  off  al  perfeccioiwi, 
Vp  to  parforme  the  patroure 
Off  vnyte  &  sothfast  pes, 
Tendure  &  lasten  endeles  ; 
So  as  yt  ouht,  off  iust  resou?^, 
As  tookne  off  the  tabellyou/i, 
W/t/i  wych,  in  pes  and  vnyte, 
Al  testamentys  sholde  be 
Sygned  &  markyd  comou?ily, 
And  ek  corefermyd  openly. 

'  And  tovchyng  her  thys  wryt  present, 
Callyd  of  Cryst  the  testament, 
Wiih  tookne  off  tabelliou??, 
I  niarke  off  entencyon/i 
To  last  in  pes  &  vnyte.' 

^And  whan  thys  lady  Chary te 
Hadde  Radd  and  yoven  off  Entent 
The  pes  off  Cristes  Testament 
To  alle  folkys  that  were  there, 
Chargy?<ge  hem,^  off  herte  entere, 
Affter  the  fforme"^  euerydel, 
Al  ther  lyve'-^  to  kepe  yt  wel, — 
Anoon  a-geyn,  as  ye  shal  se, 
Thys''^  fay  re  lady  Chary  te 
Hyr  tale  ga?«ne  al  openly, 
Sayynge  thus  benygnely. 

Charyte  speketh  hyr  ageyn. 
'  Syrs,'  (luod  she,  '  ye  haue  henl  al 
By  thys  lettre  (in  specyal) 
Wych  I  ha  rad*  in  your  jH-esence 
Openly  in  audyence. 
How  Cryst  Ihe^'u,  off  hys  goodnesse. 
And  off  hys  grete  kyndenesse. 
Out  off  thys  world  wha?«  he  sholde  gon, 
Gaff  hys  pes,  to  yow  cchon. 


[C.  &  St.] 


[Stowe,  leaf  92] 
[2  Stowe] 


5016 


5020 


5024 


5028 


5032 


5036 


[3  This  St.] 


5040 


[t  redde  St.] 


5044 


5048 


'  Camb.  ]VIS.  reads  :  Wlian  c]iarit(;e  haddo  al  vad  this  tusta- 
iiient,  and  lestod,  tliaiiiie  she  hiwaii  ayeii  liire  iiarlcniciit,  and 
.'iiiichu  woordes  site  seyde  afterward,  '  Lordinges,  &c'. ,  p.  39. 


Penance  and  Charity  needed  for  the  Lord's  Suiiper.       133 


Charily. 


I  will  lull  you 
wliy  1  uiii'put 
bolween  you 
and  tlie  table 
of  Moses. 


[f'ap.  Ixviii, 
[Hose. J 


*  W^t/t  many  gyfftys  off  gret  prys, 

Wych  ye  shal  kepe,  yiff  ye  be  wys, 

As  I  ha  told  in  ech  estat ; 

ffor  pes  Jevoydeth  al  debat,  5052 

Wlier  yt  abydeth  parfytly. 

'  But  I  shal  telle  the  cause  why 
That  I  me  putte  fyrst  in  pres^  [•  pices  st.,  pes  c] 

Atwyxe  yow  &  Moyses,  505G 

And  the  table  wher  as  lie  stood, 
ffor  me-thoviht  yt  was  nat  good       [Stowe,  leaiy*,  bad<] 
That  noon  off'  yow,  in  no  degre, 
Sholde  a-proche  w^t^-oute  me  50G0 

To  clayme  part  (thys,  the  cheff) 
At  hys  table,  off  the  releff' 
]iut  I  my-sylff  wer  ther  present. 

'  And  ek  the  sayde  testament,  5064       [leafre] 

That  I  ha  told  off  in  substau7?ce, 
And  yiff  ye  haue  in  remembraurace  [c.  &  St.] 

Dame  Penaunnce  yow  tolde  so,  ,, 

Yiff  ye  took  good  hed  ther-to,  50G8 

W^t/i-oute7^  hyre,  thys  the  ende^         [Uhende  c,  st.] 
Ye  be  nat  hable  for  to  wende 
To  the  table  off  Moyses. 

And  but  ye  haue  ek  parfyt  pes-  5072 

Wit/i  yow  echon,  &  also  me 
Wych  am  ynamyd  Charyte, 
Ye  be  vnAvortliy  &  vnhable 

To  ha  tlie  releff  off  hys  table.*  5076 

ffor  yt  were  a  presm^pcioura, 
And  a  gret  transgression?*. 
To  neyhen  ner,  or  to  be  bold. 
Or  to  clayme  (as  I  ha  told)  5080 

Off  that  releff  most  specyal, 
Wher-off  ech  part  ys  on  &  al, — 
Ther  ys  ther-in  no  dyfference  ; — 

And  therfor,  lat  be  noon  offence  5084 

In  yow,  vp-on  no  maner  syde, 
But  that  aforn  ye  yow  provyde, 
As  I  the  charge  haue  on  yow  leyde.' 

And  whan  Charyte  hadde  al  sayde,       [Stowe,  leaf  os]  prose.] ' 


Without  pen- 
ance you  are 
unable  to 
reach  tlie 
table ; 


and  unless 
you  have 
peace  you 
cannot  liave 
relief. 


It  were  pre- 
sumption to 
approach 
witliout 
preparation." 


134     Moses  ffives  the  Leavings  of  the  Supper  to  all. 


PUarim. 

Wl»en 

anntrhad 
finislied  tbe 
pilgTinis 


forwaiA, 


and  laesaited 
Ciiemselres 
ttefixv  Moses. 


>afT«.l)eM^] 


But  Iskv 
aomewbo 
were  nn- 
Tortfar. 


Tn^  !r;d 
fr.>".ii  Charitr, 


e.Jlkr'saek. 


And  mad  a  ful  conclusiou/j 

Off  Lyr  specbe  &  hyr  sarmoii?*, 

Pylgrymes  \\em  putte  fast  in  pres 

Toward  the  table  off  Moyse^ ;  5092 

Conveyed  ech  in  tber  degre 

Wit/<  parfyt  pes  and  Chante, 

And  W!u7/  Terray  repentauMce, 

Coiifessiouji,  &  ek  penalu^ce.  5096 

Pylgrymes  alle  off  good  entente^ 

To  3iIoyses  they  hem  presente, 

As  they  myghte  hem  redy  make, 

And,  the  releff  off  hyj/i  take  5100 

ffal  devoutly  off  assent. 

And  Grace  Dieu  was  ay  present  [c.  i  st.] 

Whan  they,  w/t^  gret  deuocyouH,  „ 

Took  yt  in  ther  entencyouM,  ,.       SlO-i 

And  v^ixh  a  clene  conscience.  ,, 

But  I  sawh  iher  in  presence, 
Sonrme  pressen  to  the  table 

That  wer  vn worthy  <Sr  vnhable ;  5108 

"Wych  held  hem-sylff  fer  out  asyde, 
And  fro  Charyte  gan  hem  hyde, 
And  fledde  also  fro  dame  Penauwce  ; 
And  yet  hew'-sylff  they  g:ui  A-vaunce,  5112 

Off  boldenesse  al  shameles,^       P  ahamdes  Su,  shamUs  C] 

ffor  to  receyve  off  Moyses 
Tbe  releff,  wher  as  he  stood. 

Tlie  wyche  thoubte-  nat  but  good ;  5116 

ffor  he,  off  clene  affeccloura, 
Gaff  yt  wf't/(-oute  excepcTou?; 
(Off  the  plente  that  he  hadde,) 
To  pylgrymes  good  &  badde,  5120 

ffor  he  noon  hede  ne  dyde  take. 
But  they  retoumede  foul  and  blake, 
I  mene,  swych  that  of  boldnesse 

Toke  yt  nat  in  clennesse,  51i!4 

As  they  ouht  ha  done  off  rylit ; 
Swych  wer  foul  &  blake  of  syht 
Lyche^  to  a  colyers  sak.  ?  Lydjc  sl,  Lydi  c: 

ffor  in  hem-sylff  was  all  the  lak  5128 


C  irhitiie  thonshV  St..  I£.  OS  ; 
wych  tboaht  C] 


[Stove,  leaf  93,  bad:] 


Good.  Pilgrims  arc  satisfied,  tho  the  Food  scans  sraaU.    135 


That  they  semede  so  odyble, 
Stynkynge  also,  &  horn^ble, 
Hungry,  thorgh  ther  gret  ofEence, 
&  nedy  in  ther  conscience ; 
And,  for  lak  off  good  entent, 
Wer  also  ful  indygent, 
And  voyde  ek  off  al  gostly  foode. 

'  But  sothly,  thjike  that  wer  goode, 
And  goostly  tooke  ther  ffedjTig, 
They  wer  fulfylled  in  ail  thyng 
Off  that  releff  most  in  substau?jce, 
And  ther-in  hadde  al  suffysau?zce, 
Keplevysshyd  in.  herte  &  thouht, 
Off  other  thyng  them  nedede  nouht. 
The  goode  pylgrymes  thouhte  so, 
That  they  wer  Redy  for  to  go 
(Thorgh  suffysau7ice  off  that  repast) 
ffro  the  table  whan  they  wer  past, 
And,  to-forn)  alle,  as  they  koude, 
ffor  verray  loye  they  seyde  loude, 
That  they  wolde  noon  other  thyng,       [stowe,  leai  9i] 
Hem  to  sustene  in  ther  lyvyng. 
And  to  deffende  hem  fro  damage 
As  they  wente  on  pylgryraage 
As  pylgrymes  good  and  sadde. 

But  mervayl  of  0  thyng  I  hadde 
Wi't/j-Inne  my  sylff,  &  grete^  doute     [» grete  St.,  gret 
That  swych  A  meyne  &  a  route 
As  was  ther,  to  putte  a^  preff,  Pin  si.] 

Was  fulfyUyd  off  the  releff. 
The  wych  was  (as  thouhte  me,) 
So  ven-ay  smal  in  quantyte. 
Wher-off"  I  gan  wondre  sore. 
And  merveyDe  mor  &  more. 
And  thoghte,  thogh  ther  hadde  be 
Ten  so  myche  Lu  quantyte 
Off  releff  lefft  at  the  table. 

Me  sempte  that  I  hadde  ^  be  hable  p  hadde  St.,  ow.  c] 
At  0  djmer,  my-sylff  ryht  wel, 
To  have  hete  yt  eue/ydel, 


oi; 


5136 


5U0 


51il 


5U8 


515: 


C.J 

5156 


5160 


5164 


516t^ 


Imngry  mid 
iudigeul. 


[leaf  77] 


The  good 
pilgrims 
«iiiie  away 
saUsfieJ, 


and  desired 
no  otiier 
sustenaui-e. 


[Cap.  Ixx, 
prose.] 


I  wondered 
that  so  little 
could  satisfy 
so  many. 


I thonght  I 
could  hare 
eaten  ten 
times  as 
much  myself. 


136 


/  ash  Grace  Dieu  to  explain  the  Mystery. 


[leaf  77,  back] 


Yet  each 
X)ilgi"iin  had 
Jiail  euougli, 


ami  had  been 
made  mighty 
and  strong. 

[Cap.  Ixxi, 

prose.] 


I  thouglit  I 
had  lost  my 
reason. 


so  I  went  to 
Grace  Dieu, 


and  asked 
her  for  some 
proof  of  I  lie 
truth  of  what 
I  liad  been. 


[leaf  78] 


And  yet  nat  had  (to  my  plesau72ce) 

Halff  A  repast  of  suii'ysawice. 

And  yet,  the  pylgrynies  eue?'ychon 

Sayde  &  affermede,  On  by  on, 

That  they  fonde  swych  fulso??inesse, 

And  so  plentuous  largesse  [c.&st.] 

As  they  yt  tooke  by  good  leyser  [st.  &  c] 

At  that  merveyllous  dyner,  ,, 

That  to  euerych  (m  ther  guyse)  ,, 

A  lytel  dyde  ynowh  suifyse. 

And  euerych  (in  especial) 

Was  ther  fulfyllyd  wit/i  ryht  smal 

Ther-wrt/^,  myglity  mad,  &^  stronge. 

Wher-vp-on  I  gan  fill  longe. 
And  thouhte  (A-mong  \\Qin  euerychon) 
Myn  vnderstondyng  was  agon 
ffor  lak  off  wyt  in  gret  dystresse, 
And  forcloudyd  w^t/^  dyrknesse. 
Jveson  was  liyd,  so  sempte  me, 
Tliat  I  kowde  hyr  nowher  se  ; 
In  al  that  place,  I  sawh  nat  tho, 
Ko  whyht  I  myhte  speke  vn-to, 
Save  Grace  Dieu,  wych  ther  abood. 
And  to-for  the  Table  stood 
Off  Moyses  ;  &  off  entente, 
Vn-to  byre  a-noon  I  wente. 

[6  tines  lAank  in  MS.  for  an  IlMmination.^ 

The  pylgrym  askede. 
*  Ma  dame,'  (\uod  I,  '  I  ha  gret  nede 
That  ye  wolde,  oft"  goodlyhede,  5196 

And  off  your  gret  excellence, 
Sheweu  to  me  som  evydcnce 
How  yt  myghte  shewyd  be, 

That  so  lytel  qua«tyte  5200 

Off  thys  releft'  (in  any  wyse) 
Myghte  of  resou/i  ynowh  suffyse 
To  so  manye  as  ben  here  ? 

ft'or,  ma  dame,  (&  ye  lyst  lure,)  5204 

Swych  ten  in  quantyte  [stowe,  icafos] 

Woldc  nat  suft'yseu  vn-to  me 


5172 


5176 


5179 

[Stowe,  leaf  94,  back] 
[•  and  made  St.] 


5184 


5188 


5192 


Bread  and  Wine  are  changed  to  Christ's  Flesh  and  lUuod.  137 


At  O  ilyner,  to  my  delyt, 
To  falfylle  myn  appetyt.' 

Grace  Dieu  answerde, 
'  I  leue  ryht  wel,'  (\uod  Grace  Dieu, 
'  Toucliyng  thys  merveillous  vertu, 
Thow  hast  gret  nede  for  to  lere  ; 
But  herkene  now,  &  ley  to  here, 
I  shal  the  teche  verrayly 
The  pryvytees,  by  &  by, 
Eothe  by  evydence  &  preff. 

'  Thys  ylke  vertuous  releff, 
Som  whyle  (who  yt  vnderstood) 
ys  ynamyd  flesshe  &  blood, 
And  soin  tyme  (tak  good  heed,) 
Yt  ys  ycallyd  wyn  &  bred, 
Goostely  mete  &  goostely  foode  ; 
To  pylgrymes  that  be  goode, 
fflessh  &  blood  yt  ys  no  doute ; 
Bred  &  wyn  shewyd  with-owiQ, 
Al  be  yt  so  (yt  ys  no  dred,) 
That  yt  to-forn  was  wyn  and  bred. 
As  thow  knowest  wel  certeyn ;  ^ 
But  Moyses  (no  thyng  in  veyn) 
Vp-on  hys  table  (as  yt  stood) 
Hath  tournyd  yt  to  fflessh  &  blood. 
Thys  ys  trewe,  &  verray  soth  ;        [stowe,  leafja,  back] 
Wher-olf  nature  was  ryht  wroth  5 
Anger  made  hyr  herte  ryve. 
And  ther-vp-on  gan  vfiih  me  stryve  : 
She  knewe  no  ferther  (thys,  the  ffyn) 
But  that  yt  was  ay  bred  &  wyn. 

'  Thow  shalt  wel  knowe  how  that  she 
Sawh  nat  the  grete  pryvyte, 
Ifor  lakkyng  off  dyscrecyouw, 
Off  thys  ylke  mutacyou?*, 
But  2  I  the  charge  ther  I  stonde. 
That  ilessh  &  blood  thow  vnderstonde. 
And  so  beleue  yt  verrayly, 
And  kit  nat  meuc  the  outwardly, 
Thogh  that  yt  shewe  outward  so 


Grace  Dieu. 


5208 


[Cap.  Ixxii, 

prose.] 
She  answered 
me. 


'  I  will  tcMcU 
>'ou  by  and 


This  food  is 

cluuifjed 
IVoiii  l)read 
and  wiiK^iiito 
Mu^ll  and 
blood 


[1  in  certeyn  St.] 


[0.  &  St.] 


[2  Stowe] 


5212 


521G 


5220 


5224 


5228     by  Moses 

tor  good  pil- 
grims. 


5232     Nature  was 
angry  at  tliis 
because  she 
u  nderstood 
not  the 
mystery. 


5236 


[leaf  78,  back] 


5240 


5244 


138     Fov/r  of  Mans  five    Wits  deceive  liim.     The  fifth, 


Grace  Dieu. 

Touch,  taste, 
siglit,  and 
smell  are  de- 
ceived. 


Four  of  man's 
wits  are  clean 
gone, 


but  the  fifth 
wit,  or  hear- 
ing. 


makes  xip  for 
all  the  rest, 


[leaf  7U] 


as  it  ilid  to 
isiuic  wlien 
Jacob  de- 
ceived him 


ill  llie  matter 
ot  the  jiulagc, 


'  In  touch  &  sylitti  Lotlie  two, 

Also  in  tast  &  in  smellynge 

Lycli  bred  &  wyn  Rescmb[e]lynge,  5248 

Outward,  as  by  apparence ; 

Truste  shortly  in  sentence. 

Thy  fowre  wyttys  (lerne  of  me) 

ffynally  deceyved  be  ;  5252 

Off  verray  foly  they  be  blent. 

That  they  ha  noon  Entendement, 

The  troutlie  trewly  to  C07icey ve ; 

Swych  dyrknesse  hem  doth  deceyve,  5256 

That  the  off yce  of  h.e7n  echon 

Ys  from  hem^  foure  clene  agon,        ['  hem  st.,  uym  c.j 

ffor  lak,  pleynly,  of  knowelychyng. 

'  But  tlie  fyffthe  wyt  off  heryng—  5260 

Wych  inor  clerly  in  sentence 
Hauetli  full  intelligence — 

He  techy th  the  wyttys  eue?'ychon         [stowc,  leaf  ix;] 
Evydently  what  they  shal  doiD, —  52G4 

The  tast,  the  touch,  &  ek  the  sylit, 
Smellyng  also  (off  verray  ryht,) 
"Whan  they  ha  lost  ther  knowelychyng, 
The  ffyffthe,  that  callyd  ys  Heryng,  5268 

Aparceved  hath  so  wel, 
That  he  knoweth  euerydel 
In  thys  matere  what  shal  be  don). 

And  thys  Avas  fyguryd  longe  a-gun, —  5272 

Red  the  Byble,  yiff  ye  kan, — 
In  Ysaak,  that  oldii  man, 
Whan  Esau  (to  hys  entente,) 

In-to  the  feld  on  huntyng  wente,  527G 

And  hys  labour  spente  in  veyn. 
ffor  longe  or  that  he  kam^  ageyn,  pkomest.] 

lacob  verrayly  in  dede, 

Cladde^  in  Esdwys  wede,  p  ciadde  St.,  ciad  c]  5280 

With  her'*  vp-on  hys  hondys  layd       [*  hccr  st.  (imir)] 
(As  hys  nioder  hadde  hym  sayd,) 
To  Ysaak  helde^  hys  passage,  [*  hcidc  st.,  held  c] 

And  to  hym  brouhte  the  potagc  528-4 

In  ryht  grot  hast,  (as  he  was  taulit,) 


Hearing,  is  alone  trustworthy,  as  Isaacs  case  shu'ios.       139 


And  sayde,  he  hadde  hys  pray  ykaulit 
111  venery,  amyd  the  feld. 

'  But,  Ysaak  no  thyng  be-held,  5288 

ffor  he  was  dyrkyd  off  liys  syht, 
And  gretly  feblyd  off  hys  myght, 
ffor  Touch  &  smellyug  wer  agon ; 

And  Ysaak  wende  eu^'re  in  on,  5292 

That  Esau  hadde  he  present. 
But  Eehecca,  off  entent, 

Sente  lacob  in  hys  name  ;  [stowcieatoc,  back] 

ffor  in  hyr  herte  she  hadde  a  game,  529G 

Esau,  to  settii  abak. 

*  But  thys  olde^  man  Ysaak —        ['  ouie  st.,  old  c] 
The  patryark  of  gret  vertu, — 

Took  lacob  for  Esau,  [Took  /  lacoli  /  lor  ,  Esau]  5300 

In  toucli,  in  tast,  &  in  smellyug, 

In  syghte  also  ;  but  hys  lieryng 

Was  hy???  be-lefft,  hool  &  eiitere. 

And  thus  he  sayde,  as  ye  shal  here  :  5304 

'  The  voys  of  lacob  semeth  me ; 

Off  Esau,  the  haiidys  be ; 

I  here  lacob  speken  wel ; 

But  the  handys  that  I  fel,  5308 

The  handys  ben  off  Esau.' 

'  Consydreth  now  how  the  vertu 
Off  Touch,  &  ta.^t,  smellyng,  &  syht  [st.  &  c] 

Hadde  pleynly  lost  hys  myght  •  ,,        5312 

The  force  off  lieryng  styllo  a-bood  ;  „ 

Wit/i  Isaak,  ryht  so  yt  stood.  „ 

^  By  wych  exau??zple,  tak  good  heed 
ff'or  profyt  off  thyn  owne  speed,  5316 

Off  thys  fygure  that  I  ha  told ; 
Lefft  vp  thyn  eyen  &  be-hold  : 
Avaunce  the  nat,  nor  mak  no  host, 
ffor  thy  .iiij. 2  wyttys  tliow  hast  lost.        [sffomest.]  5320 
Ther  myght,  ther  force,  ar  fro  the  wey ved ; 
Yiff  tliow  truste  he???,  thow  art  decey ved ; 
ffor  Tast  nor  touch  in  no  dcgre, 

Nor  no  thyng  that  thow  kanst  su,  5324 

Nor  thy  smellyng  (tak  good  hed,) 


Grace  JJicu. 


tliiiikiiifj  it 
was  Ksau 
wlio  brought 


AH  bia  senses 
ileceived  liini, 
except  lieur- 


"  The  voice 
is  the  voice 
of  Jacob, 


l)Ut  tlie  liaiuls 
are  the  bHiiJs 
of  Esau." 

[leaf  79,  back] 
[Cap.  Ixxiii, 
prose.] 


By  this  ex- 
ample take 
heed, 


and  do  not 
trust  to  your 
four  senses, 


l-iO       Let  HmriiKj  guide  you.     Christ's  Flesh  and  Blood. 

Grace  Dieu.    Ne  slicvve  to  the  but  wyn  &  bred  ;        [stowe,  leaf  av] 

By  ther  engyn,  liill  nor  lowe, 

Thow  ue  sluilt  noon  other  knowe.  5328 

'  Thy  ffoure  wyttys  set  a-syde, 
but  let  hear-     _A.ud  lilt  hervn"  be  thy  "uydc  ; 

ing  be  your  jo  j    !d    j         j 

guide;  ffor,  thys  .iiij.Mn  sothfastnesse  [iffourest.] 

Kan  nor  may  ber  no  wytnesse.  5332 

Wher-for  thow  mustest,  for  the  beste, 

Abyde  on  heryng,  and  ther  reste  ; 

ffully  truste  to  hys  sentence  ; 

Yiff  feyth  to  hy/M,  &  ful  credence  ;  5336 

ffor  heryng  shal,  w^it/i-oute  slouthe, 
it  will  teach     Tcche  to  the,  the  pleyne  trouthe, 

you  the  plain  '  i      J 

truth.  I'yght  as  yt  ys,  ne  doute  yt  nouht. 

'  And  conceyue  wel  in  thy  thoulit,  5340 

Thys  releff  (yiff  thow  kanst  take  hede,) 

Ys  pleynly  nother  wyn  nor  bred', 
Bread  and       ]^)ut  the  flessh  (yiff  feyth  to  nie.) 

wine  are  the  ^ 

very  Hesii        That  heng  vp-on  the  roode  tre,  5344 

anil  blouil  ot  ^^      j. 

ciirist,  And,  l)y  force  &  verray  strengtlie, 

[leaf  80]       On  the  croos  was  drawe  alengtlie, 

fful  streyhtly  nayled  on  the  rood  ; 

And  thys  ys  ek  the  verray  blood,  5348 

On  goode  ft'ryday  that  he  shadde, 

Whan  lewes  to  the  deth  \i^m  ladde, 

Wher-off  he  was  steyned  reed.  5351 

H  Thow  mayst  also  call  yt-  bred,     [2caiieyt  St.,  caiiydc] 

Thys  same  releff,  (wit/;-oute  stryff,) 

The  verray  sothfast  bred  off  lyff. 
which  Wych  susteneth  (I  the  ensnre,) 

iiiiurisli  the 

whole  world.    Al  the  world  wit/t  liys  pasture,  5356 

And  yiveth  to  hem  in  substauwce  [stowc,  leaf  uv,  back] 
Verrayly  ther  sustenaiuice. 
^\  And  ek  also  (thys  myn  vsage, 

Ther-oft'  to  han  thys  language,  5360 

Looke  thow  take  good  heed  ther-to,) 
I  calle  yt  bred,  &  name  yt  so  ;         "'cXSmr  "^^ 

It  was  sent        Wych,  for  ma?«hys''  SavaC10U?i,  pimimiesSt.] 

to  feed  man.     ft'ro  the  licuenc  kam  a-doun,  5364 

To  ffede  man  her  verrayly. 


Charity  soivd  the  Heaven-brought  seed  of  Christ  on  Earth.  141 


'  Yt  ys  the  bred,  ek,  trewly 
Wher-wzt/<  Aiuigelys  fedde  ybe 
In  that  hevenly  souereyw  se. 
Thys  bred,  pylgrymes  eue^ychon, 
On  pylgrymage,  (wher  they  gon,) 
Or  wher-so-euere  that  they  were, 
In  ther  sherpe^  they  shold  yt  here.        [i  Seryppc  st. 

'  And  thogh  that  thow  (as  senipte  the,) 
Sey  yt  but  lyte  of  qua7ityte, 
I  charge  the,  her  a-noon  ryht, 
Trust  in  no  wyse  to  thy  syht, 
Nor  to  thyn  Eyen,  wych  ar  blyiide ; 
15ut  liaue  ahvay  wel  tliy  mynde 
To  thyn  heryng  ;  &  ther  only 
Tak  thy  doctryne  fynally  ; 
l¥or,  l)y  heryng  thow  shalt  lere 
A  thyng  that  I  shal  the  tellyn  here  :  [st.  &  c. 

'  My  frend,  take  good  hed,  &  se.  ,, 

Thow  herdest  late  Charyte  „ 

Maken  to  the  a  good  sarmouw,  „ 

Eut  (as  in  conclus'ioiwi,) 
Thys  lady  (yiff  thow  took  good  hed,) 
Spak  but  lytel  off  thys  bred 
In  hyr  sarmou«  (thus  stood  the  caas) ;       [Stowe,  le; 
And  pleynly,  thys  the  cause  was  ; 
ffor  she  hyr-sylff  the  menys  souhte, 
That  she  the  greyn  from  heveue  brouhte, 
And  made  yt  in  the  erthe  lowe 
Her  be-nethe  to  be  sowe  ; 
I'.ut  that  erthe,  (be  wel  certeyn,) 
Wher  as  sowe  was  thys  greyn, 
Was  nat  labouryd  (trust  me  wel,) 
Mor  yheryd  neue?'adel ; 
Vnderstonde  yt,  yiff  thow  korme. 
ffor,  by  hete  off  the  so?ine, 
That  shyneth  fro  the  heuene  A-lofTte 
With  hys  attempre  bemys  sofl'te, 
And  the  hevenly  dewh  most  clene, 
'With  hys  syluer  dropys  shene, 
(The  wyche-  doth  no  thyng  in  veyn,)     p  whuiif  st. 


53G8 


]  5372 


5376 


5380 


Angels 
feed  on  it  in 
heaven. 


The  food 
seemed  111  tie 
in  quantity, 
but  your 
siglit  de- 
ceived you.' 


5384 


5388 

if  !)3] 


5392 


5396 


)400 


5404 

wycli  C] 


[leafSO.lj.icliJ 


[Cap.  Ixxiv, 

pi-ose.J 
[Camb.,  p,  t:;] 


Cliarity 
preaclied  but 
little  of  this 
bread. 


She  brought 
the  grain 
from  lieaven, 
and  sowed  it 
in  earth. 


The  sini  and 
the  dew  made 
it  spring. 


142     The  Grain  of  Cltrist  'was  cut,  riiilld,  and  baked. 


Grace  Dieu. 

Wlieii  ripe  it 
was  cut  anil 
ganicrcil. 


Then  it  was 
tlireslu'il  and 
uleuned. 


[leaf  81] 


anil  brouslit 
tu  the  mill 
and  ground. 


Tlu^  mill 
was  turned 
by  the  winds 
of  envy. 


The  stones 
were  scorn 
and  derision. 


[Stowe,  leaf  08,  back] 
['  AUe  made  St.] 

[•■' ulde  St.,  old  C]    5420 


Oharity  made 
the  flour  nilo 
bread, 


'Made  to  groAven  vj)  thys  gi'eyii, 
Tyl  yt  was  rype  &  ful  off  corn. 

'Than  Chary te  yt  hath  vp  shorn,  5408 

And  in  a  place  wonder  strau7«ge 
She  made  yt  leyn  vp  in  liyr  grau?<ge, 
Tyl  tlie  thressherys  (wt't/i  gret  hctc) 
Hadde  thys  greyn  ythrysshe  &  beto  ;  5412 

And  after  fannyd  yt  so  clene 
That  ther  was  no  chaff  ysene, 
And  the  strawh  yleyd  a-syde  ; 

tt'or  ther  ne  myghte  nat  a-byde  5416 

Husk  nor  chaff,  but  puryd  greyn, 
Nor,  no  thyng  that  was  in  veyn, 
Al  niad^  nakyd  off  entent. 
Out  off  hys  olde^  vestenient. 

'  And  whan  yt  was  so  ffer  ywrouht, 
Thys  greyn  was  to  the  melle  brouht, 
And  grounde  ther  with  ful  gret  peyne  5423 

A-twyxe  the  harde^  stonys  tweyne.     p  harde  st.,  hard  c] 
And  yiff  I  shal  the  sothe'*  telle,       [*  sotue  St.,  »oth  c] 
The  seyl-yerdys  off  the  melle, 
Wycli  tournede  aboute?^  oft'te, 
Wer  clad  in  cloth  that  was  not  soffte.  5428 

'Tys^  melle  ek  (yiff  thow  canst  espye,)     [■'TUisSt.] 
AVyth  false  wyndiis  off'  envye, 
(Wher  as  yt  stood  vp-on  the  gro?<iKk',) 
Tournede  euere  abouto  Round  ;  5432 

And  the  Grynstonys  (that  I  oft'  spak) 
I\[ad  ful  hardo  for  tlie  wrak. 
Wer  stonys  off'  derysi'ouj^s  ; 

Off  skorn,  &  fals  illusiou>?s,  5436 

The  wych  two  (who  lean  aduerte) 
Perceden  ful  nyh  the  herte. 

'  And  whan  no  thyng  was  lelft  at  al, 
l]ut  that  yt  was  ygrou»de  smal,  5440 

Charyte  gan  iieyhen  ner, 
And  wolde  be-coinc  a  pasteler, 
Lych  a  baker,  (yt  ys  no  drede,) 

Off'  that  flour  to  make  her  bred.  5444 

And  liyr  Ovene  was  of  old 


Imt  not  witli' 
out  tioublf. 


So  she 
souglit  .-lid 
of  VVisddin, 


Window  hd'pt  Charity  to  make  Bread  that  fed  the  World.  143 

'  Verray  hote,  (&  no-thyng  cold,)  Grace  pic,,. 

Wher-as  slie  caste  liyr  foi'  to  bake. 

'And  whan  she  gan  hyr  past  to  make,  5448 

Al  tournede  nat  vn-to  hyr  pay, 
Wlier-off  she  hadde  no  desmay. 

Off  thylkc  past  wych  that  she  wrouhte.      [stowe,  leat  nu] 
&  A-noon  slie  hyr  be-thouhte  5452 

(Among,  in  aU  her  be^^ynesse,)        [>  Amonge  /  alio  St.] 
Off  on  that  was  a  gret  maystresse, 
So  sotyle  off  dyscrecyou« 
Was  nouther  founde  in  borgh  nor  town  ;  545G    [leafsi.bucU] 

ffor  wliat  men  thouhte,  or  wolde  liaue  don, 
She  koude  yt  brynge  about  a-noon  :  [st.&c] 

Lernyd^  she  hadde,  in  hyr  contre,  [2stn«-e] 

At  scolys^  ther  she  hadde  be. 
Thogh  al  hyr  ko7inyng  wer  nat  wyst, 
She  koude  haue  mad,  yiff  that  hyr  lyst, 
Al  the  world  so  large  &  Roiu?,d', 
And  al  the  co?wpas  off  the  grou?id'', 
ti'or  tashet*^  &  closyd  al 
W/tA-Inne  a  sotyl  boyst,  but  smal ; 
And  off  An  Ey  wzt/^-Inne  the  shelle, 
She  koude  also  (I  dar  wel  telle,) 
Ha  put  an  Oxe  strong  &  large  ] 
tfor  yt  was,  no  manor  charge 
To  hyr  gret  magnyfycence  ; 
And  hyr  name  was  Sapience. 

'  And,  for  hyr  gret  sotyllyte, 
Thys  lady,  callyd  Charyte, 
Prayede  hyr,  off  goodlyhed, 
ffor  to  hclpe-*  make  tliys  bred 
Off  the  ffiour  wych  that  slie  biouhtc  ; 
And  also  lowly  hyr  be-soulite 
To  tempre  the  past  so  sotylly. 
That  yt  myghte  fynally, 

Off  Eesemblau??ce  be  ])ut  smal  ;      [stowe,  leaiim,  hnii] 
And  that  yt  myghte  suffyse  at  al 
(By  vertu,  verrayly  in  dede) 
Al  thys  worlde  to  fostre  i^  fede, 
That  ech,  off  lowh  &  hih  degre, 


[3  to  liavL'  MliutJ 


5460 


5464 


5468 


5472 


[Hielpeii  St.]    5476 


5480 


5484 


w)io  could 
work  mar- 
vels. 


She  would 
put  the  world 
into  a  box, 


or  m\  ox  iiiti 
an  egf>;nliell. 


Cliarity 
prayed  her 

to  kneail  the 
douKh, 


and  that  the 
broad  uiiKht 
toed  the 
world. 


144     Wisdom  and  Charity  made  the  Bread  of  Christ's  B(xly. 


[Cap.  Ixxv, 
prose.J 


[leaf  82] 
Charity  made 
liei*  requost  to 
Wisdom, 


wlio  prepared 
the  bread  as 
desired. 


TliouRli  it 
appeared 
liMle  there 
WHS  imicli ; 


and  in  every 
part  was  tlie 
virtnc  ol  tlie 
whole ; 


at  wliich 
Nature  was 
aijain  ansry. 


'  May,  off  lytel,  ha  plente. 

'  And  foi  tliys  cause  rylit  a-nuuu 
Dame  Charyte  ys  forth  gon 
Vii-to  thys  lady  Sapience  ; 
And  w^t/^  humble  Reut'rence, 
As  she  sat  in  hyr  Eoyal  Se, 
Lowly,  thys  lady  Charyte 
Prayede  hyr  good  heed  to  take, 
To  heipe  that  thys  bred  wer  bake. 
i\nd  she  goodly,  and  that  a-noon, 
If  orth  w^■t^  Sapience  ys  gon  ; 
And,  as  she  koude  best  deuyse, 
Temprede  yt  in  swych  a^  wyse, 
Made  yt  gret  wzt/<-oute  mesure, 
To  yive  al  folkys  ther  pasture, 
Suifycyent  to  feden  al, 
Thogh  to  thy  syht  yt  was  but  smal 
Outward,  as  in  r^semblau^ce. 
Yet,  by  souereyn  sulfysau/2ce, 
Closyd  in  a  lytel  space, 
Ther  was  so  gret  plente  of  grace 
To  al  the  world,  in  habondau/^ce, 
Ther-in  to  fynde  suffysauwce. 

'  Tak  heed,  &  be  nat  neclygent 
Off  a-nother  expcrymcnt 
That  ther  was  wrouht ;  tak  ek 
In  the  makyng  off  thys  bred, 
Yt  was  y wrouht  so  sotylly 
That  in  euery  smal  party, 
Severyd  and  ybroke  asou?«der, 
And  departyd  her  &  yonder, 
Grettest  &  smal,  Eekne  echon 
Wer  lych  off  vertu,  &  al^  on  ; 
Oil'  0  power  &  0  manere 
As  whan  yt  was  hool  and  entere. 
The  wyche'^  thyng  (I  the  ensure,) 
Yplesede*  nat  to  dame  Nature; 
ffor  she  was  wroth  therfor  wit/i  me, 
And  ther-on  wolde  ha  vengyd  be. 
She  knew  ther-off  no  thyng  at  al, 


5i88 


5492 


549G 


[1  swiche  St.] 


ood  hcde, 

[Stiiwe 


5500 


5504 


5508 


leaf  100]    5512 


5516 


[2  alle  in  St.] 


5520 

[■'  whichf  St.,  wych  C] 
[»  ricsede  St.] 

5524 


Aristotle  is  sent  hy  Nature  to  reproach  Sapience. 


145 


'  Ifor  yt  was  hydde  in  especyal 

Urom  liyr  knowyng  eue/'ytlel. 

And  also  ek,  ye  wyte  wel,  5528 

Offte  sythe  Ryot  &  age 

Puttii  folkys  in  dotage,  [c  &  st.] 

That  they  may  not  trouthe  se.  „ 

And  for  she  doutede  hyr  off  me  ,,       5532 

To  be  blamyd  in  certeyn,  „ 

Yiff  so  were  she  kome  a-geyn, 

Or  put  a-bak  fro  hyr  entent, 

Ther-fore  she  hath  hyr  clerk  now  sent,  553G 

Arystotyles  the  wyse, 

In  dyffence  off  hyr  fraimchyse, 

To  thys  lady  Sapyence. 

*  And  whan  he  kam  to  hyr  presence^  5540 
As  hym  thouhte  fyrst  was  due, 

Goodly  he  gan  hyr  to  salue  ; 

Affter,  demeur  &  sad  off  chere,     [stowe,  leaf  loo,  back] 

To  hyre  he  sayde  in  thys  manere  :  5544 

[6  lines  hlanl-  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
Arystotyles  dyde  hys  massage  in  thys  manere  ; 

'  Ma  dame,'  (\uod  he,  '  in-to  thys  place, 

Vnder  support  off  your  grace. 

Nature  hath  me  hyder  sent, 

To  declare  yow  (off  entent)  5548 

Your  dyffautes,  by  &  by  ; 

And  to  shewe  the  cause  why 

Off  my  komyng,  ys^  thys,  that  ye  ['  inst.] 

Han  to-brook  (as  semeth  me)  5552 

Off  nature  the  ordynaujice, 

And  don^  to  hyre  gret  grevaunce,     [^  done  St.,  don  c] 

Wych  pleseth  me  neueradel, 

Al  be  yt  so,  I  love  yoAV  wel.  5556 

'  Ye  knowe  (off  your  dyscrecyouw, 

Off  trouthe  ek,  yt  ys  no  Eesoure, 

Who  so  cleerly  looke  &  wel,) 

That  an  hous  or  a  vessel  5560 

Sholde  be  lasse,  &  her  ygynne,^  [c.  &  St.] 

*  Camb.  MS.  reads  :    It  is  no  resoun  that  the  vessel  or  the 
hous  be  lasse  thau  that  that  is  ther-inne,  p.  44. 

PILGRIMAGE.  L 


Grace  Dim. 


[leaf  82,  back] 

Ai;e  brings 
in  dotage. 


Aristotle  is 
sent  by 
Nature  to 
Wisdom, 


and  argues 
thus: 


[Cap.  Ixxvi, 

prose.] 


'Nature  lias 
sent  me  to 
you. 


to  declare 
that  you  have 
broken  her 
ordinance. 


'    [leaf  8:5] 


14G     Aristotle  reproaches  Sa'picnee  for  ill-treating  Nature. 


Grace  Dieu 

reportg 

Aristotle, 

It  is  contrary 
to  reason  to 
Bay  a  house  is 
less  tlian  that 
contained  in 
tlie  house. 
If  I  shouUl 
prove  a  pahice 
to  be  a  little 
turret, 


the  wise 
would  say 
I  u-as  »;uilty 
of  sopliistry ; 


[Cap.  Ixxvii] 

and  you  have 
done  us  ill,  if 
you  maintain 


that  wliicli 
lieaven  can- 
not contain 


can  be  held 
in  the  liand, 
if  there  were 
fourteen  of 
them ! 


Tins  I  cannot 
allow. 


[leaf  S3,  back] 


'  Than  that  thyng  wych  ys  wit/<-Iiine. 

And  yiff  I  made  to  your  entent, 

By  dpparence  off  Argument, 

As  thus,  that  I  wolde  preve, 

(If or  to  makci  folk  be-leve,) 

That  a  paleys  huge  &  large. 

Or  A  menstre  off  gret^  charge. 

That  yt  wer  but  A  Turneys  smal. 

Clerkys  wolde  (iu  especyal) 

kSeyn  yt  wer  but  mekerye,^ 

Or  A  maner  sophystrye, 

Shewyd,  as  yt  wer  for  game ; 

And  ye  your  sylft"  ha  do  the  same. 

(Yiff  ye  lyst  to  be  avysed,) 

In  thys  bred  wych  ys  desguysed  ; 

ffor  the  foode  &  the  pasture, 

That  ys  w^'t/anne  (as  ye  assure,) 

Gyveth  ful  repast  spyrytuai 

To  al  the  world  in  general, 

So  ffer  the  vertu  doth  extende  ; 

And  yet,  that  thyng  to  co?Hpreheiide, 

Al  the  erthe,  in  no  wyse, 

Nor  the  hevene,  mowh  nat  suffyse, 

That  thyng  ye  (in  especyal) 

Han  closyd  in  a  cloystre  smal, 

"Who  kan  mesure  yt,  or  co???passe, 

And  shet  yt  in  a  lytel  space  % 

And  swych  .xiiij.''  (on  see  or  land') 

I  myghte  wel  holden  in  rayn  hand  ! 

I  trowe  your  sylff  kan  nat  sey  nay ; 

And  for  no  fauour  I  ne  may 

Suffre  no  lenger  (in  certcyn,) 

But  that  I  muste  yow  wzt//-seyn, 

And  declare,  wlier  as  ye  ffaylle, 

(^  And  yt  ys  no  grete  merveyllc, 

Who-so  lyst  goode  heed'  to  take) 

Thogli  nature  dyde  awake, 


5564 


[Stowe,  leaf  101] 


[igreSt.]    5568 


[*  Mokerye  St.] 


5572 


5576 


5580 


5584 


5588 


5592 


[Stowe,  Icafini,  back] 

[C.  &  St.] 


5596 


^  Camb.  MS.  reads :  This  may  j  iioulit  wel  siiiTic,  no  rcsmin 
may  not  weel  jirceve  it,  ne  it  is  not  riht  t^ret  wuuder  tliouli 
Nature  merveile  hire,  p.  45. 


Aristotle  reproaches  Sapienec.     She  answers  him. 


U7 


'  And  ther-vpon  gaff  yow  an  liete,  [c.  &  St.] 

Yow  to  w^'t7^-stonde  &  conterpleto,  ,,       5G00 

Touchyng  liyr  ryht  in  specyal. 

'  And  thys  greneth  me  most  at^  al,  ['  offst.] 

That  my  Maxirae  ^pryved,^  P  appiovyd  st.] 

Ye  in  dede  han  yt  reprevyd  ;  5G04 

And  (to  speke  in  wordy s  plej^n,) 
Neue?'e  in  my  lylf  herde  I  seyn — 
In-no  scolys,  her  nor  there, — 

Bnt  that  "  on  al "  (what  euere  yt  were,)  5008 

I^Tot^  be  gretter  than  hys  party.  ^'""'[1"m™  ">^;"yot  c" '''''''''' 
But  ye*  han  makyd  wrongfully,  [+  y  st.j 

(I  wot  nat  by  what^  mane/-  scole,)     [=  wimt  st.,  no  c] 
The  part  Egal  to  the  lioole, 
W/t/i-outen  any  difference ! 
Wych  I  holde  a  gret  offence 
Ageyn  nature,  in  verray  soth. 
And  no  wonder  thogh  she  be  wroth, 
And  laboure  for  Amendcment. 
And  for  thys  skyle  slie  hath  me  sent 
To  your  presence,  only  to  here 
"What  ye  wyl  seyn  in  thys  matere.' 

Sapyence  answerde. 
A-noon  thys  lady  vSapience. 
(Whan  she  hadde  herde''  in  sentence 
The  wordys  of  Arystotyles) 
She  stynte  a  whyle,  (^  was  in  pes. 
But  at  the  lastii  she  abreyde. 
And  vn-to  hjm  ryht  thus  she  seyde  : 
'My  frend,'  iiuod  she,  '  I  do  wel  se 
Olf  trowthe  that  thow  lovest  me, 
And  dost  me  calle,  off  herte  entere, 
"  Thyn  oune  souereyn  lady  dere  ;  " 
"In  wych  thow  hast  ylost  no  thyng  [c. &st.] 

But  yfou?ide  ful  grete  Fortheryng.  ,,       5632 

Wherfor  thow  shuldest,  lyke  the  wyse,  „ 


5612 


5C16 


5620 

[Stowe,  Icfif  in2] 

[6  herd  C,  licvcie  St.] 

5624 


5628 


Grace  Dieu 

report)! 

Aristotle. 


You  liave 
ilisputi-d 
my  in;ixiin, 


and  assevt 
that  tlie  part 
is  equal  to 
the  whole. 


Nature  de- 
mands to 
know  what 
you  have  to 
say  for  your- 
self?' 
[Cap.  Ixxviii] 


Wisdom 
answered : 
'  I  know  you 
love  me, 


[leaf  84] 


^  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  Thou  louo.st  me,  and  ther-inne  thou  hast 
no  thing  lost ;  For  therbi  is  al  good  bifalle  thee.  Wel  thou 
shuldest  avise  thee,  if  thow  woldest,  and  bithinke  thee  that 
tweyne  scooles  j  heeld,  kc,  p.  45. 


148     Sapience  ansivers  Aristotle :  She  taugld  Nature. 


Grace.  Diev, 

reports 

Supience. 

and  it  is  good 
for  you  that 
you  do. 


I  liad  two 
Srliools  in 
wliicli  I 
tauglit  many 
tilings. 


and  in  one  of 
them  Nature 
was  my  cliief 
scliolar. 


I  taught  her 
to  make  all 
violets,  roses, 
and  Bowers. 


In  my  other 
school  I 
taught  tlie 
art  of  reason- 
ing, 


[leaf  81,  back] 

.and  how  to 
make  canon 
and  other 
laws. 


'  Prudeently  thy-sylff  avyse,  [c.  &  st.j 

Thynke  aforn,  &  ek  beholde,  ,, 

How  that  whylom  I  dydile  holde  ,,       5636 

Two  scolys  off  f  ul  gret  Renouw ;  „ 

And  bothen  (in  conclu.siou/?,) 

Wer  vnder  my  gouernau^^ce. 

And  the,  in  ko?myng  to  avau?zce,  5640 

I  tauhte  many  thynges  newe — 

Record  thy  sylif  yiff  thow  be  trewe. — 

And  (to  speke  in  wordys  fewe,) 

Grete  merveille.s  dide  shewe.  5G44 

And  in  on  off  thys  scolys  tweyne, 

My  scoler  moste^  souereyn,  [>  moste  St.,  must  C] 

ffyrst  of  echon  (I  the  ensure,) 

Was  liyr-sylflf,  dame  Nature,  5648 

'  And  as  thy-sylff  fi;l  wel  yt  knewe, 
I  taulite  hyr  many  thynges  newe  ; 
ffyrst,  by  Crafft  off  hyr  werkynge 
To  make  the  fresshe  flourys  s^jrynge, 
Buddys,  greyns,  &  flourettys, 
The  flour  delys,  the  violettys, 
The  rosys  also,  fresshe  off  hewe. 
And  many  other  craftys  newe, 
As  men  may  se  (who  taketh  hede,) 
Wych  to  reherse,  yt  ys  no  nede, 
I  tauhte  hyr  al,  &  thyngiis  mo. 

'  And  in  my  other  scole  also,  5660 

Wych,  thy  sylff  lyst  to  sue, 
I  tauhte  folkys  to  argue 

Pro  &  2  contra,  yong  &  olde,  [=  ana  St.] 

And  wych  wey  they  sholden  holde  5664 

To  preven  out  the  sothfastnesse 
Off  every  thyng,  fro  the  falsnesse  ; 
Betwyxen  good  &  evel  dyscerne. 

^And  I  maade  ek  (who  kan  conccrne)         [c.  &st.]  5668 
Lawes  off  Cy  vile  and  Canon  ;  „ 

And  ther,  (in  myn  Entenczon)  „ 


[Stowe,  leaf  10-2,  back] 

5652 


5656 


^  Camb.  MS.  read.s  :  And  to  make  canoun  and  lawc,  For 
therfoie  was  tliilkc  scoole  onleyned  ;  And  tlier  was  my  wise 
douhter  .science,  p.  46. 


Sapience's  Daughter,  Science,  taught  Aristotle. 


149 


[c.  &  St.] 


No<a  c|7(o(l  Pci- 
etici;i  est  Filia 
Sapifiicic. 

St.,  om.  C. 


'  Myn  eldest  doubter,  moste  Entere, 

Ther  I  sette,  folk  ^  to  lere,         [•  ffoikys  st.] 

Wych  that  callyd  ys  "  Syence," 

Sotylle,  and  off  gret  excellence  ; 

And  ther  she  helde  hyr  parlementys, 

And  formede  many  argumentys, 

As  she  that  was  deuoyde  off  sloutlic. 

ffor  loue  off  whom  (thys  the  trouthe,) 

Thow  kam  to  skole ;  &  for  hyr  sake 

Nyht  &  day  thow  dydest  wake, 

Tyl,  for  thyn  owne  Avau7^tage 

Ye  wer  coniunat^  by  maryage,   [2  loniunctt  st,]  [stowe,  leaf  ins] 

Wherby  I  made  the  so  wys, 

That  thow  be-kam  myw  aprentys. 

And  thanne,  off  gret  affeccyoim, 

I  made  reuelaciouw 

To  the,  Amongys  my  werkynges 

Off  naturys  secre  thynges  ; 

To  knowe  the  clere  fro  the  derke  ; 

Nat  that  thy  syluen  sholdest  werke 

No  thyng  that  longeth  to  hyr  art, 

But  that  thow  sholdest  (for  thy  part) 

The  causes  knowen  by  &  by, 

And  ther-on  demene^  fynally 

The  trouthe  pleynly,  &  no  more. 

'  And  for  that  skyle  gon  ful  yore, 
In  guerdon  of  thy  gret  labour, 
I  callede  the  my  "  paramour." 
And  syth  thow  hast,  vnder  my  cure, 
Dwellyd  so  longe  with  Nature, 
And  seyn  so  many  fayre  thynges. 
And  so  many  vnkouth  werkynges 
Wz't/i-Inne  my  scole,  of  gret  fauour, 
^Thogh  thow  seye  in  me  Errour, 
Thow  sholdest,  off  thy  Curtesy,  „ 

ffor-bere  me  more  pacyently,  ,, 

Yiff  thow  lovedest,  and  wer  kynde.  ,, 

■*  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  And  whan  thow  and  nature  thus  hauen 
ben  vnder  my  cure,  that  han  Icrned  in  my  scooles  hot  he  faire 
dedes  and  faire  woordes,  thouh  ye  seyen  me  uowerre,  yit  ye 
shulden  forbere  me,  p.  46. 


5672 


5676 


5G80 


5684 


5688 


5692 


P  demeii  St.] 


5696 


5700 


Criirr  Dim 

reportr 

Sapience. 

Mydaughler 

Scieiiee 
taufjlit  in 
this  school. 


I  revealed 
many  seciets 
to  you, 


and  at  la.st 
took  you  as 
my  friend. 


[Cap.  Ixxix] 

And  since 
you  and 
Nature  lived 
so  long  under 
my  care. 


[C.&.St.]    5704         [leaf 85] 


do  not  be 
liarsh. 


150         Sajnence  didnt  teach  Aristotle  all  she  l:ne%v. 


Grace  Dieii 

reports 

Sapience. 


Remember 
tlie  champion 
wlio  taught 
a  poor  man 
how  to  lialit. 


Afterwards 
tliey  met  in 
tislit. 


when  tlie 
champion, 
by  a  trick 
which  lie  liad 
not  told  the 
poor  man, 


[UnUSr>,haclv] 


'  And  thow  slioldest  haue  in  mynile,  [c.  &st.]  5708 

And  reuiewibren  (off  good  Eesou??,)  ,, 

How  onys  a  myglity  chainpyou«,  ,, 

That  koude  the  crafft  off  fyhtyng  wel, 

Tauhte  hys  koraiyng  euerydel  5712 

To  a  poore  man  hym  besyde,  [stowe,  leaf  los,  back] 

And  lyst  ther-off  no  thyng^  to  hydc  ;   ['nothyns/ theroffst.] 

And  for  hys  mede  he  took  no  thyng, 

Off  curteysye,  for  hys  kormyng.  57 IG 

'  But  affterward,  tlie  case  stood  so 
That  thoy  sholde  hothc  two, — 
At  Requeste  off  dukys  tweyne, 

A  cevteryn  quarll  to  dareyne, —  5720 

Mete  in  a  feld  :  &  so  they  mette  ; 
And  as  they  gan  vp-on  to  sette, 
Enerych  other  to  assaylle, 

He  that  was  wysest  in  batnylle,  5724 

Off  wysdam  &  dyscrocyou?^, — • 
I  mene  the  maister  Chani]iyouTO, 
That  was  avysee,  &  mor  wys — 

Sayde  A-noon  to  hys  prentys,  5728 

"  Yt  ys  no  ryht,  wher-for  I  pleyne, 
On,  to  fyhte  ageyns  tweyne. 
Ye  be  tweyne,  I  am  but  On." 

And  Thaprentys  tha^nie  Anoon,  5732 

As  he  Ijakward  cast  hys  look, 
The  tother  Eaulite  h.yiit  swych  a  strook 
That  he  fyl  ded,  &  al  was  done  : 

And  thanne  the  mayster  sayde  Anoon,  5736 

"  My  prentys  hath  nat  lernyd  al, 
ffor  I  kepte-  in  especyal  pkepcst.] 

^A  poynt,  tyl  that  I  liadde  nede."  [stowe] 

'And  thus,  yift"  tliuw  kanst  taken  hcde,'      „        5740 
(Quod  this  Lady  Sapience)  ,, 

'  I  taughte  neuero  al  my  Science  &  st.] 

To  the,  as  I  reherse  shal.  „ 

What,  wenystow  to  knowen  al?  ,,       57-14 


•*  Camb.  MS.  reads  :  It  is  euele  liifalle  tlicM!  to  day,  whan  tliou 
come  ayens  me.  So  j  sey  thee,  So  god  save  thee  weciiost  thou 
that  j  haue  tauht  thee  now  al  my  wit  and  al  myji  art,  p.  46. 


She  kept  hade  part,  about  the  Sacramental  Bread.  151 


'  For  vn-to  the,  nat  ne  syt  [c.  &  st.] 

ffor  to  knowen  al  my  Avyt ;       [stowe,  itaf  loi] 

Thow  dyst  yt  neuere  yet  dysseruo. 

Som-what  to  me  I  wyll  reserue,  „       5748 

To  be  mor  strong  in  bataylle, 

Lyst  thow  woldest  me  assaylle 

With  thy  sotyl  sophystrye, 

To  don  to  me  a  vyllonye  5752 

With  argumentys  off  fallaas, 

Sout  out  in  SOm  ^  mane?*  Caas,         ['  Sought  out  /  in  somme  St.] 

By  fraude  or  by  decepcyou?^ 

ffor  lakkyng  off  dyscrecyou?^.  5756 

'  But  tel  me  now  A-noon ,  I  preye, 
And  the  Trouthe  nat  geyn-seye, 
Yiff  I  gaff  a  purs  to  the, 

Eyght  fayr  &  ryche  vp-on  to  se,  5760 

And  Aventyst  forth  with-al  A-noon  ; 
And  sodeynly,  whan  thow  wer  gon, 
Par  caas  thow  fou«de  ther-in  as  blyue 
Off  gold  thre  pecys,  outher  fyve  5764 

Outher  .vj.,  Avhan  thow  hast  soulit, 
Tel  on,  as  yt  lyth  in  thy  thoulit, 
Wer  yt  deceyt  or  sophystrye, 

Or  myghtestow  off  gent(e)rye  5768 

Seyn  I  hadde  deceyved  the  1 
Answere  ageyn  ;  tel  on  !  lat  se  ! ' 

Arystotylles  ^  Answerde  :         [st.  The  pyigrym  c] 
'  Certys,'  tpo<Z  he,  '  me  lyst  nat  lye, 
Yt  were  no  maner  sophystrye,  5772 

But  A  tookne  off  gentyllesse  ;        [stowe,  leaf  loi,  back] 
And  also  (pleynly  to  expresse,) 
A  sygne  (as  I  kan  devyse,) 
Off  honour,  love,  &  gret  frau7ichyse.'  [c.  &st.]  5776 

Sapyence  speketh: 
'  Certys,'  quod  she  to  hyv^i  ryht  tho, 
*  Thys  bred  I  haue  ymadd  ryht  so, 
So  sotyl  ek,  yt  ys  no  doute, 
But  I  ha  not  shewyd  w/t/t-oute  5780 


Oracc  Dieii 
rrportu 
SiijiiPHfe  and 
Aristotle. 

So  it  is  not 
tit  that  you 
sliould  know 
all  my  arts. 


If  I  were  to 
offer  you  a 
purbe, 


and  you 
fouiiil  money 
in  it. 


should  I  have 
deceived  you? 


[leaf  80] 

No :  but  a 
token  of 
honour  and 
love. 


[Cap.  Ixxxi, 

prose.] 


-  Aristotle,  in  the  Fr.  Prose,  rightly,  and  in  Cauib.  MS.— Alihnhaui. 


152     Why  Scqnence  didn't  explain  the  Sacramental  Bread. 


Grace  Dieu 

reports 

Sapience. 

So,  witli  this 
bread ; 
I  have  not 

shown  tlie 
virtue  which 
is  within  it. 


If  I  hnd. 
men  would 
not  have 
d;iied  to  eat 
it. 


Here  is  no 
deception. 


[leaf  86,  back] 

If  [  had 
placed  witliin 
something  of 
small  value, 


you  ini^ht 
have  blamed 
nie. 

[Cap.  Ixxxii, 
prose.] 


'  The  grete  Trosour  wych  verrayly 

Ys  shet  wit//-Iiine  secrely, 

Pore  folkys  for  to  fede, 

Ay,  whan  they  ther-off  ha  nede ;  5784 

And  specyally  to  hem  that  he 

ffrendys  vn-to  cliaryte, 

"VVych  in  ther  passac^e,  nyht  &  day 

Holden  ay  the  ryhti-i  way.  ['  iiighte  St.,  ryht  c]  5788 

Alle  swych  (yt  ys  no  dred) 

Shal  be  sustenyd  w/t/i  thys  bred, 

And  haiie  ther  ful  repast  w^t7/-Inne, 

Swych  as  be  nat  infect  w?'fc7*  synne.  5792 

And  Over-mor,  (yiff  thow  take  hed,) 

Yiff  the  valu  off  thys  bred 

Were  yshewyd  al  w^t7/-oute, 

Men  sholde  nat  (yt  ys  no  doute,)  579G 

Haue  no  maner  hardynesse 

ffor  taproclie,  in  sothfastnesse  ;  [stowe,  leaf  io.i] 

But  rather,  for  verray  feere, 

Go,  seke  her  bred  ellys  where,  5800 

To  ther  siistentacioii??. 

'  But  her  ys  no  decepcyou», 
But  curteisye  &  gret  bou?«te, 

Honour  &  lyberalyte  ;  5804 

ffor,  to  speke  in  wordys  fewe, 
But  yiff  I  dyde  w^■t^-oute  shewe 
A  grete-  thyng  by  jlpparence,  [» grete  St.,  sret  c] 

The  wyche,^  as  in  existence,  [^  whiche  st.,  wych  c] 

Were  nat  witA-Inne,  (who  lyst  se,)  [c.  &st.] 

But  verray  smal  off  qua?ityte, 
Tliou  myyghtest  tlian[e]  me  repreve. 
And  by  argumentys  preve 
Ageyn  me  (in  conchisyou??) 
A  maner  off  decepcyou?*. 
And  blame  me  in  many  wyse. 

'  And  yet  to  tlie  I  shal  devyse 
Another  Answere,  wych  to  the 
Shal  suffysc,  yiff  thow  lyst  sc. 
I  Holde  yt  no  deceyt  at  al, 
Thogh  to  the  Eye  it  shewe  smal, 


5808 


5812 


5816 


5820 


Slic  asks  Aristotle  if  he's  ever  seen  a  Man's  Heart.  153 


[Stowe,  leaf  105,  bacli]    5828 


5832 


'  And  \v^■t/^-Inne  be  gret  &  large.  [c.  &  st.] 

Wher-vp-on,  her  I  the  charge  „ 

That  thow  be-leue  yt  stedefastly, 

And  put  no  doute,  but  fermely  5824 

Truste  ay  so,  off  herte  &  thoulit ; 

And  loke  thow  denye  yt  nought, 

But  her-on  feythfully  abyde. 

ffor  yiff  that  I  (on  any  syde) 

Hadde  yt  mad  in  other  wyse, 

Than  thow  a-forn  hast  herd  devyse, 

I  hadde,  thorgh  my  neclygence, 

Ther-iu  don  ful  gret  offence. 

'  But  tel  me  now  A-noon,  I  preye, 
And  sparii  nat,  platly  to  seye 
As  thow  semest  in  thys  matere, 

Wych  hast  repreuyd  me  so  here,  5836 

Off  myche-  thyng,  nat  yore  agon,      [^ mycUe  St.,  wych  c] 
Trowest  thow  answere  A-noon, 
Tliat  nat  a-cordeth  yviih  resoii?^. 

A  vessel,  hows,  or  mansiouw  5840 

May  be  lasse  (&  her  I  gynne) 
Thaw  the  thyng  that  ys  wit//-Inne. 

'  But  ffyrst  I  axe,  to  voyde  al  stryff , 
Sawh  thow  euere,  in  al  thy  lyff,  5844 

Off  manhys^  herte  the  quaj^tyte?  pmamiysst.] 

Answere  A-geyn  ;  tel  on,  lat  se  ! ' 

Arystotyles  Answereth: 
'  Certys,'  c\^uod  he,  &  that  ful  blyth, 
*  I  haue  yt  seyn  ful  offte  syth.'  5848 

Sapyence  axeth: 
'  Thanne,'  qwo-i  she,  wzt/;-oute  slouthe, 
'  Declare  to  me  the  verray  trow  the  ; 
Syth  thow  halst  thy  sylff  so  wys,        [stowe,  leaf  loo] 
How  gret  ys  yt,  to  thyn  avys.'  5852 

Arystotyles  answereth : 
'  Sothly,'  c^iiod  he,  '  I  dar  oxpresse. 
As  touchyng  the  gretnesse, 
Yt  ys  but  smal  vn-to  the  sihte ; 

ffor  ther-wzt/<-al,  vnnethe  myghte,  5856 

An  hungry  kyte  (&  do  no  wast,) 


Grace  Dieii 
reports 
Sapience  and 

Aristotle. 

You  must  be- 
lieve tirmly. 


Had  I  ddue 
otherwise. 


I  should  have 
been  bhinie- 
worthy. 

[Cap.  Ixxxiii, 
prose.] 


You  say  the 
vessel  caiiiKit 
be  less  tliau 
the  ihiiiK  it 
contains : 


[leaf  87] 
did  yon  ever 
see  the  heart 
of  man  !■' 


Yes,  often, 
said  he. 


Then  tell  me 
how  great  it 


154     Man's  smnll  Heart  is  not  satisfied  'with  iJie    World. 
Grace  Dieu      '  Thei-off  han  a  ful  ropast, 

reports 

supienee  ami   To  staiiwche  livs  liuiit'er  (for  crret  nedu.) 

Aristotle  o        \  o  ti 

'Tt Is^t^ —   ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^'^^  liy/zi-sylff  to  tfede.'  5860 

lo'feedT""''        Sapyence  axeth : 

kite.'  Quod  Sapyence  to  hym  ageyn, 

'  Than  axe  I  the  (no  tliyng  in  veyn,) 

Yiff  thow  knowe  auht,  answere  to  me, 
;  What  is         The  inward  gret  capacyte  5864 

its  inwiiru  <^  i.       ^ 

capacity  p '       Qjf  f^^  herte,  wych  ys  so  smal ; 

And  yiff  yt  myghte  (to  reknen  al,) 

Be  fully  fed  in  any  wyse ; 

Or  what  thyng  myghte  to  yt  suli'yse  5868 

To  appese  hys  gret  delyt, 

Or  stau?iche  hys  gredy  appetyt.' 
Arystotyles  answerd :  [stowe,  leaf  loc,  back] 

'  Certys,'  quod  Aristotiles, 

'  I  dar  afferme  dou teles,  5872 

Ther  ys  no  thyng  that  I  kan  se, 
'Nothing  can   That  may  Gyve  ful  sawlli 

satisty  it."  "^        "^ 

(Who  that  wysely  kan  aduerte,) 

li'or  to  stauMche  a  gredy  herte,^  5876 

[leaf  87,  back]     Nat  alle  the  WOrld,   yt  to  f  ulfyl,      [Stowc,  leaf  KIC,  back] 

Thogh  yt  were  hooly  at  hys  vvyl.'  [stowc] 

Sapience  argueth :  „ 

Thanrie  her-vp-on  /  ci^tod  Sapience,  ,, 

'It  lias  been     '  Yt  helioueth  ill  sentence,  [st.  &c.]  5880 

said 

That  the  I'ulfyllyng  in  substau;?ce  „ 

To  the  fulle  haue  suffysau/^ce  ;  „ 

( )r  ellys  yt  mot  nedys  be  ,, 

That  the  wlgar  auctoryte,  ,,       5884 

Wych  for  tliy  party  thow  hast  leyd,  ,, 

Prevyd  by  argument  &  seyd,  ,, 

that  no  place    In  al  tlic  world,  thow  toldest  me,  ,, 

in  the  wmld 

is  empty.'        Tlicr  may  no  place  voydii  be  ;  Non  L»t  lUuc  vacuii//i   5888 

And  yiff  that  woyde  wer  any  thyng, 
Yt  sliolde  folwe,  olf  thy  seyyng. 
That  yt  mu.stc  fulfyllcd  be  ; 

1  Camb.  MS.  read.s  :  Serteyii,  qund  lir,  lulfillc  it,  and  saulc  it, 
and  staunche  it,  milite  not  al  tliu  woilil,  tlnmli  al  at  lii.s  willc 
he  hadde  it,  y.  48. 


So  the  Thing  containd  can  be  fjrcater  tha/i  What  contains  it.  155 


'  Or  ellys  off  necessyte  5892 

Yt  muste  algatys  voyde  a-byde  : 

Thy  sentence  mc  lyst  nat  liyde.'  ^  [>  to  hyde  St.] 

Arystotyles  Answerde  :  [stowe,  icaf  ki-] 

'  Toncliyng,'  ciuod  lie,  '  that  I  ha  sayd, 
So  ye  be  nat  evele  apayd,  589G 

I  wyl  afferme  the  same  yit, 
I  wende  trewly  to  my  Avyt. 
ffor  to  speke  in  wordys  pleyn, 

That  0  gret  Good  most  souereyn  5900 

Shokle  (but  yiff  my  wyt  be  dul,) 
Make  a  thyng  ffor  to  be  fuL' 

Sapyence  speketh : 
'  ffor-soth,'  ([uod  she,  *  thow  seyst  ryht  wel, 
And  ther-in  erryst  neueradeh  5904 

]]ut  yt  behoueth  (yf  thow  kanst  se,) 
That  yt  mot  nedyes  gretter  be 
Than  al  the  world  ys  otf'  gretnesse  ; 
And  than  mot  fohven  in  sothnesse,  5908 

{Vnderstond,  &  herkne  me,) 
That  yiff  that  thyng  sholde  closyd  be  [C.  &  St.] 

W/t//-Inne  the  world,  (yt  ys  no  drede,)  ,, 

On  som  party  yt  muste  excede,  „       5912 

(I  dar  ryht  wel  the  trouth  expresse,)  „ 

Or  overgon  yt  for  gretnesse.' 


Grace  Dieii 
reports 
Siipience  and 
Aristotle. 

'  God  created 
tlie  world 
full.' 


Arystotyles 


[2  St.  adds  '  Answerd '] 


'  AikI  this  is 
truth.' 


But  must  he 
greater  thau 
the  world, 

[leaf  sy] 


and  must 
extend 
beyond  it. 


'  Certys,'  quod  he,  '  I  may  nat  wel      [Stowe,  leaf  iu7,  back] 
In  thys  \vit?i-sey  yow  neueradel.'  5916 

Sapyence  argueth : 
'  Than  her-vp-on,'  a-noon  quod  she, 
'  In  any  wyse  how  myght  yt  be, 
That  thys  world,  so  gret  in  al, 

Wit/^[in]  an  herte  that  ys  so  smal  5920 

Myghte  be  put,  or  closyd  be  1 
ffor  thanne,  off  necessyte 
Mot  nedys  folwen,  &  off  Eesou?/, 

The  hous  or  thabitaciou?*  5924 

Mot  be  lasse  (a  p/'eff  to  wynne,) 
Than  the  thyng  ypi;t  •wrt/(-In]ie. 
Wher  vp[on],  conclude  I  may 


Therefore 
the  liouae  is 
less  than 
tliat  con- 
tained in  it. 


15G 


All  Borne  and  Athens  can  he  held 


Gi'ncp  Dieii 
reports 
Sapience  and 
Aristotle. 


[Cap.  Ixxxiv, 
prose.] 

I  will  i)iove 
it  in  another 
manner. 


5928 


You  have 
seen  Home 
and  Athen.'i 
many  times? 


[leaf  88,  back] 


How  far  are 
they  apart  ? 
How  many 
students  have 
they '{ ' 


'  They  are 
large,  and 
liave  many 
students.' 


'  Where  then 
have  you  put 
all  the  great- 
ness which 
you  have 
seen? ' 


5932 


5936 


5940 


[Stowe]   5944 


'  That  al  thy  wordys  (yt  ys  no  nay,) 

Be  repreuable  foiuRlo  in  dede, 

And  verray  fals,  yitf  thow  take  hede. 

'  Also  to  the  I  shal  devy.se 
A  preff  in  a-nother  wyse, 
By  open  demonstracyoii?is. 
Hastow  nat  ben  in  thilke  tonws, 
Eome,^  and  Athenys  ek  also, 
And  soiourned  in  bothe  two, 
fful  many  a  yer  in  bothe  leyn. 
The  maner  &  the  gretnesse  seyn, 
And  be-holde  ther  gouernau?«ce  1 
Now  yiff  thow  haue  in  E6raembrau?ice 
By  cler  report  off  outher  touw,  [stowe,  leaf  los] 

Tel  me  thyn  Oppynyou??, 
What  space  of  land  they  do  contene, 
And  yifF  thy  wyth  may  eke  sustene, 
I  charge  the  that  thow  me  telle 
What  nou»«bre  off  clcrkys  ther-in  dui-lle, 
Off  ther  estate  and  tlier  degres, 
And  the  gretnesse  of  ther  cytes.' 

Arystotyles  answerede : 
'  Certys,'  quod  he,  '  to  sey  the  sothe, 
They  be  gret  and  large  bothe, 
l-tou?Kl  off  conipas,  &  ryht  wyde, 
And  many  scolerys  ther  a-byde, 
And  many  a-nother  craffty  man, 
As  I  ful  wel  Eemembre  kan.' 

Sapience  Axeth : 
(^uod  Sapience,  'than  pray  I  the, 

0  thyng  that  thow  telle  me  ; 
Toiichyng  ther  makyng  and  byldynges. 

Yiff  thow  hast  al  thys  grete^  thynges     [^  !,'ret  c, -rete  St.] 
Reportyd  wel,  on  euery  syde, 
Wher  hastow  put  hem  to  abyde?' 

Aristotiles  answerde ;  [stowe,  leaf  los,  back] 

Quod  he,  '  with  support  off  your  grace, 

1  kan  telle  noon  other  place, 


[C.  Hi  St.] 


5948 


5952 


5956 


5960 


^  (iiece,  in  Caiub.  pio.'sc. 


in  a  Mail's  Memory ;  all  Ids  Head  in  an  Eye  or  Mirror.    157 


'  (If or  to  spoke  in  wordy s  pleyne,) 
Wher  I  ha  put  the  townys  tweyne, 
So  renomyd  &  floury nge  in  glorye, 
Saue  only  in  my  memorye ! ' 

Sapyence : 
•  Now  sothly,'  qtiod  Sapience, 
Thow  hast  shewyd  thy  sentence 
To  me  ful  pleynly  &  ryht  wel ; 
And  declaryd  yt  euerydel 
In  wordys  wyse,  &  nat  rude. 
And  her-vp-on  thow  slialt  conclude, 
(Yiff  prudently  thow  lyst  take  heed,) 
Yiff  thy  memorye  be  in  thyn  hed, 
Thow  seyst  yt  ys  in  lasse  space 
(Who  so  lyst  a-ryht  cowtpasse,) 
Than  ys  thyn  hed,  on  outher  syde,  [c.  &  st.] 

Wher  thy  Memdrye  doth  a-byde. 

*  Also  ek,  in  wordys  fewe, 
A-nother  exau?nple  I  wyl  shewe, 
Wych  I  to  the  reherse  shal 
Off  thyn  Eye  by  the  bal : 
Yiff  thow  ther-to  kanst  loke  a-iyht, 
Yt  ys  but  smal  vn-to  the^  syht. 
And  conteneth  lytle  space  ; 
And  yet  the  gretnesse  off  thy  face 
A-bydeth  there,  (yiff  thow  list  lere)     [stowc,  icuf  loa] 
Swych  as  yt  ys,  hool  &  entere 
In  Kou?Kluesse  off  that  lytle  hour. 

'  Tak  hed  also  off  A  merour, 
Or  ellys  off  a  lytel  glas. 
To  purpos  in  the  same  cas, 
Wher  thow  mayst  ek  thy  face  se 
Off  what  gretnesse  that  yt  be  ! 

'  And  yiff  thow  wylt  in  bettrc  wyse, 
Vn-to  the,  that  I  devyse 
To  assoyl  thyn  Argument 
ffynally  to  myn  entent. 
That  seyst  I  sholde  ha  falshed  the. 
And  repryved  thy  Maxime, 
Whau  I  seyde,  yiff  thow  take  heed, 


Orace  Dieu 
reportu 
5964     Suriifnre. 


'  Iiiiny 
memory ! ' 


5968 


5972 


'  Tliis  is  a 
wise  answer, 


[leaf  8'J] 


5976     fortl.e 

memory  is 
coiitaiii(!d  ill 
tlie  liead. 


5980      [Cap.  Ixxxv] 


['thy St.]  5984 


5988 


Tlie  eye  is 
small,  but  it 
can  embrace 
all  the  face ; 


5992 


5996 


60U0 


an<l  tlie  face 
can  be  seen 
ill  a  small, 
mirror. 


158     So  every  2wvt  of  tJtc  Sacramental  Bread  has  ftdl  Virtue. 


Griiafi  Oicu 

reports 
Siipience  and 
Aristotle. 

Fi'oin  tlieae 
examples 
learn  that  I 
spoke  truly. 

In  a  broken 
mirror  each 
part  retains 
tlie  virtues  of 
the  whole. 

[leaf  89,  back] 


[Cap.  Ixxxvi, 
prose.] 


Am  I  to 
unilerstand 
tliis  loailly 
or  virtually  ? 


[Cap.  Ixxxvii, 
lirose.J 

Not  locally, 
certainly. 


Some  iinder- 
stand  it 
virtually  and 
some  other- 
wise. 


*  That  cue/y  party  oil:  thys  bred 

Off  vertu,  ill  especyal, 

I  make  as  gret  as  I  do  al,  6004 

Tliogli  yt  be  broke  on  many  a  part. 

'And  tak  Exau»iple  (for  al  thyn  art) 
Off  A  merour,  fyrst  hool  at  al  : 

Thogli  yt  be  brooke  on  pecys  snial,  6008 

In  eche  part  and  quantyte 

Thow  mayst  as  wel  thy  face  se  [c.&st.] 

As  toforne,  (yiff  thou  lyst  lere)  „ 

Whan  yt  was  I'yrst  hool  and  eiitere  „       6012 

AristOtileS    Axeth:  [Stowe,  leaflOO;  om.C.J 

'Now,^  inyne  owne  lady  dere,      [» stowe,  leaf  loo,  back] 

I  pray  yow,-  (towchyng  thys  niatcre,)       [^  yow  pray  st.] 

Wycli  be  so  sutyl  in  ko/iiiyng, 

Telleth  nie,  touchyng  thys  thyng,  6016 

Vnder.stonde  ye  "  localiter," 

Or  ellys  "  virtualiter  ? " 

Lat  thys  thyngiis  ben  yset, 

To-gydre  bouwden  &  yknet  ;  6020 

In  bouwdys  closyd  so  strongly 

That  I  ther-on  may  feythfiilly 

Gyve  answere,  as  yt  ys  skylle, 

Or  close  my  mouth,  &  so  be  stylle.'  6024 

Sapience  Answereth :  [st.,  om.  c] 

'  I  vnderstonde  nat,'  (\uod  she, 
'  "  Localiter,"  as  thow  shalt  se  ; 
Thys  to  seyne,  wiili  thy  grace. 

He  occupieth  ther  no  place.  6028 

So?Mme  vnderstonde  certeynly 
That  he  ys  ther  vertuously  ;         .i.  virtualiter  st.,  om.  c. 
So?Hme  seyn  "  ymaginatiue," 

And  so??ime  "  representatiue,"  6032 

On  ther  oppynyoiiws,  as  they  dwelle. 
And  this  exau»q)lys  I  the  telle, 
To  yive  the  ful  avysement 

How  thow  mayst,  in  thyw  entent,  6036 

Conceyve,  that  halst  thy  sylff  so  wys, 
And  to  yive  the,  good  avys, 
How  a  cloystrc  off  smal  mesure 


The  Sacramental  Bread  contains  the  Greatest  Good. 


159 


'  JMay  co?«prehende  gret  pasture  j  60i0 

And',  as  gretii  thynges  set  [stowe,  leaf  no] 

111  smale  bondys  may  be  knet. 

'  And  evene  so,  yiff  thow  take  lied, 
Vnder  lyknesse  off  thys  breed.  [st.  &c.]  G044 

The  grettest  good  most  sovereyfi  „ 

Ys  ther  closyd  in  certeyn  ;  „ 

Nat  only  "  ymaginatiue," 

Nouther  "  Representatiue,"  0048 

(Vnderstond  now  wel  my  lore,) 
Nor  "  Virtualiter  "  wM-oute  more  ; 
But  tlier  yt  ys^  put  sothfastly,  ['  y«yt  St.] 

(Yiff  thow  lyst  lerne  ffeythfully,)  G052 

Botheu  "  Corporaliter  " 
And  also  ek  "  Realiter  ;  " 
]^otlie  "  Presencialiter  " 

And  also  ek  "  Veraciter  ;  "  6056 

W^t7^oute  al  symulaciouw, 
Deceyt,  or  any  Ficciou« — 
And  off  thys  puttyng,  the  cause  why 
I  liaue  declaryd  in  party.  6060 

'  ffyrst,  yiff  thow  consydrest  al, 
ffor  an  herte  that  ys  smal, 
I  ha  the  bred  mad  smal  also, 

(Yiff  thow  take  good  bed  her-to.)  6064 

And  for  hys  gret  capacyte, 
The  good  that  hath  most  sovereynte, 
I  haue  ther-in  put  (certeyn) 

The  good  that  ys  most  souereyn  :  6068 

Gret  vnto  gret,  smal  vn-to  smal, 
Wycli  ys  Answeryng  in  al,  [stowc,  icat  no,  back] 

And  corespondent  by  mesure. 

ffor  affter  that  (I  the  ensure,)  6072 

That  an  herte  be  gret  or  smal, 
Ryht  so,  in  especyal, 
Answeryng,  by  mesure, 

Ryght  so  ys  made^  the  pasture  ;      i~  made  st.,  mua  c]  6076 
A  smal  herte  (tak  good'  hede,) 
ffyndeth  also  smal  the  bred. 

'  Consydre  &  se  the  mane/-  howli : 


(Ifitpp  Dieti 

tiuphi.oe. 

As  a  small 
vessel  may 
ooiitaiii  much 
tooil, 

[leaf  90] 
so,  ill  tills 
small  bread, 
is  tlie  greatest 
good. 


It  is  there 
corporally 
and  really. 


[Cp.  Ixxxviii, 
prose.] 


For  tlie  small 
heart,  I  have 
made  small 
bread, 


and  I  liavc 
threat  fur  the 
great. 


It  is  made 
to  suit  all 
capacities. 


160 


T]ic    Virtues  of  the  Sacramental  Bread. 


[leafgo,  back] 
Grace  Diea 
reports 
Haiiience. 


Every  one 
has  enough. 


Tlie  "  liouse  " 
is  less  tliau 
tlio  Rood 
(Iwi-lliiis; 
witliiii  it. 


I  oiiglit  to 
answer  iio- 
lliiut,',  unless 
at  luy  will. 


If  I  work  a 
wonder 


I  ought  not 
to  be  ini- 
peauliud. 


[leaf  yi] 


'  Yiff  he  desyre  to  hauc  ynowh,^  [C.  &st.]  6080 

He  slial  ther  ffynde  (Truste  me)  ,, 

Suffysau?^oe  to  liys  sawle,  „ 

Hyni  to  fulfylk'n  at  hys  Ese,  „ 

And  hys  desyrys  to  appese. 
And,  as  I  reherse  shal, 
Her  ys  noon  offence  at  al, 
!Nouther  vn-to  yonc,'  nor  old. 

'  And  for  thys  cause  tliat  I  ha  told, 
The  hous  ys  lasse,  \vit//-oute  wene, 
Than  thylke  thyng  yt  doth  contene ; 
And  lasse  (for  short  conclusTou?*,) 
Ys  the  habytacyou/i 
Than  the  good  (I  dar  wel  telle) 
Wych  witA-Inne  the  hows  doth  dwelle 

*  And  I  suppose  (tak  also  hed,) 
That  vn-to  the,  by  lyklyhed 
I  haddci  don,  in  my  vverkynge, 
Som  thyng  wych  wer  nat  syttynge, 
Off  wych  thow  wer  nat  plesyd  wel. 
And  ek  (to  Reknen  euerydel,) 
That  I  ha  told  the  in  substau/^ce, 
Thogh  yt  wer  nat  to  thy  plesau?/ce,        [stowe,  leaf  lu] 
I  ouhte  off  Reson,  nor  off  skyl, 
Answeryng  no-thyng  but  at  my  wyl, 
Off  ryht  nouht,  (as  semeth  me,) 
Nor  take  no  maner  hed  to-  the 
Off  no-thyng  that  thow  hast  me  souht. 

*  And,  par  cas,  yiff  I  hadde  wrouht 
Some  vnkouth  thyng  that  wer  notable 
By  A  venture,  or  pro  fy  table 
Mor  than  any  other  whyht, 
Wych  wer  merveillous  to  syht, 
I  ouhte  nat,  as  thynketh  me. 
Off  no  wyht  apecliyd  be  \ 
Consydred  how  (in  suthfastnesse) 
That  I  am  namyd  a  "  maystresse," 
Wych  ouhte  suffysen  vn-to  the  : 


6084 


6088 


6092 


6096 


6100 


6104 


6108 


6112 


[c.  &st.]  6116 


[»  heed  off  St.] 


1  Canib.  MS.  reads:  If  it  wolc  ynowli,  it  shal  CyiKli'  with-iimc 
that  that  may  aaule  it,  and  fillu  it  and  suHice  it,  p.  4'J. 


Aristotle  resolves  to  r/o  home  and  let  Wisdom  alone.     IGl 


*  Thow  gest  as  now  no  mor  of  me  :  [c.  &  st.] 

Tak  thys  now  in  especyal.  ,, 

'As  for  Answere  to  the,  fynal,  „       6120 

Lo,  her  ys  al,  in  wordy s  pleyn  : —  ,, 

Go  now,  &  retourne  home  ageyn 
To  Xature  (in  co?ickisiou?«), 

To^  mak  to  hyre  relac'iou?*,  [i  Ami  St.]  6124 

As  she  that  ys  (shortly  to  fyne,) 
A  symple  scoler  clepd  off  myne  ; 
And  also  (yifF  thow  lyst  to  lere,) 
But  off  Grace  my  chaiuKberere.  6128 

*  And  syker,  I  wyll  that  yt  be  wyst, 
I  wyl  do  what-euere  me  lyst, 
Wherso  yt  plese  outlier  greve, 

And  take  off  hyre  no  maner  leve  ;  6132 

And  don  what  eiiere  lyketh  me,    [stowe,  leaf  iii,  back] 
Only  for  loue  off  Charyte  ; 
What  eue?"e  hyre  lyst,  that  shal  be  do  : 
My  wyl  ys  that  yt  shal  be  so.  •  6136 

ffor  what-so  that  hyr  lyst  devyse, 
In  al  my  beste  ffeythfiill  wyse 
I  shal  consente  (&  tarye  nouht,) 

To  al  that  euere  she  wyl  ha  wrouht,  6140 

In  specyal  &  in  general.' 

And  whan  that  he  hadde  herknyd  al, 
Thys  Aristotile  gan  abraide. 
And  humblely  to  hyre  he  seyde  : 

Aristotle  meked  hym  selfife. 
'  Sothly,'  qiwd  he,  '  I  se  ryht  wel 
Yt  may  avaylle  neu(?/-adel 
(ffor  ouht  that  I  kan  espye,) 
Wiili  yow  to  holden  chau?«partye,- 
Or  Argue  al  the  longe  day  : 
Yt  ys  best  that  I  go  my  way. 
Do  what  yow  lyst,  ffer  or  ner,^ 
Youi-"  myght  ys  grete,  and  your  power;  „       6152 

What-so  ye  lyst,  ye  may  weH  don.'  ,, 


Grace  Dieii 

reports 

Sapience. 


'  Go  liome, 
and  tell 
Nature  all. 


I  shall  do 
.just  what  I 
please, 


and  only  for 

Charity's 

sake.' 


al, 

[Cap.  Ixx.\ix, 
piose.] 

6144 

Aristotle  says 

[in  Jii.  Stowc's  hand, 
at  side:  in  St.] 

it  is  no  good 
arguing  with 
Wisdom. 

6147 

[2  Champaitye  St.] 

[C.  &  St.] 

He'll  go 

home. 

[leat'Jl.back] 

*  Camb.  MS.  reads  :   Dooth  what  eiiere  ye  wole  ;  good  leeuc 
ye  haue,  p.  50. 

PILGRIMAGE.  M 


1(>2    /  a-sV.;  Grace  Dieu  for  tltc  Bread  from  ^foscs's  Table. 


Grace  Dieu. 

Tlieii  Aris- 
totle went, 
and  tokl 
Nature  all, 


lint  s)ie  bore 
it  with 
patience. 

[Cap.  xo, 
prose.] 
The  Pilprhn. 


Wlien  I  liaa 
lieard  this, 
J  loMfj.l  tor 
tliat  Ijrpail ; 


anil  prayl 
Grace  Dieu 


['  alle  St.] 


to  grant  mo 
tlie  bread  I 
sought. 


[Cap.  xci, 
prose.] 


[leaf  92] 

Raid  she: 
•  Vour  request 
s  reasonable ; 


6159 

[Stowe,  leani2] 
[2  vayllcde  St.] 


G1G4 


'  And  tlius  tliys  iiiayster  ys  a-gon,  [c.  ctst.] 

And  dyde  ek  ^  hys  l^ysy  cure, 

ft'or  to  tcllen  to  Nature 

Uif  hys  exployts  and  off  hys  sped. 

And  a-noon,  as  she  took  heed, 

She  gan  to  gruchen  in  hyr  thouht ; 

But  wlian  she  sawh  yt  wayllede^  nouht, 

Mor  to  niaken  resistence, 

She  suffrede  al  in  pacience.' 

Whan  Grace  Dieu  off  hj'r  bou?^te, 
Thys  tale  hadde  ytold  to  me, 
To-forn  as  ye  han  herd  devysed, 
'With  gret  dcsyr  I  was  supprysed 
In  my  thouht  &  my  corage, 
And  liungrede  for  \\\yu  avauntage, 
In  hope  tave  had  the  hettre  sped 
ft'or  to  haue  Etyn  off  that  bred. 

The  Pylgrym  prayede.  [st,,  om,  c] 

"  Ma  dame,"  <\no(l  he,  &  gan  liy»J  meke, 
"  Huniblely  I  yow  be-seke, 
j\Ie  to  granite,  to  my??,  encres. 
Off  the  Eeleff  off  ^loyses, 
My  voyded  herte  to  fulfylle, 
Wych  so  longe  (a-geyn  my  wylle. 
As  ye  wel  knowe,)  hath  voyde  be. 
And  neue?'e  ne  hadde  hys  fid  sawlee.^ 
ffor,  to  thys  tyme  neuere  yit 
I  nat  conceyvede  in  my  wyt 
Wher-w/t/?  yt  myghte  fulfylled  be  ; 
ffor  wych,  I  pray  yow,  grau??tet]i  me." 

Grace  Dieu  Answerde 
'  Certys,'  (\und  she,  '  thy  requeste, 
I  liolde  yt  ys  nat  dyshoneste  ; 
ffor  thys  bred  ys  necessary e 
To  alle  folk  wycli  lyst  nat  tarye 
In  ther  vyage,  thus  semeth  me. 
ffor,  or  thow  come  to  that  cyte 
Wliyder  thow  castcst  for  to  gon, 
r>y  many  weyes  mo  than  on, 
Thow  shalt  1)1'  troublyd  (yt  ys  no  dred) 


6156 


6168 


[■■i  sawle  St.] 


6172 


6176 


61S0 


[St.,  om.  C] 
[Stowe,  leaf  112,  back] 

6184 

[C.  &  St.] 


6188 


Grace  Dicn  2^Tomisrs  me  the  Bread,  and  Scrij)  and  Staff.     1G3 


you  will  need 
tliis  bread  on 
your  .journey. 


'  Yiff  thow  haue  nat  off  thys  bred,  G192    Grace  men. 

Al  thy  sorvves  for  tapese, 

Thow  art  lyk  to  haue  dysesse, 

And  in  thy  weye^  gret  offeuce  ;        \}  "-eye  St.,  wey  c] 

if  or  wych  thow  shalt  ha  lycence  G196 

To  take  thys  bred,  &  ek  co??ge. 

*  But  fyrst,  off  ryht  &  equyte, 
ToAvard  thys  bred  or  that  thow  drawe, 
(As  yt  ys  wry  ten  in  my  hi  we  ;)  G200 

Tliow  must  lia  fyrst,  pocessi'ou?* 
Off  a  sherpe-  &  a  bordou?*,  [^  scrippe  st.] 

As  thow  to-forn  Eequeryst  me 
In  lowly  wyse  to  grau/ite  he??«  the.  6204 

'  And  1  answerde  the  ageyn. 
And  the  be-hihte  ek  (in  certeyn,) 
That  in  my?i  hows  ther  was  plente 
Off  bothe  tweyne  :  thus  told  I  the.  6208 

And  tolde  the,  on  the  to  ther  syde. 
That  I  sholde  for  the  provyde, 
To  she  we  the,  in  my  depoos, 

Thynges  that  wer  w^t^-Inne  cloos,  6212 

Wych  I  ha  shewyd  but  to  fewe ; 
But  vn-to  the  I  shal  hem  shewe.  [stowe,  leaf  iis] 

And  so?/ime  off  hem  secrely 

I  ha  the  shewyd  in  party,  6216 

And  am  ay  redy  (as  I  tolde) 
Tliy  couenau?it'''>  for  to  holde 
Wit/;-outen  al  collusion??. 

'And  towchyng  shyrpe^  &  bordou?*,  p siuymie st.]  6220 
Tliow  shalt  liem  haue  (as  I  be-hihte)  [stowe] 

Deluyered  in  thyn  owne  sighte.  [stowe,  leaf  iis] 

And  after  that,  (yt  ys  no  drede,) 
Thow  shalt  nowe  put  ther-in  thy  bred 
Wit/(-Inne  thy  shryppe,^  as  yt  ys  ryht ; 
And  affter  that,  thow  shalt  ha  myght, 
fforth  vp-on  thy  way,  by  grace, 
As  A  pylgrym  for  to  passe. 

The  pylgryme  anSWerid  :  *       [The  Pylgrym  Answerde.  St.] 

"  ^la  dame,"  <.{uo(\  he,  wiili  gret  mekncsse, 
•*  In  Stowe's  hand. 


Hut  first  you 
must  have 
v^iur  Scrip 
iuid  Staff; 


.ind  I  will 
Kive  you 
them. 


and  show 
you  other 
wonderful 
things  in 
my  iiouse. 
[Cap.  xcii, 
prose.] 


[Stowe] 

[c.&.st.]  6224 


6228 


[leaf  92,  back] 


You  shall  put 
the  bread  in 
your  scrip.' 


[Cap.  xeiii, 
prose.] 


164     Grace  Dicn  says  she  must  put  my  Eyes  in  my  Ears. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  thank  lier. 


[Cap.  xciv, 

prose.] 

Grace  Dieu 
leads  me  to 
a  place  luU 
of  jewels, 


and  tells  me 
to  look  and 
see; 


but  that 
1  can  only 
see  my  scrip 
and  bourdon 
if  my  Eyes 
are  placed 
where  my 
Ears  are. 


Therefore  she 
will  take  out 
my  Eyes, 

[leaf  93] 

and  place 
them  in  my 
Ears. 


The  PUnrir. 


I  say  I 
would  rather 
leave  both 
scrip  and 
bourdon 


"  I  thanke  vn-to  your  worthyuesse  ; 

ifor  my  desyr  &  my  wysshynges 

Resten  fully  in  thys  thynges,  6232 

I  Avolde,  ■vv^t/?-oute  "wordys  mo, 

Have  hem  fayn,  &  ben  ago." 

Thanne  thys  lady,  off  hyr  grace, 
Laddii  me  in-to  a  place  6236 

In  wyche  (who  kau  reporte  wel) 
Was  ful  many  a  ffayr  lowel, 
Vji-on  wyche  \\\yn  Eye  I  leyde  ;    [stowe,  leaf  iis,  back] 
And  Euene  thus  to  me  she  seyde  :  6240 

Grace  dieu  spake  :      [in  Stowe's  hand.    The  stowe  MS.  has  it.] 

'  Lefft  vp  thy?i  Eye,  be-hold  &  se,^ 
And  tak  good  heed  now  vn-to  me ! 

'  ffyrst,  thys  skryppe  &  thys  bordou?^ 
Haven  thys  condycyou»,  6244 

That  thow  in  soth  may  them-  nat  se,      [=  mayst  hem  St.] 
But  yiif  so  falle,  thyw  eyen  be 
Set  ther  as  thyn  Erys  stoude. 

And  therfor  thow  shalt  vnderstonde,  6248 

Yiff  thow  hem  seye  A-noon  now  ryht 
'With  thyn  Eyen  cler  &  bryht, 
Wher  as  they  be,  now  tmste  wel 

They  sholde  the  jjlese  neuf!?'ade].  6252 

"Wherfor  I  shal  (yiff  that  I  may) 
Bothe  thyn  Eyen  take  away, 
A  nd  hem  out  off  her  place  fette  ;  [c.  &  St.] 

And  in  thyn  Erys  I  shal  he?;?  sette,  ,,       6256 

That  thow  mayst,  at  lyberte,  „ 

Skryppe  &  bordou??  bettre  se.'  ,, 

tJlQ  pylgryme  marveletbe  :  ^  [The  Pylgrym  mprveylleth.  St.] 

"  Madame,"  (^iiod  I,  "  what  lyst  ye  seyn  % 

Me  thynketh  that  ye  speke  in  veyn  : 

Ye  speke  off  thyng  that  me  wer  loth, 

And  make  myn  herte  wonder  wroth, 

And  yive  to  me  occasTou?i 

To  leue  skryppe  &  ek  bordou??, 

^  From  1.  6241  to  1.  6581  is  a  dialogue  between  Grace  Dieu 
and  the  Pilgrim  toucliing  the  five  senses,  and  as  to  the  transfer 
of  his  eyes  to  his  ears,  all  which  is  omitted  in  the  Camb.  MS. 
and  in  the  first  French  XH'ose. — Aldenhani.      ^  In  Stowe's  hand. 


6260 

[Stowe,  leaf  114] 


6264 


Grace  Dieu  explains  wliy  my  Eyes  must  go  in  my  Ears.    1G5 


"  Aiid  to  for-sake  botlie  tweyne. 

And  syker  (yiff  I  shal  nat  feyne,) 

I  hadde  leue^'e  to  do  so, 

Than  to  endure  so  gretc'^  wo,  [>  grete  St.,  gret  c]  6268 

ffor  tapere  monstruous, 

Or  shews  me-sylff  so  odius  ; 

Or  that  ye  sholde  (I  yow  ensure,) 

So  me  t/'ansforme  or  dysfygure."  6272 

grace  dieu  spake  :  '^     [^  I"  Stowe'a  hand,    it  is  in  the  Stowe  MS.] 

'  Ynderstond,'  {.[nod  she,  '  a  lyte 
In  thys  mater,  my  sylff  taquyte, 
Off  wych  I  shal  the  telle  more. 

'  Yt  ys  not  yet  ygon  ful  yore  6276 

(Yiff  thow  reme??ibre,  &  lyst  tak  hed,) 
Whan  thow  doutest  the  off  thys  bred, 
And  haddest  merveil  (ek  parde,) 

By  what  Eesou?*  yt  myghte  be,  6280 

Whan  thyn  herte  stood  in  doute 
That  so  myche  folk  aboute 
Hadde  in  thys  bred  ful  suffysau?*ce, 
And  ful  repast  to  ther  plesaunce,  6284 

That  al  thy  wyttys,  in  no  wyse 
Koude  teche  the  the  giiyse  [stowe.  leaf  ni,  bacii] 

Of  thys  vnkouthe^  pryvyte  ;  p  vnivoutbe  St.,  vnknuth  c] 


Tlie  Pi'.(jrim. 

tlian  undergo 
such  dis- 
figurement. 


Grace  Dieu 
answers  me : 


You  remem- 
ber tliat  you 
couldn't  un- 
derstand 


Iiow  so  many 
tolk  could  be 
fild  with  this 
bread. 


And,  ne  hadde  tliy  Erys  be, 

(Yiff  thow  Remembre  the  ryht  wel,) 

Thow  haddest  knowen  neui-^/'adcl. 

'  For  yiff  yt  be  a-ryht  concey ved. 
Alio  tliy  wyttys  wer  deceyved, 
And  lyede  pleyuly  vn-to  the, 
What  they  felte  or  dyde  se, 
Saue  the  trouth  (&  thus  yt  stood) 
Wz't/i  thy?j  Eryng  stylle  a-bood. 

'  Wlierfore  I  muste  (of  verray  ryht,) 
Translate  thy?i  Eyen  &  thy  syht, 
Thyder  Avher  thy?j  Erys  stonde. 
And  (as  thow  shalt  wel  vnderstonde,) 
Thy?j  Erys  muste  haue  Eyen  clere 
Taparceyve,  in  thys  matere. 
And  to  conceyven  cuez-y  thyng. 


[Stowe]    6288     [leafgs.baoli] 


[C.  &  St.] 


6292 


6296 


6300 


[C.  &St.] 


Your  senses 
deceivd  you. 


But  your 
Ear.s  told  you 
the  truth; 

therefore  I 
must  put 
your  Eyes 
into  your 
Ears, 


that  you  may 
perceive  this 
matter 
clearly ; 


166     Grace  Dicu  explains  why  my  Eyes  nmst  go  in  my  Ears. 


for  you  do 
not  see 
clearly  yet. 


Yo\i  must 
see  clearly 
before  takiiis 
Scrip  ami 
liouriioii 
out  of  my 
house; 


[leafOi] 

ami  under- 
»tand  the 
plain  truth 
of  all  that 
has  been  told 
you. 


I  will  keep 
my  promise 
to  you, 


for  I  never 
defuivdany 
man. 


I  will  not 
(lelace  or  de- 
form you. 


G304 


G308 


G312 


G315 

[Stowe,  leaf  11.")] 


G320 


'  ifor,  truste  me  we],  tlmt  l^ryng     .i.  Auditusst.,  ow.  c, 
Wei  dy.sposyd,  vciyde  of  slowtlie, 
Kan  tlie  telle  best  the  troutlie, 
In  tliyn^e.s  wycli  that  ben  dotoui^, 
Wonderful  &  nierveyllous. 

'  ffor  wych  thyng,  I  wyll  iiat  lette, 
Ther  thyn  Eyeu  for  to  sette, 
W/t//  hem  to  sharpe  nior  thy  wyt ; 
ifor  thow  seyst  nat  clerly  yit, 
As  thow  onhtest  in  thyn  niynde. 
Thow  trustest  vp-on  fourii  blynde. 
On  whom  trowynge,  (truste  me,) 
Thow  art  fill  Ijlynde,  &  mayst  nat  se 

*  But  yt  be-houeth,  that  clerl}' 
Thow  mustest  sen,  &  openly, 
Or  thow  haue  pocessiou/i 
Outlier  of  skryppe  or  off  bordou/?. 
fPor  thow  shalt  hem  nat  possede, 
Xor  bern  liem  out  (yt  ys  no  drede,) 
Out  off  niy/i  lious,  in  no  nianere, 
(Sherpe^  or  bordou??  bothe  yfere) 
Tyl  thow  knowe  (w/t/y-oute  slowthe) 
Verrayly  the  pleyne  trouthe  „ 

Oft'  al  that  hath  be  told  to  the 
Touchynge  thys  Ijred  ;  now  truste  to  me. 
And  wene  nat, — in-  no  maney  wyse,    p  in  St.,  nat  c] 
As  I  .shal  to  the  devyse, — 
Tliat  I  no-thyng  oft"  volunte 
Seye  thys  wordys  to  temptiJ  the 
A-skawnce  :  I  Avolde  A-geyns  ryht 
W/t//-drawe  that  I  ha  the  be-hyht : 
To  the,  my  promys  I  Avyl  kepe ; 
ffor  neuere,  vakyng^  nor  a-slepe, 
(As  I  ryht  wel  reherse  kan,) 
I  decoy  vcd  neueye  man 
Off  thyng  that  longede  vn-to  me. 

'  And  ther-fore  doute  no-thyng  the, 
That  I  wyl  to  no  st/rnigc  founiie, 
The  dillacen,  nor  dysfournie  ; 
tt'or  platly  (in  concIusiou7i) 


['  .Skrippe  St.] 
[C.  &  St.] 


6324 


G328 


G332 


[3  wakyiig  St.]    G33G 


G310 


I  ohjai  to  have  my  EycH  tahcn  out  and  pat  into  my  Ears.   1(57 


6356 


6360 


'  Yt  lytli  in  tliyn  ellecciou/^  6344 

And  iu  tl)}'  fre  choys  yt  shal  be,    [sto«c,  leaf  115,  imU] 
tfor  to  cliesyn,  as  for  iiic 
To  settjai  tliy?^  eyen  her  or  there. 

'  And  for  my  party,  tliow  slialt  lere  6348 

Yift'  tliow  in  me  haue  swyehii^  tryst,     [■  swyciie  st.,  swyt-ii  c] 
ft'or  to  llemeue  he//*  wher  me  lyst, 
As  for  onys  to  assay e, 

Yiff  I  ther-w//tA  iiat  the  dysma^'e,  635:^ 

]>ut  do  yt  for  t\\jn  avau?^tage, 
Tlie  ther  nat  pleyne  on  no  damage.' 

The  pilgrim  axithe  :  [/'iS^o«'e'»//"«rM'iicPyi!,M-ym  Asueth.  st.] 
*'  ^Vher-otf  serueth  (touchyng  thys  tliyng) 
Clernesse  off  my?«  vnderstondyng, 
AYych  clerkys  calle  (in  sentement) 
Intellect  or  entendement, 
Wych  hath  Eyen  (I  dar  seyn  so,) 
As  manye  (or  an  hundryd  mo) 
As  hadde  Argus  /  of  yore  agoon,  [stowe] 

Yit  in  hys  Erys  /  hadde  he  noon,  ,, 

In  bookys  olde  /  ye  may  weH  se.  „ 

"  I  hope  yt  stant  nat  so  -wiili  mo,  [c.  &  St.]  6364 

That  good  avys  shal  me  so  faylle. 
Nor  no  Eudnesse  so  masaylle. 
Me  thynketh  pleynly  (as  I  tolde) 
But  that  my?i  vnderstondyng  sliolde 
Techyn  me  the  trouth  al  pleyn, 
And  ther-to  haue  no  dysdeyne. 
Me  tenfourme  of  al  thys  thyng, 
Wet/^-outen  any  remowyng- 
Off  the  Eyen  in  myn  hed 
Into 2  myn  Eryn  (who  kan  tak  hed) ; 
Wych  wer  in  soth  An  vnkouth  syht. 
And  gret  merveyl  to  cwery  Avhyht." 

Grace  Dieu  Answerde^ 
Quod  grace  dieu,  'tak  hed,  &  se, 
Thyn  vnderstondyng  (truste  me) 
Wolde  in  soth  ha  no  dysdeyne 

To  teche  the  the  trouthe  pleyn.  -     6380 

But  thow  mayst  truste  me  ryht  wel : 


Yoti  have 
liee  ilioice.* 


The  Piljjrim. 

I  ask  to 
«liat  end  I 
sliduUl  have 
clearness  of 
iiiKlerstaiul- 
ing. 


[leallti.bai'K] 
Argus,  the 
liutulred-eyd, 
liad  no  ears. 


[Stuwe,  leaf  IIO] 
[2  Remewyng  St.]    6372 


6368     Jly  iindor- 
siaihliii},' 
should  leach 
nie  plainly 
without  hav- 
ing my  eyes 
removed. 


P  Into  St.,  In  C] 

[St.  &  C] 


[+  St.,  om.  C] 


It  would  be 
an  uncouth 
sight,  and 
great  marvel 
6376     to  everybody. 

Grace  Difii. 


168     Grace  Dieu  sJwws  hoio  I  misunderstand  the  matter. 


Grace  Dieu. 

Grace  Dieu 
saya  that  I 
iloM't  umler- 
DtaiKl  the 
matter  we 
are  talking 
about ; 


ami  tliat  for 
lack  (if  liuow- 
Icilse  I  have 
talleii  into 
darkness. 


[leaf  95] 


The  under- 
standing has 
but  one  eye. 


and  gives 
juilgment  by 
what  it  Bees. 


It  cannot  see 
furttier  than 
the  outside, 


'  He  vnclerstondetli  neiv^radel 

Off  thys  matere  that  we  off  talke, 

He  gotli  be-syde,  &  maketli  a  balkc, —  6384 

To  sen  clerly  tliexcellence, 

The  vahi  and  tlie^  magnyfycence  [i  the  o»«.  St.] 

Off  tliat  we  holde  our  parlenient, 

He  ys  so  feble  &  indygent  6388 

ffor  lak  off  knowyng  (in  sotlmesse), 

He  ys  [so]  fallen  in  dyrkeneSSe,'^  P  dyrkenesse  St.,  dyrknesse  C] 

That  he  knoweth  her-of  ryht  nouht, 

Truste  me  well,  (yiff  yt  be  souht,)  6392 

The  verray  trouthe,  (so  god  me  saue). 

'  And  ther  thow  seyst,  he  sholde  ek  haue 
An  hundryd  eyen,  &  yet  mo,         [stowe,  leaf  iic,  back] 
Thow  shalt  wel  Avyte  yt  ys  nat  so,  6396 

Nor  that  yt  ys  a  thyng  credyble,  [st.  &  c] 

Nor  off  hys  lookys  Avych  be  possyble, 
Wych  he  hath  by  successyou;<s ; 

I  sey  nat  off  tlientencyow^s  ,,       6 100 

Wych  thow  hast  in  many  wj^se  ; 
ffor  than  (shortly  to  devyse) 
In  swych  caas  thow  seydest  wel, 

And  elle.s-  platly  thow  shalt  fel  640-t 

Thow  wentyst  foule  out  off  the  weye. 

'  ffor  he  hath  only  l)ut  on  Eye, 
Tliat  Symply  seth  &  vnderstondeth, 
And  thynges  wych  he  vnderstondeth  6408 

Lyk  to  hys  syht,  as  they  dotli^  demo,  [sdost.] 

He  byt,  Sz  kan  no  ferther  deme. 
Swych  thyng  as  longeth  to  \\jm,  off  ryht, 
ffor  to  be  demyd  by  the  syht,  6412 

He  recey  veth  to  hys  presence  ; 
And  thanne  thy??.  Intelligence, 
Also  ffer  as  he  doth  se, 

He  Gyveth  hys  doom  in  that  degre  :  6416 

On  thyng  nat  seyn,  he  kan  nat  muse; 
But  al  swych  thyng  he  doth  refuse, 
And  sent  yt  forth  (pleynly  to  seyn), 
Outward,  ther  as  yt  kam  a-geyn.  6420 

ffor  lak,  he  kan  no  ferther  se, 


Grace  Dicu  explains  the  5  Gates  of  Penance's  Sermon.    169 


*  Thorgh  liys  fPoltysshe  vanyte.' 

The  pilgrym  axithe  :  ^■^"  AS'i'.''''stV'^'''^'^''"''-^''" 
"Ma  dame,"  qiioti  I,  "ful  gladly  [stuwe, lesf in] 
I  wolde  wyten  certeynly,  G424 

Clerly  to  be  jiut  out  off  doute, 
What  ys  he  that  wych  sendeth  oi;te, 
And  wliat  ys  he  (ek  in  certeyn) 

That  Eeporteth  hem  A-geyn  6428 

Tydynges  erly  &  ek  late  ; 
And  yiff  ther  Ije  ek  any  gate 
A-twen  the  bryuger  /  and  \\ym  that  sent ;  [c.  &  St.] 
I  woldiJ  fayn  /  in  myn  Entent  [sto«-o,  lear  uv]  6432 

Off  yow  /  haue  Informacyou??,  [stowe] 

And  clerly  dyffynycyou?^."  „ 

Grace  Dieu  Answerthc  [stowe,  c.  bumk.] 

'  Certys/  quod  sche,  '  by  thyn  askyng  [st.  &  c] 

Thow  shalt  neuere  knowe  no  thyng  6436 

As  I  be-leue,  in  substau?2ce. 

'  ThoAV  herdyst  whylom,  how  dame  penau7ice 
Made  a  declaracioiui 

Off  vj.  gatys,  in  hyr  sarmovi7i.  6440 

And  fyve  off  hem,  she  sayde  blyue, 
That  they  wer  tlie  wyttys  fyue ; 
By  wych  gatys  she  dyde  assure, 

That  al  fylthes  &  al  ordure  6444 

Entrede  in,^  in  sondry  wyse,  [iiunest.] 

(As  thow  herdyst  hyre  devyse,) 
Whan  they  wer  open,  &  nat  cloos. 
The  Avych  gatys,  to  my  purpos       [stowe,  leaf  in,  imi;]  6448 
I  wyl  now  take  in  specyal 
W/tA-outii  preiudice  at  al. 

'ffor  thys  gatys,  I  calle  "  porterys," 
"  Bryngerys-in^  &  massagerys  "  r2innest.]  6452 

Off  echii^  thyng,  &  sayd  wit^-oute,    [^  eciie  St.,  ech  c] 
But  yiff  yt  falle  Wit/i-oute  doute, 
Certeyn  Secretys,  wych  that  be 

Hyd  &  ydou  in  pryvyte.  64-56 

Thys  gatys  I  calle  the  "passages, 
Wherby  in*  passen  the  massages."  [Unnest.] 

'  Thys  to  seyne  (vnderstond  me  wcl ; 


through 

vanity. 

The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  who  is 

he  tlifit  sends 
out,  and  who 
that  Ijvings 
ill,  tidings 
early  and 
late. 


[leaf  95,  back] 


(irace  Dieu 
refers  to  the 
sermon  of 
Dame 
renauiice. 


Tlie  five  gates 
are  the  five 
senses; 


and  tliese 
gates  are  the 
briiigers  in 
and  mes- 
sengers. 


170     The  Ejjc  and  Nose  rr/porl  to  Fancy,  and  she  to  IiitcUcd. 


Grace  Dieit. 

The  Kye  is 
tlio  porter. 
Tlie  Nose  is 
the  (lour  iiiid 
luesseiis'er. 


[leaf  96] 


Concerning 
tlie  eye : 


Looking  is 
its  Porter 


who,  wlien 
lie  sees  new 
things. 


makes  a 
report  of 
tlieni, 

first  to 
Fantasy 


who  (joes  to 

KntHiule- 

uieiit, 


'  Conceyve  my  speche  eue/ytlel  :)  6460 

Eye  ys  tlie  gate,  lookyng  porter ; 

K'ose,  the  dore  &  massager 

Who  kau  parcey  ve  ys  smellyng ; 

And  seiuhlably  in  eiiery  thyng,  6464 

Euene  lyk  yt  doth  be-falle 

Off  tliyn  other  vvyttys  alle, 

Thanne  wlian  that  h)kyng  is  porter 

Off  tlie  Eye,  &  massager.  [c.  &st.]  6468 

'  And  I  Avyl  here  hy  &  l)y  ,, 

Speke  off  the  Eye  specyally,  ,, 

And  lete  the  tother  passe  &  gon. 

'IS^ow  herkne,  &  thow  shalt  here  A-noon  6472 

As  I  sayde  rathe  vn-to  the,  [c.  &st.] 

Lokyng,  with  wycli  men  do  se, 
Vn-to  the  Eye  ys  porter 

(As  thow  well  wost)  &  massager;  6476 

And  whan  that  he  setli  thyngiis  newe, 
ffresshe  &  lusty  of  ther  he  we,  [stowe,  leaf  iisj 

ffayr  or  foul,  wher-so  yt  he, 

He  hydeth  nat  in  no  degre,  6480 

Xouther  slepeth  nor  resteth  noulit, 
But,  as  swyfft  as  any  thoidit,— 
Thorgh  hys  hysy  dyllygence, 

A-noon,  (as  he  hath  licence  6484 

( )ff  the  wyttys  callyd  coniAvne, — 
Thanne  hys  olfyce  to  contune,) 
He  maketh  a  demonstraciou//, 

Keport  &  ful  relacyou?i,  6488 

ft'yrst  off  aH,  to  fantasye. 

'  Thanne  ffantasye  doth  hyr  hye         .i-  i-'astinat  st. 
To  Go  forth  to  Entendeinent, 

To  yive  a  trewe  Iiigement  6492 

Off"  report  that  he  hath  broulit, 
lustly  to  deme,  &  erre  nouht. 
Be  yt  off  thynges  newe  or  old. 

'  Now  telle  I  the,  as  I  ha  told  6  J 'J 6 

Amongys  al  thy  doomys  stronge ; 
Yilf  the  thyng  vn-to  hym  longe, 
Thanne  he  (in  cunclusiou;^) 


Pilgrims  go  to  Hearing ;  lie  goes  to  Fonrij ;  she  to  Intelleef.    171 


6500      Graen  Dien. 

wliifli  juilRes 
acciii-cliiit;  10 
reason. 


6501 


6508 


6512 


'  Wyl  yt  (leinyn  off  Kesou/^ 
And  tliL'i'-vp-ou  ek  dc'teriuyiio, 
And  in  hast  hys  dooniys  fyne, 
AVliau  he  hath  cerchyd  yt  &  sought. 

'  &  yiff  to  hjin  yt  longeth  iiovht, 
Ey  hem  that  brouhte  yt  (in  certeyn),  [c.  &st.]  [leaf yo, back] 

In  haste  he  sent  yt  forth  ageyn  ;  [stowe] 

The  ]\Iessagerys  (Erly  and  late)     [stowe,  leaf  us,  ba<k] 
Conveye  yt  by  the  same  gate  [st.  i  c.j 

By  wych  yt  kani :  lo,  her  ys  al.  ,. 

'  And  mor  to  the  I  telle  shal ;  ,, 

(lieporte  me  wel  at  alle  tymes ;) 
The  skryppe  tliat  longeth  to  pylgrymes, 
(I  mene,  off"  pylgrymes  in  specyal, 
iSwyche  as  be  goodti  fou?ide  at  al,) 
"Wlian  tliey  he//i  skrjqipen  eue/ychon, 
They  fyrst  vn-to  the  gate  gon 
Off  the  Ere,  &  off  Eryng ; 
And  ther,  \vit/<-oute  mor  taryyng, 
Hem  sylff  redy  for  to  make, 
ffyrst,  the  porter  they  awake 
Yiff  that  ho  slepe  ;  and  than  A-noon, 
By  thylkii  gati^,  in^  they  gon.     [' iime,  stowe,  leaf  us,  iw 

'  Off  other  gatys  (I  ensure) 
They  do  no  fors,  nor  ha  no  cure ; 
ffor  lieryng  ther  ys  cheff  porter ; 
And  he  goth  forth  as  massager, 
ffyrst  to  wyttys  that  be  comwne  ; 
And,  or  that  they  ther-on  comwne, 
They  make  a  demonstracyou?j 
Cler,-  &  ful  relaclou?^,  [-  ciere  St.] 

To  fantasy e,  wher  as  she"'  Syt.  [aiiest.] 

'  And  no  lenger  she  abyt, 
But  to  the  grete  luge  she  goth 
(Wherso  that  he  be  glad  or  wroth) ; 
Slie  sheweth  platly  liyr  entent 
Vn-to  thys  luge,  Entendement. 
And  whan  that  he  hath  musyd  longc  [stowo,  leafiioj 
Tlieron,  in  hys  doomys  strongc, 
And  he,  for  lak  off  knowelyohyng, 


6516 

Pilgrims  mo 
first  to  the 
gate  of  the 

ear  ami  of 

heariiif;, 

6520 

ek.] 

ami  awake 
the  Porter, 

6521 

wlio  goes  as 

messenger 

6528 


6532 


6536 


toFantaj-y; 


then  Fantasy 
goes  to  the 
judge  En- 
tendement ; 


172    Grace  Dieu  argues.  I  agree  to  have  my  Eyes  in  my  Bars. 


[leaf  97] 
Grace  Dieu. 


for  lack  of 
knowledge 
lie  could  give 
no  judgment. 


Taste,  touch, 
and  sight 
were  all 
deceived. 

To  know  the 
truth,  a  man 
must  place 
his  eyes  in 
his  ears ; 


tliey  shall 
tlieii  judge 
truly,  and 
not  err. 


The  pn.jrin 
I  unswerd, 


'ffeleth  ther-in  no  maner  tliyng,  [c.  &st.]  G540 

Thaune  off  Folye,  he  cliek  maat,  ,, 

Awliapyd  and  dysconsolat,  „ 

Sent  yt  ageyn  (yt  stondetli  so)  „ 

By  tliylke  gate  that  yt  kam  fro  ;  „       6544 

ff or  he  (shortly,  in  senteinent)  [st.  &  c] 

Koude  gyue  noon  other  lugement,  „ 

ffor  al  hys  wyttys  wer  a-gon, 

Sane  that  Eryng  (among  echon)  6548 

Kam  a-noon  to  liys  refuge, 

ffor  to  deme  &  be  a  luge. 

As  yt  longede  off  verray  ryht. 

'ffor  smellyng,  Tastyng,  touch,  &  Sylit,  6552 

They  wer  deceyved,  eue/ychon  ; 
And  for  to  knowe  the  trouthe  a-noon, 
And  a  trewe  doom  to  make, 

A  man  muste  the  Eyen  take,  6556 

And  to  the  Erys  hem  translate, 
Wych  off  Eryng  ys  the  gate ; 
And  ther,  whan  they  he  set  aryht, 
They  shal  be  cleryd  so  off  syht  6560 

To  deme  trouthe,  and  no-thyng  erre, 
Bryht  as  any  so?ine  or  stcrre.' 

The  pylgrym  answereth : 


I  have  con- 
sidered 
everything. 


and  wish  my 
eyes  to  be 
placed  in  my 
ears  at  once. 


"  What  euer,"  (|uod  I,  "  that  ye  han  sayd,  [stowe.if.iio.hu.] 

Ther-off  I  am  ryht  wel  a-payd.  6564 

I  lia  consydred  euerydel 

That  ye  to-forn  ha  seyd  ryht  wel ; 

ffor  wych,  ma  dame,  (as  ye  best  se,) 

I  wyle^  that  my ?t  Ej'en  be 

"\Yit/<-Inne  wijn  Erys  set  a-noon, 

Or  ye  any  ferther  gon. 

ffor  I  ha  conceyved  in  my  thouht, 

That  to  me,  ful  lyte  or  nouht 

!My  pylgrymage  sholde  avaylle, 

Yiff  so  that  I  dyde  ffaylle 

[leaf 'J7, back]     To  liaUC  a  Skryppe  /  or  Burdofl."         [Stowe,  hat  mi,  bar 

^  And  tho  /  to  myn  Entenc'/on  /  [stowcj 

(Lyche  as  to  yow  /  I  tolde  Late  /)  ,, 

My?j  Eyen  two  she  gan  translate  „ 


[iwyist.j  6568 


6572 


k.] 
6576 


Grace,  Dicit  moves  my  Eyes,  and  gives  me  Scrip  and  Staff.  173 


In-to  my7i  Eryn,  ther  they  stood. 

And  for  she  sawh  that  yt  was  good, 
An  huchche  she  gan  a-noon  vn-sliette ; 
And  out  a-noon  ther-off  she  fette 
(Lyk  to  my?i  oppynyou??) 
Bothe  a  skryppe  &  a  bordou?i. 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illuiniiiation.'] 
^Off  wych  thynges,  a-noon  I 
Gan  to  merveille  ful  gretly, 
'Wiili  my?i  Erys  (as  she  me  tolde) 
Whan  that  I  gan  hem  be-holde  :  ^ 
The  skryppe  mad  Sz  shape  clene, 
By  A  gyrdel  heng  off  grene, 
The  wych  Avas  (as  I  vnderstood) 
Spreynt  wiih  dropys  off  red  blood, 
Wheroff  I  was  abaisshed  sore. 

And  over  that,  I  sawh  yet  more  : 
Vpon  the  same  gyrdle  stronge, 
Off  syluer,  smale  bellys  honge, 
Twelue  in  noxx?Kbre,  &  no  mo, 
Wei  enamellyd  ;  &  also 
Ech  off  \\Qm  (I  yow  ensure) 
Hadde  a  dyuers  Scrypture, 
The  lettrys  large  &  curyous ; 
And  in  the  ffyrste  was  wrytew  thus : 
"  God  the  ffader,"  fful  wel  ywrouht. 
That  heuene  and  erthe  made  off  nouht, 
And  made  ek  man  to  hys  lyknesse, 
Off  hys  grace  &  hys  goodnesse. 

And  ferthermor  (yiff  I  shal  telle) 
Was  wryteu  in  the  nexte  belle  : 
"  God  the  Sone,  off  wysdam  most." 
In  the  thrydde,  "  God  the  Holygost." 
And  they  wer  mad  so  wel,  echon, 
Semynge  to  me  they  were  al  on  ; 
And  w^■t7/-Inne  I  dyde  se 
A  claper  that  seruede  \\cm  aH  tln-e. 

In  the  fourthe  was  wryte  &  graue. 
How  goddys  sone,  man  to  sane, 

^ — ^  Not  in  Camb.  prose— Akleiiliam 


[Stowe] 
[C.  &  St.] 


[Stowe,  leaf  120] 


6592 


6596 


6600 


6604 


6608 


6612 


6616 


The  Pilfirim. 


6580 


6584 


6588 


tirace  Dieu 

traiisl'ers  my 

eyes  into  my 

ears, 

and  brings 

tortli  a  scrip 

and  staff. 


I  marvel 
greatly. 


Tlie  scrip 
luuifjs  liy  a 
green  girdle, 

sprinkled 
witli  drops 
of  blood. 


with  twelve 

silver  bells 
banging. 


Each  bell 
had  a  writing 
uiHin  it. 


[Cap.  xcv, 
prose.] 

1.  God  the 
Father. 


[leaf  98] 


2.  God  the 

Son. 

.S.  God  the 

Holy  Ghost. 


4.  Christ's 
coming  on 
the  earth,) 


ami  liiitli  by 


5.  Cliiist's 
passion, 


crucifixion, 


174  My  Uh,  oth,  Gfh,  1th,  8th,  and  Oth  GinUc-Bdh  of  Silver. 

rhr  pihirim.   Ci'yst  ili«^,s'u,  Jesceiided  dou/i 
ffrom  tliat  hevenly  mansyoTi?* 

In-to  the  Erthe,  &  be-kam  man;       [stmve,  leaii^o,  iiacu] 
And  (as  I  reherse  kan,)  GG20 

Off  the  holy  gost  conceyved, 
Porely  in  thys  world  receyved, 
]]orn  off  A  mayde  pur  &  ffre, 

Ay  flouryng  in  vyrgynyte,  6624 

Wych  alle  \ve??nnen  dyde  excelle. 

And  wryten  in  the  fyff'tlie  belle, 
Graue  in  ordre,  by  &  by, 

Was  hys  grete  tormeutry,  6628 

And  ek  how  he  was  crucyfyed, 
And  how  that  he  for  man  hath  dyed, 
And  suffryd  ful  gret  passion??, 

To  maken  hys  redempcyou/?,  6632 

WitJi  many  Avoiuidys  ful  terryble, 
And  rebukys  ful  penyble, 
jNIankynde  only  for  to  save  ; 

Take  fro  the  croos,  put  in  hys  graue,  6636 

Aft'ter  al  hys  peyne  &  wo. 

And  in  the  .vj.  was  wryte  also,  [Syxtest.] 

(Wrouht,  yt  niyghte  nat  be  amendyd,) 
How  he  to  helle  ys  descendyd,  6640 

Hys  frendys  ther  to  fette  a-way, 
Wych  hadde  be  there  so  many  a^  day      p  a  om.  St.] 
To  brynge  hem  to  paradys. 

And  in  the  .vij.  (by  gret  avys)  [Seventiie  St.]  6644 

Was  wryte  hys  resurecc'iou?i ; 
In  the  viij.,-  hys  AscenciouM  p  heythc  St.] 

Vp  to  the  hihe  heuene  ageyn, 

With  hys  fader  (in  certeyn)  6648 

To  sytten  there  on  the  ryht  syde,         [stowe,  leai  121] 
With  hym  perpetuelly  tabyde, 
Ther  to  demen  quyk  &  dede, 
Euery  man  affter  hys  dede.  6652 

Also  (yiff  ye  lyst  to  wyte,) 
In  the  nyntliii  ther  was  wiyte 
(Graue  off  hym  that  dyde  yt  wercho,) 
Crystys  spouse,  hooly  cherche,  G6r)G 


C).  His  descent 
into  Hell. 


[IcafyS.baclv] 


7.  His  Uesur- 
lectiou. 


R.  His  Ascen- 
sion. 


!).  Holy 
Cluircii. 


The  lOtJi,  nth,  and  I'lfh  Silver  Bells.     My  Staff.  175 

MViih  al  liys  dyuers  pararaentys,  rhe  pu,!>-im. 

Ami  aii  the  .vij.^  sacrainentys.  [i  sevene  St.] 

And  in  the  Tenthii,  men  mylite  se  i"-  Tiie  com- 

''  inmiidu  ot 

The  Oonyng  and  the  vnyte  GGGO   f^=''"is. 

Off  seyntys,  the  counmyoiu^, 

Ordeyned  for  niawhys^  refeccyou/?,         [2  maHnys  St.] 

And  off  synnes  Indulgence 

By  baptesme  &  by  penytence.  GG64 

And  in  the  .xi.^  (be  wel  certevn.)  p  Eiieventhe  St.]  ii.TiieRis- 

"Was  the  Eysyncr  vp  A-geyn  V  '.''"  ''"*' 

•^    -^      -       ^  ^    •'  Judgment. 

Off  aH:  man-kynde,  bothe  hih  &  lowe, 
Whan  gabryel  liys  horn  shal  blowe,  6G68 

To  calle  aH:  ffolkj's  off  entent 
To  kome  to  the  lugement. 
Body  Sc  sowle  (as  ye  shal  lere) 

Bothe  knet  Ageyn  yfere,  GG72 

Shal  ther  come  to  audience, 
ffor  to  heryn  the  sentence ; 
And  thyder  haven  ther  Eepayr 

To-for  the  luge  hih  in  the  hayr,  GG7G 

Goode  &  badde  :  thus  stant  the  caas,  [leaf  9;)] 

And  in  the  .xij./  grauen  ther  was     [*  Tweithe  st.]  12.  TiieRe- 

u        <-  ward  of  the 

C)nlv,  off  goode,  the  gUerdoUM,  [Stowe,  leaf  120,  back]  Good,  and  tlie 

'^  "^  '  °  '  Puni.slimeiit 

And  off -wykked,  puny cyou??,^  p  the  punyciou]  6680   ^X-'^ljfj 

Swych  as  dyde  no  penau?ice, 
Xor  ne  hadde  no  repentau»ce 
To  make  amendys,  I  jow  ensure. 

Loo,  her,  hooly  tlie  scrypture  6684    Howsiiaiii 

dest-ribe  the 

Off  tlie  syluf'?-  bellys  clere,  staff? 

And  off  the  namel''  ek  yfere,  [« Thcnamei  st.] 

Xow  shall  I  tellen  the  ffaciou?i  [Cap.  xcvi, 

And  the  maner  off  the  bordou«,  6688      '""''" 

Wych  was  (yiff  ye  lyst  to  lere) 
Wrouht  &  mad  in  thys  manere  : 
Yt  was  ymad  bothe  stroncr  &  lyht,  nwasstrons 

/  andliKht, 

Long  also,  &  evene  vpryht ;  GG92 

Off  drye  wode  (yiff  yt  be  souht)  of  dry  wood, 

Wyche  neuere  nc  rototh  nouht,  «ii»ii -loes 

Tiot  perish 

JSor  neuere  pi?/is8heth,  (in  certeyn,)  '»>■  fi'f  «>• 

Xouther  for  ffyr,  nor  ffor  no  reyn.  GG9G 


176  My  Skiff  has  a  Mirror  on  the  Top,  and  a  Garhunclc  tclotv. 


The  PUgrim. 

it  hail  a 
miiTdr  at 
tlie  tup. 


in  which 
might  lie 
seen  all  the 
I'onntiy  far 
and  near. 


I  saw  in  it 
the  City  to 
which  I  was 
bound. 


[leaf  99,  back] 


There  was 
another  pom- 
mel lower 
down. 


made  of  car- 
buncle. 


Grace  Dieu 
calls  nie,  and 
says : 

Grnee  Dieu. 

[Cap  xcvii, 
piose.] 


Yt  ^Yas  ywrouht  &  mad  so  wel , 

And  a-boue,  a  Eoii?«l  poomel 

Off  a  meiTOur,  that  shou  ful  brylit, 

And  gaff  envyroiui  a  gret  lyht,  6700 

In  the  wych,  men  myghte  se 

ffer  ffroni  hem  al  the  centre 

Eou?ide  aboute  hem  Envyroiiw. 

ffor  ther  ne  was  no  regyou?i  0704 

So  ffer  from  yt,  by  no  dystau?2ce, 

(To  Eeknen  euery  cyrcu?nstau?«ce) 

Bat  man  myghte  sen  yt  eue>"ydel, 

And  beholde  yt  ffayre  &  wel.  6708 

And  in  that  myrour  dyde  I  se 
The  mane?'  hool  off  the  cyte 

To  the  wych  I  was  so  bent  [stowe,  leaf  122] 

ffor  to  gon,  in  myn  entent.  6712 

ffor  wych  (in  myn  oppynyonw) 
I  preysede  gretly  the  Bordou;*, 
And  louyd  also  wel  the  bet. 

&  lower  dou«  ek  ther  was  set  6716 

A-nother  poomel,  wych  off  makyng 
Was  lasse  &  Eound,  (to  my  seemyng,) 
Maad  off  a  charboncle  ston, 

The  wych  as  any  so?ine  shoon,  6720 

Thorgh  al  the  contre  shadde  hys  lyht 
(Yt  was  so  Oryent  and  so  bryht) 
An  huge  co;«pas  rou?ttl  a-boute. 

And  whan  she  hadde  y taken  oute  672-1- 

Thys  two  lowellys  ffayr  &  ryche, 
I  troAve  nowher  wer  noon  lyche, 
Grace  dieu  (fayre  mot  hyr  falle  !) 
In  goodly  Avyse  gan  me  calle.  6728 

Grace  dieu  speketh : 
Thys  lady  goodly  spak  to  me, 
'  Kom  ner,  my  sone ;  tak  hed  &  se  ; 
Loo  her  (yiff  I  shal  nat  feyne) 

Thylke  Eyche  Gyfftys  tweyne  6732 

Wych  I  be-hihte  Avhylom  to  the  ; 
And  thow  shalt  nat  deceyved  be. 

'  Loo  her  A  skryppe  &  a  Bordouw, 


Grace  Dien  gives  mc  a  Scrij)  {cold  Faith),  and  a  Staff.     177 
'  Tlie  wych  (off  hool  entencyou?/)  G73G    Grace  Dieu. 

I  CVVe  to  the,  now  kep  he?».  Wel  !         [Stowe,  leaf  122,  back]  '  Lo,  I  give 

"''  '■  tliee.  aScrip 

Considre  the  maner  everydel,  •'"'^i  ^^  *'t''ff; 

How  tliey  be  ryht  necessarye 

To  forthre  the,  (tliow  shalt  nat  tarye,)  6740 

To  helpe  the  in  thy  vyage,  lllpeiy,"iV'*''^ 

And  to  spede  thy  pylgrymage.  pilgrimage; 

Thow  shalt  off  hem  have  ay  gret  nede, 

Yiff  thow  lyst  thy  lourne  spede,  6744 

Xedful  to  pylgrymes  alle  ; 

And  "feyth,"  thy  Skryppii  thow  shalt  calle ;  siniteiiuh 

Wyth-oute  wych,  ^may  nat  be  [^  yt  scrutcht  out-^  scnp  Faith. 

Erouht  aboute  no  lournee  6748      [leatidd] 

!Nor  vyage  that  may  a-vaylle. 

ilbr,  thy  bred  &  thy  vytaylle, 

Thei'-in  thow  shalt  alway  concerve, 

And  all'i'  tymes  thow  shalt  observe  6752 

Thys  skryppii  wel  in  thy  bandoiui. 

In  GMery  cyte  &  euery  Ton«, 

In  al  thy  moste  feythful  wyse, 

And  also  for  to  auctoryse.  6756 

'  Touchyng  thys  Skryppe  callyd  "  ffeytli," 
Ilerkne  what  thapostel  sevth  Hearken 

*■  ''  what  the 

In  a  pystel  that  he  endyteth,  ■^p*''^''.''  says 

^  "^  J  ^  touching  this 

And  to  the  Romayns  pley?ily  wryteth  :  6760  ^"^^ij.l^'jJI'tL 

" The  ryht-ful  man,  w/t/^-oute  stryff,  Romans" """ 

Ey  thys  skryppe  lat  hys  lyft' ;  "  -      lustus  ex  Fiiie  uiuit 

Thys  to  seyne,  that  ft'eyth  off  ryht 

Yiveth  lyff  to  eue/y  maner  whyht ;  6764 

As  Abachuch  that  hooly  man,  As  also  in 

"^  the  second 

In  hys  wrytyng  reherse  kan,  Haba'kkuk, 

The  secou«de  chapytle  off  hys  book,-^      [stowe,  ifafi23] 
Who  so  lyst  lyfft  vp  hys  look.  6768 

'And  thys  skryppe  (wit/;-oute  wene,) 
Off  hys  colour  mot  be  grene ; 
"Wych  colour  (who  so  look  a-ryht) 
Doth  gret  co»ifort  to  the  syht ;  6772 

-  §  1.  17,  as  it  is  written,  '  The  just  shall  live  by  faith.' 
^  Behokl,  his  soul  (which)  is  lifted-up  is  not  ui>iight  in  hini : 
hut  the  just  shall  live  by  his  faith. 

PILGRIMAGE.  N 


17H      Tlir  Green  of  the  Scrip  is  mingled  wifJi  the  lied  Bloixl 


Grace  Lieu. 

Faith  makes 
pilgrims  glad 
and  biiglit, 


aTid  pninforts 
tlieiri  ill  the 
wav. 


'Sharpeth  tlie  Eye,  (yt  ys  no  dred,) 

And  su  dotli  ffeytll,  (who  taketh  hed  j) 

Yt  maketli  pylgrymes  glad  &  lyht, 

W/tA  liein  altydyng  day  &  nyht ; 

And  in  ther  weye  (I  dar  reporte,) 

Gretly  doth  hem  Eeconforte, 

ffor  good  ^  pylgrymes  cuc/'yclion,  ['  sroode  St.] 

On  pylgrymage  wher  tliey  gon, 

Only  ffeyth  doth  hem  sustene, 

By  exan?/?ple,  as  the  grene, 

The  gentyl  colonr  glad  &  lyht, 


G776 


6780 


as  the  green 
coloui'  gives 
clearness  to 
the  sight. 

[leaf  100,  bk.]   Yivetli  clernesse  to  the  syht. 


G784 


It  is  of  more 
value,  when 
sprinkled 
with  blood. 


than  either 
l)earl  or 
margarite. 


and  lias 
more  worth 
and  virtiie 


tlian  any 
other  rich 
stone. 


The  red 
shows  the 
blood  of  the 
martyrs 


^ '  "Whan  the  grene  al  ^\ith-o\\tQ 
Ys  spreynt  w^t//  dropys  li0U?«l  al)onte 
Off  red  blood  (who  kan  entende), 

Thau  tlie  syht  yt  doth  ame?ide  G788 

fful  gretly,  I  dar  wel  seyn  ; 

ffor  ther  ys  drope^  noon  certeyn,  p  droop  st.] 

But  yt  ys  Avorth,  &  off  mor  prys 

To  pylgrymes  that  be  wys,  G7*J2 

Than  outlier  perle  or  margaryte. 
And  (as  I  darr  ryht  wel  endyte,) 
Yt  is  mor  Kyche  &  precyous, 

Mor  off  valu  &  vertuous,  G79G 

The  bloody  dropys,  whaw  they  be  spreynt  [st.,  iean2:{,  bk.] 
Yp-on  the  grene,  &  ymeynt, 
To  make  a  man  mor  strong  ik  lyht, 
And  tatt'orce  witli  hys  syht,  G800 

Than  any  other  Kyche  stou 
ff'or  to  rekne  hem  eue/'ichon, 

'  The  grene  ys  good  in  specyal 
Whan  the  rede  ys  meynt  w/tA-al  6804 

Off"  blood  ■  for  pleynly  the  Rednesse 
Wych  that  was  shad"^  in  clennesse  [^shaddest.] 

Off  glory ous  martyrs  longe  agon. 

That  spente  her  blood,  &  leffte  noon,  G808 

But  sutt'rede  al  the  vyolence. 
And  the  mortal  ek^  sentence  L'eUc,  the  mortal  st.j 

Off  Tyrau?itys  Tyranye, 
-  Fruiii  1.  0785  to  1.  6859  is  oiiiittwl  in  (.'anib.  piosi;. — Aldculiaiii. 


of  Martyr>i  ivl,.o  died  to  set  Pilgrims  an  Exa-iiqjle.         179 


'  And  spare Jc  nat  platly  to  dyo, 

(Tlier  legeiide  so  wryt  &  seytli) 

ffor  to  dyffende  crystys  ffeyth  ; 

ifor  Avych,  vp-on  thys  skryppe  off  grene, 

The  bloody  dropys  ther  ysene, 

Shewyn  (in  conclusion??) 

Ther  martyrdam,  ther  passioi:?i, 

Off  ther  owne  voluTite, 

Only  to  yiven  vn-to  the 

Verrayly  an  exau;»playre 

(Wherso-euere  thow  repayre) 

To  suffre  deth  for  crystys  sake, 

Eather  than  thow  shust  forsake 

Thy  skryppe  in  any  mane?'  wyse, 

Off  wych  thow  hast  herd  me  devyse. 

'  ffor  seyntys  Avych  that  suft'rede  so,      [stowe, 
T  wot  ryht  wel  that  they  be  go 
To  paradys,  &  Entryd  in  ; 
ffor  the  swerd  off  cherubin, 
Wycli  whilom  at  the  gate  stood, 
Ys  so  blontyd  wjtA  her  blood, 
That  yt  ys  (I  dar  wel  seyn) 
In^  the  skawberk  vp  ageyn. 

'  But  now-a-dayes  it  stant*  so, 
Hooly  seyntys  ben  aH  a-go, 
That  wer  so  myghty  &  so  strong. 
And  dradde  nat  to  suffre  a-  wrong 
ffor  the  ffeyth,  yt  to  dyffende, 
Her  lyff,  her  blood,  ther-on  to  spende 
Redy  they  wern,  &  that  a-noon  ; 
But  now,  annethe^  ther  ys  nat  on 
That  wyl  \\ym  putte  in  lupartye, 
Crystys  feyth  to  magnefye, 
Kor  make  myghty  resystence 
Ageyn  Tyrau?itys  by  dyffence. 

*  Yet  so»uue  boste  &  speke  grete 
"Whan  they  be  fumous,  ful  off  heete, 
And  hau  yheetc  it  dronke  at  large, 
Her  bely  stuffyd  as  a  barge  : 
Than  they,  for  our  feythys  sake, 


6812       Oracfi  Dieii. 


wlio  died  for 
llie  faitli. 


681G 


G820        [leaf  101] 


G821 


leatl-il] 

6828 


6832 


The  saints 
tliat  sutfered 
went  to 
Paradise. 


The  sword  of 
the  clierul)ini 
who  stood  at 
tlie  safe  is 
bUinted  with 
thuir  blood. 


[1  lu  to  St.] 


6836 


[2ao)«.St.] 


6840 


[3  vunelhe  St.] 


6844 


6848 


there  is  none 
to  put  liini- 
self in  jeo- 
pardy for  the 
faith. 


Yet  some 
boast, 


wlien  tliey 
liave  eaten 
and  drunken, 


180     Now,  fulh  Irag  hit  don't  fight  for  tlic  Faitli.     Tlc/i 


Grace  Dien. 


tliat  tiiey  will 
ti^lit  for  our 
laith, 

Lk'iiflUl,  bk.] 

liiit  tlieir 
bo:ist  is  vain. 


[Cap.  xcix, 
prose;  e;ip. 
US  is  oinil- 
ted. 


The  scrip 
)i:kI  no  bells 
at  first. 


l)iit  wlien 

heresies 

arose. 


ami  men 
believeil  on 
God  acrord- 
in<7  to  llieir 
own  o]>iMiuns, 


(of  wliom 
some  were 
Arrians, 
and  some 
Pelafjians), 


prelates  of 
the  chui'cli. 


'  Wyl  crystys  croos  vp-on  hem  take  ; 

AiiJ,  as  cliampyou?is,  tha?me  tliey  seytli 

That  they  wyl  fyhte  for  our  ffeyth. 

But  whan  yt  kometh  vn-to  nede, 

Al  that  they  spak  touchyng  dede, 

Yt  ys  for  iioulit,  I  dar  wel  seyn ; 

And  thus  ther  host  ys  hut  in  veyn  ; 

By  tlier  wordys  tliey  wyl  nat  dwelle.    [stowc,  leaf  i2t, 

'  But  hy  old  tyme,  I  shal  the  telle, 
Whan  I  the  skiyj)pe  gan  fyrst  devyse, 
Yt  Avas  al  in  a-nuther  Avyse, 

Wit/;-oute  bellys,  syinplely  ;        .i.  simpiicitec  st.,  om.  c. 
Tha?i  suffysede,  stedel'astly 
To  loue  god,  our  creatour, 
And  hyni  to  serue  with  gret  honour. 

'  But  affter  roos  vp  heresyes, 
^PPyiy^'-^^^-*'  ^  fantasyes, 

The  ffeythe^  falsly  for  to  greue  ;  [' fleyth^  st,  tiv-yih  c] 
And  ther  gan  eue?y  man  to  leue 
On  god  affter  hys  owne  lust, 
And  sette  pleynly  Al  ther  trust 
Affter  ther  owne  ffantasye ; 
Off  wych  (yiff  I  shal  nat  lye) 
So?Hme  wer  callyd  "  Arryens," 
And  so/»me  also  "  pellagyens," 
'With  ther  oppynyou?«s  newe  ; 
And  other  sectys  ful  vntrewe, 
The  foyth  oft'  cryst  for  to  werreye, 
And  ly>t  nat  to  the  cherclie  obeye, 
Tliorgh  ther  false  oppynyoii??s, 
Concludyng  hy  collusiou?is 
Off  falshed  shewyng  many  sygne, 
Ageyn  tliy  skryppe  to  malygne, 
Ther-vp-on  to  be  a-wrekc  ; 
Off  whom  me  lyst  no  mor  to  speke. 

'  But  my  speclie  I  wyl  restrcyne  ; 
ffor  wych  cause,  folk  dyde  hyr  peyne, 
And  prelatys  off  the  cherche, 
Ageyn  ther  malys  for  to  werclie, 
Makyng  in  especyal  [stowe,  leaf  i-2dj 


'CSICS. 

6852 


6856 


back] 

6860 


6864 


6868 


6872 


6876 


6880 


6884 


6888 


Ccnmcils  rcfmnnd  the  Church,  and  set  12  Artielcs  on  Bells.  181 


i.  Siiinila  .St.    6892       Grace  Dieii. 


'  Senys  &  cou/^sayllcs  genonil, 

Off  prouy deuce  &  gret  avys, 

ffor  to  wythstonde  ther  malys, 

And  tlier  errours  to  piitte  a-\v;iy, 

That  contynuede  many  a  day,  G896 

To  reforme  the  hewte 

Off  the  cherche  by  vnyte, 

I  inene,  by  vnyte  in  substau?<ce 

Off  our  ffeyth  and  our  creau?<cc,  6900 

In  ther  hool  Entencyon?? ; 

To  make  Restytucyou»., 

By  ther  dyllygent  labour, 

Off  that  was  broke  by  tlier  Errour,  6904 

That  wt'tA-lnne  nor  wetA-oute 

Yt  sholde  no  mor  be  put  in  doute. 

'  And  for  that  skyle,  &  no  tliyng  clly.s. 
They  souhten  out  the  .xii.  bellys  6908 

That  I  off  spak,  &  I  the  telle  : 
They  sette  lettrys  in  ech  belle, 
And  articles  off  our  creau?ice, 

By  thapostolys  Ordynau7ice  ;  6912 

The  wych  wer  mad  (wit/i-outii  .stryft') 
In  hooly  cherche  prymytyff, 

'  And  in  the  Skryppe  (tak  lied  to  me) 
Off  wyche^  now  I  telle  the  [>  wiuche  st.,  wyeh  c]  6916 

(Off  entent  ful  pur  &  clene), 
The  bellys,  mad  off  syluer  shene. 
They  hengen  hem,  as  thow  mayst  se, 
Wych  thow  howest  (off  duete)  6920 

Offte  sythes  here  hem  Eynge,        [stowe,  leaf  125,  back] 
Off  entente  only  to  brynge 
Ther  sown  vn-to  thy  reraembrauwce, 
And  how  thow  shalt,  in  thy  creau/ece,  6924- 

Leve  in  god  ay  stedefastly. 

*  And  for  that  skyle,  co?«tynuelly 
In  thyu  Erys  the  tawake, 

Tliy  bellys  shal  a  chymbyng  make,  6928 

Day  be  day  (in  sothfastnesse) 
To  teche  the  the  stedefastnesse 
Off  the  feyth,  thy-sylff  to  Saue. 


[leaf  102] 
made  sy noils 
and  councils 


to  restore  the 
unity  of  the 
faith ; 


and  tliey 
devised  the 
twelve  Bells 


with  letter.^ 
in  each, 
and  Articles 
of  our  Ueliel, 


made  in  tlie 

primitive 

Church. 


And  the  l)ells 
wiMe  InniK  in 
tlie  scrip, 


to  teacli  thee 
steadfastness 
in  the  faitli ; 

[leaf  1U2,  bk.] 


182   Tlic  Brlls  on  thy  ^crip  of  Faith  teach,  thcc  Belief  in  God, 


Grace  Dieu. 

and  thou 
iieedest  no 
otlier  clock, 
day  or  nit;lit, 
if  thou  count 
their  strokes 
truly. 


Thou 

shouldst 

always  think 

upon  the 

scrip  called 

Faith, 

and  what  the 

Apostle 

writes  to  the 

Uomans, 


Thou  Shalt 
first  Iielieve 
in  God, 


[leaf  1031 
and  that  this 
wine  and  this 
bread  are 
chanffed  into 
flesh  and 
blood. 


'  And  the  uedetli  nat  to  liaue  6932 

!Noon  other  horlege,i  day  nor  nyht,         [>  orioge  st.j 
ffor  to  sniyte  thy?i  hourys  ryht, 
Yiff  tliow  ther  strokys  trewly  tellys, 
.xij.  liourys  and  .xij.  bellys  ;  6936 

And  ek  also  graue  in  the  lettre 
.xij.  Artycles,  to  go  the  bettre, 
Wych  shal  echon  yfou«de  be 

Wytli-Inne  thy  skryppe,  to  teche  the,  6940 

And  tenforme  the  wel  ynowh. 

'  But  thow  hast  be  soniwliat  sh:)wh, 
In  thyn  herte  to  taken  hede, 

Ther  scrypture  for  to  Eede  ;  6944 

I  mene  thus,  thy  sylff  to  saue, 
The  Scrypture  in  the  bellys  graue  ; 
Yet,  by  ther  chymyng  (in  substau/^ce), 
Thow  slioldest  ay  ha  reme/Mbrau?ice  6948 

Vp-on  thy  skryppe  callyd  "  ffeyth," 

'  And  thynk  ek  what  Thapostel  seyth  : 
To  the  Romeyns  he  endyteth, 

Pleynly  seyth,  and  thus  he  wryteth  :  [stowe,  leufiio]  6952 
"  That  tliys  bellys,  in  ther  chymynge. 
And  by  noyse  off  ther  sownynge, 

Parfytly  they  brynge  in  feyth    Fides  ex  au.utu.  Uomanosin.s  st. 
To  the  Erys  ;  and  thus  he  seyth  :  6956 

"  Wher  thyii  Eyen  be  set  most  clere, 
The  verray  trewe  sown  to  here, 
Abydynge,  nat  transytorye, 

To  excyten  thy  IMeniorj'^e,  6960 

Thy  pylgrymage  to  Acheve, 
How  thow  slialt  ffyrst,  in  god  be-leue ; 
Wych  doth  nat  ynowh  suft'yse, 
"VVyth-oute  that  I  shal  devyse.  6964 

*  ffor  yt  be-houeth  ek  herto, 
That  thow  mustest  beleue  also 
Stedefastly  (yt  ys  no  dred), 

That  thys  wyn  &  ok  tliys  bred  6968 

Be  chau?jgyd  into  flesslie  &  blood. 

"  X.  17.     So  tlu'u  faith  (cometh)  by  hearing,  and  lieariiig  hy 
the  word  of  God. 


the  Sacrament  and  the  Trinity.   She  puts  the,  Scriji  on  inc.   183 


'  And  her-w/t//-al  yt  ys  ek  good, 
Ee-leue  0  god  in  Trynyte, 
Thre  personys  in  vnyte. 
And,  thy  ffeytli  mor  strong  to  make, 
Tliow  slialt  a  good  exau?»ple  take 
Off  tliylke  syluer  bellys  thre, 
To  "vvycli,  in  Tookne  oii'  Vnyte, 
A  claper  senietli  in  cliymyng, 
Wycli  declareth  in  sownyng, 
"Ther  ys  l3ut  o  god,  &  no  mo." 

'  And  tak  Alway  good  hed  her-to, 
ffro  thys,  that  thy  ffeyth  nat  varye, 
Who-ene?'e  sowue  tlie  contrarye.    [stowe,  leaf  121;,  back] 
And  truste  wel  how  the  partycles 
And  the  Eemnau;jt  off  Ai'tycles 
Of  aH  the  tother,  (who  kan  entende) 
Euerychon,  her-on  depende. 

'  Xow  take  thy  Skryppe,  &  go  thy  way. 
And  thynk  her-on  ryht  wel  alway  ; 
And  forget  nat  (yong  nor  old,) 
Xo  thyng  tliat  I  ha  the  told, 
Wryt  in  thyn  herte  as  in  a  book.' 
[The  Pilgrim.] 

And  off"  hyr  hand  the  Skryppe  I  took  ; 
But  she,  only  off  hyr  goodnesse. 
The  skryppe  aboute  me  gan  dresse, — 
Tliys  Grace  dieu,  ful  manerly, — 
And  Tajioynte  yt  ffetysly, 

Oue/'i  my  shuldere  she  yt  caste,  [loust.] 

And  be-gan  to  bookele  yt  faste, 
In  travers  wyse,  yt  tenbrasse, 
She  gan  the  gerdel  to  co?Hpasse  ; 
Made  the  pendant,  that  was  long. 
To  be  knet  &  fastnyd  strong, 
That  the  Tonge  thorgh  gan  perce. 

And  than  to  me  she  gan  reherse 
A  scrypture  off  ysaye 
lieniembryd  in  hys  prophesye, 
The  .ii."^  chapytle  ye  may  se,  p  EUeventUe  St.] 

Grace  dieu  seyng  to  me  : 


nelievu  al 
in  the 
GOT  2     '-I'liliity; 


and  take  an 
example  from 
the  three 
silver  IjelU, 
which  have 
one  claiipci- 
in  chiiniuK, 
in  token  of 
unity, 


G976 


and  dcclaic 
'There  is  but 
6980     one  God.' 


G'J8-t 


G988 


Take  the 
serip  and  go, 


and  I'orKet 
not  anytiiin; 
I  have  told 
tliee.' 


The  Pilgrim. 


6992   [Oa,,.ciii, 

prose.] 


Grace  Dien 
-.„«  „     then  Ihiiiws 
6996     the  scrip  ov, 
my  shoul- 
ders, 


7000 


7004 


7008 


[leaf  103,  bk.] 
and  rehearses 
to  uie  the 
11th  chapter 
of  Isaiah. 


184     Grace  Dieu  gives  me  a  Girdle,  and  a  Latin  Creed. 


Grace  Dioi. 

First,  tliou 
sliult  have  a 
girdle  of 
liighteous- 
ness 

as  a  restraint 
of  the  flesh. 


She  tlien 
gives  me  a 
writing, 


Grace  Dieu, 

wliich  con- 
tains a 
deseription 
of  tlie  serii). 


It  is  in  Latin, 


for  clerlts 
wlio  can  un- 
derstand it, 


[leaf  104] 


and  for  them 
I  give  it. 


Grace  dieu :  ^  ['  Dieu  spak  st.] 

'  flyrst,  thow  slialt  hauc  ffur  Sykernesse  [stowe,  leaf  127] 
A  gyrdel  off  Ryghtwysnesse, 
To  restreyne  al  lecherye. 

And,  for  to  make  also  dye  7012 

Al  Iflesshly  lustys  enerychon, 
I  shal  the  gyrde  {&  that  a-noon,) 
Wyth  thys  skiyppe,  wych  thow  shalt  bore 
The  to  dyffende  (that  no  thyng  deere)  7016 

On  pylgrymage,  wherso  thow  go.' 

And  tha?ine  she  took  a  wryt  also 
Out  off  hyr  huchche,  &  rauht  yt  me. 

[Blaidc  ill  MS.  for  an  Ilhiviination.'] 

*  In  thys  wryt,  thow  mayst,'  ([iiod  she,  7020 

*  Be-holde  the  descrypciou«. 
The  maner  hool,  and  the  fasou?i 
Off  the  skryppe  that  I  the  took  ; 

And  offte  cast  ther-on  thy  look  7024 

ffro  day  to  day,  the  bet  to  spede ; 

And  offte  sythe  that  thow  yt  rede, 

The  cope  pleynly,  &  scrqjture, 

The  wych  ys  mad  (I  the  ensure)  7028 

In  latyn  only,  off  entent 

To  yive  to  the  entendiiment. 

And  to  clerkys  that  kan  lettrnre, 

And  vnderstonde  hem  in  Scrypture,  7032 

That  they  may,  both  hih  &  lowe, 

The  maner  off  thy  Skryppe  knowe. 

To  folwe  the  ffeyth  off  crystys  secte  ; 

To  hem  thys  latyn  I  dyrccte.  7036 


(5) 


185 

A  LATIX  POEM  ON   T1[E  ARTICLES   OF   THE 

CEEED. 

(43  Stanzas  of  12  lines  each,  ryming  auh,  aahbb,  abba.) 

(1)      _        [p.:U8,v] 
^  c  Redo  ego  catholicus,  1 

Simplex  sim  uel  iherarchicus, 

Fide  firma  &  simpliei : 
Iiuplicite,  si  laicus, 
Explicite,  si  cleiicus,  5 

Siiabolo  volo  subici, 

A  tiriuameiito  dcici, 

NuMq?M9«  volo  nee  efBci, 
Vt  planeta  eiraticus  :  9 

Malo  niorte?«-  qua??i  infici, 

Erroiibifs  heretici, 
Legi  dei  coucentiiciis.  12 

(2) 
In  deum,  a  quo  conditus         13 
Est  niurtdus,  credo-*  priraitus 

lam  lucis  orto  sidere  : 
Fidei  est  introitus, 
Vbi,  ego  neophicus,  17 

Debeo  pedem  figere. 

ParuJH  est  deo  credere, 

Vel  deu//i  iii  preponere 
Ei  velim'*  in  corditus  :  21 

Nisi  euHi  diligere, 

Velini  verbo  &  opere, 
Et  toto  corde  penitus.  24 

(3) 
Patrem  primu;H  magnifico      25 
Eternii?«,  et  glorifico, 

A  quo  meu7/i  exordiu?;?., 
Eu?>i-q?(c  sic  specitico, 
Catliolice  &  explico,  29 

Qi«  genuerit  filium, 

Eum-q?tc  esse  aliu??i, 

Nou  aliud  per  proprium, 
Personale  diuidico  :  33 

Fineni  atque  principiu7?«, 

A.U\;uc  eorum  nescium,^ 
Ymaginor  &  iudico.  36 

(4)        [leaf  lot,  back] 
0»mipoteiite?H  pariter  37 

Ommsi-que  suauiter 

Dispoiie?item  hujic"  clamito, 
Nil  frustra,  nil  inaniter, 
Nil-qwc  nisi  vtiliter,  41 

Operante?;i  recogito  ; 

Si  in  fide  hac  hesito, 

Si  vacillo  uel  dubito, 
Non  sura  discretus  arbiter  ;     45 

Egeo  duci  digito, 

Quia  errans  exorbito, 
Et  relinquo  bonum  iter.  48 


49  I  lielieve  in 
God 


53 


60 


61  tlie  Fiitlier 
Aliiii-lil.v, 


68 


Crealorem  hu?ic  fateor, 
A  ([uo  reus  ego  reor, 

Keruwi  creatas  species  ; 
Quewi  adorare  teneor, 
Ue  quo  dictuHi  contiteor. 

Illi  soli  tu  seruies, 

Hoc  non  feci  millesies, 

Mea^  culpa  &  pluries.^ 
Me  perditu?;i  intueor, 

Nisi  dicat  "  saluus  fies  ! 

Tu  es  mea  progenies  ; 
Tui  fili  misereor." 

(6) 
Cell  &  terre  dominum, 
Angelorwvji  &  hominwn, 

Eum  in  fide  video  ; 
Patrem-que  esse  luminuwi, 
DanteMi  tenebris^  terminu?/i 

Sic  intuens  spem  liabeo. 

Et  si  ei  non  valeo 

Servire  sicwt  debeo, 
Ob  grandeMi  molewi  criminu^/^, 

Quo  me  verta'wt  lm?ic  timeo, 

Contremisco  &  paueo, 
Ne  vindex  sit  peccaininum.^"  72 

(7)  [105,  col.  i] 

Et  quia  p«<rem  credere  73  Maker  of 

Non  creditur  sufficere, 

Ne  non  e.sset  relacio 
Ad  articulos  vergere 
Me  volo,  et  co?iuertere, 

Qui  dati  suJit  de  filio, 

Cuius  est  generacio, 

Sic  niiranda-qwc  racio, 
Eam  nescit  exprimere, 

Veluti  vespertilio 

Stujiet"  solari  radio. 
Sic  nescit  ibi  cernere. 

(8) 
In  ihcsum  Cliristuxa.,  igitur. 
Mea  fides  dirigitur. 

Ip.se  est  pairis  filius  ; 
Grenitus  est,  et  gignitur,i- 
Et  gigni  semper  creditur, 

Sicut  a  sole  radius. 

Nil  in  pa<re  suprrius, 

Nil  in  nato  inferius  ; 
In  qua?!,tu???,  deus  dicitur, 

Eternuwi.  est  suu7h  prius, 

Eternu??i-q?ic  posterius ; 
Nullis  extremis  clauditur. 


Heaven  ami 
Eaitli, 


77 


81 


84 


85  and  in  Je 
Clirist, 


89 


93 


96 


1  St.  Credo  Ego  Catholicus.     (Jn.  Stowe  adds,  "a  large  noinbar  of  verses  vpon  y" 
crede,  in  lattyn,  should  folow  here  in  this  place.") 
-  Mori  nialo,  Print.        3  quo,  I'r.        i  velis,  Pr.        5  eorum  fore  neseio,  Pr. 
8  Hunc  dispoiientem,  Pr.        '  MS.  Maa.        ^  phiries,  Pr.        3  teuebre,  Pr. 
10  peccaminum,  Pr.       n  Super,  Pr.       w  ginitur,  Pr. 


186 


A  Latin  Poem  on  the  Articles  of  the  Creed. 


(9) 


His  iMily  Son 
uur  Luicl, 


97 


101 


Filiu//i  eius  vnicu//i 

Ter  deeiutuiii  eatliolicnm, 
Hu/tc  aflinuo  &  assero  ; 

Sine  quo,  totu?rt  lubricu//i, 

Inane  &  en-aticu?;i, 

Et  carens  casu  i>rospcro. 
Sibi  senium  me  oU'eio, 
Nu?^c,  et  (|)trenuliu  fuuro.^ 

Qi4«niuis  sit  valde  modicuv;;, 
Ad  eum-tptc  me  transfero, 
(Jua;idocu«.qH(:  errauero      107 

Ta?t(jw««i  ad  poluwi  articiUH. 


(10) 
wiiowascon-  Dw/imwm  nostru//i  dicere 

Hniw'iLV"  Hunc  nos  tilii  doxtt-re 
Holy  Otliost,  .  i.1     1-   • 

Qui  dicunur  catholici, 


109 


Del)emns  et  attollerc,       [leaf  ion] 
Meute,  uerbo,  et  opere,  113 

I'reconio  multiplici, 

Potestas  cms  deici,- 

Nuuquani  potest,  i\cc  effici 
Minor  sine  decresceie  117 

Sibi-qi6C  debent  subici'^ 

Terrigene  &  celici, 
Et  iut'eruiis  hunc  tromere.      120 


(11) 
bom  of  the      Qui  conceptus  est  vteio, 
Virgin  Mary,  Yirgiiiali,  hoc  assero, 
lUiliatis  viscerilnis, 
Cuiws  cum  perscrutauero, 
Modu//t  liebetatus  ero, 
lletensis'*  cuvtctis  sensibus 
Hoc  fecit  ra]itis  vsibus 
Et  consuetudiiiibus 
Nature,  pro  me  misero  ; 
Vnde,  ex  infelicibiis 
Me  repute  houiinibus, 
Si  hec  oblitua  fuero. 


(12) 

De  sp/v/^u  w.vctQ  fuit, 
(luciii  uiryo  deu;/t  j,'cnuit, 
De  deo  prt^re  genituwi, 
Qiieiii  deus  carne?;i  induit, 
Et  vteruwi  no/i  horruit ; 
Licet  sibi  insolituy;i 
Iter''  fuit  incognituwt, 
Et  nature  absconditu/^i, 
Quia  fecit  vt  voluit : 
Plus  scrutari  est  irrituv/( 
Fides  valet  ad  meritu/;i  ; 
Et  phis  vltra  no/<,  arguit. 


121 

125 

129 
132 

133 
137 

in 

144 


(13) 

Natus  est  tennioralitcr,  145 

(^Hii  natus  etenialiter 
I)e  deo  p((<re  fuerat. 

Ipso  nato  celeriter 

Factus  est"  pins  arbiter  149 

Pro  mu/tdo  qui  peiieiat. 
Homo  eiu'wi  offenderat,'' 
Deu7«  qui  hunc  creaucrat ; 

Et  sic  erat  lis  iugiter,  153 

Vnde  esse  nou  poterat 
Q?(./ft  1uj|//(0  qui  pcccaucrat 

Nou  puniretur  grauiter.  156 


(14) 

Ex  maria,  ergo,  pium 
Pacis  traxit  cowimercium, 

Nona  reparans  federa, 
Et  reddens  Arbitragium 
Se^  ad  p((<ris  arbitrium 
Olitulit,  propttr  scelera, 
Mu?idi  bcata  viscera 
Hui»s  matris,  et  vbera, 
Suuwi-qiw  puer[)eriuwt. 
Felix  ipsa  pueipera, 
Seruiant  ei  sydera, 
Et  totus  grcx  fideliuwt. 

(15) 


157 


1(31 


105 


168 


169 


Virgine  ipsa  firmiter 

Seruante,  et''  stabi'iter 
Siiiicti  pudoris  liliuwt'" 

Sum/;.,  Venus  et  lupitcr, 

Et  totuwi  celu'/H  pari  tor  173 

jMirantur  puerperiuwi, 
Etas  qHO(|/t(;  viucnciu?;*, 
Et  luuentus  &  seiiiuwi,       176 

De  hoc  stupent  pcrhciinitor. 
'Miror,'  dicit,  '  ingenium, 
Et  virgine;/6  et  liliuwi 

Hie  studerem  inaniter.'  180 

(16) 

Passus  est  ipse  lilius,  181 

Licet  pcccft/i  nescius, 

Peiias  &  coiitumelias, 
Fiichcs-([ue  est  propicius, 
Qui  ferus  fuerat  iirius.  185 

lam  expertus  miserias, 

Nu7(q«((//t  inuentus  alias, 

Fuit  pater-familiais. 
Qui  contulerit  plenius  189 

Suas  misericordias     [105,  col.  ;>] 

Pro  suis,  &  angustias 
Sustinuerit  durius.  192 


1  vixi'vo,  Pr.        -  <leijci,  Pr.        ■'  siiliijci,  Pr.        ■•  lietunsis,  Pr.        ^  lla,  Pi'. 
<■  cl,  Pr.        "  P)."),  col.  2.        8  tiuJ,  Pr.        '^  tjcriuiutudc,  Pr.        ■"  liliuiii,  Pr. 


A  Latin  Poem  on  the  Articles  of  the  Creed. 


187 


(17) 

Sub,  iiui  supra  est,  poiiitur,  193 

Et  sulidito  subicitur,^ 
Kex  celor(«//i  altissimus 

Coram  iudice  ducitur, 

Et  iudicio  sistitur,  197 

Qui  ludex  est  equissimus, 
Sup«?'ior  sit  iutimi^s, 
Et  virorii?«  nouissinuts, 

A  suis-q((c  reliiiquitur,  201 

De  maximo  iit  iniiiimH.s', 
Et  licet  sit  saiicti.ssiiiuw, 

Reus  mortis  coudicitur  ;         204 

(18) 

Poncio  Pilato,  Feram,  205 

EorL'Ute  ut  uiortiferam 

Contra  ij):?um  senteuciam. 
Ill  cruce  maiium  dexteram 
Altigeudawi,  et  alterawi  209 

Exteiidit  in  aiigariam  ; 

Tu?ic  sQcuiiAum  leremiam' 

Transeu/itibus  per  via//;, 
Potuit  sua7«  asperam  213 

]\Ioiistrare  coutumelia?/i, 

Illatam  per  iuuidiam, 
Cu'rti  uil  egisset  perperam.      216 

(19) 

Crucifixus  ille  fuit,  217 

Et  soluit  quod  lion  rajiuit, 
Dans  aidvHam  in  preciuwi. 

Sua  pena  non  latuit, 

Sanguis  fluens  edocuit,  221 

Et  latus  swwm  pcruium, 
Anime-qitc  diuorcium. 
Qua;ttu/;i-  graue  suppliciuw; 

Pro  lioiHi/(e  sustinuit !  225 

Suu;yi,  (\\io(\uc  obprobriu?;i 
Vnctuxw  oculis  onin\im\, 

Euideuter  hoc  inniiit.  228 

(20) 

Mortuus  est,  eum  tradidit^  229 

Deo  \)ntv\,  et  reddidit, 
Fuse  sanguine,  spiritu??i. 

Morieiis,  artem  condidit, 

Qua  sibi  niorteiu  subdidit,     233 
Sibi  tollens  ius  solitum, 
Hostis  per  ha/ic  depositUHi, 
Quod  tenebat  ad  libitum. 

Confusus  totu?Ji  perdidit,       237 
Infernus-qiie  dans  gemitu?)i, 
Videns  awomm  exitu/n, 

Sibi  doloreiu  addidit.  240 


(21) 


Et  iduo  du//i  moritur, 

Et  duwi.  pc/-  lioc  reuitiitur, 

Fletus  miscetur  gaudio. 
Pro  inorte  iletus  oritur, 
Cu//i  iiinocens  oeciditur,        215 

Pro  alieuo  vicio. 

Fit  autewi  exultacio, 

Cu//i  nieiitali  tripudio,       2-18 
Duwi  per  morte?«  mors  vincitur 

Pio  tame?i  arbitrio 

Videtur-(|He  co?/ipassio 
Satis  in  plus  inteuditur.         252 


241  miller  I'liii- 
tills  l'il;iU', 


261 


264 


(22) 
Sepultus  est  per  triduu7?i, 

VsU  SOpitO  SelJSUU/H., 

Sicut  mortui  seculi, 
Snu/rt  erat  irriguuwi, 
Exliaustu//i  atq«e  arcuum  ; 

Exliausti  o/unes  riuuli, 

Deleti  era/(t  tituli 

Visu  wlgaris'*  oculi. 
Vincisse  I'uisse  suuwi, 

Fuisse  caput  Anguli, 

Ductor  uel  rector  populi, 
Aut  deus  exercituu7/6. 

(23) 

Descendit  eius  aniina, 
Corporis  sancta  victima, 

Relicta  in  sudario, 
Ad  acherontis  infima    [uio,  col.  i] 
Veiiit  ]iro  dragina  deeiina,     269 
Longo  perdita  seiiio, 
Non  ilia  (jue  de  gaudio 
Lapsa  est  a  principio 
Ad  iiit'eriii  nouissima. 
Sed  ilia  procul  dubio, 
(^Hie,  in  ]irimo  poiiierio, 
Rapta  est  fraude  pessima. 


253  ^^'f***  cnicilied, 
dead, 


257 


265  ^"'^  burieil; 
He  ilesfuiidt'J 


273 


276 


(24) 

Ad  inferna,  cu??i  lumine 

Veuiens,  &  in  numine, 
Genus  Adam  visitauit, 

A  liaratri  voragine, 

Deseiitos^  in  caligine, 
Suos  0Hi/(es  liberauit, 
Ille  hostewi.  tu;(C  inacfauit, 
Et  mactatu/yi  spoliauit 

Sua  consuctudine.  285 

Ne  furiat  in  quos  pauit 
Sicut  prius,  et  quos  lauit, 

Fuso  corporis  sanguine.  288 


277  iulu  Hull; 


281 


1  subijcitur,  Pr.        2  Hii-nuiium.  Pr.        3  loaf  105,  col.  i. 
*  vulgaris,  Pr.       ^  ?  Desceusos. 


188 


A  Latin  Poem  on  the  Articles  of  the  Creed. 


(25) 
Uie  third  day  Tercia  die  redijt,  289 

Heroseagiuii  ^^^  tellipllS  lio/t  preteriit, 
aeuU;  Datii/;;  ante  aiuorciU7/i. 

Regrediens,  iiitvoijt 
Potenter  vude  exijt  293 

Corporis  domicilin;/^, 
Lajiis  inagmi.s  ad  liostiuv/i^ 
Datus  in  ]io.stiariu;». ' 
Hu«c  ingressnwi  no«  -  nescijt, 
Cnstotiii7«-([«c  astanciuwt 
Sellercia''  et  studiuwi 
Percipere  non  ne(|uijt.  300 

(26) 
He  ascended   Resurrexit  a  mortuis,  301 

into  Heaven,    l{estnnptis  viliblls  suis, 

Vltia  inorti  non  snbditus, 
Clausis  veiiifi  irriguis 
Et  tersis  plagis  piofhiis,         305 
Impassibilis  penitns, 
Vita  sibi  est  habitus,  [iiir.,eol.2] 
Priiiacio  interitus, 
Realteratis  imituis.  309 

Tliome  testis  est  digitus, 
Vulneribus  appositus, 
Ex  iussu,  clausis  Iannis.        312 


and  sittetii 
on  tlie  right 
Inindof  God 
tlie  Fatlier 
AUniglity ; 


(27) 
Ascendit  supra  syilera,  313 

Et  supra  celi  supera, 

llediens  de  ineolatii, 
Transeundo  per  aera, 
Findens  redeniptis  etliera      317 

Poteutyssimo  volatu. 

Tunc  Rachel,  cu?;i  apparatu'* 

Leticie,  &  ornatu, 
Exiens  sua  camera,  321 

ObuiajH  terso  ploratu, 

Mutato-qvtc  eiulatv, 
Ei  veuit  hyinnifera. 


(28) 


324 


325 


from  tliencc     Ad  celos,  sic  ii9i(mdo  fuit 
He  shall  come  Kegvessus,  et  rehabuit 
to  judge  '^  .'       .     .      ,. 

Honoris  p)-inu  solium, 

Quavido  vnitav/f,  statuit, 

CariieiM  nosirani  et  posuit, 
Caput  esse  celestiuHi  ; 
Tujic  homo  in  exiliuv/i 
Datus,  &  in  oViprobriu;/(. 

Luctmu  tergere  debuit, 
Et  relevare  ciliur/i 
Demissuwi  proptc?-  vicinw;, 

Regraciando  potuit.  336 


329 


333 


(29) 

Sedet  ad  dextera//'.  Dei  337 

Pctris,  coc([ualis  ei, 

Homiiie7/i  sic  m;igiiificaiis, 

Temjnis  sui  lubilei 

Ccignoscens,  et  requiei.  341 

Plus  se  ])enis  no?;,  iiniil leans, 
Modus  suus  est  indieans 
Quod  Iain  index  sit  iudicans, 

Ne  presumajtt  nimis  rei.  345 
Quodq?6c^  deuotus  supplicans," 
Cicius-q«c  ius  vindieans.'' 

Impetrat  premia  spei.  348 

(30) 
Omnipote?/tis  filiuwi  349 

Potencie  non  nesciuwi, 

Hnnc  a?ti»ia  mea  credit ; 
Et  si  quid  est  coutrariu?/j 
Potencie  vcl  obuium,  353 

Huic  inesse  novi,  coucedit, 

Imbecillis  si  aecedit, 

Ad  emu  nwiqtiain  reccdit, 
No;t  rcporta?(s  auxiliuui.        357 

Totum  posse  sno  ceilit. 

Deus  pater,  sibi  dedit 
Regni  celi  douiiniu7/i.  360 

(31) 
Inde  venturus,  In  fine,  361 

Civn  ferula  discipline 

Et  vlcionis  gladio, 
Eductis  tecto  vagiiie 
Pro  iusticie  diuine  365 

Exercendo  iudicio. 

TiDic  disin9i.ete  reuuio 

Hominu;;i  et  reiuuctio^ 
Erit  substancie  blue  369 

Oimiiuvi'-^  qt',c  ostensio 

Actuuvrt  et  operacio^'* 
Absq«c  tegmiue  cortine.         372 

(32) 

ludicare  cu?;i  venict,  373 

NuUus  eu«i  etl'ugiet. 
Nee  h«?;ebit  ditVugium. 

Null«s  ibi  exeipiet, 

NeqHC  deffendere  sciet  377 

Se  pt?-  dccliiiatoriuwi ; 
Nichil  tu«c  dilatoriu?M 
Omnimii  ap})ellanciu/rt 

Valebit  lud  proficiet  381 

Immo  secundum  propriu?;;. 
Opus  ucl  exercitiiwi    [lofi,  ccii.  i] 

Vnusquisqwe  recipiet.  384 


1  ostium  .  .  .  ostiarium,  Pr,        ~  Kgressuin  suum,  I'r.        3  Sollenlia,  I'r. 

*  Oil  manjln  :  Rachel  interpirlata,  vMiki  doinini,  &  sigH«t  cecum  . .  i\iii  in  niortc 
l?  MS. J  slantes  dic/'t  ysajus  [xxxiii.  7J  '  Ang(>li  iiac;x  a[niare]  Hehuwt.'  In  asscnsu 
eiHs  I?  MS.]  5  Ne(ii(e,  I'r.  ''  leaf  KM!,  col.  :i.  "  vendicans,  Pr. 

^  Mis.  ieiunctio.    reiunctio,  Pr.  '■'  Omnium,  Pr.  '"  apertio,  Pr. 


A  Latin  Poem  on  the  Articles  of  the  Creed. 


189 


(33) 

Viuos  &  mortuos  scio  385 

Dissiiimli  stipendio^ 

Ilia  die  premiari, 
Quosda?rt  eterno  gaudio, 
Alios-qwe  incendio  389 

Infernali  numc/-ari ; 

Vinos  se  poteru/tt  fari, 

Et  de  vita  gloiiari, 
Quoruwi  erit  vocacio  ;  393 

Moi'tui-qiic  uo?7ii/iari 

Potern?(t,  et  appellari, 
Qnoruvi  erit  expulsio.  396 

(34) 

Credo,  cxwi  precedentibus,     397 
Et  cntti  predictis  om?abi<s, 

Qnosda-rti  adliuc  articiilos, 
Quos  in  muwdi  ca?«pesti'ibus 
Totis  aniuie  viribus  401 

Colligo  ut  iiianipulos, 
Fidei  navique  ilosculos, 
Hos  siciit  et  preambulos, 
Cognosco  ex  colovibns,  405 

Ad  ipsos  habens  oculos, 
Vt  (liscuiTa7;i  ■per  singulos, 
Noil  exceptis  aliquibus.  408 

(35) 

In  B^^iritum.  sanctuwi  credo,  409 
Licet  fex  siiii,  et  putredo, 

Et  vilis  esca  vermimrt. 
Ips*:  prt<ris  est  (luleedo, 
Est  lili.j,  &"iiiul(,-edo;  413 

Et  consolator  cordiu?H, 

Diceie  potest  omnium. 

Artifex  snm  pc/-^  propriu?M., 
P''/re  iiato-qMc  procedo  ;         417 

Digitus  su;/i  erraneium, 

Teiria  persona  triii??i, 
Procede/is,  nnnquavi  recede, 

(36) 

Saiicta??i  ecclesiam  del  421 

Credo  esse  iiiatre?;i  mei,  [lOT.col.i] 
CunctoT wm-qiie  fideliuwi. 

Qui  coiitrariaiititr  ei, 

Facti  suvtt  owtni^o  rei ;  425 

Erit  eis  opprobriu?n. 
I'ro  liac,  ([uonda/».  mavtirmm 
I'assi  su;it,  et  suppliciu?;i 

Bold  athlete  fidei  ;  429 

C!raciitatu?«  vestigiu JH , 
Et  Koiua,  cap«.t  genciuv/i, 

Testes  liu/it  liuiws  rei.  432 


(37) 

Catholica??i,  lianc  clamito, 
Et  referta?»  recogito 

Septez/i  medicinalibus, 
Distiiictis  quasi  digito, 
Ad  succurrenduHi  pcnlito 

lu  distinctis  laiigoribus,'* 

Priniu//i,  origiualibus, 

Medelam  coufert  ouDiibus, 
Alia  q«c  uon  hesito,  441 

Daiit  diucrsis  respectibus 

Cura?;i  iiifirniitatibus, 
Seruato  modo  debito.  444 


433  tlie  riniok  and 
the  dead. 


437 


(38) 

Sanctorum  communione?;i 

Et  glorificacioncm 

111  celesti  ecckvsia, 
( 'redo  per  assercionem 
Et  pf?'  affirmaeiouejTi 

07/tnis  lionoraiis^  dulia, 

Ali(iuos  yperdulia, 

8olu//i  denm-n^uc  latria, 
Poiiendo  dietiuccioiioH, 

Satis  sperans  de  veiiia, 

Si  sua  patrocinia 
Pro  me  present®  caucioiie»i.  456 


445  I  believe  in 
tlie  llulv 
Glidst,  tiic 
lioly  e'alliulii- 
Cliuvcli, 

449 


453 


(39) 

Remissionem  fieri, 

Peccatoru?H,  ut  reperi, 
Credo  per  peniteiicia)H, 

Per  naaiiiaii,  liocsuggeri,  [l07,r.2] 

In  agro  regum  veteri,  4(il 

Dico  ad  euideiicia?rt, 
Nam  sicut  hie  mu7!dicia7/t 
In  aquis,  et  carenciam 

Lejire,  ut  caro  pueii,  465 

llecepit :  sic  })er  gratiam,, 
Peniteiis,  reueitenciav/i 

Habet  a  porta  infcri.  468 


457  tlie  Commu- 
nion of 
Saints, 


(40) 


Peccatoru?;i  sic  maculas, 

Et  spirituales  pustulas, 
Assero  jiurifieari  ; 

Aliter  has  vt  stipulas, 

Ad  infernales  foculas,^  473 

Om«es  dico  destiiiari, 
Perheniiiter  has  vcrsari. 
In  Ichenna^  et  cremari, 

Et  spiiiaru//i  sarcinulas,  477 

Ex  ipsis  <iuoq«c  parari, 
Hosti  (pii  iiu/(qMrt?rt  predari, 

Sicut  sorbiciunculas.  480 


409  tlie  Foi-frivc- 
ness  of  Sins, 


'  dispendio,  Pr. 
5  Omnes  adonins,  Pr. 


atque,  Pr. 
''  prestenl,  Pr. 


■*  et,  Pr.  ♦  languoribus,  Pr. 

7  faculas,  Pr.  '^  ielienna  Pr. 


11)0  A  Latin  Poem  on,  the  Articles  of  tJtc  Creed. 


(41) 
tiic  Resmi-ec-  Camis  resurrectione??!,  4S1 

tioii  <)t  ilie       At(|y(''  i-eeo'/uiiccioiiu>/t 
liie  evei-liisi-         lunctiivaru;/i  et  ossiu//t 
iiig-  Post  vite  reunione7«, 

Ad  reiklenda?;;,  racionc//i.        485 
Fiiteor  ad  iudicim;i, 
Ad  coiiser|uendii?;(  premiu?«, 
Per  actum  meritoiiuHi, 
Ati['ue  retribricioneiM  489 

Hahenduiii,  vel  siip])liciu7». 
Fir  comiiiissm«  coiit/-(Miu/// 
Atq?<c  coJidempnacioiicMi..       492 


(42) 
Vitam  eternam  tirmiter         493 
C'l'cdo,  et  liav/c  fiiialitcr 

Dico  metsLVi^  incolatus, 
Felix  qui  vadit  taliter, 
Qici,  non  pc/dit  suu?^'-'  iter,    497 

SanctJts  quoqwc,  et  beatus 

Ibi  oni?«.s  collocatiis,  [io7,col.:i] 

Vere  est  glorificatus, 
Et  lam  viuit  feliciter,  501 

Canctus  ibi  sit  jjaratus, 

Glorie  locus,  et  datus 
Sine  fine  pcrlienniter.  504 


(43) 
Aiiipii.  Amen,  corde  dicc/js  erf;o,       505 

Volo  ego  aui  niergo, 

Dissiniilis  uon  fiery  ;  "* 
Nam  si  nimis  me  inuiiergo, 
Vel  profunde  nimis  pergo,      509 

Vadens  ad  portas  inferi. 

Si  errans  vmlira'*  vesperi 

Laberintho,  ut  ])Ueii, 
Ad  leuam  me  nimis  vevgo      513 

Tuto  volo  itineri, 

Redire  cursu  celeri, 
Res2)ieere-q«c  a  tergo.^  516 

1  niollinm,  Pi'.        2  q,,,-  suum  non  penlit,  Pr.        ^  fieri,  Pr.        '  vmbras,  Pr. 
5  SG  French  lines  (lo  Jiydf^iite's  Vt'l)  tolluw  on  Fuillet  xxiiij  before  tlie  2ncl  Latin  poem  begins. 

T/if  PU(irhn.  [TllG     Pilgrill),] 

Wyth  thys  skryppe  wlian  I  was  bou/tde,  7037 

Glad  I  was,  &  ful  JocoiUide  ; 
I  ask  Grace      Alul  tliaii  I  mill  a-nooii  ciKiuere, 

DicH  about  °  "^  - 

the  girdle.       Pr«yede  slie  Avolde  vii-to  me  lere.  70-40 

(Lyst  that  tlier  wer  any  lak) 

Off  the  gyrdel  that  she  off  spak, 

That  I  niyghte  vnderstonde  arylit 
.  The  thyng  that  she  liadde  me  bohyht.  70-14 

Gnwe  Dieii.       Giace  dleu : 
[Cup.  civ.        Quod  Grace  dieu,  'touchyng  al  thys, 

prose.]  '  '      '" 

Ott  thy  gyrdel  &  my  promj's, 
She  says  I       Tliow  sholdcst  (off  good  eiiteiiciuiu/) 

have  askt  for      flvi'st  Va-Xyd"  A  UorduU/?,  [>=  have  askt,  y  axede  St.]     /048 

a  Staff,  J  J       J  ' 

The  to  siistene  nyht  &  day, 

And  supporte  the  on  thy  way 

"Wlierso  that  tliow  go'^  or  walke.  [-goost.] 

And  afftcr,  I  caste  mo  to  talke  70r)2 

W/t/;  the,  and  pk^ynly  elc  expressc 

()n'  tlic  gyrdel  oil'  lyhtwysncsse. 


Grace  Dicu  describes  the  Staff  cakl  "Good  Hoite."  101 

'  Piut  flyrst  tak  lied  off  the  Bordoii?^,  [leaf  ms] 

llow  yt  ys  good  in  ecli  sesou/;,  7056    -liUll — 'lUi, 

iloi-  1)0  iiat  fallethi  coinoiu/ly  ['  frayiieth  st.j 

That  Icneth  ther  on  stedefastly. 

ffor  wych  thow  shalt  (as  yt  ys  rylit,)  J;^  PlHuf,". 

WM  al  tliy  fforce  &  al  thy  niyght,  TOGO 

Tlier-on  reste,  what  so  be-falle. 
And  trewly  thow  shalt  nat  falle, 
Wliat  perillovis  passage  that  thow  go, 
As  longe  as  thow  takest  hed  ther-to,    [stowe,  leaf  12s]  7004 
And,  tavoyde^  aAvay  dyspcyr,  [no  avoydc  St.] 

"Wherso  thow  gost  in  foul  or  ffayr. 
Or  what  fortune  the  be-falle. 

"Good  hoije"  alway  thow  .shalt  yt  calle  :  70GS    Tiienamoot 

Thys  the  name  off  thy  Eordou/i,  -cooa  H(>i.e,' 

•'  ''  '  111  Freiicli 

L)&  trust  &  treAve  atfecciou;/,  *  Espei-anoe.- 

AVycli  ys  callyd  Esperau»ce, 

Affter  the  speche  vsyd  in  frau??ce,  7072 

And  the  mane)'  off  that  language.-''         p  lansage  st.] 

'  And  looke  alway,  in  thy  passage, 
Tliat  thow  holde  the  wel  ther-by. 

And  ther-on  reste  feythfully  7076    i  must  always 

_  ,,  111  1  "^**'' ""  ''• 

in  peryllous  pathys  wher  thow  wende. 

And  by  the  pomellys  at  the  Ende, 

Holde  the  strongly,  I  the  rede, 

ffor  they  shal,  in  al  thy  ncde  7080 

Sustene  the,  thow^  falle  niiuht,  [' tiiat  iiiou] 

'  The  hiher  pomel  (yiff  yt  bo  souht)  [Cap.  rv, 

Ys  i//psu  cryst :  haue  hym  in  myjide  ;  xiie  iiisiiop 

And  in  scrypture  (as  thow  shalt  fynde.)  7084    rhe'l'micittiie 

He  ys  the  niorour^  cler  &  bryht,  [■•  wcinm- st.j  chvist,  '^' 

W*t/<-oute  spot,  (bothe  day  &  uyht,) 

In  the  wyche,  a  man,  by  grace,  !^:'i:io'i'''>  vi.r  spof«im» 

•J  '  'JO  J        sun;  iiiacula.    i^t.,  om.  C. 

IMay  beholde  hys  owne  fface,  7088 

In  wych  nierour  (as  I  tolde)  [leaf  108,  bk.i 

Al  the  world  ouhte  be-holde. 

In  wych  also  men  may  fynde 

Alle  thynges  wrouht  be  kynde.  7092 

Iveste  vp-on  hym  with  herte  a;/d  thouht, 

And  go  surly,  &  dred  the  nouht ; 


1 02    Tlic  tvjo  Pommels  of  the  rUgrim's  Staff:  Christ  &  Mary. 


[Cap.  cvi, 

I)rose.] 
The  lowei' 
pommel  is 
the  '  Maid ' 
wlio  excels 
all  otlier  in 
beauty  and 
bounty, 


the  oarbuncle 
that  ilUi- 
minos  the 
whole  world. 


She  is  the 
t  rue  gniile  of 
pilgrims. 


[leaf  in;i] 

Slie  is  set  low 
down  in  the 
pommel, 


And  to  liys  heliiJi  alway  callc,  7095 

And  truste  wel  tliow  slialt  nat  falle.     [stowe,  leaf  i28,  back] 

'The  totlier  pomel  lowered  douw,       [' lower st.] 
Wych  (wit/i-oute  co/»parisou?i, 
Yiff  I  slial  the  trouthe  telle) 
Ys  the  Mayde  that  doth  excelle 
Al  other  off  bewte  &  boiuite  ; 
ffor  she,  in  hyr  vyrgynyte, 
Bar  a  chyld  in  thys  world  here, 
INIayde  &  moder  bothe  yfere, 
The  Charbou/icle  most  cler  off  lyht, 
Chasynge  away  dyrknesse  off  nyht, 
And  al  thys  world  doth  enlwmyne  ; 
The  ffresshe  bemys  so  clerly  shyne. 
Al  that  go  niys  in  ther  passage, 
Or  erryn  in  ther  pylgryniage  ; 
Or  ffolk  that  gon  out  off  her  way, 
(As  wel  be  nyhte  as  be  day, 
I  dar  afferme  yt  in  certeyn) 
81ie  maketh  hem  to  resorte  ageyn 
Vn-to  the  ryhtij  weye  a-noon  : 
ffor  to  pylgrymiis  euerychon 
She  ys  the  trewe  Gyderesse  ; 
And  ther  socour  in  al  dyrknesse ; 
And  yiff  they  slydre,  or  fallij  dou?«, 
Thys  Emperesse  off  most  renou«. 
Only  off  mercy,  doth  hem  releue. 
That  no  thyng  ne  may  hem  greue 
In  ther  passage  nyh  nor  ferre, 
For  she  ys  the  loode  sterre, 
WitA  her  bryhte  bemys  clere, 
To  al-  pylgrymes  in  thys  lyft"  here. 
That  han  to  hyre  affectyou«. 

^  And  for  that  skyle,  in  thys  bordou??,    [stowe,  leaf  129] 
In  thys  pomel  (yiff  thow  kanst  knowe) 

She  ys  ySCt  her  d0U?i  alowe^    [^  ysette  . .  alowe  St.,  yset  lowe  C] 

I>y  an  Arche  ymad  oft"  newe  : 

No  charboiwiclc  so  bryht  oft'  hewc,  7132 

Nor  noon  other  precyous  ston, 

lickne  the  .xij.'  eufrychon.  r'lweivr] 


7100 


7104 


7108 


7112 


116 


7120 


7124 

['■'Talc.,  TallcSt.] 

7127 


Virgin  Mary  is  the  lover  Pommrl  on  the  rUgrviiiii  Stajf.   10' 


in  nrfler  to 
save  pil- 
grims, 


to  whom  she 
is  cliiel'  pom- 
fort. 


*  And  in  tliys  bordou??,  looke  wel 

How  she  ys  set  for  a  pomel,  7136 

Pjlgrymes  to  saue,  they^  be  nat  lorn,      ['  that  they] 
^yher-as  ther  was  but  On  to-forn. 

'  But  thys  poniel  most  brylit  &  shene, 
Pylgrymes  only  to  sustene,  7110 

Ys  set  in  ful  goodely  wyse  ; 

ffor  ellys  myghte^  nat  suilyse  [' myghte  yt  St.] 

The  tother,  but  she  wer  ther  also, 
Hem  to  supporte,  wher-so  they  go.  7144 

ffor  she  ys  mene,  (&  that  ful  offte,) 
To  the  pomel  hifi  a^-loff te  :  p  off  st.] 

Thys  to  seyne,  thys  heuenely  quene, 
To  hyr  sone  ys  euere  a  mene ;  7148 

Cou??ifort  most  prmcypal  &  cheff 
Tal*  pylgrymes  in  ther  myscheff,      [^Toaii.  Tyist.] 
Hem  to  supporte,  who  taketh  hede,  7151 

'  And  therfore  whan  thou  hauest^  nede,     [nuistest.] 
Trust  on  hyre,  ^  neuere  varye, 
ffor  she  ys  most  necessarye 

To  holde^  hem  vp  in  ther  passage,    [« To  hoide  St.,  Touie  c] 
Wher  they  ben  old  or  yong  off  age.  7156 

Leue  on  hyre,  what  so  befalle, 
&  in  thy  way  thow  shalt  nat  falle, 
Yiff  that  thow  in  eche  sosoum 

Haue  in  hyre  affecciiou?^,  7160 

Thow  mayst  nat  stoinble  nouther  slydre  [stowe,  leaf  129,  bk.] 
Whan  thys  pomellys  ben  to-gydre  ; 
She  ys  the  pomel  set  mor  lowe. 

By  whose  helpe,  (as  thow  shalt  knowe,  7164  [leaf  109,  bk-.] 

And  as  I  shal  the  trewly  teche,) 
To  the  hiher  thow  shalt  wel  reche ; 
Bothe  wrouht  off  Stonys  clere  : 

And  yiff  thow  loue  on  bothe  yfere,  7168 

Thow  mayst  trust,  thorgh  ther  myght, 
Thow  shalt  nat  falle,  but  gon  vp  ryht. 

'  Wherfor,  for  thy  sauacyou??. 
Hold  the  wel  by  thys  Bordoure  7172 

Wycli  ys  mad  ful  stronge,  to  laste  ; 
And  therfor,  therby  hold  the  faste  ; 

PILGRIMAGE.  O 


whether  they 
be  old  or 
young. 


She  is  tlic 
pommel  set 
lower  down, 
by  whose 
help  tlie  pil- 
grim reaches 
the  higher 
one. 


194  Each  I'mnmd  has  an  loiscrijMon.  l.onGod;  ^J.theVirf/in. 


For  both 
pommels 
llieve  is  a 
writing. 


1.  for  Hie  top 
pommel, 


2.  lor  tlie 
lower  one. 


Trust  on  yt  &  iiat  ne  feyne  ; 
Ifor  tbys  pomellys  h(jtlie  tweyne 
Ben  so  noble  and  ifayr  off  sylit, 
So  glad,  so  cou»<fortable  &  brybfc, 
And  lyk  tliy^  skrj^pe  (I  the  ensure,) 
Tliow  slialt  ffor  ech  baue  a  scrypture 
Yiff  tliow  kanst  hem  vnderstond  : 
Lo,  baue  he?«  here  now  in  thy?*  hond ; 
And  consydre  &  loke  hem  wel : 
The  ffyrst  toucheth  the  pomel, 
Yset  a-loffte  most  cheffly  ; 
And  the  tother,  M'ryt  ther-by, 
(Shortly,  for  thow  shalt  nat  tarye) 
Longeth  to  the  Secou?idarye. 


7176 


[1  the  St.] 


7180 


7184 


7188 


Father,  Crea- 
tor of  all 
things. 


onr  only  re- 
medy, 


[St.]  Pater  Creator  O/nmivn  [&  cetera,  whir-he  slioulil  folowe. 

[John  Stowe,  leaf  109,  baek] 

I.    A   LATIN   POEM   ON   GOD   IX   TlilXITY. 

[Not  in  St.] 
(37  stanzas,  of  12  lines  each,  ryming  aab  aabbb  abba.) 


(1) 


p     ater,  creator  oi/iziiiwi,"         1 
Origo  et  principiuni 

A  quo  cansantur  om?iia. 
Ad  te,  tuarjtm  ouiuwt, 
Tuoru7ft  grex  fidelium,  f) 

Alta  mittit  suspiria, 

In  lletn  et  miseiia, 

Captiuati  pc?'  deuia, 
Non  habemns  reniediu?»,  9 

Nisi  tua  clemencia, 

Tua  paterna  gracia 
Nobis  lerat  auxilium.  [if.  no]  1? 


(2) 
3  Noster  voluisti  esse,  1 3 

Ne  nobis  esset  neccesse, 

Extra  te  quicqua/H  querere 
Non  poteras  plus  prodesse, 
Neqitc  de  maiori  messe  17 

Nobis  ynqwam  tiibuere  ; 

Solus  debes  sufficere, 

Quia  solus  reficere 
Potes  mentes  plebis  fesse,        21 

Aliud  q/i«m  te  temere  ; 

Auern?(s  nam  deficere 
Restat,  si  velis  abesse.  2i 


Father,  Son, 
and  Holy 
•  Jhiist,  ;i  in  1, 
and  1  in  3, 
cleanse  ns 
from  crime ! 

ThuR  clennsd, 
aiid  us  to  the 
faithful! 
I'raise  ever- 
lasting he  to 
Father,  Son, 
and  Holy 
Spirit ! 


^  Another  short  hymn  has  the  same  title  : 

18.    DE   SANCTA    TRINITATE. 


(1) 
Pater,  creator  omnium, 

donans  cuncta  per  filium, 

accepta  nostros  genitus 

per  dona  sancti  spiritus 

(2) 
0  unitatis  trinitas 
et  trinitatis  unitas  ! 
pro  tuo  sancto  nomine, 
emunda  nos  a  crimine  ! 


(3) 
Mundatos  a  criniinibus, 
dona  virtutum  floribus, 
et  in  polorum  sedibus 
fac  jungi  cum  fidelibus.  12 

(4) 
Sit  laus  patri  per  ssecula, 
agnoque  sine  macula, 
atque  sancto  spiritui, 
quo  mereamur  porl'rui.     Amon ! 


Mone,  Latcinisclic  Ilymncn  dcs  Mittelaltera,  1.  25  (1853). 

3  A  f!ap  for  the  first  word  of  every  stanza  was  left  blank  for  the  Ruhriealor  lo  lill 
in ;  hut  he  hasnt  fild  it.  1  therefore  insert  the  words  from  the  old  printed  beok, 
ab.  l.")00. 


Tlie  first  Latin  Poem,  on  God  in  Trinity. 


185 


(3) 

Qvies  Fuisti,  et  eris  ;  25 

I'ater,  succurre  nii.seris, 
Qui  noil  iiianemws  in  idem, 

Idem  ipse  tu  diceris, 

Qui  \\v\n({ua,m  pcj-mutalieris,   29 
Maiiens  sempp?"  in  ibidem,^ 
Sicut  hoc  crediniKs  quidem, 
Fac,  pater,  per  istam  fidein, 

Vt  noxas  iwstv'i  sceleris,  33 

Diinittas  nobis  totidem, 
Quotiens  promisit  pridem, 

Redemptor  nos^ri  generis.         36 


(4) 


37 


41 


In  celis  sursu?«  habitas, 
Qui  in  terris  nos  visitas, 
Dominiis  exercituma, 
Si  non  feris  aut  excitas, 
Nos  remissos  won  suscitas 
Ad  ullum  opus  strenuuni, 
Ad  volandu?u  in  arduu^;, 
Et  alta?«  messem  fructuuwi, 
Alas  habens  irritas,  45 

Laboramiw  in  vacuuwi, 
Nee  habemus  irriguuwi, 
Nisi  tua  det  bouitas.  48 

(5) 
Sanctificetur,  dicimus,  49 

Nomen  tau?)i,  quod  colimus 
Et  quod  est  ammirabile,^ 
Sine  quo  recognoscimus, 
Et  audacter  proferimus  53 

Nil  sanctu?«,  nil  valibile,^ 
Serf  cxim  non  sit  hoc  facile 
Laudare,  wee.  possibile 
Eo-q?4e  non  sufficimus.  57 

Tamen,  prout  optabilc* 
t'ordibus  est,  k  habile,* 
Ad  laudauditwi.  assurginiws.     60 

(6) 

Nomen  tibi^  alplia  &  O,  61 

Significans,  in  secrete, 
Finem  atnwe  principiujH, 

Tali  decet  aiphalieto, 

Nos  studere  corde  leto,  65 

Leccio  est  credenciu7;i, 
Theologos  hoc  studiuwt 
Nos  facit  et  ad  soliu?;i 

De  mu?uli  arundineto  69 

Transfert,  muta«s  in  gaudiuwi, 
Misenimuwi  naufragiuv;i 

Quod  patinwir  in  hoc  tfieto.     72 


(7) 


Tuum  pater  est  p?-opriu?«, 

Non  annexum  ]}cr  aliu;«, 
Misereri  et  parcere 

De  te,  swwii  tentoriuwi, 

Et  suu;/(.  diuersoriu7/i,  77 

Debent  filij  lacere 
]\Iorte?«.  non  vis,  sed  viuere, 
Vis  om»cs  qui  eouuez-tere 

Se  voluwt  \\cr  suspiriu)H.  81 

Nu»/,qu«??i  uis  tuoe  perdere, 
Nee  pullos  inilus  tradcre, 

Quoru?^i  tu  es  refugium.  84 


73  '>plp  us  in 
misery,  wlio 
labour  in  vain 
without  Xby 
grace ! 


(8) 

Adueniat  ergo  deus, 

Aliquando  iubileus, 
Nobis  datis  exilio, 

Si  quisqifft?/;  nostrum  est  reus, 

Nee  est  ibi  Machabeus,  i. 

Qui  fortis  sit  in  jn-elio,^ 
Non  propter  lioc  iiitencio 
Tua  sit  ut  nos  gladio, 

Vastet,  Golyath,  (3etheus 
Semper  eiiiw*.  in  vinio^ 
Nobis  nocet  fe^*'  iiiuio, 

Factus  seon  a-morreus. 


85  May  Thy 
Xame  be 
sanctifieil, 
Alplia  and 
OnieKa, 
i'lian},'inp^  our 
vioe  to  joy. 


93 


96 


(9) 


Regnum  tuum,  vt  dieitur, 

Rex  eterne,  vim  patitur. 
Violent! ^^  hoc  rapiunt. 

Virtu  til  )7/-s  concutit^tr, 

Penitencia  pellitur, 
Freces  illud  ettbdiunt. 
Si  ista  no7i  sufficiu»t, 
]\Iachinas  multi  faciunt 

Quilws-  super  a.scenditur, 
Na;»  quida;«  se  subjciunt,^- 
Votis  quibus  obediunt, 

Ars  ista  rmm^iiam  fallitur.     108 


97  Thou  wishest 
us  to  live,  not 
die ;  come  to 
our  rescue ! 


101 


lOt 


(10) 

Fiat  ergo  per  graiietm, 

Quia  talem  violencia»i- 
Permittis  illuc  intrem?«, 

Et  muroruwi  custodinm, 

Non  des  ad  resistencia»i        113 
Quia  iiiehil  tu?ic  possenviw, 
Artem  nee  vires  h«?)emus, 
Vt  per  horam  sola»r^^  stemus, 

Nisi  tu  des  constancia?yi,        117 
Rutrocedere  solemiis, 
Qua«do  adire  debemus 

Illud  reguu?/;.  et  p«<riam.       120 


]  09  Thy  kingdom 
sutlers  vio- 
lence :  let  us 
enter  it  by 
Prayer  and 
Penitence ! 


1  id  idem.        2  admirabile,  Pr.    leaf  110,  col.  2.        3  Uiudabile,  Pr. 

*  pro  vt  est  habile.  Pi".        ^  Cordibns  et  optabile,  Pr.        '"'  tuum,  I'r. 

7  leaf  110,  col,  8.       X  Ktbeus,  Pr.       a  viuio,  Pr.       i»  in,  Pr.       n  Kt  violculi,  Pr. 

I*  sufficiunt,  Pr,       »  Et .  .  .  solum,  Pr. 


106 


The  Jirst  Latin  Pucm,  on  God  in   Triniti/. 


(11) 


Thy  will  is  to  Voluntas  tiia  saluare 
save  men :       gg^-  ho/uiy/es,^  et  iuuare 

lielp  IIS  ;  W"  ' 

seek  Tliee 

alone. 


121 


Tliee,  wlio 
vuleBt  in 
Heaven,  we 
worship. 
Weeping. 


In  tribulacionibus  ; 

A  mari'usqwe  ad  mare, 

Vnire  et  co?;gregare  125 

Cujictos  de  nacionibns, 
Dehiles  cii?;;  paupc/ibus, 
Preparatis  iam  omnihun 

Ad  cena?R  tna7/i  vocare,-        129 
Pusillis  cwn  niaioribiis, 
In  opoitunitatibus 

Auxiliu/?t  ministrare.  132 

(12) 

Sicut,  pater,  hoc  credimi^s,    133 

Sicut  de  hoc  confidim«s, 
Sic  nobis  auxiliaris, 

Aliunde  noii  querinius 

Auxiliu//A,  nee  petimus,  137 

Quia  solus  tu  mederis. 
Si  no?i  aliquando  feris 
Pro  nos^ris  culpis  et  teris. 

Nou  pj-opter  hoc  diffidinms,  141 
SciniMs  eni/«  ([uia  geris 
Cura?«  no.s^ri,  et  nos^  queris 

Quando  a  te'*  recedimus.        144 


\Vg  pray 
Thee,  he 
mill  J  fill  of  us 
sinners  on 
earth. 


(13) 

In  celo,  supra  spericam  145 

Kotantis  mu«di  fabrica/H, 

Immobilis  dominaris, 
Sedem  tenens  teatricawi,^ 
Aciem  tua?H.  bellicani,  149 

De  exeelso  coj^templaris  ; 
Nos  eccitas,  uos  hortaris, 
Vt  sit  toga  militaris, 
Prius  tincta  ])er  rulirica?)),     153 
Quain  hostis  faniiliaris 
Nobis  tollat  tuis  caris 
Innocencie  tunieani.  156 

(14) 

Weearnonr    Et  qtiia,  sine  viribus  157 

body's  bread    Et  armis  spiritalihus, 

bv  sweat ;  ,  .   ^  i    j       n 

oiirsHiii  Accessimus  ad  duellum, 

(h-siits  tiie      Quia,  nullis  verboribus 
l!r«i(iotihy  l)omatu7?i,  ucl  calcaribus,      161 
Sentim«s  carnis  asellu?ft. 
Ideo,  sanctum  scabellu;;(, 
Quo  stas,  ad  videndu//i  belluwi, 
Adoranifw  cu?/i  fletibus,^ 
Et  ips?nnniet  doniicelluHi 
Fer  ydoneuwi  flagelhi//(,      167 
Subicias  supplicibus.        [leafiii] 


(15) 

In  terra,  nos  te  colonum,       169 
Et  in  celo  te  patronu//i  [?  MS.] 

Animarum  cognoscimus, 
I'^t  te''  de\i7n  ulcionuwi 
Esse,  et  punicionujn  173 

In  inferno  nietuiniMs. 

Et  ideo  requirimus, 

Et  devote  assistimus  176 

Ante  tuuwt  sanctum  thronuui ; 

Vt  nobis,  qui  peccauim?<s, 

Sis,  vt  de  te  p?-csumimMs, 
Memor  miseracionu?/!.  180 

(16) 

Panem  nostrum  In  sudore     181 
Vescendu/H,  et  in  labore, 

Dedisti  a  principio, 
Vsq«c  niodo  tali  more 
Ip.so  mixto  cu//i,  meroro,*       185 

Nos/ra  fuit  refectio  ; 

Sed,  ne  asset  fastidio, 

Prouidisti  de  alio, 
Longe  satis  meliore  ;  189 

Hoc  est,  de  tuo  filio. 

In  que//i  panis  co/u;ersio 
Fit,  ipso  inslitutore.  192 

(17) 
Quotidianum  petimus  193 

Hunc  pane?/i,  et  requirimws, 

Cotidie  indigentes, 
Primu»i  exactor  proximits 
Secundinn  petit  animus  ;       197 
Sine  ipso  morientes, 
P?'imo  uiuunt  om/(rs  gentes, 
Sed  secu«do  penitentes 
Quia  panis  est  azimus,  201 

Ideo,  accipientes 
Om»i  ferme;!to  cardites, 
Debeut  esse,"  vt  credinii/s.     204 

(18) 

Da  pancwi  istu?H,  dominc,      205 
Ytrum([uc  qui  pro  homine, 

Vtro([;<c  fuit  pensatus,     [iii,2] 
Sustentet  moderamine, 
Vn7fs  vnu»i,  sed  minime        209 

Fiet  alter  saciatus, 

Si  in  nobis  sit  reatus,  [?  JIS.] 

Vcr  que;«,  no])is  sis  iratus. 
Non  propter  hoc  in  turbine,  213 

Vindicte  sis  recordatus  ; 

Sed  memor  sis,  qworf  nos  natus 
Thus  redemit  sanguine.         216 


1  homints,  Pr.        ^  leaf  Uf),  col.  i.        3  nostri  nosqwf,  Pr. 

•*  A  te  (luando,  Pr.        ^  thcaricam,  I'r.        f'  flarihus.  ('.        '  te,  Vr.,  om.  C. 

8  tali  more,  Pr.       '■>  Ksse  ilelx'iit,  Pr. 


The  first  Latin  Poem,  on  God  in  Tvinitij. 


197 


(19) 

Noliis  tuis  paupc/ibus  217 

Jn  lacu?«  descendeutibus, 

Succurrere  uo/^  rcnuit. 
Nawi  mactatus  vCT-beril)Us, 
Et  perfossus^  vulneribus,       221 

Pro  nobis  mori  voluit, 

Et-  proprijs  se  exiiit, 

Et  soluit  quod  no??,  rapuit, 
Obses  pro  peccre/oribus,  225 

Mors  sua  nosCram  diluit, 

Set^  peiiitere  debuit 
Pro  ta?/i.  caris  operibus.  228 

(20) 

Hodie  et  cotidie,  229 

Simili  vena  Yenie, 

Egeremzfs  lame  niiiiui, 
Nisi  sue  ta??t  niniie 
Kiui  niisericordie  233 

Nosiro  cedereut  vsni 

Per  ipsos  eni/?(,  ablui, 

Crediin?{s  qui  assidui 
Sumj^s  culpis  nequicie,  237 

Supposito-q((c  fletui, 

Debito  qi?f  gemitui, 
Nos  demus  volu/i-tarie.  240 


241 


245 


(21) 

Et  quia  digne  lugere 

Non  possumiis,  ne(i?<c  flere, 
Si  exigu?(t  deme/ita, 

Nee  hafiemus  quo  supplere 

Nisi  solu>?i  miserere, 
Quia  no??,  valent  mc?-ita, 
Nostra  quoqife  sunt  irrita [ui  s] 
Anima  nostra  perdita  ; 

Ideo  claniamus  vere,  [?  MS.]  249 
Respice  nos,  et  visita, 
Et  erige  &  suscita,  [?  MS.] 

Non  nos  sinens  plus  iacere.  252 


(22) 


253 


Dimitte  nobis,  &  quita 

Pcccn^a,  pater,  oblita  ; 
Et  dele  de  libro  tuo 

Ilia  a.iitc»i  que  su?it  scita. 

Lamentari  nos  fac*  ita 
Ne  scribantur  pc?-petuo. 
Non  sunt  vnu?;?.,  no??  sunt  duo. 
Nee  numeranda  biduo  ;  ^ 

Sed  sunt  q?i«si  infinita, 
Non  habita  ex  mutuo, 
Neq?<e  facta  in  triduo, 

Sed  in  tota  nostra  vita.^ 


257 


261 


264 


(23) 

Debita  ipsa  nouiin?(s, 
Nam  pro  pecc«<is  tradiiuiw 

Animas  in  obsidiu?/?. 
Penes  nos  non  habuiniKS, 
Nee  in  domo  inuenim(6s 

Vllu???,  carius  vadiu???. 

Devs,  nostru??i  refugiu//?, 

Tu,  nosti  vsurariuz/i, 
Cui  nos  ol)ligauimus, 

Nisi  feras  auxilium, 

Vel  eum  coga.s  nimiu/??, 
Totm?*  nostrum  amisinius. 

(24) 

Nostra  esse  hec  debita 
Propter  que  sic  est  subdita 

Anima  vsurario, 
Non  negam«5,  ne  irrita, 
Et  tibi  ingratuita 

Esset  ilia  negacio. 

Talis  tamen  confessio 

Nu??q??.rt>??  dicit  sufficio, 
Neq?4c  tibi  sit  jilacita 

Nisi  feruens  deuocio 

Et  amara  contricio  [If. ill, col. 4] 
Dicat  fleo  deperdita.  288 


265  ^''  '''^'g"<i  to 
7  die  lor  us. 


269 


273 


276 


277   Look  oi\  us, 
and  raise  us ; 
blot  out  our 
iiiiiutnerable 

sins ! 

281 


285 


(25) 

Sicut  ergo  debitores 

Et  miseri  pccc«<ore.s, 
Egemus  indulgencia  ; 

Sic  quoq?«e  condonatores 

Rancoris,  et  quittatore.s, 
Volum?t.s  vti  venia  ; 
In  tua  na??iq?(c  curia. 
Rancor  et  iracu?(dia 

Non  sunt  boni  petitores. 
Nam  vindicte  pro  gracia 
Et  pro  misericordia 

Noscuntur  reportatores. 

(26) 

Et  Ideo  indulgemus 
Iniurias,  vt  vellemus 

Eas  nobis  indulgeri. 
Nil  rancoris  retinemjw 
In  cordibus,  nee  habemus 
Quod  no?i  sit  anion's  veri. 
Si  fuimiw  nimis  feri, 
Et  ad  indulgendu7?i  seri, 
Et  vltores  si  possemus, 
NosM  velis  misereri, 
Et  cordibus  sic  mederi, 
Vt  in  charitate  stemus. 


289  God,  our  re- 
fuge, help  us 
to  iiiiy  our 
debts  for  our 
sins! 

293 


297 


300 


301   As  debtors, 
we  pray  Tliy 
favour.    We 
have  love  iu 
our  hearts. 

305 


309 


312 


1  confossus,  Pr. 
5  triduo,  Pr. 


2  Et  ex,  Pr.       3  Sed,  Pr.        *  fac  nos,  Pr. 
6  vita  nostra,  Pr.       ''  dedimus,  Pr. 


198 


The  first  Latin  Poem,  on  God  in  Trinity. 


Thff,  il'the 
Holy  Spirit 
toacli  us. 


(27) 
Tiuis  only       JiJqs  seiinM.9  naoil  non  aliter' 

can  fiur  XT     /  i.-1-t 

liiavirs  reacli  -Nescre  preces  vtihter 

Asceiidir/it  ad  te,  do?/(  tne. 

Credinr(«s  (];uo(\He  finniter 

(^tiod  ascendu/^t  veloniter       317 
Si  siiit  sine  ruliigiiie, 
Si  lacnman'/H  Huniiiie, 
Corda  cui/(  iH'nitudiiie 

Lauentur  efficaciter,  321 

Et  mu?tda  mens  a  crimine, 
Vt  vis  valet  in  ho/za/je, 

Te  requirat  huv/iiliter.  324 


(28) 
For  our  iron    Dimittimus,  si  corditus 

liearts  we  ^,         i-      i- 

Lunctis  dicanvM*  jienitus. 


325 


Hoc  totnm  ualet  supplere,' 


need  1.  re- 
membrance 

itrin'g. Love,  ^^  WirituB  paraclitus, 

^'  Dextere  tue  digitus,  [?  MS.]  329 

Ad  lioc  velit  nos  docere. 
Sine  ipso,  nwnciuain  vera 
Iniurias  indulgere 
Potest  avi'ogans  spiritits  ;       333 
Na?yi  niniis  credens  valere, 
Adiaodu/;;  coruute  fere, 
Moustrat  (\iwd  sit  indomitus. 


We  pray 
Clirist  for 
grace  to  fit 
118  to  enter 
into  Glory. 


(iod,  tiglit 
Thou  for  us ! 
NdUglit  can 
wc  do  of  our- 
selves. 


(29) 

Debitoribus  ideo,  337 

(^u(mdo{\HC  nirais  ferreo 
Corde,  dat  indalgencia?H, 

Dicens,  satis  indiilgeo, 

Et  satis  snpersedoo,  341 

Vs(|?ie  in  liorara  aliam  ; 
^ed  tu  lia7!C^  fraudulentiam 
Deiis  nwnqnam  ad  veniam 

Conucrtis  ve\  das  pro  eo.        345 
Immo,  ad  iracu/tdiam, 
Te,  per  equipoUenciam, 

Prouocatu?;i,  leddis  reo.  348 

(30) 
Nostris  igitur  mentibus,         349 
Indnratis  et  rudibus, 

Tria  sunt  necessaria, 
De  cojrtmissis  reatibus, 
Atijvtc  iniquitatibus  353 

Crebra  reminisoencia  ; 

Frequenter  pati  tristia, 

CuH),  pena  et  angaria '' 
Et  cum  infirmitatibus,  357 

Sancti  spiVi'^us  gra(;ia, 

De  cella  vnguentaria 
Fundens  amore?«  cordibus.    360 


1  talitcr,  Pr 

"    12,  col.  2 

9  Se  spiritus,  Pr 


(31) 
Et  ideo,  te  et  illuv/i  361 

Qui  rnbrieatm/(-  vexillu/« 

Gerit,  et  arnia  rubea. 
Qui  mare  facit  tranquillu//i, 
Et  nostrum;  portat  sigillu;/;^  365 

Exaratuwi  a  lancea,  [?  MS.] 

Qui  veste  rectus  lutea 

Strauit  in  sua  area 
Infernalem  cocodrilluwi,  369 

Petimus,  vt  sic  ferrea 

Corda  tranguntur  per  ea 
Que  sunt  pretacta  paxilhu/;,^ 

(32) 

Ne  nos  inducas  eciam  373 

In  festinani  sentenciani 
Quia  cito  })c/-iremus, 

Expecta  nos  per  graciam, 

Et  per  tua7;i  clenienciam        377 
Et  diiler,''  vt  emendenw.s; 
In  mu/Rlo  niiiil  lirtiemus 
Nisi  vt  nosmet  aptemus 

Ad  intrandu//;  in  glonam  ;     381 
See^  caro,  in  qua  manem(4s, 
Nos  ducit  vt  deuiemus 

Per  uiam  nimis  inuiani.         384 

(33) 

In  temptacionem  ruit,  385 

Et  labitur  atq«e  fluit, 
Licet  longe  sit  temptator. 

l^mi({uam  facit  q«od  congruit, 

Se(Z  bonU7?i  omne  destruit      389 
Quod  construit  hrt&itator. 
Deus,  omwiwm  creator, 
Tu,  pro  nobis,  sis  pugnator, 

Sicut  nostra  spes'^  arguit ;      393 
Et  carnis  sis  sic  domator, 
Vt  eius  sit  triuwiphator 

Spiritus  qui  succubuit.  396 

(34) 
Sed  vnu??i  adhuc  pctere  397 

VoIum?(s,  et  requirere, 

Vt  ille,  hoste  domato, 
Spiritus  se"  extoUere 
Nequet  i'cl  erigere  401 

Quasi  a  se"'  subiugato. 

Nam  h«7vemus  pro  i)robato'^ 

Quod,  quisquid  dixerit  plito, 
Nil  a  se  potest  facere.  [?  MS.] 

Immo,  abs  te  increato, 

Et  a  flamine  et  nato, 
Totu)«.  hahet  procedere.  408 


*  angnstia,  Pr. 


2  leaf  112.        3  iianc  tu,  Pr.        -  a..K""'-»,  ■  ■• 

niffera,  Pr.       "  spes  nostra,  Pr. 


^  leaf  112,  col.  2.        '' p.nuxilliim,  Pr.  „...,...  „,,^„  ..„ 

•     -    '■  ■"  A  se  quasi,  Pr.       n  leaf  112.  col,  3 


The  second  Latin  Poem,  on  the    Virgin  Mary. 


199 


(35) 
Libera  nos,  ergo,  deua,  409 

Tu  ac  tuus  Nazareus,  [?  MS.] 

Cum  proprio  spirami/ie. 
Vmi.s'^  estis,  sed  iudeus 
Noil  credit  ([uod  galileus 
Conceptus  sine  semi/^e 
Sit,  seu  natus  de  virgiiie, 
Sine  passus  pro  honiine  : 
Et  in  hoc  sit  ipse  reus. 
Plus  credit  in  velamine, 
L/<<cre(jHC  in  lumine     [?] 
Factus  ciuis  tartareus. 


413 


417 


(36) 

A  malo  hoc  et^  alijs  421 

Tuis  deus  sulxsidijs, 

Conserua  nos,  k  deffende, 

Extralie-*  nos  de  vicijs, 

Keieuans*  de  miserijs  ;  425 

Et  benignu;/;,  te  ostende, 
Cuiq^M  ^  nostrum  die  'ascendu  ; 
Veni  mecuui  \)ro  haiende 

Vite  eterne  gaudijs. '  429 

Tales  tue  sunt  prebende, 
Nullatenus  concedende 


420    Nisi  tuis  famulijs.*^ 

Amen,  pater,'  concludinius,  433 
Quia  fiiieni  de  nouinnfs     [.'] 

De  via  reu(;/tenciu»i. 
Locu?/i  ad  quewi,  nos  tendimtts-, 
Et  in  quo  nos  quiescinrKs       437 

Post  laboris  stipentliuw(,^ 

Tu  nobis  sis  solaciu//i, 

Et  corona  et  prcmiuz/i. 
Quia  in  te  sperauimus,  441 

Confirmans  vaticiniu?/i    [112  4] 

Dauid  pcj-  priuilegiuwi. 
In  domu?«  s\\a,m  ibinius."       444 


Free  us,  God 
and  Christ ; 
diinv  us  from 
our'RiiiB;  let 
us  win  eternal 
life. 


432 


Futlier,  be 
our  conilorl 
and  reward. 


for  we  liave 
hoped  in 
Thee,  and 
will  live  in 
Thy  house. 


II.    A  LATm  HYM^  TO   THE  VIKGIN   INIAEY. 


(14  stanzas  of  12  lines  each,  ryming  aah  aahhb  abba.) 

.  <^) 
Gratia  tu  efficeris 

Directiuu7H  itineris 

Norma'"  vite  rectissima. 


Ave  reclinatoriuHi   [MS.  torn]  I 
Et  propiciatoriujH, 

Et  captiui  spes  popitli, 
Data  in  diuersoriuMt 
Reis,  et  in  refugiu/H,  5 

Et  in  locuwi  latibuli, 

Que  pre^ris  ade  vetuli, 

Et  damuatricis  seculi 
Eue,  ue  damnatoriuvw,  9 

Pro  quodawi  morsu  pomuli 

Aspecti  visu  reguli, 
Co;/imutasti  in  gaudiu/H.  12 

(2) 

Maria,  apto  nomine,  13 

Presagio,  non  omiue, 
Diceris  ab  infancia ; 

Que  in  noctis  caligine. 

Pro  viantm  discrimine,  17 

Polo  niundi  sis  media, 
Vt  gens,  pe?-  mare  deuia, 
Ad  te,  sua  vestigia 

Dirigat  viso  lumine,  21 

Et  a  circujHferencia, 
Pro  impetranda  gracz'a, 

Circuy/uleris  in  cardine. 


24 

1  ?  MS.  vnum.  2  atq;(e,  Pr.  3 
5  Cui,  Pr.  6  optiniis  famulis,  Pr, 
'J  Pr.  adds  'Amen.'       w  Forma,  Pr 


29 


33 


In  orbibus  stelligeris 

Noue  legis  et  veteris, 

Stellar«m  splendidissima, 
In  prosperis  humilima, 
In  aducrsis'i  fortissima. 

Semper  astans  pro  miseris, 
Electarw?/!  dignissima. 
Tarn  corpore  ([uam  auima, 

In  iuferis  &  superis.  [leaf  113] 

(4). 
Plena  est  tua  ydria, 
Hausta,  celesti  gracia, 

Puteo  saiicti  spiritus. 
Si  pulseris  instancia 
Precu?/i,  res  est  notoria, 

Quod  effundes'-  et  strepitus 

Deprecjantis,  sollieitus 

Obtinebit  ut  penitus. 
Deorsum  stillicidia 

Mittas  ;  nee  sit  prohibitus 

Camelontm  exercitus 
Portans  peccata  grauia. 


25  H.-iil,  hopeof 
the  eaptives, 
star  in  the 
darkness! 


3/  Kiiihteat  rule 
of  life. 


41 


45 


full  art  thou 
of  the  Holy 
Spirit. 


48 


Kt  extralie,  Pr. 
"  amen,  Pr. 
n  asperis,  Pr, 


*  Nos  releuans,  Pr. 

8  dispendium,  Pr. 

1-  eftundens,  Pr. 


200 


The  second  Latin  Poem,  on  the   Vwgin  Mary. 


(5) 
God  mui  tliee  Dominus,  ad  hoc  iwouida,        49 
n  wVs"witi."    '^^  i-epleuit  vt  plaeitla 
thee  in  cliild-       Refundeudi  sis  fevuida, 
hood,  and  Quia  sicut  in  yride.  ^ 

rosraSU*      Signuwi  nubis  est  roride.  53 

heaven.  Sic  til,  plena  et  graiiida, 

Signum  \\ahes  q«e  rorida. 
Co?;ipassiiie  et  fluida. 
Sis,  tue  genti  languide  57 

Qjwwsq^c  aninia  morbida, 
Et  tua  siti  arida, 
Per  te  respiret  valide.  60 

(6) 
Tliou  Shalt      Tecum  a  puericia,  61 

called  Bless.    Virgo  dulcis,  clemencia, 
ed,  thou  Creiiit,  et  miseracio  ; 

hope  of  fallen  gic  creuit-oMc  celestia 
men,  m  1  '  ,  .  ,. - 

Transcendens  aula  regia,  do 

Dei  sedes-  in  solio. 

Nulla  vnqitam  plantacio 

Fuit,  uel  educacio 
Reis  sic  necessaria  ;  69 

Nam  licet  sit  coUectio 

YAus  sempe?*  dispeudio 
Caret,  et  decresce^ucia.  72 


Thou  alone 
restored  t 
our  lost  herit- 
age ;  thou 
guidest  all 
who  wander 
and  tall. 


(7) 
Benedicta  propterea  73 

Omwi  loco  et  platea  [leaf  ii:>, col. 2J 

Dicaris  ab  hominibus, 
Quia  per  hoc  est  flaminea 
Cherubin  dira  rumphea  77 

Ainota  suis  passibus, 

Introitus  exulibus 

Patet,  et  viatoribus. 
Via  cell  est  lactea,  81 

Que  solebat  volentibus 

Intrare  regnum  om«ibus 
Esse  sanguine  rubea.  84 


(8) 


Blessed  be 
thy  child 
Christ,  who 
died  for  us, 
and  gave 
Himself  for 
our  food. 


85 


Tu  es  lapsi  spes  ho9ni?ns, 
Que  non  dees  nee  desinis 

Misereri  in  seculu?;^. 
Tu,  diuine  imaginis, 
Et  eterni  es  luminis  89 

Beatii??;,  receptaculu??^ ; 

Tu,  languidis  vehiculujft 

Et  miseris  latibulum, 
Sub  cuiws  vmbra  tegmi»w's,      93 

Pauper  querit  vmbraculu»t, 

Et  reus  diuerticuln^i. 
Ab  iucursu  formidiiiis.  96 


(9) 

In  mulieribus  tu  es  97 

Vnica,  que  restitues 
HereditatejH  perditam, 

Que  de  peccredo  argues 

Mu?idui;i,  Bed  nulli  renues      101 
Gvatmm  tua?/i  solitam  ; 
Immo  cunctis  gi-atuita7?i 
Ipsam  dabis,  et  placita?)i. 

Quia  semper  liac  atHues,         105 
Et  licet  quis  p^r  orbitam 
Tortam  vadet,  et  vetidam,^ 

Eum  cito  non  obrues.  108 


109 


112 

col.  3] 


(10) 

Et  si  dicatur  verius 

Pro  reis,  et  salubrius 
Ipsos  errantes  dirigis, 

Ipsos  lapses  '*iuferius, 

Et  iaceutes  diutius  [leaf  u 
Qi(«m  oporteret  erigis, 
Et  qwandoqwe  hos  corrigis, 
Ne  mauMS  mu7«di  remigis 

Aliquid  agat  durius,  117 

Signii?/i  est  q?(orf  hos  diligis, 
Et  non  dormis  ncc  negligis, 

Ne  cedant  in  deterius.  120 

(11) 
Benedictus  in  seculu)?i  121 

Sit  ille,  per  que/yi  tituhuii 

T«lein  habes  in  seculo, 
Christus,  qui  tui  clausulu?;; 
Vteri  sui'  l>aiiilu7«  125 

Fecit  tirmato  pessulo. 

Qui,  morieiis  -pro  popitlo. 

Se  detlit  in  patibulo 
Opprobij  spectaculu??i ;  129 

Et,  supcrato  Zabulo, 

Fracto-q?Ae  suo  baculo, 
Se  suis  dat  in  pabulum.  132 

(12) 

Fructus  est  comestibilis,         133 
Comedentibus  vtilis, 

Dulcis  a?dme  gustui, 
Nature  a?«.niirabilis,  ^ 
Arti  indoctrinabilis,  137 

Stupendus  intellcc/ui, 

Inusitatus  vsui, 

Vetito  quondaw!-  fructui ; 
In  orawibws  dissimilis  141 

Solu/Hmodo  auditui, 

Et  non  alteri  sensui 
Fide  comprehensibilis.  144 


I  ydria,  Pr.       ^  sedet       '  vetitam,  Pr.       *  Lapsos  ipsos,  Pr. 
5  suuni,  Pr.       ••  admirabilis,  Pr. 


Hymn  to  tlic  Virgin.    I  get  the  TilgrinCs  Scrip  and  Staff.    201 


(13) 

Ventris  tiii  in  ortulo,  145 

Ornato  flore  primulo, 
Iste  fructus  coUigitiir  ; 

^cd,  ut  vultus  in  speculo 

Representatur  oculo,  149 

Et  speculiv»t  non  leditur, 
Sic  dum^  a  te  recipitur,  [iis/i] 
DvLin  manet ;  du?/i  egreditnr, 

Hoc  sit  illeso  claustvulo  :       153 
Nulla  via  relinquitur, 
Nil  suspectU7/i  adniittitur  ; 

Fructum  habes  cu«i  flosculo. 

1  is,  Pr.  *  ineiitem, 


(14)    _ 
Amen  dicit  et  asseiit,    [Fo.  xxviij]  Christ  sprang 


Qui  tuas  laudes  apeiit, 
Et  te  recta  magnificat, 

Qni  devote  se  ingerit 

Ad  laudanduwi  vt  sciucrit, 
Et  ad  uiteni-  te  applicat. 
Qui  aliter  se  implicat, 
Et  tuas  laudes  abdicat, 

Hie  viaui  bonam*  deserit  ; 
Hie  tibi  ]iroiudicat, 
Hie  in  fide  claudicat ; 

Saluus  esse  non  poteiit. 
Pr.  3  boiiara  viam,  Pr. 


He  is  blest 
■ta-i  wlio  praises 
■^"■^  tliee. 


He  wlm  floes 
,  „,  lift,  ••aiinot 
loo  be  saved. 


168 


[The  Pilgrim.] 
*Affter,  (shortly  to  expresse)  7189 

Gracii  dieu,  off  hir  goodnesse, 
Off  the  skryppe  and  the  hordou?*         [stowe,  leaf  i30] 
Putte  me  in  pocessiou?^ ;  7192 

And  I  thouhte  a-noon  ryht  tho 
That  I  was  redy  for  to  go 
Vp-on  my  way,  hut  trew(e)ly 

I  ne  was  no  thyng  redy,  719G 

Lyk  as  I  wende ;  ffor  vn-to  me 
Ther  as  I  stood,  ryht  thus  sayde  she. 

Grace    dieu    Sayd        [in  Jm.  Stowe'a  Imnd.    The  Stowc  MS.  has  it.] 

*  The  tyme  ys  good  and  coueiidble 

(As  I  ha  sayd),  and  acceptable,  7200 

That  1  my  prorays  and  my  graunt, 

Holde  vn-to  the,  &  my  couenau?jt, 

As  1  he-hihte  :  tak  hed  her-to. 

And  thow  requeryst  yt  also,  7201 

To  be  gyrt  (for  sykernesse) 

"Wit/i  a  gyrdel  off  ryhtwysnesse. 


[Cap.  cvli,  ' 
prose.] 

Grace  Dieu 
gives  me  the 
Scrip  and 

Stall'. 


She  says  that 


[leaf  lit] 


I  ask  her  for 
a  (Jirdlc  of 
Uighteous- 
ness. 


(7189) 
(7192-3) 


Le  pelerin 


*  The  44  French  lines  folloiving  are  given  for  Comparison  with 
Lydgate's  82  English  lines  7189—7270  :  — 

Pres,  entre  les  mains  me  mist 
Le  bourdon,  dont  grant  ioye  me  fist, 
Car  tresbien  prest  estre  cuidoye 
De  me  mestre  tout  a  la  voye  ; 
JIais  non  estoie  ;  car  lors  me  dist : 
^R  est  le  point,  comme  tay  dit. 
Que  te  tiengne  mon  conuenant 
De  ce  que  tay  promis  deuant 
Et  aussi  de  ce  mas  requis, 
Pour  la  parolle  que  te  dis, 
Cest,  dcstre  de  iustice  ceiucts, 


A' 


0" 


(7199)    grace  dieu 


(7204-5) 


202     Before  having  a  Girdle  I  must  'put  on  a  Do^iMd. 

Grace  Dien.    <  Tliy  icynys  stronglj  for  to  streyuc, 

illesshly  lustys  to  refreyne.^  [>  uesucyuf  St.]  7208 

'  No  man  hath  power  (truste  me) 

ffor  to  gon  at  liberte, 

But  he  be  gyrt  rylit  myghtyly. 

Therfor,  (ofE  purpos  feythfully),  7212 

The  tassure  in  wele  and  wo, 
she  will  ptird     \  -wyl  the  gyrde,  or  that  thow  go, 

me  with  one  J  oJ         >  b    ' 

it  1  agree  to     go  that  thow  (in  thyn  entente) 

Off  fre  wyl  lyst  to  assente,  7216 

To  be  thus  gyrt ;  and  ellys  nouht, 
Now  sey,  as  lyth  ryht  in  thy  tliouht.' 

The  Pilgrim.  The    pllgrime  :    [111  Ja.  Stnwe'shiUKl.  Tlie  St.MS.hiisit,  If.  l:iO,bk.] 

I  iiKi-ceto        "Ma  diHne,"  nuod  I  in  lowly  wyse, 

everythiiifj. 

"  Al  that  euere  ye  deuyse,  7220 

I  wyl  ther-off  no  thyng  refuse. 

Nor  ther-vp-on  no  lenger  muse ; 

But  off  tliys  tliyng,  wiili  al  my  myght 

I  yow  requere  off  verray  ryht,"  7224 

Grace  Dieii.  GraCC    diCU  :  [In  Jn.  Stowe'n  hiuul.] 

She  saya  that  '  ffyrst,  to  make  thy  syluen  strong, 

I  must  have  -^        '  -^      -^  °' 

To  be  myghty  a-geyn  al  wrong, 
Yt  be-houeth,  in  thy  diffence, 

tfor  to  make  resistence,  7228 

That  thow  haue  strong  armure. 
And  ffyrst,  (thy  syluen  to  assure,) 
Next  thy  body  shal  be  set 
a  inirpnint  or  A  purpoyut  or  a  doublet,  7232 

On  wych  thow  shalt  fful  myghtyly 
Be  gyrt  and  streyned  ryht  strongly 


Doublet, 


Pour  bien  estraimlre  tort  les  reins.  (7207) 

Df  bien  aler  nul  iia  pouoir,  (7209-10) 

Sil  nest  bien  ceinct  et  bien  estroit. 

Pour  ce,  te  dis  que  te  ceindroie  (7212-14) 

Tout  preniierenient  que  la  voye 

Tu  te  misses  ;  mais  (jue  ton  gre 

]5ien  y  fust,  et  ta  volente.  (7216) 

Or  en  dy  ce  ([ue  tu  vouhas.  (7218) 

Le  peleiin  H  A  refuscr  (dis  ie)  nest  pas  (7219-21) 

Tel  cliose,  ie  la  vous  reqnier.  (7224) 

sracedieu  H  Or  fault,  dist  elle,  tout  itreniier,  (7225) 

Qu(!  tu  soies  ariiic  de  tons  poincts  ; 

Et  (juau  dossoulz  soit  Ic  pr<m[)oins  ;  (7230-2) 

El  puis  feruionicnt  seres  cuiuct 


/  dont  Wee  Armour;  hit  Grace  Dicu  shoivs  mc  a  lot.   203 


[Stowe,  leaf  131]    7240 

NoTi  lu/ftebebat  vauw* 
Armurum, 


['  kiiowe  St.] 


'  With  a  gyr<lel  off  Rylitwysnesse, 

Ther-on  thyn  armure  for  to  dresse.'  7236 

The  pylgrym. 
*'Certys,"  quod  I,  "yiff  ye  lyst  se, 
Yt  AVer  contrarye  vn-to  me 
To  gon  armyd  in  my  vyage  ; 
Yt  wolde  lettc  my  pylgrymage, 
And  don  to  me  ful  grot  grevau^ce ; 
fFor  I  hadde  neue/"e  yet  vsau^ce 
Nor  in  custom,  truste  me, 
Al  my  lyue,  armyd  to  be  : 
I  knewe^  ther-off  nothyng  the  gtiyse 
To  me  yt  doth  ynoiih  suffyse, 
To  be  gyrt  (in  sotlifastnesse) 
With  a  gyrdel  off  ryhtwysnesse." 

But  than  thys  lady  off  gret  uertu, 
Wych  ys  callyd  Grace  Dieu, 
In-ta  chau?«bre  ful  secre 
Entrede  ;  and  than  she  callyd  mc. 

Grace  Dieu  : "  ['  s'->  J^o™  "cr  quod  she  c] 

"Kom  ner,"  quod  she,  "and  ha  no  drede ; 
Look  vp  an'  hih,  &  talc  good  heede.  [3  on  St.] 

Vpon  tliys  perche,  the  harneys  se, 
Whev-with  that  thow  wylt'*  armyd  be,  [*  mygute  St.]  7256 
Pertynent  to  thy  vy^ge 
And  nedful  to  thy  pylgrimage." 

[^Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.^ 

Ther  saw  I  helmys  and  haberiou?<s 
Plate  and  maylle,  for  champyou/is  7260 


7244 


7248 


71i£)2 


[leatlU.bk.] 

to  go  under 
my  armour. 

The  Pilgrim. 


I  fear  tlie 
armour  will 
inconveni- 
ence me. 


as  I  know 
nothing  about 
anus. 


[Cap.  cix, 
prose.] 


Grace  Dieu 
calls  me  into 
a  chamber, 


The  Pi/iirim. 


[Cup.  ex, 
prose.] 


Sui'  les  arme-s,  et  hien  estrainct. 
H  Arme,  dis  ie  ;  que  dietes  vous  ? 
Au  cueur  me  donuez  grant  courroux, 
Armey  cheminer  lie  pounoie  ; 
Amies  porter  ie  ne  sauroye  ; 
Amies  io  ne  pomroie  troimer  ; 
Ceincture  souffist  a  porter. 
IT  Adonc  en  sa  courtine  entra, 
Et  pour  y  entrer  mappela. 
IT  Or  regarde,  dist  elle  haiilt, 
A  ceste  perche  ne  te  fault 
Pour  cherclier  amies  loing  aler  ; 
A.ssez  en  voys  pour  bien  tanner ; 
La  sont  lieauhnes  et  gambesous, 
Gorgerettes  et  haubergeons, 


(7234) 
(7237) 
(7241) 


Le  pelerin 


(7246-8) 

(7249) 
(7252-3) 

(7254)     grace  ilieu 

(7255) 
(725(3-7) 

(7259-(;0) 


204     /  must  wear  Armour  against  the  attaclis  of  Foes. 


The  PHirriiii. 

[t  leaf  115] 
where  I  see 
all  kinds  of 
armour. 


I  ;isk,  Who 
will  utUick 
me  y 


She  says  I 
sliull  meet 
enemies  of  all 
Kinds  by  the 
way  ; 


wherefore  I 
need  slrong 
armour. 


I  ask  what 
armour  I 
shall  wear. 


7264 


7268 


tGorgetys  ageyn  al  vyolence, 

And  lakkys  stviifyd,  off  diffence  ; 

Targetys  and  sheldys,  large  &  longe,^     ['  stronge  St.] 

And  pavys  also  that  wer  stronge,^  [^  longe  st.] 

ffor  folk  to  make  resistence,  [stowe,  leaf  isi,  hack] 

Talle^  that  wolde  hem  don  otience.  ptoaii] 

The  pylgrym 
Than  q?/*^'/  I,  "as  in  bataylle, 
What  enniy  shal  me  assaylle 
Or  a-geyn  nie  make  affray, 
To  distourhle  me  in  my  way  1 " 

Grace  dieu 
'  Wenystow  thy  sylff  tassure, 
ffor  to*  gon  wit/(-oute  armure  [Uost., om. c] 

To  lerusaleem,  &  nat  fynde 
Brygau?itys  to-forn  And  ek  be-hynde, 
Dauwgerys  grete,  &  encou/«brau?ices, 
Empechemewtys  &  meshauwcys  1 
Thevys  and  mardrerys  ay  lyggynge 
Vp-on  the  weye,  ewere  espyynge, 
Thow  shalt  ffyude,  so  gret  plente, 
That  thow  off  hem  shalt  wery  be, 
Ther  assautys  to  endure. 

Wherfore^  the  nedeth  strong  armure,   [^  Therfore  st.] 
IMyghtyly  hem  to  AVj't/^-stonde. 
And  for  thy  profyt,  y  wyl  ffou?<de, 
'With  barneys  to  arrayen  the, 
That  thow  shalt  nat  afferyd  be.' 

The  pylgrym 
"Ma  dame,"  q^uod  I,  "syth  ye  wyl  so, 
Arniyd  algatys  that  I  go,  7288 

Shew  me  what  armure  I  shal  were. 
And  what  wepenys  I  shal  here ; 
And  how  I  shal  me  armen  wel, 
And  the  maner  euerydel."  7292 


7276 


7280 


7284 

Iiidnite  uos  armaturam  l)ei, 
vt  possitis  stave.     Ad 
EphesfOK  vj  caiiitiilo. 


Targes,  et  quanque  faillir  pent  (7263) 

A  cil  quil  (lesfendre  .se  vcnilt. 
he  iielerin  .  H  Qui  est,  (lis  ie,  qui  massauldra,  (72tj7-S) 

De  qui  desleiidie  me  fauha  I 


Grace  Dicu  (jivcfi  mc  a  Gamheson  to  protect  me.  205 


[Mo  avoyde  St.]    7304 


rsos 


tThanne,  oif  merveyllous  fasou», 
She  took  to  me  a  Gambisoiui,  ^ 
A  maner  harneys  that  I  knewe  noiiht : 
And  behj^ide,  ther-on  was  wrouht 
A  ful  strong  styh-  off  fyne  stel,^ 
ffor  to  receyue  strookys  wel         [^  styghe . .  ffyne  st.,  fy 
Off  the  hamer,  whan  euere  yt  smyte, 
That  yt  shal  hurte  but  a  lyte. 

[^Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Ilhwmiation.] 
Than  quod  Grace  Dieu  to  nie : 
'  Thys  GambesouM  wych  thow  dost  se, 
Ys  so  wrouht,  (who  taketh  hede,) 
ft'or  ta-woyde^  a  man  fro  drede  ; 
That,  from  cartage  in-to  Inde, 
Men  myghte  nat  a  bettre  fynde  ; 
ffor  (as  thow  shalt  wel  vnderstonde,) 
Thogh  a  man  hadde  foot  nor  bond, 
And  were  vn-to  a  stake  bou;ide, 
Hys  foome?i  aboute  rouwde, 
Yiff  he  hadde  on  tliys  garneuient, 
And  clad  ther-in  (off  good  entent), 
He  myghte  nat  ouerkomen  be, 
But  fynally,  in  surete, 
With  gret  worshepe  &  gret  glorie. 
Oft'  hys  Enmyes  han  vyctorye. 

'  And  yet  thys  garnement,  (I  dar  swcre,    [St.,  if. 
Who  that  enere  doth  yt  were,) 
Hath  most  loye  &  plesau/ice 
In  thyng  that  ys  to  folk  penau??.ce, 
ffor  hys  proffyt  &  avau?itage, — 
Som  folk  holde  yt  gret  damage ; — 
ffor  pacience  (in  conclusiou//) 
Hauetli^  thys  condiciou?^, 
(ffor  to  descryve  and  spek  in  pleyn 
Off  pacience  the  trewci  greyn,) 
I  mene,  to  hys  Avanntnga 
ffructefyeth  with  fforage : 


7296 

n  C] 

7300 


7312 


7316 

l.-,2,  bk.] 


7320 


[5  Hath  St.]  7324 


7328 


The  Pilgrim. 

[t  Cap.  cxi, 
Camli.  prose.] 
[leaf  115,  bk.] 
Slic  gires  me 
a  (iambisouu 
witli  a  steel 
anvil  oil  its 
bark. 


Qrace  Dieu. 

ami  says 
there  is  no 
bi-tter  be- 
tween Car- 
thage and 
Iiid. 


Armed  with 
this,  1  shall 
overcome  all 
my  foe.s. 


Tliis  pamhe- 
siiii  is  a. joy 
to  suttert'rs. 


[leaf  116] 


For  the  ?ain 
of  I'alience 


^  Gamheson,  Gahison.     A  fasliion  of  lon.t;  and  qiiilteil  horse- 
mans  cassocke  or  coat,  used  in  old  time. — Cotpiave. 
2  Cp.  '  the  Styth  sot  at  thy  bak,"  209/7478,  below. 


206 


The  Gamhcson  I  am  to  wear  is  cald  Patience. 


Grace  Dipu. 

storm  fills  iis 
garners,  hikI 
pestilence  its 
cellars. 


Its  dainties 
are  poverty ; 


its  recreation, 
fasting. 


The  more 
pain  it  teels, 
the  firmer  it 
is  lUiicle  tiy 
tlie  steel  of 
suiTering. 


And  as  Pa- 
tience is 
prickt  witli 
woe 


like  a  pur- 
point  is  with 
stitches, 

so  this  Gaui- 
beson 


is  cald  a  Pur- 
poiiit. 


[leaf  IIG,  1)1;.] 


and  its  name 
is  Patience. 


['  bedde  St.,  bed  C] 

7332 


7336 


[»  Ys  alle  St.] 
13  with  St.] 


Tempest  fulfylleth  liys  garnerys, 

And  pestyleuce  hys  celerys ; 

Hys  sofftest  bedde,^  (in  sotlmesse,) 

Ys  ymakyd  oft"  hardnesse. 

In  peyne  and  wo,  ys  hys  delyt, 

And  in  suffraurace,  ys  hys  respyt ; 

Hys  deyntes  stonde  in  poverte, 

Hys  solace  in  aduersyte  ; 

And  fastyng  (in  conclusiou/i) 

Ys^  hys  recreaciou?«. 

He  wexeth  fat  by^  abstynence, 

And  gruchcheth  for  no  vyolence ; 

Peyne  and  tribulacyou?? 

Ben  to  hym  consolaciou?^ ; 

And  the  mor  he  feleth  peyne 

The  mor  he  ys  (in  certeyne) 

Hard  yd  in  lierte  by  constauMce, 

'With  the  Stel  off  iust  suffrau?ice. 

'  And  for  that  pacience,  with  wo 
Ys  ypryked  and  puuysshed,  so 
]]y  verray  trewe  exaniynyng, 
As  a  purpoynt  with  sawyug'* 
By  long  examynaciou?*, 
Therfore  thys  armure  GanibLsouw, 
(Who  consydreth  fro  poynt  to  jjtiynt) 
Ys  ycallyd  a  puriioynt 
AYit/i-oute  prykyng  (in  substau»ce,) 
And  punysshyng,  with  gret  suft'iau«ce, 
In  mescheff  and^  aduersyte  [^  and  in  st.j 

He  taketh  al  hys  dygnyte  ; 
And  theroff  (in  conclusiou/i') 
He  receyueth  hys  Keuou?^, 
Thys  armure  most  uierveyllous, 
In  al  dift'ence  most  gracious. 

'  And  tlierfor  (shortly  in  sentence) 
The  name  ther-oft'  ys  pacience,  7364 

Tlie  wych,  in  euery  aventurc, 
Ys  ymakyd  for  teiidure, 
Peyne  and  tribulacTou?^, 
Voyde  oft"  al  rcbellTou/^ :  7368 


7340 


7344 


7348 

[Stowe,  leaf  133] 
[*  sowynge  St.] 

7351 

.i.  pacience  St.,  om.  C. 


7356 


7360 


Christ  wore  it ;    and.  I  am  to  imt  it  next  my  shin.      207 


'  Eyht  as  a  styth^  forgyd  off  Stel  ['  st.yti.ee  st.] 

ifeleth  the  strokys-  neue^adel     \}  stroUys  St.,  sti.kys  c] 

Off  thys  ff etliris  Smotlie  &  soffte, 

Tliogli  men  ther-on  smyten  offte, 

So  pacyence  (iu  liyr  werkyng) 

]\Iaketli  neuere  no  gruclichyng 

Off  no  thyng  slie  doth  endure. 

'And  therfore,  (I  yow  ensure,) 
With  thys  Gambisou**,  Cryst  Wxesus, 
That  paciente  lord,  most  ve/'tuous, 
"Was  yclad  (yiff  ye  lyst  se) 
Whan  lie  heng  vp-on  a  tre, 
And  wiih  hys  blood,  mankynde  hath  bouht, 
Suffrede  deth,  and  gruchchede  nouht,   [stowe,  leaf  i.s::, 
Nor  spak  no  word  in  hys  penau7ice ; 
But,  thorgh  hys  niyghty  gret  suffrau«ce, 
He  was  bete  and  hamryd  wyth, 
As  a  plate  vp-on  a^  styth, 
The  forgyd  Monye  for  Eau;?soMn 
To  niaken  our  redempciou/i : 
The*  cruel  Smythes,  off  Eancour 
Sparede  nat  for  no  labour 
Til  they  hadde  hym  forgyd  wel, 
Tryed  hym  out  as  any  stel : 
In  Avych  metal  ther  was  no  lak  ; 
And  ay  they  forgede  on  hys  bak  ; 
And  paciently  he  dede  endure  ; 
He  armyd  Avas  in  swych  armure 
Wyth  the  Armys  off  pacience. 

'  And  therfore,  in  thy  dyffence, 
That  thow  suffre  no  dyffame, 
Tak  a  purpoynt  off  the  same, 
Wherso  thow  go,  in^  see  or  lond  : 
Haue  yt  here  redy  to  thyn  bond ; 
Next  thy  body,  lat  yt  be  set. 
In  stede  off  a  strong*^  doublet ; 
ffor  next  thy  coi's  yiff  thow  yt  wore, 
AH  thyn  Armure  thow  shalt  here 
Mor  esely  ;  &  ha  no  wonder, 
Yiff  pacience  be  trewly  vnder. 


[3aSt.,  om.C] 


[<  Tlies  St.] 


Supra  ilnrsum  inenm 
I'abiieauonint  peco 


7372 
7376 
7380 

back] 

7384 
7388 
7392 

lltOl'CS 

7396 
7400 


Ami  a«  an 
anvil  I'eels  no 
blows. 


so  Patience 
never  com- 
pluina. 


[Cap.  oxii, 

prose.] 
Christ  was 
clad  Willi  it 
on  the  cross. 


and  coiTi- 
plaind  not, 


thn  lie  was 
haininerd 
like  plate  on 
a.n  anvil. 


[5  on  St.] 


[c  stronge  St.]    7404: 


'408 


[leaf  117] 


Take  then 
this  purjioint 
of  Patience, 


and  wear  it 
next  your 
skin. 


208         /  'put  on  the  Gariibeson,  hut  am  too  fat  for  it. 


The  Pilgrim. 

[Cap.  cxiii, 

proae.] 
I  put  on  the 
Gainbesoa ; 


but  it  pains 
me, 


and  I  tell 
Grace  Uieu 


I  cannot  bear 

it. 


Job  vi.  11,12. 


She  tells  me 
my  body  is 
too  big  and 
fat; 


the  fault  is 
not  in  the 
Qambeson, 


but  in  my 

contrarious- 

nuss. 


The  pylgrym. 

A-nooii  affter  (by  hyr  assent) 
I  dyde  vp-on  thys  garnement. 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'\ 


[Stowe,  leaf  13t] 


[}  streyte  St.] 


Tlie  wych  was  hevy  for  to  beere, 
And  ryht  konierous  ek  to  were ; 
Grevous  also,  and  streith^  to  lace, 
And  ryht  peynful  to  enbrace ; 
And,  for  the  peyne,  I  gan  abreyde. 
And  to  grace  dieu  I  seyde  : 
"  Ma  dame,"  (\uod  I,  "thys  purpoynt 
Was  nat  shape  fro  poynt  to  poynt 
To  my  plesau??ce,  I  yow  ensure ; 
ffor  I  may  nat  wel  endure 
To  bern  yt  pleynly  at  n\jn  ese : 
The  shap  tlier-ofi"  ne  doth  nat  plese^ 
To  me,  pleynly  ;  nor  the  ffasouw 
Accordeth  to  myn  oppynyou/i." 

Grace  dieu 
C^uod  Grace  dieu,  '  thys  garnement 
Ys  wel  shape  to  m.jn  entent, 
Thogh  yt  be  nat  to  thy  plesam^ce ; 
ffor  thy  body,  in  substau?ice 
Ys  so  ffaat,  so  gret^  and  large, 
And  ouerlade  with  gretc*  charge, 
That  yt  may  nat  be  enbrachyd^ 
Aboute  the,  nor  wel  ylacyd. 
And  yet  the  faute,  to  myn  entent, 
Ys  nat  in  the  garnement. 
But  only  fou«de  in  thy  gretuesse, 
And  in  thy  boystous  frowardnesse, 
Tluit  thow  inayst  vp-on  thy  bak 
Sustene  yt,  but  thow  fynde  a  lak  ; 
And  al  the  faute  ys  fou»de  in  the, 
Off  wylf ul  contrariouste.  [stowe,  leaf  134,  bncuj 

*  But,  thyn  errour  to  reforme, 
Thow  must  thy-sylff  mekly  confourme. 


7412 


7416 


7420 


7424 


[3  flfatte  /  grete  St.] 

[*  grete  St.,  gret  C] 

[5  ben  bracyd  St.] 


7428 


7432 


7436 


7440 


*  Sidcnofcin  MS. :  Que  est  [ciiiiii]  fmlitiuln  mca  vf  .-iistiiuroiii? 
HHt  ([ui-s  fiiii.s  mens,  vt  pacieutin-  a.£;am  ?  {VI)  iice  foititudo  mca 
lapidiu/i,  ucc  caro  mca  euua  e,s<.     lob  (vi.  11). 


/  must  grow  lean  and  fit  myself  to  the  Purpoint,  Patience.  209 


Noil  rocto  corile  es,  (\uia  won 
vJH  iliriRere  voluiitutem  tuiuK 
ad  voluKtatem  dci.    August. 


7445 


\}  iTiekeiiesse  St.]     <  448 


[2  Aceordyng  St.] 


7452 


7456 


7459 


'  To  thys  garnomcnt,  trustc  me, 
And  nat  the  garnemcnt  vn-to  the  ; 
And  put  away  the  gret  outrage, 
The  ffaatnesse  and  the  surphisage 
That  ys  iii  the,  and  the  gretnesse ; 
And  the  co7«fourme  by  meknesse^ 
To  thys  purpoynt,  that  yt  may  be 
Accordynde^  &  egal  vn-to  the, 
In  euery  party  wel  syttynge, 

'  And  tliogh  tliat  yt,  as  in  semynge, 
Be  nat,  at  the  pryme  fface, 
Euenly  shape  the  tenbrace 
Yet  affter-ward,  vn-to  thy;*  ese 
Yt  shal  be  syttynge,  &  wel  plese  ; 
ffor  thyng  that  greueth  the  to-day 
Shal  be  to-morwe^  vn-to  thy  pay  ;   p  tomoiwe  /  be  st.] 
Yt  may  so  fali,  off  auenture ; 

'  And  therfore  al-way  *  the  assure   [*  au  wny  st., . .  way  c] 
In  thys  garnomcnt  for  diffence, 
Wych  ys  callyd  pacyenoe, 
Wit/i  whos  power,  (now  vnderstonde,) 
AH  assautys  thow  shalt  w?tA,-stonde. 

'  ffor  wrong  despyt  &  al  desdeyn 
That  any  man  kau  to  the  seyn, 
Outher  off  pryde  or  surquedye, 
Eepreff  or  any  vyllenye, 
Vonge  the  nat  /  nor  do  no  wrak, 
But  looke  a-noon  thow  tourne  bak  ; 
Lawhe  and  be  glad,  &  sey  ryht  nouht 
And  be  nat  troublyd  hi  thy  thouht. 

'  And  off  me  thys  wysdam  lere, 
Berkyng  off  houwdys  for  to  here, 
Yt  may  to  the,  by  good  suffrau?jce, 
Nouther  damage  nor  do  greuau/^ce. 
Ageyn  assautys  off  al  swych  wrak, 
Lat  the  Styth  set^  at  thy  bak, 
And  thy  purpoynt  off  pacience, 
Myghtyly  stonde  at  dyffence  : 
And  w/t/i  thys  tweyne,  truste  me, 
Al  maner  oft'  aduersitc 

PiLGKlMAGK. 


404 


7468 


[Stowe,  leaf  135] 

7472 

Nota  St.,  om.  C. 

Magnoivim  viro»v(m  est, 
iiecliKpre  ledentem.    C. 
Seneca.     St.,  om.  C. 


P  sytt  St.] 


Grace  Dieu. 

I  must  tit 
myself  to  tlie 
Rarment,  not 
the  garment 
to  Mie. 
1  must  get 
rid  of  my  fut, 

and  shape 
myself  by 
meekness  to 
fit  the  Pvir- 
poynt. 


Pain  to-day 
shall  be  Joy 
to-morrow. 


[leaf  US] 
[Cai>.  cxiv, 
prose.] 

The  Pur- 
poynt is  cald 
'  Patience,' 


.and  will 
enable  me  to 
suffer  wrongs 
cheerfully. 


7476 


7480 


210     I  agree  to  put  on  the  Purpoint  of  Patience  or  F>iiffering. 


Grace  Dieu. 

By  sufferinsj 
and  adversity 
I  sliall  be 
crownd, 


as  wore  tlie 
martyrs. 


wlio,  by  pa- 
tieiice  or  suf- 
fering won 
tlie  laurel  of 
Victory. 


[leaf  1  IK,  bk.] 


(iraoe  Dieu 
advises  me  to 
put  on  this 
iniipoiut  iif 
Patience. 


[Cap.  cxv, 
prose.] 


I  afjree  to  put 
OM  'I'aliencc.' 


(Cap.  (xvi, 
l)roKe.] 


Hut  above  it 
I  must  put 
on  the 
haberuenii 
of  Fortitude, 


'  Thow  shalt  venquisshe  &  ber  domi ; 
Anil,  lyk  a  myghty  chaiupyou??, 
Thow  shalt  wz't/i  laurer  ciownyJ  be, 
By  suffrau/ice  off  aduersyte. 
As^  by  record'  ful  longe  a-gon 
Wer  thys"  martrys  eue/ychon, 
Wych  that  wer  in  enery  poynt 
Strongly  armyd  in  the  purpoynt 
Off  pacience,  to  sustene 
The  strok,  when  they  wer  leyd  atwene 
The  hamer  and  the  Styth  also, 
A7id  a-twyxo  bothe  two, 
The  grene  laurer  ott'  victorie. 
And  the  crowne  ek  off  her  glorye, 
Yforgyd  wer,  (who  taketh  hede) 
ffor  guevdou/i  off  ther  eternal  niede. 

'  And  therfore  I  consayllii  the. 
With  thys  purpoynt  that  thow  be, — 
Wych  ys  callyd  pacyence, — 
Armyd  ffyrst  for  thy  diffence. 
Thys  my  co«sayl ;  &  thus  I  rede, 
Be  cause  only  thow  shalt  ha  nede, 
As  for  thy  cheff  proteccTou?^ 
Ageyn  al  trybulacyou/^ 
Off  false  brygau?/tys  that  shal  lye 
Vp-on  the  waye,  the  tespye.' 

The  pylgrym. 
"  Certys,"  iiuod  I,  "yt  stondeth  so, 
That  I  wot  nat  what  I  may  do 
Touchynge  your  consayl,  l)y  no  waye ; 
But  at  the  lest,  I  slial  assaye 
j\Ie  taraye,  in  my  dyffence, 
'WitJi  your  purpoynt  off'  pacience." 

Grace  dieu. 
Quod  Grace  dieu,  "  Ihow  m-ust  also. 
Or  thow  in  armys  haue  a-do, 
Vp-on  thy  purpoynt  '  pacyence ' 
llaue  a-boue,  in  thy  dift'ence, 
The  hab(!riou«  wych  hangeth  yonder, 
So  inly  ff'ayr,  that  yt  ys  wonder ; 


[1  And  St.] 
[2  Were  tlies  St.] 


7484 


7488 


7492 


749G 


7500 


[Stowe,  leaf  ISf),  bad;] 

7504 


508 


1 51 2 


■51  (J 


7520 


JBiU  above  it  I  must  wear  the  Habergeon  of  Fortitude.  211 


'  tibrgyj  off  old  (yt  ys  no  faylk') 

ffor  to  entren  in  bataylle, 

Wytli  Deth  to  ffyhte,  &  liis  nieynee.; 

Thys  to  seyne,  (yiff  thow  kanst  se,)  7524 

Ageyn  al  peynys  and  tourmentys 

And  hys  dredful^  tournementys,     [' (heaefuii<?  St.,  iiiednii  c] 

Replevysshed  ^  witJt  mortal  Kage.    I-  Repienyssuea  St.] 

Deth  ys  a  best ^  most  sauage ;  p  beast  st.]  7528 

He  chau?jgeth  purpoos  and  devyses  ;    [stowe,  leaf  i.soj 

And  al  thys'*  vnkouth  sondry  guyses,        [niic^  st.] 

Wyt  off  man  and  al  Eesou;i : 

ff or  he  let ^  fallen  hys  bordoun,  [5  For  lett  st.]  7532 

Hys  Maas,  &  ek  liys  dredful  spere, 

He  hurteth  nyh,  &  ek  affere, 

And  spareth  noon  off  no  degro 

How  hih  they  syttvn  in  her  Se,  753G 

ffor  rychessc  nor  for  pnissair^ce. 

'  But  who  wyl  haven  assiirau»ce 
Ageyn  deth,  as  a  champyou??, 

Lat  hym  haue  on  thys  haberiou;/ ;  7540 

And  off  deth,  in  al  hys  nede, 
He  shal  ha*^  no  maner  drede  ;  [« iiav«  st] 

Off  hys  assautys  nor  hys  wrak, 

Kor  for  hym  onys'' tourne  abak,  ["enyst.]  7544 

Whil  he  hath  on  thys  garnement 
The  wych  was  forgyd  (off  entent) 
Off  the^  most  myghty  armvrer,  [» tiiest.,  o«.  c] 

Wych  syt  aboue  the  sterrys  cler,  7548 

That  forgede  Sonne  &  mone  also, 

And  made  hem  in  her  conrs^  to  go.  pcomsgc,  there couisst.j 
And  no  man  may  be  armyd  wel 

In  plate,  mayl,  nor  in  stel.  7552 

Nor  sur^^  for  hys  savaciou«,  [•"surest.] 

But  he  haue  on  thys  haberiouw, 
"Wych  callyd  ys  off  verray  rylit, 

'  ft'ortitudo '  most  oft"  myght.  7556 

ffor,  '  ff orce '  ys  callyd  thys  vertu, 
"Wytli  wych  seruau»tys  off  cryst  ihc'.'<u 
Wcr  Armyd,  the  myghty  champiou;«s 
That  made  hem  hardy  as  lyou/«s  7560 


to  figllt 

against 


the  savage 
beast  Ueatli, 
[leaf  119] 


who  spares 
no  one. 


Aijaiiist  him 
this  Halier- 
Pfeoii  will 
I>rutCL-t  me. 


It  was  lundp 
by  tlic  Creator 
of  Sun  and 
Moon, 


[Cap.  cxvii, 

prose.] 
and  its  name 
is  Fortitude, 
or  Force. 


212      Tlic    Virtue   of  the   Hahcrfjcon  '  Fortitudo'   or  'Forced 


Grace  Dieu. 


Tlie  Cham- 
pions of 
Christ  feard 
nothing 


[leaf  IIQ,  bk] 
when  I'overJ 
witli  this 
Hahergeon  of 
Force. 


Dagger  nor 
sword,  spear 
nor  dart  shall 
pierce  it. 


It  is  strongly 
riveted,  and 
anneald  with 
martyrs' 
lilocHl. 


Tills  Hahcr- 
^c'on  '  Korti- 
tudo'  must 
be  worn 
above  the 
I'nrpoint 
'  I'atience.' 


The  Pilgrim. 

[( "ap.  cxviii, 
prose.] 

I  ask  to  see 
;ill  thearmour 
1  am  to  wear. 


'  In  bataj'H  &  in  tournemcutys, 

And  constiiu^t  euere  in  ther  cutcntys   [stowe,  leaf  i:ic, 

Vn-to  the  detli,  &  no  tliyng  dradde, 

A^p-on  tiler  bod}-  whan  they  hadde 

Thys  haberiouM  ycallyd  '  force,' 

Whev-wytli  tliey  dyde  he//^sylff  afEorce, 

To  pntte  hem  forth,  &  nat  wit/i-drawe, 

In  dyft'ence  ofi;  cryst.ys  lawe, 

Thorgh  ther  prowesse  &  hyh  renouw. 

'And  sothfastly  thys  habei'ioiv«, 
(Wlio  that  euere  doth  yt  were,) 
Off  daggere,  dart,  Swerd  nor  spere, 
Shoot  of  Arwe  nor  oft'  quarel, 
(Tliogh  they  be  grou/ah'^  sliarpe  off  stel,)     ^''^ZZ 
They  shal  nat  perce  thoi-gli  tlie  inaylle, 
ffor  the  Rynges  (tby.s  no  tt'aylle) 
"Wer  liyuettyd^  so  niyghtyly  [2  Revettyd  st.] 

Clencbyd  and  nayled  so  strongly  ; 
The  yren  weike^  was  ek  so  good,   p  werko St.,  weer c] 
Annelyd  ik.  tenipryd  wiili  the  blood 
Til  at  ran  out  off  her  wondys  kene, 
1'hy.s  made  licm  manly  to  sustenc 
Thassaut  off  biygau?itys  nyht  &  day, 
That  lay  for  pylgiymes  on  the  wny, 
Ey  vertu  off  thys  haberiou?L  Fortiiudo  \.  Force  st. 

'  And  therfore  (off  entencyou?^,) 
By  my  con?«sayl,  sey  nat  nay 
To  putte  yt  on,  &  yt  tassay,"* 
Aboue  thy  purpoynt  '  pacyence ' ; 
ffor,  yiff  fporee  (by  my  sentence) 
Vp-on  the  tother  be  wel  set, 
Thow  shalt  ffyhte  wel  the  bet 
(I  dar  wel  seyn)  wherso''  thow  go : 
^^ow  lat  se  what  thow  seyst  her-to."    [stowc,  leaf  137] 

The  pylgrym. 
"  Ma  dame,"  (to  speke  in  wordys  ffewe,) 
"  I  jtray  yow  that  ye  wyl  me  shewc, 
And  to  do  youre''  by.sy  cure  [c  voure  St.,  my  c.] 

That  I  may  se  al  the  armure"  [' timrmure  .st.,  c] 

Wych  I  shal  were  in  thys  vyiige, 


back] 

7r)G4 
75G8 
7572 


ilr  St., 
IC.J 


•576 


7580 


'584 


[*  hit  assay  St.]    7588 


7592 


[5  wher  St.] 


759G 


My  otlwr  arms:  Helmet,  Gorgcr,  Target,  G!ovrs,&  Scoord.  213 


7G0O 


[C.  &  St.] 


Grace  dieii  (in  Jii. 

rftowe's  liaiul). 

7G04 


608 


7G11 

must  St,  badl}')]. 


7G16 


And  yiff  I  ffyude  iivauntago 
III  tharneys  ye  pray-'^e  so, 
I  wyl  accorde  wel  ther-to."  ^ 

Thanne  she  a-nooii  hath  forth  brouht 
The  hahe?*iou?i,  fEul  wel  ywrouht, 
( Jii  wych  to-forn  I  ha  yow  told  ; 
And,  to  make  me  strong  &  bold. 
Out  off  hyr  tresour  ok  she  ffette 
An  Elm,  A  Gorger,  A  Targette, 
Glovys  off  plate,  A  swerd  also, 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Ulimii nation.] 
And  thanne  she  spak  &  seyde,  loo, 

Grace  dieu. 
'  Off  thys  liarneys,  take  good  heede. 
And  truste  wel  thow  mustest^  nede   p  trust 
Haue  hem  vp-on,  (As  by  my  lore,) 
(.)r  thow  shalt  repente  sore  ; 
ffor  they  only  to  the  suffyse, 
Yiff  thow  the  gou^/-ne  lyk  the  wysc. 
And  to  my  doctryne  lyst  attende, 
Lyk  a  man,  the  to  dyffende 
Ageyn  hem  that  wyl  do  th6  wrong,     [stnwc,  leaf  137,  back] 

'And  yiff  I  hadde  the  Ubu/ide  strong,  7620 

I  hadde  the  yove  bet  armure ; 
Bat  I  ha  don  my  bysy  cure 

Yt  to  conserue,  ffor  the^  prowh  p  thy  St.] 

Off  folk  that  be  mor  strong  than  thow.  7G24 

'An  helm  tavoyde  th6  fro  dred, 
Thow  shalt  ha  ffyrst  vp-on  thyn  hed. 
The  to  preserue,  erly  and  late ; 

And  a  gorger  inad  off  plate ;  7G28 

And  affter  thys  [ijforgyd  ffayre, 
Glovys  off  plate,  a  myghty  payre, 
Set  vp-on  thyn  hondys  tweyne. 

ffor  ellys  (yiff  I  shal  nat  ffeyne)  7632 

Wyth-outen  hem  (as  thynketh  me,) 
Thow  myghtest  nat  wel  arniyd  l)e. 

'  And,  to  declaren  in  substau?ice, 
Thyn  helm  ys  callyd  '  Attemprau?ice,'  7G3G 


[leaf  1211] 
T/ie  Pil(irim. 


Gidce  Dieu 
briiit,'3  forth 


a  Helinct, 

Corslet,  Oor- 
Ker,  Tartjet, 
Gloves,  and  a 
SvvorJ, 


with  which  I, 
the  pilgrim, 
must  he 
ariued. 


The  Helmet 
is  for  my 
liead, 


[leaf  12ft,  bk.j 
tlie  Gorger 
for  my  throat, 

and  the 
Gloves  tor  my 
hands. 


The  Helmet 
is  called 
'  Attemper- 
ance.' 
[Cap.  exix, 
prose.] 


The  Stowc  MS.  puts  the  heading  '  Grace  Dieu  '  above  the  next  line. 


214     The  Virtues  of  the  Helmet:  it  protects  Eyes  and  Ears. 

Grace  Dicn.    '  By  wych  afom  tliow  slialt  wel  se, 
This  Htimct,    Herkiie  and  smel,  at  lyberte, 

Attemper-  '  ''  ' 

ance  will        TliynL'es  to-forn  or  tliat  tliey  falle, 

enable  me  to  *'     o  j  j 

evenTs*-  -^"*^^  ^^^^  a-fom,  inesclievys  alle,  7G40 

That  no  tliyng  vnwavly  greue. 

ffor  Attemprauwce  (avIio  lyst  preuo) 

Hauetli  thys  condyciou?*, 

Only  off  liigli^  dyscrecyou??  [>  i.igiic  st.,  ow.  c]  7644 

Kepeth  thoye^  cloos  and  secre  [» the  eye] 

That  yt  haue  no  lyberte 

To  opne,  (who-so  lyst  to  Icrc,) 

But  whan  tyme  yt  doth  requcre,  7648 

That  fooly  nor  no  vanyte 

Be  nat  to  large  nor  to  fre, 

'ffor  yilf  thys  hdin  he  iiiad  a-ryht,       [stowc,  leaf  iss] 
itproteotsthe   Yt  shal  nat  haue  to  large  a  sylit,  7652 

Lyst  som  Arwe,  sharpe  y-grounde, 

Entre  niyghte,  &  gyue  a  wou?Rie. 
and  by  cios-     And  at  the  Erys  ek  also 

ing  the  ears,  iii  r,  nr-  r^ 

Thow  mustest^  taken  hed  therto,  pnmstcst.]   /  656 

That  yt  be  nat  to  large  off  space, 
Lyst  that  liy  the  same  place 
Entrede  (by  collusyou?/)  . 

Som  noyse  off  fals  deti-acciou??.,  7660 

Or  som  fooltyssh  dalyaiuice, 
Gruchchyng,  or  noyous  pp/'turbauMce. 
[leaf  121]  '  ffor  thys  helm,  surer  than  Stel, 

Stoppeth  the  Erys  ay  so  wel  [c.  &st.]  7664 

By  prudent  cyrcu?;ispeccyou?i 

keeps  (letrac-    That  DartvS  ^  oft'  DetraCCVOUW  [■*  Oarls  St.] 

lion  IVom  the  ''  ,  "^ 

heart.  (Grou?ide  and  fyled  for  to  smerte) 

Haue  noon  entre  to  the  herte,  7668 

Wych  be  gretly  for  to  drede 

Whan  they,  off  fals  neyhebourhede, 

Ben  yf(n'gyd  off  malys, 

And  ysquaryd  by  fals  devys.  7672 

ffor  ther  ys  noon  mor  dredful  shuur  [C.  &si.] 

Than  off  a  shrewcde  ncyhebour  ; 

ff'or,  wi'tA  ther  dartys,  swyche^  ko/iue  p  swyehe  St.,  swyeh  c] 

Hurtii  wers  than  bowe  or  go«ne  :  7676 


Of  the  Ildmct  of  Salvation,  and  the  Gorgcr  of  Sobriety.     215 


'  Ageyii  wlios  mortal  meshauwcc, 

Thys  helm  callyd  '  attemprauncc ' 

Ys  nedful,  in  thy  dyffence, 

for  to  make  resisteiice  7680 

At  Nase,  at  Ere,  &  at  the  Syht, 

That  yt  hem  kepe  &  clo.se  a-ryht. 

ffor  thys  helm,  for  assurau?ice,       [stowe,  leaf  i38,  back] 

Wych  ys  callyd  '  attempraunce '  7684 

As  Avorthy  &  nohle  off  fame, 

Sey7^  poul  gaff  tlier-ton^  a  name,  [i  tiier-to  St.] 

And  callyd  yt  (for  gret  delyht)  7687 

'  The  helm  off  helthe  &  off  profyt,'  ^^,}:';^';„';:l';Ii\!;^'^;',t 

And  commau?idede  man  take  hed  *"'°  ^^-  ^^^• 

ffor  to  sette  yt  on  ther  hed 

As  for  ther  cheff  Savaciou?i. 

'  And  a  Gorger,  lower  douw,  7692 

He  bad  (as  for  mor  sykernesse) 
They  sholde  make  off  sobyrnesse ; 
ffor  sobyrnesse,  wftA  attemprawzce, 
Haueth  alway  allyau?2ce  ;  7696 

ffor  bothe  they  ben  off  on  allye, 
Ay  to  refreyne  glotonye. 
And  trusteth  wel,  (with-oute  faylle,) 
Thys  Armure  hath  a  double  maylle ;  7700 

And  ellys  (pleynly  I  ensure,) 
Yt  wer  to  feble  to  endure. 

'  And  yiff  thow  lyst  the  cause  espye, 
Ys  thys,  only,  for  glotonye  7704 

Hfith  in  hym  sylff,  off^  frowardnesse,  p^ist.] 

A  dowble  maner  off  woodnesse  ; 
Woodnesse  off  Tast  &  fals  delyt, 

Havynge  to  mesour  no  respyt ;  7708 

And  outrage  ek  off  dalyau?«ce, 
ffor  lakkyng  off  Attempe?*au?*ce. 

'  And  fyrst,  he  doth  hym  sylff  most  wo, 
And  sleth  hys  neyhebours  also,  7712 

Whan  the  claper  ys  out  Konge, 
Wft/<  the  venym  off  hys  Tonge, 
Whan  he  hym  teryth  &  to-rent.  [stowe,  leaf  i.3i»] 

fl'or  ther  ys  addere,  nor  serpent  7716 


Gracp  Difu. 

This  Helmet 
'  Attein- 
peiaiice '  pro- 
tects nose, 
ears,  and 
eyes. 


St.  Paul  bade 
men  wear  it — 


"take  tlie 
lieluiet  of 
salvation" — 

for  their  chief 
salvation. 


[Cap.  if.%, 

prose.] 
Tlie  Gorf,'er 
of  Sobritty 


restrains 
Gluttony, 
[leaf  12i,  bk.] 

This  armour 
is  double 
mail, 


because  Glut- 
tony is  doubly 
mad,  in  taste 
and  excess. 


It  works  ruin 
with  the 
tongue. 


21 G     Of  the  Gorfier  of  Sohriety,  and  the  Gloves  of  Continence. 

Grace  Lieu.    *  So  drodful,  nor  malycyoiis, 
Neither  inkier  As  vs  A  Ton"e  veiivmous  : 

nor  serpent  is  a  u  ' 


Mireadiiii as  N"o  trvacle  mav  the  venvm  saue.  7719 

_  venomous  j  j  tj 

tongue.  Tlier-fore  yt  ys  ful  good  to  have^ —    ['  to  luwc  hi.,  tave  c] 

Ageyn  hys  mortal  cursydnesse, — 

A  Gorger  off  Sobyrnesse, 

The  wych  Arinure  ys  profytable 

To  alle^  folkys  worshepable.  [^ To aiie st.,  Taiie c]  7724 

'  Lat  no  man  wzt//  hys  tongii  byte, 

Nor  w^t^  liys  wordys  falsly  smyte, 

Malycyonsly  to  make  wrak 

Off  hys  neyhcbour,  at  the^  bak  ;  phisst.]  7728 

ffor  who  so  doth,  he  ys  nat  wys, 
St.  wiiiiai.i  'And  Seyn  Wyllmm  off  Chalys,— 

otChalys  . 

A  man  off'  gret  abstynence, 

Wych  neuere  dyde  offence,  7732 

fas  iiig  Life      (As  hys  lyff  phitly  doth  teche,) — 

In  hys  Tonge  nor  in  hys  speche, — 

ffor  ay  he  dyde  hys  bysy  peyne, 
[leaf  122]      Wykkedc  tongys  to  refreync.  7736 

And  mys-spekerys,  thorgh  outrage, 

That  ^v^'t^  her  Tongii  fyl  in  rage, 
{"he  bMt""  '"^  ^^  brydledo  hem,  &  dyde  hem  wreste, 
they  hid.      What-eue/-e  they  herde,  to  sey  tlie  beste.  7710 

Off  whom  ys  good  exauwiple  take, 

And  off  hys  lyff  a  Merour  make, 

That  euere  hadde  in  c6ndyciou?t 

To  here  no  detracciouM  7744 

In  hys  presence,  nyh  nor  fore, 

^Neuere  to  lestene  bakbytere. 

And  therfor,  (as  I  shal  devyse,)     [stowe,  leaf  lai),  badtj 

Arnie  the  in  the  same  wysc  7748 

Turn  away      Tavoydoii  (sliortly  in  sentence) 

all  haek-  J  \  .7  / 

biters.  Al  bakbytcrys  fro  thy  presence. 

And  al  manor  detracc'ionw. 

Wher  thow  hast  domynaciou??.  7752 

[Call,  exxi,  '  The  ucxto  armurc,  the  to  sauc, 

prose.]  '  ' 

Next,  have       Vp-on  thyii  liondys  thow  shalt  haue  : 

Gloves  lor  the      .  n-     i  p  t  i 

hands,  A  peyrc  on  glouys  lorgyd  avoI, 

Surere  than  yren  outlier  stel,  775G 


The  Gloves  of  Continence,  to  sto^i  Icvxl  toucJdngs,  &c.      217 


7760 


r7G4 


'  AH/''  vyces  to  rcstreyne  ; 
Tharmure  off  thyn  handys  twcyiie, 
A-geyn  the  lust  off  fals  touchyng, 
Tast,  or  any  dyslionest  thyng 
To  ffele  or  touche,  as  by  wrong. 

'  ffor  to  make  the  sylue  strong, 
Tliow  shalt  thy  coiwjsayl  take  off'  me, 
Vp-on  thyn  handys,  armyd  to  be 
'With  a  peyre  oft"  glouys  sure. 
And  the  name  off  that  armure, 
The  thryddii  part  oft'  attemprau?ice, 
Wych  ys  callyd  in  substauwce 
(The  taforce  in  thy  dyffencc) 
The  noble  uortu  *  contynence.' 
"Wych  vertu,  seyd  in  syngulertc, 
Ys  egal  to  pluralyte. 
iFor  thys  vertu  (yiff  yt  be  souht) 
By  hym-sylff  allone  ys  nouht 
llbr  honest  wyl,  cowioynt  with  dcde 
In  clennesse,  ys  worthy  mede, 
A-geyn  al  fflesshly  ffreelte 
To  arme^  A  man  in  chastyte. 

'Nouther  off  hem  (who  kan  Se)    befor"  ti.e  one  above  it  inc.] 

May  \Yiiho\xiQ7i  other  be,  7780 

No  mor  than  (yiff  I  shal  nat  ffeyne) 

Wit//-oute  nou?«bre  off  glouys  tweyne, 

No  man  ys  suryd  for^  diffence,         [» for  St.,  for  to  c] 

fi'or  to  make  resistence.  7784 

But  whan  that  wyl  &  tast  also 

Ben  accordyd,  botlie  two, 

Oft'  honeste,  nat  to  trespdce, 

Thogh  they  hadde  fredum  &  space,  7788 

And  also  opportunyte 

To  don  A-niys  at  lyberte, 

Than  semeth  yt  (yiff  thow  take  hede) 

lie  wer  worthy  ful  gret  mede ;  7792 

As  was  Seyn  Bernard,  that  holy  man, 

The  wych  (as  I  reherse  kan) 

Was  AVM'l  armyd  on  owther  bond, 

Whan  he  off  a- venture  ffond-^        t'  uoiuie . .  nbudc  si.j  7706 


[1  To  (irme  St.. 
Stowo  puts  tllib 


'08 


7772 


7770 


Tarmc  C. 
I  leaf  11(1) 


Grace  Dieu. 

to  restrain  all 
vices,  and 
prevent  im- 
proper touch- 
ing8. 


The  name  of 
this  Snl  part 
of  Attcniper- 
unoe 
[lcafl22,  bk.] 


in  '  Conti- 
nence.' 


This  virtue  is 
double, 


in  will  and 
Uiste. 


St.  liornard, 
that  liuly 
man, 


218   Of  St.  BrrnarcVs  Continence.   The  Sword  of  Ri(j]deov,sncss. 


Oriire  Dieu. 

wlien  lie 
found  a  wo- 
inun  in  liis 
bed,    . 


[iciif  i2;i] 


took  no  heed 
or  lier, 


so  ttmt  slie 
tlioii^lit  li'in 
nu  man ; 


Imt  lie  won 
tile  palm  of 
chastity. 


TluTpfore 
the  Cloves 
are  needful. 


Likewise  the 
Sword. 


The  name 
thereof  is 
Hi),'htcou8- 
ness. 


*  (He  ther-off  no  tliyng  wyty]i|.(o,) 

A  womman  in  liys  bodJe^  lyggynge      c' bedde  St.,  byd  c] 

Nakyd,  ful  off  lusty hede, 

^And  plesynge  off  hyr  port  in  dedc,  7800 

Wycll  gaff  hym  gret  OCCasioiUl,      P—- St.  leaves  out  these  t  lines.] 

Wytli  toknys  off  toniptaciou», 

Idiurgh  hyr  port  off  whomnia/diede.- 

But  he  tlier-off  took  noon  hede  ;  7804 

ffor  she  ne  myglite  hym  nat  excite, 

In  liyr  bewte  to  delyt ; 

He  took  off  byre  no  reward, 

ffor  to  tournii  to  hyr  ward  ;  7808 

ifor,  surere  than  any  stel, 

Hys  handys  wern  yarmyd  wel, 

That,  whan  he  shohle  haue  A-do, 

IFro  Touch  &  Tast  he  kepte  liym  so  7812 

That  she  inyghte  \\jm  nat  dyllude.      [stowe,  leaf  un,  back] 

Wher-vp-on),  slie  gan  conclude, 

And  affermede  off  hy??i  a-nuon, 

That  outlier  off  yren  or  off  ston  7816 

He  was  ymad,  &  lyk  no  man  : 

And  tluis  he  the  palme  wan 

Off  chastyte  ;  and  she  A-noon, 

Shamyd  &  confus,  ys  a-goon  ;  7820 

And  he  wiih  victoire^  a-bood  styllc.      p  vyotorye  St.] 

'  And  therfor  (as  by  my  wylle) 
Thow  shalt  tlie  Arinen  (&  nat  feyne)  7823 

"Wyth  swych  a  payre^  Glouys  tweyne.      [*  payie  /  off  st.] 

'  ffor  the  also  I  shal  prouyde 
Tave  A  swerd  ek  by  thy  syde  ; 
(A  bettre  was  ther  neue/'e  found  e, 
Off  stel  fovgyd,  whet  nor  Gvou?Kle,)  7828 

AYyche^  shal  ynowh  suffyse 
The  to  dyffeude  many*^  wyse, 
Yiff  any  Enmy  th6  assaylle 

(Outher  in  skarmussh  outher'^  bataylle,)   ["or  in  St.]  7832 
I  the  ensure,  in  al  tliy  node, 
Whyl  thow  hast  yt,  thow  shalt  nat  ihcdc 
Off"  noon  Emiiy,  nor  no  dystressc, 
The  name  off"  wych  ys  '  Kyhtwysuesse.'  783G 


[5  Whiche  St.,  Wych  C] 
[p  in  eny  St.] 


The  Sv:ord  of  Righteousness  makes  the  Body  ohey  the  S'pirit.  219 


[i.iffst.]  7852 


7856 


'  A  bettre  swerd  was  neuere  wroulit, 

Off  prince  nor  off  kyng  yboulit ; 

ffor  the  swerd  oft"  goode  Ogcr, 

Off  Rowland  nor  off  Olyuer,  7840 

Was  nat  (for  to  reknen  al) 

Off  valu,  to  thys  swerd  egal, 

So  trusty  nor  so  vertuous, 

To  ffolk  in  vertu  coragous.  7844 

ffor  tJiys  swerd  haueth  so  gret  myht,  [stowc,  leuiui] 

To  ryche  and  povre  for  to  do  ryht, 

And  tliorgli  hys  vertuous  werkyng 

Yiveth  eue/y  man  hys  owne  tliyng :  7848 

A  swerd  mad  for  an  Emperour, 

And  for  awry  gouernour, 

And  al  tliat  liauen  regencie 

A-boue  otlier,  or^  maystrye, 

Thcrby  to  gouenie  ther  meync 

And  ther  sogetys  in  equyte, 

That  noon  do  to  other  wrong 

(Thogh  he  be  myghty  outher  strong,) 

By  fforce  nor  by  vyolence, 

Hys  neyh]x)ur  to  don  offence. 

■ '  ffor  thys  swerd,  in  euery  place, 
Alle  wrongys  doth  mAnace,  7860 

And  techeth  A  manhys^  body  wel,        p  mniinys  st.] 
Not  to  be  stordy  nor  rebel ; 
A-geyn  the  Spyryt,  no  thyng  to  seye, 
But  to  be  soget,  and  obeye ;  7864 

And  techeth  A  ma^ihys^  herte  off  ryht, 
To  loue  god  Vfiih  al  hys  niyglit, 
A-boue  al  other  Erthly  thyng, 

As  hym  that  ys  most  myghty  kyng ;  7868 

Eschewe  ffraude,  deceyt  &  guyle  ; 
And  that,  by  couert  off  no  whyle, 
He,  in  hys  affccciou?*, 

Off  wyl  nor  off  entenciou??  7872 

Ne  do  no  maner  tyranye, 
Oppressyou/i  nor  robberye  ; 
And  cheffly,  that  awery  maner  wyht 
Gouerne  and  rule  hy;/i  sylft'  aryht,  7876 


[leaf  123,  blc] 
Grace  Dieu. 

It- is  better 
tlian  the 
sword  of 
Rowland  or 
Oliver,  or  of 
Ofper  the 
Dune. 


It  makes 
every  one  do 
Ilight. 


It  coiiHtraiiis 
the  biidy  to 
bo  subJL'ot  to 
the  spirit. 


[leaf  12i] 
and  never 
oppress  or 
rob  any  one. 


220     Of  the  Sicord  of  liif/htcousoicss  that  stchducs  the  Flesh. 


It  liclpa  to 
subdue  the 

il03ll. 


as  St.  Bcnct, 
girt  with 
this  sword, 
withstood 
temptation. 


and  overcame 
the  flesh. 


[Cap.  cxxiii, 

prose.] 
This  Sword 
of  Righteous- 
ness you 
nivist  wear  on 
your  pilgrim- 
age. 


[leaf  12t,  bk.] 
against  your 
secret  self- 
eausd  foes. 


'  Vyces  putte  in^  subiecciou??,     ^  '^Stowf  leLTiiV'wk  ^ 

That  vertu  ha^  domynaciou?*  [^imhiast.] 

The  fflcsshe  felly  to  chastyse, 

Yiff  yt  rebelle  in  any  wyse  7880 

To  be  to  sturdy  or  to  bold, 

As  seyn  Benyth^  dyde  off  old,  pBenettst.] 

Gyrt  with  the  swerd  off  Eyghtwysnesse, 

Whan  he  dyde  hys  flessh  oppresse  7884 

As  a  myghty  champyou«  : 

Wzt/z-stondyng  hys  teniptaciovm. 

As  regent  and  gouernour, 

He  made  the  spyryt  Empe/'our,  7888 

Smot  the  flessh,  by  gret  duresse, 

With  the  swerd  off  Ryhtwysnesse ; 

Punysshede  hym  so  cruelly, 

Wit/;-oute  respyt  or  mercy,  7892 

Almost  euene  to  the  deth, 

In  poynt  to  yeldyn  vp  the  breth  ; 

Tyl  he,  lyk  a  manly  man, 

With  thys  swerd  the  laurer  waan.  7896 

Hys  fflesshe  rebel,  he  gan  to  dauwte. 

And  his  myght  vp-on  him  haunte,*   ['  c.  leaves  out  tins  line.] 

Ther  yt  was  inobedyent. 

To  ben  at  hys  comau/wlement,  7900 

So  lowly  to  hy/«,  &  so  mek. 

'The  wyche^  swerd  thow  shalt  bern  ek   [^whichest., 

-'  wych  C.J 

On  pylgrymage,  wher  thow  shalt  gon, 

Ageyn  thy?^  Enmyes  eue/ychon,  7904 

Thy  prevy  enmyes  (thus  I  mene,) 

Hard  and  greuous  to  sustenc  ; 

li'or  ther  be  noon  so  peryllous. 

So  dredful  nor  so  dangerous,  7908 

As  ben  thylke  Enmyes  in  socre,  rstowe,  leaf  ii2] 

Wych  oft'  thy  sylft"  ycausyd  be. 

And  grucche  ageyn  the  nyh"^  &  ferre,      ["  nygh  st.,  nygiit  c] 

With  the  Spyryt  to  holde  a  worre.  7912 

'  But  or  that  thow  thys  barct  ffyne, 
And  or  that  froward  wyl  enclyne, 
Tliyn  hcrtc  make  to  assente, 
Loke  thow  chau/^gti  tliyn  entente,  79 IG 


Tlic  Sw<yi\J  of  Iii<)}LtcousncsH  tC  the  Scahhard  of  Ilumility.  221 


'  Synsualyte  to  oppresse 

Wit/^  thys  swerd  off  Kyghtwysnesse  : 

Dau/ite  alway  hys  rebellious, 

And  brynge  hym  to  subiecciou?i ;  7920 

Lat  nat  thy  flesshe  ha  the  maystrye, 

But  mak  hym  lowly  boAve  &  pi  ye 

To  the  spyryt  in  cue/ythyng ; 

And  lat  thy  reso^^n,  as  lord  and  kyiig,  792t 

(By  tytle  off  domynaciou??,) 

The  flessh  haue  in  subiecciouw. 

Than  nedcth  yt  no  mor  to  muse ; 

Thys  swerd  off  ryht  thow  dost  Avel  vse,  7928 

Thy  sylft'  to  gouernen  &  to  sauc. 

'  And  thys  swerd  also  shal  haue 
(To  kepe  yt  clene  in  hys  degre) 

A  skawberk  off  humylyte,  7932 

Wher-inue,^  (for  most  avauretage)        ['  imie  St.,  in  c] 
Thy  swerd  shal  haue  hys  herbergage ; 
Only  to  teche  &  sygncfye, 

Tliat  eclie  good  work  (who  kan  espyc,)  7936 

May  lyte^  vaylle,  but  yitf  yt  bo  [-  lytei  St.] 

Closvd  Vnder  humylyte.  ^  ^'■''-  .Himilitua  sola  CHt  obsfmntrix 

''  •'    -^  et  cu8t(os)que  virtutuiii.    bt.,  om.  V,. 

'  Thys  skauberk  (in  especyal) 
Ys  makyd  off  A  skyn  mortal :       [siowc,  leat  u2,  back]  7910 
Thys  to  seyne,  (who  so  kan  se,) 
Al  Erthly  folkys  that  her^  be  p  heif  St.] 

(Off  ech  estate  both  yong  &  old,) 
Shal  deyen,  as  I  ha  the  told. 
Ha  thys  ay  in  thy  mynde  &  thoulit, 
And  lat  thy  skawberk  ther-off  be  wrouht ; 
And  ther-vp-on  conclude,  and  se 
To  uamen  yt  'Humylyte.'  79-4<S 

'  ffor  ther  ys  noon  so  proud  alyue, 
A-geyus  deth  that  may  wel  stryue ; 
And  who  that  hath  ay  deth  in  niynde, 
Som  whyle  I  trowe,  he  shal  fynde  7952 

To  knowe  hys  ouue  ffreelte, 
A  skawberk  off  humylyte. 

'  And,  to  purpos,  I  telle  kan 
How  that  onys  a  pubplycan  795G 


The  flesh 
must  how  to 
tlie  spirit  in 
everytliiiig. 


[Cap.  cxxv, 

prose.] 
Tliis  Swonl 
ot  Uipjlileoua- 
ness  is  Id'pt 
in  tlio  Scah- 
hanl  of 
Humility. 


All  folk  shall 
ilie. 


7941        [leaf  12.^)] 

Uememhcr 
this,  and  be 
Imuible. 


222    The  Pharisee  and  PMiean.    The  Seahhard  of  Hwmility. 


The  Pliarisee 
anil  tlie 
Publican. 


Tlie  proud 
Pharisee 
despiseil  the 
Publieari. 


He  hadn't 
the  Soabliard 
of  Humility. 


[leaf  125,  bk.] 


Virtue  is  of 
no  avail 
without 
Humility. 


[Cap.  oitxvi, 
prose.] 


And  a  pharise  also, 
Kam  to  the  te?«plG  botlie  two. 
The  ton  hym  sylff  gan  iustefye, 
And  off  pryde  to  magiiefye, 
That  he  was  lyk  non  other  Avhiht ; 
And  bostede  in  hys  ounii  syht, 
He  was  hooly  in  hih  degre  : 
Thus  sayde  the  proiide  pharysee  ; 
And  off  pryde  lie  fyrst  be-gan  ^ 
To  despyse  the  pubplykan  ; 
Sayde,  *  he  was  to  hym  nat  habh^ 
Off  meryt,  nor  comparable 

'  Off  whos  pryde,  aft'ernie  I  dar, 
That  he  thys  swerd  to  proudly  bar, 
llavynge  nat  (who  lyst  to  se) 
The  skawberk  off  huniylyte, 
He  lyst  nat  Se,  no  thyng  at  al, 
That  ha  2  was  a  man  mortal ; 
]^ut  off  hih  pr«sumptuousnesse 
He  shewede  out  hys  Kyghtwysnessc,^ 
Gan  to  boste,  &  crye  lowde. 

*  And  so  do?i  al  thys  folkys  proude, 
To  gets  hem  fame  by  veyn  glory e. 
And  putte  her  namys  in  meniorye. 
]]ut  thow  ne  shalt  no  thyng  do  so, 
But  let*  thy  Swerd  (tak  hed  her-to)^ 
(The  Swerd,  I  mene,  of  Ryghtwysnesse, 
ffor  any  maner  holynesse,) 
Cloos  wit/i-Inne  (wher  so  thow  be,) 
The  skawberk  off  huniylyte. 

'  ffor  what  deme  off  dyscreciouvi 
A-vaylleth  any  pe/'feccioura  — 
Abstynau7jce,  outlier  penau?«ce, 
Or  any  vertu,  in  substau//ce — 
liut  yiff  they  ygrou/^lyd  be 
On*5  lownesi^e  and  huniylyte. 
Ground  and  rote  off  eche  good  werk. 
And  i)ut  thy  Swerd  in  the  skawberlc 
Off  meknesse  ^  lavlyhede.'' 

'  And  aft'ter  that,  tak  gootl  heedc 


79G0 


7961 

[1  Stowe  le.ives  out  this  line. J 


79GS 


7972 

[2  he  St.] 
[Stowe,  leaf  IW] 

7976 

[3  And  hym  aylff/  koude 
nat  Hedresse.    St. 


7980 


[+  here  St.  (let  =  leave)] 
P  ther-lo  St.] 


798-i 


7988 


[-■•oiT.st.]  7992 


[■  Luwlyhede  St.] 


7996 


(rirdlc  of  Perseverance  &  Constancy.   Target  af  I'riulcnce.   223 


'  (As  a  man  no  thyng  afferd) 

The  to  gyrde  wiili  thys  swerd, 

Thys  noble  swyrd  oil  ryglitwysnesse 

In  the  skawberk  oil  ineknesse. 

'  And  thy  gyrdel  ek  shal  be — 
Wit/i  wych  thow  shalt  ygyrden  the — 
Tlie  gyrdel  off  '  perseueraunce ' ; 
The  Bokle  callyd  ek  '  constauwce ' ; 
Tliat  whan  the  tong  ys  onys  Inne, 
They  shal  neue;'e  parte  A-twynne, 
But  perpetuelly  endure^ 
To  kepe  the  cloos  in  thy/i  Arniure, 
Tliat  they  departe  nat  assonder. 
And  yiff  they  dyde,  yt  wcr  gret  wonder ; 
ffor  perseuerauwce  (I  dar  seye) 
Ys  the  verray  parfyt  keye 
And  lok  also  (I  dar  assure) 
Off  perfecciou?t  off  arnnire. 

'  And  therfore  alway  do  thy  peyne 
ffor  to  fastne  wel  tliys^  tweyne, 
The  gyrdel  off  perseuerau??.ce 
Wz't/i  the  Bookie  off  constau/ice ; 
And  than  thy  Swerd,  longe  tabyde, 
Ys  wel  gyrt  vn-to  thy  syde  : 
Ha  thys  wel  in  mynde,  I  cliarge. 

'Now  Avyl  I  spekyn  off  tliy  Targe, 
The  wych  in  soth  (who  kan  entende,) 
Schal  thyn  Arniure  weP  A-niende, 
And  kope  yt,  (lyk  as  yt  ys  wroulit,) 
In  vertu  that  yt  A-peyre  nouht. 
The  wych  vp-on  thy  brest  to-fore, 
Off  custom  euere  shal  be  bore. 
As  cheff  tliyng  for  thy  dyffence  : 
The  name  off  wych  slial  be  '  prudence ' ; 
A  Targe  most  worthy  off  Renou??. 
ffor,  whilom,  Kyng  Salamou7j 
Bar  ay  thys  targe  in  hys  entent, 
ffor  to  do  ryhtful  lugement, 

Eychere  to  hyni  (Erly  &  late)  8035 

Than  off  gold  to  .ij.^  hondryd  plate,      [*  Guide  /  twuo  st.j 


8000 


8004 


[1  to  emlurc  St.]    8007 
[Stowe,  leaf  MS,  back] 


8012 


[stiicsst.]  8010 


8020 


PalleSt.]    8024 


8028 


8032 


Tlie  Girdle 
of  Persever- 
ance, 


with  its 
liiicUlo  c;illcd 
'(Joiistaiicy." 


[leaf  liO] 


Always  fasten 
Pcrsevoranco 
with  Con- 
stancy. 


[Cap.  cxxviii, 
prose ;  cap. 
cxxvii  is  not 
in  the  verse 

English.] 

The  Target. 


Its  name  is 
Prudence, 


which  Kini; 
Soloniiin  hurt 
in  his  mind. 


224          Of  the  Target  of  Prudence,  and  King  Solomon. 


Grace  I>ieu. 


While  Solo- 

mon  was 

qoveriieil  hy 

Prudence  liia 

maiinificciice 

lasted. 

[leaf  12.",,  bU.] 


Tliorpforc 
wear  this 
Target, 


to  repel 
assaults. 


He  nfi  enwavd, 
liiit.  wisely 
bold. 


'  And  luor  off  valu  (as  yi  y.'*  told) 

Than  al  the  sheldys  mad  off  gold, 

Wych  in  hys  temple  (out  off  doute) 

He  made  hange  round  a-boute.  8040 

'  ff or,  by  thys  targe  off  prudence,     [stowe,  leaf  lu] 
He  hadde  so  gret  excellence 
Of  wor.ghepe,  &  so  gret  honour, 

As  he  that  was  off  wysdom  flour.  8044 

Whil  he  was  gouernyd  by  prudence, 
Endurede  hys  magnyfycence ; 
And  whan  that  prudence  was  a-go, 
Hys  worshype  wente  a-way  also.  8048 

Hys  sheldys  off  gold,  ek  cue/ychon, 
A  dyeu^  whan  prudence  was  a-gon.         ['ADicu.st.] 
ffor  prudence,  the  shyld  I  calle, 

Off  fyue  hundryd  the  best  off  alle,  8052 

ffor  to  rekne  hym,^  on  by  on  ;  P  hem  st.i 

And,  to  kepe  a  man  ffrom  hys  fon, 
Ys  noon  so  myghty  off  vertu, 
Nor  equyualent^  off  valu.  p  Eqnypoient  st.]  805G 

'Wherfor,^  wdiil  thow  art  at  large,       [*Aiwnyst.j 
Looke  thow  haue  vp-on,  thys  targe,^    {^Sr^ini^ab^vi'u.] 
Wherso  thow  entre  in  batayli, 
Whan  thyn  Emnyes  the  assaylle. 
To  force '^  thy  quarel  &  a-mende, 
Ber  vp,  tt  wel  thy-sylff'''  dyffende 
At  alle  assautys  fer  &  ner. 

In  maner  off  a  bokiiler.  80i34 

ffor^  gonnys,  dartys,  &  quarel,  p  against] 

Slirowde  the  ther-vnder  wel ; 
Be  no  coward,  But  wysly  bolde. 

'  And  now  I  haue  the  pleynly  toldc  80G8 

Oft'  thyn  arniure,  (yiff  thow  talc  hc<k',) 
Wher-off  thow  shalt  haue  ay  most  nede, 
Wit//-oiiten  many  wordys  mo  : 
Now  be  avysed'  what  thow  wylt  do.'  8072 

The  pylgrym. 
^"Certys,"  i]iwd  I,  "  ther  ys  no  more;  [stcue,  uai  lu,  back] 

"  Liue.s  8073 — 8100  have  no  countcipait  in  the  Cambr.  prose, 
or  in  its  original,  the  lirst  version  of  the  French  prose. 


8060 
[«  Talfurce  St.] 
C.  inserts  '  thy,'  St. '  tlie.'] 


/  ask  why  Armour  is  not  given  for  my  Legs  and  Feet.  225 


I  want 
armour  for 
my  legs  and 
feet. 


[leaf  127] 


"  But  I  am  astouyJ  sore  Tiie  pugrim. 

Off  0  thyng  wycli  conieth  to  mynde, 

Wych  that  ye  ha  lefft  be-hynde  :  8076        ' 

Thys  to  seyne,  off  al  armure 

Ye  ban  me  makyd^  strong  &  sure,  ['  made  St.] 

Saue  my  leggys  &  ffeet  also  : 

Ye  haue  no  thyng  yseyn-  tber-to,  pseyest.]  8080 

Nor  rybt  nouht  for  hem  ordeyned ; 

The  wych  onhte  be  cojnpleyned ; 

ffor  folk  off  bib  dyscrecions 

Speke  fyrst  off  Savacions,  8084 

Off  greevys,  &  kussbewys  ^  ek  also,    P  kysshewys  st.] 

Whan  that  men  shal  haue  a^-doo ;  t*  to  St.] 

But  ye  (l)y  short  conclusiou/^) 

Make  ther-off  no  mencyou?^.  8088 

"  But,  for  to  telle  yow  my  thoubt, 
ffor  my  party,  I  rechche  noubt ; 
ffor,  in  spede  off  my  vyage, 

Yt  were  to  mc  noon  avauretage,  8092 

Yiff  I  sbolde  gon  at  large, 
ffor  to  here  so  gret  a  charge." 

Grace  dieu  axete  ^  [^  axete,  om.  st.] 

*  Sawh  thow  euez-e*'  (so  god  the  blesse  !)        P  neuere  st.] 
In  forest  or  in  wyldernesse  8096 
(Tel  on,  yiff  yt  conietb  to  mynde) 
Huntyng  for  hert  outher  for  yndc,^         ["  Hymie  st.] 
Cbasyng  for  Eayndeer  or^  for  Eoo,          [« other  st.] 
Huntyng  for  buk  outlier  for  do  ? '                             8100 

The  pylgrym  answereth 
"Trewly,"  (\uod  I,  "to  speke  in  pleyn,     [Stowe, leaf iis] 
Somtyme,  huntyng  haue  I  seyn." 

Grace  dieu 

*  Thanne,'  (\uod  she,  '  I  the  comawnde, 
Answere  vn-to  thys  demaMnde  :  8104 
Bestys  that  ben  in  wyldernesse, 
Whan  huntys  don  tber  besynesse 
To  chacen  hem,  and  kachche  her  pray. 
What  ys  that  thyng  that  best  may  8108 
Helpen  bestys  in  ther  defence, 
ffor  tescbewe  the  vyolence 

PILGRIMAGE.  Q 


Grace  Dim. 

Grace  Dieu 
asks  if  I  have 
ever  seen 
Imiiting. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  answer 
'  Yes.' 


She  asks 
what  is  the 
best  defence 
of  animals  in 
the  chase. 


226  Grace  Dicu  says  Venus  &  Cupid  lie  in  wait  for  Pilgrims ; 


[leaf  127,  bk.] 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  answer 
'  HiKl.t.' 


Thf  ViJprim. 

Armour 
would  tliere- 
lore  hinder 
their  flight. 


says  that 


a  deadly 
huntress  lies 
in  wait  for 
ine; 


her  name  is 
Venus. 
Her  son  is 
Cupid. 


[leaf  128] 


'  Off  houndys  in  swycli  sodeyn  iape/        [}  Rape  St.] 
fiVely  fro  the  deth  to  skape  1 '  ^  [^  teskape  St.]  8112 

The  pylgrym 
"  Trcw[u]ly,  vn-to  my  8yht, 
To  hem,  best  help^  ys  the  flyht,"  p  help,  o»k. St.] 

Grace  dieu 
'  Thanne,  yiff  they  hadde  vp-on  Armure, 
On  ther  leggys,  (hem  sylff  tassure)  81 IG 

Outher  off  plate,  maylle,  or  stel, 
ffro  byt  off  ho?indys  to  kepe  hem  wel, 
Answere  ageyn,  shortly  to  me, 
Sholde  they  be  swyfft,  away  to  flcT  8120 

The   pylgrym  [Stowe,  leaf  HS,  back] 

"  Certys,"  q^iot?  I,  "  I  wot  ryht  wel, 
Yt  sholde  he??i  furthre  neueradel 
So  to  ben  armyd,  (as  I  gesse,) 
But  rather  hyndren  ther  Swyfftnesse."  8124 

Grace  dieu 
*  Now  her-vp-on  tak  hed  to  me, 
Conceyue  what  I  shal  telle  the : 
In  thy  passage,  ther*  thoAv  shalt  pace,      [♦whcrst.] 
Yt  ys  holde  a  perylous  place ;  8128 

And  I  the  putte  in  ful  surnesse, 
Ther  lyth  A  mortal  hunteresse. 
In  a-wayt  to  hyndre  the, 

Wyth  gret  nou??ibre  off  hyr  meyne,  8132 

Gretly  to  drede,  &  danwgerous  ; 

The  name  off  whom  y.'?  dame  Venus,''   [^  venus  St.,  om.  c] 
And  hyr  sone  callyd  Cupide, 

The  blyndc  lord,  wayty7ige  asyde  8136 

W/t/i  liys  Arwes  fyled  kene, 
To  the  ful  dredful  to  sustene. 

'  And  thys  lady  doth  eupre  espyc, 
'Wiili  huntys  in  hyr  co?»panye,  8140 

Most  pf  villous  to  hurte  &  wouv^de, 
Al  pylgrymes  to  confourede. 

ffor  ther  ys  huntij''  nor  foster  [•'■Huntst,] 

That  chaceth  ay  the  wylde  deer,  8144 

Nor  other  bestys  that  byth  Savage, 
That  may  be  lykned  to  the  rage 


and  Flight  is  their  only  defence :  so  my  Legs  are  unarmd.  227 

*  Off  dame  Venus  :  wherf or  tak  liede      [stowe,  leaf  iig]        Grace  pieu. 
How  grctly  she  vs  to  drede.  8148   she  is  greatly 

o        -^  ^  to  dread. 

'  And  yiff  thow  kanst  the  trouthe  espye, 
Venus  ys  sayd  ofe  veuerye ;      ^'"stowe!"'"  ^ "'""""' """'  ^' 
ffor  she  ys  the  hunteresse 

Wych  euere  doth  hyr  bysynesse  8152 

To  take  pylgrimes  by  som  treyne, 
And  tenbracen  in  hyr  cheyne, 
And  with  hyr  ffyry  brond  also 

ffor  to  don  hem  peyne  &  wo,  8156 

And  ther  passage  for  tassaylle. 

'  And  fynally,  in  thys  bataylle  Fiom  her 

Ther  geyneth  power  noon,  nor  myht,  8159 

Nor  other  rescus  but  the  fflyht,  ^"s*^  est^su«in  Remedium  St.,      flig,,t  i,  the 

•^  om.  t.  QDly  defence. 

ffor  flyht  ys  only  best  diffence ; 

Andi  ffor  to  make  rdsistence  [i  And  st.,  om.  c] 

A-geyn  hyr  dredful  mortal  werre, 

The  ffyht^  w^■t/i  hyre  ys  best  a-ferre.       [^fflyghtst.]  8164 

'  ffor  yiff  A  man  be  rekkeles 
ffor  to  putte  hym  sylff  in  pres, 
ffarwel  dyffence  off  al  Armure  ! 

Ther  folwe  shal  dyscou;«.fyture  8168 

On  tlie  party  that  doth  a-l^yde ; 
ffor  Venus  &  hyr  sone  cnpyde, 
In  ther  conquest  han  vyctorye, 

And  in  ther  werrys,  ffals  veyn  glorye,  8172 

Whan  folkys  at  dyffence  stonde 
To  fyhte  wit//  hem  hand^  off  honde  ;       [»honde  St.] 

'And  for  thys  skyle,  thow  sholdest*  be  lyht  [*shustst.] 
ffor  to  take  the  to  the  flyht ;  [c.  &st.]8176   [ieafi28,bk. 

Whan  thow  hast  nede,  (take^  yt  in  mynde,)    [^  have  St.]      Therefore  i 

T  1  1       AO       1  1  1  ''^"  ''®^'  ^^^^ 

Legnarneys  ys  lent  be-hynde,  [c.  &  st.]  nberty  by 

That  thow  mayst,  at  lyberte,         [stowe,  leaf  iie,  back] 

Hyr  dartys  and  hyr  brondys  flc.  8180 

'Whan  thow  hyr  seyst,*'  mak  no  dyffence,  [«seestst.] 
Nor  noon  other  rcsistence, 
But  eschewe  place  &  syht. 

And  alway  tak  the  to  the  flyht.  8184 

Tourne  thy  bak,  &  she  wyl  go ;         ^L'/eTpr^alnr//"™* 
And  yiff  thow  flest,  she  fleth  also.       "i^^i  ^"^^^j' ''ol^c^'''  "'=* 


flight. 


228  /  irat  on  all  my  Armour,  and  my  Sword  and  Target. 


Flislit  is 
the  lieat 
remedy. 


[Caml).  prose, 
cap.  cxxix.] 


I  dislike  the 
purpoiut ; 


but  lest  n  race 
Dieu  should 
be  wroth, 
I  put  it  on, 
and  the  ha- 
bergeon ; 


then  the 
gorger 

and  helmet ; 

[leaf  129] 

then  the 
gloves  and 
sword  ; 


and  lastly, 
the  target. 


[Camb.  prose, 
oap.  e.\xx.] 


But  it  is 

grievously 

heavy. 


[I  best  St.]    8188 


8192 


[2  I  St.] 


*  A-geyn  wlios  malj's  and  envyc, 
fllylit  ys  the  be.stc^  remcdye 
Off  al  other  (yiff  yt  be  souht) ; 
Other  barneys  the  nedeth  nouht 
Vp-on  thy  leggys  (truste  me,) 
ffor  no  mane/-  necessyte, 
'Wiili  Venus  to  holde  chau???pa?*tye.' 
And  whan  I  sawh,  &2  gan  espye, 
And  vnderstood  hyr  wonder  wel 
Touchynge  tharmure  eue/ydel 
Wych  she  liadde  for  me  broidit, 
I  ^  gan  assaye,  and  taiyede  nouht  [^  And  i  st.] 

Me  tarmii  fro  poynt  to  poyut ; 
But  me  lykede  nat  my  purpoyut : 
I  fond  ther-in*  so  gret  a  lak,  [MTounde  ther  St.] 

Yt  heng  so  heuy  on  my  bak, 
I  wolde  fayn  haue  lett  yt  be  ; 

But  lyst^  that  she  were  wroth  w/t//  mo,     [Mestst.]  8204 
I  sulfrede  ;  &,  in  conclusiow^, 
Ther-on  dyde  the  haberiou'« 
Wych  she  me  tok,  ful''  bryht  i^  clere.    [« lokc  /  fui  om.  St.] 


8196 


8200 


And  affter  that,  the  double  Gorger, — 
Tu  liyr  byddynge  I  took  swych  hedo ; — 
And  tha?^ne  the  helm  vp-on  ra\n  bed, 
]\Iad  ful  strong,  and  forgyd  wel ; 
Xext,  my  glovys,  Ifynere  than  stel, 
And  gyrte  me  wit/;  my  swerd  ryht  tho. 
And  alderlast,  I  took  also 
My  targe,  that  callyd  was  '  prudence,' 
And  hengyd  yt  on  in  my  dyfi'ence 
liound  a-boute  my  nekke  a-noon. 

And  platly,  whan  I  hadde  al  don 
Lyk  as  she  bade,  wt'tA  my?i  barneys, 
I  felte  ther-off  so  gret  a  peys,  ■ 
That  I  myghte  nat  endure 
Tlie  greuous  Avheylitw  oft"  myn  armure. 
That  for  dystresse  I  a  brayde, 
And  to  grace  dieu  I  saydc : 

[BJank  in  MS.  for  an  Ilhuinnafion.'] 

The  pylgrym 


8208 


8212 

[Ston-e,  leaf  U7] 


821G 


8220 


8221 


But  it  hothers  me  so,  that  I  complaiii  of  it  to  G^'acc  DicAb.  229 


E^viieseSt.]   8228 


[1  nought  St.]  8232 


"Ma  dame,"  ({uod  I,  "  nc  greff^  yow  noulit    ['grevest.j 

Thogli  I  dyscure  to  yow  rwy  thoulit ; 

And  lat  yt  yow  no  thyng  dysplese, 

Thogli  I  declare  my?j  gret  vnhese,- 

And  disclose  yow  my  mesclieff  ; 

Thys  armure  doth  me  so  gret  greff, 

So  gret  annoy  &  dysplesau?jce, 

Tliat  I  ne  may  me  nat^  a-vaii?jce 

Vp-on  my  way  nor  my  lourne, 

Swych  hevynesse  encou???breth  me. 

"Myu  helm  hath  lafft  me  my  syyng 
And  take  a-way  ek  my?i  heryng  ; 
And  most  off  al  dyspleseth  me, 
I  se  nat  that  I  wolde  se. 
And  also,  (yiff  ye  lyst  to  lere,) 
Thyng  that  I  wolde,  I  may  nat  here ; 
And  smelle  also  I  may  no  thyng 
That  sholde  be  to  my  lykyng. 

"Thys  gorger  (ek  as  ye  may  se,)  [stowe, leaf H7; 
Gret  encou/«brau?ice  doth  to  me. 
And  strangleth  me  almost  vp  ryht, 
That  I  may  nat  speke  a-ryht, 
I  fele  so  gret  a  passiouw  : 
And  (for  short  conclusion?*) 
Thys  armure  may  me  nat  profyte, 
In  wych  I  do  me  nat  delyte. 

"  Thys  glouys  bynde  me  so  sore, 
That  I  may*  weryn  he?«  no  more, 
Wit/i  her  pynchyng  to  be  bou?jde, 
Myn  handys  ben  so  tendre  and  Rou^kIc  ; 
And  al  the  remnaunt  (I  ensure) 
That  ye  gaff  me,  off  armure. 
Me  streyneth  so  on  euery  syde, 
That  I  may  nat  ther-wtt/i  a-byde. 

"  I  ha  to  yow  told  al  the  caas  ; 
I  am  nat  strengere^  tha?*  dauyd  Avas,     [^  stronger  c]  8260 
Wych  hadde  so  myche  suffysau?jcc  ; 
But,  for  cause  off  dysusan?«ce 
In  hys  youthe  whan  he  was  tendre. 
And  off  makyng  smal  &  sklendre,  8264 


8236 


8240 


back] 

8244 


8248 


[' may  om.  St.]    8252 


8256 


I  complain 
of  the  annoy- 
anoo  caused 
tiy  my  arm- 
our. 


The  Helmet 
stops  my  see- 
ing and  hear- 
ing, 
[leaf  I2a,bk.] 


The  Gorger 
nearly 
strangles  me. 


[Camb.  prose, 
cap.  cxxxi.] 
Tlie  Gloves 
pinch  me ; 


the  other 
Armour  I 
can't  put  up 
with. 


I  am  not 
stronger  than 
David, 


230   I  declare  that  I  wmit  wear  Armour  when  I  fight  Venus. 


The  PUgrim. 


when  he 
fouglit  with 
Goliath. 


[leaf  130] 


I  say  I  will 
leave  the 
armour  when 
1  meet  Venus. 


Grace  Bieu 


[Camb.  prose, 
cap.  cxxxii.] 

tells  me 


the  armour 

is  lit,'lit, 

it  I  niuia  but 

u^ie  it. 


I  shall  have 
a  packhorse 
to  carry  my 
armour. 


[3wylleSt.]    8276 


[Stowe,  leaf  148] 


[1  dydde  me  St.]    8280 


"  (In  the  byble  ye  may  se,) 

Hy??^  lyst  nat  Armyd  for^  to  be  [i  for  om.  St.] 

Whan  that  he  (thus  stood  the  caas,) 
Sholde  fyhte  vfiih  Golyas, 
Swych  Armure  he  hath  forsake  ; 
Off  whom  I  wyle  exau?»ple  take, 
ffor  my  party,  to  go  lyht, 
To  ben  ay  redy  to  the  flyht, 
Whan  that  Venus  (by  bataylle,) 
On  the  "weye  me  wyl^  assaylle,  p  wyiie  me  st.] 

Al  thys  arinure  I  wyl  leue, 
Be-cause  that  they  do^  me  greue, 
Off  purpos  (lyk  as  ye  shal  se) 
That  I  may  the  bettre  fle, 
Lyst  I  stode  in  lupartye 
Whan  Venus  me  dyde"*  espye, 
Wych  ys  the  peryllous  hunteresse, 
Pylgiymes  to  putten  in  dystresse." 
Grace  dieu 

'  Yt  nedeth  her-on  no  mor  to  muse, — 
Ey  cause  thow  dost  thy  sylff  excuse, — 
How  armure  doth  to  th6  grevau?zce ; 
ffor  he  that  hath^  no  suffysaunce       [s  hath  St.,  o»n.  c] 
Wyth-Inne  hy?«-sylff  tendure  peyne, 
Off  lytel  thyng  he  wyl  co???pleyne, 
And  a  lytel  charge  refuse. 

*  But  shortly,  yiff  thow  koudest  vse 
Thys  Armure,  yt  sholde  seme  lyht, 
And  nat  lette  the  in  thy  flyht ; 
ffor  thys  armure  ys  nat  heuy 
To  hertys  stronge,  that  be  myghty 
To  endure,  and  byde  longe 
Vp-on  heuy  chargys  stronge, 

'  But  thow  hast  excusyd  the, 
That  thow  wylt  nat  Armyd  be, 
But  go  lyht,  bothe''  fer  &  ner,  p  bothc  ow.  st.] 

And  therfore  thow  shalt  ban  A'^  Somer^  /  Bahu/st 
To  karyen-in^  thy«  hanieys  al,^  paom.  st.  'Jinnest.] 
Wych  in  soth  shal  bo  l»ut  smal, 

^  These  line.s  are  in  Cambridge  prose,  p.  138. 


82G8 


8272 


8284 


8288 


8292 


8296 


,  om.  C. 

8301 


I'll  have  only  Sling  &  Stones.   So  I  cast  off  my  Armotcr.    231 


'  To  trusse  yt  in,  whan  thow  hast  nede, 

And  with  the  thow  shalt  yt  lede, —  8304 

Lyst  sodeynly,  in  bataylle, 

Any  man  the  wolde  assaylle, — 

Lyte  and  lyte  to  vse  the,  [stowe,  leaf  us,  back] 

Eue?*e  a-mong,  armyd  to  be.  8308 

'  Arid  for  thow  hast  made  menc'ioiui, 
Off  dauyd  the  noble  champyou??, — 
That  he  wold  noon  Armys  here, —  8311 

Wych  slowh  the  Lyon  &  the  Beere ;   ^""Z'^st "'"'"  ^" 

But  touch yng  the  Samii  fourme^    [>  form  fourme  C,  fourme  St.J 

Thow  mayst  the  neuere  to  hy??j  cortfourme. 

But  yiff  thy  body  thow^  applye       p  thow  st.,  now  c] 

ffor  to  fyhte  a-geyn  Golye  8316 

With  thy  staff  &  with  thy  slynge  ; 

And  with  the  also  that  thow  brynge 

In  thy  skryppe  stonys  fyue, 

With  the  geauret  for  to  stryue,  8320 

As  dauyd  dyde,  thorgh  hys  renou??, 

Whan  he  hjm  slowh  &  beet  a-douw.' 

The    pylgrym  ^  [^  Pylgryme  st.,  pylgnn  C] 

"  Ma  dame,  certys,"  tho  qiiod  I, 
"  That  ye  me  grau7it  so  gracyously 
To  be  armyd  as  dauyd  was 
Whan  he  fauht  with  Golyas, 
I  thank  e  yow  witJi  al  myn  myght, 
And  yow  be-seche  /  a-noon  ryht 
That  I  may  be  armyd  so, 
Whan-eue?-e  that  I  shal  haue  a-do. 
Other  Armure  ne  wyl  I  noon, 

On  pylgrimage  whan  I  shal  gon  ;  8332 

But  that  ye*  lyst  to  do  your  peyne  [*yowst.] 

A  Somer,  fyrst[e]  to  ordeyne,        IF  BaUu  /  st.,  om.  c. 
And  ther-wyth  (as  ye  haue  be-hyht) 
Stonys  &  slynge  a-noon  ryht. 
But  fyrst  I  shal  dysArme  me 
Off  thys  Armure,  as  ye  shal  Se."         [stowe,  leaf  uo] 
And  so  I  dyde  ;  &  caste -^  dou?t  [skastst.] 

Purpoynt,  helm  and  haberiou??, 
Glouys  &  swerd,  I  yow  ensure, 


Grace  Dleti 
says  that, 

[leaf  130,  bk.] 


[Camb.  prose, 
cap.  cxxxvi.] 


as  touching 
David,  who 
slew  the  lion 
and  the  Ijear ; 


8324 


8328 


8336 


8340 


I  must,  like 
him,  take 
sling  and 
stones. 


The  PUgrim. 

[Camli.  prose, 
cap.  cxxxvii." 

viii.] 


I  gladly  agree 
to  this, 


and  throw  off 
all  my 
armour. 

[Camb.  prose, 

cap.  cxxxix.] 

[leaf  131] 


232     Grace  Dieu  leaves  me,  and  I  grieve  over  her  going. 


Grace  Dicu 
ie  displeased, 


and  leaves 
me. 


[«  And  St.,  om.  C] 

\}  in  to  raanere  of  a  St.] 


8352 


[«  my  St.] 


8356 


8360 


The  Pilgrim.  Aiitl  fyiially,  al  iiiyn  armure  ; 

YBlank  in  MS.  fur  an  lUutiiinatioti.] 
Whevoff  me  thouhte  I  was  wel  esyd. 

But  Grace  dieu  was  nat  wel  plesyd  8344 

(Shortly)  off  my  goiiernannce, 
But  took  yt  parcel  in  greuau7?,ce, 

And  frn  nip  slip  ^an  derlvne  ^         f  ■^"'^  ^°  "^  "°  ^^y^i^  'lydJe 
And  entrede  in,- in  hyr  courtyne.  pinnest.]  8348 

And  disarmyd  I  a-bood, 
And  fulle  nakyd  so^  I  stood,  p  styiie  n. tiier  st.] 

And^  flfel  in-to  A  maner^  Rage 
Off  dysconfort,  in  my  corage. 
The  lak  vpon  me  *>  sylff  I  leyde ; 
And  thus  vn-to  my  sylff  I  seyde  : 
"  Alias  !  "  quod  I,  "  what  shal  I  do, 
Now  grace  dieu  ys  go  me  fro  ? 
I  stonde  in  gret  dysioynt,  certeyn, 
But  vn-to  me  she  kome  a-geyn, 
Wych  armede  me  ful  ryally, 
And  apparayllede  Eichely, 
Lyk  taknyhf^  that  sholde  assaylle 
Hys  Enmyes  in^  bataylle. 

But  I  was  nat  worthy  ther-to, 
That  she  sholde  ha^  do  So, 
Off  neclygence  and  ffreelte 
Now  I  liaue  dyspoylled  me, 
Destytut  on  euery  syde. 

"  And  trewly  now  I  most  a-byde, 
[leaf  131,  bk.]  As  a  shepperde  (who  taketh  kep,) 
"With  dauyd  for  to  kepe  shep, 
With  staff  &  slynge,  as  dyde  he, 
I  trowe  yt  wyl  noon  other  be. 
Grace  dieu  so  me  be-hyhte 
"Whan  that  I  stood  ^"^  in  hyr  syhte,  [i"  stoode  st.] 

Dysarniyd  my  body,  euerydel, 

Wher-off  she  lykede^^  no  thyng  wel  J    [» lykyng  St.]  8376 
But  pleynly,  off  my  gouernau7zcc, 
Me  sempte  she  hadde  dysplesau??ce." 

And  whil  I  stood  in  swych  dysioynt, 

'-  Omitting  the  coming  of  the  wench  Memory  with  her  eyes  in  the  back 
of  her  neck,  p.  73  Roxb. 


I  ask  mywlf 
wliut  I  EliuU 
do 


nnless  Grace 
Dieu  returns 
and  arms 
lue. 


I  wasn't 
worthy  that 
she  should. 


[7  to  a  knyhte  St.] 
[•*  in  the] 


I  must  Ko 
and  keep 
sheep  like 
David. 


P  have  St.]    8364 


8367 

[Stowc,  leaf  149,  back] 


8372 


[Camb.  prose, 
cap.  cxl.-i.'2] 


She  comes  hack,  and  says  I  must  be  put  to  bed  and  ntbd.  233 


And  was  brouht  vn-to  the  poynt 

Off  heuynesse  in  my  coicage, 

Tryst  &  mornyng  off  visage, 

Grace  dieu  cam  a-geyn 

And  thus  she  gan  vn-to  mc  ^  scyn  :  ['  vnto  c,  to  mc  St.] 

Grace  dieu 
'  Thow  shalt  no  thyng  do,'  qziod  she, 
'  But  at  2  thyn  owne  lyberte  :  [=>  aiie  St.] 

Thyii  armure  thow  hast  cast  a- way. 
And  stondyst  now  in  gret  affray, 
Venquisshed  (in  conclusiouw), 
With-onto  strook  yput  adoun, 
And  fallen  in  gret  f ebylnesse ; 
Wher-for  behoueth  besynesse. 
And  also  ful  gret  dyllygence. 

'Thy  gret^  harmys  to  Eecompense,       [sgretcst.] 
Thow  must  be  wasshe  &  bathyd  offte, 
And  couchyd  in  a  bed  ful  soffte, 
Ther-in  thy  syluera  to  dysporte. 
And  han  a  leche,  the  to  cou?/tforte,      [stowe,  icit  iwi] 
Thy  synwes  harde  to  mollefye 
With  oynementys,  to  make  hem  plye. 
Tel  on  A-noon  ;  let  for  no  slouthe  ; 
Her-off,  yiff  I  sey  the  the  ^  trouth. '  [*  the  the  St.,  the  c.] 

The  pylgrym 
"  Ma  dame,"  quod  I,  "  yt  ys  no  les  ;  ^         ['  leca  St.] 
Off  my  peynes  to  haue  reles, 
I  wolde  fayn  (trusteth  me) 

Off  my  disesses^  holpen  be.  [« ayssesc  St.] 

The  maner  (yiff  ye  koude  espye) 
ffor  to  shape  a  remedye  ; 
ffor,  be  my  trouthe,  I  yow  ensure, 
That  I  may  no  lenger  dure 

To  sutfre  mor,  (taketh^  good  hcd,)     ["  more  /  take  St.] 
But  that  I  muste  pleynly  be  ded  : 
Wtt/i-Inne  my-sylff,  many  wyse, 
Off  labour  I  fele  so  gret  fey?ityse." 

Grace  dieu 
Quod  Grace  dieu  a-noon  to  me  : 
'  I  haue  espycd  wel,  and  Se  : 


8380     The  PUi/rim. 

Wliile  I  was 
sad. 


8384 


8388 


8392 


8396 


UOO 


8404 


8408 


8412 


Grace  Dieu 
came  back 
to  me. 


[Camb.  prose, 
cap.  cxli.] 


.■md  told  mc 
I  must  wasli 
and  bathe 

Ofttill, 


and  have  a 
doctor  to  rub 
my  sinews 
with  oint- 
ments. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  require 
a  remedy  for 
my  weak- 
ness. 


841G 


Grace  Dieu 
says  she 


234  Grace  Dieu  has  kept  David's  5  Stones,  and  gives  me  them. 

Grace  iHeu.    '  But  I  dyde  my  bysyncsse 

To  taken  lied  to  thy  syknesse, 

The  to  helpyu  &  releue 

Off  thyng  that  doth  thyn  herte  greiie.  8420 

I  wot  ryht  wel  (yt  ys  no  nay) 

Thow  sholdest  gon  a  peryllous  way. 
'  But  fyrst  tak  hed,  &  be  wel  war, 

The  stony s  wych  that  dauyd  bar,  8424 

"Wyth  the  wych  he  slewe^  Golye,    [' siougR  st.,  leaf  i5o,  buck] 

And  hadde  off  hym  the  mystrye, 
has  long  kept  The  Same  stonys,  I  ha^  longe  p  have  st.] 


Diivul  , 

stones  to  i>iuy   Kept  he?M  bou?ide  wonder  stronge  8428 

Wiih-lnne  a  purs  (shortly  to  seye), 

Off  entent,  with  hem  to  pleye 
with  her         With  maydenys  wych  on  me  a-byde, 

maidens  at  ^  ./  ^ 

the  French      Euere  a-waytynge  on  my  syde,  8432 

To88-buu.        j^i  the  martews,^  the  gentyl  play 

Vsyd  in  fraunce  many  day : 
These.  I  shall   The  wych  stonys,  the  to  saue, 

have. 

I  purpose  that  thow  shalt  haue,  8436 

[leaf  132,  bk.]   As  dauyd  hadde,  in  hys  dyffenco, 

ffor  to  make  resistence 

A-geyu  the  geau?it  Golyat, 

Vn-to  hym  to  seyn  '  chek  maat,'  8440 

Whan  that  eu^re  in  bataylle 

He  cast  hy?>i  proudly  the  tassaylle.' 
Tiie  Pilgrim.        And  a-noon  she  dyde  hyr  peyne 

To  take  viitlt  hyr  handys  tweyne  8444 

She  takes  Out  off  a  POUTS,^  stonyS  fyue  ;  [^  Purs  St.] 

thorn  from  ^  .        /        '^        ' 

hor  purse        That  nouerc  yet,  m  al  my  lyue, 
I  ne  sawli  nat  to  my  syht 

No  maner  ston  so  cler  nor  brylit.  8448 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.] 
And  in  al  hast,  thys  lady  fre, 
ana  Rives        Wy til  hyr  hond  she  took  ^  hem  me  :  p  gaffe  St.] 

Wych  I  receyuede  ful  lowly, 

'  Martel  s.  m.     Nom  d'un  jcu  : 

Et .  V.  pierres  i  met  pctitcs, 

Don  puceles  aux  martewcs  geuent 

Quant  beles  ut  rondes  Ics  trcuvcnt. 

(liosc.     Kichel.  1573,  fo.  176  a.)— Godcfroi. 


/  am  to  fight  the  Giant  Goliath,  ivho  temiits  Pilgo'ims.   235 


And  in^  my  skryppe  sykerly, 

I  putte  hem  up,  on  by  on. 

But  she  to-forn,  off  euerychon, 

Sche  made^  a  declarac'iouw      [-•  made  to  me.  stowe,  leafisi] 


[Mnom.  St.    8452     The  Pilgrim. 


And  ful^  cler  exposicioure  ; 

In  whos  speche  thcr  was  no  lak  ; 

And  euene  thus  to  me  she  spak  : 

Grace  Dieu  * 
'  Thow  shalt,'  (]uod  she,  '  yt  ys  no  fayl, 


[3  a  full  St.]  8456 


[*  St.,  om.  C] 


[5  in  to  St.]    8460 


Off  ten  entren  in^  bataylle, 

W/t/i  tliy  foomen  for  to  stryue, 

And  han^  a  werre  al  thy  lyue  [Miauest.] 

W/t7;  the  Geau«t  Golyas, 

Wych  hath  be-set  ech  mane?-  pas  8464 

Wher  thow  shalt  passe  in  thy  vyagc, 

As  thow  gost  on  pylgrymage. 

Whos  loye  ys  (who  kan  conceyue,) 

AH  pylgrymes  to  deceyue ;  8468 

Vp-on  the  wey  lyth,  hem  tespye, 

As  doth  the  hyrayne  for  the  fflye. 

'  And  as  she  hyr  net  kan  spynne, 
Tyl  that  she  the  flye  wynne,  8472 

And  by  hyr  sleythe'^  kan  hem  take,  p  sieygutc  st.,  sioytu  c.j 
Eyht  so  hys  trappys  he  doth  make,      .i.  Goiias  st.,  om.  c. 
Alle  pylgrymes  to  enbrace, 

Wher  they  walke  in  any  place,  8476 

ffalsly  to  take  on  h.Bm  vengauwce, 
'With  hys  deceytys  off  plesauwce, 
And  flesshly  lustys  off  delyt 
fful  plesau?it  to  the  appetyt.  8480 

*  "With  worldly  rychesses,^  &  veyn  gloryc  p  Uiciiossc  st.j 
Off  goodys  that  ben  t?-ansitorye, 
Off  he??i  he  maketh  a  sotyl  net ;  ^   [^  nette . .  knettc  st.] 
And  whan  he  hath  yt  vp  ful  knet,^  8484 

Ther-w^■t/i  he  doth  hys  besy  peyne,     [stowe,  leaf  i5i,  back] 
Pylgrymes  to  bryngen  in  A  treyne. 
Hem  cachchynge  (or  they  kan  espye) 
As  the  hereyne  doth  the  fflye,  8488 

By  apparence  ful  dg?-eAble, 
Thys  fl'alse  geaunt  deceyuable, 


I  put  thera  in 
my  Scrip, 
and  Grace 
Dieu  tells  me 
about  them. 


I  shall  have 
battle  all  my 
life  with 
Odliath, 


[leaf  133] 


who  lies  in 
wait  for 
pilgrims, 


us  the  spider 
for  the  Uy. 


23G     The  \st  Stone  is  Memory  of  Christ's  Death,  a  Richi/. 


Grnce  Dieu.    '  Ljk  the ^  bacyii  that  ys  ljre7aiyiige,  pacst.j 

Aud  sheweth  ifayr  as  in  shynynge ;  8-192 

Yet  nat  for-thy,  thogh  yt  be  bryht, 

The  Beere  yt  reueth  off  hys  syht, 

And  niaketh  hym  blynd,  he  may  nat  se, 

'  Eyght  so,  worldly  prosperyte,  8496 

fflesslily  lust  &  fals  plesan/zce, 
Causen  folk,  by  deceyvau/tce, 
ffor  to  be  blynd,  &  lese  her  syht. 

'  Wher-for  w/t/i-stond  wM  al  thy  myht  8500 

[leaf  i3;j.bk.]  The  power  of  thys  proud  Golyc. 
Al  fflesshly  lustys  ek  defye  ; 
And  off  the  world  ek,  tak  noon  hede, 
Wych  deceyueth  a  man  at  nede.  8504: 

'  And  yiff  thow  wylt  dou  aff ter  me, 
I  shal  a-noon  her^  techyn  the,  [»iicrest.] 

Lych  a  myghty  champyou/j 

To  venquysshe  al  temptacioun^  8508 

Off  the  world,  Golye,  &  the  fflessh. 

'  Looke  ffyrst  that  thow  be  fressh, 
Lyk  to  dauyd  off  corage, 

Manly  off  herte,  wys  &  sage  8412 

A-geyn  thy?;.  Enmyes  for  to  stryue ; 
And  entire  have  redy,*  stonys  ffyue,  [Mvavereayst.,  iiaar.iyc] 
To  caste  hem  (off  entenc'iou«)  8515 

A-geyn[e]s  aP  TemptaciOU?t,  [^  Ageyusalle  manej-c  off  St.,  leaf  152] 

Loke  thow  be  redy,  euere  in  on. 


I  am  to  take 
lui  heed  of 
the  world, 


but  be  full  of 
courage  like 
David. 


The  first 
stone  is  the 
nieinory  of 
Christ's 
death  for 
mankind. 


'The  name  off  thy«  ffyrste  ston  ?■=  fipt^stone.-jn. stowc. 


The  precious 
Kuby, 


Ys  the  mynde  most  off  ^  vertu. 
Off  the  deth  off  cryst  ihe6'u  ; 
How  that  he  sprad  on  the  rood, 
ff'or  mankynde,  liys  owne  blood ; 
The  peple  ther-wit/i  to  bey«^  a-geyn, 
Wych  that  Golyas  hadde  slayn, 
Thys,  the  prucyous  ruby  Eyclie, 
In  al  thys  world  ther  ys  noon  lyche ; 
"VVych  receyuede  hys  rednesse 


1[  Primus  lapis,  Memoria 


passionis  CUristi.    S 
["  oU'mostf  St.] 


J  om.  C. 

8520 


[8  byeii  St.] 


8524 


^  Stowo  here  awkwardly  iuscrt.s  a  parenthesis  of  two  liues  : 
Jjookc  thow  bu  rwly  /  cii(;ru  in  0011, 
To  lighte  with  hem  as  tliy  fooii. — leaf  151,  back. 


The  27id  is  Ecmemhrancc  of  Mary ;  ^rd.  Heaven's  Bliss.   287 

'Off  crystys  blood,  &  hys  rychesse.  8528    Grace duu. 

'  Dye  thy /I  herte  (as  yt  ys  good,)  ^p-'^'{^  t"« 

In  the  sylue^  same  blood ;  [isyiffst.]  curist. 

Ha  ther-in  feyth  &  stedefastnesse ; 
Than  artow  strong  (in  sothnesse)  8532 

Ageyn  golye  &  al  hys  myght, 
ffor  to  venquysshe  hym  by  ffiht : 
Thy  mynde  ha  ther-on,  euere  in  oon. 

♦And  the  nexte^  Ryche  Ston,  [^  next  St.]  8536 

In  nouwibre  callyd  the  secou«de,        ^''^TecuMA^ET'     f'^-''"^*^ 
Wych  wyth  al  grace  doth  habounde,      ^'^tjt'i^'.^n'h    ^tone i^H.^ 

^tv  ^        ^  rv  '  Ueiiiem- 

Oli  vertu  hath  most  suliysau?jce,  hranceof 

_  Clirist's 

And  ys  callyd  Remembraiwce  8540  mother  Mary, 

Off  that  mayde  &  moder  fre, 

Y-chosen  off  the  deyte 

fful  many  hundryd  yer  to-forn, 

Or  she  was  off  hyr  modern  born).  8544 

Thys,  the  precyouse  margary te  tiie  precious 

Off  hevenly  dewh  &  dropys  whytc, 

Sprang  in  a  Cokyl  bryht  &  shene, 

ffor  tavoyden  al  our  tene,  8548 

Whos  grace,  thorgli  the  world  doth  shyne  :  [St.,  if.  152.  bk.] 

Lat  hyre  thy?i  herte  cnlwmyne, 

And  a-dewhen^  with  hyr  grace;  paUewcnst.] 

And  neuere  dred  the  (in  no  place)  8552 

But  thow  shalt  ban  the  maystrye 

Off  the  devel  and  off  golye. 

'The  thrydde  ston  ys  'Mcmorye  ^^J^^^^i^^:Z:i.  The  third 
Off  the  perdurable  glorye,'  sempiten.e  giowe.  st.,o,«.e.   ^"/^.^ 

And  off  the  liihe  blysse  in  heuene  8557   ingbusscif 

»    1  11-  Heaven, 

A-boue  the  planetys  alk  seuene  : 

Thys,  the  blyssyd  saphyr'*  trewe,        [' saphire  st.]  the  sapphire. 

Al-to-gidre  off  hevenly  hewe,  8560 

Wych  recouwforteth  most  the  syht 

VJ^l/th  hys  courefortable  lyht : 

Kep  hyt  for  thyn  owne  stoor, 

ffor  yt  saueth  euery  soor ;  8564 

Yt  sleth^  bochches  &  ffelouMS,  ['■  siecthe  st.] 

It  destroys 

Destroyetb  venyni  &  poyssou«s  ;  venom  and 

"  '^     -J  '  poisons,  and 

And  off  colour  yt  ys  ynde  :  ''^  J-'**  '''"e. 


238  The  Uh  Stone,  named  Albeston,  is  Memory  of  Hell-fire. 


I  am  to  azure 
my  heart 
with  it. 


[leaf  ISt.bk.] 


Tlie  fourth 
stone  is 


Memory  of 
tlie  Pains  of 
Hell, 

and  its  flamy 
fires,  to  tor- 
ment sinners. 


It  is  called 
Albeston. 


the  fourthe  stone 
Jn.  Stowe. 
Quartus  lapis  est  timor  & 
memoria  pene  Infernalis 
St.,  om.  C. 
[5  this  St.,  leaf  153.] 

8584 


8587 


'  Lat  yt  neuej'  out  off  thy  mynde.  8568 

'  Azure  thyn  herte  ther-w?/t/i-al ; 
And  loue  yt  yn  especyal, 
A.S  for  thy  cheff  pocessiou/^ ; 

And  thanke  (off  hih  affecciouw)  8572 

To  god  only,  wych^  off  grace      [i  god  /  which  ooniy  St.] 
Hath  ordeyned  swych  a  place 
ffor  his  chose  chyldre^  dere,  [=  children  st.] 

The  wyche,^  as  champiouns  here,  [' whiche  st.,  wych  c]  8576 
ffyhten  wyth  golye  day  be  day, 
And  overkome  hym  in  ther  way  ; 
Pylgrymes  that  passen  many  Rewm^       [iReemst.] 
Toward  hevenly  Jerusaleem.  8580 

'  The  ff ourthe  ston  ys  callyd  '  Mynd 
Be-war  that  yt  be  nat  be-hynde. 
Hauc  yt^  in  thy  memoryal 
Mynde  off  the  peynys  infernal, 
Wych  ys  gretly  for  to  drede, 
Wyth  hys  flawmy  fyrys  rede. 
Redy  (ther  ys  noon  other  wente,) 

ThyS  SynneryS  to  tormente^   ["  Thes  Syuners  /  to  Tomemonte  St.] 

Eternally,  for  ther  penauwce, 

That  deye ''  w//t/i-out  repentauwce ;  f'  dyen  St.] 

'  But,  off  that  lord  grettest  off  niyght, 
Whos  mercy  euer  passeth  ryht,  8592 

Off  synnerys  desyreth  nat  the'^  deth  ;         [« but  st.] 
ffor  he  doth  mercy  or  that  he*^  sleth  ;       ['or  ho  St.] 
Loth,  swych  folkys  to  tormente, 
That  off  herte  hem  wyl  repente.  8596 

'  But  yet  haue  alway  in  thy  thouht, 
(And  look  tliat  thou  for-gete  yt  nouht,) 
To  haue  thy  mynde,  euere  a-mong, 
Up-on  thys  mortal  peynys  strong.  8600 

'  And  the  name  of  thys  dredful  stone 
Ys  ycallyd  Albeston, 
"Wych,  whan  yt  rcccyueth  ffyr, 

To  hetc  yt  hath  so  gret  dcsyr,  8604 

That^*^  whan  wyth'^^  ffyr  yt  ys  ymeynt,  ["' That  st., Thau  c] 
Aft'ter,  neuere^-  yt  wyl  be  queynt.      ["  whan  the  St.] 

'IlauG  on  thys  ston  ay  mcncyoun,      [12  Never  airter  St.] 


The  5th  is  Holy  Writ,  an  Emerald,  cleansing  impurities.  239 


'  And  in  eche  temptacyou??.,  8608 

Latt  love  off  God,  and  drede  off  peyne,    [stowe,  leanssj 
Fro  dedly  Synne  the  Eestreyne.  [stowe  ms.] 

And  yiff  tliow  hast  her-Inne  memorye,         ,,         8611 
Off  Golye  thow  hast  the  vyctorye.  ,, 

'  The  ff  yffthc  Ston  (I  the  ensure)  t'le  fyffthe  atone.  Jn.  stowe. 
•^  \  '       "  Quiiit!i»  lapis,  sacca 

That  thow  shalt  han,  ys  'scrypture'    ^criptura  st.,  om.  c. 

Hooly  wryt,  &  thus  I  mene, 

The  Emerawd  that  ys  so  grene,     [stowe,  leaf  iss,  back]  8616   the  Emerald, 

A  ryche  ston,  off  gret  counfort, 

That  to  the  eye  doth  most  dysport, 

And,  thorgh  hys  myght  &  hys  puissau?ice, 


[leaf  135] 


Tlie  fifth 
stone  is  Holy 
Writ, 


Voydeth  a-way  al  grevaunce 

ffrom  an  eye^  fer  &  ner, 

And  maketh  A  mawhys^  syhte  cler, 

Clenseth  a-way  al  ordure, 

The  gownde,  &  euery  thyng  vnpure, 

*  Now  haue  I  told  the,  by  &  by. 
Off  thys  stony s  coryously,^ 
Wych  that  ben  in  nou??jbre  fyue  : 
Put  hem  in  thy  skryppe  blyue. 
Caste  hem  ay  whan  thow  hast  nede 
And  specyally  (as  I  the  rede) 
Caste  hem  enere  in  ech  sesou?« 
A-geyns  al  temptacyou?*, 
Ech  aff ter  other,  in  thy  dyffence ; 
And  mak  alway  strong  resystence, 
Spendynge  thys^  stonys,  on  by  on  ; 
And  I  ensure^  the  a-noon, 
Thow  shalt  nat  faylle  (yiff  thow  be  wys,) 
Off  vyctorye  to  gete  a  prys.' 

The  pylgrym 
Than  quod  I  to  hyre  a-geyn, 
"  Thys  fyue  stonys  (in  certeyn) 
Ben  ryht  good  &  gracious, 
&  at  assay  ryht  vertuous  ; 
But  I  merueylle,  syth  ye  be  wys, 
Why  that  ye,  in  your  a-vys, 
Lykne  my  Mouth  un-to  a  slyngo ; 
fl'or  I  kan  nat  aboute  brynge, 


8620 


['  Eyee  St.] 
[2  manye  St.] 


8624 


P  Ceryously  St.] 


8628 


8632 


[HhesSt.] 
[5  assure  St.]    8636 


which 

cleanses  from 
all  ordure. 


These  5 
stones 


I  am  to 

cast  against 
temptations, 
one  by  one. 


The  Vilgrim. 


8640 


[St.&C]       8644     [lcafl35,bk.] 


240    Grace  Dieu  bids  me  mahe  a  Sling  to  cast  the  Stones  with. 


The  Pilprim. 

1  doubt  of 
the  way  to 
meet  my 
foea. 


Tlierc  are 
divers 
tliouKlitB  in 
the  heart 


as  one  cord  is 
made  of  two. 


[leaf  136] 


Take  heed 
to  keep  tlie 
stones  well. 


[St.  &  C]     [Stowe,  leaf  154] 

8648 

['  stowe.  Telpe  C] 


[C.  &  St.] 


8652 


8655 

[2  slirewdcnessc  St.] 


8660 


[1  Whiche  St.] 


"  Nor  (leuyse,  how  that  I  schal 
To  caste  stonys  ther-w^t/i-al, 
To  helpe^  my  sylif  ageyii  my  ffon ; 
if  or  custoom  hadde  I  neuere  noon, 
God  knowcth  wel,  nyh  nor  ferre, 
Me  to  gouerne  in  swych  a  werre." 

Grace  dieu. 
Quod  she,  '  Kanstow  nat  espye  1 
Who  kan  wysdom,  he  kan  folye ; 
And  who  that  knoweth  ek  goodnesse, 
Parcel  he  knoweth  off  shrewdnesso ;  - 
ffor  ryhtwysnesse,  &  also  wrong, 
Entennedlen  eue/'e  a-mong ; 
And  in  an  herte  (yiff  yt  be  souht) 
Ther  tourneth  many  a  dyuers  thouht, 
Lyk  a  corde  (yt  ys  no  doute), 
Wy/t/«-Inne  yt-^  tourneth  ofte  aboute  ; 
And  off  two  cordys,  they  a-corde 
Offte  for  to  make  a  corde. 

'  ffor  Cordys  be  sayd  (who  kan  aduerte,) 
Off  offte  tournynges^  in  an  herte  3  [nurmentynges  St.] 
And  wi/th  twynnyng,  (in  certeyne,) 
A^  cord  ys  ymad  off'  tweyne. 

'  And  thus  thow  shalt  aboute  brynge, 
Off  thy  thouht  to  make  a  slynge, 
Ther-in  to  putte  stonys  ffyue, 
Ageyn  thy?*  enmyes  for  to  stryue, 
To  cast  hem  in  thys  mortal  werre, 
Wer-so  thow^  lyketh,  nyh  or  ferre. 

'ffor,  slynge  ys  noon,  (thys  no  doute,) 
That  may  tourne  so  offte  aboute 
As  may  thy  thouht  (be  wel  certeyn) ; 
ffor  bothe  on  hylic,  on  vale  &  pleyn,   [stowe,  leaf  154,  back] 
Yt  tourneth  her,  yt  tournetli  yonder,  8679 

So  offte ''  sythe,  that  yt  ys  wonder,    ['  So  offte  St.,  Soffte  c] 
tfer  or  ner,  ryht  at  thy  lust, 
On  whos  abood,  yt  ys  no  trust,  [c.  &  St.] 

But,  yit^  I  rede,  tak  good  kep  [« yitte  st.] 

(Lyk  thys  Erdys^  that  kepe  shep)     ['  tiics  hcrdys  st.]  8684 
Thy  slynge  and  stonys  to  kepc  wel, 


8664 


[5  00  St.]  8668 


8672 


[6  the  St.] 


8676 


/  ash  Grace  Dicu  /ov  a  Cart  to  carry  my  A') 


riiicur. 


241 


And  that  tliow  err,  neu^/'adel." 

The  pylgrym : 
•'  Alias,"  quod  I,  "  what  may  thys  be, 
That,  ofe  my  foly  nycete,  8G88 

I  am  be-kome  an  Erde^  man, —  ['  iienie  si.] 

And  noon  other  crafft  ne  kan, — 
A  rud  shepperde,  thorgh  my  folye, 
And  ha  for-sake  chyualrye,  8692 

Armys  that  longen  to  a  knyht, 
Ther-off  co?/iplaynynge  day  &  nyht. 
And  syker,  so  I  may  ryht  wel, 

Whan  I  consydre  eue?*ydel  8690 

Hou  dauyd  (who  lyst  takeri  kep) 
Was  fyrst  an  Erde,^  &  kepte^  shep  ;   [shcvdcst.   ^keptst.] 
But,  thorgh  hys  manly  goue;'nau?ice, 
Hym-sylff  afEter  he  dyde  avauwce  8700 

To  be  callyd  a  myghty  kyng, 
Thorgh  hys  vertuous  lyuyng, 
And  wyih  al  thys,  a  famous  knyht. 

Wherfor,  I  pray  yow  anoon  ryht,  8704 

Lyk  your  hest,  doth  your  deuer 

To  ordeyne  me  a  somer, 

Myn  barneys  ther-in  for  to  karye ; 

And  her-vp-on  that  ye  nat  tarye,      [stowc,  leaf  isro       8708 

But  in  al  hast  that  ye  me  spede. 

That  whan  yt  falleth'*  I  ha  nede,  [+ tfayiiethe  st.] 

Myn  armure  be  nat  far  me  ffi'o. 

Whan  that  I  ha  nede  ther-to."  8712 

Grace  dieu : 

Qwod  grace  dieu  anoon  to  me, 

'  Thow  hast  abydynge  ay  wijih  the 

A  seruant  and  a  chau7>iberere, 

Wych  in  soth,  (as  thow  shalt  lore,) 

Lesyth  hyr  tyme,  &  doth  rylit  nouht, 

A  Damyselle  :^  lat  hyr  be  souht,  ['stowe] 

To  trusse  thyn  barneys  eue/ydel. 

ffor  yiff  hyr  lyst,  she  kan  ryht  wel 

(I  haue  off  hyre  no  maner  doute,) 

Trusse,  and  bern  yt  ek  a-boute, 

And  folwe  the  owher^  so  thou  go  ;  i^  wiier  St.] 

PILGRIMAGE. 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  feel  foolish 
for  turning 
lienlsniiiM, 


tlio"  David 
was  first  a 
alieplierd, 


and  then  a 
mighty  king 


I  ask  for  a 
curt 


to  carry  my 
armour. 


Grace  Dieu 

says  I  have 
a  servant 
already, 
(Memory,) 
[leaf  186,  blc] 


8716 


8720 


who  ean  pack 
and  carry  my 
arms. 


R 


242  Grace  Bleu  shows  me  a  Servant  with  Eyes  at  her  hack; 

Gi-Kce  Dial.     '  And  l)y  my  coiu^sayl,  lat  her  so,  8724 

Syth  that  she  kau  do  liyr  deuer, 

Bothe  be  thy  seruant  &  soiner.' 
The  piiffrim.       The  pylgrym : 
}  «'ty  I  "  Ma  dame,"  (to  speke  feythfidly,) 

servant.  u  J  j-^^  j^QQj^  sywch  WT/t/i  me,"  i\UiA  I.  8728 

Grace  Dieu        Giacs  dleu  : 

'  Certys,'  ([icod  slie,  '  thou  hast  swycli  on  ; 

I  shal  hyr  shewe  to  the  a-noon, 
bids  me  look     Yilf  in  thy  sylfF  ther  be  no  lak  : 

behind  uie.  .j      •!  ^ 

Looke  be-hynden  at  thy  bak  !'       [stowe,  leaf  iss,  bacU]  8732 
The  pitgrim.       The  pylgrym  : 
I  do  so,  And  so  I  dyde, — lyk  as  she 

The  same  tyme  comaiuidyd  me, — 
and  see  a         Be-held  bakwai'd,  &  saw^  sywch  on  ;     [>  saw  o»i.  St.] 

Wheroff  astonyd  I  was  a-noon,  873G 

And  fyl  in-to  a  ful  gret  doute, 

Be-cause,  whan  I  be-held  aboiito, 
without  eyes,   I  sawh  that  syen  hadde  she  noon, 

!N"e2  mor  than  hath  a  stok  or  ston  ;  [^  No  st.]  8740 

"VVych  was  to  me  a  tliyng  hydous  ; 
lyKe  a  mon-      She  semiite,  a  best  monstruows, 

sti'ons  Ijeaat. 

Outward,  by  hyr  co?jtenau??ce. 

But  tho  I  Iiadde  a  reme7«brau?ice  8744 

How  Grace  dieu  hadde  don  to  me 
Touchynge  iny?j  eyen,  AV//t//  Avycli  I  se, 
"Wyth  them  to  make  me  se  the  bet. 
In  myn  erys  wlia»,  they  wer  set,  8748 

By  hyr  oune  puriiyau/tce  ; 
"VVhcr-oif  liavyng  a  reme«d-»rau??ce, 
[leaf  1.S7]      I  gan  consydre  &  lokii  wel 

Hyr  shap  &  maner  euerydel.  8752 

But  on  look-     Tyl  at  the  laste,  I  dyde  f  ynde 

ing  further, 

I  see  iier  eyes   In  hyr  hatercl,  f er  be-hynde, 
behind  her.      Twcyuc  Eyeii  ff  ul  cler  &  bryht ; 

Wych  was  to  me  a  wonder  syht.  875G 

And  on  thys  tliyng  gretly  musynge, 

To  grace  dieu  my-sylff  tournynge, 

Sodcynly  I  tho  abrayde, 

And,  astonyd,  to  hyre  I  sayde  :  8760 


■who  is  a  Treasurer  of  Knowlcchjc  and  KqKrience.  24') 


The  pylgrym  :  ^  ['  C.  lias  tlils  liendins  l  nues  lugliei-.] 

"  Ma  dame,"  quod  I,  ("yift"  ye  lyst  lere,)    [stowc,  lu. 

I  ha  foiutde  a  chauy»berere, 

Me  suyng  at  my  bak  be-hyiule, 

Off  whom  I  hadde  to-forn  no  niyiuhi 

Nor  no  maner  r(3me??tbrau7ice  ; 

And  syker,  I  ha  no  gret  p]esau»cc 

Off  hyr  offyce  nor  hyr  seruisc  ; 

Cause  why,  I  shal  devyse  : 

Me  semeth  she  ys  vngracyous, 

Counterfeet  &  monstruoiis  : 

And  as  me  semetli  in  my  syht, 

She  ne  kan  nat,  lialff  a-ryht, 

'WijtJi  me  trussen  myii  armure, 

Nouther  kepe  my?z  barneys  sure." 

Grace  dieu : 
'  Certys,'  quod  Grace  dieu  rybt  tlio, 
'  I  wot  my  sylff  yt  ys  nat  so  : 
She  kan  hem  trusse  most  trewly, 
And  beren-  also  sykerly.  [^beien  st.,  bem  c] 

Wherfor,  in  thyn  oppynyou?*, 
Tyl  thow  haue  occasiou« 
Or  som  cause,  dyspreyse  hyr  noulit ; 
ffor  whan  the  trouthe  ys  clerly  soidit, 
Thow  shalt  knowe  wol  that  she 
Ys  ful  nect'ssarye  to  the, 

Yiff  thow  lyst  maken-^  pronydencc    P  umkeu  st.,  maiio 
Off  any  kon?(yng  or  scyence, 
Yt  to  concevue  w//t//-oute  lak, 

'  By  cause  hyr  Eyen  stonden  bak, 
Yt  ys  a  sygne  (as  thow  shalt  lere) 
That  she  is  a  tresourere 

Off  konnyng  &  of  sciencys,  [stowe,  leaf  iriu,  buck] 

And  off  all  Experyencys 
That  be  co??imyttyd  to  hyr  garde  ; 
Yiff  thow  kowne  a-ryht  rewarde, 
Thyngis  passyd,  thow  shalt  fynde 
Sche  kepeth  hem  closyd  in  hyr  mynde, 
Sore  shet  wi/th  lok  &  keye, 
That  they  go  nat  lyhtly  awey. 


I  156] 


87G4 


8768 


8772 


The  Pill/rim. 


1  tell  Gnic, 
Dieu  tliiit 


I  doubt  if 
this  monster 
can  truss  and 
keep  my 
armour. 


8776 


8780 


8784 

m  C] 


8788 


8792 


8796 


assures  me 
she  cau, 


[leaf  1S7,  bli.J 


and  can  also 
teach  me. 


Her  eyes 

beiiif^  in  licr 

bacli, 

show  she  is  a 

Treasurer  of 

E.\periences, 


who  keeps 
tliiiiijs  past 
ill  her  mind. 


244    Her  name  is  Memory.    To  her  I  entrust  my  Armour. 


Past  tilings 
she  knows. 


but  not  future 
ones. 


Her  name  is 
Memory. 


[leaf  138] 


Tlio"  I  doubt 
lier  fitness, 


I  commit  ray 
armour  to 
Memory's 
cluuge. 


8808 


8812 

[*  that  om.  St.] 


[■^&o;n.  St.]    8816 


'  AP  thynges  off  antyquyte,  ['  Aiie  St.] 

Storyes  that  auctoryseiP  be,  [» auntorysed  St.]  8800 

And  thy?iges  digue  off  R6nie»ibrau7jce, 
And  al  the  olde  gouernaurace 
Wych  a-for  thys  hath^  be  do,  [^iiast.] 

She  kan  devyse,  no  whyht  so,  8801 

Fresshly  renewyd  in  hyr  thoulit. 

'  And  yet,  to-forn,  she  seth  ryht  nouht, 
Nor  a-parceyueth  no  mane/-  thyng 
Off  tliat  shal  folwe  in  hyr  seyyng, 
Off  wysdani,  Armys,  nor  vyctorye. 
And  hyr  name  ys  "  memory e  "  ; 
And  so  thow  shalt  off  Eyght  hyr  calle 
Iler-affter-ward,  wliat  eue?-  falle. 
And  wherso  that*  thou  wake  or  slepe, 
Tak  hyr  thy?i  armure  for  to  kepe ; 
And  she  wyl  make  no  dau/?ger, 
But  the  to  serue,  &^  don  hyr  deuer." 

The  pylgrym  to  memoyre. 
Than  quud  I  to  thys  chau?/djerere  : 
"Wych  that^  han  your  eyen  clere,  ^' l^';i'u.Tl''Yon .^o^ 
Only  be-hynde  (yiff  yt  be  souht) 

&  to-forn  ne  se  ryht  nouht, —  8820 

ffor  off  thynges  that  passyd  be, 

Ys  your  charge"  for  to  se  ;       [' Cliarge  only  St.    Stowe,  leaf  in-] 

And  I  to-forn  shal  taken  hede  : — 

But  I  stonde  in  a  mane?'  drede, 

In  what  wyse  ye  shal  sustene 

To  remevubre,  (tlnis  I  mene,) 

Or  so  gret  a  charge  to  here, 

Off  thynges  out  off  my?jde  feere,^ 

Hem  to  rei:)orte,  w?/t7i-oute  blame  ; 

But,  for  ye  han  so  good  a  name, 

And,  to  bere,^  ben  ek  couenable, 

Strong  also  &  seruysable  ; 

To  yoAv  thys  armure  I  com???ytte, 

Out  off  your  garde  tliat  they  nat  flytte." 
[Blfoik  in  MS.  for  an  Illvinm(ttion.~\ 
And  she  tooke^*^  [hem]  ful  lowly    [^  tooitc  St.,  took  c] 

In-to  hyr  kejtyug  fyually,  8836 


8824 


[»  myn  (feer  St.]    8828 


[-*  becre  St.] 


8832 


Moses  gives  me  Bread  for  my  Journey  to  Jerusalem.      245 


[>  0011  St.] 
[2—2  om.  St,] 


[St.  &C.] 


And  in  hyr  tresour  vp  he?/i  layde. 
And  Grace  dieu  tha??  to  me  sayde  : 

Grace  dieu : 
Quod  she  a-nooii,  '  tak  hed  her-to  ! 
Now  artow  redy  for  to  go 
As  a  pylgrym  on  thy  lournee 
To  lerusaleem  the  cyte  ; 
Eedy  in  al  (yt  ys  no  drede), 
.Save  off  0^  thyng  tliovv  hast  nede, 
Only  off  bred,  '^{^yyth-ont'G  more,) 
Ther-wytli  thy  skryppe  to  astore  : 
Off  wych  bred  2  I  ha  the  told. 

'  But  I  the  rede,  be  nat  to  bold 
To  take  noon  (in  no  degre,) 
W^/t/i-outen  lycence  or  corige 
Off  the  ladyes  (in  substau/tce)        [stowc,  leaf  157,  back] 
Wych  ha  that  bred  in  gouernaunce. 
And  alderfyrst :  thow  ek  observe, 
That  thow  ko;me  yt  wel  dysserve, 
And  thy  sylff,  aforn  to  make 
To  be  worthy  yt  to  take 
Off  the  ladyes,  benygne  off  cherys, 
Wych  tlier  be  set  ffor  awmenerys  : 
W/t/i-oute  hem,  put  the  nat  in  pres.' 

Thanne  wente  I  to^  Moyses, 
Hjin  be-souhte,  to  my  good  sped, 
ffor  to  yoiie'*  me  off  that  bred. 
And  he  me  gaff  yt  ful  goodly  : 
And  in  my  skryppe,  a-noon  I 
Putte  that  bred  most  off  vertu. 
Than»e  to  me  spak  Grace  dieu : 

Grace  dieu : 
Quod  Grace  dieu  to  me  tho  blythe, 
'  By  my  cou?isay],  offte  sytlie 
Lok  ther-to  that  thow  tak  hede 
Whan  thow  shalt  etyra  off  thys  bred. 
Thy  sylue?i  gostly  to  dysporte, 
And  thyn  herte  to  recou?iforte, 
Therby  tarme  thy  sylff  ryht  wel. 
Bet  than  in  Iren  or  in  stel ; 


8840 


8844 


8848 


8852 


8856 


says  I  am 
now  ready  to] 
go  on  ray 
journey. 


exfept  for  tlie 
bread, 


[leaf  138,  bk.] 


whicli  I  am 
to  make  my- 
self worthy 
to  take. 


[3vn-toSt.]    8860     The  Pilgrim. 


i*  yeve  St.] 


[C.  &  St.] 


8864 


He  gives  me 
bread  freely, 
a\u\  I  put  it 
in  my  skrip. 


8868     says  that 


8872 


wlien  I  eat 
tins  Bread,  I 
sliall  he 
armed. 


240  As  I vjont  touch  my  Armour,  Grace  Dicu  calls  rnc  Covynnl. 

Grace  Bien     '  Tlierby  to  liaii  expe/yence 

"ffor  to  make  resistence  8876 

Ageyn  al  thy  mortal  ffon. 

'  But  herkene  vn-to  me  A-noon  : 
Conceyue  (for  conclusiou?i) 

vcin-oaclies         Yt  yS  a  gret^  COllfuSlOim  [i  a  ffulle  St.    Stowe,  leiif  ms]    8880 

To  the  (yiff  thow  lyst  to  lere,) 
That  she  wych  ys  thy  c]iau?//berere 
Shokle,  affter  tlie,  tliyn  arniys  here  ; 
for  not  daring   Aii(l  thow  thy-sylff  davst  liem  nat  were,  8884 

to  wear  my  -,      ■,        n  ,  i       i  i  ^ 

armour.  jNor  v.njtk  thy  lynger  touche  hont  iiouht, 

[leaf  130]      Swych  drccl  &  fer  ys  in  thy  thouht, 

Thow  hraydest  on  a  koward  knyht, 

Resemhlynge  hem  that  dar  nat  iTylit :  8888 

Tiiey  are  not    I  holde  liom  nat  goode  werryours, 

good  war- 

liors,  wiio        Manly  knyhtes,  nor  conquerours, 

shields  uiion     That  hanee  her  sheldys  vi)  on-  the  wal,  p  vp  on  c,  on  st.] 

the  wall.  °  J  I  ' 

To  make  a  mowstre  in  specyal,  8892 

Outward  by,  as  by  apparence, 
ffor  to  shewe  the  excellence 
Off  ther  rychesse  by  fressh  array ; 

And  ther  bodyes,  nylit  nor  day,  8896 

l!^or  them  sylff,  dar  nat  a-vau?ice 
To  handle^  nouther  swerd  nor  lamica  ;   ^'^  ^Tamile  c7 ' 
They  pretend   But  outward  sliewyn  ffressh  peyjitures 

Off  dyuers  bestys  and  ffygures,  8900 

Lyk  to  manly  champj'ouws, 

they'd  slay         As  they  WoldcH  sleU  l3'0U?iS 

In  dyffence  off  ther  contre. 

And  yet,  par  cas,  yt  may  so  bo,  8904 

Ther  bodyes  strongely^  tassure,      [*  strongciy  St.,  stionsiy  c] 
imt  have         Tliey  stuffc  lier  sonierys  w//t7i  armure, 

their  arms 

inaiart  "Wvcli  av  hem  folweth  at  the  bak, 

Ijehiiideni.  ''  "^ 

That  in  shewyng  ther  be  no  lak ;  8908 

And  for  al  tliat,  (who  taketh  hede) 
And  yt  kome  vn-to  the  nede, 

(I  mene,  as  off  a  mortal  werre,)     [stowe,  ieari.is,  iiaeU]  8911 
They  wolde  hem  sylff  holde-''  afferre,      [■■  Uoide  st.,  om. c] 
To  preue  her  manhood  &  hyr  myglit. 
'  But  I  hulde  liyni  a  manly  knyglit, 


The  way  to  Jerusalem  is  full  of  foes.    I  sliould  go  arwd.    247 


*  Wycli  off  liys  barneys  (fer  Sc  ner) 
Ys  \\jm  sylue??  the  somer, 
And  here  til  hys  arnuire  on  liys  buk, 
On  liys  Enmyes  to  take  wrak  ; 
And  in  hys  barneys,  day  &  nybt 
Ys  foiuide  redy,  lyk  a  knybt, 
Off  prouydence  by?».  sylff  to  kepe, 
And  tber-in,  day  and  nybt  doth  slope, 
Kedy  to  sende  by?)i  xiijih  hys  bond, 
Namly,  whan  be  ys  in  a  lond 
Wher  the  werre  ys  ay  mortal, 

'  And  truste  wel  in  especyal, 
That  the  land  &  the  centre 
Toward  Jerusalem  the  cyte, 
Thow  mayst  nat  passe  yt,  fer  nor  ner, 
W7/t/i-oute  pereil  &  gret  dan??ger. 
Yt  ys  ay  ful  off  Ennemyes, 
Off  brygaiuitys,  &  fals  espyes, 
And  off  ffomen  fful  despytous. 

'  And  in  tliys  passage  perillous, 
Me  semetb  (in  no  maner  wyse,) 
That  yt  may  to  the  suffyse, 
Thy  stonys  platly,  nor  thy  staff  slynge, 
(Wycb  wytli  the  that  thow  dost  brynge), 
But  yiff  thow  do  thy  deuer, 
To  baue  wijili  the  thy  Somer, 
To  ber  thy  armys  on  thy  bak, 
Bet  than  in  bowgys  or  cloth  sak. 

*  YtMver  a  gret  derysioun      [lAmiytst.   stowe,  leaf 
To  the,  and  gret  confusions, 
Yiff  thy  chau»djrere  sholde  he»i  brynge, 
And  thow,  for  lak  off  fforseyynge, 
Stoode  thy  syllff  disconsolaat, 
Dysarmyd,  nakyd,  &  chek-maat, 
Consydred^  that  thy  cbau?)iberere         [^  consyare  st.] 
Ys  lasse  off  myght  &  off  powere 
Than  thow  thy-sylff[e]  sboldest  be, 
Yiff  thow  be  goucrnyd  by  equyte.' 

The  pylgrym : 
"  Certeys  ye  seyn  ryht  wel  at  ab 


8916 


Tlie  manly 
kiiisht 
bears  liis 
armour  on 
liis  back, 


8920  [leaf  139,  bk.] 


8924 


8928 


8932 


893G 


8940 


150] 

8944 


8948 


8952 


especially 
when  deadly 
war  is  going 
on. 


The  way  to 
Jerusalem 
is  beset  witli 
enemies, 


against  wliom 
your  stones 
ami  staff  will 
not  suffice ; 


and  it  would 
be  a  great 
derision  to 
you 


to  be  found 
unarmed  and 
clieck-raate. 


248     Tho  I  was  too  fat,  I  am  nov)  Jit,  (rut  have  no  Servant. 


8968 

[Stowe,  leaf  159,  bacU] 


"  But  I  wolde  in  especyal 

Wyten  how  yt  myghtii  be, 

Or  whelir  the  faute^  wer  in  me,  [i  the  jefaute  st.]  8956 

The  cause '■^  plfi^ly  of  thys  cas,  [^stowc] 

That  I  so  sone  dysarmyd  was ; 

And  why  I  myghte  nat  endure 

Tlie  bevynesse  off  myw  armure."  89G0 

Grace  dieu : 
'Hastow,'  qiiod  she,  'no  Eeme??ibrau»ce, 
How  I  the  tolde,^  in  substau7tce,      ptouie  st.,  toid  c] 
Thow  wer  to  fat,  and  to  lykynge, 

To  gret  and  large  (as  by  semynge,)  8964 

The  to  putte  in  aventure 
So  hevy  armure  to  endure  1 ' 

The  pylgrjin : 
"I  wel  reme/«bre,"*  so  ye  sayde,    f  Remembre  me  st.] 
And  thys  defautys  on  me  ye  hiyde ; 
And  yet  ye  sayde  to  me  no  wrong ; 
But  now  I  ffele  my  sylff  mor  strong 
To  ben  armyd,  off  ^  good  entente,  [■''in  st.j 

Yiff  so  be  tliat  ye  assente."  8972 

Grace  dieu: 
'  "Wostow  what  thow  art  1 '  qnod  she  : 
'Yiff  thow  be  On,  declare  to*"  me;  [« to om. St.] 

Yiff'  thow  be  double  outhor  tweyne, 
Tel  me  A-noon  &  nat  ne  feyne.  8976 

Lat  ther  be  no  varyau?ice 

"Wher  thow  hauii'''  gouernaurice  c  iiast  the  St.] 

Off  any  maner  other  wyht 
Than  off  thy  sylff  :  tel  on  now  ryht.'  8980 

The  pylgrym : 
"Ma  dame,"  qiiod  I,  "yiff  ye  lyst  se. 
Off  thys  thyng  ye  axe  me, 

(Yiff  ye  lyst  pleynly  to^  co7icerne,)  ptoo^.  St.] 

I  haue  no  mo  for  to  gouerne  8984 

But  mysylff,  nor  to  eomaurtde. 
[le.-ifiio.bk.]   I  haue  merveyl  off  your  demaundc  ;  [c.  &st.] 

What  ye  mene,  off  this  questyoiiw  *     ,, 

W//t//-oute  a  declaracyou?^."  „       8988 

Grace  dieu : 


T/ie  Pilgrim. 
[leaf  140] 


I  ask  why  I 
ciiuld  not 
eiuUire  the 
armour. 

Grace  DIph 


R.aya  I  was 
too  lilt. 


The  Pilprim. 


I  saj'  I  now 
leel  stronger. 


Grace  Dieu, 

Grace  Dieu 
asks  iiie 
whether  I'm 
alone, 


or  have  a 
man  too. 


T/ie  Pilgrim. 


I  sny  I  liave 
no  one  hut 
myself. 


Grace  Dim  says  my  Servant  is  novj  my  Master. 


249 


8992 


899G 


I 


'  Yiff  vn-to  me  good  audyence, 
And  also  do  thy  dyllygence 

Terkne^  a-noon  what  I  slial  say  ;         ['  To  herken  St.] 
And  thy  sylff  shalt  nat  seyw  nay ; 
But  I  shal  preue  the  contrayre, 
That  thou  hast  an  aduersayre,  [stowe,  leaf  ion] 

And  On  ek  off  thy  moste  fo(jn, 
Whom  that  thow  off  yore  agon 
Hast  yhad  in  gouernaurtce, 
And  dost  ful  hysy  attc?/daii7ice 
ffor  to  cherysslie  day  it  nyght, 
W//t/i  al  thy  power,  and  thy  myght ; 
A  dayes,  for  to  fede  hy??^  offte,    . 
And  a  nyht,  to  leyn  hy/u  soffte ; 
"WytJi  metys  most  delycyous, 
And,  v>-yth  deyntes  outragous,- 
Thow  dost  ful  hesy  atte7idau?ice 
To  ffostren  hym  to  hys  plesau?ice. 
'  What-eue?'e  cost  tlier-on  he  spent, 

Thow  takost  noon  heed  in  thyn  entent 

]hit  al  hys  lustys  to  oheye. 

'  And  yet  I  dar  afferme  &  seye, 

He  was  ordeyned  for  to  be 

Soget  &  seruau«t  vn-to  tlie, 

And  tabyde  in  thy  servyse. 

'  But  now  ys  touniyd  al  that  guyse, 

Ploynly,  yiff  thow  lyst  to  se ; 

ffor  he  hath  now  the  souereynte, 

Lordshepe  &  domynaciou??., 

That  ffyrst  was  in  subiecci'oun. 

And  to  co7«clude7i,  at  0  word, 

Thow  nrt  soget,  &  he  ys  lord  ; 

And  yet  he  was  dely  vered  the,  [c.  &  St.] 

Thy  seruau7it  euere  to  ha  be  ; 

But  he  ys  now  thy  most  enmy, 

And  doth  hys  power  outterly, 

Euere  in  on,  the  to  werreye, 

And  day  &  nyght  to  dysobeye. 

And  for  thy  lustys  ay  to  varye, 

Vn-to  the  to  be  contrarye,  [stowe,  it-ancn,  luukj  9028 


Grace  Dieu 

tells  ine  that 


I  liave  an 
adversary, 


one  formerly 
miller  my 
control, . 


9000 


[2  iiutrngeous  St.]    9004 


9008 


9012 


9016 


9020 


9024 


hut  now 
tosterd  by  me 
with  luxuries. 


He  was  or- 
dained to  he 
my  servant. 


[leaf  141] 

hut  is  now 
my  lord. 


and  my 
greatest  foe 
(uiy  body). 


250     Grace  Dicu  describes  liov)  I  'pamiicr  my  Foe  (^my  Body). 

Grace  Dieii.    '  Nat-w?/t7i-stondynge  the  dyllygence, 

The  costys  &  the  gret  expense 

That  thow  dost  liy?^  for  te  plese, 

And  hys  Gredynesse  tapese  :  9032 

Now  lie  is       Thow  beyst^  hy??i  many  fressh  lowel,       ['byestst.] 

IKiinpered 

ijyyou-  And  sparest  nat  off  thy  catel 

To  beyn^  hym  knyues  &  tahlettys,  pbyenst.] 

Ryche  gyrdelys  &  corsettys.  9036 

You  buy  Clotlies  off  syllc  &  off  skarlet, 

liim  silUs  ami  i      p  i  oc 

pearls.  Embrawdyd,  &  wi/th  perlys^  ffret :  [^peiiesst.] 

Al  hys  desyrs  tliow  pursues, 

Somwhyle  to  lede  hy?/i  to  the  stewes,  9040 

Yon  batbe       To  wassho  &  bathe  hym  teiidyrly, 
lay  hiin  on       Aiid  to  leyu  h\vi  sofftely 

feallierljeils,  j  j  j 

On  ffether  beddys,  mad  ful  wel, 

ffor  to  slepe  hys  vndermel ;  9044 

And  afterward  to  kembe  li3's  hed : 
nmU'ive  him    W^t/t  wyncs  also,  whyt  &  red, 

wines.  ^  ^ 

"VVytli  maluesyn  &  ypocras, 

Thow  dost  to  \\jm  ful  gret  so^as,  9048 

And  art  mor  bysy  hym  to  queme 

Than  thy-sylff,  I  dar  wel  deme. 

You  w.iit  '  As  a  norysshe  on*  hyr  enfau»t,     [»  novyse  /  to  St.] 

on  liim  like  •'  •  ' 

.inui-se.  Thow  art  euere  d,ttendaunt  9052 

To  ffostren  hy?»,  lyk  hys  delyt, 
[leaf  ui,  bk  ]   And  to  seruB  hys  apjtety t ; 

And  shortly,  Avhan  thow  hast  al  do, 
And  yet  be      Thow  liast  uoou  SO  mortal  ffo  ;  905G 

is  yoni'ileaa- 

liestfoe  fjor  the,  to  trayshe^  w?/t7t  al  hys  niyht,     [■  trayssUen  St.] 

He  lyth  a  waytynge  day  &  nyht ; 
And  hys  ffamylyaryte 

Ys  ful  noyous  vn-to  the.  90G0 

ffor  Enniy  noon  ys  so  pej-illous, 
So  dredful,  nor  contdgyous, 

on  earth.  In  al  the '^  erthc,  fer  UOr  UCr,  ['^  the  St.,  ow.  C.    Stowe,  leaf  Ifil] 

As  an  enmy  ffamylyer,  FamiUaris  Inimieus  St.,  oih.  c.    9064 

Xor  so  gretly  to  be  drad'  [-  dradde . .  sudde  st.] 

Off  ffolkys  that  be  Avyse  Sc  .'^ad.'' 

'  And  yiff'  thow  lyst  to  lern  oif  me, 
Tak  good  hed  ;  fur  thys  y.^  lie  [si.  \- c]   9068 


/  ash  v:ho  my  Foe  is,  that  I  may  hill  lain  and  cut  him  'iqi.  251 

'  Wych  Avolde  nat  suffre  the  to  lere,  orare  Pieu. 

Xooii  Armvs  nor  noon  barneys  were,  hc  stopt 

■^  yoiir  wearing 

The  to  dyifende  fro  tliyw  enniyes,  armour. 

]irygau?itys  and  other  false  espyes  ;  [c.  &  st.]  9072 

And  shortly  (yiif  I  shal  nat  tarye) 

He  vs  thy  "letest  aduersarye  He  is  your 

J  -J    O  •'  grnatest 

Tliat  thow  hast,  &  most  to  drede  :  enemy. 

Ee  war  therfor,  &  talc  bet  hede.'  9j76 

The  pylgrym  :  to^  pi/i/nm. 

"Ma  dame,"  quod  I,  "yiff  ye  lyst  se, 
I  merveylle  what  he  sbolde  be,  iwomierwiio 

''  '  tliis  lue  is, 

He  that  ye  accuse  and  blame, 

And  put  on  hy?)i  so  gret  dyffame,  9080 

How  that  he  sholde,  day  «fe  nylit,  ^viio-s  aiu-.-iys 

'         •'  •'        '  IryiiiK'td  de- 

Be  bysy  (as  ifur  as  he  hath  myglit)  base  me. 

To  traisshe^  me,  as  a  fals  tractour,         [>  tmyssho  st.] 

And  to  my  worshyjie  &  honour  9084 

Don  any  derogaciou7j 

By  SAvych  co?»passyd  fals  traisou7J. 

"  I  pray  yow  for  to  tellen  me 

What  maner  whyht  he^  sholde  be.         [=  timt  iic st.]  9088 

Telleth  me  ek  whar  he  was  born,  [leaf  it-i] 

And  warneth  me  off  hy?«  to-forii ; 

Telleth  hys  name  &  hys  fygure,  lasUwimt 

•'  J         J  o         '  ig  ljj^  name, 

That  I  may  my  sylff  assure  9092 

Agey?«  hys  mortal  Enmyte,  [stowe,  leaf  ici,  ia-.] 

That  I  myghte  aveiigyd  be. 

And,  by  my  trouthe,  a-noon  I  shal  so  tiiat  i 

m.iy  at  once 

Dysme??d)ren  hy?»  on  pecys  smal,  9096   <-ui'iiim  into 

•^  ^•'  i       -^  '  little  bits. 

Quyk  on  the  Erthe,  what-euere  he  be, 

And  ye  hys  name  tellen  me. 

And  yet  thys  vengain^ce,  in  no  wyse 

Myghte  nat  ynowh  suffyse,  9100 

Thogh  al  quyk  (to  myn  entente) 

I  dysme?»brede  hy?«  ther  he  wente." 

Grace  dieu  :  Grace  pieu. 

'  Certys,'  ({iiod,  she,  '  thow  seyst  ryht  wel : 
But,  &  thow  wylt  wyten  euerydel,  9104 

And  conceyve  ek  in  thy  thouht, 
ISTe  wer  tliy-sylff,  hc  wer  ryht  iiuuht, 


252    Grace  Dicu  will  jmirney  with  mc,  and  describe  my  For. 

Grace  Dieii.    '  Nor,  w?/t/i-oute  the,  certeyw, 

Tie  ne  wer  nat  but  in  veyu ;  9108 

ffor  ifolkys,  noutlier  yong  nor  olde, 
Sholde  nat  on  hym  be-holde, 
Eut  haue  hym  in  despyt,  certeyn, 

In  reprefp,  &  in  gret  desdeyn,  9112 

(Ne  wer  thy  sylff,  I  the  ensure,) 
ffor  but  a  lyknesse  off  ordure, 
Your  foe  is       And  a  statue  off  slvvm^  vnclene,  ['siymest.] 

:i  coiiii)iiuiKl  ■'  •' 

of  slime  (Vnderstond  wel  what  I  mene,)  9116 

diiriB,  and  '>  '' 

corruption.      Donge  &  putrefacciouTO, 

A  Kareyn  off  cornipcyou?? : 

Tliow  shalt  yt  fynde  (in  wordys  fewe,) 

As  openly  I  shal  the  shewe,  9120 

Grace  Die,.      ^hau  thow  gyHUGst  thy  passagc. 
witiMiie,"^^     And,  for  thyw  owne  avau?jtage, 
[ieafU2,bu.]   J  ^,yy\  go  ^^'yih  the  off  cutcnt,  9123 

and  tell  me  a       5     i      i  i  9  i  i 

oiithewny         Alld,   lioluyng  OUr"^  parlenieilt,        ['oureSt.    Stowe,  leaf  ir.-ij 

who  my  foe        ^,  p    t     i  1  iS 

is.  Ihow  &  i,  to-gydre  yliere, 

Wliat  that  he  ys,  I  slial  the  lere.' 

The  Pilgrim.  y<"    pilgrillie^  [3  In  Stowe's  hand.     The  Pyl^rynie  St.] 

"  Go  we,"  i\uod  I  /  "  I  am  wel  payd 
Off  al  that  euere  ye  ha  sayd ;  9128 

I'm  very         But  specyaly  I  yow  requere 

)ileaH(l  mat 

Grace  Dieu      That  ye  &  I  may  gon  yfere, 

with  me,         And  departe*  nat  our  way  ;  [♦  depart  st.] 

And  that  ye  wyl  me  goodly  say  9132 

(Lyk  to  your  oppynyou?;) 
and  will  de-     The  maucr  &  condiciouM 

scribe  my  foe  o       «• 

tume.  Off  myn  enmy,  &  off  me, 

Whil  that  we^  to-gj'dre  be,  V  west., ye c]  9136 

1^0  Avhyht  but  ye  &  I  yfere, — 

Excepte  that  my  chau?»,berere 

'Wyih  me  haveth*^  ^iiy^  arinure  ; —  [^Ucrcthst.] 

And  my  sylue?*  mor  tassure,  9140 

Tliat  in  byre  ther'  be  no  lak.       U  ther  there,  ther  st.] 

Me  folweth  alway  at  the  bak." 

Grace  Dieu.-  [«  st, o»n. c] 

Qti.oil  grace  dieu,  '  ffor  to  declare 
Thy II  Eiiuiy  ploynly,  I'C'  nat  spare,  9144 


S?ic  describes  kini  :  he  is  Worins-ineat.     I  am  his  slave.     25o 


9152 


'He  ys  foul  &  ek  terry blei  ['  to onybie.st.] 

Lothsom  also,  &  OJyble, 

Off  condycyoun  ful  dyuers, 

Eight  contrayre  &  peruers  ;  2  [» p.nvers  st]  9148 

Was  engeiidryd  (I  dar  assure) 

And  brouht  forth,  as^  by  nature,         P  asst.,  om-C] 

Off  woormys  that  in  erthe  krepe, 

And  lyggen  in  the  soil  ful  depe. 

He  ys  a  worme,  &  shal  also  [stowe,  leaf  i62,  buck] 

Ee  wormys  mete  ;  tak  hed  her-to  ! 

Off  wormys  (in  especyal) 

He  took  liys  orygynal ; 

And  in-to  wormys  lie  shal  tourne, 

And  wyth  wormys  ek  soiourne  ; 

In  the  erthe*  putrefye  ;  [*  the  Ertuo  St.,  thortho  c] 

And  wormys  shal  hym  ek  defye, 

Tome  hy7/i  to  foul  corrupcyou?* : 

Swych  ys  hys  condyc'iou/j. 

'And  nat  for-thy  (tak  hed  &  se,) 
Euery  nyht  he  lytli  wyth  the 
A-bedde  ;  and  trustii  ek  trewly,^  ['  Trueiy  St.] 

Ye  parte  ^  neuere  co?/tpany.  [«  aepanest.] 

And  vn-to  the  yt  ys  gret  shame, 
And  a  maner  olf  dyffame 
To  the,  &  gret  conf  usiouri ; 
Affter  hys  replecyou/i, 
He  may  nat  purge  hym  on  no  syde 
But  thow  hy7?t  lede,  &  be  hys  guyde ; 
In  chau?»bre,  goyng  to  pryvee, 
Hys  chau?/iberleyn  thow  mustest  be  : 
W^t/i-oute  the  (yt  stondeth  so) 
That  he  sotldy  may  no-thyng  do  : 
Thow  art  hys  pyler  &  hys  potent  • 
And  ellys  he  were  Inpotent, 
Blynde,  &  lame  douteles,''^  ['  doutiee  st,] 

Deff,  and  also  specheles, 
And  off  no  rcputaciou/i, 
'Ne  wer  thy  supportaciourt. 

'  And  yet  to  speke  in  general, 
He  kau  to  the  no  thank  at  al  :  918i 


livpd  fi'nm 
worms, 


9156         [leaf  148] 


9160 


9164 


91G8 


9172 


917G 


9180 


and  sliall  rut 
aiul  return  to 
tlielii. 


And  yet  he 
lies  niphtly 
in  hod  with 


I  slianielessly 


go  to  the 
privy  with 
him. 


Witliout  me 
he'd  be  blind, 
l.ime.  deiif, 
and  dumb. 


254    /  viiistn't  slay  my  Foe,  hut  must  correct  him  hy  Penance. 


I  lie?  Grace 
Dieii  til  ex- 
l)l;iiii  c-luiirly 
who  luy  t'ue 
is, 


tli;it  I  niftv 
kill  l.iiii." 


Grace  Dieii 


*  llys  frowanl  coiuuvsacyou?* 
Ys  off  swycli  coiulyciou/z.' 

The  Pilpi-im.  Y"    pilsfrillie.  ^       [1  In  SLowe's  Iiiiiul.    The  Pylsi-yme  St.,  leuf  lu:!] 

"  Ma  dame,"  (\a()(l  I,  "  al  that  ye  seyn, 

I  vnderstonde  yt  wel  certeyii ;  9188 

But  I  nierveylle  ful  gretly 
[leaf  U3,bk.]    Tluit  ye  lyst  nat  to  me  pleyidy 

Make  ful  relacyou?«, 

And  clerly  deino«straciou?A,  9192 

Wyih  toknys  Lothe?i  hih  &  lowc, 

Attonys  that  I  niyglite  hy//;  knuwe  ; 

ffor  tha?ine,  nouther  iiyht  nor  day 

Ther  sholde  be  makyd  no  delay,  919G 

Wyt/i-outc  respyt  or  pyte 

But  that  I  sholde  a-vengyd  be 

(W//t//-oute  siipport  or  favour) 

By  cruel  deth,  on  that  truytuur."  9200 

Grace  Dieu.'-  [^  st.,  om.  c.j 

says  he  must    "  ISTat-wyt/t-stoudynge  hys  offence, 

not  he  slain,  j     a         ,j 

hut  cimstisea,   fo  sleu  hy?/?  thow  hast  no  lycence  ; 
That  may  be  suffryd  in  no  wyse. 

But  thow  mayst  hy?/i  wel  chastyse  9204 

And  correcte  by  due^  peyne,  [^  aew  st.] 

And  fro  vycys  hy//t  restreyne. 
And,  whan  that  he  doth  forfete. 

As  a  mayster  thow  shalt  hy//?  beto,  9208 

And  correcte  hy?/^  by  travaylle, — 
Nat  as  a  tyrau/it  liy  battaylle. 
By  cruel  Rygour  nor  vengaunce, — 
But  reforme  hy?/i  by  penau?jce, 
At-wyxe  the  yok  off  loue  &  drede. 
ffor  (yiff  thow  lyst  to  taken  hede,) 
Penau/ice  ys  hys  cheff  maystresse, 
Hym  to  chastyse  &  to  redresse  : 
She  shal,  off  al  dyffaute  &  blame, 
Kefreynen  hy?/t,  &  make  hy?/i  tame, 
OIF  dyscreciou7i  wel  a-vysed. 

And  whan  she  hath  hy?/i  wel  ch  stysed,  9220 

She  shal  (as  thow  shalt  vnderstond,) 
Make  hy//i  reJy  to  thyn  bond, 


hi  kelit 
Jill  vices. 


He  must  do 
penance. 


9212 


[Slowe,  leiif  K;::,  buck] 

9210 


[leaf  Ul] 

Your  foe 
must  lie  your 
servant. 


You  must 
loolc  to  l.is 
health  : 


My  Foe  is  my  Body  and  Flesh,  and  is  to  he  Jcept  under.     255 

As  A  seruauMt,  the  to  serue,  oraoe  Dim. 

Lyk  a  sergau?jt,  to  obserue  9224 

Lowly,  what  thow  Lyst^  hy»t  do,  [i  byiuiest  st.j 

And  nat  sey  nay,  nor  go  ther-fro. 

But  be  at  thy  comau7jdement. ;  9227 

'  Thys  sholdest  thow,  off  ^  good  entent,    [=*  oii  st ,  om.  c] 
(Lyk  vn-to  an  holsom  leche,) 
Eather  desyre,  than  any  wreche. 
libr  (yiff  thow  look  w//t/;  Eyeu  cler,) 
He  stondcth  nat  vnder  dau7igei'  9232 

Off  dethe  to  the,  no  mane?'  wyse  ; 
ffor  thow  art  boiuide  to  deuyse 
Hys  goostly  elthe^  &  wel-ffare;  [»  heith«  st.] 

And  one?*  thys,  nat  for  to  spare,  9236 

(Wherso  that  he  wake  or  slepe) 
ffrom  al  pereyl  ■*  hyni  to  kepe,  [*  pe^-yiic  st.] 

Wherso  that  thow  be  dul  or  ffressh  ; 
ffor  thys,  thy  Body  &  thy  fflessh, 
He  that  I  mene,  the  syluti ^  same,  [^ seUe st] 

Off  liym  I  kan  noon  other  najne." 

The  Pylgrynie.'^  Vh  [•«  st,  om.  cj 

"Ma  dame,"  qtcod  I,  "  what  may  tliys  hel 
Whether  dreme  I,  other"  ellys  yel  u  orsi.]   92-44: 

ffor  (as  fer  as  I  kan  espye,) 
I  mej'veylle  off  your  fantasye, 
Or  by  what  weye  ye  Avolde  gon.  [stowe,  leaf  ici] 

Ys  nat  my  body  &  I  al  on  1 
I  trowe  yis  ;  &  ellys  wonder, 
Or  how  myhte  we  be  assonder  1 
Ys  he  a-nother  than  am  1 1 
I  pray  yow,  tel  me  ffeythfully, 
(And  me  declareth  the  sothnesse^    [» sothtiistuesse  st.] 
W^t/(-outen  any  dowbylnesse,) 
What  that  ye  mene  verrayly  ; 
ffor  her  ys  no  whyht  but  ye  &  I, 
Except  only  my  chau?»berere, 
Wych  that  folweth  us^  ryht  here.  [» vs  St.] 

"  A-noon  to  me  doth  sygnefye, 
Wher  yt  be  trouth  or  fayryc 
That  we  shold  ben  on  or  tweynu  : 


92-40     for  he  is  your 
own  body 
and  tlesli. 


T/ie  Pil(7>-im. 


I  wonder  at 
this, 


9248     andaBkif 

7ny  bdily  :nid 
I  ar'n't  one. 


9252 


9256 


92G0 


[leafUJ,  bk.] 


Are  wi 
or  two 


2oG     If  I  ivcre  in  a  m$y  place,  'would  I  .slay  there  ?     I  would. 


Grace  Dieu 


if  I  were  in  a 
place  full  of 
ease  and 
sulai'O,  sur- 
rounded with 
all  good 

tlliML'8, 


would  I  stay 
or  depart  ^ 


The  Pilyrim. 


I  say 


I  wn\lld 
remain. 


[leaf  145] 


aslts  if  I'd 
give  up  my 
pilgrimage 
for  rest. 


"Tel  on  a  noon,  &  dotli  nat  fTeyne." 

Grace  Dieu.^  est., om.c] 

Quod  Grace  dieii :  '  out  off  my  mouth 
Wente  neue?"e  north  nor  south,  92G4 

Est,  nor  west,  no  leSVn",^         L"  ^''  ""'l  »«  '"-e  emphatic,  and  ea.'h 
'  '  J     OJ  stands  lor  a  measure.] 

Illusyou7i,  nor  fals  dremyng. 

But  I  axe  a  questyou«  : 

Answere  ther-to  by  good  resou??  :  92G8 

'  Yitl"  thow  were  now  in  a  place 

fful  off  merthe  &  off  solace, 

"NVz/t/i  mete  &  drynke,  at  good  ese, 

And  wyth  al  thys,  the  to  plese,  9272 

Iladdyst  thy  comau7idementys 

Off  hallys,  chau?;ibrys,  &  gaye  Tentys, 

Sotrte  beddys,  dysport  &  play, 

And  euery  thyng  vn-to  thy  pay,  9276 

Havyng  no  lak  vp-on  no  syde  ;      [stowe,  leaf  ici,  back] 

Yiff  thow  myghtest  ther  abyde 

At  thy  choys  ffrely  alway, 

Woldestow  gladly  parte  a-way,  9280 

Or  ellys  sty  lie  ^  abyde  there?  p  styiie  Kiiys  st.] 

Tel  on  boldly,  &  ha  no  tfere.' 

Y"   pilgrim'*  [♦  I»  Stowe'a  hand.    The  Pylgryme  St.] 

"  Ma  dame,"  ([uad  I,  "  dysplese  vow  nouht; 

I  sey  ryht  as  lyth  in  my  thouht :  ,  9284 

Myn  hertys  ese  for  to  swe, 

I  wolde  abyde  (&  nat  remewe,) 

ffor  my«  esc,  euere  in  on, 

leather  tha^i  thenys^  for  to  gon  ; 

ffor  yt  ys  p?'ofy table  tabyde'' 

Wher  that  a  man,  on  euery  syde 

ffyndeth  vn-to  hys  plesau7jce 

Soiour,'  w//t7i-oute  varyaurtce.' 

Grace  Dieu.^ 
'  Ys  that  verrayly,'  quod  she, 
'  Soth  that  thow  hast  sayd  to  me  ] 
I  vnderstonde,  by  thy  language, 

Thow  woldest  leue  thy  pylgrymage,  9296 

And  platly  scttyn  hyt  a-s3'^de, 
Only  for  reste,  &  thur  a-byde.' 


[sthen8.St.]    9288 
[<■'  to  abyde  St.] 


[TSokourSt.]    9292 
l^  St.,  om.  C] 


Grace  Dieu  reproves  my  willingness  to  stay  in.  comfort.  257 


The  Pylgryme.^  [>  st.,  o»»,  c] 

"Ma  Jame,"qMorZ  I,  "  for  my  dysport, 
Wher  I  fond-  esci  &  cou?jfort,  [SFondeist.]  9300 

I  wolde  abyde  a  whyle  there,  [stowe,  leaf  les] 

Tyl  I  sawh  tyme  &  good  leyser." 

Grace    dieU.^  P  in  Stowe's  liaml.    Grace  Dieu  St.] 

To  me  she  sayde  a-noon  ryht  than  : 
*  0  wrechche  !  o  thow  vnhappy  man  !  9304 

Tak  hed,  &  be  mor  ententyff, 
How  here,  in  thys  mortal  lyff, 
Thogh  that  a  man  renne  eue?'more, 
He  may  neuere  hast  hym  to  sore  9308 

To  kome  to  tyniely  to  tliat  place. 
'  I  putte  caas,  that  he  ha  space 
fforth  to  p?-ocede,  day  be  day, 

At  good  leyser  vp-on  hys  way.  9312 

Her-vp-on  I  axe  the, 
Yiff  thow  haddyst  lyberte, 
loye,  merthe,  &  al  solace, 

Woldestow  fro  thj^Ike  place,  9316 

Yiff  thow  haddyst  fre  chois  at  wylle 
Eemewen,  or  a-byde  stylle  1 ' 

Y®    pilgrinie'^         [*  I"  stowe's  haml.    The  Pylgryme  St.] 

"Alias  !  "  q?wd  T,  "  what  may  I  seyn"? 

I  kan  nat  wel  answere  a-geyu.  9320 

But  0  thyng  I  wot  ryht  wel ; 

The  cyrcu?j/stancys  euerydel 

Consydryd  vp-on  euery  syde. 

Par  cas,  rather  I^  sholde  abyde,       U-  rather  than  i  St.]  9324 

Than  ben  to  hasty  to  precede, 

Tyl  I  sawh  I  miiste  nede 

Goon  forth  off  necessyte  :  [stowe,  leaf  ic5,  back] 

In  caas  thaw  wolde  I  haste  me."  9328 

Grace  Dieu : 
Q;uod  Grace  dieu  tha?ine  vn-to  me  : 
'  By  thyn  answere,  I  do  wel  se 
That  thyn  entencyo\i?i  ys  trouble, 
And  thy  wyl  ys  also  double ;  9332 

Thy  inward  thouht  ek  varyable, 
Thy  purpos  dyuers  &  vnstable, 

PILGRIMAGE.  S 


The  Piturim. 


I  say  I'd  stay 
a  while. 


reproaches 

me: 

O  wretch '. 

0  unhappy 

man! 


If  you  could 
go  on  daily, 


would  you 
stop  there  ? 


The  Pilarim. 


I  saj',  Yes ; 
[leaf  US,  hk.] 


unless  I  was 
obliged  to 
move. 


my  will  is 
double  and! 
variable. 


258  Grace  Dicu  accuses  me  of  Icing  clouUe-ininded,  two-willd. 


Slie  says,  one 
day  I'll  go, 


anotlier  I'll 
stay. 


I  agree. 


She'll  prove 
me  (louble- 
iniiuleJ. 


[leaf  UG] 


The  PUgrim. 

I  ask  her 
what  I  really 
am. 


9336 


9340 


'  ConsyJryd  vp-on  outlier  syde, 

How  so??i  whyle  thow  wylt  abyde, 

And  a-nother  tyme  also, 

Thow  art  in  wyP  forth  for  to  go;  p  wyiiest.] 

Now  in  travaylle,  now  in  reste, 

And  offte  thow  thy?ikest,  for  the  beste, 

Stylle  in  a  place  to  soiourne ; 

And  sodeynly  thy  wyl-  doth  tourne,       pwyttest.] 

ffor  to  holde  thy  passage  ; 

Thy  purpos  double  off  vysage,  9344 

Constreyned  by  a  dyuers  lawe, 

Now  forth,  &  now  yt  doth  AV?/t/<-drawe ; 

Selde  or  neuere  off  0^  tliouht ;  \?  oo  st.]  9347 

The  toon  wyle,  &  the'*  tother  nouht."      [*  wyiie  the  st.] 

The  pylgrym : 
"  Ma  dame,"  (\uod  I,  "  lyk  as  ye  seyn, 
fful  trewe  I  ffele  yt,  in  certeyn." 

Grace  dieu : 
Tha?i  q?/0(;?  she  ;  "  lat  nat  the  greue     [stowc,  leaf  loc] 
Vp-on  thy  wordys ;  thogh  I  preue. 
And  thogh  I  make  an  Argument, 
That  thow  art  double  in  thy?i  entent, 
Alway  nat  on,^  in  certeyne,  ['  oon  St.] 

But  partyd  oftti  iii-to  tweyne. 
ffor  yt  ys  knowe,  off  yore  agon, 
That  two  wyllys  be  nat  on, 
Wych  be  seueryd  in  o  thouht. 
And  off  entent  acorde  nouht. 
ffor,  how  niyghte  they  accorde. 

Whan  they  drawe  nat  by  o^  corde?     [^  they  nat  be /off  cost.] 
Thys  knoweth  euery  maner  whyht. 
That  hath  off  Resou»  any  syht."  9364 

The  pylgrym : 
"  Ma  dame,"  (\uod  I  /  *'  I  yow  be-seche, 
Clerly ''  that  ye  wyl  me  teche  P  ciereiy  st.j 

What  that  I  am ;  wych  seyn  that  I 
Am  nat  the  same  that  my  body.  9368 

What,  am  I  tha?aie  1  thys  wolde  I  se, 
Yiff  ye  lyst  enfourmen  me  : 
Tlier  wcr  no  thyng  to  me  so  leff, 


9352 


9356 


9360 


Self-knoivledgc  the  best.     Man  is  the  Image  of  God.      259 

"As  knowe  her-off  A  trewe  preff."  9372 

Grace  dieu :  g'-°fg  g'>'< 

Quod  grace  dieu  :  '  yt  semetli  wel, 
Thow  hast  nat  lernyd  euerjalel 

Thyngys  nouther  hili  nor  lowe,  9375 

Syth  thy  sylfE  thow^  kanst  nat  knowe  :       [}  om.  St.]  teiis  me  i 

don't  know 

The  wych,  a-boue  al  other  thyng     [Stowe,  leaf  igg,  back]  myself. 

Ys  the  beste-  knowelychyng  p  best  st„] 

That  man  may  han  in  thys^  lyff  here.        [^  t  hys  st.] 

'  And,  yiff  thow  lyst  platly  lere,  9380 

To  knowe  thy  sylff  ys  bet  knowyng  ^^«'''""  "■'*  ^'  '^  ^vsum        yet  seif- 

J      J         J  J     b        cofjHOscas,  q^iiam  si  fe         knowledge 

Than  to  be  Emperoiir  outher  kyng,      ~^?  +  Z^^t     » iZe^' " 

Or  for  to  knOWen  al  SCyenceS,  +  ignorate  st.  ana  riches. 

Practykes,  &  expe?yerces ;  9384 

Or  to  han  al  the  rychesse 

Off  thys  work^  (in  sothfastnesse), 

Or  the  tresour  euerydel, 

But  syth  thow  knowest  nat  ryht  wel  9388 

Thy  sylff,  as  thow  sholdest  knowe, 

(Wyth  cyrcu7??stau?icys  hih  &  lowe,) 

Me  semeth  (as  in  myn  avys,) 

Taxe  and  lerne,^  thow  art  WyS.       [*  To  axe  and  lern  St.]    9392    [leafUe.bk.] 

And  I  shal  telle  the  feythfully 

In  thys  matere,  trewely,^  [=  trewiy  c,  St.] 

"What  that  I  fele  in  myn  entent 

Shortly,  as  in  sentement :  9396 

*  The  Body,  fyrst,  (be  nat  in  doute.)  Apart  from 

r^£C  1   A  T  1       ,  •,  ,,  your  body, 

Oil  wych*'  1  spak  closyd  w?/t/i-owte,  [« the  which  St.] 

Whan  yt  ys  fro  the  segregat, 

Dysseueryd  &  separat,  9400 

Tlia?nie  off  the,  (I  dar  wel  seyn 

And  afferme  yt  in  certeyn) 

Off  god  thow  art  the  portrature,  you  are  the 

Thymage*"  also,  and  ffygure;  [- The  ymage  St.]  9404  God. 

And^  off  nouht  (yiff  thow  kanst  .se)     [»  And  nat  St.] 

He  ffourmede  &  he  made  the, 

(That  lord^  ffyrst,  in  thy  creauwce,)         P  Lorde  St.] 

To  hys  owne  r^semblau7zce  9408 

And  ymage,  wych  off  lyknesse 

Most  dygne,  &  worthy  off  noblesse,     [stowe,  leaf  igt] 


2G0     /  am  tltc  son  of  God,  not  of  Thomas  DeGuillevylk. 

Grace  Bieu.     '  A  pre  lit  ^  (to  Spckc  off  clygliyte)  [1  Apparent  St.] 

He  myghte  nat  lia  set  oil- the  [^  sette  h.  St.]  9412 

]\ror  worthy,  nor  mor  notable, 
Than  to  hyw?  sylff-^  re-seniblable.  [^seivenst.] 

Goii  cave  you   He  gaff  to  the,  off  hys  ooodnesse, 

Reason,  "  >  J      o  ) 

Cler  syht  off  Resouw,  &  ffayrnesse,*  [*  Fayrenesse  St.]  9416 
And  off  nature  to  be  mor  lyht 
Than  any  ffoul  that  ffleth  in  flyht, 
And  neuere  to  deyen,  ek  w?/t/t-al, 
and  made  you  ffor  he  made  the  Immortal,  9420 

immortal. 

Permanent,  &  euere^  stable.  [^  eke  st.] 

And  tadwellyd^  Immutable,  [« to  have  dweiiyd  St.] 

Yiff  thow  nat  haddyst,  off  entent, 
fforfetyd  hys  comau?idement ;  9424 

Thau  haddystow,  tliorgh  thy  Renou», 
Excellyd  in  co??q)arysou?j : 
CojHparysoun  myghte  noon  ha  be 
[leafHT]      To  thy  uoblesse  &  dygnete,  9428 

Off  hewene  nor  Erthe,  in  oerteyn, 
Nor  (to  declare  &  speke  in  pleyn,) 
Bryd,  nor  other  creature, 

Except  off  angelys  the  nature.  9432 

God  i.s  your  '  God  ys  thy  ffadcr,  (tak  hed  her-to) 

father.  .jus  / 

You  are  God's   Aud,  tliow  art  liys  sonc  also, 

soil,  J  J  J 

Most  excellynge  off  kynrede 

That  eue?-e  was  (w//t/i-oute  drede),  9436 

]\lost  noble,  &  off  grettest  style  ; 
and  not  the      ffor  off  Tlioiuas  de  guillevyle 

son  of  o  J 

Thomas  de      Tliow  art  uat  soue  on  that  party 

GuilleviUe,  -"^       "^ 

I  dar  afferme,  Sz  seyn  trewly,  9440 

Who-euere  gruchche,  or  make  stryff   [stowe,  leaf  igt,  back] 
That  he  nat  hadde,  in  al  hys  lyff, 
To  seke,  in  al  hys  nacyou?«, 

No  sone  off  swych  condycyou??,  9444 

Doubter  nouther  (yt  ys  no  fable,) 
Off  kynrede''  so  notable.  \j  kym-edest.] 

from  whose     But,  off  Eugeudrure  bodyly, 

body  you  got     ^        '  °  "^   •" 

your  body.      Thow  haddest  off  hy»i  thy  body,  9448 

Wych  kam  off  hyiu  by  nature : 
The  wych  body  (I  kan  assure^)  ["  dar  Ensure  st.] 


Tito  man's  Body  is  foul,  Ids  Soul  springs  from  God.      261 


'  Ys  to  the  (tak  heel  her-to,) 

Thyn  Eumy  &  thy  gi-ettest  foo,  9452 

'  On  that  party  (yiff  thow  lyst  se,) 
Roos  fyrst  the  grete  Enniyte ; 
I^ature  hatli  yt  so  ordeyned ; 

But  yt  thorgh  vertu  be  restreyned.  9456 

For  the  ffrut  (what-eue?'e  yt  be) 
Bereth  tlie  tarage  off  the  tre 
That  yt  kam  fro  (I  dar  assure) ; 

ffor  yt  were  ageyn  nature,  9460 

A  Thorn  to  bern  a  Fygge  soote ; 
The  bud  hath  tarage^  oflf  the  roote,        ['  Fr.  ten-affe] 
Lyk  as  an  appyl  or  a  pere, 
Thogh  yt  be  born,  neue/'e  so  fere, 
Yt  savoureth  (whan  that  al  ys  do,) 
Off  the  Tre  that  yt  kam  fro. 

*  And  semblably  haue  in  myndo, 
Manys  body,  as  be  kynde. 
As  off  hy?/t  sylff  (be  Avel  certeyn), 
!May  ber  no  ffrut  but  foul  &  veyn 
Ordure  &-  corrupciou??, 
Slym  &  putrefacciou??. 

'  But  yiff  thy  gynnyng  be  wel  souht, 
Off  swych  fylthe  thow  kome'^  nouht : 
ffor  fyrst,  in  thy  creaciou«     [^  swyche  fiyitiie . .  kam  st.] 
Thow  haddyst  no  producc'iou?*  9476 

(Yiff  I  shal  declaren  al) 
Off  no  man  that  Avas  mortal. 
Thy  makynge  may  nat  be  amendyd, 
ffor  off  god  tliou  art  descended  ;  9480 

And  pleynly  (yiff  thou  vnderstondy.s,) 
God  made  neue/'e  w//t/(  hys  hondys 
Her  in  erthe  (what  sholde  I  feyne^)         [<ffeyiiest.] 
Off  mankynde  mo  than  tweyne;  9484 

Vn-to  wyche  (wnjth-onte  wheer) 
He  co7?imyttede  hys  power. 
And  gaff  to  hem  an  exau^?^playre, 
Other,  lyk  hem,  to  make  fayre,  9488 

Lyk  thexamplcs  in-^  general,  [=  the  EnsampUs  St.] 

To  hy//j  reseruynge  in  specyal 


Your  body  is 
your  greatest 
Ibe.  ■ 


As  tlie  tree  is, 
so  is  its  fruit. 


9464     [leaf  117,  bk.] 


9468 


[2  and  ffoull  St.] 

9472 
[Stowe,  leaf  168] 


Man's  body 
can  l)ear  only 
foul  fruit. 


descended 
from  God. 


He  created  2 
of  mankind, 
and  enipow- 
erd  them  to 
create  others 
bodies. 


but  rescrvd 
to  Himself 


262  God  set  your  Soul  in  your  Body,  that  you  might  subdue  it. 

oi-aee  Dieu.    '  Off  spypytys  (in  conclusions) 
theereatio"     Thordynau?ice  &  the  ffasown,  9492 

Off  wych  he  wolde  (as  by  skyl) 

l^oon  other  medle,  by  hys  wyl. 
He  put  you,         '  And  her-vp-on  (yiff  thow  lyst  se.) 

your  soul,  i  \J  j  >/ 

The  same  lord,  he  made  the  9496 

Off  hys  goodnesse,  for  thy  prowh ; 
to  dwell  And  in  the ^  body  wher  thow  art  now,      [Uiieyst.] 

awhile  in  "^ 

your  body.      He  the  putte  (as  I  dar  telle), 

Ther  a  whyle  for  to  dwelle,  9500 

[leaf  148]      And  ther  tabyde  (thys,  the  cheff) 
to  try  you,      For  tassaye  the  by  preff  ; 

and  see  how  ^  ./    i.  ' 

you'd  behave.  And  by  thy  port'- also  dysceme  [^  part  St.] 

How  thow  ^  sholdest  the  goue>'ne  [Hhowom.st.]  9504 

Prudently,  both  fer  &  ner ; 
•   And  yiff  thow  dydest  thy  dever 
To*  dyffende  thy  party,      [♦  For  to  St.]     [stowe,  leaf  les,  back] 
Yiff  he ^  wolde  holdii  chau?»,partye        [5hest.,yec.]  9508 
Ageyn[y]s  the  in  any  wyse. 
ffor,  (as  I  shal  to  the  devyse,) 

Between  you     Atwyxe^  yOW  (yt  yS  llO  faylle)  [SAtwixSt.] 

aiidyourbody    ^,  „  ,  ,  ^ 

there  is  con-     Ther  ys  werre  &  sti'ong  batavlle,  9512 

tiiiual  war-  ''  o  j       > 

fare.  And  contynuelly  ther  shal  be, 

But  so  falle,  thow  yelde  the. 

And  putte  the  in  subiecciou?j 

Thorgh  hys  fals  collusion??,  9516 

By  hys  deceyt  &  flaterye^  u  Fiaterye  St.,  flatry  c] 

Evere  to  haue  the  maystrye 

Over  the  (in  conclusion??) 

Whyl  he  hath  domynaciou??.  9520 

If  you  force  '  But  yiff  that  thow  (as  yt  ys  ryht,) 

Dyscou?ifyte  hy?M  by  ve^-ray  myghte, 

And  by  force  ber  hy??t  dou?i 

Lyk  a  myghty  champyouw,  9524 

Than  shal-tow  (bothe  fer  &  ner,) 

Over  hy/ji  ban  ful  power, 
it'll  not  dare    That  lie  shal  neuere,  for  no  quarelle, 

rebel  against 

you.  Ageyn[y]s  the,  dor  rebelle,  9528 

To  Interupte  thy??  entente. 

'  And  trcwly,  but  thy  sylff  assente 


Your  Body  ever  seeks  to  hetray  you  to  yo^ir  Foes. 


263 


9532 


9536 


9540 


9544 


[«  lie  St.,  he  C, 
Inter,  with  sc 
preflxt.] 

9548 


'  He  shal  neue?'e  be  so  bold, 
The  to  w7/t/<stonde,  as  I  ha  told. 

'  He  ys  Dalyda,  thow  art  Sampsou// ; 
Thow  art  strong  (as  by  resoii«), 
Stui'dy  on  thy  feet  to  stonde  : 
Suffre  hym  nat,  the  to  w7/t// -stonde, 
I^or  over  the  to  han  ^  maystrye  ['  iiaue  the  St.] 

ffor  no  glosyng  nor  flatrye.-  [Sfflateiye  St.] 

'  And  yifE  thou  take  hed^  ther-to,  p  hede  st.] 

She  ne*  kan  nat  ellys  do ;  [^  nat  St.] 

But  yvi/th  flatrye^  &  deceyt,  [^  fflaterye  st.] 

I^yht  &  day  lyn  in  a-wayt," 
And  swych  wach  on  the  doth  make, 
To  make  thy^i  enmyes  the  to  take 
At  niescheff,  whaw  they  may  the  fynde. 
And  yiff  thow  wylt,  sche*'  shal  the  bynde 
Slier  thy?j  heer  whyl  thow  dost  slepe, 
But  thow  konne  thy-syluew  kepe. 
And  overmor,  I  the  ensure, 
Thy  counsayl  al  she'^  wyl  dyscure, 
And  thy  sccretys  eU(^?-ichon,         * 
To  phylystees  that  be  thy  Ifoon. 
Other  frenshepe,  truste^  me, 
She''  hath  pleynly  noon  to  the. 

'  "Now  ches,  &  to  my  speche  entende, 
How  thow  wylt  thy  syllf  dyffende ; 
Be  nat  to  thy  confus'^ou7^ 
Deceyued  as  wliylom  was  Sampsou/^.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Ma  dame,"  to  grace  dieu  quod  I, 
"  I  merveylle  ful  gretely ;  i*'         U"  grcteiy  st.,  gretiy  c]  9560 
ffor  pleynly  (as  yt^^  doth  me  seme)    [»yt  St.,  om.C] 
Outher  I  slepe  or^^  I  dreme  poutherst.] 

That  ye,  a-mong  your  wordys  alle, 
Lyst  a  '  Spyryt '  me  to  calle,  9564 

"VYych  wi/th  my  body  do  abyde, 
Wher-so  that  I  go  or  ryde ; 

And  sej7i,  I  am  to^^  cler  seyng  ;  ['» so  St.] 

And  me  semeth  I  se  no  thyng.  9568 

And  ek  I  take  good  hed  her-to, 


[7  lie  St.,  C] 


["  trust  vii-to  St.] 
PHeC.St.J 


9552 


9556 


Your  body 
is  Delilah, 
tlioii  art 
Sampson. 


[leaf  US,  bk.] 


It  watches 
day  and  night 
to  give  you 
over  to  your 
foes. 


and  will  dis- 
close your 
secrets  to  the 
Philistines. 


lie  nut  de- 
ceived as 
Sampson 
was. 
T/ie  Pilgrim. 


I  wonder  at 
Grace  Dieu's 
calling  me  a 
Spirit, 


2G4   Grace  Bicu  lihcns  Soul  aiul  Body  to  the  Sun  and  Clouds. 


The  Pilprlm. 

ami  saying 
tliat  my  Koily 
is  as  bliml 
as  a  stone, 
[leaf  149] 


I  ask  her  to 
explain  all 
this. 


She  says : 
The  sun  is 
sometimes 
bright. 


and  some- 
times under 
a  cloud. 


What  causes 
day  when 
the  sun  is 
hid? 


"  How  ye  afferme,  Sz  seyn  also, 

That  my  body,  wycli  seth  so  wel,       [stowe,  leaf  ica,  back] 

How  that  he  seth  neue/-adel,  9572 

But  ys  as^  blynd  as  ys  a^  ston.    [Jow.  st.  ^aseny  St.] 

And  your  wordys  eue/"ychon 

]5en  so  vnkouth  &'  merveyllous,  \?  andsost.] 

And  to  my  wyt  so  dau?^gerous,  9576 

That  tliey  faren,  whan  I  hem  here, 

As  a  flee  were  in  my/i  Ere  ; 

I  am  astonyd  so  outterly. 

I  pray  you  tel  me  nior  clerly,  9580 

That  I  may  wyte  (by  som  mene) 

Off  al  thys  thyng,  what  that'*  ye  mene."     [*that om. St.] 

Grace  dieu: 
*Tak  hed,'  (.^uod  she,  'yiff  thow  ko?me, 
And  se  somwliyle  how  the  so?me,  9584 

W//t//  hys  beniys  bright  &  clere. 
Most  ffressh  in  hys  raydday  spere, 
The  same  tyme,  vnder  a  cloude, 

Offtii  sythe  he  doth  hym  schrowude,  9588 

That  men  may  nat  be-Rokle  &  se 
Tlie  bryhtenesse^  o if  hys  bewte,  [^  bryhtnesse  C] 

Wher-vp-on,  I  the  comau^de 

To  answere  to  thys  demau?Rle  :  9592 

Wlian  the  so?ine  ys  closyd  so 
Tliat  hys  clernesse  ys  ago, 
Tel  on,  A**  Answere,  yiff  thow  may,     [« Telle  on  St.] 


Off  what  thyng  causyd  ys  the  day.' 

The  Pilgrim.       The  pylgrym : 

"  To  telle  shortly  in  a  clause  : 
Off  day,  ther  ys  noon  other  cause 
But  phebus,  as  I  kan  espye. 
Thogh  hys  bemys,  vnder  skye 
Ben  hyd,  yet  yt  ys  no  doute, 
Al  the  lyht  that  sheweth  oute, 
Ys  ycausyd  euerydel 
Off  the  sowne  {who  loke  wel) ; 
Thorgh  a  skye  hys  lyht  doth  passe. 
To  shewe  yt  forth  in  eue/y  place. 

[lean lit, bk.]   And  shortly  ellys  (yt  ys  no  nay) 


9596 


[Stowe,  leaf  170] 


I  say,  Phe- 
bus, 


whose  light 
shines  even 
thru  clinuls. 


9600 


9604 


TJoe  Sun  is  the  Soul ;  the  Body  is  tJie  Cloud  darhening  it.  2G5 


"  "\V^t/(-oute  liys  lyht,  tlier  Aver  no  clay." 

Grace  dieu : 
Qiiod  Grace  dieu  :  '  answere  me  ; 
How  maystow  parceyue  or  se, 
Or  in  any  wyse  espye 
Hys  bryhte  bemys  thorgli  a  skye  ] ' 

The  pylgrym: 
"  llylit  so,"  ([uod  I,  "as  thorgh  a  verre, 
Men  sen  hys  bemys  shyne  a-ferre, 
Or  as  mew  sen  off  ffyr  the  lyht, 
Thorgh  a  lanterne  cler  &  bryht." 

Grace  dieu: 
Quod  Grace  dieu  a-uoon  to  me : 
'  What  thow  hast  sayd,  tak  hed,'  ([iwd  she, 
'  And  vnderstond  ffyrst  in  thy  syht, 
By  the  so7ine  that  shyneth  bryht, 
Thy  soule  cler,  in  especyal, 
W//t/(-Inne  thy  body  wych  ys  mortal. 
Off  thys  mater  we  haue  an  lionde,      [stowe,  leaf  170, 
Ther-b}'  thy  soule  I  vnderstonde. 

'  Thy  body  (yiff  thow  kanst' espye) 
Vs  dyrk,  as  ys  a  cloAvdy  skye ; 
And  lyk  also  (who  kan  dyscerne) 
To  a  smoky,  blak  lanterne. 
And  nat  for-thy  (I  dar  expresse) 
]\Ien  may  sen,  thorgh  the  bryhtnesse 
Off  the  soule  (yt  ys  no  doute). 
And  the  clernesse,  fer  w//t/*-oute. 
Clerkys  recorde  yt  in  ther  skolys  ; 
And  other  wene,  that  be  but  ffolys, 
In  ther  foltyssh  fals  demyng, 
That  al  the  cler  enlwmynyng 
Wher-off  that  pore  skye  (lo,)^  ['  skyioost. 

Wher-wyth  the  sowle  ys  shrowdyd  so, 
Eclypsyd  off  hys  fayr  bryhtnesse. 
And  ne  were  the  gret  dyrknesse 
Off  thys  skye  (who  loke  a-ryht), 
The  sowle  sholde  han  so  cler  a  syht 
At  o  look,  fro  the  oryent 
To  sen  in-to  the  Occident. 


9608 


9612 


9616 


Witliout  the 
sun  there 
were  no  day. 

(rcoee  Dieu 

asks  liow  I 
can  see  tlie 
sun  thro  a 
cloud. 


The  Pilcirim. 

Men  see  his 
beams  afar, 
as  they  see 
fire  through 
a  lantern. 


Grace  Dieu, 

The  Sun 
means  the 
Soul  shining 
in  the  Body. 


9620 


back] 

9624 


9628 


9632 


9636 


9640 


9G44 


The  body  is 
dark  as  a 
cloudy  sky. 


and  yet  the 
Soul's  hriglit- 
iiess  can  be 
seen  thro  it. 


But  for  the 
body, 

[leaf  1507 
the  Soul  couUl 
see  from  East 
to  West. 


The  90\il  has 
no  need  of 
bodily  eyes. 


9648 


9G52 


The  spiritual 
eyes  pierce 
farther 


when  tliey 
are  free  from 
ttie  body's 
darkness. 


266  Tlic  Soul's  eyes  'pierce  fartlier  vjhen  freed  frovi  the  Body. 

Grace  Dim.        '  ffoi'  off  the  Loily  (trustii  me) 
The  Eyen,  no  verray  eyen  be, 
But  lyk  to  glas,  (I  dar  wel  seyn), 
Wher-thorgh  the  clere  soule  ys  seyn, 
And  outward  (wyth  hys  bemys  bryht) 
Yiveth  thei'-to  clernesse  and  lyht. 
ffor  the  sowle,  (who  taketh  hede,) 
Off  bodyly  eyen  liath  no  nede, 
No  mor  than,  in  semblable  caas. 
The  bryhte  so?aie  liath  off  the  glas, 
Nouther  byforn,  nouther  be-hynde.      [stowe,  leaf  171] 

'  And  conceyue  also  in  thy  niynde,  90') 6 

That  Eyen  wych  ben  espyrytual, 
Wyth-oute  spectacle  or  ffenestral, 
Sen  off  hem  syllf  mor  parfytly, 
ffei'ther  perce,  &  mor  clerly, 
Tha?i  whan^  the  bodyly  dyrknessc,    [>  Whan  that  St.] 
The  gostly  eyii  doth  oppresse. 
ffor  gostly  Eyen  sen  wel  the  bet. 
Whan  yt  ys  so  they  be  nat  let 
W//t/t  bodyly  Eyen  that  ben  outward, 
And  lian  to  no-thyng  ther  reward, 
But  to  thynges  off  veynglorye, 
That  be  passynge  &  transytorye, 
Dyrked  yvyth  a  worldly  skye. 

'  And  whylom  blynde^  -was  Tobye     [^  Wynde  St.,  Wynd  c] 
Off  bodyly  eyen,  as  wytlt-onte  ; 
But  inwardly  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
He  was  nat  blynded  off  hys  syht, 
But  hadde  hys  eyen  cler  &  bryht ; 
I  mene,  the  Eyen  off  hys  mynde ; 
ffor  by  tho  Eyen  (as  I  ffynde) 
He  tauhte  hys  sone,  &  clerly  tolde 
The  weye  that  he  sholde  holde 
In  hys  passage,  &  nouht  erre. 
H3'S  Eyen  wer  cler  as  any  sterre, 
Off  hys  mynde,  wych  made  hjin  se ; 
And  ellys  yt  myghte  neuere  ha  be, 
Off  hys  inward  inspeccyou?^,  f^  I'lfonnac/on  st., 
To  yove  him  swych  instruccyouM^  9684 


The  Tobias 
was  blind 
ill  his  bodily 
eyes. 


Iiis  mind's 
eyes  taught 
his  son, 

[leaf  150,  bk.] 


and  were 
clear  as  a 
star. 


9660 


9664 


9668 


9672 


9676 


9680 


,  with  Iiistrufi-iou 


The  Soul  sees.  The  Body  isUiml,  The  Soul  works  the  Wits.  267 


[Stowe,  leaf  171, 
\}  siglite  St.] 


P  trust  St.] 


Past.] 


'  How  he  sliolde  liy/«  gou^'/'iic, 
W//t/i-oute  tlie  silit^  wycli  ys  eterue, 
I  mene,  the  siht^  spyrytual, 
Wych  ys  gostly  &  eternal, 

'  That  syhte/  by  age  wasteth  nouht ; 
And  (yiff  the  trouthii  be  Avel  souht,) 
Tliy  bodyly  eyen  (truste^  me,) 
'Wyili  hem  thow  mayst  no  thyng  yse. 
The  soule  seth  al  by  cler  lookyng, 
And  the  body  seth  nothyng ; 
Blynd  w?/t/i-Innen  &  wyt/i-oute. 
And  ner  the  soule,  (yt  ys  no  doute,) 
Seyng  cler  ho  shold  ha  noon, 
!Na  mor  than  hath  the^  coldii  ston. 

*  And  as  yt  ys  towchyng  syht, 
Evene  so  (who  looke  a-ryht) 
Yt  ys  off  al  thy  wyttys  fyue ; 
ffor  who  seyth  nay,  or  gey?j^  yt  stryue,  [*  ageyn  st.] 
Eue^ych  off  hem,  in  sentement, 
Ys  but  a  maner  instrument. 
The  wych,  touchyng  ther  werkyng, 
Off  the  they  receyve  eue?y  thyng  ; 
ffor,  w?/t/(-outen  helpe  off  the. 
They  no  thyng  here,  they  no  thyng  se, 
Nor  no  thyng  thay  may  reporte. 
And  yiff  thow  dyst^  hem  nat  supporte,  [^  dj-aestst.] 
And  sustenyst  wyth  thy  myghte, 
Eryng,*^  Smellyng,  Touch  &  Syht,  P  Heryng 
Thy  body  wer  nat  euerydel 
But  a  verray  foul  dongel. 
Impotent,  and  feble  also. 
Outlier  to  mevyn  or  to  go.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"Thanne,  wyih  your  supportaciou?^,        [stowe,  leafn 
I  axe  off  you  thys  questyouM  ; 
Aud  ffryst  off  aH  I  thus  begynne  : 
'  How  may  the  sowle  that  ys  w?/tA-inne, 
Ber  the  body  that  ys  w//t/i-oute  1 ' 
To  me  assoylleth  fyrst  thys  doute ; 
ffor  yt  semeth  mor  Eeson, 


back] 

9688 
9692 
9696 
9700 
9704 
9708 


9711 

St.] 


9716 

!] 

9720 


The  spiiitiial 
siglit  wastes 
not  by  age. 


Tlie  Soul  sees 
all. 


The  body  is 
blind  within 
and  without. 


So,  each  of 
yoir  Five 
Wits 


is  an  instru- 
ment thro 
which  you 
and  your  Sou! 
work. 


Without  the 
Soul 


[leaf  l.-,l] 


the  Body  is 
impotent  and 
feeble. 

The  Pilgrim 


I  ask. 


How  may  the 
soul  within 
bear  the  body 

without  ? 


268     Grace  Dicn  explains  the  relation  of  SoiU  and  Body. 


The  Pilgrim. 

Surely  tlie 
thins;:  (soul) 
wiMiiii  is 
lionie  up  by 
the  body 
without. 


saj'B  No. 


Take  your 
clothes  out- 
side your 
body. 


You  bear  the 
clothes ; 
not  the 
clothes  you. 


[leaf  151,  bk.] 


Tlie  I'ihjrim. 


The  soul 
bears,  and  is 
borne.     It 
sustains  the 
body. 


"  (As  to  uiy  oppynyou?^,)  9724 

The  body  outward  (thu.s  I  mene) 

Sholde  the  soule  inward  sustene. 

Yiff  ye  grante  to  speke  at  large,  9727 

Thyng  that  co?«teneth,  berth ^  the  charge,      V-  i^ereth  St.] 

And  bereth  vp  al,  to  iny?i  entent : 

And  thyng,  w//t^-Inne  that  ys  content, 

That  thyng  ys  born,  as  semeth  me. 

And  her-vp-on  I  wolde  se,  9732 

Syth  that  ye  ben  prudent  Sz  wys, 

A  good  auswere,  by  your  avys." 

Grace  dieu: 
*  Vp-on  thy  questiou^i  to  conchide 

An  answere,  as  by  syniylytude  :  9736 

Conceyue  fyrst  in  thy?i  entent, 
Thy  clothyng  &  thy  vestyment. 
Contene  thy  boady'^  eue/ydel  ['Bodyst.j 

"\V//t//-Innen  :  yiff  thow  loke  wel,  9740 

Thy  body  closyd  ys  w//t/;-Inne  ; 
And  but  yiff  thow  fro  resou/^  twynne, 
Thow  wylt  nat  geyn-seyn  vn-to  me, 
Thow  beryst  thy  clothys,  &  they  nat  the,  9744 

And  fully  ben  in  thy  depoos ; 

And  yet  thow  art  w//t//-Inne  hem  cloos  3  [Stowe,  leaf  172,  bk.] 
And,  (yiff'  thow  clerly  kanst  dyscerne,) 
At  thy  lust  dost  hem  gouerne  ;  9748 

And  (to  seyn  shortly  in  substauwco,) 
Thow  hast  oft'  hem  the  gou«/'nau?icc.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"  And  ys  yt  lyk,  ma  dame,"  i.{Uod  I, 
"  In  al,  off  me  &  my  body  % "  9752 

Grace  dieu: 
'  To  yive  the^  mor  cler  evydence,  p  the  the  St.] 

I  putte  a  mane>'  dyfierence ; 
Leff  the  chaff,  &  tak  the  corn : 

The  sowle  bereth,  &  ys  born.  9756 

ffor,  ffyrst,  the  sowle  pryncypally 
Susteneth  &  bereth  the  body  ; 
And  parcel-lyk*  (to  thy/i  entent)        [' poeii,?  lyUc  st.] 
The  body  bereth  by  accident  9760 


IIoiv  the  Soul  rules  the  Body,  tlio  the  Body  contains  it.     269 


[5  le(leth<> .  .  too  &  too  St 


&  two  C] 

9780 


'  The  sowle,  but  hor-on  reporte,  ^'""'^^  ■"''''<• 

The  myghte,  the  vertu,  ay  resorte  Body  bea's" 

Off  the  body,  in  certeyn,  fu^o^A-. 

Evere  vn-to  the  sowle  ageyn.  97G4   -\-" '-  ^"« 

'  And  evydence  her-on  to  make  : 
Thow  niayst  a  cler  exau»;ple  take, 
Yiff  thow  euere  dydest^  se  [i  dyddest  e«ere  St.] 

Any  shyp  a-myd- the  see,  [2  siuppe  /  in  St.]  9768 

(Shortly  declaryng,  at  a^  word,)  [Soost.] 

The  maryner  w?/t/(-Inne  the  bord 
Ledeth  the  shyp,  (tak  hed  her-to,) 
And  ys  hyw  sylff  ylad  also.  [sto«-e. leafm]  9772 

Tak  here  Exau?Hple,  &  be  wel  sad, 
But  he  yt  ladde,  he*  wer  nat  lad.  [*yt  St.] 

'  Semblably,  by  exaumple  cler, 
Thy  sawle  ys  cheff  maryner,  97 7G 

Ledere  &  governeresse 
Off  thy  body,  in  sothnesse  : 
She  ledeth^  hy?M  ay  too  &  too,  -  i(.,,(.,,t. 
And  ys  hyr  syllf  ylad  also, 
tfor,  at  hyr  lust  &  hyr  talent, 
She,  by  hyr  owne  fre  assent, 
Ledeth  the  body,  as  yt  ys  skyl. 

ffor  the  body,  but  by  hyr  wyl,  9784      [leafiM] 

Hath  no  power,  (yt  ys  no  drede) 
Ko  syde,  the  sowle  for  to  lede. 

'  And  therfor,  do  thy  besy  peyne, 
Havynge  the  body  in  thy  denieyne,  9788 

To  lede  hy»^  so,  &  he  ek  the, 
In  thys  dredful  Avorldly  see, 
tful  off  wyndys  &  Tempest, 

And  wawes  boyllynge  Est  &  west,  9792 

That,  by  assent,  here''  in  your  live,    [« here  St.,  iiei- c] 
At  goode  hauene  ye  may  aryve, 
And  at  good  port,  wha?i  cruel  deth 
Schal  make  hym  yelden  vp  the  breth.'  9796 

The  pylg^rym; 
"  Ma  dame,  sothly,  I  do  lere. 
By  yo\ir  Avordys  that  I  here, 
To  forthre  me,  &  nat  to  tarye. 


The  niarhier 
leads  tlie 
ship, 
tho  lie  is 
lioine  by  it ; 


so  the  Soul 
ftovenis  the 
Body, 


tho  slie  is 
in  it. 


Strive,  there- 
fore. 


so  to  guide 
your  Body 


that  you  may 
reach  the 
Haven  when 
you  die. 


The  Pi/ffrim. 


270  As  my  Body  has  darhend  my  Spirit,  she  will  disemhody  me. 


The  PUgrim. 


I  ask  Grace 
Dieii  to  take 
off  my  lieavy 
body. 


that  I  may 
have  more 
knowledge  of 
it. 


[leaf  152,  bk.] 

Grace  Dim. 

Slie  doesn't 
wonder  at  ray 
blindness : 


my  body  has 
closed  my 
spiritual  eyes. 


She  will  take 
me  out  of  it. 


"  Yt  wer  to  me  ryht  necessarye,        [i  That  st.,  om.  c]  9800 

^Tliat  off  your  grace  ye  wolde  blyue,   [stowe,  leaf  its,  back] 

Out  off  my  shyp  make  maryue  ;  -      [*  to  make  me  aryue  st.] 

I  mene  thus,  ma  dame,  that  ye 

Wolde  in  al  haste  dyspoylle  me  9804 

Off  my  body,  -wych  ys  greuous, 

Hevy,  gret,  &  j)onderous, 

That  I  myghte  off  hy?;i  a-noon  ryht 

Haue  knowelychyng  &  ek  a^  syht  ['eke St.]  9808 

Mor  cler,  to  make  me  vnderstonde 

The  mater  that  we  haue  an*  honde,  [Mnst.] 

To  sen  hy?»,  how  he  ys  co;»passyd,  9811 

Wych  hath  so  offte  to  me^  trespassyd;   ^'soffteto'mfc!]*^'" 

And  yet  he  wyl  nat,  for  myre  ese, 

Hys  Eancour  a-geyns  me  appese. 

'  But  yet  I  pray  yow  feythfully, 
To  don  your  deuer  ffynally, 
That  I  may  sen  hym  (&  nat  ellys), 
Wher  he  be  swych  as  ye  me  tellys ; 
ffor  I  nat  vnderstond  ywys, 
"What  ye  ha  sayd,  nor  what  he  ys." 

Grace  dieu: 
'  I  may  ryht  wel  be-leve,'  q?wc?  she, 
'  Thys  tliyug  so  vnkouth  &  secre. 
That  thow  art  dyrkyd  in  thy  syht, 
Yt  to  consydre  &  sen^  a-ryht. 
And  the  cause  why  thow  art  let 
Ys,  for  thy  body  hath  so  shet 
Thy  gostly  Eyen  (in  substai;/ice) 
"\V//t//,  a  clowde  off  ygnorau?ice, 
And  dyrked  w//t/i  a  mysty  skye, 
That  thow  mayst  nat  wel  espye 
The  secrenessij,^  yong  nor  Old. 
And  as  to-forn  I  ha  the  told, 
Other  obstacle  ys  ther  noon 
But  thy  body,  blynd  as  a  ston ;  ^ 
He  dyrketh  so  thy?j  Inward  syht. 
But  for  thy  sake,  a-noon  ryht  9836 

I  schal  assayen  &  provyde, 
Thy  body  for  to  leyn  asydc, 


9816 


9820 


[6  seen  St.]    9824 


9828 


[Stowe,  leaf  174] 
[^  secretenesse  St.]    9832 

[*  as  stoou  St.] 


Mij  Body  falls  from  me,  and  I  fly  into  the  Air.  271 


9844 


P  a  twynne  St.] 

9848 

[*St.,  om.C] 


[5  whether  St.] 


9852 


Hut  only  for 
a  time. 


I  must  then' 
be  put  back 
ill  my  Body 
till  1  die. 


The  Pilgrim. 


My  body  falls 
away, 
and  I  am 
carried  into 
the  air. 

[leaf  103] 


9856 


'  ffro  the^  take  yt,  yiff  ^  I  kan,      ['  the  to  st.  ^  yiff  that  st.] 

That  tliow  mayst  co/iceyvti  than  9840 

Off  hyw  hooly  the  goue?-naimce, 

And  what  he  ys,  as  in  substaiujce. 

But  thow  mustest,  in  certeyn, 

Affter,  sone,  resorte  ageyn 

To  thyn  olde  dwellyng  place, 

Tyl  that  deth,  a  certey?i  space, 

Schall  the  dyspoylle,  and  make  twynne^ 

ffro  the  body  that  thow  art  Inne.' 

The  Pylgryme :  ^ 

And  Grace  dien  a-noon  me  took, 
(I  not,  wher  that^  I  slepte  or  wook,) 
&  made  (fc*  short  conclusiou??,) 
My  body  for  to  falle  a-do\i?i. 
And  affter  that,  a-noon  ryht 
Me  sempte  that  I  took  my  flyht, 
And  was  ravisslied  in-to  the  hayr, 
A  place  delytable  &  ffayr. 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Ilhimination.'\ 
And  me  thouht  ek,  in  my  syht,    [stowe,  leaf  ni,  back] 
I  was  nat  hevy,  but  verray  lyht, 
And  my  beholdyng  was  so  cler, 

That  I  saAvh  bothe  fer  &  ner,  9860 

Hill  &  lowe,  &  oueral. 
And  I  was  ryht  glad  w^t/i-al ; 
Al  was  wel,  to  my  plesau?tce, 

Save  a  mane?*  dysplesau72ce  9864 

I  hadde  off  0  thyng,  in  certeyn, 
That  I  muste  go  dwelle  ageyn 
W^t/i-Inne  my  body,  wych  that  lay 
Lyk  an  hevy  lompe  off  clay ;  9868 

"Wych  to  me  was  no  forthryng, 
But  perturbau7jce,  &  gret  lettyng, 
Thyder  to  resorte  off  newe. 

Tho  Avyst  I  wel  that  al  was  trewe  9872 

That  grace  dieu  hade  seyd  to  me. 

And  tha^ne  I  wente  for  to  se  i  look  at  it, 

Wher  the  body  slepte  or  nouht. 
And  whan  I  hadde  longe  souht,  9876 


I  seem  to 
become  light, 
and  see 
clearly. 


I  feel  sad 
that  I  must 
go  back  to 
my  Body, 


272 


/  sec  that  my  Body  is  my  greatest  Foe. 


ami  feel  its 
pulse. 


My  body  is 
deatl. 


I  defy  it. 
Grace  Diph 

[leaf  153,  bk.] 

bids  rae 
recoffiiise 
that  my  foe, 
iny  Bod}', 
would  not  let 
me  bear  arms 
against  my 
enemies. 


But  I  must  go 
into  it  again. 


I  think  now 
that  my  arm- 
our is  light. 


9880 


9884 


9888 


9892 


P  to  St.] 


Tastyd  Lys  pows^  in  certeyne,  p  tried  his  puUe] 

And  gropyJ  euery  nerff  &  veyne, 

And  fond  in  liy»i  no  Lretli  at  al, 

But  ded  &  cold  as  a  ston  wal. 

And  whan  I  dyde  al  thys  espye, 

Hys  goU(?rnau?ice  I  gan  defye. 

Grace  dieu: 
Tho°grace  dieu  spak  vn-to  me, 
'  Lifft  vy  thyn  Eyen,  beliolde  &  se, 
YifE  thow  ko?^ne  now  clerly  ;  -        [=  kan . .  cierciye  St.] 
Knowe  in  erthe  thy  gret  enmy,  [stowe,  leaf  m,^ 

He  that  wolde  nat  suffre  the  here 
I^oon  Armys,  nor  noon  harneys  were, 
Causynge,  thow  myghtest  nat  endure, 
Vp-on  thy  bak  to  here  Armure, 
The  to  dyffende  fro  thy7i  Enmyes, 
ffro  brj^gaiijitys  &  false  espyes, 
Wych  the^  werreye«  euermore. 
Off  hy/^  I  ha  the  told  be  fore, 
That  yt  ouhte  ynowh  suffise ; 
Yet,  as  I  shal  to  the  devyse, 
Thow  mayst  nat  cliesyn,  in  certeyn, 
"Wyt/^-Innen  hy/»  to  entre  Ageyn, 
Eetrussen  hy»?,  &  ek  recharge 
(Bothe  in  streyth'*  &  ek  in  large) 
Bern  hy;».  w//t/;  the  in  thy  vyage, 
Whyder  thow  gost  on  pylgrymage.' 

The  pylgrym : 
"  Ma  dame,  myn  entenc'ioun 
"Was  now,  &  my  deuoc'iou?^, 
Off  newe  to  haue  Armyd  me, 
As.sayed  yiff  yt  wolde  ha  be. 
That  I  myghte  ha  bor  Armure, 
My  sylff  the  bettre  to  assure  ; 
ifor,  as  now,  to  my  scmyng, 
They  be  nat  hevy,  no  mane;-  thyng, 
JSTor  lyk  the  conceyt  off  my  thouht ; 
They  weye'^  but  a  thyng  off  nouht."  [Mvcyst.]  9912 

Grace  dieu: 
'Certys,'  ({iiod  .she,  'no  mor  they  doth;  [Stowe, leaf  173, bk.] 


989G 


[*  fllreight^  St.]    9900 


990  i 


9908 


/  re-enter  my  senseless  Body  and  feel  my  Joy  is  gone.   273 


'  And  therfore  tliow  seyst  ful  soth. 

But  tliow  shalt  vnderstonde  me 

YifE  thow  dyst  now  armen  the, 

And  woldest  now  a-noon  hegynne 

In  the  poynt  that  thou  art  Inne, 

Thy  meryte  to  reknen  al, 

JSTor  thy  deceit,  ne  wer  but  smal ; 

ffor  thyw  Armure  thow  must  vse, 

And  feythfully  yt  nat  refuse, 

Whan  thow  art  entryd  (thys  the  cheff,) 

Thy  body  that  lyth  now  blynd  &  deff, 

Doom  also,  and  insensyble, 

Wych  muste  -wyth  the  be  penyble, 

Sustene  also,  &  be  suffrable. 

ifor  he  wyl  also  be  partable 

Off  thy  merytes  &  guerdou«s. 

As  he  was  off  thy  passiou?zs  : 

Your  decertys  shal  be  al  on, 

Wherfore,  enhastii  the  a-noon, 

In-to  hym  for  to  retourne, 

Ther  a  whylii  to  soiourne 

"Wyth  hywi,  as  thow  hast  don  toforn. 

And,  that  your  tyme  be  nat  lorn, 

Than  off  assent  &  wyl  entere, 

Wyl  he^  be  to-gydre  yffere, 

Enarme  yow,  &  make  yow  strong 

ffor  to  w?/t^stondyn  euery  wrong.' 

And  whan  she  hadde  al  to  me  sayd, 
Wher^  I  was  wel  or  evele  a-payd, 
I  sawh  ther  was  noon  other  geyn ; 
I  was  retrussyd,  &  a-geyn 
Wytk  the  body  that  I  kam  fro  j 
And  certey/dy  me  thouhte  tho, 
I  was  nakyd,  and  al  bare 
Off  al  my  loye  &  my  wel-fare ; 
ffor  al  was  gon  m  0  moment. 

And  tho  I  hadde  agejn  Talent 
(Me  sempte  yt  myghte  nat  be  forbore) 
To  loue,  as  I  dide  affore ; 
&  holy  vn-to  hys  entente, 

PILGRIMAGE. 


9916 


9920 


9924 


9928 


9932 


9936 


[leaf  154] 


says  I  must 
use  my  arm- 
our when  I 
re-enter  my 
body,  now 
senseless. 


My  body 
will  share 
my  merits. 


I  must  hasten 
to  enter  it 
again. 


[1  ye  St.] 


[2  Whether  St.] 


9940 


9944 


[Stowe,  leaf  176] 


9948 


9952 


T/ie  Pilarim. 


I  am  clothed 
again  in  my 
body. 


and  feel  that 
all  my  joy  is 
gone. 


274  /  weep  and  sorro'ir,  for  now  I  am  hound  to  'iny  Body. 

The  Pilgrim.  Me  tlioulite  I  gall  a-uoon  assente, 
[leaf  154,  bk.j  ffully  tokeyeii  hys  plesauwce. 

Thus  aparceyvnge  my  woful  chaii^ce,  9956 

Clerly  sawh  w?/t/i-Iniie  me, 

That  I  sholde  deceyved  be, 

Lyk  as  I  was  off  yore  agon. 
I  begin  to       And  the  I  gan  to  wepe  a-noon,  9960 

weep  and  ° 

s'sr'i-  Sihe  &  sorwe,  &  seyn  "  alias  ! 

What  shal  I  don  now  in  thys  cas  1 

Or  to  what  party  in  certeyne 

Shal  I  drawen  off  thys  tweyne  1 "  99G4 

Grace  Dieu       GracB  dicu : 
says  Quod  gracG  dieu,  '  what  may  thys  be  1 

"Why  "wepystow  1  what  eyleth  the, 

So  thy  sylue??  to  dyscou?iforte  ? 

ffor  trewly  (as  I  kan  reporte,)  9968 

tears  belong     Wepyng  &  tendre  terys  grene,  '^StfJ::;;:iaiunrin"oirr" 
^0  women        ^^^^  ^^  wo?«me»,  appartene,         ^^^"'^^'^  /-«'-  ^'"^  ^'«>  "'"■  ^■ 

Whare  sodey?jly  they  falle  in -rage. 

And  nat  to  me?*  off  strong  corage,'  9972 

The  Pilgrim.      The  pylgrym : 

"  Certys,"  (luod  I  /  "  I  may  wel  wepe  ;     [St.,  leaf  ne,  back] 

ffor,  (yiff  ye  lyst  to  takew  kepe,) 
I  tell  her  that  My  loye,  my  myrthe  &  my  plesaurece, 

all  my  mirth  J         J    »       J        J  J    r 

has  gone.  Myn  Elthe,  &  al^  my  SuffysaUMCO,      [»  helthe  ami,  St.]    9976 

Sodeynly  me  ban  forsake. 

I  may  co?«pleyne,  &  sorwe  make, 
I,  \yho  could    ffor,  wliylom,  aboue  the  skye 

I  was  wont  to  fle2  ful  hihe,  [*flyest.]  9980 

And  hadde  also  ful  glad  repayre 

Wyth  bryddys  fleyng  in  the  hayr,^  [»  Eyre  St.] 

In  my  most  lusty  fressh  sesouji ; 
am  now  east    But  now  I  am  avaylyd  doww,  9984 

I  fynde  (by  gret  aduersyte) 

Al  that  ys  contrayre  vn-to  me. 

I  am  venquisshed,  I  am  bor  domi, 

My  vertu  (in  conclusiou«)  9988 

Hath  lost  hys  myht,  hys  excellence  ; 
and  bound  by  ffor  HOW,  tlicr  ys  no  resysteiicB 

On  my  party  (as  yt  ys  foundc) ; 


/  a7n  cliaind  like  an  Ape.     Why  is  my  Body  so  strong  ?    275 


"  ffor,  off  the  body,  wher  I  am  bou?Kle, 

Ys  hool  my  force,  &  al  my  myght, 

(Wych  ys  ageyn  al  skyle  &  ryht,) 

And  buryed  quyk,  (yt  stondeth  so,) 

I  Am  in  erthe,  wher-euere  I  go  ;  9996 

(Thys  verray  Ernest,  &  no  lape,) 

Clieyned,  ryht  as  ys  An  Ape, 

Vn-to  a  clog,^  <fe  must  yt  swe,  u  tiie  ciogge  St.] 

And  fro  thenys  may  nat  remewe ;  10000 

ffor  my  body,  gret  &  large, 

Ys  the  Clog  that  me  doth  charge, 

"Wych  letteth,  wyth  hys  grete  wheyhte, 

That  I  may  nat  flen  an  hyhte-;         [stowe,  leaf  m]  10004 

ffor  euere,  w^/t/i  hys  mortal  lawe,  u  heygute  St.] 

Down  to  therthe  he  doth  me  drawe. 

"  I  trowe  (shortly  in  sentence) 
The  word  ywrete  in  sapyence  10008 

Was  AvhUom  seyd  off  me  ywys, 
Who  kan  take  hed  ;  and  yt  ys  thys : 
*  A  body  corrupt  (vt  vs  no  nay)  *^°''P"^  ?"."''.  <"0'"™'»P,''"r>  Ag- 

ti  r     \j     J  J I       gravat  Aniniam.    Sapiencje. 

Greveth  the  soule^  nyht  &  day,     9°  cai)i««;o.  st.,om.c.] 

Kepeth  hym  in  capty vyte ;  [^  body  c,  St.]  10013 

Yt  may  nat  gon  at  lyberte, 

Nouther  wakynge  nor  a-slepe  \ ' 

ffor  wych,  certys,  I  may  wel  wepe,  10016 

And  seyn  '  alias,'  &  sory  be, 

Off  my  grete  aduersyte." 

Grace  dieu: 
'  Thaw  haue  in  mynde,  for  any  slouthe, 
That  vn-to  the  I  tolde  trouthe.'  10020 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Your  Avordys  alle  I  do  aduerte, 
&  thanke  you  w^t/i  al  myw  herte. 
Off  hem  I  am  ryht  wel  apayd ; 

ffor  al  that  euere  ye  lian  sayd  10024 

Ys  verray  soth,  &  no  lesyng, 

"  But  I  be-seche  yow  off  0  thyng, 
Yiff  I  durste  you  co??ipeUe, 

0  word  that  ye  lyst  me  telle :  10028 

What  ys  the  cause  (declareth  why,)    [stowe,  leaf  177,  back] 


9992     The  PilQrim. 
[leaf  155] 


I  am  buried 
alive, 


and  chaind 
like  an  Ape 
to  a  Clog, 


my  Body 
prevents  my 
flying. 


I  believe, 
vpith  the  Book 
of  Wisdom, 


that  a  corrupt 
Body  grieves 
the  Soul. 


So  I  may  well 
weep. 


Tfie  Pilgrim. 


I  thank 
Grace  Dieu 
for  what  she 
has  told  me. 


[leaf  155,  bk.] 


and  ask  her 


27G  The  Body  is  hold  on  Ms  own  Dunghill,  and  must  Ic  stohdued. 


wliy  I'm  not 
as  strong  as 
ray  body. 


says  my  Lrndy 
isn't  stronger 
than  I  am. 


But  lie's  in 
his  own 
country. 


and  every  one 
is  hold  on  his 
own  dunghill. 


What  I  have 
to  do  is  to 
attack  him, 


play  him  at 

chess, 


[leaf  156] 

and  check- 
mate him ; 


keep  liim 
low  by  absti- 
nence. 


"  That  he  ys  nior  strong  than  I ; 
Or  why  am  I  not  (telleth  me), 
As  strong  or  myghty  as  ys  he  ? " 

Grace    di6U  :  ^       ['  St.,  ce  Dleu  in  Stoice's  hand,  in  margin 

'  Yiff  the  roote  be  wel  out  souht, 
Strengere  than  thow,  that  ys  he  nouht. 
But  her-vp-on  now  herkne  me  : 
Thow  mayst  nat,  in  no  degre, 
Hy??i  venquisshe  (in  co?ickisiou?«), 
Oppressyn  hym,  &  here  hj7n  doim 
So  myghtyly  in  hys  contra, 
As  thow  sholdest,  yiff  that  he 
Hadde  hys  conuersaciou?* 
Wher  tliow  hast  domynaciou??. 

'  In  hys  centre  he  doth  now  dwelle. 
Therfor  shortly,  I  the  telle, 
He  hath  the  gretter  avau?itage ; 
And  yt  ys  sayd  off  ffolkys  Sage, 
And  a  prouerbe  wryte  off  old, 
How  that  euery  whyht  ys  bold 
Vy-on  hys  owne  (erly  &  late). 
At  the  dongel  at  hys  gate ; 
Strong  to  make  resystence. 
&  men  sen  by  experyence, 
Ech  man  mor  myghty  off  hys  bond. 
Whan  he  ys  in  hys  owne  lond  : 
Thys  doth  hjm  trusteTi,  &  be  bold. 

'  But  for  al  thys  that  I  ha  told, 
Tak  bed  in  no  mane;-  Avyse, 
Ne  let  nat,  for  no  cowardyse, 
Hym  tasaaylle  ffer  nor  ner ; 
ffor  yiff  thow  ko?me,  at  the  cheker, 
Thy  drawhtys  drawe,  &  wel  pleye. 
Make  hy^u  lowly  to  obeye 
Vp-on  hys  dongel,  in  hys  estat, 
Ther,  to  hy??j  to  seyn  *  chek  maat ; ' 
Thys  maat  shal  be,  thorgh  thy  puissau7«ce, 
To  holde  hy»i  vnder  gouernauwce. 
And  lyst  that  he  do  noon  offence, 
Kepe  hym  loAve  w//t/i  abstynence. 


10032 

in  C] 


10036 


10040 


10044 


10048 


10052 


10056 


[Stowe,  leaf  178] 


10060 


10064 


10068 


The  Body  is  to  he  brought  u7idco\  The  Sandhill  and  Ant.  277 

'  VoyJe  hytn  fro  replecyou/i,  Grace  meu. 

And  governe  h.Ym  so,  by  Eesoure,  govern  iiim 

°  "^  '      •'  '  by  reason ; 

OfE  mete  and  drynk,  only  that  he 

Ne  do  no  superfluyte.  10072 

Lat  hym  lytel  Ete  or  drywke ; 

Mak  hj7H  labour  &  ek  swynke ;  make  inm 

Lytel  slepe,  &  ^a-et  wakyng  ;  sleep 'uttie, 

•^  1    '         o  JO}  and  flog  him; 

Dyscyplynes^  &  ek  betyng,  [i  Dyssypiyned  St.]  10076 

Yiff  to  hy?/i  in  many  wyse. 

'  And  thus  thow  shalt  hym  best  chastyse  : 
Devout  wepyng  wytJt  orisou?is, 
And  hooly  medytacyouws, 
Wijth  Instrumentys  off  penauj^ce, 
Shal  off  thy  cause  do  veugau?jce, 
Best  iustefye-  thy  party; 
And  they  shal  make  the  fynally 
(Wyt/i-oute  contradicc'iou?i) 
To  haue  hym  in  subiecciou/i ; 
And,  for  ihyn  encres  off  glorye, 
Yiue  the  renouw  &  vyttorye 
Whyl  thow  so  dost,  nyght  &  day. 
And  he  shal  neuere  dor^  seyn  nay. 

*  And  to  fforther  thyw  entent, 
Lat  vs  tweyne,  by  assent, 
Gon  vn-to  an  hyl  off  sond, 
Wych  stant  her  al-most  at  the  bond 
A  soffte  pas,  lat  vs  go  walke.' 

Verba  Peregrini  ^ :  [=  st. 

And  as  we  wente  &  gon^  talke,  [Sgoimest.]  10096 

A  sondy '^  hyl  she  gan  me  shewc ;  ['  soUeyn  st.] 

And  thus  she  sayde,  on  wordys  fewe : 

[Grace  Dieu]  :  Grace  men. 

'  Leffte  vp  thy?z  eye  a-noon,'  (\iiod  she, 
'And  ffyrst  off  al,  be-holde  &  se  10100   [leaf  isg,  bk.] 

How  that  an  Ampte,  a  best  Smal,         .i.  Formica.  St.,  om.  C.  andshowsme 

Wyth  herte,  body,  myght  &  al. 

To  nouht  elles  doth  entende, 

But  on  thys  hylle^  vp  tascende,      [s  hyiie  St.,  hyi  c]  10104  fyingto 

climb  up  it. 

And,  in  hyr  paas  &  clymbyng  soffte,  she  is  often 

She  ys  bor  dou?«,  &  let  ful  offte  ^^''^^^    °""' 


10080 

make  him 
pray,  and  do 
penance. 

[2  lustyse  St.] 

10084 

and  keep  hira 
in  subjection. 

10088 

[Stowe,  leaf  178,  back] 

[3  dar  St.] 

10092 

She  takes  me 
to  a  hill  of 
sand 

"*        [*  at  houde  St.] 

n  margin,  om.  C] 

Tke  Pilijrim. 

278  The  Ant,  often  s^vejJt  doivn,  reaches  the  top  of  the  Sandhill. 


and  can't  get 
to  tlie  top  of 
the  hill. 


The  sand  \s 


80  dry  and 
small  that  it 
carries  her 
down. 


But  she 
climbs  up 
again, 


[leaf  157] 


The  Pilgrim. 


and  at  last 
reaches  the 
top,  and  rests 
there. 


10108 


10112 


This  is  a  pat- 
tern of  your 
body  and  you. 


*  Wi/th  powdry  sondys  out  off  nou?;ibre, 

Wych  hyr  passage  so  encou??ebre, 

And  hyr  desyre^  ek  restreyne,  [i  desires  St.] 

That  she  may  nat  fully  atteyne 

The  hyest  party  off  the  hyl, 

ffor  she  ys  let  ageyre  hyr  wyl. 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Hhimination.] 
And  thogh  she  peyne  hyr  nyht  &  day, 
Evere  the  soond  lyth  in  hyr  way, 
Overwhelmeth,  &  bereth  hyr  dou?^, 
Contrayre  to  hyr  entenciowi, 
Yt  ys  so  sotyl,  drye  &  smal, 
And  Avonder  brotyl  ek  wyt7i-a\, 
That,  by  reuoluc'iouji,  [stowe,  leaf  179] 

Yt  rebateth  &  bereth  donn 
Thys  lytel  beste  that  I  off  telle. 

'  But  for  al  that,  she  wyl  nat  dwelle 
In  the  vale  cast  dou7i  lowe, 
Ther  tabyden  any  thro  we  ; 
But  hyre  afforceth  a-noon  ryht 
To  reniounte  wi/th  al  hyr  myght, 
Hyr  sylff  aiSorcynge,  newe  &  newe, 
Euere  hyr  labour  to  renewe, 
(Lyk  a  myghty  champyou??) 
Thogh  she  wer  offte  avalyd  donn.' 

But  at  the  laste,  thorgh  hyr  labour, 
I  sawh  hyr,  lyk  a  conquerour, 
Wyth  hyr  travaylle  renewyd  offte 
Gete  vp  on  the  hyl  a-loff  te  ; 
And  ne  wolde  neue?-e  lete 
Tyl  yt  was  cowqueryd  in  quyete ; 
And  tha?me  off  ryht,  as  for  hyr 2  beste       ["the St.] 
Vp-on  the  cop^  she  dyd'e  reste.  pcoppest.] 

Grace    DieU*:  [*St.,  in  Stotoe'8ha7id  in  Cj 

Quod  grace  dieu  tho  vn-to  me  : 

'  Her,  thow  mayst  beholde  &  so  10140 

(Yiff  thow  lyst  to  loke  a-ryht) 

The  forcys  (platly)  &  the  myght 

Bothe  off  thy  body  &  off  the ; 

And  in''  a  pleyn  Exau»iple  se  [5 in c, ow. st.]  10144 


10116 


10120 


10124 


10128 


10132 


10136 


Do  nice  the  Ant :  ivhen  your  Body  keeps  you  doivn,  resist  it.  279 


10160 


10164 


'  Off  thampte,  wych  ys  dou?i  [ijfalle 

Among  the  brotyl  sondys  alle. 

Yiff  lie,  at  eiieyy  fallyng  dou?«,  10147 

Hadde  lost  hys  myght  &  hys  renou?i   [ston-e,  leaf  179,  back] 

ffor  to  recure  the  hylle  a-geyn, 

Tha?zne  al  hys  labour  were  in  weyn ; 

But,  for  on^  dysconfyture         [lAst.  Nota  St.,  ow.  c] 

He  wyl  nat  cessyn  to  recure  10152 

That  he  hath  lost,  (as  by  hys  wy],) 

Tyl  he  be  hihe  vp  on  the  hyl. 

*  And  yiff  thow  clerly  vnderstond, 
Thy  body  ys  the  hyl  off  sond,  10156 

The  \vyche,2  thorgh  hys  brotyhiessG,^     p  wiuche  st.,  wycu  c] 
And  powdrys  of  vnstabylnesse,        ['  urotyinesse  St.] 
Ys  redy  (off  entenciouw,) 
Evere  to  make  the  fallii  dou7i, 
And  to  dyrken  (off  entent,) 
Tlie  eye  off  thyw  ©ntendeme?it 
To  kepe  the  in  the  vale  lowe. 

'  And  whan  he  may  espye  or  knowo 
That  thow,  in  any  maner  wyse, 
Woldest  on  the  hyl  aryse, 
Yfyth  sondry*  reuoluciouws 
Off  dyuers  temptaciouws 
He  travayleth  (thys,  no  tale) 
Lowe  to  holde  the,  in  the  vale, 
W?/tA  hys  sturdy  vyolence. 
But  thow  make  resistence 
Be  tymes  &  at  p?7'me  face 
Whaw  he  begynneth  to  manace. 

'  And  to  wy tZ^stonde  hys  f elle  '^  myghto, 
At  the  gy?inyng  thow  must  be  lyhte, 
Mawgre  hy???,  vfijih  herte  &  wyl, 
ffor  to  gete  vp  on  the  hyl ; 
And  thy  lourne  nat  to  tarye, 
Ther  ys  no  bettre  exau???plarye 
Than  thampte  (yiff  thow  tak  hede) 
Vp-ward  the  hyl  thy  sylff  to  spede,'    [stowe,  leaf  iso] 

'  Reme?)ibre,  in  thy?^  entencyou?i 
The  precept  oft"  kyng  salomou/*,  10184 


[*  sondy  Si.] 


Grace  Dieu. 

Take  ex- 
ample from 
the  ant. 

After  every 
fall,  it 
climbd  up 
again,  till  it 
got  to  the 
top. 


10168 


10172 


[3  ffOUl  St.] 

10176 


10180 


Now  your 
body  is  the 
hill'of  sand 


which  dark- 
ens your  un- 
derstanding. 

[leafl.')7,bk.] 

When  it  sees 
you  wafit  ttt 
climb  up. 


it  tempts  yoH 
to  keep  down. 


unless  you 
resist  al  once. 


and  get  up 
tlie  hill. 


The  ant  is 
your  best  ex- 
ample. 


Remember 
the  precept 
of  King 
Solomon 


280       Solomon  hade  folk  imitate  the  Ant.     Avoid  Sloth. 


Grace  Sieit. 

who  com- 
manded men 
to  go  to  the 
ant. 


and  to  avoid 
Sloth, the 
mother  of 
all  vices. 


[leaf  158] 
Sloth's  tricks, 


and  his  sands 
of  tempta- 
tions. 


Your  body 
prevents  your 
rising  in 
virtue. 


'  Wych,  in  hys  book  of  sapyence, 

Comauwdede  (shortly  in  sentence) 

And  bad!  men  taken  bed  ber-to,  [ibadenst.] 

To  the  Ampte  ffor  to  go,  10188 

Tavoyde  sloutbe,  cheflf  noryce 

And  moder  vn-to  enerj  vyce. 

*  Salomon?*  vnderstood  &  ffond 
The  pereyl  off  tbys  byl  off  sond  10192 

In  bys  tyme,  &  ek  tber-to, 
The  nature  off  tlie  Ampte  also ; 
Tber-off,2  wba?*  be  wrot  in  bys  book,  p  wher-off St.] 
&  good  bed  also  be  took  10196 

To  thampte  in  sothfastnesse, 
Wban  be  bad  voyde  al  ydelnesse. 

'  Be  war,  tberfore,  off  sleuthe,  I  rede 
And  euere^  among,  tak  good  beede 
Off  bys  sleybty  false '^  wbyles. 
Off  bys  treynes  &  bys  guyles. 
Voyde  hjm  fro  tbe  by  tbe  roote ; 
Kep  hym  lowebe-^  vnder  foote;         [=  lowhe  /  ay  St.]  10204 
Hys  powdry  sondys,  trede  hem  doim, 
Tbe  sondys  off  al  Temptacyoiiw, 
(WIios  nountbre  no  man  may  acouj^te.) 
Wycb  wyl  nat  suffre  tbe  to  mou?ite  10208 

Vp  on  the  byl,  to  reste  a-loffte, 
They  wyl*'  lette  tbe  so  offte,  [«wyiiest.] 

Or  thow  mayst  ba  ful  vyctorye. 

'  And  bane  alway  in  memorye,  10212 

Tbys  sondy  byl  ys  thy  body,        Exposicion.  St.,  o»j.c. 
Wych  letteth  tbe  (as  most  Enemy,) 
That  thow  mayst  nat  in  vertu  ryse.    [stowe,  leaf  iso,  back] 


['st.&c.]  10200 

[*  ffals  St.] 


It  is  a  slug, 
and  lies  long 
in  bed. 


'  But  alderfyrst  thow  must  despyse 
Sloutbe,  as  I  shal  the  lere  ; 
Than  by  ese  thow  shalt  co?2quere, 
Wyth  Thampte,  (in  certey?2  space) 
To  clymbe  aboue  the  byl  by  grace. 

'  And  baue  alway  Avel  in  mynde, 
That  thow  shalt  thy^i  enemy  ffynde 
Slowh"  &  ful  off  slogardye, 
Longe  a  bcdde  for  to  lye, 


10216 


10220 


["  Slowtlie  St.] 


10224 


Don't  trust 
your  body ; 


never  obey  it ; 


I  am  never  to  trust  vr  obey  my  Body,  which  is  my  Foe.  281 

'  Slombrynge  anere,  &  neclygent,  Grace  pieu. 

And  contrayre  to  thyn  entent, 

Ay  awaytynge  (lyk  as  espye) 

To  brynge  the  in  lupartye,  10228 

Truste  hym  nat !  ne/  for  no  chamice,        [}  nor  st.] 

Have  in  hy??^  noon  affyau7ice 

ffor  no  ffavour  nor  flatrye ;  ^  P  Fiaterye  st.] 

ffor  I  dar  pleynly  certefye,  10232 

Yiff  thow  obeye  hym  nyh^  or  ferre,         [» nygH  St.] 

Thaw  he  wyl  be-gynne  a  werre 

A-geyn[y]s  the,  most  pe?*yllous, 

Most  dredful  &  contagyous,  10236 

(Be  yt  be  nyhte,  outher  be  day) 

To  distiirble  on  thy  way, 

'Wyili  al  hys  power  he  wyl  fFonde. 

And  thus  thow  niayst  wel  vnderstonde,  10240 

To  knowe  &  wyte  fynally 

"Who  ys  thy  mortal  ennemy. 

'  Now  go  thy  way,  for  yt  stant  so, 
That  I  mot  nedys  fro  the  go  ;  10244 

I  may  no  lengre,  on  thy  weye 
Ledyn  the,  nor  mor  co?«veye. 
I  haue  abyden  longe  ynowh  :  [stowe,  leaf  isi] 

I  muste,  ffro  the,  gon  hewnys  nough;  10248 

ffor  a  gret  while  (to  thy?^  entent) 
I  haue  holde  a  parlement 
Wyth  the,  &  her-to  ben  thy  guyde. 
ffarwel !  for  I  may  nat  abyde.'  10252 


[leaf  158,  bk.] 


it  is  your 

mortal 

enemy. 


Now  go  on 
your  way. 


I  must  leave 
you. 


The  Pylgryme.^ 


I*  Stowe,  om.  C] 


Grace  Dieu 
bids  me 
farewell. 

The  Pilgrim. 


"Ma  dame,"  qwocZ  I  a-noon  right ^  tho,     [^ st. om. right] 

"  Certys,  yiff  ye  go  me  fro, 

I  am  but  lost;  recure^  ys  noon,  [« Recover  St.] 

Al  so  sone  as  ye  ar  gon."  10256 

Grace  Dieu.'''  ['st.,  om.c] 

(^uod  grace  Dieu,  '  I  wot  that  wel ; 
But  I  wyl  that  thow  knowe,  &  ffel, 
AVhat  I  shal^  seyre  the  in  substauwce.    [« shaiie  i  st.] 
Som  folk  ha  feyth,  &  gret  ffyau7ice^     p  and  Affyaujice  St.] 
In  dyuers  ffrendys  ;  &  off  gret  trust,  10261 

Sette  tlieir  hope  &  hertys  lust 


I  declare  I 
am  lost  if  she 


bids  me  not, 
lilce  some 
folk,  trust  in 
friends. 


282     Grace  Dicios  Stone  of  Invisibility.     She  leaves  me. 


I  am  not  to 
trust  ill  her, 

If  I  offend, 

[leaf  159] 

she  will  not 
sustain  me. 


She  has  a 
stone  which 
makes  her 
invisible. 


When  I  do 
well,  she'll 
be  with  nie : 
when  ill, 
she's  off. 


T/ie  PUgrim. 

Grace  Dieu 
leaves  me, 
to  my  sorrow. 


*  As  they  sholJe  lie?/i  neuer  flfaylle, 
Wycli  offte  ful  lytel  may  avaylle. 
They  wene  ful  offte,  in  tlier  degre, 
Ey  hew  for  to  supportyd  be, 
Yiff  they  hadde,  in  any  place, 
Outher  otFendyd  or  do  trespace. 

'  But  towchyng  thys,  I  wyl  thow  se, 
Her-in  ne  truste^  nat  in  me,    ['  Her-inne  /  ne  trust  st.] 
Yiff  thow  offende,  nor  do  nat  wel, 
I  wyl  sustene  the  neue?'adel, 

Nor  SUpporte  the  nat  ywys,^         [^  St.  transposes  these  lines.] 

To  ffyn  thow  sholdest  don  amys,-      [stowe,  leaf  isi,  back] 

Nor  ber  the  vp  agen[y].s  ryht. 

For  off  thy?i  eye,  nor  off  thy  syht, 

I  wyl  no  tyme  be  seyn  off  the, 

But  whan  yt  lyketh  vn-to  me, 

And  wha«  yt  ys  to  my  plesau?jce, 

Vp-on  thy  goode  gouernau/ice, 

Than,  whan  me  lyst,  I  kome  a-noon. 

'  ffor,  I  haue  a  certey?<  ston 
"Wherthorgh  (trewe  as  any  byble,) 
I  kan  me  makyn  invysible 
Whan  that  me  lyst,  a-noon  ryht, 
And  hyden  me  out  off  thy  siht, 
And  shrowden  me,  bothe  Est  &  west, 
"Whan  thow  wenyst  to  ban  me  best, 
fful  ffer  ffro  the,  in  aventure  : 
And  therfor,  thus  in^  me  assure, 
Wha?^  thow  dost*  wel,  I  am  present ; 
And  yiff  thow  erre  in  thy/i  entent, 
ffarwel,  a-noon  I  am  ago. 

And  now  I  muste  ^  parte  also,  [^  must  st.] 

(Wherso  thow*^  be  glad  or  lyht,)  v^  that  thow  si.] 

As  for  a  while  out  off  thy  siht.'  10296 

And  ryght  a-noon,  as  she  hath  sayd. 
God  wot,  I  was  ful  evele  apayd 
Off  hyr  departynge  ;  in  my?i  herte 
Yt  made  me  ful  sore  smerte ;  10300 

Me  lyst  nat  lawhe  neueradel, 
ffor  me  lykcdc  no  tliyng  wel 


10264 


10268 


10272 


10276 


10280 


10284 


10288 

p  I  St.] 
[■*  dost  C,  om.  St.] 

10292 


/  call  Memory,  with  my  Armour,  and  meet  a  hig  Churl.  283 


10304 


[Stowe,  leaf  182] 


10308 


[1  Memorye  St.] 


[2  on  St.l 


10312 


10316 


10320 


[3  bad  hadde  St.] 


Hyr  departyng  nor  absence  ; 
They  dyde  to  me  so  gret  offence. 

&  yet  for-thy,  yt  ys  no  nay, 
ffortli  I  wente  vp-on  my  way 
Wych  that  I  afor  be-gan. 

And  in  my  mynde  a-noon  yt  ran, 
To  calle  memoyre^  vn-to  me, 
That  she  sholde  redy  be 
Tawayte  vn-to  ^  me,  &  don  hyr  cure 
To  brynge  myn  barneys  &  armure ; 
And  bad  she  sholde  for-gete  hem  nouht 
And  affter  me  she  hath  hem  broulit, 
So  as  I  had  lyst  in  my  way, 
I  fylle  in  any  sodeyrj  ffray ; 
And  trew[e]ly  (yt  ys  no  drede) 
I  hadde  off  hein  inly  gret  nede ; 
ffor  I  fond  gret  Encou7?ibremeretys ; 
By  peryllous  weyes  &  by  wentys 
I  hadde  had^  gret  aduersyte, 
And  offte  also  in  perel  be, 
Hadde  nat  my?i  barneys  &,  armure 
Don  to  me  fid  gret  socour. 
Yet  offte,  thorgh  my  slouthe,  alias, 
I  stood  in  many  pe/yllous  caas ; 
But  yiff  I  hadde  wel  armyd  be, 
I  hadde  nat  (in  no  degre) 
Suffryd  so  myche,  yt  ys  no  nay. 

But  tho  beffyl  vp-on  my  way. 
As  I  wente  a  paas  forth  pleyn, 
I  mette  a  cherl,  a  gret  vyleyn, 
Wych  in  the  way  a-gayn  me  wente, 
Wyth  hys  browhes^  fersly  bente  : 
Hys  look,  hys  cher,  al  for  the  wrak, 
And  a  gret  staff  on  hys  bak, 
Clobbyd,  &  boystous  ffor  to  se, 
&  was  yhewe^  out  off  A  tre 
Callyd  in  ffrench  A  cornowler.'^ 

And  whan  thys  cherl  gan  neyhen  ner,   [« comowber  st.] 
As  yt  sempte,  by  hys  passage,  10341 

He  wente  nat  on  •"  pylgymage,    ["  went  not  /  on  iiis  St.] 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  proceed 
on  my 
pilgriraag( 


[leaf  159,  bk.] 


Memory 
brings  my 
armour, 


which  was 


often  of  great 


10324    help  to  me. 


10328 


10332 


[*  Browys  St.] 


10336 

[5  y-hewyd  St.] 
[Stowe,  leaf  182,  back] 


I  meet  a 
Clmrl,  agreat 
villain, 


with  a  big 
cberry-tree 
staff.    {Cor- 
7ioiller.) 
{Cornillier  : 
m.  The  long 
clierrie,  wild 
clierrie,  or 
Cornill  tree. 
—1611.    Cot- 
grave.) 


284  The  Churl  asks  ivho  I  am,  and  why  I  dare  go  by  this  'place. 


[leaf  160] 


enquires 
whither  I  am 
bound. 


10344 


'  The  rewd  churle '  in 
'The  Rwde  Chert'  St.] 


10352 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  fear  he'll 
attack  me. 


Nor  was  no  pylgry?«  in  certeyn. 
But  whan  we  mette,  thus  he  gan  sey?i : 
[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  IlluminaHon.'] 
The  rude  Cherl.i  ^  i^tw^'s 
'  What  may  thys  be  1 '  (\uod  he  a-noon  ; 
'  Whyder  shal  thys  pylgiym  gon  1 
To  what  cost  ys  hys  vyage  1 

Or  whyther^  goth  he  on  pylgrymage?   pwhedirst]  10348 
ffor  he  semeth  (yt  ys  no  nay) 
To  ben  a  pylgrym,  by  hys  array. 
But  he  get  no  bettre  grace, 
Or  he  passe  out  of  thys  place ; 
He  shal  ffyrst  (in  c6nclusiou>i) 
Answere  to^  my  questiou/i.' 

Wheroff  I  wex*  abaysshed  tho, 
Whan  I  herde  hy??i  spekyn  so ; 
I  dradde,  by  hys  fers  vysage, 
That  he,  in  hys  sodey?i  rage, 
By  hys  lookys  &  hys  chere 
As  he  gan  a-prochen  nere, 
That  he  wolde  assayllen  me  : 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
The  Pylgrym.^         [^  st.,  om.  c.j     [stowe,  leaf  is.')] 
But,  lowly,  in^  my  degre  [Hhusinst.] 

I  axede ''  hy«i  what  he  wold  ; 
And  platly  vn-to  hy?H  I  tolde. 


P  vn-to  St.] 
[*  wexide  St.] 


10356 


103G0 


[leaf  160,  bk.] 

but  I  answer 

plainly  that         .  ,  j  i  \ 

lamgohigon   (As  me  sempte  no  thyng  amys,) 

pilgrimage,  ,i      ,  i 

I  axede  no-thyng  that  was  hys. 


\]  askyde  St.] 


10364 


and  I  beg 
liim  not  to 
stop  me. 


I  seyde,  '  I  wente  on  pylg?'image ; 

Prayynge  hywi  that  my  passage  10368 

He  sholde  nat  lette  in  no  degre, 

Syth  the  weye  was  large  &  ffre.' 

The    Rwde    Vyleyn.^       [est., 'rude  vyleyn' in  margin,  C] 

Thys  boystous,  sturdy,  ffers  vyleyn. 

To  me  answerde  thus  ageyn,  10372 

(Off  whom  to-forn  I  ha  yow  told) 

*  How  artow  hardy  ;  how  artow  bold. 


reproaches 

ing  the  king's  ffor  to  go  for-by  tliys  place. 

The  laws  and  statutys  for  to  passe,^ 
Or  to  do  swych  dysplesau^ce 


P  pace  St.]    10376 


/  hegin  to  qualce,  hut  Lady  Reason  takes  my  part.       285 


Nichil 
virg; 
90  Ci 


[2bryngeSt.]    10383 

tuleritis  in  viam,  neqwe 
iim  iieqite  peram.  Luce 
xpitido,  (30  versu). 


[Stowe,  leaf  183,  back] 
[3  shortly  St.]    10388 


I 


*  Ageyn  ^  the  kyngys  ordynauwce ;        ['  Ageyns  St.] 

Or  to  vsurpe  by  vyolence 

A-geyn  the  precept  &  dyffence  10380 

Off  the  kyng,  wych  yore  ago?i 

Bad  pylgrymes  eue/ychon, 

Nat  bern,2  off  no  presumpciouw, 

Nouther  skryppe  nor  bordouH,  1 

And  thow,  off  foly  goue>"nau7ice, 

Dost  ageyn  hj^s  ordynau?zce  ; 

And  thow  hast  (sothly^  for  to  seyne,) 

Offendyd  hym  in  bothe  tweyne. 

Wherevp-on,  answere  to  me, 

How  thow  durstest  hardy  be 

ffor  to  don  so  gret  offence 

Agey9i  hys  royal  excellence  ! '  10392 

And  trewly,  in  thys  sodey??  caas 
I  gret[e]ly  astonyd  was, 
And,  for  fer,  be-gan  to  quake. 

What  Answere  I  sholde  make  10396 

Vn-to  hys  vnkouthe  opposaylle, 
"Wych  for  my  party  myghte  avaylle. 

And  whyl  I  stood  astonyd  so, 
At  my  bak  I  sawh  riht  tho  10400 

Kome,  for  my  protecciou??, 
A  lady  that  callyd  was  Resouw, 
Wych  cryede  lowde  vn-to  me, 

And  bad  '  I  sholde  in  no  degre,'  10404 

In  no  wyse,  answere  ageyn, 
ffor  my  part,  to  that  vyleyn  ; 
ffor  she  was,  by  commauwdement 

Off  Grace  dieu,  vn-to  me  sent,  10408 

ffor  my  party  to  speke  &  plete, 
And  answere  hy??i  in  al  hys  heete. 
To  hy?»  that  stood  thus  in  my  way.' 

And  she  ne  made  no  delay  10412 

Thys  lady  Resou?^,  but  abrayde,*        [*  obreyde  st.] 
And  to  the  cherl  right  thus  she  sayde  : 

ReSOne.^  P  in  Stowe's  haml.    'Resoun'St.] 

'  Sey,  thow  cherl,'  a-noon  qworf  she, 

'  What  ys  thy  charge?  declare  me  !  1041G 


The  Cfiurl. 

I  liave 
offended 
against  tbe 
king's  ordi- 
nance, by 
having  scrip 
and  staff. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  am  afraid 
how  to  an- 
swer. 


[leaf  161] 


Reason  comes 
to  my  aid. 


sent  by  Griice 
Dieu, 


and  answers 
for  me. 


286    Reason  rehuhes  the  Churl.    He  asks  for  her  Commission. 


reproves  the 

Churl. 

She  tells  the 

Churl  he 

looks  like  a 

Reaper  or 

Mower, 

or  a  false 
Spy. 


and  she  de- 
mands his 
name, 
and  why  he 
has  that  big 
Staff  on  his 
back. 


[leaf  161,  bk.] 


supposes 
Keason  is 
some  May- 
oress. 


The  Churl 
demands  her 
name. 


'  Thow  semyst  fro  ward  &  pervers,       [stowe,  leaf  isi] 

Off  thy  port,  strauwge  &  dyvers. 

Thow  semyst  (as  I  kan  devyse,) 

A  repman,  for  thy?^  vukouth  guyse,  10420 

Or  A  mowhere  wyth  thy^  sythe ;  [Uhest.] 

Or,  to  dyscryve  the  now  blythe, 

I  trowe  thow  art  som  ffals  espye; 

But  the  trouthe  nat  denye ;  10424 

Tel  me  thy  name  ;  spare  nouht ! 

And  tel  me  wher  thow  hast  ek  souht 

The  boystous  staff  vp-on  thy  bak, 

Wlier-in  I  ffynde  ful  gret  lak ;  10428 

ffor  yt  ys  nat  accordynge, 

But  ffroward,  pleynly,  in  semywge, 

As  fer  as  I  reherse  kan, 

To  euery  wel  gouernyd  man.'  10432 

[BIa7iJc  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
Thys  cherl,  lenyng  vpon^  hys  staff,  [^onst.] 

To  resou?i,  thys  answere  he  gaff :  ^  pyaffest.] 

The    Clierl.*  [*St., 'cherl'i«»»ar^m,  C] 

Thys  cheii,  by  maner  off  dysdeyne, 

Vn-to  resouji  thus  gan  seyne  :  10436 

'  I  trowe,'  c\iiotl  he,  *  by  lyklynesse^      [s  lyknesse  St.] 

Thow  art  chose  som  mayresse, 

Or  wexe  off  news  so  fortunat 

To  be  som  lady  off  gret  estat ;  10440 

But,  for  al  thy  presuniciou?i 

I  Wolde  Se^  thy  CO??imySSiOUW,    [«  Fayn  wolde  I  se  St.  (if.  ISt,  bk.)] 

(ffor  al  thy  port  &  strange  guise,''')  10443 

Thy  ff redam  also,  &  ffrau?ichyse ;  "^  ['  st.  transposes  these  lines.] 
Lyst  affterward  thow  falle  in  blame. 
Shewe  hem  to  me,  &  tel  thy  name  ; 
ffor,  by  noon  other  mene  weye, 

I  wyl  no  thyng  vn-to  the  seye,  10448 

Nor  the  answere,  truste^  me,  [^  trust  on  St.] 

To  lete  hym  gon  at  lyberte.' 

[Resoun] 

Thanne,''  resou??,  nat  to  hasty,  pThanst.] 

But  by  leyser  ful  prudently  10452 

Toward  hy?u  castynge  hyr  look. 


Grace  Dieus  Commission  to  Reason. 


287 


10456 


10460 


[2yittnoSt.]    10464 


10468 


'  Out  off  a  Coffyn  a  lettre  took  ; 
To  hy»i  saycle,  &  spak  but  lowe, 
I  wyl  that  thow  my  power  knowe 
Haue  her  ther-ofi"  inspeccyouw, 
And  se  her  my  co?«myssiouw. 
And  whan  thow  hast  yt  rad  &  seyn, 
Thow  shalt  wel  knowen,  in  certeyn, 
Why  I  am  kome,  w?/t/i-oute  blame, 
My  power  also,  &  my  name.' 

The    Vyleyn.  ^  ['  St.,  •  vyleyn  •  in  margin,  C] 

(^uod  he,  wych  koude  no  curteysye, 
'  I  koude  neuere  yet^  clergy e. 
And  yiff  thy  power  shal  be  wyst, 
Eed  yt  thy  sylff,  yiff  that  the  lyst.' 

And  she  yt  radde  vtyih  good  wylle : 
The  cherl  was  coy  &  stood  ful  stylle. 
And  wha»  that  he  hyr  power  seth,      [stowe,  leafiss] 
Grucchynge,  he  grunte  icyth  hys  teth, 
Hys  grete  malys  for  to  kythe. 
And  shook  hys  herd  fful  offte  sythe ; 
Gan  to  groyne  mor  &  more, 
And  off  despyt  to  gruchche  sore, 
Whan  she  hath  maad,^  ope  &  cler,  p  made  st.] 

Al  theffect  off  hyr  power, 
ffro  poynt  to  poynt,  vp-on  a  rowe. 

And  yiff  ye  lyst  pley/dy  to  knowe, 
Loo,  her,  by  declaraciou?^, 
Hyr  power  &  co??imyssiou7i :  10480 

The  Comision  of  Reason.*    [*  in  Stowe-s  hand.    'TheComya- 

810UM  off  lieiisoun    ist.J 

'  Grace  dieu,  by  whos  goue?*nau?ice, 

By  whos  myght  &  whos  puissaurice, 

Kynges  in  euery  regiouw, 

Prynces  &  lordys  off  renoun,  10484 

Ben  goue?'nyd  in  ther  estatys, 

(Bothe  Tempo?'al,  &  ek  prelatys,) 

To  Our  cosyn,^  dame  Eesou??,  \}  commyssiou«  St.] 

Off  fame  worthy,  &  off  renouK,  10488 

Who??t  al  our  court  doth  magnefye 

As  to  the  nexte  off  our  allye, — 

Elthe,*'  loye,  &  contynuance,  [« Heitiie  st.] 


10472 


10476 


sire  shows 
him  her 
commission. 


[leaf  162] 


says  he  can't 
read : 

she  must  read 
it  herself. 


The  Pilgrim, 


While  she 
does  so,  tlie 
Churl  grinds 
his  teeth, 
and  groans 
and  grum- 
bles. 


Grace  IHeu. 

Reason's 
power  and 
Commission 
from  Grace 
Dieu. 


288     Reason  is  to  summon  the  Churl,  Rude  Entcnclement. 


Grace  Dieu  « 
Commission 
to  Reason. 

[leaf  162,  bk.] 

She  is  to  pro- 
ceed 


against  n 
Cluirl,  called 
Kude  En- 
tendement, 


who  robs  pil- 
grims of  their 
scrips  and 
staves, 


and  has 
a  Mace  of 
Pride, 


the  Staff  of 
Obstinacy, 


and  annoys 
pilgrims. 


Reason  is  to 
[leaf  163] 
summon  this 
Cliurl. 


'  Worsliepe,  &  long  pe?'seueraimce,  10492 

Wyth  power,  by  our  co//imyssioura, 
For  to  don  execucyou?i, 

liedreS,  &  amendement,^  ['  St.  transposes  these  lines.] 

Off  fawtys  wycli  in  our  parlenient^    [stowe,  leaf  iss,  back] 

Be  co??ipleynyd  on,  day  by  day,  10497 

Off  pylgrymes  wych  passen  by  the  way, 

Voyde  off  guile  &  al  deceyt, — 

How  on^  lyth  falsly  in  a-wayt,  [^  con  St.]  10500 

Hem  to  dysturble,  robbe  &  reue, 

And  in  her  passage  hem  to  greue  ; 

A  cherl  ffroward  &  dau?igerous. 

Off  cher  &  port  malycyous,  10504 

And  ay  pervers  in  hys  entent, 

Whose  name  ys  '  rud  Entendemewt ' 

Wych  lyth  awaytyng,  by  gret  mescheff, 

By  hihe^  weyes,  lyk  a  theff;  [^hyest.]   10508 

Day  &  nyht,  gret  wach  doth  make, 

Cely  pylgrymes  for  to  take, 

To  robbe  hein  (off  entencyou?i) 

Off  ther  skryppys,  &  bordouw,  10512 

And  stuff'*  that  they  han  wyth  hem  lad.      [*stufrest.] 

'  And  thys  cherl,  to  be  mor  drad,^  [Madde.  .draddest.] 
And  supportyd  on  ech  syde, 

Hath  ytake  a  niaas  off  pryde,  10516 

A  staff  off  ffals  extorc'iou?*, 
Callyd  by  Rebeiriou?2 
(Trewly  for  to  specefye) 

'  The  staff  off  obstynacye,'  '  10520 

Grau??tyd  off  pryde,  by  assent, 
Vn-to  rud  Entendement. 

'  And  thus  thys  .iii.*^  cowfederat,  [« thre  St.] 

Causen  a  fuF  gret  debaat  ['foulest.]  10524 

And  a  perillous  mortal  stryff 
To  pylgrymes  in  thys  present  lyff, 
Ther  weyes,  when  they  ha  wyth-set.^    [« sette . .  mette  St.] 

*  And  trewly  now,  thys  iii^  be  met,^       P  thes  thre  St.] 
I  kan  no  bet^^  amendement,    [i"  better  St.]      [Stowe.ieafise] 
But  that  Rud  Entendement  10530 

Be  somownyd  to  appere. 


Reason  is  to  try,  and  do  vengeance  on  Bade  Entendement.  289 


*  By  som  maner  offycere  10532 

Off  youres,  ageyn  a  certeyw  day, 
Wyih-owiQ  p?-olongyng  or  dellay.' 

And  her-vp-on,  by  mau^idement, 
We  haue  youe  a  comauwdement 
That  thys  cherl  hy/u  nat  excuse, 
Nor  your  mauwdement  nat  refuse, 
But  kome  to  stonde  at  lugement, 
A  day  assygned  co?«petent. 

'  And  to  don  execuciouw, 
Lych^  to  your  commyssiLOU7i,     [iLykeSt.  seei.  loeei.] 
Vp-on  thys  cherl,  for  hys  trespace. 
Letteth  nat,  nor  doth  no  grace. 
But  yow  auengeth  on  that  wrechche, 
Lyk  as  your  power  forth  doth  strechche. 
ffor  in  thys  caas  most  necessarye, 
We  make  yow  our  co??miyssarye, 
On  our  byhahie,  \fyih  al  your  myght. 
To  executen  &  to  don  ryht 
Wher  ye  sen  that  most  ys  nede. 

'  Lo  her  ys  al,  taketh  good  heede 
To  vnderstonden  your  power. 
The  daate  cou7ityd,  a  thowsand  yer, 
Thre  hundryd  over,  thrytty  &  on ,2      [^oon , 
Wryte  &  asselyd  nat  yore  agon,^ 
And  sent  by  ful  co??imyssiou?z, 
Vn-to  thys  lady  dame  Eesou;i.' 

The  wyche,  wha?i  she  hadde  rad,^ 
Off  contenauAice  demewr  &  saad^ 
She  abrayde  by  good  avysement       [stowe,  leaf  ise,  back] 
And  sayde  to  Eud  Entendement 

Resortn  :  *  [♦  st.,  om.  c] 

'  By  euydence,  notable  &  cler, 

Thow  hast,'  (luod  she,  '  herd  my  power  :  10564 

I  ha  declaryd  yt  vn-to  the. 
Now  gyff  answere  ageyn  to  me  ! 

Rude    Intendement  :  ^  ['in  Stowe's  hand.  Entendement  St.] 

'  And  what  artow,'  a-noon  quod  he, 
'  Touch yng  thy  power,  lat  me  se  ! '  10568 

Resozin  :  ^  [^  st.,  om.  c] 

PILGRIMAGE.  U 


Grace  Dieu's 
Commitsion 
to  Reason. 


10536 


10540 


10544 


10548 


10552 


agoon  St.] 

10556 


10559 

[3  Raddc  .  .  Sadde,  St.] 


She  is  to  do 
execution  on 
Kude  En- 
tendement, 


as  the  Com- 
missary of 
Grace  Dieu. 


The  commis- 
sion is  of  the 
year  1331. 


bids  Rude 

Entendement 
answer. 

[leaf  163,  bk.] 


Rude  En- 
tendement 


asks  who  she 


290        Rude  Entendemcnt  says  Reason  steals  folk's  Corn. 


'  Lady  Rea- 
son.' 


Slie  cliaffs 
hiin. 


Piidf  En- 
tendfiiieiit 


says  Reason'! 
name  is  de- 
lamed. 


So  lie  asks 
to  know  lier 
liower  and 
miglit. 


Rude  En- 
tendement 


[leaf  164] 


accuses  Rea- 
son  of  steal- 
ing folk's 
meal  at  the 
mill. 


10572 


[niiow  art  St.!    10576 


[3  St.,  om.C] 


[Stowe,  leaf  187] 


'  Hastow  nat  herd  me  EacU  yt  al,  [>  reddest.] 

And  told  ek  in  especyal, 

Record  by  my  co/wmyssioura, 

That  I  am  callyd  '  dame  Eesoun  '  1 

I  trowe  thy  wyt  ys  fer  the  fro ; 

Or  I  deme  yt  stondeth  so 

Thow  louest  soniwher  paramours, 

Or  hesy  art^  to  maken  tours 

Or  castellys,  by  gret  devys, 

Therby  to  gete?i  the  A  prys." 

Rude  Entendenient :  ^ 
'  I  haue,'  quod  he,  '  vp  &  donn 
Herknyd  thy  commyssioure, 
And  vnderstonde  yt  eue?"ydel ; 
And  therby  I  se  ful  wel 
That  thy  name  ys  ek  '  Resou?i.' 

'  But  a  replicacioun 
I  wyl  make  vp-on  thy  name, 
"VVych  ys  hyndred  by  dyffame  ; 
ffor  that  name  sykerly 
Ys  dyif amyd  ful  gretly  ; 
Wherfore  I  myghte  nat  for-bere 
ffor  to  axe  what  thow  were, 
To  knowe  thj'  power  &  thy  myght : 
Me  sempte  her-in  I  haddii  ryht.'  10592 

ResouJi :  ^  i*  st.,  om.  c.j 

'  Seystow,'  quod  she,  '  that  my  name 
Ys  a  name  off  dyffame 
Or  dysclau?idryd  ]  lat  me  se 
How  or  wdiere  that  myghte  be.'  10596 

Rude  Entendement :  ■'  [*  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Certys,'  qtiod  he,  'yift*  thow  lyst  here, 
The  place  wel  I  shal  the  lere ; 
I  wyl  nat  spare,  but  platly  telle  : 

Thow  art  dyffamyd  at  the  melle,^  lOGOO 

And  disclaujidryd  off  ffals  mesour. 
By  robberye  off  mele  &  flour 


10580 


10584 


10588 


^  PMison  est  au  vinulin:  Pro.  (Belike  hecau.se  Orist  is  taken 
in,  and  delivered  oitt,  by  measure.) — Cotgrave,  1611. 
Haison,  (sailor's)  ration.     'Ratio,  me.sure. '— D' Amis. 


Recison  admits  that  a  false  Mill- Measure  is  cald  Reason.  291 


'  The  peple  present,  tliem  be-forn, 

Stelynge  ther  greyii  &  ek  ther  corn.'  10604 

ReSOn  :  ^  ['in  Stowe's  liaiul.    Resoun  St.] 

'  Record  off  ilolkys  tliat  be  sage,       [stowe,  leaf  is?,  bucU] 

'  Sclaujidere  ys  no  vasselage  ; ' 

And  phylosofres  ek  expresse, 

'  To  sclau?Klere,  ys  no  worthynesse, 

Xor  dyffanies,  forth  to  telle.' 

'  And  as  touchyng  off  the  melle, 
Thovv  myghtest  ther  perdventure 
Seen  &  be-holden  A  mesure 
Wych  (by  folkys  oppynyouw,) 
Bereth  the  name  off  'Eesou?*.' 
And  wyle^  that  folkys  so  yt  calle, 
To  shrowde  hys  falsliede,  &  tapalle,^ 
But^  for  al  that,  (yt  ys  no  drede, 
Who  that  wysly  taketh  hede,) 
Thogh  yt  here  name  off  Eesou?*, 
Yt  ys  but  fals  decepciou/?., 
Vnder  a  colour  off  ffals  laude, 
ffor  to  hyden  deceyt  &  fraude. 

'  A-Twyxe  a  name,  &  existence, 
Men  mvt^  sette  a  dyfference  ; 
Ifor  vnder  name  off  sothfastnesse, 
Offte  ys  wrouht  f ul  gret  falsnesse  ; 
And  vnder  honest  coue/'ture, 
Offte  ys  hyd  ful  gret  ordure. 
In  many  a  place  yt  ys  ek  seyn, 
That  pompe,  pryde,  and  fals  dysdeyn, 
Courtyned^  wijili  humylyte,  [« contyned  St.] 

■^Assenden  to  grete*"  dygnyte  ;  [--?  st.  (c  burnt)]   10632 

But  feyned  sy??iplesse,  out  off  doute. 
At  the  laste  yt  breketh.  oute. 

'  Ech  vyce  ek  (in  conclusiouji) 
Haueth  thys  condycyouw,  10636 

To  shewen  out  an  exau??iplayre  [stowe,  leaf  iss] 

Off  vertu,  wych  that  ys  contrayre 
To  hym  by  fals  apparence. 

To  yive  a  maner  evydence  10640 

To  blynde  the  peplys,'  by  shewyng 


10608 


10612 


[2  while  St.]    10615 
[3  to  palle  St.] 
[*  But,  om.  St.] 


10620 


[MnoweSt.]    10624 


10628 


Rude  Eii- 
tendement. 


says  tliis  is 
mere  slander. 


No  doubt  you 

may  see  at  a 

mill, 

a  Measure 

cald  Keason, 


meant  to  pon- 
eeal  a  miller's 
rascality ; 


but  you  must 
distinguish 
between  a 
name  and  the 
tiling  it 
names. 


Pride  is  often 
curtalnd  by 
Humility. 


[leaflGI,  bk.] 


Every  vice 
hides  itself 
under  an  ap- 
parent virtue. 


292     Rccifion  asserts  her   Worth.     The  Churl  denies  it. 


But  tlio" 
Vices  some- 
times liave 
tlie  nume  of 
Virtue, 
pure  Virtue 
sliiJies  cleiir. 


And  tlio  a 
false  iiiill- 
ineasine  is 
cald '  Keason,' 


I,  Reason, 
am  not  to 
blame. 


but  am 
worthy  of 
liunour. 

For  Reason 
cannot  err. 


[leaf  185] 
Virtue 
shrouds  not 
itself. 


Rude  En- 
teyidfini'nt 


says,  Do  you 
think  me  a 

Fool  ? 


I  know  what 
is  what, 


'  Off  tliat  they  ffayllen  in  beyng, 

That  men  sholden  off  hem  deme  10643 

They  Wer  SWycll  ^  lyk  as  they  seme   [>  Outward  were  ehuche  St.] 

Outward,  as  by  ther  feyned  cher. 

'  But  vertu,  that  stondeth  eue?-e  cler, 
W^t/i  coue/'ture  off  no  veyn  laude, 
Ys  nat  dyffacyd  by  no  ffraude ;  10648 

And  thogh  that  vyces,  by  fals  ffame, 
Off  vertu  som  tyme  haue  A  name, 
Cler 2  vertu  (who  so  loke  wel)  [^cierest.] 

Therby  ys  spottyd  neueradel,  10652 

But  shyneth  clerere  &  mor  bryht, 
That  falsnesse  may  nat  cloude  hys  lyht ; 
But  in  hys  bryhtnesse  doth  endure. 

'  And  thogh  that  I,  off  fals  mesure  10656 

(To  shrowde  yt  by  decepcyouw,) 
Am  I-callyd  ther  Eesouw 
At  the  Melle,  by  fals  diffame, 

My  sylff  ther-off  am  nat  to  blame ;  10660 

But  rather  sholde,  (in  many  wyse,) 
Off  prudent  folkys  that  be  wyse, 
Eeceyve  worshepe  &  hihe  renouri, 
Lych  my  name,  callyd  Kesoviri.  10664 

'  ffor  Eesou?i,  platly,  nyhe  nor  ferre, 
By  no  falsnesse  may  nat  erre. 

The  name  off  vertu  helpeth  nouht  10667 

Vertu  voyde  out  off  the  thoulit ;       [stowe,  leaf  iss,  back] 
And  vertu  wyl  hy??i-sylff  nat  shrowde 
'Wyth  dyrknesse  off  no  mysty  cloude, 
But  shewe  hy?»,-sylff  fforth  openly  : 
My  name  ys  Resoiaw,  &  swych  am  I.'  10672 

Rude    Intendiment  :  ''  P  in  Stowe's  hand.   lOntendement  St.] 

'  Syker,'  (luo'l  rude  Eutendement, 

'  Wenystow  I  be  so  blent 

That  I  knowe  no  man«r  thyng 

Off  thy  sotyl  Argwyngi  10676 

'  I  knowe  kanvas,  I  knowe  sylk, 
I  knowe  the  flye  dreynt  in  the  mylk, 
I  knowe  A  mesour,  tt'ul  &  halff, 
1  knowe  the  kowli  &  ok  the  kalff,  10680 


Rude  Entendement  declares  Reason  did  steal  the  Corn.    298 


'  Affter  that  men  by  name  hein  calle, 
And  dyfference  off  bestys  alle. 

'  I  knowe  the  name  off  thys  &  that, 
I  knowe  an  hou?jd,  I  knowe  a  caat,  10684 

And  off  bothe  I  knowe  how, 
That  nouther  off  hem  ys  calff  nor  kow  : 
I  knowe  ther  namys  euerychon  : 

Ther  namys  &  they  ben  al  on.^  [i  aiie  oone  St.]  10688 

And  2  I  dar  seyn  wyth-oute  blame,  [''om.  st.] 

Gladly  euere,  affter  the  name 
ffolweth  the  condiciou/j. 

'  Wherfor  I  sey  thow  art  Eesou?* :  10692 

And  how  resou/i  ys  ek  thy  name, 
A  name  sclauwdryd  by  dyffame ; 
And  as  I  told  the  her-to-forn, 

'  Syth  that  Eesouw  stal  the  corn,  10696 

Than  was  the  corn  stole;^  by  the  : '      [stowe,  leaf  i89] 
Yt  may  noon  other  wyse  be. 
But  euene  lyk  as  I  the  telle. 

That  al  the  water  off  the  melle 3  [^Myiiest.]  10700 

(Wych  maketh  yt  tourne  roured  abouto,) 
May  nat  suffyse  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
To  wasshe  away  the  gret  dyffame, 
Nor  the  disclauwdre  off  thy  name. 
Thow  mayst,  by  fals  collusiouw, 
ffynde  an  excusaciou/j 
To  pntte  yt  fro  the  euerydel ; 
But  her-vp-on,  trust  me  ryht  wel,  10708 

tfor  sotylte,  nor  no  quey/etyse, 
I  vnderstonde  noon  other  wyse 
Touchyng  thy  name,  nor  neuer  shal, 
Than  I  ha  told :  lo,  her  ys  al ! '  10712 

Resown  :  *  [♦  st.,  o»».  c] 

*  By  thy  wordys,  yt  doth  sue, 
ff ul  sotylly  thow  kanst  argue ; 
And  thy  p?*emysses  for  to  make, 
fful  ffayre  exaumples  thow  kanst  take,  10716 

By  SOtyl  declaraciouns  Ratio  loquiti*/-  yionice.  St. 

To  preue  thy  conclusiouws, 
Thy?i  entent  to  bryngen  Line, 


Rude  En- 
tendement. 


and  that  dog 
and  cat  are 
not  cow  and 
calf. 


Things  are 
what  their 
names  say 
they  are. 


You  are 
Reason, 


and  you  stole 
the  Corn. 


All  the  mill- 
water  can't 
wash  the  dis- 
grace off  your 
name. 


10704    [leaf  165,  bk.] 

You  may 
make  what 
excuses  you 
like. 


but  I  say 
you  stole  the 
Com, 


ironically 
praises  the 
Churl's  argn- 
ment. 


294     Reason  asks  why  Rude  Unttnidcment  rohs  Pilgrims. 

Reinr,,,.       '  Yt  Were  ful  hard  off  tlie  to  wy?me,  10720 

Or  to  getyTi  4vaii?itage  ; 
Thow  art  so  prude/it  &  so  sage, 
And  dost  in  wysda??i  so  excelle. 
and  asUs  iiim       '  But  I  prav  the  for  to  telle,  10724 

if  his  iiiiine  is  ^      '' 

not  Rude  En-   What  vs  tliv  name,  Est  or  west, 

tendemeut.  j  j  ■> 

By  wych  tliow  art  knowe  best : 

As  I  conceyue  in  my  entent,  [stowe,  leaf  isg,  i>ack] 
Artow  nat  nule  Entendement  1 '  10728 

Rude  En-        Rude  Enteiidement :  ^  ['  st.,  om.  c] 

tendement 

Q^uod  rudentendement"  ryht  tho,     V  Rude  Entendenient  st.] 
says  tiiat         '  Tliogh  that  Hieu  me  calle  so 

tliougli  men 

call  him  so,      By  mv  name,  (what  so  they  mene,) 

he  18  not  such         J        J  '  \  ^  '/ 

astiiey  I  am  nat  swych  lyk  RS  they  WGiie ;  10732 

ffor  yt  may  pley/dy  so  befalle, 

That  so?»me  off  he?;i  that  so  me  calle, 
tj;eyajj-| ruder   Yiff  they  consydre  by  &  by, 

They  be  m6r  Eud^  tha?i  am  I,  piuidest.]  1073G 

[leaf  106]      And  mor  ek  insuifycyent 

Off  konnyng,  as  by  lugement.' 
Region.         ResoMn :  ^ 

Qiiod  resoti7i  tha?ine,  ful  sad  off  cher, 

'Touchyng  that  thow  hast  sayd"^  her,    [*seydest.]   10740 

Yt  doth  ynowh  to  me  suffyse ; 
Reason  asks     But,  I  mervcille  in  what  wyse, 

why  he  lies  '  -^       ' 

in  wait  to  rob  "Wliv  Or  wharf  Ore,  so  by  deceyt 

pilgrims  of  -^  7  ,j  ^ 

That  thow  lyggest  in  a-wayt  10744 

Vp-on  the  weyes  (yt  ys  no  faylle) 
Pylgrymes  only  to  assaylle, 
In  cytes,  borwes,  &  in  tou»s, 
their  staffs       ffor  to  reue  hem  ther  bordou?JS  :  10748 

and  scrips. 

Her  skryppes  ek  to  take  away, 
As  they  walko  by  the  way. 

'  Tel  on  platly,  &  nat  spare  ; 
Bat  thy  power  ftyrst  declare,  10752 

and  why  he        HoW  thoW  art  bold,  &  hast  no  ryht      [Slowe,  leaf  lOOJ 
tluis  (iH'ends 

Grace  Dieu.      go  toffendyn  HI  the  Slht 

Off  grace  dieu,  (as  I  ha  sayd,) 

AVych  ys,  sothly,  evele  a})ayd,  10756 

And  taketh  grctly  in  greuau?ice 


'  Because  God  ordcrd  him  to.'  Reason  shows  this  is  alterd.    295 


'  The  mane?'  off  thy  goue?'nau?Jce.' 

Rude  Entendement :  ^  Hsl.ow.c] 

*  Yiff  thow  wylt  a  whyle  dwelle, 

The  cause  pleyjdy  I  shal  telle.  10760 

111  the  gospel,  yt  ys  rad.^ 

How  the  kyng  hy//i  sylue?i  bad,^  p  radiie . .  iwidc  St.] 

'  No  man  to  bern^  out  off  hys  tou«,         [» bereu  St.] 

Nouther  skryppe  nor  bordou??.'  10764 

And  platly,  for  to  kepe  hys  lawe, 

I  wyl  nat  feynii  nor  w/_/t/i-drawe, 

But,  off  hool  entenci'ou^t, 

Be-reue  skryppe  &  ek*  bordou?j      [♦  &  ek  c,  and  St.]  10768 

ffro  pylgryines,  wher  they  passe  : 

They  gete  off  me  noon  other  grace.' 

Resoun :  ^  P  st.,  om.  c] 

*  Touchynge  thyn  oppynyou?* 

Off  the  skryppe  &  the  bordou??,  10772 

(Yiff  yt  be  clerly  co?nprehendyd,) 

Thogh  they  sojutyme  wer  dyffendyd, 

That  dyffence  ys  now  w?/t7i-drawe, 

And  they  be  suffryd  by  the  lawe,  10776 

That  pylgrymes  (nyh  &  ferre) 

In  pylgrymages  may  he??i  here, 

Hem  to  sustene  in  ther  walkyng ;  10779 

ffor  noon  vnworshepe  to  a  kyng,       [stowe,  leafioo, back] 

Thogh  som whyle,  syth  he  hath  myghte, 

ChauHge  hys  laAves  off  verray  ryht. 

'  And  cause  off  chau?igyng  (in  certeyn) 
Off  thys  lawe  I  shal  the  seyn  :  10784 

Who  that  hath  Achevyd  wel 
Hys  pylgrymage,  eue?*ydel, 

Yt  nedeth  hym  nat*5  (who  kan  se)        [Snathymst.] 
Longer  a  pylgry?;i  for  to  be.  10788 

Therfor  (tak  good  hed  to  thys  !) 
A  man  no  lenger  pylgrym  ys, 
Tha/i  he  hath  skryppe  &  bordou?i ; 
ffor  both  en  (in  conclusiouji)  10792 

Ne  serue  to  noon  dvauwtage, 
Wha?i  men  ha  don  ther  pylgrymage. 
'' '  And  Cryst  Ihe^z^  /  ys  Terme  and  Fyne  /   r-7  St.,  om.  c] 


Rude  En- 
tendement 


refers  lier  to 
tlie  King's 
command  in 
the  gospel. 


and  says  lie 
won't  stop 
taking  Pil- 
grims' scrips 
and  staves. 


Reason 


[leaf  106,  bk.] 


says  the 
Gospel  prohi- 
bition is  now 
withdrawn, 
and  pilgrims 
may  carry 
staves  to  help 
tliem  in  walk- 
ing. 


Pilgrims  are 
so  only  while 
they  have 
scrip  and 
staff. 


296  Reason  shows  that  Christ  hade  rUgrims  hear  Scrip  &  Staff. 


Q<0 


Reason. 

Christ  is  the 

foal  of  every 
'ilgrim's 
pilgrimage. 


Wlieii  tlie 
Apostles 
reacht  Him, 


[leaf  167] 


He  at  first 
forbade  them 
to  take  scrip 
or  staff. 


But  befora 
He  died. 


He  modified 
the  com- 
mand,— 


see  the  gospel 
of  St.  Luke, 

and  told 
tliem  to  take 
satchel, 
scrip  and 
staff. 


and  He'd  give 
them  food. 


'Wheeler  /  that  euery  /  goode  Pylgryme  /  10796 

Tendyth  /  in  his  pylgrymage  /  ^ 

And  who  that  hath  swych  avanwtage 

To  kome  to  \\jm,  he  may  sey  wel 

That  he  hath  endyd  euerydel  10800 

Hys  pylgrymage,  &  ffaylleth  noiiht 

To  kome  to  that  that  he  hath  souht.^     [» bought  st.] 

Thus  thapostles,  On  by  on, 

Kome  to  hy?/i  euerychon),  10804 

Travayllynge  nyht  &  day  : 

As  parfyt  pylgrymes  in  ther  way, 

By  choys  &  by  ellecciomi 

And  also  by  vocac'iou/i  10808 

They  kam  to  hy?«.,  (yt  ys  no  nay) 

And  tha?me  to  hem^  he  gan  say,    [^  hem  st.,  hym  c] 

Bad  hem,  '  in  cyte  nor  in  toww, 

Nouther  ber  skryppe  nor  bordow^'  10812 

And  they,  in  euery  mane;-  thyng,        [stowe,  leaf  i9i] 

Lowly  obeyde  hys  byddyng. 

*  But  to-forn  he  sholde  deye. 
That  precept  he  gaw  modefye  10816 

To  hys  dysciples,  (as  I  rede,) 
ffor  he  sawh  they  sholde  ha  nede, 
Affter  hys  deth,  whan  he  wer  gon ; 
Therfor  he  bad  he??i  euery chon,  10820 

Vn-to  her  protecciou?j 
To  haue  a  skryppe  &  a  bordou??. 

'  PiiflpfVi  InV  tliP  an<5nplpr      Qui  ha?;et  saccnlu/n,  tollnt,  similiterf 

ixaaetn  iuk  tne  gospeier,      ^  ^^^.^^^  ^  UKe,'-i  .-apiudo. 
Wher  the  text  ys  pleyn  &  cler :  [tsiucetst.]  10824 

He  byddeth  (who  kan  loke  wel) 
'  That  who  that  haveth  a  sachel,^  p  Sageiie  St.] 

Lat  hym  (to  hys  dyffenciou/?,) 

Take  a  skryppe  &  a  bordou?i,  10828 

And  a  staff  vp-on  to  reste, 
ffor  ye  shal  fynde  yt  for  the  beste ; 
Swych  thynges  ben  vn-to  yow  due, 
Affter  me  yiff  ye  shal  sue,  10832 

And  folwen  my  goue?-nauwce ; 
And  ye  shal  haue?2  sufFysaunce 
Off  brede,^  wherso  that  ye  be,         I*  brede  St.,  bred  c] 


Rude  Entendement  disimtes  this.    Reason  rc-ajirms  it.     297 


'  Tyl  tynie  tliat  ye  kome  to  me, 
In  your  nede  yow  to  releue.' 

'  Wher-vp-on  I  may  wel  prcue, 
That  yt  ys  at  alle  tymes 
Permyssyble  to  pylgrymes 
To  bern  A  skryppe  &  ek  a  staff; 
ffor  tlier  mayster,  lycence  hem  gaff ; 
Record  the  byble,  yiff  yt  be  souht. 

*  Wherfor,  medle  the  ryht  noulit 


10836  Reanon. 


10840 


10844 


10848 


[2  St.,  om.  C] 


Tarest^  pylgrymes  by  vyolence,    [' To  wa  Rest  st.,  leaf  loi,  back] 
ffor  they  han  ther-to  lycence, 
Mawgre  thy  malys  &  thy  myghte ; 
ffor  ther  conge  shal  off  ryht 
Lasts  to  hem  in  ther  vydge, 
Tyl  they  ha  don  her  pylgrymagc.' 
Rude  Entendement: 2 

*  The  wordys  that  thow  dost  specefye, 
Ar  but  wordys  off  mokarye  ; 
ffor  yiff  so  stood,  thys  myghty  kyng 
Hadde  dyffendyd  any  thyng 
That  he  hadde  ordeyned  or  ysayd, 
Off  the  textys^  that  thow  hast  layd, 
They  sholde  ha  be*  (who  lyst  to  look,) 
Yracyd  dene  out  off  the  book, 
Lych  vn-to  hys  ordynaurece, 
Wyth-outen  any  varyau?ice.' 

Resouw^: 

*  That  ys  nat  so,'  a-noon  q2wd  she, 

*  ffor,  off  ryht  &  equyte, 
Ech^  thyng  (shortly  for  to  ryme,) 
Muste  duely'^  haue  hys  tyme  :- 
I  dar  afferme  that  yt  ys  soth, 
What  men  seyn,  or  what  men  doth  ; — 
Consydred^  wel,  by  cler  seyng,        [» consyderyng  st.] 


Tlierefore 
it  is  ut  all 
times  permis- 
sible to  pil- 
grims to  bear 
sorip  and 
staff. 


So  don't  stop 
pilgrims, 
[leaf  167,  bk.] 


Tlieir  leave 
lasts  till  tlieir 
pilgrimage 
ends. 


Rude  i:n- 
tendemeiit 


10852     says  No. 

If  God  had 
alterd  His 
laws, 


[3TixtisSt.]    10856 
[*  be  C,  om.  St.] 


10860 

[5  St.,  om.  C] 


[6  Eche  St.] 
['  Most  duelly  St.]    1 0864 


He'd  have 
struck  em  out 
of  the  book. 


Reaunn 


disputes  this: 


things  have 
their  time. 


The  Trewe  cause  off  euery  thyng, 
Thenchesourt  &  mutaciouws. 
The  dedys  &  narraciouns 
Off  alle  thyng,  (who  loke  wel) ; 
And  cause  also  why  the  gospel 
Ys  mor  plesynge  to  the  siht — 


10868 


[Stowe,  leaf  192] 


10872 


and  then 
change. 


The  gospel 
is  more 
pleasing  to 


298         IIoiv  Obstinacy  ruind  Nalal  and  Pharaoli. 


Reason. 

tliose  wlio 

ai'iglit,  than 
to  others. 


[leaf  16^-] 


Kude  En- 
tendement. 


Rude  En- 
tendemeiit 
declares  that 
Reason  takes 
no  heed  of 
truth. 


hids  Rude 
Enteiiileiiient 
hiv  down  his 
Stair  of  Ob- 
stinacy. 


Nabal  and 
Pharaoh 


'  To  folk  that  viulerstoiido  a-ryht — 
Than  to  swych,  wych  in  ther  thouht 
Vnderstonde  ther-off  ryht  nouht ; 
Euene  lyk  (&  thus  I  mene) 
As  in  A  medwe  ffressh  &  grene, 
Wher  as  folkys  do  repayre, 
The  mor  that  ther  be  flourys  fayre, 
Lusty,  soote,  &  fressh  off  hewe, 
Spredynge  a-brood  wyth  bawme  uewe, 
ffolkys,  the  nio^  (I  dar  endyte) 
To  loke  ther-on  hem-sylff  delyte.' 

Rude  Entendement^: 
Thys  cherl,  boystous^  in  hys  entent, 
Callyd  '  Rud  Entendement,' 
ffroward  in  hys  oppynyou?i, 
Abrayde  a-non  vn-to  Resou?i, 
Cluod  he  felly,  to  ben  a-wreke, 
'  Yt  ar  but  fantasmes  that  ye  speke; 
ffor,  pleynly,  as  thynketh  me, 
'  ffalsnesse,'  ye  namen  now  bewte. 
Off  trouthe  also  (yt  ys  no  drede,) 
Ye  lyst  take  no  nianer  hede. 
Do  her-vp-on  what  awer  ye  kan, 
ffor  I  wyl  holde  that  I  be-gan.' 

ResouJ^*:  [♦  st.,  o,/,.  c] 

'  Cei'tys,'  <\uod  Eesouw,  '  a-noon  ryht  tho,  [stowe,  if.  102,  bi;,] 
Thow  ne  shalt  no  thyng  do  so ; 
But  (for  short  conclusiou?i) 

Thow  shalt  ley  thy  staff  a-dou?i ;  lOUOO 

Thow  hast  lenyd  ther-on  to  longe, 
Thorgh  oppynyou/is  ffals  &  wronge  ; 
And  folyly,  affter  thy  lust, 
Ther-in  to  myche^  set  thy  trust, 
ffor  by  thys  staff e^  (lyst  to  me,) 
In  the  byble  as  thow  mayst  se, 
Nabaal  &  kyng  Pharaou?^ 
Wer  brouht  vn-to  confus'ioun  : 
They  lynede'''  so  longe  vp-on  that  staff    ['lenede  st.] 
Wych  that  pryde  vn-to  he??;-  gaff, 
The  staff  callyd  '  obstynacye,' 


10876 


10880 


[I  more  St.] 

10884 

[2  St..  om.  C] 
P  boystous  C,  om.  St.] 


10888 


10892 


10896 


[5  inne  to  miiche  St.]    10901 
[6  staffe  St.,  Btatr  C] 


10908 


rmdc  Entendemcnt  stojU  the  Jam  from  iwriiing  Christians.  299 


'  That,  tliorgli  tlier  pompous  surquedye, 

Ther  owne  deth  (for  lak  off  grace,) 

They  dyde  AvylfuUy  purchace  ; 

ffor  they  were  pompous  &  Ellat, 

And  in  ther  hertys  indurat, 

Ek  obstynat  in  ther  entent, 

Only  for  Rud  Entendement ; 

Was  to  her  grete  dysavayl, 

The  pryncypal  off  ther  cou7isayh 
'  ffor  thys  cherl,  ffroward  &  ft'el, 

Made  he??t  for  to  be  rebel. 

And  voyden  (shortly  in  sentence) 

The  vertu  off  obedience  ; 

Ek  ouermor  (as  thow  shalt  se,) 

Yiff  Kud  Entendement  nadde  be, 

The  lewes  (in  conclusiouw) 

Hadde  lefft^  ther  oppynyoun, 
And  ther  heresyes  wyth-drawe, 
And  tournyd  hem  to  crystys  lawe  ; 
And,  in  ther  coreversiou??, 
Take  the  skryppe  &  the  bordou?j, 
And  lyk  pylgrymes  hem  gourniyd, 
And  ful  clerly  ek  dyscernyd, 
Wych  now  he  dyrked  vnder  skj-^e, 
Only  for  ther  obstynacye. 

'  That  staff,  I  rede  the  to  ley  dou?«, 
And  leff  thy  Eude  oppynyou/i ; 
And  leue  ther-on  no  mor  at  al, 
Lyst  at  the  laste  thow  haue  a  ffal.' 

Rud  Entendement : 
Q«0'i  Rud  entendement  to^  Eesou?i : 
'  Thy  proverbys,  nor  thy  sermou??,, 
Nor  al  that  eue?'e  thow  dost  me  rede, 
I  take  ther-off  no  maner  hede, 
ffor  al  thy  peynted  wordys  swete. 
My  staff  in  soth  I  wyl  nat  lete ; 
But  as  me  thynketh  for  the  beste, 
Ther-vp-on  I  wyl  me  reste, 
Wher-euere  I  walke  by  the  weye, 
And  in  ryht  noubt  to  the  obeyc. 


10912  Reiuon 


10916 


[leaf  168,  bU.] 

came  to  giief 

throiisli 

obstinacy. 


10920 


10924 


[Heme  at.]   10928 

[Stowe,  leaf  193] 


10932 


But  for  Rude 

Eiitende- 

uieiit, 

tlio  Jowa 


would  liavp 
lunid  Chris- 
tians, 


and  become 
Pilgiiius. 


10936 


10940 


[2  vnto  St.] 


Slide  En- 
tendement 


refuses  to 
be  guided 
by  Reason, 


10944 


10948 


and  defie.'i 
hei'  power. 


oOO       Reason  lids  mc  disregard  Rude  Entcndcmcni. 


[leaf  1C9] 
Reanon 


summons 
Rude  Enten- 
dement  to  the 
Assizes  at 
Doomsitiiy. 


Reason  bids 
me  go  on  uiy 
way. 


As  Rude  En- 
tendement's 
liead  is  liard- 
er  tlian  stone. 


and  all  re;i8on 
IB  lost  on 
him, 


'  Holden  mjn  owne,  as  yt  ys  ryht, 

Mawgre  thy  power  &  thy  myght.'  10952 

Resouw : 
C^uod  Eesouw ;  '  tha?aie  I  se  ful  wel. 
And  aparceyue^  euerydel,  [' apperceyveytst.j 

By  thy  wordys  llude  &  pleyn,       [Stowe,  leaf  lus,  back] 
That  yt  were  to  me  but  veyn,  10956 

Mor  to  talke  off  thys  matere 
To  the,  wych  that  lyst  nat  here,^  [»ierest.] 

N^or  accorde  to  my7i  Entent ; 

But,  at  the  grete  lugement  10960 

Wlier  tassyses^  shal  be  holde,  [» Thassyses  st.] 

Al  couert  falsenesse  to  vnfolde, 
I  somowne  the,  ther  tappere, 

To  Answere  in  thys  matere  !  10964 

Looke  tliow  be  ther,  thylkii  day, 
Wytli-oute  prolongyng  or  delay.' 

Affter  al  thys,  (as  ye  shal  se,) 
Resou?j  kam  ageyn  to  me,  10968 

And  bad  me  go  forth  on  my  way, 
And  ha  no  dred,'*  nyht  nor  day  [«aredest.] 

Off  thys  Rud  Entendenient ; 

(Resoun.) 
'  ffor  fyually,  (in  sentement,)  10972 

"Wyt/i-inne  an  hevy  styth  off  stel, 
A  ffethre  sholde  entre  as  wel 
As  any  doctryne  (yt  ys  no  dred) 
Sholde  entre  in-to  hys  hed.  10976 

*  ffor  thys  Eud  entendement 
Ys  vfyth  Rudnesse  so  yblent, 
That  dyamawnt,  I  trowe,  ys  noon, 
Kor  noon  other  mane?'  ston  10980 

So  indurat,  to  mollefye. 
As  he ;  for  ffals  obstynacye 
Hath  blendyd^  hym  by  hyr  decyt,       p  wyndede  st.] 
That  wher  he  cachcheth  a  conceyt,  10984 

Ther-vp-on  he  wyl  ay  holde, 
ffor  all  the  skylcs  that  I  tolde ; 
'Not  resoun  that  I  koude  seyn,  [stowe,  ieafi9i] 

Al  was  but  lost,  and  sayd  in  veyn ;  10988 


i 


I  lc(j  licason  to  he  my  Guide  to  Jerusalem. 

'  In  hys  Eudnesse  he  kepte  hym  cloos, 
And  wyl  nat  chau??gen  hys  purpos. 

'  Wherfor  go  forth,  &  ha  no  drede, 
!Nor  tak  off  hyv/i  no  mane?*  hede;  10992 

But  hold  thy  weye^  forth  as  blyue  ;  ['  way  St.] 

ffor,  viyili  a  clierl  to  stonde  &  stryne, 
Yt  wolde  nat  but  lyte  avaylle  : 

Lat  hym  wijiJt  liys  wyndes  saylle,  10996 

ffrowardly  ageyn  the  strem, 
Whil  thow  gost  to  lerusaleem. 
Be  ofif  \\ym  no  thyng  afferd, 

Thogh  he  shake  on  the  hys  herd ;  11000 

Lat  \\ym  gruchche,  &  mowhes  make, 
And  his  Chyn  vp-on  the  shake, 
Wexe  ek  pale  for  envye 

And  on  hys  staff  'obstynacye'  11004 

Lat  hym  reste,  &  stonde  stylle  : 
Hold  thow  thy  way  /  ay  forth  at  wylle  ! ' 

The  pylgrym. 
"Ma  dame,"  <\uod  I,  "  yt  stondeth  so, 
I  wot  nat  what  ys  best  to  do,  11008 

But  ye,  off  your  benygnyte, 
Lyst  for  to  conveye  me 
And  ben  my  guyde  vp-on  tlie  way, 
Me  to  gouerne  nyht  &  day,  11012 

Tyl  I  kome  to  tliat  cyte 
"Wych  I  caste  for  to  se. 
ffor,  w?/t/t-oute  yow,  certeyn 

My  labour  ys  nat  but  in  veyn  :    [stowe,  le^f  lot,  back]  11016 
Yt  ys  so  pe?yllous  a  passage. 
That  I  shal  ffynde  in  my  vyage 
INIany  anoyes,  mo  than  on, 

I  kan  nat  rekne  he?».  eue/-ychon ;  11020 

Pcreilles  that  on-  the  weye  lye  ;  [^in  St.] 

But  yiff  I  hadde  companye 
Off  yow,  yt  wolde  ynowh  suffyse 
Me  to  supporte  in  many  wyse."  11024 

Resouw : 
Cluod  Besou/i  tha^nie  a-noon  to  me, 
'  fful  Avel  I  myglite  gon  w//t/<  the, 


301 

[leaf  169,  bk.] 
lieasoii. 


I  am  lliere- 
fore  not  lo 
beed  him, 

but  to  go 
forth  on  my 
journey 


to  Jerusalem 
without  fear 
of  Rude  Kn- 
tendement. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  Reason 
to  lie  my 
guide, 


as  the  pas- 
siige  is  go 
dangerous. 


Reanon, 


[leaf  170] 


302  I  (JO  on  ■my  v:ay,  and  meet  a  Deimscl  feathcrd  lihc  a  Dove. 


but  cloufls 
wouUl  rise, 


ami  I  sliould 
liise  sight  of 
her. 


Slie  will  be 
with  me 
wliile  I  am 
ill  the  right 
way : 

otherwise, 
nut. 


Wlien  I  want 
her,  she'll  be 
with  ine. 


ThP.  Pilririm. 


I  priii'ced  on 
my  way, 


[leaf  170,  bk.] 


11028 


[I  vnkovithe  St.]    11033 


1103G 


'  And  nat  departe  out  off  tliy  siht 
Al  the  whyle  that  thow  gost  ryht, 
And  holdest  forth  tlie  evene  way ; 
But  offtii  sithe  (yt  ys  no  nay) 
Ther  shal  a-twen  vs  (who  espyes,) 
Aiyse  two  fful  vnkouth^  skyes, 
Wonder  blak  off  ther  colours, 
Off  smoky  mystes  efe  vapours, 
That  somwhyle,  off  dyrknesse 
And  off  the  owgly  ffoul  thyknesse, 
Off  sondry  chau?«ges  that  shal  be, 
Thow  shalt  lese  the  syht  off  me. 

'  And  somtyme,  ful  glad  off  cliere, 
Thow  shalt  se  me  ffressh  &  cler, 
Affter  the  weye  that  thow  dost  holde, 
Lyk  to-forn,  as  I  the  tolde. 
ffor  thow  holdest  the  weye  ryht, 
Thow  shalt  se  me  cler  &  brylit. 

'  And  fynally,  yiff  thow  go  wrong, 
I  wyl  me  liyden  (euere  among,)  [stowe,  leaf  lu.-)] 

Out  off  thy  syht,  &  shrowden  me 
That  thow  shalt  me  nowher  se. 

'Wherfor,  off  me  Avha/i  thow  hast  nede, 
Sek  me  no  ferther  (as  I  rede) 
Her  nor  ther,  vp-on  no  syde, 
Biit  wher  thy  sylue?*  dost  abyde. 
Yiff  thow  me  seke  ther  duely, 
Thow  shalt  me  fynde?^  ay  redy. 

*  Now,  on  thy  lourne,  forth  the  spede 
Syth  to  tarye  thow  hast  no  nede.' 

Y"    pilgrime.^  [MuStowe'shand.] 

Off  hyre  answere  I  wex  al  sad  ,2 
Yet  forth  I  wente,  as  she  me  bad,^ 
Remewynge  me'*  fro  that  place. 
Me  recomau'/Kiynge  to  hyr  grace  ; 
And  prayde  god  ful  Enterly 
Me  to  conveye  sykerly, 
Wyt/i'-outew  any  dysturbau?jce. 
And  me  to  sauen  fro  myschau?U'(', 
To  1)0  my  guydc,  &  Avysshon  me 


11040 


11044 


11048 


11052 


11056 


[3  satUle  .  .  .  batUle  St.] 
['  me  St.,  om.  C] 

llOGO 


HOG  4 


I 


Tlio  FeafJicrd,  Dove-like  Damsel  is  playing  at  hall.        803 

ffor  to  kome  to  the  cyte  to^  pugrim. 

Whyder  to  gon,  tho  I  me  caste. 

And  forth  I  wente  wonder  faste,  11068 

'W/fth  my  bordouM  in  mjn  hond ; 
Aud  in  the  weye  a-noon  I  fond  »"'!  '"fet  a 

^  ailuisel, 

A  damysele  oii  queynte  array, 

"VVych  me  mette  vp-on  the  way.  11072 

And  lyke  a  dowue  (as  though te  me)i  ['  ''^^:\,^^^!::^  "■«    f-,^';-^  "'<« 

She  was  ffetheryd  for  to  tie  ; 

And  on  her  leQ:"VS  bothe  two,  [Stowe,  leaf  1<)5.  back]  on  botli  lier 

'^^'^  legs. 

Lyk  a  dowve  she  was  also,  1 107G 

And  endownyd  soffte  &  ffayr, 

Smothe  as^  gossomer  in  the  hayr.  pasast.] 

And  trewly  (as  I  koude  espye) 

Me  sempte  thys  mayden  off  ffolye,  11080 

Now  her,  now  ther,  agejn  a  wal  siie  is  play- 

ing at  ball. 
That  she  pleyede  at  the  bal, 

Re«nynge  alway  vp  &  doim. 

And  thanne  I  hadde  affecciouw  11084 

To  wyten  pleynly  &  enquere 
Hyr  name,  and  what  slie  dyde  there. 

\Blanlc  in  MS.  and  in  St.  for  an  Illumination.^ 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Damysele,"  a-noon  ({uod  I, 

"  I  merveylle  ful  gretly"^  p  si-eteiy  st.]   11088    lasicher 

Off  your  ffethres  ffressh  &  shene,  are'teathei-a, 

What  they  tokne  or  what  they  mem; ; 
And  that  ye  ben  endowned  so 

Vp-on  your  Icggys  bothe  two  ;  11092      [leai  ni] 

ffor,  syth  tyme  that  I  was  born, 
I  sawhe  neuere  her-to-fforn 

Xoon  y ffetheryd,  saufflly*  only  ye  :  [♦sauffst.] 

ffor,  by  lyknesse,  ye  may  fie  1109G 

Wha?i  that  ye  lyst,  hih  &  lowe ; 
And  ffayn  ther-fore,  I  wolde  knowe, 
(Yiff  ye  lyst  to  specefye) 
What  your  ffetherys  sygnefye  :  1 1100   what  her 

AT  ^  n  feathers 

An(.l  your  endownyng,  vp  &  aou«,       [stowe,  leaf  iwj  mean, 

I  wolde  ther-off  ha  soni  resou?* ; 
And  or  ye  any  ferther  go. 


304  The  Fcatlicrd  Girl's  name  is  Youth,  and  she  is  shittish. 


and  wliat  her 
name  is. 
The  Featherd 
Girl,  Yout/i. 


The  PUnrim. 


I  tell  her 
she's  worth 
any  money 
tu  a  man. 


The  Featherd 
Girl.  Youth, 

says  she  does 
no  harm  to 
tlie  prudent. 


[leaf  171,  bk.] 


She  is  called 
'  Youth." 


She  winces 
like  a  wild 
colt. 


Your  name  I  wolde  wyte  also."  11104 

The  ffetherede: 

'  Certys,'  q?iod  she,  '  whan  thow  dost  knowe 

The  cause  pleynly  (hih  &  lowe) 

Wheroff  I  serue,  sotlily  in  dede  11107 

Thow  shalt  off  me  han  ful  gret  drede.'^    [■  drede  st.,  dede  c] 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Ye  ben  trewly  (as  semeth  me) 
So  ffressh  and  vnkouth  for  to  se, 
Se  lusty  ek  off  port  &  chei"e, 

That  no  man  myghte  bey?i-  to  dere,        [^hyen  st.j  11112 
Off  yow  to  han  possessiou?i : 
And  me  semeth  off  resou?j, 
(By  lyklynesse,  as  I  kan  ffel,) 

A  man  myghte  nat  loue  to  wel  11116 

Your  persone,  by  lyklyhede. 
And  as  touchynge  any  drede 
That  men  sholde  han  off  you,  certeyn. 
Me  semeth  swych  dred  wer  but  in  veyn."  11120 

The  ffetherede  : 
'  Thow  seyst  ft'ul  soth,  &  ryght  trewly  : 
Who  me  vseth  prudently. 
And  nat  outrageth  in  no  wyae, 
But  hy??^  gouerneth  lyk  the  wyse, 
Swych,  fro  pereyl  may  wel  eskape, 
And  trust  her-on,  (yt  ys  no  jape,) 
My  gouernauwce  (who  kan  espye), 
Ther-in  ys  foumie  no  ffolye ; 
And  yet  off  custom,  at  the  laste, 
In  grete^  pereyll,  ffolk  I  caste,       [' grete  st.,  gret  c] 
(As  yt  ys  fful  offte  seyn) 
And  longe  or  they  may  ryse  ageyn.  11132 

'  And  my  name  ys  ek  fful  kouthe, 
ff or  I  am  ycallyd  '  youthe ' ; 
I  passe  bothe  thorgh  thy?ine  &  tliykke, 
And  I  kan  wynse  ageyn  the  prykke,  11136 

As  wylde  coltys  in  Arras, 
Or  as  bayard  out  off  the  tras, 
Tyl  I  a  lassh  haue  olf  the  wliyppo  ; 
ffor  now  I  venne,  &  now  I  skyppe,  1 1 1 40 


11124 

[Stowe,  leaf  196,  back] 


11128 


Youth  trips,  sings,  climbs  trees,  and  amuses  herself. 


305 


11143 

['  AUe  daungerys  St.] 


11148 


'  Aiid  now  I  lepe  louy  pe^ ;  ['  merry  foot.] 

Now  I  sterte,  &  now  I  file. 

Selde  abydyng  in  0  thouht, 

Al  dauwgerous^  I  sette  at  nouht, 

Wyth  wyldenesse  I  go  to  scole ; 

Now  I  sprynge,  now  I  carole ; 

I  tryppe,  I  crye,  synge  &  dau?ice, 

And  enere  ful  off  varyauwce, 

And  fful  selde  abyde  in  On. 

I  wrastle,  &  I  caste  the  ston ; 

I  breke  bothen  hegge  &  wal, 

And  clymbe  trees ^  oueral  P  trees  St.,  tres  c]  11152 

In  gardyns  wher  the  ffrut  ys  good. 

And  who  that  euere  be  wroth  or  wood, 

I  ne  take  no  maner  hede. 

'  Sestow  nat  wel,  in  verray  dede,  11156 

By  my  ffethrys  cler  &  bryht, 
Vp-on  my  ffeet,  how  I  am  lyht, 
And  as  swyfft  (sothly  to  tel)  [stowe,  leaf  iot] 

As  whylom  was  Asael.      2  Regnm  i  CapUulo.    St.om.C.      11160 

But  the  byble  doth  vs  lere 

He  bouhte  hys  swyff tnesse  al  to  dere ; 

And  offte  sythes,  out  off  nou?«bre, 

To  gret  swyff  tnesse  doth  encou7/ibre,  11164 

As  olde  storyes  telle  kaan  ; 

ff or  bet  ys  y t,  on  wyseman  *        [*  yt  ys . .  wyse  St.,  wys  C] 

Slowh  off  ffoote,  vfijth  prudence, 

Than  ffoure  other  (in  sentence)  11168 

Lyht  off  ffoote,  wyth  hyr  ffolye, 

Wych  hem  sylue;*  kan  nat  guye, 

Nor  by  wysdom  kan  nat  werche, 

'  Wherffor  somtyme  holy  cherche  11172 

Whylom  made  an  ordynau?ice, 
That  no  man  sholde  ha  goue?'nauwce 
In  hys  bowndys  (yt  ys  no  drede) 
But  y iff  he  hadde  ff eet  off  led,  11176 

In  gret  sadnesse  to  endure. 

'  But  off  al  thys  I  do  no  cure ; 
I  wyl  be  ffethryd,  &  go  ffle, 
And  among,  go  sporte  me ;  11180 

PILGRIMAGE.  X 


starts  and 
runs, 


trips,  sings, 
dances,  and 
is  always 
changing. 


Slie  climbs 
trees  and 
steals  fruit. 


She  is  as  fleet 
as  Asahel, 


[leaf  172] 

But  one  slow 
wise  man  is 
better  than 
four  fast  fools. 


In  spite  of 
Holy  Church, 


Youth  means 
to  amuse  Uev- 
self. 


300   Youth  iilmjii  Hockey,  Dice  &  Merils,  &■  reads  Romances. 


Mil)  Youth 
plays  hockey, 


hunts,  fishes, 


shoots  at 
bezils, 
plays  at 
tnerils  (with 


at  dice  and 
hazard. 


reads  only 
ftibles, 


plays  at 
ninepins  and 
quickboard, 

hears  songs. 


[leaf  172.  bk.] 
and  is  jolly. 


Her  only  de- 
sire is  plea- 
sure, and  slie 
despises  lier 
parents' 
teaching. 


The  Pilarim, 


'  Pleye  at  the  cloos,  among,  I  shal, 
And  somwhyle  Rennyn  at  the  bal 
'Wyih  a  Staff  mad  lyk  an  hook  ; 
And  I  wyl  han  a  kampyng  crook ; 
fEor  I  desyre,  in  my  depos, 
ffor  to  han  noon  other  crpos. 

'  And  among,  I  wyl  nat  spare 
To  huute  for  hert,  ffor  buk  &  hare ; 
Somtyme  ffysshe,  &  cachche  ffoAvlys, 
And  somtyme  pleyen  at  the  bowlys  ; 
Among,  shetyn^  at  bessellys,  [>  shcten  st. 

And  affter  pleyn'^  at  the  merellys,      [stowe,  leaf  197, 
Now  at  the  dees,  in  my  yong  age,         ['  pieyeu  St.] 
Bothe  at  hassard  &  passage  ; 
Now  at  the  ches,  now  at  the  tablys, 
Kede  no  storyes  but  on  ffablys, 
On  thyng  that  ys  nat  worth  a  lek  ; 
Pleye  at  the  keyles  &  the  quek ; 
Somwhyle  my  wyttys  I  applye 
To  herii  song  &  menstralcye, 
And  pleye  on  dyuers  Instrumentys  : 
And  the  ffyn  of  myn  entent  ys 
To  folwe  the  lust  off  my  corage. 
And  to  spcndii  my  yonge  age 
In  merthe  only,  &  in  soUce, 
ffolwe  my  lustys  in  ech  pUce ; 
Ther-to  liooly  I  me  enclyne, 
Eather  than  to  han  doctryne 
Off  ffader,  modcr,  thogh  they  be  wyse, 
Al  ther  techyng  I  despyse ; 
And  in  no  thyng  ys  set  my  cure, 
But  my  lustys  to  procure.' 

The  pylgrym : 
"Trewly,"  ({uod  I  a-noon  ryht  tho, 
' '  Wolde  god  y t  stoode  so 
That  ye  wer  mevyd,  &  that  a-noon, 
To  passe  the  way  that  I  shal  gon." 

Yowthe : 
'  Whyder-ward  (tel  on,  lat  se,) 
AVyltow  holdc7i  thy  lournc  ? ' 


11184 


11188 


] 

back] 

11193 


11196 


11200 


11204 


11208 


11212 


11216 


Youth  goes  ivith  me.  Wc  see  a  Damsel  playing  with  a  Glove.  307 


The  pylgrym:  [stowe,  leafigs] 

"To  lerusalem,  the  rylite  way 
I  wyl  holde,  yiff  that  I  may."  1 1220 

Yowthe : 
Quod  yowthe,  '  ther  ys  no  mor  to  seye ; 
A  whyle  I  wyl  the  conveye.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Kan  ye  teche  me  a-noon 
The  ryhte  way  how  I  shal  gon  1 "  11224 

Yowthe : 
*  ffor  soth,'  quod  yowthe,  '  nat  ryht  wel, 
But  we  shal  faylle  neueradel ; 
ffor  we  shal  ffynde  wel  certeyn 

Som  whyht  that  shal  the  trouthe  seyw,  11228 

And  the  ryhte  weye  vs  lere.' 

And  whyl  that  we  spak  thus  yffere, 
So  as  yowthe  gan  me  conveye, 

Me  thouthe  I  sawh  a  fforkyd  weye  11232 

Party ng  at  an  heg  on  tweyne, 
Thykke  and  thornyssh  in  certeyne ; 
And  hadde  nat  the  heg  ybe, 
The  same  way,  as  senipte  me, 
By  the  which  I  sholde  ha  gon,  ,, 

Hadde  in  sothnesse  ben  but  on ; 
But  the  heg  wych  stood  atwen, 

Departyd  yt  (men  myghte  sen),  [stowe,  leaf  i98,  back]  11240 
And  the  passage  ek  devyde  : 
The  ton  was  set  on  the  ryht  syde ; 
The  tother  path  (I  gan  be-holde) 

On  the  lefft  party  gon  hokle.  11244 

And  on  the  lefft  hand  I  sawh  a-noon 
A  damysele  sytte  on  a  ston ; 
Hyr  on^  hand  on  hyr  brest  was  layd,       [loouSt.] 
And  in  the  tother  (as  I  abrayd)  11248 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 

She  held  a  gloue  vantourely,^    [=  Glove  wantonly  St.,  glove  V  . .  C] 

And  tournyd  yt  fful  ffetysly 

Aboute  hyr  ffyngres  vp  &  dou?2. 

And  shortly  in  conclusiou?*,  11252 

By  maner  off  hyr  gouernauwce 


The  Pi/grim. 


I  ask  Miss 
Youth  the 
way  to  Jeru- 
salem. 
Misa  Youth. 

She  says  we 
shall  find 
some  one  to 
tell  It  us. 


The  Pilgrim. 


We  come  to  a 
forkt  way, 
parted  by  a 
hedge. 


[St.  and  C]    11236        [leaf  173] 


one  path 
going  to  the 
right, 

and  the  other 
to  the  left. 

We  take  the 
left  road,  and 
meet  a  damsel 
sitting  on  a 
stone. 


fingering  a 
glove. 


308   We  see  a  Net-Maker  {Lahoii,r)  making  and  undoing  nets. 


The  Pilgrim. 


This  Damsel 
looks  lazy. 


At  her  right 
hand  sits  a 
Net-maker 
(Labour), 


[leaf  173,  bk.] 


who  makes 
and  unmakes 
a  net. 


Of  him  I  ask 
the  way  to 
Jerusalem, 

Net-Maker, 
Labour. 


The  PiJgrim, 


and  say  I 
want  to  cross 
tlie  great  sea. 


I  sawh,  &  by  hyr  co?itenan?ice, 

A  wo??zman  (as  by  lyklynesse) 

But  off  lytel  bysynesse,  11256 

By  hyr  labour,  ouht  to  Wynne  : 

Hyr  lyst  nat  carde  nouther  spynne, 

Nor,  to  getyn  hyr  dyspence, 

Do  no  maner  dyllygence.^  [i  off  dyiiygence  St.]  11260 

On  whos  ryht  hand  I  sawh  on  sytte 
Sobyiiy,  &  lyst  nat  fflytte, 
But  kept  hy?«  covert  in  the  shade ; 
And  olde  nattys  ageyn  he  made,  11264 

"Wych,  ffor  no  labour  wolde  spare, 
But  besy  was  hem  to  repare ; 
And  off  hy?/i  thus  stood  the  caas. 

fful  gretly  I  astonyd  was,  11268 

Thynkynge  hys  labour  was  in^  veyn  ;   [=  in  st.,  hole  in  c] 
He  made,  &  hem  vnmade  ageyn  ;       [stowe,  leaf  199] 
Wher-in  me  sempte  a  ful  gret  lak  : 
And  ffyrst  off  al,  to  hym  I  spak  :  1 1272 

The  pylgrym: 
"  My  ffrend,"  quod  I,  "  a-noon  ryht  here 
I  pray  the  that  thow  wost  me  lere 
The  beste  weye,  &  most  certeyne, 
Off  thys  like  weyes  tweyne 
Wych  that  lyen  a-f or  my  fface ; 
ffor  neuere  yet  I  dyde  pace 
By  noon  off  hem,  in  al  my  lyff ; 
Wherffor  tel  me  (&  mak  no  stryff) 
Wych  ys  the  beste  &  most  certeyn." 

The  Natte-makere : 
The  natte-makere  answerde  ageyn  : 
'  Wliyder  castes  tow  (in  thy  syht) 
ffor  to  holde  thy  weye  ryht  V  11284 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Syker,"  quod  I,  "now  herkne  me 
I  wolde  passe  the  grete  se, 
And  oversaylle  the  salte  strem. 

To  kome  vn-to  Jerusalem ;  11288 

Off  wych  cyte,  told  longe  aforn, 
The  bysshop  was  off  mayde  born." 


11276 


11280 


The  Net-Maher  says  Miss  Idleness  sends  Pilgrims  ivrong.   809 


The  Natte-makere : 

'  Trewly,  syr,  w//t/i  your  grace,    [stowe,  leaf  199,  back] 

I  sytte  no  thyng  in  thys  place  11292 

If  or  to  teche  men  the  weye ; 

Nor,  pylgrymes  to  conveye, 

Yt  ys  no  parcel  off  my  charge  ; 

But  off  thys  tweyne  weyiis  large,  11296 

As  ffolk  reporte  in  many  lond, 

That  the  weye  on  the  lefft  hond, 

Wher-as  the  damysele  doth  sytte, 

(And  ne  lyst  nat  for  to  fflytto,)  1 1300 

Ys  a  passage  ful  peryllous. 

And  to  pylgrymes  encombrous. 

And  thys  damysele  quey?ite, 

Off  malys  doth  neuere  feynto  11304 

To  calle  pylgrymes  nyht  &  day, 

To  make  \\em  go  the  same  way, 

Wher  they  do  gret  pe^-eyl  ffele, 

Be  they  armyd  neue?'e  so  wel.  11308 

'  But,  trewly,  by  myw  avys, 
Swych  pylgrymes  as  be  wys, 
They  that  ben  in  vertu  strong, 

Shal  lete  the  way  that  ly[e]th  wrong,  11312 

And  tracen  in  hyr  pylgrymage 
On  the  ryht  hand  in  ther  vyage ; 
The  wych,  fful  many  on  hath  take. 
And  affterward  hath  yt  for-sake,  11316 

Ih'ooke  thorgh  the  hegg  by  vyolencc, 
And  ther-in  don  fful  gret  offence  ; 
Toward  the  lefft  path  tournyd  bak, 
Tyl  they  ha  fallyn  on  the  wrak  11320 

Off  ffalse  guydes  :  by  the  lore 
Off  me,  her-off  thow  gest^  no  more  :  [igestst.] 

Wherso  that  thow  wy?me  or  lese, 
Off  thys  two  weyes  thow  mayst  chese.'  11324 

The  pylgrym  ./  [stowe,  ieaf2oo] 

"  Syre,  I  pray  the  off  o  thyng  : 
Touchyng  thy  labour  in-  werchyng,  ["and  st.] 

Tel  me  the  cause  (in  certeyn) 
Why  makcstow,  &  vndost  ageyn  11328 


Net-Maker, 
Labour, 


sayS  it's  not 
liis  business 
to  tell  folk 
tlie  way : 


but  the  left 
road  is  very 
dangerous. 


[leaf  174] 


and  the 
qUalnt  Dam- 
sel (Idleness's 
daughter)  al- 
ways tries  to 
make  Pil- 
grims go  that 
way. 


But  he  ad- 
vises me, 
DeGuilleville, 


to  take  the 
right-liand 
path,  tho 
many  have 


quilted  it  for 
the  left. 


I  can  choose 
one  of  the 
two. 

The  Pilgrim. 


Net-Maker, 
Labour. 


and  am  told 


310  Net- Maker  Zahour  says  Difference  of  Ranks  muU  exist. 

The  Pilgrim.   "  Thy  wcrk  SO  offtii  sythe  a  day  1 

The  semeth  trewly  (I  may  say), 

Ther-in  (who  consydreth  al,) 

Thy  wyt  ys  verray  dul  &  smal,  11332 

(As  to  my?i  oppynyou?^) 

Ydel,  thyTi  occupaciou?i : 

Yiveth  to  me  an  evydence 

To  yive  to  the  no  credence  11336 

To  no  thyng  that  thow  hast  me  sayd  ; 
[leaf  174,  bk.]   And  though  that  thow  be  euele  apayd,     [st.  and  c] 

I  shal  seyn  trouthe,  as  semeth  me  :  „ 

I  ask  why  the    Yt  WCl"  mervevl  thoW  sholdest  tlie^  ['thee  St.]    11340 

Net-Maker  "^ 

makes  and       go  symiile  a  ci'afft  on  the  to  take, 

unmakes  his  "^      ^ 

nets.  To  make  nattys,  &  vnmake  ; 

The  wyche^  crafft  (whan  al  ys  souht)     [^  which«  St.,  wych  c] 

Ys  so  pore,  yt  wynneth  nouht."  11344 

The  nat-makere : 

'  Touchyng  my  crafft,  wych  I  vse, 

To  the  I  may  me  thus  excuse : 

Thogh  yt  be  symple,  &  pore  off  name, 

Therfor  thow  sholdest  me  nat  blame  :  11348 

that  each  one  Swycli  as  I  kan,  swych  I  acheue  : 

must  work 

accordiiiRto     Thvs,  no  cause  me  to  repreue, 

his  powers.  ''    '  ^ 

JNor  to  rebuke  oft  no  noiye. 

*  Yilf  ye  aduerten  prudently,  11352 

Everyman        Eue/y  man  hatll  nat  a  fforge,  [Stowe,  leaf  200,  bk.] 

gold  crowns     Crownys  off  gold,  in  for  to  forge ; 

Nor  ffolkys  alle,^  yong  nor  old,         [« aiie  st.,  aiie  c] 

Kan  nat  the  crafft  to  chau??ge  gold;  11356 

Nor  alle  may  nat  be  lowelerys  : 

Ech  crafft  hath  hys  offycerys  : 

Nor  alle  ffolk  may  nat  noblys  telle ; 
or  sell  rubies.  Nor  alle  ffolk  may  nat  Rubyes  selle  J  11360 

ffor  ko?myng  tha«ne  wer  off  no  prys, 

Yiff  ech  man  were  alychii  wys. 
'Lerne  ek  off  me,  thys  sentence, 
There  must     Tlier  muste  be  a  dyffereuce  113G4 

be  diversity 

(Pleynly  yiff  thow  lyst  to  knowe,) 

of  rinks  and      Off  EstatyS  llih  &  loWC, 


crafts- 


And  off  crafftys  ek  also. 


Let  each  do  v:clL  Cart  &■  Plough  hear  tip  Church  cO  State.  311 


\ 


'  And  talc  also  good  heed  licrto,  1 1368 

Yiff  all  ffolk  in  a  Regioiv^ 

Hadden  On^  occupacioii?*  [loonst.] 

Ill  the  Rychest  cralft  of  alia, 

Deme  tha/me  what  sliolde  falle  :  11372 

Tha7ine  al  ylyche  (yiff  thow  tok  -  lied)    [^  take  St.] 

The  ffoot  as  good  as  ys  the  hed ; 

A  knaue  also,  by  hys  werkyng, 

Sholde  ben  Egal  w//t^  the^  kyng  ;  past.]  11376 

The  wych  (who  wysly  kan  espye,) 

!N"e  wer  no  mane/-  polycye, 

But  rather  a  confusioiui 

In  euery  manei-  Eegiou/i.  1 1 380 

'  Wherfor,  in  Townys  &  cytes, 
Lat  men  lynen  lyk  her  degres : 
Wyse  ffolk  that  kan  dyscerne, 

Lat  hem  by  wysdam  so  governe  11381 

That  no  man  ne  haue  no  wrong ; 
And  swycli  as  myghty  ben,  &  strong, 
Wt/th  myghte  lat  hem  the  iond  dyffende  ;  [Stowe,  Ieaf2ni] 
And  clerkys  to  ther  studye  entende;  11388 

And  labourerys,  lat  hem  werche  ; 
And  spyrytual  ffolk  off  the  cherche, 
Lat  ther  occupacioi:?* 

Ben  in  conte?/?placiou7i,  11392 

In  deuociou?i  &  prayere  ; 
Voyde  hevi  ffro??«  offyce  seculer ; 

Lat  hem  go  lyue  lyk  ther  bond ;  11395 

And  swyche'*  ffolk  as  tyle  the  Iond,   [♦  swytiic  St.,  swydi  c] 
Lat  he7)i  do  trewly  ther  labour, 
Bothe  in  drouht  &  ek  in  shour ; 
ffor  trewly  (yiff  I  rekne  shal) 

Carte  &  plowh,  they  ber  vp  al  [Notast,  later.]  11400 

The  clergye  &  the  cheualrye. 

'  And  overmor,  ffor  my  partye, 
Thogh  my  crafft  (in  conclusion?*) 

Be  off  no  reputaciou?z,  11404 

Swych  as  I  kan,  swych  I  ha  wrouht ; 
And  therfore  rebuke  me  nouht ; 
ffor  crafftys  vsyd  in  pouerte 


Net-Maker, 
Liiltour. 


[leaf  175] 
Otlienvise  the 
foot  were  as 
good  as  the 
head, 

a  knave  equal 
tu  the  king. 


Let  wise  men 
so ve I'll  by 
wisdom, 


clerks  study, 

labourers 
work. 


churchmen 
pray,  and  not 
do  secular 
duties. 


Let  land- 
tillers  work 
in  drought 
and  rain. 


tor  Cart  and 
Plough  bear 
up  Clergy  and 
Chivalry. 


312  As  Bust  dulls  a  Siuord,  so  Idleness,  hy  Vice,  ruins  the  Soul. 
Net-Maker,    '  Mav  nat  alle  refusvd  be  :  11408 

Labour.  "; 

1 —  Crantys  poore  be  necessarye ; 

are  needful,     ^^d  ffop  1116,  lyst  the  nat  to  tarye, 
[leaf  175,  bk.]  Eue?y  crafft  (&  thus  I  mene) 

Mut  gouenie  other,  &  sustene,  11412 

So  yt  be  don  w/yt/i-oute  slouthe, 

And  duely  ywrouht  in  trouthe ; 

And  thus  thow  shalt  my  wordys  take.  11415 

The  net  is  And  thOQfh  that  I  make  &  Vnmake,         Non  ffaclle  capUur  a  di- 

madeandun-  °  «.        /•  \  abolo,  qui  bono  vacat  ex- 

made  to  avoid   Blame  me  nat,  nor  (m  sothnesse)        erdcw  /  lerouimMs. 

I  do  yt  to  voyden  ydelnesse. 

If  Labour  'And  yiff  I,  lyk  thjn  oppynyou«, 

trades,  he'd     Koude  othei  occupaciou7i,  11420 

work  at  em, 

and  not  undo     I  wolde  vt  done,  be  Wel  Certevn.  [Stowe,  leaf  201,  back] 

his  net.  "^  '  ■'     ' 

And  nat  vnmake  thys  natte  ageyn, 
ffor  wych  thow  dost  repreue  me. 

And  her,  0  thyng  I  axe  off  the  :  11424 

Wliat  ys  the  cause  (ffer  or  ner) 
As  a  sword      That  a  swerd  burnysshed  cler, 

sometimes         ^  ■,     ■• 

rusts,  Somwhyle  rusteth,  as  thow  mayst  se, 

Leseth  hys  bryhtnesse  &  bewte?'  11428 

The  Pilgrim.         The   pylgr]^!!!  I 

"  Touchyng  thy?j  askyng,  in  certeyn, 
Me  to  answere,  yt  wer  but  weyn ; 
Thow  hast  thy  sylff  (who  kan  ffel,) 
The  cause  ytold,  pleynly  &  wel."  11432 

Net-Mai-er,       The  Natte-makeie : 

Labour. 

'  So  as  a  swerd  (I  dar  expresse,) 

Yffadyd  ys  off  hys  bryhtnesse, 

And  off  hys  clernesse  ek  also, 
so  men  rust     Whan  men  take  noon  hed  thcr-to,  11436 

But  rusteth  &  ffareth  al  amys, 

Eyght  so  a  man  that  ydel  ys, 
thro  idleness.  &  kan  \\ym  sylff  nat  occupye, 

(By  resemblau?jce  thow  mayst  espye,)  11440 

lu-to  hys^  sowle  (thus  I  be-gynne)  [i  in  thy  St.] 

The  rust  of     The  lUst  off  vyccs  or  off  synne 

vice  destroys      -^^      , 

the  bright-      Doth  a-way  (w?/t/i-oute  gesse) 

ness  of  virtue.  J    \     .>  o  / 

Off  alle 2  vertu  the  clernesse;  [2 aiie St., ai c]  11444 

But  excercysc  (in  sentence) 


How  the  World  despises  the  Poor,  and  holds  the  Rich  wise.  313 


11456 

[1  sadde . , .  cladde  St.] 


11460 


I 


'  And  contynual  dyllygence, 
Born  vp  wv/t/t  vertuous  labour, 
Ys  bet  than  any  fFoorbysshour 
Ageyn  the  rust  off  ydelnesse, 
Off  vertu  to  gyue  perfyt  clernesse.' 

The  pylgrym :  [stowe,  leaf  202] 

"Now,  gentyl  ffrend,"  a-noon  quod  I, 
"  Tel  me  thy  name  trew[e]ly, 
Wych  art  so  wys  off  answerynge  : 
Tel  on,  &  mak  no  mor  taryynge." 

The  Natte-makere : 
*  To  telle  the  trouthe  verrayly, 
Yt  befalleth  comou^dy 
(As  clerkys  wryte,  that  be  sad,^) 
Wha?i  a  man  ys  ffebly  clad,^ 
And  outward  hath  noon  apparence, 
Phylysophres  (in  ther  sentence) 
And  Ek  poetys  that  wer  wys. 
They  seyn  swych  on  ys  off  no  prys 
Nor  off  no  reputaci'oure 
Affter  the  worldys  oppynyouw. 
And  thys  comouwly  the  language 
That  thylke  ffolkys  be  most  sage, 
And  wysest  holden  (in  certeyn). 
That  be  ffressh,  &  wel  beseyn. 
And  kan  make  he??^  sylue/i  gay 
"Wyth  ryche  fforewrys  &  array, 
And  devyses  most  vnkouth, 
Swych  ffolk,  in  eue?y  ma?2hys2  mouth. 
Be  wysest  holde  in  thys  world  here. 

'  And  ouermor,  as  ye  shal  lere, 
Thogh  a  man  wer  neuere  so  wys. 
And  hadde  lernyd  at  Parys, 
Thys  thryrty  yer  at  scole  be 
In  that  noble  vnyuersyte. 
And  hadde  ful  expe?'yence 
Off  euery  wysdom  &  scyence, 
&  koude  expone?^  eue?'y  doute, 
And  wer  but  porely  clad  yyyth-onte, 
Men  wolde  deme  most  comou?ily  [st.  &c.] 


11448 


11452 


Net-MaK-er, 
Labour. 

[leaf  176] 
Work  is  the 
best  remedy 
for  the  ills  of 
Idleness. 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  ask  the 
Net-Maker 
his  name. 


Net-Maker, 
Labour, 


11464 


11468 


11471 

P  mannys  St.] 


11476 


[Stowe,  leaf  202,  back  ]    11480 


says  that 


when  a  man 
is  poorly  clad, 
he  is  little 
esteemd  j 


but  if  he  has 
rich  furs  and 
dress. 


he's  held 
wise. 


Though  a 
mail  had 
studied  at 
Paris  for 
thirty  years. 


and  could 
clear  every 
doubt. 


if  he  were 
poorly  clail 
[leaf  176,  bk.] 


314  Philosophy  left  the  Universities.  LahoiLr  supjjorts  the  State. 


Net-Maker, 
Labour, 

lie  would 
be  accounted 
a  tool. 


Philosophy 
lias  left  tlie 
universities 
and  lives  in 
cities  with 
welldrest 
folk. 


Farewell 
Knowledge, 
if  he  has  a 
bad  coat  I 


'  I  don't 
wonder  that 
you  think 
me  unwise. 


'  because  my 
clothes  are 
torn. 


•  And  yet, 
without  me, 
Adam  and 
his  ofl'spring 
had  not  been. 


'or  Noah. 


'  I  sustain  the 
wliole  state. 


[leaf  177] 


'  That  hys  wysdom  wer  ffoly,  [st.&c]  11484 

And  that  he  wer  a  fool  at  al 

By  oypynyou?*  general : 

So  they  reherse  in  ther  sentence ; 

ffor  wysdom  now,  &  sapyence,  11488 

Practyk  off  phylosofye,  [st.  jt  c] 

Off  arsmetryk  &  gemetrye, 

Off  Astronomye  &  musyk, 

And  experyence  off  physyk,  11492 

Ys  ffled  now  fro  vnyue/'sytes, 

And  dwelleth  in  borwes  &  cytes 

Wyth  folk  that  wel  arrayed  be 

At  the  eye,  as  men  may  se.  11496 

'  And  ffarwel  ko?inyng,  now  euery  day, 
Wher  ther  ys  no  ff'ressh  array  ! 
Wyt/i-oute  array,  konnyng,  farwel ! 
Wherfor  I  merveylle  neueradel  11500 

Thogh  thow  me  settyst  at  no  prys, 
Nor  thogh  thow  boldest  me  nat  wys. 
By  cause  my  ray  ys  al  to-rent. 

And  yet,  by  good  avysement,  11501 

Yiff  thow  loke  wel  aboute, 
I  am  he  (yt  ys  no  doute,) 
Who  so  lyst  to  taken  lied,) 

That  yiue  to  alle^  folk  ther  bred,      ['  aiie  st.,  aiie  c]  1 1508 
Or  shortly  (ellys  for  to  seye)      Nota.  Nota.  st.  iiater). 
They  sholde  ellys  for  hunger  deye, 
Ne  were  2  I  &  my  werchyng  ;  [» were  st.,  wer  c] 

Ye,  bothe  adam  &  hys  off-spryng.     [stowe,  leaf  203]  11512 
Hadde  I  nat  be,  (yt  ys  no  ffaylle,) 
What  myghte  the  gret  shyp  avaylle 
Off  Noe  (in  conclusiou?i) 
'Nov  al  hys  generaciou?i  ]  11516 

'  And,  ffor  to  speke  in  general, 
I  sustene  &  ber  vp  al, 
&  yt  ys  I,  ech  hour  &  space. 

That  makth  the  tyme  shortly  pace  11520 

Wyth-onte  anoy  or  perturbau?jce  ; 
ffor  I  am  he,  by  reme??ibrau/zcc, 
tSyth  adani  the  Appyl  hcct,  [c.  &  si.] 


Zahour  shotos  vie  the  right  road.    Idleness  a  pretty  Girl.     315 


[Nota  St.  ?a(er]    11532 


11536 


'  Wych  w//t7i  labour  &  \;yih  swet  [c.&st.]  11524 

Haue  youe  ffoode  &  pasture 

To  euery  levyng  creature, 

Bothe  to  best  &  ek  to  man, 

Syth^  ty me  that  the  world  be-gan       [' sytu  the  st.]   11528 

Wher-of£  I  am  no  thyng  to  blame. 

And  my  verray  rylite  name 

Ys  (wyt/i-oute  mor  sarmon) 

"  Labour  &  Occupaciouw." 

'  I  rechche  nat,  "\vha?i  al  ys  do, 
Wych  thow  me  calle  off  bothe  two ; 
And  folkys  alle  that  stonde  in  grace, 
By  me  vn-to  the  cyte  pace 
The  ryhtii  way  w?/t7i-oute  lak. 
And  for  that  Ifyrst  to  me  thow  spak. 
The  ryhte  way,^  th6  to  lere,  s}  weye,  sic/ii.soe] 

Off  thys  two  weyes  that  ben  here, 
And  I  ha  told  the  myn  avys, 
Xow  ches  the  beste,  syth  thow  art  wys.' 

The  pylgrym: 
And  tha?j  a-noon,  as  ye  shal  here,      [stowe,  leaf  aos, 
"VVhyl  we  spak  togydre  yffere, 
My  body  (for  hys  gret  plesau?ice) 
Gat  hy?/i  wyth  youthe  dcqueyntauwce, 
&  bothe,  voyded  off  dyscord, 
Wher^  yfalle  off  on  accord.  [^werest.] 

"  And  Yowthe  (off  wych  aforn  I  sayde) 
Vn-to  me  thus  gan  abrayde  : 
*  Yt  wer  syttynge  (as  semeth  me) 
And  accordynge  to  thy  degre. 
To  gon  and  getyn  aqueywtauwce, 
And,  to  haue  som  dalyau7?ce, 
The  bet  thy  sylff  ffor  to  provyde 
'Wyih  hyr  that  syt  on  the  lefft  syde, 
Thylke  damysele,  I  mene. 
Which  ys  so  goodly  on  to  sene, 
And  to  hyr  doctryne  yiue  som  feyth. 
And  thow  mayst  sen  how  that  she  leyth 
Vnder  hyr  armole,  hyr  on  hond ; 
And  (yiff  thow  kanst  wel  vndcrstond) 


Net-Maker, 
Labour. 

'  I've  always 
given  food  to 
beast  and 
mail, 

since  the 
world  began.' 


My  name  is 
'  Labour  and 
Occupation.' 


11540 


back] 

11544 


11548 


11552 


[0.  &  St.] 


11556 


11560 


•  I've  told  yon 
the  right  (and 
righthand) 
road. 


'  Choose  the 
best.' 


Miss  Youth 
tells  me  to 


[leaf  177,1)1;.] 
go  instead  to 
the  pretty 
Damsel,  Mies 
Idleness, 
on  the  left, 


316    /  ask  ])rctty  Miss  Idleness  the  vmy  to  Jerusalem. 

mss  Toiith.    '  In  the  tother  hond  (parde) 
who  has  a       A  Gloue  slie  halt,  as  thow  luavst  se.  11564 

Glove  in  one  '' 

hand.  Qq  to  hyre,  &  do  thy  cure ; 

And  I  trowe,  off  aventure, 
She'll  teach     ghe  wyl  the  teche,  &  pleynly  seyii 
fetter  than      The  weye  wych  ys  most  ceiteyii,  11568 

er.  Labour,      -Qq^  ^\^q^^  |^hyg  cherl  that  sytteth  here, 

Swart  and  owgly  off  hys  chere, 

Wych  ys  a  verray  tormentour 

To  putte  ffolkys  to  labour,  11572 

And  may  to  the  no  thyng  avaylle, 

But  vexyn  the  w?/t/i  gret  travaylle.' 
The  Pilgrim.  And  by  hys  consayl  (off  entente) 
So  I  (of  Vu-to  hyre  a-noon  I  wente  :  11576 

course)  go  •'  ' 

pretty  M?3s     And  ffyrst,  as  me  thouhte  yt  due,      [stowe,  leaf  201] 
Idleness,        j  g^^^^^  j^yj,  goodly  to  salue. 

And  she,  devoyde  off  al  dysdeyne, 

Mekly  saluede  me  ageyn.  11580 

And  alderfyrst  (shortly  to  seye) 

Humblely  I  gan  hyr  preye 

That  she  wolde,  off  coortesysye, 

Govorne  me  also,  &  guye,  11584 

and  ask  her     Teche  me,  &  sey  nat  nay, 

the  way  to 

Jerusalem.      In  my  vydge  the  ryhte  way. 

By  wych  pylgrymes  euerychon 

To  lerusalem  wer  wont  to  gon."  11588 

ifits  idienegg      The  damysele : 
says,  '  Certys,'  quod  she,  off  cher  benygne, 

'  I  ne  knowe  noon  other  sygne 

Nor  other  tookne,  in  thys  passage. 

Off  ffolk  that  gon  on  pylgrymage ;  11592 

But  I  knowe  (be  wel  certeyn) 
[leaf  178]      Yiff  I  shal  the  trouthe  seyn. 

On  hors,  on  foote,  in  general, 
•This  is  the     Tliys  the  weye  most  royal,  11 590 

way,  Callyd  the  kynges  hihe^  weye.  [' higii*  st.,  hih  c] 


And  h.ev-\vyth--d\,  I  dar  wel  seye 
Yt  ys  most  esy  off  passage 
To  ff(jlkys  old  &  yong  off  age, 
Smothc  &  pleyn,  (yt  ys  no  nay,) 


easy  and         Yt  ys  most  esy  off  passage 

smooth.  To  ffolkys  old  &  yong  off  age,  11600 


She  sJwu'S  me  the  Eighivay  to  Pleasure,  Revels  and  Games.  317 


11604 


11607 

[I  Chapel-  St.,  Chapl-  C] 
[Stowe,  leaf  204,  back] 


[» luyt  St.] 

[3  alle  St.] 
[♦RebubeSt.]    11620 


*  Aud  most  yvsyd  nyht  &  day ; 
And  by  thys  ylke  same  weye, 
Gladly  fFolkys  I  conveye, 
Swych  as  loue  p«ramours, 
To  ward  the  voode,  to  gadre  fHours, 
Soote  rosys  &  vyolettys, 
Ther-off  to  make  he?M  chapePettys, 
And  other  fflourys  to  her  plesaunce. 

'  And  in  thys  weye  I  teche  her?^  dau?«ce ; 
And  also,  ffor  ther  lady  sake, 
Endyte  lettrys,  &  songys  make 
Vp-on  the  glade  somerys  dayes, 
Balladys,  Eouwdelays,  vyrelayes, 
I  teche  hem  ek,  (lyk  ther  ententys,) 
To  pleye  on  sondry  Instrumentys, 
On  harpe,  lut,^  &  on  gyterne. 
And  to  revelle  at  taverne, 
Wyth  aP  merthe  &  mellodye, 
On  rebube*  and  on  symphonye; 
To  spende  al  the  day  in  ffablys, 
Pleye  at  the  ches,  pley  at  the  tablys. 
At  treygobet^  &  tregetrye,  ['  and  at  Treygobett  St.] 

In  karyyng  &  in  logolory :  11624 

And  to  al  swych  maner  play, 
Thys  the  verray  ryhte  way.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Trew[e]Iy,  to  my  plesau?2ce, 

ff or  your  noble  dalyauwce  11628 

I  "wolde  {off  good  entenciou??) 
Knowe  your  condycyou?? ; 
Youre  Name  also,  yiff  that  ye 
Lyst  goodly  to  telle  hem  me." 

The  damysele:  „ 

'  Yiff  thow  wylt  abyde  a  throwe,  „ 

My  name  and  al,''  thow  shalt  wel  knowe  :  [« aiie  st.,  om.  wei.] 
I  am  a  poopet,"^  in  sothnesse,  u  Poepet  St.] 

Doubter  to  Dame  Ydelnesse,  11636 

Set  her,8  by  hyr  ordynaunce.       [sherest.]  [stowe,  leaf  205] 
And  al  my  joye  &  my  plesaunce 
Ys,  by  hyr  wyl  that  her^  me  sette, 


Missldlenegf, 

'and  I  guide 
lovers  along 
.it  to  gather 
flowers, 


'  and  teach 
em  to  dance. 


11612     '  make  songs. 


11616    'play  music. 


[Stowe,  leaf  204,  back] 

[st.&c.]  11632 


'  revel  at  the 
tavern. 


'  and  play 
at  back-gam- 
mon and 
juggling.* 


The  Vilgrim. 
I  ask  her  who 


[leaf  178,  bk.] 


says  she  is 


the  daughter 
of  Idleness. 


318  Idleness  only  comhs  her  hair,  reads  Romances,  &  does  Folly. 


Miss  Idtenets 

thinks  only 
of  her  gloves 
fitting  well, 
of  combing 
her  liair. 


and  reading 
romances. 


She  cherishes 
folks'  bodies 
in  folly. 


makes  em 

filay  the  Gal- 
ant  merrily. 


[leaf  179] 


and  dresses 
them  gaily. 


The  road  to 

Pleasure  is 

broad  and 

easy; 

that  to  Duty 

narrow  and 

hard. 


*  My  glovys  streythly  on  to  sette  :  11640 

I  take  off  no-thyng  elles  hed, 

But,  offte  a  day,  kombe  myre  lied, 

Prye  ecli  hour  in  a  merour, — 

God  wot,  that  ys  most  my  labour, —  11644 

"Wake  a  nyhty.s,  slepe  a  day,  [c  &  st.] 

And  specyally  the  haly  day  „ 

I  studye  among  (thys  the  caas)  „ 

In  Elenches  off  ffallas,  11648 

Out  to  ffynde  thyuges  newe. 

To  make  ffablys  seme  trewe ; 

And,  above  al  other  thynge.s, 

On  romamicys  ffondyd  on  Icsynges,  11652 

Ther-in  ys  my  studye  most. 

'  And  I  am  ek,  in  enery  cost, 
Paramour  to  thy  body, 

Yt  to  cherysshe  in  al  ffolye.  11656 

And  wherso  that  thow  slepe  or  wake, 
Labour,  I  make  the  forsake ; 
And  by  niy  wyl  (ek  in  certeyne) 

Thow  shalt  dure ^  no  maner  peyne,        [i  endure  St.]   11660 
But  lyon,^  sewen,  &  make  a-vau7it,  P  lyen  St.] 

And  muryely  pleyen  the  Galawnt. 

'  I  make  ff  oik,  vp-on  ther  hed. 
To  were  chaplettys  off  whyht  &  red,  11664 

Pyke  her  naylles,  wernays  take, 
And  al  travaylle  to  forsake, 
Studye  ffor  to  ffynde  off  newe,  [stowe,  leaf  205,  back] 
Devyses  mad  off  many  an  hewe,  11668 

ffolk  to  make  he??i  ffressh  &  gay, 
And  hem  dysguyse  in  ther  array  : 
Thys  myn  offys,  yer  by  yere. 

'  Now  ches  a-noon,  whyl  thow  art  here,  11672 

Wyche  weye^  thow  wylt  take  ;       [» wiuche  way  St.] 
And  wherso  that  thow  slepe  or  wake, 
Thow  shalt  lerne  a  thyng  off  me  : 
Thys  same  weye  wych  thow  dost  se,  11676 

Ys  large  &  pleyn,  esy  to  pace ; 
The  tother,  streiht,  &  hard  to  trace, 
And  ffewe  ffolkys  go  thcr-by  : 


Idleness  tells  me  hoio  sharply  Penances  thorny  rods j^rick  319 


[loon  St.]    11684 


11688 


11692 


11696 


'  Thys,  mor  plesaunt  &  redy. 
Now,  sytli  tliow  hast  dyscrecioun 
]\Iak  thy  sylff  Elleccyouw.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Trew[e]ly,"  qiiod  I  a-noon, 
"  Thys  two  weyes  wer  but  on,^ 
Xe  wer  only  (as  ye  may  sen) 
Thys  ylke  heegg  that  stant  betwen. 
Wherfor  I  pray  that  ye  nat  lette, 
To  telle  who  the  heggg  her  sette." 

Ydelnesse : 
*  Touchyng  thys  heg  that  stondeth  here, 
Yt  was  maad  (yiff  thow  lyst  lere,) 
Off  a  gret  turmenteresse 
Wych  doth  to  ffolk  fful  gret  dystresse  ; 
And  she  maketh  pylgrymes  alle,        [stowe,  leaf  206] 
Penytence,  hyr  sylff  to  calle. 
Who  hath  yvyth  hyre  Aqxieyntan7ice, 
Muste  endure  gret  penauj^ce  : 
Hatlful  she  ys  off  cher  &  fface 
To  alle  that  by  thys  Aveye  pace, — 
I  mene,  the  weye  that  I  am  Inne ; — 
But  who  that  lyst  ffro  me  to  twynne, 
And  the  tother  weye  take, 
I  dar  pleynly  vndertake, 
On  leg,  on  ffoot,  on  too  &  hele, 
He  shal  fful  sharpe  thornys  ffele, 
Gret  prykyng,  I  the  ensure. 
And  sharp,  wyt7i-oute7i  al  mesure, 
ffor  they  be  sharpe,  &  no-thyng  soffte. 

*  And  thys  lady  kometh  fful  offte 
(I  mene  thys  lady  dame  PenauMoe 
Wi/tJi  whom  I  ha  noon  dcqueyntaiyzce) ; 
To  thys  heg  she  kometh  al  day, 
Maketh  yerdys,  &  goth  hyr  way, 
Besmys  also,'^  sotyl  &  queynte.  P  also  St.,  aiie  C] 

And  day  nor  nyht  she  doth  nat  ffeynte 
To  make  ay  newe  in  hyr  werkynge, 
Instrumentys  ffor  chastysynge  11716 

Off  sy»ne,  by  gret  ordynau?ice, 


11680     Hiss  Idleness. 


[St.  &  C] 


Qhoose ! 
The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  who  set 
up  tlie  liedge 
dividing  the 
two  patiis. 
Hiss  Idleness 

says  the 
hedge  be- 
tween was  set 
up  by  a 
Tormentress, 


Penitence  or 
Penance. 


11700 


11704 


11708 


11712 


[leaf  179,  blf.] 

And  all  who 
go  tliat  road 
will  be  prickt 
with  sharp 
thorns. 


This  Dame 
Penance 


daily  makes 
rods  and 
brooms  of  the 
thorns. 


320  Idleness  tells  me  to  take  the  left  road,  Moved  Virtue  the  right. 


Folk  don't 
like  this 
Dame  Pen- 
ance. 


The  Pilfffim. 


I  mean  to 
take  the  right 
path, 


but  Miss 
Youth  per- 
suades me 

to  take  the 
left. 


Peaf 180] 


Then  I  meet 
a  lady  stand- 
ing at  a  gate ; 


her  name 
is  Moral  , 
Virtue, 


and  she  bids 
me  take  the 
right  path, 

thro'  her 
gate. 


I  see  two 
post«rn 


looking  dan- 
gerous. 


So  I  leave 
both. 


*  Thys  same  lady,  Dame  Penaunce ;  [c.  &  St.] 

And  in  hyr  occupaciou/i 

ffolk  haue  but  smal  a&ecc'ioim.  „     11720 

I  ha  the  tolde  off  hyre  to-fforn, 

Off  instrumentys  that  she  hath  born), 

Off  Bysme,  off  hamer,  off  thy?iges  mo.' 

And  thanne  I  thouhte  I  wolde  go  11724 

By  the  path  &  by  the  weye  [Stowe,  leaf  206,  back] 

By  wych  the  man  gan  me  conveje, 
That  made  the  nattys  in  certeyn, 

Vnmade  &  made  hem  effte  ageyn.  11728 

And,  lyk  as  tauhte  me  my  guyde, 
I  drewh  toward  the  ryhte^  syde     ['  righte  St.,  ryht  c] 
And  in  that  weye  lyst  nat  tarye ; 
But  youthe  a-noon,  to  me  cont?-4rye,  11732 

fful  besy  was  me  ffor  ta  let- ;  I'  to  iitt«  St.] 

Seyde  the  tether  way  was  bet, 
More  ^  hawntyd,  the  passage,  ['  More  St.,  Mor  C] 

Off  ffolk  that  gon  on  pylgrymage.  11736 

And  fforth  the  same  weye  I  helde, 
Tyl  that  a-fforn  me  I  be-held,*  [♦  beheide  St.] 

Eeysed  on  hihte,  a  lytel  wal, 

Two  posternys  &  a  gate  smaP ;      [5  smai  st.,  final  c]  11740 
And  mid  the  gaate  a  lady  stood. 
That  was  bothe  ffayr  &  good, 
(I  pray  god,  ffayre^  mot  hyr  ffalle  !  [«frayrest.] 

And  vertu  moral  me?i  hyr  calle.  11744 

And  she  A-noon,  off  hyr  goodnesse, 
Off  bou?«te  and  off  gentyllesse, 
(As  she  that  Ij^st  to  be  my  guyde,) 
Bad,  I  sholde  on  the  tother  syde  11748 

Declyne  nouther  to  nor  ffro. 
But  by  the  same  gate  go 
Wher  as  she  stoode,''  lyue  ryht,     ["  stoode  St.,  stood  c] 

And  I  conceyvede  in  my  syht,  11752 

And  fful  clerly  gan  dyscerne 
On  owther  party  a  posterne, 
And  sawh  that  they  were  encou?>ibrous 
To  passe  by,  &  daungerous  :  11756 

Bothe  I  leffte  (as  was  my  ffaate). 


Moral   Virtue  tells  me  to  take  the  Eight-hand  Road.      321 


['  wliere  St.] 

11764 


[2Stowe]    11768 


And  lyne  rylit  vn-to  the  gaate 
The  weye  I  held,  by  hyr  byddynge,       [stowe,  leaf  207] 
Wher  as  she  stood  hyr  sylff  lenyng.  11760 

\_Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.^ 

The  pylgrym: 
And  lyst  slic  ffou7ide  in  me  som  lak, 
Vn-to  hyre  ryht  tlnis  I  spak  : 
"  ]\ra  dame,"  qwod  I  /  "  I  stonde  in  wher^ 
Touchynge  tliys  weyes  that  ben  her ; 
I  not  off  hem  wych  I  shal  holde." 

And  she  to  me  If  ul  goodly  tolde 
And  specyally  gan  charge  me. 
The  fforeyn  ^  posternys  ffor  to  ffle ; 

[Vertu  Moral] 
'  And  do  thy  power  and  thy  myght 
To  holde  the  weye  that  goth  ryht, 
The  weye  (I  mene)  ryht  as  lyne, 
Wher  I  stonde,  &  nat  declyne 
On  nouther  party,  nyht  nor  day. 
Also  ffer  fforth  as  thow  may.' 

She  sayd  ek,  as  I  vnderstood. 
That  '  he  ys  an  archer  good 
"Wych  Ifaylletli  nat  hy;»-sylfF  taquyte, 
Alway  the  marke  ffor  to  sniyte  ; 
And  no  man  blamen  hy»t  ne  may, 
Thogh  he  hytte  yt  nat  ahvay  : 
So  he  do  trewly  hys  deuer, 
"Wyth  hys  arme  to  smyte  yt  nor 
In  al  hys  beste  ffeythfful  wyse, 
Yt  doth  ynowh  to  \\ym  suffyse 
That  in  hys  drawyng  he  nat  ffeyne 
And  therfor  do  thy  besy  peyne 
Aforn,  thy  sylff  so  to  provyde,  „ 

Teschewe  the  weyes  that  gon  asydc  ; 
Hold  the  myd,  in  especyal. 

'  ftbr  I  am  callyd  '  vertu  moral, 
Polytyk,  &  general ' ; 
And  niy?i  oft'yce  hav-w ijih-dl 
I  contene  (as  clerkys  shewes) 
Al'^  the  pathys  to  goode  thewes,  [s  aiki  ai  St.] 

PILGRIMAGE. 


The  Pilgrim. 


11772 


11776 


11780 


[Stowe,  leaf  207, 

[C.&St.] 


11784 

back] 


11788 


11792 


I  ask  Moral 
Virtue  wliicli 
way  1  shall 
take. 


[leaf  180,  bk.] 

Moral  Virtue 

says  I  must 
keep  tlie  right 
road,  where 
slie  stamls. 


and  not  turn 
out  of  it. 


As  an  archer 
can't  always 
hit  liisniark, 


and  is  not  to 
l;e  blamed 


if  he  docs  his 
best, 


so  I  must  go 
straight, 


and  keep  the 
middle  pstli. 


My  teacher's 
name  is 
Virtue,  Moral, 
Politic,  and 
General. 

She  shows 
the  paths  to 
goodness. 


322   ^076*  am  I  to  avoid  Vices,  that  cat  like  Cankenvorms  ? 

Moral  Virtue  j^\^q  pyj-^^g  yyr^y^  ^  ther  degres ; 

wishes  to        '  And  yet  I  haue  extremytes  1179G 

get  rid  of  her 

extremities,     ("\Vho  kan  loolce  on  ech  a  syde,) 

The  wycli  I  wolde  fro  me  devyde, 

As  fferfforth  as  I  kan  or  may 

Severyn  hem,  and  caste  a-way,  11800 

ffor  cause  they  be  vycyous 

In  my  syht,  &  ryht  greuous. 

'  ii'or  thyse  extremytees,  in  soth, 

ffavn  ryht  as  a  kanker  doth,  1180-1 

[leaf  m]      I  mene  the  werm  (who  lyst  se) 
wiiich  work     That  ft'i'eteth  tlie  herte  off  a  tre, 

like  tlie  can- 

kcrworm        Aiul,  wi/Ui  liys  ffret  &  wyt/<  hys  rage, 

]Joth  to  tymher  gret  damage.  1 1 808 

Yiff  thylke  werm  (yt  ys  no  nay) 

Be  nat  the  rather  kut  away 

And  dysseveryd  ifrom  liys  place, 
tiiat  iiestroys    The  tre  SO  sorc  he  wyl  nianace  11812 

trees, 

Vp  to  the  croppe^  fro  the  route,     [' oropi>e  St.,  crop  c] 
That  affterward  ther  ys  no  hote, 
As  me?i  may  sen  in  many  tres. 
By  the  ex-  '  And  senihlaly  thextreiiiytes  11816 

treniilies,  the  ^       iv 

posterns,         Tlie  postcmys  tliat  be  rtoreyne, 

Wych  that  lien  in  noii»ibre  tweyne, 
1  haue  he?«  fro  me  put  a-way 

"\V?/t/l-OUte  flauor  or^  delay,        [^oreny  Stowe,leaf2()8]    11820 

Off  entent  that,  in  tliys  place, 
Pilgrims        Pylgrymes  noon  shal  by  hem  pace, 
if  they  want     That  wvl  oucr  the  grete  see  11823 

to  Kel  to 

Jerusaieu..       To  Jerusalem  the  cytc ;  ^l^i:Zli^J:!}'M^. 

ffor  yiff  they  wente  by  that  passage,  p^;iZ:!:^f;:iT:!- 

Yt  wer  pereyl  &  gret  damage.'  **'-  "'"•  ^'• 

The  Pilgrim.      The  pylgrym : 

"  ^la  dame,  w//tA  your  reuerence, 

I  wolde  se  som  evydence,  11828 

I  ask  how       Yiff  yt  wer  possyble,  me  to  knowe 

I'm  to  avoid  i      /i  -v  i  \ 

Clinker-like      JJy  SOU!  cxau/z^ple  (hiu  or  lowe,) 
How  thys  vyces  (som  or  alio,) 

Lyk  to  kanker,  ye  he;/i  calle."  118.32 

Vertu  moral: 


vices. 


Moral  Virtue  sliows  Jiow  Virtues  have  attendant  Vices.   323 


*  Semblably  as  dyuers  tres, 

Kankres  lian  in  ther  degres, 

Itylit  so  vertues  (douteles) 

Han  dyuers  extremytes, 

Kankres  at  outlier  ende, 

That  fFrete  on  hem  wherso  they  wende. 

'Lo,  her,  Exauw^ple  in  especyal ! 
fforce  ys  a  vertu  Cardynal, 
The  Avych  hath  a  kanker  double, 
On  outlier  party  \\ym  to  trowljle, 
To  dystroye  hym  nyht  &  day 
Yiflf  they  ne  be  nat  kut  a- way 
Wonder  pe?'yllous  to  deuyse  ; 
The  ton  ys  callyd  '  Cowardyse ' ; 
The  tother  (yitf  I  shal  expresse) 
Ycallyd  ys  '  Foolhardynesse,' 
"Wych  wyih  fforce  may  nat  abyde, 
They  be  so  ffer  set  out  asyde, 
ffer  ffro  fforce  at  two  posternys. 
But  fforce  so  wysly  \\ym  gouernys 
That  he  hath  no  thyng  a-doo 
"W//t/i  noon  of  thys  wermys  two ; 
ffor  in  myd  place  (as  I  yow  tolde) 
fforce,  off  custom  doth  hy/»,  hclde. 

'  A-nother  exau?/?ple  ye  may  se 
Touchynge  Lyberalyte, 
Wych  hath  also  (who  kan  dyscerne) 
Set  ffer  ffrom  hy?«  at  a  posterne 
The  ffalsii  werm  off  covey tyse, 
Wych  ys  ycallyd  Auaryse. 

*  The  tother  Kanker  (who  lyst  se) 
Ys  callyd  Prodygalyte ; 
And  a-twen  thys  wermys  tweyne, 
Mydde^  place  (ffor  mor  certeyne)  [•  Mycuie  st.,  Myd  c] 
Halt  hy?>^  Lyberalyte. 

Go,  red  Ethikes,  wher  thow  shalt  se  11868 

(Whan-so-euere  that  thow  ha  space) 
Vertu  set  ay  in  myd-  place,  [2 mydde  St.] 

Wher  as  they  most  clerly  shyne, 
And  many  kankres  wych  on  he///,  myne.  11872 


11836 


11840 


11844 


[Stowe,  leaf  208,  back] 


11848 


11852 


In  medio  consistit  virtus. 

11856 


11860 


itorntVirtiie, 


Vices  are  Wke 
cankers, 
at  the  ex- 
tremities of 
Virtues. 


[leaf  IKl,  bk.] 
Force  is  a 
cardinal 
virtue,  with 
two  vices. 


and  Fool- 
liardiness. 


Force  is  in 
the  middle 
place. 

Liberality 
also  has  two 
vices. 


Avarice  and 


11864     Prodigality. 


Read  Aris- 
totle's Ethics, 
and  you'll 
find  Virtue 
set  in  the 
middle. 


324  /  confess  that  I  have  gone  hy  two  wrong  roads. 


iloral  Virtue. 

Good  pil- 
^liiiiH  must 
go  the  middle 
way,   ■ 


and  avoid 
side  gates, 
[leaf  182] 


They  must 
follow  Virtue 
in  their 
youth. 


'  But  goode  pylgryiues  that  ha  grace, 
Alv/ay  by  tlie  myddys  pace ; 

Exauwiple^  otf  whom  b[y]  nyht  &  day  [' iiexaumpie  St., om.  by] 
Hold  ahvay  the  mene  way.  1187G 

Lat  moral  vertu  he  thy  giiyde ; 
file  posternys  that  stonde  a  side, 

By  wlios  pereyl  (who  takcth  hede)   [c.  &  St.]   [stowe,  leaf  200] 
Mauy  a  pylgrym  hath  he  ded.  11880 

'  And  whyl  that  youthe  (herkne  me,) 
ffressh  and  lusty  aliyt  wi/th  the, 
Yiif  the  to  vertu  ecli  hour  and  space ; 
ft'or,  whan  youthe  a-way  doth  pace  11884 

W//t//-oute  vertu  (truste  me,) 
Yt  ys  ful  hard  (who  tliat  kan  se,) 
Vertu  to  Wynne,  wha?*  youthe  ys  gon. 
Who  that  in  youthe  lyst  lerne  noon,  11888 

ffor  custoom  take  in  tendre  age, 
(As  seyn  tliys  olde  ffolkys  sage,) 
"\V//t/<-oute '^  labour  (thys  no  nay,)   poutst, ow. c] 


T/ie  Pi/ririm. 


I,  DeGuille- 
ville,  confess 
that  I  have 
gone  wrong. 


Moral  Virtue 

doesn't  won- 
der at  it,  for 
all  roads  fork, 


and  even 
Geometrians 


Ys  ful  hard  to  parte  away.' 
The  pylgrym. 

"  Ma  dame,"  quod  I,  "  so  mot  I  the, 
I  wende  sykerly  ta  be 
In  the  ryhte  weye  ywys  ; 
But,  certys,  I  ha  gon  aniys, 
ffor  I  ha  chose  (and  thus  yt  stood) 
Two  euele  weyes  ffor  on  good  : 
I  not  what  yt  may  sygnefye. 
That  I  thus  erre  thorgh  my  ffolye." 

Vertu  moral: 
*  Ha  no  merveyl  in  thy  siht ; 
flor  ther  ys  weye  noon  so  ryht 
That  yt  ne  fforketh  out  asyde 
By  many  pathys  that  yt  devyde, 
Wych  cause  ffolkys  enere  among, 
fful  otfte  sythes  to  go  wrong. 

*  And  many  on  that  thow  dost  sen, 
Ys  nat  ther-for  A  Geomctryen 
W/yt/^-In  a  compas  (ha  thys  in  mynde) 
Thogh  he  komie  out  the  centre  fynde ; 


11892 


11896 


11900 


11904 

[Stowe,  leaf  200,  back] 


11908 


Moral  Virtue  hida  mc  pray  to  find  the  rigid  way,  &  Truth.  325 


*  ffor  verrayly  (who  kan  devyse) 

Yt  ys  fou7«de  out  but  in  0^  wyse;  [Muonst.]  11912 

Yet  fFolkys  ffayllii  dyuersly 

To  ffynde  yt  out  by  geometry. 

An  Archer  eke,  in  thymine  and  thykke,  [stowe.ieuf  200,  back] 

Faylleth  soiTityme  off  the  prykke.  [st.&c]   11916 

H  Wherfore,  to  ffynde  the  ryhtii  weye,  „ 

Yt  ys  good,  to  god  to  preye.  „ 

Yet  in  prayers,  bothe  day  &  night,  „ 

The  weye  goth  uat  alway  ryht,  11920 

tfor,  bothe  in  psahnys  &  in  vers 

Ther  ben  pathys  fful  dyuers, 

And  also  ek  in  Orysou??s, 

Out  forkyd  by  entenciou«s;  11924 

As  thus  :  who  that  kan  aduerte  : 

The  mouth  dyuerseth  ffro  tlie  herte ; 

But  lierte  and  mouth  be  bothen  on  : 

By  dyuers  pathys,  in  soth,  they  gon ;  11928 

And,  (pleynly  ffor  to  specefye,) 

So?)tme  preye,  by  ypocrysye, 

Off  the  peple  to  be  seyn. 

And  ther  prayer  ys  but  in  veyn ;  11932 

So?;ime  also  preye  tfor  Rychesse, 

To  Wynne  worshepe  &  noblesse, 

Tave^  encres  &  in  worldly  glorye,     [2  c,  st.  To  iiave] 

And,  ffor  thynges  transytorye,  11936 

Worldly  honour  ffor  to  wynne, 

P?*ayer  ek  mad*^  in  dedly  synne,     p  eUe  made,  stowc,  leaf  210] 

ffor  cruelte  or  ffor  vengau?«ce, 

Or,  to  brynge  men  to  meschau?»ce  :  11940 

Swych  prayer  hath  no  deuocyou?i ; 

Yt  ys  nat  worth  a  smal  botou??, 

'  Al  thyse  ar*  pathys  fforkyd  Avrong    [♦  Aiie  tiies  am  si.] 
To  make  pylgrymes  eueramong  11944 

To  gon  Amys  in  ther  passage. 

'  And  syth  ^  thow  gost  on  pylgrymage,  [^  syth  St.,  wych  c] 
Evere  enquere,  nyht  and  day,  state  supe,- vias,  et  interrogate  de 
Tyl  thow  ha  iovmde  the  ryhte  Avay  ;  11948 

Lat,  in  thyn  askyng,  be  no  slouthe     U'  semitis  {riyhuy)  st.] 
Tyl  thow  be  brouht  vn-to  the  trouthe.' 


Moral  Virtue 

can't  find  the 
right  way  by 
geometry. 


[leaf  lS2,bk.] 


Therefore 
pray. 


Paths  are 
veiy  diverse. 


Heart  and 

Mouth  go 

dirterent 

ways. 


Some  pray  to 
he  seen  of 
men, 


or  for  money 


or  worldly 
honour. 


Such  prayer 
isn't  worth  a 
button. 


I,  ReGuille- 
ville,  must 
enquire  nitflit 
and  day,  till 
I  find  the 
right  way. 


326     /  talk  %vitli  the  S2nrit  of  Mortijication  of  the  Body. 

Ti,ej>i!i,rhiu       AncI  SO  I  gan  to  liyre  doctrj'ne 

My?i  erys  besyly  enclyne,  11952 

fi'ul  wel  avysyng  me  ryht  tlio, 
[leafiss]      By  wych  posterne  I  sliolde  go. 

And  wliyl  I  gan  be-thynke  me, 
iseeabniiy     To-foi' my  ffacc  I  dydc  SO  11956 

stietfht  on  .    ,      ,  i       i.  i 

the  cross,        A  bouy  vp  on  a  cross  dystreyneu, 

And,  as  me  tlioulite,  gretly  peyned, 
[Blank  hi  MS.  fur  an  IlJuminafum.] 

To-fforn,  a  syde,  and  at  the  bak. 
and  a  spirt  And  to  the  body  a  spyi'yt  spak,  11960 

it.  The  body  crossyd  lyk  a  roode, 

The  spyryt  in  the  weyli  stood  ; 

The  body  ek  (as  thouhte  me,) 

Myd  the  hegh,  hong  on  a  tre,  11964 

Hys  wyttys  crossyd,  as  ye  shal  here, 

Mouth,  liandys,  Eye  &  Ere;        [stowe, leaf 210, back] 

The  nase  also,  for  smellyng, 

Was  crossyd  ek.  to  my  semyng.  11968 

And  ^  on  the  spyryt  my  look  I  layde,      [•  And  St.,  An  c] 

And  to  hy«;  ryht  thus  I  sayde : 
The pitgnm.       The  pyl       Hi: 
1  ask  the         "  I  ])ray  the,  ffreiid,  tel  mo  Anoon, 

Spirit  why  ^  r       , 

he'stiiere.       Or  we  any  ferther  gon,  119/2 

What  causeth  the  to  stonden  here : 

I  am  abaysshyd  off  thy  chere, 

But  thow  (lyk  myn  affecciou/i') 

Make  a  declaracTou?^,"  1197G 
Mortiflcaiion      Mortvfycaciou?*  off  the  body : 
:         'I  am  a  pylcrrym  (soth  to  seye.) 

says  lie  IS  a  i  J   r^  J        \  J    ti 

piigrim,         That  woldo  ha  take  the  same  weye 

fful  yore  agon,  ne  haddii  be 
andhisHody    Tlivs  lord  that  liaugeth  vp  on  the  tre  :  11980 

bnmtrlit  liini  "^  i 

into  the  il'ro  the  weye  on  the  tother  syde 

wrong  way ;  '' 

[leaf  iKi,  bk.]   He  brouhte  me,  and  was  my  guyde  ; 
Me  made  (ther  ys  no  mor  to  seye,) 
Vn-to  hys  lust  ffully  tobeye,  11984 

And  Tacomplysshe  hys  byddyng 
Wv/t//-oute  gi'uchchyng  in  euery  tliyng. 
'  But  trowly  in  thys  passage 


By  help  of  Danic  Penance,  the  Spirit  eonquerd  the  Body.    327 


['  avysed  St.] 


[Stowc,  leaf  211] 


*  I  hadde  ffounLlii  grot  damage, 

Hadde  nat  the  grace  otf  god  ybe  ; 

And  therfor,  ifor  tavenge  me, 

I  ha  the  maner  wel  devysed,^ 

Wherby  that  he  ys  her  chastysed, 

Wi/tJi  ffauour  and  the  goue/-naiu«ce 

Off  a  lady  callyd  Penan^^ce, 

Wych,  wj/lh  hyr  hamer  (as  tliow  mayst  se,) 

Sniot  the  nayles  in-to  tlie  tre, 

Euene  as  I  bad  liyr  do. 

'  And  tha?ine  A-noon  lie  Avas  ago  : 
In-to  thys  beg  he  took  the  wv\e, 
And  tlius  I  made  hym  to  obeye 
To  my  plesuu?«ce  in  euery  thyiig, 
So  that  no  mater  off  wynsyng 
Ys  ffon?«de  in  hy//i  in  fiiessh  nor  bon, 
(To  seke  hys  me/Mbrys  euerychon,) 
Gruchchyng,  nor  rebellion?*, 
Nor  no  contradicciou?*.' 

The  pylgrjrm: 
Tbanne  in  the  sylui-  same  place 
He  gan  A-noon  to  tourne  hys  face, 
And  sayde  (as  ye  shal  here  and  se) 
To  the  body  vp  on  the  Tre  : 

Mortyfycaciou?*  oS  the  body : 
'  Hastow  wel  herd  what  I  ha  sayd  1 
Tel  on  !  artow  nat  wel  apayd 
Me  tobeye  Avylfully 
(As  Eesou?j  axeth  skylfully) 
Whan  so  that  me  lyst  comau?<de  1 
Answere  anoon  to  my  demaimde ! 

The  body  answereth: 
'  Certys,'  q;iiod  the  body  tho, 
'  Algate  now  yt  standeth  so, 

I  mnste,  off-  necessyte        [^otlveiTey,  Stowe,  leal'211,  b; 

Yow  obeye,  mawgre  me. 
But  yiff  I  myghte  (thys  no  lape,) 
ffrom  your  bou/^dys  wel  eskape, 
In  no  thyng  (shortly  ffor  to  seye,) 
To  yow  I  woldc  no  mor  obeye.* 


11988 


11992 


Mortification 
of  the  Body. 

for  which  lie 
naiUI  this 
Boily  on  the 
cross, 


by  help  of 
'  Lady 
Penance,' 


11996 


12000 


12004 


12008 


12012 


[St.,  om.  C] 


12016 


ack] 


12020 


12024 


ami  tMitirt'ly 
suhdia'd  it. 


Mortification 
of  the  Boil;/ 

asks  the  Body 
if  it  will  obey 
him. 


The  Body  on 
the  Cross 


[leaf  18t] 


says  it  can't 
help  itself; 


if  it  cotild, 
it  wouldn't 
obey. 


328   The  Body  must  he  suMacd  till  it  obeys  the  i^jnrit  gladly. 


The  Spirit 

declares  tlie 
body 


shall  remain 
on  the  cross 
till  it  is  ineeic 
and  liuinble. 


and  sliall 
follow  with  a 
cross  on  its 
buck, 


like  Christ, 
who  (-(ini- 
plained  not. 


[leaf  184,  bk.] 
T/ie  Pilfirim. 


I  ask  why 
the  liiidy  is 
so  bound ! 


MorHjJcafioii 
of  the  Bod,u 

says  he  was 
planted  a 
castle,  on  first 
coraini;  to 
the  country. 


The  spyryt : 

Tlia?i  quod  the  spyryt,  '  sytli  yt  ys  so, 

I  slial  the  telle  what  I  wyl  do  : 

To  kepe  me  (bothe  ffer  &  iier) 

ffroni  al  pe^yl  &  al  daiwtger  12028 

That  thow  woklest  don  to  me  : 

Thow  shalt  be  stylle  vp  on  thys  Tre 

Tyl  thow,  by  ffeythful  obeysamtce, 

Be  mek  &  humble  to  my  plesau?ice.  12032 

'  Yet  shaltow  nat  ay  her  abyde  ; 
fEor  I  shal  gon,  &  be  thy  guyde ; 
And  thow  shalt  (wv/t/i-oute  lak) 

'Wijth  a  croos  vp-on  thy  bak,  1203G 

Wyth  spyryt  off  humylyte, 
ftbhve,  &  bern  yt  affter  me, 
Off  hool  entent,  in^  al  vertu,  [Unjst.] 

That  thow  mayst  swen  cryst  ihesu,  12040 

Wych  in  hys  gospel  byt  &  seytli, 
(To  whom  men  musten  yiven  ffeyth,) 
'  He  ys  nat  worthy  (thus  seyth  he) 
Nor  hable  for  to  ffolwe  me,  12044 

The  wych,  vp  on  hys  shuldere, 
Lyst,  off  dysdeyji,  no  croos  to^  here.'       [noow.st.] 
He  bar  yt  ffyrst  hym  sylff,  certeyn, 
"VV^t/i-oute  gruchchyng  or  dysdeyn  12048 

To  shewe  exau?»ple  &  sygne  also,        [stowe,  leaf  212] 
That  aft'ter  hym  we  sholde  go 
Crossyd  off  entenciouw, 
Reme;»brynge  on  hys  passiou?j.'  12052 

The  pylgrym  to  the  spyryt : 
To  the  spyryt  tho  quod  I  : 
'*  Tel  and  declare  ffeythfully, 
What  nedede  yt  so  many  place 

To  crossen  hy/it  in  lied  &  ffacel  1205G 

I  pray  the,  teclie  me  A-noon, 
Or  we  any  llertlier  gon." 

Mortyfycaciou?i  off  the  body : 
'  Yitf  thow  kanst  vnderstonde  wel, 
To  me  Avas  youe?i  a  castel  12060 

WliaM  I  kam  ffyrst  to  thys  contrc, 


Wc  must  bar  the  W mdows  {Senses)  of  otir Bod i/af/ainst  Vices.  329 


llortificatioti 
of  the  Bodji. 


as  a  deTeiife 
a^aiiiRt  I>i8 
enemiei; 


Imt  lie  Ipff 
liis  windows 
open, 


niid  Iiifl  Toes 
woiinileU  liiin 
thru  tlivm. 


\ 


'  Off  entent  I  sliolde  be 

Eueye  tlier-in,  &  nat  gon  oute, 

Te  kepe  nie  sur^  ffro  euery  doute  [ismest]  12064 

Whyl  that  I  a  pylgrym  were, 

That  eiiniy  noon  me  sliolde  dere 

By  noon  assaut,  vp-on  no  syde, 

Yiff  I  koude  wysly  provyde  120G8 

ffor  my  sylff  on^  euery  part  {.''m  st.] 

ffro  shot  off  qiiarel,  or  cast  off  dart, 

Or  fl"ro  shetyng  off  croos  Lowes, 

Outher  at  vvyketys  or  wywdowys  12072 

Yleff  t^  Open  reklesly,  [^  vieffte  st.] 

Off  neclygence  or  fl'ooly. 

And  be  nat  dyffencyd  wel  [stowe,  leaf  212,  back]  12075 

Wyth  barrys  off  yren  nor  off  stel,  ^re"^!!^  si?;:,  c. 

Nor  yclosyd  by  good  devys, 

Overthwertyd  wyth  no  latys ; 

ffor  wych,  xnyn  Enmyes  many  tynie, 

(Bothe  at  eve  and  ek  at  p7'ime)  12080 

Whan  they  open  haue  he??t  ffou7ide, 

They  han  me  hurt  wyth  many  a  wonde, 

The  wych  fful  sore  doth  me  greue. 

'But,  off  entent  me  to  releue,  12084 

I  haue  ordeyned  (by  gret  avys) 
Barrys  oft'  yren  &  latys. 
The  ffenestrallys  to  Amende 
In  cross  wyse,  me  to  dyffende.  12088      [leanss] 

'  And  ech  pylgrym,  in  thys  world  here, 
Hadde  nede  ffor  to  lere 
The  fenestral]//.s  oft'  hys  body, 

ffor  to  crosse  hem  myghtyly,  12092 

And  hem  to  kepe  in  surete, 

'  And  no  dyffeuce  so  good  maybe, 
As  in  croos*  Avyse  (yiff  they  be  wys)     [♦acroosst.] 
To  close^  ther  wyndowes  wi/th  latys,  [^  st. closes  c]  1209G 
In  reme»ibrau/ice  (ffor  ther  goode) 
Off  hym  that  heng  vp  on  A  roode. 

'  And,  to  dyffende  vs  ffro  dau?«ger 
Lat  vs  maken  a  baner  12100 

Off  the  croos,  ffor  our  dyffeuce 


Now  lie  lias 
tlie  wiiidciws 
barred  and 
Intticed. 


And  every 
Pilgrim  inuHt 
bar  the  win- 
dows of  Ills 
body, 


111  remeni- 
braiiec  of 
Christ, 


and  make  a 
Banner  of  the 

Croai. 


Out  of  our 
body's  win- 
dows we 
must  ban? 
liiiiiners  of 
the  Cross. 


As  sliown  in 
£zekiel  ix. 
8-7. 


all  Mint  had 
the  mark  I'au 
on  their  fore- 
heads escaped 
death. 


3*30  How  Mortification  marks  his  5  Senses  with  the  rnarh  Tau. 
iinrtiflcHion   '  Ageyii  the  Jredf ul  vyulence 

of  the  Body. 

And  assaut  off  our  enmyes. 

'And  at  ecli  wyket,  ilbr  Espyes  1210-4 

At  ffeuestrall//*'  &  at  cornerys, 
Lat  be  liangen  out  banerys 
Off  tlie  croos,  and  put  liem  oute, 

Our  Enmyes  to  sette  in  doute ;  12108 

ffor  yt  ys  a  koutlie  thyng,  [stowe,  ieaf2i:!] 

Men  drede  tlie  baner  off  a  kyng ; 
As  yt  ys  Ifyguryd  wonder  wel 

In  the  book  off  Ezechyel,  12112 

The  .ix.  capytle  (who  taketli  hede),  w  i^apituU). 

Wher  openly  3'e  may  rede 

That,  by  the  tookne  off  Tav,     Memoi-umhimsu.om.c. 
The  sygne  was  off  so  gret  vertu,  121 IG 

That  they  that  hadde  yt  (yt  ys  no  drcih-.) 
Wel  enprented  in  ther  tibrhed, 
By  the  vertu  (yt  ys  no  jape) 

ffro  the  deth  they  dyde  Eskape  :  12120 

They  wer  dyffencyd  by  thylke  sygne, 
That  no  wliylit  myghte  ageyw^  hem  malygne.     ['geynst.] 

'  And,  ffor  to  kepij  thys  caste), 
I  forgete  neueradel  12124 

To  be  mor  myghty  by  vertu. 
To  marke  my  wy/idowes  w//t//  Tav, 
The  wyndowes  off  my  wyttys  tfyue, 
Ageyn  my  ffoomew  ffor  to  stryue,  12128 

That  my  tfoomen  spyrytual 
Entre  nat  by  no  ffenestrall. 

*  Now,  as  thow  lyst  me  to  comau/<de, 
I  haue  answeryd  to  thy  demau?idcj  12132 

And  my  name  (in  concIusiou?i) 
Ys  callyd  Mortificaciou?i 
Off  the  fflessh,  or  chdstysyng, 
Oppression,  or  ellys  dawntyng.  12136 

'  Ches  now,  off  thys  namys  allc, 
By  wych  that  thow  wylt  me  calle ; 
And  god  I  ivaje,  vfi/ih  al  myn  herte. 
To  granite  me  I  may  aduc'yte,  12110 

ffor  wysdom  or  ffor  ffolye, 


[leaf  185,  bk.] 
So  I,  Mortifi- 
cation, have 
my  windows, 
my  five  sens- 
es, marked 
with  Tau, 


to  keep  out 
luy  foes. 


And  my 
name  is  Mor- 
tification, 

Chastising, 
Oppression 
or  Taming  of 
tlie  Flesh. 


'  Mortifica- 
tion '  departs. 


I  weep,  and  reproach  my  Body  for  having  injured  me,  831 

Euere  that  I  may  yt  niortefye.'      [stowe,  ie.if2i:i,  back]  Thepuurim. 

Thaune  he  made  no  mor  delaj'', 
But  wente  Iforth  vp-oii  hys  way;  12144 

The  body  atfter  hyni  gan  gon, 
And  bar  hys  crocs  alway  in  on, 
And  was  with  hym  ay  Crucyffyed'.     ist.,  c.  has  a  bra)ikniif.-\ 

And  whan  I  hadde  al  thys  espyed,  12148 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.^ 
In  myn  herte  I  was  fuH  wo, 
That  I  myghte  nat  do  so 
As  oi¥  liem  I  do  reporte ; 
And  gretly  gan  me  dyscomforte  ;  12152 

The  pylgrjrm  dysconfortyd. 
And,  ffor  thys  vnkouth  woful  caas, 
fful  offte  sythe  I  seyde  '  alias ' 
Vn-to  my  sylff,  in  cu///pleyny??ge, 
Wepte,  and  gan  my?j  hondys  wrynge  ; 
And,  in  my  dedly  mortal  wo, 
Vn-to  my  sylff  I  seyde  tho  : 
"  Al  that  tliow  wendyst  ha  bo  toward, 
Ys  but  a  passage  that  goth  bakAvard. 
Thow  gost  nat  as  thow  .sholdest  do," 

And  to  my  body  I  seyde  also : 
"  Alias  !  Avliy  naddestow  ybe 
Crucefyed  vp  on  a  tre  1 
Crossyd  thy-syllf  also  be-tymes. 
To  ha  go  Iforth  w_yt/t  pylgrymes 
On  pylgrymage  1  alias  the  whyle  ! 
Thy  grete  slouthe  wyl  me  be-guyle, 
And  don  to  me  iful  gret  ofience 
Thorgh  thy  grete  neclygence, 
Wych,  yiff  I  hadde  aforn  espyed, 
Thow  sholdest  ha  be  crucefyed 

(Wyt/i-oute  mercy  or  pyte)   '^'^"'L%'*'*^""i  ^'""'"''  *''^  "^-^^  ''"* 
Vn-to  the  deth  vp-on  A  tre. 
And  born  a  croos  vp-on  thy  bak." 

And  whyl  that  I  thus  to  hy?«  spalv,  12176 

Constreyned  wijih  fful  gret  dystresse, 
Myd  ofE  al  myn  hevynesse, 
Sodeynly  (as  ye  shal  here) 


12156 


III  via  Dei  iioii  pro- 
li  &c  c' 


greili,  re; 
UeriiaiilHS. 

[C.  &  St.] 


'I.,  oi«.C. 

12161 


12^164 


12168 


12172 


I  am  greatly 
(liseoin- 
lorteii ; 


I  weep,  and 
wring  my 
liands. 


[leaf  ISO] 


and  reproach 
my  body. 


whose  siotli 
lias  beguild 
me. 


Had  I  known 

tills  sooner, 
I'd  have 
crucified  my 
body. 


332    Grace  Dicu  bids  me  subdue  my  Flesh.    I  sec  a  Wheel. 


Then  Grace 
Uieu  appeui'8. 


She  says  tlmt 
he  goes  ripflit 
who  subdues 
his  fleah, 


[IcaflSG,  bk.] 


and  does 
jienaiioe  with 
tlie  cross  on 
his  bacli ; 


while  I  ain 
slow  to  pro- 
ceed. 


My  excuse  is 
tliat  I'm  too 
weak  to  bear 
tlie  cruse. 


The  PHorim. 

1  See  a  Wheel 
in  the  way, 
which 


I  sawli  Grace  dieu  appere, 
The  wych,  in  ful  goodly  wyse 
Bad  me  that  I  sholde  aryse ; 

\_Blank  in  MS.  fur  an  Illumination.^ 
Sayde  to  me,  oft"  hyr  grace, 
'  Her  ys  noon  abydyng  place 
ffor  to  soiourne  (yt  ys  no  drede)  ; 
And  also  (yiff  thow  lyst  take  liede,) 
Thow  hast  clerly  had  a  syht 
That  thys  pylgrym  goth  most  right, 
And  moste  dydd'  hym-sylff  avaiuice 
Thet  on  liys  fflesslie  tooke  vengau?<ce, 
I  mene  liy?/i  (yifE  thow  ha  mynde) 
The  wych  vp-on  liys  bak  behynde 
Bar  hys  croos,  to  do  penaiiHce. 
But  thow,  in  al  thy  gouernau/jce, 
Art  verray  slowh,^  as  I  wel  knowe, 
That  syttest  at  the  ertlie  lowe. 
And  lyst  no  fferther  fForth  to  gon.* 

To  whom  I  answerde^  a-noon, 
Sayde,  in  al  my/i  hevynessc. 
That  yt  was  ffor  fiebylnesse, 
"  I  was  nat  off  my  wyl  at  large, 
Nor  strong  to  ber  so  gret  a  charge 
As  the  pylgry»i  off  whom  we  spak, 
Wych  bar  hys  croos  vp-on  hys  bak." 

Grace  dieu : 
*  Lefft^  vp  thyn  eye,  &  looke  wel ! 
Sestow  nat,'  <\uod  she,  '  a  whel 
Large  and  round,  &  off  gret  myght  ? ' 

And  I  a-noon  lefft  vp  my  syht, 
And  sawh  a  whel  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
By  vyolence  tourne  aboute 
Contynuelly  to-ifor  my  ff'ace, 
Myd  the  weye  I  sholde  pace. 

The  pylgrym : 
And  I  answerde,  touchyng  thys  whel, 
•'  Ma  dame,"  (\uod  I,  "  I  se  yt  wel." 

Grace  dieu : 

'  Wel,'  ^\nod  she,  '  Uiau  tak  good  hod 


Appaniit  gro<ia  dei  [Ad  Titum 
'1"  Capitiilo.  (versu  xi).     St.] 

12181 


12184 


12188 


[C.  &  St.] 


[»  Slowt)ie  St.] 


12192 


12196 


[2  answere  St.] 


12200 


[Stowc,  leaf  21.S,  back] 


12204 


[3  Lytrt  St.] 


12208 


12212 


Within  this   Wheel  is  another,  loth  revolving. 


333 


Bays  IB  a 
likeness  and 
example  to 
nie, 


to  Kuule  me 
ill  my  pil- 
grimage. 

[leaf  187] 


In  the  wheel 


is  another 
smaller  one, 


with  four 
wooden 
spokes  net  on 
a  big  axle, 


I 


'  In  flforthryng  off  tliy?i  owne  specie.  12216     Grace  pieu 

Tbys  whel  ys  (I  the  ensure) 

A  lyknesse  and  A  ffygure, 

And  pleynly  (yiff  I  slial  nat  tarye) 

Vn-to  the  an  exau???plarye,  12220 

The  to  gouerne  in  thy  vyage, 

Yiff  thow  wylt  in  thy  pylgrymage 

Be  wel  exspleyted^  (in  certeyn),  [' expieyted  St.] 

And  ellys  tliy  labour  ys  in  veyn,  12224 

Lesynge  thy  travayH  euerydel. 

*  Talc  hed,'  c\tiod  she,  *how  in  thys  whel 
Ther  ys  w?/t/<-inne  (yiff  thow  kanst  se)      [stowe,  leaf  215] 
A-nother  off"  lasse  qua?ityte,  12228 
Tornynge  contrayre  (Ijy  liys  syyt) 

To- ward  tlie  party  opposyyt ;  vecs?**  p«;-tem  oppositam.  st.,o)n.  c. 
And  off  tyniber,  wroulit  liul  clene, 
Hath  .iiij.  spookys  yt  to  sustene,  12232 

Set  vp-on  an  Extre  large, 
Off  the  sweygh  to  here  the  cliarge,' 

And  sothly  (as  I  koude  espye) 
Iladde  nat  ben  A  Boterflye  12236 

Thei"-on  tournyng  round  aboute, 
I  wolde  lia  dempte  (vv7/tA-oute  doute) 
Tournyng  ech  w//tA-Innen  other, 

That  yt  liadde  be  noon  other  12240 

But  tlie  same  sykie  whel 
Wycli  whylona  Ezechyel 
Sawh  in  hys  avysioun, 
As  hooly  wryt  maketh  menciouw.  12244 

The  pylgrym : 
And  off  thys  whel  (pleynly  to  lero), 
Off  Grace  dieu  I  gan  enrpiere, 
That  she  wolde  (in  conclusiou??,) 
Make  a  declaraciouw.  12248 

Grace  dieu: 
Q?<o(Z  grace  dieu  to  nie  Anoon, 

*  Yiff  thow  reme??ibre,  nat  yore  agon, 
How  thow  off  god  (I  the  ensure) 
Art  thymage  and  creature.'  12252 

The  pylgrym : 


each  tnming 
within  the 
other, 

such  as  K/.e- 
chiel  saw  in 
his  Vision, 
i.  15-17,  X.  10. 


The  PUnrim. 

I  ask  her  to 
tell  me  more 
alioiit  the 
Wheel. 


Gracp  Oim. 

She  reminds 
me  that  I 
was  nuide  in 
tlie  image  of 
God. 


o^4>     The  Wheel  signifies  Lust.    The  Body  hinders  the  Sjiirit. 

Thp  Pilpnm.     "  CertyS,"  qiiod  I,  "in  SubstaUWCe,        [Stowe,  leaf  iilj,  back] 

I  ha  thys  wel  in  rume;«braii7ice." 

Grace  V!eu.  GiaCB    dleU  : 

[leaf  187,  bk.]   '  CouceyuB,'  q7inil  sliG,  '  than,  in  tliy  sylit, 

Yt  niuste  fifolue,  off  verray  ryht,  12256 

As  I  had  mj'     Svtli  thow  haddest,  in  alle^  thyng,      [' aiie  St.,  aii  c] 

beginniiif?  -j     v 

from  God,       Off  hyui  oi'ygyiial  begynnyng, 

And  were  off  liy/M  (yiff  yt  be  soulit) 

In  eue/y  party  niaad  &  wronht,  12260 

I  in\i'it  re-       To  hxiii,  off  vei'i'ay  ryht  certeyn, 

turn  to  Him,  -^      '  •'      "^  "^     ' 

Thow  must  resorte  &  tourne  ageyn, 
As  by  mevj'ng  natural, 

Ageyn  to  thyn  orygynal.  12264 

*  Tak  exau??;ple  pleyn  &  cler  : 
like  a  planet     _A.s  bv  mevyug  circuler 

returns  to  ,;  j     o 

Us  starting      In  hys  toumyng  by  compasse^  [^  compace  St.] 

Ageyn  resorteth  to  hys  place  12268 

Tliat  lie  kaui  ffro  whan  he  be-gan, 

How  ffer  aboute  that  he  ran  ; 

And  Trewly,  in  no  mocyouM 

Ys  noon  so  gret  perfecciouw  12272 

The  Spirit       As  off  a  spyrvt  hv?)z  to  reloue, 

moves  1  J    J         J  ' 

BlJd"*'  "'*      -A^geyn  the  body  ffor  to  meue  ; 

The  wych  (who  loke  verrayly) 

Ys  to  the  spyryt  most  enmy  ;  12276 

todeiVu"^'  "Wych  eue/-e  ys  bysy,  day  be  day, 

To  taryen  hym  vp-on  hys'^  way,       [^  his  st.,  thys  c] 

And  (I  dar  wel  afferme  thys) 

ileketh  hy??t  offte  to  gon  amys.  12280 

And  thogh  thow  go  nat  alway  wel 

Yet  dyscounforte  the  neue?'adel ; 

Tak  eue/'e  hed,  yong  and  old,  [sto«-e,  icaf2iG] 

Off  thexau??;plc  I  ha  the  told ;  1 2284 

Vp-ou  wych,  yift'  thow  wylt  dwelle, 

Mor  clerly  I  shal  the  telle. 
The  Wheel  '  Tliys  sayde  whel  (who  kan  espye) 

si;;nities  Lust  i  p  ^  ttoo 

ofiiiebody,     That  I  off  spak,  doth  .sygneiye  1228o 

Lust  off  the  body,  in  hys  mevyng, 

Wych  clerkys  calls  (in  ther  wrytyng 
Sensuality,      ^^^nd  uame  yt)  Scnsualyte ; 


The  Spirit  is  delay d  hy  the  Body,  as  Planets  by  Retardations.  335 


'  The  wych  wyl  nat  brydled  be, 

But  ffroward  euere  in  hys  eiitent, 

Mevyng  toward  the  occydent, 

Evere  in  on,  bothe  day  &  nyht, 

'Wyih  swych  a  swegh^  &  swych  a  niyght    [^swey, 

Tliat,  wher  the  spyryt  gruchche  or  mowrne, 

He  maketh  hy»i  offte  to  retourne 

Wyt/^  liy;M  ageyn  by  vyolence, 

Mawgre  al  hys  resystence, 

Al-thogh  the  spyryt  (in  hys  entent) 

!Meueth  toward  the  oryent, 

Wych  thenys  kam.     &  yiii  he  sholde 

Thyder  ageyn,  fful  ffayn  he  wolde  : 

Toward  the  Est,  in  alle-  thyng,  [» aiie  St.,  ai  c. 

He  travaylleth  in  hys  mevyng 

Wych  (be^  my  red)  shal  neuere  tarye,         [?  by  sc. 

But  labour,  &  be  contrarye 

To  the  mevyng  ofP  the  body. 

And  contynue  vertuously 

Bexau???ple  (as  I  dyde  specefye 

To  the,)  off  the  boterflye, 

Wych  ay  ffro  the  Occident 

Tourneth  toward  tlie  orient. 

In  hys  labour  hy??i  to  quyte, 

Tyl  he  by  vertu,  lyte  and  lyte,    [stowc,  leaf  210,  back] 

So  longe  ageyn  the  whel  doth  go, 

Tyl  the  marke  that  he  kam  ffro, 

AV?/t7?  gret  labour  he  may  atteyne. 

'  And  evene  lych  (in  certeyne) 
The  planetys  alle  seuene 

Holde  her  cours  in  the"*  heuene,  [*  in  to  st.j 

Wych  trewly,  in  ther  mevynges, 
Han  fful  many  gret  lettynges 
By  sondry  retardaciowzs, 
And  be  contrayre  raocyowis, 
Or  they  may  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
Ther  cyrcuyt  go  round  aboute ; 
And  yet  ther  wyl  and  ther  entent 
Ys  ay  to-ward  the  oryent 
trro  when  they  kam,  (yt  ys  no  fable) ; 


12292 


12295 

hte  St.] 


12300 


12304 

] 


] 
12308 


12312 


12316 


12320 


12324 


[leaf  188] 
Grace  Difit. 


whicli  drags 
tlie  Spirit 
back  when  it 
moves  to  the 

East. 


The  Spirit 
alway  travels 


contrary  to 
tlie  Hotly, 


like  the 
Butterfly 
which  o;oe8 
from  West 
to  East. 


The  seven 
planets,  mov- 
ing in  the 
heavens, 


are  delayil  by 
retardations 


12328    [leaf  188,  bk.] 


in  their 
efforts  to 


33G     Of  '  Goclum  mohile,'  Epicycles,  Eccentrics,  Erratics. 


Grace  Dieu. 

return  to  the 
same  point 
from  which 
they  §et  out. 
The  Planets 
try  to  go 
Bust, 


but '  CcElnm 
mobile,"  the 
heaven, 
draws  them 
to  the  Weet. 


In  the  Epi- 
cycles they 
retrograde, 

and  80  they 

become 

stationary 


in  the  Ec- 
centrics, 
are  cald  Er- 
ratics, 

aTid  take  long 
to  complete 
their  course. 

And  as  these 
lieaveniy 
b(MlieB  are 
retarded. 


[leaf  180] 


even  so  the 
pilgrim  is 
delayd  and 
liincierd  in 
his  course, 

since  he  is 
Slicrocosm. 


PalleaSt.]    12344 


12348 


*  And  thyderward  they  be  moveable,  12332 

To  thylke  poynt  to  kome  ageyn, 

Ifro  wych  they  meuede  ft'yrst  certeyn. 

Oif  ther  cours,  thys  thentent ; 

But  the  heuene  and  the  ffyrmameut  12336 

Wych  clerkys  calle  (yifE  ye  lyst  se) 

In  latyn  Celu"'  mobile, 

Contrayre  ffro  the  Oryent, 

Diaweth  hem  to  the  Occident  12340 

'Wi/th  hys  sweygh^  (yt  ys  no  nuy,)       ['  sweyghtcst.] 

And  taryeth  liem  mor  in  A  day 

Than  they  be  mevyng  cyrculer 

May  recuryn  in  A-  yer 

Toward  the  Est  in  ther  mevyng. 

*  And  yet  they  haue  mor  lettyng, 
(Who  the  verray  trouthe  wyste,) 
ffor,  whan  they  travaylle  to  resyste 
To  the  heuene  callyd  '  mobyle,' 
In  the  Epicicles  wlmn  they  be,       [stowc,  icafiir] 
They  make  hem  retrogradyent, 

And  cause  hem  in  the  ffyrmament  12352 

Ther  tabyde  stacionarye, 
Out  otf  ther  cours  ordynarye, 
And  sette  hem  in  the  excentrykes, 
Wher  thay  be  callyd  Erratykes.  12356 

Retournyng  nat  (sliortly  to  ryme,) 
But  by  processe  oil'  long  tyme. 

'  And  sythe,  thys  bodyes  celestyal, 
In  ther  mevyng  natural,  12360 

Ben  let  thus  in  ther'^  moryou«s,         [Mette . .  her  St.] 
And  han  swych  retardacyuu/?s 
To  ben  hyndred  in  ther  labour, 

Or  they  may  han  ful  recour  12364 

To  the  place  they  kam  ffyrst  fro ; 
jMerveylle  nat  thogh  yt  be  so 
That  thow  be  let  in  thy  vyage, 

And  Encou???bryd,  in  thy  passage,  12368 

Off  RetardaciouHs  that  falle, 
Syth  'Mycrocosme,'  men  the  calle; 
And  inierocosnie  ys  a  word 


Resistance  to  Sensiiality,  and  Perseverance,  vnn  Heaven.  337 


Wych  clerkys  calle  '  the  lasse  world.' 
And  in  thy  way,  haue  in  mynde ; 
Epicicles  thow  shalt  ft'ynde, 
'  Off  Infortunyes  if ul  dyuers, 
Off  sodeyn  caas,  fful  peruers ; 
ffor  thy  lyff  (yt  ys  no  doute,) 
Ys  lyk  a  cercle  that  goth  aboute, 
Eouwd  and  swyfft  as  any  thouht, 
Wych  in  hys  course  ne  cesset^  nouht  [>  cessethe  St.] 
Yiff  he  go  ryht,  and  wel  compace 
Tyl  he  kome  to  hys  restyng  place, 
Wych  ys  in  god,  yiff  he  wel^  go  \?  wyiie  st.] 

Hys  owne  place  wych  he  kam  ffro.      [stowe,  leaf  m 
But  yet,  in  al  hys  mocyouw, 
He  hath  noon  Exenipciou?j ; 
ffor  Epicicles  (who  hath  reward) 
Make  the  offte  go  bakward 
In  thy  cours,  the  to  tarye, 
And  to  make  th^  stacyonarye, 
Excentryked,  day  be  day, 
To  make  i\\h  gon  out  off  the  way 
Westward,  vn-to  the  Occident ; 
Whan  thow  sholdest  gon  to^  thoryent,    [3  gon  to  c, 
fful  offte  sythe  thow  gost  abak. 

'  And  the  planetys  that  I  off  spak, 
Also  ek  the  Boterflye, 
Vn-to  the  Exemplefye 
To  don  thy  labour,  and  nat  ffeyne, 
And  myghtyly  thy  sylff  to  peyne 
In  thy  mevyng,  that  thow  nat  be 
Ylet  by  sensualyte, 

Wych  on  thy  way  doth  gret  g^euau?^ce, 
But  yiff  thow  haue  perseuerau7ice. 

'  Yet  in  thy  corn's  be  alway  strong : 
By  processe  off  tyme  long, 
Thow  shalt  retourne  agey?i  by  grace 
Vn-to  thy?^  owne  due  place, 
Eeste  in  god,  and  ther  abyde. 

'  Thogh  that  thow  be  set  asyde, 
Thyder  to  atteyne  soone, 

PILGRIMAGE. 


12372      Grace  Dieu. 


12376 


the  Less 
World. 


Life  is  like 
a  circle ; 


12380 


its  resting- 
place  is  ill 
12383     God: 

bk.] 


it  meets 
epicycles  that 
12388    delay  and  ec- 
centric it. 


12392    makinjfitgo 
westward, 
not  to  the 
east. 

go  St.] 


12396    The  Planets 
show  you  that 
if  you'll  not 
he  sensual 


12400    [leaf  189,  bk.] 


12404  ^^^  ^^"1  ''^^6 

perseverance. 


you  shall 
return  to 
12408    rest  in  God. 


338  The  Revolutions  of  the  Sim  &  Planets  an  example  to  man. 


Take  example 
of  the  Moon. 


The  moon 

returns  to 
his  place  in 
a  month. 


The  sun, 


Saturn, 
Jupiter. 


all  run 
their  natural 
oourse. 


Saturn  re- 
volves in 
thirty  years, 


[leaf  190] 

Jupiter  in 
twelve. 


The  PUgrim. 

I  lament 
that  I  am  so 
far  behind. 


and  may  not 
recover  one 
day  in  thirty 
years. 


1241G 

[1  vn  to  St.] 
[Stowe,  leaf  218] 

12420 


12424 


'  Tak  exau?Jiple  by  the  moone,  12412 

How  he  ys  let  ek  in  hys  way, 

Somtynie  the  space  off  A  day; 

Eut  by  hys  labour  (in  certeyn) 

He  recureth  yt  ageyn, 

Sothly  wet/(-Inne  A  moneth  space 

To  resorte  to^  hys  place. 

*  And  yiff  thow  lyst  tak  hed  her-to, 
The  so«ne  recureth  ek  also, 
By  his  nievyng  cyrculer, 
Loos  off  a  day  w/t7<-Inne  A  yer. 

'  Satourne,  that  syt  so  hyh  cmd  ffer, 
And  the  planete  lubyter, 
They  take  pacyenly-  alway  ;  [» pacyentiy  St.] 

Thogh  they  be  let  som  tyme  a  day, 
They  dysconforte  hem  neueradel, 
ffor  they  recure  ageyn  fEul  wel 
(By  pacyence  and  abydyng) 
Al  that  they  sulf re  in  ther  nievyng ; 
Ther  naturel  cours  (I  yow'^  ensure) 
Pacyently  they  muste  endure ; 
Yt  nolde  avaylle  hem  to  be  wroth  ; 
ffor  Satourn,  aboute  hys  cours  he  goth 
In  Thrytty  yer,  and  lasse  nouht ; 
And  lubiter  (yiif  yt  be  souht), 
By  hys  nievyng  cyrculer, 
Hys  cours  parfornieth  in  xij  yer ; 
They  muste  ha  ther-to  so  gret^  space      [niieitoj 
Or  they  resorte  to  ther  place.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"Ma  dame,  w«'t/i  your  grace  and  pes, 
To  me  yt  semeth  douteles. 
My  labour  may  me  nat  avaylle ; 
I  do  but  lese  my  travaylle : 
Los  off  a  day,  lyk  as  ye  seen, 
I  may  nat  recure  ageyn  ; 
I  vnderstonde,  ffer  nor  ner, 
Almost  the  space  off  thrytty  yer. 
Alias  1  I  am  to  ffer  be-hynde  :         [Stowe,  leaf  218,  back] 
What  conforte  tha7me'^  sholde  I  ffynde,      [nhanst.] 


12428 


[3  you  St.,  om.C] 

12432 


1243G 


rete  St.] 

12440 


12444 


12448 


Sensuality.     A  man  may  sin  mortally  in  a  Moment.     339 


"  So  gret^  labour  to  endure, 
My  place  ageyn  fEor  to  recure. 
Tliogh  day  be  day  (in  certeyne) 
I  dyde  dyllygence  and  peyne 
ffor  to  resorte,  yt  wyl  nat  be ; 
The  cours  off  sensualyte, 
To  my  desyr  ys  so  ffroward, 
To  make  me  to  go  bakward, 
That  by  reuoluciou?? 
My  tyme  I  lese,  and  my  sesou?* ; 
ffor,  the  mor  I  me  constreyne 
To  do  my  labour  and  my  peyne, 
The  mor  to  me  she  ys  contrayre, 
In  my  lourne  me  to  tarye ; 
And  trewly  I  kan  nat  espye 
"What  al  thys  doth  sygnefye." 

Grace  dieu: 
i^uod  grace  dieu  fful  sobyrly, 
*  I  speke  nat  off  a^  day  only, 
But  in  an  hour  (yiff  thow  kanst  se) 
Yt  may  happe  so  to  be, 
How  that  A  man  in  A  moment 
]\Iay  slen  hy??i  sylff,  off  entent 
Or  casuely,  on  se  or  lond, 
Lese  a  me??ibre,  ffoot  or  bond, 
Wych  he  shal,  peraventure, 
In  thrytty  yer,  nat  recure 
Ageyn,  so  myghte  bew  the  cas, 
To  refourme  yt  as  yt  was. 

'  And  semblably  to  be-guy?zne, 
Yiff  thow  ha  don  a  dedly  sy?aie. 
Wlieroff  the  strook  the  soule  sleyth, 
And  offte  ys  cause  off  cruel  deth ; 
ffor  swerd  ys  noon,  nor  spere,  fou7ide, 
So  pe?ylIous  to  mayme  and  wonde 
As  dedly  sy?me,  (to  rekne?i  al,) 
The  wych  ycallyd  ys  '  mortal ', 
Be-cause  hys  hurtys  ffynally 
Ben  in  effect  verray  dedly. 

'  And  yiff  thow  sle  thy-sylue?i  so 


[1  grete  St.] 


The  PUnri 


12452 


12456 


12460 


12464 


SeiiGuality 
ever  drags  me 
back. 


ponst.]  12468 


12472 

[C.  &  St.] 


12476 


12480 

[Stowe,  leaf  219] 


12484 


12488 


A  man  may 
kill  self  in 
a  moment. 

[leaf  190,  bk.] 


If  a  man  sins 
mortally, 


340 


Christ's  Sufferings  are  Salvation  to  the  Penitent. 


and  cannot 
recover  in  30 
\ears. 


he  should  not 
despair. 


Jesus  suffered 
death  to  save 
men. 


His  passion 
secures  sal- 
vation 

[leaf  191] 

to  the  peni- 
tent. 


The  Pilgrim. 

These  ex- 
amples are 
unsuited  to 
my  case. 


The  planets 
have  their 
set  times, 

and  must 
return  to 
their  first 
position. 


12492 


12496 


12500 


*  "Wft/i  dedly  synne,  as  so?nme  do, 

And  myghtest  nat  in  Thrytty  yer 

Ben  hool  and  sownd,  but  stonde  in  wher 

Touchy ng  thy  sauac'iou??, 

Yet,  as  to  \\\yn  oppynyouw, 

Thow  sholdest  nat  thy  sylff  dyspeyre, 

Thy  mortal  syknesse  to  apeyre, 

Nor  thy  sylue?j  dysconforte. 

But  inwardly  the  Eeconforte, 

And  specialy  in  0  thyng 

Thanke  ihe.5u,  that  blyssyd  kyng 

Lyst  suif re  dethe  ^  ffor  thy  sake,     f '  deth  c,  dethe  st.] 

Thy  deedly  wondys,  hool  to  make ; 

"VV^■t7t-oute  whos  dethe  ,^  I  ensure, 

Thow  myghtest  nat  to  lyff  recure,  12504 

Nor,  thy  grete  loos  (certeyn), 

Wit/i-oute  hys  dethe  ^  wy^me  ageyn ; 

ffor  hys  hooly  passioiiw 

Ys  salue  and  fful  sauacioujz 

To  ffolk  that  haven  in  constauyice^ 

Off  her  synnes  repentau?2ce ; 

ffor  penau?ice  ys  so  vertuous 

And  acceptable  to  cryst  ihesus, 

That  who  that  doth  yt  hertyly, 

Off  hys  synnes  hath  remedy.' 

The  pylgrym: 
To  grace  dieu  (\uod  I  ryht  tho,      [stowe,  leaf  219,  back] 


12508 

[2  InconsUiUMce  St.] 


12512 


"  Ma  dame,  in  soth  yt  stondeth  so, 
Your  exau??iples  by  rehersayUe 
May  to  me  fful  lyte  avaylle, 
ffor  they  be  nat  (who  looke  wel) 
Vn-to  purpos  neueradel. 

"  ffor  the  planetys  hih  in  heuene, 
In  ther  mevyng,  alle  seuene, 
How  so  they  in  her  cours  be  let, 
Yet  ther  Termys  ben  yset, 
And  ther  bouridys,  (in  certeyn,) 
What  tyme  they  shal  resorte  ageyn. 
By  terme  and^  lymytaciou/i, 
Wit/i-oute  any  transgression?? ; 


12516 


12520 


12524 


[3  and  by  St.] 


12528 


/ 


urge  that  my  Sins  ijrcvcnt  my  return  to  Innocence. 


341 


The  PUi/rim 


"  Off  ther  tyme  they  may  nat  erre, 

As  yt  ys  set,  uyli  nor  fferre, 

But  that  they  shal,  at  certeyn  space, 

Eetourne  to  her  clue  place,  12532 

At  ther  tynie,  whau-euere  yt  be. 

"But  yt  stant  nat  so  with  me, 
ISo  thyng  at  al,  off  my  retour ; 

And  cause  why,  ffor  mjn  Errour  12536 

Hath  no  lymytaciou?is ; 
ffor  I,  thorgh  my  transgressiouws, 
So  long^  tyme  ther-^xi  soiourne,  [Uongest.] 

That  I  shal  neuere  ageyn  Eetourne  12540 

To  entre  the  place  that  I  kam  ffro. 

"  Touch ynge  the  boterflye  also, 
Therby,  to  myn  oppynyou?^, 

I  ha  noon  informaciou«  12544 

As  off  hys  mevyng  on  the  whel ; 
ffor,  at  hys  lust,  (who  loke  wel) 
He  may  go  slowh,  he  may  go  lyht,      [sto\vo,io:if22o] 
He  hath  .iiij.  wynges  ffor  the  fflyht;  12548  has  t  wings. 

And  whan  he  seth  yt  may  avayllo, 
He  may  cliese,  in  hys  travaylle, 
At  hys  lust,  abyde  and  rests 

By  good  ley  ser,  ffor  the  2  best©:  [^  bis  St.]  12552 

Al  thys  consydred  prudently, 
I  dar  wel  seyn,  so  may  nat  I." 

Grace  dieu: 
'  Myn  exau/Mples,  trewly,'  quod  she, 
'  May  to  purpos  taken  be,  12556 

Yiff  thow  aduerte  wel  ther-to  ; 
ffor,  set  thys  cas, — that  yt  be  so 
That  thys  planetys,  in  her  mevyng, 
]\Iay  nat  erre  no  maner  thyng,  12560 

Nouther  ffaylle,  but  in  certeyn 
To  ther  places  retourne  ageyn 
ffro  whenys  they  kam,  On  and  alle  ; 
Yet  so??ime  off  hem,  I  sey,  may  ffalle  12564 

As  yt  be-ffyl,  the  trouthe  wyst, 
Whan  seyn  lohan  the  ewangelyst 
Sawh,  among  the  stcrrys  alle, 


But,  llini  my 


transgres- 
sions. 


I  shall  never 
return  to 
innocence. 


[leaf  191,  bk.] 


Tbc  butterfly 
on  tlie  wlieel 


and  can 
settle  wliero 
he  likes. 


I  can't. 

Gi'itce  Dieu. 
says  that. 


even  if  the 
planets  must 
return  to 
their  places, 


some  may 
fall. 


as  St.  John 
saw  one  fall 


o42     TJio  Lucifer  fall  for  ever,  llepcntance,  will  restore  rue. 


Grace  Dieu. 


from  heaven 
to  earth. 


This  Star 
was  called 
'  Absinth,' 
Wormwood 
(Rev.  viii.  10, 
11). 


signifying 
*  Lucifer, 


[leaf  192] 


He  shall 
never  return 
again  to  his 
first  position. 


But  tho  you 
fall  fi'om  the 
Firmament 
of  Faith, 


yet,  if  you 
"repent, 


'  How  On  ifrom  heuene  dyde  ffalle —  12568 

Lyk  a  brond  off  ffyr  wit/i  levene — 

Down  to  the  Erthe  ffro  the  heuene ; 

The  wyche  sterre,  I  dar  wel  seyn, 

Eetournede  neuere  yet  ageyn  12572 

Thyder  ffro  whens  he  dyde  ffalle ; 

And  '  Absintliiu??i '  men  hy??i  calls, 

Be  cause  he  doth  sygnefye, 

Thorgh  hys  pryde  and  ffals  envye,  12576 

The  bryhte  au?igel  that  ffel  so  ffer, —  [stowe,  leaf  220,  b.ick] 

I  mene  the  Au?«gel  Lucyfer — 

ffro  the  heuene  in-to  dyrknesse ; 

And  he  hath  ek  mor  bytternesse  12580 

Than  any  woormood  growyng  here. 

And,  Trewly,  yiff  thow  lyst  lere, 

That  he  whylom  (thus  stood  the  caas,) 

Bryhter  than  any  sterre  was  :  12584 

Truste  me  wel,  and  be  certeyn 

That  he  shal  neuere  Eetourne  ageyn 

To  the  place  that  he  kam  ffro. 

'  But  off  the,  yt  stant  nat  so  ;  12588 

And  ffyrst,  by  thys  exau^^ple  layd 
To  conferme  that  I  ha  sayd  : 

Thogh  thow  a-mong,  in  thy?i  e/dtent,  12591 

ffalle  douTi  ffro  the  ffyrmament  AFirmameutoFideiSt.,  owi.c. 
Off  verray  ffeyth,  dou?i  ffro  so  for 
"With  the  Angel  lucyfer. 
And  thy  ffal  and  thy  soiourn 

Were  wit/i-oute  mor  retourn,  12596 

That  thow  sholdest  ay  and  euere 
In  thy^i  errour  so  perseuere, 
And  woldest  nat  thy  sylff  avauwce, 
The  taniende^  by  repentau«ce,      [•  St.,  tamemende  C]  12600 
Thaw,  thorgh  i\\jn  erroure  and  ffolye, 
Thow  stoode  in  gret^  lupartye  [^  grete  st.] 

To  kome  ageyn  to  thy?j  degre. 

'  But  yiff  thow  woldest  amende  the,      Noiast.,  owi.c. 
And  off  herte  and  hool  entente  12605 

Eesorte  ageyn,  and  the  repente 
Off  al  that  eue/'c  thow  hast  mysdo. 


/  mitst  rest  on  the  IVlieel,  and  climb  aloft  ujj  its  Sjjokes.     843 

'Thow  sholdest  neutve  haue  erryd  so,  12608    Graet-oieu. 

But  that  thow  sholdest  (truste  mc) 

fful  wel  ageyn  recey ved  be ; 

And  with  al  thys,  only  by  grace,         [stowe,  ieaf22i] 

Eestoryd  to  thy  ffyrstti  place  :  12612 

Ther-to  thow  sholdest  ha  no  let, 

Thy  tenne,  thy  ^  bou?idys,  ben  so  set,       ['  and  st.] 

And  markys  ftbr  thy  savacyou??. 

Only  by  crystys  passions  :  12616 

Truste  me  wel,  and  thus  yt  ys. 

They  wyl  nat  suffre  the  gon  Amys, 

"\Yhyl  thow  the  boldest  by  resou?ii 

Wyth-Inne  thy  lyniytaciou??.,  12620 


you  shall 
be  I'eceivd 
^igaiit. 

You  sliall  be 
restored  to 
your  first 
place, 


[leaflM,  bk.] 


anil  not  go 
amiss. 


Nat  to  Erryn,  nyh^  nor  ffer  j 
But  so  ne  may  nat  lucyfer, 
ffoi'  he  muste  abyde  and  dwelle 
Wit/i-oute  Eetoume,  styH  in  belle  ; 
He  may  haue  noon  other  grau/jt. 
And  thys  Exau?Mple  ys  sufl:ysau72-t 
Off  the  planetys  told  off  me. 
In  thy  passage  tenforme?^  the. 

'  And  fferther-more,  the  to  guyo 
Touchynge  also  the  boterflye. 
Off  wych  Exan»iple,  in  thyn  Avys, 
Thow  settyst  ther-off  but  lytel  prys  ; 
But  yiff  thy  wyt,  off  Resou?i  seth, 
The  .iiij.  wynges  with  wych  he  llieth, 
And  hys  ffeet  ek  (tak  had  ther-to) 
Make  hym  on  the  whel  to  go 
At  leyser,  hy7)i  sylff  to  spede. 
By  wych  exau??«ple  (as  I  rede) 
Thow  shalt  by?)?  folwe  in  sondry  wyse  j 
And  ffyrst  off  alle;',  the  avyse 
How  thys  whel  hath  (yt  ys  no  doute,) 
.iiij.^  spokys  strechchyd  out©, 
Vp-ou  wych,  ft'or  thy  beste, 
Thow  mayst  wel  thyn  sylue?2  resto, 
And  by  ese,  soffte  and  soffte 
Clyinben  tyl  thow  kome  aloffte. 

'  Thys  spokys  .iiij.^  off  most  vertu 


[-  nyht  C,  nygUe  St.] 


Lucifer  must 
ever  remain 
in  hell. 


12624 


12628 


12632 


12636 


As  to  tlie 
Bultcrlly 


witli  i  wings. 


he  rests  on 
the  wheel, 
and  is  carried 
ou. 


12640 


P  Foure  St.] 
[Stowe,  leaf  221,  back] 

12643 

[*  Foure  St.] 


Concerning 
the  wheel 
with  t 
spokes. 


you  can  rest 
CM  it, 
and  cliinb 
aloft. 


344-    Fm  to  hole  to  the  4  ixirts  of  Christ's  Cross.    Miss  Youth. 


Tliese  4 
spokes  are 
in  Clirist's 
crosB. 


[leaf  193] 

Ezekiel  saw  a 
Wlieel 
(ix.  14) 


with  1  faces, 


typifying 
4  helps  in 
Christ's  cross 

to  aid  you 
on  your 
journey. 


As  long  as 
you  look  to 
the  4  parts 
of  the  Cross, 
you'll  get  on. 


'  Ben  in  the  croos  off  cryst  ihesu,  12G48 

The  wyche^  ben  yset  ffnl  wel       ['  wycii  c,  winche  St.] 

Wzt//.-Inne  in  the  myddel  whel, 

Off  wyche,  w?'t/i  hys  eyen  bryhte, 

Ezechiel  hadde  a  syhte  :  12652 

Hys  prophesye  doth  vs  lere, 

To  hy??t  a  whel  ther  dyde  appere, 

Wych  hym  thouhte  (in  sondry  placys) 

By  semyng  hadde  .iiij.^  ffacys,  [^Fourest.]  12656 

ffor  to  shewyn  in  ffygure 

Auctorysed  by  scrypture 

(Yiff  thow  lyst  to  haue  in  mywde) 

.iiij.^  helpys  thow  mayst  fynde  pFourest.]  12660 

In  crystys  cros,  (yiff  thow  take  hede,) 

In  thy  lourne  the  to  spede ; 

Wych  .iiij.  shal  th^*  solace,  [*  Fom-e  the  shalle  «.] 


The  PUgrhn. 


Grace  Dieu 
departs. 


'Youth 'tells 
me  I'm  a  fool, 
and  mad  to 
believe  every 
tale  I  hear. 


INIake  the  to  thy  ffyrste  place 
ffor  to  retourne  the  weye  ryht. 

'  As  longe  as  thow  hast  a  syht 
To  .iiij.^  partyes  off  crystis  cros,  p  Foure  St.] 

Ne  drede  the  neuere  off  no  los, 
Nor  off  hyndryng  in  thy  vyage. 
And  looke,  in  thy  pylgrymage, 
"VVher-so-enere  thow  repayre, 
Ther-off  to  take  thyw  exau?nplayre, 
ffor  thow  niayst  no  bettre  do.' 

And  whan  she  hadde  sayd  me  so, 
Thys  Grace  dieu,  affter  a-noon, 
ffarwel,  fro  me,  she  was  a-gon 
Al  sodeyuly  out  off  my  syht.  [stowe,  leaf  222] 

But  tha?ine,  off  cher  fful  glad  and  lyht, 

Youthe 
And  with  hyr  ffresshe  ffethrys  ffayre, 
Youthe  gan  to  me  repayre. 
And  to  me  sayde  in  hyr  manere : 
'  Thow  art  a  ff ool !  what  dostow  here  1 
Tak  good  hed  to  my  sentence ! 
Thow  art  mad,  to  yive  credence, 
To  leue  and  herknen  euerytale 
Or  syngyng  off  the  nyhtyngale  ; 


12664 


12668 


12672 


12676 


12680 


12684 


lliss  Youth  persuades  mc  to  climb  up  on  her  hack.         345 


12G88 


12692 


12696 

Vicina  est  lapsibjts  adoles- 
ceiiia,  &  varior«»«  cupidita- 
tum  feruore  salens.  .  . 
Ambiosius.    St.,  om.  C. 


12700 


12704 


^ '  Ther-in  ys  no  melody, 
"Whos  song  ys  euere  '  Occy,  occy,' 
Wych  ys  to  seyne,  whan  she  hath  do, 
"  Go  sle  thy  sylff  ! "  she  meneth  so. 
Leff  al  thys  thyng,  and  go  wit/;,  me  ; 
ffor,  thys  weye  wych  thow  dost  se, 
Ys  penyble  and  encomhrous, 
Dredful  also,  and  envyous  ; 
Thy  myght,  thy  power,  ben  ago ; 
Thy  body  ys  wery  ek  also ; 
The  weye  wyl  make  the  to  tarye 
ifor  yt  ys  ffroward  and  contrarye, 
And  ffer  also  ffro  thyn  entente ; 
And  I  ther-to  wyl  nat  assente. 

'  And  in  ff orthryng  ek  off  the 
I  wyl  nat  go,  but  I  wyl  ffle ; 
ffor  thow  and  I  shal  han  repayr, 
l^at  on  the  ground,  But  in  the  hayr, 
Wher  thow  shalt  fynde  no  maner  lak ; 
ffor  I  wyl  trusse  the  on  my  bak,  [stowe,  leaf  222,  back] 
Ber  the  fforth  (yt  shal  nat  ffaylle) 
That  thow  shalt  fele  no  trawaylle 
In  thy  vyage,  but  ful  soffte 
I  shal  ber  the  hih  a-loffte, 
That  thow  mayst  sen  aboute  Eowid, 
The  se,  the  heyr,  and  al  the  grou7Kl ; 
And  al  that  euere  ffolkys  do, 
Thow  shalt  be-holde  and  sen  also.* 

The  pylgrjrm: 
"  Yst  in  thy  power,  answere  me, 
Thus  to  ber  me,  and  to  file  ? " 

Youthe : 
'  Ther-to  I  haue  suffysau?ice, 
So  yt  be  to  thy  plesau?2ce ; 
And  that  thow  shalt  knowe  agon, 
Skyp  on  my  bak,  and  lat  vs  gon. 
And  in  effect  thow  shalt  wel  se 
How  that  I  shal  helpyn  the.' 

[6  lines  hlanh  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.] 

And  I,  wit/i-oute  mor  abood, 


12708 


12712 


12720 


llisn  Ynuth. 

[1  If.  193,  bk.] 
The  Nightin- 
gale's song 
'  occy '  means 
only  go  and 
kill  yourself. 


Youth  tries  to 
dissuade  me 
from  my 
journey. 


12716 


and  to  .abide 
Willi  her. 


She  will  fly 
up  in  the  air. 


and  take  me 
on  her  buck. 


so  that  I  can 
see  all  things. 


The  PUf/rim. 


Miss  Youth 


bids  me  skip 
on  her  back. 


[leaf  104] 


346   Yo^dh  files  aloft  with  riic  and  droits  me.  I  meet  Gluttony. 


So  I  climb 
up  oil  it. 


Miss  Youth 
bears  me 
aloft, 


The  Pilgrim.    Clamb  Oil  lij'r  bak  Avlier-as  she  stood.  1272-1: 

To  hyre  yt  was  no  grevauwce ; 
ffor,  as  lyhtly  (in  substau?ice) 

I  was  take  vp  in-to  lyte,  12727 

As  a  cliykno  oii^  a  kyte,      [isimideoffst.]  [stowe,  leai  223] 
Al  sodeynl}^  or  I  was  war ; 
And  on  hyr  bak,  fforth  she  me  bar 
Vn-to  the  hegh,  and  was  niy  guyde 
Stretth- vn-to  the  tother  syde.  p  streghtc  St.]  12732 

And  to  that  weye  she  hath  me  born) 
Wych  that  I  hadde  lefFt  to-forn, 
And  hehl  to  me  ful  wel  forward  ;  ^       P  m-owai-ae  St.] 
But  grot  encombrau?ice  affterward  12736 

Tlier-off  ys  if  alien  vn-to  me, 
And  fful  gret  aduersyte, 
Wych  I  shal  tellyn  in  substau?ice, 
As  they  kome  to  reniembrau??ce.  12740 

Whan  I  was  passyd  the  hegh  alias, 
ffynally  thys  was  the  caas  : 
Yowthe  me  brouht  {and  thus  yt  stood,) 
In-to  a  weye  large  and  brood,  12744 

And  sayde  she  wolde,  off  al  that  daj'', 
No  ferther  ber  me  on  my  Wclj. 

And  so,  wher  yt  were'*  sour  or  soote,      [twereSt., om.c] 
She  trew^  me  dou?z.     I  wente  on  foote  [niuewec.] 
Ay  be  that  hegh,  dou?i  costeyynge.  12749 

"And,  wz't/i-oute  long'5  taryynge,        [Mongest.] 
In  the  weye  that  she  me  sette, 

An  Okie'' wekke  a-noon  I  mette,     [" ouie  st., oid c]  12752 
Hydous  and  owgly  off  hyr  look  ; 
And  off  hyr  shap,  good  hed  I  took ; 
Hyr  Eyen  royllynge  in  hyr  hed, 

Hyr  lUxce  colouryd  was  lyk^  led,       [s  lyic  was  to  st.]  1275G 
Hyr  noose  heng  domj  to  hyr  chyn, 
Hyr  mouth  fful  large,  and  ek  ther-in 
^Yith  hyr  teth  (as  I  beheld,) 

A  ft"ul  large  sak  she  held ;  12760 

Ther-in  a  tonge  she  held  also, 
And  Eampawntly  she  gan  to  go  [stowc,  icuf  223,  buck] 
Vn-to  mc-ward,  off  cruelte, 


over  tlie  liigli. 


to  a  path 
laifje  and 
wide. 


wliere  she 
til  rows  me 
down. 


[leaf  in  I,  bk.] 

I  raeot  a 
hideoiu  old 
hag, 


holding  a 
big  bag  in 
her  teeth. 


Gluttony  is  mistress  of  E'pimrcans,  ivJiose  God  is  their  Belly.  347 

12764      The  Pilgrim. 


Lycli  as  she  wolde  ha  stranglyd  me ; 

[7  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
Gan  hyr  handys  to  me  strecche, 
And  felly  sayde  '  Arrew,^  thow  wrechche  !    [>  Arrow  st.] 
Thow  skapyst  nat:'  she  swor,  seyn^  george,  [^seyntst.] 
She  wolde  me  stranglyn  by  the  Gorge  :  12768 

Thus  yt  sempte,  as  by  hyr  cher ; 
And  I  hadde-on  no  gorger 
In  my  dyffence,  but  drowh  abak, 
And  vn-to  hyre  ryht  thus  I  spak  :  12772 

The  pylgrym: 
"  What  artow,"  a-noon  (\uod  I, 
"  That  komyst  so  dyspytously, 
Thow  Olde  wekke,^  wit/t  meschau7?ce,     \?  vekke  St.] 
ffroward  off  look  and  contynau?ice ;  12776 

and  al  that  euere  I  se  on  the, 
fful  gretly  dyspleseth  me." 

Glotonye : 
'  I  am,'  c\i(,od  she,  *  as  thow  shalt  lere, 
Off  Epicuris  chyldre  dere,  12780 

Verray  nioder  and  maystresse, 
And  off  that  sorte  gouerneresse  : 
I  gouerne  he«?.,  (thus  staut  the  cas,) 
Who  that  euere  her  ffader  was.'  12784 

The  pylgrym:  [stowe, icaf22i] 

"  fful  ffayn,"  qiiod  I  /  "  I  wolde  se 
What  Epicuriens  sholdii  be." 

Glotonye : 
'  They  be  (ffor  short  conclusiou?/) 
A  sect  off  thys  condiciouw,  12788 

AVych  holde,  and  lerne  thys  off  me, 
That  perfyt  ffelycyte 
Ys,  that  a  man  lyk  hys  delyt, 

ffolwe  alway  hys  appetyt ;  12792 

Ther  Sak,  ther  wombe,  (I  vndertake,) 
Off  hem  ther  goddys  they  do  make ; 
Ther  loye  and  al  ther  bysynesse 

Ys  only  set  in  lykerousnesse  ;  12796 

ffor,  thys  Sect  alway  most  thy?zkes 
On  dyuers  metys  and  on  drynkes  : 


The  old  hag 
tries  to 
strangle  me. 


I  ask  her 
why  she's  so 
spiteful. 


Gluttonp. 

[leaf  195] 

She  says  she 
is  the  mother 
and  mistress 
of  the  follow- 
ers of  Epi- 
curus, 


a  sect  whiob 
liolds  tliat 
happiness 
consists  in 
indulging 
your  appetite. 


Their  god  is 
their  belly. 


They  think 
most  of  meat 
and  drink. 


348  The  hag  Gluttony  describes  her  greedy  drinldng  &  eating. 


Gluttony. 


Tlie  Epicu- 
reans 


eii.joy  only 
supertluity 
and  indulg- 
ence. 


[leaf  195,  bk.] 


The  old  liag'i 
name  is 
'  UluUony." 

She  drinks 
more  than 
she  needs. 


and  stuflfs  her 
belly  witli  as 
much  as  S 
men  could 
live  by,— 


jellies,  pot- 
ages, 

ypocras, 

malmsy,  etc. 

She  dances 
and  drinks 
all  night. 

She  is  also 
cald  '  G;islri- 
marf,'ia' 
(Greek  for 
•gluttony'). 


'  To  thys  Sect  yt  ys  eiidwed,  12799 

W/t/i  rost^  somwhyle,  and  with  stewyd,      [luestest.] 

To  be  seruyd,  a7id  metys  bake, 

Now  to  Ifrye,  now  steykes  make, 

And  many  other  soteltes. 

And  dyuers  ffou?idyn  out  deyntes ;  12804 

ffor  al  thys  sect,  I  the  ensure, 

Be  nat  content  tliat  nature  [stowe] 

Yservyd  bo  w^t7i  suffysamice  ; 

But  ther  loye  a7id  ther  plesau?«ce  12808 

Stant  in 2  superfluyte  ;  [» aiie  /  in  st.] 

And  hooly  ther  ffelycyte 

(Affter  ther  oppynyouw)  [stowe,  leaf  221,  back] 

Ys  in  delectacyouw.'  12812 

The  pylgrym: 
"  What  ys  thy  name  1  tel  on,"  quod  I. 

Glotonye : 
And  she  AnsAverd  redyly, 
*  To  sey  trouthe,  and  nat  to  lye, 

My  name  in  soth  ys  '  Glotonye.'  12816 

My  sak,  I  ffelle  vp  to  the  brynke, 
And  neuere  I  spare  ffor  to  drynke, 
fful  oflfte  whan  I  lia  no  nede ; 

And  I  allone  (yt  ys  no  drede)  12820 

fEul  offte  sythe,  off'^  lykerousnessc,  pinst.] 

fFylle  my  pauwche,  off  gredynesse, 
With  as  myche  (trew(e)ly) 

As  .iij.  men  myghte  lyue  by,  12824 

Swyche  as  hauew  indygence  ; 
ffor,  in  Ryot  and  dyspence, 
In  wast,  in  reuel  and  outrages, 

Spent  in  gelees'*  aw?  potages,  [+Geeiesst.]     12828 

And  dyuers  drynkiis  ffor  solas, 
Eomney,  clarre,'^  ypocras,  p  ciarre  .ind  st.] 

In  malvesyn,  and  in  Osey, 

The  louge  nyht  I  dau?ice  and  ploy,  12832 

And  cesse  nat  to  drynke  alway ; 
Go  to  bedde  whan  yt  ys  day  ; 
And  sojjime  clerkys  a-mong  alle, 
'  Castrimargia ' ^  me  callc.'        U'  castrymagia  st.]  1 2836 


Gluttony  siocdlows  mvssels  whole,  and  eats  fill  she's  side.  349 


[1  Castrimagia  St.] 
[Stowe,  leaf  225] 
[2  Castrimagia  St.] 

12840 


12844 


The  Pylgr3nn: 

"  Declare  me,  and  nat  ne  ffeyne, 
What  '  castrimargia '  ^  ys  to  seyne." 

Glotonye : 
*  "  Castrimargia,"  2  ys  plou?igyn  diomi 
Off  mussellys  by  submerciou?? ; 
Wyth-oute  chawyug,  dou7i  tliey  laiueclie, 
Devouryd  liool  in-to  the  pawnche ; 
And  ther  they  be  so  depe  ydreynt, 
In  the  mawe  to-gydre  meynt, 
That  my  sak,  by  submerciou?^, 
Ys  offte  tournyd  vp  so  douw. 
"VVhan  yt  ys  fful  and  overleyn, 
Yt  goth  out  by  the  gorge  ageyn ; 
Over  herd,  al  goth  to  wrak  ; 
And  thus  I  voyde  among  my  sak ; 
The  Tempest  draweth  dou?j  the  sayl. 

'  I  make  tracys,  as  doth  a  snayl, 
'With  drawlyng^  on  my  mokadour, 
And  efft  ageyn  do  my  labour 
(As  an  vngry*  woIff,  certeyn,) 
ffor  to  ff ylle  my  pook  ^  ageyn. 

*  I  may  resemble  wel  to  Bel, 
Off  whom  that  speketh  Danyel, 
The  ydole  that  devourede  al : 
My  bely  round,  and  no  thyng  smal, 
And  wz't/i  my  nose  long  and  round, 
I  trace  affter,  as  doth  an  hound, 
To  ffynde  the  ffwet^  wher  mete  ys  good ;      [°  mvt  st.] 
And,  by  the  goolet  off  myn  hood  12864 

The  beste'''  goth ;  yiff  that  I  may,  \J  best  st.] 

Thys  lyff  I  lete  nylit  and  day.' 

The  pylgrym: 

"  Yet  off  a^  thyng  I  pray  the,    [Stowe,  leaf  225,  back]      [»  one  St.] 

That  thow  woldest  tellyn  me  :  12868 

Yiff  thow  the  ffyllest  (in  thy?i  avys) 

Off  metys  that  ben  off  lytel  prys, 

As  off  benys  or  browne^  bred,     [^  brovne  St.,  brown  C] 

(Kome  ther  any  in  ihyn  hed,)  12872 

Thy?i  appetyt  for  to  stau«che, 


12848 


12852 

[3  drawyng  St.] 

[♦  hungry  St.] 
[5  pawnche  St.]    12856 


12860 


The  PUgrim. 


Oluttont/. 

Gastrimargia 
(or  Gluttony) 
means  swal- 
lowing mus- 
sels unchewd. 


[leaf  196] 

When  Glut- 
tony's belly 
is  overloaded, 
she  sicks  its 
contents  up. 


She  makes 
slimy  tracks 
on  her  hand- 
kerchief. 


and  tries  to 
re-fill  lier 
belly. 

Sheresembles 
Bel,  of  which 
Daniel  spoke. 


With  her  nose 
she  tracks  the 
scent  of  good 
meals. 


The  Pilofim. 


I  ask  her  if 
she  eats 
beans  aiid 
brown  bread. 


350    Gluttony  is  Greediness.    Gluttony  luants  a  long  Gullet. 


Oluttony 

gorges  gross 
food  as  well 
as  delicate. 


[leaf  196,  bk.] 

Men  may  do 
excess  and 
snperfluity 
with  bean 
bread. 


Gluttony 
consists  in 
greediness. 


The  Pitgrin 


I  ask  what 
Taste  is. 


Gluttony. 


Taste  is  tlie 
nioiitli  of  my 
S-inch  gullet. 


I  wish  it 
was  as  Ion? 
as  a  crane's 
neck, 


that  I  might 
(ill  it  with 
mussels  and 
fried  coUops, 


1287G 


12880 


12884 


[2  Thy  C,  They  St.] 

12888 


[1  8wet«  St.] 


"  Swych  harde  metys  in  thy  pawncho  ? " 

Glotonye : 
Qiiod  she,  '  thow  slialt  ful  wel  espye, 
The  custom  ys  off  glotonye, 
As  wel  (yiff  I  shal  expresse,) 
In  grete  metys  to  don  excesse, 
(Who  the  trouthe  wel  espyes,) 
As  wel  as  in  delycacyes  ; 
ffor  men  as  wel  may  dou??  outrages 
Wft/i  bene  bred  ami  swyd^  potage, 
Excesse  and  superfluyte, 
Als  wel  as  in  curyouste  : 
The  mete  nat  causeth  the  excesse, 
But  the  firetyng  gredynesse, 
They-  maketh  only  the  Glotou??, 
And  nat  the  mete  in  no  sesoun  : 
Tast,  that  ys  the  pryncypal, 
And  lust  ther-off,  that  causeth  ah'   ^Z^o'^H^^'o^^ioiuT: '" 

The  pylgrm: 
Than  quod  1  /  "  I  pray  the, 
What  thyng  ys  '  Tast '  1  declare  me."  12892 

Glotonye :  [stowe,  leaf  226] 

*  Yiff  I  to  the  declare  shal, 
Therby  inward  passeth  al ; 
And  ther-in  ek  my??  appetyt 
Hath  specially  al  hys  delyt ; 
Yt  ys  the  mouth  off  my  sachel, 
Wherby  passeth  euerydel ; 
By  that  golet,  large  and  strong. 
Off  mesour  nat  .iij.^  Enche  long ; 
I  wolde,  ffor  delectaciou??. 
That  yt  were  (off  hys  ffacou?/,) 
Long  as  ys  a  kranys  nekke  ; 

Tha?me  I  nolde  off  nothyng  wrekke,  1290-4 

But  only  (yiff  I  shal  telle) 
Wz't/i  fatte  mussellys  yt  to  ffelle, 
Wit/i  lard,  and  coUopys  wel  yfryed ; 
How  hard  they  were  to  be  defyed,  12908 

I  wolde  ther  wer  ffou?jde  no  lak 
In  the  stuffyng  off  my  sak, 


12896 


PthreeSt.]    12900 


Gluttony's  greedy  Eyes.  The  deadly  Tongue  in  her  Mouth.  351 


'  Wych  that  hath  a  double  mouth, 
To  receyue  north  and  sowth, 
Al  deyntes  that  may  be  fou7^de ; 
fPatte  mussellys  large  and  Eounde, 
I  threste  he??i  in  fful  lykerously. 

'  And  yet  myn  Eyen  be  mor  gredy, 
Mor  desyrous  to  do  gret  wast 
Than  ys  my  sak  outlier  my  tast : 
To  ther  desyre,  in  no  wyse 
Nothyng  may  ynovvh  suffyse ; 
Myw  Eyen,  thorgh  none  suffysau?2ce, 
Don  to  my  stomak  gret  grevau?ice, 
Mor  peryllous  than  swyrd  or  knyfF, 
ffor  to  shorte  a  manhys^  lyff;  ['  manysst.] 

And  ffynally,  (who  that  kan  se,)   [stowe,  leaf  226,  back 
Excesse  and  superfluyte 
Slen  mo  men,  nyh  and  ffere. 
Than  outher  swerd,  dagger  or  spere.' 

The  pylgrym: 
*'  Syth  excesse  and  swych  outrage 
Don  to  the  so  gret  damage, 
Off  mussellys  smale  and  grete, 
Why  lystow  wit/i  hem  surfeete, 
Syth  thow  concludest  (in  sente?jce) 
In  surf et  ys  gret  pestylence  ? " 

Glotonye : 
*  Wit/t-Inne  my  mouth  (as  thow  shalt  lere,) 
I  here  A  touch,  (yiff  thow  wylt  here,) 
A  Touch  off  gret  inf  ecciou?i 
The  wyche,^  by  corrupciou?z,       [=  wych  c,  whiche  St.] 
Wher  that  euere  he  haue  repeyr. 
He  infecteth  al  the  heyr. 
And  sleth  mo  ffolk  by  vyolence 
Tlia?i  any  other  pestylence. 

'  That  touch,  by  touchyng  redyly, 
Ys  mad  so  sharpe  and  so  gredy 
By  touch  off  metys  delycat, 
Tha?nie  he  to  Resou?^  obstynat, 
Mut,  with  hys  touch,  touchyre  som  whyht,   [stowe. 
Or  ellys  wolde  he,  a-noon  ryht, 


12912 


12916 


12920 


12924 


12928 


12932 


12936 


12940 


12944 


leaf  227] 

12948 


Gtuttonji. 

and  that  I 
had  a  double 
luouth. 

[leaf  197] 


Gluttony's 
eyes  are  still 
more  greedy 
than  lier 
mouth  and 
taste. 


Excess  slays 
more  men 
than  sword, 
dagger,  or 
spear. 

The  Pi! grim. 


I  ask  her  why 
she  stuffs  her- 
self with 
mussels. 


Gluttovj/ 

says  she  has 
a  Touch  in 
her  mouth. 


that  infects 
the  air  and 
slays  more 
folk  than  the 
Plague  does. 

This  Touch 
is  made  so 
greedy  by 
delicate 
meats 


that  it  must 

touch  some 

one. 

[leaf  197,  bk.] 


352     Gluttony's  Tongue  talks  evil,  and  sJiames  its  o^vner. 


Taste,  or 
Timcli,  seeks 
only  its  own 
gratification. ' 


The  PUffrim. 

I  ask  the 
name  of  this 
Touch. 

Gluttony 

calls  it  the 
'.flying  mes- 
senger,' 


a  cursed 
neighbour. 


the  Tongue 
that  talks 
villainy 


when  it  has 
drunk  strong 
wines. 


The  Pilgrim. 


Gluttony. 
[leaf  198] 


*  Wexyn  Wod,^  or  by  outrage  ['aKefed/contwobC.woodeSt.] 

Sodeynly  ffalle  in-to  a  rage, 

The  to  2  touche,  as  yt  ys  due  ;  [Uoost.] 

The  totlier  touch  ay  doth  hjm  sue;  12952 

And  semblably,  (who  lyst  to  se,) 

Eyht  thus  ffareth  tast  by  me, 

Wych  lytel  rechchet^  off  my  profyt,       [« Rechchethe  St.] 

So  that  he  haue  hys  owne  delyt.'  12956 

The  pylgrym: 
"Ma  dame,"  i\uod  I,  "  what  eue>'e  ffalle, 
What  shal  I  thys  Touch  ycalle  1 " 

Glotonye : 
'  Thow  shalt  calle  hym,  ffer  and  ner, 
The  ffleynge  massager,  12960 

Off  wynges  swyft,  wych  wyl  nat  dwelle, 

Eue?T  thvn"  out  for  to  telle  :        ^^"'"  cecideruKt  in  ccspite  gladij, 
•J         JO  set  non  sit  sic  qui  inte)*ieru)»t 

Al  that  euere  ys  in  the  herte,        gt!", ««.  a*"*"  ^'='^'«^'^'""  ^so. 

Ther  shal  no  thyng  besyde  asterte ;  12964 

Ami  most,  a-mong  thys  ffolkys  alle, 

A  shrewde  neihbour,  mew  \\jm  calle ; 

Or  a  clyket  fful  mortal,  129 67 

Wych  opneth  and  vncloseth  al.        [stowe,  leaf  227,  back] 

'  And  hys  condiciou?i  ek  ys  thys, 
Gladly  euere  to  seyn  Amys ; 
And  most  he  doth  hy?M  sylff  applye 
ffor  to  speke  vyllenye,  12972 

And  ther-vp-on  tabyde  longe. 
Whare  he  hath  dronke  wynes  stronge, 
And  \Niili  deyntes  ffeld  hys  sak, 

Thamie  al  thyng  goth  to  wrak,  12976 

What  he  touchet,  I  ensure, 
So  ffer  he  goth  out  off  mesure.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"  What  ar  they,  off  her  tongys  large. 
That  wit/^  wyn  hem  overcharge]"  12980 

Glotonye : 
'  Ther-in  ys  most  hys  appetyt. 
And  ther-in  he  hath  most  delyt. 
By  hy?w  I  am  out  off  mesure 
Brouht,  that  I  may  nat  endure ;  12984 


Drunkenness  whs  a  man  of  his  Wits,  &  makes  him  quarrel.  353 


I 


'  Offt  by  hym  I  fFalle  in  blame, 

In  gret  dyshonour  and  dyffame  ; 

ffor  he  me  gaff  (who  loke  wel) 

Thys  sak  also,  a7id  thys  phonel 

"Wyth  wych  my  wynes  I  vp  tonne. 

And  whan  that  I  haue  onys  g07ine    [stowe,  leaf  228] 

To  to?enon  vp,  (as  thow  mayst  se,) 

I  take  ther-off  so  gret  plente, 

Swych  habou?Klau?/ce  and  swych  foysou7i. 

That  I  lese  wyt  and  resou?<, 

Dyscreciou7j,  wysda??i  and  mynde, 

That  I  kan  no  weye^  ffynde 

To  gon  vn-to  myn  owne  hous, 

Mad  and  dronke,  as  ys  A  mous. 

'  Than  spek  I  nat  but  Ribaudye, 
Outrage  and  gret  vyllenye  ; 
I  haue  noon  other  Elloquence  ; 
ffor  tha?j  I  do  no  reuerence, 
Nouther  to  god,  (in  no  manere,) 
'Nov  to  hys  owne  moder  dere ;  - 
ffor  yiff  I  shal  the  trouthe  expresse, 
Whaw  I  am  ffalle  in  dronkenesse,^  ^' '^[^^^^'''cT' 
My  tonge  tha?2  I  gy«ue  to^  broche,    [no  c,  ow.  st.] 
That,  yiff  Eesou/i  wolde  aproche, 
I  bydde  hym  shortly  (thys  no  nay,) 
To  take  hys  leue,  a7id  gon  hys  way. 
And  also  in  my  dronkenesse 
I  sey  the  same  to  Eyhtwysnesse  ; 
ffor  thogh  prudence  and  equyte, 
Sapyence  And  veryte, 
Hadden  with  me  tho  to  done, 
They  sholde  be  put  abak  fful  sone. 

*  Wit/t  sobyrnesse,  nor  attemprau?ice, 
I  wyl  haue  noon  acqueyntau?jce  : 
They  be  no  thyng  off  myn  allye  ; 
I  haue  off  hem  but  moquerye  ;     [stowe,  leaf  22s,  back] 
ffor,  wher  dronkenesse  ys  guyde, 
Ech  vertu  ys  set  asyde  ; 
And  whan  with  wyn  ful  ys  myn  horn, 
I  am  ffers  as  an  vnycorn ; 

PILGRIMAGE.  A 


Glutton;/. 

It  brings  its 
owner  into 
dishonour. 

12988     Funnel. 


12992 


[1  way  St.]  12996 


13000 


13004 


13008 


13012 


13016 


13020 


13024 

A 


Excess  in 
wine  causes 
loss  of 
reason. 


of  discretion, 
and  wisdom ; 


it  begets 
ribaldry,  and 


irreverence 
to  Ciod  and 
the  Virgin. 


rigliteous- 
ness,  c(iuity, 
and  truth ;' 


[leaf  198,  bk.] 


inoclis  .at 
temperance. 


354    The  Glutton's  2  Bellies,  Drunkenness  and  Greediness. 


GltUtony, 

and  quarrels 
with  every 
one. 


The  Glutton 
has  2  bellies, 
like  a  Bittern, 

The  Pilgrim. 


which  arc  of 
the  kin  of 
Venus. 


Excess  breeds 
Lechery. 


The  1st  l)elly 
is  Drunken- 
ness; the  2nd, 
Greediness, 


Both  stniT 
tliemselves 
full 


[leaf  1B9] 


to  the  brink. 


Tltey  cause 
lechery. 


'  ffor,  tha?i  bothe,  in  wrong  and  ryht, 
I  wyl  stryue  viiili  enery  whyht, 
Tak  vp  quarellys,  a7id  dyffame, 
Sette  on  eue?-y  whyht  a  blame, 
And,  lyk  a  bole,  (yt  ys  no  dred,) 
My7i  Eyen  Rollyn  in  myn  hed ; 
Lyk  a  botore,^  I  haue  also 
Two  wombys  wha?i  I  haue  A-do.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"Expownti  me,  dnd  nat  ffeyne, 
Hastow  verrayly  wombys  tweyne?" 

Glotonye : 
'  Trewly,'  quod  glotonye  to  me, 
'  I  haue  tweyne,  as  thow  mayst  se, 
Wych  ben  ful  nyh  (who  kan  espye,) 
Off  the  kynrede  and  allye 
Off  Venus  ;  ffor  lykerousnesse 
Off  welfare,  and  gret  excesse, 
Engendre  and  cause  naturelly 
fflesshly  lust  and  lechery. 

*  And  the  ffyrst  off  thys  kynrede 
Ys  callyd  (who  that  taketh  hede) 
Off  som  ffolkys  '  Dronkenesse,' 
And  the  tother  '  Gredynesse ' 
Off  sondry  metys  and  deyntes ; 
And  bothe  two,  in  ther  degres, 
Wyl  ther  placys  occupye, 
Drynke  and  ete  by  envye. 
Evere  ther  glotons  appetyt 
Ys  so  ful  off  ffals  delyt, 
So  gredy  and  so  vnstaunchable, 
Ther  Etyk  ys  so  importable  ; 
Now  I  ete,  and  noAV  I  drynke ; 
Tyl  I  be  ful  vp  to  the  brynke, 
I  do  alway  my  besy  peyne. 
And  trew(e)ly  thys  wombys  tweyne, 
Wych  al  devoure,  and  neiiere  slake, 
Make  Venus  to  a-wake 
Out  off  hyr  slep,  (lyk  as  I  sayde,) 
And  causeth  hyre  fful  offte  abrayde. 


13028 


[I  The  Bittern  was  supposed  to 
have  two  stomachs.] 

13032 


13036 


13040 


[Stowe,  leaf  229]    13044 


1.3048 


13052 


13056 


13060 


/  sec  old   Venus,  her  face  masht,  riding  a  vjild  sow.      So 5 


Venus  is 
tackt  to  the 
Glutton's  tail. 


All  Kluttoiis 
must  obey 
her. 


*  And  for  that  I  am  glotonye, 
I  dar  trewly  specefye  13061 

How  Venus  (yt  ys  no  ffayl) 
Euere  me  suetli  at  the  tayl ; 
"We  departe  seld  or  neue;'e, 

ffor  we  be  to-gydre  enere  ;  13068 

She  wyl  nat  parte,  yiff  she  may. 

'  And  whom  that  I,  be  nyht  or  day, 
Areste,  or  make  to  abyde, 

Wher-so  that  he  go  or  ryde,  13072 

I  bryuge  hym  off  entenc'iouw 
To  ben  vnder  subiectiou?i  [stowe,  leaf  229,  back] 

Off  Venus  ;  for  she  and  I 

Confedryd  ben  so  treAv[e]ly,  13076 

That  ffolkys  vnder  my  demeyne, — 
Swych  as  be  lacyd  in  my  cheyne, 
Or  sesyd,  (ther  ys  no  mor  to  seye,) — 
Vn-to  hyre  they  niuste  obeye.'  13080 

The  pylgrym : 
"  I  praye,  declare  a-noon  to  me, 
"What  thyng  thys  Venus  sholde  be." 

Glotonye : 
(^uod  glotonye,  '  w^■t/i-oute  glose, 

Thow  shalt  off  hyre  (I  suppose)  13084   [leaf  199, bk.j 

Hyryn  tydynges  A-noou  ryht, 
Off  hyr  power  and  off  ^  hyr  myght ;  ['  off  c,  om.  st.] 
And  thanne,  yiff  thow  Avylt  enquere, 
"What  she  ys,  she  wyl  the  lere.'  13088 

And,  whyl  I  stood^  musynge  thus,    [^stooaest.] 
I  sawh  a-noon  wher  that  Venus 
Kam  rydynge  on  a  swyn  savage. 

And  in  hyr  hand,  a  ffals  vysage  13092 

I  sawh  hyr  bern,  fful  brood  and  large, 
To-lforn  hyr  Eyen,  lyk  A  targe. 
And  thys  Venus  trew(e)ly 

"Was  Arrayed  queyntely  ;  13096 

if  or  hyr  clothys  and  hyr  array  [stowe,  leaf  230] 

Defoulyd  wern  w^t7i  donge  and  clay, 
ffor  wych  (in  euery  mane/*  place) 
She  gan  shroude  and  hyde  hyr  fface  13100 


I  ask  who 
Venus  is. 


Gluttony. 


The  Pilgrim. 

Venus  ap- 
pears on  a 
wild  boar 


bearing  a 
targe  or  mask 
betbre  her 
face. 


Her  clothes 
are  foul  with 
dung  and 
clay. 


II oQ     Venus  sends  a  dart  into  my  heart.    She  hates  Virginity. 


The  Pilarim. 


Venus  smites 
nie  with  a 
dart, 


thru  my  eye, 
to  tlie  lieart. 


[leaf  200] 


The  Pilgri 


Dame  Venus 
says 


she's  a  foe  to 
Virginity, 


who,  if  she 
had  not 
taken  refnfj;i; 
ill  religion, 


13104 


13108 


13112 


13116 


Vnder  hyr  hood,  so  couertly 

That  no  man  ne^  myghte  espy  [•nest.,o)n.c.] 

[7  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.^ 
The  maner  off  hyr  gouej'nau?«ce 
Outward  by  hyr  co?itenau?^ce, 
ffor  hyr  fface  was  nat  bare  ; 
And,  to  me-ward  as  she  gan  ffare, 
Wit/i  a  sharp  dart  wych  she  bar 
She  smette  me,  or  I  was  war, 
(Lougii  or  I  koude  aduerte,) 
Thorgh  the  Eye  vn-to  the  herte. 
My?j  Ehn  was  lefft  behywde,  alias  ! 
My  fface  bare  (thys  was  the  cas) ; 
Ageyn  Venus  vyolence, 
I  hadde  as  tho  no  bet  dyffence. 

The  pylgrjrm: 
"  0,  thow  Olde  !  what  hastow  do, 
Vnwavly  me  to  smyte  so  ] " 

Olde  venus: 
*  Reporte  off  me,  and  sey  ryht  thus,    [stowe,  leaf  230,  hack] 
That  I  am  callyd  Dame  venus. 
My  dwellyng  and  my  manc'iouM 
(To  me  Ordeyned  off  Eesou«) 
Ys  in  the  Reynys  most  certeyn, — 
Ther  wyl  no  clerk  ageyns  thys  seyn ; — 
I  chace  a-way  al  chastyte, 
And,  werray^  vyrgynyte  : 
Vyrgynyte,  whylom  off  ryht, 
To  the  AuHgellys  cler  and  bryht 
Was  suster,  and  ther  nexte  allye  ; 
But  now  (yiff  I  shal  nat  lye 
Touchyng  parfyt  vyrgynyte,) 
Wher  that  euere  she  may  me  se, 
She  halt  hyr  nose,  and  woP  be  go,  ['  wouv  st.] 

Vp-on  hyre  I  stynke  so  ; 
To  hyre  I  am  so  gret  Enmy, 

That,  but ^  she  hadde  ffynally     ['TUatbutst.  But  that  c] 
filed  ffor  hyr  savacyou?* 

Whylom  in-to  Religious, —  13136 

She  hadde  (witA-outc  mor  refut,)       J^^^^^i^;^ 


13120 


[*  werreye  St.]    13124 


13128 


13132 


Virgins  must  stay  at  home.   Why  Venus  hates  Virginity.  357 
'  Be  slayn,  and  dede  by  mf  pursuit-  "^^1:^1;'^^^:^^.     »^"  ^-""-- 


AVher  the  castel  ys  so  strong, 
That  I  may  do  to  hyre  no  wronge, 
Nor  the  fforteresse  wynne,    Nofa  st. 


Experto,  credo,  EpiseciiiHs, 
loiiuor  cora»i  ileo,  iio»  me»- 
cior:  Cedios  libiiiii  duces - 
gregujK,  sub  luic  peste  ceci- 
disse  repeci,  de  quoiHni 
Ciisu  no«  magjs  siispiciil)ar 
,      ,      ,  -i?    T  qiwrfAmbrosijvelleioiiimi 

As  longe  as  she  halt  hyr  wit/i-lnne ;  hnxmAw-A  t?jipitudine.— 

)uc  AugustiiiHS.  St.,0)«.C. 

But  yifl:  so  be  (yt  ys  no  doute)  [i  by  c,  timi-sbe  my  st.] 

Tliat  she  go  a-brood  w^•t^-oute  ^^ ''"rXU;ibUo^^ibani.- ""' 
At  large,  and  haue  hyr  lyberte, — ■  13145 

As  Dina  wente  for  to  se 
"VVortimen  off  that  regi'oun, 

(As  holy  wryt  niaketh  nienciou?*)  Genesis  sa  capUido,  St.,  om.  c. 
lacobys  doubter  (thys  the  cas)  13149 

And  she  a-noon  dyffoulyd  Avas,  [stowe,  leaf  231] 

And  the  slauwdre  gret  arose,  "•' >,^"iuK."af"' 

Be-cause  she  kepte  hyr  sylff  nat^  cloas.      [*  nat  c,  in  St.] 


*  Ek  I  ne  haue  noon  4vau?itage 
ffor  to  harme  nor  do  damage — 
jSTat  the  valu  off  An  Oystre — 
Whyl  chastyte  kepeth  hys  cloystix) 
And  goth  nat  out  in  no  maner, 
Tlian  fiarveP  al  my  power.' 

The  pylgrym: 
*'  Tel  on  a-noon,  and  nat  ne  ffeyne. 
What  ys  thoffence  off  thys  tweyne, 
Off  maydenhed  or  chastyte  1 
What  wrong  han^  they  don  to  the, 
That  thow  he??*  hatest  in  thy  thouht  1 
Declare  in  hast,  and  tarye  nouht." 

Venus : 
*  ffyrst,  vnderstonde  a?id  horkno  mo. 
That  neuere  yet  Vyrgynyte 
Wolde  in  no  place  abyde, 
But  I  wer  out,  and  set  asyde : 
To  hyre  I  am  abhomynable, 
Contraryous  and  dyffamablo ; 
I  stynke  on  hyre,  wher  euere  she  be. 

'  And  ek  hyr  suster  Chastyte, 
Wher  euere  that  she  me  espy. 
She  ffleth  hyr  way,  aiid  cryeth  "  ffy  ! " 
ffor  wher  yt  thowhe,'^  or  elle6-  ffroso, 


13153 


13156 


[5  Biuwelle  St.] 


[fi  luiue  St.] 


131G0 


13164 


would  have 
been  slain. 


If  Virginity 
go  abroad, 


[leaf  200,  bk.] 

as  Dinali 

(Jacob's 

daiigliter) 

went, 

{Genesis 

xxxiv.  1,  2),' 

she  will  come 
to  harm. 


While  Chas- 
tity keeps  iu 
its  cloister, 
Venus  has  no 
power. 


Tlie  Pilrivim. 

I  ask,  wiiat 
wrong,  Vir- 
ginity and 
Chastity  have 
done  to 
Venus. 


13168 


[Stoive,  leaf  231,  back] 

13172 


[''  thaw] 


1.  Virginity 


thinks  Veims 
is  abomin- 
able, 
and  stinks. 


2.  Chastity 
always  Hees 
from  Venus, 
and  says  Fy ! 


358  Venus  has  malignd  Chastity  in  the  ^Romance  of  the  Rose.' 


Chastity 
inaile  Joseph 
Hee  from 
Potipliar's 
wite, 
[leaf  2(10] 


and  will 
never  touch 
Venus. 


So  Venus  has 
tlierefore  to 
Blander 
Chastity, 


as  she  does  in 
her  Romance 
oj  the  Rose, 


where  Chas- 
tity is  paid 
Fa'lse-Sem- 
blant. 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  tell  Venus 
tliat  she  has 
no  righl  to 
call  the  Ro- 
vKince  of  the 
Rose  hers. 


I  know  its 
author  (G.  de 
Loris). 


'  Leue?'e  she  hadde  hyr  mantel  lese,  13176 

Tlia?«  abyden  in  the  place 
WJier  that  she  may  se  my  fface. 

'  She  made  loseph,  by  "ret^  stryff,  Genesis  39  capituXo.— 

L      '      -J    <^  ''     '      Joseph,  relieto  pallio, 

fflen  ffro  Putyif arys  wyff,    [» grete  st.]    ffugit.  st.,  om.  c. 

Lefft  hys  mantel,  and  also  13181 

A-noon  if rom  hyre  he  was  a-go ; 

ffor  chastyte  (by  oppynyou?^,) 

Haueth  thys  condyciou??,  13184 

That  she  sauff  ne  wyl  nat  vouche, 

In  no  wysii  me  to  touclie. 

'  And  whan  that  I  hyr  maner  se, 
That  yt  wyl  noon  other  be,  13188 

Than  I  am  besy,  be  dyffame, 
ffor  to  putte  on  hyre  a  blame, — 
By  som  sclau«dre  ffalsly  ffou?ide, — 
Hyr  goode  name  to  co?ifounde,  13192 

By  swych  ffolk  (shortly  to  telle) 
Tliat  ar  wont  with  me  to  dwelle. 
And  tabyden  in  my«  hous. 

Off  condiciou?i  vycyous,  13196 

That  ar  glad  ay  to  myssaye. 
And  chastyte  ffor  to  werraye, 
As  yt  sheweth  (with-onte  glose) 
In  my  Eomau^ce  off  the  Eose  :  R'^n^'^^^f  "f  t'le  Rose  st.  1320O 

J  '        (m  Mowe  s  hand). 

Make  hyr  name  to  be?i  appallyd,        [Stowe,  leaf  232] 

And  Faulssemblant  to  be  callyd  : 

In  that  book  by  my  notarye,  13203 

"VVych  to  hyr  name  ys  ffuH-  cowtrarye.      [^st.,  om.c] 

And  cause  why  that  I  do  thus 

Geyn  chastyte  fful  vertuous, 

Ys  ffynally  (yiff  thow  lyst  se), 

She  wyl  no  queyntauwce  han  wft/i  me.'  13208 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Wheiior  seystow  in  any  Avyse, 
And  wrongfully  lyst  to  devyse 
Mong  thy7i  Errours,  on  and  alle, 

Thys  Romaujice  thy?i  to  called  13212 

Thy  part  ther-off  ys  neue'?'adel ; 
tfur  I  knowe  that  \mxu  ll'ul  wcl 


Jean  de  Meun  grafted  non-Love  things  into  the  Romance.  859 


13216 


13220 


13224 


13228 


[*  sewe  St.] 


"  Wz't/i  Bweij  maner  cyrcu??istau?ice, 
WycU  that  made  that  Eomaunce." 

Venus : 
*  Thys  Romaunce  (in  c6nclusiou7i), 
I  may  calle  yt  off  Resou/i 
Myn  owne  book,  (whaw  al  ys  do.) 
And  I  my  sylff  made  yt  also ; 
And  yiff  that  thow  cousydre  wel, 
Gynnynge,  ende,  ami  ene/ydel/     [*  Euej-ydei  St.,  euerdei  C] 
He  speketh  ther  (yiff  thow  kaust  se) 
Off  nat  ellys  but  off  me, 
Except  only  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
My  clerk,  my  skryveyn,  racede  oute 
Off  strange  ffeldys  as  I  be-held. 
And  sewli  yt  in  A-nother  ffeld, 
ffolkys  wenynge  (yt  ys  no  dred) 
That  he  hadde  sowhe-  the  saml-  sed 
Vp-on  hys  owne  lond  certeyn. 

'  But  to  declare  the  trouthe  pleyn. 
He  dyde  nat  so,  no  thyng  at  al. 

In  strau??ge  feldys,  for  he  yt  stal, 

(Al  be  yt  so  by  fful  gret  lak,) 

He  put  al  in  hys  owne  sak 

r»e-cause  only  (who  kan  ffele) 

He  caste  the  trouthe  to  co?icele  ; 

Off  surtpiedye,  (yt  ys  no  nay,) 

"Wolde  ha  born  yt  wzt/i  hy??i  away, 

Al  be,  sothly,  (who  haue  a  syht) 

He  hadde  ther-to  no  maner  ryht ; 
'  But  affterward  he  was  ascryed 

By  a  normauwd,  and  espyed, 

Wych  loude  cryede,  and  made  A  sou/*, 

Yt  was  no  ryht  nor  no  Eesou» 

Off  other  ffolkys  gadryng 

To  make  hys  berthene  by  stelyng. 

But  for  al  that,  forth  he  wente, 

Nouht  abaysshed  in  hys  entente. 

But  boldely,  or  I  was  Avar, 

fforth  w^t/^  hy»^  hys  stelthe  he  bar, 

Ym[>yd  yt  in  /  in  my  romau?ice, 


The  Pilgrim. 


says  the  Ro- 
mance of  the 
Rose  i*  hers. 


for  slie  is  the 
suhject  of  it, 
fi'om  begin- 
ning to  end. 


tlio'  Jean  do 
Meun  straytl 
into  other 


subjects 


dcceitfally. 


13232 


13236 


13240 


IJut  lie  was 
found  out 
13244    "'"'  denounst 
by  a  Norman. 


13248 

This  Jean  dc 
Meun  grafted 
liis  non-Love 

[leaf  202] 

13252     material  into 
Veiius's  Ro- 


3G0 


Jean  dc  Meun  was  exposed  by  a  Norman, 


Old  venun.     '  Wych  vvas  to  me  gret  dysplesau7ice ; 


to  her  great 
displeasure. 


But  Jean  de 
Meun  was 
found  out  by 
a  Norman, 
which  made 
)iim  hnte 
Normandy. 


Male  bouelie 
tlieiet'ore  fled 
from  Nor- 
mandy, 


and  lied  about 
monks,  &c. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  tell  old 
Venus 


[Ieaf2n2,  l)k.] 
that  Jean  de 
Meun  is 
rightly  called 
•  Male 
bouelie : ' 


ffor  my  wyl  was,  that  he  no  thyng      [stowe,  leaf  233] 

Shokle  ha  set  in  hys  wrytyng,  13256 

No  thyng  (as  to  myn  entent,) 

But  yt  wer  to  me  pertynent, 

Or  accordynge  to  my  matere, 

Or  at  the  leste  (as  ye  shal  here),  13260 

That  he  hadde  set  in^  no  mor  [» sette  inne  St.] 

But  that  was  off  hys  owne  stor : 

He  was  askryed  off  hys  ffolye 

Off  On  yborn  in  NormaMudye ;  13264 

ffor  wych,  neuer  affter  (by  couenaw^t) 

He  louede  neuere  no  Normau?2d  : 

The  Romau?«ce  kan  yt  wel  declare. 

In  Avych  he  wrot  (and  lyst  nat  spare,)  13268 

That  Male-bouche  (yt  ys  no  lye) 

ffledde  ffyrst  out  off  iS'ornia?<ndye  ; 

Wher-off  he  made  a  strong  lesyng, 

Lyede  also  in  hys  wrytyng,  13272 

Off  relygious,  euele^  to  speke,  pn-eiest.] 

And  vp-on  hem  to  ben  a-wreke. 

To  my  ffauour  (as  ye  may  se) 

Be-cause  I  pursue  chastyte.'  13276 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Than  may  I  ryht  wel  certeyn 
Afferme,  that  thow  and  thy  skryveyn 
Ben  replevysshed  (who  kan  se) 

Off  malys  and  inyquyte  ;  13280 

ffor  who-so,  thogh  he  wer  my  brother,    [stowe,  leaf  2:13,  back] 
Wyl  gladly  seyn  evel  off  A-nother 
I  may  off  hy?M  seyn  (Est  and  south,) 
That  he  haueth  no  good  mouth ;  13284 

ffor  viiih  hys  tonge  (who  that  touche.) 
He  may  be  callyd  '  Male  bouelie.' 
Wherfor  trewly  thy  skryveyn 

Hihte^  'Male  bouche,'  I  dar  Avel  seyn,  pHathest.]  13288 
Whan  he  (voyde  off  al  ffavour) 
Gan  appelle  hys  neyhbour, 
Only  for  he  dyde  hyjH  ascryc, 
To  seyn  the  troutho,  and  lyst  nat  lye.  13292 


Old  Venus  says  I  cannot  escajjc  her  Bart.   She  is  uf/ly.   30 1 


"  And  thow  (who  taketh  hed  tlier-to) 
Hast  a  wykked  mouth  also, 
Wych,  off  thy7J  Inyquyte, 

Hast  lyed  vp-on  Chastyte,  13296 

To  make  goode  ffolk  hyr  haate, 
And  ageyn  hyr  to  debate." 

Venus : 
'  Thow  seyst  soth,  (yt  ys  no  drede,) 
But  thow  shalt  wyte  (in  verray  dede)  13300 

My  condiciou?i  ys  to  lye ; 
And  pleynly,  (yiff  thow  ko?me  espye) 
Be  ryht  wel  war  alway  off  me  ; 
With  lyyng  I  shal  deceyue  the.'  13304 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Tel  on  to  me  the  cause  why  ;  [stowe,  leaf  2.34] 

Why  hastow  smet  me  vnwarly  1 " 

Venus : 
'  What  trowestow  for  to  go  ffre 

Whyl  that  I  am  so  nyh  by  the  1  13308 

!Nay,  nay  !  that  may  nat  be-falle. 
Thow  knowest  nat  thassautys  alio 
Off  my  werk,  nor  the  manere, 

But  by  processe  thow  shalt  lere;  13312 

'\^^lerso-euere  tliat  I  assay  lie, 
Off  my  pray  I  wyl  nat  ffaylle ; 
And  wher  I  hurtii  with  my  darte, 
yt  ys  ful  hard  fforHo  departe        ['ffiomest.}        13316 
Wzt/t-outen  harm  ffro  my  dau?iger, 
Whom-eue?'e  I  marke,  ffer  or  ner, 
I  dar  yt  swern  (in  verray  sothe) 
By  mjn  hed  ykempt  so  smothe.'  13320 

The  pylgrym: 
"  Syth  thow  art  kempt  so  sotylly 
And  arrayed  so  ffresshely,^    [^  ftVessheiy  St.,  ffresshiy  c] 
As  thow  sayst  in  thy?*  language. 

Why  hydestow  thy  vysage  13324 

That  I  may  nat  clerly  yt^  se?  pytora.  St.] 

ff'or  som  deceyt  I  trowe  yt  be." 

Venus ^  :         l*  in  Stowe's  hand,  Venus  St.]       [Stowe,  leaf  231,  back] 

'  Wher-eue/'c  that  I  repayr, 


The  Pill/rim. 

and  glie  lias  a 
wicked 
mouth  too, 

for  she  has 
lied  about 
Chastity. 


says  Lyiii; 
her  trade. 


She  wiir 
deceive  me 
by  )yiiig. 

[Cap.  iii.  47, 
prose] 

The  Pilgrim. 


says  I  shall 
learn  the 
reason  of  her 
attack  on  me. 


I  cannot 
escape  her 
dart. 


[leaf  203] 
The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  her  why 
she  hides  her 
face. 


3G2    The  hideous  Face  and  horrible  Haunts  of  Old   Venus. 


Because  she 
isn't  fair. 


She  has  gay 
gowns  but 
wrinkled 
clieeks,  and 
is  liideous. 


Her  face  is 
hidden,  lie- 
cause  she  is 
not  fair, 
and  fre- 
quents dark 
places. 


'  Truste  wel,  I  am  nat  ffayr ; 

And  yiff  I  hadde  gret  fayrnesse, 

I  wolde  nat  hyde  yt  in  dyrknesse. 

And  thogh  that  I  be  kempt ^  ryht  wel, 

Yt  ne  sueth  neueradel 

That  I  am  ffayr,  for  in  array, 

Thogh  that  I  be  queynte  a7iil  gay, 

I  am  ryht  foul  for  to  beholde ; 

]\Iy  chekys  Eympled  and  ryht  Olde, 

And  ful  hydous,  (yt  ys  no  nay) 

And  mor  horryble  tha?i  I  dar  say. 

'  And  ther-for  be  ryht  wel  certeyn, 
I  hyde  me  that  I  be  nat  seyn. 
And  holde  me  enere  in  placys  dyrke, 
Go  by  cornerys  that  be  myrke ; 
And  I  ne  haue  no  mane?*  syth^ 
At  mydday  wha?i  the  so?me  ys  bryht 
In  hys  spere  ful  hih  alofftc  ; 
And  I  me  putte  in  pereil  offte, 
Yifl:  thow  knewii  my  passages, 
Placys  off  my  gret  outrages 
Wych  I  vse,  truste  me, 
Ther-off  thow  w oldest  astonyd  be  : 

'  I  Eyde  vp-on  A  cursyd  hors, 
I  trowe  nowher  be  no  wors ; 
ffor  placys  that  bo  most  peryllous, 
[ieaf2o;!,bk.]   Most  hoHyble  and  hydous, 

Most  dredful  and  most  vnsure, 
Ther  I  logge,  off  nature  : 
Thys  my  custom,  day  be  day. 
As  a  sowhe,  in  donge  and  clay, 
Ther  ys  my  lust  most  to  dwelle  ; 
I  am  mor  ffoul  than  I  kan  telle  : 
Ryht  foul  I  am  in  abstracto : 
But  yet  mor  ffoul  in  Concreto 
I  am  holde,  a  thowsand  ffold  ; 
And,  therfor,  as  I  ha  told, 
I  ber  thys  wonderful  peynture, 
Thys  ffalse  vysage,  thys  ffigure, 
Off  cntent,  in  cuery  place. 


13328 


[1  kept  St.] 


13332 


13336 


13340 


[2  syghte  St.] 


[Cap.  iv.  48, 

prose.] 
She  rides  a 
bad-temperd 
horse. 


She  lives  in 
horrible 
places  like  a 
sow, 


in  dun 
clay. 


She  is  foul. 


and  therefore 
wears  a 
mask. 


13344 


13348 


13352 


[Stowe,  leaf  235] 


13356 


133G0 

Concretum  tleo  coiiournit,  .S«b- 
iectum  cum  aciiikMile  Ab- 
stractum  est  ill«d  ([Uoil  ab- 
BtrahitKr  a  s«bieclo,  vt  albedo 
abstcaliitHc  ab  albo,  qjiia  con- 
cretuM!  est  respeclu  albedinis, 
St.,  om.  C. 


13365 


Old  Venus  'paints  her  face.    She  looks  out  for  Pilgrims.     363 


to  hide  her 
hideoua  face. 


smeann^  it 
witli  wliite 
lead,  ceruse. 


or  'popping/ 

which  makes 
wrinkles  iu 


[1  ffrowncys  St.] 


13380 


13384 


Venus  is  al- 
ways on  the 
move, 

in  town  or 
country. 


[2  Founne  St.] 


'  ffor  to  shrowde  ther-Wit//  my  fface,  13368     oi<i  venus. 

And  my  ffeturys  ffor  to  hyde, 

That  men  espyen  in  no  syde 

My  scornyng  nor  my  mokerye, — 

In  ffrench  ycallyd  'Farderye'  13372 

And  in  ynglyssh,  off  old  wrytyng, 

Ys  ynamyd  ek  '  poppyng ' — 

Wych,  wha?*  ffolkys  tfaH  in  age, 

Maketh  Eyvelys  iu  the  vysage,  13376  it. 

And  large  ffrowncys^  I  ensure. 

'  And,  also,  ageyn  nature, 
I  make  ffolkys  ffor  to  deme 
By  crafft  outward,  my  sylff  to  seme 
ffayrere  than  eue?'e  that  I  was, 
To  looke  in  merour  or  in  glas. 

'  Also  my  condiciou?* 
Ys  to  walkyn  vp  and  dou7^, 
Now  in  towne,  now  in  the  ffeld  ;  [Stowe,  leaf  235,  back] 

In  0  place  I  abyde  seld, 

But  yt  be  by  swych  a  fortune- 

Wher  my  lust  I  may  parfourme ; 

I  menii,  placys  off  dyffame, 

Wych,  to  reherse,  ys  gret  shame ; 

Wher-off  my  clerk,  off  whom  I  tolde,  [leaf  204] 

Hath  yseyd  lyk  as  he  wolde, 

Spekynge  ful  outragously, 

And  gaff  Exau?»ple  ffyiially 

ffor  to  speke  off  dyshoneste, 

Off  entent  (as  thow  mayst  se) 

Out  off  my  slep  me  to  awake,^ 

Iu  a-wayt,  I  sholdu  take 

Pylgryraes  that  walke  by  the  way. 

Hem  tareste,  aud  make  affraj'', 

Off  fforce  dou7i  hem  bowe  hyr  chyne. 

And  tobeye  my  doctryne. 

'  He  wende  I  hadde  ben  a-slepe ; 

But  the  weyes  I  do  kepe  13404 

Nyht  and  day,  (yt  ys  no  les  3) 

And  I  am  nat  rekkeles, 

L'ut  hem  areste  in  eue/y  place, 


13388 


13392 


1339G 

[3  to  wake  C,  tawake  St.] 

13400 


in  places  of 
ill  repute. 


She's  ever  on 
the  watch  to 
take  in  Pil- 
grims, 


wherever 
they  go. 


304"      Vemcs's  Officers:  Rape,  Incest,  Adultery,  Sodomy. 


None  escape 
Iier  save  by 
flight. 


The  Pilfjrivi. 

[Cap.  iii.  ty, 

prose.J 
I  ask  to  see 
her  Officers. 


[Stowe,  leaf  236] 


The  names  of 
liev  officers 
are 


Raptus, 

[leaf  204,  bk.] 

ravishing 
women ; 


Stuprum, 
rape  of 
Virgins; 

InceslHs, 
of  one's  kill  ; 


Ailulterinm, 
with  wives ; 


Sodomy  shall 
nut  be  named. 


[1  in  St.] 


These  are 
dangerous 
to  practice. 


'  Wher-so-euere  that  they  pace ; 
Ther  skapeth  noon,  day  nor  nyht, 
But  yiff  yt  be  only  by  flflyht ; 
I  may  nat  ffaylle,  ffer  nor  ner, 
Yiff  myn  offycerys  done  ther  dever.' 

The  pylgrym: 
Thawue  quod  I  /  "  I  pray  the 
Lat  me  sen  hem,  what  they  be  ; 
But  I  leue,  in  myn  entent. 
That  they  be  nat  her  present." 

Venus : 
'  ffor  sothe,  I  haue  hem  her  vfith  me, 
But  I  wil  nat  shewe  hem  the  ; 
Yet  neue?'theles,  yiff  thow  wylt  dwelle, 
The  namys  off  hem  I  shal  telle  : 
The  ffyrste  callyd  ys  '  raptus,' 
The  tother  '  stupru??i,'  And  next,  '  Incestus,' 
The  ffourthe,  '  Adulteriu)?^,' 
The  ifyffthe,  '  Fornicaczou?i.' 

'Raptus  ffor^-soth  (by  descry vyng,) 
Ys  ycallyd  '  Eavysshyng 
Off  woHtmen '  (who  so  taketh  hede), 
A  Synne  grctly  for  to  drede. 

'  And  stupruju  (wt't/^-oute  Avenc,) 
Ys  off  maydenys  that  be  clene. 

' '  Incestus  '  ys  a  synne  in  dede, 
A  man  to  taken  hys  kynrede. 

'  The  ffourthe  ys  '  avout[e]rye ' 
With  wyvcs  by  ffoul  lecherye. 

'  Another  ther  ys,  wych  for  me 
Shal  nat  here  rehersyd  be, 
I^or  told,  in  no  maner  wyse, 
Wych  houeth  -  ynowh  to  suffyse  ; 
And  yt  shal  nat  ffor  me  be  wyst, 
Vnderstond  yt  as  ye^  lyst. 

'  Ech  by  hym  sylff  ys  vycyous. 
And  to  vse,  ff  ul  pe?-illous  ; 
I  wyl  nat  telle  hem  out  at  al. 
But  to  swych  (in  espccyal) 
As  dwelle  with  me,  yong  and  old. 


13408 


13412 


13416 


13420 


13424 


13428 


13432 


13436 

[2  liawethe  St.] 
[Stowe,  leaf  2:i6,  back] 

[3  the  St.]    13440 


1344^. 


Veims  threatens  me.    Gluttony,  a  Bmvcl,  sells  live  Flesh.     865 


'  And  be  wit7<-holJe  in  myn  lioushold  ; 
Yet  I  dar  make  descripciou7i ; 
They  be  ffoul  off  condiciouw, 
Off  shap,  off  ffourme,  I  the  ensure, 
And  ryht  lothsom  off  ffygure. 

*  With  hem  I  marke  many  On, 
Pylgrymes  that  by  the  weye  ^  gon ; 
Th62  may  skapen  on  no  syde. 

'  And  be  ek  war,  yiff  thow  abyde, 
A-mong  other,  I  shal  the  smyte, 
In  abydyng  yiff  thow  delyte ; 
Or  thow  must  be  in  thy  ffleyng, 
Swyfft  as  A  tygre  in  rennyng, 
But,  ffor  al  that,  I  dar  say, 
I  shal  nat  fayllen  off  my  pray, 
ffor  al  thy  fflyht.     whyl  glotonye 
Hath  power  th^  ffor  to  guye, 
Al  kommeth  to  my  subiecciou?^, 
"Wher  she  hath  domyuaciouw.' 

The  pylgrym: 
"  I  may  yive  credence  wel  her-to, 
ffor  glotonye  me  toldij  so. 
That  thow  or  she,  selde  or  neuere, 
Lyst  a-sonder  to  dysseuere. 
But,  as  ffer  as  I  kan  lere, 
Ye  ben  to-gydre  ay  yffere  : 
She  causeth  ffyrst,  in  substauwce, 
That  I  off  the  haue  acqueyntauwce, 

Tharene  glotonye  fful  redyly 
Answerdii,  that  was  faste  by, 

Glotonye : 
'  Yiff  thow  me  calle,  in  sothnesse, 
Lyk  as  I  am,  A  Bocheresse, 
Or  in  ffrench  (who  loke  wel) 
I  am  callyd  a  '  Makerel,' 
Whos  offyce  (to  specefye,) 
Ys  in  ynglysshe  '  bauderye ; ' 
And  lerne,  (ffor  conclus'iou?*,) 
That  ys  verrayly  my  surnouw ; 
ffor,  (the  soth  yiff  I  shal  telle,)    . 


[1  way  St.] 
[2  They  St, 


13448 


13452 

] 


13456 


13460 


13464 


marks  Pil- 
grims by 
tliese  Otficers 
of  hers, 


and  will  smite 
me  too  unless 
I  flee. 


[Stowe,  leaf  237] 


134G8 


13472 


[leaf  205] 

She  is  league  J 
with  Glut- 
tony. 


TAe  Pilgrim. 
I  believe  this. 


as  Gluttony 
first  told  me 
of  Venus. 


13476 


13480 


Glutton;/. 

Gluttony  says 
she  is  a 
Butcheress, 


whose  trade 
is  Bawdry : 


306  Gluttony  and  Venus  hind  me  hand  and  foot,  like  a  Calf. 


Gluttony. 


Blie  sells  live 
fieah. 


and  gets 
twice  as  much 
for  it  as  any 
other  Butcher 
does. 


[leaf  205,  bk.] 


Gluttony  is 
no  fish,  tho' 
she's  call!  a 
Mackerel. 
[A  liee  IJaud, 
Maquereaii, 
A  she  Biuid, 
MiKiuerelle. 
— SlierwooJ.] 


says  they 
liave  me. 


The  Pilfjrim. 

Gluttony 
seizes  nie  by 
the  throat. 


She  and 
Venus  bind 
me  hand  and 
loot 


'  Quyk  flessh  I  vse  for  to  selle  ;  13484 

And  yet  (who  vnderstondeth  me) 

I  ha  lernyd  wel  to  sle 

Mo  bestys  (in  conchisi'ou?*) 

Than  .iij.^  Bocherys  in  som  tou?j.  [' three  St.]  13488 

But  what  ffiessh  eue/'e  that  I  selle, 

Mor  money  at  the  stalle  I  telle, — 

Double  (yiff  I  shal  sey^  soth,) —  p  i  sey  the  St.] 

Than  any  other  bocher  doth  ;      [stowe,  leaf  237,  back]   13492 

ffor  wych,  my  name  t[o]  expressed       p  texpresse  c.  st.j 

Thow  mayst  me  calle  a  '  bocheresse ' 

Or  a  bawde,  and  no  thyng  lye, 

That  selleth  ffiessh  by  bauderye.  13496 

*  I  am  no  ffyssh  (who  loke  wel) 
Thogh  I  be  callyd  A  *  makerel,' 
Wych  in  ffraunce  ys  a  name 

Off  gret*  sclau/jdre  a7J<Z  diffame ;   [*  grete  st.,  gret  c.j  13500 
And  I  shal  lerne  the,  parcel 
Off  my  crafft  to  knowe  somdel : 
I  haue  abyde  in  soth  to  longe, 
Thogh  my  powerys  be  wonder  stronge.*  13504 

Venus :  ^  [Blank  in  MS.]  p  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Sothly,'  qiiod  Venus,  '  thow  seyst  wel ; 
But  ne  dred  the  neueradel, 
ffor,  by  the  wordys  that  thow  hast  told, 
We  han  6n  hym  fful  good*'  hold,  [^goodest.]  13508 

Wych  shal  tourue  to  no  lape ; 
ffor  he  may  nat  our  handys  skape, 
!Nor,  out  off  our  dauwger  gon.' 

The  Pilgrim: 
And  by  the  throte  tha?tne  anoon  13512 

Glotonye  held  me  so  ffaste, 
To  grou?ide  almost  that  she  me  caste. 
And  Venus  gan  to  neyen  ner, 

And,  fful  dredf ul  off  hyr  cher,  1 35 1 G 

Gan  ley  to  hand,  me  to  corifou/ide. 
And  they  han  me  so  sore  bou?ide,      [stowe,  ieaf2;i8] 
Hand  and  ffoot,  and  leggys  to, 

I  myghto  nat  meue,  to  nor  *"  ffro  ;  ["  nc  St.]   13520 

That  I  dar  affcnne  (and  soyn, 


They  tie  me  to  the  tail  of  Venus's  sow,  and  heat  &  roh  me.  367 


[1  To  a  calf]    13524. 


13528 


and  fasten 
me  to  tlie  tail 
of  Venus's 
swine, 
[leaf  206] 


whicli  drags 
uie  about, 


Who  hadde  al  the  nianer  seyn,)  The  pugHm. 

I  was  lyk  (he  myghte  ha  told)  like  a  calf, 

Tacalff^  wych  sholde  ha  be  sold* 
In  som  market  fFaste  by, 
On  stallys  in  the  bochery. 

In  swych  dysioynt  they  laddii  nie, 
Myn  Eyen  cloos,  I  myghte  nat  se ; 
And  for  tliey  wolde  nat  off  me  ffayl, 
They  bond  me  to  a  swynes  tayl, 
I  mene,  the  swyn  off  dame  Venus, 
fful  dredfful  and  fful  contagyous,  13532 

[6  lines  blank  iji  MS.  fo7'  an  Illumination.'] 
The  wyche^  (by  fful  mortal  lawe)      [« wych  c,  wWche  St.] 
At  hys  tayl  gan  me  to  drawe. 
And  to  brynge  me  vp  on  the  wrak, 
Thys  ylke  two  that  I  off  spak,  13536 

Venus,  and  ek  Glotonye, 
To  shewe  on  me  ther  tyrantrye, 
Gan  bete  on  me,  and  bonche  sore. 

And  affter  thys,  they  dyde  more ; 
They  Eobbede  me  off  my  treasom- ; 
And  ffor  that  I  ffond  no  socour 
A-geyn  ther  myglit,  (as  I  ha  told,) 
Bothe  my  syluer  and  my  gold ; 
And  nakyd  they  wolde  ha  spoyled  me, 
Nadde  sothly  0  thyng  be  :  ^ 
They  sawh  on  komen  ffaste  by, 
Vnwar,  wiih  a  gret  co?>ipany  ; 
And  pleynly  (as  I  koude  deme,) 
A  pylgrym  he  dyde  seme, 
And  a  gret  lord  (yt  ys  no  nay) 
By  lyklyhed  off  hys  array.  13552 

Venus :  *  [Blank  in  MS.]  [*  st.,  om.  c] 

(^uod  Venus  tha?me,  '  by  my  wylle, 
Lat  hy??i  lyn  a  whyle  stylle, 
Tyl  we  may,  ffrom  al  dauHger, 
Spoyllen  hym  at  bet  leyser.  13556 

*  Her  kometh  on,  me  semeth  now, 
Wych  ys  mor  lykly  ffor^  our  prow,  V  to  st.] 

Wham  we  tweyne  wyl  nat  ffaylle 


while  Venus 
and  Gluttony 
beat  me 

13540 

and  rob  me 

[Stowe,  leaf  238,  back] 

13544 
e, 

of  all  my 
money. 

[3  y-be  St.] 

13548 

But  some  one 
conies  in 
sight,  with  a 
great  com- 
pany. 

tells  Gluttony 
to  let  me  lie. 


368  The  Sow  drags  me  thru  the  7nud.  The  Newcomer  is  hcaten. 


while  they 
assail  tlie 
Newcomer. 

TAe  Pilgrim. 

[leaf  206,  bk.] 
Venus  and 
Gluttony- 
leave  me, 
and  the  sow 
draws  me 
tlirough  the 
mud. 


Venus  and 

tiUutoiiy 
attack  tlie 
Newcomer, 
a  great  lord ; 


beat  him, 


pull  him  to 
the  ground, 
blindfold 
him, 


stretch  him 
on  tlie  bare 
hide  of  a 
eumpter. 


and  bind  him 
fast. 


[leaf  207] 


'  ffor  to  spoyllen  and  assaylle ;  13560 

We  wyl  vs  hothe  putte  in  pres.' 

[The  Pilgrim:] 

And  wliyl  they  leifte  me  thus  in  pes, 
I  koude  make  no  declyn ; 

So  enere  in  On  the  cruel  swyn  13564 

!Me  drowh  out  off  the  hihi?  way 
Among  the  donge,  among  the  clay, 
At  hys  tayl,  me  to  confouwde, 
To  wych  I  was  so  sore  bou7ide.  13568 

And  whil  I  lay  thus  in  dystresse,    [stowe,  leaf  239] 
A-noon  I  gan  mj7i  Eyen  dresse 
To  be-holde  how  thylke  tweyne 

Wer  dyllygent,  and  dyde  her  peyne,  13572 

The  lord  tassaylle,  that  I  off  spak  ; 
And  made  hym  fyrst,  fro  horse  bak, 
Maugre  hys  myght,  to  lyhte  domi ; 
ffor,  mercy  nor  reniyssyou/i  13576 

Ther  was  noon,  on  no  party ; 
They  hjm  beete  fful  cruelly ; 
And  by  the  throte  they  hjm  took. 
And  puUyd  hym  so  that  he  shook,  13580 

Leyde  hym  lowe  douvi  to  grou^tde ; 
And  hys  Eyen  so  they  bouwde, 
That  he  loste^  look  and  syht,  [Uoostst.] 

Hys  force,  hys  power,  a7id  hys  myght.  1358-1 

And  affter  that,  thogh  he  wer  strong. 
They  gan  strechche  hym  forth  along, 
On  a  barhyde  off  A  Somer, 

Lyk  a  beste  off  A  bocher,  13588 

Voyde  off  pyte  and  off  shame. 
And  for  he  was  a  man  off  name 
(Semynge,  by  hys  contenau7ice,) 

Therfor  they  tooke  mor  vengauwce  13592 

Vp-on  hym,  and  bou7ide  hy7».  sore ; 
And  Venus  swyn,  with  brustlys  hoore, 
Drowh  hym  forth  On  the  bar  hyde 
Endelong  and  ek  a-syde,  13596 

[6  li-}ies  Uank  in  MS.  for  an  lUuvnnafion.'] 

By  brookys  and  by  sloOS  fowlc,      [Stowe,  leaf  2:i'J,  back] 


The  Neiocomer  is  ill-trcatcd  and  rohl.  Nobody  helps  him.   3G9 

A-mong  the  clay  they  hjm  dyffoule  ;  r^e  puprim. 

On  hyni  they  were  so  cruel,  ?6  is  be- 

''  ■'  '  fouled  in  the 

The  bar  hyde  halp  1  neue?-adel :  [n.aipest.]  13600   ciayand 

J  IT  J  Bl0Ugh8, 

ffor  thys  olde  wekkys  tweyne 
Gan  hym  cerche,  and  ek  coiistreyne ; 
In  eue/y  place  they  han  hy»j  souht ; 

They  took  hys  good,  they  leffte  \\ym  nouht,  13604   "■^Jj^f,'' ","^ . 

And  to  \\ym  dyde  gret  disesse. 
And  to  me  yt  was  noon  ese 

To  beholdyn  and  to  Se  *  (•  St.  trantposes  these  liiie».'\ 

Ther  tyranye,  ther  cruelte  ;  *  13608 

And  trew(e)ly2  yt  sat  me  sore,  V  trewiy  c,  St.] 

That  the  folk  I  spak  off  yore 

Halp  nat  hyr  lord,  but  hjm  forsook. 

And,  noon  hed  off  hy?ii^  they  took,     [■■' hym  om.  st.   13612 

But  in  hys  mescheff  lefft  hym  sool ;  leaVe  wm^" 

And  lyk  as  he  hadde  ben  a  ffool,  withscom. 

They  scorned  hym,  and  hadde  game, 

And  gan  la  when  at  hys  shame ;  13616 

[6  lines  blank  in  3IS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
They  halp  hyw*  nouht,  but  leet  hym  be 
In  hys  grete  aduersyte, 

Markede  hy??i  in  hys  mescheff,  [stowe,  ieaf240] 

Ther  he  lay  bouHden  as  a  theff,  13620 

Scorny/ige  at  hys  bak  behynde. 

And  swych  Iblkys  men  may  fynde 
In  many  place  (yiff  yt  be  souht) ; 
Whan  a  man  ys  to  mescheff  brouht,  13624 

And  falle  in-to  aduersyte, 
Iful  fewe  frendys  than  hath  he ; 

At  mescheff,  they  hym  for-sake,  [leaf  207,  bk.] 

And  but  a  lape  off  hy?ii  they  make,  13628   Men  often 

■'*'•''  thus  forsake 

Al  be  yt  so,  that  they  bef orn  ti'eir  friends 

■^  "  in  adversity, 

Wer  supported  and  vp  born 

By  hys  lordshepe,  in  ther  degre. 

Whan  he  stood  in  prosperyte,  13632 

Than  they  wolde  make  he»i  strong, 

To  stonde  wit/i  hym  in  ryht  and  wrong, 

Wit/i  false  behestys  (as  I  ha  told,) 

In  al  hys  werkys  make  hym  bold,  13636 

PILGRIMAGE,  B  B 


870     Tho  hound,  I  try  to  reach  the  Hcdcjc  on  the  other  side. 


Let  110  mnn 
trust  to  for- 


The  Pilgrim.   Tliat  they  wolde  with  byni  abyde 
ffor  lyff  or  deth,  on  euery  syde ; 
But  fynally,  whan  al  ys  do, 

I  ha  wyst  lordys  deceyved  so  13640 

In  dyvers  contres,  mo  than  on, 
Whan  ther  ffrenshepys  wer  agon. 
Lat  no  man  trusten  on  ffortune, 
Wych  selde,  in  on,  lyst  to  contune.  13644 

And  thus  thys  man,  brouht  to  the  poynt, 
Stood  allone  in  swych  dysioynt, 
And  in  gret  mescheff,  as  dyde  I ;       [stowe,  leaf  2in,  back] 
ffor,  Venus  and  Glotony  13648 

In  swych  mescheff  hadde  \\ym  brouht, 
That  off  hys  lyff  he  rouhte  nouht, 
ffor  hys  grete  aduersyte. 

But  than  I  gan  remewibre  me  13652 

As  I  lay  bou»den  in  the  phace, 
I  wolde  assayen  ffor  to  pace 
The  hegh,  that  was  so  thykke  and  strong, 
Off  wych  I  tolde,  nat  go  fful  long  ;  13656 

And  for  mor  ese  and  sofftenesse, 
I  thouhte  I  wolde  my  syluew  dresse 
To  the  path  on  the  tother  syde ; 

ffor,  wher  as  tho  I  dyde  abyde,  13660 

Me  sempte  the  placii  peryllous, 

Bothe  dredfuU  and  dotOUS.  [»  Lothe  diedefuUe  St.] 

I  gan  a-noon  to  neyhen  ner 
To-ward  the  hegh,  and  her  and  ther  13664 

I  gan  consydren  in  my  mynde, 
Yiff  I  myghte  an  hoole  ffynde 
To  pace  by,  that  wer  nat  thykke 

fful  off  thornys  me  to  prykke.  13668 

Al  thys  I  gan  consydre  and  se, 
Swych  routhe  I  hadde,  and  pyte, 
A-mong  the  sharpd  busshys  alle, 

That  my  body  sholde  falle  13672 

In  any  dau?jger  or  damage, 

Yiff  I  passede^  that  passage  ;     [=  passedc  St.,  possede  c] 
Prayde  god,  for  hys  pyte, 
ffrom  swych  harm  to  savcn  me;  13676 


I,  bound, 
remember 
tlie  hedge, 


and  try  to 
reacli  it. 


I  draw  near 
the  liedge, 

[leaf  208] 


which  is  full 
of  thorns, 


and  I  pray 
to  God. 


/  am  caugJit  and  houoid,    I  see  a  hideous  old  Hag,  Slotli.    S71 


ffor  I  stood  in  iful  gret  clred,  [stowe,  leafjii] 

Lyk  a  bryd  that  kan  no  Eed, 

Wycb,  in  liyr  gret  mortal  tier, 

Loketh  her,  and  loketh  ther,  13680 

And  for  dred  begy?aieth  quake, 

Whan  she  ys  in  the  panter  take. 

Or  engluyd  wiih  bryd-lym, 

Al  hyr  ffethrys  fful  off  slym,  1 3684 

Or  vnwarly,  in  heth  or  holt, 

Ys  y-slayn  with  arwe  or  bolt, 

Whil  she  ys  besy  to  escape, 

The  ffoulere  kan  hyr  so  be-Iape.  13688 

Eyght  so  fferd  I,  al  out  off  loynt, 
Brouht  vn-to  the  same  poynt ; 
But  '  who  that  wyl  nat  wha?^  he  may. 
He  ys  a  fool,  (yt  ys  no  nay,)  13692 

And  he  ne  shal  nat  \vha7^  he  wolde,' 

ifor  whyl  I  stood  and  gan  be-holde 
Now  her  now  ther,  and  for  tfer  shake, 
Vnwarly,  by  the  ffeet  ytake,  13696 

I  was  bou?;den,  and  forth  lad. 
That  for  fer  I  was  nyh  mad. 
And  knew  nat  what  was  best  to  do ; 
But,  amyd  off  al  my  wo,  13700 

I  sawh  a  wekke,^  Old  and  hydous,  ['  veUke  St.] 

Off  look  and  cher  ryht  monstrous, 
Pyled  a?i!ci  seynt  as  any  kaat,  [c.&st.] 

And  moosyMieryd  as  a  raat.  pmosyst.]  13704 

[6  lines  Hank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
And  thys  wekke^  (as  I  was  war)  ['  vekUe  st.]  [stowe.if.  2u,bk.] 
Vnder  hyr  Arm,  an  Ax  she  bar, 
Lych  a  bocher  that  wyl  slen 

Grete  bestys,  and  affter  ffleen,  13708 

And  sythen  put  he??i  to  larder. 
Lyk  swych  a  womman  was  hyr  cher ; 
ffor  bestys  at  ther  ffeet  be-hynde, 
With  a  corde  she  dyde  bynde,  13712 

And  cordys  ek  (as  I  was  war) 
Gret  plente,  on  hyr  Arm  she  bar, 
And  affter,  with  hyr  owne  bond. 


Tfie  PUprim. 

I  am  ill  great 

lear, 

like  a  bird 

cau^'ht  witli 

liine. 


As  I  Btare 
about, 


I  am  sei/.d 
and  bound. 


I  see  an  old 
Wekke  or 
[leaf  208,  bk.] 
Hag, 


with  an  axe 
under  her 
arm, 


and  ropes  on 
it. 


;i72     The  hag  Sloth  seizd  mc  because  I  cald  her  'old! 


The  Pilgrim. 

She  binds 
mc  by  the 
leet. 


I  ask  the 
ugly  old 
thing  why 
she  attackt 
ine  unawares. 


[leaf  209] 


The  Ilatj 
Sloth. 


Sloth  says 
she  is  no 
falcon. 


but  will  be 
tree. 


I  shall  not 
escape  her. 


She  seizd  me 
because  I  cald 
her  old. 


Strongly  by  the  ffeet  me  bond ;  13716 

In  the  knotte  ther  was  no  lak ; 
And  tha?ine  thus  to  hyr  I  spak  : 

PilSfrvm  [I"  Stowe's  hand,    pylgrym  St.] 

"  0,  thow  Oldii  Ryvelede  whyht ! 

fFoul  and  owgly  off  thy  syht !  13720 

Why  artow,  off  thy  cruelte, 

Kome  vnwarly  thus  on  me, 

ffals,  and,  a  traytour  in  werkyng, 

And  spak  no  word  in  thy  komyng]  13724 

I  wot,  by  tooknes  off  thy  fface, 

Thow  kam  neue?-e  out  off  no  good  place, 

Nor,  thogh  thow  haddest  the  Eeue/'s  sworn, 

I  wot  that  thow  wer  neuer  born  13728 

Off  no  good  moder,  out  off  drede. 

And  as  touchynge  thy  kynrede, 

Be  thy^  array  (yt  semeth  wel)  [stowe,  ieaf2i2] 

I  shold  yt  preysen  neueradel.  13732 

file  fforth  thy  way,  and  cast  the  bondys 

That  thow  beryst,  out  off  thyre  hondys." 

[Sloth] : 
(^iLod  she,  (as  in  conclusions) 

'  I  am  no  Gerfawk  nor  fawcou??,  13736 

Nouther  sparhawk  nor  Emerlyouw, 
Nor  lyk  to  thy?i  oppynyou?^ ; 
Ches  nor  bellys,  nyh  nor  ffere, 

To  be  boujide  I  wyl  nat  here ;  13740 

ffor,  al  ffre,  wit/i-oute  charge, 
My  lust  ys  for  to  gon  at  large. 

SlOUthe.  [Ill  Stowe's  hand,    slowthe  St.] 

'Trust  me  wel,  bothe  hih  and  lowe,  13743 

By  ffeyth  that  I  my  ffader  howe,^  V-  ffader  owe  st.,  ffade  howe  C] 

Thow  shalt  nat  (whaw  al  ys  do,) 

ffro  my  dauwger  escape  so ; 

But  thow  shalt,  for  al  thy  pryde, 

Ben  arestyd,  and  abyde,  13748 

Be  cause  thow  hast  ben  so  bold 

To  callij  me  *  stynkynge  and  old  j ' 

And  causeles  thus  blamyd  me, 

Wych  haue  in  many  a  place  be,  13752 


Sloth's  Master  is  the  Chief  Butcher  of  Hell. 


37; 


*  111  sonier  aud  in  wynter  shours, 
III  chaiuubrys  off  thys  Emperours, 
Off  kyiiges,  dukys,  (who  lyst  sek,) 
And  off  gretii  byssliopys  ek, 
Off  abbotys,  pryours,  and  prelatys, 
And  many  other  grete  estatys, 
Wych  neuer  was  (to  ther  semynge) 
Callyd  Oldii^  nor  stynkynge, 
Wher-off  I  wyl  avenge  nie ; 
But  yitf  thow  the  strenger  be, 
Aud  mor  off  power,  than  am  I. 
I  shal  the  venquysslie  cruell3\' 

The  Pylgrym- : 
Than  off  hj're  I  gan  enquere, 
That  she  wolde  me  pleynly  lere, 
And  declare,  by  short  avys, 
Bothe  hyr  name  a7id  hyr  offys. 

Slouthe^: 
'The  trouthe,'  yiff  I  shal  the  telle, 

*  With  a  mayster  I  do  dwelle. 
ffel  ajid  vnkouth  off  hys  clier. 
And  ys  off  hellii  cheff  Boocher ; 
And  with  thys  corde  (yt  ys  no  drede) 
Al  pylgrymes  to  hym  I  lede, 
As  thys  Bocherys  don  a  beste. 
8  wych  as  I  may  in  soth  areste, 
I  bynde  hem  by  the  feet  echoii  ; 
And  I  ha  lad  hym  many  on, 
Aud  yet  I  hope  that  I  shal, 
And  thy  sylff  in  especial ; 

Truste  wel,  for  haste  nor  rape, 
Thow  shalt  not  fro  my  dau/iger  skape. 
'  But  ft'yrst  off  aH  I  shal  me  spede, 
To  thylkc  place  the  to  lede ; 
ffor  I  am  she  (my  name  ys  spronge) 
That  lye  a  bedde  with  ffolkys  yonge. 
And  make  he?;t  tourne  to  and  ffro ; 
I*  close  her  Eyen  bothe  two, 
I  make  hem  slepe,  dreme  and  slombre 
Yonge  folkys  out  off  nou^^bre ; 


She  has  been 
among  kings 
and  nobles. 

13756 

[Stowe,  leaf  242,  back] 

[1  oide  St.,  oia  c]  13760 

and  will  be 
avengd  on 
me  tor  abus- 
ing her. 

13764 

[2  St.,  om.  C] 

The  Pilijrim. 

13768 

I  enquire 
her  name  and 
office. 

[3  St.,  om.  C] 

[leaf  200.  bk.] 
Sloth. 

13772 

Her  Master 
is  the  chief 
Butcher  of 
Hell. 

.le) 

She  leads  all 
pilgrims  to 
him, 

13776 


[Slowu,  leaf  213] 


13780 


13784 


and  inlends 
to  lead  me. 


[*AndSt.]    13788 


She  lies  in 
bed  with 
young  folk. 


and  makes 
em  slunilter : 


makes  tlie 
Mariner  sleep 


till  his  ship 
is  wreekt. 


She  makes 
brambles 
grow  in 
gardens. 


[leaf  210] 


374     Sloth  vjorJcs  by  the  Haven's  '  eras,'  to-morrma,  puttiny-ojf. 

Sloth        *  I  make  tlie  Maryner  fful  flfast 

Lyn  and  slepe  vnder  the  mast,  13792 

Tyl  hys  vessel,  by  som  cost, 

Be  ydrownyd  and  ylost ; 

I  breke  al  hys  gouernaylle. 

By  costys,  wher  as  he  doth  saylle ;  13796 

And  myd  off  many  strau?ige  se, 

The  wrak  ys  maad  only  by  me. 

ffor  lak,  in  soth,  off  goveruauwce, 

I  cause  that  al  goth  to  meschau/^ce,  13800 

Ther  loodma/^age,  ther  sttuff,  ther  wynes. 
'  I  cause  also  that,  in  gardynys, 

(Wlio  so  lyst  to  looke  aboute,) 

That  bremblys,  netlys,  fful  gret  route,  13804 

Wexe  and  encresse  round  a  rowe. 

And  manyi  weedys  that  be  nat  so  we ;       \}  in  many  st.] 

And  for  tamende  hem,  day  be  day, 

I  putte  yt  euere  in-to  delay;  13808 

ffor  I  lernede,  syth  go  fful  long,        [stowe,  leaf 243,  back] 

The  maner  off  the  Rauenys  song, 

Wych  by  delay  {thys  the  cas) 

Ys  wont  to  synge  ay  '  craas,  craas  ;'  13812 

That  song  I  kepe  wel  in  my  thouht, 

Thys  lessoure,  I  forgeto  yt  nouht ; 

My  custom  ys  ek,  what  I  may, 

Al  thyng  to  puttyn  in  delay ;  13816 

Ami,  myn  vsdge  off  Olde  ^  daate,        [^  oWe  St.,  oui  c] 

What  I  shal  done,  to  don  yt  late ; 

Wherfor  off"  ryght  (to  scyn  the  trouthe) 

My  name  ys  ycallyd  '  slouthe ' ;  13820 

ifor  I  am  slowh  and  eucombrows, 

Haltynge  also,  and  Gotows, 

Off  my  lymes  crampysshy?ige, 

Maymed  ek  in  my  goynge,  13824 

Coorbyd,^  lyk  ffolkys  that  ben  Old,      pcroobydst.] 

And  afowndryd  ay  \w!\Ji,  cold  ; 

On  ech  whedyr,  I  puttii  blame. 

And,  ther-fore,  Slouthe  ys  my  name,  13828 

or  Idleness,      Off  custom  callyd  '  Ydeliiessc.' 
or  Heaviness.       '  Tliow  luayst  mo  callc  ck  '  hcvynessc,' 


She  goes  by 
the  Raven's 
crag  (to- 
morrow). 


and  puts 

everything 

otf. 


Her  name  is 
81oth, 


Sloth's  Elijah-Axc.     Her  Rojjcs,  Sloth  and  Negligence.     375 


*  ffor  what  thyng  euer  that  I  se, 

Shortly  yt  dyspleseth  me, 

And,  ther-ofF  no  tale  I  telle, 

ffor,  I  am  the  same  Melle 

That  tourneth  ay  and  gryut  ryht  noiiht. 

Save  waste  vp-on  myn  ownci  thouht ; 

W^■t^  Envye  my  sylff  I  were, 

And  ther-for,  thys  ax  I  here ; 

Off  wych  Ax  the  name  ys  ryff, 

'  Werynesse  off  A  manhys  lyff,' 

As  thus,  for  verray  slogardy, 

A  man  for  slouthe  ys  wery. 

'  Thys  Ax  (the  byble  wyl  nat  lye) 
Made  the  prophete  Helye, 
Whan  he  ffledde  out  off  Bersabee, 
Twyes  slumbre  vnder  a  tre 
Callyd  luuypre,^  wher  he  slep  ; 
])ut  an  Au?igel  (or  he  took  kep) 
Pookede  hy??i,  and  made  hy//t  ryse. 

'  Wyth  thys  Ax,  in  the  same  wyse, 
Clerkys  I  do  ther  reste  take 
At  ther  book,  whan  they  sholde  wake, 
The  pelwe  to  lyn  vnder  ther  hed, 
ffor  sloutlie  hevyere  than  led. 
And  ffor  they  be  soget  to  me, — 
The  trowthe  therotf  thow  niayst  se, 
]ie  no  ropys  mad  at  Clervaws 
(ffor  they  wer  makyd  at  Nervaws) 
The  ton  off  hem  (to  seye-  trouthe) 
By  name  ys  ycallyd  '  Slouthe,' 
And  the  tother  (in  sentence) 
Ys  ynamyd  '  Neclygence,' 
Strong  to  bynden  and  enbrace. 
And  ther  hertys  for  to  lace ; 
Wyth  wych,  throtys,  sore  I  bynde, 
That  they  ha  nouther  wyl  nor  mynde. 
But  for  neclygence  spare, 
To  the  prest  for  to  declare 
Ther  trespace  by  deuocyou?i  [stowe,  leui 

Lowly  in  confessioun. 


13832 


13836 


[Stowe,  leaf  241] 


13840 


[C.&St.] 


13844 


[1  Uinj'pere  St.] 


13848 


13852 


13855 

[St.,  line  blank  in  C] 


[2  sey  C,  St.] 


13860 


13864 


13868 


is  a  Mill  that 
turns,  but 
doesn't 
grind. 


Her  axe 


[leaf  210,  bk.] 

was  sancti- 
fied by  the 
prophet 
Elijah 


when  he  slept 
under  the 
juniper  tree 
(1  Kings  xix, 

4—7). 


She  makes 
Clerks  sleep 
when  they 
should  wake. 


(Cistercian 
Abbey,  fd.  by 
St.  IJernard.) 
(?  Nervieux.) 


Her  ropes  arc 
called  Sloth 
and  Necli- 
gence. 


Ml,  back] 


she  stops  folk 
poing  to  con- 
fession. 


376     SlotJis  Roins:  1.  Hope  of  Long  Life;  2.  Foolish  Fear 


Sloth. 


other  5  cords 
slie  bears. 


[leaf2U] 

The  first, 
Hope  of  Long 
Life. 


The  second, 

Foolish 

Dread, 

whicli  stops 
folk  telliiiK 
their  sins. 


They're  like 
birds  fiiglit- 
end  by  a 
Scarecrow. 


They  won't 


confess  their 
sins. 

[loaf  211,  bk.] 


'  I  ber  ek  other  cordys  ffy ve  ; 
And  ther  namys  to  descryue  :  13872 

[8  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 

'  The  fyrst  ys  '  hope  off  longe  ^  lyff ,'    ['  longe  st.,  long  c] 
"Wych  in  thys  world  ys  now  fful  ryff, 
That  canseth  me?i,  for  lak  off  grace, 
To  truste  that  th6  2  glial  ha  space  [» they  St.]  13876 

Longe  ynowh,  to  telle  ther  errour, 
Ther  synne  ek,  to  ther  confessour. 

'  The  secunde  ys  (who  lyst  take  hed,) 
Off  clerkys  callyd  '  ffoly  dred,'  1 3880 

Wych,  off  ffoly,  maketh  hem  spare, 
The  trouthii,  outward  to  declare, 
Ther  synnes  clerly  to  dyscure. 

'  And  they  be  lyk  (I  dar  ensure)  13884 

To  bryddys  ffleyng  in  the  hayr, 
Wych  dar  nat  haven  ther  repayr, 
To  touche  nouther  corn  nor  greyn. 
Be  cause  only  that  they  ha  seyn  13888 

A  Shewelys^  enarniyd  in  the  ffeld      [' image,  Scarecrow] 
W/t/i  ])owe  ay  bent,  with  spere  or  sheld. 
To  ffleyen  hem  fro  ther  pasture, — 
Wych  ys  but  A  ded  ffygure, 
An  apparence,  and  noon  harm  doth ; 
The  Avych  resembleth  wel  (in  soth) 
To  a  prest,  in  hys  estaat, 
A  confessour  or  a  curaat, 
Swych  as  han  luredicciou?^ 
ffor  to  here  confessiou?2 ; 
And  trevvly,  what  they  here  or  se. 
They  muste  be  mwet  and  secre, 
1'her  tonge  may  telly«  out  no  thyng ; 
ffor  they  be  dowmb  in  ther  spekyng, 
As  an  ymage  wrouht  off  Tre  or  ston ; 
Ouht  to  seyn,  power  ha  they  noon  ; 
They  may  here,  but  no  thyng  declare  ; 
ffor  wych,  folk  sholde  no-thyng  spare 
To  tellyn  out  ther  synnes  and  offence 
To  ther  curatys  wyth  humble  reuerence. 
And  gaste  hem  nouht  by  noon  oppynyoun 


13892 


[Stowe,  leaf  245]    13896 


13900 


13904 


13908 


3.  Shame ;  4.  Hyjpocri&y ;  5.  Despair.   Hell's  Hangman.    377 


'  To  shewyn  pleynly  ther  confessioiuj ; 

ffor  goode  prestys  (who  so  taketh  lied) 

In  ther  kepyng  liaven  greyn  and  bred,  13912 

Bred  off  lyff,  sed  ek  off  scyence, 

And  goostly  fifoode  ek  off  elloquence, 

Hys  sogetys  f ructuoiisly  i  to  ffeede      ^'KuoTiJc!]' 

Wz't/i  doctrine  wha?j  that  they  ha  nede.  13916 

'  The  thrydde  Corde  ys  ycallyd  '  Shame,* 
Causynge  A  man,  he  dar  nat  attame 
To  tellyn  out  hys  ffautys,  nor  expresse, 
Only  for  dred  and  ffor  shamfastnesse.  13920 

'  The  ffourthe  corde  callyd  '  Papyllardie,' 
Wych  ys  a  mane>*  off  ypocrysie ; 
Wolde  ben  holden  raor  hooly  tha?i  he  ys, 
Dar  nat  telle  (whan  he  hath  don  aniys)  13924 

Hys  grete  ffautys  in  confessiou?i       [stowe,  leaf  245,  back] 
Lyst  hys  curat  kauth^  oppynyou/j         [^  kaugute  st.] 
Ageyns  hy?»,  ffor  hys  gret  offence ; 
Vnder  colour  off  feyned  Innocence,  13928 

Kepeth  cloos,  and  doth  the  trouthe  spare, 
Tyl  he  ffalle  in  the  dewcllys  snare, 
ffor  shamfastnesse  in  coufessiou?i. 

'  The  ffyffte  corde  ys  '  Desperaeioiui ' :         13932 
Thys  the  Corde,  pleynly,  and  the  laas, 
Wyth  wych  whilom  hangyd  was  ludas 
Wha?i  he  hadde  traysshed  cryst  ihe*'U ; 
Wych  corde  ys  ffer  ffrom  aH  vertu,  13936 

Off  vyces  werst  (shortly  for  to  telle) ; 
ffor  he  that  ys  hangema/i  off  helle, 
Wi'tA  the  corde  off  despe/'aciouw 

Hangeth  aH:  (in  conclusiouw)  13940 

ffolk  endurat^  in  ther  entente,  [^  indurat  St.] 

That  dysespeyre,  and  wyl  nat  repente, 
Neuer  in  thys  world  whyl  they  ben  alyve. 

'  And  w?'t/i  thys  cordys,  that  be  in  nou»ibre  ffy  ve, 
I  shal  don  al  my  besy  peyne,  13945 

Yiff  that  I  may,  thy  throte  to  restreyne, 
Hale  the  fforth,  and  no  lenger  dwelle 
By  the  way  wych  ledeth  vn-to  helle.'  1394t5 

[The  Pilgrim] : 


Her  tliiid 
ciini  is 
Shame. 


Tlie  fouith, 
'  Hypoci'isie, 
or  outward 
sliew  of  re- 
ligion, a 
counterfeit- 
ing of  zeale 
in  religion, 
Pape/ardie,' 
(Cotgrave.) 


Tlie  fifth. 
Despair, 


with  which 
Judas  was 
hanged. 


Hell's  Imng- 
inan  hangs 
all  folk  who 
despair  and 
won't  repent. 


With  those 
ropes,  sloth 
'II  haul  me 
off 


[leaf  212] 


378   Sloth  hinds  mc  worse.   A  ivhiic  Dove  frees  me.   I  see  Pride. 


The  Pil(irim. 


Slotli  smites 
me  with  lier 
axe, 


liiiids  me 
Willi  fi'esli 
bunds. 


and  Ijetfiiis  to 
pull  me  away. 


But  a  white 
dove  releases 
uie, 


and  breaks 
my  bonds. 


I  see  two 
liei'soiis, 


[leaf  212,  bk.] 

one  carrying 
the  other 
putty  one 
(Pride)  on 
lier  neck. 


One  (Pride) 
is  like  a  lion. 


And  affter  thys,  by  hyr  grete  sleyhte, 
And  hyr  Ax  that  was  so  gret  off  wheyhte, 
Lyk  a  thefE  And  A  ffals  ffelou?i, 
She  smot  ilie  so  that  I  fyl  a-dou?i;  13952 

[8  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
ffor  I  ne  hadde  power  nouther  myght,      [Stuwe,  learate] 
On  my  ffeet  for  to  stonde  vp  ryht. 

And  affter  that,  ful  sore  she  me  bond 
W/t/i  the  cordys  that  were  in  hyr  hond  :  13956 

Over  my?i  throte,  ffyrst  she  gan  he??i  caste, 
And  knette  hem  affter  wonder  streight  and  ffaste  ; 
And  ffro  the  hegh,  by  hyr  mortal  hxwe, 
Cruelly  she  gan  me  for  to  drawe,  13960 

Wher-off  I  felte  gret  anoy  and  greff, 
Lyk  taffalle^  in-to  gret  mescheff    » (to  have  fallen;  to  faiie  St.] 
And  gret  dystresse,  only  nadde  be 
A  whyht  dowhe,  wych  that  I  sawh  fle 
To- ward  hegh,  wych  my  cordys  brak. 
And  Ellys  hadde  I  sothly  go  to  wrak ; 
But  she  Avas  sent  vn-to  me  by  grace, 
Me  to  socoure  in  the  same  place. 

And  whan  I  sawh  that  I  Avas  vnbou»de, 
The  cordys  brak,  that  wer  gret  and  rou//de, 
Vp  on  my  ffeet  I  gan  me  for  to  dresse ; 
And  as  I  myghte  (for  vorray  werynesse),  13972 

To- ward  the  hegh  I  wende  ha  gon  ful  ryht ; 
But  ther  I  sawh,  fful  owgly  off  ther  syht, 
IVo  that  wern  to  me  ful  contrayre. 
And  to  my  purpos  gretly  aduersayre, 
At  the  pendant  off  an  hyl  dou«  lowe  ;         [c.  &  St.] 
And  on  off  hem  (as  I  koude  knowe)  „ 

In  my  beholdyng  (lyk  as  I  Avas  war)  ,, 

Vp-on  hyr  nekke,  she  the  tother  bar ; 
And  she  that  was  vp-on  the  bak  yborn),  [stowc,  leaf  210,  bk.] 
Was  gretly  bolle  and  yswolle  aforn. 
And  in  hyr  hand  she  bar  a  staff  ft'iil  rouHd, 
Wych  Avhilom  Grew  on  A  werray-  ground.    Pwan-yst.] 

[S  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.l 
And  off  hyr  look  (in  myn  inspeccyou/;)  13985 

She  was  lyk  to  a  ff'crs  lyuu//, 


13964 


13968 


13976 


13980 


Pride  described.     She  lids  me  yield  to  her. 


379 


And  hornyd  ek  as  an  vnycorn  ; 

And  in  hyr  hand  also  she  bar  an  horn,  13988 

And  lyk  a  skryppe  (ek  afferme  I  dar) 

A  peyre  belwys  aboute  hyr  nekke  she  bar ; 

And  she  hadde  On  (as  was  hyr  delyt) 

On  hyr  shuldres,  A  mantel  large  off  whyt,  13992 

A  peyre  off  spores  poynted  (soth  to  say) 

Lyk  the  bek  off  a  somer  lay, 

Shewyng  out  that  she  was  inaystresse 

Vn-to  hyi'e  that  was  hyr  porteresse,  13996 

I  mene,  tholde^  that  bar  hyre  on  hyr  bak,   [•  the  ouie  st.] 

Whos  clothyng  was  shapyn  lyk  a  sak. 

But  she  that  rood,  off  whom  I^  tolde,  [Mst.  to-fom  ic] 
Maade  the  tother^  lede  hyr  wher  she  wolde ;        14000 
And  she  that  bar,  (ye  shal  vnderstonde,)     [3  =  th*  other] 
Held  a  large  merour  in  hyr  bond, 
Hyr  owgly  ffeturys  to  beholds  and  se.        [noom.  st.j 

And  than  I  gan  a-noon  to*  reme»ibre  me,  1400-1 

Seyde,  "  alias  !  what  hap  haue  I,  or  grace  ! 
AH  they  that  I  mete  in  thys  place, 
Ben  olde,  eclion,  to-forn  and  ek  be-hynde  ;      [st.&c] 
I  ain  gretly  astonyd  in  my  mynde  ;   [siowe,  leaf  217]   14008 
They  wjd  me  slen,  thorgh  som  dysavcnture, 
Or  me  Out?'(/ge,  I  shal  yt  nat  recure  ; " 
ffor  she  that  rood  vp-on  the  olde  a-forn, 
I  lierde  a-ffer,  how  she  blew  hyr  horn,  14012 

And  ffaste  gau  affter  me  to  ryde, 
To  me  sayde,  as  I  stood  a  syde, 

The  Olde  Pride  :^  [5st.,om.c.] 

'  Yeld  the  ! '  (.\iiod  she  in  al  hast  to  me, 
Or  thow  shalt  deye  ;  yt  wyl  noon  other  be."         1401G 

The  Pylgrym:*'  [« st.,  ow.  c.j 

"  What  artow,"  qm«?  I  to  that  olde  ; 
"  Wenystow  I  so  sone  sholde 
Yelde  me,  and  knowe  nat  thy  name, 
Wit/^oute  morl  in  soth  I  wer  to  blame;  14020 

Thyn  offyce  ek,  and  also  thy  power, 
Or  tliat  [  me  yelde  prysowner." 

Pride  : ''  ["  P'-itle  St.    in  Stowe's  ImiKl  C.j 

'  Vnderstond  wel  ffyrst,  and  se, 


The  Pili/rim. 

Pride  is 
honieil  like  a 
uiiicuni, 


and  has  spurs 
as  sliarp  as  a 
jay's  beak. 

She's  mis- 
tress of  the 
woman  wlio 
carries  her, 


and  holds  a 
large  mirror 
in  lier  baud. 


[leaf»l:i] 

I  am  in  great 
dread, as  1 
tliink  lliey'll 
kill  me. 


bids  me 
yield. 


The  PUijrim. 

I  ask  her 
name  and 
office. 


380     lYide  ivas  Litcifei'S  Dcmghtcr.     She  mind  Adam. 


was  bred  in 
Heaven. 


Her  father 
was  Lucifer, 


wlio  was  cast 
down  to  hell, 


14024 


[Stowe,  leaf  217,  back] 

14029 


i.  Ouuw  St. 

14033 


14036 


'  And  wyte  yt  wel,  that  I  am  she 
Off  aH  Olde  sothly  the  Eldest : 
AVhylom,  iu  hevene  I  hadde  a  nest ; 
And  ther  I  was  Eyred  and  yleyd, 
And  engendryd  ek  (as  yt  ys  seyd), 
Thogh  yt  be  hih,  and  he?inys  ffer. 

'  My  ff ader  was  ynamyd  Lucyfer  ; 
Off  bryd  ther  Avas  neuer  (in-to  thys  day) 
In  bussh  nor  brau7iche  leyd  swych  an  Ey; 
ffor  affter  tyme  that  I  Eyred  was, 
Wyth  thys  belwys  (trewly  thys  the  caas) 
I  blewe  ther  so  horryble  a  blast, 
That  my  ffader  was  a-noon  dou?i  cast 
ffrom  that  hih  hevenly  mansiouw, 
In-to  helle  cast  fful  lowe  dou7i  : 

To-fforn  he  was  a  bryd  ful  clcr  and  bryht,  14039 

[leaf  213,  bk.]   And  passyngly  ffayr  vnto  the^  syght,  [» to  the  St.,  i(tr«<  c] 
I^J^oble,  gentyl,  and  also  ek  mor  cler 
Tha?t  Phebus  ys  iu  hys  mydday  sper ; 
But  now  he  ys  blak,  and  mor  horryble 
Than  any  deth,  also  mor  terryble.  14044 

'  And  shortly  ek  (in  conclusiouw) 
"With  my  ffader  I  was  also  cast  dou7J, 
In-to  thys  Erthii  dou«  ful  lowe ; 

And  ther  I  sawh  and  dyde  knowe  14048 

On  ymad  ful  fressh  off  fface, 
ffor  to  restore  a-geyn  my  place  ; 
The  wych,  wha«  I  dyde  espye. 

At  hyjH  I  haddii  gret  envye,  14052 

And  caste  that  I  wolde  assay 
ffor  to  lette  h.ytn  off  hys  way. 
And  wz't/i-Inne  a  lytel  throwe, 

I  took  my  belwys,  and  gan  blowe,  14056 

And  made  on  \\ym  so  fel  a  suit, 
I  made  hym  Etyn  off  the  frut 
Wych  was  dyffendyd  \\jm  (certeyn)    [Siowc,  leaf  218] 
Off  hys  lord,  cheff  and  souereyn  ;  1 40G0 

Wher-for  he  was  (after  my  devys,) 
Aft'ter  chacyd  out  off  paradys  ; 
Ther  he  loste  hys  avau/itagu.  ^ 


and  she  with 
him. 


On  earth  she 
saw  Adam, 


tempted  him, 
and  made 
him  eat  the 
fruit, 


tor  which 
lie  was  driven 
out  of 
Paradise. 


Pride  hrccds  Discord,  IVar,  Blood-shed.  She  will  rule  all.   381 


She  causes 
discord  and 
dissension, 


war  and 
battle. 


[leaf  214] 


and  incited 
the  first 
sliedding  of 
blood. 


'  Thus  wroulit  I  fFyrst  in  my  yong  age  :  l-iOG-i        Pruu. 

And  day  be  day  I  ne  cessede  noiiht 
Tyl  I  hadde  gret  harmys  wrouht ; 
if  or  yt  am  I,  both  nyh  aiyl  ferre, 

That  make  A-mong  gret  lordys,  werre ;  14068 

I  cause  al  dissenciou7JS, 
Dyscord  and  mdygnacwuws, 
And  make  he//i,  by  ful  gret  envye, 
Everych  other  to  dyffye ;  14072 

ifor  I  am  leder  and  maystresse, 
Cheveutayne  and  guyderesse, 
Bothe  off  werre  and  off  bataylle. 

I  make  off  plate  and  of  maylle  14076 

Many  devyses,  mo  than  on  ; 
And  to  rekne  he??i  euerychon, 
yt  wolde  dou?i  but  lytel  good. 

'I  causede  ffyrst,  shedyng  off  blood;  14080 

I  ffond  vp  fyrst,  devyses  newe, 
Rayes  off  many  sondry  hewe  ; 
Off  short,  off  long,  I  ffond  the  guyse  ; 
^N'ow  streight,  now  large,  I  kan  devyse,  14084 

That  men  sholde,  for  syngulerte, 
Beholde  and  lokyn  vp-on  me. 
I  wolde  be  holden  ay  sanz  per, 

And  by  my  sylueri  synguler ;       [stowe,  Ie.if2i8,  back]  14088 
I  wolde  also  that,  off  degre, 
Ther  wer  noon  other  lyk  to  me  ; 
Yiff  any  dyde  me  resemble, 

Myn  herte  wolde  for  Ire  tremble,  14092 

Eyve  atwo  almost  for  tene. 

'  What  euere  I  sey,  I  wyl  sustene, 
Be  yt  wrong  or  be  yt  ryht ; 

And  I  wyl  ek,  off  verray  myght,  14096 

Be  cheff  mayster  aboue  echon  : 
Other  doctryne  kepe  I  noon. 

'  I  hate  also,  in  myw  entent, 
Good  consayl  and  avysement,  14100 

And  overmor,  thus  ys  yt,  '  ■ 

I  preyse  noon  other  majdiys^  wyt,         [•  maHnys  st.] 
But  myrt  owne,  what  so  be-falle. 


She  will  be 
held  peerless. 


and  be  every 
one's  master. 


She  hates 
good  counsel 
and  advice. 


382    .Pride's  Contemjot  of  others,  and  love  of  Flattery. 


Nothing  is  to 
he  (lone  or 
siiid,  save  by 
her. 


[Ieiif21t,bk.] 


She  thinks 
all  other  folk 
Asses. 


l?ut  she  re- 
fuses praise, 
by  way  of 
mockery, 
saying.it'a  a 
joke; 


but  this  is 
only  sham 
humility 


to  make  folk 
flatter  lier 
more. 


Slie  leaps  for 
joy  on  hear- 
ing flattery. 


'  fEor  that  I  holde  best  off  alle ;  14104 

Aud  me  semetli  that  I  kan 

Mor  than  any  other  man  ; 

Ther-w^t7^  I  am  ek  best  apayd, 

No  thyng  ys  wel  dou?i  nor  wel  sayd,  14108 

P>y  noon  off  hih  nor  lowh  degre, 

Lut  yiff  yt  be  only  by  me 

Gouernyd  al,  to  my  delyt ; 

And  ek  I  wolde  ha  gret  despy t,  14112 

ffor  bothe  in  hopen  and  in  cloos 

I  wolde  be  preysed,  and  ha  the  loos ; 

ffnv  I  Avolde  no  maw  wer  preysed,  [C.&st.] 

Worshepyd,  nor  hys  honour  reysed,  „     14116 

Eut  I  allone,  mor  ne  lasse ;  [stowe,  leaf  2to] 

ffor  I  holde  ech  man  an  Asse 

Sauo  I,  wych,  a-boue  ech  on, 

Am  worthy  to  haue  the  prys  allone.  14120 

'  And  sothly  yet,  whan  \\\en  me  preyse, 
Or  wiih  laude  my?j  honour  reyse, 
Outward  I  do  yt  al  denye, 

And  sey  *yt  ys  but  mokerye  14124 

That  they  so  lyst  my  prys  avau?ice ; 
I  sey  I  ha  no  suffysauwce 
Lyk  to  her  oppynyou?*, 

To  haue  swych  co??imendaciou?i : '  14128 

And  al  thys  thynges  I  expresse, 
To  shewe  a  maner  of  meknesse 
Outward,  as  by  apparence, 

Thogh  ther  be  noon  in  existence.  14132 

I  wit/i-seye  hem,  and  swere  soore, 
Off  entent  that,  mor  and  more 
They  sholde  myw  honour  magnefye 
To-for  the  peple  by  fiaterye,^  C  flaterye,  natry  c]  14136 

Taferme  off ^  me,  bothe  fer  and  ner,  [« on  st.] 

That  my  wyt  ys  synguler. 

*  And  whan  I  here  ther  flatrynges, 
Ther  grete  host,  ther  whystlynges,  14140 

ffor  verray  loy  I  hoppe  and  dau7ico, 
I  ha  ther-in  so  gret  plesau?ice, 
That,  lyk  a  bladder,  in  ech  cost 


Pride  loolis  fierce  &  grand;  hut  she's  mere  Bladder  &  Foam.  383 


'  I  wex  swollii  with  ther  bost, 
And  thy^ike  my  place  and  my  Jegre 
Muste  gretly  enhau7zsyd  bo, 
And  thynke  yt  sytteth  wel  to  me 
Tave  a  cheyre^  oft'  dygnyte, 
Lyk  as  I  were  a  gret  pryncesse, 
A  lady,  or  A  gret  diichesse, 
"Worthy  for  to  were  A  Crowne, 

'  And  Avha?i  I  se  Eouwd  envyrou7je, 
ffblk  me  Obeye  on  Qwerj  part, 
I  resemble  a  ffers  lyppart ; 
Off  port,  oft"2  cher,  I-rous  aivl  ffel, 
And  off  my  lookys  ryht  cruel 
I  be-holde  on  hem  so  rowe. 
And  gynne  to  lefften  vp  the^  browe 
Off  verray  Indygnaciou?^, 
Off  contenau/ice  lyk  a  lyou?«. 
As  thogh  I  myghte  the  skyes  bynd  : 
Al  ys  but  smoke,  al  ys  but  wynd, 
Lyk  a  bladdere  that  ys  blowe, 
^Yych,  Wit7/-Inne  a  lytel  throwe, 
Pryke  yt  wit/t  a  poynt,  a-noon. 
And  ffarwel,  al  the  wynd  ys  gon, 
That  men  ther-off  may  no  thyng  se. 

'And  lyk  as  foom  amyd  tlie  se 
Ys  reysed  hihe  w^t7^  a  wawe, 
And  sodeynly  ys  efft  wft/^-drawe, 
Thdt  men  sen  ther-off  ryht  nowht, 
Ryght  so  the  wawes  off  my  tliouht. 
By  pryde  reysed  hih  a-loffte, 
'Wiili  vnwar  wynd  be  chauwgyd  pffte. 

'Ech  ma7ihys  ffixwtys  besyde  me, 
Saue  wxjn  owne,  I  kan  wel  se ; 
But  I  parceyue  neue?'adel 
Off  no  thyng  that  they  do  wel. 

•*  To  alle  scornerys,  in  sothnesse, 
I  am  lady  and  maystresse  ; 
And  off  the  castel  off  landown, 
That  off  scornyng  hath  cheff  rcnou??, 
By  Olde*  tyme  (as  men  may  sen) 


14144 

[Stowo,  leaf  21'J,  baok] 


[iChayerSt.]    14148 


14152 


[2  and  St.] 


14156 


[3  gyn  ...  my  St.] 


141  GO 


14164 


14168 


14172 


[Stowe,  leaf  2.50] 

14176 


14180 


likes  to  Bit  on 
a  Cliair  of 
Diiinity  like 
a  Duchess. 


[leaf  215] 


Wlien  folk 
obey  her. 


she  looks  like 
a  Lion ; 


but  it's  only 
a  bladder : 


prick  it,  and 
it  collapses. 


She  sees  all 
men's  faults, 
not  her  own ; 

and  not  their 
good  works. 


Of  the  Castle 
of  Landon 


[1  olde  St.,  old  C] 


384     Prides  Horn  of  Cruelty,  and  Bellcws  of  Vain-glory. 


alie  wus 
crowned 
queen ; 

and  cursed  by 
Isaiuli. 


[leaf  215,  bk.] 


Ttie  liorn  in 
lier  bead  de- 
notes cruelty. 


Her  bellows, 
spurs  and 
staff. 


horn,  and 
white  mantle. 


The  bellows  is 
Vain-Glory, 


once  blown  in 
the  forge  of 
Nehuchad- 
nezzar. 


'  I  was  sora  tyme  crownyd  quen.  14184 

I)ut  the  propliete  ysaye, 

Whan  he  dyde  me  espye, 

He  cursyde  (off  ful  yore  ago,) 

Bothe  my  crowne  and  me  also.       '^\P°r"'>e  S'jperbie  •  14188 

J  \  sale  280  {^apitula 

'  My  name  ys,  '  that  wyl  feynte 
Euti;-e  to  he  nyce  and  queynte ' ; 
And  I  am  she  (yt  ys  no  dred) 

That  her  an  horn  in  my  forhed,  14192 

Wych  ys  ycallyd  '  Cruelte,' 
To  hm-te  folk  aboute  me  : 
Off  verray  surquedy  a7id  pryde, 

I  smyte  and  wynse  on  eue?-y  syde ;  14196 

Prest  nor  clerk,  I  wyl  noon  spare  ; 
And  wyth  my  sylue«  thus  I  ffare, 
jMor  cruel,  in  my  ffelle  rage, 

Than  a  Boole  wylde  and  savage,  14200 

"Wych  rent  a-dou?i  bothe  roote  and  rynd. 

'  I  ber  thys  belwes  fful  off  wynd, 
I  ber  thys  sporys,  I  ber  thys  staff, 

Wych  that  my  fi;xder  to  me  gaff;  14204 

I  here  thys  horn  (who  lookc  wel), 
I  were  also  a  whyt  mantel,  [Stowe,  leaf  250,  back] 

To  close  ther  vnder  (vp  and  dou?^) 
Al  my  guyle  and  my  tresou?j.  14208 

*  ffro  tyme  long,  out  off  memoyre,  • 
Thys  belwes  callyd  ben  '  veyngloyre,' 
Ther-w^t/i  to  quyke  the  ffyr  ageyn, 
To  make  ffoolys  in  certeyn,  14212 

Thogh  they  be  blak  as  cole  or  get. 
Off  me  whan  they  ha  kauht  an  het. 
To  semyn  in  ther  owne  syht 

That  they  in  vertu  shyne?i  bryht,  14216 

Bryhter  than  Any  other  man 
That  was  syth  the  world  be-gan, 
Or  any  that  they  alyvii  knowe. 

'  Thys  Belwes  I  made  whilom  Blowe  14220 

In  the  fforge,  with  gret  bostyng. 
Off  Nabugodonosor  the  kyng, 
That  bostede  in  hys  rcgiou/i 


Vcdnfjloo'y  ruins  Rcnovn.    Fahlc  of  the  Foe  and  Raven.     885 


'That  the  cytc^  off  Balnloiui 
Wyth  al"-^  hys  gretci  Kyaltc, 
Wyth  al-  liys  fforce  and  hys  bewte, 
Was  bylt  and  mad  by  \\jvi  only  : 
Thys  was  hys  host ;  and  Ifynally 
'Wiih  thys  belwes  I  made  a  Icveiie, 
The  tHawmo  touchyde  nyh  the  heuene, 
But  aff'fcerward  yt  gan  abate, 
Yt  lasteth  nat  by  no  long  date. 

'  And  as  gret  wynd  (who  lyst  to  se) 
Smyt  al  the  Ifrut  dou?«  off  A  tre, 
Brawnche  and  bowh,  and,  levys  fayre, 
And  ther  bewte  doth  apayre, 
Ryght  so  the  wynd  off  veyu  glorye — 
Be  yt  off  conquest  or  vyct6rye, 
Or  off  what  vertu  that  yt  be — 
Yt  bloweth  yt  dou7j  (as  man  may  se), 
Worshep,  hono?^/',  Eenou?i,  flame — 
Tlier  ys  in  bostyng  so  gret  blame, 
ffor  bryddes  that  Hen  in  the  hayr. 
And  hyest  make  ther  repayr, 
Thys  wynd  kan  maken  he?»-  avale, 
Talyhte  lowe  douH  in  the  vale. 

'  Hastow,  a-for-tyme,  nat  herd  sayd, 
How  for  an  Exauvnple  ys  layd, 
That  a  Eeuene,^  Or  north  or  souht,' 
Bar  a  chese  wit/i-Inne  hyr  mouht'* 
As  she  fley  ouer  a  ffeld  ; 
The  wyche,^  wha«  the  ffox  beheld, 
Thoghte  that  he  wolde  yt  haue  ; 
Sayde,  '  Eavene,  god  yow  sane, 
And  kepe  yow  fro  al  meschau/ice ! 
Prayynge  yow,  for  my  plesauwco. 
That  ye  lyst,  at  my  prayere, 
Wyth  your  notys  fressh  and  clere 
Syngen  som  song  off  gentyllesse. 
And  your  goodly  throte  vp  dresse, 
Wych  ys  so  fful  off  melodye 
And  off  hevenly  Armonye  ; 
ffor  trewly,  as  I  kan  dysccrne, 

PILGRIMAGE. 


[iCiteeSt.]    I4:22-t 
[■■!  iiUe  St.,  om.  C] 


Pride 


14228 


U232 


[leaf  216] 


burnt  the  City 


As  wiiul 
blows  the 
fruit  off  a 
tree, 

[Stowe,  1 

caf2r)l] 

14236 

so  Vainglory 

14240 

blows  down 
Fame. 

14244 


14248 


[3  Raveiic  St.] 

Fuble  of  the 

Haven  and 

['  Soutbc  .  .  Moutlic  St.] 

tlie  Fox. 

Tlie  Raven 

14251 

flew  with  a 

clieese  in  her 

[5  wUiclie  St.,  wych  C] 

beal<. 

14256 


14200 


The  Fox  begd 
her  to  sin<r 


[leaf  216,  bk.] 


witli  her  hea- 
venly voice. 


C  C 


880     Fahlc.  of  the  Fox  and  Raven.    Flattery  spoils  all  virtues. 


Tlie  Fox  said 
he'd  come  to 
hear  lier  sing 
a  motet. 


Tlie  Raven 
opond  her 
beak,  dropt 
the  cheese, 
and  tlie  Fox 
made  otf  with 
it. 


Tlie  Raven 
WHS  deceived 
by  flattery. 


Let  every 
man  consider 
he  18  mortal. 


[leaf  217] 


Ther  ys  harpe  nor  gyterne,  [stowc,  leaf  2r)i,  back]  14264 

Syiiiplionye,  nouther  crowJe, 

Wlian  ye  lyst  to  syngc  lowtle, 

Ys  to  me  so  gracyous, 

So  swete,  nor  melodius  142G8 

As  ys  your  song  v:ith.  notys  clere  ; 

And  I  am  komen  ffor  to  here, 

Off  entent,  in-to  thys  place, 

A  lytel  motet  with  your  grace.'  14272 

'  And  whan  the  Eavene  luxdde  herkuyd  wel 
The  fFoxys  speche  euerydel, — 
As  she  that  koude  nat  espye 

Hys  tresou«  nor  hys  flllaterye,! —      [' flUatrye  c,  st.]  1427G 
ffor  to  synge  she  dyde  hyr  peyne, 
And  gan  liyr  throte  for  to  streyne, 
And  tlier-w/t//  maade  an  owgly  soum, 
Ther  whyles  tlie  chese  fyl  a-dou«,  14280 

And  the  ffox,  lyk  hys  entente, 
Took  the  chese,  and  forth  he  wente. 

'  And  thys  deceyt  (yiff  yt  he  souht,) 
Was  only  by  my  bylwes  wroulit,  14284 

^Y^th  false 2  wynd  off  trecherye,  p  fais  c,  st.] 

Thorgh  the  blast  off  fflaterye,i 
The  wych,  with  hys  sugryd  galle, 
Euery  vertu  doth  appalle  14288 

And  bet  yt  dou«  on  every  syde. 

'  Ther-for  lat  no  man  abyde 
The  wyndes,  that  ben  so  p'^/'yllous. 
Off  thys  behvj\s  contagyous  ;  1 4292 

Lat  ech  man,  (in  especyal,) 
Consydren  that  he  ys  mortal,       p  thynUe  st.,  thynk  c] 
And  thynke^  that  swych  wynd  in-dede     [stoive,  leaf  252] 


Eloweth  But  on  asslies  dede. 
That  wyl  with  lytel  blast  a-ryse, 
And  dysparpyle  in  many  wyse  ; 
And  affter  swych  dyspersiouM 
Al  goth  in-to  perdic'iou?«. 

'  Thys  belwes  ek  (yt  ys  no  drcde) 
Causeth  (wlio-so  taketh  liede) 
Bombardys  and  cornemusys, 


14296 


14300 


blows  fliites 
and  musical 
instruments 


that  quench 

VirtUB's 

liglit. 


PriiU  inspires  Music.   Her  Pcacoch's  tail.   Her  Boasting.   387 

'Thys  ffloutys^  ek,  vfiili  sotyl  musys,  [>  ffleutys  st.]  14304        p>-ide 

And  thys  sliallys-  loude  crye,  r^  shaWys  st.] 

And  al  swych  other  menstralcye, 

Wit/i  ther  blastys  off  bobbau/jce, 

Don  offte  tyme  gret  grevau/?ce  ;  14308.,- 

ffor,  wyth  ther  wyndes  off  gret  niyght, 

They  quenclie,  off  vertu  al  the  ]yht ; 

They  blowe  many  a  blast  in  veyn,      ?  chaffe  /  fro  St.] 

They  seuere  the  chaff  fer  fro^  the  greyn.  14312 

'  Thys  wynd  also,  (as  ye  shal  lere,) 
Whan  yt  taboureth'*  in  niy/i  Ere,        [nabourethe  st.] 
And  -wiih  hys  blast  hath  ther  repayr, 
Bereth  me  An  hand  that  I  am  iiayr,  14316 

Noble  also,  and  ryht  myghty, 
Curteys,  wys,  and  ful  wortliy, 
Wit/i  swyche  wyndes  cryyng  lowd. 
A-noon  I  gynne  wexen  proud ;  14320 

But  whan  ther  wynd  ys  ouergon, 
ftrut  ther-otf  ne  kometh  noon  ; 
Al  ys  but  wynd  (yt  ys  no  doute,)      [stowe,  leaf  252,  back] 
Turnynge  as  otfte  sythe  aboute  14324 

As  phane  dotli,  or  wlieder-cok. 

*  And  my  Tayl,  lych  a  pocok, 
Offte  sythe  on  heihte  I  reyse, 

Wit/i  swych  wynd,  wha/i  me/i  me  preyse.  14328 

And  whan  I  ha  swych  prys  ywonne, 
I  swolle,^  gret  as  any  tonne,  [=  sweiie  St.] 

Lyk  to  brestyn  I'or  swollyng ;  '^  i^  sweiiynge  St.] 

Ne  wer  I  hadde  som  aventyng  14332 

To  make  the  wynd  fro  me  twy/ine, 
AVych  ys  closyd  me  with-Inne, 
Me  semeth  ellys  al  wer  lorn. 

'  And,  therfore  I  here  thys  horn,  14336 

Wych  that  callyd  ys  *  bostyng,' 
Or  voyde  pownche,'''  by  som  lesyng.      ["  pawnche  St.] 
And  trewly,  \fiih  my?i  hydous  blast, 
AH  the  bestys  I  make  a-gast,  14340 

Off  my  contre,  for  verray  drede. 
Make  ho/j  to  lefft  vp  hyr  hed. 

*  And  oft'tii  tyme  I  boste  also 


With  con- 
tinual flat- 
tery, and 
blowing  of 
the  bellows, 
she  waxes 
proud. 


But  all  is 
wind,  with- 
out fruit. 


Pride  sticks 
up  her  tail 
like  a  Pea- 
cock. 


[leaf  217,  bk.j 

She  bears  the 
Horn  of 
Uoasting. 


At  its  noise 
all  the  beasts 
quake. 


boasts  of 
tilings  she 
never  iliil, 

her  lineage. 


ami  acquaint- 
ance. 


When  slie's 
done  aiiy- 
tliing  not- 
able. 


np  goes  lier 
tale,  and  she 
cackles  like  a 
hcii  that's 
laid  an  egg. 


388     Pride's  Boasting  and  Cackling  over  her  doings. 

Pride        '  Off  thyng  wlier  nGuer  I  hadde  a-do,  14344 

My  sylff  avau?ice,  otf  thj^s-and  that, 
Off  tliynges  wych  I  meuer  kam  at. 

'  I  boste  also  off  my  lynage, 
That  I  am  kome  off  hih  parage,  14348 

Born  in  An  lions  off  gret  renoii?^ ; 
That  I  ha  gret  pocession?^, 
And  that  I  kan  ful  many  a  thyng. 
And  am  aqneynted  \vith  the  kyiig.  14352 

'I  hooste  and  Llowe  otftc  A  day,      [stowe, leafi.w] 
Whan  that  I  ha  take  my  pray, 
Or  whan  that  I,  (lyk  my?i  awys,) 
Ha  done  a  thyng  oft'  any  prys,  1435G 

Achevyd,  by  my  gret  labour, 
Thyng  resownyiige  to  honour ; 
Consayl  ther-ott'  I  kan  noon  make  ; 
Vp  witJt,  my  tayl,  my  ffethrys  sliake,  14360 

As,  Avhan  an  lienne  hath  layd  an  Ay, 
Ivakleth  affter,  al  the  day  ; 
Whan  I  do  wel  any  thyng, 

I  cesse  nenere  off  kakelyng,  14364 

But  telle  yt  forth  in  en^ry  cost ; 
I  blowe  myn  horn,  (mil  make  ])ost ; 
I  sey  '  Tru  /  tru,'  and  blowe  my  ft'amo, 
As  hontys  whan  they  fynde  game.  14368 

Ryht  so,  wha?j  that  I  do  wel, 
Avau7ityng  I  tell  yt  eue/ydel, 
And  axe  also  off  surquedy, 

'Hath  any  man  do  so,  but  I,  14372 

Outlier  off'  hih  or  lowh  degre  ? ' 

'  And,  but  ech  man  herkne  me, 
(Wher  yt  to  hem  be  leff  or  loth,) 

Wz't/i  hem  in  sotli  I  am  rylit  wroth,  14376 

Be  yt  wrong,  or  be  yt  ryglit. 
And  I  Avyl  here  noon  other  whylit, 
But  so  be  I  be  herd  to-forn, 
Wha?«  that  enerG  I  blowe  myn  horn.  14380 

'  And  thus  tliow  mayst  wel  knoAven  how 
sherescm-      I  rescmblc  tlio  Coolckoow, 

bles  the 

cuckoo,  Wych  vp-on  o^  lay  halt  so  long,       [i  Oost.  (ieaf25;i,  iwcU)] 


[leaf  218] 


Unless  folk 
listen  to  lier, 


slie  £rets 
wroth. 


Pride  is  fond  of  Argument  and.  Chatters  like  a  Jay.     389 


14396 


which  knows 
only  one 
song. , 


Pride  will 
always  aigue, 


prove  white 
black, 


antl  innke 
great  noise 
about  it. 


Sometimes 
slie'U  extol 
Fasting 


*  AuJ  kan  synge  noon  other  song.  14384:        Pruie. 

'  And  avawntyng  (who  taketh  hcd) 
Ys  sayd  off  wynd  (yt  ys  no  dred) 
AVych  ys  voyde  oft"  al  prudence 

In  shewyng  out  oft' hys  sentence;  14388 

And  on  ech  thyng  (in  hys  eutent) 
He  Avyl  make  an  Argument, 

Sustene  hys  part  and  make  yt  strong,^  14391 

"Wher  that  yt  be  ryht  or  wrong/      [•  str&nge . . .  wronge  c] 
Sette  a  prj's  and  sette  A  lak, 
And  preue  also  that  whyht  ys  blalc  ; 
And  wlio-eu'Te  ageyn  hym  stryue, 
He  wyl  ft'yhte  witJi  hym  blyue, 
And,  holdyng  hys  oppynyou?i, 
Make  a  noyse  and  a  gret  sou7z 
fi"or  to  supporte?j  hys  entent, 
Lyk  as  yt  wer  a  thonder  dent. 

*  Somtyme  he  wyl,  oft"  surquedye, 
ffastyng,  gretly  magnefye, 
And  prechyn  ek  (by  gret  bol)bauHce) 
Off  abstynencc  and  off  penau^jce ; 
And  yiff  hys  pawnche  be  nat  fful, 
Wynd  and  wordys  rud^  and  dnl 
Yssen  out  fful  gret  pleute. 
To  make  al  folkys  that  hy;».  se, 
Vp-on  hym  to  stare  and  muse 
And  to  liere  liys  Cornemosc'^ : 
Swych  hornys  (wlio  that  vnderstoode) 
Ar  wont  to  make  noon  huntys  goode  ;  14412 

Hys  hornys  lie  bloweth  al  the  day,      [stowe,  leaf  254] 
And  langleth  euere  lyk  a  lay, 
A  bryd  that  callyd  ys  '  Agaas,' 
AVycli  wyl  sufi"ren  in  no  caas 
ISTo  bryd  aboute  hyr  nest  to  make, 
MVith  noyse  she  doth  hyvi  so  a-wake. 

'  Thus  alle  ffolk  that  here  hys  host 
"Wyl  eschewe  (in  eue/y  cost) 
Off  swych  a  bostour  that  kan  lye, 
The  dalya'u?«ce  and  the  co??ipanye. 

'  And  off  my  spores,  to  specefye  Her  spurs. 


14400 


14404 


[2  Rude  St.] 


14408 


to  m:ike  folks 

stare. 

[leaf  218,  bk.] 


[3  Cornemvse  St.] 


[Afiasse,  a  Pie,  Pianiiet,  or 
Magatapie. — Cotgr.] 

14416 


14420 


she  chatters 
like  a  .lay  or 
Magpie. 


390 

Prill)'. 
Of  her  Spurs, 


Pride's  Sjnirs  of  Disobedience  and  liehellion. 


one  is  called 
Disobedience, 


the  other 
liebelliou. 


The  first 
niiule  Adam 
eat  of  the 
fruit. 


and  take 
Kve's  advice. 


Tlie  second, 
KinK  Plia- 
raoli  wore. 


[leaf  219] 


when  he  re- 
fused to  let 
ttie  people  of 
Israel  go. 


and  was  h.v  it 
brought  to 
confusion. 


'  Wliat  tliey  tookne  or  signefye, 
Thow  slialt  wyte  (and  thow  abyde) 
That  offte  I  shape  for  to  ryde, 
And  am  ful  loth,  in  cold  or  heet, 
ffor  to  gon  vp-oii  }ny  ffeet, 
Yiff  that  myn  hors  be  faste  liy,^ 
And  al  niy?i  harneys  be  redy, 

'  On  off  my  sporUs  (in  sentence) 
Ys  callyd  '  Inobedyence  ; ' 
The  tother  (in  conclusiou?^) 
Callyd  ys  'Eebell'ioii?*.' 

'The  flyrste-  made,  (l)y  my  sut,) 
Adam  to  Etyn  off  the  ffrut 
That  was  forboode  to  hyvi  afforn  ; 
But  thys  spore,  sharpore  tha?i  thorn), 
]\Iaade  hym  stedefastly  beleue 
Tlie  cou?isayl  and  the  reed  of  Eue, 
Aforn  ytake  out  off  hys  syde  ; 
Eut  to  the  frut  she  was  hys  guyde. 

'  The  tother  spore,  hadde  also 
Vp-on  hys  Ele,  kyng  Pharao, — 
"Whylom  a  kyng  off  gret  renou?i, 
And  hadde  in  liys  subiecciouw 
(As  the  byble  kan  wel  tel) 
Al  the  peple  off  Israel, 
And  in  thraldam  and  seruage, —    . 
In  hys  woodncsse  and  hys  rage 
Wolde  nat  grau?«te  hein  lyberte 
To  gon  out  off  hys  contre 
(In  hooly  wryt,  as  yt  ys  ryff); 
And,  for  thys  Pharao  held  stryff 
Ageyn  mor  niyghty  tha?*  he  was, 
ffynally  (thus  stood  the  caas,) 
By  the  spore  off  Rebellyoii?i 
He  was  brouht  to  co??fusiou??. 

'  Hard  ys  to  sporne  ageyn  an  hal. 
Or  a  crokke  a-gey?i  a  wal ; 
Swych  wynsyng,  thorgh  hys  foly, 
Ageyn  the  lord  most  myghty, 
jNIade  hy»?,  that  he  was  atteynt, 


14424 


14428 


[1  fast  ly  St.] 


14432 


.  suyt  St.] 

14436 


14440 


[Stowe,  leaf  251,  back] 

14444 


14448 


14452 


14456 


144G0 


Pride  H  Staff  of  Ohstinacy,  on  vjhich  Saul  leant .  391 


14468 


[>  om.  C,  St.] 


Pharaoh  was 
a  fool  to 
strive  against 
God. 


Hut  Prkie 
made  him 
trust  ill  her 
Spur  of  Ue- 
bellion. 


14472 


[Stowe,  leaf  255] 


Pride's  staff. 


14476 


[^aflraySt.]    14480 
P  thyng  St.] 


*  And  niyddes  off  tlie  see  yilreynt.  14464    phiu^ 

'  He  was  a  tfool,  (yt  ys  no  faylle,) 
The  grete  mayster  for  tassaylle, 
That  ys  lord  most  souerayne  ; 
But  pryde  that  tymli  held  liys  reyne, 
Off  malys  and  off ^  surquedye, 
ffor  to  truste/?  and  affye 
In  thys  spore  that  I  off  spak, 
Tyl  he  fyl  vp-on  the  wrak. 

'Now  wyl  I  speken  off  the  staff' 
Wych  that  pryde  to  me  gaff, 
And  I,  to  my  protecciou??, 
Bar  yt  in-stede  off  a  bordouw, 
And  ther-vp-on  (for  my  beste) 
Off  custoom  I  lene  and  reste ; 
And  who  that  wolde  yt  take  a-way, 
AV/t/A  hym  I  wolde  make  ffray-; 
I  wyl  lene  yt  for  no  techyng'^ 
ffor  no  cou/isayl  nor  no  prechyng, 
But,  obstynat  in  my?^  entent,  ' 

I  voyde  resouM  and  argument ; 
ffor  with  thys  staff  (who  kan  entende) 
Myn  offencys  I  dytfende. 

'  ffor  thys  staff,  (in  sentement,) 
"Whylom  Rnd^  entendement, 
The  cherl,  held  by  rebellion//, 

Wha?«  he  dysputede  with  Resou//, 

And  callyd  ys  '  Obstynacye  ', 

On  Avyche  (the  byble  wyl  nat  lye) 

Lenede  whilom  kyng  Saul, 

"Whan  he  (off  Resou7i  rud  and  dul,) 

Was  reprevyd  oft"  Samuel, 

A  prophete  in  Ysrael, 

ffor  the  grete  vnleful  pray 

That  he  took  vp-on  a  day 

In  Amalech,  most  Ryche  thy//ges, 

As,  in  the  ffyrste  book  off  kynges, 

Makyd  ys  cler  mencyou?/. 
'  And  I,  for  my  rebel^iou/^, 

Hatyd  am  in  many  wyse,  [stowe,  leaf  255,  bauk] 


14484 


[*  Rude  St.]    14488 


to  lean  on, 


[leaf  :!19,  bk.J 


and  defend 
her  otfeuces 
with. 

This  staff, 
Obstinacy, 
was  belli  by 
Kude  Enten- 
dement 
(p.  288  above). 


14492 


14496 


14500 


Saul  too  leant 
upon  it  when 
reproved  by 
Samuel, 


for  sparing 
the  cattle 
he  took  from 
Anialek, 
1  Kings  (= 
1  Samuel  xv. 
9-33). 


892     Fridc  kccj^s  Pagans  in  idolairy,  and  damns  Jews. 


Pride 


is  hated  by 
wise  folk,  iiMil 
drives  away 
God's  grace. 


She  keeiiR  tlie 
lieatlieii  to 
tlieir  idol- 
atry. 


[leaf  220] 

and  the  Jewa 
to  their 
obstinacy, 


leiidinff  em  to 
perdition  and 
damnation. 


Her  mantle. 


fair  witliout. 


(like  snow 
over  a  dung- 
hill,) 


*  Off  allc  folkys  that  l>e  wysc  ; 
And  ek,  thorgh  myn  Inquyte, 
I  am  clieff  cause,  and  make  ffle 
Grace  dieu ;  to-for  my  llace 
She  may  byden  in  no  place  : — 
Wher-as  I  am,  she  duelleth  nonht. 

'  And  ek  also  (yiff  yt  he  soulit) 
I  cause  paynymes,  eu^rychon, 
ITrom  ther  Errour  they  may  nat  gon, 
Ydolatrye  to  for-sake, 
And  the  ffeyth  of  cryst  to  take, 
ffrom  ther  errom-  he?//  \v?'t//-dra"\ve, 
And  to  kome  to  crystys  lawc ; 
They  be  blynded  so  l)y  me, 
And  Indurat,  they  may  nat  se 
To  conuerte  as  they  sholde  do. 

*  And  the  lewes  ek  also 
I  nyl  stynte,  nor  cesse  nouht, 
Tyl  off  entent  I  haue  he??i  brouht 
To  ther  ffynal  perdyci'oiiw 
And  to  ther  dampnaciou?i : 
I  debarre  hem  from  al  grace, 
That  the  hegh  they  may  nat  pace ; 
Tlie  hegh,  I  mene,  off  penaunce, 
Ther-by  to  kome  to  repentaiwice  : 
I  sterte  aforn  he?»,  (in  certeyn) 
And  make  ham  for  to  tourne  agcyn, 
ffor  to  Avynse  and  dysobeye, 
And  to  tourne  A-nother  weye. 

'  Ek  to  tlie,  I  wyl  nat  spare, 
Off  my  Mantel  to  declare, 
Wych  ys  fayr  by  apparence, 
And  haueth  ek  gret  excellence, 
Both  off  shap  a7id  off  bewte 
Owtward  (who  that  lyst  to  se), 
ffor  couere  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
Al  the  fowlc  that  ys  Avyth-oute, 
As  Snowh  (who  that  loke  wel) 
Maketh  whyht  a  ffoul  dongel ; 
And  lyk  also  as  fressli  peynturo 


14504 


14508 


14512 


1451G 


14520 


14524 


14528 


14532 


[Stowe,  leaf  256] 


14536 


14540 


Prides  Mantle  hides  her  foulness.    She's  like  an  Ostrich.     893 


'  Maketli  fayr  a  sepulture  1454-1 

On  euery  party,  syde  and  brynke, 

Wz't/i-Inne  thogh  yt  ffoulc  stynke 

Off  karyen  and  off  roote  boonys  ; 

So  thys  mantel  (for  the  noonys)  14548 

]\Iaketh  me  (in  my  repayr) 

Outward  for  to  semy?i  ffayr, 

Parfyt,  and  off  gret  holynesse. 

*  But,  yiff  Outward  my  foulnesse  14552 

Wer  open  shewed  to  the  sylit, 
I  sholde  be  ffoul,  and  no  thyng  brylit : 
My  mantel  ovcrspredeth  al ; 

But  who  that  (in  especyal)  1455G 

Inwardly  knewe  lierte  and  tliouht,  [c  &  St.] 

Blowh,  and  he  shal  fynde  nouht ;  souffle;  si,  muicn.  St., ow.c. 
Wherfor,  by  descripciou/i, 

I  here  the  sygnyficacioure  [c.&st.]  14560 

In  resemblance,  and  am  lych 
TaffouP  callyd  an  Ostrych,  ['  To  a  fowl] 

Off  whom  the  nature  euerydel       [stowc,  leaf  250,  bncio 
Ys  vnderstonde  by  my  mantel.  145G4 

'Thys^  ffoul  hath  fethres  fressh  to  se,  [^  Thys  St.,  Thy  c] 
ffayre  wynges,  and  may  nat  ffle, 
Nor  fro  the  erthe  (in  hys  repayr) 

He  may  nat  soore  in-to  the  heyr ;  14568 

Yet  men  wolde  demy»,  off  resou?z, 
And  wene  in  ther  oppynyou7i, 
By  dpparence,  to  ther  syht, 

That  he  wer  hable  to  the  fflyht ;  14572 

But  he  fifleth  nat,  whara  al  ys  do. 

'  And  by  myn  habyt  ek  also 
Men  myghte  deme  ther-liy  in  al 

That  I  were  celestyal,  14576 

Goostly  and  contemplatyff, 
Parfyt,  and  hooly  off  my  lyff, 
liable  to  fflen  vp  to  heuene, 

ffer  aboue  the  sterrys  seuene ;  14580 

And  how  my  conuersaciouw 
Wer  nat  in  erthe  lowe  dou?i ; 
But  who  the  trouthc  kan  wcl  se, 


covers  stink 
of  carrion 
within. 


anil  iiinkos 
her  look  holy. 


[leaf  220,  bk.] 


Pride  is  like 
an  ostrich. 


which  has 
heiintifiil 
fe:ithei-s  and 
wiuKB,  but 
cannot  fly. 


So  Pride's 
mantle 


makes  her 
look  spirit- 
ual. 


3l>4  Pride's  Mantle  of  Hypocrisij.   The  Fox  and  the  Herrings. 


Her  mantle's 
imine  is 
Hypocrisy. 


It's  liiieJ 
with  foxskin. 


[leaf  221] 


Story  of  tlie 
fox  I'eiKiiitij; 
liitnself  dead. 


A  carter  flung 
iiim  into  his 
load  of 
herrings,' 


and  the  Fox 
ate  his  fill  of 
em  and  went 
ofif. 


[Stowe,  leaf  257] 


'  I  noutlier  kan,  nor  may  nat  fle ; 
I  ber  thys  mantel  but  for  ffraude, 
Off  ti'olk  outward  to  haue  A  laude ; 
And  the  name  to  specefye, 
Callyd  ys  '  ypocrysye,' 
Therby  outwanJ  a  prys  to  wynne. 

'  And  the  forour  wych  ys  wit/(-Inne, 
Off  fox  sky/mes  eueyydel ; 
Al  be  that,  outward,  my  mantel 
Ys  y  woven  (by  gret  delyt) 
Off  shepys  wolle,  soffte  and  whyt, 
I  were  yt  on  (soth  to  seye) 
By  fawssemlilau/it  w\mn  I  preyc  ; 
And  who  lyst  knowe  verrayly, 
!Many  men  vse  yt  mo  than  I, 
"VVrappe  he?>i  ther-iu,  in  ther  nede, 
In  hope  the  bettre  for  to  spede. 

*  I  covere  slouthe  vnder  meknesse, 
And  grete^  ffelthe  vnder  fayrnesse  ;      [igretest, 
Sey  (whan  rathest  I  wyl  greue) 
Saiictificet2ir  in  my  be-leve ; 

'  And  as  the  ffox  (yt  ys  no  dred) 

!Maade  hy//i  oonys  as  lie  wer  ded, 
And  off  fals  fraude,  (yt  ys  no  nay,) 
Myddes  off  the  Avay  lie  lay, 

Ded  only  by  resemblauwce 

Outward,  by  cher  and  contenaunce  ; 

Thus  he  feynede  ful  falsly, 

Seyuge  a  carte  passe  by 

fful  off  haryng  (ther  yt  wente)  ; 

And  the  cartere  vp  hy»i  hente  ; 

In-to  the  carte  a-non  hy»i  threwh, 

ffor  he  in  soth  noon  other  knewh. 

And  whyl  the  carter  forth  \\ym  ledde. 

On  the  haryng  the  fox  hy?/i  fedde ; 

He  heet  hys  felle,  and  wente  hys  way. 
*  And  euene  lyk,  fro  day  to  day, 

Vnder  thys  mantel  I  me  wrye,       [stowe,  leaf  257, 

Wych  callyd  ys  '  ypocrysye,' 

By  wych  (erly,  and  ek  ful  laat,) 


14584 

14588 

14592 

1 

14596 
14600 

,  gret  C] 

14604 
14608 
14612 
14616 


14620 


back] 


The  old  hag  Flattery,  v:ho  carries  Pride  on  her  hack.     395 


[1  sfpc  tu  St.] 


[St.  &C.]    14G28     [leaf  221,  bk.] 

If  she  luuln't 
lier  cloak  on, 


14G32 


14636 


wise  folk 
would  liuiit 
her  out. 


'  I  ha  be  broiiht  to  \\\X\  estaat  14G24       Prhie. 

fi'ul  offte  sytlie,  (as  me/i  may  se) 
And  reysed  vn-to^  hih  degre. 

'  But  yift"  thys  mantel  wer  asyde, 
Vnder  wycli  I  do  me  hyde, 
Off  ffolk  (tliat  vnderstonde  wol)  „ 

I  shold  be  preysed'  neue/'adel ;  [stowe  Ms.] 

For  fiblkys  wolden  at  me  chace,  [st.  &  c] 

Ilunte  at  me  in  euery  place, 
Sette  on  me  ful  many  a  lak. 

'  And  she  that  bereth  me  on  liyr  bak, 
I  shal  the  maner  oif  hyr  telle, 
Yiff  thow  wylt  a  whyle  dwelle.' 

The  Pylgrym  asketh:'-  [^st.,  om.c] 

Tha?aie  (\tujd  I,  or  she  was  war, 
Vn-to  the  olde  that  hyr  bar  : 
"  Certys,  in  myn  oppynyou??, 
Off  lytel  reputaciou?*, 
Nor  off  no  prys,  thow  sholdest  be, 
Be  thyn  offyce,  (as  semeth  me,) 
To  bern  A  best  so  cruel, 
Vp-on  tliy  bak,  Irons  and  fel." 

The  Olde  Answerde:^  [ast.,oin.c.] 

'I  am  she  that  ful  wel  kan  [stowe, leaf 258] 

Scorne  and  mokke  many  A  man  ; 
And  to  my«  offyce,  yt  ys  due, 
ffolkys  lowly  to  salue. 

*  Lordys  that  ben  off  gret  estaat, 
On  hem  I  wayte,  Erly  and  late ; 
In  wrong  and  ryght,  I  kan  he//*  plese, 
And  pleynly  to  thev  hertys  ese, 
fful  gret  plesau?«ce  I  kan  do ; 
My  song  to  hem  ys  '  placebo,' 
And  they  ful  wel  vp-on  me  leve, 

I  seye^  nat  that  sholde  \\qm  greue  ;  [*  seye  St.,  sey  c]  14656 
And  thogh  they  kan  me  nat  espye, 
Vn-to  hem  I  kan  wel  lye. 

•  And  my  crafft  I  thus  devyse : 
I  sey  to  ffoolys,  they  be  wyse,  14660 
And  to  folk  that  ben  hasty, 


14640 


14644 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  tell  the 
second  person 
who  bore 
Pride  on  her 
back 

that  she's  no 
good. 


Old  Flatten/. 


14648 


14652 


To  Lords, 


she  sin^s 
placebo; 


she  pleases 
everyone  by 
lying. 


89G       Flattery  lies  to  folk,  and  is  most  welcome  at  Courts. 


I' lattery 


[leaf  222] 


tells  tyrants 
they  lire 
pitiful. 


At  kings' 
Courts 


no  one  is  bo 
\yi>lcoine  as 
she. 


]Ior  song  is 
sweeter  than 
that  of  mer- 
maids. 


Her  name  is 
'  Flattery,' 
rousin  to 
Treason. 


[leaf  Hi,  bl 


'  I  atferme  ^  boldely  ['  alTerme  yt  St.] 

Tliey  Ijc  niesiiniljlo  and  ffrc, 
And  otf  tlier  port  Hal  ;'itteiii|ire, 

'  I  sey  also  (off  Hals  euteut,) 
To  ffolkys  tliat  be  iieclygent, 
That  they  in  vertu  he  l)esy  ; 
And  to  tyrau/itys,  ful  boldely 
I  afferme,  and  sey  hem  thus, 
That  they  off  herte  be  pytous  ; 
I  swere  yt,  for  to  make  he/«  sure. 

'  And  placys  ful  off  old  ordure, 
I  kan  strowhe  wit/i  Rosshys  grene. 
That  ther  ys  no  Ifelthc  sene. 
And  I  kan  sette  (or  folk  take  lied) 
A  Coyffe  vp-on  a  skallyd  heed  : 
Thys  niyn  offyce,  and  noon  other ; 

'  And  at  the  kynges  hous,  niy  brother, 
I  am  welkomyd  off'  euery  man, 
So  wel  to  hem  I  plese  kan, 
ffor  in  that  court  ys  no  gestour, 
I  yow  ensure,  nor  tregetour, 
That  doth  to  he?/?,  so  gret  plesau«ce 
As  I  do  \\nili  my  dallyau?ice, 
They  ban  in  me  so  gret  delyt. 

'  Yet  for  al  that,  my?t  appetyt 
Ys  to  deceyue  hem,  grene  and  rype ; 
So  swetly  wz't//  my  ffioute  I  pype, 
My  song  ys  swettere,  he»2  tagree, 
Tha/j  oft'  meremaydenys  in  the  se, 
Wych,  \v/t/i  ther  notys  that  they  sowne, 
Cause  folkys  for  to  drowne 
W/tA  ther  soote  mellodye. 

'  My  ryhtiJ  name  ys  '  Flatrye,'   [=  Fiatcrye] 
Callyd  '  cosyn  to  Tresou?i,' 
And  by  dyssent  off  lyne  dou/i 
Eldest  doubter  off  Falsnesse, 
Cheff  noryce  off  Wykkednesse  ; 
And  aH  thys  oldli  ffolk  (certeyn) 
Iler-to-fforn  that  thow  hast  seyn, 
]  I  excepte  off'  hem  neuere  on, 


14G64 


14668 


14672 


[Stowe,  leaf  258,  back] 

14676 


14680 


14684 


14688 


14692 


14696 


14700 


Flattery  the  N'urse  of  rridc.    The  Mirror  &  the  Unicorn.    397 


'  I  haue  he??t  fostryd  euerychon 

Wit/i  my  niylk,  on  and  alle, 

In  tast  lyk  sugre  ;  but  the  galle  1470-1: 

Ys  hyd,  they  may  yt  nat  espye. 

'And,  y^iili  my  mylk  off  fflaterye^     ['  fflatiyec.  st.] 
I  was  noryce,  and  ek  guyde,  [stowe,  ieaf2r)!i] 

In  especyal  vn-to  Pryde,  H708 

Vn-to  whom,  in  sothfastnesse, 
I  am  verray  porteresse. 
And,  that  in  me  ther  be  no  lak, 
I  here  hyre  cuere  vp-on  my  bak, 
And  ellys  she,  in  sowre  and  soote, 
She  sholde  sliortly  gon  on^  fotc'  p  vmier  St.] 

The  Pylgryni : '  ['  st.,  om.  c] 

Tha?nie  ([uod  I,  "answere  to  me; 

Thylke  merour  Avych  I  se,  1471G 

Wycli  thow  Ijery.st,  ther-in  to  prye, 
Tel  on,  "what  yt  doth  sygnefye  !  " 

Flatrye:-*  ['.st.,<.;«.c.] 

'  Herdestow  neu^re  her-to-forn 
Telly n,  how  the  vnycorn, 
OH"  hys  nature,  liow  that  he 
llbrgetetli  al  hys  cruelte, 
And  no  maner  harm  ne  doth, 
AVhaH  that  he  be-halt  (in  soth) 
Hys  owne  bed,  aiid  hath  a  syht 
Ther-off,  wit/;-Inne  a  merour  bryht?' 

The  Pylgryni :  ^  p  st.,  om.  c] 

"  I  haue  herd*'  sayd,"  C[und  I,  "  ryht  wel  [stowe,  leaf  2.50,  bacio 
Ther-off  the  maner  eue/ydel."  [« herd  st.,  iier  c]   14728 

Flatrye  : ''  ['  st.,  om.  c] 

Tha«  (\nod  she,  '  I  wyl  nat  spare. 
Off  Eesou?i,  Pryde  to  co?y«pare 
To  the  vnycorn  (off  ryht). 

The  wych,  wha«  he  hath  a  sylit  14732 

Off  hym  sylff  in  A  merour. 
And  belioldeth  the  rygour 
Off  hys  port,  he  bereth  hy??i  ffayre. 
And  gynneth  wexyn  debonayre.  1473G 

And  thys  merour  (in  substau«cc) 


Flattery 


was  nurse  to 
Pride, 


and  is  her 
Porteress. 


1  4  (  12     !^he  bears 

'  Pride '  upon 
lier  back. 


The  Pi  Iff  rim. 

I  ask  Fbdtery 
wliat  lier 
Mirri)r 
typifies. 


Ftiitter.v. 

As  tlie  uni- 
corn K'ives  up 
Ins  onielty 
when  he  looks 
in  a  glass, 


14720 


14724 


riiitterii. 

so,  when 
Pride  sees 
herself  in  a 
mirror. 


[lca|-22r>] 


she  tui'ns 
polite. 


398     Flattery  s  Mirror  of  Agreement.     The  Seiycnt  Envy. 


Her  mirror  is 
called  '  Ac- 
cordance.' 

She  always 
a<;rees  with 
Pride, 


who  then  is 
not  fierce, 
and  doesn't 
poke  with  her 
horn. 


Flattery  al- 
ways agrees 
with  wiiat 
Pride  says; 
and  is  the 
Echo 

to  every  one's 
talk. 


whether  right 
or  wroni'. 


The  PUiirim. 

While  we  are 
talking, 


I  see  an  old 
woman. 


with  spears 
in  her  eyes, 


[leaf  22:5,  bk.] 

gliding  on 
the  grass  like 
a  serpent. 


[•here  St.]    14752 


[Stowe,  leaf  2C0] 


'  Ys  ycallyd  *  Accordaiwice,' 
Resownywg  ay  (be  wel  certeyn) 
To  al  that  prydii  lyst  to  seyn, 
To  holde  wyth  \\ym  in  ech  degre, 
W^■t/i-oute/^  al  contraryouste ; 
ffor  wliyl  that  folk  hys  woixlys  p/'eyse, 
And  oil  heylite  hys  honour  reyse, 
Al  that  whyle  (in  sykernesse) 
Piyde  leueth  hys  flfersnesse, 
And  ellys,  lyk  an  vnycorn, 
He  vvolde  hurtle  wiih  his  horn, 
That  no  thyng,  on  se  nor  londe, 
Sholde  hys  cruelte  wit/i-stonde. 

*  And  for  thys  cause,  to  my  socour, 
I  ber^  vfiih  me  thys  merour, 
ftro  hys  sawiis  nat  dyscorde  ; 
"Wliat-euere  he  seyth,  I  accorde 
And  assente  ay  wel  tlier-to. 

*  "Who  vnderstant,  I  am  Echcho 
Among  the  rokkys  wylde  and  rage, 
Wych  answere  to  euery  age  : 
To  yong  and  old,  what  so  they  seyn, 
I  answere  the  same  ageyn, 
In  ryght  and  wrong,  to  ther  menyng, 
And  contrarye  hem  in  no  thyng.' 

[The  Pilgrim:] 

And  whyl  that  I  held  co?>ipanye 
And  dalyaurtce  wit/i  fflatrye, 
Heryng  the  maner  and-  the  guyse       ['  and  St.,  ad  c] 
Off  hyr  deceyt  in  many  wyse, 
I  sawh  an  old  on,  ful  hydous, 
Off  look  and  cher  ryht  outragous, 
Off  whom  ful  sore  I  dradde  me ; 
And  in  hyr  Eyen  I  dyde  se 
Tweynii  sperys^  sharp  and  kene  ; 
And  she  glood  vp-on  the  grene, 
(Me  sempte,  by  good  avysemcnt) 
Ou  allc"  foure,  lyk  a  serpent, 
Megre  and  lene,  off  chere  and  look  ; 
And  for  verray  Ire  she  shook, 


14740 


14744 


14748 


14756 


14760 


14764 


14768 


[■■i  sporys  St.] 


14772 


14776 


The  SeriKiit-Hay,  Envy^  carries  two  othcrfi  on  her  hack.  399 


Dreye  as  a  bast,  voytle  off  blood, 
Ilyr  fflessh  Avastyd,  (and  thus  yt  stood,) 
j\Ien  myghte  sen  botlie  nerffc  and  bon, 
And  hyr  loyntes  euerychoii). 

Other  tweyne  (I  was  wel  war,) 
I  sawh,  that  on  hyr  bak  she  bar, 
AVonder  dredful  and  horryble, 
And  to  beholde  ful  terry ble  : 

[6  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  IJlnmination.'] 
On  off  he//i  (by  gret  outrage)  [stowe,  leaf  26o,  back] 

Veylled  was  in  hyr  vysage, 
That  men  ne  sholde  liyr  face  se, 
Nor  hyr  port  in  no  degre ; 
Hyr  lokkys  wern  ryht  Rud  and  badde ; 
In  liyr  ryht  hand  A  knyff  she  liadde, 
And  in  hyr  lylft  (as  sempte  me) 
A  boyst  w^t/t  oyneme«tys  had  she ; 
But  hyr  knyff,  steP  sharp  and  kene,  ['must.] 

"Was  liyd,  that  no  ma?i  myghte  yt  sen, 
Be-hynde  hyr  bak  ful  couertly. 

The  tother  vekke,  that  rood  on  hih, 
Hadde  in  hyr  hand  a  swerd  also. 
And  (as  I  took  good  hed  ther-to) 
Endelong  yt  was  yset, 
fPul  off  Eerys,  and  y-ffret 
Off  swych  folkys  as  wer  wood. 
The  toon  Ende,  (thus  yt  stood,) 
She  yt  held  wit/i-Inne  hyr  mouth, 
Wych  Avas  a  thyng  ful  vnkouth. 
And  ther-witA-al,  slie,^  euere  in  on,    [^  she  St.,  tiie  c] 
ffaste  gnew  vp-on  a  bon  ; 

And  (bettre  hede^  ek  as  I  took,)       [' hede  st.,  hed  c] 
She  hadde  also  a  long  flessh-hook, 
Double-fforkyd  at  the  ende. 
Sharp  and  krokyd  for  to  rende. 

The  Pylgrym:^ 
Thys  thynges  whan  I  gan  beholde, 
Off  the  wych  aforn  I  tolde, 
I  abrayd  with  al  my  peyne  ; 
And  off  hyre  that  bar  the  tweyne 


14780 


14784 


14788 


14792 


14796 


14800 


14804 


14808 


The  Pilgrim. 


Tlie  .'^erpent- 
liag  (P^nvy) 
bore  two 
ot)iers  on  Iter 
back. 


One  wai 
veiled. 


and  lield  a 
knife  in  lier 
right  hand. 


behind  her 
back. 


The  other 
)iag  had  a 
Bword  in  her 
hand, 


full  of  ears, 
[leaf  224] 


(and  held  one 
end  in  her 
mouth,) 


and  a  loiiff 
liesh-hook. 


[*St.,  om.C] 


14812 


[Stowe,  leaf  2G1] 


400     Fahc  Envy  is  the  daufjldcr  of  Pride,  hy  >Satan. 
Thp  Pilgrim.   Vp-ou  liyr  bak  /  I  gan  enquerc, 

J  ;isktlie  hag     That  sllC  Ivst  lUG  foi'  tO   IciO,  14816 

(Envy)  tlie  -^  '  ' 

iiiimes  of  tiie    ^^d  cleclareii  vn-to  nie 

tliree. 

Wheroff  tliey  seruede  aWe  thre, 
And  off  that  owgly  co/»paiiye 

They  wolde  lier  naniys  specefye.  14820 

Envi,.  Envye  Answerde  : -^        [istowe,  leaf  201.  ow.c] 

'  I  nierveylle  nat,'  ywys,  e\rin(l  she, 
The  Serpent-    '  Thogh  [that]  thow  ahaysshed  be; 

liag  says  she  . 

IS  Itor  tlic  trouthe,  yiu  i  shai  seye, 

AVg  woldii  make  the  to  deye  14824 

Or  tliow  sholdest  yt  espye. 
'  False  Knvy,'        '  ffor  I  aiu  calK^d  '  Fals  Envyc,' 

(laiiffliter  to 

I'riiie  and        Douhter  to  Prvdc  :  whvloni  I  was 

Satan.  ■'  •' 

Conceyved  wha«  that  Sathanas  14828 

By  hys  cursyd  moder  lay, 

Sythe  go  fEul  many  a-  day  ;  [» a  c.ow.  St.] 

And  trustly,  thogh  I  be  nat  ff'ayr, 

I  am  hys  douhter  and  hys  hayr,  14832 

Who  so  lyst  seke  out  the  lyne. 
'  And  shortly  to  deterniyne, 
[ieaf22t,i)k.]   Who  SO  that  cousydre  wel, 
siie  has  upset  Tlier  ys  strcngthii  uor  castel,  14836 

every  fort  and     „       ,'  ,        ,  ^  , 

eastie.  JMoutlier  cyte,  borgn  nor  tou«, 

But  that  I,  by  fals  tresou//, 

liaue  he?/?  tournyd  vp  so  dou?i      [stowe,  leaf  201,  bad;] 

]jy  slauhtre  and  gret  occisiou??.  14840 

And  haue  her-oli'  the  lasse  Avonder, 

Whan  I  devydede  \\cm  assouder. 
She  is  the  '  I  am  that  beste  (who  taketh  kep) 

(le'vouved         That  devowrede  whilom  Joseph,  14844 

Joseph, 

nor  whom  lacob,  in  gret  peyne, 
Gan  to  sorwen  and  co?yq')leyne, 
as  Jacob  Sajnle,  in  hys  mortal  rage,  14847 

thought,     j^^^^^  ^  ^^^^^j^  ^^^^^^  ^,^^^^^  *^i;::;t,'dSnuit ' 

Hadde  hys  chyld  falsly  devowryd,        ^""'^  ■  •  •   «'-  »'"•  ^• 
Wher-otf  he  myghte  nat  be  socouryd  ; 
He  ffelte  yt'  at  hys  hertc  roote. 

'And  vn-to  me  ys  nothyng  sootc  14852 

(The  trouthe  yill"  I  shal  exprcssc,) 


Envy  delights  in  other  folks'  griff.     She'll  never  die.       401 


'  But  other  folkys  l)ytternessc ; 

And  whan  I  se  tiblk  lone  and  bare, 

That  ys  my  norysshyng  and  -welft'are ; 

And  thus  with  me  the  game  goth : 

Gladdest  I  am,  whan  folk  ar^  wroth ; 

Ther  mescheff  (I  yow  ensure) 

Ys  my  fedyng  and  pasture  ; 

The  my  Ik  off  other  me?ihys  greff, 

Off  my  fostryng  ys  most  cheff ; 

And  yiff  I  hadde  ther-off  plonte, 

I  sholde  be  faat^  in  my  degrc, 

And  for  I  ha  nat  my??.  Entent 

Off  plente,  therfor,  I  am  shent ; 

I  wexe  megre,  pale  and  lene, 

Dyscolouryd,  off  verray  tene, 

As  I  sholde  yelde  vp  the  breth ; 

And  no  thyng  so  sone  me  sleth 

At  alh!''  tymes,  as  whan  I  se 

Other  folk  m  prosperyte  ; 

And  ther  habu??dau?ice  in  good, 

That  dryeth  and  sowketh  vp  my  blood. 

(The  trouthe,  ylff  I  shal  yow  teche) 

Evene  lyk  an  horse  leche. 

'And  I  dar  seyn,  (in  my ii  avys,) 
Yiff  that  I  were  in  paradys, 
I  sholde  deye,  cmd  nat  abyde, 
To  beholde,  on  euej-y  syde, 
The  loye  and  the  ffelycyte 
Off  hem  that  ben  in  that  contre ; 
To  me  y t  sholde  be  grete  ^  wrong,        [^  s 
ffor  to  duellyn  he??i  among ; 
Yt  wolde  my«  herte  assonder  rende  ; 
And  platly,  to  the  worldys  ende, 
I  dar  wel  coreferme  and  seye, 
I,  envye,  shal  neue;-e  deye, 
^or  in  no  cas  yelde  vp  the  breth  ; 
ffor  he  that  ys  ycallyd  '  deth,' 
Thorgh-out  the  worlde,-^  fyually, 
Shal  be  ded  as  sone  as  I. 

'I  am  that  beste  serpentyne, 

PILGRIMAGE. 


Envjj. 


U856 


[1  arn  St.] 


148G0 


[2«fattst.]  14864 


Notliiiif;  is 
sweet  til  lier 
•but  l)itternes3 
to  other  fulk. 


Their  sorrows 
are  her  best 
food. 


14868 


[Stowe,  leaf  202] 


14872 


14876 


14880 


;rete  St.,  gret  C] 

14884 


14888 


[♦  worUle  St.,  world  C] 

14892 


[le;if  22,5] 

Nothing  so 
grieves  lier 
as  tlie  pros- 
perity of 
others. 


Were  she  in 
Paradise, 
she'd  die  at 
seeing  others 
joy. 


Yet '  Envy ' 
shall  never 
die  out  of  the 
world. 


402      The  two  Spears  in  the  eyes  of  Envy.     One  -picrst  Christ. 


Envy 


is  a  Serpent 
who  liates 
every  one. 


Slie  cari'ies 
two  spears  in 
lier  eyes ; 


[leaf  225,  bk.] 


the  one  is 
called  Wrath 
of  other  folks' 
Prosperity, 


the  other, 
Joy  of  tlieir 
Adversity. 


With  the  first 
Saul,  an^jry 
and  envious, 
tried  to  kill 
David. 


With  the 
oilier,  Christ 
wa<  pierced 
to  the  heart 
bv  Lonsius. 


'  Wych,  off  entent,  my  sylff  enclyne, 

Wit/i  alle  folkys  to  debaate ; 

And  alle  ffolkys  ek  I  haate ; 

I  loue  no  thyng  (tliys  the  cas) 

Hifi  nor  lowe,  hault  nor  baas, 

In  hevene,  erthe,  nor  in  the  se ; 

I  ha  despyt  off  chary te, 

And  ek  also,  in  every  cost,  [stowe,  leaf  202,  back] 

I  werreye  the  holy  gost ; 

And  Av^t7i  thys  sperys  (in  certeyne) 

Set  w^■t/i-Inne  niyw  Eyen  tweyne, 

I  werreye  euery  maner  whyht ; 

I  taake  noon  heed  off  wrong  nor  ryht, 

Reward  off  no  man  alyiie. 

'  And  the  namys  to  descry ue. 
Off  thys  sperys  that  I  tolde,  [C.  &  St.] 

Wych  that  thow  dost^  [in  me]  beholde  :  ^afootlf^^^ulw 
The  Ton  ys  namyd  (Truste  me) 
*  Wrath  the  off  the  prosperyte 
Off  other  ffolkys  me  besyde, 
Wher  that  eue?'  I  go  or  ryde ; ' 
The  tother  callyd  ys  off  me, 
'  loye  off  ffolkys  aduersyte  : ' 
Yt  maketh  me  glad,  and  nothyng  dul ; 
And  wit/A  the  ffyrste  spere,  kyng  Sai;l, 
He  afforcede  hym-sylff  ther-Av^t^, 

ffor  taslayn^  kyng  Davyd  ;  [^  to  hn  siayn  st.]  1 4920 

Hanger^  fret  on  hy»i  so  sore,  P  Aunger  st.] 

Wha»  he  herde  the  prys  was  more 
Off  Davyd  tha?i  off  hy;/?.-sylff,  alias  ! 
Off  envye  (and  thus  yt  was) 
He  hadde  so  inly  gret  dysdeyn, 
So  gret  despyt  (ek  in  certeyn) 
That  he  ne  myghte  (I  ensure) 
In  hys  herte  the  wo  endure. 

'  The  tother  spere  off  wych  I  spak 
Ther-witA.  was  taken  fful  gret  Avrak, 
ffor  ther-wz't/?,  (who  that  lyst  aduerte,) 
Cryst  was  percyd  to  the  herte  [stowe,  icaf2G:i]  14932 

Uy  the  hand  cjff'  Longius 


14896 


14900 


14904 


14908 


14912 


14916 


14924 


14928 


Envy's  eyes  slay  like  the  Basilisk's.    Her  two  Daughters.    403 


'  (As  the  gospel  telleth  vs) 
Affter  liys  grevous  passiouw. 

'  And  yet  (as  in  conclusion?*) 
Whan  he  drank  Eysel  and  galle, 
Scornyng  oif  the  lewes  alle, 
Ther  mowyng  and  derysiouw 
Was  to  hy??i  gretter  passiouTi 
In  hys  suffryug,  or  he  was  ded, 
Than  was  the  sharpe  sperys  hed, 
Wych,  A-niong  hys  peynes  smerte, 
Eooff  that  lord  vn-to  the  herte. 

'  And  thys  sperys  bothe  two, 
Yplauwtyd  ben  (tak  hed  her-to) 
Myd  off  myre  herte  ajid  off  my  thouhte, 
And  fro  me  departe  nouht ; 
And  fro  my?i  eyen  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
Thys  two  sperys  kam  fyrst  oute ; 
And  ther  (yiff  I  shal  nat  feyne) 
They  be  set  lyk  homes  tweyne, 
And  Eound  aboutew  envyrou?^ 
They  envenyme  as  poysou/i. 

'  Myn  eyen  ben  off  kynde  lyk 
The  Eyen  off  a  basylyk, 
Wych,  w^t7i  a  sodeyn  look,  me;i  sleyth, 
And  maketh  he??i  yeldyn  vp  the  broth ; 
And  wlio  that  dwelleth  nyh  by  me, 
He  deyeth  A-noon  as  I  hyHi  se ; 
Ther  may  no  ma?z  hyni-sylff  for-bere, 
But  my  two  douhtres  that  I  here. 

'  Yiff  thow  lyst  a  whylii  dwelle,      [Stowe,  !eaf  263, 
At  bet  leyser  they  may  the  telle 
Than  may  I,  (on  euery  syde) 
Be  cause  only  that  they  ryde 
Vp-on  my  bak,  at  ese  and  reste ; 
fior  they  ha  leyser  at  the  beste, 
(Who  taketh  hed)  mor  than  haue  I ; 
Therfore  oppose  he?7i  by  and  by, 
What  I  am,  bothe  fer  and  ner, 
And  they  wyl  telle  the  my  maner.' 

The  Pylgrym :  ^  v-  st.,  om.  c. 


Envij. 


14936 


Tlie  Jews' 
scorn  paiiid 
Christ  more 
than  His 
death  did. 


14940 


14944        [leaf  226] 


14948 


14952 


14956 


14960 


back] 

14964 


14968 


14972 

] 


Envy's  two 
spears  came 
from  her 

eyes. 


and  shed 
poison  round 
her. 


Her  eyes  sl.iy 
like  the  eye 
of  a  basilisk, 


and  kill  her 
neighbours. 


Only  her  two 
dau(»hters 
can  live  with 
them, 


who  ride  upon 
her  back. 


She  bids  me 

question 

them. 


404  Envy's  daughter,  Treason,  carries  out  her  Mother  s  maliec. 


I  ask  Envy's 

upper 

Daughter 


who  slie  is. 
[leaf  220,  bk.] 
Treason. 


She  is  called 
'  Treason," 


by  wliom  is 
executed  the 
malice  and 
venom  of 
her  mother 
•Envy.' 


She  was  first 
put  to  school 


under  her 
father. 


who  taught 
lier  Sister  to 
eat  men's 
tlesh. 


And  fyrst  olf  alle,  tlio  I  spak 
To  hyre  that  sat  vp-on  the  bak 
Off  Envye,  formest  off  alle, 
Bytter  off  look  as  any  galle, 
As  she  hadde  ben  in  rage, 
Shrowdyd  to-forn  al  hyr'^  vysage, 
Eequerynge  liyre  nat  to  spare, 
Wliat  she  was,  for  to  declare, 
Tresou?e  Answerde :  - 
Quod  she,  for  short  conclusion??, 
•  Yiff  thow  lyst  knowe,  I  am  Tresou»  ; 
And  yiff  that  ffolkys  knewen  me. 
My  fellashepe  they  wolde  ffle, 

Eschewe  yt,  but  he  wer  a  ffool, 

Lete  me  abyde  allone,  al  sool, 
Off  me,  so  pe?'yllous  ys  the  suit. 
'  ffor  thorgh  me  ys  execut, 

Off  my  moder  callyd  Envye, 

Al  the  nialys  (wlio  kan  espye), 

Hyr  Avyl,  hyr  lust,  and  hyr  lykyng. 

And  hyr  venym  in  euerj  tliyug. 

And,  for  hyr-sylff  may  nat  fulfylle 

Al  hyr  malys  at-^  hyr  Avylle, 

Ther-for,  off  gret  Inyquyte, 

ffyrst  to  scole  she  sette  me. 

Bad,  I  sholde  my 71  herte  caste 

To  practyse  and  lerne  faste, 

ffynde  a  way,  by  som)*ie*  vyce 

Tacomplysshen  hyr  malyce, 

Hyr  cursyd  fals  aifecciouK 

To  putte  in  execuciou??. 

'  And  I  Avyl  tellyn  (off  entente) 

ffyrst  wher  I  to  scole  Avente ; 

Off  wyche^  scole  (thys  the  caas), 

]\Iy?i  owne  ffader  mayster  Avas  ; 

Wych  tauhte  my  suster  fyrst  to  frete, 

And  the  ffiessh  off  me?i  to  etc, 

As  yt  Avere,  for  the  noonys, 

GnaAve  and  Ro?nige  hem  to  the  bnnnys. 
'\Vha?<  he  me  suAvh  the  same  whyle, 


1497G 

{'  hys  St.] 

[st.&c.]  U980 

[2  St.,  om.  C] 
[St.  &  C.] 


U98i 


U988 


[Stowe,  leaf  261] 


11992 


[3  and  St.] 


1499G 


{■'  som»ie  St.,  soni  C] 


15000 


15001 

[^  whichf  St.,  wych  C] 

15008 


Treason's  Father  gives  her  a  false  Face  and  a  Knife.     405 


15016 


' '  Kome  ner,'  <:[uod  he,  '  for  vn-to  guyle 

I  se  (by  cler  inspecciou») 

Ys  hool  thy  dysposiciou«  ; 

To  lerne  and  practyse  in  nialyce 

And  in  every  other  vyce, 

Thow  art  off  wyt  and  ko?^nyng  hable 

To  be  fals  and  deceyvable. 

Be  fals  inward,  and  outward  sad,^     [stowo,  ieaf2Gt,  baci<] 

And  ther-off  I  wyl  be  glad  1  [i  sadda-gtadae  St.]  15020 

Wherso-euere  that  we  gon.' 

*  And  with  that  word  he  took  A-noon 
Vn-to  me,  by  gret  corage, 
Out  off  a  Boyst,  a  fals  vysagc, 
Took  yt  me  f ul  couertly. 
A  knyff  ek,  wych  iful  prevyly 
I  am  wont  to  bere  vfiih  me, 
Hyd,  that  ffolk  ne  may  yt  se. 

'  Than  my  fader  gan  abrayde, 
And  to  me  rylit  thus  he  saydc, 
'  Doubter,'  qzzod  he,  '  tak  good  hcdo  : 
Yiff  the  fowlere  ay  in  dede 
Shewede  hys  gyrines  and  hys  snarys 
To  thrustelys  and  to  ffeldii-ffaarys, 
Hys  lymtwygges,  hys  panterys. 
And  hys  nettys  by  reverys,- 
Bryddes,  ffor  al  hys  grete  peyne, 
Ther-to  wolde  neuer  atteync, 
But  hem  eschewe  wzt/i  al  her  niyght, 
Beete  her  wynges,  take  her  fflyht,  loO-iO 

Hys  trappes  aU,  a-noon  for-sake  ; 
ffor  wych,  doubter,  wha?i  thow  wylt  make 
Any  tresou?j  or  co??ipace, 
Shew  outward  an  hu??jble  face  ; 
Thogh  thyn  herte  be  venymous, 
And  off  malys  outragous, 
(Tak  bed  her-to,  my  doubter  dere,) 
Outward,  alway  shew  good  chare  ; 
And,  to  byde  thy  vyolence, 
Looke  thow  be,  by  apparence, 
Sootyl  off  port  and  off  nianere. 


15012  Ti-P(imn. 


15021 


15028 


15032 


P  Ryveiys  St.]    15036 


Treason's 
father  says 
lier  disposi- 
tion is  wlioUy 

[leaf  227] 
to  evil. 


He  gives  lier 
a  false  visage 
and  a  knife. 


Her  father's 
advice  and 
exhortation. 


When  she 
wants  to  trick 
folk, 


15014 


[Stowe,  leaf  205,  back,  top] 
[Stowe,  leaf  201,  back,  foot] 

15049 


N(in  sunt  occultaciores  insidie 
quaiB  que  late[nt]  sub  similitu- 
diijejw  boiiita[tis].    Seneca, 


she  is  to  show 
good  clieer 
outwardly. 


[leaf  327,  bk.] 


406  Treason  is  to  he  treacherous  like  Joah,  Judas,  Tryplion. 


is  to  imitate 
the  Scorpion, 


look  amiable, 

and  Bting  folk 
in  tlie  back. 


Her  father 
gives  her 
a  box,  oint- 
ment. 


a  sharp  knife, 


and  a  false 

face. 

With  these  4 

things  many 

a  man  has 

perished. 


as  Joah  slew 
Amasa 
(2  Sam.  XX. 
9—12). 


See  also 
Juiias  who 
betrayed 
Christ; 


and  read  of 
Tryphon's 
treachery  in 
the  Macca- 
bees (xii.  39 — 
xiii.  l-3i).) 


[leaf  228] 


She  is  to  use 
her  knife. 


'And  plesauret  alway  off  thy  cliere.  15052 

'  Do  as  dotli  the  scorpyouTZ, 
Wych  by  symulacioim 
Outward  (as  by  resemblau??ce) 

Ys  Amyable  off  contenaurece,  15056 

And  at  the  bak  (or  folk  take  hede,) 
Wz^t/i  styngyng  causeth  folk  to  blede. 

'  And  ther-for,  off  entenciou?*, 
That  thow  sue  hys  condiciou??,  15060 

I  ha  the  yoven  (off  entent) 
A  Boyst  her,  wz't/i  an  oynement. 
Vnder  coue/-t,  to  gywne  a  stryff, 

I  ha  the  taken  a  sharp^  knyff,  [i  sharps  St.]  15064 

And  also,  for  mor  avauwtage, 
In-to  thy  hand  a  fals  vysage  ; 
And  w/t/i  thys  .iiij.-  (who  rekne  kan)      [»ffourest.] 
Ther  hath  perysshed  many  A  man;  15068 

ffor  in  Regiim,  ye  may  se 
That  loab  (thorgh  hys  cruelte, 
As  yt  ys  kouthe,  ageyn  al  ryht) 
Slowh  Amasa,  A3  worthy  knyht,  p  the  St.]    15072 

'  Ek  whilom  in  the  same  caas 
Stood  the  traytour  callyd  ludas, 
Wlia?*  he  traysshed  cryst  ihesu 

(That  blyssyd  lord,  off  most  vertu)  15076 

To  the  lewes  fful  yore  agon.  [stowe,  leaf  265,  back] 

And  thow  mayst  Redyn,  off  tryphon 
The  ffals  tresoure,  many  Aveyes, 
In  the  book  off  Machabeyes.  15080 

'And  al  thys  tresou/zs'*  wrouht  off  Old, 

Vn-to  the  I  haue  he??l  told,  [*  alle  his  TresouH  St.] 

To  thyM  offyce,  as  yt  ys  due, 

Off  entent  that  thow  he»i  sue ;  15084 

And  that  thow  mayst  hewi  wel  reporte, 

Thy?i  ownc  moder  to  cou?zforte, 

ffor  to  helpy?i  hyr  fl'ulfyllo 

The  surplus  off  hyr  owne  wylle,  15088 

And  lat  thy  couert  veny??z  byte. 

'  Spare  nat  also  to^  sniyte  [^  for  to  St.] 

"VVyth  thys  knyff,  cloos  and  secre. 


Treason  is  to  blind  Lords  tviih  Flattery,  &  then  Jdll  them.  407 


*  Whan  thow  bast  opportunyte  ;  15092 

And  loke  that  thow  be  dyllygeut, 

"VVyth  thy  plesaujit  vnyment^  [i  oynemcnt  st.] 

Tenoynte-wyth  thy  vysage, 

That  men  sen  nat  thjn  outrage;  15096 

Be  war  that  yt  be  nat  apert ; 

Kep  al  thy  veny?H  in  covert, 

EUys  thow  dost  nat  worth  a  lek. 

'  Shew  the  outward,  ay  hu?/ible  a?id  mek,  15100 

Contrayre  to  that  thow  art  with-lnne, 
"W"ha«  any  tresou?*  thow  wylt  gy?ine ; 
And  looke  thow  take  hed  ful  offte. 
With  thy  wordys  smothe  and  soffte,  15104 

And  with  thy  speche  off  fflaterye,^      [=  fflateiyc  St.,  fflutrye  c] 
To  blere  many  a  lordys  Eye  ; 
ffor,  witJi  enoyntyng  off  swych  thy?«ges, 
Lordys,  prynces,  a7J(Z  ek  kynges,         [stowe,  loaf  2go]  15108 
Other  many  dyuers  estatys, 
Botlie  bysshopys  and  prelatys, 
Ha  ben  the^-w^'t7^  deceyved  offte. 

'But,  for  the  oynement  ys  soffte,  15112 

They  ban  echon  (in  ther  entent,) 
Savour  in  that  oyniiment ; 
They  desyre,  for  ther  plesamzce. 

That  ffolkys  in  ther  dallyau?jce  151 IG 

Sey  no  thyng  that  hem  dysplese, 
But  al  that  may  be  to  hem  ese, 
Wher-so  that  yt  be  ryht  or  wrong. 

'Ther-for,  my  doubter,  euer  among,  15120 

Spare  nat  Ay  to  be  bold  ; 
But  that  thow  (as  I  ha  told) 
In  thy  speche  and  thy  language, 

With  a  fflatryng  ffals  vysage,  1512-4 

Enoynt  he??i  with  thys  Oynement. 
And  whan  thow  hast  hem  ther-w/t/i  blent, 
With  tresou?«  coveryd  in  thy  thouht, 
Smyt  with  the  knyff,  and  spare  nouht,  15128 

With  swych  malys  and  cruelte, 
That  they  may  neuer  recuryd  be. 

'And  whciii.  my  ffadcr,  gon  ful  yore, 


Treason. 


but  smear  her 
fai'e  witli  tlie 
pleasant  oiut- 
inent. 


and  keep  lier 
poison  hid. 


She  is  to  blear 
lords'  eyes 
with  the  Oint- 
ment of 
Flattery. 


Kings  and 
princes  are 
often  de- 
ceived by  it, 


for  tliey  de- 
sire to  liear 
only  thint,'s 
pleasant. 


She  is  always 
to  be  bold 


in  greasmg 
them  with 
her  flattery. 


[leaf  228,  bk.] 

and  when 
she's  blinded 
em, 

she's  to 
wound  em 
deadly. 


408      Treason  flatters  and  stahs ;   lites  and  stings  to  death. 


Treason 

i8  sent  forth 
upon  her 
mother's 
buck. 


She  has  be- 
come a  great 
mistress  of 
her  father's 
lore. 


She  can  bite 
silently. 


and  use  both 
ointment  and 
knife. 


She  is  like  a 
serpent  liid 
by  Howers. 


[leaf  229] 

Her  sting  is 
deadly. 


She  lies  in 
wait  to 
deceive. 


'  Hadde  in  scole  taiilit  mc  tliys  loore,  15132 

Than  was  I  lefft  vp  on  A  sak. 

Hill  vp  on  my  moder  bak, 

As  thoAv  sest,  ther-on  to  liyde, 

And  she  ageyn  to  be  my  guyde.  151 3G 

*  And  trewly,  yiff  I  shal  expresse, 
I  am  bekome  A  gret  maystresse 
ffro  poynt  to  poynt,  as  thow  mayst  se, 
Off  tliat  my  ff ader  taiihte  me,  15140 

Bothe  off  speche  and  language, 
And  to  shewe  a  fals  vysage 
Whan  that  me  lyst  in  myn  entent ; 
And  also  wit//,  the  oynement  15144 

Off  wych  I  tolde  nat  longe  ago, 
And  with  the  knyff  yhyd  also 
Vnder  my  cloke  :  off  fals  treson?^ 
I  ha  lernyd  my  lessons,  15148 

And  reporte  y t  in  my  ^  mynde.  [}  my  St.,  om.  c] 

'  I  kau  byte  also  be-hynde 
With  my  sharpe  toth  fful  wel, 

And  yet  ne  berke  neueradcl.  15152 

I  kan  Enoynten  euery  loynt, 
And  affter,  with  my  knyves^  i»oynt,       ['knyffisst.] 
Wlia?i  me  lyst  to  make  wrak, 

I  kan  wel  smyten  at  the  bak  15156 

With  my  tresou?^  ffraudulent ; 
ffor  I  reseml)le  the  serpent, 
Wych,  vnder  lierbys  fressh  and  soote, 
Ys  wont  to  daren  by  the  roote,  15160 

Coueryd  with  many  a  lusty  fflour. 

'  But  ther  ne  may  be  no  socour 
Ageyn  my  styugyng,  in  no  degre, 

Whan  I  haue  opportunyte.  15164 

And  vnder  colour,  by  deceyt, 
I  lygge  euennor  in  awayt, 

Simple  a7ui  coy,  off'^  port  ful  lowe,         poffmyst.] 
That  men  my  tresouw  may  nat  knowe,  15168 

Who-so-euere  kometh  or  goth.  [stowe,  leaf  207] 

'  Men  ne  knowe  alway  cloth,^      [^  gootLe , . .  ciootht  St.] 
Thogh  the  colour  fresshly  shynes ; 


Treason  is  hidden  and  artful.     Few  escape  her  nets.       409 


'  Nor  men  ne  denie  nat^  alway  wynes  ; 
Thogh  tliey  blosme  or  budde  fayrc, 
Som  wynd  or  tfrost  may  yt  apayre, 
Or  som^  tempest  wz't/;  liys  rage, 
To-for  the  tyme  oft'  the  ventage  : 
By  exaumple,  ys  off  te  sene, 
Som  whilwh  ful  off  levys  grene, 
Wych  hath  ful  many  werm  wit/i-Inne, 
That  fro  the  herte  wyl  nat  twynne 
Tyl  they  conswme  yt  eue?'ydel, — 
The  trouthe  her-off  ys  prevyd  wel, — 
And  I  resemble  (who  kan  se) 
Vn-to  the  sylue  same  Tre. 
I  am  the  brygge,  the  plane"*  also, 
That  vn-warly  wyl  breke  atwo 
Whan  me7i  ther-on  ha?i  most  her  tryst 
My  tresouw  neuer  toforn  ys  wyst. 

'  To  leue  on  me,  yt  ys  gret  ff olye, 
ffor  I  dar  pleynly  specefye, — 
Tak  hed,^  for  yt  ys  no  lape, — 
Yt  ys  ful  hard  a  man  tescape, 
Outher  Ijy  wyt  or  by  resou?^, 
ffro  my  nettys  off  tresoura, 
As  longe  as  I  haue  avau7jtage 
ffor  to  here  thys  ffals  vysage 
With  me^  euer,  off  entenciou?i, 
ffor  I  am  callyd  dame  Tresou?«, 
Wych,  by''  the  crafft  that  I  wol 
Have  be-traysshed  many  a  man, 
What  wft/i  fflatrye  and  vfiih,  tfaljles. 

'  I  pley  nouther  at  ches  nor  tables ; 
And  yiff  yt  happe  (ffer  or  ner) 
That  I  pley  at  the  cheker, 
Outher  witZi  hih  or  lowh  estat, 
To  he«^  ful  offte  I  sey  '  chek  mat ' 
Wha?i  they  wene  (in  ther  degre) 
Best  assuryd  for  to  be ; 
ffor,  by  sleyhte  off  my  drawyng, 
I  oue;-kome  bothe  Rook  and  kyng; 
ffro  myu  Engyn  ther  skapeth  noon. 


2  [1  nut  St.,  om.C] 
[^  VyiicM  St.] 

15173 


[3  80iii»ie  St.] 


15176 


15180 


She  is  like 
tlie  worm  in 
the  lieart  of 
a  willow ; 


15184 


[*  i)liuik  St.] 


15188 


[5  hade  St.] 


15192 


15196 


[''St.;  C.  burnt.'] 


like  a  plaiili 
that  will 
break. 


Hor  treason 
is  never 
known  be- 
forehand. 


It's  liard  to 
escape  her 
nets. 


[leaf  229,  bk.] 


kan, 


[Stowe,  leaf  207,  back] 
['by  St.;  C.huriiQ 

15200 


15204 


15208 


She  has  be- 
triiyed  many 
a  man. 


Wlien  she 
plays  at 
chess. 


she  mates. 


and  beats 
Rook  and 
Klntj. 

None  Cbcayc. 


410 


Treason  is  to  Idll  m.c,  hot  is  sto^^t  hy  Detraction. 


Treason 


says  her 
motlier 
'  Envy'  lias 
charged  lier 
to  bring  nie 
to  hei',  (lead. 


St.  Nicholas 
even  sliall 
not  help  me, 

tliough  he 
raised  three 
clerks  from 
tlie  dead. 


She  looks  like 
killing  me, 
[leaf  229] 


but  is 

restrained  by 
her  sister, 


Detraction, 


who  is  to 
tell  me  her 
name. 


and  then  join 
Treason  in 
slaying  mc. 


'  Also,  off  fful  yore  agon,  15212 

Thogh  tliow  kanst  yt  nat  espye, 
My  moder,  that  callyd  ys  Envye, 
Hath  had  to  the  in  tliouht  aiid  dede 
Gret  emnyte  and  gret  hatrede  ;  1521G 

Wher-vp-on,  she  hath  to  me 
Yove  in^  charg  to  take  the,  ['a St.] 

And  comau?«dyd,  by  hyr  leue, 

Otf  tliy  lyfE  the  to  be-reue,  15220 

And  to  don  niy/i  hool  entente, 
Ded,  to  hyre,  the  to^  presente  ;  [Uo  St.,  om.  c] 

And  that  thys  thyng  be  do  in  rape. 

'  And  therfor  thow  shalt  nat  eskapc  ;  15221 

Thow  stondest  in  so  hard  a  caas 
That  the  bysshop  sey??  Kycholas, 
ffro  deth  ne  slial  nat  helpy/i  the, 

That  whilom  Eeysede  clerkys  thre  15228 

£Ero  deth  to  lyve  (men  wry  ten  so);       [stowo,  icaf2G8] 
But  he  hath  no  thyng  now  a-do. 
The  to  socoure  in  no  degre, 
Ageyn  my  myght  to  helpy7i  the.'  15232 

And  wit/i  that  word  (yt  ys  no  ffaylle) 
She  be-gan  me  to  assaylle 
fful  mortally  off  look  and  cher, 

And  gan  aproche  aiid  neyhen  ner,  1523G 

Made  a  maner^  contcnauwce  [Smaneceoffst.] 

ffor  to  smyte  by  resemblau?ice, 
Tyl  the  tether  ffoul  and  old 

That  stood  be-syde  stout  and  bold,  15240 

Wit/i-drouh  hyr  hand,  and  off  fals  guyle 
Bad  hyre  to  abyde  a  whyle  : 

Detracciown  ^ :  [*  st.,  am.  c] 

'Suster,'  iiuod  she,  'be  nat  hastyff  !   ^^l^J^J^^&nana, 
Lat  hy??z  a  whyle  haue  hys  lyff,        "'  ^"^ """"'""  "-^^-^ 
And  abyde  a  lyte  throwe 
Tyl  that  he  my  name  knowe  ; 
And  thamie  ye,  and  I  also, 

Shal  assaylle  by???-  bothe  two  15248 

So  mortally,  that  he  shal  deye, 
And  cskape  no  maner  wcye. 


Pride  is  to  see  me  die.   Detraction  and  Envy  hate  me.   411 


15256 


15260 


[2  by  assent] 


15264 


[3  St.,  om.  C] 


'  ffor,  but  I  (ill  m^n  entent) 

Wheri  at  hys  detli  w«U  yow  present,     [iwerest.]  15252 
Myw  herte  wolde  assonder  Ryue. 
And  ye  slial  sen  (her,  as  blyue)        [stowe,  leuf  268,  bad;] 
Our  bothen  Awnte  callyd  Pryde, 
Off  vyces  alle  lord  and  guyde  : 
But  yiff  be  were  wiih  vs  also. 
He  sholde  deye  for  verray  wo. 
And  he  hath  power  most,  and  myght ; 
And  the  cause,  off  verray  ryht 
To  hy??i  parteneth  touchyng  deth  ; 
Ther-for,  or  any  man  hy?«  sleth, 
Lat  yt  be  don  bassent^  off  Pryde, 
And  we  shal  stonde  by  hys  syde.' 
Trays ouw : ^ 

Qmo(Z  traysou?i,  '  I  assente  wel 

That  we  werkyn  eue?'ydel 

As  ye  ha  sayd  to-forn,  and  cast ; 

But  I  wolde  ha  yt  done  in  hast,  15268 

That  in  vs  ther  wer  no  lak.' 

Than  she  that  sat  vp-on  the  bak, 

Ryght  hydous  off  enspecciou7i,'* 

I  mene  sothly,  Detracciouw 

Abrayde,  off  gret  cruelte, 

And  sayde  thus  in  hast  to  me  : 
Detracciou?i :  ^ 

*  How  artow,'  (\uod  she,  '  so  hardy 

To  bern  a  staff  so  boklely  1 

I  haate  stavys  euerychon. 

Off  pylgrymes,  whan  tliey  gon 

On  pylgrymage  wher  they  wende, 

Whan  they  be  crossyd  At  the  eiide, 

In  hem  I  ffynde  alway  som  lak, 

And  berke  at  hem  behynde  her  bak 

Thogh  to-forn  I  be  plesaumt, 

And  resemble  Faulz-sembkiu?it,  15284 

Wych  hateth  the  and  other  mo ; 

So  doth  my  moder  ek  also, 

Whos  herte  doth  for  Anger  ryve. 

'And  whyl  that  thow  art  her"  alyve  C' here st.]  15288 


Tlieir  Aunt, 
or  Uncle, 
'  Pride,'  is 
also  to  be  pre- 
sent at  my 
death, 


and  agree  to 


'  Treason ' 
assents. 


[lenf2S0,bk.] 

[1  InspeccioMn  St.] 

The  PHiirim. 

15272 

'  Detraction ' 

[5  St.,  om.  C] 

Detraction. 

15276 

h.ates  pil- 

firims  witli 

[Stowe,  leaf  269] 

staffs. 

15280 

and  crosses 
at  top. 

False-Sem- 
blant  .and 
Envy  liato 
me  too. 


412  Detraction  is  eager  to  devoitr  me.  Site  lihcs  rotten  carrion. 


and  Envy  will 
eat  me  alive. 


No  dos  is 
greedier  to 
eat  raw  Hesli, 

than  Detrac- 
tion is  to 
devour  lue. 


She  eats 
only  stinking 
meat, 


[leaf  231] 


gnawing  and 
chewing  it. 


The  Pil(irhn. 


I  say  that 
as  a  smith 
can't  make  an 
axe  without 
steel, 


so  she  can't 
slander  with- 
out cause. 


'  We  slial  the  Etyn,  fflessli  and  bon ; 

Other  grace  thow  getyst  noon 

Off  vs,  thogh  thow  make  stryif ; 

Ifor  thow  sawh  neuere,  in  al  thy  lyff,  15292 

Nor  ne  koudest  yet  espye, 

Houndys  in  the  bocherye 

Mor  gredy,  rawh  flessh  to  etc, 

Than  I  am  now,  the  to  lireto ;  15296 

ffor  my  tlirote  ys  al  blody, 

Lych  a  wolff  that  ys  gredy, 

Shep  in  a  fohle  for  to  strangle, 

And  to  devoure  hem  in  som  Angle.  15300 

'  Stynkynge  kareyn,^  her  and  ther,     ['  kareyns  St.] 
Ys  my  foode  most  enter ; 
In  hyllys  and  in  valys  lowe, 

Lyk  a  Raven  or  lyk  a  crowe,  1530-1 

On  swych  mosselles  most  I  thynke, 
And  ha  best  savour  whaw  they  stynke. 
Myn  appetyt,  yt  ys  so  kene  [stowe,  leaf  209,  back] 

I  loue  no  flessh  2  wha?i  yt  ys  clene;     [2  fflesshe  st.,  tiesshiy  c] 
Yt  nivt  stynken  north  and  south,  15309 

Or  yt  kome  w/t7?-Inue  my  mouth  ; 
And  al  the  felthe  that  me?i  seth, 

Ys  fyrst  gnawen  in  my  teth,  15312 

And  ychawyd  vp  and  dou?« : 
My  mayster  tauhte  me  thys  lesson??, 
Wha?j  that  I  to  scole  Avente, 
To  recorde  yt  in  my?i  entente.'  15316 

The  Pylgrynie:^  [3  st.,  o,».  cj 

"  I  troAve  thow  koudest  forge  a-ryht 
Yiff  thow  foi;?Kle  day  or  nyht 
jMater  or  cause  to  forge  Ijy  ; 

But  I  suppose  verrayly,  15320 

No  smyth  ne  may  forge  wel 
An  Ax  off  yren  nor  off  stel ; 
But  yiff  he  hadde  on  off  the  tweyne 
Thogh  he  euere  dyde  hys  peyne,  15324 

He  sholde  nat  fynde  the  maner  how  ; 
No  mor  (I  suppose)  ne  kanstow." 

Detraccioim :  ^  [*  st-.  <"»■  c] 


Detraction  devours  meiis  good  names,  &  tears  them  to  hits.  413 


'  Trewly  yiff  thow  lyst  lere, 

I  kail  ffynde  ynowli  matere  :  15328 

I  am  so  prudent  and  so  wys ; 

Good,  I  kan  tourne  in-to  malys ; 

Trcwe  menyng  aiid  goodnesse, 

I  chau?ige  in-to  wykkednesse,  15332 

*  Ifor  nie,  I  make  ay  som  reson?i 
By  fals  Interpretaciouw, 
What  good  werk  I  se  men  do. 

Wyn  in-to  water  I  chau??ge  also;  15336 

I  tourne  ek  by  collusiou?^ 
Tryacle  to  venym  a7id  poysouw. 
Applys  ffayre  I  kan  enpayre, 

Thogh  they  be  bothe  good  and  ffayre  ;  15340 

Worshepe  I  tourne  in-to  dytfame  ; 
On  folkys  goode,  I  putte  ay  blame ; 
Ther  goode  name,  in  halle  and  boure, 
As  Eawh  fflessh  I  kan  devoure.'  15344 

The  Pylgryme :  ^ 
"  Her-vp-on  I  pray  the, 
Thy  name  that  thow  telle  me." 

Detracciou/i :  - 
*  To  make  a  short  desc?'jpciou//., 

I  am  callyd  '  Detracciomj ' ;  15348 

Thys  the  sentence  off  my  lawe  : 
'With  my  teth  I  rende  a7id  gnawe. 
Off  folkys  fflessh,  by  gret  avys, 

I  make  mortrews  a/uZ^  colys  [^  ami  eke  St.]  15352 

Vn-to  my  moder  callyd  Envye. 
"Whan  she  hath  any  malladye, 
I  make  hyr  sowpe  yt  vp  a-noon, 
AVhan  I  ha  grounde  both  flessh  and  bon.  1535G 

'  She  me  made  gouerneresse 
Off  hyr  kychene,  and  maysteresse  : 
Ther  kometh  no  mete  in  hyr  syhte 
But  yiff  that  I  to-forn  yt  dyhte ;  15360 

And  hyr  thank  for  to  dysserue. 
Off  strai:?2ge  mes  I  kan  hyr  serue, 
AYit//  ffarsyd  Erj's  fful  off  poysou/j 
Put  on  A  spyte  by  traysou?i.  15364 


says  she  can 
always  find 
■  mateiiiil. 

She  turns 
gooiiiiess  to 
malice, 


[1  St.,  om.  C] 


[2  St.,  om.  C] 


wine  to 
water, 

remeily  to 

poison. 

[leaf-ioO.bk.] 


She  devours 
men's  good 
name  like 
raw  flesh. 
The  I'ilijfiin. 


Iter  name  is 
'  Detraelioii.' 


She  makes 
brotli  of 
men's  flusli, 

for  'Envy,' 
lier  mother. 


anti  serves 
her  with  ears 
stnft  with 
poison. 


414    Detractions  Tongue  is  sharp ;  her  Fleshhook  rends  fame. 


Her  office  is 
to  wound, 


[leaf  231] 


by  slander 
anil  detrac- 
tion. 


The  Pilpriiii. 


When  slie 
lias  pierst 
an  ear. 


lier  fleslihook 
takes  away 
good  folks* 
name. 


15368 


15376 


15380 


[Stowe,  leaf  27ii] 
['  done  my  ful  St.] 


wliich  is 
wiiise  tliau 
rolibcry. 


'  Swettere  tha^i  sanioiuj  outlier  karp, 

]\Iy  toiige  ys,  that  spyte  sharp 

Wych  hath  the  offyce  and  tlie  charge 

fibr  to  make  a  woujjde  large  ; 

Yt  kerueth  sharpe,  a7id  mor  narwe 

Than  any  quarel  or  hookyd  arwe, 

Thogh  the  bowe  be  strouge  bent 

ffro  the  place  that  yt  ys  sent :  15372 

AVyth  wych  fful  many  a^  ma?i  ys  kut.       [•  a  c,  o«i.  st.] 

'  And  on  thys  spyte,  the  Erys  be  put, 
0(f  folk  that  yiven  audyence, 
ffor  to  heryn  the  sentence 
And  thabomynable  sown 
Otf  sklau?idre  and  off  detracciou??, 
jffor  to  lestene  hem  fer  or  ner. 
And  thus  I  Am  maad  hasteler 
ffor  to  do  my  2  bysynesse, 
To  serue  my  moder  in  hyr  syknesse.' 

The  Pylgryme  :  ^  [^  stowe,  leaf  271,  om.  c] 

"  Wherfor,"  quod  I,  "  berstow  that  Crook, 
Dowble-forkyd  as  a  flessh-hook  ? "  15384 

Detracciou?i :  *  i*  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Tak  hed,'  quod  [s]he,^  '  and  thow  shalt  se    [^  i  c,  st.] 
How  that  I  werke  in  my  degre  : 
ffyrst  off  aH  (yiff  thow  lyst  lere), 
Whan  I  percyd  haue  an  Ere 
Thorgh-out,  and  fynde  no  dyffence, 
Thau  I  do  my  dyllygence, 
'With  my  flesshhook  to  a-proche ; 
And  ther-w-it/A-al  I  do  acroche, 
E-ende  away,  with  som  fals  blame. 
The  lJenou?i  and  the  goode  name 
Off  folke,*^  thogli  ther  be  no  prcff ; 
ffor  I  am  wers  thaw  ys  a  theff, 
Wych  day  and  nyht  doth  hys  labour, 
ffro  mew  to  stelyn  ther  tresour. 

*  But  I  stele  off  entenciouw 
Ther  goode  fame  a7id  ther  renouw, 
Wych  (shortly  for  to  specefye) 
Ys  wors  tha?i  any  roberye.' 


15388 


15392 


[6  flolke  St.,  n'olk  C] 

15396 


15400 


Detraction  is  a  thief,  and  cooks  men's  rcjpute  as  Soup.    415 


15408 


15411 


Pcouprbiorton  11°  Ciipitulo 
Melius  est  nomeu  bomwn 
Uiuic/je. 


15415 

[*  gooJe  St.,  good  C] 


The  Pylgryme:^  ust.om.c.j 

"  Tlum,  record  oli'  thy?«  owne  mouth, 
Thow  art  a  tlieff,  both  north  ajul  souht ;  15404 

ffor  a  good  name  (I  dar  expresse) 
Ys  bet  than  gold  or  gret  rychesse." 

Detracciou^i :  ^  [^  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Thow  mayst  wel  seyn  yt  off  Eesou?« ; 
ffor,  as  the  wyse  Salomou7^ 
In  hys  proverbys  bereth  wytnesse, 
That  gold,  tresour,  and  gret  Eychesse, 
A  good  name  doth  wel  al  surmoimte,        [^  kan  St.] 
Who  that  lyst^  a-ryht  acou?ite, 

'  And  her-vp-on  I  make  A  prefF, 
That  ther  ys  noon  so  pe?illous  thefF 
As  he  that  steleth  a-way  the  ffame. 
The  renou?;,  and  the  goode*  name 
Off  a  man  in  hys  centre, 
Off  malys  and  Inyquyte  ; 
ffor  swych  A  theff  (be  wel  certeyn) 
May  yt  nat  restore  ageyn ;  15420 

^And  Avith-oute  EestitucTon  p— 5  st.,  om.  c] 

ShaH  I  neuere  ha  fful  pardon  ; 
I  shaH  be  asshamyd'  sore. 

His  goode  Name  to  Restore,  15424 

That  I  hadde  onys  sayde  certeyn. 
For  to  Eevoke  my  worde  ageyn. ^ 
Myn  Awnte  (I  wot  ryht  wel  also)        [stowc,  leaf  272] 
Wolde  nat  accorde  ther-to.'  15428 

The  Pylgrym  :  ^  [^  stowe,  icaf  272,  om.  c] 

"  I  wolde  wyte  what  thow  dost  than, 
Whan  thoAV  hast  Eobbyd  tlius  A  man 
Off  hys  honour  and  goode*  ffame  : 
What  dostow  thanne  -with  hys  namel"  15432 

Detraccioun : ''  ['  st.,  om.  c.j 

'  I  wyl  answere  to  thy  demauride  : 
1  ^  maake  a  maner  off  vyau?ide  [^  And  St.] 

Off  that  name  douteles  ; 

And  next,  aflfter  the  fyrstci  mes,  15436 

Wyth  swych  A  Coolys  I  hyr  serue, 
EUys  she  sholde  for  hunger  sterue : 


The  PUr/rim. 


•I  call  licr  a 
Thief, 


for,  ais  Solo- 
mon shows. 


[leaf  232,  bk.] 

a  good  name 
is  above 
riches. 


and,  once 
stolen. 


cinnot  be 
restored. 


TfiP  Vilcirun. 

What  do  you 
do  when 
you've  robd 
a  man  of  hia 
good  name  ? 


I  cook  the 
name 

and  serve  it 
to  my  mother 
Envy  as  a 
Soup  for  her 
second 
course. 


416         Detraction  is  worse  than  Hell,  and  hurts  holy  folic. 


This  cheers 
Envy, 


and  she 
malies  De- 
traetion  her 
Cook  and 
Potager. 


says  '  I  never 
saw  a  worse 
Heast  than 
you  are.' 


[leaf  233] 

Hell  can 
only  Imrt 
those  whom 
it,  binds, 


and  cannot 
injure  tli« 
l»oly. 


'  Detraction ' 
hurts  the 
present  and 
absent. 


grtnd  folk  as 
well  as  bud, 


even  St.  John, 
were  he  in 
earth. 


'Thys  secou?idc  cours  (yt  ys  no  dred,)  15439 

Doth  gret  good  Vn-to  liyr  lied;^  ['  drede  .  grete  goode  /  .  hede  St.] 

"\Vha7j  she  hath  sowpyd  that  potage, 

Off  verray  custoom  and  vsage  ; 

ffor  wych  I  am  mad^  '  cusyuer,'  [^  m.-id  oi«.  st.] 

And  for  hyr  mouth,  '  cheff  potager.' '  154-14 

The  Pylgryme  :  ^  \?  st.,  om.  c] 

"  ffor  aiiht  that  I  espye  kan 
Sythe  tyme  that  the  world  began, 
I  sawh  neutr,  nor  fond  or  now,     [stowe,  leaf  272,  back] 
A  werse  best  thaw  art  thow."  15448 

Detracciouw :  *  [*  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Al  ys  trewe  that  thow  dost  telle, 
ffor  I  am  wers  than  any  helle  ; 
ffor  trewly  helle  hath  no  myght 

To  don  harm  to  Any  Avhyht  15452 

But  to  the  ffolk  that  he  hath  bouwde. 

'  But  I  kan  hurte,  and  make  a  wou^ide, 
Nat  only  to  folk  present, 

But  vn-to  hewi  that  ben  absent,  15456 

Helle  ek  (as  I  telle  kan,) 
May  damage  noon  hooly  man  ; 
ffor  thogh  in  helle  wer  sey?j  John), 
Off  peyne  sholde  he  ffelyn  noon,  154G0 

ffor  hys  parfyt  hoolynesse 
Sholde  lyhte  al  tlier  dyrknesse. 
And  quenche  also  (yt  ys  no  drede) 
The  brennynge  ek  off  Query  glede.  154G4 

'  But  I  kan  hurte  (truste  me,) 
An  hundryd  myle  by-yownde  se. 
Ifro  my  wondyng,  (thys  jio  iape) 

By  absence  no  man  may  eskape.  15468 

Afftere,  I  hurte  in  absence 
Mor  Grevously  tha?i  in  presence, 
Goode  folk  as  wel  as  badde. 
That  to-forn  good  rcnomi  hadde.  15472 

'  Trust  ek  wel  (yiff  thow  lyst  knowe) 
Yif¥  sey?i  lohn)  were  in  erthe  lowe, — 
That  hadde  for  hys  perfectyoii?^ 
And  holynesse,  so  gret  Ilenou?z, —  1 5476 


Detraction's  'power.    I  attack  her,  Envy,  and  Trcamn.     417 


'  ffor  aH  hys  vertues  good  and  fayrc, 

Yet  I  koude  hys  name  apayre 

By  ffals  report,  and  that  i'ul  hlyue ; 

ffor  ther  ys  noon  so  good  alyve,  15480 

Nor  ncuere  was,  in-to  thys  day, 

But  that  I  koude  fyude  a  way, 

Hys  name  and  hys  vertues  alle, 

ffor  tapeyrc  liem  or  apalle,  15484 

By  som  fals  wynd  reysed  aloff te ; 

And  so  I  haue  don  ful  offte ; 

Swych  ys  my  condiciouw 

Wych  callyd  am  '  Detracciowj."  15488 

Tlie   Pylsrryni  .■  [Stowe,  on  leaf  273,  om.  C] 

And  whan  I  longe  lestnyd  hadde, 

Gretly  in  my  herte  I  dradde  ; 

And,  to  wit/i-stonde  hys  cruelte, 

I  caste  for  to  armen  me,  15492 

Lyst  that  thys  thre  woldc  a-noon, 

By  assent  vp-011)  me  gon, 

Affter  that  DetracciouM 

Hadde  maade  an  ende  off  hyr  sarmou??,  15496 

Wit/i-outeK  any  mor  abood  ; 

ffor  they  round  aboute  stood, 

Echon  redy  me  tassayllc  [stowe,  leaf  273,  back] 


Mortally,  as  by^  bataylle. 

Ifyrst  I  lookede  me  be-hynde. 
And  gan  enquery?t  off  my  my/wle. 
To  taken  me  my  swerd  in  haste. 
Or  I  eny  farther  paste ; 
Gaff  also  to  hyre  in  charge, 
ffor  to  taken  me  my  targe ; 
ffor  shortly,  leyser  hadde  I  noon. 
Other  Armure  to  done  vp-on. 

And,  lyk  to  my  comau?jdement, 
Slie  took  hem  me  off  good  entent, 
In  hope  they  sliolde  me  avaylle. 
And  I  be-gan  he??i  to  asaaylle, 
Sette  vp-on,  to  my  power. 
And  they,  malycyous  off  cher, 
Seynge  I  wolde  me  dyffende 

PILGRIMAGE. 


DPtraction 

can  blast  any 
man's  reputa- 
tion, bowever 
good  lie  IB. 


[leaf  23.",,  bk.] 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  fear  attack 
from  Envy, 
Treason  and 
Detraction, 
and  arm  my- 
self. 


[MnSt.]    15500 


15504 


take  my 
swonl  and 
shield. 


15508 


15512    and  assail  my 


BE 


418     A  ichilc  Dove  affrights,  my  Foes.     I  meet   Wrath. 


T/te  Pilorim. 


But  they 
clmrge  me. 


The  white 
dove  aliglits 
on  my  head, 

[leaf  234] 


and  frightens 
ray  enemies. 


They  desist, 


tlireatcning 
vengeance 
on  me  wlien 
Grace  Dieti 
is  away. 


The  dove 
disappears. 


I  meet  one 
armed  witl\ 
sharp  nails, 


like  a  hedge- 
I'og, 


[leaf  234,  bk.] 
girt  with 
a  falchion. 


Gan  Att  onys  on  me  descende  15516 

Lykly  tahaue  had  the  bet  off  me, 

Hadde  nat  the  whyhte  dowe  be, 

Wych,  me  to  coii??iforte  in  my  dred, 

Alyhte  adou?*  vp-on  myw  hed,  15520 

[G  lines  blank  in  3IS.  for  an  Illumination.] 
And  goodly  gan  me  to  cou??iforte, 
Makyng  my?i  Emnyes  to  resorte 
ffor  verray  ffer,  and  stonde  asyde, 

That  they  durste  nat  abyde  15524 

But  off  maalys  cryede  out,  [stowe,  ieaf27t] 

And,  on  me  gan  make  a  shout, 
Swoor  (I  haue  yt  wel  in  mynde,) 
Yiff  they  myghten  cnerc  fynde  15528 

INIe  at  large,  by  any  way, 

Wha«  Grace  Dieu  wer^  gon  away    [' wer  St.,  when  c] 
Tliey  wolde  (thorgh  her  cruelte) 
Vp-on  me  avengyd  be.  15532 

And  how  yt  ffyl,  I  wyl  nat  spare, 
Vn-to  yow  for  to  declare. 
Off  me  trewly,  thus  stood  the  caas  : 
Whan  that  I  delyuered  was  15536 

Off  my  dedly  mortal  foon, 
Yt  fyl  so,  and  that  a-noon. 
The  whyte  dowe  had  take  hyr  flyght. 
And  was  agon  out  oiS  my  syht  15540 

Vn-to  hyr  lady  Grace  dieu, 
Wych  that  hath  so  gret  vertu. 

Tha?ine  off  me,  thus  yt  be-fyl. 
As  I  wente  toward  an  hyl,  15544 

With  on  I  mette,  hydous  and  wykke, 
And  al  hys  body  Arniyd  thykke 
With  hallys  that  wer  sharp  a7id  kene : 
And  as  I  koude  deme  and  sene,  15548 

Lyk  a  skyn  off  an  yrchown 
He  was  arrayed  vp  and  dou??, 
Ygyrt  with  a  l)rood  fawchon  ;  [c.  &  St.] 

In  eucry  hand  a  callyou??,  [?  cai7?o!<,  a  flint  stone]  15552 

Out  off  wyche  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
The  rede  fyr  gan  sparklyn  oute;       [stowe,  leaf  27 1,  hack] 


Wrath  describes  himself.    His  delight  is  in  Vengeance.    410 


And  yt  sempte  by  hys  vj'sago 
That  he  was  fFallyn  in  A  rage ; 
And  in  hys  mouth  A  sawe  off  stel 
He  bar,  that  was  endentyd  wel 

[7  lines  blank  iii  MS.  for  an  Illunnnatlon.'] 
With  teth  ffyled  for  to  byte ; 
And  lyk  as  thogh  he  woldii  smyte, 
He  caste  hys  look  vn-to  me-ward. 
And  wha/j  I  took  ther-to  Reward, 
And  off  hys  port  gan  haue  a  syhte, 
I  Axede  hy??i  what  that  he  hihte. 

"VVrathe  :  ^  ['  I"  store's  hand,  C,  Wraththe  St, 

'  Tak  thys,'  (]Uod  he,  '  in  wordys  fewe  : 

I  am  kome  for  to  shewe 

To  the  (off  hoi  entenciou??) 

ffully  my?^  occupaciou7^, 

As  thow  shalt  wyte  witA-Inue  A  throwe. 

And  yiff  thow  lyst  my  name  knowe, 

I  am  the  olde,  most  owgly, 

Skywned  rowh  and  yrchownly ; 

My7J  heer  vntressyd  and  vndyht. 

And  in  Ordre  nat  kempt  A-ryht, 

Doubter  to  that  Rowhe  yrchouw 

AVych  euere  (in  hyr  entenciou??) 

Ys  to  vertu  grettest  Enmy ; 

W^■t7i  whos  prykkes  mortally 

She  hath  hyr  sylff  Enarmyd  me. 

To  shewe  outward  my  cruelte. 

And  who-euere  to  me  aproche, 

A-noon  I  marke  \\ym  v/ith  my  broche, 

Perce  hyni  thorgh,  by  gret  vengau7ice  ; 

ffor  thys  my  loye  and  most  plesau?ice, 

Voyde  off  mercy  and  al  pyte, 

Euere  for  tavengyd  be 

On  aH:  that  do  me  any  wrong  ; 

ffor  off  power  I  am  mor  strong, 

That  god  only,  off  hys  suffraujice, 

Hath  in  myre  hand  yput  vengau?zce 

And  fully  execuciou??, 

By  lettre  and  by  commyssioure : 


15556 


T!ie  Pilffrim. 


and  a  steel 
saw  in  his 
mouth. 


155G0 


15564 


15576 


[Stowe,  leaf  275] 


I  ask  liis 
name. 


15568 


15572 


His  name  and 
occupation. 


He  is  the 
rough-skind 
son  of  the 
hedgehog, 


daughter  of 
Virtue's 
greatest  foe. 


[C.&St.]    15580        [leaf  23.'-.] 


15584 


15588 


15592 


He  is  void 
of  mercy  and 

pity. 


and  is  clothed 
with  venge- 
ance and 
execution. 


420     Wrath's  name  is  '  Touch  nu  not!    He  mahcsfolk  bestial. 


is  sliarppr 
tlian  bramble 
or  thorn, 


or  any  hedge. 


His  name  is 
'Noli  me 
tangere,' 


'touch  me 
not.' 


He  is  void  of 
all  reason. 


[leaf2Sr.,bk.] 


hlindin<j 
people. 


and  makin.^ 
them  bestial. 


'  ffor  wych  I  am  (in  my??  Entent) 

Deyngnows  and  inpacyent, 

Mor  sliarp  (behynden  and  beforn,) 

Than  brembel,  or  any  maner  thorn 

And  who  that^  lyst  to  close  hys  vynes,       ['  so  st.] 

Or  Eou7kI  abouten  hys  gardynes 

With  my  sliarpnesse  cloos  abonte, 

He  sholde  ha  no  mane/-  doute 

Off  entryng  in,  nor  off  no  ffon ; 

ffor  hegh  so  sliarp  ys  makyd  noon 

So  stronge  Avrouht,  nor  so  myghty, 

That  ys  drad  so  myche  as  I, 

Nor  so  despytous  by  to  pace.  [stowe,  leaf  275,  back  ] 

'  My  name  callyd  in  ech  place 
Ys  thys,  '  Noli  me  tangere ' ; 
ffor  I  haue  '  carme?*  et  ve ' ; 
Thys  to  seyne,  (yiff  yt  be  soulit) 
Be  war  that  thow  touche  me  nonht, 
WiiJi  me  I  hane  (Eve  a7id  morwe) 
Lame«taciou?z,  dool  and  sorwe  ; 
ffor  I,  devoyde  off  al  Eesowi, 
AVyl  cachche  A-noon  occasion?? 
(Thogh  that  ther  no  cause  be) 
A-noon  for  to  avenge  me 
I  pntte  al  folk  in  swych  affray.  „ 

'  And  as  a  Bakke  at  mydday 
ffleth,  and  yet  may  se  no  syht 
Thogh  that  the  so??ne  shyne  bryht, 
Eyght  so,  off  malys  and  off  prydo, 
Wlierso-eu(??'e  that  I  abyde, 
I  blynde  ffolkys  off  al  Reson??, 
And,  for  lak  off  descreciou??,'-^  [^  dyscrecAwm  St.] 

I  cause  lie?/i  that  they  may  nat  se 
But  bestyally  in  thcr  degre. 
I  trouT)le  lie?»  (in  especyal) 
That  they  be  verray  bestyal ; 
I  make  hem  looke  pale  and  megre, 
Yive  he???  vergows  aiid  vynegre 
To  encresse  her  trouble  aiid^  wo. 
And  yive  hem  other  sawtys  mo; 


1559G 


15600 


15004 


15608 


15612 


[c.&st.]  15616 


15620 


15624 


15628 


[3  and  ('.,  om.  St.] 


15632 


Wrath  makes  folic  rcvcngcfid,  and  is  hitter  as  Wormivood.  421 


'  Mor  to  folkys  colleryk 
Tliaii  to  folkys  fflewmatyk. 

*  I  make  also  (as  I  wel  kan)  [stowe,  leaf  276] 

In  the  ffyrmament  off  a  man  15036 

"Whom  that  phylosoffres  Alle 
'  The  lasse  world '  a  maw  they  calk 
In  thcr  bookys  (so  they  wrytc). ; 

And  in  that  world  I  kan  exeyte  1 504:0 

The  Avyndes  off  dyssenciou?t 
And  thondrys  off  rebelliou?*. 

'  I  dyrke  (wit/i-oute  Awysement) 
Ther  wyt  and  ther  entendemcnt,  15G44 

And  clypse  also  ther  liesouM 
(ffor  lakkyng  off  dyscreciou/t), 
And  cause  he/»  to  l>en  despytous, 

Vengable  and  maleucolious,  15648 

I  am  so  verray  serpentyne. 

'  Whan  Ire  doth  my?i  herto  myne^ 
I  am  so  venymows  (in  soth), 

I  boUe  as  any  crepawd  doth ;  15652 

I  make  blast,  I  blowe  aiid  yelpe  ; 
I  am  the  bychchii  gret  wt't//  whel[)e, 
That  wheliieth  kenetys  off  meschauwce^ 
Eu(??'e  redy  to  do  vengau??ce.  1505G 

In  loue,  I  kan  ha  no  swetness<', 
ffor,  I  haue  mor  sharpnesse 
Than  outlier  brambel,  bnssh  or  brere. 

'And  I  am  ek  (as  thow  shalt  lere)  15G60 

Whan  I  am  steryd  in  my  blood, 
Mor  sowr  and  bytter  than  wormood  ; 
Ne  AVer  vengaunce,  I  wer  but  lorn, 
ffor,  I  am  the  sharpe  thorn  15664 

Off  wych  (by  deSC)7'pciOU?i)  [Stowe,  Jeaf  276,  back] 

ludicU/M  maketh  menciOUJZ,         Egre,Uat«r  Ihimpnus.    lm\k;>m  90. 
'  capjtuio.  C,  urn.  St. 

Off  wych  the  ffyr  sprang  out  A-noon, 

And  brente  the  cedrys  cucrychon.  15668 

ffor  who  ne  toncheth,  in  my?j  Ire, 

'With  Anger  I  renne  anoon  affyre, 

Whan  any  wynd  at  me  doth  bloAve, 

Men  may  yt  by  the  sniokii  knowe.  15672 


111  mail,  the 
niici'ocosiii  (J 
less  world, 


Wrath 

awakuiis 

(lissuiitiun, 


darkens  their 
wit, 


anil  eclipses 
their  reason. 


He  is  as 

veTiuiiiiius  as 
a  toad. 


[leaf  ■>;»>] 


and  sharper 
than  briar  oi 
Ipush, 


or  than  the 
liranible  of 
Jothaiu, 


which  burnt 
tlie  cedars 
(Judges  ix. 
15). 


422    Wrath's  stones,  Despite  and  Strife.  His  iron,  Im2%dicnce. 


lias  two  hard 

stuiies, 

to  cause  fire, 


'Despite' and 
'  Strife : ' 


these  forged 
tlie  Saw  lie 
holds  in  his 
teeth. 


made  by  the 

liammer 

Strife 

[leaf  236,  Jbk.] 

out  of  the 
iron  Impa- 
tience, wliieli 
was  dti(j  out 
of  liell. 


'Righteous- 
ness' 


with  the  file 
of  'Correo- 
tloii ' 


'  I  hurtle  tliys  hardii  stoonys  tweyne, 
Smyte  fyr  wit/i  al  my  peyne ; 
Make  the  sparklys  out  to  gon ; 

And  yiflf  I  hadde  ynowh  bronstoon,  15G76 

I  sholde  (off  malys,  in  my  werkyng,) 
Sette  affyre  al  maner  thyng 
Wit/^-oute  mercy  or  respyt. 

'  On  off  thys  stonys  ys  '  Despyt '  15680 

Ycallyd  /  the  tother  hyhte  SStryff' : 
'With  wyche  tweyne,  al  my  lyft' 
I  haue,  in  hi&  and  lowe  estaat, 

Mad  folkys  offten  at  debaat ;  15684 

And  off  thys  two,  by  mortal  lawe, 
"VVhylom  forgyd  was  thys^  sawe,  [imyst.j 

The  wych,  (As  thow  mayst  beholde) 
Wit/i-In  my  sharpe  teth  I  holde ;  15688 

And  in  the  forgyng,  ek  thor-wit/t 
The  hamer  Strytf,  despyt  the  Stytli.-    \}  stythe  St.,  styhhe  c] 

'  And  the  yren  (by  sentence) 
Callyd  was  '  Inpacyence'  15692 

Wych  was  dolven  out  off  helle, 
Wher  that  blakii  ffendys  dwelle. 
Anil  (yiff  thow  lyst  sen  al  the  caas,) 
Thus  the  sawe  endentyd  was, 
And  al  teth  set  by  and  by 
"Wrouht  by  nie  ful  crafftyly. 

'  tfyrst  (as  I  shal  her  expresse,) 
A  lady  callyd  '  Ryghtwysnesse,' 
Smyth  and  also  forgeresse 

[«  line  hlank  in  C. ;  no  <jai>  in  St.] 
Off  al  vertues,  rekne  echon, 

Hyr  sylff  hem  forgeth,  on  by  on ;  1570-i 

And  she  hatli  (in  conclusiou?t,) 
A  ffyle  callyd  '  Correcciouw ' 
W^t7i  wych  (thogh  yt  be  nat  soote) 
She  ffyleth  synniis  to  the  roote,  15708 

That  no  liust  (I  the  ensure) 
May  ther  kankren  nor  endure, 
She  skoureth  yt  a-way  so  clene, 
Tliat  noon  ordure  may  be  sene.  15712 


[Stowe,  leaf  277] 

15696 


15700 


Wrath's  Smo  cuts  love  in  tioo,  &  divided  Jacob  and  Esau.  423 


'  And  yet  she  hath  assayed  offte, 
Wit/i  hyr  tfylii  (no  thyng  soflfte) 
Vp-on  my  cursyd  yren  hard, 
Eebel,  rusty,  and  fro  ward, 
ffor  to  do  the  rust  a-way. 
And  as  she  fylede  day  be  day 
Vp-on  myn  yren,  rowh  and  old, 
Ther-off  she  made  (as  I  ha  told) 
Thys  sharpiji  sawe  (in  verray  dede) 
Wych  that  callyd  ys  'Hatrede.' 
And  "wyth  thys  sawe  (talc  lied  her-to) 
Ys  I-sawhe  and  kut  a  two, 
Parfyt  loue  and  vnyte, 
Concord  and  ffraternyte ; 
Off  charyte  and  allyau??ce 
Maad  also  dysseuerau?zce : 
Yt  cut  a  two  ech  vertu. 

'  In  lacob  and  Esav 
Thow  mayst  sen  a  pleyn  fygure 
Yiff  thow  rede  the  scrypture  : 
Thys  sawhe  made  hem  gon  assonder, 
The  Ton  her,  the  tother  yonder; 
And  longii"^  tyme  assonder  were 

'  And  thys  sawhe  also  I  here 
(As  thow  sest)  her  in  my  mouth 
Wher-cue;-e  I  go,  both  Est  and  south. 
Off  entent  (be  wel  certeyu) 
Whan-eue/'e  I  pray,  or  shuldii  seyn 
My  pater  noster  nyht  or  day, 
Tlianne  I  sawhe  my-sylff  a-way 
firom  the  hooly  trynyte  : 
I  preve  yt  thus,  (as  thow  mayst  se,) 
I  pray  god  (off  entenciou?i) 
Off  my  synuiis  to  lian  pardon/^, 
Evene  lyk  to  my  socour 
So^  I  forgyve  my  neihhcbour. 
In  my  prayere  ek  I  sette. 
That  he  forgyuii  me  my  dette 
As  I  forgyve  folk  thoffence 
That  to  me  dyde  vyolence ; 


15716 


15720 

[■  shaqie  St.,  sharp  C] 


15724 


filed  this  Saw 
ni«ht  and 
day, 


which  severs 
coucoul  and 
fraternity. 


[Stovve,  leaf  277,  back] 


15728        [leaf  237] 


Oilerat  ergo  Esuii  lacoh  Dixit-fjue  veiiient  dies 
vt  occidajrt  lacob.    Genesis  .27".  cupiticlo 


15732 


as  in  the  case 
of  Jacob  and 
Esau. 


[-  longe  St.,  long  C] 


15736 


15740 


15744 


[Canib.  prose, 
cap.  cxlix.] 


Wrath  bears 
this  Saw 
always. 


PAsSt.]    15748 


15752 


and  turns 
it  against 
himaelf  in 
prayer. 


424   Wrath  makes  Murderers,  and  slew  Aiiostles  and  Martyrs. 


Wi-ath 


never  for- 
gives his  foes, 
and  so  liis 
prayer  fails. 


[Canili.  prose, 
cap.  cl.J 


[leaf  237,  bk.] 


Satan  first 
bore  Wrath's 
saw. 


His  falcliion 
makes 
kni>;lils  of 
his  own  con- 
dition. 


like  Uarab- 
baa. 


Tyrants  like- 
wise wore  it, 
when  tliey 
slew  the 
Apostles  and 
Martyrs. 


Kings  should 
)uint  them 
out. 


'  And  to  conclude,  (yiff  yt  be  soulit,) 

I  forgyve  lier-off^  rybt  nouht ;  [i  thcr  off  St.] 

Than  muste  yt  folwe  (off  oquyte) 

]\ry  prayere  ys  ageyn[e]s  me  :  15756 

To-ward  my-sylff  (by  mortal  lawe)         [stowc,  leaf  278] 

Wrongly  I  tourne  thys  ylke  sawe 

In  the  wycli  ys  no  profyt, 

Worshepe,  honour,  but  fals  delyt,  15760 

But  gret  damage  and  harm  ful  olfte. 

*  And  he  that  sholde  stonde  aloff  to, 
Holdynge  thys  sawhe  (thys  the  caas,) 
He  ys  be-nethe,  and  stont  most  baas ;  15764 

In  signe  wheroff,  (who  lyst  knowe,) 
Sathanas,  he  ys  most  lowe, 
Wych  fyrst  off  allc  bar  tliys  sawe. 

'My  fawchou?i  ek,  whan  I  yt  drawe,  15768 

Wych  that  hangeth  by  my  sydc 
Ther-w^tZi  offte  I  kan  provyde 
To  maken  (off  Entenciou?i) 

Knyhtys  oft*  my  condiciou??, ;  15772 

Swych  I  mene,  in  tlier  degre, 
As  thys  mordererys  be. 
Ther-wytli  I  gyrde  hem  eu??-ychon, 
Off  wychc  Barrabas  Avas  On,  15776 

As  he  that  was  an  homycyde. 

'  And  looke  ek  on  the  tother  syde, 
Tyrau?itys  wer  gyrt  w/t7;  tliys'-^  fawchoitn   [nhest.] 
Wha«  they  {with  ful  gret  passiou/i)  15780 

Slowhe  thapostellys  ek  also, 
And  holy  martyrs  bothii  two 
Swych  tyrau?«tys,  in  ther  rage, 

Lyk  to  bestys  most  savAge  15784 

Tournyd  were  fro  ther  Eesou/?, 
Wors  than  Beere,  boor  or  lyouw, 
Wych  that  dwelle  in  wyldernesse.      [stowe,  leaf  278,  back] 

'  And  ryhtful  kyngcs,  in  sotlmesse,  15788 

Sholde  hunte  hem  out,  and  at  \\cm  chace, 
Wher  they  dwelle  in  Any  place, 
Both  beforn  and  ek  behynde, 
llather  thaw  outlier  hcrt  or  hynde.  15792 


Wrath  and   Tribulation  rush  to  attach  me. 


425 


'  Ther-for,  wtt/i-outc  wordys  mo, 
Be  Avysed  what  tliow  wylt  do ; 
Yiff  thoAv  wylt  stonden  at  dyfEence, 
A'^ejn  me  maken  resystence  15796 

"With  thy  swerd,  and  with  thy  targe, 
Wych  that  ys  so  brood  and  large  : 
Off  hem  I  haue  no  mane/-  doute, 

Be  cause  thow  art  nat  wit7/-oute,  15800 

The  to  dyffende,  fro  poynt  to  poynt. 
Clad  a-bove  with  a  purpoynt ; 
And  I  shal  ek  (yt  ys  no  drede) 

Haiiii  helpe,  yiff  yt  be  nede,  15804 

Ageyns  the  to  do  vengauwce 
The  to  bryngen  to  outrau?tce.' 

The    pilgrym  :  ^        ['  I"  Stowe's  hand.    The  Pylgrym  St.] 

"  Be  war,  touche  me  nat,"  c[U0(l  I ; 

"  Ifor  yiff  thow  do,  (fynally,) 

I  am  cast,  in  my"^  dyffeuce,  [2  my  St.,  thy  c] 

ffor  to  make  resystence 

As  longe  as  me  lasteth  breth ; 

fful  myghtyly  vn-to  the  deth, 

I  shal  nat  spare,  (yt  ys  no  faylle)." 

And  ffyrst  he  gan  me  thus  assaylle  ; 
llys  callyouns  to-gydre  he  smoot  [siowe,  leaf  279] 

Tyl  tliey  gan  to  wexen  hoot,  158 16 

And  ther-w^t7i  he  gan  loude  crye. 
And  than  at  erst  I  gan  espye ; 
ffro  the  hyl  descendyng  doun, 

Kam  with  hyra  '  Trybulaciou?*,'  15820 

Off  stature  gret  and  large 
Wit/i-oute  sheld  or  any  targe. 
To  me-ward  she  gan  hyr  dresse. 

In  hyr  hand,  (by  gret  duresse,)  15824 

A  gret  hamer  I  beheld  ; 
And  in  the  tother  hand  she  held 
A  peyre  off  pynsou^s  ek  ther-wyth ; 
And  A  Barmfel  off  A  smyth,  15828 

At  hyr  brest  she  hadde  vp-bou?de. 

Tribulacion  :  ^  pin  stowe's  haml.   TrybulaWon  St.] 

Quod  she  to  me,  '  thow  art  wel  fou/ide. 


.that  I. 
must  ilcfunil 
myself. 


15808 


15812 


[leaf  238] 


The  Pilgrim. 


[Not  in 
Camb.  prose.] 


I  defy  Wrath. 


He  knocks 
his  flints  to- 
gether, 

and  slionts, 
and  I'onies 
against  me 
witli  'Tribu- 
lation ' 

[In  Cainb. 
prose  iv.  15.] 


armd  witli 
a  great  Ham- 
mer 


and  a  pair  of 
Pinchers. 


420   Tribulation  is  Hcavc7i's  Goldsmith,  and  makes  Crowns. 


was  sent  by 
'  Ire,' 


[leaf  238,  bk.] 


and  does 
not  fear  my 
weapons. 


The  Pilorim. 


I  ask  the  use 
of  her  tools. 


says  that  if 
she  had  an 
anvil  she 
would  forsje 
me  a  Ciown 
of  Life. 


She  is  the 
Goldsmith 
of  Heaven, 
and  foi'fjes 
Crowns  of 
I'aradise. 


'  Thow  knowest  (I  trowe,  in  tliy?«  eutent) 

That  Ire  hatli  me  to^  the  sent :  [ivntost.]  15832 

Thys  sawe  shal  me  ber  record ; 

fFor  he  and  I  ben  off  accord  ; 

Mawgre  thy  myght,  thow  mvst  ley  dou« 

Her,  aifor  me,  thy  Bordoim.  15836 

'  Thow  hast  nat  On,  in  thy  dyffence,       [st.  &  c] 
No  Gambysou?j'^  off  pacyence,  [^  St.,  c.  &«»•»<] 

For  off  thy  targe  ^  and  off^  thy  swerd     p  Targe  /  nor  St.] 
I  am  in  no  wyse  afferd ;  15840 

They  may  no  thyng  avayllii  the, 
ffor  to  tfyhte  ageynijs'*  me.'  [tageynac,  st.] 

tllQ   pilffrym  :  ^         [^  in  Stowe's  hand.   The  Pylgrym  St.] 

"  Touchy ng  thy  name,  me  lyst  nat  lerc ; 

But  oft'  the  I  wolde  enquere,  158-44: 

Wher-off  thy?i  Instreumentys  thre 

Servyn,  that  thow  beryst  viiili  the." 

tribulacioil  :  *'  l^  in  Stowe's  hand.    Trybnlacion  St.] 

'  My?«  instrumentys  (in  wordys  ffewe) 
Declare  openly,  and  shewe 
(Shortly  in  conclusiou?*) 
What  ys  my?i  occupaciou». 
Me  wanteth  nothyng  but  a  styth, 
But  I  sholdiJ,  lyk  a  smyth, 
fforge  A-noon  (w/t/i-outii  strylF) 
Vn-to  the  A  crownc  off  lyff. 
But,  for  cause  (yih'  thow  ha  myndc) 
That  thy  Styth  ys  lefft  behynde 
Off  neclygence,  ther  thow  gost, 
Thow  stanst  in  pereyl  to  be  lost. 
And  for  thy  styth  ys  now  away, 
I  shal  the  smyten,  yiff  I  may  ; 
Tha?4  thow  shalt,  w^t/i-Inne  A  trowe,'^ 
j\Iy  ko?myng  and  my  cratft  wcl  knowc. 

'  I  am  gold-smy th  (in  sothnesse) 
Off  hevene,  and  the  forgeressc 
Wych  in  erthc  (by  gret  avys) 
fforge  the  crownys  off  paradys ; 
ffor  wz't/i  my?i  hamcr,  mor  and  more 
I  batrc  the  metal  wonder  sore, 


15848 


15852 


1585G 


15860 

["  throwe  St.] 


15SG4 


LSlowe,  leaf  2SiiJ 

15868 


Tribulation's  Hammer  of  Persecution  &  Tongs  of  Distress.  427 


'If or  to  prevti  wel  the  metal 

That  yt  he  fouride  good  at  al, 

By  assay,  hothe  ffer  and  nor. 

And  in  A  ffurneys  bryht  and  cler, 

To  preve  yt  good,  (as  I  the  tolde) 

With  my  Toongys  I  yt  holde 

Iful  offtc  sythe,  and  spare  yt  nouht. 

And  whan  I  ha  the  trouthe  out  souht, 

And  ftynde  that  ther  be  no  let, 

Yiff  yt  he  good,  I  make  yt  bet. 

Yiflf  yt  be  wykke,  (truste  me,) 

I  make  yt  wors  (as  ffolk^  may  se).  pmenst]  15880 

'  Myw  hamer,  by  descrypciou?^, 
Ys  callyd  '  persecuciou??,' 
Wych  doth  to  Ifolk  ful  gret  offence  : 
Wha)i  the  doublet  off  pacyeuce 
Ys  devoyded  from  her  bak. 
Than  go,  farewel,  al  goth  to  wrak  ; 
Ther  manhood  and  ther  renou« 
Al  tourneth  to  confusiou«. 

*  lob,  whilom  by  pacyence, 
Hadde  yt  On  in  hys  dyffeuce, 
And  other  seyntys,  fer  a^id  ner 
Rehersyd  in  our  kalender, 

'  My  toongiis  (as  I  shal  expresse) 
Een  ycallyd  ek  '  Dystresse,' 
Wych  that  werkyn  to  an  herte 

fful  gret  anguissh  and  gret  smerte ;  1589G 

And  in  a  pressour  off  gret  peyne       [stowe,  ieaf28o,  bacU] 
They  kan  ful  offte  A  man  dystreyne 
Bothe  wzt/i-outen  and  wtt/i-Inne, 
As  gold  ffoyl  ybetyn  thy?jne. 
Swych  pressyng  (who  kan  espye) 
Causeth,  from  a  ma«hys  Eye, 
The  salte  terys  dystyllii  dou??, 
Makynge  A  denionstraciouw-, 
And  an  evydent  massage 
Off  sorwe  in  herte  and  grctii"'  rage       [=  giete  St.,  gvet  c] 

'  Thys  Barmfel  also  that  I  were. 
And  a-ffor  my  brest  yt  here. 


15872        [leaf  239] 

tests  it  ill  a 
furnace. 


15876 


improves 
good  metal, 
and  worsens 
bad. 


Her  Hammer 
is  called '  Per- 
secution," 


15884 


15888 


15892 


with  which 
she  over- 
comes 
patience. 


Her  tongs  are 
Distress, 


and  squeeze 
a  man  us  thin 
as  gold  toil. 


15900 


15904 


[C.JcSt.]    15908     [leaf  239,  U-.] 


428     2Vihidations  A'lwon  of  Shame.     She  thrcatcris  me. 


Tribulation. 

Her  brcast- 
Jipi'oii  is  Con- 
fusion or 
Shuiue. 


Shu  will 
smile  lue  uu 
tlie  back, 

to  fultil  Ire's 
desire; 


and  1  shall 
burst  or 
groan. 


'  Empty  ves- 
sels make 
most  sound." 


The  unvirtu- 
ous  have  no 
jicace  when 
Iiersecuted. 


[leaf  210] 


'  Callycl  ys  by  rylitful  name  [c.  &  st.] 

'  Coufusioiire '  or  ellys  '  Shame ' ;  ,, 

As  tlms  (for  to  specefye) 

Whan  I  do  swych  tormeutryc  15912 

W^t^  my  bytter  peynys  strong — 

Be  yt  ryht  or  ellys  wrong — 

To  don  execuciouJi 

Outher  be  cyvyle  or  kanou?* ;  15916 

The  shame  ther-off,  and  the^  outrage,       [igreiest.] 

Shewyd  ys  in  the  vysage ; 

And  most  he  hath  occasiiou?^, 

That  most  hath  persecuciou^..  15920 

'  And  I  shal  preue  A-noon  by  the, 
Yift'  thow  komie  ashamyd  be. 
I  slial  assaye  for  to  smyte 

Vp-on  thy  bak,  my  sylff  ta(|uyte  15924 

ffor  to  fulffylle  the  talent  [st.iwe,  leaf  2si] 

That  Ire  hath  in  hys  entent 
Enclosyd  by  ful  mortal  laws. 

Ifor  whyle  that  Ire  bereth  the  sawe,  15928 

Thow  shalt,  by  persecuciouw, 
Outher  breste,  or  make  a  sou/t 
Outward,  as  by  som  gruchcliyng. 

Or  by  som  noyse  in  c6?»pleynyng  :  15932 

A  voyde  vessel,  pype,  or  to?nie. 
Whan  the  lycour  ys  out  Eo?me, 
Who  smyt  thcr-on  /  vp  /  or  doura, 

Yt  maketh  outward  a  gret  sou?i,  1593G 

Mor  tha?i  to-forn,  wha?i  yt  was  ful ; 
And  therfore,  who  that  ys  dul 
And  voyde  off  vcrtu  (doutules) 

By  pacyence  kan  ha  no  pes,  159-±0 

Whan  he,  by  trybulaciou?i, 
Suffreth^  persecuciou?z,  [^  sumethc  my  st.] 

Wrong,  or  any  maner  wo  : 

Adonay  me  tolde  so,  15914: 

AVhan  she  me  made  fyrst  a  smyth, 
ffor  to  forge  vp-on  hyr  Styth.' 

the   pilgrym  :  ^       P  in  Slowe's  hand,  C.     The  Pylgrym  St.] 

"  Yiii"  thow  be  makyd  by  offys 


Trilndation's  1st  Commission  from  King  Adonijah.         429 
"(As  thow  seyst)  smytli  oft"  paradys,  15948    tiw pugrim. 

Mak  me  no  dvlaClOU^,  [Stowe,  leaf  2S1,  back]  laskTiibu- 

•'  lalioii  to  show 

But  shewe  me  thy  co?/7myssiou?t,  ■  ™eiierCom- 

Thy  power  also,  and  thy  myght, 

That  I  may  sen  hem  A-non  ryht,  15952 

ilbr,  but  I  se  hem,  trusts  me, 

I  wyl  in  no  thyng  leue  the 

Off  al  that  eupre  thow  hast  me  told." 

And  she,  out  off  A  box  ful  old,  1595G   siie  proiiucis 

it. 

Took  out  A  Co?»niyssiou?i, 
And  sayde,  lyk  hyre  entenciouH  : 

Tribulacion  :  ■^      ['in  Stowe's  liand,  C.    Trybulac;on  St.]  Tribulation 

'  Se  thys,'  q?<ofZ  she,  '  and  rede  yt  wel,  j^'^'*^ '"« '«"'! 

And  looke  yt  ower  Euerydel,  15960 

And  ther-vp-on  the  wel  avyse. 

Yiff  that  it  may  nat  suffyse, 

I  shal  the  shewe  A-nother  to,  siicwiiishow 

me  a  second 

Wych  I  haue  viitli  me  also  :  159G4  one  too. 

Eed  hem  bothe,  and  thow  shalt  se 
My  power  and  Auctoryte.' 

[8  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  IlIuminaHon.'\ 

the    pilgrym  :  -  ['  in  stowe's  hana.     TIic  Pylgrym  St.]  The  Pitgnm. 

And  whan  they  wern  vn-to  me  take, 

A-noon  I  gan  me  redy  make,  159G8 

Kedde  he???,  bothe  two  yffere  ; 

And  fynally,  yiff  ye  lyst  here, 

And  to  me  yiven  Audyence,  [st.  &c.]  [ieaf2jn,bii-.] 

This  was  the  fyrste,  as  in  sentence.  [st.  &c.]  15972   tirst  commis- 

sion. 

The  comisyon  &  power  sryven  to  tribulation  :^  THbuiauov's 

"^  ^  ""^  Ut  Commis- 


'  Adonay,  the  myghty  kyng  p  in  stowe's  hand.   The  >^ 

''  '  J  o      J       J     n  Coniy.ssi(>u«  and  Power  vove  / 

Wych  ys  lord  off  enery  thyng,         I'e'.'Jr'k'J]^""''''''""'    ^"'"'''  g"e"t  idnK, 

Emperour  off  Eyghtwysnesse,  ""''^' 

AVhos  power  (in  sykernesse)  1597G 

iSTeuere  eclypsyth  off  hys  lyht, 

But  shyneth  eue/'e  ylyche  bryht, 

As  he  that  lord  ys  off  nature, 

And  ewer  in  On  shal  so  endure,  15980 

As  off  power  a7id  oft'  lienou??, 

Elthe  to  trybulaciou?^ ! 


430  Ho%o  Prosperity  has  ruind  ^^jjiritAiality. 


Tribulation's 
!ȣ  Commis- 
sion 


B  directed 
against 
'  Prosperity ' 


which  hath 
taken  castles 
and  towns 
from  Grace 
Dieu  and  the 
king. 


[leaf  241] 


and  robbed 
treasui'e. 


specially 
Spiritual 
goods. 


'  We  haue  vnderstonde  late, 
Tydynges  nat  fill  old  off  date,  15984 

How  the  Stepmoder  off  vertu, 
And  f ul  enniy  to  cryst  ihesu, 
Wych.  callyd  ys  '  Prospe;-yte,' 

Ageyu  al  rylit,  thorgli  hyr  powste,  15988 

Hath  Our  sawdyours^  assaylled,         [•  Sowdyours  St.] 
Set  ou  hem,  mui  nat  yfaylled, 
By  maner  off  collllsioll?^ 

Drawe  her  hoodys  lowe  doii?i       [stowe,  leaf  282,  back]  15992 
Oner  ther  face,  by  swych  degre 
That  tliey  be  blynd,  and  may  nat  se, 
(Wych  ys  fill  hard  for  to  recure,) 
And  be-rafft  hem  ther  Armure  ;  1599G 

Only  off  fals  presumpciouw, 
Wit/i-oiite  restytucTou?z, 
Take  away  ther  Garnysouws, 

Tlie  castelys  also  and  tlie  Touws  IGOOO 

Wych  that  longede  off  equyte 
Vn-to  Grace  dieu  and  me.^  [^  to  me  St.] 

'  But  now  off  newe,  (yt  ys  no  nay,) 
ffrom  vs  she  hath  hem  take  away,  1G004 

Wzt//-oute  forberyng  or  favour 
Dyspoylled  vs  off  Our  tresour, 
And,  in  our  tours  strong  and  Old, 
Vesellys  off  syluer  and  off  gold,  16008 

Take  hem  a-way  by  Tyranye, 
Bextorsiouw  and^  roberye  ;  [•'  .ind  by  St.] 

I  mene  most,  in  especial, 

Ther  goodys  that  were  Espyrytual ;  16012 

Swych  goostly  goodys  eue>'ychon 
Ben  yrobbyd  And  agon  ; 
And  thorgh  hyr  Eavyne  and  robbyng, 
She  hath  lefft  ful  nyh  no  thyng.  1 601 G 

ffor  wych,  we  lyst  no  lengcr  tarye, 
But  vn-to  the,  Our  secretarye 
And  Our  sergauwt  in  thys  caas, 

(Wych  off  custom  berst  our  maas)  1G020 

We  (wyth  al  our  hool  entent,)  [stowe,  ieaf28;!] 

Sonde  vn-to  the  A  Mauwdement, 


Tribulation  chastises  the  Prosperous,  and  turns  them  to  God.  481 


'  And  co)?imytten  our  power, 

If  or  to  cerclie  ffer  and  ner,  16024 

Hows  by  hows,  wher-euere  he  be, 

To  sekyn  out  Prosperyte. 

'  And  that  thow,  in  al  wyse 
Be  bysy,  hy?«  for  to  chastyse,  16028 

That  he  no  mor,  by  no  quarelle, 
Be  hardy,  ageyn  vs  to  rebelle ; 
Holde  hy??i  euere  so  lowe  dour?, 

Chargyng,  by  thys  co??^.mysslou?^,  16032 

That  alle  tho  that  thow  mayst  fynde 
(I  mene,  hem  that  be  mad^  blynde  ['  maae  St.] 

Bassaut  off  thys  Prosperyte) 

Tourne  her  hoodys,  and  make  he?)t  so;  16036 

Chastyse  he??2,  (in  thyw  entent,) 
And  byd  hem  take  avysement, 
ffyrst,  her  Eyen  to  vnclose, 

And  so  her  hertys  to  dyspose,  16040 

ffor  to  looken  vp  ful  offte 
To  the  hevene  hih  aloffte  ; 
And  hem  syluen  mor  tassure,  [st.  &  c] 

Take  ageyn  ther  okle  Armure  „       16044 

Vn-to  hem,  bothe  plate  and  maylle,  ,, 

(Lyst  ther  enmyes  he??j  assaylle,)  ,, 

Wych  they  ha  broke,  and  lost  in  veyn ; 
Lat  hem  reforge  he??i  newe  ageyn.  16048 

*Grau?ite  to  swych  euerychon,       [stowe,  leaf  283,  back] 
Crownys  \Yitli  many  A  ryche  ston, 
I  mene,  to  hem  that,  off  assent, 
Obeye  vn-to  thy  mau?zdement.  [st.  &c.]  16052 

'  And  for  thys  skyle,  (in  sykernesse,) 
We  have  maad  the  Forger  esse 
And  Goldsmyth  off  our  hevenly  tour, 
ffor  to  don  ay  thy  labour,  16056 

To  al  that  suffre  as  Cha???p3^ons, 
ffor  to  forge  he???,  ryche  crownys, 
Wher-so  they  suffre,  on  se  or  lond, 

*  And  sese  also  in-to  thy«  bond,  16060 

Solace  and  play  in  ech  cyte. 
And  al  swych  worldly  vanyte, 


Tnbnlatinn's 
1st  Commis- 
sion. 

This  com- 
mand is  sent. 


in  order  to 

chastise 

•Prosperity' 


and  all  folk 
whom  she  has 
blinded, 


so  as  to  make 
them  look  up 
to  Heaven. 

[leaf  211.  hk.] 


Wlien  they 
do  80,  they 
are  to  have 
Crowns. 


Tribulation 
is  declared 
Goldsmith  of 
the  heavenly 
tower. 


to  forge 
crowns  for 
those  who 
suffer. 


432     Trihulation  is  to  try  rdl  folic.     The  ohcdient  arc  crownd. 


Trihnlatinn's 
\st  Commit- 
sion 

to  bury  all 
vain  amuse- 
ments. 


She  is  given 
full  power  to 
do  her  devoir. 


She  is  to  try 
all  folk  with 
affliction ; 


and  those 
who  obey  her 
are  to  be 
crownd  in 
Heaven. 


This  l8t 
Commission 
was  dated  on 
tlie  day  Adam 
was  driven 
out  of  Para- 
dise, 


'  And  loyes  that  ben  t/'ansytorye, 

Revel,  and  al  Avorldly  glorye.  16064 

And  wher  tliow  niayst  liewt  sen  or  knowe, 

Burye  \\Qm  in  the  Erthc  lowe ; 

Oppresse  he»i  wiili  thy  sharpe  sliours, 

ffor  tliey  deceyve  our  sawdyours.^     [i  sowdyoms  St.]   16068 

'  And  we  the  grau?jte  f-ul  power 
Duely  to  don  thy  dever  ; 
To  sen  our  vessellys  euerychon, 

Wher  that  tliey  be  voyde  or  noon,  16072 

fful  off  good  or  wykkedncsse, 
To  knowe  do  tliy  besynesse. 
Touche  hem  w/t/i  Trybulaciou?? ; 

And  yiff  they  Gruchche,  or  make  sou/?,  16076 

Yt  ys  a  tookne  vn-to  the 
Off  good,  that  they  yvoyded  be. 
And  yiff  thow  se  by  thy  touchyng       [stowe,  Uafssi] 
That  they  resowne  no  maner  tliyng,*  16080 

Hyt  ys  an  opne  /  Evydence 
Off  gruchchyng  /  ther  ys  noon  Offence ; 
For  we  Charge  the  /  day  l)y  day, 
Cerche  liem  wel  /  And  make  assay.  16084 

'  And  who  off  hyh  /  or  lowh  degre 
That  lowly  /  wyl  obey[en]  the, 
For  hys  suffrajmce  /  and  lowlyhede 
He  shal  be  Crownyd'  /  For  hys  mode  16088 

In  oure  Court  /  CclestyaH. 
Loo  !  off  thy  power  /  thys  ys  AH, 
Charge  to  donf  /  Execucion, 

And  Fyn  off  oure  Co»?myssion,  16092 

H  Yove  and  wryte  /  (who  loke  wel,) 
Vnder  oure  owue  /  pryve  sel 
A^p-on  the  day  /  (by  goode  avys) 

Whan  Adam  /  Out  off  Paradys  16096 

Exyled  was  /  (as  thow  mayst  se) 
With  allc  hys  hool  Posteryte, 


*  As  tlie  catchwords  at  the  foot  of  this  leaf  are  "Yt  ys  an 
ojien,"  the  next  sheet,  at  least,  of  the  Cotton  MS.  is  missing. 
I  tlicreforu  copy  and  print  it  from  the  Stowe  JIS.  952,  leaves 
284-301,  with  its  metrical  pause-ljars. — F. 


Trihulation  s  2nd  Comm.,  from  Satan,  to  harass  Pilgrims.  433 


'  For  ther  was  noon  /  Excepc/on.         [Stowe  ms.  only.] 
H  'And  the  tother  Co?>imyssion  16100 

That  I  off  spak  /  I  shaH  the  shewe ; 

And  yt  ys  thys  /  In  wordys  Fewe  : 

H  Thaniyral  /  off  the  grete  See, 

Fulle  off  Wawes  /  (as  men  may  so,)  16104 

Which  that  callyd'  /  ys  Sathan — 

Grettest  Enmy  /  vn-to  Man, 

Fog  to  Adam  /  and  hys  Lynage, 

For  topresse  hem  /  with  hys  Raage,  16108 

Kyug  of  alls  /  Inyqnyte,  [stowe,  leaf  2si,  back] 

And  Tormentonr  /  off  Equyte, 

By  wronge  /  and  Persecucion, 

Elthe  /  to  Trybulac2'o?in,  16112 

Swych  as  we  /  may  to  hym  sende 

For  tapeyre  /  and  nat  Taniende, — 

We  haue  syttyng  /  In  onre  Dongojin, 

Knowyng  /  by  clere  Kelac/ozin  16116 

That  the  Sergeanntys  /  Fynally 

Off  the  myghty  kyug  /  Adonay 

Ageyn  oure  power  /  haue  ytake. 

And  ther-vp-on  /  hem  Eedy  make  16120 

With  vs  /  For  to  haue  a-do, 

And  wy?ine  the  place  /  that  we  kam  Fro, 

And  hem  purpose  /  in  that  Cyte 

Ther  For  to  /  EeceyvecJ  be ;  16124 

And,  lyke  /  as  myghty  Champyo?<ns, 

Made  hem  Skryppes  /  and  Bordowns, 

Seyn  that  they  /  in  ther  vyage, 

Wyl  thedyr  goon  /  On  pylgrymage,  ,  16128 

Euerych  off  hem  /  In  ther  degre, 
'  Wher-vp-on  /  we  charge  the, 

Sende  to  the  /  oure  Ma?/ndement, 

The  yevnge  /  In  Co??imaundement,  16132 

That  thow  shalt  kepe  /  the  Passage, 

To  lette  hem  /  in  ther  Pylgrymage ; 

Espye  hem  out  in  euery  place, 

Smyte  hem  /  or  that  thow  Manace  ;  16136 

Oppresse  hem  /  with  thy  vyolence 

Abo  we  lobys  Pacyence,  [sto  we,  leaf  285] 

PILGRIMAGE.  F  F 


Triljufation'it 
liiil  Commis- 
sion 


from  Admiral 
Satan,  man's 
greatest  fue. 


"  We — know- 
ini»  that 
Adonij.-ili's 
servants  ;ire 
preparing  to 
attack  our 
city, 


and  liave 
Scrips  and 
Staves — 


charge  thee 


to  stop  tliese 
Pilgrims  and 
smite  them." 


48 1     I'rihulation  s  treatment  of  me  depends  on  my  Conduct. 


TrlbuJation'x 
ind  Cotnmii- 
slon 

from  Satan, 


to  torture 
pilgrims, 
tliat  tliey 
may  hang 
themselves 
as  Judas  did. 


Datc<l  wlien 
Christ  on  tl»e 
Cross  let  the 
thief  enter 
Paradise. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  Trihula- 
tion  wliether 
he  means  to 
work  (Jod's 
and  Satan's 
commissions 
equally. 


says  that  if, 
wlien  I'm 
beaten. 


I  lake  it 
patiently, 


Wliicll  tooke  away  /  hys  Temperalte,      [Stowe 

He  nat  gruchchynge  /  In  no  clegre. 

If  Travaylle  /  In  thyn  Entenc^on 

To  Reve  hem  Skryppe  /  and  IJordon  ; 

Atte  the  herte  /  do  hem  sorvve  and  avo  ; 

And  with  thy  Toonges  /  pynche  hem  so 

On  eue/'y  halft'  /  that  thow  nat  Fayle 

To  Rende  out  Bovel  /  and  Entraylle  ; 

As  the  Bowell'^s  /  otf  ludas, 

Streyne  hem  /  In  the  same  caas, 

That  they  /  be  grete  Adversyte 

May  hange  liem  selff  /  vp  on  a  Tree, 

IT  And  on  thys  caas  /  both  ferr  and  ner, 

To  tlie  we  gra?/ntc  /  FnH  power, 

As  by  cure  /  Co?».myssiou7i 

Wretyn  /  In  cure  derke  Dongou?^., 

The  same  tyme  /  whan  Cryst  Ihe,s'u 

Vp  on  the  Cros  /  by  liys  vertu 

Grau?/ted  the  Theelf  /  For  a  grete  prys, 

To  Entren  /  In-to  Paradys  ! ' 

The  Pylgrym: 
"  And  wlian  I  hadde  /  hem  bothe  seyn, 
I  tooke  hem  /  vn-to  hym  ageyn, 
Axede  hym  /  anOOn  Right  tho 
YifE  he  wolde  /  vse  hem  botlili  twoo 
Lyke  Frely  /  In  Werkynge,  [stowe,  leafas.-), 

Syth  tliei  Fyn  /  oif  ther  menynge 
Conclude  nat  /  In  oo  Sentence  ; 
For,  as  grete  ys  /  the  dyfference 
Atwene  hem  tweyne  /  by  Obstacle, 
As  bytwene  venym  /  and  Tryacle." 

TrybuIac?on  : 
'  When  I  ha  take  /  on  the  the  wrak, 
And  strongely  Forgyd'  /  on  thy  Bak, 
Than  shaltow  /  by  Ellecczown 
Haue  Choys  /  to  Avhich  Cowmiyssio2/n 
Thow  wylt  the  take  /  and  ther  abyde. 
For  ^iff  that  tliow  /  on  yche  a  syde 
Scyst  ryght  nought  /  In  thy  <lyffence. 
But  suffrest  alle  /  In  Pacyence 


MS.  only.] 

16U0 


16144 


16148 


16152 


16156 


16160 


back] 


16164 


16168 


16172 


16176 


I  am  free  to  let  Trihulation  send  me  either  to  God  or  Satan.  485 


'  With-oute  Murmjiyc  /  or  any  Sou?,',      [Stowe  MS.  oniy.j 

But  off  hoole  /  Entencioiwt 

When  thow  Felyst  /  dool  or  Smerte, 

Thankest  god  /  with  alio  thyn  herte,  16180 

Than  maystow  wytte  /  and  Fully  knowe 

That  my  power  /  hyh  and  lowe 

Is  taken  /  In  Conclusiouw 

Off  the  Fyrst  /  Comniyssiomi.  16184 

IT  '  But  yiff  yt  falle  /  he  wel  certeyn, 
That  tliow  stryvc  /  or  gruchche  ageyn 
In  thy  sylff  /  by  vyolence 

Arryuest  /  For  Irapacyence,  16188 

And  besy  art  /  yt  to  with-stonde, 
Thankest  nat  god  /  ek  off  hys  sonde,       [stowe,  leaf  286] 
But  Fyndest  /  som??ie  Fals  Occasyou?i 
To  lese  thy  Skryppe  /  and  thy  Bordou/^,  16192 

Castest  hem  /  wylfully  a-Avay, 
As  whylom  dydd'  /  (yt  ys  no  nay) 
By  grete  mescheef  /  Theophilus. 

And  semblably  /  yiff  thow  do  thus,  16196 

Than  ys  my  Co?«myssiour^ 
Yove  /  to  thy  dampnac^ouw 
By  the  power  /  off  Sathan, 

Which  /  For  to  decoyve  Man,  16200 

Travaylleth  ay  /  to  make  hym  lese. 

IT  '  Wher-Fore  thow  mayst  /  off  bothe  chese. 
And  haste  ek  /  Fre  Ellecciou/j, 

Which  /  off  Eche  Co??irayssiouw  16204 

I  shaH:  vse  /  ageyn [e]s  the. 
IT  For  I  ha  no  Lyberte, 
But  evene  lyke  /  as  I  the  Fynde, 

The  to  Constreyne  /  or  vnbynde,  16208 

Affter  thy  /  Condicioezn 
To  vsen  /  Eche  Co?>imyssiouw. 
H  My  power  ys  /  In  alle  Rewmys, 
Lyke  vn-to  /  the  Sonne  Bemys,  16212 

Shynynge  most  hoote  /  the  Somf?jerys  day, 
(_)n  Foule  Erthe  /  and  tendre  Clay, 
Hys  grete  heete  /  maketh  hem  anOon 
To  wexe  as  harde  /  as  eny  Stoon.  16216 


Tribulatiou. 


and  tliank 
God  for  it. 


his  power 
over  me  is 
iiiuler  the  1st 
Oommissioii. 


But  if  I 
murmur. 


and  cast  away 
my  scrip  and 
staff, 

as  Theophi- 
lus did. 


tlien  I'm 
Riven  over  to 
Satan. 


I  have  free 
choice. 


Tribulation 
is  like  the 
hot  sun: 


it  hardens 
clay; 


it  melts  wax. 

It  works 
according  to 
folks'  dispo- 
sition. 


43G     Trihidation  knocJcs  mc  dmvn,  and  sorely  op2^'i^<^sscs  mc. 

Tribulation.   ^  '  But  wex  and  Talwli  /  yt  dotR  Relente.  [Stowe  MS.  only.] 
And  evene  thus  /  In  niyn  Entente,     [siowe,  leaf  asc,  back] 
Lyke  Folkys  /  Dysposictuun 

Is  myn  /  Operacion  ;  1G220 

And  thus  vsynge  /  myn  Sergawntry, 
I  kan  werke  /  dyuersly ; 
Wher-flbre  I  rede  /  be  war  off  me, 
For  I  anOon  /  shal  smyte  the.'  16224 

The  Pylgrym: 
And  lustly  Covenau?«t  /  he  lield' : 
He  smoot  me  so  /  that  Spere  and  Slield' 
Fro  me  Fyllen  /  domi  to  grou?tde, 

Ilys  Strokys  wern  /  so  Fel  and  llouwde.  1G228 

And  trewly  /  For  my  grete  dystresse, 
Ire  kaughte  /  a  grete  gladnesse, 
And  wolde  /  to  my  confiisiou/i, 
Ila  wouwded  me  /  with  hys  Fawchou?? ;  16232 

But  Trybulac/on  /  stoode  be  syde, 
And  badde  he  shukle  /  a  whyle  abyde, 
IModle  off  hym  /  as  yitt  no  more; 

'  ft'or  I  sliaH  ffyrst  /  my  sylff,  so  sore,  16236 

Done  on  hym  /  so  grete  vengau?ice, 
So  grete  anoy  /  and  dystourbance, 
"With  my  Tuonges  /  streyne  liym  so, 
And  batre  hym  /  On  the  bak  tlier-to  162-iO 

With  myn  hamer  /  large  and  longe, 
That  hath  an  lieed  /  ytforged'  stronge. 
To  chastyse  hym  /  in  swych  mane/"e 
Ther-by  that  he  /  shaH  wel  lere,  16244 

As  Ije  my  /  Comyssyou?^ 


The  Pi/fffim. 


Tiitmlntion 
Rtiikca  me 
<lowii. 


Ire  wants  to 
wound  nie, 

l)Ut 


stops  him. 


He  will  pinch 
and  baiter  me 
liimselt'. 


That  I  am  /  Trybulac'iown.' 


[Stowe,  leaf  2S7] 


The  Vilftrim. 


Tribulation 
))res.ses  nie 
sorely. 


And  ffelly  thus  /  to  Ire  he  spak, 
And  euere  batrynge  /  on  my  bak, 
With  his  Toongiis  /  gan  me  streyne 
That  me  sempte  /  ffor  tlie  peyne, 
I  was  pressyd  /  In  a  pressour, 
I  am  iicipicss.  Voyde  off  helpe  /  and  alle  sokour, 

Compleynyng  /  ffor  my  grete  penau?zcc, 

Tyl  yt  ffel  /  In  my  Iteiuembrance, 

If  And  liaddo  vnto  /  a  worde  Ilewardc 


16248 


16252 


/  adopt  St.  Bernard's  Prayer  to  Mary,  my  Refuge.         437 


That  I  radde  ouys  /  off  seynt  Keniard,    fstowe  MS.  only.] 

How,  iu  alle  greff  /  and  alle  mescliau7ice,  1G257 

In  euery  mesclietf  /  and  penau/«ee, 

Helpe  and  Refnyt  /  ffor  to  ffyndc, 

That  a  Man  /  sliulde  haue  liis  niynde,  1G2G0 

Off  herte  also  /  ffully  Repay  re 

To  hyr  /  that  ffayrest  ys  off  ffayre, 

Which,  thurgh  /  hyr  humylyte, 

Was  Moder  /  and  a  Mayde  ffree,  162G4 

Wlios  hel[)fci  neue?*e  was  l)ehynde 

To  hem  that  lyst  /  haue  liyr  in  mynde  : 

She  kan  helpe  liem  /  In  her  Xede 

Best  off  alle  /  her  loiirne  spede.  1G268 

IT  ffor  which,  /  with  alle  myn  herte  Entere, 

To  her  I  make  /  my  prayer, 

And  sey  to  hyr  /  with  hunihle  Chere, 

The  wordys  which  that  ffolwen  here,  1G272 

Which  Seynt  Bernard  /  fful  longe  ago 

In  latyn  /  wrote  hem  eke  also  : — ■  1G274 

IT  '  Tu  es  Refugium  meu»i  A  Tribulac^'one.'     [Pe.  xxxi.7.] 

^My  worshipfull  ]\Iaystre  Seynt  Bernard'  taught  me, 
that,  in  alle  pereylles  and  alle  anguysslies,  and  in  euecy 
Tribulacton  or  wordely  wrechchednesse,  that  I  shulde 
fflen  ffor  Refuyt  vnto  the-  //  And  that  I  shuld'  devoutly 
and  mekely  hesekyn  and  prayen  vnto  the  /  The  same 
seint  Bernanl'  seyynge  thes  wordes  vnto  me  /  '  Si  In- 
surgant  venti  temptacionu;H  /  vt  \vitpt  super  missus  est. 
Yiff  the  hytter  ffelle  wyndes  off  temptac/on  assaylle  the, 
yiff  thow  falle,  l)y  any  ftVoward?  aventure,  vp-on  the 
Contagyous  Rokkys  of  Tribulacion  /  Beholde  the  bright 
glade  sterre  off  the  see,  and  make  thyn  Invocac2"on  and 
thy  prayer  vnto  that  blysfuU  Ma3de,  oure  Lady  saynt 
Marye'  //  And  yiff  yt  Falle  that  thow  be  trowblyd' 
in  thy  Conscience  with  multytude  off  many  horryble 
syn/jcs,  Confus  and  ashanml?  with  the  horryble  ffylthe 
thcr-off,  and  ther-vp-on  thow  drede  the  oft'  the  fterfuH 

-  Linus  16,276-8  are  a  quotatiun  from  the  [la.s-sage  below, 
1.  16,280-16,310.— H.  Parkiusou. 


The  Pilgrim. 

Then  I  recol- 
lect St.  Hern- 
anl's  ^ellill>,' 
folk  ill  trouble 


to  po  for 
lefiiso  to 
the  Viixin 
Mary. 


Anil  I  there- 
lore  pray  to 
lier  ill  words 
englislit  from 
St.  Heniiird's 
Latin  Homily 
ii.  II.  \~,  Super 
Misnun  est: 
Kil.  Paris, 
IS;i9,  vol.  I. 
Pars  altera, 
p.  168-t,  or 
Vol.  II.  p.  12, 
e<\.  Veneliia, 
1765,  with 
omissions 
after '  Marye,* 
1. 16,287  and 
16,297.— H. 
Parkinson. 
[I  Stowe,  leaf 

287,  back] 
He  taught  me 
in  all  dangers 

1G278 


16283 


to  pray  to  the 
Star  of  the 
Sea, 
Onr  Lady 

St.  Mary. 

1628S 


438  Tlw  I  Jly  to  Mary,  7mj  sins  stop  me  going  whole-heartedly. 


[Stowe  MS. 

only.] 
St.Beruanl. 


16294 

He  said,  in 
all  troubles, 
call  on  Mary. 


16298 


While  she 
holds  thee  up, 
thou  canst 
not  lull. 

16303 

['  stowe,  leaf 
288] 


16308 

[2  End  of 
St.  Bertiard'] 
So,  ill  any 
tribulation 
I  go  to  Her, 


16312 


16316 

hut  I  can't 
do  80  with 
my  whole 
heart. 


16320 


16324 

for  I'm  faded 
anil  wrinkled 
with  sin. 


16328 


sentence  off  the  domys  Man  //  And  her-vp-on  be- 
gynest  to  ffallyn  iii-to  the  dyrke  pytte  off  Drerynesse, 
vp-on  the  wofuH:  swolwh  off  Dysespeyr  and  Desper- 
acionn  /  '  Cogita  Mariani  /  Leffte  vp  thyn  herte,  and 
thenke  vp-on  Maiye '  //  In  alle  pereylles,  in  alle 
Anguysshes,  In  alle  dotows  thynges,  Thynke  and 
calle  vnto  Marye  //  ffor  alle  the  whyle  thow  ffolwest 
vp-on  that  hlysfuH  Lady,  thow  niayst  nat  goon  out  off 
thy  weye  ;  wliyls  thow  prayest  to  hyre,  thoAv  niayst  nat 
ffalle  in  despeyr  //  whiles  at  thow  thenkyst  hertly  vp- 
on  hyre,  thow  niayst  nat  Erre  //  And  whiles  that  she, 
"with  liyr  Mercyahle  hande  holdeth  the  vp,  thow 
niayst  nat  falle  //  And  Whiles  that  she,  with  the 
benygne  gracious  shelde  ^Off  hyr  proteccion,  dyffendeth 
the  /  yt  nedeth  the  nat  to  drede  thyn  Enmyes  //  And 
whiles  that  she  ys  thy  gracious  guyde  in  thy  pe/yllous 
pylgrynimage  off  this  mortal  lyff,  thow  niayst  nat  wexe 
wery  //  ffor,  thurgh  hyr  Mercyable  Conveyynge,  thow 
shalt  arryven  vp  at  the  Agreable  havene  off  euere-last- 
ynge  lyff^  //  Therffore,  whan  that  any  Tribulacion  put 
vp-on  nie  or  assaylleth  me,  To  the  only,  and  to  no  mo, 
I  haue  my  Recours  ffor  lielpe  //  Whan)  any  adversyte 
or  wrechchydnesse  swe  vp-on  me.  In  the  ali-only  I 
ffynde  refuyt  and  Refuge  //  Bot  /  0,  alias  !  grete  mater 
have  I  to  Compluyne ;  ffor,  but  yiff  Tribulaci'on  con- 
streyne,  or  somme  sodeyne  aduersyte  excyte  me  and 
pooke  vp-on  me,  I  kan  neue/'e,  off  my  ffroward  dysposi- 
ciowi,  haue  hertly  Recours  vnto  the  //  And  trewly,  ffor 
thys  Cause,  I  may  lustly  and  fuH  Covenably  take  vp-on 
me  the  name  off  a  drye  stobyll,  or  off  a  Avelkyd  leef, 
that  ys  ffalle  doun  ffrom  a  tree  //  ffor,  semblably  so  as 
a  drye  stobyl  or  a  ffadyd  leef  ffalle  to  the  Erth,  and 
neuere  ys  reysed  vp  ageyn  to  the  brau?iche  he  kam 
ffro  //  Right  so  I,  the  most  wrechchyd'  Wyght  off  alle 
sjmiers,  and  most  dyffadyd'  and  Avylked'  with  synne, 
nat-Avith-stondyng  my  grete  vnhappy  Infortunye  Avhich 
that  I  lye  defonlyd  Iniie  /  yitt  kan  I  neU("re,  tyl  I  be 
nievyd  with  i^omnie  anguyssh  or  adue/'syte  //  0  blysfuH: 
lady,  I  ffle  vnto  the ;  dyvert  my  passage  vn-to  the  Soc- 
ourable    tent  off    thy  grace  //  But,  0,  alias !   as  god 


Thmh  only  hope  of  my  Soul!  Take  mc;  let  me  rest  in  Tltec  !  439 


dylienil',  yiS  thow  puttest  me  a-way,  and  Refusest  my 
komynge,  whedir  sliulde  I  ffertlier  itleu  to  It'ynde 
sokour  or  eiiy  helpe  1  And  yiff  tlie  gretnesse  off  my 
syn?ies  causeden,  thurgfi  my  dcmerytes,  that  tliuw 
■\voldest  ffor  my  defautes  p?irsue  me  //  ^  Alias !  wJnat 
shulde  I  done  //  Certys,  in  the  grete  bytternesse  off  my 
sowle,  I  were  lyk  to  be  dyspeyred'  off  hope  //  and  than 
myght  I  weH  seyn  vnto  the,  "  Contra  ffolm?/»,  qtiod 
vento  Eapitwr,  ostendis  potenciam  tua??i,  &  stipniam 
sitiam  [=  siccam]  p?-osequeris  "  //  Alias,  blyssec^  and 
mercyfuH  lady !  shoIJest  shewyn  thy  myght  and  thy 
power  ageyn  a  ffadyd  and  a  welkyd  leff,  that  ys  lefft  vp 
and  RavysshetJ  with  a  sodeyn  wynde,  and  sholdest, 
goode  Lady,  pursuen  a  Drye  stobyl,  fFeble  and  vn- 
myghty,  to  withstonde  thy  power  //  0,  thow  only  hope 
of  my  Sowle  !  thow  shalt  nouere  do  so,  namly  vnto  mc, 
Avhich  haue  avowee^?  to  ben  thy  servawnt,  and  ffleth 
vnto  the  for  socour  and  helpe  //  Nor  thow,  lady,  shalt 
nat  voyde  hym  fFro  the  /  whom  that  Tryl)nlac«'on  so  sore 
pursueth,  to  do  vengaurice  vpon,  and  he  ffleth  to  the 
ffor  helpe,  and  hath  noon  other  socour  nor  Dyuertycle 
to  Declyne  vnto,  but  only  to  the  //  But,  benygne 
Lady,  off  thy  grace  thow  shalt  mercyably  Eeceyve  hym, 
and  thow  shalt  swetly  and  ffauorobly,  as  a  IModer  off 
]\Iercy,  ffostren  hym  //  ffor  thow.  Lady,  were  notably 
ffyguryd  afforn  by  the  Arke  of  Noe  /  In-to  which  was 
Eecoyved'  the  Cely  Dowe,  whan  he  Resortec?  ageyn, 
in-as-much  as  he  koude  ffynde  no  londe  to  Eest  vi)-on 
his  ffeet  //  ffor  the  DredffuH  wawes  off  the  sterne 
ffloode  hadde  so  ouerfflowed'  the  Erth.  Thus,  in  the 
same  wyse,  0  thow  blysfutt  lady,  thow  shalt  do  to  me, 
which  haue  no  place  to  fflee  to  but  aH-only  vnto  the ; 
ffor,  off  thy  Customwiable  goodnesse  and  off  thy  be- 
nygne grace,  thow  shalt  Eeceyve  me,  ^And  benygnely 
off  thy  Mercy,  as  a  Destytuyt  and  a  Desolate  pore 
Creature,  thow  shalt  ffostre  me  in)  the  soote  lappe  off 
thy  mercyable  Mantel  //  ffor  trewly,  lady,  the  Eage 
Floode  off  worldly  Tribulaczon  kometh  so  sore  vpon), 
that  I  ha  no  Eecours  to  Eesorte  vnto,  but  only  vnto 
the  /  Nor  I  haue  no  verray  Eestynge  place,  but  only  in 


[Stowe  MS. 
only.  ] 


1G334 

['  stowe,  leaf 

2HH,  WAvk] 
If  my  sills 
made  Tlice 
pursue  me, 
what  shouUl 
I  do  ? 
(Joli  xiii.  25.) 

1G339 


16343 


Only  hope  of 
my  Houl, 
reject  me  not! 

16347 


16351 


but  merci- 
fully receive 
me, 

16355 

as  Noah  did 
the  Dove  that 
could  find  no 
land  to  rest 
on! 


16360 


I  have  no 
spot  to  fly  to, 
but  only 
Thee ; 

[2  Stowe,  leaf 
289] 

16366 


no  restinfi- 
place  but  in 
Tliue. 


440   /  can  come  to  Christ  only  thro  Thee.  Thou  art  my  Refuge. 

[Stowe  MS.    the  /  And  tlierfore  I  may  fful  wel  conclude,  and  say  // 

■ '  Tu  es  Refugiu?M  /  meu??j  a  Tribulacz'one  /  Thow  art  only 

16373        my  Refuyt  in  eue^y  Tribulac^■on.'     But  ys  nat  also  thy 

chiVst""'       hlyssyd'  son?ie,  my  sovereyn  Lorde,  Cryst  Ihe^'u,  my 

"s^hww^says  I^^scus  and  my  Kefuy t  in  euery  Tribulac^'on  1     Seyth 

(P8.cxiiv.2j?   j-^g^^.  Daxiid  ill  the  sawter  book  //  ^Dnmiwus,  Firmamen- 

t\xm  meu;«,  &  Refugiu?>^  meu»i,  &  Liberator  meus  / 

The  lorde  ys  Firniamentu/^,  my  protection,  my  Refuge 

16379         and  my  delyuerer  in  euery  Tribulacz'on  /  Vere  ipse  est 

Refugium  nieu//t,  Deus  meus  /  Saluator  meus,  &  spe- 

J,rp  ""  '":•    '"^^^0  in  eum  /  Sothly  he  ys  my  Refuge,  my  lorde  god  / 

^'>  my  Savyour,  And  al-only  I  shall  truste  and  hope  in 

U)"Thee\"^       liym'  //  But,  0  blyssed'  lady,  ffleyng  to  the  ys  nat 

Heeiiig  to        ellys  but  a  Recours  vnto  hym ;   And  who  that  shaH 

16385        haue  Recours  to  hym  /  mvste  ffirste  off  necessyte  passyn 

[I  Kj.  Paris 

i8;i9,'voi.  I.'  by  the;  and  by  tliy  blyssed'  medyacou?i  so  atteyne  to 
sei-m'ode  '     koDie  to   hym  //  ffor,  as  the  fforsayde  holy  Doctour 

Aquaeductu, 

11.7,11.2170:    Seynt    Bernard'  recordeth,^  '  Nichil  nos   Deus  habere 

a  parallel  in  _ 

^^,  p.  2154.  voluit  (|?^od  pe?*  tuas  manus  non  transiret'  //  This  to 
16390  seyn,  'the  blyssed  lorde  /  hatR  so  dysposyd'  the  Orden- 
He  gives  UB     au»ce  ofF  liis  gracyous  gvfFtes,  that  we  may  ha  poces- 

iK)  good  save        _  o        J  o^  J  j  i 

ila  li\7  siou7i  off  no  goodnesse  but  yiflf  yt  passe  by  the  honndes 

^"zlibackT^  off  that  blyssed'  2Mayden'  //  And  tlierfore,  0  thow 
mercyable  lady,   that  I    may  haue   helpe  off  hym  in 

16395  euery  Tribulac/on,  ffyrst  yt  behoveth  me  that  I  resorte 
vnto  the;  And  tlierfore  I  may  Avel  seyn,  as  I  ffirst 
seyde  // '  Tu  es  Ref  ugiu»i  meu??i  A  Tribulacione '  //  And 

Tims,  thro       I  may  wel  seyn  thys  ffirst  worde  /  '  Tu  /  Thow  ' ;   ffor, 

Tliee  alone  ''  J  J  '  /  J  ' 

ran  we  hope  sauff  ouly  Tliow,  tlicr  ys  noon  other  in  whom  ys  hope 
off  vertu  and  off  lyff  /  And  I  may  say  /  '  Thow '  /  ffor 

16401  Thow  art  allone,  Witli-out  eny  other  Egal  vn-to  the, 
ffor-as-much  as  thow  art  syngulerly  blyssyd'  byiforne  alle 
other  //  And  I  may  say  '  Es,'  that  thow  art  devoyde,  by 
a  synguler  prerogatyff,  tfrom  alle  vnclenuesse  off  syn/«e  ; 
and  so  in  perfytnesse  off  vertu  Thow  shalt  pe?-severen 

16406  and  abyden  /  in-to  the  worldis  ende  //  And  thow  mayst 
be  callyd  Covenably  /  '  Refugiuni,'  That  is  to  seyn, 

thonsove-       'sovoreyne  Reffuyt  and  Refuge';  ffor  benygnely  Thow 

reign  liefnge  o       ^  ^  ^^        u 

for  all  who  Recey vest,  Sweily  ffostryst,  and  mercyably  closest 
vnder  thy  Mantel  off  Mercy,  alle  tho  that  flleen  to  the 


Mary,  he  mine !     Tribulation  has  driven  me  to  Thee.     441 
ffor  socour  and  helpe  //  And  thougli  thow  be  ordeyned'    [Stowe  MS. 

,      .  ,  only.] 

ffor  a  Cora;/ion  Eeftuge  vnto  alle  syn/;ers  /  yitt  enclyne 


the  in  especyal  to  be  niyn  /.  '  Myn '  :  why  so  1  Myn,   • 
Trewly  /  '  Quia  tibi  Soli  peccaui,  &  malum  Coram  te   16414 
ffeci  /  ffor  only  vnto  the  I  ha  sym«yd'  and  tresspassed',   neTWouspe- 

'  -^  J        J  1  daily  mine; 

And  to-ffore  thyn  Eyen  Done  fful  Outragous  OfFencys  //  for  against 

Lady,  artow  my  pocessiomj,  sythen  yt  stant  so,  that  bave  i  sind. 
fful  ofte  sythe,  thurgh  ffals  ffauour  off  prosperyte  and 

transytorye  off  this  wrechched'  worlde,  I  ha  fforgetyn  16419 

the  //  Artow  or  shaltow  be  myn  verrey  herytage,  sythen  Thou  art  my 

"  ^  ^       ^        Ki  inheritance. 

I,  woful  A\T:echch,  neuere  ne  Dydd'  no  Dygne  se?-vyse 

vnto  the  /  Or  ^  Artow  yoven  to  me  syngulerly  in  pro-  U  Rtowe,  leaf 

pyrte?     God  dyffende   But  I  cleyme  in-to  my  poces- 

siou?*  and  in-to  my  propyr  herytage  //  ffor-as-much  as  I    16424 

have  eue?'e  knowen   the  Custom??iably  to  haue  mercy 

vp-on  wrechches ;  and  I  am  fful  wel  expert,  and  ha 

fful  expe?yence  off  thy  benygne  goodnesse,  which,  in 

aH  mescheff  and  in  aH  my  nedys,  I  haue  euere  ffouride 

redy  vn-to  me  //  wher-off,  blyssede  lady,  with  alle  my    1G429 

herte  I  thanke  the  //  And  ffor  as  much  as  thow  hast,   Thou  hast 

ever  heen  my 

nat  only  at  oone  tyme,  but  at  alle  tymes,  be  Eeffuyt   itefuge. 

and  synguler  Keffuge  vnto  me  /  '  Ideo  te  semper  ven- 

dico  esse  menm  :  Therffore  euere  in  esiiecyal  I  chalenge   Thon  art  »pe- 

'  cially  mine. 

the  to  be  myn.'     'Vnde  hoc  michi'?    wheroff,  or  by 

Avhat  Tytle,  komytli  this  vn-to  me.  Or  off  what  Doctour,   1 6435 

Or  of  what  Mayster,  have  I  lernyd  to  Chalenge  so  hih  a 

Tresour  ]'     '  Certe,  a  Tribulacz'one  /  Certys,  off  Tribula- 

cion '  /  ffor,  treAvly  I  dar  wel  seyn  in  this  caas,  that 

Tribulac/on  was  my  Maystresse  and  my  Techere ;  and    16439 

off  hvr  I  lerned  this  lessouw,  that  with-outen  aboode  or   Tribulation 

•^  '  sent  me  to 

any  taryyng  to  haue  my  Eesort  ffor  Socour  vn-to  the,   '^''^ee, 
off  Entent  that  thow  shuldest  syngulerly  be  my  snp- 
porte  and  Eeffuge  //  But  how  may  yt  be  in  any  Avyse    16443 
that  this  shulde   longen  or   apertenen   vnto  Trybula- 
cion  Jl  Or  what  kon?«yng  hat  Trybulacz'on,  or  may  in 
eny  wyse  techen  a  Man  the  weye  off  Elthe  1    Sytii  hyr 
Condicion  ys  rather  to  brynge  a  man  in-to  Drerynesse  ;    16447 
and  to  Casten  hjnn  in-to  the  ffroward  pathys  off  dyses- 
pevr  and  despt'?-acion.     Trewly,  by  clere  Consyderac/on 

'■    -^  ^  .; '      J  J  j-2  stowe,  leaf 

off  dyucrs  Respectys,  ^she  techeth  both  the  Ton  and      2uo,  back] 


442     TJtou,  Mary,  Itclping  mc,  I  shall  defy  all  Trilndation. 


[Stowe  MS. 
only.] 


tauglit  me  to 

Hee  to  Thee. 


16455 


IfTi-ilmlation 
tries  to  drive 
ine  to  despair, 

164G0 


I  shall  say, 
'  Mary  is  my 
Rufuj^e.' 

1G465 


1G469 


If  he  say  a  I 
am  too  late, 


16474 

my  Kins  are 
too  great ; 


I  shall  an- 
swer, 

16478 

['  stowe,  leaf 

291] 
'  Mary  is  ever 
ready  to  ^'niiit 
Mercy  to  all 
who  ask  it.' 


16483 


If  he  still 
tlueateiis  me. 


16488 

I  si  I  all  say, 
'  Mary  is  my 
help; 


the  totlier  //  But  she  taught  me  tlmt  I  shulJe  fflen  vnto 
the ;  and  she  mevede  me  also  that  I  shukle  dyses- 
l^eyre  //  But,  if  or  I  sawh  Eltlie  in  the  ton,  and  grete 
distourbau?/ce  an[d]  trouble  in  tlie  tother,  Therifore,  in 
Eschwyng  oif  dyspeyr,  I  chees,  off  hool  herte,  to  fflen 
to  the  ifor  sokour  and  helpe  //  ifor,  ffleyng  to  the,  ys 
savac^■on  ;  &  to  dyspeyr  /  ys  deth  with-oute  Remyssiou?*. 
Thanne,  ffroin  hen?iys  fforwartl',  yilf  my  Maystresse 
Trybulacion  caste  hyre  to  ben  but  a  Stepmoder  off  niyn 
Elthe  and  my  savacion,  and,  sternely  Rebukynge  and 
vndernemynge  me  /  Mynystre  vnto  me  any  mater  off 
dysespeyr.  To  dresse  me  in-to  the  dyrke  wey  of  drery- 
nesse,  I  shaH  answere  vn-to  hyre  in  my  dyffense,  and 
seyn  as  I  ffirst  sayiV,  '  Tu  es  Ref  ugiu?>i  meu?/i  a  Tribu- 
lac/one '  //  And  yiff  that  Tribulacion  replye  ageyns  me, 
and  be  bolde  or  hardy  to  axe  me  why  I  dyspeyre  nat, 
or  Avher  myn  hope  Shulde  ben.  Or  who  yt  ys  that  may 
be  myn  helpe  in  tliis  caas,  or  my  socour  in  eny  wyse, 
I  shal  boldly  answere  ageyn,  and  seyn  //  0  blyssecl? 
lady,  '  That  yt  ys  only  Thow.'  And  yff  he  contynue 
in  hys  malys,  and  labour  off  H'rowardnesse,  to  subucrteu 
myn  hope,  and  sey  *  vnto  what  ende  abydestow  /  Thow 
art  kome  to  late,  Tempus  miserendi  preterijt  /  Tyme  off 
mercy  ys  ypassyd'  /  Quia  maior  est  Iniquitas  tua  qwam 
vt  veniam  conseruaris  //  ffor  thy  wykkednesse  ys  more 
than  thow  mayst  ha  mercy  off,'  I  shaH  boldely  yive 
answere  by  0  syllable,  and  seyn  '  Quia  Es  /  ffor  thow  / 
art,'  that  ys  to  seyne,  thow  abydest  tfyx  and  stable  / 
^Euer  in  Oon,  with-outen  Ende,  Redy  to  do  Mercy  to 
alio  that  Requeren  the  //  Thane,  yiff  he,  Confus  off  myn 
Answere,  in  Thretyug  wyse  Replye  ageyn  me,  and  say 
thes  wordes  that  her  Sue  /  '  Al  be  yt  so  that  the  blyssed* 
]\Iayde  be  thy  Synguler  hope  and  thy  ffuH  Trust,  & 
eue/'e  Endelessly  ys  redy  to  do  mercy  /  yitt  truste  me 
wel,  ffor  my  part,  wher-so-euere  that  thow  be,  Or  to 
what  party  tliat  thow  ifle,  I  shaH  pursue  the ' ;  Than, 
nat-with-standyng  the  trouble  off  his  Inprirtable  malyp, 
I  shall;  answere  with  a  gladde  herte  ageyn,  and  seyn, 
that  '  thow,  Ijlyssed'  Mayde  /  Es  R,efugiu?M  meujM  /  Art 
my  socour  and  Reff"uyt  in  cucvy  Trybulacion  : '  wher- 


Tribulation  drove  me  to  Thee.   Thou  art  my  one  Comfort.  443 

vpon,  in  Conclusiozm,  I  drede   hys  manacys  nor  hys    [StoweMS. 

Thretys  neueradel  /  And  sothly,  blyssed'  lady,  I  may   — °^^ 

wel    sevn    that   thou    art   *  RefEusiu?H,'  Which    ys    to  i  fear  not 

•^  ^  '  •'  your  threats." 

seyne,  a  fflyght  off  hem  that  be  gylty  /  ffor-as-much  as, 

nat  only  I,  but  alle  tho  that  be  gylty,  fflen  vnto  the  16495 

ff or  heljie  /  Than?ie,  yiff  that  Desperacton  Convyct  and  Mary !  aii 

conf  us  with,  &  Trvbulacou/i  axe  me  by  what  Mene  I  to  Thee  for 

'  •'  •'  help. 

may  knowe  Thylke  souereyn  Eeffuge  and  Reffuyt  off 
alle  that  be  gylty,  or  off  whom  I  was  taught,  or  who   16499 
was  my  ledere  or  my  guyde  to  kome  to  thylke  souereyn 
Eeffuge  / 1  wylle  answere  and  [seyn]  '  A  Tribulaczone '  /  Tribulation 
ffor  Trybulacton  (as  I  have    sayd'  to-fforne)  was  my 
Maystresse   and  my  guyde,  and  ys  Cheff   leder  and 
governeresse  Off  my  passage  /  And  whan  I  was  slowh    16504 
in  my  passage,  with  hyr  vexact'on  she  Constreyned'  me   •^^^le,  ""^ 
to  fflen  to  the  ff  rom  hyr  fface  /  Seniblably  as  a  yonge  fleet  from  the 
Chylde,  whan  he  hath  espyed'  the  wolff,  naturelly  ffleth 
vn-to  hys  Moder,  Or  as  a  Cely  Dowe,  whan  she  hath   Mother, 
espyed'  the   Sparawk,  ffleth  horn  to  hyr   Colverhows,   to  its  nest 
Evene  ^So,  blyssed'  lady,  ffrom  the  dredfuH  fface  of  {Jp^^'J^"^"" 
Trybulac^n  /  to  th6  that   art  Cofiforteresse  off   alle  l^'oo'riiack]'*^ 
Sowles  that  be  seke,  I  take  my  fflyght  /  And  therfore  I   16512 
may  eue?'e  Recorde  my  Lessou??,  and  say,  as  I  ffirst 
sayde, '  Tu  es  Refugiu??*  men??*  a  Tribulac/one '  /  In  the 
which  wordes  I  do  tweyne  thynges  /  ffirst,  I  cleyme  off 
Right  that  thow  art  verrayly  she  in  whom  I  truste  to    165 16 
ffynde  Comfort  in  alle  adversyte,  whan  I  sey  /  '  Tu  es 
Refugni??t  meu??»'  /.     Secondely,  I  am  aknowe  Expresly 
ffro  whom  that  I  ffle,  whan  I  say  /  '  A  Tribulacz'one '  / 
Than?«e,  so  as  I  verrayly  afferme  that  thow  art  only   in  xiiee  aione 

'  •'    -^  •'      I  trust  to  find 

She  in  whom  I  truste  ffully  to  ffynde  Comforte  Inne  /.    co">fo"- 

Goode,  blyssede  Lady,  off  thy  mercyable  grace,  dysdeyne    16522 

nat  to  ben  '  Refugiu?/i  meu7?i  In  Tribulac^one '  /  And 

nat  myn  only  hope,  but  my  fowrfolde  hope ;    ffor  in 

ffoure  manfi?*e  wyse  I  truste  to  ffynde  in  the  Comfort 

and  Consolacion    //  ffor  who   ys  the  verray  hope  off  Thou  art  the 

''  "'  J  r  liopeot  hearts 

hertes  that  ben  oppressed',  I  parceyve  Clerly  at  the  Eye,  opp^est. 
and  sey  'Tu'  /  fior  whan  the  wrechchyd'  werlde  shaH:  16528 
drawe  to  an  ende,  and  alle  shaH;  ffayle,  than  thow  shalt  Thou  shait 

'  ■'      '  not  fail  tliuiii. 

nat  ffayle  //  ffor  thanwe  shaH  synfuH  sowles  fflen  to  be 


444 


The  First  Cunsolcdion  of  Affiidcd  Hearts:  Mary. 


[StoweMS.    sliaJowyd'  viuler  thy  gracyous  mantel  off  mercy  :  wliy? 
■ ^ —  ffor  tliow  art  /  Refugiu??i  a  Tribulac^■one.  / 


The  Fir^t 
Conm/ation 
of  upprest 
Hearts. 

16535 

['  Stowe,  leaf 

This  is  in 
Xliee,  llarj-, 

16539 


1G543 


for  Tliou  art 
my  resting- 
place, 

1G549 

in  whom  all 
sinners  hope 
for  rest. 


1G553 

The  my  sins 
are  an  obsta- 
cle between 
me  and  Thee, 


16558 


yet  I  can  loolc 
at  Thee  thro 


16563 

the  windows 
of  Holy 
Scripture, 

[2  Stowe,  leaf 
292,  back] 


1G568 
and  see  Thy 
words. 


Here  begynnetli  the  ffirste  Consolacioii 
And  hope  off  hertes  that  ben  02)pressyd' 
With  Eny  Trybulacion.  / 
'^The  ffyrste  Consolaaon  that  I  ffynde,  0  Itlyssede 
Lady,  ys  only  in  the  /  tfor  who  ys  the  verray  hope  off 
hertes  that  ben  appressecP,  but  only  Tliow  ?  /  ffor,  so  as 
A  Pylgrym  or  a  passagour  that  kometh  ffro  ft'oreyne 
Cuntres  reioysetfi  whan  he  Eesorteth  to  his  restyiige 
place,  wher  he  hopeth  in  pees  and  quyete  to  abyden  / 
Moche  more  I,  that  am  oppressyd?  with  Afflyccion  off 
my  troubled?  soule,  and  al  besett  with  drerynesse,  whan 
I  leffte  vp  myu  hede  out  of  the  dyrke  angles  off 
wrechchydnesse,  I  howe  to  Reioysshen  and  to  be  gladde 
whan  I  Consydre,  se,  and  verray ly  beholde  that  thow 
art  the  Tiestynge  place  off  my  verray  hope,  and  the 
ffynal  terme  off  my  desolacz'on  //  For  I  perceyue  wel 
that  thow  art  the  j\Iete  and  the  j\Iarke  off  alle  labour, 
In  whom  the  sovereyn  hope  off  alle  synfuH  restyth 
Inne  //  But  wheroff  and  in  what  wyse  may  I  knowe 
thys  1  j  Haue  nat  my  syn?ies  made  an  01  )stacle  /  and 
reysed'  vjJ  a  wal  betwyxe  the  and  me]  /  ffor  soth,  yis  / 
how  may  I  tha?ine,  sythen  ther  is  so  grete  an  Obstacle 
sett  atwen,  knowen  or  verrayly  wyteu  The  secrete 
pryvetes  off  thy  benygue  grace?  /  Sothly,  I  wote  right 
Avel  that  I  may  nat  /  But  al  be  yt  so  that  ther  be  a 
Closour  and  a  wal  which  lette  me  that  I  may  nat  sen 
nor  Clerly  beholden  the  lyght  off  thy  mercyable  grace  // 
yitt  ne;ie?*theles  I,  as  a  wrechche,  fferfully  stonde  be- 
hynde  the  wallys,  and  with  a  ffuH  dredfuH  Eye  looks 
Inne  by  the  wyndowes  //  Which  ben  the  wyndowes 
that  I  looke  Inne  by  1  j  j  Trewly,  the  wyndowes  and  the 
Comfortable  ffenestrallys,  as  yt  semyth  vnto  me,  ben 
hooly  Scriptures  //  The  which  ffuH:  notably  make 
mencz'on  off  the  grete  swetnesse  ^Off  thy  mercyable 
pyte  //  ffor  by  thylke  agreable  ffenestrallys  beholdynge, 
I  se  and  Clerly  Consydre  the  soote  sugryd  wordys 
which,  by  a  specyal  In.s})yrac«on  off  the  holy  Gosi,  Thy 


Tliou,  Mary,  givcst  Ilcq)c  of  Life,  and  hast  Mercy  on  all.     445 

syluen  saydest  -with  thyn  hooly  halwyd'  mouth  //  '  In  [Stowe  ms. 

me  Om?n8  <^V(ifia  vite  &  vcritatis  ;  In  me  omHis  spes  vite  '^ 

&  virtutis.     Transite  ad  me,  Om?ies  qui  Coucupiscitis  {Ecciesiaui- 

cus  xxiv.  25- 

me,  &  a  E'dneraclonihus  meis  Inplemini.     Spiritus  e?iim  aovuig.;  is- 

'  °  ^  *■  21  Eiif,'.) 

meus,  dulcis,  &  hereditas  mea  super  mel  &  ffauu???. ; 

memoria  mea  in  generacioTie  seculovum.     qui  edurtt  me,  16575 
adhuc  Esurient ;   &  qui  bibunt  me,  adhuc  sicient '  // 
This  to  seyne,   '  In  me  is  alle  grace  off  lyff  and  off 

Trouthe :  In  me  ys  alle  hope  off  lyff  and  off  vertu  /  tiiat  in  Thee 

is  hope  of 

Kometh  and  maketh  youre  passage  vn-to  me,  ye  alle  Life, 

that  hertly  desyre  me,  and  ye  shal  ha  plente,  and  be  16580 

tfnlfylled'  off  my  generacions  //  ffor  my  spyryt  ys  soote  / 

and  myn  herytage  excedyth  in   swetnesse,  sugre  and 

hony.     The   mynde   and  the    memorye   off    me    shall  16583 

lasten  with-outen  Ende.     And  who  that  lledeth  hym  on  and  tiiat  they 

,  ,  wild  feeil  on 

my  swetnesse,  shari  hungren  ageyn  /  And  they  that  ami  drinit 

savourlv  drvnken  off  my  bou7itevous  goodnesse,  shaH  siiaii  want 

*'  ''  *'  ,  inoreofTliee. 

effte  ayeyn  sore  thruste  ther-affter '  //  ffor  Certys,  blyssed'  1 6587 

lady,  alle  ys  swetnesse,  alle  ys  Comfortable,  that  kometli 

ffro  the  ;  And,  by  thylke  opne  wyndowe  off  thy  me?*- 

cyable  grace,  I  Consydre  And  beholde  in  my  Contera- 

platyff   medytaci'on  the  grete  ■  habondauMce  off   mercy 

and  off  pyte  that  ys  in  the  //  ffor,  0  thow  blyssed  16592 

lady,  yiff  hooly  Scrypture  Recorde  and  bare  wytnesse  ture\vit-'^' 

that   thow   art   mercyable,  pytous    and    benygne,   and  T^mrait" 

thow  thy  sylff  bare  ^Recorde  her-vp-on,  And  theroff  [I'stoWe, leaf 

ffolwed'  noon  Effecte,  preff,  nor  Experience  /  Shulde 

men  ben  bolde  or  hardy  ffor  to  seyn  that  the  Scryp-  16597 

tures  wer  ffals  /  nay,  nay,  god  dyffende  //  ffor  thow, 

blvssed'  Lady,  in  effect  verrayly  hast  mercy  vp-on  alle  and  hast 

■^  i;        X  mercy  on 

that  off  hool  herte   calle  vn-to  the,  and   Castyst  fful  "H  "'i'o 

'  •'  cry  to  Thee 

benygnclly  the  stremys  off  thy  mercyable  Eyen  vp-on  ^o''  '"^'p- 

alle  tho  [that]  hope  in  the,  and  Crye  to  the  ffor  helpe, 

an[d]  comfortably  Receyuest  hem  vn-to  grace;  ffor,  as  16603 

loachym  the  Bysshop,  Recordede  //  *  Tu  es  gloria  leru- 

salem ;   Tu  leticia  Israel ;    Tu  honorificencia  pop^ili  // 

ThoAv  art  the  gladnosse  and  the  glorye  off  lerusalem ;  {JudUh  w. 

Tliow  art  the   myrthe   and   the  Reioyssynge  off    alle  16607 

Israel ;  and  thow  art  the  worshiiie  and  the  maErnyfycence  I'lio"  an  the 

'  ^  n    J    J  lionoiu- of  all 

off  alle  poplys '  /  ffor,  more  than  eny  sc?-//pturc  makytli  *■»'''• 


446 


Tltr.  First  Consolation  of  AJfiicted  Hearts :  Mary. 


[Stowe  MS. 
only.l 


16613 

When  Theo- 
pliiliis 

despaird,  and 
denied  Chiist, 


16619 


Thou  restor- 
edNt  him  to 
favour. 

16623 


[2  Stowe,  leaf 

293,  back] 
Who  ever 
trusted  Thee, 
and  lost  Ids 
desire  ? 

16628 


16632 

I  lift  up 
my  heart  to 
to  Thee, 


16637 

fur  Thou  art 
my  hojie. 


16641 


In  Thee  only 
1  find  help, 


16645 


who  art  the 
full  hope  of 
uiy  soul. 


meiiMon,  Thow  shedyst  and  powryst  Aown  the  Oylle  off 
thy  Mercy  vp-on  syranerys  /  And  off"  ff'uU  yore  agone, 
that  hath  be  thyn  vsage  and  thy  Custoom  /  Recorde  I 
take  off  Theophilus,^  which,  whan  he  M'as  ffallyn  in-to 
the  horryble  ffoule  pytt  off"  Despe?-ac?'on,  and  denyed'  thy 
biyssed'  Son/te  Ihesu  Crist,  doynge  homage  to  the,  Tliow, 
biyssed  Mayde,  Thow  benygne  Lady,  Thow  gloryous 
quene  off  pytee  and  off  mercy,  fforsoke  hym  nat  whan 
he  Eesorted'  Ageyn  vn-to  the,  but  mercyably  delyue/*- 
edest  hym  ffrom  the  bondys  off  the  ffende,  brekyng 
and  An?Rillyng  tlie  Recorde,  wretyn  with  his  owne 
hande,  Restorynge  hym  to  gro,ce  and  to  me?*cy  ageyn. 
By  swych  wyndowes  and  by  swych  ffenestraH  /  I, 
stondynge  behynde  vnder  the  waH  off  my  syn«es,  and 
looke  and  beholde  how  benygne  and  how  MercyfuH  at 
thow  Art  //  2ffor  who  yitt  euwe  callydf  vn-to  the  /  Or 
what  man  euere  putte  his  trust  or  his  fuUe  hope  hertly 
in  the,  and  was  defraudyd'  off  hys  vertuous  desyr  1  /J 
Whan  I  Reme??ibre  and  Consydre  aH  thes  thynges, 
And  so  Clerly  at  the  Eye  how  thow  helpyst  al  hem 
that  ben  oppressyd',  and  Reconcylest  ageyn  to  grace 
alle  hem  that  ben  dysespeyred'  /  And  generally  art 
socour  and  helpe  to  alle  syiiHerys,  Ther-ffor  I,  wofuH 
Wrechche  left't,  vp  and  dresse  the  Inward'  Eye  off 
myn  herte  vn-to  the  /  tibr  hooly  and  Enterly  in  the 
I  putte  myn  hope  stable  and  ft'yx,  perpetuelly  to  p^r- 
seueryn  and  abyden,  Concludyng  thus  withe  the  Pro- 
phete  /  '  Tu  es  spes  mea  &  porcio  mea  in  te?Ta 
viuenciu;»,  //  Thow,  biyssed'  lady,  art  myn  only  hope, 
my  part  and  my  porcton  in  the  londe  of  euery-lastynge 
lyff '  //  ffor,  lady,  whan  I  am  ffalle  in  any  Trybulaceon, 
walke  and  goo  Rou/tde  aboute  the  Erthe,  and  seke 
atfter  the  helpe  off  men,  an[d]  kan  nowher  noon  Ifynden 
but  Only  in  the  //  Than  may  I  wel  ben  aknowen,  and 
Confesse  me,  and^  seyu  /  '  Tu  es  porcio  mea:  Thow 
alloue.  Lady,  art  my  part  and  my  porc/on,'  ffor  thow 
Dystynctly,  alle  other  excludyd,  art,  were,  and  shalt 
ben  the  Outer  and  the  fiulle  hope  off  my  soule.  And 
ther-ffor  I  may  Covenably  applye  and  seyn  vnto  th^ 
1  See  Migue,  vol.  182,  p.  1143/1.         ^  ms.  'and  and' 


Tlic  Second  Consolation  of  Ajljlicicd  Hearts:  Mary.        447 

the  werdys  off  leremye  the  prophete,  *  Spcs  mea  tu  in  [Stowe  MS. 

die   Aflliccioiiis  /   Thow  art  niyn    Only  hope  in    the "  — 

dayes  off  niyn  afflycci'on '  //  Et  hec  'potest  Consolaczo  [ie]re«i(e 

mea,  que  est  mentis  spes  opprcsse,  percipio  ad  occm-  «"'o- 


lum^ 


16653 


-Here  begynnetli  the  Seconnde 
Consolacion  Off  Hertes  that  ben 
Oppressyd?  with  Trybulacion. 
The  seconnde  Consolac/on,  0  blyssed'  lady,  which 
that  I  ffynde  in  the  ys  this,  that  whan  I  Consydre  and 
se,  and  in  Experience  ffynde,  That  whan  alle  the  lustys 
off  this  transytorye  worlde  passe  away  and  nat  abyde, 
Thow  abydest  euere  in  Oon,  stable  and  ffyx  with-oute 
Mutabylyte,  '  Quia  es,  /  ffor  thow  art  stedfast  and 
stable,  shalt  pe;'seue?-e  witli-outen  ende '  //  And  lyk  as 
thes  Marynerys  in  the  absence  off  the  son?je,  whan  the 
dyrke  nyght  kometli  vp-on,  ha  no  comfort  off  lyght  / 
but  only  off  the  loode  sterre,  which  off  his  nature 
abydeth  ffyx  in  hys  spere,  and  neuere  draweth  ffor  to 
declyn  by  medyacion,  off  which  they  guye  and  gouerne 
ther  passage  //  Evene  so  I,  a  wofuH  wrechche,  in  the 
mycP  see  off  this  Troublyd'  worlde  flbrpossytl'  and  ffor- 
dryven  with  many  sturdy  wawes  off  adversyte  and  off 
Trybulaczon,  whan  the  lytyl  pore  vessel  off  myw  herte 
ys  0U6';*caste  and  ffordryven  with  many  ffroward'  wyndes 
off  afiliction  //  Than?ie  have  I  no  Comfort  nor  helpe 
but  only  to  lefften  vp  the  Eye  off  myn  herte  vn-to  the, 
Avhich  art  verrayly  callyd  the  Sterre  off  the  See^  /  Only 
to  dyrecten  and  to  brynge  wrechches,  oute  off  alle 
Tempestys  off  Trybulacion,  to  the  havene  and  to  the 
blysfuH  porte  off  euere-lastyng  lyff  //  And  her-vpon  I 
aparceyve  '^Therby  That  thow  art  the  sothefaste  loode- 
Sterre  off  the  see  /  ftbr  /  Stella,  a  stando  dicit?ir  /  A 
Sterre  ys  seyde  off  stondyng ;  And  therffore,  off  Sted- 
fastnesse  off  stondyng  thow  mayst  wel  be  callyd  a 
Sterre  //  ffor,  whan  alle  other  Erthely  Creatures  be 

^  Tlie  catchword  is  'Tu,'  so  a  sheet  of  teu  leaves  or  less  is 
possibly  missing,  the'  I  supi)ose  the  First  Consolatiou  cauuot 
have  run  much  further  than  it  does  here. 

^  Stella  Tnaris :  see  Migne,  vol.  182,  p.  1142/2. 


[2  Stowe,  leaf 

2UtJ 
The  Second 
Consolation 
of  troubled 
Hearts. 


16658 

When 

worldly  plea- 
sures pSMS, 
Tliou,  Mary, 
abidest. 


16663 

As  seamen 
ill  the  iii^ht 
steer  by  the 
Load-Star, 


16667 


so  I,  ainid 
the  waves  of 
adversity, 


16672 


find  lielp  only 
in  Thee,  Star 
of  tlie  Sea. 


16678 


[4  Stowe,  leaf 
294,  back] 


Thou  art  a 
Star,  for  Thy 
fixedness. 

16684 


448  The  Second  Consolation  of  Aflicted  Hearts:  Mary. 


[Stowe  MS. 
only.  ] 


Tliou  wert 
ever  stedfast, 
when  Thy 

Son's  dis- 
ciples fled, 


16690 

when  Tliou 
cnnceivedst 
Him, 


and  keptest 
Thy  vir- 
*;inity. 

16696 


16700 

If  Tlion  wort 
unstable, 


none  else 
could  deliver 
me. 


16706 


[»  stowe,  leaf 

2;)5] 
I  jiray  Thee 
brinj;  me  to 
the  haven  of 
everlasting 
Lite. 


16713 


Bid  me, 

16717 


among;  the 
troubles  of 
this  world, 
come  to 
Thee. 

16722 


veiyable  thurgh  Changynge,  tliow  Abydest  stable  and 
stedfaste  witJi-out  Mutabylyte  /  qwi-q  in  Oon  //  And 
that  shewed'  fful  wel  in  the  passiou«  off  thy  blyssed' 
Son?ie  //  ffor  whan  alle  his  discyples  ffledde  a-way, 
Thow,  as  a  ffyx  Sterre,  stoode  euere  stable  In  the 
ffyriuanieut  off  the  ffeyth  to-ffore  the  Croos.  Thy 
Stabylnesse  was  shewed  fful  wel  also  in  the  Concepcion 
off  thy  blyssed'  son^ie,  That,  nat  with-stondyng  the 
pj'oinys  and  the  beheste  off  the  Aungel,  thow  stoode 
euere  Stable,  and  nat  Chau?;gest  thyn  holy  p«?'pos  off 
thy  vyrgynyte  //  Thy  grete  stabylnesse  ys  also  ffonden 
wel  ffro  day  to  day  in  the  grete  Eeffuyt  and  Eeffuge 
that  thow  dost  to  alle  synful  men,  havyng  n^ercy  vp-on 
hem  euere  in  ther  mescheff  whan  they  lia  nede ;  and  in 
this  stant  moste  in  euery  Trybulacion  the  synguler 
Consolation  and  Comfort  that  I  have  in  my  Sowle  / 
ffor  trewly,  blyssed'  lady,  yiff  thow  were  vnstable  and 
varyant  as  other  Creatures  ben,  I  koude  vp-on  no  syde 
ffynden  Comfort  in  myn  hert  //  why  so  ?  //  ffor  than 
were  ther  noone  other  that  myght  delyue?'e  me  out  off 
the  trowble  ffloodys  off  the  see  off  thys  Mortal  lyff  / 
ffor  I  stoode  pleynly  vp-on  the  wralc,  myd  off  the 
ffelle  Rage  ffloodys  off  this  dredfuH  See,  lyk  to  ha  be 
pe?*ysshed,  nadde  ben  that  thy  Mercyable  hande  hadde 
ben  porrect  to  me- ward  //  And  therfore,  ^  0  thow 
blyssed'  lady,  I  make  my  prayer  and  myn  Inuoccacion 
vn-to  the,  to  bene  a  Mene  of  Mercy  to  brynge  me  to 
the  holsom?«e  hauene  off  euery-lastyng  lyff,  Seyyng  to 
the  thes  wordes  that  her  swen  /  Cum  beato  Petro  /  '  Si 
tu  es,  lube  me  venire  ad  te  supe>"  aquas '  /  '  Si  tu  es '  / 
that  ys  fforto  seyn,  '  ffor  thow  art,  and  neuere  shalt 
Cessyn  ffor  to  ben,  comv«ande  me  //  0  thow  blyssed? 
]\Iayde,  which  art  the  port  and  the  haveue  off  Elthe 
vnto  wrechches,  me  stondyng  vp-on  the  watrys,  that  ys 
to  seyn,  mydd'  off  Trybulacions  in  this  Avorlde,  to 
ouerekomen  hem,  and  So  to  kome  vn-to  the '  //  ffor, 
Certys,  lady,  yiff  so  be  that  thow  exclude  my  prayer 
ffro  thyn  Erys,  off  alle  wrechches  I  am  the  moste 
wrechchyd' ;  and  yiff  my  synnes  fforbarre  me,  that  I  be 
nat  herde  dcniyng,  also  that  ffur  my  grete  offencys,  I 


Tltc  2nd  and  So'd  Gonsolalions  of  a  Tronhlcd  Soul.         440 
am  nat  worthy  to  prcvsc  the  //  *  Quia  non  est  Spcciosa    Minv,  i  am 

•^  ^       •'  _.   "  .  ,  not  Worthv  t,) 

Laus  in  Ore  Peccatoris  /  In  as  mych  as  ther  ys  no   piaist-  tuoc. 
worthy  prey[s]yng  in  the  mouthe  off  a  SynfuH  man'  /    16727 
how  shall  I  euere  he  holde  or  hardy  to  telle  fforth  the 
Magnyffycence    off   thy   laiide  //   Certys,  lady,  yiff   I 
see    that   I   be   nat   benygnely   herde   oft'   the,   I   wyl 
arrettyn   the    cause    to   my  syraies,   and   to   the    grete    16731 
defautys    that  I   ha   done:    ffor   tliow,  lady,   ffixyllest   Thou  never 

•^  '  1  ^  '  ^  failest  tliose 

neuej-e,  nor  thow  wantest  nat  to  do  socour  and  helpe  to  ^J'_|'^"  toThee^ 

alle  that  deuoutly  besechyn  and  prayen  vn-to  the.     Et 

hoc  est  q?(od  promisisti  Ecclesiastico  xxiiij" :  "  Sum,  & 

vsqMe  ad  Futuru»?  sec?ilmn  non  desinaui"  /  That  is  to   1G736 

seyne  /  "  I  am,  and  in-to  the  worlde  that  is  to  komene, 

I  shaH  nat  Cesse  ffor  to  be  "  /  And  ther-ffore,  blyssed?   As  Ti.oi.  art, 

'  '        ''  and  Rlialt  l)e 

lady,  be-cause  thow  hast  ben,  and  euere  art,  and  shalt  fu"i^«"', 

•'  '  '  '  my  liope  III 

ben.  Comfort  and  Consolac^on  to  alle  wrechches  and  T^J^}}TP\  i 

SynfuH  men,  In  hope  that  thy  IMercy  and  thy  Consola-  t^o"''""i"ti""- 

cz'on  in  my  frrete  Nede  ^  ShaH:  nat  ftayllen  vn-to  me  /  ['  i?,l''T'^'  Yf 

Thys   ys   my  Secomrde   Consolac/o^iu,   which   that   I  16743 
cachche  in  the.  / 

The  Thrydde  Consolacionl  '  The  mrd 

V  Consolation 

Off  A  Troublyd'  Sowlc      /  

The  Thrydde  Comfort  and  Consolacton,  0  blyssed'   16747 
lady,  that  I    have,   ys    this,  That   I    so   that   ffolkys,   '*;•  ,*'.".",.;','j. 
oppressyd'  with  weryuesse  off  ther  owne   thoughtys,   D^"}.,'i^,[)'"'^ 
ffynden  a  Shadwyug  place  and  an  holsom»ie  Eefuge 
whan  tliey  fflen  to  the  ftbr  socour  and  helpe  //  wherfore, 
lady,  yiff  I  seye  and  beholde  thatt  the  ffoxys  off  the    16752 
Erthe  hadden  holys  to  putte  Inne  ther  heedes,  And 
bryddes  off  the  heyre,  nestys  to  breden  Inne,  and  a 
Sparwe  koude  ffynden  oi;t  an  hevese  off  an  hous  to   asthespar- 

'■  •^  row  nncls 

bredyn  Inne  /  And  a  Tortyl  a  place  to  make  hym  Inne   honse-eayes 

J  I  J  I  "^  to  breed  m, 

a  Xeste  to  ffostren  hys  bryddes  ther-Inne  //  And  that 

I  say  also  this  hygh   hylles,  ordeyned'  ffor  hertys  to    16758 

pasturen  Inne,  And  in  kavyd'  stones  ftbu?ide  an  hoole,   ."id  the 

tr  ^  J  hedfieho?  a 

an  yrchouM  to  haue  his  Reffuge  ther-Inne  ;  And  amonge   !'"ie  to  hide 
al  thys,  I   seye   the    Childcren   off   men   Dysconsolat 
and   Destytuyt  off  ther   loggyng   //   As    whrlom    thy 
blyssed'  sorane  hadde  no  place  wher  to  putte  Inne  his    16763 

PILGRIMAGE.  G  G 


450  Mary,  the  Third  Consolation  of  TrouUcd  Souls. 

lieede  //    Trewly,  lady,  and    I    seye    raankynde   tlins 

dyswarre  off  ther  lierberwe,  that  they  hadde  no  place, 

1G766    in  ther  grete  necessyte  off  Eetfuge,  to  Dyverte  to  /  yt 

[1  stowe,  leaf  were  but  lytyli  ^  Wondre  though  I  were  dyspurveyed' 
off  hope  In  my  sowle,  wher  I  shulde  eny  Consolac/on 

an.i  as  Thou,    Or  Comfort  ffynde  //  Eut,  ffor-as-myeh  as  thow  allone, 

M:irv,  art  the  111'  ,f  n  1         n    />• 

refu^'e  of  all     And  al  Only,  art  yoven  nor  a  hynguier  Icenuge  vn-to 

Wrechchys,  and  Art  made  ther  pyotectour  and  dyffence, 

16772    And,  Affter  the  grete  opp^-essiouM  off  her,  art  made  ther 

Kestynge  place,  to  abyden  Inne  in  E<piyte  /  wherby  I 

Ifynde  a  Path  and  a  weye,  to  whom,  in  al  mescheff  and 

1  shall  turn      necessvte,  I  shaH  tfien  and  dyue/-te  vn-to  // ffor  thow 

to  Thee,  ■^      '  -^  '' 

the  Noah's       jn-t^  ;^g  J  saydc  KatliB,  Thylke  Arche  olf  Noe,  vn-to  the 

which,  and  in  the  which,  in  tyme  off  grete  Deluge,  alle 

1G778   the  worlde  iHey  vnto,  and  were  savyd'  ther-Inne,  alle 

they  that  by  grace  niyght  Entren,  as  wel  thes  liude 

beestes,   as    j\Ien    that   were    Kesoj^nable  /    Eight   so, 

of  Salvation      Ijlyssed'  lady,  thow  art  de  verray  Arke  Off  ISIankyndes 

for  gooa  anil  J  J'  J  J 

''•'^i-  sa vac/on,  vnto  the  which,  Kightful  and  vnrightful  ftleu 

ulok-rrTree    ^^  ^^^  helpe  //  And  thow  art  ffygured'  also  by  thylke 

Tree  which  that  Danyel  spak  off,  vnder  which  alle 
1G785   the  beestes  off  the  Erthe  hadde  here  dwellynge  place, 

and  vp-on  whos  branchys  Restyde  alle  the  bryddes  off 
under  which     the  hcyr.     And  vender  this  Tree  was  the  pasture  and 

all  creatures  •  ^ 

'•^J-  the  ffoode  off  alle  levynge  Creatures  /  Trewly,  0  blyssed' 

lady,  me  semyth  verrayly  Thow  art  the  sylue  same 
Tree,  vnto  which  alle  Resonable  Creaturys  flflen  vnto 
1G791  ffor  to  ffynde  socour  and  helpe.  And  sothly.  Lady, 
with  supportacion  off  thy  mercy,  me  semyth  that 
amonge  so  manye  I  shulde  nat  ben  Excludyd*  //  ffor  aH- 

Andtho'i'm    be-vt-so  that  I  be  nat  liable  nor  worthy  to  be  Eeknyd' 

not  pure,  1         /-,,  ,         1  T 

amonge  the   Clene   bryddes  off'  hevene,  wliich  sytten 

1G79G    vpon  the  hyh  brauMchys  of  Contemplacion  /  yett,goode 

'■^ne'baekT'   ^^y^^^*^^'  ^^'^^y  /  ^Dysdeyne  nat,  thouh  I  be  Rude  And 

but  bestial,      Bcstyall  tliurgh  Sy/me,  that  I  may  Sytten  lowe  vp-on 

1  may  mend 

by  Thy  grace,   the  Ertlic,  by  mekcuesse  and  huniylyte  to  amende  me 

vnder  the  agreable  Bowes  and  lirau/^chys  off  thy  Cus- 

1G801    to//nnable   grace,   ther  to  l)e    shadwyd  and  shrowilyd 

\vith   thy  mercy  //   And   sythyn   that   eu^'ry  Cveabire 

tfyiit  ffoode  and  spyvytual  lu'Ul'cc/oii  in  tlie  //  Lady, 


Mary,  the  Third  Consolation  of  Troubled  So7ds.  451 

yiff  yt  be  nat  lefful  to  me,  ffor  my  grete  .sy?mes,  ttbr  to  Tho- 1  muy 

not  eiit  of 

Tasteu  and  to  Etyii  off  thyii  hooly  pJentevous  ti'ruyt,   Thytruit, 

yett  suffre,  blyssecl?  lady,  that  at  the  leste  that  I  may   16806 

Saltern  ibi  ffenu?«  vt  bos  Comedara.  /  Haue  my  pasture 

ther  witli  Eude  Oxys,  and  walkyn   as   a  man  delect 

with  Nabugodonoser  /  Ther,  amonge  thys  wylde  beestys, 

to  han  mv  habitac/on,  to  take  ther  party  off  the  Eemys-  let  me  share 

saylles  left'te   off'   hem  that  be  gostly  and   Spyrytual   ofti.espi- 

Repast,  to  my  Sowle  helpe  //  ffor  trewly,  lady,  and 

thow  lyst  pacyently  to    suffre  me   thus,  why   sliulde    16813 

nat  my  Sowle  be  Comfortyd  1   why  shulde  I  thanv^e 

be  dysespeyred'  off'  thy  grace  //  why  shulde  my  wofuH 

Eyen  be    dyrked  with    longe   abydynge  in  the    salte 

Terys  off'  bytternesse  //   ffor   Certys,  thouh  the  mul-   Tho' my  sins 

•^  ''  ''  •'     '  are  mole  1  hail 

tytude  off  my  Sy?mes  passe  in  no2imbre   the    Sotyl  ti'e  sea-sami, 
sniale  Sandys  and  graveft  off  the  See,  And  though   16819 
I  were  nat  worthy,  ff'or  my  wykkydnessys,  to  lyft'ten 
vp  myn  Eyen  towarde  the  bryghte  hevene,  yett,  nat- 
with-standyng  alle  this  //  '  Te  tamon,  a  ffacie  ffuroris 
Domini,  Refugiu??i  ha^eo  //  I  have  the,  my  Synguler  yet  Thou, 
Refuge,  ffor  the  fface  of  the  woodnesse  off  my  Lorde  myitetuye. 
God'  //  &  yiff  that  oure  fferme  ffader  ^Adam,  affter   Ci^s'^ve,  leaf 
hys  grete  Offence,  hadde  had  swych  a  shadewyng  place   16826 
to  have  tournyd'  vn-to,  ffor  to  haue  hydde  hys  nakyd- 
nesse,  I  suppose  the  lorde  hadde  nat  seyde  vn-to  hym  / 
'  Adam,  vbi  Es  1  Adam,  wher  Artow  1 '  //  But  the  goode 
lorde,  seyng  so  mych  peple  perysshe  ffor  the  Syn«e  off"   16830 
the    seyde  Adam,  ordeygned'  the   to  ben   a   Synguler    riiou  save-t 
Mene  ffor  man??.ys  saluac/on,  off  Entent,  that  who-so-  Adam's  traus- 

''  gression. 

eu6'/-e   ffledde   vn-to  the   ffor   helpe   and   ffor  Reffuge, 

shulde  nat  perysshen,  But  Restyn  vnder  the  Shad  we 

off'  thy  Tprotecciou,  to  be  Conservyd'  ffro  dampnacion    16835 

vnder  the  large  off  thy  Charyte  //  Seyynge  vnto  the,   we  pray  to 

thylke  wordys  that  be  wretyn  In  ysaye  /  the  prophcte, 

xvj"  Capitulo :  "  Absconde  fugientes,  &  vagos  ne  prodas ; 

habitabia»t  apud  te  profugi  mei,  &  cetera  /  Esto  Lati- 

bulu?M  eoYum  a  Facie  vastatoris  "  //  This  to  seyne,  "0    16840 

thow  blyssed'  Lady,  hyde  hem  that  fflen  vnto  the  ffor  to  hide  us 

helpe,  and  they  that  be  vagabonde,  dys[c]oure  hem  nat,   Tiiee  for  iieip. 

ffor  synfull  ffolkys  that  be  ffugytyff  shalle  ffleen  vn-to 


452 


Mary,  the  Fourth   Consolation  of  TrovMed  ^ouls. 


16844   the  ffor  socour  and  helpe;  and  he  thow  her  dyffenco 
and  her  protecct'on  to-ffore  the  iface  off  the  Enmy  "  // 


Third  Coiiso 
latioii 


Tkc  Fourth 
Conaolation. 


16851 

[1  stowo,  leaf 
297,  back] 


As  I  trust 
and  hope  in 
Tliee,  Mary, 

16856 

I  claim  an 
ancestral 
riglit  of  re- 
luge  in  Thee. 


16861 


sinners  were 
the  cause  of 
Tliy  heing 
the  Mother 
of  God ; 

1G86G 

they  made 

Thee 

huni.arcl. 


10871 


Thou  art 
liound  to  us 
sinners, 
and  we  to 
Tliee. 

16878 

[2  Stowc,  leaf 
298J 


And  whan  I  ha  this  in  my  Eemembrau?ice,  yt  ys  the 
Thrydde  Consolacz'on, 
In  euery  Trybulacion. 


My  hope  in 

Mar}',  is  my     Thvyddc  Consolacz'on,  which  that  I  ffynde  Only  in  th6, 


Here  begynneth  the 

ffourthe  Oonsolac^on. 
Certys,  Lady,  and  yt  were  so  that  thow  dyst  Comfort 
to  alle  other  Syn?zerys  save  only  to  me,  I  hadde  ^Grcte 
mate?*e  to  Compleyne,  and  to  make  grete  Sorwe  And 
Lamentacz'on  //  But,  ffor-as-mych  as  I  liaue  a  Syngulcr 
Trust  and  a  Specyal  hope  in  tlie,  to-fforne  alle  other, 
Therffore  I  wyl  Eeioyssh  in  myn  herte,  and  Cleyme  off 
Eyght  the,  in  Especyal,  to  be  my  Reffuge  /  And  thys  I 
Cleyme  off  herytage  by  lyneal  Dyscent  off  Siiccessiou??, 
be  Tytle  off  myn  Awncetrys,  other  Syvmerys  that  ha 
be  to-fforne.  and  Sythen  thow  dydest  mercy  vn-to 
hem  /  I,  that  am  a  Syn?ier,  Cleyme  off  Right  that  thow 
Shalt  done  Mercy  vn-to  me  //  ffor  Certys,  by  olde 
tyme,  lady,  Syn?zerys  that  wern^;  to-ffbrne,  weryn  Occa- 
siomi  That  thow  were  Chosyn  to  ben  tlie  Moder  off 
god,  and  queue  of  hevene,  and  lady  also  off  al  the 
world'.  And  certys,  lady,  with  Supportacion  off  yo?i?" 
grace  /  hadde  nat  Sy?inerys  ben,  thow  haddest  neue?'e 
be  Reysed'  to  so  high  a  degre  off  worshippe  ;  And  ther. 
ffore  The  holy  Doctour  Seynt  Awstyn  Seyth  vn-to  the 
In  a  Meditace'on  //  '  0  Maria,  m2iltum  Audeo,  m?iltum 
gaudeo  /  j\rultu?/z-q?te  gaudiu?«,  multam-q?ie  michi  ffacis 
audaciam.'  '  0  blyssed'  ]\Iarye,  I  am  gretly  hardy  and 
bolde,  and  gretly  I  Reioysshe,  and  thow  yevest  me 
grcte  hardynesse  ffor  to  speken'  //  ffor  I  speke,  and  as  I 
speke,  right  so  yt  ys  /  ffor  we  to  the,  and  thow  to  vs  / 
A  nyh  Confederacye  hath  loyned  vs  to-gedre  /  That 
thow  ffor  vs  haste  thylke  beynge  that  tliow  art.  And 
treAvdy  in  the  same  wyse,  by  the  Only,  we  haue  the 
beyng  that  we  ariD  //  ffor  yiff  that  -Oure  Trospacc 
and  oure  TransgrcssiouM  liaddc  nat  be  to-fforne  /  Ther 
liadde  nat  llbhvcd'  ther-vpon  oure  Redempcion  //  And 
yilf  yt  hadde  nat  be  necessarye,  ^'s  to  haue  be  bought. 


Mary,  the  Fourth  Consolation  of  Trouhlal  t^oida. 


453 


yt  hadtle  iiat  l^c  necessaryc  tlio  to  liauc  Chylded'  ourc 
savyour  and  Iiedc?»ptour,  '  Vt  quid  euim  nesciiim  pec- 
cata  ])ro  peccatorib?^s  pareres,  si  deesset  qui  peccasset  / 
Vt  quid  ffieris,  mater  Saluatoris,  si  nxdla  esset  Indi- 
gencia  salutis'  /  '0  blyssed  lady,  why  or  wher-ffore 
sliuldestow  haue  Chyldedf  and  hrouglit  ffortli  hym  ffor 
Rcniedye  Oil  Sy^merys,  whicli  neue;'e  knewe  what 
syn7«e  was,  yiff  ther  neue?*e  hadde  be  noOii  that  hadd' 
syn??ed'  to-fforne  //  Or  to  what  ffyn  sholdestow  han 
ben  Moder  off  the  Savyour,  yiff  ther  liadde  be  iiuOu 
ludygence  off  savacion  ? '  And  thes  wordys  off  Seyut 
Awstyn,  lady,  I  may  Eight  weH  seyn  vn-to  the  //  ilbr 
sytlien  Sy?aiorys  were  Cause  and  Occasyou/i  oft'  thyn 
honour  and  off  thy  Magnyffycence,  by  cause  oidy  off 
ther  grete  sy?ines,  yt  semyth  vn-to  me,  sythen  that  I 
am  a  Successour  off  hem,  Contynuynge  ffro  day  to  day 
in  Sy7me,  That  I,  amonge  alle  other  Sy?inerya,  may 
liightlFuUy  Cleymen  to  fflen  to  the  ffor  helpe  and  ffor 
KciFuyt  //  And  tliat  thow,  in  Eecompensac/on  off  the 
grete  benefetys  which  thow  hast  Recey  ved'  ffor  Sy?tnerys, 
wylt  nat  to  me,  that  am  a  Synner,  denye  the  Entre  / 
Sythyn  thow,  lady,  off  verray  liight  art  bo?^nden  to  be 
Reffuge  vnto  Sy/merys  /  *  Sef?,  quomodo  obligata  //  But 
how,  lady,  artow  bo?(nden  1 '  Artow  nat  more  bo/aiden 
off  Equyte  to  RighfuH  men  than  to  Sy?jnerys  //  ffor- 
soth  thow  art  bou»de  to  bothe ;  ^  Ifor  to  Rightf uH  Men 
thow  art  bou/iden  by  Love,  And  to  SynfuH  Men  thow 
art  bou?ide  by  thyn  Offyce  //  ffor  a  leche  hath  in  hous- 
holde  with  hym,  hem  that  he  loveth  /  and  he  hath 
besyde  also,  wou7idyd  and  seke  men,  whom  that  he 
Recureth  and  maketh  hool  /  ffor  wher-to  shulde  Oon 
here  the  name  oft'  a  leche,  but  yiff  he  wolde  helyn  men 
off  ther  maladyes  //  Or  wherto  shuldestow  be  callyd' 
the  Moder  off  Mercy  /  Or  Avher-to  shuldestow  ha  be 
Chosen  to  be  the  Moder  Off  god,  yiff  tliow  aH-only 
shuldest  loven  goode  Men  and  RightftuH,  And  with 
alle  this  shuldest  nat  done  nor  shewyn  no  mercy  vnto 
Syn?jerys  /  Trewly  thow  art  holden  to  loven  and  to 
Chcrysshen  hem  that  be  RightfuH,  And  to  haue  mercy 
.on  hem  that  be  8ynft\iH  //  And  that  shewyth  fful  wfH 


We  sinners 
made  ueedl'ul 
Tliy  bearing 
of  Chiist. 


1688G 


1GS93 


As  we  are  tlie 
cause  of  Tliy 
greatness, 


1GS98 

I  ami  all 

may  riu'litly 
claim  TheJ, 
Mary,  as  our 
retuge. 


1G904 


Thou  art 
bouiul  to 
tlie  uiiri),'lit- 
eous  as  well 
as  the 
righteous. 
[1  Stowe,  leaf 
■298,  back] 

16910 


The  Phy- 
sician heals 
sick  folk. 

1G915 


16919 

Thou  iirt 
first  to  have 


451 


Mary,  he  our  Rrfngc  in  Tribulation ! 


16923 

Tliy  aeore- 
tary,  St. 
Heniard.siiid 
Tlioii  Wiist 
(li'litor  to  sin- 
ners as  well  lis 
righteous : 

16928 


16933 


['  Stowe,  leaf 

29'J] 
to  give  sin- 
ners forgive- 
ness ; 
and  the 
righteous, 
grace. 

16940 


Therefore, 
Mary,  bless 
tlieni  who 
made  Thee 
blessed. 


l\y  thylke  Memoryal  wrytyng  off  thy  Secretys,  Avliicll 
thyn  owne  Secretarye,  Seynt  Bernard'  wroot,  Seyyiig  in 
tlies  wovdes  //  '  8apientib?w  &  Insipientib?<-s',  iustis  & 
peccatorib«,s",  Debitricem  te  Ifecisti :  Oiii?nb'«.s  Oumia 
ffac^a  Est  //  To  wyse  men  and  to  ffoolys,  To  liiglltl'uH: 
men  And  to  8y/nierys  /  thow  hast  made  tliy  syhien 
doctour  /  ffor  thow  art  made  alle  vn-to  alle,'  by  the 
plentevous  habondauwce  off  thy  Chary  te.  And  thow 
ha.st  opned'  the  Bosom  off  thy  Mercy  so  largely,  that 
alle  may  taken  off  the  plentevousnes.se  ther-off  //  He 
that  ys  in  Captyvyte,  Redempc/on ;  the  Syke  Man, 
Elthe ;  And  he  that  ys  hevy,  Consolacz'on ;  And  the 
8yn?«erre,  fforyiffnesse  and  Remys.syon« ;  ^And  the 
KightfuH  Man,  grace  and  pe/-fecczon  /  'Vt  non  sit  qui 
se  abscondat  a.  Galore  eius'  //  So  that  noon  off  no  degre 
may  shrowden  hym,  but  that  the  Sonwe  of  thy  Charyte 
.slial  shyne  vp-on  hym  ;  And  syth  thow  art  be-kome 
dettour  to  liightfuH  men  and  to  Synful  men  also  // 
Alle  SynfuH  men  may  lustly  alleggyn  this  vers  vnto 
the,  and  seyn  : 

ffestina  miseris  /  jNIisereri  virgo  beata  ; 

Nam  te  si  Eecolis,  niiseri  ffucere  beatam  ; 

Ergo,  heahi,  miseros  quor«/«  te  Causa  beauit. 


As  sinners 
causd  Thee  to 
be  blessed. 


be  our  Refuge 
ill  tribula- 
tion ! 


Queen  of 
Heaven, 

J-oadstar  i 
the  Sea, 


[Marj/,  be  our  Refuge  in  Tribulation  !        16946 

4  verses  of  ?>  lines  each,  abab,  bcbc] 

(1) 
0  blyssed'  mayde  /  fflour  off  alle  goodnesse. 

On  alle  Synf uH  /  ha  Mercy  and  pyte ; 
Thynke  how  Syn«erys  /  in  verray  sotRefastnesse 

were  Cause  ffirst  /  (who  so  [that]  lyst  se,)      16950 
That  ffolkys  shulde  /  blyssyd  /  callyn  the, 

Only  ordeyned'  /  ffor  ther  Savac'ion  ; 
Now,  goode  lady  /  off  thy  benygnyte 

Be  oure  Refuge  /  In  Trybulac'ion  /  16954 

(2) 
H  Qucnc  off  hevene  /  off  Ik'Hc  ck  Emperesse, 

Loodci  Sterre  /  ycalled'  off  the  See 
To  Marynerys  /  that  Erryn  in  dyrknesse, 

Tliow  art  ther  Comforte  /  in  Alle  aduer.syte.  16958 


Mary,  he  our  Ilifurje  in    Trihulation  ! 


455 


Iiliiis  us  to 
the  Haven  of 
Felifily  1 


1G9C)2 


Tliy  lygllfc,  ffro  Tonipest  innketri  Ix'iii  i^o  ffre, 

And  vp  turyve  /  tliurgtl  tliy  protc.cciun, 
At  the  liavene  /  off  ulle  ffelycyte, 

And  ffor  tcscape  /  Eche  Tiybulacton. 

(3) 
^  O  holy  Sterrii  //  ffyx  in  stabylnesse,  [stowe,  ir.  -I'.n,  iik.j    Holy  star, 

With-oute  Eclypsyng  /  Or  j\rutaby]ytc, 
YJyche'  Clerii  /  sliynj'-ng  in  liiyghtncsse, 

In  whom  the  Son??.e  /  sent  ffro  the  deyete, 
lyste  ffor  to  take  /  Oure  humanyte, 

Off  Mankyiide  /  to  make  Redempc^on, 
That  thow  shuldest  /  0  mayde,  0  Moder  ffre, 

Be  Oure  Reft'uge  /  In  Trybulac'ton  ! 
(4)     Lenvoye. 
%.  Pryncesse,  excellyng  off  mygRt  and  worthy ncsse 

AUe  Creaturys  /  as  in  dygnyte  / 
]\Iyn  hertys  body  /  my  worldly  Cheff  goddesse, 

Pray  thy  Son?<e  /  ta^  mercy  vp-on  me.  /    [•  toiiave] 


169G6 


10970 


in  whom 
(ioil's  Son 
took  liu- 
manity, 


be  onr  Refuse 
in  tribula- 
tion ! 


Sytli  in  alle  mescheff  /  to  thy  grace  I  ffle 
Keffute  to  ffynde  /  And  Consolacion. 

And  syth  my  trust  /  ys  Only  Sette  in  the, 
Be  my  Reffuge  /  in  Trybulac'ion.  / 
Explicit. 


1G975 


16978 


Pray  thy  Son 
to  have nieiiy 
on  me ! 


^And  sothly,  lady,  I  am  Right  wel  a-knowe  that  I 
was  constreyned'  off  verray  nede  And  necessyte,  to  fflen 
to  tlie  ffor  Socour  and  helpe,  and  Chacyd  off  Trybula- 
cion  to  kome  to  the  ffor  Comfort  and  Consolacton  / 
IT  And  trewly,  yitf  I  seyde  the  Contrarye,  I  shulde 
ffoule  ffayllen  off  the  Sotll.  ^  Now,  trewly,  I  am 
mycli  holden  vn-to  Trybulacion,  And  owe  Right  wel  to 
Callyn  hyrc  a  Maystresse  off  myn,  that  taught  me,  and 
was  so  goode  a  guyde  to  aryven  vp  at  so  holsom  a  Port, 
and  at  so  notalile  an  havene,  to  ffynde  Reffuyt  and 
Refuge,  IT  0  blyssed  lady,  in  the  /  ffor  tyl  I  hadde 
gone  to  Scole  with  Tiybulac?'<>n,  I  savoured'  ffid  lytil  in 
the  soote  mylk  of  grace  which  dystylleth  down  ff'ro  thy 
me/'cyable  brestys  to  8yn?jerys,  to  ffostren  Item  in  ther 
gretc  nede,  specyally  wlian  they  tfalle  in  Tl■y]Julac^un. 
And  trewly  I  may  say,  Ubr  my  party,  that  Trybulacion 


My  trust  is 
only  in  Thee. 


[2  Stowe,  leaf 

3(K)] 
Mary,  I  am 
driven  to 
Thee  by 
trihulaiion. 


16982 


and  an\  much 
beholden  to 
her 


16987 

for  sending 
nie  to  sncli  a 
Refuge. 

Till  she 
selioold  me, 
I  tasted  little 
of  the  milk  of 
thy  breasts. 

16993 


45G 


The  Fourth  Consolation  of  afflicted  Sonls. 


16996 


I?lesse(l  are 
tli«  beatings 
lliat  drive  a 
child  IVom 
his  eiTOVB ! 


17002 


[1  Stowe,  leaf 

300,  back] 
Cinist  or- 
daind  tribula- 
tion 

17008 

to  make  us 
obey  our 
Master. 


And  Tribula- 
tion lias  sent 
me  to  find 
refu£;c,  Mary, 
in  Thee. 

17015 


I  pray  Thee 

17021 


17026 


to  rescue  me 
in  this  storm, 
and  be  my 
refuge. 

17031 

\}  stowe,  leaf 
301] 


was  a  necessarye  Maystres.se  vn-to  me,  lych  vnto  a  pro- 
celle  whicB  dryvcth  aii  sodcynly  a  Shyppe  vn-to  goode 
aryvaylle.  IT  And  necessarye  ys  also  thylke  sharpe 
prykke,  that  bryngetli  hym  that  Erreth  in  his  passage, 
ageyn  to  the  Right  wey.  IF  And  wel-fuH  and  blyssed' 
be  tho  betynges  and  Skowrynges,  that  Compellyn  a 
Chylde  to  declyne  ffrom  his  trespacys  and  liis  Errours. 
And  ther-ffore,  blyssecH  lady,  rather  than  I  shulde  be 
Rekkeles  to  Resorte  vnto  the,  lat  me  Rather,  vnder  thy 
proteccfon,  ffele  sonujie  party  Oi¥  Trybulac/on.  H  And, 
benygne  lady,  I  belene  Werrayly,  that,  by  the  ordyn- 
a?mce  off  thy  blyssed'  Son7ie,  "Was  suffryd'  and  ordeyned' 
as  a  yerde  in  a  Maystres  hande  to  Restreyne  neclygent 
Children  ffrom  her  Wau?«tonesse  and  ther  trwandyse, 
and  to  compellyn  hem  mekely  to  obeye  the  doctryne 
and  dyscyplyne  off  ther  Mayster.  H  And  thus,  lady,  I 
that  am  Slowh,  Neclygent,  and  ffroward'  in  alle  vertu- 
ous  werkys.  My  jNIaystresse  Trybulac/on,  with  hyre 
yerde  off  Dyscyplyne  and  of  Castygacion,  She  hath 
taught  me  to  ko;»,me  to  the  in  my  grete  nede,  if  or  to 
ifynde  in  thy  grete  ]\Iercy,  Refuge  and  Consolacz'on. 
H  So  that  thow  mayst  covenably  seyn  to  me  the 
wordys  wretyn  in  the  Sawter  book  /  "  In  Tribulac/one 
inuocasti  me  /  In  Trybulacion  euere  thow  callyst  vn-to 
me."  U  And  Sothely,  lady,  I  conffesse  me,  and  am  wel 
aknowe,  that  yt  ys  So ;  Besechyng  If  ul  mekely  vn-to 
the,  with  alle  myn  hoole  herte,  only  off  mercy  and  oli" 
pytye,  that  thow  lyst  to  seyn  vnto  me,  and  gracyously 
to  Acomplysshe  and  ffulfyllen  in  me,  thy  pore  servau?it, 
the  Resydue  in  effect,  that  ffbhveth  in  the  same  vers  / 
"  liberaui  te  &  cxaudiui  te  in  Abscondito  tempestatis  / 
I  ha  delyuered?  the,  and  I  have  herde  the  in  the  dyrke 
trouble  off  the  Tempest  that  Assaylled'  the."  H  Now, 
goode  blyssed'  lady,  do  now  so  to  thy  pore  seruau/jt, 
and  Releve  hym,  off  thy  mercy,  in  the  Tempest  oft'  this 
grete  nede,  and  graunte  hym  off  Sy?mes  Remyssiou?^, 
to  be  vn-to  hym  Refuyt  and  Rcffuge  in  eu^/-y  Trybu- 
lact'on  /  Prestaute  Vnigenito  -Tuo,  qui  est  benedictus  in 
secula  seculorww.     Amen. 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an,  Jllurnifialion.] 


Tribulation  has  driven  me  to  take  Refwje  in  God. 


Vol 


H  And  Avliyle  I  made  my  prayerc, 

The  Owgly  SmytR  /  as  ye  shall  here  /  1703G 

y-callyd*  /  Trybulaczown, 

^Vlian  She  herde  /  myn  Orysou?j, 

And  Saugh  /  by  nOOfi  Occasyou?* 

I  wolde  nat  leue  /  my  Bordou/i  /  17010 

Nov  my  Skryppe  /  ffor  no  manace  ; 

And  sawh  how  /  In  the  saniii  place 

I  haddc  Chose  /  to  myn  Entent  / 

KelFuge  /  that  was  SufFycyent,  17044 

In  alle  Trouble  and  dysose, 

Myn  hertly  Sorwys  /  to  apese, 

And  stynte  /  alle  myn  Aduersyte, 

Anoon  she  seyde  /  thus  to  me :  17048 

Trybulac/on.  / 
H  '  I  am,'  quod  she  /  Myk  off  manere 
To  tliylke  wynde  /  (as  thow  shalt  here,) 
Tliat  with  his  blast  /  maketh  fful  olFtc 
The  levys  Eyse  /  and  fflen  aloffte 
Toward  the  Skyes  /  hyll  in  the  lieyr.  / 
Tlius  haue  I  /  causyd'  thy  Ecpeyr  / 
Thurgh  my  Trowble  /  pryked'  tha, 
Vn-to  Eeffuge  /  ffor  to  ffle.  / 

*  Caste  thy  look  /  toward'  the  heveue  /  [stowe,  leat  ;jui,  bu.] 
ffer  abowe  /  the  Sterrys  Sevenc  / 
In  thy  Contemplacion  / 

That  wer  but  /  as  a  leff  her  dowi,  170G0 

ffor-welkyd'  /  and  caste  a-way, 

Wych  by  the  ground  ful  lowe  lay,     [Cotton  mS.  begins  afjain.] 

But,  thorgh  my  co»imyssioure, 
I  ha  tournd  the  vp-se^-douw, 
And  many  a-nother  ek  also, 
With  my  trouble  and  with  my  wo ; 
And  with  my  toongiis  I  hem  chace, 
Ageyn  the  lord  wha?i  they  trespacc, 
That  I  cause  hem  for  to  ffle 
To  god,  on  hem  to  hau  pyte. 

'  And  so??ime  I  have  ek  causyd  off  te 
To  fflen  vn-to  the  sterre  aloffte,  17072 

To  whom  thow  fleddyst  with  grot  laliour, 


T/ie  Piliirim. 

Wliuii  tlie 
iii,'ly  KUiidi, 
Tribuhitiiiii, 


saw  that  I 
wouldn't  K'^'o 
lip  iMv  scrip 
anil  s'lall, 


17052 


17056 


[•so  St.]  17064 


17068 


sliu  saiil 
Tribulation. 


she  had 
driven  me  to 
take  ruluge, 


[leaf  2  fij 


and  hadliniid 
nie  upside 
down  with 


and  made  me 
tlee  to  God. 
Otliers  she 
liail  sent  lo 
Mary, 


458     Tribulation  drives  the  Strayers  hack  to  the  riyht  way. 


Ti-iliiitnition. 

to  be  com- 
foiled  by 
Her. 


If  I  ever 
leave  Her, 
Ti-ibulatidii 
will  harass 
ine, 


as  she  has 
already  dune 
to  many. 


and  driven 
tbein  back 
to  Mary. 


Tribniation 
can  chastise 
the  tUssolute 


and  those 
jiredestind 
to  salvation. 


[leaf  242,  bk.] 


Tribu'ation 
bids  me 
adieu, 


and  warns  me 
to  be  stable. 


'  If  or  to  have  oil'  hyrc,  socoiir, 

Confort  and  cousolaciou?*, 

Ageyn  al  tribulaciou?/ ;  17076 

Wher-in  i\\o\x  erryst  neiuvadel, 

But  wrouhtest  prudently  and'  wel. 

'Kep  the  wel  in  hyr  presence, 
ffor,  by  verray  expcryence,  17080 

As  sone  as  tliow  art  from  hyr  go, 
I  shal  nat  longe  be  tlie  fro, 
By  vertu  off  my  co/»iuyssiiou?i, 

ffor  to  don  execuciouw,  17084 

As  I  ha  don  to  many  on ; 
Wit/t  my  toonges  made  he??^  gon. 
That  wer  out  off  the  weyii  ferre,  [stowe,  leaf  302] 

Kesorte  ageyn  vn-to  that  sterre,  17088 

Ther  to  haue  protecciou?« 
In  euery  trybulaciouw. 

'  And  thus  I  kan,  in  many  wyse, 
y^iilt  my  yerdii  wel  chastyse  17092 

Swycli  folkys  as  be  dyssolut, 
And  chace  at  hem  in  my  pursut, 
Xamly,  folk  predestynaat, 

And  swych  as  l)e  preordynaat  17096 

To  kome  vn-to  savaciou?^, 
That  kan  in  trybulac^0U7^ 
Suffren,  and  have  pacyence. 

'  And  yiif  that  thow,  for  thyn  offence,  [c.&st.]  17100 
Hast  her-to-forn  haad  nede  off  me,  ,, 

And,  in  partye,  I  ha  to  the  ,, 

Parcel  dechiryd  off  my??,  offys,  ,, 

As  thow  mayst  fele  (yiff  thow  be  wys)  17101 

"VVit/i-oute/i  any  gret  owtrage 
Don  to  the,  or  gret  damage, 
"W^t/?-outen  many  wordy s  mo, 

A  dieu  !  farwel !  for  I  wyl  go.  17108 

And  be  war,  in  thy  passage, 
Tliat  thow  do  wel  tliy  pylgrymage. 
And  in  thy  way  be  iust  and  stable, 
Lycli  a  pylgrym  good  and  liable.'  17112 

The  Pylgrym  :  ^  ['  ^t.,  om.  c.j 


TJiiiiMng  on  my  imstahlenrss,  I  come  to  a  wood,  &  sec  a  Ilitg.  459 


17124 


17128 


17132 


And  as  I  stood  allone,  al  aool,        [stowe, leaf 302, tuuk] 

(Ian  co/«p]eyne,  and  niaki;  dool, 

Havyng  no  thyng  vp-on  to  reste, 

Saae  (as  me  semptii  for  the  heste)  17116 

I  lenede  me  on  my  l)ordou?i ; 

ffor  thogh  that  Trybulacioim 

Wer  departyd  in  certeyn, 

She  sayde  she  Avoldii  kome  ageyn.  17120 

But  I  (wherso  I  wooke  or  slepte,) 
W/t/i  my  refuge,  ay  I  me  kepte/      ['  sicpe . .  kepe  St.] 
To  have,  by  hyre,  protecc'iown 
Ageyn  ech  t^ybulac^o«n, 
But  for  that  I,  by  gret  owtrage. 
Was  off  my  port,  wylde  and  savage, 
Dyuers  off  my  condyc'iouw. 

And  al  day  turnynge  vp  and  Ciomt, 
fful  off  chauwg  and  doubyhiesse, 
Ilavyng  in  me  no  stabylnesse. 

And  whyl  I  wente  thus  musynge, 
Wtt^-Inne  my  sylff  ymagynynge, 
I  ffyl  a-noon,  in  my  passage, 
In-to  a  woode  ful  savage  ; 
Me  thouhte  the  weye  pe?-yllous, 
And  by  to  passe,  Encombrous  ; 
I  knew  nat  what  was  best  to  done, 
ffor,  in  a  woode,  a  man  may  soone 
Lese  his  weye,  and  gon  amys, 
Or  he  be  war ;  and  thus  yt  ys, 
As  pylgrymes  knowe  wel  echon, 
That  on  pylgrymage  gon  : 

Passage  they  fynde,  narwh  and  streyth  ;    rstowe,  leafsos] 
Brygau?ttys  lyn^  ek  in  a-wayt,  [Myenst.]        171-44 

And  wylde  bestys  many  on, 
Tassaylle  pylgrymes,  wher  they  gon  : 
ffolk  expert,  the  trouthij  knowe. 

And  in  a  valey  that  stood  lowe,  17 148 

I  sawh  on  stonden  in  my  way. 
Old  and  owgly,  off  array 
Dysguysed  wonder  quey/itiily, 
Off  port  and  chere  ryht  vugoodly,  17152 


I  rest  (III  my 
statV, 


tliiiik  of  my 
cliangoable- 


I  como  to  a 
wnoil. 
wild  and 
daiiKeious. 


[C.  iSt.]       1713G        [leal  21:!] 


17140 


I  see  nil  old 
)iag  sliiiMlins. 
ill  a  valley. 


4 GO  /  sec  an  ugly  animal,  Avarice,  In'ohcn-hackt  &  six-handed. 

The  I'iitn-im.   Scmyiig  to  Tiic  (yt  ys  no  fayllo) 
Thiit  she  woldii  me  assayllo  ; 
Yt  seniptii  so,  as  by  hyr  cher ; 

Never  read        And  al  my  lyft',  fcT  01'^  licr,  ['iiorSt.j    17156 

beast  so  Radde  I  neuer,  in  book  nor  "cstc, 

iiiai-veUoU3,  '  °  ' 

Off  SO  merveyllous  a  bestc  ; 
ill  Daniel,  .      Xat  in  tliG  Book  off  Danyel, 

or  Kzekiel,  •'      ' 

'"■  ""e  Nouther  in  Ezechyel,  1 7 1  GO 

Apociilypse.  *' 

Nor  in  Thapocalyps  off  lohan, 
Swych  a  bestii  fond  I  noon, 

I  was  abaysshed  a-noon  ryht, 
Whan  fyrst  off  byre  I  baddo  a  syht ;  171G-1 

In  liyre  I  fond  so  many  a  lak  : 
Hei  iiack  is      ffyrst,  sho  baddc  a  brookii  bak, 

liriilveii. 

Corbyd  and  haltyng,  botbii  two ; 

Off  rowh  frcsc,  she  badde  also  171G8 

A  garnement  shape  lyk  a  sak, 

^Yych  she  werede  vp-on-  liyr  bak  :     [^wciyac  on  st.j 

Gret  nou?>zbre  ther-on  I  tolde, 
[leaf  213,  bk.]   Off  cloutys  and  off  pachchys  oldc.  17172 

Kimiidiier  Aboute  hyi"  necke,  I  sawh  ek  wel,   [stowe,  leaf  .w:!,  buck] 

neck  ii  a  big      mi  i  i  i     i 

bag.  ihat  ther  heng  a  gret  sacliel ;  [c.  &  St.] 

She  shop  hyr  no-thyng  for  the  llyht ; 

ffor,  that  poket  (to  my  syht,)  17 176 

She  felde  yt  ful  (in  especyal) 

Off  Coper,  yren,  and  off  metal. 
And  as  yt  sempte  to  me  also, 
Hev  tongue      Hyr  ownc  tongc  halp  Avel  ther-to,  17180 

Wych  heng  out  at  hyr  mouth  fuF  long.      [MhUw.  st.] 
And  aboute  hyr  necke  strong, 

Thys  lady,  Wit/i  hyr  cor])yd  bak, 

Was  y-moselyd  wiili.  that  sak,  17184 

Sowyd  sore,  that  nyht  nor  day 

Yt  myghte  nat  wel  falle  A-way. 
sbc  lias  r.  In  non»ibre  she  haddc  (I  gan  beholdc  -i)  [  i  as  i . .  lu.uio  st.j 

Syxij  bandys,  for  I  hem  tolde;  17188 

•i,  the  p;ihns     And  tweync  (to  myre  Insijccciou/A 

ofagrillin.  J  \  J  i  / 

Wer  the  pawmys  off  A  gryffou?*. 
Ill  iiic  Sill  a  And  I  beheld  the  same  whyle, 

In  On  hand  she  hckb^  a  ffyle,  [Miadacsi]   17192 


Six-handed  Avarice  bids  me  do  homage  to  licr  Idol.        4G1 

fforgyJ  off  ful  myglity  stcl ;  The  pui/rm. 

And  (as  fer  as  I  koude  fel,) 

The  ffyle  was  ymad  and  ment 

To  ffyle  brydles,  off  en  tent.  17196 

Touchynge  hyr  other  froue;'nan?zce,^  Jn  ti'e  «'; 

She  held  also  a  gret  ballaiwice, 
Only  off  purpos  (yiff  she  ko?mc,) 

To  pevse  the  sodyak^  and  the  Sonne,    [=  zoai^iu  St.]  17200   (towei-ii 
And  caste  he??i  in  the  wynd  in  wyn,  and  sun) 

And  neuere  to  callyn  hem  ageyn  : 

A  large  dyssh,  ek  I  beheld,  =!'."'  •■>  '"'s 

In  hyr  hand  how  that  she  held.  17204 

And  in  hyr  ffyffthe  hand  a  krokct ;  i"  ";« -^f' " 

''         J  '  crocket. 

And  on  hyr  bed  a  gret  niawmet. 

Hyr  syxthe  hand  she  gan  to  laiuiche  The  cth  hoia 

Lowe  domi  vn-to  hyr  han?jcbG,  17208 

Wycb  cause  was  (vn-to  my  syht)         [stowe,  ienf304]  [ieaf24i] 

She  haltede,  and  wente  nat  vivrylit,  f.'"'  ",\'V'^'  '"•'•■ 

'  1.  J  '  1„|||,    1|1((,    ;i 

Lyk  as  a  crepyl,  wz't/i  potente ;  mv\>^^. 

Evene  me  thouhte  so  she  wente.  17212 

[9  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  IlhiminaHon.'\ 
And,  by  maner  off  bataylle, 

Thys  vekke  gan  me  to  assay  lie,  [Cap.  iii. 

Off'  malys  and  inyquyte,  [C:ii>.  ii.  is 

•'  J  1    J       ^  omitted.] 

And  felly  say  do  thus  to  me  :  17216 

The  old  Avarice :  ^  ['  st-.  <»»•  c]  ohiAm,--ice 

'  I  swer  to  the,  by  my  mawmet 
Wych  vp-on  myn  bed  ys  set, 
In  whom  ys  holy  my  plesau?«ce, 

]\Iy  trust  pleynly,  and  my  creau7«ce,  17220 

I  have  abyde  vp-on  thys  way  f^v^  «•'.«  'i'"* 

•^  ^  J  -J  loner  lam  iii 

Tawayte  on  th6  ful  many  a  day.  wait  lor  me, 

'  Ley  dou7j  thy  skryppe  and  tliy  bordou??, 
And  do  honiao;e  to  my  Mahown  !  1722-4   and  i«<niivcs 

°  •'  me  III  dii 

ftbr  yt  ys  he  (thow  shalt  wel  knowe)  i"""i'KV" 

Ly  whom  that  I,  off  hih  and  lowe 
AUowyd  am,  and  off  gret  prys. 

*  Here  the  15th  ccntmy  hand  in  tlie  Stowe  MS.  952  stops, 
and  old  John  Stowc's  handwiitiny  bugin.s,  and  goes  ou  to  the 
end. 


4G2  I  ash  Avarice  to  describe  herself  &  Idol.  The  Vcdc  of  Sorro^v. 


Ariifice. 

Without 
Av;nice  no 
man  is  sure  of 
prosperity. 


I  must  sub- 
mit to  lier 
idol,  or  die. 

The  Pilarim. 

[leaf2U,blc.] 

[Cap.  iv.] 

I  ask  lier 
authority, 
race,  and 
nation; 


and  wliat  her 

Idol  is, 
sh:iped  like  a 
marmoset. 


Why  should 
I  do  lioinafje 
to  a  dumb 
and  blind 
thing  ? 

Avarice 

[Cap.  V, 
prose.] 


bids  me  fol- 
low her. 


and  see  the 
Vale  of  Sor- 
row and  the 
Interjeetion 
of  Ijamenla- 
tion. 


Yholde  prudent,  and  ryht  wys.  17228 

ffor  no  man  hath,  wit/i-oute  me, 

Worshepe  nor  no  dygnyte  ; 

In  hih  estat  y.s  no  Avhyht  Set, 

But  thorgli  favour  off  my  mawmet,  17232 

To  whom  thow  mvst  submyttc  tlie, 

Or  thow  shalt  deye  ;  so  mot  I  the  ! ' 

Pilgrim  :  ^  ['  st-  om.  c] 

"  ffyrst,  thow  mvst  declare  me  [st.jtc] 

Thy  power  and  thy?i  Auctoryte,  „      17236 

Thow  olde,  ryvelyd  off  vysage,  „ 

Thy  kynrede,  and  thy  lynage,  „ 

Tliy  contre  and  thy  naciou/t, 

And  also  off  what  regions  17240 

That  thow  art  born,  (I  wyl  ffyrst  knowe,) 
Wit/i  bak  and  chynii  courbyd  lowe ; 
The  maner  ek  off  thy  mawmet, 

Shape  lyk  a  marmoset :  17244 

Tel  me  hys  condic'iou?i ; 
ffor  me  thywketli  yt  no  resoura 
Off  equyte,  nor  by  no  ryht, 

8yth  he  ys  dowmb,  and  blynd  off  syht,  17248 

I  that  am  born  off  good  lynage, 
Shokle  vn-to  hy»i  do  now  homage." 

Avarice  :  -  i^  «•-.,  o,,,.  c] 

'  Syth  thow  wylt  fyrst  yse. 

And  what  my  name  sholde  be,  17252 

I  Avyl,  as  now,  no  thyng  spare  ; 
But  the  trouthe  to  the  declare, 
That  thow  shalt  (wit7i-oute  offence) 
Yive  to  me  the  mor  credence.  17256 

'  Yiff  thow  lyst  the  trouthij  se, 
Kom  on  a-noon,  and  folwe  me, 
And  thow  shalt  (yiff  thow  kanst  espye) 
Here  me  ful  lowdii  crye  ;  17260 

ffbr  I  shall3  sen,  duryng  my  lylF,  [r!;;::[^^II;;;i'JJ 
The  vale  off  sorwe?*'*  and  off  strytf,  [*sorow  st.] 

The  woful  Interiecc'iou?* 
Most  ful  oft"  lamc/ztacmm.'  17264 


Pilurim : 


[5  St.,  om.  C] 


I  sec  an  Ahbcy  like  a  Chcssl)oard,'j)ln.niUnl  hij  all  the  Pieces.  4G;i 


And  trewelyi  (I  took  good  ke}),)   [>  tiewiy  c,  truly  st.j 

She  weiite  vp  to  a  fosse  kaue  dep ; 

And  tlier  she  bad  nie  lokii  doiui ; 

Wlier  I  liadde  inspecciou?J 

Off  an  abbey,  Avych  eutvydel 

(As  I  beheld  the  nianer  wcl) 

"Was  fou/idyd  besydcu  a  cheker,  [c.  &st.] 

S(piar  as  ys  a  Tabler.  17272 

[8  lines  blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.^ 
And  I  beheld 2  also  wit/t-al,  [MnUyast.] 

Ther  wer  esches,  bothe  gret  and  smal, 
Iful  wel  ywrouht  in  alh'  thynges. 

Ther  sawh  I  rooky s  ami  ek  kynges, 
And  knyhtys  (ek  in  verray  soth) 
Drawen,  as  a  ffers  y-doth 
In  travers  wyse,  by  bataylle, 
Eue?7ch  other  gan  assaylle 
Wyth  sharpe  swerdys,  thus  thauhtc  me, 
A  dysguyse  thyng  to  se ; 
ffor  at  the  dies,  in  al  my  lyff, 
Sawh  I  neue/'e  swycli  a  stryff, 
Nor  so  fers  A  co?itenau?ice  ; 
ffor  every che  gan  \\ym  sylft'  avau/<cc, 
Wha?«  ther  bataylle  was  ado, 
To  make  hem  redy  for  to  go 
To  that  abbay  ther  besj'^de, 
And,  be  surquedye  and  pryde, 
Ther  to  forreye,  what  they  may, 
Robbe  and  spoylle,  and  ber  a- way, 
And  reve  hem  off  ther  rychcsse, 
Antl  brouhte/i  hem  in  swych  dystresse, 
That  no  thyng  leffte  to  ther  refut, 
But  made  al  bare  and  destytut. 

Whan  I  hadde  al  tliys  yseyn. 
How  al  Avas  makyd  wast  and  pleyn,  [c  &  st.] 

Q«OfZ  I,  "  what  thyng  menetli  thys,  „ 

That  thys  cherche  destroyed  ys  ? 
Tliys  ys  (to  myn  oppynyou?*) 
The  woful  InteriecciouM, 
Wher-off  pleynly  (me  semeth  so) 


The  Pilifi-im. 

I  follow  her, 
[C;!]).  vi, 
prose.] 

1  I  268    anil  see  an 
abbey, 

[leaf'iir.] 

lit'sidi-  a 
eliess-boaid. 


1727G     Willi  cliesB 
men  on  it, 


where  a  battle 
takes  plaee. 


17'>80     tliepieees 

fiKliliiig  witii 
Bwords. 


17284 


And  when  the 
battle  is  over, 


17288     all  the  men  KO 
to  the  abbey. 


17292     plunder  it. 


17296 


17300 


and  leave  it 

bare. 

[Icaf2lii,bk.] 


[Cap.  vii, 

prose.] 

I  .isU  what 

this  means. 


464  Avarice  declares  that  site  is  the  Clturclis  ruin. 

Tiio  piiiirim.   Euerycli  Avyse  man  sliokle  ha  wo,  17304 

And  coMjpleyne  (I  the  ensure) 

Thys  vnhappy  aventure." 
Aviii-ice         Avarice  :  ■'  ['  st.,  om.  c] 

[Cap.  viii.        '  Whcr  thow  be  wel  or  evele  aioayd, 

prose.] 

Lo  her  ys  al  that  I  ha  sayd.  17308 

says  this         Tlivs  mcsclielf  (yiff  thow  kanst  yt  se) 

mischief  is  "^  ^''  J  / 

wrought  by      Ys  ydon  and  wrouht  by  me, 

And  aco?Hplysslied  vp  in  dede, 

Al-thogh  that  yt  be  no  nede  ;  [Stowe,  leaf  .in.-,]   17312 

Wher-off,  in  liys  prophesye, 
asJereminh     The  nobyle  p?'ophete  leremye 

coiiiplaineil 

(iv,  vii,  viii,     (As  he  that  lyst  no  thyng  to  feyne) 

Wepte  sore,  and  gan  co?/ipleyne  :  1731G 

tiiat  tiie  *  Alias  ! '  Q\iiod  he,  *  how  the  pryncesse, 

Naii.inswas     Off  folkys  allc  clieff  maystresse, 

lirmi^'lit  into 

subjectiuu.       Ys  trybutarye,  and  bor  don??, 

And  brouhte  iu-to  subiecciouw  ! '  17320 

'  The  prophete  wyste  aforn  ryht  wel, 

That  I  sholde  causen  euerydel 
Avarice  causd  Tliys  grete  desolaczon) 

tliis  ruin;  i     i  i     i  -i  ^ 

And  thys  habomynacion).  1/324 

I  and  myne  (yiff  yt  be  soulit) 
Have  thys  grete  mescheff  wroulit. 

'  Thys  the  custom  (in  substau?ice), 
Holy  the  niauer  and  vsau7jce,  17328 

aiui  all  of        Oft'  al  that  to  my  scolii  go, 

liei-  sdiool  do  J  &    > 

as  she  does.      p,y  niy  doctrynii  to  do  so. 

And  so  to  werke,  by  my  tcchyng ; 
[ie.if2tG]      fibr  ther  ys  nouthor  rook  nor  kyng,  17332 

[Cap.  ix,         But  ech  off  hem  (for  ther  part) 

prose.] 

8ore  studyen  in  that  art, 

Eue/ych  off  hem  to  fynde  a  waye, 

How  they  may  to  me  obeye.  1733G 

Thow  mayst  me  leve  in  sykernesse ; 

Ther  owne  werkys  ber  wytnesse.' 

The  Pilgrim.  PilP^rilH  :  "  [^  St.,  om,  C] 

[Cap.  X,  "  I  may  nat  levvn  (for  nor  ner) 

prose.]  J  J        \  I 

I  cannot         Thow  slioldest  luiu  So  grct  powcr,  17340 

believe  she  ^ 

hassu.-h         Wych  tliat  art  so  puryly 

power.  "  i.       J    J 


Avarice's  story  of  the  hing  whose  Paramour  vxis  Liberality.  465 


"  Arrayed,  and  so  dysguesyly ; 

Halt  and  lame,  (as  semeth  me) 

Broke-bakkyd,  and  foul  to  sc.  17314 

And  viiili  al  tliys  (I  the  ensure), 

A  verray  monstre  in  nature, 

(Who  lyst  looke,  he  shal  yt  fynde,) 

And  engendryd  a-gey?i  kynde.  17348 

How  sholdystow,  wiih  al  thys  thywges, 

Ouer  erlys,  dukys,^  kynges,  H  dukes  earis  st.] 

Have  power  or  domynaci'on 

To  brynge  hem  in  subiecc'ion,  17352 

Sythen  they,  by  gret  noblesse, 

Haven  off  kynde  swych  fayrnesse. 

And  brouht  forth  by  engendrure, 

Kyndely,  as  by  nature?"  17356 

Avarice  :  ^  \?  st.,  om.  c] 

*  Yiff  thow  wylt  a  whylc  dwelle, 
A  good  exau??iple  I  shal  the  telle, 
Eeporte  me  wel  in  eue;'y  thyng  : 

'Ther  was  onys  a  myghty  kyng,  17360 

Wych  that  hadde,  to  hys  plesaunce, 
A  lady  in  hys  governau?ice, 
Whom  that  he  louede  pa?'amour, 

And  took  to  hyre  al  hys  tresour,  [stowe,  leaf  sos,  back]  17364 
Good^  and  lowelle-s  euerydel,  p  goods  St.] 

Be-cause  that  he  louede  hyr  so  wel. 
And  shortly,  thus  wiili  \\ym  stood. 
She  gouernede  al  hys  good,  17368 

Whos  name  was  Lyberalyte  : 
She  was  benygne,  large  and  fre, 
Wych,  in  eue?'y  region??, 

Hadde  gret  fame  and  gret  Eenou?*.  17372 

And  she  dyde  euere  hyr  labour, 
So  to  dyspendyn  hys  tresour. 
That  hys  worshepe  on  eue?y  syde 
Gan  encrece  and  sprede  wyde ;  17376 

Gat  hy??i  honour  and  gret  ffame, 
And  w^t7i  al  thys,  a  ryht  good  name, 

'  The  story  doth  also  specefye, 
She  made  hys  goody s  multeplye,  17380 

PILGRIMAGE.  H  H 


The  Pilgrim. 


She  (Avarice) 
is  so  foul, 


a  regular 
monster. 


How  can  slie 
rule  and  sub- 
due earls  and 
kings  ? 


[Cap.  xi, 
prose.] 

explains. 


Sbe  tells  me 
the  story  of  a 
king.i 


who  had  a 
paramour 


[leaf24G,bk.] 


named 

*  Liberality.' 


By  spending 
his  treasure 


she  gaind 
him  great 
honour  and  a 
good  name. 


■iiyi'y     How  Avarice  invprii^ontl  Liberality,  &.  shamed  the  King. 

Ararice.      '  And  causcde  also,  liow  that  he 

Was  wel  belovyd  in  hys  contre ; 

ffor  love  excellyth  in  worthynesse 

Euej-y  tresour  and  rychesse.  17384 

[Cap.  xii,  'But  wha?j  that  I  thys  dyde^  espye,      [•  dyd  this  St.] 

Seeing  this,     I  liaddc  tlier-oft"  ful  gret  envye, 

And  caste  to  fynde  occasiou?i 

if  or  to  tourne  al  vp-so-douw.  17388 

the  old  hag      I  cran  taproche  the  court  ful  ner, 

Avarice  went 

to  the  court,     A-queyntede  me  wit/i  the  porter 

And  \\i\Ji  thoffycerys  euerychon  ; 

And  in-to  chau??ibre  I  kam  a-noon,  17392 

Wher  as  the  kyng  a  beddii  lay. 
stoic  away       Whyl  lic  slepte,  I  stal  away 

theliing's  •'  . 

paiamour       (Thiogh  my  sleyhte  in  prevyte,) 

while  he         Hys  paramour  Lyberalyte ;  17396 

And  or  the  kyng  yt  koude  espye, 

BenchauJitement  And  sorcerye 

I  gan  at  hyre  so  enchace,^  \}  tenchase  st.] 

Tliat  she  was  voyded  fro  that  place ;  17400 

[leaf  247]      And,  by  fals  collusiomi, 
and  shut  her    I  slist  hyre  in  a  strong  prysomi, 

Wher  I  ha  cast,  (shortly  to  telle,) 

Whyl  that  I  lyve,  she  shal  ther  dwelle ;  17404 

And  in  hyr  stede  (off  entente,) 
Then  Avarice  To  bedde  vn-to  the  kyng  I  wente, 

place  by  tlie       Whyl  that  he  slepte  vnwarly.^  P  slept  vnwarely  St.] 

by  enchant-         '  And  whan  he  wook  al  sodeynly,  17408 

In  stede  off  Lyberalyte, 

In  hys  Arniys  he  took  me ; 

At  wych  tyme,  by  sorcerye, 

I  blente  so  the  kynges  Eye,  17412 

became  his      That  I  be-kam  hys  paramour, 

And  hadde  in  guarde  al  hys  tresour. 

Wherso  that  he  wook  or  slep, 

Off  hys  worshepe  I  took  no  kep ;       [stowe,  leafsoc]  17416 
and  turnd       Hys  houour,  gold,  liys  goode  fame, 
to  shame.        Al  I  touruede  yt  to  shame ; 

ffor  he  ne  myghte  (who-so  me  knewe) 

ffyndc  noon  offyccre  mor  vutrewc.  17420 


Avarice  was  legottcn  in  Hell  hy  Satan. 


467 


'  I  am  the  same  (thys  the  cas,) 
Off  whom  that  whylom  wrot  Esdras, 
Apemenen,  wych,  hyr  sylff  al  sool, 
Made  tlie  kyng  so  gret  a  fool : 
Wha?i  she  was  hevy,  lie  was  sad  ; 
Wha7i  she  lowh,  tlian  he  was  glad ; 
She  took  hys  crowne,  and  leyd  yt  douw, 
And  he,  by  lowh  subieccioim, 
Al  hyr  lustys  dyde  oheye, 
ffor  he  durste  hyr  nat  w^t/^-seye  : 
Thus  yt  stood,  and  thus  yt  was. 
As  thow  shalt  fyndeM  in  Esdras. 

'  By  wych  exau?Hple,  thow  mayst  sc 
That  yt  fareth  thus  by  me ; 
ffor  I  kan,  by  my  werkynges, 
Deceyue  prynces  and  ek  ky/iges  ; 
And  al  the  meyne  off  the  cheker, 
I  kan  make  off  herte  enter, 
To  robben  abbeys  euerychon, 
And  to  dyspoylle  hem,  on  by  on, 
Wi't//-outen  any  co??ipassiou?z, 

'  And  touchyng  ek  my  nacwujj. 
And  my  name  (yiff  I  shal  telle,) 
I  was  engendryd  fyrst  in  belle ; 
And  ther  the  prynce  Sathanas 
(Yiff  thow  wylt  wyte,)  my  fader  was; 
And  in  that  Valey  Infernal 
I  was  begete  :  lo  her  ys  al. 

*  And  my  name  ek  to  devyse, 
I  am  callyd  Covetyse 
(Oft'  verray  ryht,  and  nat  off  wrong,) 
And  Avaryce,  somwhyle  Among  ; 
But  Coveytyse,  men  calle  me 
Off  verray  ryht  and  equyte, 
Whan  I  am  mevyd  in^  my  blood  ['  om.c,  St.] 

To  coueyte  other  merznys  good. 
And  Avaryce  mew  me  calle, 
Whan  that  I  fro  folkys  alle 
Kepe  al  that  euej'e  I  gete  kan, 
And  wyl  departe  wi't/i  no  man, 


Avarice 

is  she  of 
whom  Efldras 
wr6te(ljBjdi'. 
iv.  29— 31), 
17424    'Aparae,  the 
King's  con- 
cubine' {Jo- 
seph. Antiq. 
lib.  11,  cap,  I, 
Kabsaces 
Tliemasius), 
who  made  a 
1710s     f??!  of  the 
X  I  t.ju     King,  ami 
took  off  his 
crown. 


17432 


[leaf  247,  bk.] 

T  ^  A  "iC     Avarice  can 
1  /  ioii    ileceivc kings. 


17440 


and  make  em 
rob  abbeys. 


[Cap,  xiii, 
prose.] 


17444    She  was  be- 
gotten in  hell. 


17448 


of  Satan ; 


her  name  is 

'  Covetous- 
ness ' 


17452    and 'Ava- 
rice ' : 


17456 

Covetousness 
when  she 
covets  others' 
goods ; 

Avarice  when 
she  keeps  all 
17460    she  gets. 


468 


Avarice's  hands  arc  like  a  Griffin's  paws. 


Avarice 

is  ill-clad  on 
purpose. 


so  as  not  to 
waste  money 
on  clothes. 


[leaf  248] 


She's  like  a 
dog  on  a 
haystack. 


[Cap.  xiv, 
pi'ose.] 


Her  hands 
are  made  to 
take, 
not  to  give. 


She  shuts  up 
all  her  gold. 


Her  desire  is 
insatiable. 


'  Whor  tliey  be  wel  or  evele  apayed. 

'  And  that  I  am  thus  evele  arrayed, 
I  do  yt  only  off  entent 

That  my  gold  ne  be  nat  spent,  17464 

On  clothys  wastyd,  nor  my  good. 
And  levere  me  were,  bothe  gowne  and  hood 
Wer  -with  Avermys  day  be  day 

Conswmyd,  and  yffret  a-way,       [stowe,  leaf  soc,  back]  17468 
Tha?i  pore  folk  (so  god  me  spede,) 
Sholde  were  hem  in  ther  nede ; 
ffor  I  caste  me  nat  at  al, 

Xeuere  for  to  be  lyberal  17472 

Wliyl  I  may  walken  on  the  ground ; 
ffor  I  resemble  vn-to  that  hound 
Wych  lyggeth  in  a  stale  off  hay, 

Groynynge  al  the  longii  day,  1747G 

Wyl  suffre  no  beste  ther-to  to  gon, 
And  yet  hym  sylff  wyl  etii  noon. 

*  Myn  handys  off  merveyllous  fasou??, 
Lyk  the  pawmys  off  a  gryffou?*,  17480 

Be  mad  (wher-so  I  slepe  or  wake,) 
Nat  to  yive,  but  for  to  take. 
To  axe  me  good,  wer  gret  foly ; 

ffor  tliys  my  purpos,  (fynaly,  17484 

And  as  me  semeth  for  the  beste) 
To  shette  my  gold  vp  in  my  cheste  : 
Thys  al  my7i  liool  cntencion, 

Offys  and  occupac'ion.  17488 

Al  good,  Avher  yt  be  grene  or  rype, 
I  kan  wel  gleny??,  I  kan  wel  grype, 
Bothe  to-forn  and  at  the  bak  : 

What  I  may  gete,  goth  in-to  sak,  17492 

Off  entent  (be  wel  certeyn) 
Neuere  to  taken  yt  out  ageyn. 

'  My  wyl  ys  euere  vnstauwchable, 
And  my  desyr  in-sacyable ;  17496 

My  thouht  nor  mjn  affecciouw 
Ha  neue?"e  ful  repleciouw. 
I  am  the  swolwli  (who  lyst  to  so) 
Wych  that  in  the  saltii  see,  17500 


Avarice  is  tied  to  her  Riches  lihc  an  A2')e  to  a  hlocl:     469 

'  Al  that  enere  goth  forth  hy,  Avarice 

He  devoureth  yt  Oiitterly,  wllXoIfi 

And  neuere  ne  sent  no  thyng  ageyn.  ever/ti"ing  in 

Tawayte  ther  affter  wer  hut  veyn,  17504  "^«««''- 

ffor  shortly,  he  devoui-eth  al, 
Coper,  yren,  and  metal ; 

Al  that  peyseth  or  yiveth  soun,  [leaf  248,  bk.] 

To  the  hotme  yt  goth^  do^^?^,    [' botome  it  goythe  St.]     17508 
To  gretter  wrak  tha??  on  a  rok. 

'And  as  an  Ape  vn-to  a  hlok  As  an  Ape  is 

^  tied  to  a  clog. 

Or  to  a  clog,  tyed  witJi  a  cheyne, 

Ryht  so  I  do  my  bysy  peyne ;  17512 

I  teye  my  sylff  (by  gret  dystresse) 

And  hvndii  me  to  my  rychesse  :  so  is  she  tied 

''  ^      ^  '  to  her  riches, 

I  liynde  yt  nat ;  yt  hyndeth  me, 

That  I  am  bonde,  and  nothyng  fre,  17516 

ffor  to  have  theroff  plesau^ice. 

ffor  lak  only  off  suffysau7«cc, 

I  am  so  tej'^d  (I  may  nat  skapc,) 

Wi't/i  a  clog,  ryht  as  an  Ape,  [stowe,  leaf  307]  17520 

Wych  in  soth  so  letteth  me. 

That  I  ha  no  lyberte  j'.'^^^^'j'^f '«» 

To  gon  at  large  hih  nor  lowe. 

'  And  yiff  thow  lyst  also  to  knowe  17521   [Cai<.xv, 

What  my  vj-  handys  l)e,  [2  syxe  473/17666] 

I  shal  declare  a-noon  to  the, 
And  make  a  demo?istrac'ion  : 

I  Gryppe  ami  streyne  lyk  a  Gryffouw,  17528  Her^sixhands 

And  faste  I  hoklc  ther-w<tA-al  everything. 

Coper,  yren,  and  ech  metal ; 
Streylitly  kepe  yt  in  my?^  bond, 

Bothe  in  water  and  on  lond.  17532 

And  thow  aforn  dyst  neuere  se 
So  cursyd  handys  as  they  be ; 
Enarmyd  abouten  Envyrou». 
\V/t/;  the  pawmys  off  a  Gryffow*.  1753G 

'  The  fyrste  hand  (for  to  dyffyne)  P,'i''-^*R 

By  ryht  ycallyd  ys  '  Eavyne,'  vine.' 

That  sheweth  Gentyl  outward  alway, 
Tyl  that  he^  may  cachche  hys  pray  j  pust.]  17510 


470      Avarices  1st  hand,  liavine,  and  2nd  hand,  C'id])urse. 

Avarice.      '  Dyspoylletli^  pylgrymes  est  and  west,     [•  dispoyiyn  st.] 
Bothe  in  woods  and  in  fforest, 
Wi't/i-outen  any  excepcion  : 

Thys  ys  my  condyd'on,  17544: 

To  robbe  and  reue  wM  al  my  myglit. 

'  I  cleymii  al  thyng  myn  off  rylit ; 
Myn  hand  ys  lyk  vnto-  a  kytc  :      [^  lyk  to  c,  lyke  to  st.] 
I  take  chykenys  that  be  lyte ;  175-48 

Wher  I  ham  fynde,  fer  or  ner, 
I  hev  hem  hoom  to  my  dyner. 
Gret  robbery,  on  folk  I  make  ; 

Hors  and  cartis,  bothe  I  take,  17552 

With  porvyau/?ce  and  wyth  vytaylle. 
And  off  malys  I  wyl  nat  faylle  : 
Yiff  a  pore  man  haue  a  kowR, 

Oxe  or  mare  that  draweth  hys  plowh,  17556 

I  make  hem  selle  hem  by  duresse, 
ffor  to  stau7tche  my  gredynesse, 
Wher  any  swych  I  kan  espye. 

And  as  an  yreync  sowketh  the  fiye,  17560 

And  hyr  entroyllus'^  draweth  oute,  p  entiaiis  St.] 

Evene  lyk  I  renne  aboute, 
And  cessc  nat,  whan  I  ha  be-gonne, 
Tyl  that  I  my  pray  ha  wonne.  175G4 

'  The  tother  hand,  to  do  gret  wrak, 
Ys  set  behynden  at  the  bak, 
That  no  man  ne  sholde  osi)3'e 

The  mane/"  off  my  roberye.  17568 

So  secretly  I  kan  yt  vse, 
Outward  my  falsnesse  to  exeusc, 
Thys  hand  ful  hifi  vp-on  A  tre 

Maketh  many  on  enhaugyd  be;  [stowe, leaf 307, back]  17572 
And  with  hys  ffeet  (wych  ys  nat  fayr,) 
ffor  to  waggen  in  the  hayr^  [♦ayrest.] 

fful  hih  a-loffte,  yt  ys  no  dred. 

*  Thys  hand,  fro  many  manhys  hed,  17576 

Causeth  the  Erys  be  kut  away ; 
And  thys  hand,  fro  day  to  day, 
[leaf  249,  bk.]   Ys  the  hand  off  gret  dyffame. 

Its  name  is         /-~,   t,     ^   ,,  ■,  i-o/\ 

•cutpurse."      Callyd  Cuttepurs  by  name,  1  <  ;>oO 


[leaf  249] 


Her  1st  hand, 
Kavine,  is 
like  a  kite. 

She  steals 
chickens, 


horses,  carts, 


and  makes 
poor  men  sell 
tlieir  cou's 
and  oxen. 


[Cap.  xvi, 

prose.] 
She  sucks  em 
as  a  spider 
does  a  fly. 


Her  second 
hand 
[Cap.  xvii, 

prose.] 
is  set  beliind 
her,  to  rob 
secretly. 


Her  2iicl 
liaiid,  Cut- 
purse, 


Avarices  2nd  hand,  Cuf^mrse,  rols,  burghs,  dips  Florins.  471 

'  Wycli  hath  a  knyff  ful  ^  sharp  of  egge,^         [•— istowe]         Avarice. 

And  yet  he  dar  no  glovys  begge;^  pstowe] 

ffor,  to  vse  hys  robhery 

Off  the  glovere  openly,  17581 

He  kepeth  hym  cloos,  al  out  off  syht, 

And  vseth  for  to  walke  a^  nyht  ponst.] 

In  narwe  lanys,  vp  and  dou«. 

Wha/«  that  the  mone  ys  go  dou«,  17588 

Tha7J  he  maketh  hys  ordynau?*ce 

(By  gret  mescheff  and  gret  meschauHco) 

ffor  to  vse  ther  brybery, 

And  for  to  havnte  ther  robbery  :  17592  robs  folk, 

On  no  thyng  ellys  they  sette  her  thouht, 

ffor  off  hyr  owne  they  ha  ryht  nouht. 

'  Thys  hand,  by  force,  ageyn  al  ryht,, 
Breketh  vp  howsys  toward  nyht,  175!)6 

Bothe  in  bowrys  and  in  hallys, 
And  maketh  hoolys  thorgh  the  wallys, 

'  Thys  hand  kan  dygge  and  make  mynys  ; 
Thys  hand  kan  Royne  also  florynes;  17 GOO 

Thys  hand  ful  selde  hath  any  reste ; 
Thys  hand  kan  brake  Cofer  arid  cheste  ; 
Thys  hand,  (in  cold  and  ek  in  hctc,) 
Kan  falsly  selys  cou/iterfete,  17604 

And  the  prent  ther-off  y-graue  ; 
And  thys  hand  wyl  also  haue 
(By  som  Engyn,  or  sleyhte  weye) 
Vn-to  euery  look^  a  kcye.  [Moikest.]  17608 

'  Thys  hand  kan  forge  (I  vndertake) 
ffals  monye,  and  the  prent  make. 
Thys  hand  in  frenshc^  (I  dar  expresso)       [^  ficucUc  st.] 
Ys  callyd  '  Poitevyneresse, '  17612 

fl'or  yt  forgeth  (thys  the  fl"yn) 
A  monye  callyd  Poytevyn,^ 
Wych  ys  in  valu  (by  a-€ou?ityng) 
fful  skarsly  worth  halft'  a  fferthyng.  17616 

'  Thys  hand  ek  falsly  beyth  and  sylleth  ; 

^  Poifevinc,  monnaie  de  Poitou.  '  Une  jwitiunnc,  c'est  le  quart 
d'uu  pavisi  (1273  Carl  de  Ponthieu,  Richel.,  1.  10112,  1",  159  r".)-' 
— Godefroi.  Sol  ParlsicM  .  .  as  much  as  the  Toniois  &  a  quarter. 
Sol  Tourmis,  The  teutii  part  of  oue  sliilliag. — Cotgrave,  1611. 


breaks  into 
houses  by 
night, , 


iligs  mines, 
clips  florins. 


breaks  oin'ti 
folTers  and 
cliests, 

nounterfeits 
seals. 


and  lias  a  key 
to  every  lock. 


It  is  called 
in  French 
'  poitevy- 
neresse,' 


[leaf  250] 
for  it  forges 
the  'poyte- 
vyn,'  worth 
half  a  far- 
thing. 


Her  2nd 
liand,  Cut- 
purse, 


robs  barns 
and  grana- 
ries. 


makes  idle 
officers, 


472     Avarice's  2nd  hand,  Cutpursc,  and  Zrd  hand,   Usury. 

Avarice.      '  And  in  reknynge,  thys  hand  niystelleth. 
Thys  hand  also  (yt  ys  no  drede) 

Kan  spoylle  folk  whan  they  be  dede.  17620 

Thys  hand  kan  al  the  nyht  -vrachche, 
And  ful  streythly  glene  and  kachche,       [stowe,  leafsos] 
And  rendyn  vp  (yt  ys  no  nay,) 
Al  that  eue?-e  lyth  in  liys  way.  17624 

'  Thys  hand,  thogh  men  hadde  sworn, 
Ivan  robbe  and  bern  away  the  corn 
Out  off  bernys  and  garnerys  ;  17627 

Thys  hand,  kan  ferette  in  ko/inyngherys^      [i  conyngera  St.] 
Ee  nyhte  tynie,  whan  men  slepe ; 
Thys  hand,  by  holys  kan  in  crepe, 
And  bern  a-way  what  he  may  fynde. 
And  lyst  to  leue  nothyng  behynde;  17632 

Thys  hand  maketli  ydel  offycerys 
And  many  false  labonrerys. 
Thys  hand  (ageyns  al  resou?i) 
Doth  many  gret  extorsiou?i  17636 

In  ewery  lend  a7ld^  ech  COntre,  [^  in  struck  out,  a.  over  C,  and  St.} 

"Worthy  enhangyd  for  to  be, 

Yiff  the  falsnesse  wer  yknowe 

That  he  doth,  bothe  hyh  a7ul  lowe ;  17640 

ffor  thys  hand  wyl  neuere  spare 

Pore  folk,  to  make  he?M  bare 

And  nakyd  (off  entenczon) 

ffrom  al  ther  pocessiou?^  17644 

'  j\Iy  thrydde  hand,  mad  by  gret  wyle 
'SV'ith  the  Avych  I  ber  the  ffyle, 
I  shal,  as  kometh  to  reme»ibrau«ce, 
Declarii  to  the  (in  si;bstau?jce)  17648 

What  thyng  yt  doth  specefye.  [st.  &  c] 

And  the  trouthe  doth  sygnefye,  „ 

Thys  hand  ys  wronht  ageyn  nature,  „ 

Wych  eue?"e  doth  hys  besy  cure  „        17652 

Alway  (off  entent  vntre.we) 
To  forge  money  newe  ayid  newe, 
Other  folkys  gold  dystresse. 

And  hys  ownij  to  encresse,  17656 

By  som  fals  colIusTou«. 


and  strips 
poor  folk 
of  all  they 


[Cap.  six, 
prose;  cap. 
xviii  omit- 
ted.] 

Tlie  third 

hand 


[leaf  250,  bk.] 


forges  money, 
to  lessen 
others'  and 
increase  its 
own.; 


Avarice's  ^nl  hand,   Usury.     Her  Balance. 


473 


'  And  cuera  in  hys  entcnciOU?i 

He  ffynt  out  weyes  sotylly 

ffor  tencresse  hy?Ji-sylff  ther-by  j  17G60 

By  maner  off  enchau?jtement 

He  ffyndeth  out  (in  hys  entent) 

To  tourne,  by  lays  sotylte,  17663 

ATmiTno-jra  fr>    A    r>tirv«ppl'  [1  wortli  a  fourtli  more :  see 

iouineys  to  ii.  parysee   ,  note,  p.  471.] 

By  hys  engyn,  wyl  vndertake, 

Off  fyve,  syxe  for  to  make. 

'  Thys  hand  kan  also  (in  certeyn) 
In  gernerys  shette  vp  hys  greyn, 
Abydynge  {with  an  hevy  chere) 
Tyl  ther  kome  A  dere  yere, 
At  avau?itage  yt  to  selle, 
And  the  pans^  fal  streylitly  telle, 
Vsynge  ther-in  ful  many  a  whyle. 

'And  thys  hand  that  halt  the  ffyle,  [stowe, leaf sos, back] 
"Wasteth  bothe  gret  and  smal, 
Consumeth  and  devoureth  al, 
Off  pore  folkys,  the  substau?«ce  : 
I  pray  god  yive  hy//i  evele  chau?ice ; 
ffor  nothyng  may  thys  fyle  endure, 

'  Thys  hand  ycallyd  ys  '  Vsure,' 
Vsyd  in  ful  many  place, 
Wych  ys  to  god  a  gret  trespace, 
Bothe  at  marketys  and  at  ffayres. 
And  also  provostys  a7i'l  ek  mayres 
In  tou?ies,^  borwys  and  cytes — 
ffolk  off  hyh  and  lowh  degres— 
Echon  they  may  nat  hem  excuse^ 
But  that  so??ime  off  hem  yt  vse.' 

Pilgrim :  '^ 
'•'  Declare  to  me  (in  substau«ce,) 
"\Yher-off  serueth  thy  balau?iche, 
I  trowe  thow  wylt  ther-in  ryht  sone 
Peyse  ther-in  bothe  sonne  and  mone, 
The  sterrys  ek,  or  thow  ha  do, 
And  the  zodyak  /  also." 

Avarice  :  ^  [« st,,  om.  c.j 

'  Lerne,  and  vnderdtond  me  wel, 


Her  third 
hand  finds 


17668 


[2  pens  St.]  17672 


17676 


17680 


17684 

[3  touns  C,  St.] 
[St.  &  C] 
[*  excuse  St.,  C.  burnt.] 

17688 

[5  St.,  OH!.  C] 


17692 


to  make  five 
into  six ; 


to  keep  grain 
until  bread 
is  dear ; 


to  consume 
tlie  substance 
of  the  poor. 


Its  name  is 
'  Usury ' ; 


and  folk 
[leaf  251] 

high  and  low 

practise  it. 


The  Pilgrim. 

[Cap.  XX, 
prose.] 
I  ask  Avarice 
wliat  her  Ba- 
lance is  for. 


Avarice. 


47-i        Avarices  Mh  hand.     Hoio  she  sells  Time  hy  Usury. 


tells  me  tlie 
meaning  of 
her  Ualance. 


God  set  tlie 
sun  in  the 
zodiac,  to 
give  liglit  to 
all  tlie  world. 


lint  Avarice 
wanted  it  all 
for  herself. 


[leaf2-)l,  bk.] 


all  put  uiuier 
lier,  so  that 
she  might 
weigh  the 
Sim  and 
moon,  &c.  ill 
her  Balance. 


And  she  does 
sell  the  day 
and  week, 

by  charging 
Iieavy  in- 
terest 


'And  I  shal  telle  the  eiuvydel :  17G9G 

Gracii  dieu,  ful  yore  agon, 

Among  the  planetys  eue/-yclion, 

(As  clerkys  wel  relierse  ko?nie,) 

In  the  zodyak  sette  a  Sonne,  17700 

li'or  to  shede  hys  beniys  hryht, 

And  to  mynystre  hys  cler  lyht 

Indyfferently  (I  tlie  ensure) 

Vn-to  eue/y  creature,  1770-1: 

And  to  he  comou?i,  ther-wit/<-al, 

To  al  the  world  in  general ; 

To  make  the  Ertlie  w/t//.  frut  hahou?«do, 

That  ther  wer  no  dyffautii  fouv^de.  17708 

'  Wher-ofe  (yifE  I  shal  nat  lye) 
I  hadde  in  herte  ful  gret  envye ; 
ffor,  yt  wente  nat  as  I  wolde ; 

ffor,  my  wyl  were,  that  yt  sholdo  17712 

Vn-to  nay  lust  appropryd  be, 
By  exau»iple  as  thow  shalt  se. 

'ffyrst,  ageyn[e]s  al  resou?*, 
I  wolde,  by  vsurpac^omi,  17716 

if  ro  poynt  to  poynt  in  ech  degre, 
The  zodj'ak  sholde  obeyii  me,i  i^ms^t.,c.  burnt] 

Sonne  and  mone  (agoyns  alio  skyll),  [st.  &  c] 

Wynd  and  wether  Avere  at  my  wyll ;        [c.  &  st.]  17720 
Al  put  in  my  governawice,  „ 

Yt  to  weye  in  my  ballau7jce. 

*  Al  thys  thyng  (as  thow  shalt  se'-^)     [-' se  St.,  c.  ftMmi] 
I  vsurpe  yt  vp-on  me  :  17724 

The  yer,  I  weye  yt  in  ballaiuico,        [stowe,  leafaoo] 
And  selle  [yt]  ek  at  my  plesau?;ce ; 
I  selle  the  wyke,  I  selle  the  day, 

(To  wych  no  man  dar  seye^  nay)      p  sey  c,  say  st.]   17728 
So»iityme  by  tweluc  and  by  thrj'ttene. 
By  twenty  ek,  and  by  nyntene ; 
And  in  a  yer  (who  kan  yt  telle) 

The  pound  for  XX*'' pans ■^  I  selle  ;  [*  pens  st.]   17732 

The  moneth  also,  by  reknyng, 
I  selle  for  ix.  or  .x.  shyllyng  ;  [C.  &  St.] 

The  wyke  also  for  vj.  or  fyve, 


Avarice's  Mh  hand.     Of  usurious  Loans  and  Sales.        475 


on  her  loans. 

17740 

C] 

The  PUgrim, 

17744 
17748 
17752 

burnt'] 

1775G 
177G0 


[Cap.  xxi, 
prose.] 
1  put  a  case 
to  her : 

A  woodman 
sells  me  a 
wood  for  80s. 


*  At  a-cou«te  that  we  nat  stryve  1773G      Amrice. 

Affter  the  S07/ime,  \vha?j  al  ys  do, 

That  my  loone  kometh  to ; 

And  lyk  as  euery  man  doth  take, 

Ther-on  my  reknyng  I  do  make.' 

Pilgrim  :  ^  ['  st.,  om. 

Than,  lYuod  I  anon,  "  lat  se 
Touchyng  that  I  shal  axen  the ; 
I  wolde  ther-on  have  thy  devys  : 
Her  ys  a  woode  off  lytel  prys, 
Wych  a  woodoman  selleth  me  ; 
And  in  the  sale,  thus  seyth  he, 
'  ffor  .XXX.'''  shyllyng  I  wyl  yt  selle, 
So  that  a-noon  (as  I  shal  telle) 
That  thow  to  me,  (lych  my?^  entent,) 
]\Iake  to  me  thys  payiiraent 
W/t/i-oute??-  any  mor  delay. 
But  yiff  I  grau7ite  a  lenger  day, 
As  thus,  tabyde  a  yerys  space, 
Tha?aie  I  wyl  (withoute  grace-)  [^  without  grace  St.,  c, 
Have  fourty  shyllyng  (by  iuste  reknyng)  [c.  &  st.] 
By-cause  off  my7i  abydyng  : '  ,, 

Vp-on  thys  caas  I  wolde  se  „ 

Wher  lyk  (as  yt  semeth  the) 
The  sellere  off  the  wych  I  telle, 
Outlier  peysseth  or  doth  selle 
The  tyme,  outlier  the  zodyak. 
Off  the  wyche  to-forn  we  spak." 

Avarice  :  '^  P  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Touchyng  thys  thyng,  now  lierkne  nie, 
And  I  shal  answerren  vn-to  the :  17764 

Thys  cas  (yiff  thow  lyst  to  lere,) 
Ys  vnderstonde  in  twey  nianere  : 
Par  cas  som  maw,  (as  thow  shalt  se,) 
Off  nede  and  off  necessyte,  17768 

Hys  woode,  that  were  by  gooel  reknyng 
Worth  off  valu  syxty  shyllyng, 
ffor  v.erray  nede  and  indygence, 

Off  bothe  to  make  recoHjpense,  17772 

ff'or  fourty  shyllyng  doth  y t  selle  ;  for  40s., 


to  be  paid  at 
once. 


If  I  don't  pay 
for  a  year, 


[leaf  232] 

lie  charges 
40s. 


Does  the 
seller  sell  the 
time  or  tlie 
zodiac  ? 


says  the  case 
is  to  he  un- 
derstood in 
two  ways : 
if  a  man  is 
forst  by  want 
to  sell  a  wood 
worth  60s. 


47G 


Avarices  ^th  liand.     How  she  sells  Time. 


for  ready 
money. 


lie  doesn't 
sell  time. 


But  of  old, 
woodsellers 
sold  by 
length  iind 
breadth. 


and  said, 
'  You  shall 
have  the 
wood  for  so 
much, 

[leaf  252,  bk.] 

if  you  pay 
cash  down. 


But  if  you 
don't,  you'll 
pay  a  higher 
price  for 
longer  time. 


as  the  wood 
'11  grow.' 


If  the  seller 
warnd  tl>e 
buyer  before- 
hand. 


he  didn't  sell 
time. 


But  if  the 
wood  wei'e 
cut  down, 


and  couldn't 
grow. 


and  still  the 
seller  raisd 
his  price. 


[Stowe,  leaf  309,  back] 

17776 


17780 


The  causci  pleynly  for  to  telle, 
He  muste  haue  redy  payiiment. 
Thys  marcllau?^t  (to  my  lugement, 
Wlio-so  off  resou?i  lookii  wel) 
The  tyme  seUeth  neueradel ; 

'  But  that  marchaiuit  (wit/<-oute  wher,) 
That  abydeth  al  a  yer, 
Off  hy??j  the  cas  stant  other  wyse, 
As  I  shal  to  the  devyse  : 

By  Olde^  tyme  (lyst  my  tale,)  ['  old  c,  St.] 

Chapmen  that  made  off  woode^  sale,      p  of  wood  mad  st.] 
They  made  lier  sale  (who  taketli  liede)  17785 

By  A  mesour  off  lengthe  and  brede ; 
And  to  the  byggere  they  Avolde  scyii : 
'  Yiff  thow  wylt  my  wodde  beyn, .  17788 

At  0  word,  (so  god  me  sane  !) 
At  swych  a  prys  thow  shalt  yt  haue, 
So  that  my  payement  be  leyd  down 
WM-outen  mor  dylacion.  17792 

And  yiff  thow  byde  a  yerys  day 
Off  my  payment  by  dillay,^'  P  delay  St.] 

I  shal  the  telle  by  short  avys, 

I  wyl  yt  sette  at  hiher  prys  j  17796 

ffor  yiff  that  I  A  yer  aljyde, 
j\ly  wode  shal  on  euery  syde 
Wexe  and  encresse  (I  the  ensure), 
And  multeplyen  off  nature.'  17800 

'  And  yiff  the  marchau?it,  in  bargoynyng, 
Telle  \\jm  thus  in  hys  sellyng, 
To-forn,  or  that  the  wode  be  bouht, 
The  tyme  in  soth  he  selleth  nouht,  17804 

jS'outher  weyeth  yt  in  ballauwce  ; 
But  yiff  the  wode  (p«r  cas  or  chau7ice) 
Wer  yhewe,  or  feld  a-dou?i 

T6-for  ther  convenc'ion,  17808 

"VVych  affterward  (wo  ka?*  espye) 
May  nat  encresse  nor  multeplye  ; 
Yiff  he  sette  the  sale  vp  sore, 

As  thus  to  sellyn  yt  for  more,  17812 

P)y  cause  off  bydyng  off  A  yer, — 


Avarices  ^th  hand,  False  Semllance,  &  its  Beggars  Dish.  477 


'Than  I  suppose  (w/t7/-oute  wer,) 

He  peyseth  (as  I  rehersci  shal,) 

Hys  long  abydyng  tyme  and  al,  1781G 

'  But  Avhayi  the  wode  may  multeplye, 
Wexe  and  encressen  at  the  Eye, 
Than  thencres  and  wexyng  al 

Ys  mesuryd  in  especyal,  17820 

And  yweyed  in  ballau?jce, 
Who  loketh  euery  cyrcuHJstaurece. 

'  Now  shal  I  make  descrypciou, 
And  a  cler  declaraczon  17824 

(Yiff  thow  kanst  wel  vnderstond) : 
Thys  dyssh  that  I  holde  in  my?i  hond,      [stowe.ieafsio] 
(In  ffrenche  callyd  '  Coquynerye ' 
And  in  ynglyssh  '  Trwandrye,')  17828 

Thys  hand  I  vse  in  bryberye, 
In  beggyng  and  in  lasyngrye. 
At  Query  dore  I  axe  and  crane, 

My  sustenauwce  for  to  haue,  17832 

And  offte  sythe  (yt  ys  no  dred) 
I  put  vp  many  a  lompe  off  bred 
In-to  my  sak,  (so  mot  I  the,) 

And  kepe  yt  tyl  yt  mowlyd  be,  17836 

That  yt  may  nothyng  avaylle. 

'  And  Guerj  man  I  kan  asaylle 
"With  mjn  Importable  cry, 

I  spare  noon  that  goth  forby ;  17840 

And  thus  I  axe  my  purchace. 
And  I  wyl  payen  in  no  place, 
What  vytaylle  euere  that  I  spende ; 
And  to  nothyng  I  doi  entende,;  [Uhatist.]  17844 

But  for  to  axen  and  to  crye ; 
And  al  labour  I  do  defye ; 
I  wyl  nat  travaylle  in  no  Avyse ; 

I  kan  my  sylfE  so  wel  desguyse  17848 

"With  my  mantel  al-to-rent. 
That  the  peple  ys  verray  blent 
"With  my  fals  illusiou?j 

And  feyned  symulac'iou«.  17852 

'  I  crye  and  coniure  al  the  day 


tlien  he 
weighd  time. 


Avarice  then'' 
tells  what  she 
does  with  her 
Dish  Tru- 
anty. 

[Cap.  xxii, 
prose.] 
[leaf  253] 


She  Ijegs  with 
it  for  bread. 


tho'  she  lets 
that  get 
mouldy. 

She  attacks 
every  one. 


She'll  never 
pay  for  food. 


Her  torn 
clothes  take 
every  one  in. 


4-78  Avarice's  4<th  hand,  False  Snnhlance,  &  its  Beggar's  Dish. 


sits  in  crowd- 
ed places, 


crying  for 
alms; 


feigning 
sickness 


[leaf  253,  bk.] 

and  blind- 
ness; 


and  cursing 
people  who 
give  her 
nothing. 


[Cap.  xxiii, 

prose.] 
With  her 
hand  of  False 
Semblance 
she  advances 
beggars  of 
all  kinds. 


17856 


17860 


[c.&st.]  17864 

[St.  &  C] 


17868 


17872 


who  ask  for 
bread,  cheese, 


'  On  pylgrymes  that  passe  by  the  way, 

As  I  wer  fallyn  in  A  rage ; 

And  wer  that  folk  ha  most  passage, 

Ther  I  kan  sytte  in  gret  dystresse, 

And  crye  on  hem  for  ther  ahnesse 

"W^t7i  a  pytous  feyned  face. 

And,  in  hem  to  fynde  grace, 

I  feyne  ful  many  a  mallady, 

As  I  wer  in  A  dropiisy, 

Or  sodeynly  podagre  falle ; 

And  alway,  affter  good  I  calle ; 

I  feyne  me  blynd,  I  feyne  me  lame ; 

And  for  to  lye,  I  ha  no  shame ; 

I  crye  wit/i  bak  ycorbyd  doun, 

And  make  many  a  pjiious  sou??. 

And  thogh  I  fele  no  maner  peyne, 

I  kan  ful  wel  a  cause  feyne. 

That  I  am  falle  in  indygence, 

ffor  to  beggyn  my  dyspence. 

'  And  yiff  that  folk  ne  yiff  me  nouht, 
Tha?i  w/t/i  a  gruchchynge  hevy  ^  thouht    ['  bevy  om.  st.] 
I  curse  hem  in-to  helle  pet. 

Myn  herte  on  malys  ys  so  set,^  [» pit . .  syt  st.]  17876 

On  aH  I  wolde  avengyd  be. 
That  wyl  no  pyte  han  off  me.        [stowe,  leaf  sio,  back] 

'  Thys  ys  the  hand  off  faussemblauwce ; 
And  wzt/i  thys  hand,  I  kan  avau?ice 
Alle  thys  trwau?itys  eue?'ychon 
Wycli  that  on  my  dau?zce  gon. 
That,  by  her  offyce  and  her  name, 
ffor  to  axe,  haue  no  shame  : 
Brybours  that  gon  vp  and  doun, 
Devoyde  off  occupacz'ou??. 
And  lyst  hem  sylff  nothyng  avau?zce, 
To  travaylle  for  ther  sustenau?jce, 
As  thow  mayst  sen  ful  many  On 
That  aboute  the  world  so  gon. 

*  So?)ime  axe  bred,  so?7nne  axe  chese ; 
And  for  that  they  wer  loth  to  lese, 
So?yane  axe  clothys  and  cootys  oldo ; 


17880 


17884 


17888 


.17892 


Avarice's  Uh  hand,  False  Semblance,  &  its  Beggar's  Dish.  479 


*  And  some  off  liem  arn  ek  ful  bolde, 

OfF  dyvers  housys  to  axe  a  rente, 

Wych  on  the  byldyng  neue?'e  spente,  17896 

As  menstrallys  and  Tregetours/  ['  Trigetours  st.] 

And  other  feyned  sowdyours, 

That  with  paten tys  aboute  gon  ; 

And  among  hem  eue?'ychon,  17900 

I  holde  thys  false  pardownerys.^  f^.j'f""-'/ '''"''''  Chapters  u-^i 

J  i.  J  of  the  prose,  are  here  out  of  C.\ 

2 1  will  nat  spekyn  of  no  ffrerys,  [^  stowe  MS.  952,  leaf  310,  bk.] 

whiche,  in  every  region, 

ar  bound  by  theyr  professyon  17904 

viito  wilfull  poverte. 

wherfore  they  haven  lyberte 

to  beggen,  as  them  selff  affyrm, 

and  on  this  text  they  them  confyrm  :  17908 

Christ  axyd,  when  he  was  her[e]  man, 

water  of  the  Samaritan — 

I  mene,  the  w^oman  at  tho,  well  — 

in  erthe,  when  he  dyd  her[e]  dwell ;  17912 

wherfore,  befuU  [it]  is  to  frerys, 

sythe  they  be  no  processionerys, 

to  get  theyr  lyvelode  wher  they  may. 

'  To  ther  beggyng  I  say  nat  nay,  17916 

so  that  they  fayn[e]  not  in  dede 
to  axe  nat,  but  for  veray  nede, 
thayr  trewe  sustentacion, 

without  all  symulation,  17920 

that  wilfully  men  to  them  prof rys  j 
nat  to  shit  vp  gold  in  coffers, 
nor  to  setten  ther  labowr 
to  gathar  and  hepe  gret  tresure.  17924 

'as  to  myn  opynyon, 
I  hokl  it  no  perfection, 
thowghe  that  my  dyshe  &  my  sachell 
can  techen  them  the  craft  [ful]  well;  17928 

for  bothe  two  (in  sothfastnes) 
be  gret[e]  tookens  of  falsnes  ;  [stowe,  leafsu] 

and  who  that  evar  dothe  them  vse, 
I  ne  can  them  nat  excuse,  17932 

bothe  of  hyghe  and  low  degre. 


and  rent, 
which  never 
!?oe8  to  builJ- 
in^s. 

Her  men  are 
Minstrels, 
sham  Sol- 
diers, 


Pardoners. 

[Stowe  MS. 

952] 
She  won't 
claim  Friars, 


who  say 
Christ's  ask- 
ing water  of 
the  Samari- 
tan woman 
at  the  well 
justifies  their 
begging. 


She  doesn't 
condemn  it  if 
they  ask  it 
for  their 
needs, 


and  not  to 
shut  up  their 
money  in 
coffers. 


But  she 
doesn't  think 
their  doing  it 
perfection. 


480  Avarice's  5th  hand  with  the  Crooh  given  hy  Simon  Magus. 
tstowe  MS.    '  Ijut  tbev  be  servants  vnto  me, 

952. 1 

Avarice.  '  ^^^'^  i^lso,  yf  tliow  lyst  to  loke, 

Her  5th  hand  toucliynge  myii  hand  eke  wiih  the  crooke,  17936 

Crook.  I  will  the  tell,  or  I  ha  do, 

in  Avhat  wyse  I  cam  therto  : 

thou  shalt  know[e]  certaynly, 

that  Symon  Magus  and  Gyosy,  17940 

bothe  twayn,  in  theyr  entent, 

made  ther-of  to  me  present. 
The  Crook       but  the  crooke,  by  oblacion, 

was  given  her  <.r<  i  nr\  4  ji 

byshnon        was  cvven  to  me  of  Symon.  17944: 

Magus.  "-^  "^ 

'  and  yf  I  shall  the  truthe  atame, 
the  fyrst[e]  letter  of  his  name 
The  s  of         is  an  .s.  (who  takythe  hede,) 

Simon  ia  ^  ''  ' 

crookt  of  shape  y-krokyd  in  the  lied;  17948 

and  of  his  name  (be  well  certeyn) 

it  is  chefe  capytall  &  cheftayn. 

thow  wost  full  Avell  thy  selfe,  ywys, 

that  every  .s.  y-crokyd  is,  17952 

lyche  a  crose  highe  in  the  top, 
like  the  staff    lyche  the  staffe  of  a  byshope, 

ofabisliopor      "^  ... 

abbot.  or  of  an  abot,  wher  it  be, 

thow  mayst  example  ther-of  se.  17956 

Avarice  is  the       'and  of  an  abbey,  in  sotlmesse, 

Abbess  of  tlie  "^  '  ' 

Abbey  J  am  callyd  an  abbesse. 

Simony.  '' 

whiche  abbey,  by  gret  vyllenye, 

ys  [y]callyd  symonye.  17960 

and  as  myn  hand  lier  v/ith  this  hook, 
of  the  .s.  his  nam[e]  tooke, 
ryglit  so,  in  conclusion, 

symonye  cam  of  symon.  17964 

'  and  fyrst  thow  shalt  well  vnderstond, 
By  her  5th      that  by  falsnes  of  this  hond, 

hand  the  ,  ,  ,  ,       , 

hateful  vice      most  liorryblc  and  odyous, 

of  .simony  t        c  •  i--i  if-nr^ci 

was  brougiit    was  brouglit  fyrst  m-to  christis  nous  1  /  Uoo 

into  ('hrist's 

church.  the  false  vyce  of  symonye. 

and  by  his  feyned  trecherye, 
by  his  sleyhte,  and  by  his  gyn, 

at  the  dore  he  cam  not  in  ;  17972 

but  at  some  travas,  lych  a  theffe, 


Avarice's  bill  hand.  False  Shepherds.  Sellers  of  holy  Ojfices.  481 


'  wher  he  dothe  full  gret  myschefe ; 
for  wher  so  evar  he  dothe  aproche, 
with  this  staffe  he  can  a-croche 
the  herts  of  folks  by  covetyse, 
and  ordeynythe  in  full  cursyd  wyse 
sheppards  to  kepe  christis  shepe, 
whiche  of  theyr  offyse  toke  no  kepe. 

'  an  herd  man  is  [y]sayd,  in  dede, 
only,  for  he  shuld[e]  fede 
his  shepe  with  spyrituall  doctryn ; 
but  they  draw  by  an  othar  lyn  : 
tliey  may  be  callyd,  for  ther  werkynge, 
pastours  only  of  fedynge. 
they  fede  them  selff  w<t/i  hdboundaunce, 
and  let  ther  shepe  go  to  myschaunce ; 
I  trow  it  is  full  well  ysene, 
them  selfe  be  fatt,  ther  shepe  be  lene. 
I  trow,  the  most[e]  part  of  all, 
men  shuld  them  rather  wolv[e]s  call 
than  trwii  herd[e]s  ;  yong  and  old, 
they  come  to  robb[e]  christis  fold ; 
they  shuld  ther  shepe  from  wolv[e]s  were ; 
the  wool,  the  my  Ike,  a-way  they  here. 
I  can  not  se  wher-of  they  serue, 
that  lat  ther  shepe  at  meschefe  starue, 
and  put  them  selffe  in  gret  defame. 

'  and  they  would  eke  make  lame 
grace  dieu  of  cursydnesse, 
lyke  as  I  shall  a-non  exprese, 
ffrom  the  trone  of  hir  mageste, 
by  gyfte  of  temporalite  : 
his  fals  office  I  can  well  tell ; 
he  can  now  by  en,  he  can  now  sell, 
by  bound[e]s  of  coUusyon  ; 
and  all  comythe  in  by  syr  symon. 

'  yet  at  the  last  it  shall  be  found 
that  grace  dieu  is  nat  bound, 
ner,  hathe  not  lost  hir  fraunchise 
by  none  suche  fals[e]  marchandyse, 
as  comythe  in  by  syuiony, 

PILGRIMAGE. 


(Stowe  MS. 

952.] 
,  Avarice 

liyVo    by  simony 
ordains  false 
shepherds  to 
keep  Christ's 
sheep. 


17980 


[leafiiU.bk.] 


17984 


who  feed 
themselves 
l<98o     andlettlieir 
sheep  go  lean. 


17992    They're 

wolves,  not 
shepherds. 


17996 


18000  They  cripple 
the  Grace  of 
God 


18004 

18008 

18012 
1 1 


by  buyingi 
and  selling 
holy  offices. 


482  A.'s  5th  hand.  The  users  of  Simony  arc  worse  than  Judas. 


[Stowe  MS. 
952.] 


Her  ."itli  liaiul 
sella  and  buys 
God's  grace. 


The  buying  is 
Simony;  tlie 
selling  is  Gy- 
esite,  the  sin 
of  Gehazi 
( Vula.  Giesi, 
Giezi),  2 
Kings  V.  20  ff., 
the  taking  of 
money  for 
spiritual 
gifts. 


Those  who 
sell  holy 
offices  are 
like  Judas, 


[St.,  leaf  312] 


nay,  worse 
than  Judas, 


for  he  restord 
the  pence  he 
took, 


while  the  Si- 
monists 
never  return 
money. 


Whatever 
goes  into 
Avarice's 
sack,  never 
comes  out 
again. 


'  nor  couetyso  of  Gyesy. 

'  this  hand  also  with  his  crochet, 
in  swyche  a  manor  is  yset 
to  sell  and  byen  this  gret  vertwe 
whiche  is  callyd  grace  dieu ; 
but,  kyndly  to  specify, 
the  byggyng  is  callyd  symony, 
and  the  sellyng  in  certeyn, 
(for  to  speke  in  wordes  pleyn,) 
they  that  it  sell,  for  gret  or  lyt, 
bene  y- callyd  Gylisite; 
but  symony,  (who  can  entend,) 
dothe  bothe  nam[e]s  comprehend  ; 
and  all  that  wolde  thus  enchace 
grace  dieu  out  of  hir  place, 
to  sellen  hir  for  gold  &  good, 
they  be  mad,  or  el[le]s  wood  ; 
and  resemblen  (in  swiche  cas, 
I  dare  affirm,)  vnto  ]udas, 
that  ih<'su  christ  for  mony  sold 
full  fallsly,  and  the  panns  he  told. 

'  and  suche  folke  (as  thynkythe  me) 
wers  than  iudas,  yet  thay  be ; 
for  the  pennis  that  iudas  toke, 
aftarward  he  it  forsoke, 
and  restoryd  it  agayn  ; 
but  this  folke,  be  well  certeyn, 
will  for  no  predication 
nevar  make  restituci'on, 
and  cawse  why,  (who  lokythe  well,) 
is  only  this,  for  the  sachell 
whiche  hangythe  fro  my  neke  doune, 
of  nature  and  condicioun  : 

'  what-evar  into  my  sake  ther  gothe, 
(who  that  evar  be  lesse  or  lothe,) 
it  will  nevar  ysswe  out  ageyn  ; 
the  entre  is  bothe  large  and  pleyne, 
and  the  mouthe  to  gon  in  by 
is  evar  open  at  the  entry, 
but  to  comyn  out,  that  wyll  nat  be 


18016 


18020 


18024 


18028 


18032 


18036 


18040 


18044 


18048 


18052 


Avarice's  6th  hand,  Treachery.    Wlien  she's  a  Dra'per.    483 


'  by  no  maner  of  sotelte  ; 

the  way  is  narow  &  streyght  certeyn, 

for  to  comyn  out  ageyn, 

lyke  a  wyle  in  a  ryver, 

to  cache  the  fysche  bothe  fer  and  nere ; 

the  entre  large  /  the  comynge  out 

is  so  strayt,  it  stant  in  clout. 

'  A-nothar  hand  I  have  also, 
with  whiche  I  werke  myche  wo 
by  a  maner  of  roberye  : 
and  it  is  callyd  'trecherye,' 
withe  the  whiche,  (who  can  conceyve,) 
full  many  folk[es]  I  deceve. 
vndar  colour  of  ryghtwysnes, 
I  do  to  folke  full  gret  falsnes, 
that  be  symple  and  inocent. 
withe  my  frawd  they  be  so  blent 
in  marchandysci  that  I  vse, 
I  can  my  selffe  nat  well  excuse. 

'  in  deceyt  stant  my  labowr, 
by  fals  weyght  and  fals  mesure  : 
by  large  mesure  I  can  byen, 
and  streight  mesure  I  sell  ageyn ; 
in  byggyng  I  wyll  ha  trwe  wayt, 
but  in  my  salle  I  do  gret  slayt, 
bothe  in  peys  and  in  balance. 

'  with  sobar  cher  and  countenance 
my  chaffer  I  can  well  sell, 
and  to  symple  folke  I  tell 
that  it  is  bettar  than  it  is, 
and  wittyngly  I  do  a-mys 
touchynge  the  pris,  how  that  it  gothe, 
and  falsly  swere  many  an  othe, 
sober  all-way,  and  sad  of  chere. 

'  and  whan  that  I  am  a  drapere, 
I  hange  out  courteyns  in  the  lyght, 
for  to  blynde  folkes  syght, 
that  men  may  not  sen  at  y^  full 
nothar  the  colowr  nor  the  wull ; 
set  it  at  hyghe  pris  therto, 


18056 


18060 


[Stowe  MS. 

952.] 

Avarice. 


Her  sack  is 
like  a  flsh-pot 
in  a  river,  big 
at  the  moutli, 
close  at  the 
out. 


Her  6th  hand 


18064    iscald 

Treachery, 


18068    and  cheats 
simple  folk. 


18072 


It  buys  hy 
true  weight, 
18076     and  sells  by 
false. 


18080 


18084 


[leaf  812,  bU.] 


18088     When  Ava- 
rice is  a 
Draper,  she 
darkens  her 
shop, 

so  that  folk 
can't  see  the 

18092  wool. 


484   Avarice  i^  &h  hand.   Hoid  she  vjorJcs  sham  Miracles  hy  it. 


[Stowe  MS. 
952.] 


cheats  in 

liorse-clciil- 

i'lg. 


and  witli 
sliam  pardons 
and  relies. 


She  steals 
iniafjes  out  of 
abheys,  re- 
paints them, 


sets  jewels  on 
them, 


puts  blood 
and  milk  in 
tliein. 


and  makes 
lioles  for  the 
fluids  to  run 
out,  as  if  by 
miracle. 


These  she 
shows. 


with  sham 
popes'  bulls 
and  bishops' 

seals. 


and  swere  I  niyglit  ha  sold  it  so 

the  last[c]  day,  to  a  chapman  : 

thus  I  hegyll  many  a  man  1809G 

H  withe  this  hand  of  whiche  I  tell, 

bothe  Avhen  I  by  and  sell. 

*  this  hand  myght  nat  well  be  worse  : 

some  tynie  ther-wtt/i  I  can  sell  horse,  18100 

and  lyke  a  falce  coursar,  I  can 
with  othis  deceyiie  many  a  man, 

*  som  tyme  by  borows  and  by  towns 

I  walke  about[en]  with  pardons,  18104 

Avith  reliks,  and  dede  bones, 

closyd  vndar  glase  and  stons  : 

I  shew  them  vndar  sell  and  biill, 

and  thus  the  pore  people  I  pull,  18108 

of  ther  sylvar  I  make  them  quite, 

in  falsnes  I  ha  so  gret  delyght. 

'  to  abbeys  eke  I  can  wel  gon, 
stell  ymagis  of  tre  and  stone,  18112 

tliowghe  they  ben  old,  &  paynt  them  newe, 
and  make  them  seme  freshe  of  hewe, 
with  colours  bothii  whit  and  redd ; 
and  at  theyr  brestis  and  at  ther  hedd  181 IG 

I  set  berryls  and  crystall ; 
vndar,  I  make  an  hole  full  smale ; 
I  put  in  oyle,  wyne,  and  blood, 

and  melke  also,  to  get[ten]  good;  18120 

make  the  lycour  round  about, 
at  small  holes  to  rcnnyn  out, 
as  it  were  done  by  myracle, 

that  ther  nis  balme  nor  triacle  18124 

in  this  world,  so  ryche  of  prys, 
of  foltyshe  people  that  ben  nat  wys. 

*  I  set  eke  out  swyche  ymagis, 

in  stret[i]s  and  at  hermytagis,  18128 

and  in  subbarbys  at  many  a  towne, 

with  bullis  fret  full  of  pardon  : 

byshops  seles  be  nat  behynd  : 

and  thus  I  make  folk[e]s  blynd,  18132 

by  my  sleyght  and  by  my  guyle. 


Avarices  6th  hand.     She  ivoi'ks  sham  Miracles  hy  it.     485 


'  and  yet  I  vse  a-nothar  wliylc  : 
I  go  to  faytours  of  entent, 
and  make  them  eke  of  myn  assent, 
and,  by  fals  colusyon, 
and  cursyd  dissymulation, 
I  menii  suclie  as  ha  no  shame, 

to  fayne  them  selffe  botlie  blynd  and  lame,  18140 

crokyd,  halt,  and  dome  with  all, 
on  euery  leg  a  gret  mormall, 
full  of  plastars  old  and  new, 
to  make  the  people  on  them  rew. 

'  and,  for  more  decepcion, 
I  make  them  to  l)e  leyd  a-doun, 
H  to-forn  the  ymagys  down  to  ly, 
and  for  helthii  lowd[e]  cry, 
ther  to  have  amendLiment. 
and  they  and  I  of  one  assent, 
I  lyft  them  vp  my  selfe  anon, 
and  make  them  on  ther  fet  to  gon 
with-outen  eny  more  obstacle, 
as  all  wer  wrowght  liy  myracle. 

'  the  people,  takynge  none  hede  therto, 
supposythe  pleynly  that  it  Aver  so ; 
with  offerynge  and  wit/t  pilgrimagis 
come  full  oft  to  suehe  ym^gis, 
for  to  done  ther  observaunco  : 
and  thus  I  can  my  selfie  avaunce 
as  othdr  losengars  can, 
Wit/i  good  tJiai  is  full  falsly  won, 
whiche  that  tliQ  people  obeycthe  full  sore, 
but  of  this  thynge,  as  now  no  more 
I  Avyll  nat  make  rehersall. 

'  &  for  this  hand  may  myche  avayle 
to  profet  me  bothe  day  anil  uyght, 
I  take  none  hede  of  wronge  or  ryght, 
thowghe  it  to  folks  do  gret  domage, 
whill  I  ther-in  fynd  ddvauntage. 
it  hathe  of  falshed  many  a  braunche, 
and  whyl     I^  put  it  to  my  haunche,        ['  Ms.it]   18172 
and  to  my  tonge  reyse  it  agayne  : 


[Stowe  MS. 
952.] 

Avarice 


18136     [St.,  leaf  313] 


makes  also' 


anil  diseasd 
folk 


18U4 


18148 


18152 


18156 


18160 


18164 


18168 


to  lie  down 
before  her, 
iuiazes : 


then  she  seta 
em  on  their 
feet. 


as  if  a  miracle 
were 
wrought ; 


ami  folk 
make  oft'er- 
inss  anil  pil- 
griniaj;es  to 
these  images. 


Avarice  takes 
no  heed  of 
wrong  or 
right. 


486        Avarice* s  haunch,  Lying;   and  tongue,  Forswearing. 


fStowe  MS. 

952.] 

Avarice. 

Her  haunch 
IB  Lying ;  lier 
tonRue,  For- 
swearing, 


[leaf  313,  bk.] 


which  sprang 
from  Lying. 


The  PUgrim. 

I  ask  her  to 
tell  me  about 
them. 


met  Truth 
and  Equity, 


begging,  and 
very  poor. 


'  the  cawse  I  woll  vnto  the  sayne  : 
myn  haunchii  is  callyd  lesynge, 
and  my  tonge  forswerynge ; 
and,  to  this  twayn,  trechery 
is  famylyar,  and  of  aly, 
and  to  them  bothe,  of  kyndly  lawe, 
of  custome  she  will  evar  draws, 
wher  they  ben  old  or  yong  of  age, 
they  be  echon  of  o  lynage, 
and,  by  hyre,  fyrst,  certeyne, 
myne  haunchc  cawhte  this  spaven. 

'  she  made  my  tonge  fyrst  taplye 
to  fynd  out  lesynge,  and  to  ly ; 
and  of  lyenge  I  made  to-forne, 
Avas  forswerynge  fyrst  yborn  ; 
for  wher  that  evar  forsweryng  be, 
lesynge  is  nyhe,  as  men  may  se ; 
and  wher-so-evar  that  they  go, 
barret  is  nat  fer  them  fro  ; 
all  thre  bene  of  on  accord, 
with  truthe  evar-more  at  dyscord,' 

pilgrim : 
"Tell  on,  I  pray,  let  me  se 
in  what  wyse  may  this  be ; 
thow  callyst  thy  tonge  '  forswerynge,' 
and  thyn  haunclie  also  '  lyenge,' 
whiche  is  so  halt  and  corbyd  doun) ; 
tell  me  here-on  some  reson." 

Avarice : 
qwod  avarice,  '  lay  to  ere, 
and  anon  thow  shalt  well  here, 
how  that  I  this  othar  day 
mett  witA  truthe  vp-on  the  way ; 
withe  her  was  also  equite, 
and  bothii  tweyn,  I  dyd  se. 
of  them,  as  I  toke  liede, 
how  they  begged  bothe  ther  bred ; 
they  were  so  poore  bothii  two, 
for  theyr  frynd[e]s  wer  all  go. 
and  yf  I  shall  the  truthe  showe, 


18176 


18180 


18184 


18188 


18192 


18196 


18200 


18204 


18208 


How  Avarice  got  a  SjJCivin  in  her  Leg.    Her  Tongue.    487 


'  this  day  they  ha  but  frynd[e]s  fevve, 
ne  non)  no  shal,  yf  that  I  may. 

'  and  when  I  met  them  on  the  way, 
I  gan  to  turne  the  bake  iwW  sone ; 
with  them  I  had  no  thynge  to  done ; 
for  me  sempte,  to  my  plesaunce, 
they  myght  me  no  thynge  avaunce, 
nor  no  profit  done  to  me. 
therfore  from  them  I  gan  to  fle 
over  the  feld[(i]s  as  they  lay, 
and  I  ne  cept  none  hyghe  way> 
but  forthe,  lyke  myu  opinion, 
as  I  rann,  I  fell  doune  ;  [as,  i,  each  afoot] 

and  with  tliat  fall  thcr  was  no  gayne, 
but  that  I  cawht  a  great  spavayne 
vpon  my  lege,  whiche  made  me 
for  to  halt,  as  thow  mayst  se ; 
and  sothly  yet,  (who  lokci  well,) 
to  halt,  I  hate  it  nevar  a  dell, 
for  Avhen  viiUi  haltynge  I  am  dull, 
it  makythe  my  sake  to  be  more  full ; 
haltynge  dothe  me  more  avaunce ; 
therby  I  make  chevysauncc, 
for  in  haltynge  is  no  synne ; 
who  dothe  vpryght,  may  nothynge  wynn ; 
haltynge  me  wynnythe  many  a  grote, 
it  maketh  mc  hatter  than  my  cote, 
that  I  must  my  tunge  in  sothe 
cast  out  as  a  doggii  dothe. 

'  and  than  full  offe  it  falleth  so, 
that  to  the  kyng[e]s  court  I  goo, 
and  am  ther,  of  no  man  afferyd. 
and  whan  I  have  the  lawes  leryd, 
and  am  come  to  hyghe  estat, 
than  I  become  an  advocat, 
and  make  folk[e]s  to  me  drawe, 
swyche  as  hav  to  don  with  lawe. 

'  but  first  I  swere,  w^■t/^-out[en]  doute, 
my  tunge  I  shall  nat  puten  oute, 
for  ryght  ne  wronge,  ne  for  no  thynge, 


18212 


18216 


[Stowe  MS. 

952.] 

Avarice 

turnd  her 
back  on  Truth 
and  Equity, 


18220    aii'l  fledlVoin 
them. 


18224  She  fell,  and 
gilt  a  spavin 
ill  her  leg. 


18228 


which  made 
her  limp. 


18232     This  limp 

won  her  a  lot 
of  money. 


18236     Uprightness 
makes  no 
cash. 


18240 


[Stowe,  leaf 
31J] 


Avarice  goes 
to  the  King's 
court, 


18244    learns  Ian-, 


18248 


turns  Advo- 
cate, 


and  won't 
speak  a  word 
except  for 
pay. 


488 


Avarice  vjill  Lie  to  any  extent  for  Gold. 


[Stowe  MS. 
952.1 

Avarice 

works  like 
tlie  tongue 
of  a  balance, 


goes  wliere's 

most  weight 
of  fees. 

When  she 
gets  folks' 
uionej', 


she  swears 
their  cause  is 
good,  tho'  it 
isn't. 


She  turns 
right  into 
wrong,  and 
wrong  into 

right, 


only  to  get 
gold. 


Her  Tongue 
is  sown  with 
Lies..  , 


[Stowe,  leaf 
3U,  hack] 


'  but  wlier  I  se  ryght  gret  wynnynge.  18252 

'  on  that  party  evar  I  hold, 
lyclie  a  balaunce  of  whiche  y  told, 
whose  tunge  draAveth  to  that  cost, 

wher  the  weyht  go  the  doune  most :  18256 

to  that  party  he  wyll  iiat  fyne 
tlie  balaunce  to  enclyne. 
and  so  fare  I  when  I  begyne, 
to  holden  ther  I  may  most  wyne.  18260 

'  whan  folke  me  pray  yfiih  all  ther  myght 
for  to  help  them  in  theyr  ryght, 
wher  the  cawse  be  grene  or  rype, 

a-non  as  I  the  money  grype,  18264 

than  I  dare  swaryn,  by  bone  &  blood, 
that  theyr  cawse  is  trwe  and  good, 
thoughe  I  know  the  contrary. 

and  than  anon  I  wyll  not  tary,  18268 

for  gold  and  sylvar  evar  amonge, 
to  make  ryght,  thowghe  it  be  ■wronge ; 
for  I  can  make,  vnto  hir  syght, 

ryght  of  wronge,  and  wrong  of  ryght  j  18272 

tourne  the  matere  vp  se  doune, 
and  preue  it  out  by  good  reson, 
that  in  the  case  there  is  no  lake  : 

and  all  I  do,  to  fyll  my  sake  18276 

withe  gold  and  othar  men[ne]s  good, 
how  evar  aforne  the  casii  stode. 
'  thus  haue  I  told  the  by  resonne, 

and  mad  a  demonstracion,  18280 

why  that  my  tonge  (by  dyscryvynge) 

is  [yjcallyd  '  forswerynge.' 

and  withe  lesyngs,  (who  lyst  know,) 

vp  and  downe  it  is  y-sowe;  18284 

to  falshed  I  do  most  avauntage, 

and  to  truthe  gretyst  damage. 

and  in  this  plyht,  as  I  the  told, 

ever  my  purpos  I  shall  hold,  18288 

that  yf  the  lawe  ne  chaunge  nought, 

I  will  be  fals  of  word  and  thought, 

in  every  place,  wher  evar  I  be, 


Avarice  tells  the  meaning  of  the  Hump  on  her  Bach.     489 


*  that  no  man  shall  levti  me  :  18292 

now  I  ha  told  the  of  my  sake. 

'  touchinge  the  bonche  vpon  my  bake, 
I  wyll  to  the  noAV  specifye 

what  thynge  it  do  the  signefye.  18296 

this  is  the  boch  gret  and  hydous, 
with  whiche  this  folke  relyg'ious 
bene  ybonchyd,  full  many  on  ; — 

som,  I  say,  nat  everychon,  18300 

suche  as  by  transgressyon 
kepe  not  theyr  professyon, 
as  they  be  bound  by  theyr  degre. 

'  and  by  example,  (as  thow  mayst  sc,) 
so  as  a  boche  or  a  fellou 
ar  cawsyd  of  corruption 
of  wyckyd  humours  &  corrupt  blood, 
of  colore  adust,  fervent  and  wood, 
and  othar  suparfluyte ; 
ryght  so,  ryches  and  gret  plente 
ar  cawse  that  a  rychii  man, 
as  the  gospell  rehers[e]  can,^ 
May  in-to  heven  have  none  entre, 
]>ut  euen  lyke  as  ye  may  se, 
A  camell  may  hym-silffe  applye 
To  passen  thorugh  a  nedelyes  eye, 
Whiche  is  a  thyng  not  credible,  „ 

But  a  mauer  impossible,  ,, 

Thys  beste  is  so  encomerous,  [stowe] 

Off  bak  corbyd  and  tortuous,  ,,     18320 

And  so  to  passe,  no  thyng  able.  „ 

'  And  euene  lyk  in  caas  semblable, 
ffolkis  off  relygyoun, 

Bounde  by  ther  professyoun  18324 

ffor  to  lyue  in  pouerte 
Off  ther  owne  volunte, 

And  to  pouert  hem-  silffe  proffesso,      p  iiym  c,  them  St.] 
3eue  they  be  bocchyd  with -^  richesse,         Pbyst.]  18328 
To  gadre  vp  good*  in  ther  bandoun,    [*  good  st.,  and  Tib.] 
Tresoure,  and  greet  pocescyoun  ;  [st.  &.  Tih.] 

^  The  readable  part  of  MS.  Cottou  Tiberius,  A.  vii,  begins  here. 


[Stowe  MS. 
952] 


The  Bunch  or 
Hump  on  her 
back 


typifies  the 
Monks,  etc.. 


who  don'i 
keep  their' 


18304 


18308 


18312 

[Stowe  9,52,  leaf  31 1,  back] 
[St.  &  Tib.] 


18316 


As  BwellinRS 
are  causd  liy 
bad  lunnours 
and  bloud. 


so  riclies  stop 
a  ricli  man's 
entry  into 
heaven. 


[Tiberius,  A 

vii,  leaf  3y, 

staiiid] 


[Cott.  Tib., 
A  vii.  If.  ••!'.•] 
as  a  Camel 
can't  ^o  thru 
a  needle's 
eye. 

fl'ap.  xxxiii, 
prone.] 


Monks  bound 
to  live  iu 
poverty 


are  so  swollen 
by  riches 


490  The  Hump  or  Botch  of  Property  stops  folks'  going  to  Heaven, 


[Tiberius,  A 

vii  {staitul)] 

Avarice. 

that  they 
can't  go  thru 
a  little  hole 
into  Heaven. 
This  little 
hole  means 
Poverty. 


So  let  folk 
keep  them- 
selves from 
the  hump  of 
riches. 


which  will 
close  the  gate 
of  Paradise, 


and  stop  the 
liole  of 
poverty, 
[leaf  39,  back] 
tliat  lets  good 
folk  thru. 


[Cap.  xxxiv, 

prose.] 
This  hump  or 
botch  is 
Property ; 


and  Poverty 
lances  and 
empties  it. 


But  Property 
won't  let  it, 


for  fear  of 
dying. 


*  ffor  hard  it  is  ffor  hem  to  trace,  [st.  &Tib.] 

Or  by  so  smal  an  hoole  to  passe  „       18332 

Vp  to  that  heuenly  mansyoun,  „ 

To  cleyme  there  habytacyoun.  „ 

THis  lytle  hoole  (who  kan  se,)  „ 

Bytokeneth  Avillefful  pouerte,  „       18336 

Eeceyued  with-outen  eny  stryffe ;  „ 

ffor,  pore  we  kam  in-to  this  lyffe,  „ 

And  nakyd,  (who  taketh  lieede  ther-to,)  ,, 
Out  off  this  lyffe  we  schal  eke  go.  [stowe,  leafsis]  „  18340 

'  Wherffore  late  ffolkis  good  heede  take,    „ 

(Swyche  as  han  this  world  fforsake,)  „ 

Hem  to  preserue  by  holynesse  „ 

ffrom  the  bocche  off  ffalsc  richesse,  „        18344 

Whiche  is  a  thyng  (who  kan  discern e)  ,, 

That  wyl  close  the  posterne  ,, 
Of  Paradys^  and  the  entre,     [<  st.  (Tib.  w«/-,o]    „ 

And  stope  the  hole^  off  pouerte,  ,,       18348 

Whiche  is,  to  parffyte  ffolke,  the  gate  „ 
To  lete  hem  in,  erly  and  late, 
Alle  that  ben  ffounden  vertuous 
In  ffolkis  eke  relygyous.  18352 

Properte. 
'  rriHis  bocche  is  callyd  '  Prope/'to,' 

I       Whiche  is  affcrd  off  Pouerte  ; 
ffor  pouerte  (as  clerkys  teche)  18355 

Is  bothe  medicyne^  and  leche       [^  medcyne  Tib.,  medlsyn  St.] 

To  lauuche  the  bocche  off  Prope/'te, 

And  voyde  alle  superfluyte. 

And  the  bollynge  in  eche^  syde.  [^  on  cche  a  st.] 

'  But  Properte  dar  not  Abyde  [Tib.  &  st.]  18360 

To  suffre  Pouerte  hym  to  kerue,  ,, 

Leste  off  the  wounde  he  schulye  sterue         „ 
Leuere  he  hathe,  in  peyne  tendure,  „ 

Than  pouerte  schulde  his  bocche  recure ;  18364 

ffor  he  is  drcdefful,  and  eke  arwh,  [Tib.  &  St.] 

To  passe  an  hole  that  is  so  narwh  „ 

As  hym*  semyth  in  his  devys,        [Mtst.]        „ 
Outher  to  heven  or  paradys  :  „       18368 

llis  herte  is  no  thyng  ther-on  sot.  „ 


Avarice's  Idol,  Gold,  men's  only  Good  and  God.  491 


[}  depose  St.] 


'  Now  wole  I  speke  off  my  mawmet, 

The  Mawmet: 
'    A    N(l  off  myn  ydol  that  is  so  ookl, 

l\      Made  off  siluer  and  oft"  gold, 
In  the  whiche  (I  the  ensure) 
Is  the  ymage  and  the  ffygure 
And  the  prynte  (as  thou  mayste  see) 
Off  the  lord  off  the  centre. 
This  is  the  god  whiche,  by  depos,i 
Loueth  to  be  schutte  in  hucches  clos. 
IT  Somwhyle,  that  men  may  hym  not  knowe, 
He  wole  hym  hyde  in  erthe  lowe. 

'  This  god  kan  make  ffolkys  blynde, 
That  to  his  (jbseruaunce  hem  bynde ; 
And  causith  hem,  ageyn  resoun, 
To  caste  her  lokes  lowe  down 
In-to  the  erthe,  ageyne  nature, 
Hem-silffe  so  mykel  they  assure 
In  eerthely  tresoure,  whiche  at^  o  day 
Schal  vnwarely  passe  away  ; 
ffor  lawe^  in  erthe,  on  euery  syde, 
Lyche  a  molle  they  abyde ; 
In  erthe  is  hoolly  ther  labour ; 
In  erthe  ys  also  ther  tresour ; 
Erthe  is  ther  loye  and  ther  plesaunce ; 
No  thyug  but  erthe  may  hem  avaunco  ; 
Gold  and  seiner  makyth  hem  nygli  wood ; 
Gold  is  ther  god,  gold  is  ther  good ; 
I  worschipe  gold  and  my  tresour 
As  ffor  my  god  and  savyour ; 
Saue  gold,  noon  other  god  I  haue, 

[Illu'mi7iatio7i.] 
*T  Thenke  not  how  I  schal  be  grave 

I       In  eerthe  lowe,  ther  to  be  ffreete, 
Corupcyoun  and  Avormes  mete, 
Hydous,  stynkynge,  and  horryble, 
And  to  loke  vp-on,  odyble  : 
What  may  my  gold  thanne  me*  avayle, 
Whanne  wormes  han^  with  mo  bataylu? 
But  here,  while  I  haue  lyberte, 


18372 


18376 


[Tiberius, 
A  vii.] 
Avarice. 

[pap.  XXXV, 

prose.] 
Her  Mawmet, 
of  silver  and 
gold, 

is  an  image 
of  tlie  lord  of 
the  country. 


a  god, 

[Tib.  leaf  10] 


18380 


18384 


[3  in  St.] 


[Stowe,  leaf  315, 
[^  low  St.] 


18388 

back] 


which  can 
blind  folk. 


and  make  em 
look  on  the 
ground, 


where  they 
live,  like  a 
mole. 


18392 


18396 


18400 


18404 

['  me  tlian  St.] 
[5  have  St.] 


Tlieir  trea- 
sure and  joy 
is  all  in  eartli. 


Gold  is  their 
only  God. 


They  don't 
think,  when 
they  rot, 


[leaf  40,  back] 


what  their 
gold  '11  do 
for  em. 


492      Avarice  always  tries  to  get  goods,  ly  Lies  or  Games. 
[Tiberius,     '  Tliis  tliyng  to-ffome  I  kau  no^  sc,  [inatst.]  18408 

Avarice.        tfoi'  in  HO  tlljng  I  -  kaU  affje,  [»  I  St.,  tliat  I  Tib.] 


B 


But  gold  and  good  to  multeplye. 
Gold  is  Gold  is  my  ffod  and  my  Mawmet ;  18411 

her  god  and  •'    °  '' 

mawmet;        %  Aud  al  ou  gold  myne  lierte^  is  sette  ;       '^' ""[^"^[V'*''' '" 

ffor  golde,  I  dyde  fful  greet  offence, 
for  gold,         In  colvs  to  Toste  sevnt  Laurence. 

St.  Lawrence  '' 

was  roasted.      ^OV  he,  off  pite  (tllUS  it  stOod)  [St.  &  Tib.] 

3aue  the  tresoure  and  the  good  18416 

Off  holy  churche  ffor  almesse, 

To  pore  ffolkis  he''  ffoude  in  distresse.    [*  to  foike  that  he  St.] 
\^IUuimnationJ\ 
lUt  I,''  in  niyne  oppynyoun,       [^  ist.,  ow.Tib.] 
am  ^>  not  off  that  condicioun  :    [•*  am  St.,  i  am  Tib.] 
Her  work  is     To  getc  good  is  my  labouve,  18421 

to  fe-et  money,      .       , 

And  to  awmente  my  tresoure, 

And  (as  it  is  to  ffolke  fful  kouthe,) 

More  in  age  thaune  in  jouthe,  18424 

by  lying  or      gom  tyme  with  lesynges  and  with  ff ablys, 

Som  tyme  at"  chesse,  som  tyme  at  tablys,  ['  at  st.,  at  the  Tib.] 
[Tib.  leaf  11]   At  mcrcls  and  the  botevau??t, 

At  hasard  and  at^  [the]  devaunt,    [« at  St.,  om.  Tib.]    18428 

And  at  these  pleyes  euerychon, 
She  worships  My  mawmct  I  worschipe  euere  in  oon. 

her  mawmet.  _  '■ 

IT  ffor,  wher-so^  it  be  vyce  or  synne,      [» so  st.,  om.  Tib.] 
I  do  no  thyng  but  ffor  to  wynne ;  18432 

To  good  is  al-way  my  repayre, 

'  And,  ffor  my  Mawmet  is  so  ffayre, 

And  ffulff^dled  off^*^  alle  plesaunce,  ['"  wiihe  .St.] 

Do  ^1  ther-to  som  6bseruaunce,    [»  Do  st.,  To  do  Tib.]    1843G 

She  bids  me       And  knele  aUOOU  VDOU  thy  kuc,  [Stowe,  leaf  SIG] 

kneel  to  it,  . 

Lowely  to^-  his  deyte.  [i^vntost.] 

ffor,  buti3  thow  do  with-out[e]  more,  ^" Bu^ffoV.'.t'Tib'] 
Thow  schalt  abyggen  it  fful  sore  •  18440 

or  she'll  And  I  schal  ellys  verrey^^  the:  ['*  warreye  st.] 

worry  me. 

Thow  getcste  no  lenger  trewys  off  me.' 


The  pugrim.      ij  The  Pylgryme 

l\      ft'ul  cruelly,  as  by  batayle,  18444 

Alle  sodeynely  I  dyde  sen, 


Avarioe  A     Tsd  Avllile  Sclie  gaU  me^'^  aSSaylc    ["  me  Tib.,  me  to  st.] 

assails  mc.  '■  o  .; 


Youth  saves  me  from  Avarice's  attach.     I  enter  a  wood.     493 


18448 


[1  youtbe  St.] 


C*yfst.] 


1845G 


How  that  30uthe  wente  atwen, 
Bytwyxen  Avarise  and  me, 
Cryed  trewys,  and  bad  let  be. 

U  Than  jouthe  spak :  ^ 
'  ~r\*^  to  hym  no  vyolence, 

I  /     ffor  I  am  komen  in  his  diffence, 
Ageynse-  the  to  make  hym  stronge.       [^  agaynst  St.] 
Thow  schalt  to  hym  do  now  no  wronge,  18452 

(Thow^  thow  be  cruel  off  entent,)         [Hhowgiie  St.] 
While  that  I  am  here  present.' 

IT  Auaryce : 
'  ^Eue*  thow  ne  were  not  ffaste  by, 
t    Thow  myghtteste  truste  ffynaly, 
That  I  ffor  no  thyng  wolde  lette. 
But  that  I  Rchulde  vp-on  hym  sette. 

\_IUudration.'\ 
%  Thy  komynge  is  not  to  my  pay ; 
Thow  haste  me  lettyd  off  my  pray  j 
ffor  the  whiche,  I  am  ft'ul  wo  ; 
But  now  to  hym  I  may  nat  do, 
ffor  to  ffulffille  my  talent, 
While  thow  art  with  hym  present. 
But  go  thi  way,  and  late  hym  be, 
And  anoon  thow  schalt  wel  se, 
I  schal  hem  cacchen^  in  a  trappe, 
And  aresten  by  the  lappe, 
That  he  schal  not  skape  away 
ffro  my  daungere,  ^eue*'  I  may.'  [^yfst.] 

H  The  Pylgryme : 

AXd  Avhanne  that  I  was  at  my  large, 
And  thought  I  woldii  me'^  discharge,         18472 
ffrom  allii  daunger  to  go  ffre,  ['  me  St.,  not  Tib.] 

ffrom  Auaryce  at  lyberte, 
Thorough  helpe  and  ffavour  (in  this  cas) 


18460 


18464 


\}  cacben  St.,  caccbe  Tib.] 

18468 


Off  30uthe  that  my  guyde  was, 
I  wolde,  as  tlio,  no  lenger  byde. 
But  in-tawode^  there  bysyde 
I  entryd,  Avhiche  stood  ffaste^  by. 
And  as  I  wente,  alle  sodeynely 
I  herde  oon  wonder  lowde  crye. 


18476 


[8  into  a  wood  St.] 
[9  but  fast  St.] 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.) 
The  Pilyrim. 

'  Voulb '  in- 
tervenes. 
Touth 

bids  Avarice 
leave  me 
alone. 


Avarice 


[leaf  41,  back] 


doesn't  like 
this. 


as  slie  can't 
do  wliat  sbe 
wants  to  me. 


Sbe  hega 
'  Youth '  to 
depart, 

and  then 
she'll  trap 
me. 


The  Pilgrim. 


[leaf  42] 


I  enter  a 
wood. 


18480 


494     A  Messenger  lids  vie  come  and  speak  to  Ids  Mistress. 
[Tiberius,     And  afftir  me  gan  ffaste  hvm  hye, 

Avii.]  *^      .  J  J    J 

The  Pilgrim.  As  he  hddde  ben  in  a  rage, 

I  am  pursued  And  SO  straungB  was  liis  langago,  18484 

y  one  That  I  ne  vnderstood  hym  nought ; 

ffor  I  conceyued  in  my  thought,       [stowe,  leaf  sie,  back] 

How  he  that  affter  me  gan  gon  : 

fErenche  ^  nor  Latj'^n  he  Spak  noon.   \}  ffrenebs  Tib.,  Frenche  St.] 

And  in  his  hand  (I  was  wel  war,)  18489 

bearing  a        A.  nakvd  swerde  how  that  he  iDar, 

naked  sword,  -^  ' 

fful  scharpe  grownde  ffor  to  byte. 
And  redy  as  he  wolde  smyte,  18492 

who  bids  me    And  bade,  I  schulde  me  ffaste  dresse, 

speak  to  his  '  ' 

mistress.        Kome  to  speke  with  liis  INlaystresse. 

He  is  in  a  Amydde-  the  way,  vpon  a  lond,  [«andmydSt.] 

With-in  a  cercle  I  hym  ffond,  1849G 

\_Illa^traHon.'\ 
[ieaf42,back]  "T'TTIth-in  wliiche  (so  god  me  save,) 

f  f    I  sawgh  ff ul  many  a  ffygure  grave, 
fful  meruelous,  as  in  workynge  ; 

And  he  bare  armys  off  A  kynge,  18500 

Mid  carries  a    ^  Boxe,  lyche  a  Messangere. 

box  like  a  a      ,   ,  ^  t  it 

Messenger.      And  trewely,  as  1  neyghed  nere. 

By  sygues  that  I  dyde  se, 

I  wende  so  that  he  hadde  be,  18504 

.  Hopyuge  the  bette,  at  lyberte, 

ffrom  al  daunger  to  skape  ffre  : 

H  To  whom  I  spake  fful  boldely,  18507 

And  seyde,  "  I  merveyP  ryght  greetly     ^'  Tervefi'ecfTib.] 

That  thow  byddeste  me  ffaste  dresse 

ffor  to  kome  to  thi  maystresse ; 

And  by  no  tokene  that  I  kan  se, 

I  wote  not  what  sche  schulde  be ;  18512 

ffor  whiche,  I  preye  the  not  to  spare, 

Off  liir  the  maner  to  declare." 
He  shows  me  1[  And  he  to  me  in  wordes  ffewe, 

a  mansion. 

With  his  ffynger  gan  me  schewe  18516 

fful  ffaste  by,  a  mansyoun), 
like  a  pa-        Eyght  vp,  lyche  a  pdvyloun  ; 
with  a  Crow     And  on  the  pomel  (who  lyste  knowc) 

sittmg  above,  j.  \  j  / 

AVonder  hygh  ther  sate  a  Icrowe,  18520 


The  Schoolmistress  s  Pavilion  with  a  Crow  on  the  top  of  it.  495 


B 


Ilis  wliynges  splayynge  to  and  ffro  ; 

And  with  the  noyse  he  made  tho, 

The  messangere  gan  newe  abreyde, 

And  vn-to  me  ryght  thus  he  seyde  :  18524 

H  The  Messangere : 

►  yhoolde  3one  habytacyoun 

And  the  hyghe  ^  pdvylloun  :     [» Uyghe  St.,  hygu  Tib.] 
In  that  place  (I  dar  expresse) 

There  abydith  my  maystresse,  18528 

"WTiiche  cessith,  nowther  nyght  nor  day, 
To  teche  hir  scolers  what  sche  may, 
fful  many  wonderfful  lessouns, 

And  many  dyuerse  conchisyouns.  \Illustration.~\  18532 
*    A    JSTd,  therffore,  I  callyd  the, 
XX     That  thow  scholdeste  the  maner  se  [stowe,  leafsi?] 
Off  hir  scole,  and  knowe  it  offte. 

And  ifor  this  skele,  the  crowe  aloffte  18536 

Is  sette,  (3eue^  thow  kanste  espye,)  ['yfst.j 

Aff tir  hir  scolerys  fifor  to  crye ; 

That  fforby  passe,  bothe  este  and  west;  18539 

Therefore  sche  hath  made  there ^  hir  nest.'  \?  tiier  made  St.] 

IT  The  pylgryme : 
"/^Ertis  me  semyth  it  were  ffolye 

\_J   To  kome  there,  or  go  fforby, 
But  3eue  I  knewe  (in  sentence) 
What  doctryne  or  what  science, 
To  hir  scolers  sche  dothe  teche. 
Thereffore,  opunly  in  thy  speche, 
Declare  what  it  schulde  be, 
Or  ellys  I  wole  not  go  with  the." 

H  The  Messangere : 
^ '  A  yere,'  (\uod  he,  '  and  no  mo, 
ther  I  had  to  scole  go  ;  *  [*— *  st.,o»!.  Tib.] 

COuetyse,  off  entente, 
To  that  scole  sche  me  sente ; 
And  sothely,  as  it  semyth  me, 
So  I  trowe  sche  dyde  the.' 

IT  The  Pylgryme : 
"/^Ertcynely  that  is  not  so; 
\j     Though  sche  and  I  (bothe  two) 


18552 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
The  Pilgrim. 


The  Messeii' 
per 


declares  that 
there  his 
mistress 
teaches  her 
scholars. 


[leaf  43] 


18544 


18548 


whom  the 
Crow  calls  to 
her. 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  say  I  won't 
go  to  her  uu-, 
less  he  tells 
me  what 
slie'U  teach 
me. 


The  Metseu' 
ger 


[leaf  43,  bk.] 
says  Covet- 
ousiiess  sent 
him  to  that 
school. 


18556 


49G      The  School  of  Fortune.     How  Fortunes  are  predieted. 


[Tiberius, 
Avii.] 

The  Pilgrim. 

CovetovisnesB 
never  told  me 
of  the  School. 

The  Messen- 
ger. 


None  enter 
the  school 
unless  sent 
by  Covetous- 
ness. 


The  manner 
of  the  school. 


Its  specula- 
tive anil  prac- 
tical sides 
ditfer. 


One  wants  to 
get  dignity 
or  treasure, 

[Tib.  leaf  44] 


and  to  know 
one's  luck. 


The  Messen- 
ger makes  a 
circle  on  the 
ground, 
witli  char- 
acters and 
figures. 


T 


"  HadJe  I-ffere  longe  dalyaunce, 

Sclie  made  no^  maner  off  r^meiubraunce  [i  no  St.,  me  no  Tib.] 

Off  this  scole,  in  no  degre, 

Off  wliiclie  thow  spekist  oil'- to  me."    [=  off,  om.  St.]   18560 

IT  The  messangere : 

I  Han  I  dar  seyn    (as  thow  schalt  ffynde) 
That  it  was,  out  off  hyre  mynde  ] 
ffor  at  this  scole  ther  comyth  no  Avyght 
ffor  to  leernij,  day  nor  nyght,  18564 

But  jeue  that  he,  ffirste,  (off  entent,) 
Be  ffro  covetyse  I-sent. 

*3it  off  this  scole,  (jeue  thow  wylte  dweUe,) 
The  maner,  I  schal  the  telle  :  18568 

IT  ffirste,  whanne  I  was  heder  sent, 

I  Avolde,  by  som  experiment, 
Or  by  som  schorte  conclusyoun, 

Haue  preued^  out  my  lessoun;  [' provyd  st.]  18572 

ffor  speculatyff  and  the  practyk 

Off  this  scole  be  not  lyk  ; 

ffor  speculdtyft'  (in  sentence) 

With-outen  good  experience,  1857G 

Avaylith  lytle  or  ellis  nouglit. 

How  longe  euere  that  it  be  sought. 

II  Now  take  heede,  and  thow  schalt  se 

I  wolde  haue*  dygnyte,  [Miaaeast.j  18580 

Or  som  other  greet  tresour. 

And  ther-on  sette  my  labour ; 

And  wolde  knowe,  to'^  this  estat      [J^J^erJafaivS^]  ^ 

Wher  I  schal  be  ffortunat.  1858-t 

IF  ffirste,  with  my  swerd,  vp-on  tlie  ground 

I  make  a  cercle  large  and  round, 

With  karectis  and  with*'  ffygures,  [«\vitho)K.Tib.,  St.] 

And  knowe  not  the  ^ventures,  18588 

Nor  the  dirkenesse  hydde  with-Inne, 

Off  the  karectis,  whanne  I  gynne 

To  emprynte  :  al'^  they  be  sene,  [•  tyiist.] 

I  wote  neuere  what  they  meue ;  18592 


s 


YIllustration.^^ 
Aue  I  conyecte  yt  may  so  be, 
That  spiritis  scholdc  obeye  to^  me, 


[8  obey  St.] 


I  denounce,  the  folly  of  involdng  Spirits. 


497 


'A' 


'  By  my  ^  invocacyouus  ['  myne  St.] 

To  answere  to  my  questyouns,  1859G 

Swyclie  sperytis  as  I  kalle ; 

And  ^it  I  knowe  noon  off  hem  alle, 

Saue  off  entente,  as  tliow  mayste  se, 

That  they  schulde  graunte  me  18600 

Som  maner  gyffte,  or  som  gcrdoun, 

Concernynge  myn  oppynyoun, 

Ey  vertu  off  the  cercle  round, 

And  Carectis  graven  in  the  ground,  18604 

By  schewynge  or  by  Apparence, 

Affter  that  I  ^eue  credence.' 

IT  The  pylgryme : 

lie  that  thow  doste  specyffye. 
Is  but  ffalsehed  and  ffantesye  18608 

And  cursyd  ymagynacyoun, 
Brouth'-^  in  ffirste  by  Illusioun.  [^  brought  St.] 

"  This  scole  is  nought,  in  sotheffastenesse, 
Whos  doctryne  is  but  cursydnesse.  180 12 

The  scolers  there-off,  I  holde  hem  wood ; 
Swyche  spiritis  may  don  to  the  no  good ; 
And  jeue  thow  koudeste  the  trouthe  entende, 
Harme  they  may,  but  not  amende  :  18616 

They  wole  wyrke  in^  thi  damdge,  P  to  st.] 

But  no  thyng  to  thyue  avauntage, 
Who  that  kan  loke  wel  aboute. 

"  Also  thi  siluen"^  stante  in  doute   [*  my  seiffe  st.]  18620 
"Where-off  thi  cercle  scholdii  serue  ; 
And  thynges  that  thow  doste  obserue, 
Alle  is  but  ffoly  and  mysl)ylevc,^        [=  fais  beieve  st.] 
Towchynge  the  spiritis,  thow  mayste  wel  leve;     18624 
ffor  the  they  wyl  no  thynge  do  wel, 
ffor  they  the  louen  neuere  a  del." 

H  The  Messangere : 
'  T  Dar  afferme  (with-oute'^  slouthe)     [s  with-out  c,  St.] 

.J_  In  party  that  thow  haste  seyde  trouthe,        18628 
Excepte  oonly  (it  is  no  nay) 
In  many  thynges  they  helpe  may, 
A  man"  greetly  to  magnyffye,  [-  man  st.,  c.  buirdi 

Encresse  also,  and  multcplye,  [stowe,  leaf  sis]  18632 

PILGRIMAGE.  K  K 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
Necroman- 
cy's 
Messenger 

says  that,  by 
his  invoca- 
tions, spirits 
are  made  to 
answer  and 
obey. 


[leaf  It,  bk.] 


The  Pilftrim. 


I  declare  it  is 
all  falsehood. 


The  scholars 
are  mad ; 


the  spirits  do 
harm; 


all  is  folly. 


Necroman- 
cy's 
Jlessenffr'' 

confesses  that 
this  is  partly 
true. 


498 


Hoiv  the  Messenger  mahes  Spirits  ohe^^im. 


ITiberius, 

A  vii.J 
Necroman- 

ci/'s 
Messenger. 

[leaf  45] 
but  the 
spirits  must 
obey  the 
King. 

The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  the 

Messenger  by 
what  power 
he  compels 
the  Spirits. 


Necroman- 
ey's 

Meisenger. 


The  Pi! prim. 


Necroman- 
cy's 
Messnnner. 

He  says  they 
will  obey  him 


as  assuramg 
he  holds 
authority 
and  a  com- 
mission from 
the  King. 
[leaf  45,  bk.] 


Wlianne  they  be  c6nstreyned  to  do  so, 

And  haue  no  power  to  go  ther-ffro, 

Comaimded^  to  swyche  obseruaunce     ^'e'rZrTil?'' 

By  hym^  that  hatha  the  gouernaunce     [Uhsmst.]  18636 

I  mene  the  kyng,  to  whom,  eche  weye, 

Mawgre  ther  myght,  they  muste  obeye.' 

IT  The  Pylgryme : 
"  T  Conceyue,  and  se  wel  here, 

I  Thow  art  the  kynges  messangere,  18640 
By  the  amies  that  thow  dost  were, 

And  by  the  sygnes  I  se  the  here ; 

But  make  ^  demonstracyoun  ['  make  a  St.] 

To  me  off  thi  comyssyoun,  18644 

By  what  power  or  by  what  peyne 

That  thow  niayste*  hem  so  constreyne." 

II  The  Messangere :  i*  mayst  st.,  muste  Tib.] 


'C 


Ommyssyoun  I  haue  neue?'e  on ; 


18648 


And  trewely  I  dar  axe  non ; 
And  though  I  dyde  (as  thow  schalt  se) 
He  wolde  graunte  noon  to  me.' 

IF  The  Pylgryme : 
"  rBlHanne  wote  I  wel,  (jeue  it  be  sought,) 

I     ffor  the,  that  they  wole  do  ryght  nought."18652 

H  The  Messangere : 


H 


Ere  vp-on,  what  so  36  seye, 
Wote^  wel  they  Avole^  obeye 


that  they  will  St.] 

18656 


Pleynely  vnto  my  byddynge ;    ['  i  wott . . 
ffor  they  wene  that,  off  the  kynge 
I  hadde  fful  auctorite, 
Co??imyssyoun  and  fful  pouste. 
To  maken  them,  lyche^  myn  entent. 
To  6beye/  my  comaundement 
By  vertu  off  myn  orysoun,^ 
Karectys  and  coreiurysoun  ^ ;     [^  orisons . . 
ffor  drede  off  whiche,  (be  wel  certeyn,) 
I  knowe  they  dar  me  not  with-seyn.' 
IF  The  Pilgryme : 

'Her  thow  be  wel  or  yuel  apayd. 
Take  good  heed  what  thow  haste  sayd  : 
Thow  haste  ben  ffalse  in  thi  workyng, 


[6  lyke  St.] 
[7  or  t'obeye]    18660 

. .  comiHyssiona  St.] 

18664 


w 


I  say  Magical  Signs  and  Seals  are  Marks  of  the  Devil.  499 


"  And  wrongely  don  vn-to  thi  kyug  ;  18G68 

Wher-ffore  thow  slialt  I-ponysslied  ^  be      [i  punishid  St.] 

if  or  thi  greet  Inequyte,^  \}  iniquite  st.j 

To  make  spiritys  tlie  to  obeye,^  \}  tobbaye  St.] 

And  swyche  charges  on  hem  leye  18672 

By  disseyte  and  ifalse  tresoun, 

And,  haste*  no  co??tmyssi'oun  [*  bast  St.] 

ffor  the  to  schewe  on  see  nor  lond, 

And  haste ^  I-made  eke,  with  thyn  hand,  18676 

Ivarectis  and  cercle  round, 

And  compassid  it  vp-on  the  ground  ; 

And  art  so  blynd,  thow  kanste  not  seen,  [stowe,  leaf  sis,  bit.] 

On  no  party,  what  they  mene.  18680 

"And  swyche  karectis  (I  dar  wel  telle) 
Be  markis  off  the  deuel  off  lielle, 
ffirste  ordeyned  (who  kan  conceyue) 
Innocentis  to  disceyue,  18684 

And  thow  mayste  also  (trustii  me) 
There-with  thow  schalt  dysseyued  be  j 
ffor  this  selis,  thow  schalt  ffynde, 
Constreyne  the,  and  sorii  bynde  18688 

By  a  maner  Allyaunce 
To  do  the  deuel  swyche  obseruaunce 
Made  to  thi  conffusioun, 
As  bonde  or  oblygacyoun ; 
By  whiche  he  wole  (off  verrey  myght) 
Cleyme  the  his  man  off  ryght ; 
By  swyche  a  tytle,  make  hym  stronge. 

"  And  to  spiritis  thow  doste  greet  wronge, 
Hem  to  constreyne  in  thi  workynge 
To  brynge  th6  other  mennes  thynge, 
(Be  it  by  day,  be  it  by  nyght,) 

Vn-to  whiche  thow  haste  no  ryght ;  18700 

"Where-in  thow  art  greetly  ^  to  blame,    [?  gretiy  St.,  greet  Tib.] 
To  bydde  hem  in  the  kynges  name 
Or  constreyne  hem,  ageyne  resoun, 
By  karecte  or  byS  comyssyoun,  [^  by,  om.  St.]  18704 

To  robbe  or  steele,  to  thi  ffavour, 
Off  other  ffolkes  "^  ther  tresour,  ['  ffoiius  St.,  ffoike  Tib.] 
By  verrey  fforce,  ageyne  ^  ryght.  [8  agayust  st.j 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
The  Pilgrim. 

I  declare  the 
Messenger 
shall  be 
punished. 


He  has  done 
treason. 


His  char- 
acters are 
marks  of 
the  Devil. 


His  seals 
bind  liim  to 
do  the  Devil 
allegiaiiue. 


18692         [leaflG] 


18696     It  is  a  wrong 
against  the 
spirits 


to  constrain 
them  to  rob 
other  men's 
goods. 


iOO 


Tltc  Compamj  of  the   Users  of  Spirit-cov/juration. 


(Tiberius, 

A  vii.  ] 
Tlif  Pilurim, 

This  con- 
straining tlie 
Spirits  is 
wron}» 
towards  tlie 
Kintr. 


and  may  be 
reqnited  in 
liell. 


[leaf  40,  Ilk.] 
NecromaH- 


Tliese  words 
aflfright  tlie 
messenger ; 


hnt  lie  is  one 
only  of  a 
great  com- 
pany : 


Solomon, 

Virgil, 

Cyprian, 
Alielard, 
all  used  this 
art. 


Magic  is  not 
o  dangerous 


"  And  jeue  thow  loke  aboutii^  ryght,    [' about  Tib.,  st.] 
To  the  kyng,  vsynge  this  vice,  18709 

Thow  doste  if  ul  greet  preivdice  -         [=  preiudice  st.] 
Ageyne  his  laweif  ul  ordynaunce, 

Where  it  is  boden^  (in  substaunce)        [^bodynst.]  18712 
And  dyffendid,  (who  kan  espye,) 
Alle  maner  theffte  and  robrye,^  [*  robery  St.] 

In  peyne  off  deth  :  take  heede  her-to, 
And  with-drawe  thyne  hand  ther-flro  18716 

With  al  tlii  myght  and  al  thy  peyne. 
Thow  standeste^  in  daunger  atwene  tweyne;    [Sstanstst.] 
Outher  oif  God  or  oif  Sathan 

Thow  art  off  the  leegii  man  ;  18720 

And  therffore,  ffor  to  lyue  in  reste, 
Leeue  the  worste,  and  cheese  the  beste ; 
ifor  (schortly  I  schal  devyse,) 

Thow  schalt  be  quytte  lyke  tlii  servyse,  18724 

In  hellii  with  dampnacyoun, 
Or  henene,  to  thi  savacioun."  [c.  &  st.] 

IT  The  Messangere : 
'/^F  thy  wordiis  I'^  take  hede,  [« words  when  i  st.] 
\J  They  putte  me^  in  fful  greet  dredc  :  18728 

Bnt,  o  thyng  comfforteth  me,      ['  me  St.,  me  not  Tib.] 
AVhanne  that  I  considere  and  se 
There  is  so  greet  a  company e,  [stowe,  leafsio] 

Me  to  susteyne  in  ray  ffolye,  18732 

Off  ffolkis  that  to-ifornc  liaue  be 
Oil  wonder  greet  autoryte, 
As  whylom  was  kyng  Salamou.», 
And  Virgyle,  off  greet  renoun,  18736 

Cypryan  and  Albalart, 
And  many  an-other  in  this  art, 
Maystres  by  experyence, 
And  hadde  also  ther-to  lycence 
(With-outen^  eny  noyse  or  stryffe,) 
Ifor  to  vse  it  al  her  lytfe. 

'  And  this  ilke  crafftc  also 
(Who  that  takyth  heed  ther-to,)  18744 

Is  not  in  rewarde  so  perillous, 
Drcdcfful,  nor  superstycious, 


[Tib.  &  C] 

18740 

[S  outen  St.,  out  Tib.] 


/  refuse  to  go  to  the  Messenger's  Mistress,  Nccromaney.    501 


18748 


[»  decrert  St.] 
[8  full  of  St.] 


18752 


1875G 


[Tib.  &.  St.] 


P  tapi'oche  St.] 


'  As  som  craff  tis  that  haue  be  do 
With  sacriffyce,  and  eke  also 
"With  obseruaunces,  vpon  mownteynes, 
In  deserte/  and  eke  in  pleynes, 
And  in  placis  fful^  savage, 
Solytarye,  and  ii"ul  off  rage, 
That,  alle  the  .nianer  tibr  to  nou?>tbre, 
It  wolde  a  man  greetly  enconibre, 
As  thow  schalt  se  and  knowe  anon 
3eiie  thow  lyste  with  me  to  gon ; 
And  ffynally,  thi  pas  to  dresse 
To  hir  that  is  the  chett'  maystresse 
Oif  alle  this  thyng  that  I  haue  tolde, 
That,  3eue  thow  be  hardy  and  bolde 
Ifor  to  prochc^  to  hir  })resence, 
Thow  schalt  haue  fful  experj^ence.' 

IT  The  Pylgryme : 
"  rilHat  euere  I  sclmldii  this  thyng  se,*  [*  sbuW . .  yse  st.] 
I      God,  off  his  grace,  dytfendij  me ;  187G-4 

And  he  be  my  proteccyoun 
Fro'^  thylkii  habytacyoun  !  ['  fio  St., :-  tiix] 

ffor,  by  opene  evidence, 

And  by  recorde  off  thi  sentence,  18768 

Thilkti  place,  with-outc''  wene,      ['Mvitu  o>it  Tib.,  st.] 
To  good"  it  doth  no-thyng  jiartene  ;  ["  yoa  st.] 

ffor,  by  the  crowe  that  sytte  aloft'te, 
Makyth  noyse  and  cryeth  offte. 
It  schewith  wel  how  thylkii  place 
Is  devoyde,  and  ffer  ffro  grace. 
And  longeth  (as  I  reherse  kan) 
To  the  Deuel  and  to  Sathan  ; 
ffor,  save  the  Deuel,  noon  other  wyght 
Hathe  power  there,  off  verray  ryght. 
Therffore  I  wole  me  holden  heere, 
And  to  that  place  kome  noon  nere ; 
And  trewely,  (to  my  devys,) 
Thi-silff  also  (3eue  thow  be  Avys,) 
Thow  schalt  wysely  Avith-drawe  the. 
And  abyde^  here  with  me 
ff'or  thyne  ownc  avauntage, 


[Tiberius, 
A  vii.] 

Ni'cromau- 

MeimeHjjer. 

as  sacrificial 
rites  ill  wild 
spots. 


Tlie  Messen- 
ger bids  me 
go  to  liis 
Mistress. 


18760         [leaf  47] 


rhr  Vihirim. 


God  forbid  1 
I  say ; 


18^ 


18776 


18780 


[Stowe,  leaf  319,  back] 
[SabydeiiSt.]    18784 


for,  by  tlie 
crow  wbicli 
sits  aloft  oil 
her  pavilion. 


tlic  place 
belongs  to 
Satan, 


and  I  will  not 

go  to  it, 


502      TJiC  Duke  toho  inefcrd  to  he  damnd  loith  the  Majority. 
[Tiberius,      "  Lestc  it  tume  to  till  damage  ; 

A  vii.] 

The  Pilgrim,  ^oi")  who  gotliG  to  that  mancyoun, 
for  it  means     Gothe  stieytte  to  his  destruccjoun,  18788 

destruction.        a      ,  i         i  i      fi»    i 

As  tlier  liaue  do  rtui  many  oou, 
Wliiche  here-to-fforne  haue  theder  gon, 
Eesemblynge  (as  I  kan  devyse)  18791 

To  hym  that  was  the  Duke  of^  Fryse,     [lofst.,  ow.Tib.] 
[leaf  47.  back]  Whiche,  whanne  he  shuld  ha  be  baptisyd,     [Tib.  &st.] 

story  of  the        /y         ,  .,  j  j 

duke  of  (in  storye  as  it  ys  devysed, 

as  he  was  to'    And  as  bokes  kan  wel  telle,) 

be  baptisd, 

and  had  one     His  0  ffoot  was  putte  in  the  welle,  18796 

foot  in  the  _     _ 

well,  drew  it    Xo  haue  recev ved  cristis  lawe, 

out  on  J  J 

hearing  jg^t  \^q  {n.  haste  gan  it  with-drawe ; 

Ylllustration.'\ 

FOr  hym  thought  he  herde  a  cry, 
That  affermed  certeynely,  1 8800 

ffor  synne  and  ffor  Inyquyte, 
that  more       How  mo  if  olke  schuldc  dampned  be 

foHc  would  go  '■ 

to  Hell  than     At  the  dav  off  lugement, 

Heaven,  •'  '-'  ' 

Gon  to  helle,  there  to  be  brent,  18804 

3e  mo  (as  in  comparisoun) 
Thanne  ffolk  ffor  ther  savacyoun 
Scholde  that  day  receyued  be, 

To  dwelle  in  heuene,  that  ffayre  cyte.  18808 

H  But  this  duke,  hym-silff  to  encombre,"   ["  tencomber  st.] 
and  said  he      Sovde''  with  the  gretteste  nowmbre,  psi-ydst.] 

proferd  lieing  *'  ^ 

damnd  with       And  Woldti  gO,*  thorOUgll  llis  ffolye,         [Mie  would  go  St.] 

the  majority.  °    '  °  "^    ' 

And  with  hem  holde^  companye,  [^kepest.]  18812 

There-with  afferniynge,  in  his  thought, 

That,  olf  baptysme,  he  sette^  nought.         [^settst.] 

ffor  whiche,  me  semeth  it  were  ffolyc, 

The  to  halden  companye  18816 

[leaf  48]       With  swyche  ff olke  in  thyn  entent,  [Tib.  &  St.] 

Off  whiche  affter  thow  schalt  repente. 
Surely  Solo-         "  ffor  I  suppose  that  Salamouii 
ere  he  died,      (Off  whom  tliow  madest  mencyoun)  18820 

Wher  in-ffectte,  or  hadde  his  parte, 

In  his  dayes,  off  swyche  arte, 

As  som  ffolk  seyne,  (who  kan  entende,) 

That  hym-silffe  he  dyde  amende  18824 


18836 


18839 

[1  what  that  St.] 


Necromancy's  Messenger  refuses  to  repent. 

"  Off  that  and  many  another  thyng, 

To-ffore  the  hour  off  his  deiyng, 

And  resceyued  was  to  grace, 

And  hath  in  heuene  a  dwellynge  place.  18828 

%  And  semblabely,  the  tother  man, 

The  grete  clerke  callyd  Cypryan, 

To-fforne  his  deth,  lyste  to  fforsako 

This  craft'te,  and  ffor  Crystis  sake,  18832 

Suffred  (as  made  is  mencyoun)  [stowe,  jeaf32o] 

Martirdam  and  passyoim, 

And  is  in  heuene  stelleffyed, 

And  with  seyntis  gloreffyed. 

IT  Take  heede  to  hem,  by  reed  off  me, 

And  not  to  hem  that  dampned  be. 

Tlienke  on  hem  that  ben  in  blysse ; 

And  where  as^  thow  haste  don  aniyssc, 

With-drawe  thy  ffoot,  and  do  penaunce, 

And  haue  in  herte  repentaunce." 

H  The  Messangere : 

|Ertys,'  quod  he  ('  361x0  thow  lyste  se,) 

That  thow  seyste,  ne  may  not  be.  188-4-1 

Though  thyne  argumente  be  stronge, 
At  that  scole  I  haue  ben  longe, 
And  ft'ul  wel  lerned  my  lessoun ; 

And  by  sodeyne  departysoun,  18848 

(Who  takyth  heede,  it  is  no  nay,) 
So  sone  I  may  not  part  away,  [Tib.  &  st.] 

As 2  I  kan  not  (in  myne  entente)  [-'Ami St.] 

ffynde  in  myne  herte  to  repente,  18852 

Nor  to  departe  vp-on  no  syde  ; 
I  am  with-hoolde ;  I  muste  abyde, 
With  other  scolers  mo  than  oon, 

Whiche  that  there  to  scole  goon,  18856 

As  ffolke  may  sen  ther,  gret  ffoysoun. 

'  And  eke  my  skrippe  and  my  bordoun 
Ben  I-leffte  in  that  hostage, 

And  lyne  in  maner  off  morgage  ;  [Tib.&  St.]  188G0 

And  I  ne  may  not  hem^  recure  ;  \?  them  nat  st.] 

And  also  (as*  I  the  ensure)  [*eiiest.] 

I  gyue  no  f orce,^  in  certeyn,  \}  fors  St.] 


C^ 


50i 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
The  PUijrim. 


and  went  to 
heaven ; 


Cyprian  also 
forsook  this 
craft. 


anil  auft'ered 
as  a  martyr. 


Look  to  the 
Saints,  and 
not  the 
Damnd ! 


Necroman- 
ctj's 

Messenger. 


The  messen- 
ger has  been 
long  at  this 
School  of 
Commerce 
with  Spirits, 
and  will  not 
leave  it. 

[leaf  48,  back] 


His  scrip 
and  staff  ai'e 
tliere. 


504 


[Tiberius. 

A  vii.] 
The  Pilgrim. 


I  think  I'd 
better  run 
away. 


The  Messen- 
ger calls  on 
his  mistress, 
Necromancy, 
to  fall  upon 
ine. 


She  comes 
after  me. 


[leaf  49] 

She  has  a 
Sworil 


and  big 
WinL's. 


She  bids  me 
stay  and  see 
her  craft. 


She  sits  high 
upon  a  tree. 


Her  name 
is  '  Necro- 
mancy.' 


Necromancy:  her  Svjord  in  a  Booh;  her   Wings. 

'  Tliough  I  neuere  licm  liaue  ageyn.'  18864 

IF  The  Pylgryme : 

ANd  whanne  that  I  these  wordes  herde, 
In  maner  ^  trewely  I  ffeixie     \}  St.,  Tib.  buird-] 
As  though  I  hadde  astonyed  be ; 

And,  as  it  semed  vn-to  me,  18868 

I  stood  in  a  pej'elous^  cas.  [^  periiious  St.] 

And  therffore  I  abasched  was, 
And  sawe  no  bette  reffute  to  me, 

But  ffro  that  place  ffor  to  ffle  ;  18872 

ffor  he  (schortely,  in  sentence) 
To  Avhome  I  neuere  dyde  oif  ence. 
Me  to  bryngen  in-to^  distresse,  P  in  St.] 

Gan  to  callen  his  maystresse  18876 

To  kome  vpon  ^  me  in  greet  rape,     [*  vpon  St.,  on  Tib.] 
That  I  schulde  hir  not  escape. 

And  sche,  off  ffalse  entencyoun, 
Kam  out  oif  hir  pavilloun'^  [s  lavyiyon  St.]  18880 

Aiiter  me,  that  I  Avente  abak, 
Hydous  oil  look,  oolde  and  blak, 

Oif  whom  I  greetlyS  Avas  aiferd.  U'  gretiy  i  St.]  18883 

In  the^  mydde  off  a  book,  sche  heckle  a  swerd ; 

Other  scawberk  hadde  sche  noon  ;      ['  in  the,  om.  st.] 

And,  as  I  byhelde  anoon, 

Sche  hadde  (in  sothe,  as  thoughte^  me)  tpX«fht"ib.,^S^ 

Large  whyngiis  fibr  to  flfl.e.  18888 

IT  And,  by  a  maner  ffelonye, 

Sche  gan  loudii  ffor  to  crye ; 

And,  me  manasynge  off  pryde. 

Bad  me  that  I  schulde  abyde ;  18892 

And  ellis,  mawgrey  al  my  myght, 

I  schulde  not  skape  out  off  hir^  syght         [» his  St.] 

Til  I  haddli  in  partye 

Somwhat  seyne  off  hir  maystrye.  1889G 

And  towarde  me  hir  look  sche  caste. 

And  gan  to  come  vp-on  fful  ffaste ; 

But  as  sche  kam,  it  semptli  me, 

That  sche  sate  hygh  vp-on  a  tre,  18900 

And  pleynely  gan  to  speceffye, 

llir  name  was  *  Nygrdmauncye,' 


Her  hooJc,  '  Death  of  the  Soul.'    J  meet  the  hay  '  Heresy.'     505 


[Ilhistration.]  [Tiberius, 

WHiche,  by  my  craffte^  (in  substaunce)  U  be  craft  st.]    ^,^^  pugrim. 
Kan  ffolke  encresse,  and  wel  avaimce,   18904  . 
That  ben  in  my  subieccyoun 
And  lyste  to  leerne  my  lessoun. 

-This  ilke  book  that  thou^  Wolte  Se,     [nhat  thou  om.  Tib.]  [leaf  lO, back] 

Is  I-callyd  Mors  Anime,  18908 

"Whiche  is  in  englysche  (ffor  to  seyn,) 
'  Dethe  off  the  sowle,'  in  certeyn. 

And  this  nakyd  swerd  whiche  I  hoolde, 
(As  thow  mayste  thi  silffe  byholde,)  18912 

Thero-with  (ffor  schorto  conckisyoun,) 
Whanne  thow  haste  herde  my  lessoun  ,2 
There-with  thow  schalt  yslaynii*  be.    [*  ysiayn  St.,  siayne  Tib.] 


Her  book  is 
called  '  Mors 
Aniuise," 

•  Death  of  the- 
Soul." 


18916 


18920 


[5  longe  St.] 


[6  a  St.] 


And  thus  sche  gan  manassii  me, 
Where-off  I  stood  in  ft'ul  greet  drede ; 
But  off  grace,  (as  I  toke  hede) 
A  white  doAvue  I  dyde  se 
ffleen  sodeynely  towardiis  me  ; 
Ikit  with  me,  where  as  I  stood, 
Sche  ne  made  no  lenger^  abood. 
And  I  ne  made  no  greet  delay, 
But  wentii  fforthe  vp-on  my  way  ; 
And  I  mette  (or  I  was  war) 
An  oolde  oon,  whiche  tliat^  ffagot  bar 
Vpon  hir  bak,  and  eke  therto. 
In  hir  hand  sche  heelde  also 
A  peyrii  cysours  scharpe  I-grownde. 
And,  to  me-ward  as  sche  was  bounde, 
Sche  bad  (ffor  schorte  conclusyoun) 
ffor  to  leye  my  skryppe  adoun ; 
And  gan  vp-on  me  ffor  to  ffrowne, 
Lowde  cryed,  hir  lyste  not  rowne  : 

H  Heresye : 
'  Tj^Oi"  but  thow  leyii  here  adoun, 

1  I  schal,  to  thi  conffusyoun, 
Scliape  thi  skryppe  off  newe  array, 
ffor  it  is  not  to  my  pay ; 


-— -  om.  St.     The  <:;ood  old  tailor's   eye  caught  the   second 
'  lesson,'  1.  18914,  in  his  MS.  instead  of  the  first,  1.  1S90(J. 


When  I  have 
learnt  her 
lesson,  her 
sword  shall 
slay  ine. 

She  threatens 
me. 


The  dove 
agaiu  saves 
me. 


18924    and  I  depart. 

I  meet  an  old 

hag, 

'  Heresy, 


18928 


18932 


who  bids  me 
lay  down  my 
scrip, 


18936 


or  it  will 
be  shaped 
otherwise 
for  me. 


506 


Heresy  formd  Pelagians,  Arians,  and  other  Sects. 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 

The  Pilgrim. 

[leaf  50] 


I  refuse  to 
obey  her  until 
I  know  her 
authority. 


Heresy. 


[leaf  50,  back] 

She  first 
shaped  the 
scrip  of  Pe- 
lagians anil 
Arians. 


Her  name  is 
'  Heresy.' 


Her  business. 


Had  it  not 
been  for  the 
Nicean  Coun- 
cil, and 
Coiistantine, 
and  Augus- 
tine, 


TTW 


18944 

[Stowe,  leaf  321] 


18948 


F 


'  I  schal  it  kutte  in  other  wyse, 

Lyche  as  my-syluen  lyste  devyse.*  18940 

^Illustration.^ 

U  The  Pylgryme : 

I  How  oolde  vekke,  as  semeth  me, 
That  thow  mayste  not  clerely  se ; 
Wlierffore  me  lyste,  by  thi  byddynge, 
ffor  to  do  no  maner  thyng, 
But  ^eue  to-fforne  I  knowe  and  se 
Thy  powere  and  thyn  autorite  ; 
Thy  Avorke  also,  and  thyne  office, 
I  wole  ffirste  knowe  in  myn  avyce." 
[Illustration.^ 

Heresie :  [st.,  om.  Tib.] 

I  Or  pleyniily,  off  lasse  and  more, 
Evene  afftir  my  ffadris  lore, 
I  wole  (off  bothe^  ffalse  and  trewe,)       [' botheofst.] 
The  skrippes  kutte  and  schapti  newe,  18952 

Off  pylgrymes  greet  and  smale, 
Kutte  hem  alle  on  pecys  smale  ; 
ffor  it  was  I,  my-silffe  allon, 

That  schope  the  skryppes  ^ore  agon  ;  18956 

ffirste,  off  this  Pellagyens, 
And  also  off  these  Arryens, 
And  off  other  sectys  newe, 
ffounde  ffalse,  and^  vntrewe, 
As  oolde  bokes  speciffye ; 
ffor  I  am  callyd  '  Heresye,' 
The  whiche  do  alwey^  my  labour 
To  bryngij  ffolke  in  greet  errour, 
That  ffolwe*  my  condissiouns  ;     [♦  foiow  st.,  ffoike  Tib.] 
Only  by  ffalse  oppynyouns, 
Make  her  hertis  to  declyne 

ffro  the  trouthe  off  luste  doctryne,  18968 

And  cause  hem  ffor  to  don  ther  cure. 
And  amys  to^  expowne  hooly  scripture.  [^Amyssi.] 

'  And,  trewely,  nadde  bene 
The  greetii^  counceyle  atx^ycene,  [« greet  xib.,  gret  st.j  18972 
Ordeyned  by  greet  Coustantyn, 
And  nadde  ben  also  Augustyn 


[2  and  full  St.]    18960 


[3  all  ways  St.,  awey  Tib.] 

18964 


Heresy  threatens  me,  and  her  Father  hars  my  way. 


)07 


[itamiUSt.]    18976 


18980 


18983 

[2  that  om.  St.] 


18988 


'  And  many  other  greet  doctours 
if  or  to  anuUe^  myn  errours, 
The  skryppes  off  holy  churche  echon, 
I  hadde  ffor-don  (iful  3ore  agoon,) 
Off  pylgrymes  that  passe  by  the  way, 
Sythen  goon  fful  many  a  day. 

'  And  3it  I  schal,  what  so  byffalle, 
Assayle  th^  amonge  hem  alle, 
And  myn  ooldii  purpos  holde, 
In  ffyre,  though  that^  I  brenne  schulde, 
I  wole  my  wyttes  alle  applye, 
Hardyd  with  obstynacye, 
Contynue  til  the  ffyre  be  hoot ; 
Therffore  I  here  this  ffagot. 

'  And  ffirste,  thow  schalt  me  not  escape, 
But  news  I  wole  thy  skryppes  schape, 
Or  ellis  I  dar  vndirtake 

Thit  thow  schalt  it  here  fforsake,  18992 

And  leve  it  with  me  vtterly  ^ :  P  entteriy  St.] 

My  ffader  is  here  ffaste  by,  [Stowe,  leaf 321,  back] 

Whiche  hathe  power  (as  thoAV  mayste  se) 
And*  bothe  vp-on  londe  and  see,  [*yest.]  18996 

Thow  schalt  not  skape  hyni  (in  certeyne,) 
But  with  daunger  and  greet  peyne.' 

^  The  Pylgryme : 

Myne  eyen  tho^  I  gan  vnffolde, 
And  anoon  I  gan  byholde 
In  the  weye  me  byfforne, 
An  hunte  stoode^  with  his  hprne. 
Off  chere  and  looke''  ryght  pervers. 
And  the  passage,  in  travers, 
With  cordes  he  gan  it  ouere-leyne, 
ffrette  with  nettys  alle  the  pleyne. 

And  he  brought  in  his  companye 
The  ffalse  vekke  Heresye. 
And,  that  men  schu.lde  hym  wel  knowe, 
His  home  he  gan  fful  lowde  blowe ; 
As  it  were  to  catche  his  pray, 

Eyght  so  he  blewe  on^  the  way,        [^biew  vpon  St.]  19012 
[Illustration.] 


[Tiberius, 
A  vii.] 
Heresif. 

the  Borips  of 
Holy  Church 
had  been 
destroyed 
long  ago. 


She  will 
attack  me. 


[leaf  51] 
and  reshape 
my  scrips. 


[5  then  St.] 

19000 

["  stood  Tib.,  stode  St.] 
[7  look  Tib.,  loke  St.] 

19004 


19008 


I  shall  not 
escape  lier 
father,  Satan. 

The  Pilgrim. 


I  see  him,  a 
hunter  with 
his  horn. 


who  strews 
the  plain 
with  nets. 


and  blows  his 
horn. 


508 


Heresy's  Father  sets  nets,  hooks,  mid  lines  foi'  me. 


[Tiberius, 

Avu.] 
The  Pilprim. 

[leaf  51,  bk.] 
He  is  Here- 
sy's father, 
and  bars  my 
passage. 

The  nets  are 
so  close  that 
no  one  can 
escape. 


Swimming  is 
tile  only  way 
out. 


[leaf  52] 


The  Pifffrtm. 

I  ask  the 
Hunter  what 
Officer  he  is, 
wlio  snares 
the  King's 
iininials. 


[♦yilTthatTib.,  yfSt.] 

19025 


19028 


Bad^  his  dougliter  Heresye,  ['  bad  St.,  And  Tib.] 

The  passage  so  to-  kepe  and  guye,    ["  so  to  St.,  to  thj.] 

That  I  scholde  not,  in  no  syde, 

ffi'om  ther  damage  my  sylife  provyde.  19016 

And  trewely  (as  I  haue  sayd) 

The  nettys  were  so  narewe  layd, 

On  3  lond,  on  water,  and  in  the  hayr,   p  on  St.,  in  Tib.] 

That  I  myght  haue  no  repay r  19020 

To  passii  fEreely  that  passage. 

It  was  so  fful  off  mortal  rage, 

Oif  daiinger  and  adversite, 

That,  but  yiff*  I  amydde  the  see 

Durstii  swymme,  ther  was  no  way 

ffor  me  to  passii,  nyglit  nor  day. 

And  there  he  dyde  also  malygue 
To  leyne  out  nettys,  and  assigne, 
There  to  stoppen  my  passdge  ; 
So  that  I  ft'onde  noon  avauntage, 
ffrom  his  dawngere  to  declyne ; 
ffor  many  an  hook  and  many  a  lyne 
Were  caste  in-to^  that  peryllous  se, 
Off  entente  to  letten  me ; 
[Illmfnifioit.] 

THat,  mawgre  alle  my  fforce  and  myght, 
But  ^eue  I  kowde  swymme  aryght 
Amonge  the  wawys  ffeerse  and  ffelle, 
I  muste  vndir  his  dawnger  dwelle. 

But  ffirste,  while  he  his  trappys  leyde,         [C  &  Tib.] 
Vnto'^  the  huntii  thus  I  sayde  :         U'St-.TWubinni]   19010 
The  Pylgryme : 

"vnte,"  quod  I,  "  telle  me  now, 
AYhat  maner  officere  arthow,^    [?arttoust.] 
"Whiche  [thus]  lyggeste  on  the  way, 
Vnlaweffully^  to  cacche  pray,  [» vniawfuUy  st.,  vniawufuu  tik] 


19032 


I'  in  St.] 


19036 


H 


Thus  to  make  thyne  arestis, 
Namely  on  the  kynges  beestis  1 
I  trowe  thow  haueste  no  lycence 
ffor  to  don  so  greet  oft'ence ; 
I  dar  aft'erme  (ecrly  and  late), 
Swychc  hunters,  the  kyng  doth  hate  ; 


19045 


[Stowe,  leaf  322] 


19018 


I  see  Pilgrims  snjimming  in  the  sea,  some  iqjsidc  down.  509 


"  And  it  semyth,  by  thi  manere, 

Off  his,  thow  art  noon  officere."  19052 

HThehunte^:  n  imntar  st.] 

aYod  he,  '  what  makystetow  swyche  stryff  1 
Tliow  art  Avonder  Inquysytyff, 
Eesy  also,  by  argument, 

To  hoolde  with  me  a  parlement,  19056 

By  langage,  and  longe  pletyng  ; 
ffor,  though  I  longe  not  to  the  kyng, 
(And  thow  conceyue  aryght  I-wys,) 
Som  tyme  I  was  oon  off  his ;  190G0 

And  though  I  haue  no  conge  ^  p  liberie  St.] 

Off  hym,  to  hunte  in  this  contr6, 
He  suffryth  me  here,  in  tliis  place, 
At  his  beestis  ffor  to  chace,  19064 

And  assaute  on  hem  to  make. 
And  wlianne  that  I  by  fforce  hem  take, 
Be  it  by  day,  be  it  by  nyght, 

I  cleymc  hem  to  ben  myn  off  ryght.'  19068 

II  The  Pylgryme : 

ANd  while  I  herde  alle  his  resouns 
And  ffrowarde  oppynyouns, 
Myne  herte  abaschyd,  gan  to  colde, 
Namely  Avhanne  I  gan  byholde  19072 

Pylgrymes,  by  greet  aduersite, 
fful  many  oon  swymme^  in  the  see ;   [^  swymmen  st.] 
And  they  were  clothyd  euerychon. 
And  som  off  hem,  I  sawe  anoon,  19076 

Ther  ffeet  reversed  vp  so  doun  ; 
And  som  (in  myn  inspeccyoun) 
Swo??ime  fforth  ft'ul  euene  and*  ryght ;         [+ast.] 
And  som  hadde  whynges  ffor  the  ffiyght,  19080 

That  afforcyd^  hem  silff  fful  offte  [^  offeryd  St.] 

For  to  fflowe^  fful  hygh  alloffte.  [« for  taflowe  St.] 
And  though  ther''  purpos  was  so  sette,  [Uhest.] 
The  see  hath  hem  fful  offte  lette ;  19084 

[Illustrafio7i.^ 

SOmme,  by  the  ffeet  were  bounde  stronge 
With  knottys,  off^  herbis  longe  ;     [s  of  the  st.] 
And  sommc,  with  wawes  wood  and  rage, 


[Tiberius. 
A  vii.l 


The  Hunter, 

Satan, 

IHeresy's 

father. 


says  lie  was 
once  an 
officer  of  the 
King, 


and  now 
hunts  on  hia 
own  author- 
ity. 


[leaf  52,  bk.] 


I  am  cast 
down,  and 
see  many 
pilgrims  in 
great  ad- 
versity in  the 
sea, 

with  their 
clothes  on, 
and  some 
with  their 
feet  in  the 
air. 


while  others 
have  wings  J 


others'  feet 
are  clogd 
with  weeds. 


510        The  Sea  is  the   World,  in  which  Pride  wrecks  men. 


[Tiberius, 
Avii.) 

[leaf  58] 
The  Pilgrim. 

The  sad  state 
of  Pilgrims. 


The  Hunter, 
Satan, 


tells  me  that 
many  snares 
are  laid  for 
me. 


The  Pilorim. 


I  ask  who 
put  the 
pilgrims  in 
tlie  sea. 
The  Hunter 

says  that 


Were  ysmyttMn  ther  vysage,  [' St.,  Tib.  6;«»-d]  19088 

That  tliey  losteii  look  and  syght, 

And  ffeble  were^  off  fforce  and  myglit :     ['wexst.j 

And,  by  dyuerse  dpparaylle, 

The  rage  so  gan  hem  assay le,  19092 

In  many  another  dyuerse  wyse, 

Mo  than  I  may  as  now  devyse. 

The  Hunte :  ^  [^  huntar  st.] 

*  TT  Do  ff  ul  Avel,'  quod  he,*  *  espye   [*  qwod  he  fuu  weii  st.] 

I    Where-on  thow  castyste  so  thyne  eye.  19096 

ffor  alle  thy  wyles  and  thi  Jape, 
Thow  schalt  not  so  ffro  me  eskape ;    [stowe,  leaf  322,  back] 
I  schal  the  cacche  by  som  crook  ; 
I  haue  leyde  ffor  the,  las  and  hook, 
As  thow  mayste  thy-syluen  se  : 
Thow  schalt  not  skapen  by  this  see.' 

H  The  Pylgryme : 

(Elle  me  anoon,  and  lye  nought. 
As  it  lythe,  ryght  in  thy  thought, 
These  pylgrymes  aUe  that  I  se, 
AVho  hathe  thus  putte  hem  in  thys^  see?"      [niiyst.] 

H  The  hunte : 


19100 


T 


19104 


TS  not  this,'  quod  he  anoon, 


'An  hyghe'^  way  ffor  ffolke  to  goon 
Therby,  alle  day  in  ther  vyage,  [« hyghe  St.,  hygh  Tib.]  19109 
Swyche  as  goon  on  pilgrymage  1 
I  hadde  not  ellis  (as  I  haue  seyde) 
Myne  hookys  and  my  nettys  leyde,  19112 

To  cacchen  alle  in  this  place 
ffolke  that  fforby  here  do  pace ; 

[leaf  53,  bk.]     ffor  this  greete  "^  large  see  ['  greet  Tib.,  gret  St.] 

Whiche  that  thow  here  doste  se,'  19116 

It  is  the  world,  ay  fful  off  trowble, 

fful  off  many  wawys  dowble. 

And  fful  off  woo  and  greet  torment, 

In  whiche  fful  many  a  man  is  scheut,  19120 

AVith  bellewys  blowe  on  euery  syde, 

Which  that  myne  ownii  doubter,  Pryde, 

Is  wontii,  with  hir  ffor  to  here, 

Good  pylgrymes  ffor  to  dere.  19124 


the  sea  is 
the  world,' 
full  of 
trouble, 


in  which 
Pride  wrecks 
many. 


Covetousness  drowns  folk.  The  Contemplative.  ^  Ortigometra.'  511 


'  And  many  a  pylgryme  thow  mayste  se 
Swymme  in  this  pe^-elous  see  : 
S6??ime  off  hem,  (whiche  is  not  ffeyre,) 
Ther  ffeet  han  vpwarde  in  the  ayre  ^ ;     nimyrst.]  19128 
And  allii  swyche  (^eue  thow  lyste  se) 
Ben  thylke  ffolke  that  charged  be 
With  the  sale  off  couetyse, 

And  ouere-lade  in  many  wyse,  19132 

That  they,  to  swymme  be  not  able, 
Ther  burthen  is  so  Importable ; 
Whiche,  by  ffalse  affeccyoun, 

Ploungith  her  heedes  low  a-down  '  19136 

Vnder  the  wawys  off  this  world  here, 
That  they  may  not  (in  no  manere) 
Swymme,  ffor  the  hevynesse 
Tliat  they  here,  off  greet  rychesse.  19140 

OTher  ther  ben  that  swymmen  ryght, 
And  haue  eke  wynges  ffor  the  fflyght ; 
And  tho  ben  ffolkis  whiche,  in  this  lyffe. 
In  herte  ben  contemplatyffe,  19144 

In  wordely  thyng  haue  no  plesaunce. 
Save  in  ther  bare  sustenaunce  : 
In  this  world,  ther  loye  is  nought ; 
ffor  alle  ther  herte  and  alle  ther  thought,  19148 

And  ffynal  truste  off  ther  workynge. 
Is  sette  vp-on  the  heuenly  kynge, 

'  But  ffor  alle  that,  (I  the  assure,^)      [stowe,  leaf  323] 
In  this  see  they  muste  endure  ['ensure St.]  19152 

Bodily,  by  greet  penaunce. 
In  heveue  hem  sylffe^  to  avaunce.     p  them  aeiven  St.] 

And,  ffor  the  love*  off  Crist  ihesu,     [Move  St.,  laweTib.] 

They  make  hem  whynges  off  vertu,  19156 

To  ffleen  (by  clene  affeccyoun) 

To  the  heuenly  mansyoun  ; 

Wliiche  greetly  displesith  me, 

Theder  whanne  I  se  hem  ffle.  19160 

Swyche  ffolke  resemblen  alle 
Vn-to  a  bryd  that  clerk  es  calle 
Ortigometra  in  ther  bokys ; 
And  this  bryd  caste  his  lokys  19164 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 

The  Hunter, 

Satan. 

Many  pil- 
grims swim 
in  this  sea. 
Those  with 
their  feet  in 
the  air  are 
overladen 
with  the  sack 
of  Covetous- 
nesg. 


wliich  plung- 
es their  heads 
under  the 
world's 
waves. 


Some  have 
wings  for 
flight. 

These  are  the 

Contem- 
plative, 


whose 
thoughts 
are  always 
set  on  the 
heavenly 
King; 
[leaf  54] 

they  must 
still  endure 
and  suffer  to 
gain  Heaven. 


They  are  like 
the  bird 
OHigometra, 


512      '  Ortigomdra'    Folk  clogd  v:ith  the   Weeds  of  Riches. 


(Tiberius, 

A  vii.  ] 

T/ie  Jliintpr. 


wliich,  wlien 
it  is  tired. 


drops  into 
tlie  water. 


and  sets  up 
one  wing  as  a 
sail. 


till  it  can  fly 
again. 


Those  Pil- 
grims in  the 
sea  with  their 
feet  bound 
with  weeds. 


[leaf  54,  bk.] 


have  their 
minds  so  flxt 
on  worldly 
prosperity 
and  riches. 


that  they  can 
neither  swim 
nor  fly. 


Some,  too, 
are  blind,  so 
that  they 
can't  see  the 
emptiness  of 
this  world's 
glory. 


19176 


[■*  custom  St.] 


19180 


[5  haue  ther  St.] 


19184 


*  To-fForne  hym  prudently,  to  se 

"Wbaniie  he  schal  swymme  in  tlie  see  : 

This  if oul  hath  whynges  ffor  the  fflyght, 

Be  he^  anoon  off  kyndely  ryght.  [i  to  be  St.]  19168 

Whanne  he  is  wery  off  travayle, 

And  that  his  ffederes  do-  hym  ffayle,       p  done  St.] 

Anoon  (off  his  condiscyoun) 

In-to  the  water  he  fallith  doun,  19172 

And  thanne  •''  to  swymme  wole  not  ffayle  :      p  that  st.] 

Off  his  o  Avhynge,  he  makith  a  ssayle, 

Amonge  the  sturdy  wawys  alle 

To  kepe  hym  silffe,  that  he  not  ffalle, 

Til  he  resume  ageyne  his  myght, 

Off  acustom,*  to  take  his  fflyght. 

Thus  stoundtimel  33  may  hym  se, 

Som  tyniu  swym^^e,  som  tymii  fflee, 

In  bokys  as  it  is  I-ffounde. 

'  But  they  that  liaue^  ffeet  I-bounde 
With  herblis  and  with  wediis  greene, 
That  they  may  not  aryght  sustene, 
Kowther  to  swymmii  nor  to  fflee. 
They  be  so  bounden  in  the  see 
Off  wordely^  delectacyoun 
In  ther  inwarde  affeccyoun  ; 
ffor  alle  ther  hool  ffelicyte 
Is  sette  in  veyne^  prosperite 
Off  the  world,  and  in  rychesse, 

fful  off  chaunge  and  dowblenesse,  19192 

With  whiche  they  be  so^  sore  bounde,    \}  so  St.,  om.  Tib.] 
That  her  soulis  yt  wole  conffounde ; 
ffor  they  haue  power  none,^  nor  myght,     1^'  "°",?,i]''*  ^''^* 
ISTowther  to  swy?«.me  nor  ffleen^^  aryght ;  [Wflyenst.] 
So  sore  the  world  doth  hem  constreyne,  19197 

That  it  were  to  hem  greet  peyne, 
Her  hertis  ffro  the  world  to  vnbynde.^^     ["  tuunbynd  st.] 

'  And  som  also  be  makyd^- blynde,  ['=madest.]  19200 
Ther  eyen  cloos,  they  may  not  se, 
ffor  to  con.sidere  the  vanyte 
Off  this  worldis  flalsc  veyneglorye, 
Euere  vnsure  and  transitory e,  19204 


[6  worldly  St.] 


19188 


['  veyne  St.,  verrey  Tib.] 


Heresy^ s  Father  is  Satan,  who  tempts  Pilgrims.  513 


'  And  fful  off  mvtabylyte,-  [»  mutabylyte  St.,  mvtabyte  Tib.] 

Whiche  schewith  to  hem  fful  greet  bewete    ^bacuT' '*""""' 

By  a  2  maner  off  appareuce,  [2  a  St.,  ow.  Tib.] 

But  it  is  ffalse  in  existence  ;  19208 

That  is  fful  ffoule,  dothe  schewii  ffayre, 

Lyche  a  ffloure  that  dothe  vnapayre^   [Tib.  &st.  sapayrest.] 

Whanne  it  is  plukkyd  and  leyde  lowe, 

Or  with  som  sodeyne  wynde  I-blowe.  19212 

Whiche  bewete  (as  wryte  Salamoun)    ^1  ^vroZhs'31'%^^''' 

Is  but  a  ffalse  decepcyoun  ; 

And  ffolkis  that  beth  there-with  blente, 

Or  they  be  war,  beth  offte  schente,  19216 

ffor  lak  ther  eyen  be  not  clere. 

IT  *Eke  som  ther  swymmes'*  (as  ^e  may  leere)  [*swymest.] 

With  hand  and  armys  strecchyd  out ; 

Swyche  as  parte  her  good  aboute  19220 

To  porii  ffolkis  that  haue  neede ; 

And  swyche  vnbynde^  her  ffeet,  in  deede,  "^^  kyrid"  T^'.f  "* 

ffrom  wordely*'  delectacyoun,  [« woriaiy  st.] 

And  off  devoute  eutencyoun,  19224 

By  councel  off  her  conffessour, 

Vnbynde  her  ffeet,  liy''  greet  labour,  [<  waiist.] 

ffor  to  goon  in  there  vyages, 

Barffote,  to  sekc  pilgrym^ges  ;  19228 

Off  ther  synnes  to  haue  pardoun, 

fforjeuenesse  and  remyssyoun, 

Whanne  ther  menynge  trewiily 

Is  voyde  ffrom  al  ypocrysy. 

ANd  thus  as  now  (withoutii^  slouthe) 
To  the  I  haue  tolde  the  trouthe. 

'  And  trewely^  jit,  ouere  alle  thyng, 
I  hate  trowthe  in  my  workyng ; 
And  off  malys,  bothe  day  and  nyght, 
Werrey^**  trouthe  with  al  my  myglit. 

'  By  name,  callyd  I  am  Sathan ;    [^  werray  st.,  Veney  Tib.] 
The  whiche,  as  ffer  as  euere  I  kan,  19240 

I  worke,  in  myne  entencyoun, 
ffor  to  cacche,  in  my  bandoun, 
Alle  pylgrymes  (as  thow  mayst  se,) 
That  swyjumen  in  the  AvaAvy  see  19244 

PILGRIMAGE.  L  L 


19232 

[8  without  Tib., 
St.] 


[9  80tlily  St.] 


19236 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
The  Hunter, 

Satan. 


like  a  flower 
fades,  wiien  it 
is  plucked. 


Tliey  who 
swim  with 
outstreteht 
arms  are 
those  who 
gave  to  the 
poor. 


[leaf  55] 


and  went 
pilgrimages. 


But  Truth  is 
hated  by 
Satan  the 
hunter. 


and  he  is 
always  en- 
deavourinff 
to  lay  hold 
of  pilgrims. 


514    Satan  s  snarea  to  catch  folic.    He  'personates  an  Angel. 


by  means  of 
Temptation, 


and  nets 
spread  day 
and  niglit, 


[Tiberius,     '  Off  tliis  woi'lJ,  fful  off  disseyte. 
i.„^,«.  '  And  euere  I  lye  in  greet  awayte, 

And  no  moment  I  ne  ffyne 
ffor  to  leyne  out  hook  and  lync.  19248 

'  My  lyne  (by  demonstracyoun) 
I-callyd  is  Temptacyoun ; 
And  Avlianne  that  Ifolke  (in  ther  entente) 
Off  herte  and  Avylle  ther-to  concente,  19252 

Thanne  on  myn  hook  (by  ffalse  awayte,) 
They  ben  I-cacchyd  with  the  bayte ; 
And  thanne,  by  fful  mortal  lawe, 
To  my  bandoun,  I  hem  drawe.  19256 

'  I  leye  out  netttis  nyght  and  day, 
In  water  and  lond,  to  cacche  my  pray, 
[leaf  5.-.,  back]        'With  nettys,  I  haue  eke  my  repay  re     [stowe,  leaf  224] 
ffor  bryddes  that  ffleen  eke  in  the  hayre,  19260 

ffor  to  make  hem  ffalle  adown 
ffrom  ther  contemplacyown. 
And,  thus  ffolkys  to  bygyle, 

I  am  a  ffoulere  eke  som  whyle ;  19264 

ffor  alle  that  hygh  or  lowli  goon, 
I  make  nettis  ffor  eue;'ychoon, 
(In  myne  entente,  it  is  no  drede), 
To  cacche  hem,  outher^  by  ft'oot  or  hede,   ['orst.]  19268 
As  an  vreyne  wewy th  ^  a  calle,  [^  wevithe  st.] 

To  make  iiflyes  there-in  to^  ffalle.  ptoow.st.] 

'  But  I  ne  may  not  do  no  Avronge 
To  ffolke  that  ben  in  vertu  stronge.  19272 

I  venquysche  (no\ither  nygh  nor  fferre) 
No  man  that  halte  ageyne  me  werre ; 
And  fl'eble  is  my  vyolence, 
Whanne  ther  is  manly  resystence.  19276 

ANd  jit  I  haue  a  thowsande  treynes, 
And  as  many  laas  and  cheynes, 
With'^  whiche  I  compasse,  day  by  day,      [*o)n.  St.] 
To  lettii  pylgrymcs  on  ther  way  ;  19280 

ffor  I,  by  ffalse  illusyoun 

And  l:iy  dyssumylacyoun,^  [^  dyssimiiasyon  St.] 

Kan  me^  transfforme  (anoon  ryght,)      [s  mc  st.,  mys  Tib.] 
To  lykenesse  off  an  aungel  bryght;  19284 


as  a  spider 
weaves  a  net 
to  catch  Hies ; 

but  he  cannot 
injure  virtue 


and  manly 
resistance. 


He  can  trai\8- 
form  himself 
into  an  anycl 
of  light. 


Satan  makes  a  Hermit  Icill  his  own  Father. 


515 


[Tiberius, 
A  vii.] 


and  did  onoe 
so  appear  to 
a  hermit  in 
tlie  desert, 


and  bade 
him  beware 
of  Satan, 

[leaf  fiG] 

wlio  wonid 
visit  him  on 
tlie  morrow 


in  the  like- 
ness of  his 
father : 


'  Take  oif  hyni  the  rL-semblaiince, 

The  vesage  and  the  contenaunce, 

So  to  disseyuen,  in  couert ; 

And  to  an  heremyte  in  desert;  19288 

I  ^  dyde  oones  so  appere,  ['  And  i  Tib.,  i  St.] 

fful  off  ffetheres  bryght  and  clere, 

And  toke-  on  me  the  message         P  toke  st.,  do  Tib.] 

Off  an  auMgel,  by  my  vysage,  19292 

And  bad  vn-to  that  hooly  man 

To  kepe  hym  warly  ffroni  Sathan, 

ffor  he  was  schapen,  by  batayle, 

The  nexte  morewe,  hym  to  assayle ;  19296 

And  tolde  hym  also,  (ffynally, 

ffor  to  disceyve  hym  sotyll)-,) 

He  wolde  take,  (in  sothenesse,) 

Off  hys  ffader  the  lyknesse,  19300 

Bothe  ve.sage  and  contenaunce, 

The  maner  and  the  resemblaunce. 

\IUustration.'\ 
'    A    I^d  bad  the  heremyte  anoon  ryght 
Ix      To  fforce  hym,  at  the  ffirstii  syght, 
To  smyte  hym  ffirste,  Avith  knyffe  or  swerde, 
And  no  thyng  to  ben  atferde 
With  al  his  myghtty  vyolence, 
Wlianne  he  cam  ffirste  to  his  presence. 
IT  And  so,  vpon  the  nexte  morewe, 
itbr  to  encresse  his  dool  and  sorewe, 
I  made  his  ffader  hym  vesyte ; 
And  anoon,  this  seyde  heremyte, 
This  Innocent,  thys  cely  man, 
Wenynge  hit  hadde  be  Sathan, 
Vp  sterte  anoon,  and  toke  a  knyff, 
And  raffte  his  ffader  off  his  lyff, 
That  he  to  grounde  ffel  downe  deed 

'  And  thus  I  kan  (who  takyth  heed) 
A  thousande  weyes,  ffolke^  dysceyue,   p  ffoike  to  st.]  peafsc.back] 

Or  they  my  treynes^  kan  conceyue.       [Uiappis  St.]   19320 

And  therffore,^  be  Wel  war  off  me,     [^  therfore  st.,  herfifore  Tib.] 

ffor  I  caste  eke**  dysseyuc  the  ;  [« eke  to  St.] 

3eue  I  at  large  may  the  ffynde, 


19304 


19308 


he  niU3t  kill 
liini  at  once. 


19311 

[Stowe,  leaf  324,  back] 


1931G 


Accordingly, 
Ills  father 
comes. 


and  the 
hermit  slays 
him. 


516 


By  crossing  myself,  I  mahe  Satan  powerless. 


[Tiberius, 
Avu.] 
Satan. 


Satan  goes 
about 


like  a  raven- 
ous lion, 
to  devour 
the  Lambs  of 
Christ's  fold. 


Satan  de- 
clares I  shall 
not  escape 
him. 


The  Pilgrim, 


1  defy  Satan, 


[leaf  57] 


cross 
myself. 


pass  the 
devils. 


'  In  my  laas  ^  I  schal  the  bynde  ;      [>  lace  St.]  [^  tendit  st.] 

%  ffor,  as  seynt  Petre  lyste  endyte,^  J^'^^ wHefniSe^s . . 

And  in  his  pystelys  ffor  to  wryte, 

I  go  and  serche,  day  and  nyght, 

With  alle  my  fforce,  with  al  my  myght,  19328 

Lyche  a  ravenous  lyoun, 

ffor  to  devoure,  vp  and  doun, 

Allii  ffolkys,  jonge  and  oolde, 

That  lambre^  be  off  cristis  ffoolde.        piambesst.]  19332 

I  haue  off  hem,  fful  jore  agoon, 

Off  hem  devoured  many  oon  ; 

Strangelyd  mo  than  I  lean  telle ; 

And  that*  were  to  longe  to  dwelle,  [Mtst.]  19336 

ffor  to  rekene  hem  alle  in  nowmbre, 

Thousandis  mo  than  I  kan  nowmbre ; 

And  trewely,  in  two  hundred  jer, 

I  koude  not  telle  the  maner  19340 

Off  alle  my  trey n  Us  by  and  by. 

'  And  I  warne  the  outer ly, 
Thow  schalt  not  lyghttely  (jeue  I  may,) 
ffro  my  daunger  skape  away.'  19344 

IT  The  Pylgryme : 
"  "%  J^THer  thow  be  wel  or  yuel  apayd 

T  T       In  the  wordes  that  thow  haste  sayd, 
I  haue  ffounden  a  greet  dyffence, 

To  make  ageyne  the,  resistence,  19348 

And  conceyueds  it  in  my  thought.      ^' e^^^y^^^'^xfb/i 
Blowe  thyne  home,  and  spare  nought, 
ffor  thow  schalt  ffayle  (jeue  that  I  may) 
To  make  off  me*^  schortely  thi  pray."        [^thest.]  19352 

And  to  be  more  stronge  in  vertu, 
With  the  crosse  off  crist  ihe^u, 
And  off  his  grace  moste  benygne, 
I  gan  me  crossen,  and  eke  sygne,  19356 

ffor  to  assure^  my  passage  [?  tassure  St.] 

Ageyne  his  laas  so  fful  off  rage. 

And  by  my  crossynge,  I  anoon 
Gan  to  passe  hem  euerichoon ;  19360 

They  hadde  no  power  ffor  to  laste ; 
ffor,  by  the  vertu,  they  to-braste  ] 


Satan  laments.     His  ^^uriiose  is  to  lie  always. 


517 


And  I  anoon  gan  ffastii  ffice,  [stowe,  leaf  325] 

And  wolde  haue  taken  anoon  the  see ;  lOSGi 

But,  longe  or  I  entter  myght, 

"Whan  1  Sathan  off  me  hadde  a  syght,     ['  st„  Tib.  biuni] 

He  gan  to  crye  (so  stood  the  cas) 

*  Out  and  harow  !  alias,  alias  ! '  19368 

IF  Sathan  the  hunte  weymentith-    piumtarst.] 
And  tormentyth  wltli  hym  silffe.^  psatj.auyei.untai- 
\^Illuiitrati(m.'\ 

*  Vnhapp)',*  and  ff ul  off  meschaunce    [♦  St.,  i  vnUappy  Tib.] 
I  was,  whanne  I  dyde  nie  avaunce 

In  any  wyse  ffor  to  teche 

Vertu,  or^  trowthii  ffor  to  prechc ; 

ffor,  it  longeth  not  to  me 

To  techii  trouthe  in  no  degrc ; 

But,  off  ffortune  it  happli  so, 

That  I  be  c6nstreyned  thor-to, 

By  vertu  off  som  orysoun 

Or  by  som  conyurisoun,'' 

That  greete''  clerkes  me  compolle, 

The  verrey  trowthii  ffor  to  telle, 

Mawgrey  my  wylle,  off  many  a  thyng, 

By  vertu  off  the  greetii^  kyng.       [*  giet  st.,  greet  Tib.] 

ffor  ellys  (who  that  kan  espye) 

!My  purpos  is,  euere  ffor  to  lye, 

And^  haue  disseyued  fful  many  a  man, 

Ryght  as  dyde  lulyan. 

*  Though  I  were  by  hym  constreyned, 
And  by  his  charmes  greetly  peyned, 
3it  at  the  laste,  whanne  1  abrayde, 
I  lyed,  alle  that  euere  I  sayde. 
And  now  I  oughte  a-cursyd  be, 
Whanne  that  I  gan  medle  me 
To  seyne  a  trouthe  agaynes^^  kynde,     ['» agayns  Tib.,  St.] 
Sethen  men,  in  me  may^^  noon  ffynde;  [»  ne  may  in  me  St.] 
There-off  I  repente  me  fful  sore, 
"With  trowthe,  medle  I  wole  no  more.' 

II  The  Pylgryme  answerth  to  Satan :  ^2    [12 piig,im st] 


[Tiberius, 
Avu.l 
Satan. 

and  flee. 


[5  of  St.]    19372 


19376 

[''  coniuiasioii  St.] 
["  greet  Tib.,  grete  St.] 

19380 


Satan  la- 
ments. 


It's  not  his 
work  to 
preacliTrutli. 
[leaf  57,  back] 


[» I  St.] 


19384     He  tries  to 
lie  always. 


19388 


19392 


He'll  meiMle 
inQftfl  no  nioie  with 
19396    Truth. 


/^A  Sathan,  thi  displesaunce 


"Was  to  me  ft'ul  greet  plesaunce, 


518    /  swim  to  a  tree,  and  am  thrown  on  Fortunes   Wheel. 


[Tiberius, 

Avii,] 
The  Pit y rim. 

I  am  em- 
boldened, 


relying  on 
my  scrip  and 
staff. 


[leaf  58.  Tib.] 


19400 


I  swim,  sup- 
ported by  my 
scrip  and 

staff, 


and  underso 
many  perils. 


I  see  a  tree, 
and  thinking 
it  an  island, 
I  go  towards 
it. 


[leaf  58,  back, 
Tib.] 


Then  I  am 
caMt  on  a 
wheel. 


[1  thow  St.] 


19404 


[2  lened  St.] 


19408 


"  Eclcuynge  me  off  my  distresse." 
I  took  there-off  greet  harJyuesse, 
]\Iade  as  tho^  no  lenger  lette, 
I  spared  nowther  hook  nor  nette, 
But,  trustynge  (in  conclusyoun) 
Vp-on  my  skrippe  and  my  burdoun, 
And  there-vp-on  I  by  lened  -  me 
Whanne  I  entryd  in-to  the  see  ; 
And,  in  swymmynge  to  be  more  stable, 
Me  thought  my  skryppe  proffitable 
To  kepe  me  sure  in  herte  and  thought. 
In  my  way,  that  I  erred  nought. 
{IllmtraHon.^ 

TKewely,'  in  this  dredefful  see,      [^  yet  truly  st.j  19411 
Is^  greet  myscheeff  and  adu'Tsyte  :      [+o«.  .><t.] 
Many  a  perel  (I  30U  ensure,) 
And  many  a  straunge  ^venture 

I  ffeltii  tho  in  my  passage,  19415 

Off  wawys  and  off^  rokkis  rage,        ^^["or'st!fofrTib.?^ 
And  many  a  tempeste  (in  certeyn) 
Off  thondrynge,  lyghtnynge,  and  off  reyn, 
And  other  perels  that  be-ffelle. 

That,  3eue  I  schulde  hem  allii  telle,  19420 

Or  the  myscheves  alle  endyte, 
They  were  to  longe  for*^  to  wry te.     [« for  st.,  om.  Tib.] 

But  while  that  I,  in  my  passage, 
Byheelde  the  see,  sterne  and  savage, 
Me  thought  I  sawe  bysyde  me. 
That  there  stood  a  greenii  tre  ; 
And  I  was  glad  alle*"  thilke  while, 
Wenynge  there  hadde  ben  an  yle, 
In  hope  that  I  schulde  londe, 
Hastely,  vp  at  som  stronde, 
Whiche  Avas  to  me  fful  greet  plesaunce. 

And  as  I  gan  my  silffe  avaunce. 
And  thederward  gan  ffastii  hye, 
Auoon  my  sylffe  I  dyde  aspye 
(Whanne  that  I  gan  lokij  wel) 
Til  at  I  was  caste  vp-on  a  whel, 
Off  whiche  to-fforne  I  sawgh  no  thynge ; 


19424 


[7  of  St.] 


19428 


19432 


1943G 


The  Tree  has  Nests  on  it.    Fm'tnne,  and  her  donhle  lool:.     519 


19^40 


19444 


19448 


ffor  tlie  illooJes,  in  thor  lllowynge, 
Hadde  with  his  wawcs  eueiydel 
Onere-fflowyd  so  that  whel, 
Tliat  I  toke  no  heede  there-at, 
Tyl  sodeynely  there-on  I  sat. 
And  wyldely  the  wawys  smette 
Vp-on  this  whel,  ay  as  tliey  mctte ; 

ANd  euere  round,  (as  thoughtu  nie,) 
This  Avhel  wente  abonte  the  tie, 
Where-off,  I  astonyed  was, 
Whanne  I  sawe  this  sodeyne  caas. 
Vp  on  whichli  tre  anoon, 
I  sawgh  nestys  fful  many  oon  ; 
And  bryddes  (that  I  koudii  knowe,) 
Somniti  hyh,  and  sonimii^  lowe,   [' som Tib.,  some  st.]  19452 
Ther  nestis  made  (I  toke  good  liede) 
Grete  and  smale  (it  is  no  drede). 
H  And  I  demiid,-  in  certeyne, 
That  this  tre  haddii  hoolys  tweyne  ; 
And  on  the  hygher  hoole  aloffte, 
I  sawe  an  hand  putte  out  fful  offte. 
And  this  hand  (as  to  my  look) 
To  the  nestis  put  up  an  hook, 
And  (as  to  myne  inspeccyoun) 
Was  bcsy  to  pulle  the  nestis  doun. 

And  as  I  stode  a  lytel  throwe 
At  the  hoole  that  stood  moste  lowe, 
I  sawgh  heedes  lokynge  oute 
Towards  the  braunches  rounde  aboute. 
In  purpos  (^eue  it  myght  haue  be) 
To  clymbe  vp  hyghe  on  that'^  tre  : 
They  wolde  haue  take  it  ffayne  in  honde.  194G9 

And  there  I  sawe  a  lady  stonde 
Amonge  the  wylde  wawys  trowble, 
Vp-on  a  whel  dyuerse  and  dowble.  19472 

Departyd  was  her  garnemente, 
HalfEe  hool,  and  haluendel  was  rente ; 
The  to  party,  as  snow  was  white 

To  loke  vp-on,  off  greet  delyte  ;  1947G 

The  tother  party  (as  thought  me) 


(Tiberius, 

A  vii.J 
The  Pill/rim. 


wliifli  re- 
volves round 
the  tree, 


and  on  which 
are  many 
birds'  nests. 


P  it  serayd  St.] 

[Tib.,  leaf  59] 

1945G 

Tlie  tree  has 
two  holes  in 

[St.  &  Tib.] 

its  trunk; 
iiiid  out  of 

n 

the  upper  one 
{joes  a  hand 
with  a  liook, 

>) 

trying  to 

„       194G0 

drat;  the 
nests  down. 

[St.  &  Tib.] 

19161 

A  lady 
(Fortime)  is 
standing  ou 
a  wheel. 

[^  hygh  .  .  th.it  Tib., 

liighe  .  .  thilke  St.] 

[Stowe,  leaf  230] 

Her  garment 
is  of  two 
parts. 


520  My  Staff  liclps  me.  lash  Fortune  to  explain  her  Wheel,  &c. 


[Tiberius, 

Avii.] 
The  Pilgrim. 

and  so  aUo  is 
her  face. 


Dame  For- 
tune bears  a 
staff  on  her 
Blioulders. 


[Tib.,  leaf  59, 
back] 


I  srip  nay 
Staff, 


and  tell  it 
unless  it 
helps  lue 


I  shall  be 

ruind. 

It  enables  me 

to  rise. 


Fortune  tries 
to  set  me 
down  again. 


[Tib.,  leaf  60] 


Was  ffoule  and  owgely  on  to  se. 

And  hir  vysage  eke  also 
Was  departyd  euene  a  two  ;  19480 

The  to  party  Avas  amyable, 
And  to  byholde  delytable, 
Bothe  off  porte  and  off  manere, 

Glad  and  lawynge  off  hir  chere;  19484 

^  The  tother  syde,  hydous  and  old, 
Whiche  was  ryuelyd  many  ffold  ; 
And  on  hir  schuldres  rownd  and  square, 
A  crokyd  staffe  in  sothe  sche  bare.  19488 

And  whanne  I  gan  al  this  aduerte, 
Dyscomffortyd  in  myn  herte 

\IllustrationJ\  ['  I  was,  and  gretly  gan  gaste  St.] 

THanne  was  I,  greatly  agaste^ ; 
And  my  burdoun  I  heelde  ryghte  ffaste,      19492 
And  dyde  also  greetly  my  peyne 
To  grype  it  with  myne  handiis  tweyne  ; 
And  seyde,  (off  sodeyne  moscyoun,) 
"  Bordoun,"  quod  I,  "bordoun,  bordoun  !  19496 

But  thow  me  helpc^  in  this  caas,         [^heipenow  st.] 
I  may^  wepe  and  seyne  '  alias,'  \?  may  weii  st.] 

My  peynes  ben  so  scharpe  and  kene. 
And  but  thow  helpii  to  sustene  19500 

Myne  nownpowere  and  inpotence,*     [*  impotence  st.i 
That  I  may  stonden  at  dyffence 
Vp-on  my  ffeet,  and  that  anoon, 

ffare-wel !  my  loye  is  alle  agoon  !"  19504 

IF  But  tho,  thorough  helpe  off  my  bordoun, 
I  roos  vp  as  a  champyoun. 

But  whanne  this  lady  dyde  espye 
That  I  was  vp,  sche  gan  to  bye  19508 

ffor  to  liaue  putte-''  me  doun  ageyn ;  i'  taput  st.] 

And  I  trowe  ryght  wel  certeyn, 
That,  but  I  haddii  spoken  ffayre, 

And  off  my  porte  be  debonayre,  19512 

I  hadde  ben  to^  ffeble  off  myght,      [« to  st.,  ffni  Tib.] 
Vp-on  my  ffeet  to  stonde'''  vp  ryght.      e?  tastand  st.] 

BVt  I  abrayde,  and  bade  in  deede 
that  sche  scholde  taken  hcede  19516 


How  Fortune  is  ever  clianging,  and  betrays  all  who  trust  her.  521 


[Tiberius, 

A  vu.] 
The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  her 

name,  and 
wliat  lier 
Wlieel,  and 
the  Tree  and 
Nesta  mean. 


Fortune. 


Fortune  says 


To  thilke  party  that  was  ffayre 

OIF  hir,  and  putte  lue  If ro  Jispayre, 

And  schewe,  lyke  hir  contenaunce, 

Som  counfforte  or  som  plesaunce  ;  19520 

And  that  sche  wolde  expownii  me 

What  lady  that  sche  schulde  be, 

Hir  name,  hir  power,  euerydel,      [stowe,  leaf  326,  back] 

Bothe  off  hir  and  off  hir  whel,  19524 

And  off  the  tre,  and  off  the  croppe, 

And  off  the  nestis  in  the  coppe,^  ['  cop  st.} 

And  do  to  2  me  som  dvauntage,     [^  done  to  St.,  do  Tib. j 

To  tfurthre  me  in  my  vyage.^  19528 

^  ffortune : 
*  "TN  me  (schortely  to  expresse) 

I    There  is  no  manor  stablenesse  ) 
tfor,  (be  hereoff  ryght  wel  certeyn,) 

Alle  that  I  worke,  is  vncerteyn  ;  19532   she  is 

Lyke  my  dowble  contenaunce, 
I  am  so  fful  off  variaunce. 
Therffore,  to  axe  how  I  me  guye, 
It  is  no  wysdam,  but  ffolye  ;  19536 

I  worke  no  thyng  in  certeynte, 
But  fful  off  greet  duplycyte. 
I  am  what-euere  I  do  provyde ; 

ffor  I  lawe*  on  the  ryghtii^  syde,  [*  lawghe  st.]  [>  ryght  Tib.,  st.] 
And  schewe  a  cher  off  greet  delyte  19541 

On  the  party  that  I  am  white.''         [« deiyt . . .  wiiit  st.] 
Thanne  men  me  calle  '  glad  ffortune ' ; 


ever  variable 


and  full  of 
duplicity. 


When  she 
favours  folk, 
they  call  her 
'  Glad  For- 
tune ' ; 


But,  no  while  I  do  contune  ; 
ffor,  longe  or  ffolke  may  apa/'ceyue, 
I  kan  hem  sodeynely  disseyue, 
^And  make  her  loye  go  to  wrak 
Wyth  ffroward  moM'hiis  at  the  bak. 

'Than  y,  lykned^  to  the  moone, 
ff oik  wyl  chauwge  my  name  sone ; 
And  fro  my  whel  whaw  they  are  falle, 


19544 


[Stowe,  leaf  327] 
[Tib.  A.  7,  If.  60,  bk.] 
[s.lykenyJ  St.]    19549 


[Cott.  Vitell. 
C.  13.] 


but  when  she 
throws  them, 
'  hifortune.' 


^  Stowe  leaves  a  blank  of  10  lines  in  his  copy,  and  puts  a  side- 
note  "fortune  should  be  porturatyd." 

^  The  text  is  now  again  taken  up  from  MS.  Cott.  Vit.  c.  xiii. 
leaf  253. 


522    How  Fortune  plays  with  men.    Her   Wheel  Charyhdis. 


Sl\e  deceives 
:ill  wlio  trust 
lier. 


Tlie  Tree  may 
be  likened  to 
tlie  World. 


The  Nests  on 
tlie  Tree  are 
(U'^rees  of 
Lordship. 


Those  below 


want  to 
clinil)  to  high 
estate. 


But  in  it, 

iKine  stay 
Ion;;,  their 
t'uriuiies 
cliange. 


[leaf  254,  bk.] 


195G0 


195G3 


The  Wheel 


' '  Infortunii '  they  me  calle.  19552 

To  ffolk  vnworthy,  and  nat  dygne, 

I  am  somwhylc  most  benygne, 

Lyggynge  awayt  in  eue/y  cost,  19555 

Off  ffolk  whom  that^  I  cherysshe  most. 

Aiul  who  that  on  me  set  hys  lust,      ['  that  Tib., «»«.  c,  St.] 

I  kan  deceyvc  \iyiii  off  hys  trust. 

Tak  hed  pleynly,  and  tliow  shalt  se 

A  pleyn  exauwtple  off  thys  tre, 

How  thys  tre  (at  0  word) 

May  be  resemblyd  to  the  world. 

H  '  ffyrst,  in  thys  world  be  grete  estatys, 
Off  ky ngtis,  prynces,  and  off  "  prehitys,    V  off  om.  r\\\,  of  st.] 
AVych  in  thys  erthii^  chauMgen  oft'te.        p  world  St.] 
And  the  nestys  hyh  aloffte 

Ben  degrees*  off  lordshepe,  [♦  degrees  Tib.,  degres  C,  St.] 

That  SO  offte  on  heihtti  lepe,  195G8 

Bothe  off  hyli  and  lowh  degre. 

'  And  they  that  al  by-nethe  be, 
Loke  vp-ward,  and  al  day  gaze, 

As  yt  wer  vp-on  A  maze  :  19572 

Tho  be  they,  that  so  offte 
Desyre  for  to  clymbe  aloffte 
To  hih  estat  and  hih  degre, 
ffrom  ther  estaat  off  pouerte.  1957G 

'So»nne^  off  hem  may  longe  abyde, 
flor  I  sette  he;M  offte  asyde  ;      \}  (?  None),  some  Tib.,  si.] 
Wych  thyng  to  hym  ys  no  thyng  soote, 
"\Vha?i  they  be  longe  put  vnder  ft'oote  19580 

Thorgh  my  double  varyau«ce. 
And  so?«me  kan  hau''  suffysaujice. 
And  ben  ryht  glad  in  ther  entent 
Off  tlie  lytel  that  god  hath  sent ; 
They  lia'^  no  care  for^  ther  dyspcnce. 
And  so»Mne  haue  euere  Indygeuce, 
And  kan  with  no  thyng  be  content, 
'With  coveytyse  they  be  so  blent,  19588 

Wych,  for  ther  oune  wrechchydnesse,  [Siowc,  leaf  327,  back] 
Lyve  euere  in  pouert  and  dystresse. 

'  Touchyng  my  whcl  (yt  ys  no  doute,) 


[6  haue  St.,  soni  kau  haue 
Tib.] 


[Tib.,  leaf  61]    19584 

l^  hauelli  Tili.J 
[■*  of  St.,  for  Tib.] 


Fortune's  Crook,  and  the  Nests,  or  folk  of  Idgh  defjree.    523 


19596 

[1  C,  St.,  wliiclie  wliel 
wlio  Tib.] 


[^  one  .  . .  one  St.] 


19G00 


19604 


[t  an  Tib.] 
[HykeSt.]    10608 
[6  Tib.,  om.  C] 


'  Wycli  tourneth  euere  round  aboutc, 
Tlier  may  no  man  aloff te  Abyde 
Eut  yiff  so  be  I  be  hys  guyde. 
Yt  turnetli  euere  to  and  ffro  ; 
The  pley  ther-off  ys  meynt  with  wo ; 
The  wychij  whel  (who  that^  kan  se,) 
Ys  a  pereyl  off  the  se, 
On,  the  grettest  off  echon,^ 
ffor  to  rekne  hem  on  by  on  ; 
And,  thys  phylisoffres  alle, 
'  Karybdis '  lyst  yt  for  to  calle, 
Yt  devoureth  so  many  A  man, 
Ye,  mo  than  I  reherse  kan.' 

IT  The  Pylgrym-^ :  p  Tib.,  piigryme  st.,  om.  c] 

"  Touchyng  thy  staff,  tel  on,  lat  se 
"What  mauer  tookne  yt  may  be, 
That  yt  corbyd  lych  and'*  Crook, 
And  mad  in  maner  off''  an  hook," 

IT  Dame  Fortune'^ : 
'  With  thys  Crook,  by  gret  vengau7ice,  . 
ffolk,  that  to  soon"  I  dyde  avau?«ce,     [UofforneTib.,  St.] 
Thorgh  my  trausniutac'iou??, 

AI  sodeynly  I  rende  hem  douw,  19612 

That  sat  in  chayerys  hih  aloff  te ; 
To  whom  ther  fal  ys^  no  thyng  soffte.    ^'^'"'i*'^;!^  sVlf"'^ 
Reyse  vp  ageyn  al  sodeynly 
Other  tliat  be  nothyng  worthy, 
And  cau.se  ek  so??jmc  (Est  and  west) 
ffor  to  bylde  fful  hih  ther  nest 
And  tlier  habytciiou?* ; 
SojHtyme,  off  wyl,  nat  off  resou?j, 
I  take  noon  hed  off  no  degre. 
But  only  oft'  my  volu?^te.' 

U  The  Pylgryme'-': 
"  ft'ul  ffayn  I  wolde  ek  vnderstonde 
The  menyng  also  off  the  bond, 
At  the  hoole  hyh  aloffte. 
That  reyseth  vp  his  crook  so  offte. 
The  nestys  for  to  rendc  a-dour« : 
Tel  me  thexposicwu/i."  19628 


19592  Fortune. 


which  iilwaya 
turns 

.signifies  that 
man  cannot 
remain  alolt, 


[3  Tib.,  om.  C] 


19624 


and  is  called 
Cliarybdis. 


The  PUffrim. 


19616 


19620 


I  ask  Fortune 
about  her 
liookt  statT. 


Fortune. 

Slie  saj'8  it 
brings  down 
tliose  too 
soon  raised 
up, 


and  raises 
tip  others, 
tlio'  un- 
worthy. 


[leaf  255] 


The  PUijrim. 

I  ask  her 
about  the 
Hand  con- 
tinually rais- 
ing the 
Crook,  to  pull 
the  Nesta 
down. 


524     No  estate  is  safe  from  Fortune's  tricks.     I  fall  from  her. 


Fortune 

says  the 
Ne§t8  are 
iBcii  of  the 
lij);hest  de* 
giee. 


These  Princes 
and  Lurds 


can  never  be 
sale  auainst 
mutability. 


against  trea- 
son and 
poison. 

[leaf  255,  bk.] 


Wlien  For- 
tune smiles 
on  Folk,  she 
lies  in  wait  to 
trick  em. 


[Stowe,  leaf  328]    19632 


P  leegis  echone  Tib.]    1 9  G  3  6 
[*OrTib.,  OffC,  ofSt.] 


H  Dame  Fortune  ^ :  i[>  Tib.,  om.  c] 

*  The  nestys  hih  vp-on  the  tre, 
That  ben  hyest  off  degre, 
Ben  they  off  ryht  and  good  resou?i 
That  eutre  by  successiou«, 
As  kynges,  by  iust  enherytau?ice, 

Whom  that  trOUthe  lyst  avau^ice^    [2  troutUe  habundaunce  Tib.] 

Only  by  lyneal  dyscent, 
Hys  lyges  echon^  off  assent ; 
Or,*  for  lak  off  successiou?*, 
Swyche  as  by  ellecctou« 
Ben  reysed  vp  to  hih  degre, 
As  many  p/-aices  and  lordys  be. 

'  Thogh  I  to  hem  have  envye. 
To  reve  hem  off  ther  Kegalye, 
Yet,  thogh  I  ther-to  haue  no  niyght 
ft'or  to  robbe  hewi  off  ther  ryht, 
Yet  (who  lyst  looke  wiih  Eyen  cler) 
They  be  f ul  off te  in  my  dau?jger ; 
ffor  they  may  nat  assuryd  be 
Ageyn  my  mutabylyte, 
Nor  ageyn  my  mortal  stryff ; 
ffor  offte  sythe  they  lese  her  lyff 
By  compassyng  off  ffals  Tresouw, 
By  mordre  also,  and  poysouw. 
And  trewly,  al  thys  frowardnesse 
Ys  tookned^  by  the  crookydnesse 
Off  my  staff  and  off  my  crok, 
"Wrong  ^  at  the  ende,  as  ys  an  hook. 

'  And  whan  I  loke  wiih  Eyen  cler, 
Lawhe  on  ffolk,''^  and  make  hem  cher,  [-  folk,  om.  Tib.,  foike  st.] 
Thanne  lygge  I  rathest  in  a-wayt, 
ffor  to  don  hem  som  deceyt. 

'  Lo,  her  ys  al ;  go  forth*  thy  way  ; 
And  truste  wel,  yift'  that  I  may. 
What  weye  eue;-e  that  thow  go, 

Or  thy  pylgrymage  be  do, —  19664 

Tourne  yt  to  sour,  outher  to  swete,— 
Onys  I  shal  yet^  ^viih  the  mete.'  ptherst.] 

U  Fortune  is  walkyd.^*^  ['"  Tib.,  om.  c,  .st.i 


19610 


[Tib.,  leaf  62]     19614 


19648 


19652 


[}  tokenyd  St.] 


["wrongest.]    19656 


19660 

[8  ffortlie  Tib.,  fortbe 
St.,  foth  C] 


Cast  off  hy  Fortune,  I  am  disconsolate.  525 

And  fPortune  wente  her  Avay  A-noon. 

And  also  sone  as  she  was  gon,  19668 

I  stood  in  dred  and  in  gret  doute 
Vp-on  hyr  whel  turnynge  aboute, 
Tyl  that/  by  renoluciou7i,  ['  That  i.  Tib.] 

12  was  cast  fEul  lowe  A-doun,  [Mom.Tib.]  19672 

By  power  off  that^  double  quene ;  ['  the  Tib.] 

ffor,  I  myghte  me  nat  sustene, 
In  iupartye  and  in  gret  dred, 
Wysshynge  that  I  hadde  be  ded.  [stowe,  leaf  238,  back]  19676 

And  in  trouble  and  gret  peyne,    [Tib.,  leaf  62,  back] 


The  Pilgrim. 

Fortune  de- 
parts, 


and  I  am 
tlirown  from 
her  wheel. 


[1  lyffe  St.] 


19680 


[Stowe] 
[6  fill,  om.  Tib.] 


19684 


[f>  sharp  highe  St.] 


Thamie  I  gan  my  sylff*  co?»pleyne, 
Dysconsolaat  off  al  vertu, 
Only  for  lak  off  Grace  Dieu, 
That  was  whylom  to  me  ffrendly, 
Whom  I  ha  lost  thorgh  my  foly, 
Wher-off  I  felte  ful^  gret  offence, 
That  I  forsook  so  penytence, 
Only  (alias  !)  for  lak  off  grace, 
By  hyr  sharpe  heggh^  to  passe, 
Wher  I  myhte  have  had  socours, 
And  medycyne  to  my/i  Errours, 
By  hyr  spyrytual  doctryne 
ffro  the  Avyche  I  dyde  enclyne. 
Alias,  my  woful  aventure, 
That  I  leffte  myw  Armure 
Behynde  me,  alias,  in  veyn  ! 

But  yiff  I  myhte  hem  gete  ageyn,'^ 
I  sholde^  lyue  bettre  in  pes,  [s  would  st.]  19695 

And  no  mor  ben  so  rekeleS  ;  ^     ['  rekeles  Tib.,  rekles  C,  recles  St.] 

But,  alias  my  woful  ffaate  ! 

I  make  my  cdwipleynt  al  to  late ; 

ffor  I  stonde  in  Iupartye 

Only  off  deth,  thorgh  my  ffolye.  19700 

Alias !  what  may  I  now  best  werche  % 

0  sacramentys  off  the  clierche, 

1  hope  by  grace  wel  certeyn, 

I  receyvede  yow  nat  in  veyn ;  19704 

But  now,  alias,  that  I  am  falle, 

I  ha  lost  yowjio  on  and"  alio,    [1" IZIZm.f'  '^'^" ^'''"'  ^''^ 


19688 


19692 

['  ageyn  Tib.,  hole  in  MS.  C, 
get  them  agayne  St.] 


I  lament  my 
loss  of  Grace 
Dieu, 


[leaf25G] 

and  my  hav- 
ing lett  my 
armour 
behind, 


I  am  in 

jeopardy. 


520       The  White  Dove  aj^j^cars,  with  a  Bill  from  Grace  Dicu 


The  Pl/i/i'im. 

I  find  110 
support  in 
my  scrip  and 
staff. 


Wlien  I  first 
saw  the 
vision  of  the 
Heavenly 
City, 


I  was  eager 
to  go  tliere. 


Now  I  am 
stopt,  and  I 
weep. 


[leaf  256,  bk.] 
Hut  soon  the 
white  dove 
appears  to 
me  with  a 
bill 


from  Grace 
J)ieu, 
givinpf  me 
advice. 


And  ha  no  sustentac*ouw 

In  my  skryppe  nor  my  bordouw,  19708 

Wher-on  that  I  may  lenii  me, 

Toward  Jerusalem  the  cyte. 

And  thogh  al  day  I  studye  a7ul  muse, 
HoAv  shal  I  my  sylff  excuse,  19712 

Or  what  answere^  shal  I  make, 
Off  al  that  I  ha  vndertake. 
And  behilite  in  my  corage. 

To  fulfyllii  my  vyage,  1971 G 

What 2  fyrst  I  hadde  inspecciou?i    [^  (?  whan.)  what  st.] 
Off  that  noble  Eoyal  tonn, 
Wyth-Inne  A  merour,  shene  and  bryht, 
Wych  gaff  to  me  so  cler  a  lyht,  19720 

That  ther-wyth-al  I  was  a-noon  [stowe,  ieaf.'i2'.t] 

Eavysshed,  thyder  for  to  gon ; 
But  I  may  synge  '  weyllaway ' ; 

I  am  arestyd  on  the  way,  19724 

And  dystourblyd  her,  wepynge. 

And  whyl  I  lay  thus  c6?».pleynynge, 
And  knewh  non  helpe  nor  respyt, 
A-noon  ther  kam  A  dowe  whyht  19728 

ToAvardys  me,  by  goddys  wylle, 
And  brouhte  me  a  lytel  bylle. 

And  vndyde  yt  in  my  syht ;  19731' 

And  affter  that  she  took  hyr  flyht,  [st.  &  c] 

And,  fro  me  gan  passe  away. 

And  I,  with-ont'6  mor  delay, 
Gan  the  bylliJ  to  vnfolde ; 
And  ther-in  I  gan  beholde, 
How  Grace  dieu,  to  my?i  avayl, 
In  that  bylle  gaff  me  cou?Jsayl, 
'  That  I  sholde,  ful  hu?Hblely 
Knelynge  on  my  knes,^  deuoutly 
Raluii,  with  fful  good  avys, 
The  blyssede  quen  off  paradys, 
Wych  bar,  for  Our  savacum,'^  [*  savation  st.]  19743 


1973G 


PonkncsSt.]     19740 


1  Some  leaves  are  out  of  Tib.  A.  vii,  after  these  catchwords, 
'  Or  what  answcre,' 


and  an  ABC  Prayer,  which  the  Foct  Chaucer  englisht.  527 


The  ffrut  off  Our  redenipcion  ^  ['  reaemtion  St.] 

And  the  ffournie  off  thys  prayers 

Ys  ywrete,  as  ye  shal  here, 

In  Ordre  pleynly  (who  kan  se) 

By  nianer  off  An  .A.  b.  c.  ; 

And  ye  may  knowe  yt  sone,  and  rede, 

And  seyn  yt  wlian  that  ye  ha  nede. 

the  translator  2;  [2  st.,  om.  c] 

And  touchynge  the  translaciou?i 

Off  thys  noble  Orysouw,  19752 

AVhylom  (yiff  I  shal  nat  feyne) 
The  noble  poete  off  Ereteyne, 
My  mayster  Chaucer,  in  hys  tyme, 
Affter  the  Frenche  he  dyde  yt  rynie,  19756 

"Word  by  word,  as  in  substauwce, 
Eyght  as  yt  ys  ymad  in  Frauwce, 
fful  devoutly,  in  sentence, 

In  worshepe,  and  in  reuere7jce  197GO 

Off  that  noble  hevenly  queue, 
Bothe  moder  and  a  mayde  clene. 

And  sythe,  he  dyde  yt  vndertake, 
ffor  to  translate  yt  ffor  hyr  sake,  19764 

I  pray  thys  [Queue]  that  ys  the  beste,       [c.  &  st.j 
ffor  to  brynge  hys  soule  at  reste,  „ 

That  he  may,  thorgh  hir  pray  ere,  l^'^^^^^j'^"''"'^-^'  „ 
Aboue  the  sterrys  bryht  and  clcre,  „     19768 

Off  hyr  mercy  and  hyr  grace 
Apere  aff orn  hyr  sonys  fface,  [C.  &  St.] 

Wyth  seyntys  euere,  for  A  memory e, 
Eternally  to  regne^  in  glorye.     [» regme  c,  rengne  St.]  19772 

And  ffor  memoyre  off  that  poete, 
Wyth  al  hys  rethorykes  swete, 
That  was  the  ffyrste  in  any  age 

That  amendede  our  langage  ;  19776 

Therfore,  as  I  am  bouwde  off  dette, 
In  thys  book  I  wyl  hym  sette. 
And  ympen  thys  Oryson 

Affter  hys  translac'ion,  19780 

My  purpos  to  determyne, 
That  yt  shal  enlwmyue 


Tlie  PUorim. 

ami  a  form  of 
prayer, 


19748    like  an  ABC, 


translated 
by  Chaucee 
from  the 
French. 


[leaf  257] 


May  tlie 
Queen  of 
Heaven  give 
him  a  plate 
above  the 
stars ! 


He  was  the 
first  to  amend 
our  language. 

His  poem 
will  be  in- 
serted here, 
as  a  set-off 
to  the  writer's 
debt, 


;28 


Chaucer s  ABC  Prayer  to  the   Virgin. 


in  order  that 
folk  may  see 
Our  Lady's 
ABC. 


Thys  lytyl  book,  End  off  makyng, 
Wyth  som  clause  off  hys  wrytyng.^ 

And  as  he  made  thys  Orysomi 
Off  fill  devout  entenciouw, 
And  by  maner  off  a  prayere, 
Ryht  so  I  wyl  yt  settyn  here, 
That  men  may  knowe  and  pleyuly  se 
Off  Our  lady  the  .A.  b.  c.2 


19784 


19788 


Queen  of 
Pity. 


I  flee  to  tliee. 


Have  mercy 
on  mc  I 


Thou  wilt 
help  me. 


Seven  thieves 
chuse  iiie. 


[MS.  Ff.  V.  30,  Camb.  Univ.  Libr.,  leaf  112,  back.] 

Incipit  carmen  sec?«jd?<m  ordinem  LitterBxum 
alphabet!. 


A' 


(1.   A.) 
1  mihty  and  al  merciable  queene,       ^  Cap™  Ivii" 
To  whom  paf  al  fis  world  fleeth  for  socour, 
To  haue  relees  of  sinne,  of  sorwe  and  teene, 

Gloriowse  vh'gine,  of  alll-  floures  flour,  19794 

To  pee  j  flee,  confownded  in  errour ; 

Help  and  releeue,  fou  mihti  debonayre  ! 
Haue  mercy  on  my  perilous  langour ! 

Venquisshed  me  hath  my  cruelle  aduej'saire  19798 

(2.    B.) 
Bountee  so  fix  hath  in  pin  herte  his  tente, 
)5af  Avel  j  wot*  thou  wolf  my  socour  bee. 
Jjou  cansf  not*  warne  him,  pat  with  good  entente 

Axeth  pin  helpe  ;  pin  herte  is  ay  so  free ;  19802 

}jou  arf  largesse  of  pleyn  felicitee, 

Hauene  of  refute,  of  quiete  and  of  reste. 
Loo  how  pat  theeves  sevene  chasen  mee ! 

Help,  lady  briht,  er  pat  my  ship  to-breste  !   1980G 

'  Compare  Scogan's  quoting  Chaucer's  Balaclc  of  Gentiln-esse, 
though  without  its  Envoy,  in  hi.s  Poem  to  his  pupils,  Henry 
IV.'s  son.s.  Thynne's  Chaucer,  1532,  leaf  380,  back,  col.  1; 
Urry's,  p.  547,  col.  1. 

2  The  remainder  of  this  leaf,  257  of  the  MS.,  is  left  blank, 
the  scribe  never  having  copied-in  Chaucer's  poem.  It  is  printed 
above  from  the  first  of  the  Society's  Parallel-Texts.  John  Stowe 
also  left  blank  three  leaves  of  his  copy,  putting  A,  13,  C,  etc., 
where  the  successive  stauza.s  should  .start. 


Chmiccrs  ABC  Prayer  to  the   Virgin.  529 

(3.    C.) 

Comfort*  is  noon,  but  in  yow  ladi  deere ;  c/iaucei-. 

ffor,  loo,  my  sinne  and  my  confusiozin  comfoit  is  in 

,  ''  t'lee  aloue. 

(A\nnch  ouhten  not*  in  pi  presence  appeere,) 

Han  take  on  me  a  greevous  accio?in.  19810 

Of  verrey  rilit*  and  desperacio?in  ; 

And  as  bi  riht*,  fei  militen  wel  susteene 
Jjat*  j  were  wurjji  my  dampnacio?^n, 

'Neve  mei-ci  of  you,  blisful  lieuene  queene  !     19814 

(4.    D.) 
DOwte  is  per  noon,  \)oii  queen  of  misericorde, 
pat  pou  nart  cause  of  grace  and  merci  heere ; 
God  vouched  saf,  thoruh  bee,  yvith  us  to  accorde  :  tih-u  Uiee, 

•*  Goil  was  re- 

lior,  certes,  crystes  blisful  mooder  deere,  19818   ">"ciiedto 

Were  now  pe  bowii  benf  in  swich  maneere     [loaf  113] 

As  it  was  first*,  of  justice  and  of  jre, 
j)e  rihtful  god,  nolde  of  no  mercy  heere  ; 

But*  thoruli  pee  han  we  grace,  as  we  desire.  19822 

(5.    E.) 
Euere  hatli  myn  hoije  of  refuit  been  in  bee  :  My  hope  of 

.  refuge  has 

Hor  heer  biforn,  ful  ofte,  in  many  a  wyse  been  ever  in 

Hast*  pou  to  misericorde  resceyued  me  ; 

But*  nierci,  ladi,  at*  pe  grete  assyse,  19826 

Whan  we  shule  come  bifore  pe  hye  iustyse  ! 

So  litel  fruit  shal  panne  in  me  be  founde,   "^^  jfsi'"" 

}jat*,  but  pou  er  pat*  day  hue  wel^  chastysei,  ^'j^J'.l':','^" 

Of  verrey  riht*  my  werk  me  wolc  confownde.  19830 

(6.    F.) 
Fleeinge,  j  flee  for  socour  to  pi  tente, 

Me  for  to  hide  from  tempeste  ful  of  dreede, 
Biseeching  yow,  pat  ye  you  not  absente 

pouh  i  be  wikke,  0,  help  yit*  at*  bis  neede  !       19834    Help  me  at 
Al  haue  j  ben  a  beste  in  wil  and  deede, 
Yit,  ladi,  pou  me  clopii  with  pi  grace ! 
j)'m  enemy  and  myn,  (ladi,  tak  heede  !) 

Vn-to  my  deth,  in  poynt*  is  me  to  chace.       19838 

(7.   G.) 
Gloriows  mayde  and  mooder,  which  p«t  neuere 
AVere  bitter,  neipe?*  in  eerpe  nor  in  see, 

PILGRIMAGE.  M  M 


530 


Chaucer' a  ABC  Prayer  to  the    Virgin. 


Speak  lor  inc, 


or  I  shall  go 
to  Hell ! 


Christ  won 
pardon  for 
every  peni- 
tent. 


When  a  man 
errs,  thou 
setst  him 
straight. 


Queen  of 
comfort,  let 
not  my  Foe 
fret  my 
wound ! 


Ia'I  not  the 
Fiend  brag 


But*  ful  of  svvetnesse,  &  of  merci  euere, 

Help,  fat  my  fader  be  not  wroth  Avith  me  !       19842 
Spek  Jjou  !  for  j  ne  dar  not  him  ysee. 

So  haue  j  doon  in  eerfe,  (alias  fer-wliile  !) 
)3af  certes,  but  if  Jjou  my  socour  bee, 

To  stink  et<:'rne,  he  wole  my  gost  exile.  19846 

(8.    H.) 
He  vouched  saaf,  tel  him,  as  was  his  wille,    [leaf  i is,  back] 

Bicomen  a  man,  to  haue  oure  dlliaunce ; 
And  with  his  precious  blood  he  wrof  pe  bille 

Vp-on  j)e  crois,  as  general  Acquitaunce  19850 

To  euery  Penitent  in  ful  criaunce  ; 

And  ))erfore,  ladi  brihf ,  jjou  for  us  praye  ! 
J?a?me  shalt  ]>o\x  bojjii  stinte  al  his  greuaunce, 

And  make  oure  foo  to  fallen  of  his  praye.      19854 

(9.    I.) 
I  wof  it  wel,  ])ou  wolf  ben  oure  socour, 
jjou  art*  so  ful  of  bowntee  in  certeyn ; 
Ifor,  Avhan  a  soulii  falleth  in  errour, 

fi  pitee  goth  &  haleth  him  ayein  j  19858 

fawne  makesf  J)ou  his  pees  with  his  souereyn. 
And  bringest  him  out*  of  Jie  crooked  strete. 
Who  so  ))ee  loueth,  he  shal  not*  loue  in  veyn  ; 

)5at  shal  he  fynde,  as  he  \e,  lyf  shal  lete.        19862 

{10.   K.) 
Kalendeeres  enlumyniid  ben  Jjei 

Jjaf  in  fis  world  ben  lighted  with  J)i  name ; 
And  who-so  goth  to  yow  fie  rihtii  wey, 

Him  thar  not*  drede  in  soulii  to  be  lame.  19866 

Now,  queen  of  comforf,  sithe  J)ou  art*  fat  same 

To  whom  j  seeche  for  my  medicyne.     ['  ms.  vntame] 
Laf  not*  my  foo  no  more  my  wo?inde  entame  ^ ; 
Myn  hele,  iu-to  fin  hand,  al  j  resyne.  19870 

(11.    L.) 
Ladi,  jji  sorwe  kan  j  uof  portreye 

Vnder  f  e  cros,  ne  his  greevous  penaunce ; 
But,  for  youre  bofes  jieyniis,  j  yow  preye, 

Lat  not*  oure  alder  foo  make  his  bobaunce,         19S74 
Jpaf  he  hath,  in  hise  lystiis  of  mischaunce,       [leuf  at] 


Chmtccr's  A  B  C  Prayer  to  the    Virgin. 


581 


Conuiclr  j?at  ye  bojjc  liauii  boulit  so  dcere. 
As  j  seide  ersf,  pou  gro?fnd  of  oure  substauuce, 
Continue  on  us  pi  pitous  eyen  cleere !  19878 

(12.    M.) 
Moises,  Jjcct  sauh  J?e  bush  with  flawmiis  rede 

Brenniugc,  of  which  ])er  newer  a  stikke  brendc, 
was  signe  of  fin  vnwemmed  maidenhede. 

jpou  art*  )3o  busli  on  which  ]>ev  gan  descende      19882 
\)ii  Holigosf,  j)e  wliich  paf  Moyses  wende 
Had  ben  a-fyir  :  and  J)is  was  in  figure. 
Now,  ladi,  from  jje  fyir  ))ou  us  deufende, 

which  fat  in  helle  eternalli  shal  dure  !  19886 

(13.    K) 
Noble  princesse,  fat  neueve  haddest  peere  ! 

Certes,  if  any  comfort^  in  us  bee, 
Jjaf  conieth  of  fee,  fou  cristes  mooder  deere. 

We  han  noon  oofe^/-  melodye  or  glee,  19890 

Vs  to  reioyse  in  oure  aduersitee  ; 

Ne  aduocat*  noon,  fat  wole,  &  dar  so  preye 
ffor  us,  and  fat  for  litel  hire  as  yee, 

)3at  helpen  for  an  Aue-Marie  or  tweye.  19894 

(14.    0.) 
O  verrey  light  of  eyen  fat  ben  blynde ! 
0  ve>Tey  lust  of  labour  and  distresse  ! 
0  tresoreere  of  bowntee  to  mankynde  ! 

)?ee  whom  god  ches  to  moode?-  for  humblesse  !  19898 
ffrom  his  ancille  he  made  f e  maistresse 

Of  heuene  &  eerfe,  oure  bille  up  for  to  beede. 
Jjis  world  awaiteth  euere  on  fi  goodnesse, 

ilor  fou  ne  failest  neuej-e  wight  at  neede!      19902 
(15.    P.) 
Purpos  I  haue,  sum  time  for  to  enquere,    [ie.ifiu,imck] 

Wherfore  and  whi  f e  Holi  Gosf  fee  souhte  : 
Whan  Gabrielles  vois  cam  to^  fin  ere,        ['Ms.vnto] 
He,  not*  to  werre  us,  swich  a  wunder  wrouhte,  19906 
But*  for  to  saue  us  fat  he  sithen  bouhte. 

panne  needeth  us  no  wepene  us  for  to  saue, 
But  oonly  fer  we  diden  not,  as  us  ouhto, 

Doo  penitence,  and  merci  axe  and  haue.        19910 


that  he  has 
mind  me ' 


Defend  us 
from  Hell 
fire! 


You,  Lady, 
are  our  sole 
and  unpaid 
advocate. 


0  light  of  th 
blind, 


mother  of 
Christ, 


thou  failest 
no  one  in 
need. 


We've  only 
to  repent,  to 
ask  for 
mercy,  and 
have  it. 


582 


Chaucer's  A  B  C  Prayer  to  the   Virgin. 


To  wl\iiin 
shall  1  flee. 


Chastise  me. 


judge,  and 
heal  me ! 


God  forgives 
only  those 
who  please 
thee. 


I  bring  my 
penitent  soul 
to  thee. 


(16.   Q.) 
Queen  of  comfort*,  yit  whan  j  me  bitliinke 

faf  j  agilt*  haue  bofe  him  and  fee, 
And  faf  my  soule  is  wurthi  for  to  sinke, 

Alias,  j,  caityf,  whider  may  I  flee?  19914 

Who  shal  vn-to  J)i  sone  my  mene  bee  ? 

Who  buf  pi-self,  J)af  art*  of  pitee  wells. 
j5ou  hasf  more  reuthe  on  oure  adue/'sitee, 

)5an  in  fis  world  miht*  any  tunge  telle.  19918 

(17.   E.) 
Redressii  me,  mooder,  and  me  chastise  ! 
fEor  certeynly,  my  faderes  chd,stisinge, 
jjat*  dar  j  nouhf  abiden  in  no  wise;  19921 

So  hidous  is  hys^  rihful  rekenynge   CMS-iti^:  .""<;'•  I'js 
Moodfir,  of  whom  oure  merci  gan  to  springe 
Beth  ye  my  juge,  &  eek  my  soules  leche ; 
ifor  eue^-e  in  you  is  pitee  hdboundinge 

To  eche,  Jjaf  wole  of  pitee  you  biseeche.        19926 

(18.    S.) 
Soth  is,  \)aV  God  ne  granteth  no  pitee 

With-oute  pee ;  for  God,  of  his  goodnesse, 
fforyiveth  noon,  but*  it*  like  vn-to  pee. 

He  hath  pee  maked,  vicair  &  maistresse  19930 

Of  al  pe  world,  and  eek  gouernowresse      [leaf  iis] 

Of  heuene ;  and  he  represseth  his  iustise 
After  pi  wil ;  and  perfore,  in  witnesse, 

He  hath  pee  coroAvned  in  so  rial  wise.  19934 

(19.    T.) 
Temple  deuouf,  \ier  god  hath  his  woninge, 

fEro  which  pese  misbileeued  dep/iued^  been  ! 
To  you,  my  soule  penitent"  j  bringe.       t' ^Laud mss.? "'"* 
Resceyue  me  !  I  can  no  ferpere  fleen.  19938 

With  thornes  venymous,  0  heuene  queen, 
ffor  which  pe  eerpe  acursed  was  ful  yore, 
I  am  so'^  wo?/nded,  as  yc  may  wel  seen,    ['om.  ms.] 
pat*  j  am  lost*  ahnost* ;  it*  smert*  so  sore.  19942 

(20.    V.) 
Virgine,  pat*  art*  so  noble  of  apparaile, 
And  ledest*  us  in-to  pe  hye  toui'' 


Chaucer s  ABC  Prayer  to  the    Virgin. 


533 


199iG 


[»  MS.  IVesli] 

19950 

[2-  =  Clii-islus] 
[»  MS.  cek  suttred] 

19964 


19958 


[leaf  Hf),  back] 


Of  Paradys  !  J)OU  me  wisse,  and  connsaile 
How  j  may  liaue  J)i  grace  &  J)i  socour, 
All  haue  j  beu  in  filthe  and  in  errour. 
Ladi,  vn-to  fat  court*  )>ou  me  aiourne, 
)?af  cleped  is  \\  bench,  0  freshe^  flour, 
)5er-as  J?af  nierci  euere  slial  soiourne. 

(21.    X  =  Ch.) 
Xpc-  jji  sone,  fat  in  fis  world  alighte, 
Vp-on  jje  cros  to  suffre  liis  passiown, 
And  eek^  J?«t  Longius  his  herte  pighte, 
And  made  his  herte  blood  to  renne  ado^m 
And  al  was  pis  for  my  saluaciown ; 
And  j  to  him  am  fals,  and  eek  vnkynde  ; 
And  yit  he  wole  not*  my  dampnacio/m  : 
Jjis  thanke  j  yow,  socour  of  al  mankynde. 

(22.    Y.) 
Ysaac*  was  figure  of  his  deth,  certeyn, 
]?af  so  fer-forth  his  fader  wolde  obeye, 
fat  him  ne  rouhte  no-thing  to  be  slayn  ; 
Riht*  soo  fi  sone  lust,  as  a  lamb,  to  deye. 
Now,  ladi  ful  of  me?"ci,  j  yow  prej'e, 
Sithe  he  his  merci  mesured  so  large, 
Be  ye  nof  skant* !  for  alle  we  singe  &  seye 
Jjaf  ye  ben  from  vengeawnce  ay  oure  targe. 

(23.    Z.) 
Zachdrie  yow  clepeth  fe  opene  welle 
To  wasshc  sinful  soule  out*  of  his  gilt* ; 
Jje/-fore  fis  lessoMii  ouht  j  wel  to  telle, 
}jaf ,  nere  fi  tender  herte^  we  weren  spilt*. 
Kow,  ladi  bryjtc,*  sithe  fou  canst  and  wilt*, 
Ben  to  fe  seed  of  Adam  merciable,      p  ms.  om.,  biy3t  Gy.] 
And^  bring  us  to  fat*  pala'is  fat  is  bilf  [=  AndJoim's  ms. o>n.] 
To  penitentes  fat  ben  to  merci  able !     Amen  !      19974 

51  Explicit*  carmen. 


Lady,  lead 
me  to  thy 
Court  of 
Mercy ! 


19962 


1996G 


Christ  shed 
His  blood  for 
lue. 


As  Christ 
died  for  ine, 
do  you. 


Lady,  shield 
luc ! 


19970 


liriiig  us  to 
the  Palace 
built  for 
peuiteiits ! 


"Whan  T,  wyth  good  deuoc'i'ou??,  [stowe,  leaf  sso] 

Hadde^  sayd  thys  Orysou?i,         [« whau  with  g.  d.  i  iiad  st.] 
Off  the  ffloodys  the  grete  Eage 
Gawne  somwhat  to  a-s\vage, 


[leaf  258] 
The  Pilgrim. 


The  waves 
began  to 
^        aliate  after 
199<8    this  prayer. 


534  The  tvjo  halves  of  the  Lady  Astronomy -Astrology. 

The  piigrinu   And  the  wyiides,  for  \\\yn  ese, 
Gan  ill  party  to  apese. 

The  whel  I  leffte,  off  ffortune, 
"VVych  selde  m  Onii^  doth  contune ;  [i  one  St.,  on  c]  19982 
I  swam  forth,  in  fill  gret  ffer ; 
I  knew  no  wayii,  her  ne  ther ; 
Tyl  at  the  laste,  off  grace,  I  fond 
A  verray  iytel  hyl  off  sond,  19986 

And  thyderward  I  gan  me  dresse, 
To  restii  me  for  Averynesse. 

And  there,  in  soth,  A-noon  I  ffond 
A  lady  wrytynge  in  the  sond,  19990 

Lokynge  toAvard  the  ffyrmament 
Thorgh  a  Iytel  instrument. 

A-nother  lady  I  sawh  ek  ther, 
That  lenede  hyre  on  A  red  sper :  19994 

I  myhtii  nat  beholde  her  wel, 
ffor  I  sawh  but  the  halvendel 
Off  hyr  body,  nor  hyr  fasown ; 

And  (as  to  my?^  inspecciou?? ,)       [stuwe,  leaf  sso,  back]  19998 
In  hyr  hand  she  held  a  spere, 
Lokynge  vp  on  tlie  sterrys  clere. 

And  douji  I  sat,  and  gan  beholde 
Thys  .ij.  ladyes  off  wych  I  tolde ;  20002 

ffor  I  was  wery  off  travaylle. 
And  yiff  yt  myhte  me  avaylle, 
I  dyde  also  my  besy  peyne 
To  sen  the  maner  off  he?M  tweyne.  2000G 

And  to  hyre  (A-noon  ryht,) 
That  was  but  halff  On^  in  my  syht,  [^onest.] 

I  sayde  a-non  as  ye  shal  here, 
So?»what  abaysshed  off  my  chere  :  20010 

[The  Pilgrim:] 
"  Tel  on,"  (\ii,od  I,  "  lat  me  se ; 
Be  ther  swych  monstres  in  thys^  Se  ['ye  St.] 

Abydynge,  lyk  as  ye  do  seme  % 

ffor  I  kan  noon  other  deme,  20014: 

But,  monstres  that  ye  sholde  be, 
By  sygniJs  outward  that  I  se. 
Yiff  thow  mayst  spekc,  nat  ne  si)are, 


I  reach  a  hill 
ofeainl. 


and  find  one 
laily  wilting 
in  the  sand, 


and  another 
lady  leaning 
(in  a  red 
spear. 


I  see  only 
half  tlie  body 
of  the  Lady 
Astronomy- 
Astrology. 


[leaf  258,  bk.] 
I  aslc  her  if 
til  is  sea  pro- 
duces sudi 
monsters  as 
she  is. 


Tlic  visible  half  of  the  Lady  is  cald  Astronomy. 


535 


20022 


20026 

[2  St.,  om.  C] 


"  The  trouthe  to  me  for  to  declare."  20018 

Astrology  :  ^  c  st.,  om.  c] 

(^iiod  she,  '  I  may  spekii  wel, 

Ami  I  ha  lost  ek  neue/-adel 

Off  my  speche  nor  language. 

And  thogh  I  shews  to  thy  vysage, 

IMy-sylff,  but  halff  on,  in  thy  syht, 

Wych  halff  (who  so  loke  a-ryht) 

Ys  ryht  noble  and  honurable, 

And  also  ryht  Auctorysable.' 
Pilgrime :  ^ 

"  Touchyng  thys  halff,  tel  on  clerly, 

What  maner  thyng  ye  mene  ther-by. 

The  tother  part,  what  sholde  yt  be, 

Wych  as  now  I  may  nat  se  ] "  20030 

Astrology  :  ^  [■'  St.,  ?  striogye  {in  margin)  C] 

'  Certys,  (thogh  thow  yt  nat  espye,) 

She  ys  callyd  Astronomye, 

Wych  ys  wont  to  wake  a-nyht. 

To  loke  vp  on  the  sterrys  bryht.  20034 

Off  whom,  whylom  thus  stood  the  cas  : 

In  Egypt  ffyrst  she  norysshed  was, 

Of  thylkii  noble  prudent  kyng 

Wych  excellede  in  konnyng,  20038 

And  was  callyd  (as  thow  mayst  se) 

The  noble  wyse  Tholomee, 

(So  thys  clerkys  Okie  hy»^  calle,) 

That  ffond  the  cours  off  sterrys  alle,  [stowe,  lear  ssi]  20012 

Mevynge  in  ther  bryhtii  sperys, 

Eothe  be  dayes  and  by  yerys  ; 

How  that  tliey  meve,  long  or  sone, 

And  the  cours  oft'  sonne  and  mone ;  20046 

Ifond  out  the  eclypses  (by  resom;)  [c.&st.] 

In  the  tayl  off  the  dragouw. 

Or  in  the  hed  (wz't/i-oute  lake) ; 

The  cours  ek  off  the  zodyake.  ,,     20050 

'  And  many  mo  conclusiouws 
Off  hevenly  transmutaci'ouHS 
He  ffond  al  out,  by  gret  labour ; 
Wher-ffore,  worshep  and  grot  honour,  20054 


Aslrotoffi/ 


says  tl\at  the 
half  of  her  I 


T/ie  Pihirim. 

I  ask  wliat 
tlie  visible 
half  is, 

and  what  the 
invisible. 


Tlie  visible 
part  is  Astro- 
nomy, 


nourisht  first 
ill  Egypt, 


by  Ptolemy, 


who  found 
out  the 
courses  of 
the  stars. 


[leaf25;t] 
the  eclipses. 


and  the 
zodiac. 


536 


The  Lady  Astrology  justifies  her  teaching. 


Astrology. 

whereby  lie 
gaiiiil  great 
honour. 


Constella- 
tions 


have  influ- 
ences on  the 
earth 


wliicli  are 
cald  Neces- 
sity, 

or  Natural 
Dominion, 
on  account 
of  which  her 
invisible  half 
is  nainej 
Astrology, 


[leaf  2r)9,  bk.] 
and  termd 
superstitious. 


But  consider: 


'  Tliys  worthy  kyng  gat  in  hys  tyuie, 

"VVycli  wer  to  long  for  me  to  ryme. 

The  causes  and  theffectys  alle, 

Wych  off  her  mevyng  sholdii  falle  20058 

Ey  ther  mevyng,  (wit/^-oute^  lak  :)    [i  with  out  c,  St.] 

Thys  ys  the  halff  that  I  off  spak  ; 

And,  al  thys  ys  my  partye, 

Wych  I  calle  Astronomy e.  20062 

'  I  sey  also  (yiff  thow  take  hed,) 
That  ther  be  (yt  ys  no  dred) 
]\Iany  constellaciOu?is 

And  many  varyaciouws  ;  20066 

And  lyk  affter  ther  dyfferences, 
They  yive  in  erthe  influences, 
Many  dysposic'iou?is 
And  dyvers  operac'iOu?JS.  20070 

*  And  yiff  I  durstii  speke  in  pleyn, 
And  the  trouthe  ape/'tly  seyn, 
I  wolde  affermen  vu-to  the, 

To  calle  al  thys  '  Necessyte,'  20074 

Or  name  yt  '  Dysposicioun,' 
Or  '  K^aturel  Domynyom^.' 
And  therfor,  toucyhng  al  thys  Art, 
Namyd  for  the  tother  part,  20078 

I  am  callyd  '  Astrologye ; ' 
The  tother  part,  '  Astronomye.' 

'  And  be-cause  I  telle  more 
Thau  Astronomye  dyde  off  yore,  20082 

Off  ffolk  to  me-ward  envyous, 
Calle  me  *  supers tycyous,' 
Be-cause  off  the  dyfference, 

Tliat  I  glosii  the  scyence,  [c.  &  St.]  20086 

Andexpoune  it  (for  &  nere)  ,, 

Ryht  as  me  lyst,  on  my  nianere  ;  ,, 

And  after  myne  opinioun,  „ 

Expoune  the  COnclusyonS,  [Stowe,  leaf  S:!l,  bad;]    20090 

And  preve  them  out,  fro  day  to  day,  [c.  &  st.] 
Who  that  eue/'c  ther-to  seyth  nay.  „ 

'  ilbr,  I  pray  the,  lat  now  se,  ,, 

How  myhte  yt  falle,  or  elles  be,  „     20094 


The  differing  Dispositions  of  Men  arc  due  to  the  Stars.  537 


20098 


20102 


[-  contrary  &  dispitious  St.] 

20106 


20110 


'  ffor  to  deme  yt  off  resoiuj 

Ey  cler^  demonstraczoiwj,  [icierest.] 

Her  in  thys  world,  (by  good  avys,) 

On  ys  a  fool,  A-notber  wys ; 

Tbys  man  glad,  tbat  man  Irons ; 

He  lovynge,  he  envyous  ; 

On,  ffrowny?^g,  lokyiig  nat  ffayre ; 

A-nother,  off  cber  ys  debonayre  ; 

A-nother,  off  port  ys  gracyous ; 

A-nother,  contrayre  and  despytous  ; 

On,  stedefast,  A-notlier  vnstable ; 

A-nother,  in  loue  varyable. 

On  Avyl  do  ryht,  A-notber  wrong ; 

Tbys  man  ys  ffeble,  tbat  ma?i  ys  strong 

Thys  man  pensyff,  that  man  ys  sad, 

He  thys  ys  Avroth,  he  tbat  ys  glad  ; 

Thys  man  hasty  in  werkynge. 

Another  ys  soffte  and  Abydynge  ; 

Tbys  man  ys  bevy,  tbat  man  ys  ]yht ; 

Tbys  goth  be  day,  tbat  man  be  nyht;  20114 

On  vseth  troutbe,  he  trecherye, 

And  to  stele  by  Roberye. 

0  man  ys  trewe,  A-nother  ffals, 

And  somme  Arn  bangyd  by  the  hals ;  20118 

And  (who  lyst  loken  her-wytli-al,) 

O  man  ys  gret,  A-nother  smal ; 

Som  man  louetb  wysdam  and  scyence  • 

Som  man,  ryot  and  dyspence  ;  20122 

Som  man  ys  large,  so»i  man  ys  bard  ; 

Som  man  ys  ek  a  gret  nygard ;  [c.  &  St.] 

He^  thys  A  coward,  be  that  ys  bold  ;         \?  ins  St.] 

And  som  man  halt  a  good  honshold  ;  20126 

And  somme,  off  hertly  indygence, 

Ar  ff ul  streybte  off  ther  dyspence ; 

And  som  man,  durynge  al  bys  lyff, 

Kan  nat  lyve  but  in  stryff.  20130 

'  Wher-off  komen  al  thys  dyfferencys, 
But  off  bevenly  influencys, 
Ey  gouernauwce  (who  loketb  al) 
Off  the  bodyes  celestyal  ?  201 3i 


Astrology. 


we  see  some 
men  are  wise, 
others 
foolish. 


some  right, 
some  wrong. 


some  hasty, 
some  soft, 


some  true, 
some  (alse, 


[leaf  260] 


some  liberal, 
some  miserly. 


All  these 
(litlerences 
are  due  to 
celestial  in- 
fluences. 


538 


God  made,  the  tohole   World  suljcct  to  the  Stars. 


Men's  bodies 
here 


follow  their 
Constella- 
tions, which 
are  tlie 
'  second 
causes.' 


The  Creator 


made  each 
thing  work 
after  its  kind, 

as  St.  Augns- 
tiiie  records. 


[leaf  26n,bk.] 
lidth  Dame 
Fortune  and 
Charybdis 
are  under 
subjection  to 
tlie  heavens; 


.and  men 
reckon  their 
liours  and 
days  accord- 
ing to  the 
licaven's 
movements, 
good  or  bad, 


'  And  I  (lar  also  specef ye,  [stowe,  leaf  332] 

As  the  planetys  dyversefye 
Abouii,  (who  so  koude  kuowe,) 
So  the  bodyes  her  doun  lowe 
(AfPter  myn  oppynyouw) 
ffolwe  ther  constellac'/ou?i. 
ffor,  thys  philisofEres  alle, 
The  '  secou?^de  causys  '  dyde  he??i  calle  : 
Affter  ther  name  (in  wordy.s  ffewe) 
Ther  effectys  they  must  sliewe, 
Or  elk^*;  I  wolde  boldly  seyn, 
They  tooke  ther  name  but  in  veyn. 

'  Tlie  creatour,  at  begynnyng, 
Whan  he  hem  made  in  liys  werkyng, 
He  gaff  hem  power,  (clerk r*'  ffynde) 
Euerych  to  werkyn  in  hys  kynde. 
And  for  to  mevii  to  som  ffyn. 

*  And  as  the  doctour  seynt  Awsty?j 
Recordeth  shortly  in  sentence, 
The  lord,  off  hys  magnyfycence, 
Suffreth  hem,  (who-euere  muse) 
Affter  ther  kynde  her  cours  to  vse. 

'  And  dame  Fortune  ek  also, 
And  hyr  Karybdis^  bothii  two, 
'Wiili  al  hyr  domynaczou?^, 
Stant  vnder  subiecciou?? 
Off  the  hevene,  off  verray  rylit, 
Al  ^  hyr  power  and  hyr  myght 
Ys-  youe  to  hyre  at  certeyn  tymes, 
Bothe  at  Eve  and  ek  at  prymes, 
To  execute?z  hyr^  power  [nherst.] 

Vnder  the  sterrys  bryht  and  cler : 
Bothe  hyr  dedys  infortuuat, 
And  ek  hyr  werkys  ffortunat, 
Bothe  to  lawhen  and  to  wepe. 

'And,  men  muste  her^  houres  kepc, 
To  rekne  al  the  dayes  sevene 
Affter  the  mevyng  off  the  hevene ; 
Wych  be  goode.  And  wych  contrayre, 
Wych  amende,  and  wych  a-payrc. 


20138 


20142 


20146 


20150 


20154 


[1  earbdes  St.]    20158 

[C.  &  St.] 


['-2o,«.st.]  201 02 


2010G 


20170 


20174 


Homer  helicvd  in  the  Influence  of  the  Stars  on  Men.      539 


'  Aif  tcr  the  sterrys  hem  assure 
In  good,  or  in  Evele  Aventure  ; 
Wych  hourys  ben  happy  And  Ewroiis, 
And  wych  also  malicious. 

'  And  shortly,  (who  consydreth  al) 
Alf  ter  the  bodyes  celestyal, 
Lych  as  they  her  cours  done  holde. 
And  the  Stocyenes^  wolde  ^^I'lTo'eSfc.',  st.?^ 

Holden  vfiih  me,  (yiif  they  wer  here,) 
In  ther  bookys  as  they  lere. 

'  And  Mathesis  wolde  co??ferme 
Al  that  euere  I  afferme. 
Make  a  confyrmaciou/i 
Vp-on  my?i  oppyuyouw, 
By  ther  Argumente-'s  cler. 
And  the  poete  ek.  Homer, 
Whylom  merour  off  elloquence, 
Contentyth  ek  to  thys  sentence  : 
He  seyth  in  hys  wrytyng  thus  : 
At  rysyng  vp  off  Phebus, 
That  whan  hys  bemys  y-reysed  be, 
He  yiveth  ech  man  voluute 
And  wyl  (ther  kan  no  man  sey  nay,) 
How  he  shal  gouerne  hym  that  day. 

'  And  affter  Phebus  ordynau/^ce, 
So^nue  ha  sorwe,  and  som  plesamice ; 
Thys  poete  (in  conclusiou?^) 
Leueth^  on  thys  oppynyouM  :  p  levethe  St.] 

And  what-so  other  folkys  do, 
I  leue  t)ier-on  my  sylff  also  ; 
And  my  levyng  that  thow  sest  here, 
Yfouredyd  ys  on  a  red  sper  ; 
And  yiff  thow  kanst  yt  wel  espye, 
My  leuyng  doth  so  sygnefye. 

'  Now  tel  on,  and  thyn  hertii  bolde, 
Wychii  '^  party  thoAV  wylt  holde,       [^  whicUe  St.,  wycii 
And  make  a  demonstrac'i'omj 
Affter  thyn  oppynyouw ; 
And  as  thow  hast  her-in  creau/tce. 
Outlier  ffeyth  or  affyau/ice. ' 


Astroloyy. 

aR  the  stars 
certity. 


20178 


20182 


20186 


20190 


20194 


20198 


20202 


20206 


c] 
20211 


202U 


This,  the 
Stuics  hold. 


niul  Mathesis. 


And  Homer, 
the  mirror  of 
eloquence, 


says  that  the 
Siiii,  at  his 
rising. 


[leaf  2C1] 
gives  man 
will  to  rule 
himself  every 
day  J 

and  that  the 
Sun  allots 
sorrow  and 
pleasure  to 
men. 


Like  Homer, 
I  believe 
this. 


What  is  your 
opinion? 


540 


/  hold  Astrology  to  he  Sioperstition. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  feel  ahaslit 
and  afraid, 


and  I  ask 
counsel  of 
Ucasun, 


Then  I 
answer: 


[leaf  261,  bk.] 


Astrology  is 
superstition. 
You  seem  to; 
have  been 
in  the  sky. 


to  have 
discoverd 
the  stars' 
secrets, 


and  got 
Venus  to  tell 
you  wlien 
she'll  join, 


The  Pilgrim:  [st.,o>K. c] 

Whan  I  lierde  hyr  wordys  alle, 
Off  look  and  clier  I  gan  to  palle, 
And  wex  abaysshed  mor  and  more, 
And  be-gan  to  syhe  sore  ;  20218 

Thoghte  in  my?i  herte,  oif  gretii  ^  ffer,    \}  gret  c,  St.] 
I  was  nat  passyd  al  dau7iger 

[Line  wanting  iri  both  MSS.,  thd"  neither  has  a  gap^ 
As  yet,  in  tliys  streytli  i)assage  ;  20222 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illundnation.'\ 
Thoulite  also,  (so  god  me  rode  !) 
That  I  haddii  ful  gret  nede, 
Touchynge  tliys  oppynyoure, 
To  axii  coMisayl  off  Eesom*.  21226 

I  answerde  to  that  party  : 
"Thow  spekyst,"  (\uod  I,  "ful  largely. 
God  grau7it(j  me  (to  my?i  entent)  [stowe,  leafsss] 

In  tliys  mater  A-vysiiment,  20230 

ISIy  wordys  so,  for  texpresse, 
That  ffynally  I  may  represse 
Thyn  errours  and  thy?i  ffolye, 

Crrouiidyd  on  Astrology e,  20234 

Wych  ne  be  nat  vertuous, 
ffor  they  be  supcrstycious. 

"  Yt  semeth  as  thow  haddest  ben 
Hih  in  the  hevene,  for  to  sen  20238 

Ai  aboute,  nyh  and  fferre. 
And  axyd  ther,  off  eue/y  sterre, 
Ther  coursys  and  ther  moc'iou?<s 

And  ther  reuoluc-iOU?«s,  20242 

And  dyscuryd  ther  secres 
To  the,  and  al  ther  pryvytes, 
Wych  ar  good,  wych  ar  malygno, 

"Whan  they  shal  entren  any  sygne,  20246 

Or  entren  any  manciou??, 
Tlier  to  haue  doniynyou«. 

"  I  trowe,  thow  wylt  the  makyn  bold, 
How  that  Venus  hath  the  told  20250 

The  tynie  assygncd,  whan  that  she 
Shal,  next,  conyoyned  be 


Astrology  defends  belief  in  the  Planets'  influence.  541 


"And  declaryd  to  the  /  the  day 

Whan  that  she  shal  parte  away  20254 

ffro  mars,  that  ys  hyr  ownii  knyht : 

In  hevene  thow  haddyst  her-off  a  syht. 

Wher  wer  thow  euere  so  pryve, 

Or  yaiih  the  sterrys  so  secre,  20258 

To  knowe  the  power  and  the  myght 

That  god  hath  yove  to  hem  off  ryht  ? 

"  I  dar  affermen  her  a-noon, 
Sterrys  and  planetys,  euerychon,  202G2 

Be  soget  to  hys  power  royal 
And  to  hys  ryht  Impe;-yal. 
What-so-euere  tliow  kanst  allegge, 
They  ha  noon  other  pryvylegge,  20266 

ffrauwchyse  nor  co??imyssiou?i, 
But  vnder  hys  domynaci'ou?* ; 
And  vn-to  that  (I  dar  wcl  seye) 

AUe  the  planetys  muste  obcye,  20270 

And  fro  that  ordre  neuere  varye, 

Who-euere  afferme  the  contrdrye." 
[Astrology.] 

Q«0(i  she  a-noon  ageyn  to  me, 

*  Neuer  in  my  lyff  ne  dyde  I  se  20274 

No  pryvylege  (toiichyng  thjs  thyng)   [stowe,  leaf  333,  back] 

Yove^  to  the  sterrys  in  ther  mevyng;      [igyven  St.] 

Nor,  in  the  heuene  so  hih  and  fferre, 

I  spak  2  neuere  wM  no  sterre ;  [2  spake  St.]  20278 

Nor  I  nat  knowii  ther  secres,^  p  secretes  St.] 

Ther  mevyng,  nor  ther  pryvytes, 

Nor  how  ther  cours  aboff*  ys  lad, 

But  as  I  haue  in  bookys  rad, 

And  ther  conceyved  by  wrytyng, 

Bothe  off  her  cours  and  ther  mevyng. 
'  And  also  long  expe?'yence 

Hath  yove  to  me  ther-off  scyence ; 

Ek  oldti  clerkes  her-to-fforn — 

That  wer  ful  longe  or  thow  wer  born — 

Yt  dyde  ynowh  to  hem  suffyse, 

To  knowe  the  maner  and  the  guyse  20290 

Off  grete  effcctys  off  the  hevene. 


The  Pili/rim. 

and  when 
part  ft'om 
Mars. 


But  I  say 
that  stars 
and  phmets 
are  subject 
to  God, 
and  must 
obey  His 
orders ; 
they  h.ave 
no  privilege 
or  commis- 
sion from 
Him. 


[leaf  202] 


Aitrolopy. 


Astrology 
declares  she's 
not  been  to 
the  stars  and 
askt  their 
secrets. 


[♦oraloffC,  aloftSt.] 

20282 


20286 


but  she  has 
read  old 
books, 


and  old  clerks 
were  con- 
tent to  l<now 
the  effects  of 
the  heavens. 


5-t2 


/  answer  Astrology  s  arguments. 


Astrology. 


and  trust  in 
them. 


She  believes 
ill  the  iiirtu- 
ences  of 
PUiiiets  and 
Stars, 


which  are  no 
lierofjatioii 
from  (iod's 
power. 


[leaf  202,  bk.] 
Tho'  a  king 
grants  a  coin- 
mission  to 

Provosts, 


his  power  is 
not  restraind 
by  it. 

The  Pilgrim. 

I  rejoin,  that 
this  answer  is 
insufficient. 


A  King 

doesn't  lose 
his  power  by 
appointing 
deputies. 


'  And  off  tlie^  planetys  allU  sevene.     [Uhe  St.,  om.  c] 
Ther-in,  ful  myche  they  sette  her  hi.st, 
And  ther-in  wa.s  fynally-  her  trust,  [^  fynaiiy  was  St.]  20294 
As  they  by  wrytyng  specefye. 

'And  I  fuP  gretly  ek  affye  [^wiust.] 

In  the  hevenly  mociiou?is 

And  in  ther  reuohiciou?is,  20298 

Conceyvynge  that,  by  ther  mevyng, 
That,  alone*  the  myhty  kyng,  [*  tiia  alone  St.] 

Ys  no  party  (fer  nor  ner) 

The  mor  excludyd  fro  hys  power,  20302 

j^or  exempt  in  no  degre 
ffrom  hys  imperyal  powste  ; 
But  semblably  (and  thys  ys  soth) 
As  a  kyng  off  custom  doth,  20306 

Off  hys  myght  and  hih  renou?i 
Grauwteth  a  co?«myssiou?j 
ffor  a  space,  or  al  ther  lyves, 

To  hys  provostys^  or  bayllyves  ;  [^  provosts  .st.]  20310 

Yet  for  al  that,  in  no  manere 
He  restreyneth  nat  hys  powere.' 

[The  Pilgrim:] 
"  Thyn  answere,  I  conceyvc  yt  wel, 
Wych  may  suffyse  neueradel,  20314 

No  mor  than  may  a  rede*^  sper  [^  re.ide  St.,  red  c] 

Suffyse  off  myght,  nor  off  power 
(Who-so  the  trouthe  espyii  kojjne) 
To  endure  to  bern^  A  tonne,   [stowe,  leaf  334]   [-berest.] 
ffor  yiff  the  kyng  (shortly  to  devyse)  20319 

Hadde  yove^  hys  power  in  swych  wyse     p  have  gyve  St.] 
To  hys  provostys,^  and  ek  also  ['  provost  c] 

To  hys  baylyveS,^*^  bothe  two,     [w  biiylys  C,  baylyvs  St.] 


And  hadde  hem  mad  ther-off  certeyn, 
And  myghte  yt  nat  repelle  ageyn, 
Tha?me  he  were  (to  our  purpos) 
Dysbarryd,  and  from  hys  power  clos. 

"  And  evene  lyk  (to  our  entent) 
Off  planetys  and  the  fyrmament, 
And  off  sterrys  the  mociou?^, 
Yiff  they  hadde  co?»niyssiouw 


20323 


2032G 


20330 


As  God  ordaind  Stars  to  give  Light,  He  must  rule  them.  543 


The  PUc/riin. 

If  the  stars 
liad  a  com- 
mission 

to  dispose 
all  things  at 
tlieir  own 
will. 


their  power 
would  be  of 
Necessity, 


[leaf  263] 
excluded. 


"Vp-on  al  thyngji  hih  and  lowe,  [' thynge  St.] 

Her  in  erthe  that  men  knowe, 

Bothe  to  shette  and  ek  vnclose, 

And  as  hym  lyst,  ffor  to  dyspose  20334 

At  ther  owne  volu?ite, 

That  yt  myhte  noon  other  be, 

Eut  as  the  hevene  (in  substauwce) 

Lyst  to  tourne  the  ordynau?«ce  ;  20338 

Thaw  muste  ther  power  (who  kan  se) 

Be  fallen  off  necessyte, 

As  the  sterrys  wolde  ordeyne  : 

The  kyng  ne  myght  yt  nat  restreyne ;  20342  »"•!  ^o^'^ 

flior  he,  off  verray  volunte, 

Hath  wyth-drawen  hys  powste.  [c  &  St.] 

Thus  thow  woldest  hym  exdude,  „ 

And  by  thy  wordys  ek  conclude,  „     20346 

That  alle  thynges  that  her  be, 

Sholde  falle  off  necessyte, 

Wherby  (who  that  kan  dyscerne) 

The  lord  that  al  hath  to  goue?'ne,  20350 

Sholde,  by  hys  commjssioxm, 

liestreyne  hys  domynaczou/?, 

Wych  ys  A  maner  impossible. 

And  as  to  me,  no  thyng  credyble,  20354 

What-euere  lier-on  thow  lyst  to  seyn. 

"  But  I  wyl  answere  the  ageyn, 
Touchyng  the  hevenly  mociouws, 

Ther  power  and  ther  co»tmyssiouws,  20358 

Ther  influencys  and  ther  mevyng  : 
Al  thys,  they  haue  yt  off  the^  kyng  [MheyrC] 

And  off  the  lord  (who  kan  concerne) 
That  hevene  and  erthe  doth  gouerne.  20362 

And  trewly,  in  A-nother  wyse 
Than  thy  sylff  dost  her"^  devyse.  ['  here  St.] 

"  Touchyng  ther  power,  (tak  good  heede, 
In  Genesis  thow  mayst  yt  rede;)  [stowe, leaf 334, bk.]  20366 
He  ordeynede  sterrys  for  to  shyne, 
To  yive  lyht,  and  enlwmyne, 
And  to  the  world,  by  ther  bryhtnesse. 
To  yivij  cou^ifort  and  clernesse  ;  20370 


It  is  impos- 
sible that  the 
Lonl,  who 
governs  all, 
should  grant 


and  as  to  the 
power  of  the 
stars, 


we  read  in 
Genesis, 
that  God  or- 
daind stars 
to  shine,  and 
give  light  to 
the  world : 


544   The  Stars  arc  only  Signs  of  God,  &  can't  affect  His  ■worh. 

The Pifgrim.   "And  to  dysceme,  (who  lokc  a-ryht) 

To  knowe  the  daylis  wel  fro  nyht, 

He  sette  hem  thcr  {hy  certeyii  lynes) 

As  for  markys  and  for  sygnes  :  20374 

Lat  the  byble  wel  be  souht, 

And  other  thyng  thow  fyndest  nouht. 

"  Off  the  power  that  he  he???,  sette,  20377 

Ther-off  he  wyle  no  thyng  he??i^  lette  ;   ['  hem  o»i.st.] 
but  their        But  shortly,  al  ther  gouernau?ice 

gnvennneiit         ,  ■,       ■•      ^  i        i 

is  with  Him.    Aoyuetli  vndcr  liys  piiissauwce  ; 

[leaf  203,  ijk.]   He  byndythe,^  and  vnbynt  also  ;         ["  st.,  vmioth  c] 

What  eue?-e  hym  lyst,  that  mot  be  do ;  20382 

And  0  word  that  her  ys  sayd, 

(And  ful  notable  to  be  layd, 

To  be  put  in  renie??ibrau?ice, 

My  conclusiou?i  to  Avau??ce,)  20386 

Goii  gave  the    That  the  sterrys  ff er  above, 

stars  only  for  t       no 

signs,  Wer  only  nor  sygnes  yove, 

That  thynges  (who  so  lyst  to  se) 

Wyth  hem  sholde  markyd  be.  20390 

"And  who  that  eue?'e  ageyn  malygnes, 
and  marks  of  They  be  but  uiarkys,  nor  but  sygnes 

Himself,  ^  «>     i      n       i       i 

Ore  thylke  lord  celestyal, 

That  syt  above,  and  rewleth  al,  20394 

Sterrys  and  constellaczou7is. 
as,  in  cities  "And  as  in  cytes  and  in  townys, 

and  towns, 

divers  crafts     Mavstres  oli  dyvers  cratttys 

are  denoted  "^  o  cc 

hysignshung  Hang  out,  OH  polys ^  and  ou  rafftys,        [^boiysst.]  20398 


on  poles, 


Dyuers  sygnys  hih  and  lowe, 

Wher-by  that  men  ther  crafft  may  knowe  ; — 


such  as  lions    As  so??mie  off  hem  hang  out  lyou?«s, 

painted  on       Somme  Eglys  and  gryff  ou??s,  20402 

boards, 

Peynted  on  bordys  and  on  stagys, 

Dyuers  Armys  and  ymages 

(In  cytes  mo  than  .ix.  or  ten,) 

"Wherby  me?i  knowe  thys^  craffty  men;  [niiesst.]  2040G 

But  wher-so-eue?'e  they  hangyd  be, 
where  men      Hih  aloffte,  that  men  may  se, 
No  one  but  a'  He  wer  A  ff  ool,  and  nothyng  sage, 
think  that       That  woldii  dcuie  iu  liys  coragc,  20410 


Tlic  Stars  and  Firmament  witness  their  Maker,  God.     545 


"  That  thys  markys,  on  pool  or  rafft, 

Kan  no  thyng  medlen  off  the  crafft, 

Nor  helpe  ther-to,  (yt  ys  no  ffayl,) 

jSTor  to  the  craffty  men  avayl.  [stowe.  leaf  335]  20414 

"  And  at  tavernys  (wM-oute  wene) 
^Thys  tooknys  nor  thys  bowys^  grene,    i^  c.  Tib.  leves  st.] 
Thogh  they  shewe  ffressh  and  ffayre, 
The  Avyn  they  mende  nat,  nor  apeyre,  20418 

I^or  medle  no  thyng  (thys  the  ffyn) 
Off  the  sale  nor^  off  the  wyn,  [s  more  Tib.] 

N(jr  hath  no  thyng  to  governe, 

Off  the  celer  nor  taverne  :  20422 

By  hem  ys  no  thyng  do  nor  let ; 
They  be  ther,  but  for  markys  set. 

"  And  semblably,  to  Our  entent, 
The  sterrys  and  the  ffyrmament,  20426 

Planetys  and  constellacwuws, 
Cerclys,  sygnes,  nor  mansiou7«s, 
Ar  (to  speke  in  wordys  ffewe) 

JNTo-thyng  but  markys,  for  to  shewe  20430 

Off  the  workman,  and  off*  the  lord       [*offom.Tib.] 
That  made  al  thyng  wiili  A  word. 

"  In  erthe,  ther  ys  no  taverner. 
That  couchyd  hath  in  hys  celer  20434 

So  many  wynes  red  nor  whyht, 
Nor  other  drynkes  off  delyt, 
As  thys  lord  hath  Beverages 

Off  Grace,^  y-mad  ffor  sondry  ages.      [5  graeys  st.j  20438 
And  off  al  thys,  (who  lyst  to  se,) 
The  sterrys,  no-thyng  but  toknys  be, 
That  al  our  goodys,  her  douw  lowe, 
Ivome  fro  that  lord  (who  lyst  to  knowe) ;  20442 

And  alle  the  gyfftys  ek  off  grace 
Descende  from  that  hevenly  place. 

"  He  partyth  hys  gyfftys  dyversly. 
And,  off  hys  grace  and  hys  mercy,  20446 

AH  folkys  ha  suffysauwce, 
Plente  ynowh,  and  habondauwce  ; 
ffor,  off  hys  grace  (as  yt  ys  skyl,) 


The  Pitgrim. 

these  signs 
were  part  of 
tlie  craft. 


The  green 
boughs  hung 
out  at  a 
tavern 


[leaf  264] 
don't  affect 
tlie  wine : 


they're  only 
sigiis. 


So  also  the 
stars  and 
constellations 


do  but  show 
their  Lord 
and  Maker. 


No  taverner 
on  earth  has 
such  wines 
and  drinks 
as  Gn<l  has 
for  His  folk. 


From  Him 
we  have  all 
our  goods, 
and  gifts  of 
grace ; 


every  one 
has  enough. 


'  Tib.  A  vii.  starts  again  with  leaf  63. 
PILGRIMAGE. 


X  X 


546 


The  Stars  have  no  influence  on  Men's  lives. 


The  Pilprim. 


as  is  His 
will. 


[Ieaf264,  bk.] 
Don't  believe 
that  tlie  Stars 
have  any 
influence  for 
good  or  evil. 


Iftliey  had, 
a  man  might 
as  well  be 
a  thief  or 
robber 


as  a  true 
man, 

since  Neces- 
sity would 
make  him 
one. 

If  the  Stars 
have  ordaind 
it  must  be  so. 


why  should 
a  thief  be 
punisht, 

or  a  true  man 


rewarded. 


as  the  stars 
are  the  cause 
wliereby  a 
man  does 
well? 


Moreover,  the 
Sacraments 
would  avail 
nought. 


20454 


[1  for  om.  Tib.] 


20458 


204G2 


[2  all  St.] 


[3  began  St.] 


"  He  parteth,  as  yt  ys  hys  wyl.  20450 

"  Therfor  lat  gracii  be  thy  guyde,   [Tib.,  leaf  os,  back] 

And  al  thy  resou?«s  set  asyde  ; 

And  wene  nat,  in  thy?j  entent, 

The  sterrys  nor  the  ffyrmament 

Ha  no  vertu  (wzt/i-oute  glose) 

Good  or  evel,  for^  to  dyspose, 

But  as  the  lord  celestyal 

Ordeyneth,  that  governeth  al. 

Wher-for,  beholde  and  loke  a-ryht, 

And  deme  off  resouTi  in  thy  syht, 

And  be  w^t/i  me  nat  evele  apayd, 

"  Yiff  yt  wer  soth  that  thovv  hast  sayd, 

Yt  wer  as  2  good  (thys,  the  chcff) 

To  ben  a  robbere  and  a  theff, 

(By  the  resouws  that  thow  gan,^) 

As  for  to  ben  A  trewe  man, 

ffolwynge,  off  necessyte, 

That  yt  myhte  noon  other  be;       [stowe, leaf 335, back] 

The  sterrys,  the  hevene,  bothc  two, 

Han  ordeyned  yt  mot  be  so 

By  ther  hevenly  influence, 

Wyth-oute?i  any  resystence. 

Why  sholde  A  theff  tha/i  punysshed  be, 

That  fro  robbry  may  nat  file  ; 

Or  A  trewe  man,  by  resou?i, 

Vertuous  off  condyciou/?,, 

Mawgre  hys  wyl  and^  al  hys  mylit, 

Escheweth  wrong,  and  doth  al  ryht 

Touchyng  hys  raeryte  nor  gerdou?j, 

He  noon  dysserveth,  off  resou«, 

ffor  the  sterrys  eue>ydel 

Ben  only  cause  that  he  doth  wel. 

Wher-vp-on  (who-so  taketh  hede) 

Bothc  sholde  haue  ylychc  raede, 

Good  or  harm,  wher-so  the  werclie. 

"And  also  off  al  hooly^  cherche,  [Hiooiy om. Tib.]  20486 

Yiff  thy  resouws  wer  certeyn, 

The  sacramentys  wer  in  veyn 

In  thys  cas  (yiff  yt  be  souht) ; 


20466 


20470 


20474 


[1  w;t4  St.,  and  Tib.] 

20478 


204S2 


Tlic  time  of  a  Man's  Birth  has  nought  to  do  with  his  Life.  547 


20506 


"ffor  they  sholde  a-vayllc  nouht, 

Nor  to  mankynde  do^  no  good.  n  c,  Tib.,  be  st.] 

"  Aiid  Cryst  Ihe-su,  that  shadde  hys  blood, 
Only  mankynde  for  to  save, 

What  effected  sholde  haue  p  Tib.,  effect  c,  st.]  20494 

Hys  peyne  or  gretii  passioiwi. 
To  brynge  vs  to  savac^ouw,  ['  c,  Tib.,  do  well  St.] 

Yiff  no  man  myghte  don  eveP  nor  good. 
But  evene  so  as  the  hevene  stood  1  20498 

Ther  wer  noon  helpe  nor  socour ; 
The  wych'*  wer  a  gret  errov;r,  [Mvhiche  Tib.] 

A  man  to  leve  in  any^  wyse  p  c,  Tib.,  such  a  St.] 

So  as  thow  dost  her  devyse ;  20502 

ffro*^  '^vych,  I  pray  god  me  preserue  !       [^  Tib.,  ffor  c,  St.] 

"  Thow  seyst  also,  men  sholde  obse?'ue 
Houres  and  constellac'iom«s 
ffor  sondry  ojDeracioims ; 
The  ascendent,  consydte  and  se, 
Off  a  mawhys  natyvyte. 
To  ftynde  the  dysposicwu?i 
Off  A  manhys  condyc^ou/i, 
To  good  or  evel,"  be  kyndely  la  we 
Off  nature,  he  sholde  drawe ; 
The  wychii  (who^  the  trouthe  espyes) 
Ar^  but  fables,  and  ful  off  lyes;       p c, Tib., as st.]  20514 
ffor  men  ha  seyn^''  her-to-fforn,     [«>  sene  St.,  seyne  Tib.] 
Two  chyldren  in  0  moment  born. 
The  ton  ryht  good  and  fortunat. 

And  the  tother  infortunat ;  20518 

And  men  ha  seyn^  ek  at  0  tyme, 
(Bothe  at  Evy/i  and  at  pryme,) 
Twey  men  that  a  crafft  wel  kowne : 
At  On  hour  they  ha  be-gomie  ;        [Tib.,  leaf  ct,  bad;]  20522 
The  ton  Off  hem  ful  wel  hath  wroulit. 
And  the  tother  hath^^  do  ryht  nouht. 
And  tweyne,  on  hour  (who  kan  espye) 
Han  bothe  had  0  malladye  :  [HTbetotiieihehathTib.]  20526 
The  ton  was  mad  hoi  by  nature. 
The  tother  myghtii  nat  endure,  [c.  &  st.] 

But  hath  deyed,  in  certeyn  :  „ 


20490     The  Pilgrim, 


20510 


[7  badd  St.] 


[Stowe,  leaf  336] 
[3  C,  Tib.,  who-so  St.] 


[leaf  2G,-,] 


nor  the  death 
of  Christ. 


If  no  man 
could  do  evil 
or  good  but 
as  tlie  Stars 
direct, 

there'd  be  no 
help  for  us. 


As  to  hours 
and  constel- 
lations, 

you  say  that 
a  man's 
nativity 
controls  his 
disposition 
and  con- 
dition, &c. : 


these  are 
fables  and 
lies. 

For  we  see 
that,  of  two 
children  born 
togetlier,  one 
is  fortunate, 
the  other  un- 
fortunate ; 


that  of  two 
sick,  one 
must  live. 


[leaf  265,  bk.] 
the  other  die : 


548       Predestination  does  not  clash  ivith  Man's  Free   Will. 


The  Pilgrim. 

so  nativity's 
influence  is 
nonsense. 

Of  lon.ono 
men  in  battle. 


all  were  not 
born  on  the 
same  clay. 


thnugli  all  are 
slain. 


Yet  some  folk 
are  predesti- 
nate to  bliss. 


and  some  to 
damnation. 


But  the  cause 
is  not  God's 
foreknow- 
ledge : 

it  is  the  great 
difference  in 
the  life  that 
folk  lead. 


20534 


[1  C,  Tib.,  that  St.] 


[2  in  St.]  20538 

P  ones  St.] 
\_*  martis  St.,  marrys  C] 

20542 


20546 


which  sends 
them  to 
salvation  or 
damnation. 


Though  God 

knows  it  all 

[leaf  266] 

beforehand, 


men  are  free 
to  choose 


"IVlierfor  thy  resou?is  be  but  veyn.  20530 

"  Or  telle  me  also  a  resou/i 
Touchynge  thyw  oppynyou?? : 
An  iiundryd  thousand  men  assaylle 
Eue?-ych  other  in  bataylle  ; 
Wher-off  kometh  ther^  destyne, 
That  they  ben  alle  at  o  lourne, 
And  yet  pa;'  cas  (yt  ys  no  nay) 
They  wer  nat  alle  born)  on-  o  day, 
iS'or  they  nat  entre,  nyh  nor  ferre, 
AH  at  tonys^  in-to  that  Averre ; 
And  yet,  by  ]\Iartys*  mortal  lawe, 
Euerychon  they  ben  yslawe  : 
Tel  the  cause  what  may  thys  be, 
And  spek  no  nior  off  destyne. 

"  Yet  som  folk  ben  ordynat, 
And  also  predestynat, 
Prescryt^  to-forn  to  loye  and  blysse,  '^'•Pprescys^Tib^I'"'^'  ^" 
Off  the  Avych  som  other  mysse, 
Swych  as  (in  conclusiou?z) 
Gon  vn-to*' dampnacijouw).  [« c,  st.,  in  to  Tib.]  20550 

"And,  trewly''  (yt  ys  no  dred)  ['treweiy  Tib.] 

The  cause  ys  nat  (who  taketh  hed,) 
The  dy  vyne  prescyence  ; 

But  the  gretii  dyfference  20554 

Ys  causyd  off  good  and  off  badde, 
Affter  the  lyff  that  they  her  ladde.     [^  Tib.,  the  St.,  thy  c] 
And  in  this^  world  (bothe  ffer  and  ner,^) 
As  they  rowede  in  the  Ryuer, 
So?«me  to  loye,  so??ime  to  peyne, 
ffro  synne  as  they  hem-sylff  restreyne  j 
The  goode  to  savac?:ou?i, 

The  evele  vn-to  dampnactouw,  20562 

Constreyned  no-thyng  by  destyne,     [stowe,  leaf  336,  back] 
But  by  ffre  wyl  and  lyberte.  p  thyng  om.  St.] 

"Thogh  god  knewe  al  thys  thyng  ^^  to-forn, 
Many  11  day  or  they  wer  born,  ["Many  a  St.]  20566 

Hys  knowyng  nor  hys  prescyence, 
Vn-to  man  doth  noon  offence, 
ffredam  ys  yovei-  to  hem  to  chese,         ['^  gyven  st.] 


P  leaves  out  of  Tib.  till    QO'i'iS 
555/20812  6etoK).]         -vt^uo 


God,  not  the  Stars,  is  the  cmcse  of  Disease  and  Defect.  549 


"  Whether  hjm  lyst  to  wy?me  or  lese ; 
ffor,  knovvyng  (who  that  looke  wel) 
Off  god,  ne  causeth  neue?'adel 
Wher  them  lyst,  off  bothe  tweyne, 
To  gon  to  loye,  outher  to  peyne. 

"  And,  ther-for,  do  by  my  lore, 
And  off  destyne  spek  no  more  ; 
If  or  the  planetys  eue^ychon, 
And  the  sygnes,  on  by  On, 
And  euery  sterre,  in  hys  degre, 
Mevyn  by  the  volunte 
Off  the  lord  that  syt  aloffte. 

"  And  also  (as  yt  falleth  offte) 
ffolkys  that  in  thys  world  her  be, 
(At  the  Eye  as  thow  mayst  se,) 
So?«.me  be  lame,  and  feble  off  myght ; 
And  so?«me  strong,  and  gon  vp-ryht. 
And  many  welde  hem  sylft'  ryht  wel ;. 
But,  off  the  sterrys  neiieradel, 
'Nov  off  the  hevenly  influence, 
Strengthe,  myght,  nor  impotence, 
Be  nat  causyd  (on  no  syde) 
But  as  the  lord  lyst  to  provyde. 

"  No  man  blynd,  nor  no  man  lame 
Born — the  gospel  seyth  the  same  ; — 
ffor  whan  cryst,  in  swych  A  cas> 
Off  the  lewys  axyd  was, 
(As  in  lohan  yo  may  fynde,) 
Why  the  blynde  maw  was  bor^  blynde, 
He  told  hem  pleynly  at  A  word, 
*To  preve  the  workys  off  the^  lord, 
And  hys  dedys  by  myracle, 
Wit/i-oute/i  any  mor  obstacle  ; ' 
And  other  cause  Avas  ther  noon. 
As  seyth  the  gospel  off  seyn  lohn). 

"  And  nothyng  thorgh  the  moc'iomi 
Off  sterrys  dysposici'ou?^. 
Was  thys  blyndnesse  to  hym  sent. 

"  And  davyd  seyth  '  the  fyrmament 
Was  ordeyned,  at  0  word, 


20570      T/ie  PUgrim. 


20574 


whether 
tlicy'U  fjo  to 
joy  or  pain. 


Say  no  more 
of  Destiny. 


20578 


20582 


2058G 


20590 


20594 


All  the  stars 
move  by  the 
will  of  God. 


Tho'  some 
folk  are 
lame  and 
weak. 


others 
strong. 


the  stars  and 
lieavenly  in-, 
tluenies  are 
not  the  cause. 


but  only  God. 

As  to  the 
blind. 


St.  John  says 
Christ  told 

[>boi-neSt.]  20598     "'e  Jews  the 
u  J  -.^^.^^     man  was 

born  blind  to 
■Amw  His 
.„  ^,.  ,  miraculous 

[2  oure  ht.]  power, 

20602     [leaf  266,  bk.] 


20606 


and  not  by 
the  stars' 
disposal. 


David  de- 
clares the 
tirmament 
was  ordaind 


550      Astrology  contends  for  the  Povxr  of  Stars  over  Men. 

The  Pilgrim.    To  telle  the  Wei'kyS  off  the  lord.  Celi  enan-ant.    20G10 

The  sterrys,  he^  makyd  for  to  shyue,  [siowe,  leaf  337 


to  declare  the 
works  of  the 
LorJ. 


Ptolemy  snys 
a  wise  man 
lias  power 
over  all  con- 
stellations. 


Astrology 

answers  me : 
According  to 
this,  the 
heavens  have 
little  power. 


and  are  of  less 
worth  than 
the  earth 
witli  its 
t'rnits  and 
flowers. 


[leaf  267] 
Yet  the 
heavens  are 
nobler  than 
it, 


and  govern 
the  earth. 


The  Pilgrim. 
True,  say  I, 


Sapiens  doj>!mabit2(>'  astri 
[^  vvyse  St.,  wys  C.J 


20618 


20622 


Vp-on  the  Erthii  tenlwmyne  ;  ['  be  St.] 

Hih  in  hevene  to  abyde, 

A-sonder  only  to  devyde  20614 

The  day  and  ek  the  dyrkii  nyht. 

"And  in  hys  Centyloge  a-ryht, 
The  gretii  clerk,  kyng^  Tliolome,        p  grete  kynge  St.] 
Afferineth  ther  (who  lyst  to  se); 
He  seyth  (As  I  reherse  kan) 
That  in  erthe  A  wyse^man 
Haueth  domjaiacwuw 
Above  ech  constellaczou?*." 

And  affter  he  hadde  herd  me  seyn, 
Thus  he  answerde  me  ageyn  : 

Astrologye  :  ^  l*  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Affter  thy  wordys  rehersyd  here, 
The  heuene,  with  hys  sterrys  clere, 
Sholdci  haue??,  in  substau?jce. 
But  lytel  power  or  pnissaujice. 
And  sholde  also,  by  thy  devys, 
Ben  also  off  lassii  prys 
Tha?i  ys  the  erthe,  her  dou?i  lowe, 
W/t/i  greynys  and  w^t7i  sedys  sowe ; 
ffor  the  Erthe,  Avher-on  we  gon, 
Bryngcth  fforth  ffruitt^s  many  On, — 
Eue/'ych  grouynge  in  hys  kynde, — 
And  flourys  fayre,  as  thow  mayst  fynde ; 
And  yet,  for  al  hys  gret  ffayrnesse, 
The  hevene  haueth  mor  noblesse  [st.  &. 

Than  hathe  therthe  in  hys  degre, 
By  many  effects,  as  man  may  se  ; 
And  it  also  more  necessary. 
And  shortly,  (for  me  lyst  nat  tarye,) 
In  hevenly  myght  and  puissau??ce, 
The  erthe  hath  al  hys  governauHce.' 

[The  Pilgrim] : 
"  In  som  thyng  thow  seyst  ful  .soth, 
Touchyng  that  the  hevene  doth.  2064G 

In  erthe,  ther  sholde  non  greyns  spry»ge. 


20626 


20630 


20634 


c]  20638 


20642 


Man  has  Free  Will;  is  not  suljcd  to  Stars.   Astronomy.    551 


"  Nor  ffruitys  non  yt  sholde  forth  brynge, 

Ne  wer  the  hevene  (wyth  hys  myght) 

Gaff  ther-to,  eomufort  and  lyht ;  20650 

ffor  the  hevene,  thorgh  hys  bryhtnesse, 

Thorgh  hys  hete,  and  hys  clernesse, 

Causeth  in  erthe  many  a  payre 

fflouvys  and  ffruit  to  spryngii  fayre,  20654 

And  yiveth  ther-to  (as  thow  mayst  se) 

fful  grete  gyfftys  off  be\Yte, 

Lych  as  the  lord  oft'  most  renouM 

Hath  yove  he?/4  by  co»imyssiou7^.  20658 

"  But  hys  power,  nor  hys  powste,. 
Xe  strechchet  nat  (who  lyst  to  se, 
Neue/'e  sythe  the  worhl  by-gan,)        [.'?to\v&,  leaf  337,  back] 
Touchynge  the  goue?*nauwce  off  man.  20662 

ffor  man  hath  choys  and  vohi?jte, 
ffredam  also,  and  lyberte. 
Hevene  ne  sterrys,  bo  the  two, 

Ther-w^■t7^  haue  no-thyng  to  do,  20666 

Nor  neue?"  aforn,  power  hadde. 
To  cause  hy??i^  to  don  good  or  badde.       [Uhemst.] 

"  But  wha7i  I  mette  li'yrst  wiik  the. 
Off  0  thyng  thow  spak  to  me,  20670 

Touchyng  thy  tother  haltf  partye 
Wyeh  callyd  ys  '  Astronomye.' 
Tel  me  a-noon,  and  have  y-do,  [st.  &  c] 

Ys  she  ff er  now  fro  the  go  ?  „     20674 

"VVher  ys  hyr  habytacwuw,  „ 

Hyr  dwellyng,  or  hyr  manciou?*  ] "  „ 

Astrologie :  ^ 
*  Wher  that  she  be,  her  or  yonder, 
We  ne  be  nat  ft'er  asonder,  20678 

ffor  vnder  hyre  protecc'wnms 
I  make  dy vynaczou^/s ; 
And  by  hyr  power  graujityd  me, 

I  have  scolerys  two  or  thre,  20682 

"VVych  that  on  me  euere  abyde, 
And  departe  nat  fro  my  syde.' 

Pilgrim  :  ^  P  st.,  om.  c] 

"  Tel  on  a-noon,  I  pray  the, 


The  Pilgrim. 

the  heavens 
do  give  liglit 
and  heat  to 
the  earth ; 


[2  St.,  om.  C] 
[St.  &  C] 


but  tliey 
don't  govern 
man. 


Man  has 
choice  and 
fieedom ; 

and  neither 
sicy  nor  stars 
can  make  him 
do  good  or  ill. 


Now  tell  me 

about 

Astronomy. 

[leaf  207,  bk.] 


Astrology. 


Astronomy  is 
near  nae. 


She  has  two  C 
Scholars  for 
divining : 


The  Pilgrim. 


552  Of  Pyromancy,  Aeromancy,  and  Hydromancy. 


The  Pilcirim. 


Astrology. 


the  first  is 


Pyromancy, 
%vho  divines 
ill  the  lire. 


The  second  is 
APnnaiicy, 
who  divines 
by  air. 


[leaf  268] 
The  third  is 


Hydro- 
mancy, who 
divines  by 
water. 


The  fourth  is 


"  Declare  her  namys  here  to  me,  20686 

And  thy-sylff  no-thyng  excuse, 

Wher  thow  dost  swych  craffte*'  vse ; 

ifor  syth  thow  seyst  so  nyh  they  he, 

Wit/i  al  myn  herte  I  wolde  hem  se."  20G90 

Astrologie  :  ^  [■  st.,  om.  c] 

'  ff or  to  ff ulfylle  thy  desyr  : 
The  ffyrste  place  ys  in  the  ff yre ; 
And  my  scoler,  ffyrst  off  echon, 

Wher-so-euere  that  we  gon,  20694 

(I  kan  hyr  in  no  wyse  excuse,) 
In  that  place  she  doth  yt  vse. 
And  she  (as  I  shal  specefye) 

Callyd  ys  '  Pyromancye ' :  20698 

ff ro  thennys  she  may  nat  wel  dysseuere ; 
And  in  the  ffyr  she  dwelleth  eueve ; 
And  therby  (in  conclusiou?*) 

She  maketh  hyr  dyvynacioun,  20702 

Be  yt  ffoul  or  be  yt  ffayr. 

'  My  secouMde  scoler  in  the  hayr^  P  is  the  ayre  St.] 
Pleynly,  affter  my  doctryne, 

At  alle  tymiis  doth  devyne  ;  20706 

And  therfor  (yiff  thow  korme  espye,) 
Hyr  name  ys  callyd  '  Aermancye.' 

'  The  thrydde  ys  off  fful  gret  renou?i. 
And  hath  hyr  habytac'iouw  [stowe,  leafsss]  20710 

In  the  se  (who  kan  dyscerne) ; 
Whom  Ifeptunus  doth  goueme ; 
By  whom  (the  story  telleth  thus) 

The  myghty  man  !N"eptanabus,  20714 

ffader  to  Alysauwdre  the  kyng, 
Wrouht  fful  many  A  dyuers  thyng  ; 
And  in  the  water  and  in  the  se 

"Was  al  hys  crafft,  as  thow  mayst  se.  20718 

Ther-fore  (me  lyst  nat  for  to  lye,) 
Yt  ys  callyd  Ydromancye, 
By  water  (in  conclus'iom^), 
Augurye  or  dyvynac'iou/j.  20722 

'  The  ffourthe,  (yt  nedeth  nat  telle,) 
ffor,  awhyle  yiff'  thow  wylt  dwelle. 


Geomancy  claims  to  fix  Soiving-times,  and  to  foretell  Crops.  553 


'  Tliow  shalt  A-noon,  her  in  presence 

Sen  ther,  off  experyence,  20726 

flbr  yt  ys  wroulit  by  ma7jhys  hond, 

Somwhyle  in  erthii  and  in  sond  : 

Ther-fore  (shortly  to  specefye) 

Yt  ys  callyd  Geomancye.'  20730 

[The  Pilgrim] : 
Than  c[^iod  I,  "  tel  on  to  me, 
What  be  the  poyntys  that  I  se  : 
Declare  to  me,  and  nat  ne  ffaylle. 
What  may  they  helpyn  or  A-vaylle."  20734 

Geomanc[y]e  ^ :  t*  st.,  om.  c] 

*  Be-t\vyxen  ernest  and  ek  game, 
'  Geomancye,'  her  ys  my  name. 
Astrologye  ys  my  maystresse, 

That  dyde  my  name  to  the  expresse ;  20738 

To  whos  doctryne  and  whos  sentence 
I  yive  ifeyth  and  fful  credence  ; 
And  by  thys  poyntys,  I  kan  knowe 
Whan  ys  tyme  to  Ere  and  sowe;  20742 

And  wher,  thys  nextii  yer  certeyn,  [C.  &  St.] 

Ther  shal  be  plente  off  frut  and  greyn.  „ 

And  I  kan  telle,  nyh  and  fferre,  „ 

Bothe  off  pes  and  ek  off  werre  ;  ,,20746 

And  in  effect,  I  wyl  nat  fFaylle  „ 

To  telle  the  ffyn  off  a  bataylle. 
And,  that  I  lese  nat  my  labour, 

I  take  the  tyme  and  ek  the  hour  20750 

Whan  that  I  my  werk  begynne. 
Who  shal  lesyn,  or  who  shal  wynne. 
Or  who  shal  ffaylle-  oif  hys  plesau^ce;    [^  who  siiaiian  St.] 
ffor  thys  poyntj  ha  resemblau?zce  20754 

To  the  sygnes  in  the  hevene, 
And  to  the  planetys  alle  .vij.^  P  seven  St.] 

'  And,  I  taake  also  good  heed 
To  the  tayl  and  to  the  hed,  20758 

Hih  a  loffte,  off  the  dragou??, 
Whaw  I  ffourme  my  questyou7z, 
Wher-on,  by  hevenly  influence,     [stowe,  le-af  23s,  back] 
I  yivii  trewe  and  iust  sentence  20762 


Astrology^ 


Geomancy, 
who  divines 
by  earth  and 
sand. 


The  Pilgrim. 


Geomancy 


sets  forth  liei* 
occupation. 


By  her 
I'oints  sive 
can  tell  times 
for  sowing 
[leaf  268,  bk.] 
and  future 
crops. 


peace  and 
war. 


loss  and 
success. 


by  the  signs 
in  tlie  sky 
and  planets. 


and  the  tail 
and  head  of 
the  Dragon, 


55-i 


/  reproach  Gcomancy  for  trusting  in  Asiroloyy. 


and  the  sky's 


influence. 
The  Pilffrim. 


I  scold 
Geoinancy, 


and  say  it 
is  tolly  to 
trust  in 
Astrology, 
[leaf  269] 


She  has  no 
sense  in  her 
head, 

and  her  craft 
is  dangerous 
to  simple 
folk. 


I  bid  her  go, 


as  I'm  afiald 
I'm  in  danger 
of  falling 


'  On  every  thyng,  and  ecli  demau/«de, 
Lyk  as  my  ifygures  me  comamjJe.' 

Pilgrym :  ^ 
"Tel  fiiorth  to  me  euerydel, 
Wher-off  serveth  that  tuel." 

Geoinancy :  ^ 
'  I  looke  thorgli  (off  liool  entent) 
Vp-ward  to  the  ffyrmament, 
To  han,  vn-to  my  question?*, 
A  maner  dysposic'iou?*, 
Or  that  I  my  ffygur  sue, 
How  the  hevene  doth  iuflue, 

Pilgryme :  ^ 
"  Now  I  telle  the  Outterly, 
That  thow  art  ryht  vnhappy, 
And  dygne  (to  my7i  oppynyouw) 
Off  shame  and  off  confusion?*, 
That,  so  myche  off  thy  ffolye 
Trustest  in  astrologye, 
Wenyng,  at  thy^  coniau?idoment, 
ffor  to  make  the  ffyrmament 
As  thow  lyst,  ryht  at  thyy*  hond, 
ffor  to  descende  vp-on  the  sond, 
By  influence  avale  a-douw 
B3'  cause  off  thy  questions ; 
"VVenynge  ta  foiid-^  Out  a  weyo 
That  the  hevene  tlie  sholde  obcye. 

"  In  thyn  hed  ys  no  vesonn, 
Clernesse  nor  dyscreczou?* ; 
Tliy  crafft  and  thow  be^  pe?-yllous 
To  symple  tfolkys  vertuous. 
To  brynge  hem  in  mysgou(;rnau?*ce. 
I  praye  god,  saue  me  fro  meschau/ice, 
And  ffro  thy  gret  Inyquyte  ! 
Go  hens,  that  I  no  mor  the  se ! 
I  drede  me  gretly  in  my  thouht, 
That  I  am  in  pereyl  brouht ; 
Namly  in  thys  dredful  se, 
I  trowii  sothly  that  I  be 
ffalle  on  a  \)erey\  doutcles, 


[>  St.,  om.  C] 


20766 


[2  St.,  om.  C] 


20770 


['  St.,  om.  C] 


20774 


20778 


[♦  the  St.] 


20782 


[i  to  a  founil  St.] 


20786 


[''  bo,  OM.  St.] 


20790 


20794 


20798 


20802 

[^  cyrces  St.,  cj'ces  C] 


ptheyrSt.]    20806 


/  sail  to  another  Isle,  and  meet  the  hag  Idolatry. 

Wych  that  callyd  ys  'Cyrces.'  " 

iThys  tweynii  loudii  gan  to  crye,  t'  ^'^t'fS?]"'""'  Oeomanoy 
And  gan  vn-to  me  specefye 
That  I  was  falle  vp-on  Cyrces,'^ 
And  that  I  sholdii  (doutiiles, 
By  no  treyne  nor  by  no  lape) 
ffrom  ther^  dau?^ger  nat  escape. 
And  I,  for  dred,  gan  haste  me 
Streyht  ageyu  vn-to  the  se, 
And  leffte  hem  bothe  on  An  ylond, 
Makynge  ther  poyntys  in  the  sond.   [stowe,  leaf  339]   20810 

And  thawne  I  gan  to  bydde  and  preye, 
That  god  wolde  helpe  me*  on  my  weye,   ^™i,t  Laf  cs]' ''"'" 
ffrom  allii^  stormys  in  my  passage,      [5 Xm! "arch's tV 
And  also  fro  the  gret  outrage  20814 

Off  wyndes  wych  that,  hih  and  lowe,         [C.  &  St.] 
Sternlily  at  me  gan  blowe.  ,, 

And  in  the  same  sylue  whyle, 
I  sawh  apere  a  lytel  yie,  20818 

Wher-off  I  haddii  gret  gladnesse  ; 
And  thyderward  I  gan  me  dresse ; 
Eauhte  so  ffer  vp  Vfith  mj7i  bond, 
That,  off  grace,  I  kam  to  lond.  20822 

And  ther  I  sawh,  off  cher  fful  Iwld, 
A  vekke,  hydous  and  ryht  old, 
And  wonder  Ougly  off  hyr  chere ; 

Hyr  handys  she  beet  also  yffere ;  20826 

And  hyr  lawhyng  to  determyne, 
Lych  an  hors  she  gan  to  wjaie.*'  U^  whyne  Tiii.] 

And  I,  my  look  vp-on  hyr  leyde, 
And  evene  thus  to  byre  I  seyde  :  20830 

The  Pylgryme :  "^  u  Tib.,  piigiim  st.,  om.  c] 

"  0  thow  most  tfoul  in  Ijcholdyng, 
Tel  on  the  cause  off  thy  lawhyng  ! " 

Yd-Olatrie  :  [C-  >"  margin ;  Idolatrye  Tib.,  St.] 

*  Kom  On,  and  entre  in  w/t/i  me, 

And  the  cause  thow  shalt  se.'  20834 

[The    Pilgrim]:  [B!anK- for  illumination  inCl 

And  I  entrede  by  hyr  byddyng ; 

And  ther  I  ffond  On^  syttyng  [« oou  Tib.,  ou  St.] 


TAe  PUgrlm. 
into  Cyrces. 


They  tell  me 
I  have  thus 
fallen. 


So  I  sail  off. 


and  leave 
Astrology 
ami  Geo- 
iiiancy  on  the 
island. 


[leaf  209,  blc.l 


Then  I  find 
another  little 
isle. 


and  meet  ou 
it  a  hideous 
old  hag 
(Idolatry), 


who  whinnies 
like  a  horse. 


and  who 
bids  me 
come  into 
her  house. 


I  enter  with 
her,  and  find 


556  In  Idolatry  8  hmisc  I  see  a  Carpenter  ivorsliii-)  an  Idol. 


The  Pilgrim. 

an  image  on 
a  chair, 
crowiid  like 
a  king, 


[leaf  270] 

with  a  shield 
painted  with 
black  flies 
and  spiders. 


and  a  churl 
kneeling  and 
sacrificing 
to  it. 


The  churl 
is  a  carpenter 
or  a  mason. 


IdoJatnj. 
Idolatry 


delights  in 
seeing  the 
churl  worship 
the  Image, 


and  wants 
me  to  kneel 
to  it. 


20838 


[Tib.,  leaf  65,  back]    90.919 
[Tib.,  C,  &  St.]       -^'-'Ot-i 


20850 


[3  and  om.  Tib.] 

20854 


In  A  cliayer,  an  ymage, 

Eyht  fEoul  off  look  and  off  vysage : 

He  sat  crownyd  lyk  a  kyng, 

In  hys  hond  a  swerd  holdyug ; 

Vp-on  hys  shuldrys  brood  and  large 

Me  thouhtii  that  he  had  a  targe, 

Wyth  blakii  fflyes  al  depeynt : 

Yreynes^  wern  A-mong  hem  meynt ;     „  ['  And  vreynes  Tib.] 

\_An  Illamination  folloivs  this  line  in  Tib.] 
And  (wych  that  ys  ful  foul  to  nevene)    „  20845 

Ther  was  a  maner  off  smoky  levene'^       „      [^  heuene  Tib.] 
Wych  the  ydole  dyde  embrace.  „ 

And  round  aboute/i  in  the  place,  „ 

Yt  was  fful  (I  yow  ensure) 
Off  bryddiJs  dunge  a7id  foul  ordure. 
To-for  thys  mawmet  (in  certeyn) 
I  sawh  knelyn  a  vyleyn, 
With  powdrys  and^  with  fumys  blake, 
Sacryfysci  for  to  make 
To  thys  ydole,  with  hys  sheld. 
And  he  that*  knelede  (as  I  be-held)    [Uhat  o>».  Tib.] 
Was^  (to  myn  Oppynyouw)  [^  And  was  Tib.] 

A  Carpenter  or  a  masoun.  20858 

Idolatrye  :  ^  ["  Tib.,  St.,  lu  margin  C] 

Tha?«ne  thys  dame  Ydolatrye,        [stowe,  leaf  339,  back] 

ffoul  and  horryble  off  look  and  Eye, 

*  Behold,'  quod  she,  '  and  lookii  wel,        [Tib.,  leaf  cg] 

And  SB  the  maner  euerydel  20862 

How  I  ha''  loye  and  gret  gladnesse         ["haueTib.] 

To  sen  thys  cherl,  by  gret  huml^lesse, 

Toward  thys  mawmet  hym-sylff  tavauj^ce,^  [« to  vaume  Tib.] 

Don  worshepe,  and  dbserua?Mice ;  20866 

And  I  abyde,  for  to  se 

That  thow  shalt  knele  vp-on  thy  kne, 

To-fforn  hym,  by  devociou«. 

ff'orsake  thy  skryppe  and  thy  bordouw;  20870 

And,  to  hys  myghty  excellence, 

Don  worshepe  and  reuerence.' 

The  Pylgryme :  '•'  p  Tib.,  Piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 

Lyst  for  thys  thyng  I  ffyP'^  in  blame,    ['» teste . .  iioiie  Tib.] 


[1  And  Idolatrye  Tib  ] 
[2  free  Tib.,  St.,  nc.  bumf] 
[C,  Tib.,  St.] 

„  20878 


20882 


^  TievLtcronomi.  6"  (13) 
Dominum  deum  tuum 
timebis,  &  illi  soli  8e[r- 
vies].    Tib.,  om.  C,  St. 

20886 


20890 


[Tib.,  leaf  GO,  back] 


Idolatry  strives  to  deface  the  worship  of  God. 

"  Tel  on  ffyrst,  what  ys  thy  name."  20874 

Dame  Idolatrye  ;      [Tib.,  Ydolatre  St.,  Vaolatrye  in  margin  C] 

'  Ydolatrye^  I  am,'  o^uod  she, 

'  And  off  ffolkes  that  be  ffre,^ 

Thys  my  custom  and  vsdge 

ffor  to  brynge  hem  in  seruage. 

And  I  kan,  by  collusiou?2, 

Tourne  al  estatys  vp-so-dou?i, 

And  sette  (thogh  ffolk  hadde  yt  sworn,) 

That  ys  bakward,  to  go  beforn. 

To  dyfface,  ys  my  labour, 

The  kynges  worshepe  and  honour, 

And  al  that  to  my  sylff  applye. 

ffor  I  am  callyd  '  Ydolatrye,' 

The  wyche  (who  wel  loke  kan) 

ffrend  and  doubter  to  Sathan  ; 

ffor  Sathan  (shortly  for  to  telle) 

In  mawmetys  I  make  hy??i  dwelle. 

'  By  thys  cherl  vp-on  hys  kne, 
Her  thow  mayst  exau??iple  se, 
How  he,  wyth  al  hys  dyllygence, 
Doth  hym  honour  and  reuerence, 
Wenynge,  by  hys  dpparaylle. 
The  mawmet  myhte  to  hym  avaylle. 
ffor  Sathan, — that  ys  cloos  w^t/^-Inne, 
To  Infects  hys  soule  wyth  synne. 
And  hys  wyttys  to  entrouble, — 
Yiveth  an  answere  wych  ys  double, 
Wych  hath  (to  marren  hys  entent,) 
A  maner  off  double  entendiiment. 
And  leueth  hym  euej-e  in  none-certeyn,^   ^^ ^^^^\l^ll^llx%'.\ 
Or  kepeth  hym  Muet^  off  dysdeyn ;       [*  muyt  st.,  Muet  Tib.] 
And  hys^  requeste  doth  refuse,      L^  ins  Tib.,  hyr  c,  her  St.] 
To  make  the  fool  more  for^  to  muse,   [« for  c,  st„  om.  xib.] 
Lose  hys  tyme,  off  wylfulnesse.  20907 

'  And  yet,  in  al  hys  wrechchydnesse,     [stowe,  leafsto] 
Efft"  he  doth  hys  dyllygence,  U  offte  Tib.,  eft  St.] 

Wzt/i^  smoke  and  ffyr  hy»t  to  encense,     [» with  om.  Tib.] 
Prayeth  hys  Mawmet  nat  to  faylle,  20911 

To  yive  Answere,  and  hym-'  consaylle,   U  c,  Tib.,  hem  st.] 


557 


[leaf  270,  bk.] 
.  Idolatry. 

She  explains 
that  slie  is 
'  Idolatry,' 


and  lier  ob- 
ject is  to 
abolish  the 
worship  of 
God. 


20894 


20898 


20902 


She  is  the 
friend  and 
daughter  of 
Satan, 


who  is  en- 
closed in  the 
idol, 


and  always 
gives  answers 
with  a  double 


The  churl 
prays  the  idol 
for  an  an- 
swer ; 


558  The  Carpenter  who  made  the  Idol,  yet  prays  to  it. 


[leaf  271] 
Idohttri/. 


but  it  hears 
iKit,  and  an- 
swers not. 


for  it  is  dumb 
as  a  stone, 


and  as  dead 
as  wood. 


Whoever  be- 
lieves in  it  is 
a  fool. 


Yet  the  car- 
penter first 
made  the 
Idol, 


and  knows 
it  can't  lielp 
him. 


Tliat's  wliy 

I  lilUgllt. 


The  PiJgrim. 


I  bid  tlie  car- 
penter rise, 


[leaf  271,  bk.] 


and  ask  fnr- 
S^iveness  for 
his  ^iiilt. 


20914 


[1  eres  Tib.,  St.]    90018 
[2  he  hath  Tib.J    •'^'^^° 


20922 


20926 


'  And  helpe  hym,  that  he  myghtii  spede, 
To  forthre  hym  in  hys  gret  nede, 
Syth  he  in  hym  doth  so  affye. 

'  Se  how  thys  fool,  off  hys  ffolye, 
Seth  how  hys  Mawmet,  ffoul  off  chere, 
Herys^  hath,^  and  may  nat  here; 
And  syttynge  also  in  hys  se, 
Eyen  hath,  and  may  nat  se ; 
But  ys  as  dowmb  as  stok  or  ston ; 
And  hath  ffet,  and  may  nat  gon, 
Nor  from  hys  chayer,  a  foot  rem  ewe, 
Thogh  al  the  world  \vym  woldii  sue. 

'  Hys  swerd,  hys  targiJ,  in  bataylle 
May  to  hy?«  ryht  nouht  avaylle  ; 
ffor  he  ys  ded,  as  ston  or^  tre.     \?  c,  Tib.,  in  St.]   [Tib.,  leaf  g7] 
And*  trewly  (so  as  thynketh  me,)     [*  And  ooniy  Tib.] 
"Who  doth  to  swych  on,^  reverence,      [^  oon  th).,  one  St.] 

Requerynge''  hys  benyvolence,   [«  Requyrynge  Tib.,  requeryth  St.] 

He  ys  (tor  short  conclusiou?i)  20931 

A  fool,  in  my?i  oppynyou?i. 

'  And  for  to  touchyn  hym  mor  ner, 
The  same  sylue''  carpenter      ['  seiffe  same  st.,  same  sUffe  Tii).] 
Dyde  a-forn  hys  bysy  peyne  20935 

To  forge  hym,  wyth  hys  handys  tweyne, 
And  make  \ijm  ffyrst  off  swych  entaylle, 
And  wot  he  may  nothyng  avaylle  20938 

To  helpe  hym,  wha?i  that^  al  ys  do.       t'  )^'^°'^-  S'-  ^^'"'""^ 
They  ben  A-coursyd,  bothe  two  :  }  Sm  n.utm.^f;!. 

And  thys  the  cause  (wyth-oute  more)      ,^e^y  etquifec.tiUad. 
ffyrst  why  that  I  lowh  so  sore.'  20942 

The  Pylgryme :  ^  ['  Tib.,  Piigrim  st.,  om.c] 

Yet  nat-wyth-stondyng,  off  entente, 
To  the  cherP*^  A-noon  I  wente,  ['o  churie  Tib.] 

Bad  hym  a-ryse,  and  that  a-noon, 

And  that  he  sholdiJ  thenys  gon,  20946 

And  leue  hys  fals  oppynyou/^. 
Go  take  11  hys  skryppe  and  hys  bordou?z,  '^"  "^^c';  j^(™,)] 
And,  off  herte  ful  mckly,  „ 

Gon  and  crye  the  kyng,  mercy  20950 

Off  the  gylt  and  the  trespace 


Why  Idolatry  is  not  justified  hy  Pilgrims  adoring  Images.  559 

Tliat  he  hadcle  don  in  that  place,  The  PUgrUn. 

And  that  hys  hertc  was  so  set 

To  worshepti  A  Marmoset,  20954 

Wych  to  helpl',  (fer  nor  ner,) 

Hath  no  puissau?ice  nor  power,      [stowe,  leaf  340,  back] 

Wher-off  (wzt/;-oute  mor  respyt,) 
The  Cherl  in  herte  hadde  gret  despyt,  20958 

And  felly  gan  a-geyn  abrayde,  He  scorns 

And  vn-to  me  ryht  thus  he  sayde  :       [Tib.,  leaf  07,  back] 

The    Vyleyne  :  ^      ['  St.,  veleyne  Xlb.,  .  .  ylej')!  C,  in  marffin.}  The  nUuin. 

'  How  darstOW-  me  her  repreue,  [^  darste  thow  Tib.]  ami  asks  how 

i^  '  I  dare  reprove 

Or  thyw  herte  so  to  greue,  20962  *""* 

To  sen  me  don  swych  6bseruauwce 

Wi't//  al  my?i  hoolii  aifyau^ice, 

To  thys  yd(51es  set  on  stages, 

Syth  pylgrymes,  in  ther^  passages     [niierora.Tib.]  20966   wiienpii- 

Honowre  and  worshepe,  euerychon,  ^^'i'  ""«^'^'^. 

i.     '  d  7  of  wood  and 

Ymages  off  tymber  and  off  ston  ;  stone  aiao; 

And  crystene  peple,  ful  nyh  alle, 

On  tlier  knes  to-forn  he??^  falle ;  20970 

And,  wha?i  al  to-gydre  ys  soulit, 

They  may  helpu  yow  ryht  nowht,  yet "'«?  ''f 'p 

•i  •!  i-       'I  'i  '  no  more  t)iaii 

Nor  done  to  yow  noon  Avaurita^e,  'j'^  "^^  ^'•''^ 

J  o    J  does. 

No  mor  than  her,  may  my/i  ymage.'  20974 

IT  The    Pylgryme  :  '^  [*  Tib.,  Pllgrim  St.,  om.  C]  The  PUgrim. 

"That  thow  woldest  her  conclude, 

Thy  resou/?s  ar^  but  rude.  ['  c.,  st.  they  are  Tib.,  st. 

•^  The  6-syUable  line  is  good.} 

ffor,  sothly,  we  nothyng  laboure  i  teii  him 

""  "^     '^  this  is  not  so. 

The  ymdges  to  honoure,  20978 

Stook  nor  ston,  nor  that  vaQii  peyntes ; 

But  we  honoure  the  holy  seyntes  we  chris- 

tians honour 
Off  whom  they  beryn  the  lyknesse,  t''«  saints 

In  our  mynde,  to  enpresse,  20982 

By  Clere ^  demonstraCiOU?iS,  [^  clere  St.,  cler  C,  clear  Tib.]        [leaf  272] 

Ther  martyrdam,  tlier  passiiou?«s, 

Ther  holy  lyff,  ther  '  myracles  [- and  ther  Tib.]  mu'ides 

Wych  ben  to  vs  but s  spectacles,    [s  but  st.,  but  as  c]  20986 

And  as  merours,  that  represente 

Ther  trewe  menyng  and  ther-'  entente,       [Uher o)«. st.] 

Ther  grete  labour  and  vyctorye  ; 


5 GO  Christian  Images  arc  meant  to  he  read  like  Books. 


and  make 
ti-(im  them  a 
Ciileiular  of 
Patriarchs, 


of  Christ  and 
His  Apostles, 
and  Martyrs. 


The  Pilgrim.   "  That  We  sholdc  ha  memorje,  [Tib.,  leaf  gsj  20990 

By  hem,  a  kaleuder  to  make, 
Wliat  they  suffrede  for  cryste-s  sake, 
Patry arches  and  prophctys, 

"Wych  in  hevene  haue  now  her  setys ;  20994 

The^  passlOU?^  off  cryst  hy«i-syhie,       [>  And  the  Tib.] 

[An  Illumination  folloivs  in  Tib.'\ 
And  off  hys  apostelys  twelue, 
And  off  martyrs  that  wer  vyctours ; 
The  pacyence  off  c6nfessours,  20998 

And  off  maydenes,  in  ther  degre. 
That  deyde  ^  in  vyrgyny te,       p  c,  deyed  xib.,  dyed  St.] 
As  clerkys  in  ther  lyves^  ffynde.     pboksst.]   [stowe,  leafsii] 

"  Ymages  presente  to  Our  mynde,  21002 

And  to  V!3,  clerly  expresse, 
Off  her  lyvyng  the  holynesse ; 
And  for  thys  skyle,  (wt't/i-oute  let) 
Ymages  in  cherches  ben  vp  set ; 
And  vn-to  folkys  many  On, 
fful  gret  profyt  also  they  done, 
K"amly,  to  swych  (I  yow  ensure) 
That  ne  kan,  no  lettrure ; 
ffor,  on  ymages  wha«  they  lookys, 
Ther  they  rede,  as  in  ther  bookys,"* 
What  they  ouhte  off  ryht  to  sue, 
And  also  what  they  shaP  eschewe, 
Ther  they  may  yt  clerly  lere. 

"  But  off  thy  mawmet,  I  wolde  here, 
"Wych  may  the  no  thyng  socoure, 
Why  thow  sholdest  \\jm  honoure. 
ffor  (who  that  any  resou??  kan,) 
AVit/^Inne,  enclosyd  ys  Sathan, 
And  ther  hym-sylff  hath  mad  a  se, 
The  prynce  off  al  inyquyte, 

The  wychc''  (shortly  for  tendyte,)  [« wuiche  Tib.,  st.,  wych  c] 
fful  mortally  he  slial  the  quyte. 
Whan  he  seth  tyme,  and  best  Icyser. 
And  therfor,  now,  whyl  thow  art  her,  21026 

Off  thy  Mawmet  for  to  telle, 
Scy  on ;  for  I  ne  may  nat  dwelle." 


Our  images 
express  tlie 
Saints'  lioly 
lives. 


and  are 
set  up  in 
churches 


that  the  un- 
learned may 
read  from 
tliem  as  from 
books ; 

and  learn 
what  to  do, 
and  to  avoid. 


[leaf  272,  bk.] 
liut  why 
should  he 
worship  the 
Idol,  which 
contains 
Satan, 


and  will  hurt 
him  mort- 
ally? 


21006 


21010 

I*  loke  .  .  boke  St., 
lokys  .  .  bokys  Tib.] 

[Tib.,  leaf  68,  back] 

[5  sebulde  Tib.,  shuld  St.] 

21015 


21018 


21022 


/  meet  the  old  hag  Sorcery,  ivho  hooJcs  me. 


561 


21030 


21034 


The   Vyleyn  :  ^  ['  St-.  veleyne  Xib.,  om.  C] 

'Thow  gest^  no  mor,  as  now,  for  me;     [^ geste Tib., getst St.] 
But  off  0  tliyng  I  warne  the ; 
Yiff  thow  in  thys  place  abyde, 
Myn  ax  shal  thorgh  thy  nekkci  glycle, 
But  yiff^  thow  do  to  my?«  Image,  ['jeueTib.] 

Lowly  worshepe  and  homjige. 
Ches  yiff^  the  lyst,  and  lat  me  se, 
fFor  thow  gest*  no  mor  off  me.'     [*  getest  St.,  geste  Tib.] 
The  Pylgryme  :  ^  ['  Tib.,  piigrim  st„  om.  c] 

Than  I  stood  in  fful  gret  doute. 

And  as  I  tournede  me  aboute,  21038 

Myd  off  thys  He  that  I  off  tolde, 
And  euery  party  gan  beholde, 
Myd  off  thys  se,  lookyng  ech  way 
How  I  myhte  eskape  a- way  ;  21042 

And  to- for  niyW  Eye*'  I  fond     [^eyneSt.]    [Tib., leaf  69] 

A  Maryssh,  or  elles  a  merssh'''  lond,       [^mershest.] 

Tliat  peryllous  was,  and  ful  profoujide, 

And  off  ffylthes  ryht  habouwde,  21046 

And  thy der- ward  as^  I  gan  hye  [*  was  c] 

A  vekke  Old  me  dyde  espye, 
Komyng  viith  an  owgly  cher;       [stowe,  leaf  84i,  back] 
Vp-on  hyr  bed,  a  gret  paner ;  21050 

In  hyr  ryht  hand  (as  I  was  war,) 
An  hand  kut  off,  me  sempte  she  bar. 

And,  or  any  hede  I  took,^     ['  I  took  Tib.  (C.  burnt),  she  toke  St.] 

She  kauhte  me  i^with  a  crokyd  hooke.^o  ^'"-hokfst!]' *'"""*'' 

\_Blank  m  MS.  for  ayi  Illumination,  given  in  Tib. 

The  old  Witch  has,  in  her  left  hand,  a  long  stick, 

hooJvt  binder  the  Pilgrim's  left  armpit;   and  her 

right  hand  grasps  a  big  cut-off  hand  by  its  ivrist.] 

And  as  she  gan  me  faste  holde, 

I  axede  hyre  what  that  she  wulde,  21056 

And  make^i  a  declarac'wu?*  [»  make  c,  Tib.,  St.] 

Off  name  and  off  condyciouw. 

IT  Sorcerye  :  ^^  ['^  Tib.,  st.,  om.  c] 

Quod  she:  ' vnderstond  me  thus ;  21059 

My  name  ys  '  BythdlaSSUS,'  ^^  ['^  bythalassus  Tib.,  Bythassus  C,  St.] 

Wych  ys  to  seyne,  (who  lyst^'*  se)     p  Jyste  Tib.,  lyst  c,  St.] 

PILGRIMAGE.  O  O 


The  Car- 
penter de- 
clares he'll 
chop  my 
heail  off  if 
I  don't 
worship  his 
Idol. 


I'm  in  great 
fear. 


and  go  to- 
wards a 
marsh. 


On  the  way 
I  meet  an  old 
hag  (Sorcery) 


with  a  basket 
on  her  head, 

and  a  cut-off 

hand  in  Iter 

right  hand. 

[leaf  273] 


She  seizes 
hold  of  me 
with  her 
hook. 


Sorcery 


tells  me  she 
is  liytha- 
lassus, 


562  Sortilege  or  Sorcery,  vjJio  shoidcl  he  cald  Mcdeficc. 

soreern.      '  A  ffainous  perejl  off  the  se, 

In  wych  (wyth-outen  any  grace)       [Tib.,  leaf  69,  back] 
Alle^  ffolk  that  forby  pace,      [' AUe  Tib.,  ai  c,  ah  st.]  21064 
And  allii  tho  that  thorgh  me  gon, 
I  make  hem  perysshen,^  euerychon.        [^  perysUe  st.] 
'  And  also  ek  touchyng  my  name, 
ami  her  I  am  callyd  (by  giet  dyffame,  21068 

As  som  ^  ffolkys  specefye,)  ['  som  c,  Tib,,  some  st.] 

Sortilege  or        '  Soi'tylege*  01  SorCCrye.'  [*  Cortylage  Tib.] 

Many  folkys  thus  me  calle ; 

And  yet  they  hate  me  nat^  alle ;      f'  "°„*ot  to.']"*'' '^■' 

I  am  be-Iovyd,  bothe  ffer  and  ner.  21073 

'  And  I  ber  ek  in  thys  paner 

(Who  that  with-Inn'6  lyst  to  seke) 
(with  knives.  Many  knyves  and  lioodys  ek,  21076 

Dyvers  wrytiis  and  ym^ges, 
aiitioint-        OyncmeMtys  and  herbages, 

nieiits, &c., in  ,    ,,      . 

herbasijet);     (jrailvyd  in  constellaciOu??.s  J 

ffor  I  obserue  my  sesou??s,  21080 

[leaf  27s,bk.]  and  make  off  hem  elleccyou7i  [Tib.] 

afftir  myne  oppynyoun.  „ 

but  she  And 'Maleffyce',  folkes*' alle,       [Tib.]     [« Maiyfite  folks  st.] 

sliouia  be  J        ' 

caui'Maie-      Off  ryght,  they  sliiilde  me  SO  calle.  [Tib.]  21084 

fice,'  ^  o      '  1/ 

I  have  ful  many  evel  vsiiges  [Tib.  &  c] 

as  her  drinks    Off  diynke's  and  off  beverages,  ,, 

Wherby  I  make  (her  and  yonder,) 
ffrendys  for  to  parte  assonder;  21088 

ffor,  yvith  fals  COniurySOU?«s'^    [' C.  &  Tib.,  coniurations  st.] 

And  with  myn  inca?itaciou7is, 
and  enchant-    And  many  dyuers  enchauwtement, 
mentsrum      go^dry  folk  ben  offte  shent.  21092 

And,  with  dyuers  crafftys  ek, 

I  kan  make  men  ful  sek  ; 
.and  kill  some.  And  so?/ime  also  ful  cursydly 

ffor  to  deye  sodeynly.  21096 

'And,  in  lordys  ek  presencys,  [stowe, leafats] 

I  kan  make  ek^  apparencys  [» eke  make  Tib.] 

Whan  that  me  lyst,  ful  many  On,  [Tib.,  leaf  7oj 

Yiff  I  .sholde  telle  hem  eue/'ychon.'  21100 

T/,0  ruorim.  ^  Tho    Pylgryme  :  '•'  ['•*  Pllsrim  Tib.,  St.,  om.  C] 


Hoiv  Sorcery  vxnt  to  the  Devil's  School,  and  lost  her  Soul.  563 


"  Tel  on,  (w/t/i-outii  mor  taryng,) 

Wher  lernystow  al  thy  konnyng.i "       t' ''' uTnyngeTib.] 

IF  Sorcerye  :  ^  [^  Tib.,  St.,  erye,  in  margin  C] 

'  Sothly,  (as  I  reherse  kan,) 

I  lernede  ray  komiyng  off  Satlian,  21104 

\An  Illumination  follmos  in  Tib.,  of  the  Devil  and 
four  women,  one  loith  a  long-hea/led  rod,  and  an- 
other with  a  child  in  her  armsJ\ 
Wycli  halt  hys  scole  nat  he?mys  ffer, 
And  hath  ydon  ful^  many  A  yer.  pydonest.] 

And  to  that  scole  kome  and  gon,  21107 

Off  scolerys  f  ul  many  *  on  ;  t*  8<^»'.»"  •  •  7"*"^  *  ^'-  '•=°'*" ;  • "»"? 

•'  J  '  Tib.,  scolerys , .  manyng  C] 

And  he,  aboue  al  mane?*  thyng, 

Ys  ful  glad  off  ther  komyng. 

And  off  that  Art,  in  many  wyse, 

Ther,  I  ha^  lernyd  the  guyse.  [shaueTib.]  211 12 

And  offte^  sythe  (yiff  thow  lyst  se,)  [« otrte  c,  Tib.,  eft  St.] 

Ther,  wyth  other  scolerys  be.' 


IT  The  Pylgryme : 


[7  Tib.,  Pilgrim  St.,  om.  C] 


"Tel  on  (and  make  no  mor  lettynge^)  [Tib., leaf 70, back] 
What  gaff  thow  hjm  for  thy  ku7mynge9  ] "  ^st.1c!"6!rrS] 

IT  Sorcerye  :  ^^  ['  kuHnynge  Xib.,  conynge  St.]   ['c  Tib.,  St.,  om.  C] 

'  The  trouthe,  yiff  I  telle  shal,  21117 

My  soule  I  gaff  hy?»,  hool  and  al, 

And  forsook  (liy  chaffaryng) 

The  werkys  off  tlie  myghty  kyng.  21120 

And  who  that  euere  wyl  do  so, 

And  to  that  scole  approche  vn-to, 

He  may  (yiff  that  I  shal  nat  lye,) 

ffynde  ther  swych  ^^  mercerye.'    t"  '^^w'^.che^Tfb®,  ^'■'  *'^"*'* ' ' 

IT  The  Pylgryme  :^^      p  Tib.,  Piigrim  st.,  o»e.  c] 
"Thow  hast  (as  I  shal  devyse,)  21125 

Mad  a  shrewde^^  marchauwdyse,        [w  schrewyd  Tib.] 
To  yeue^*  A  thyng  off  gret  noblesse,     ["  yue  c,  jeue  Tib.] 
Excellyng  ek  in  worthy nesse,  21128 

And  also  off  so^^  gret  vertu,  ['5  8oC.,st.,o»j.Tib.] 

ff  or  a  thyng  off  no  valu, 
And  (off  trouthe  and  off  reson?i) 

]M0St  wyl  1<5  off  reputaCiOU?*  ;  ['s  vyie  Tib.,  vyll  St.]    21132 

ffor  the  vvych,  (I  dar  wel  telle,) 


The  Pilgrim. 


Sorcery. 

She  got  her 
learning  from 
Satan  (who 
has  bis  school 
near). 


The  Pilgrim. 
[leaf  274] 


Sorcery. 


in  return  for 
her  soul. 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  tell  her 
she's  made  a 
bad  deal, 

to  give  her 
soul  for  a 
worthless 
thing. 


564      0/  the  face  Physiognomy,  and  the  hand  Chiromancy. 


and  that 
she  stands  in 
great  peril, 

Sorcerrj. 


but  slie 
doesn't 
repent, . 


and  will  not 
change  tho' 
she  goes  to 
Hell  for  it. 


[leaf  274,  bk.] 
The  Pilgrim. 

1  ask  her 
what  the 
cut-off  hand 
means. 


Sorcery. 

She  says 
Mathesis 
gave  it  her 
long  ago, 


and  also  a 
whole  face, 


cald  '  Physi- 
ognomy,' and 
the  hand  is 
•Chiro- 
mancy,' to 
tell  folks'  for- 
tunes by. 

The  Piliirim. 


[G-.1?/?/.  line'] 


Man  is  cald  a 
Microcosm, 


[ShaueSt.]     21140 
[Tib.,  leaf  71] 
[Stowe,  leaf  842,  b.ack] 

21U4 


[♦  Tib.,  om.  C,  St.] 
[Tib.] 


21148 


"  In  grete'  pereyl  tliow  dost  dwelle,   [» gret  c,  st.,  gvet  Tib.] 

(Off  verray  soth,  And  off  no  lape,) 

Neuere  lykly  to  eskape."  2113G 

H  Sorcerye  :  -  [*  Tib.,  st.,  in  margin  C] 

'  Al  thy  seyyng,  euerydel, 
I  wot  my-syltf  that,  wonder  wel ; 
ft'or  I  stoi'ide  in  swych  nieschau?«ce 
That  I  ha^  no  repentau?ice  ; 
I  am  so  ifer  ybrouht  wit/i-Inne, 
And  engluyd  so  With  synne, 
So  clevynge  vp-on  myn  erroiir, 
Tliat  I  truste  on  no  socour ; 
ffor  thogh  I  sholdii  go  to  helle, 
I  wyl  nat  go  ffro  that  I  telle.' 

IT  The  Pylgryme  :  * 
"  Declare  to  nie,  and  haue  Ido, 
AVhere-off  seruith  that  hand  also 
whiche  thow^  holdyst  now  so  ffaste  :  „ 

Thys  thyng,  expowne  to  me  in  liast."    [=  thow  st.,  that  Tib.] 

il  Sorcerye  :  ^  ["  Tib.,  st.,  erye  in  margin  C] 

Qiiocl  she  to  me  ageyn'^  a-noon ;         ["  ageyn,  om.Tib.] 

'Mathesis,  fful  yore  agon,  [c.&Tib.]  21152 

Gaff  yt  to  me  (by  gret  outrage,) 

And  also  ek®  an  hool  vysage,       [« c,  Tib.,  eke  also  st.] 

Wych  that  I  haue  in  my  depoos, 

Her,  wit/i-Inne  my  paner  cloos.  21156 

Yt  ys  ycallyd  '  Physonomye,'^ 

And  thys  hand  'Cyromancye,'^     [^  Tib.  transposes  these  lines.] 

To  telle  the  dysposic'ioa?is 

Off  ff oik,  and  ther  condyciomis.'  21160 

H  The  Pylgryme  :  ^°  j    ['» Tib.,  piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 
"  Tel  on  !  expowne  that  thyng  to  me, 
In  what  wyse  that  niyhte  be, 
Or  that  thow  and  I  dysseuere ; 
ffor,  at  that  scole  I  was  neue/'e."  21164 

IF  Sorcerye  :  ^^  ["  Tib.,  st.,  om.c] 

'  Ilerdystow  neuere  (off  aventurc)     [Tib.,  ieaf7i,  b.ick] 
That  a  man,  in  scrypture. 

Off  thys  12  phylosofres  alle,  U^  That  oir  these  Tib.] 

How  'Mycrocosme'i-''  they  hym  calle,  ^'^ '^;!;;;.o,'-asnic  c.] 


Man  is  a  Microcosm.  His  hand  is  starrd  like  the  Heavens.  565 


*  (Shortly  to  tellen,  at  0  word) 

Nat  ellys  hut  '  the  lassii  world  'V  21170 

IF  The  Pylgryine  :  ^         ['  Tib,,  piigiim  st.,  om. c] 

"  I  haue  herd  yt^  in  SColyS  Offte,       l"  And  I  haue  herd  Tib.] 

Ther  yrad,^  bothe  loude  and  soffte."  ■■* '•'raajJiib^]"  "''*"' ^ 


,  erie  in  margin  C] 


21173 


21176 


21184 


If  Sorcerye  :  ^  [*  st., 

'  Thyn  Answere  mvt  be  verrefyed ; 
Thys  lasse  world  ys  stellefyed 
Lych  hevene,  and  as  the  ffyrmament 
Ther-off  to  make  A  lugyinent, — 
Vnderstonde  by  bothe  two, 
Tlie  vysage  and  the  hand  also, — 
Vp-on  wych,  by  trewii  syht, 
Men  may  yive  a  doom  A-rylit^ 
Telle  the  condyc'^^oujis 
By  dyvers  lyneac'ioun.? 
"Wych  ther  be  set  (I  the  ensure,) 
Eyht  as  sterrys  off  nature. 

IF  The  Pylgryme  :  ^        [=>  Tib..  Piigrim  st.,  ow.  c] 
"  To  thy  wordys  I  may  accorde 
In  party,  and  nat  dyscorde, 

That  a  ma.71  who??t  we  nevene  [stowe,  leafsis] 

Ys  ysterryd  as  the  hevene  ; 
But  her- vp-on,  in  substau?rce, 
Thow  puttest  nat  in  reme??ibrau?zce, 
Namynge  thylkii  lyneac^ou7^s, 
By  namys  off  constellaciou?is  ;  [Tib.,  leaf 

ffor  trewelyS  (who  kan  reme?«bre)     -°  "t^ufyy^'j 
The  body  off  man,  and  euery  me?«bre, 
Ben  off  erthe,  in  certeyn, 
And  to  erthe  shal  tourne  ageyn. 

"  And,  affter  philisofres  talys, 
Ther  ben  hylles,  ther  ben  wales,'^ 
Medwes,  ryvers,  bothii  two, 
Wylde  bestys  elc  also,  21200 

And  grete  ffeldys  men  may  sen. 
And  pathes  that  hem  depa/'teth^   a-t\ven,    [» departe  Tib.] 
And  places  also  off  desert, 

Somme  open,  so???me  couert :  21204 

Thys  be  the  lyneactou/is 


or  the  less 
woild, 

The  Pilyrim. 


Snrcery. 


wliicli  is 
stand  like 
tlie  sky ; 


that  is,  by 
niim's  face 
and  hand. 


21180        [leaf  275] 


By  the  lines 
in  them, 
man's  fate 
can  be  told ; 
they  are 
Nature's 
Stars. 


21188 


]  21192 

Irewly  C, 


21196 


['  talks  . .  valys  Tib.,  tallia  , 
vallis  St.] 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  partly  agree 
with  you. 
Sorcery. 


But  recollect. 


man's  body 
is  of  earth, 
and  will 
turn  to  earth. 


Philosophers' 
tales  say  that 
there  are  hills 
and  valleys, 


fields  and 
paths, 


566        Mans  Heaven  is  his  Soul;  his  Sun  is  his  Reason. 


The  Pilgrim. 

Constella- 
tions in  man's 
hands  and 
faces, 


whereby 
their  disposi- 
tions can  be 
divined. 


But  all  this 
is  fables  and 
lies. 

[leaf  275,  bk.] 


The  only 
heaven  in 
man  is  his 
soul. 


and  of  this, 
the  Sun  or 
intellect 


is  his  reason; 


and  bis  good 
example  is 
the  Stars. 


Clerks  call 
the  less 
world  man, 


and  his  Stars 
make  him 
cald  Celestial. 


But  to  sup- 
pose tliat 
shapes  and 
lines 


"  Y-namyd  constellac'iou?«s, 

In  the  handys  and  the  vysage, 

Wherby,  clerkys  that  be  sage,  21208 

Affter  thyre  oppynyouw, 

Make  dyvynaciouw, 

And  declare  to  the  and  me 

(Wlio  that  kan  beholde  and  se)  21212 

A  ma^hys^  dyspOsic'iOUri.  ['  mannes  Tib.,  mans  St.] 

"  But  al  thys,  in  conclus'iouw ; 
To  devyne,  by  swych^  thynges,      [» swyche  Tib.,  suche  St.] 
Ar  but  fables  and  lesynges.  [c.&Tib.]  21216 

fFor,  (yiff  thow  Avylt  trewly  nevene,)  „ 

In  A  man,  ther  ys  noon  hevene, 
(fFor  to  name  yt  trewely.^)  P  trewiy  e.,  truly  St.] 

But  hys  sowlo  al  only.  21220 

What  so  euere  ther-off  thow  teller, 
That  ys  hys  hevene,  and  nothyng  ellys  : 
Thus  clerkys  seyn,  that  trouthii  ko7me. 
And,  off  thys,  the  bryhte  so?me  .^  21224 

Namyd  ys  (in  sentement) 

Intellect  or  entendiiment.'^   [*  C,  Tib.,  Incelent  or  encendement  St.] 
The  mone^  (in  COncluSlomi)  [^  mone  Tib.,  name  C] 

Ys  ycallyd  hys  resouM,  [Tib.,  leaf 72,  back]  21228 

Hys  vertues,  and  goode  thewes. 

"  And  good  exau»zple  that  he  shewes, 
Tho  ben  the  sterrys  bryht  and  clere, 
Wych  that  in  thys  heuene  apere.  21232 

And  hooly  clerkys,  in  bookys  kan, 
*  The  lasse  world '  thus  calle  A  man. 
And  who  that  hath  most  holynesse 
In  vertu,  haveth  most  bryhtnesse  :  21236 

Wych  sterrys  make  a  man  at  al 
To  be  callyd  '  celestyal,'  [stowe,  leaf  3t3,  back] 

And  concluden  (off  Eesouyz,) 

Hevenly  dysposic'iou?^.  21240 

Thys  the  trowthe,  wit/^-oute  glose. 

"  And  lyk  thy  wordys,  I  suppose, 

Affter  the  CaaS  off  thy  Seyyng.^       ["^  seiynge  Tib.,  sayenge  St.] 

That  swyche  toknys  outward  shewyng,  21244 

ffygures  or*"  lyneac'iou?<s,  [7  and  Tib.] 


Marks  in  a  man's  Hand  or  Face  can't  control  his  Acts.  507 


"  Shewede  the  condycioiuis, 

And  outward  made  ther-on  A  skyl 

Off  governau?ice  towchyng  hys  wyl,  21248 

Off  folkys  inclinactou?«s, — 

Yt  ar^  but  fals  fundaciOU7iS,  [>  That  are  Tib.] 

(Ther-vp-on,  who  lyst  to  se,) 

To  conclude  necessyte,  21252 

That  yt  muste  be  so  off  ryht. 

"  ffor  tooknys,  in  A  manhys-  syht,  [» raaii«es  Tib.,  mans  st.] 
And  sygnes  (bothe  at  eve  and  pnme,) 
Deceyve  and  faylle  ful  offtii  tyme,  21256 

To  folk  that  looke  with  eyen  cler. 
Eyght  as,  off  A  tauerner, 
The  grene  bussh  that  hangeth  out^ 
Ys  a  sygne  (yt  ys  no  doute,)  21260 

Outward,  folkys  for  to  telle, 
That  wit/i-Inne  ys  wyn  to  sell. 
And  for  al  that,  (I  the  ensure) 

Yt  may  falle^  offaventure,  pfayiest.]     [Tib.ieafvs]  21264 
fFor  alle  the  bowes,  rekne  echon. 
That,  wit/i-Inne,  wyn  ys  ther  noon. 

"  And  Eveue  (to  purpos  off  thys  cas,) 
Yt  ffyl  thus  off  Ypoeras,  21268 

The  phylysofre  ful  famous, 
Eyht  prudent  and  vertuous. 
Off  whom  the  ffygur  and  ymJige 

And  tooknys  alle  off  hys  vysage,  21272 

"VVer  ybrouht  to  Phylemou«., 
A  phylisofre  off  gret  renouw, 
ffor  to  descryue  hem  by  and  by, 

And  to  concluden  naturelly  21276 

Al  the  inclynac^ou?^s 
And  also  the  condiciou7is 
Off  Ypoeras,  that  was  so  wys. 

"  And  Philemowj  (by  short  avys)  21280 

Concludede  (as  in  sentement) 
That  he  was  incontynent. 
And  off  hys  ly vyng  vycyous, 

And  naturely  ek  lecherous.  21284 

ffor  (wlian  he  took  good  heed  thcr-to,) 


The  Pihii-iin. 


govern  Man's 
will  is 


[leaf  276] 

They  are  hut 
signs,  and  oft 
deceive. 


A8  a  tavevner 
hangs  out  a 
green  bust 
for  a  sign. 


that  wine  is 
on  sale  in- 
side; 


but  some- 
times it  isn't. 


The  shape 
and  iniiige  of 
the  philoso- 
pher Hippo- 
eras 


were  brought 
to  Phylemon, 


who,  by 
them,  ad- 
judgd  him  to 
be  a  vicious 
man. 


)68 


Chiromancy  &c.  are,  accursed  Arts. 


The  Pilgrim. 


[leaf  276,  bk.] 

But  Hippo- 
eras  bridled 
his  inclina- 
tions by  his 
reason,  aud 
lived  virtu- 
ously. 


His  outward  '. 
shape  and 
lines  caused 
no  necessity. 


Therefore 
these  arts  are 
superstitious, 
and  aceui'st. 


Chuck  em 
into  the  sea. 


Tlien  I  broke 
away  from, 
Sorcery 


and  went  to 
a  rock. 


and  was  soon 
surrounded 
by  the  sea. 


"  The  tooknys  outward  told  hy??^  so, 

By  Open  demonstraciouw.  [stowe,  leaf  344] 

"  But  ypocras,  (off  good  resouw)  21288 

By  vertu  ouly,  dyde  liys  peyne, 
Alle  the  sygnes  to  restreyne, 
ffor-dyde  hys  inclynac'iou7j 

Wytli  a  brydel  off  resou?i ;  21292 

Aud  wyth  hys  fflessh  held  swych  a  stryfF, 
That  he  was  vertuous  off  lyff. 

"  The  tooknys  (who  so  lyst  to  se) 
Causede  noon  necessyte ;  21296 

ffor,  thogh  they  gaff  an  dpparence, 
They  wer  fals'^  in  existence,  [>  wore  ffaise  Tib.] 

And  maden  a  ful  strong  lesyng         [Tib.,  leaf  73,  back] 
To  Phylemouji  in  hys  demyng.  21300 

"  Wher-for,  lerne  thys  off  me  ; 
Lat  thy  ffantasyes  ^  be,  [« ffimtesye  Tib.] 

ffor  to  brynge3  folk  in*  rage,    1^' '"'^"^•^fs'tT"^  ^''  ^^'^ 
Both  off  thyw  hand  and  thy  vysage,  21304 

And  also  ek  off  thy  paner 

"Wyche^  that  thow  shewest  her.    [5  whiche  Tib.,  st.,  wych  c] 
ffor  they  be  superstycious, 

Cursyd,  and  ryht  contagyous ;  21308 

And  therfor,  by  the  rede  off  me, 
A-noon  let  cast  hem  in  the  Se." 

And  in  thys  poynt,  good  hed  I  took. 
And  brak^  loos  oute  off  hys  hook ;     [« brake  Tib.,  St.] 


And,  wyth-oute  mor  delay, 

Wente  forth  vp-on  my  way, 

Tyl  at  the  laste  I  gan  Aproche 

ffaste  by  vn-to  A  roche. 

And  I  a-noon  (off  goode  entente) 

Ther-vp-on,  a-noon  I  wente. 

And  to  thys  roche  large '^  and  squar, 

The  se  kam  douw,  or  I  was  war, 

And  besette  me  round  aboute ; 

Wher-ofE  I  stood  in  ful  gret  doute, 

And  hadde  in  hertii  fful  gret  wo. 

Whan  I  was  besegyd  so 

Wyth  the  floodys  sterne  aud  huge. 


21313 


21316 


['  longe  Tib.] 


21320 


21324 


The  old  Encliantress,  Scylla,  or  Conspiracy. 


569 


['  knewe  Tib.,  knew  C,  St.] 


21328 


21332 

\}  chere  St.,  cber  C] 
[Tib.,  leaf  74] 
[Stowe,  leaf  344,  back] 

21336 


And  knew,^  as  tho,  no  refuge, 
Confort  nor  consolaciJouw. 

And  sodeynly  I  sawh  kome  douw 
A  wonder  Old  enchau?iteresse, 
And  to  me-ward  she  gan  hyr  dresse. 
And  I  sawh  wel  ek  ther  I  stood, 
On  the  wawiis  how  she  rood, 
Off  look  and  chere  ^  fful  pervers  ; 
And  howndys  nianye  and  dyvers 
She  hadde,  behynde  and  ek  beforn ; 
And  niyghtyly  she  blewh  an  horn. 
Made  hyr  hou7^dy3  a  gret  route, 
ffor  tassaylle  me  round  aboute. 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination,  given  in  Tib., 
of  the  Hornhloioer  on  the  ivaves,  and  the  Pilgrim  on 
?iis  little  bit  of  ground,  and  eight  hounds  round 
him.l 
And  as  I  stood  vp-on  the  wrak, 
Evene  thus  to  me  she  spak : 

IT  Scilla,  (or)  Conspiraccwuw :  ^ 
Quod  she,  '  thow  must  descende  a-dou7f, 
ffor  ther  geyneth  no  rauwsouw 
But  that  thow  shalt  devoured  be 
Off  thys  hou?«dys,  that  thow  dost  se.' 

IT  The  Pylgryme  :  *        [♦  Tib.,  Piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 
"  Certys,"  qwoc?  I,  "  yt  is  no  nay, 
I  stonde  in  a  perillous  way ; 
But,  I  praye  the,  in  thys  rage, 
Let  me  nat  off  my  passage, 
Nor  bryng  me  nat  in  no  dyffame 
Tyl  that  thow  ha  told  thy  name. 
And  shewyd,  by  relaciouw, 
Thy  maner,  and  thy  condyOTOuw." 

Scilla,  ConspiracyouTi :  ^ 
'  My  name  (for  short  conclusiouw) 
Ys  caUyd  '  Conspirac'iou?2,' 
Or  ellys  (what  so  euere  falle,) 
'  Scilla '  ek  thow  mayst  me  calle ; 
And  am  ek  (yiff  thow  lysf^  se) 
On  off  the  pereillcs  off  the  se. 


21348 


[Tib.,  leaf  74,  back] 


[5  Tib.,  St.,  om.  C] 


The  Pilgrim. 

[leaf  277] 

An  old  en- 
chantress 
(Scylla  1 
comes  to  nie. 


riding  on 
the  waves, 


and  sets  her 
hounds  at 
me. 


21340 

[3  Tib.  (om.  St., 
in  margin  C.)] 


21344 


21352 


Sci/Ua,  or 
Conspiracy. 

She  bids  me 
come  down, 
or  her  dogs 
'11  devour  me. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  her  not 
to  hinder  me 


till  she's  told 
me  her  name. 


Scylla. 

[leaf  277,  bk.] 
She  says  it's 
Conspiracy, 


21356    or  Scilla. 
[6  lyste  to  Tib,,  lyst  C,  St.] 


a  peril  of  the 

sea. 


570 


Conspiracy's  Hounds  that  carry  out  her  Frauds. 


Sci/lla,  or 
Contpiracy. 

Slie  hunts 
folk  wlio  row 
in  it. 


and  makes 
lier  hounds 
bark  at  'em. 


They  bite 
grievously. 


and  are 
coupled  by 
great  oaths. 


If  they  don't 
iiark,  they 
bit«  men. 


and  work  by 
fraud. 


She  telle  a 
story  of  two 
kings 

who  went 
to  war. 


The  first 
attackt,  with 
his  knights, 

[leaf  278] 


who  had 
sworn  the 
day  before  to 
fight  well. 


But  they 
faild  him. 


21360 


21364 


[» or  greet  Tib.J 


[3othesTib.]    21368 


*  I  chace  at  hem  that  ther-in  Rowe, 
And  make  the  fellc  fioodys  flowe, 
ffolkys  for  to  putte  in  doute, 
Do  rayn  houwdys,  ful  gret  route, 
Berkyn,  and  gret  noysii  make  j 
And  grete  bestys  for  to  take 
Wi't/i-oute  noyse  or^  berkyng  : 
Wonder  grevous  ys  ther  bytyng. 
I  couple  hem  with  vayn  owne  hondys, 
And  grete  hothes^  ben  the  bondys 
Wyth  wych  I  make  ther  allyauwce, 
Botlie  by  feyth  and  assuraurjce. 

'  Wyth  the  noyse  that  they  make, 
Pylgrymes  offte  they  do?i  a-wake ; 
And  thogh  they  berke  nat  On  A  man, 
fful  mortally  they  byten  kan  ; 
And  thogh  they  byten  by  greet  ^  sleyhte, 
Ther  berkyng  ys  no  thyng  on  heyhte ; 
Ther  fraude  ys  do  so  couertlye, 
That  no  ma??  may  yt  espye ; 
ffor,  vnder  colour,  (in  sothnesse,) 
They  wyl  ha*  thank  for  her  falsnesse.     [♦  woie  haue  Tib.] 

'And,  to  purpos  ofFthys  thyng,  ^'^fj^'^ro^ftwokinja 
Yt  %1  onys,  that  a  kyng,  ^  '"■^'-'^ 

A-geyn  a-nother  kyng  nat  ferre. 

Off  purpos  held  A  mortal  werre  ;  21384 

And  with  the  meyne  that  they  wit/i-held, 
Bothe  they  kam  in-to  the  ffeld.  [stowe,  leaf  345] 

'  The  ffyrste  kyng  that  I  off  telle, 
Wit/t^  knyhtys  that  aboute  hy»i  dwelle,     ^'  %f^:;^f' 
On  whom  he  trustede  as  hys  lyff,  21389 

Gan  fyrst  asayUen  in  thys  stryff ; 
But  for  al  that,  I,  vjiih  my  wyle, 
Thus  I  dyde  the  kyng  begyle :  21392 

I  made  hys  knyhtys,  the^  day  to-forn,       [UhtyC] 
Vn-to  hy?M  for  to  be  sworn, 
Ther-vp-on  her  lyff  to  spende, 

That  they  sholde  hy?M  wel  dyffende,  21396 

And  knyhtly  gouerne  the  bataylle. 

'  But  at  the  poyut,  they  dyde  hy?«  fayUe ; 


21372 


P  greet  Tib.,  gre 
C,  St.] 

21376 


21379 


21404 


[Tib.,  leaf  75,  back] 


21408 


How  Scylla  makes  a  King's  Knights  deceive  him. 

'  They  entreii  in  -with  manly  chere ; 

And  whan  they  gan  assemble  yfere,  21400 

Off  purpos,  thys^  knyhtys  eue/ychon,   ['  these  Tib.,  thes  St.] 

Wer  y-y olden,  On  by  On, 

By  sleyhte  and  by  collusiouw, 

To  make  hy»i  paye  ther  rau«sou« 

Wherfor,  the  same  kyng,  alias, 

"Was  deceyved  in  thys  caas ; 

With  shame  and  gret  corifusioure 

Drowh  bak  vn-to  hys  pavylliou??, 

Supposynge,  in  hys  drede, 

That  thys  knyhtys  off  manhede 

Hadde  be  take  in  that  dystresse, 

Off  manhood  and  off  hih  prowesse. 

And  therfor,  touch yng  ther  rauwsouw, 

The  kyng  made  ther  redempc'touH. 

And  whan  that  they  kam  to  hys  syht, 

He  thawkede  hem  -with  al  hys  myght, 

Demynge,  off  manhood,  for  hys  sake, 

That  they  hadde,  echon  be  take, 

And  lovede  hem  more  than  beforn, 

Be-cause  they  han  hem  so  wel  born  : 

But  al  was  fals  decepctou??, 

Contrayre  to  hys  oppynyou?*. 

'And  swyche^  hou^idys  douteles, 
God  wot,  I  ha  mo  than  a  les ; 
Off  hem,  plente  and  gret  foysouw, 
ffor  to  cachche  me  venysouw, 
Off  ffatte  bestys,  hih  off  gres, 
With  howndys  that  be  nat  Eekkeles, 
To  chachche,^  and  brynge  what  they  may, 
Hoom  to  my  larder,  day  be  day, 
Swych  houredys,  niy?j  horn  wel  knowe, 
And  they  wyl  kome  whan  I  blowe, 
And  fawne  also  whan  they  me  seth. 
And  thow  most  fele  ther  sharpii  teth ; 
And*  truste  wele,  they  shal  nat  faylle,     [*  And  Tib.,  fm- St.] 


571 


Sci/lla,  or 
Coimpiracy. 


and  surrend- 
erd, in  order 
to  make  bini 
pay  their 
ransom. 


So  tlie  king 
had  to  re- 
treat. 


21412 


21416 


21420 


[2  swyche  Tib.,  swych  C. 
suclie  St.] 

21424 


21428 

P  cache  St.] 


21432 


In  al  hast,  the  tassayUe.'^ 
And  wyth  the  blowyng 
(Bothe  behynde  and  beforn,) 


[5  to  assaylle  Tib.,  to  assayll  St.] 
[Stowe,  leaf,  345,  back] 

And  wyth  the  blowyng  off  hyr  horn, 


and  redeem 
his  knights. 


Then  lie 
thaiikt  them 
for  their 
manhood, 


and  lovd 
them; 


but  the  whole 
thing  was  a 
fraud. 


[leaf  278,  bk.] 
Scylla  has 
many  liounds 
to  catch  her 
venison,  &c. 


[G-iyU.  line'] 

When  Scylla 
blew  her 
born. 


572     Scyllas  hounds  hite  me.     I  am  on  a  rode  in  the  sea. 
The  Pilgrim.  As  cruelly  as  the  liou?jdys  kan, 

herhouiidB       Vo-On  1116  ecllOn  theV  rail,  [Tib.,  leaf -6]    21440 

atliickt  me ! 

And  gan  assaylle  me  mortally  : 

They  berke,  Hhey  byte,^  ryht  felly,  ['-i  om.  st..  they  bete  Tib.] 
And  to  me  dydtJ  ful  gret  wrong, 

The  grete  lemerys  wer  so  strong.  21444 

But  the  And  haddii  nat  the  floodys  be, 

waves  make  •  i       m 

iier  and  iier  .   That  drowh  ageyn  m-to  the  See, 
And  ek  Scilla  (of  whom  I  tolde,) 
Wit/i  hyr  Eyen  fifoul  and  Okie,  21448 

Caste  hyr  look  on  me  A-non, 
And  sayde  that  she  niuste  gon 
withdraw,       Balcwavd,  and  hyr-sylff  wz't/i-drawe 

Wyth  the  flood  and  wyth  the  wawe ;  21452 

scyiia.  [Scylla  or  Conspiration.] 

?i_>e  "j'e'i'en-    t  But  flPyrst,'  (\nod  she,  '  ha  thys  in  mynde, 
^evejiged  if ^    A-nother  tyme,  yiff  I  the  ffynde, 
again.  Truste  fullv,  I  shal  be 

Bet  avengyd  vp-on  the.'  21456 

The  Pilgrim.       [The  Pilgrim.] 

And  whan  hyr  hou»,dys  and  she  wer  gon, 
I  leff te  behynden  al  aHon, 
[leaf  279]  \^Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination,  given  in  Tib., 

of  the  Pilgrim  lying  on  his  little  oval  green  Island 
in  the  sea,  his  hare   Jmees,  chest,  and   right  arm 
showing  thro'  rents  in  his  torn  ivhite  rohe.'\ 
Al  to-torn  and  rent  w«t/i  wondys 

Thorgh  bytyng  off  hyr  cruel  liou7idys,  21460 

1  am  left         Wytli  gret  sorwe  and  passiouw, 
torment,         In  torment  and  affliccioun  ; 

And  me  remembryng  in  certeyn,       [Tib.,  leaf  76,  back] 
That  yiff  the  floodys  kome  ageyn,  21464 

She  sholde,  tencresse  vfiih  my  wo. 
Kome  ageyn  hyr-sylff  also ; 
Therfore,  to  fflen  out  off"  hyr  syhte. 
In  the  bestii  wyse  I  myghte.  21468 

and  try  to  get  I  dyde  my  labour  and  my  cure, 

In  hope  my  sylue?z  to  assure, 
to  some  other  YifT  I  iiiyhtc,  by  hap  or  grace, 

place.  '^  n  1  i  ^^  "> 

To  drawc  to  som  other  place.  214/ 'J 


In  a  trance,  I  see  a  Tower  revolving  like  a   Wheel. 


573 


21476 


21480 


And  whyl  I  lay  thus  in  A  trance, 
In  gret  Anoy  and  pcrturbam^ce, 
I  herde  a  voys  mellodyus, 
Wonder  soote  and  gracyous, 
Wych  was  to  me  ful  gret  plesaunce ; 
ffor  I  forgat  al  my  grevaunce, 
My  dool  and  al  my  passiouw, 
Wytli  mellodye  off  thylke  sonn. 

But  as  I  stood  thus  in  a  wher, 
And  drowhei  me  toward  the  ryver,  ^' ^  Si  co""^"*^ 
A  Tour  I  sawh,  wylde  and  savage, 
And  squar  aboute?«,  off  passage,  21484 

[A71  Illumination  of  the  Toicer  folloivs  in  Tib.,  with 
flames  conmig  out  of  six  holes  below  the  battlements. 
The  Pilgrim  is  shown  on  his  Island.^ 
Wych  hadde  Rounde^  ffenestrallys,  [» Round  c,  St.,  rownd  Tib.] 
Percyd  thorgh,  vp-on  the  wallys  ; 
At  wyche  hoolys,  (out  off  doute,) 
Smoke  and  flawmii  passede  oute ; 
And  yet  thys  tour  (who  loke  wel,) 
Tournede  abouten  as  a  whel 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
Vp-on  the  fflodys  Envyrou?*, 
Wyth  the  wawes  vp  and  dowi. 
Somwhyle  (as  I  koude  knowe) 
The  hiest  party  was  most  lowe ; 
And  also  (ek  I  sawh  ful  offte) 
The  lowest  party  set  aloffte ; 
And  thus,  by  transmutaciou??, 
Yt  turnede  alway  vp  so  dowi. 

And  in  thys  whyle,  euer  Among, 
I  herde  a  melodyous  song. 
Off  On  (as  I  koude  vnderstond,) 
That  ber  a  phetele^  in  hys  hond ;   p  pUetiieic  Tib.,  piieteii  St.] 
And  thys  menstral  (soth  to  seyne) 
Was  departyd  evene  a  tweyne  :  21504 

ffrom  the  myddel  vp,  A  man, 
Donward  (as  I  reherse  kan) 
A  bryd  wynged  merveyllou.sly, 
Wyth  pawnys  streynynge  mortally.  21508 


The  PUffrim. 
In  a  trance. 


I  bear  a  me- 
lodioivs  voice, 


which  makes 
me  forget  my 
grief. 


I  go  towards 
tlie  river, 
and  see  a 
square  tower, 


[leaf  97  Tib.,  S4G  Stowe] 

21488    [leaf  279,  bit.] 


which  turns 
round  like  a 
wheel 


21492 


21496 


21500 


with  the 
waves. 
Sometimes 
the  top  is  at 
the  bottom ; 

and  then  the 
bottom  is  at 
the  top. 


In  the  Wheel 


is  a  Minstrel, 


who  is  man 
above  and 


574      A  Merman,  Worldly  Gladness,  tells  me  what  he  does. 


[leaf  280] 


Worldly^ 
Gladness. 

Tliis  Minstrel 
offers  to  play 
to  me,  as  lie 


can  play 
everything, 


and  amuses 
lords  as  well 


as  shepherds. 


He  sings 
and  dances  a 
weddings; 


and  his  name 
is  '  Worldly 
Play,' 

a  Mermaid 
(or  Merman)] 
of  the  Sea. 


He  makes 
people  forget 
their  Creator, 
and  ruins 
them. 

[leaf  280,  bk.] 


[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination,  given  in  Tib.,  of 
a  Bird-man  flying  to  the  Pilgrim,  a  curvd  fiddle 
in  his  left  hand,  its  curvd  boio  in  his  right.'\ 
And  thys  beste  ^  f ul  savage,  ['  beeste  Tib.,  best  c] 

Lyk  a  man  off  hys  vysage, 

Spak  to  me  tful  curteysly  ;  [Tib.,  leaf  77,  back] 

And  thus  he  sayde  muryely  ;  2  [*  merely  Tib.]  21512 

H  Gladnesse  off  the  World  :^   [^  Tib.,  in  margin  c] 
'  Tel  on  to  me  (and  sey  nat  nay,) 
What  maner  solace,  or  what  play 
Lovest  thow  best :  tel  on,  lat  se. 
And  I  shal  pleyn  to-fore*  the  ;  ^*  ^  fo^/c.! p.*^°to'fIre  st?^"  *° 
ffor  I  kan  (lych  to  thyn  entent)  21517 

Pleye  on  euery  instrument ; 
And,^  for  to  make  lordys  cher,  [^  And  om.  Tib.] 

Bothe  at  ches  and  the  cheker,  21520 

The  drawhtes  ther-off,  ful  wel  I  kan. 
Ye  /  bet  than  any  other  man. 
And  whan  that  ylke  play  ys  do, 

ffor  shepperdys  I  kan  also,  21524 

At  the  merellys,  best  off  alle, 
"VVhan  so  that  they  lyst  me  calle, 
Pype  and  taboure  in  the  strete, 
Wyth  lusty  folkys  whan  I^  mete.  ['they Tib.]  21528 

'  At  weddynges,  to  do  plesaunce, 
I  kan  karole  wel,  and"  daunce;  [' and  wei  Tib.] 

In  euery  play  I  do  excelle. 

And  yt  wer  to  long  to  telle  21532 

The  dysportys  and  the  playes 
That  I  vse  on  somer  dayes  : 

My  loye  ys  al  in  merthe  and  game;  21535 

And  '  Worrldly^  Plf-y/  that  ys  my  name.   [^  wordeiy  Tib.] 

'  Men  may  me  calle  (off  equyte) 
A  Mermayden  off  the  se,  [stowe,  leaf  346,  back] 

That  synge  off  custom,  ay  gladdest, 
To-forn  a  storm  and^  a  tempest,      [^  or  st.,  and  Tib.]  21540 
To  make  ek  folk^o  (thys  my  labour,)  ['o  foike  eke  Tib.] 
To  forgete  ther  creatour ; 
And  folk  in  my  subiecc'toure, 
I  brynge  hem  to  destruccmm.'  [Tib.,  leaf  7s]  21544 


Ho'iv  Admiral  Satan  hnilt  the  Turning  Tower. 


575 


21548 


21552 

[2  Tib.,  worldly  gladiies 
St.,  om.  C] 

[»  Fyrste  Tib.,  Fyrst  C,  St.] 


II  The  Pylgryme :  ^        [>  Tib.,  piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 
"  Thogh  thow  be-gynne  in  gladnesse, 
Tliow  endest  euere  in  wrechchydnesse ; 
EUys  I  wolde,  for  my  plesauwce, 
Wytli  the  haven  tiqueyntauwce. 
I  pray  the,  put  me  out  off  doute 
Off  thys  tour  turnynge  aboute  ; 
"What  maner  thyng  that  yt  may  be, 
ffyrst  off  alle,  that  wolde  I  se." 

U  Wordely  Gladnesse :  ^ 
'  ffyrst,^  (yiff  thow  lyst  to  se,) 
The  grete  Aniyral  off  the  see, 
Wych  that  callyd  ys  Sathan, 
Thys  tour  sothly  he  began  ; 
ffor  he  fyrst  (off  entenc2:ou7j) 
Made  ther  hys  habytaczou??. 
And  other  shyp  ne  hath  he  noon, 
Among  the  floodys  for  to  gon. 
In  the  wyche,  by  gret  deceyt, 
He  lyth  euere  in  a-wayt, 
Wyth  pylgrymes  to  holde  stryff, 
And  to  make  hem  lese  her  lyff. 
He  seth,  bothe  by  hyl  and  vale, 
Thorough*  thylkii  hoolys  smale. 
By  what  weye  that  they  gon ; 
(Amongys  wyche,  thow  art  on,)  21568 

And,  to  deceyve  hem  in  her  weye. 
Her  he  maketh  me  sytte,  and  pleye 
Wit/t  soote  song  and  armonye, 

Alle  pylgrymes  to  espye.  21572 

Yt  behoueth.  the  taproche, 
Or  that  thow  go  ner  to  that  roche.'       [Tib,,  leaf  78,  back] 

The  Pylgryme  :  ^  \?  Tib.,  piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 

"  Expownci  fyrst-lyk  ^  my  desyr ;   [« ffirste  Tib.,  fyrst  lyke  st.] 
Wherfor  .serueth  the  smoky  ffyr  21576 

That  ysseth''  at  the  hoolys  OUte,  [' yssyth  Tib.,  yssuytlie  st.] 

In  thy  Ike  tour^  round  aboute  :  [nowreTib.] 

Wych  thyng,  fyrst  to  me  declare ; 
And  thanne  to  pleye,  I  shal  nat  spare."  21580 

H  Worldly  Gladnesse :  ^  [';:'«'i"'y  c- 1«  '»«w».  wordeiy 

•J  Gl.idiiesse  Tib.,  worldly  glad«es 

St.] 


The  Pilijrim. 


21556 


21560 


21564 


[*  Thorough  Tib.,  Thorgh  C, 
tlirwghe  St.] 


I  ask  him 

what  the 
Turning 
Tower 
meaug. 


IVorlclfi/ 
Oludness. 

[G-syll.  line] 
He  says  that 
Satan,  Ad- 
miral of  the 
Sea,  began 
this  tower. 


and  ever  lies 
in  wait  for 
pilgrims. 


He  bids  me 
play  sweet 
songs  to  de- 
ceive them. 


The  PUgrim. 


I  ask  him  to 
explain  the 
smoky  fire 
that  comes 
out  of  the 
holes  in  the 
Tower. 

[leaf  281] 


Worhlli/ 
Gladness. 


576  Satan's  fires  stir  ujj  Lust,&.  Love  of  Riches,  hut  all  perish. 


Wortdly 
Ghidiiemi. 

He  says, 
Satan  lias 
liere  his 
dwelling ; 


and  with  his 
file  lie  makes 
folk  amoruus. 


The  people 
who  burn  in 
bis  tire 


are  those 
who  heap  up 
riches. 


wliich  they 
trust  more 
tliau  God, 


'  Sathan,  devoyded  off  al  grace, 

Haveth  ther  hys  dwellyng  place. 

In  thylke  dyrkii  ffyr,  (nat  bryht,)      [Stowe,  leaf  347]  21583 

Ther  he  lyht,^  bothe  daye  and  nyht ;    [^  lythe  Tib.,  lyethe  St.] 

And  A-mong  the  smokys  blake, 

Ther  he  gan  hys  bed  to  make. 

And  wyth  that  ffyr  despytous, 

He  maketh  folkys  amerous;  21588 

[.4  double  Illumination  in  Tib.:  on  the  left  a  man 
Icissing  and  embracing  a  ivoman  ;  on  the  right  two 
men  'playing  at  diceJ] 
And  witlb  the  flawme  he  kan  enbrace, 
ffolkys  hertys  to  han  solace 
In  worldly  loye  (at  A  word) 
Mor  than  in  ther  sovereyn  lord.  21593 

'  The  folkys  wych,  in  ther  desyr, 
That  nyht  and  day  bre?me  in  thys  ffyr, 
Ar  thylke  ffolkys  (fynally) 

Wych  that  brenne  so  fervently,  21596 

AYorldly  goodys,  wha?i  they  be-gynne, 
To  encressyn  and  to  wynne, 
Gret  tresour  to  multeplye ; 

In  the  wych  they  nior  affye  21600 

Inwardly,  in  ther  entent, 
Than  in  the  lord,  that  al  hath  sent, 
fflowynge  and  ebbynge  in  thys  se, 
Soni  tyme  with  gret  prospejyte,  [Uowr  St.,  tourne  Tib.]  21604 
Somwhyle,  whan  the  tonrn^  doth  varye, 
The  world  they  fynde  to  hewi  contrarye ; 
Al  goth  to  wrak ;  they  may  nat  chese ; 


and  for  this 
purpose  ven 
ture  on  the 
sea  of  muta- 
bility. 


And  thogh  so  falle  that  they  lese, 
And  fynde  ffortune  in  nowncerteyn,^ 
Yet  they  wylle  hem  awntre^  ageyn 
To  sayllen  in-^  thys  perillous  see, 
So  ful  off  mutabylyte  ; 
ffor  the  hoote  smoky  ffyr 
'Nenere  quencheth,  in  her  desyr. 
rieaf28i,bk.]  And  by  his^  sleyhtys,  thus  Sathan, 
He  hath  deceyvyd  many  A  man. 
Let  now  se,  and  make  no  lape, 


21608 

[3  no  certayne  St.,  nown 
certeyiie  Tib.] 
[*  aventer  St.,  aventure 
hem  Tib.] 
[5  on  Tib.] 

21612 


[6  his  Tib.,  91.,  C.  huriifi 

[st.&c.]  21616 


Tlic  MeTinan  throivs  mc  into  tlic  Sea.     Yo^tth  rescues  me.    oil 


[^  flfedle  Tib.]    21628 


[5  to  om.  Tib.]    21631 


'  Wher  thow  hys  treynes  kanst^  eskape.'  "^[raynTst. ]'''"''' '"'" 

H  The  Pylgryme  :  ^        ["  Tib.,  Piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 
"  "Wyth-Outc  long  processe  to  make, 
Hys  tour  and  hym,  her  I  forsake ;  21620 

And,  (shortely  ^  to  Specefye,)  ["  schortely  Tib.,  shortly  C,  St.] 

Swychii  pleyes  I  defye, 

Wych  bryng  a  man  in  sorwe  and  shame. 

But  yiff  that  any  other  game  [Tib.,  leaf -9,  back]  21624 

Thow  kanst,  I  wyl  abyde  and  se 

The  maner,  how  yt  lyketh  me." 

And  thys  menstral  thaw  a-noon 
Maade  hys  ffythele^  for  to  gon, 
And  song  wyth-al  fful  lustyly. 
And  wyth  hys  syngyng,  sodeynly 
To  me  he  gan  to  -^  tourne  hys  tayl ; 
And  wyth  hys  pawnys,'^  sharp  as  A  nayl,  [stowe,  if.  .317,  bk.] 
By  the  Arm  he  gan  me  streyne  :  [« c,  st.,  pawmes  Tib.] 
Mawgre  my  myght  and  al  my  peyne, 

Horrybely '^  he  caste  me      ['  Horybely  Tib.,  Hon-yWy  C,  horyble  St.] 

Amyddes  off  the  grete  se,  21636 

[An  Illumination  follows  in  Tib.,  of  the  Pilgrim 
thrown  off  his  Island  into  the  sea;  the  Bird- 
Merman  platjing  his  own  fiddle,  and  Youth  (with 
wings)  emhracing  him. 

Among  the  wawes,  ffer  be  southe. 

And  naddii  ben^  that  tyme,  Youthe,     [*  ne  had  be  St.] 

(Off  wych  I  thouhte  no  thyng  tho, 

ffor  she  was  ffled,  off  yore  ago,) 

I  suppose  that  I  hadde  be 

Perysshed  Amyddys  off  the  se. 

But  Youthe  than,  in  hyr  Retour, 

"Was  to  myw  helpe  gret  socour  ; 

ffor  Youthe,  in  the  same  place, 

The  Meremayden  gan  enbrace, 

That  redy  was,  off  cruelte, 

Thyike  tyme  to  ha  stranglyd  me, 

And  don  to  me  gret  vyolence. 
But,  for  loye  off  the  presence 

Off  thys  Youthe  that  I  off  spak, 

I  eskapede  from  hyr  wrak,  21652 

PILGRIMAGE.  P  P 


21640 


21644 


[Tib.,  leaf  80] 


21648 


The  Pilarim. 


I  repudiate 
these  games, 
wliicli  bring 
a  man  to 
sliame. 


Tlie  Merman 
plays  his 
fiddle  and 
sings  J 


and  then 
seizes  me  and 
throws  me 
into  the  sea. 


I  should  have 
drownd,  had 
not  Youth 
saved  me,— 


who  embraces 
the  Merman, 


[leaf  282] 


578  /  swim  hack  to  my  Isle,  mid  lament  my  sad  case. 


The  Pilgrim. 


wliilel  swim 
biifk  to  my 
isle. 


Youth  re- 
joices with 
"tlie  Mernian, 

and  forsakes 
me. 


So  I  sit  down 
and  lament. 


How  shall  I 

escape  t" 


Five  enchant- 
resses (Scylla, 
Circe,  Siren, 
Charybdis 
and  Bylha- 
lassus)  have 
brought  me 
to  great  dis- 
tress, 

[leaf  282,  bk.] 


to  stay  long 
in  this  isle. 


21656 


21660 

[3  leste  Tib.,  lest  St.] 


21664 


21668 


And  hadde  myn  Arm  agey?i  at  large ; 

And  (wit/i-oute^  sliyp  or  barge,)      ['  w?t4out  Tib.,  st.] 

I  gan  swymme,  \v^t/^Inne  a  whyle, 

Ageyn  vn-to  that  same  yle 

ffro  tlie  wych  that  I  kam  ffro. 

Whan  the  meriimayde  was  go — 
I  mene,  thys  worldys  fals  solace, 
That  gan  so  sore  at  me  to  chace ; — 
But  lyst^  she  sholde  ha  take?i  me, 
I  swam  f ul  faste  amyd  the  se ; 
ffor  dred  off  hyre,  I  was  in  were. 
But  Youthe  and  she,  to-gydre  yfere, 
fful  gret  loye  they  gan  to  make  ; 
And  thus  hath  Yowthe  me  forsake ; 
ffor  than  I  loste  hyr  in  certeyn, 
That  she  to  me  kam  newer  ageyn. 
And  donn  I  sat,  flfor  werynesse, 
And  gan  co?>ipIeyne  in  gret  dystresse  : 

[Bla7iJc  in  AIS.  for  an  Illumination,  given  in  Tib.,  of 
the  Pilgrim  sitting  on  his  Island.] 
"  Alias,"  quod  I,  (myd  off  my  wo,)      [Tib.,  leaf  so,  back] 
"  Alias,  alias  !  what  shal  I  do  ?  21672 

How  shal  I,  wrechche,  eskape  a-way 
Out  off  thys  yle  1  weyllavay  ! 
ffor,  by  .v.^  Enchauwteresses,       [^  c,  St.,  ffor  ffyue  Tib.] 
I  am  brouht  in  gret  dystressys,  21676 

And  in  gret  pereyl,  douteles  : 
ffor  Scilla  ffyrst,  and  ek  Cyrces, 
Han  causyd  me  to  gon  A-mys  ; 

Syrenes,^  and  Karibdis,        [+Tib.,  cftKCHf,  sinnesst.]  21680 
And  Bythalassus,^  werst  of  alle,     [^  Tib.,  st.,  c.  bumti 
Ben  attonys  on  me  f alle ;         [stowe,  leaf  sis]  [st.  &  c] 
And,  mortally  me  to  be-guyle,  „ 

They  han  me  brouht  in-to  thys  He, 
Long  in  sorwe  to  soiourne, 
And  kan  non  other  wey  retourne. 
To  ffyndii  socour  in  thys  cas. 
I  may  wel  sorwe  and  seyn  alias  ! 
Out  off  my  wey,  in  nom^certeyn,^  [<=  nouncerteyn  Tib.] 
And  kan  no  mene  to  kome  Ageyn. 


21684 


21688 


I  pray  to  God,  and  a  SJiip  nears  me,  with  a  Dove  on  it.  579 


21700 


21704 


"Was  neuere  pylgrym  in  swycli  poynt,  21691 

Trewly ,  nor  in  swych  disioynt.^      ['  c,  Tib.,  suche  ioyut  St.] 

"  Now,  goodii  god,  off  thy  grete  grace, 
Be  my  socour  in  thys  i^lace  ! 
ffor  tliow,  for  my  savacl'oii?*, 

Art  the  pomel  off  my  bordou?*.  2169G 

To  the,  as  for  my-  cheff  cou?/ifort,       [nhexib., my  St.] 
In  thys  nede  I  ha  resort. 
To  brynge  me,  throgh  thy  gretii  myght, 
In-to  the  weye  I  may  go  ryht. 
And  ben  supportyd  (fer  and  ner) 
Wyth  that  charbou?jcle  bryht  and  cler, 
Wych  that,  wyth  hys  bemys  bryht, 
Yiveth  vn-to  my  bordou?i  lyht. 

"I^ow  parte^  wzt/i  me,  off  thy  clernesse,    p  pm-teu  st.] 
And  bryng  me  Out  off  my  dystresse, 
Out  off  thys  dedly  mortal  rage  !  [Tib.,  leaf  si] 

ffor,  syth  tynre  off  my  tendre  age,  21708 

My  trust,  and  my?i  affyau?ice, 
My  loye,  and  al  my  suffisau?ice, 
Al  hooly  hath  be?j  in  the, 

Ageyns  al  aduersyte,  21712 

In  euery  peyne  and  ech  labour, 
To  fynden  confort  and  socour. 

And  now  I*  stonde  in  so  gret  drede,    [♦  i  st.,  tiiat  c,  Tib.] 
Helpe  me  in  thys  grete  ^  nede  !  "       [^  gret  c,  St.,  greet  Tib  ] 

And  whyl  I  gan  me  thus  co?«pleyne,  21717 

Evene  A-myd  off  al  my  peyne, 
I  sawh,  A-myddys  off  the  se, 

A  shype^  saylle  towardys  me ;     [« siiype  st.,  shyp  c]  21720 
And  evene  above,  vp  on  the  mast 
(Wherfor  I  was  the  lasse  A-gast,) 
I  sawh  a  croos''  stonde,  (and  nat  flytte,) 
And  ther-vp-on,  A  dowe  sytte,  p  ciosse  Tib.,  crose  st.]  21724 
Whyt  as  any  mylk  or  snowh, 
Wheroff  I  hadde  loye  ynowh. 

\^An  Illumination  follows  in  Tib.,  of  a  Ship  loitli  its 
fore  and  hind  castles,  and  a  Dove  on  a  Cross  at 
the  top  of  the  mast.     The  Pilgrim  is  on  his  isle.] 
And  in  thys  shyp  (a-geyn  al  shours,) 


The  Pilgrim. 

No  pilgrim 
ever  was  in 
sucli  straits 
as  I  am. 
Good  God, 
help  me ! 


Thou  art  the 
poniel  of  mv 
staff. 


and  support- 
est  me  with 
the  carbuncle 
that  lights  it. 


Bring  me 
out  of  my 
distress ! 


[leaf  283] 


Then,  in  the 
midst  of  my 
trouble, 

a  ship  sails 
towards  me, 


with  a  cross 
and  a  white 
dove  on  its 
mast, 


580 


Grace  Dicu  comes  to  me  again,  out  of  the  Ship. 


The  Pilprhn. 


and  castles 
and  towers. 


I  forget  all 
my  sorrows. 


The  ship 
casts  aiiclior, 


and  Grace 
Dieu  de- 
scends from 
it. 
[leaf  283,  bk.] 


I  kneel,  and 
pray  her  to 
help  me. 


She  says  she 
has  sought 
me  long  on 
sea  and  land. 


[Tib.,  leaf  81,  back] 


21732 

[Stowe,  leaf  348,  back] 


and  asks 


Ther  wer  castellys,  and  ek  tours,  21728 

Wonder  dyvers  mansiouws, 

And  sondry  habytac^0U7^s, 

(By  resemblau?ice  and  semyng,) 

Lycli  tlie  loggyng  off  A  Kyng  : 

And  as  I  took  good  lied  tlier-at, 

Al  my  sorwes  I  for-gaat ; 

\_Blanli  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
JS'amly,  syttyng  on  A  roche,        Arystoteles  {later) 
Whan  I  sawh  the  shyp  aproche  21736 

Toward  the  lie  War^  I  abood,         [i  where  Tib.,  wher  St.] 

Wych  dyde  to  me  f ul  gret  good ; 

!Namly,  whan  yt  kam  so  faste, 

And  began  ther,  Anker  caste.  21740 

Out  off  Avych  ther  ys  descendyd, 
On,  that  myhte  nat  ben  amendyd, 
I  mene,  the  lady  off  most  vertu, 
Wych  was  callyd  Grace  Dieu.  21744 

[^Blanh  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination,  given  in  Tib.,  of 
Grace  Dieu,  come  out  of  the  Ship  {from  which  the 
Dove  has  gone)  on  to  the  Islaml,  and  the  Pilgrim 
Imeeling  to  her.     A  second  Illumination  of  like 
land,  is  07i  the  top  of  leaf  82.] 
And  ffyrst,  whan  that  I  dyde  hyr  se, 
I  ffyl  a-dou?i  vp-on  my  kne, 
Prayede-  hyr  helpen  in  thys  nede,      [=  i  prayed  Tib.] 
To  me  that  stood  in  so  gret  drede,  21748 

Out  off  thys  lie,  only  by  grace, 
To  helpyn  that  I  myhte  pace. 

[Grace  Dieu] : 
'  What  ys  al  thys  % '  A-noon  (\iiod  she  ; 
'  Whens  komestow  ?  wher  hastow  be  1 
fful  longe  (as  thow  shalt  vnderstond) 
I  ha  the  souht,  On  se  and  lond, 
God  woot,  in  ful  good  entent ; 
And  yt  wer  mor  co/jvenyent 
That  thow  sholdest,  affter  me 
Ha  souht,  wher  that  I  hadde  be. 
But  tel  me,  or  thow  go  asyde, 
Castestow/  her  for  tabyde,       ?  c,  Tib.,  cast  towe  st.]  21760 


[leaf  82,  Tib.] 

21752 


21756 


Grace  Dicu  bids  me  go  back  to  Bamc  Penance. 


581 


wlietlier  I 
liieaii  to  stop 
on  the  isle, 
[leaf  US!] 
The  Pihjrm. 


I  want  to 
leave  the 
island. 


Then  she  bids 


nie  enter  her 
ship, 


'  Or  to  restyn  any  whylc  Grace  meu. 

Wyth-Inne  thys  dredf ul  peryllous  yle  1 ' 

Pilgrim:^  [ist.,om.c.] 

"Certys,  I  stoonde  in  grete^  where  [^gretc,  St.,  greet  Tii).] 
Off  that  I  am  aryved  here  ;  21764 

I  whot^  nat  be  what  a  venture.       p  woot  Tib.,  wot  St.] 

And  trewely"^  I  yOW  ensure,    [*  trewely  Tib.,  trewly  C,  truly  st.j 

Tabyden  her  ys  no  plesau«ce, 

But  a-nooy,  and  gret  grevau?ico;  21768 

And  fayn  I  wolde  (wyth  al  my  myght) 

Kome  to  the  weye  that  goth  ryht ; 

And,   Out  off  thys  He  go,  [Tib.,  leaf  S2,  baoU] 

So  fful  off  sorvven^  and  off  wo."  [^sorowst.]  21772 

^  Grace  Dieu :  *^  v'^  Tib.,  st., »«  maruin  c] 

<  Thanne  I  caste,  for  thy  sake, 
In-to  my  shyp,  the  for  to  take, 
Only  off  mercy  and  pyte. 

Entre  in,  and  I  shal  lede  the  21776 

(Wyth-outen  any  mor  delay,) 
In-to  A  mor  surer  way  : 
That  lyne  ryht  shal  lede  the 

To  tlio  place  and  the  cyte  21780 

Wych  thow  hast  (wt't/i  herte  and  thoulit,) 
Long  tyme,  as  a  pylgrym,  souht.  [stowe,  leafsio] 

'  In  myd  Aveye  thow  must  abyde, 
And  nat  tourne  on  nouther  syde.  21784 

And,  redyly  thy-sylff  tavau?jce, 
Thow  shalt  fynde  dame  Penauwce, 

Whom  thow  lefftest  folyly  ;     U  wenteste  thaw  Tib.,  weiist  tow  St.] 

And  therfor  wentystow''^  wrongly  :  21788 

Wyth  hyre  thow  woldest  nat  soiourne ; 

But  thow  shalt  ageyn  retourne    [» hegg  Tib.,  heyghe  St.] 

Toward  the  heggh''^  off  liyr  plawntyng, 

And  seyen^  to  hyre  thy  felyng.'    [» seye Tib.,  seyn  c]  21792 

H    The    Pylgrym  :  ^^  ['"  Pilgrlm  Tib.,  st.,  om.  C.J  The  Pilgrim. 

"  Ma  dame,"  (luod  I,  '*  that  ys  my  wyl ; 

ft'or  (off  resou?i  and  off  skyl) 

Ech  pylgrym  sholde  (what  he  may,) 

Desyre  to  gon  the  shortest  way  ;  21796   [leaf  28i,bk.] 

Yt  wer  goodly  to  do  so. 


and  return 
to  Dame 
Penance. 


582    I  am  to  hatJie  in  a  Cistern,  fild  with  drops  from  an  Eye. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  thank 
Grace  Dieu, 


who  leads  me 
to  a  rock. 


with  an  Eye, 
out  of  which 
drops  like 
tears  run  to 


a  cistern 
near. 


In  this  I 
must  bathe 


before  I  enter 
her  ship. 


The  Pilorim. 
[leaf  285] 


Orare  Dii'ii. 

Tliis  rock  is 
formed  of 
liaril  liearts 
of  men. 


21804 

[1  theder  Tib.,  thethar  St.] 
[2  hard  C,  St.,  Tib.] 

21808 


[3  ta  St.,  to  a  Tib.] 


21812 


[*  Tib.,  St.,  om.  C] 


"  And,  for  the  co?^fort  that  ye  ha  do 

To  me,  off  mercy  mor  than  ryht, 

I  thanke  yow  wyth  al  my  myght,"  21800 

And  than  thys  lady,  off  hyr  grace,      [Tib.,  leaf  8»] 
Brouhtii  me  vn-to  a  place 
Wych,  syth  tyme  that  I  was  horn), 
I  hadde  neuere  seyn  to-forn  ; 
And  thyder^  she  made  me  to  gon 
To  a  roche  off  harde^  ston 
And,  At  an  eye,  ther  ran  oute 
Dropys  off  Avater  al  ahoute  : 
The  dropys  wer  (to  my  semyng) 
Lych  salte  terys  off  wepyng ; 
And  in-ta'  cisterne  ther  hesyde. 
The  dropys  go/me  for  to  glyde. 

^  Grace  Dieu  :  ^ 
*  ffyrst,'  quod  Grace  Dieu  to  me, 
'  In  thys  vessel  that  thow  dost  se, 
Wyth  water  off  the  harde  ston 

Thow  must  be  bathyd,  and  that  A-noon;  21816 

Wych  shal  helpe,  and  be  refuge 
To  hele  thy  wondys  large  and  huge ; 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination,  given  in  Tib.,  of 

tears  drojjpinr/,  from  an  Eye  in  a  hill,  into  an 

oblong    marble    bath,    Grace    Dieu,    icith    hands 

spread,  sp)eaki7ig  to  the  Pilgrim.'\ 

ffor  in  my  shyp  thow  entryst  nouht, 

Tyl  thy  womidys  be  clene  souht.'  21820 

H  The  Pylgrym  :  ^  l?  Tib.,  Piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 

"I  pray  yow  to*'  declare  me,  [Tib., leaf 8s, back] 

Thys  Eye,  Vfiih  dropys,  that  I  se;  [«  Madame  I  preye  you  Tib.] 

That  ^e  wolde  specefye 

What  thyng  that  yt  doth  sygnefye."  21824 

^  Grace  Dieu  answerith 
'  Thys  roche  (yiff  thow  wylt  wyt  A-non) 
Wych  ys  hard  as  any  ston, 
Ar  the  hertys,  in  ech  estaat, 

Off  folkys  wych  ben  Indurat  21828 

To  knowe  ther  errour  and  tlier  synne, 
In  wych  that  they  be  fallyn  Inne ; 


["  Tib.,  Grace  dieu  St., 
C.  in  margin} 


The  Second  Baptism  for  Sinners  like  Magdcden  &  Peter.     583 


'Tyl  I  SOm  whyle  lyst  to  Se  [Stowe,  leaf  319,  back]  Grace  Dieu. 

(Only  off  mercy  and  pvte,)  21832   These  iiearts 

rp  ;  W      '/  .Grace  Dieu 

lo  tourne  her  nerte,  hard  as  a  ston,  softens,  ana 

And  make  the^  water  out  to  gon,  [» there  Xlb.,  tlie  St.]  makes  their 

°  tears  run  out 

At  ther  eye  to  renne  doUJi^  [^adomiTib.]  oflheEyefor 

"  contrition. 

By  sorwe  and  by  contriciourj.  21836 

'The^  salte  terys  han  ther  her  cours  :     p  The  cm.  Tib.] 
Eyht  as  a  welle  hath  hys  sours 
Vpward,  vfith  water  (juyk  and  cler, 
And  renneth  m-ta**  gret  ryver,  [♦  in  ta  st.,  in  to  a  Tib.]  21840 
Eyht  so,  by  dystyllac'iou/* 
The  crystal  terys  descende  dou?«, 
Whan  folk^  for  ther  synnes  wepe.      [5  whanne  foike  Tib.] 

'And  swyche*^  dropys  I  do  kepe,  [« swycUe Tib., swych c] 
And  the  water  euerydel,  21845 

To  make  A  bath,  in  a  vessel, 
ffor  wondyd  folk  that  fele  peyne 

In  conscience,  and  sore  pleyne,  21848 

Tyl  they  for  elthe"  and  surete,  p  iieeitiie  Tib.] 

Wyth  thys  bath  y  wasshen  be  ; 
ffor  yt  recureth  eue/y  wonde,  [Tib.,  leaf  si] 

Callyd  'bapteme  the  secouiide,'  21852 

That  doth  a-way  al^  grevauwce,  [SaiieTib.] 

"VVyth  wych  water,  dame  Penau?ice 
]\Iaketh  a  lye  (I  the  ensure,) 

To  wasshen  a-way  al  ordure;  21856   [leaf 285. bk.] 

In  wychii  bathe ^  (in  ccrteyne) 
The  hooly  wo?nman  Mawdeleyne 
Ywasshen  was,  tak  hed  her-to. 

Thapostel  Peter  ek  also,  21860   and  st.  Peter; 

And  many  mo  tha?i  I  may  telle, 
Wer  ywasshen  in  thys  welle  ; 
And  so  shaltow,  by  red  off  me, 
YifF  thow  lyst  to  purgyd  be.'  21864 

H  The  Pylgryme  :  ^'^      ['"  Tib.,  piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 
"  Ma  dame,  (yiff  that  ye  lyst  to  se,) 
Thys  vessel  (as  semeth  vn-to  me,) 
Ys  nat  halff  fful;  and  TreAvelyii  [» trevv^jy  m.,  T.ewiy  c, 
Therfore  I  drede  fynally  '  21868 

That  I  may  nat  bathyd  be, 


[9  whiche  bathe  St., 
wych  bath  C,  Tib.] 


Thej'  make  a 
bath  in  tlic 
vessel,  for 
folk  with 
wounded  con- 
sciences to 
wash  in : 


and  this  is 
calld  the 
second 
Baptism, 


in  wliieh  the 
Magdalene 
was  cleansed, 


as  I  am  to  be. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  say  the 
vessel  is  only 
half  full. 


584   Grace  Dieu  smites  the  Bock,  and  Water  Jioivs  from  it. 


The  Pilgrim. 

Grace  Dien 

Euts  out  her 
and. 


The  white 
dove  brings 
ber  a  wand. 


like  the  rod 
of  Moses, 


[leaf  286] 


with  which 
Grace  Dieu 
smites  the 
rock, 


and  plenty 
(if  water 
gushes  out, 


[•  Tib.,  grace  dieu  St., 
om.  C] 


21872 
21875 

[2  a  Tib.,  St.,  om.  C] 
[3  anon  to  her  flyenge  St.] 


[5  smot  Tib.] 


"  But  yiff  ther  were  mor  plente." 
^  Grace  Dieu  Answerith  : 

Cluod  she  to  me  (as  in  substauwce), 
'  Thow  hast  off  water  suffysau?ice.' 

She  sayde  soth,  as  I  wel  ifond, 
And  putte  forth  A-noon  hyr  hond 
Toward  hyr  shyp  off  gret  delyt. 
And  tha?me  a-noon,  a^  dowe  whyt 
Retouruyd  ys  at  hyr  callyng, 
And  kam  to  hyre  A-noon  fleyng.^ 
In  hyr  heek  she  brouht  A  wond, 

"Wych  Grace  Dieu  took  in  hyr  hond ;  21880 

And  thamie  the  dowe  (in  certeyn)   [Tib.,  leaf  84,  back] 
ffley  vn-to  the  shyp  a-geyn.  [stowe,  leafsso] 

Thys  yerde  sempte  (douteles) 
Lyk*  to  the  yerde  off  Moyses,         [*c.,  st.,om.Tib.]  21884 
Wyth  wych  (the  byble  seyth  apert,) 
The  ston  he  smette,^  in  desert ; 
And  •with  the  water  that  out  ran, 
Off  Israel,  bothe  beste  and  man, 
Drank  ynowh  in  hAbondau«ce, 
Ther  was  so  huge  suffysau?ice. 

And  trewly,  as  to  niyw  entent, 
By  sygnes  that  wer  evydent, 
Wyth  the  same  yerde  a-noon, 
Grace  Dieu  smette^  on  the  ston. 
And  tha?me  the  roche,  Eowh  and  hard, 
(1  hadde  ther-to  fid  good  reward)  2189G 

At  an  eye  (yt  ys  no  doute) 
The  water  gan  to  ro?men  oute 
In-to  the  vessel  that  I  off  spak, 
That  off  plonto  ther  was  no  lak.  21900 

[Grace  Dieu]: 
Qwod  Grace  Dieu  A-noon  to  me, 
'  Now  thow  hast  ynowh  pleiite 
Off  water,  (I  dar  vndertake,) 
Suffysauntly  a  bath  to  make;  21904 

[BlanJi  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination,  (jiven  in  Tih., 
of  the  Pilgrim  in  a  i^quare  white  tjath,  filling  with 
the  droj)s  from  an  Eije  in  a  green  rocli,  tjy  vhich 


21888 


21892 


I  get  into  the  Bath,  hid  soon  get  out  again,  which  is  wrong.  585 


21908 


Grace  Dieu  stands,  with  a  loncj  tvand  in  her  right 
hand.^ 
•  And  mor  holsom  y t  ys  to  the,  [Tib.,  leaf  ss] 

Be-cause  the  water  (as  thow  mayst  se,) 
Ys  lewk  :  therfor  yt  ys  mor  hable, 
And  to  bathys  mor  cou?yjfortable.' 

[The  Pilgrim]: 

And  Grace  dieu  me  bad  A-noon, 
In-to  the  bath  I  sholde  gon. 
And  in  I  wente  A-noon,  by  grace, 
And  ther  a-bood  but  lytel  space ; 
ffor  (to  rehersyn  eue>ydel) 
The  bath  lykede  me  nat  ryht  wel : 
I  gan  feynte  on  eue?y  syde, 
Wlier-fore  I  myhte  nat  abyde 
In  that  bath  to  stonde  ^  stable  ; 
ffor,  I  was  nat  resemblable 
To  kyng  Davyd  in  my  bathyng 
Wych,  wyth  the  terys  off  hys  wepyng,  21920 

Wyssh  hys  bed-strawh^  eue?'yde],   \?  wysche . .  bedstraw  Tib.] 
Hys  bed  also,  (who  loke  wel). 

And^  off  the  bath  whan  I  was  go, 
Grace  Dieu  A-non  kam  to  : 

H  Now  Grace  Dieu  spekyth :  ^ 
(^uod  she,  '  wenystow  to  be 
Al  hool  off  thyw  infyrmyte, 
And  off  thyn  wondys  euerychon, 
That  so  sone  art  out  gon, 
Out  off  thys  ylke  holsom  welle. 
And  lyst  nat  ther^  no  lenger  dwelle? 

*  What  woldestow  ha  sayd  to  me, 
YifF  I  hadde  wrappyd  the, 
Nakyd,  cast  the  vp  and  dou« 
In  thornys  for  thy  savaczou7Z, 
Ther  ta  suffryd*^  sharp  prykyng  ; 
Or,  A-mong  netlys  fful  bytyng, 
Bak  and  brest,  and  ei;e?'y  syde  ; 
"VVhan  thow  myghtest  nat  abyde 
In  soffte  water,  by  suffrauTZce, 
Thy-sylff  in  Elthii''  to  avaujicel 


21912 


21916 

[1  C,  Tib.,  bathe  to  stond  St.] 

^  [Lavabo  per  slngulas  iioctes] 
Leetu)«  meum  :  lacrirais  meis 
stratujft  [meum]  rigabo 
[Psal.  vi.  7]  Tib.,  om.  C,  St. 


[3  out  Tib.,  St.] 

21924 

['  Tib.,  grace  dieu 
St.,  om.  C] 


21928 


[5  not  ther  in  Tib.] 


21932 


[Stowe,  leaf  350,  back] 


Grace  Dieu, 


lukewarm, 
and  nice  to 
bathe  in. 

The  Pilgrim. 


I  get  into  the 
bath. 


but  feel  faint, 

[leaf  286,  bk.] 
and  cannot 
long  stay. 


When  I'm 
out. 


Grace  Dieu 


reproves  me 

for  not  stop- 
ping in  the 
bath. 


What  should 
1  have  said 
to  her  if  she'd 
cast  me 
naked  into 
thorns 


[6  to  a  suffred  Tib., 
to  sofer  St.] 


21036    or  nettles 


[Tib.,  leaf  So,  back] 


[7  helthe  Tib.]    21910 


instead  of 
solt  water  ? 


586  Grace  Dicu  reproaches  me.  I  plead  for  pity ,  &  ivill  do  well. 


Grace  Dieu. 

How  can  I 

now  enter 
her  ship  with 
Dame  Pen- 
ance? 


The  Pitgrim. 

[Tiberius, 
A  vii,] 

[Tib.,  leaf  85, 

back] 
I  ask  for  pity 
and  mercy. 


I  promise 
that  I  will 
anieml  in 
her  ship. 


as  a  knight, 
when  wound- 
ed, acquires 
greater 
courage. 


Grace  Dieu 

says 

[Tib.,  leaf  86] 


I  ought 
rather  to 
sliow  some 
brave  deed 


'  Tel  vn-to  me  the  maner  how, 

What  wyse  thow  shalt  entre  now 

In-to  my  shyp,  wher  dame  Penau?ice 

Haueth  al  the  gouernau?jce,  21944 

Bothe  to  bynden  and  vnbynde  ? 

I  trowe  thow  wylt  abyde  behy?Kle, 

And  make  her-off  a  long  delay, 

And  I  shal  seylle  forth  on  my  way.'  21948 

IF  The  Pylgryme  :  ^       [}  Tib.,  piigrim  st.,  om.  c] 
"  Madame,"  tha«ne  a-noon  (]Uod  I, 
"  Haueth^  on^  me  pyte  and  mercy  !  [» Hath  Tib.,  imvythe  St.] 
With-in  3oure  schippe,  so  doth'*  provyde,    [♦dost.] 
By-hynde  that  I  not  abyde.  21952 

To  trowthe,  3eue^  je  lyste  entende,  [^yf  St.] 

With-in  30ure  schippe  I  schal  amende, 
And  redresse  also  (I-wys,) 

Alle  that  I  haue  don  amys.  21956 

^  Considerith  also  in  ^oure  syght. 
That  in  batayle,  a  manly  knyght, 
(By  exaumple,  as  it  is  ffounde) 

Whanne  he  hathe  kaught  eny*^  wounde,  219G0 

Not-withstondynge  his  langour,  [« hath  ons  cawht  a  st.] 
It  encresith  his  vygoor, 
Makith  hym,  off  cher  and  off  vysage. 
The  more  hardy'' off  corage,       [?  lurdy  st.,  hard  Tib.]  219G4 
Grete  emprysii  vndertake, 
ffor  drede  off  deth,  hem  not  fforsake." 

^  Grace  dieu  answerith :  ^  [» grace  dieu  st.] 

avod  grace  dieu  anoon  ryght, 
*  Byholde  and  se  a  noble  knyght,  21968 

Makynge  thyne  owne  chaumberer,^ 
To  here  thyne  armure  as^'^  a  sqvyer, 
Whiche  mayste  not  thy  silff  assure 
ffor  to  berne  hem,  nor  endure.  21972 

'  I  wolde  seen,  to-ffore  wytnesse, 
Som  knyghttely  deede  off  hygh  prowesse 
Accomplyschid,  thorough  thi  myght, 
To  here  recorde  thow  art  a  knyght,  21976 


[»  chaumher  Til)., 
charabertT  St.] 

[w  lyke  St.] 


but 


Many  leaves  are  here  missing  in  the  MS.  Cott.  Vit.,  c.  xiii.  ; 
the  missing  portion  is  supplied  from  MS.  Cott.  Tib.,  A  vii. 


Grace  Dicu  luarns  me  that  I  iimist  Jceej)  my  Promises.    587 


*  By  armes  preved  in  som  coste. 
Thow  art  no  thyng  but  wynde  and  boste, 
Byhotynge  myche,  wban  al  is  wrought, 
And  in  deedti  doste  ryght  nought.' 
H  The  Pylgryme: 

'  Adame,"  quod  I,  "  yt  is  no  ffayle, 
I  schal  amende  with  travayle ; 


21980 


M 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
Grace  l)ieu. 

than  pro- 
mises. 

The  Pilgrim. 

I  urge  that 
I  hope  to  do 


[Stowe,  leaf  351] 


21984 


21988 


21992 


And,  I  hope,  vexacyoun 

Schal  jeue  to  me  fful  hygh  renoun, 

To  conquere  som  excellence 

By  vse  and  longe  expe?yence. 

"  I  haue  pleynely,  in  the  see, 
NauiFragus  fful  long  I-be, 
And  suffred  (bothe  este  and  weste,) 
Many  ^  perel  and  greet  tempeste,  [>  many  a  St.] 

And  ^it  I  stonde  in  a  deluge. 
But  ^eue  I  haue  off  30U  reffuge, 
With-in  3oure  schippe  me  ffor  to  marke, 
As  K'oe  was  with-in  his  arke, 
I  may  not  (schortiily  to  telle,) 
Escape  out  off  this 2  ffloodesffelle."         pthesst.]  21996 

H  Grace  dieu  answerith:  [grace  dieu  st.] 

|E  wel  provyded  in  tlii  thought. 

That  thow  behotii  me  ryght  nought, 
3eue  thow  wolte^  my  thanke  disserue,      [^wyitst.] 
But  that  thow  wolte^  trewely  obserue  ;  22000 

ffor  bette  it  is,  not  vndertake, 
And  avowys  noon  to  make, 
Than  to  make  hem  by  assent, 

And  breke  hem  affter,  off  entent :  22004 

Swhiche  avowiis,  loue  I  nought. 
But  they  be  made  off  herte  and  thought. 
Wherffore,  with-out  eny  slouthe, 
Kepe  thyne  heeste  to  me,  off  trouthe.'  22008 

IT  The  Pylgryme: 

'yth  30ure  supportacyoun, 
It  is  myne  entencyoun, 
My  promysse,  bothe*  day  and  nyght,  [« bothe  om.  St.] 
To  kepe  yt,  as  I  haue  byhyght."  22012 

^1  Grace  dieu  answerith:  [grace aieu st.] 


B' 


W 


some  excel- 
ling acts ; 


and  that  I've 
been  ship- 
wreckt, 

and  gone 
through 
perils  and 
tempest, 
and  am  still 
in  a  deluge. 


Orace  Dieu. 

She  says 

[Tib.,  leaf  86, 
back] 


it  13  better 
not  to  make 
promises, 


and  break 
tliem  after- 
wards. 


I  must  keep 
mine. 


The  Pilgrim. 
I  assure  her 


I  will  keep 
them. 


588 


Grace  Dicu  takes  me  to  he?'  Shij)  'Religion! 


and  its  hoops 


come  apart. 
[Tib.,  leaf  87] 


I  ask  Grace 
Dieu  tlie 
name  of  tlie 
sliip. 


whoso  cap- 
tain I  blame, 


for  letting  its 
bonds  break. 


This  sliip  is 
*  Iteligion,' 


wliich  is 
bound  with 
circum- 
stances and 
observances. 


Young  folk 


neglect  the 
observances : 


THanne  Grace  dieu,  with  good  chere, 
Ladde  me  doun  to  the  revere ; 
And  there  we  han  a  schippe  I-ffonde. 
With  greete  bondis  it  was  bounde;  22016 

But  the  bondes  sat  not  cloos  ; 
The  moste  parte  off  hem  were  loos  ; 
The  smale  osyers,  here  and  ponder,  22019 

To-brakiji  thanne,  and  2  wente  asonder,  [' brake  st.,brak  Tib.] 

'  '  [*  and  than  bt.J 

The  hopes  about  the  vessel, 

Bycause  they  were  not  bounde  wel ; 

^it  the  hoopes  (it  is  no  nay) 

Were  stronge  I-nowgh  at  good  assay ;  22024 

Deff ante  in  hem  was  ffounde  noon  ; 

But,  ffor  the  osyers  nygh  echon 

Were  broke  ffyrste  (as  it  is  ffounde), 

Wherffore  the  hoopys  were  vnbounde.  22028 

*\  The  Pylgryme :  [» with  out  Tib.,  st.] 

"  1% /TAdame,"  quod  I,  "  with-oute^  blame, 

It  I       Off  30ure  schippe,  telle  me  the  name, 
And  who  that  scholde  it  wel  gouerne ; 
ffor  sothely,  as  I  kan  discerne, 
The  gouernour,  is  not  wys, 
(As  me  thynket*  in  myn  avys,) 
That  lyste  suffren  (off  ffolye) 
The  boondes  breke  so  reklesselye 
In  myddiis  off  the  perelous  see, 
In  Avhiche  there  is  no  surete." 

11  Grace  dieu  answerith: 
'  ri^His  schippe  (as  by  discripcyoun) 

I       I-callyd  ys  Relygyoun  ; 
Which  e  is  bounde  with  circumstauncis, 
And  ffret  with  dyuerse  obseruauucis. 
And  while  that  it  is  bounde  wel, 
It  may  perysche  neue^-adel ; 
But  3onge  ffolkes  neclygent, 
That  entre  this  schij)pe  off  entent, 
And,  thorough  ther  mys-gouernauncis, 
Ivepii  not  the  obseruauucis 
That  were  made  by  ffolkis  olde, 
Ifor  to  breke  hem  ben  fiul  bolde : 


22032 

[*  thynkythe  St.] 

22035 

[Stowe,  leaf  3.jl,  back] 


22010 


22014 


22018 


If  small  things  in  Religion  arc  neglected,  great  ones  will  be.  589 


22052 


22056 


220G0 


22064 


22068 


'  ffirste,  thosyerys  smale, 
Telle  off  hem  but  lytel  tale, 
Caste  hem  byhynden  at  her  bak, 
AVhere-thorwgh  the  schippe  goth  al  to  wrak  : 
Breke  the  smalti  circumstauncis, 
And  flfare-wel  the  greete  obseruauncis  ! 
ffor,  3eue  the  smale  comaundiimentis 
Be  not  kepte  in  ther  ententis, 
The  gToete  (in  conclusyoun) 
Gon  vn-to  destruccyoun. 
The  smale  (bothe  in  colde  and  heete,) 
Be  wardeynes  off  the  greete ; 
And  3eue  the  smale  sothely  ffayle, 
Aryght  this  schippe  ne  may  not  sayle. 
Breke  the  smale  here  and  3onder, 
And  the  greete  muste  goon  assonder. 
Thus  the  schippe  off  religyoun 
Gothe  offte  to  distruecyoun. 
So,  woldc  god,  ther  lyvynge 
"Were  lyke  now  ther  gynnynge, 
The  schippe  scholde  the  better  preve, 
Ageyne  al  tempeste  hym^-silffe  releve  :  ['them St.]  22072 
It  Avere  almesse,  by  the  roode. 
'  3it  I  hoope  som  are  gode, 
Swyche  as  to  holynesse  entende ; 
And  who  doth  not,  god  hym  amende  ! 
God  jeue  hem  grace  so  to  dresse 
The  maste^  vpward,  by  holynesse, 
And  that  they  may,  to  her  avayle. 
By  grace,  so  to  crosse  sayle. 
That  in  the  wynde  be  no  debat 
To  make  ther  passage  ffortunat ; 
That  redely  they  may,  and  blyue. 
At  the  hauene  vp  taryve, 
AVhere  loye  and  blysse  (who  kan  disserne) 
Is  endelesly,  and  lyffe  enterne. 
U  Now  cheese  ffreely,  affter  my  lawe. 
To  whiche  castel  thow  wolt  drawe  ;  [stowe,  leaf  352]  22088 
And  in  my  schippe,  they  ben  echon 
Bylte  fful  ffayre,  off  lyme  and  stoon. 


[2  The  mast  St. 
must  Tib.] 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
Grace  Dieu. 

then  the 
osiers  break, 
and  the  ship 
goes  to  pieces. 


If  small 
observances 
are  not  held, 
[Tib.,  leaf  87, 

back] 
the  larger  are 
destroyed. 


Thus  the  ship 
of  religion  is 
often  ruind. 


22076 

,  He 

22080 
22084 


still,  I  hope 
some  folk  are 


and  will  keep 
the  mast  up 
by  holiness, 


80  that  they 
may  get  to 
the  haven  of 
joy  and  bliss, 
and  eternal 
life. 


She  asks  me 
which  castle 
I'll  go  to. 


590     I  decide  to  enter  the  Cistercian  Castle  {Order  of  Monks). 


[Tiberius, 
Avii] 

Grace  Dieu. 


[Tib.,  leaf  88] 

I  may  choose 
the  house  of 
the  Cisterci- 
ans, Cluniacs, 
Carthusians, 


or  Friars 
Preacliers 
or  Minors, 
etc. 


All  stand  on 
firm  ground, 


and  are  safe 
against  the 
foe. 


Therefore  I 
ouglit  to 
choose  one 
and  enter. 


[Tib.,  leaf  88, 

back] 
as  tlie  sea  of 
tlie  World 
will  assail  me 
daily. 


I  choose 
the  castle  of 
Cystews,  the 
Cistercian 
order, 


'  And  sythen  thow  haueste  lyberte 
ffor  to  eutren  or  go  fFre, 
Cheese  amonge  these  towres  alle, 
At  whiche  gate  thow  wolte  calle. 
U  Ther '  ben  the  Cystews  ff astii  by  ;  [» her  st.] 

And  not  fful  ffer  is  eke  Clwny. 
Byholde  jonder  a  Chartrehous, 
2  An  ordur  that  is  full  vertuous.^        [2—' st.,  om.  Tib.; 
Thow  mayste  eke  sene  ffrere  Prechours, 
And  other  that  callyd  ben  Menours  ; 
Ordres  off  many  other  ^  guyse,  [s  a  nothar  St.; 

Mo  thanne  as  now  I  kan"*  devyse  :  [*  i  can  as  now  st.; 
Cheese  at  thyne  owne  volunte,  [}  wiit  st.; 

In  whiche  off  allii  thow  wolte^  be.  [Illustration.]  22104 
'    A    lie  they  stonde  in*' stable  grownd,      [«onst.: 
f\      To  kepe,  bothe  saaff  and  sownd, 
Body  and  soule,  (it  is  no  drede) 
Who  kepith  his  rule  in  verrey  deede. 
And  these  placis  agreable, 
Allii  they  ben  dyffensable 
Ageyne  the  ffende  and  alle  his  myght, 
That  man  assayleth  day  and  nyght 
In  this  mortal  trowbely  see, 
ffulffiUed  with  greet  aduersyte. 
And,  therffore,  3eue  thow  do  wel, 
Entre  anoon  in  som  castel. 
There  thow  mayste  (at  a  word) 
Kepe  the  within  schippiis  bord. 
This  wordely  see  (if^  is  no  ffayle)      [7  it  St.,  om.  Tib.; 
Eche  day  off  newe  the  schal  assayle ; 
Wherffore  I  councel  the  to  ffle, 
Whyle  thow  haste  myght  and  lyberte.' 

^  The  Pylgryme : 
"  11 /T  Adame,"  quod  I,  "whan  al  ys  sought, 

It  I      I  haue  chose  (off  herte  and  thought,)    22124 
Off  Cystews,  (in  eche  syde) 
In  that  castel  to  abyde, 
In-to  that  ffortresse  I  wole  gon." 

Grace  Dieu  :  '^  [« st.,  om.  Tib.] 

'Entre  my  schyppe,'  (juod  sche,  '  anoon.'  22128 


22092 


22096 


22100 

5.] 
;.] 

■■] 


-1 


22108 


22112 


2211G 


22120 


The  Porter  'Dread  of  God.'     The  King  is  in  the  Castle.     591 


And  affter  that,  sclie  lyste  not  dwelle, 
But  gan  hir  hanker  vp  to  pulle, 
And  in  the  see,  flforthe  bygan  to  sayle 
Towarde  the  castel,  ^eue  it  wolde  avayle,  22132 

Me  to  spede  on^  my  lorne.  [ivponst.] 

And  at  the  laste,  I  ffonde  a  large  entre ; 
But,  off  entente,  stylle  awhile  I  stood 
Sool  by  my  silffe,  and  at  the  gate  abood.  22136 

H  The  pylgryme: 
"  T^Orter,"  quod  I,  in  haste,  "  I  preye  the, 

JL      At  this  castel  graunte  me  entre, 
ffor  Grace  dieu  hathe  me  hyder  brought,  [stowe,  if.  S52,  bk.] 
Off  the  entre  that  I  ffayle  not."  22140 

IT  The  Porter  answerith: 

aVod  the  porter  anoon  to  me, 
'  3eue  I  knewe,  and  dyde  se 
That  the  kyng  wolde  it  avowe, 

Thyne  entre  I  scholde  alowe ;  22144 

But  the  wylle^  off  the  kyng  p  wui  is  St.] 

There-off  I  knowe  no  maner  thyng.' 

U  The  Pylgryme ; 
"  r  I  "^EUe  me  thanne,  lyke  myne  entent, 

_I_      Is  the  kyng  hym-silffe  present  1 " 

U  The  porter  answerith : 
'  rX^Euste  Avel,  as  thow  schalt  leere,  22149 

JL      I  wolde  not  ellis  sytten  heere  : 
It  is  a  sygne  (eerly  and  late,) 

Whanne  thow  seeste  me  at  the  gate,  22152 

To  telle  (by  good  avysement,) 
The  kyng  hym-silffe  ys  here  present.' 

^  The  Pylgryme:  [Illustration.] 

"  ri^Elle  me  thy  name,  off  gentillesse,  22155 

_L    With-outen^  eny  straungenesse."  [^  outen  st.,  out  xib.] 

^  The  Porter  answerith : 

Kd  I  sclial"^  telle  the  with-out  schame :  [*  i  shall  the  St.] 
Drede  off  god,  that  is  my  name ; 
AVhiche  is  ground  (with-out  offence) 
Off  wysdam  and  Sapyence.  22160 

I  voyde  synne,  and  vyces  chace, 
That  noon^  may  entree  in  this  place ;    [^  noon  st.,  men  Tib.] 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
Grace  Dieu, 

and  the  ship 
hoists  anclior, 
and  sails  to  it. 


I  go  to  the 
entry. 


The  Pi! grim. 

and  ask  ad- 
mittance of 
the  porter. 


The  Porter. 

who  s.iys  he 
must  first 
have  the 
King's 
permit. 


[Tib.,  Ie.af89] 


The  Pilprim. 


'K 


The  King  is 
in  the  castle. 


The  Pilrrrim. 


The  Porter. 

[Tib.,  leaf  89, 

back] 
The  Porter's 
name  is 
'  Dread  of 
God,' 

avoiding  sin, 
and  persecut- 
ing vice. 


592       The  Pm'tcr  lets  me  into  the  Castle.     I  see  its  Btoildings. 


[Tiberius, 
A  vii.] 

T/ie  Porter 


'  Nowther  ookle  nor  3onge  off  age 
Schal  have  heere^  noon  herbergage; 
ffor  this  stalfe  (jeue  thow  take  heede) 
With  the  greet  parloni^  of  leed, 
Is  I-callyd  (in  substaunce) 
'  Off  god  ahnyghtty,  the  vengaunce  ; ' 
And  there-with-al,  in  cruel  Avyse, 
AUe  synners  I  chastyse. 

'  And  with  this  ylke  sturdy  Maas, 
I  putte  hem  out  a  fful  greet  paas ; 
ffor  noon  swyche  (jeue  thow  lystii^  lere,' 
Ben  hardy  to  entre  here.' 
The  Pilgrim.      ^  Thc  Pylgryine : 

yre,"!  I  praye  the,  oonly  off  ^  grace, 


[UherSt.]    22164 


[2  plomer  St.] 


chastising ; 
sinners, 


of  whom 
none  enter, 


s 


Tlie  pilgrim's 
desire  is  to 
serve  the 
King. 
The  Porter. 


The  Pilgrim . 


[Tib.,  leaf  90] 


He  lets  me 
into  the 
Monastery, 


and  I  see  its 
ch)ister, 
chai)ler- 
house,  etc.. 


with  servitors 
serving. 


I 


I  may  entren  in  this  place  ; 
ffor  myne  entente  and  my  menynge 
Is  to  do  servyse  to  the  kyng." 

U  The  Porter  answerith : 
*^Eue  I  knewe  that  it^  were  soj 

'     With-outen  many  wordes  mo 
Thow  scholdeste  haue  graunte  off  me, 
To  entren  at  good  lyberte.' 

*\  The  Pylgryme : 

I^  other  wyse  neuere  a  del 

Wole  I  not  entren  in'^  this  castel, 
But  ffor  to  do  the  kyng  servyse." 

And  thanne,  in  fful  goodly  wyse, 
I  was  leten  in  off  the  porter : 
Hym  lyste  to  make  no  daunger. 
U  Aboute  I  wente,  byholdynge 
Vp-on  many  a  ryche  thynge  ; 
I  sawe  A  cloystre^and  A  dortour, 
A  chapytlehous*^  and  A  fir ey tour ; 
And  there-with-al,  a  ffayre  Hostrye, 
And  a  large  ffermerye ; 
And,  off  God,  thanke  to  dysserve, 
ff;iyre  meyne  I  sawgh  there  serve. 
And,  I  suppose  ffor  my  beste, 
There  to  herborewe  and  to  reste, 
On  thcr  cam,  and  preyed  me, 


221G8 


22172 

[3  none  . .  lyst  St.] 


[*  Syre,  om.  St.] 
[5  tliat  ofSt.] 

22176 


[«  it  St.,  om.  Tib.] 


22180 


[7  in  om.  St.] 

22185 


[Stowe,  leaf  353] 


22188 


[8  chapytle  lions  St.] 

22193 


22196 


Charity  greets  me.     I  meet  the  fair  Lady  Lesson. 


593 


And  lur  name  was  Charite.  22200 

yillusf  ration.^ 
rr^U  pylgrymes,  in  goodly  wyse, 

I        Sche  dyde  nioste  trewely  the  servyse. 
With  chere  benygne,  and  glad  vysage, 
Sche  brought  hem  to  ther  herbergage ;  22204 

And  euere  sche  was  moste  ententyff, 
With-outen^  noyse  or  eny  stryli':       [' outen  St.,  out  Tib.] 
To  serue  pore  ffolkys  alle, 

That  ffor  helpe  to  hir  calle,  22208 

Sche  was  besy  euere  more. 
And  in  this  book,  not  goon  fful  jore, 
I  spake  off  hir,  dowteles, 

ffor  sche  heelde  the  wrytte  off  pees,  22212 

Whanne  Moyses,  the  byschop  cheeff, 
Gan  departe  the  releeff 
To  pilgrymes  (in  substaunce) 
To  jeuen  hem  ther  sustynaunce.  22216 

Ai^d-  thorough  the  cloystre,  thanne  anoon, 
By  the  waye  as  I  gan  goon,       [» and  om.  st.] 
Off  Aventure  in  my  repayre, 

I  mette  a  lady  Inly  ffayre,  22220 

Bothe  off  schappe  and  off  stature ; 
And  sche  bare  (I  30U  ensure) 
In  hir  hand,  a  smal  coffyn 

Whiche  was  made  off  parchemyn.  22224 

A  white  dowve  (it  is  no  dowte) 
AUe-way  sewyd  hir  abowte.  \_Illumination.^ 

U  The  Pylgryme ; 

ANd  as  I  lokyd  heere  and  ther, 
I  stood  in  a  manor  wher,  22228 

What  tokenes  it^  niyght  be,  [» tooknys  that  it  St.] 

The  thynges  tliat  I  dyde  se  ; 
Prayed  hir  in  goodly  wyse. 

That  sche  wolde  anoon  devyse  22232 

There-off  by  exposicyoun, 
A  cleer  sygnyffycacyoun. 

U  Lessoun  declarith ;  ^  [♦  deciarith,  om.  st.] 


[Tiberius, 
A  vii.  I 


Charity 
greets  ine. 


Slie  shows 
pilgrims  to 
their  lodging, 


[Tib.,  leaf  90, 

baik] 
and  is  busy- 
in  serving. 


See  p.  l;U, 
above,  where 
I  speak  (if  lier 
with  Moses. 


TRewely,'  quod  sche,  there  as  sche  stood, 
'  I  ne  thenke  no  thyng  but  good, 


Tliro'  the 
cloister 


I  meet  a  fair 
lady  (Le.>'Soii) 


with  a  small 

parchment 

box; 

and  a  white 
dove  follows 
lier. 


[Tib.,  leaf  91] 


I  ask  her 
what  tliese 
thini:s  mean. 


She  says  she 


PILGRIMiVGE. 


22236 
QQ 


594 


[Tiberius. 
A  vii.l 

Lad;/  L'-x.^uii, 

is  tlie  Siib- 
(•etlarei-  and 
I'ittaiicer, 
and  lieeds  the 
siml  with 
hi>l.V 
tlioiights. 


supplied  l)y 
the  Mercer 
and  CUiia- 
terer. 


to  whom  she 
tiikes  me. 


Tliis  lady's 
body  is 


rXib.,  loaf  91, 
"  back] 
clear  oil  one 
side, 

and  cloude<l 
on  the  other. 


I  ask  liev 
name  and 
statiou. 


Liuly  Lesson,  and  Lady  nafjiogra'phy,  descrihal. 

'  if  or  I  am  SOWCelerere  ^  C  sawcelerere  St.] 

Off  this  place,  and  Pytauncere, 
I  menystre  the  lyftJode 

To  the  sowle,  and  eke  the  ffoode  :      [stowe,  leaf. ■i.w,  back] 
The  herte  I  ffeede  (the  pawnclie  nought,)  22241 

"With  fful  many  an  hooly  thought. 
My  ffoode  is  soote  and  cherischynge. 
And  ryght  hoolsom  in  tasty nge  ;  22244 

Whiche  ffoode  is  delyuered  me 
By  on  whom  that-  thow  sclialt  se  ;        ['th.itom.  st,] 
ffor  sche  is  bothe  A  Mercer  ■' 

Off  tliis  place,  and  chcell'  Cloystrer.'  '    [Moysteic]  2224S 
H  The  Pylgryme : 

Lyke  the  desyre  whiche  that  I  liadde, 
To  that  lady  sche  me  ladde  ; 
"Wliiche  (schortely  to  speeetfye) 

Plente  hadde  off  Mercerye,  22252 

And  moste  delytaljle  off'  syght, 
Sche  haddu  Merours  ffeyre  and  bryght. 
l^.ut  this  lady  merveyllous 

Was  off'  schappe  suspecyous  ;  22256 

ffor  I  took  good  heede  ther-to  : 
Sche  depaityd  was  on'^  two  ;  P ""  St.] 

That  made  hir  body  to  devyde, 

Wonder  cleer  on  the  ryght  syde  ;  22260 

But  (as  I  aspyen  koude,) 
Hir  lyffte  was  schadewed  with  a  clowde.  [I/Jnminafidn.^ 

AXd  whanne  that  I  byheelde  the  guyse 
Off  alle  hir  ipieynte  marchaundy.se,  22264 

"Madame,"  (^uod  I,  "in  certeyn, 
AVonder  ffayne  I  wolde  beyn, 
Somwhat  off  ymre  thyngus  heere, 

3eue  so  were  ^e  wokU'  lere  22268 

To  me  (]>y  schorte  conclusioun,) 
^oiu'e  name  and  30\u'e  condicyoim." 
H  Agyographe : 


'  Mcrcier :  m.  A  good  I'cillor  or  ine.inn  llnbonlaslier  of 
small  waves  ;  a  trailesinaii  tliat  ivtailcs  all  iiianiii'i'  of  .small 
ware,  and  hath  iiu  better  tlieii  a  shed  or  booth  for  a  .shop.  IGll. 
Cotgi-ave  (1650^ 


Whj/  Hagiography  is  bright  on  one  side,  (lark  on  the  other.  505 


22272 


[I  full  St.,  om.  Tib.] 

22277 


D 


22284 


['  St.  repeut*  2—2  here: 
/ea/35S— t] 

22288 


'  T  Am,'  ([uod  sclie,  '  clieeff  noryce 

I       To  allii  ifolkes  tliat  ttleiiu  vyce. 
Xo  cloyster  is  wortlie  (who  looke  aboute) 
On  no  syde  whan  I  am  out. 
I  make  chiystvis  ffernie  and  stable, 
Wuiscliipe-full^  and  honowrable ; 
And  my  name  (jeue  thow  lyste  se,) 
Is  callyd  Agyographe, 
Whiche  is  to  seyne  (I  the  ensure,) 
Off  holy  wrytynge  the  scripture.  H  Sdncta  gcrip[tura]  22280 
And  at  ffeyres  and  at  ffeestis, 
I  reste  in  skynnes  oil  dede  bestis.' 

IT  The  Pylgryme: 

Eclarii  me,  and  doth  not  ffeyne, 
Why  be  ^e  i)artyd  thus  on  tweyne 
The  to  parte,  ^  wonder  tfayre  off  clieere, 
Lusty,  amyable,  and  cleere ;  - 
The  tother  party,'^  wonder  niyrk, 
Schrouded  with  a  cloudii  dyrk." 

U  Agyographe: 
*  T  Was  not,'  quod  sche,  '  sothe  to  say, 

I       Lyche  the,  borne  vp-on  a  day, 
But  by  processe  and  leyser, 
And  by  space  off  many  a  jer.  22292 

'  By  ooldii  tymii  (stylle  and  loude,) 
I  was  schadewed  with  a  cloude, 
And  fful  derkely  kepte  in  cloos, 

Tyl  tyme  that  the  sonne  aroos — •  22296 

I  mene,  the  tyme  that  was  to-fforn 
That  Cryst  ihiesu  lyste  to  be  born, — 
Thilke  tyme,  my  party  ryght, 

Off  a  cleer  skye  kaught  his  lyght ;  22300 

The  whiche  skye,  proffetys  scyde, 
Was  that  blessed  holy  mayde, 
Off'  lesse  bothe  braunche  and  fflour, 
That  bare  Ihesu,  oure  saviour.  22304: 

'  That  tyme,  with  his  streemes  clere, 
ffirste  my  bryghttenesse  dyde  appere  \ 
And  alle  derkenesse  to  termyne, 
Only  by  grace  whiche  is  devyne.  22308 


[Tiberius, 

Avu.] 

■lliigiogriiphji 

Slie  la  chief 
luiise  to  111! 
who  Hee  vice, 


and  lier  name 
is  Haujo- 
fjraiihy, 

[Tib.,  leaf  U2] 


the  vviitiii<j 
of  Scripture 

on  beasts' 
skins  or 
parchment. 

The  Pi'arim. 


She  has  one 
side  blight. 


and  the 
other  dark, 


Hugiogruphy 

because 
she  was  not 
Ixirii  on  one 
day. 


Her  dark 
siile  signifies 
the  time 
belore  Christ, 


lier  bright 
shie  the  time 
after  Him. 


[Tib.,  leaf  92, 
b;ukj 


596        Hagiog'i'aphijs  dark  Side,  and  the  Goods  she  has. 

[Tiberius,  '  But  the  party  off  my  vysage 

iia,,io,,raphii   Wliiclie  is  clowded  with  vmbrage, 
Her  (liuk  side  Off  cleemesse  scholde  haue  no  reporte, 

is  enlitfhtciKl      T^iiiiii- 

by  the  blight,   but  ^eue  he  hadut!  his  resoite  22312 

To  that  party,  by  vertu, 

Off  the  cleemesse  off  crist  i^sw. ; 

Where-off,^  lakkynge  dyscrescyoun,      [» wherfore  St.] 

Thow  madeste  a  lymytacyoun,  22316 

Affermynge  (by  a  maner  slouthc,) 

My  dyrkii'-  parte  wher  voyde  off  trouthe :      '^^/t'k'Tn!] 

I  mene  as  thus,  (in  sentement,) 
astiieoia       That  the  oolde  testament  22320 

Testament  is  nc      • 

expiainea  by     Were  derke  and  cloudv  off  his  sysht, 

the  New.  ,  -^  Jo      > 

3eue  that  it  ne  took  his  lyght 
(Claryffyed  by  entendliment) 

Off  the  newe  testament,  22324 

Whos  schynynge  (in  conclusyoun) 
Is  cause  off  oure  savacyoun.' 
^The  pprr^im.       IT  The  Pylgryme : 


I  ask  her  to       "    1  ^  XpOWnti  this  with-OUto  ^  glose,     [3  out  Tib.,  St.] 
explain  this,  "-^  "^  " 


aiuiriU'ive  Jjj     And  2e  schal  haue  the  ffyrstii  rose            22328 

ber  the  first  -"                                               "^ 

May  rose  I  i^i^^t  I  may  ffyndc  (yt  is  no  nay) 
In  the  moneth  of  ffreschiJ  may." 

HagioQi-nnhv  ^  Agyographe : 

She  says  siie  /^  Vod  sche,  '  jcuc  I  schal  the  telle, 

sells  oint-  ■      ■                         '      ^                                                  ' 


a 


raents,  \3C'     Mcrccrye  I  haue  to  selle,  22332 

In  boystes,  soote  oynementis, 
to  relieve        Tliere-witli  to  don  allegementis 

To  ffolkes  whiche  that'*  be  not  glade,     [♦  th.at .st., om. c] 
sick  folk.        But  discorded^  and  mallade,  [^  aiseomnted  st.]  2233G 

And  hurte  with  perturbacyoun,"    [stowe,  leaf  s.'-.i,  back] 

[Tib.,  leaf  9S]    Off  Many  trybulacyOUUS  :     [«  perturbaeions  St.,  pertuitacyoun  Tib.] 

knives,  I  haue  knyues,  phyllettys,  callys, 

At  ffeestes  to  hangen  vp  on  Avullys  ;  22340 

oombsfor        Komljiis  (mo  than  nyne  or  ten,) 

horse  ami 

"""1.  Bothe  ffor  horse  and  eke  ffor  men  ; 

aiui  mirrors     McTOurs  also,  large  and  brode. 

And,  ffor  the  syght,  wondtu-  gode ;  22344 

Off  hem  I  haue  ft'ul  greet  j^Jcute 

ffor  ffolke  that  hauen  volunte        [IJhwminfioii.] 


HagiograpUy's  3Iirrors.     One  mahcs  me  too  /air. 


toi 


B 


yhol Je  herwrsilffe  tlier-ynne,     ['  to  st.,  om.  Tib.] 
Wher  they  be  cltecne,  or  tfoule  of  synne. 


22349 


2'2352 


22356 


22360 


22363 

['  niylite  m«  St^  u>e 
inyght  Tib.] 


P  all  touniyd  St.] 


'  But,  som  ft'olke  hem-silffe  byholde 
ffor  to  hyde  her  ffylthes  o«lde, 
Wliiche  ther  bewete  dothe  apayre. 
And  somme  nierrours  sclicAven  ft'ayre,. 
By  apparence  off  bewte, 
Though  that  ther  be  no  bewte  : 
AUe  these  thynges  (who  takith  kep) 
I  haue  hem  towched  on  an  hep. 
3eue  here  be  aught  thtst  may  30U  pleese 
Take  it  at  thyne  owne  eese.' 

[The  Pilgrim:] 
H  In  these  thynges  ffreache  oM  delyte^ 
I  sawgh  there-in  fful  greet  proffyte, 
And  also  in  her  acqueyntaunce, 
Preyed  hir  to  haue  suffraunce, 
To  graunte  me  leyser,  and  good  ese, 
To  seen  Avhat  thyng  me  niyghtii^  pleese 
And,  by  good  inspeccyoun, 
Hadde  turned  aP  vp  so  doun,. 
3eue  eny  thyng  I  koude  espye 
Amonge  alle  hir  mercerye, 

Vp  and  down  I  dydii  se 
What  thyng  lyked  beste  to  me; 
But,  amonge  hir  thyngiis  alle, 
Vp-on  a  merour  1  was  ffalle, 
Whiche  schewyd  me,  in  hia  glas, 
More  fFayre  in  sothenesse  than  I  wa&. 
By  apparence  sodeynely 

The  merour  lyed  verily  :"*      [* sodeyueiy  Tib.,  veniy  St.]  22376 
I  knewe  it  wel  in  exystence 
And  by  oolde  experyence. 
Whan  the  trouthe  was  conceyved, 
I  wystii  wel  I  was  decey  ved  ;  22380 

To  hir  sayde,  (in  myne  avys,) 
That  to  hir  it  was  no  prys 
To  schewen  out  swyche  mercerye, 
Off  merours  to  make  men  to  prye.-  22384 

H  Agyographe  i 


22368 


22372 


597 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 

Ilngiooraphy 

Ur  sliow  folk 
wlietlier 
they're  pure 
or  sinful. 


I  may  take 
what  I  jilease 
of  lier  stuck. 

The  PiJgrim. 


[Tib.,  leaf  93, 
back] 


I  turn  lier 
tilings  upside 
Jowii, 


to  find  what 
pleases  ni» 
best. 

I  find  a  glass 
which  shows 
me  more  f.iir 
than  I  am ; 


and  I  find 
fault  with 
this. 


508  Hagiogra'phy' s  mirror  '  Adulatiort.' 

[Tiberius,  '  T  Scliowe  110  tliyii"   ill  sotlie,'  ((uod  sche 

Avii.]  I                                     ■'     °'                      '      ^ 

n„i,io„n,pk!/  X      '  But  as  it  is  in  veryte. 


siie  explains     I  wolc  liooldeii  my  liylieste, 

As  ffolkes  inakeii  me  requeste ;  22388 

ffor,  as  ifer  ifortlie  as  I  kan, 

I  wole  deceyue  no  maner  man  • 

The  deceytiis,  ffeytheffully  [stowe,  leiif  ass] 

I  wole  scliewe  hem  opunly.  22392 

that  mirrors     Mei'ours  tliev  hell  ill  niaiiv  wyse, 

nre  ol  ilil-  j        ,1       i 

ferent  kinds,     ^s  CrafEty  ffolkes  kan  devyse, 
[Tib.,  leaf 94]    Wliiche  scliewcii  dyuei'se  vysages 

And  many  wonderfful  ymages,  22396 

Whiche  to  declare,  I  wole  not  dwelle  : 

lieede  pe/'spectyff,  and  that  wole  telle, 

And  scheweii  out  the  varyaunce 

Off  dyuerse  ffacys,  hy  deiuonstraunce.'  22400 

Thepugnm.       f  xhc  Pylgiyme : 
Jhlve" """         A    ^""^^  ^^  '^  merour  that  I  ffonde, 

JIjL.    Whiche  tliat  I  heelde  in  myn  hande,^     [' bond  St.] 

I  preyed  hir,  Avith-oute-  schanie,  [^  out  Tib.,  St.] 

To  telle  me  there-off  the  name.  22404 

Hagiopraphy  %  AgyOgiaplie  '.  ^  [^  iigiograpliye  St.] 

"Yt  were  good  to  hye  and  lowe, 
That  allii  ffolkes  scholde  knowe, 
And  there-off  hadde  a  treAve  syght, 
lustely  what  this  merour  hyght,  22408 

That  ffolkes  (ffor  greet  lak  off  lyght) 
Were  not  deceyued  in  her  syght. 
ise.iM_'Adu-    fl^His  uierour  (by  descripcjMjun) 

X     Is  called  Adulacyoun :  22412 

Tliis  is  (withouten  eny  blame) 
Veryly  his  ryghte'*  name;  [* lygiit Tib., St.] 

Now,  flattery  ffor,  take  good  heede,  tliat  fflateryng' 

comes  Ironi  o  »     a 

'yi»g.  Is  eiigendred  off  lesyng :  22416 

.and  is  raid      Souime  calleii  hir  Placebo, 

liy  some, 

•jiiacebo,'        ffoj.  gche  kail  makeii  an  Eccho, 

because  she 

eiboes folk's     Auswere  euere  ageyn  tlie  same, 

wishes.  °   • 

Ijccause  that  he  wole  haue  no  blame,  22420 

Though  it  be  ageyiie  resoun, 
There  is  no  contradiccyoun, 


H 


This  JlatkriiKj  Mirror  lies,  and  deceives  folk.  591) 

'  li'or,  bothc  oft'  ncwe,  and  3010  agon,  [Tiberius, 

ttblkes  sothely  (mo  than  on)  224:24   u„,iim,i-<,ph,i 

Han  in  Adulacyoun  [Tib.,  lent  yi, 

Ifounde  ftul  greet  decepcyoun  : 

Lordes  (wliertfore  I  seye  '  alias  ! ') 

Han  be  dysseyued  in  this  caas,  22428 

And,  by  a<lvlacyoun  Atiuiatidn 

Iwis  hnmnlit 

Brought  to  ther  destruccyoun.  """ly  '" 

^  ''  destruction. 

11  flBlaterye  :  ^  [•  om.  st.  nnjioumphv  stm  *;)««*«.] 

'TTlOr  this  custom  hath  ftlaterye,  [Meyust.] 

1        To  seyne-  thus  by  losengerye —  22432 

Whanne  hym  lykyth  to  bygyle, 
ft'alsely  by  his  sotyl  while, — 
To  hem  that  be  moste  vycvous,  Tiie  vicious 

''    ''  '  are  toUl  tliey 

How  that  they  are  vertuous  ;  224.'36   aie  virtuous ; 

And  though  they  ben  to  vyces  thral, 

They  seyne  eke  they  be  lyberal, 

Though  they  be  streyte  and  ravynous, 

And  greete  nygardes  in  lier  hous.  22440 

They  callii  ffame  and  hygh  renoun, 

Kaveyne  and  Ifalse  extorcyoun. 

Though  they  be  ff ooles,  and  oil  no  prys,  f.">i.s  tiiat 

They  afferme  that  they  are  wys.  22444   wise. 

H  "Who  that  trustith  in  swyche  langage,  Hewim 

trusts  Hal- 
He  IS  a  fi'ool,  and  no  thyng  sage,       [Stowe,  leaf  355,  back]  lerersisa 

And  fi"olyly  spente  liis  labour, 

That  lokyth  in  any  swyche  merour  ;  22448 

And  namely,  wlianne  al  is  do. 

That  he  knowith  it  is  not  so. 

'  Eche  wyght  knowe  hym-syluen  kan, 
Eette  thanne  eny  other  man.  22452 

Leff,  off^  ftiaterye  the  sentence,  [» leve  of  st.] 

And  ^eue  to  trouthii  fful  credence  ; 
Thow  knoweste  bet  thi-silffe,  (off  ryght,) 
Thanne  doth  eny  other  wyght.  2245G 

51  '  Late^  lordes  (whanne  they  kan  espye,)  [Met  St.] 
Sette  asyde  alle  ftiaterye  !  [Tib.,  leaf  osj 

But  now,  alias,  it  stondyth  so, 
Thev  be  disseyutid  by  Eccho  ;  22460   Lords  are 

•^  J  J  J  deceived  by 

And  ther  sogetes,''  in  many  cost,       _        [^  sogets  St.]  Echo, 


600 


Flatterers  cause  hloodshed.     A  ivorscning  Mirror. 


[Tiberius, 
A  vii.  ] 

lIiKjionruphy 


and  wrong 
tlie  poor, 


because  flat- 
terers 


tell  tlieni  that 
poor  t(ilk§' 
goods  belong 
tu  them  of 
rigiit. 


This  causes 
rebellion 


[Tib.,  leaf  95, 
buck] 


and  blood- 
shed. 

AVherefore, 
taUe  this 
ottitr  mirror, 
and  look  in  it. 


The  Pilffrim. 


1  refuse  tlw 
minor. 


but  look  in 
anothei'. 


which  shows 
me  foul 


and  vicious. 


22464 


22468 


22472 


22476 


'  Ben  by  fflateryli  lost, 

And  put  in  greet  oppressyoun 

And  in  greet  tribulacyoun  ; 

I  mene,  by  swychu  as  be  stronge, 

To  pore  men  ffor  to  do  wronge, 

And  suppose,  thorough  ther  greet  myght, 

That  they  may  doon  it  off  ryght ; 

fflaterers  here  hem  so  on  hande, 

Whiche,  day  and  nyglit,  aboute  hem  stonde, 

And  fful  Ifalsely  hem  counsayle 

To  dispoylc  the  porayle  ; 

Seyn,''  tlie  good  is  herys  off  ryght;  [iseynest.] 

Whiche  causith,  in  the  peplys  syght, 

fful  greet  envye  and  greet  haterede, 

Whanne  they  be  pressed  with  greet  drede ; 

And  causith,  by  swyche  oppressynges, 

Greete  rwmours  and  rysynges. 

And,  som  while,  rebellyoun 

In  many  dyuerse  regyoun  ;       \Ilhimination.'\       22480 

ffor  lak  oonly  off  polosye  -  ['  poiecie  St.] 

Off  ffolke  aboue,  that  scholde  hem  guye ; 

Causith,  som  while,  schedynge  off  blood. 

Whei-ffore  this  meroure,  jeue  it  be  good,  22484 

Take  it  to  thi  pocessyoun, 

To  haue  there-in  Inspeccyoun.' 

f  The  Pylgryme: 

Adame,"  quod  I,  "  30W  not  displeese. 
This  myroure  schal  do  me  noon  eese  :    22488 
For,'''  wher-so  that  I  leese  or  wynne,       [3  for  st.,  o»i.  Tib.] 
I  wole  neuere  looke  there-Inne." 

But  ryght  anoon,  myne  happe  it  wa.s 
To  loken  in  another  glasse, 
In  the  whiche  (withouten  wene) 
I  sawe  my-sylff,  ffoule  and  vncleene. 
And  to  byholde,  ryght  hydous, 
Abhomynabel  and  vecyous, 
Thilke'*  merour  and  that  glas      [*  Thiikc  st..  That  Tib.] 
Schcwyd  to  me  what  I  was.  [Ilhwiiiiafioii.]  [siowe,  if.  st,G] 

WHerffore,  off  rancour  and  dysdeyn, 
The  same  merour  I  caste  agoyn,  22500 


M- 


22492 


22496 


The  Mirror  of  Conscience.  Lady  Lesson.  Holy  Scrix^iure.   GOl 


With-out  abood,^  in  liir  panere,  ['  abod  St.] 

ffrowarde  off  look,  and  eke  off  chere, 

And  gan  my  bak  awey  to  turne ; 

And  therftore  soore  I  gan  to  morne.  22504 

H  Agyographe : 
'^jVTOw  I  se  wel,  by  tliy^  contenaunce,  pthy  st., om. Tib.] 
J_^      And  also  by  thy  gouernaunce, 
Thow  haste  no  luste  to  loke  and  se 
In  this  merour  (yt  semyth  nie)  22508 

Callyd  '  tliG^  Merour  off  Concyence,'      p  the  om.  St.] 
Whiche  schewith  (by  trewe  experyence, 
With-out  Eccho  or  fflaterye, 

Or  eny  other  losengerye,)  22512 

Vn-to  a  man,  what  ymage 

He  bereth  aboiite,  or  what*  visage,      [*  what  om.  St.] 
The  portrature,  r3'ght  as  it  is, 
And  in  what  thyng  he  dothe  amys, 
And  how  he  schal  the  bette  entende, 
AUe  his  ffylthes  to  amende.' 

IT  Lessown  [the  Subcellarer]  : 

THanne  quod  the  southe-Celerer  :  ^ 
'  Towchynge  liir,  the  Mercer, 
It  is  to  hir,  displesaunce, 
That  thow  wolte  not  ban  aqueyntaunce 
With  hir,  whiche  sothely  myght  be 
fful  greet  proffyte  vn-to  the, 
In  what  thow  scholdeste  haue  ado. 

'  And  jeue  I  Avyste  thow  woldeste  so, 
I  wolde  maken  the  to  ben  able. 
Eche  day  to  sytten  at  hir  table ; 
With  hir  to  be  comensal, 
Off  Cheerte''  in  especyal. 
And''  (^eue  I  schal  the  trouthu  telle) 
In  howsholde  with  hir  I  dwelle, 
And  am  to  hir,  off  custom,  ner, 

'  And  the  name  off  this  Mercer 
I-callyd  is  'hooly  scripture,' 
Whiche  ffor  to  leren,  I  do  my  cure, 
In  a  vessyl  off  Parchemyn  : — 
Off  ffee,  I  calle  the  offyce  myn : — 


22516 


['  sowcelerer  St.] 

22520 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii, 

leaf '.Ml] 

■  The  Pilyrim. 

This  1  throw 
away. 

Hagiograpki/ 

tells  me  it  is 


the  Mirror  of 
Coiist'ience, 


which  shows 
a  mini  H8  lie 


and  how  he 
shtill  amend. 


Lady  Lesson. 


The  Sub- 
cellarer 


22524 


22528 

[6  cherlte  St.] 
[St.  &  Tib.]     U  for  St.] 

22532 


22536 


offers  to  fit 
me 


to  sit  at  table 
with  the  Mer- 
cer or  PedUir, 


[Tib.,  leaf  96, 
back]  , 


whose  name 
is  Holy  Scrip- 
ture, 


kept  in  parch- 
ment. 


G02    Tlie  Holy  (rlwst.s  grace  follows  Siady.    Two  more  Ladies. 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 

Liitlj/  Lerniu)!. 


Her  name  is 
'  LesHoii '  or 
'  Study.' 


If  I  will  know 
liL-r, 


Grace  of  Uie 

IhllV  GIlOHt 

sliall  follow 
me, 


and  she  will 
show  nie  ee- 
leatiul  secrets. 


[Tib.,  leaf  117] 
The  Pi/iirhii. 

Then  1  see 
two  more 
huiies, 
one  bearing 
cords, 

the  other  a 
tile  and  it 
targe. 

'  In  swyclie  a  ves.sel,  euery  coost,  2253U 

I  bere  it  that  they^  be  not  lost.   ['  itst. :  :-  2  Te.st,imruts,i,.a'M;.] 

Therto  I  do  my  dylygence, 

To  kepe  it  ffrom  alle  vyolence ; 

fEor  it  may  not  (as  thow  doste^  so,)         [»mayst!si.] 

In  noon  other  vessel  Ije, 

To  kepe  it  in  savacyoun  ; 

And  my  name  is  eke  'Lcssown,' 

And  *  Studye,'  amonge  these  clerk iis  alle, 

Whiche  off  bothe,  thow  lyste  me  calle. 

'And  ffirstii,  ^eue  thow  haue  plesaiiiice, 
With  me  to  hauen  aqueyntaunce, 
Thow  schalt  aqueyntj'd  ben  anoon 
With  these  ladyes  euery chon, 
Veri-eyly  at  thyne  ownii  lyst : 
In  my  byheste  hane  ffully  tryst, 
ffor  gracii  off  the  hooly  goo.st 
Schal  ffolewe  the  in  euery  coost, 
liyght  as  this  whytii  dowuii  doth, 
Ay  sueth  me,  and  that  is  soth, 
Whiche  schal  the  teche  and  tellen  al 
The  secreiis  celestyal. 
tfor,  sche  is  off  hevene  (Ifer  and  ner) 
The  verrcy  trewii  messager. 
Erly  at  morewe,  and  at  eve 
Estudyantys^  sche  kan  releve, 
To  3eue  hem  her  reffeccyoun 
By  myiie  ad-mynystracyoun.'  ^ 

Other  two  ladyes  I  sawe  also ; 
To  the  chapitre  that  wente  tho ;  22568 

Tlie  ton  off  hem,  bar  in  hir  hoiidis, 
Cordi'S  and  eke  strongLi  bondis  ;        \_IUainiiiation.^ 
rilHe  thother  (in  the  same  while) 

1       In  hir  mouthe  sche  bare  a  ttyle  22572 

Endentyd  ;  the  teth  there-off  were  large  ; 
And  on  hir  breste,  a  iful  brood  targe. 
H  The  Pylgryme : 

ANd  or  they  ffurther  myghtti'  goon,   p  my;,'ht  Tib.,  st.] 
I  requyred  liem  anoon,  22576 

Te  telle  me  (by  good  avys,) 


22544 


22548 


2255G 

[Stowe,  leaf  .•{.">(;,  back] 


22560 


[3  estudiauncys  St.]    22564 


[*  adniyn  .  .  St.,  and 
inin  .  .  Til).] 


Lathj  Obedience,  tviik  her  Discipline  and  Pradence.  003 


(Tiberius, 
A  vii.  I 


liotliu  tlier  names  and  ther  ofiis. 

^  Obedyence : 
rr^He  lady  that  the  boondys  bar, 

I        To  me  seyde  (as  I  was  war),  22580 

'  I  am/  qiiod  sche,  '  (schortely  to  expresse). 
Of  this  hous  the^  cheeff  pryoresse,  ['  theow.st.] 

Nexte  Grace  Dieu  (in  substaunce,) 
I  haiie  here'-'  the  gouernaunce,    [» here  st.,  off lai- xib.]  22584 
(Bothe  byfforne  and  eke  byhynde.) 
And  with  tliese  boondiis  eke  I  bynde, 
(Wher-so  that  they  be  soure  or  swete,) 
Off  ffolkes  bothe  hand  and  ffete,  22588 

That  they,  in  no  wyse,  doore  .i.  audent  st.,  om.  Tib. 
Passen  by  noon  opene  doore  :  .i.  pe'-  hostium  St.,  om.  Tib. 
I  liolde  hem  in,  lyke  prisoners. 

And  off  look  and  eke  off  cherys  ;  22592 

And  my  name  (in  sentence) 
Call3'd  is  Obedyence. 

'  My  boondes  and  my  lygamentys 
Ben  dyuerse  comaundementys,  2259G 

To  liolden  in  subieccyonn 
ffolkes  off  relygyoun. 
H  And  off  my  ffylii  to  termyne, 

It  is  I-called  Dyscyplyne  :  22600 

And  tliat  I  (bothe  northo  and  south) 
Am  woiite  to  here  it  in  my  mouth, 
Betokeneth  reprehensyoun 

Off  ffolke,  ffor  her  transgressyoun,  22004 

There-with  I  scoure  in  euery  syde, 
That  ther  may  no  ruste  abyde,  [Illuminatiori.'] 

Nowther  ffylthe,  ffor  noon  offence. 

'  My  targe  callyd  ys  '  Prudence  : '  22608 

Euery  thyng  (I  the  ensure) 

to  gouerne  it  by  mesure.'  [Tib.  <!t  St.] 

51  And,  as  I  liadde  good  reward,  ,, 

I  sawgh  oon  in-to  the  ffreyterward  22G12   i  tiicu  see 

Goon  a  mesurable  paas,  [stowe,  leaf  357] 

Wonder  sobre  off  look  and  ffaas, 
And  no  thyng  dissolut  off  cher  :  anotber  bi<iy 

aniieil  witli 

Armyd  sche  was  With  a  gorger.  22616  a  gorier. 


The  hi.ly 
Willi  tbe 
bonds  is  tbe 

cbief  Prioress 
of  tlie  C'jii- 
vent, 

[Tib  ,  leaf  97, 
back] 


and  witli  her 
bolide  sbe 
binds  fufk. 


and  detiiins 
tbeni  induui'S. 


Her  name  is 
Ooedience. 


Her  bonds 
are  Coin- 
mandnienta 

to  keep 
Monks  and 
Nuna  in 
subjection. 
Tbe  file  is 
'  DiscipUue,' 


wbich  seonrs 
otr  tlie  rnst 
of  filthy  sins, 

[Tib.,  leaf  98] 

Tlie  targe  is 
'  Prudence.' 


The  Pifariin. 


604 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
Thf\  PHi/rim. 

wliom  I  askt 
to  tell  her 
name. 


and  explain 
tlie  coveril 
tiihles,  the 
folk  sitting 
at  tliem, 

anil  the  dead 
jieople  serv- 
iiii;  them. 


Abstinence. 

She  says  she 
is  the  Ke- 
fectorer,  who 
manatees  the 
Hefectory 
and  feeds 
the  folk. 


Her  name  is 
Alistinence. 
Her  Oorger 
i»  '  .Sobriety.' 


[Tib.,  leaf  98, 
back] 


The  dead 
wlio  serve 
at  table,  are 
the  Founders 
and  endowerg 
of  religious 
Louses, 


who  thus 
daily  feed 
monks  and 
nuns. 


Ladi/  Abstinence,  and  her  Gorger  'Sobriety! 

The  Pylgryme: 

Off  whom  I  gan  anoon  enquere. 
That  sche  wolde  goodly  Icore 
To  me  (by  schorte  conclusyoun) 

Hir  name  and  hir  condissyoun ;  22620 

And  off  the  tablys  cured  echon, 
And  there-ate  syttynge  many  on  ;  ^  ['a  one  St.] 

And  also,  as  I  dyde  obsenie, 

Noon  other  ifolke  at  mete  serve,  22624 

Eut  fiblkes  deede  euere  more, 
Where-off  I  w4s  abaschyd  sore. 

U  Abstynence : 
*  T  Am,'  quod  sche,  *  the  Freytourer 

X     Off  this  hous,  and  Boteler,  22628 

And  niynystre  the  sustenaunce 
To  ffolkes,  lyke  to  ther  plesauuce. 
I  kepe  hem  hool,  I  kepe  hem  cleene, 
By  a  mesurable  meene,  22632 

That,  surffet  be  not  to  blame. 

'  Abstynence,'  that  is  ray  name  ; 
And  my  gorger  that  thow  doste  se. 
Is  I-callyd  '  Sobrete,'  2  [>  sobriete  St.]  22636 

To  kepe  the  gorge  in^  sobrenesse,  Pby  st.] 

ffrora  sorffet,  and  al  excesse. 

Nd  these  ffolkes  that  ben  deede, 

Whiche  that  serue,  (jeue  thow  take  lieede,) 
Be  thilke  ffolkes  euerychon,  22641 

Whiche  that,  off  ^ore  agoon, 
To-fforne  her  deth,  off  holynessc 

And  off  verrey  parffytenesse,  22644 

Made  the  ffoundacyoun 
Off  ffolkys  off  relygyoun  ; 

Endowyd"*  hem  with  greet  substauncc,      [*enduydst.] 
Ther-by  to  haue  ther  sustynaunce.  22648 

U  And  ffor  that  skele  (as  I  devyse) 
They  donti^  eche  day  her  servyse,       [?  done  st.,  don  Tib.] 
And  ben  to  hem  eke  servy sable 
Whanne  they  sytten  at  the  table.  22652 

'  And  ageyncward,  sothc  to  seye, 
The  tuthcr  ll'or  hem  wake  and  praye, 


'A^ 


Tlic  ttro  ladies,  CJiastity  and   Williiif/  PovcTty. 


60i 


22656 


22659 


*  Bothe  by  day  and  eke  by  nyght, 
As  they  are  bounden,  off  dewe  ryght, 
To  ther  sowlis  to  don  socowre, 
And  afftirward  to  the  dortours.' 
[The  Pilgrim]: 

IWotci  not  wel  what  it  mente, 
I  sawgh  bow  tweyne^  ladyes  Avente  :     '-' t^.o'TibV 
The  on-  off  hem,  (as  I  was  war,)  [nonest.] 

In  liir  hand,  a  staif  sclie  bar ; 
The  tothcr,  save  a  gambesoun, 
Was  nakyd  (in  myne  inspeccyoun). 

And  sche  that  bare  the  staff,  anon 
ffro  bed  to  bed  sclie  is  agon 
Thorowgh-out  the  dortour  (by  and  by), 
And  made  the  beddiis  if  ul  clenly  ; 
And  with  clothis  cleene  and  Avhite 
Sche  spradde  hem  ouer,  by  delyte, 
That  no  thyng  ne  lay  a^  wronge.     paSt.,ora.  Tib.]    22671 

Sche  that  was  nakyd,  gan  a  songe,    \_Illuinination.'\ 

WHiche  (to  putte  in  reinenibraunce)  [stowe,  if.  357,  bk.j 
Was  pleynely  this,  as  in  substaunce  : 

H  The  ffyrste  verse  off  the  song : 
'  T  Schal  synge,  with  al  my  myght, 

I      And  so  I  howe,*  off  verrey  ryght.  22676 

I  am  nakyd,  as  3e  may  se  ;  [*o«.c,  ouaht:  have  St.] 

Ey  no  tliyng  men  may  holden  me ; 
Thowgh  they  me  pursue,  day  and  nyght. 
To  hold[e]  me  they  have  no  niyght.^  [.st.,  om.  Tib.]  22680 

H  The  secunde  verse : 


22664 


22668 


'A 


Smale  posterne  I  may  pace, 
And,  thorough  thykke  and  thynne  trace 


ffor,  thow  that  tfolkiis  dyde  her  peyne, 
They  may  off  me  no  thyng  restreyne,  22684 

Affter,  euere  thow''  they  chace.  [« tiiogiie  St.] 

H  The  thryde  verse: 

I  Am  '  Wylleffull  Pouerte  ; ' 
And,  off  myne  owne  volunte, 

'•'  Tlie  2nd  and  3id  verses  have  only  5  lines  eacli  ;  the  first 
ought  to  liave  the  same  ;  but  as  Stowc's  Gth  line  stops  the  line- 
numbering  getting  uneven,  I  put  it  in. 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.  ] 

•  Abstinence. 

In  return  for 
wliieli,  tlie 
latter  pray 
for  tlieir 
Founders' 
souls. 

The  Pilgrim. 

I  then  see 
two  more 
ladies, 
one  (C'lias- 
tity)  with  a 
Staff,  the 
otlier  Halved, 
except  her 
Ganibeson 
(a  sleeveless 
jacl<et). 


Tlie  first 
(ChaHtity) 
made  the 
beds,  and 
laid  wliite 
slieets  over 
them. 

[Tib.,  leaf  09] 

Tlie  n.iked 
one  sana 
this  song : 


Willing 
Voverti/. 


I  can  pass 
throiigli  a 
narrow  door. 


I  am  Willing 
Poverty. 
[Tib.,  leaf  99, 

back] 


GOG 


Willing  Poverty,  and  her  jacket  Patience. 


[Tiberius, 
A  vii.J 
I  si  eel) 
secuiely. 
No  tliief  can 
rob  me. 
The  Pifjfriin. 

I  <;o  to  the 
naked  laily. 


I'oveftii. 

She  says 
a;;ain,  sbe 
is 'Wilful 
Poverty,' 

and  lias 
given  up  all 
inoperty 

save  Iier 

.iaoket 

Patience, 


[Tib.,  If.  10(1] 
in  exrhange 
fur  celestud 
goods. 


The  Pilgrim. 

Her  povcriy 
is  ■  Volun- 
tary,' 

Povertij. 

because 
[lotbing 
avails  a  man 
except  what 
is  done  will- 
ingly. 


'See  next  a 
case  of 
involuntary 
poverty.' 


She  sliows 
me  an  old 
woman 
frowning  and 
sa.l. 


[Tib.,  If.  ion, 
back] 


'  I  (iespy,se  alle  rycliesse  ;  22688 

Slepe  ill  loye  and  sekyruesse, 

Nor  theves  may  not  robbe  me.'         \_IIluniiniitiun.'\ 

The  Pylgryme: 
rriO  liii',  that  so  nakyd  was, 

1        I  gan  to  hasten  a  greet  paas  ;  22692 

Bysoughtte  hir  that  sche  noMe  spare, 
Hir  name,  to  me  li'or  to  declare. 

If  Pouerte : 
'  1\/Fy  name,  ^eue  I  schal  telle  the, 

IVX     I  am  '  wylleft'ul  Poverte  ; '  22696 

ifor,'^  to  swyche  pouerte  I  liaue  me  take,    ['  om.  st.] 
And  the  world  I  haue  ffoisake, 
Rychesse  and  alle  pocessyoun, 

Save  oouly  this  Gambysoun,  22700 

Whiche  is  callyd  'Pacyeuce.' 
And  therffore,  with-out  offence, 
Iforsake  I  haue  tlie  Temperal 

ffor  goodes  that  ben  celestyall :  [Tib.  &  St.]  22704 

There  is  my  rychesse  and  gerdoun, 
My  tresowre  and  my  pocessyoun.' 

f  The  Pylgryme : 
"  T  Preyti  the  that  thow  not  tarye : 
1     Why  is  it  callyd  '  voluntarye  '  ]  "  22708 

H  Pouerte: 


rilPyste  tliis  (it  is  no  ffayle,) 


Tiler  may  no  thyng  a  man  avayle  ; 
(What  mailer  tliyiig  that  euere  it  be,) 
But  it  be  doon  off  volunte.  22712 

Kome  fforthe,  and  se  an  exanplayre-      [^exempiayre  st.] 
Off  povert<3  not  voluntarye.' 

And,  with-outc''  more  lettynge,         [^  out  Tib.,  St.] 
Sche  Schewyd  nie  oon,  ffelle  off  lokynge  :  22716 

Groyiiynge  sche  sat,  ilVownynge  and  sad  ; 
And  oil'  hir  cheere  sche  Avas  not  glad. 
*  Here  thow^  mayste  seen  pouerte       [niiow  st.,  o)«.Tib.] 
Whiche  is  no  thyug  off  volunte.  [Illiintiii'ifion.^  22720 
Thow  mayste  off  hir  '^aiion  enque.re,^     [^-s  st.,  rib. /oc;/.] 
And  the  trcuithe  sche  schal  the  leere. 

^  The  Pylgryme : 


How  Impatient  Poverty  plays  to'icks  to  get  money.  607 


T 


How  ooldc,"  quod  T,  "  so  ffoule  off  cheere,  [Tiberius, 

What  cause  haste  thow  to  abyden ^  heere  ^%'^'^^'  "^-  ■  T/,e  mimim 


A 


Amonge  this  ffayre  comimuye       [>  imstow  taWden  St.]  22725   lasktiieoici 
Off  ladyes  ?     I  trowe  thow  art  a  spye.  si.e  is  among 

Thow  owghttyest  not,  with  so  ffoule  a  fface,  la.iios." 

To^  abyden  in  so  ffeyre  a  place."  [axoom.st.]  22728 

H  POUerte    ImpaCVent  :  '^         [?  impacyent  Tib.,  om.  St.]  Impiitinit 

^       •'  Fwcrly. 

QVod  sche,  '  tlie  trowthij  flbr  to  kythe,  she^-^n^ 

Thow  haste  seyne  tful  offte  sylhe  viverty/ 

"With  lordes,  ladyes,  (it  is  no  doute,)         [st.  &Tii..]  YmAToften 

In  her*  chawnibres  rounde  abowte  ,,        22732  am"ildie»'''°' 

For  to  niaken  dyuerse  Tapes,       [*  tiiayr  st.]       ,,  looms, 

Foxes  rennen,  and  eke  apes,  ,,  foxes  and 

a])es  to  nialic 

Dysporte  and  pleye  on  euery  syde  :  f""  i^r  tiiem. 

And  semblably,  here  I^  abyde  ;  pi  here  St.]   2273G 

Where-off  tliow  schoklest  me  not"  repreve  ;  [«iiotmest.] 

ffor  vn-to  hem,  no  thyng  I  gieve ; 

It  dothe  hem  non  dysavauntage, 

ffor  to  my  silffe  is  the  damage.  22740 

Nd'^  jeue  men  me  callen  '  Pouerte,'     [' and,  o»t.  st.]        weii:  a.si 

take  iny 

And  I^  take  it  not  at  gree  [« i  om.st.]  poverty 

Thorough  myne  nowne^  Impacyence,     [Sownest.]   22743   impatiently 
My  grucchynge  doth  no  wight ^o  offence,  C'"  "" '^!f''V^''  ";>"    bl'iM|iy."" 

J   o  J     o  o  7     ovnwT\\).\Jrfjm  line 

(Who  so  takyth  heede  ther-to)  "'""-'"-^ 

But  to  my  silffe,  and  to  no  mo. 

Off  ffolkes  off  dyscressyoun,  discreet  folks 

hold  me  in 

I  am  had  in  derysyoun  ;  22748   densi.m 

■^    -^  '  like"  lords 

They  holde  off  me  but  a  lape,  'i"  *''«»"  "p*-'"- 

As  a  lord  dothe  off  his  ape.'  [Tib.,  ir.  joi] 

The  Pylgryme:  The  vu.irh,,. 
"  TTyt  semyth,  as^-  by  thy  resemblaunce  ["  as  om.  St.] 

JL_L     And  by  tliy  owgely  1^  contenaunce,  pownst.] 

By  lyfftynge  vp  off  thy  niosel,  22753  Yonr  lifting 

-  of  vour 

Ihat  thow  pleyest  the  ape  wel ;  muzzle  shows 

'■       ''  '■  that  you  play 

And  that  thow  art  the  comune  ape,  the  Ape  well, 

Afforc  ffolke  to  pleye  and  lape."  22756 

11  Pouerte  Impacyent : 

^'  I  nei!(l  hardly  say  in  an  E.  E.  Text  tliat  the  vulgar  error  of 
holding  that  '  like '  i.s  uot  a  conjunction,  is  due  to  ignorance. 
Like,  from  'like  as,'  is  a  conjunction;  Like,  from  'Hke  to  or 
Jinto,'i.sa  in-epositiou.  See  S.  Walker,  C'r if. n it i)h((kr.y).,  n.ll5-l2o. 


say 


008      /  leave  Imimtient  Poverty,  anil  go  to  Lady  Chastity. 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 
Impatient 
Poverty. 

Slie  answers: 
'  That  comes 
from  lack  of 
patience, 
wliieli  pouts 
my  lips, 

and  makes 
me  look  like 
an  ape. 


rilHat  is  thorough  myne  Impacyence, 


I  always  grin 
like  a  bitch ! ' 


The  PUffrim. 

Then  I  leave 
her,  and  no 
to  the  latiy 
who  made  the 
beds  in  the 
Dormitory. 


[Tib.,  If.  101, 
back] 


22760 

[I  hygh  Tib.,  high  St.] 


22764 


[»  decert  St.] 

22768 

[»  a  St.] 

22772 


She  is  Dame 
Chastity, 
Cliatelaine 
of  the  castle. 


She  is  well; 
arnid. 


has  maild 
t.'l()ve>i  to 
defend  the 
castle  and 


And  ffor  lak  off  pacyeuce, 
That  makyth  me  in  hertii  swelle, 
And,  with  grecte  wyndes  belle, 
That  dothe  my  lyppes  hyghii^  reyse, 
Whiche,  no  man  ne  schulde  preyse ; 
Ifor  it  makyth  a  demonstraunce 
Off  an  apys  contenaunce. 

'  I  love  no  maner  hesynes.se, 
But  oonly  slouthe  and  ydelnes,se. 

'  Ryghtffully,  thorough  my  dyssert,- 
I  may  ben  callyd  wel  '  Povert.' 
Off  good,  I  liaue  no  maner  tliyng, 
But  as  the^  bycche,  ay  groynyng, 
Wel  worse  sothely  than  I  seine  ; 
Off  euery  thyng,  the  worst  I  deme.' 

^  The  Pylgryme : 

A  Noon  I  laftto  hir  companye, 
And  gan  me  ffaste  ffor  to  liye 
To  hir  that,  with  hir  lokes  glade, 

In*  the  dortoure  beddes  made ;    [♦  in  St.,  But  in  Tib.]  22776 
And  curteysely  I  gan  hir  preye,  [st.  &.  Tib.] 

To  me  sclie  wolde  hir  namii  seye.       [stowe,  leaf  sss,  back] 
^  Dame  ^  chastyte :  ['  name  om.  st.] 

I  Am  callyd  by  my  name, 
The  ffeyre,  with-oute*'  spotte  or  blame,  [» out  Tib.,  St.] 
That  may,  in  no  place  endure  22781 

Where  that  ffylthe  is,  or  ordure. 
And  of  ffolkes  that  me  se,  p  of  st.,  om.  Tib.] 

I  am ^  callyd  Chastyte  ;  [^  They  caiie  Tib.]  22784 

Off  thys  castel,  chasteleyne, 

Whiche,  day  and  nyght,  I''  do  my  peyne      [^lom. St.] 
tfor  to  kepen  this  castel 

ffrom  schotte  off  Gonne  and  of^*^  quarel.  ['"of St., om. Tib.] 
And  therffore  I  am  armed  Avel,  22789 

Bette  thanne  in  yren  and^^  steel;  [»  Bet  than  yrcn  outher  St.] 
Nyght  and  day  is  my  laboure,  •       [st.  &  Tib.] 

For  to  dyffeude  i-  euery  toure,      ["  for  to  defenden  st.] 
Bothe^^  erly  and  also  late,  pst.,Tib.w«rd]  22793 

And  on  myne  handys,  I  haue  off  plate,   [IlIuiinnafio7i.] 


/  see  Lady  Prayer,  winging  her  nmy  to  the  Sky.  609 


A"i: 


Peyre^  gloueS,  ffor  dyffence,  [ipeyreofSt.]  [Tiberius, 

-callyd  '  Dowble  Coatynence,'  22796      chaftun. 


Myghty  venus  to  rechace,  stop  venns 

And  to  putte  hir  ffro  that  place,  [Tib.  &  St.]  [Tib.,  if.  102] 

That  sche  may  haue  noon  entre 

ffor  to  assavile^  chastvte,  [^  fortassaille  St.]    22800    from  assall- 

''  ■'  iiig  chastity. 

Whiche  schal,  as  a'^  conquerour,)        [3  a  St.,  o)«.  xib.j 
Kepe  and  deffende  the  dortour, 

*  To  alle  my  ffreendes,  I  wole  socoure, 
That  with  herte  me  honowre,  22804 

Hem  to  kepe  ffrom  vnclennesse, 
While  I  to  hem  am  cheeff  maystresse.' 

U  The  Pylgryme :  The  pugrim. 

fftir  this,  anoon  I  wente 


A' 


In-to  the  mynstre  (off  good  entente),         22808   in.f'e 


And,  asyde  castynge  my  syght, 

I  sawe  a  lady  ffayre  and  bry^ht,  i  »ee  a 

•'J  JO      f  winged  lady. 

Sad  off  contenaunce  and  off*  cheere  :      [*offo)«.st.]  siuiofcouu'- 

'  teuance. 

And  sche  bare,  lyke  a  messangere,  22812 

A  boyste ;  and  anon  ryght,  [G-aviiabie  une} 

Toward  the  heuene  sche  took  hir  fflj'^ght ;  who  flies 

ffor  (as  I  kowde  byholde  and  se,) 

Sche  was  whynged,  ffor  to  ffle.  22816 

ANd  trewely  (as  I  koude  espye,)  "C^'^hJ 

Sche  ffleye^  ffer  aboue  the  skye.    [Sflyshst.]  ^^y- 

And,  as  me  thoughte,  longe  and  large,      [st.  &Tib.]  [Tib.,  if.  102, 

°  '-'  back] 

Affor  hir  brest,  sche  bare  a  targe  ;  „       22820 

And  (schortely  as  I  kan  reherse)  „ 

The  sylve  heuene  sche  dyde  perse.  „  and  into 

And  I  thought  (in  sotheffastenesse)  „ 

Hir  laboure  and  hir  besynesse  „       22824  whose  imsi- 

"^  "  ness  IS  to 

"Was  ffor  to  maken  (in  certeyne)  """'"'  .'•''"'^ 

\  i7        /  men  rise 

Deede  men  to  ryse^  ageyne.  [My vest.]  "K'''"- 

And  I  gan  ffor  to  neyghe''  nere,       [' neygh  Tib.,  nyghe  st.] 

Preyed  hir  (off  herte  entere)  22828 

To  3eue  me  infformacyoun 

Off  name  and  of^  condyscyoun.    [s  and  of  St.,  and  Tib.] 
f  Prayere :  pmi/er. 

*  1%  yPy  name,  ^eue  thow  lyste  to  here,         [stowe,  leaf  .•!,■,(>]   Her  name  is 
lyL    I  am,  off  ffolke,  callyd  'Prayere';  22832 

PILGRIMAGE.  R  R 


'  Prayer.' 


(ilO  The  Dead  ivJio  wait  on  the  Monhs  are  Endowers  of  Orders. 


LTiberiuB, 
Avii.] 
Prayer. 


She  says  tliat 
these  dead 
folk 

[Tib.,  If.  103] 


are  good  men 
who,  while 
living,  gave 
of  their  alms 
to  sustain 
this  house, 


and  provide 
tlie  monks 
a  ciimpelent 
livelihood. 


that  they 
might  pray 
for  tliem. 


She  flies  to 
heaven 


to  present 
God  witli 
well-meant 
prayers. 


Her  Targe 
is  Fervent 
Continuation 
of  Prayer. 


'  And  lerne  off  me  that  (off  resoun,)         [st.&xib.] 

Eche  man  is  worthi  the  guerdoun  „ 

(Yf^  that  trouthc  be  obseraed,)  „ 

Lyke  as  he  hath  trewely  deserued.  „      22836 

And  eche  wyght,  ffor  his  good  dede,     ['Tib.  would  be' 3eue.'] 

Is  worthi  to  resseyue  his  mede, 

Lyke  his  meryte,  off  equyte, 

'  These  deede  ffolk  whiche  tliow  doste  se,  22840 

\IlJuminafion.     Pilgrim,  Angel,  and  two  dead  Men.] 
Ben  they  whiche,  euery  day  suynge,         [Tib.  &  St.] 
3euen  lyuelode  and  fost[e]rynge  „ 

To  lyvyuge  ffolkes  that  here-in  dwelle  : 
In  what  wyse,  I  schal  the  telle.  22844 

Whanne  they  alyue  were  heere  present, 
They  gaff  off  herte,  in^  good  en  tent,     [^andst.] 
Thorough  ther  parffyte  holynesse, 
In-to  this  hous  fful  greet  almesse  ;  22848 

And,  to  ther  sustentacyoun, 
They  made  the  ffoundacyoun 
Off  this  ylkij  same^  hoxis  ;  ['  same  like  st.] 

And  3aff  vnto  relygyous  22852 

Meete  and  drynke  (off  good  entent) 
And  lyuelode  competent ; 

Off  purpos  (sothii  ffor*  to  seye)  [* for ow. st.] 

Thdt  they  scholde  ffor  hem  preye,  22856 

And  so  they  don,  bothe  day  and  nyght, 
Off  consuetude  and  off  ryght. 

'  Wherffore,  callyd  I  am  '  Prayere,' 
Whiche  that  am  the  messagere  22860 

That  fflee^  to  heuene  with  whynges  lyght,       i^  fly  st.] 
ffer  aboue  the  sterres  bryght, 
To-ffore  the  lord,  to  presente 

Prayere  made  in  good  entente,  22864 

Lyche  as  these  ffolkes  haue  in  charge. 

'  And  the  name  eke  off  my  Targe, 
Is  Fervente  Contynuacyoun 
Off  preyere  by  devocyoun. 


F 


Or  there  nys®  halpeny  nor  fferthyng. 


22868 

[<■■  nys  St.,  is  Tib.] 


But  it  requerith  his  guerdownynj 
More  trewely  (^oue  it  be  toldc) 


Lady  Orison  takes  Prayers  to  Heaven,  and  will  guide  inc.  Gil 
'  Thanne  the  so??ime  a  thowsande  ffolde,  22872     [Tiberius, 

A  vii.] 

In  the  lyffe  that  is  eterne,  prai/er. 

Off  hyni  that  eche  thyng  kau  concerne, 

Eternally  lyvyng  in  glory.  [stowe  ms.,  leaf  359]  [Tib.,  if.  103, 

'  Prayer  abreggeth  purgatory,  [st.  &Tib.]  22876   pruyer 

And  alleggeth  (in  certeyne,)  „  Purgatory. 

Of  sowles  the  greete^  peyne,  [' greet xib., gret st.]  „ 
And  gyveth  to  hem  reniyssyoun.  „ 

Wher-ffore  I  am  callyd  '  Orysoun,'  „       22880   she  is' on- 

•f  -J  '  son,   ami 

That  do  off  ffolkes  the  message  ['^\^^  p™y«''^ 

o  to  heaven ; 

To  2  god,  by  fful  swyffte  passage.    P  to  st.,  And  to  Tib.] 
The  requestiis  I  kan  .speede,  22883 

Off  ffolke  that  preye  in  love  and  dreede,  [stowe,  leaf  359,  biv.] 
And  make  the  procuracyoun 
Off  Prayere  and  off  Orysoun. 

ANd  with  the  kyng  (take  heede  also, 
Who  hath  any  thyng  ado  22888 

To  expleyten  his  laboure) 

I  am  cheveste  procuratoure ;  [st.  &  Tib.] 

And  eiiere  my  supplycacyoun,  „  and  her  en- 

j         1  I    J         J  J  "  treaty  19  never 

Whanne^  it  is  grownded  on  resoun,  „      22892   refused  by 

o  '  "  God. 

It  is  never,  I  dar  devyse,  ['  whan  st.,  Euere  Tib.]  , , 
Not  refusyd,  in  no  wyse.  „ 

WHerffore,  by  the  reed  off  me,  22895 

^eue  thow  wolte'*  gon  to  that  Cyte,    [twiitst.] 
I  schal  the  schewe  the  ryghte''  way,       [^  ryght  Tib.,  St.]         she  says  she 

•'  °  ''  '  will  show  me 

And  the  passage  (it  is  no  nay)  tj'e  ^.^y  t" 

Gladdely  eke,  jeue  it  may  pleese. 

'And  also,  ffor  to  doon  the  eese,  22900 

I  schal  the  lene  a  mansyoun,  «",<•  lend  me 

''  '  a  house  there. 

To  make  thyne  habytacyoun  : 

It  sytte  wel,  bothe*'  to  hygh  and  lowe,      ["  bothe  ow.  st.] 

Thy  comynge  ther  afforne  be"  knowe;       [Uost.]  22904 

ffor  who  that  schal  haue  there  entre,  for  *•'«  ''pm- 

'  ingofall 

Knowe,  to-fforne,  it  muste  be  ;  !""^'  \ 

'  '  '  known  be- 

Nov  n6  man  may  haue  there  hostage,  torehand. 

But  I  to-fforne  do  his  message.  22908 

•  And  off  the  theeff ,  in  his  hangynge,  [Tib.  &  St.]  [Tib.,  if.  mi 

Whanne  he  henge  by  the  myghty  kynge       „ 
Crist  ihe.s'U,  vp-on  the  roode, 


612    Lady  Prayer  will  tahc  my  Message  to  the  Heavenly  City. 


[Tiberiug, 
Avii.] 
Prnypr. 


Even  of  the 
penitent  thief 
upon  the 
Cross,  she 
was  the  mes- 
senger to 
Heaven ; 


and  she  will 
do  my  mes- 
sage tor  me. 

The  Pilgrim. 


I  nccept  her 
offer. 


[Tib.,  If.  lOi, 
back] 


Tlien  I  see 
a  Lady  blow- 
ing a  born. 


[1 1  St.,  And  Tib.]    22916 


[2  To  make  St.] 


22920 


22924 

PPmeeffTib.] 
[♦  in  St.] 

22928 


'  That  deyed  tfor  oiire  alder  goode  ;  22912 

Off  whom  the  theeff  ffiil  humbely 

Axed  off  that  lord  mercy  ; 

The  same  tyme,  ffor  his  socoure, 

I^  wente  afforne  enbassatoure, 

And  trewely  dyde  his  message, 

And  made  2  redy  his  passage, 

That  he  myght  resseyued  be 

In  Paradys,  that  ffayre  contre. 

ANd  semblabely,  as  by  my  reed, 
By  this  exaumple  take  good  heed, 
That  tliow  b^  not  putte  in  blame, 
Thy-silffii,  ffor  to  do  the  scharae. 
Thow  haste  as  greet  neede,  at  a  preeff,^ 
I^  sothe,  as  hadde  the  seyde  theeff. 
And,  to  ffurther  thy  vyage, 
1  wole  my  silffe  don  thi  message.' 
IF  The  Pylgryme : 

ANd  thanne  anoon,  with  humble  cheere 
1  thankyd  tho  vnto  Preyere, 
And  seyde,  "  my  cause  to  amende, 
That  to-fforne  I  wolde  hir  sende, 
ffor  my  reffute  and  my  socoure, 
ffor  to  ben  my  procuratoure." 

Anoon  affter,  in  certeyne, 
Whanne  I  hadde  the  place  seyne. 
And,  by  cleer  inspeccyoun, 
Made  my  vysitacyoun, 

ANd  in  my  way  as  I  gan  go, 
Within  the  place  to  and  ffro, 
Of  aventure  me  by-fforn, 
I  sawgh  one  that  blewe  an  horn. 
And  made  a  noyse  wonder  lowde. 
And  (as  1  espyen  koude) 
In  organys  and  in  sawtrye  ,, 

She  made  a  wonder  melodye.  „ 

[Illumination:  the  Pilgrim,  with  a  WomaJi  at  an 
Orgaji,  blowing  a  coiv's  horn  ;  hei/ond,  a  table  ivith 
a  Harp  on  it.  One  large  and  five  small  wtJidows 
in  the  room.^ 


22932 


[Stowe,  leaf.WO]    22936 


[St.  &  Tib.]  22940 


22944 


The  Handmaid,  and  her  Horn  of  Call  on  God  for  Help.    CIS 


22948 


[1  Li»t-er-ia]    22952 


PservysSt.]    22956 
[3  ly  St.] 


[Tib.  &  St.] 


22960 


Wllom  I  by-sought,  off  hardynesse, 
To  me,  that  sche  wolde  expresse, 
(Off  hir  grace,  in  goodly  wyse,) 
Her  office,  and  her  servyse. 

II  Latrya :  [Xarpcia,  the  state  of  a  hired  workman.] 
'  /'~\ft"  this  place,  ffolkes  alle, 

\J    '  Latrya '  ^  they  me  calle. 
Myne  offyce  is  moste  in  wakynge, 
To  kepe  the  gate  aboute  the  kynge. 
I  wacche  thereon,  day  and  nyght, 
Do  my  tforse,-  and  eke  my  myght, 
ffor  to  lyne^  aye  in  awayt, 
That  tliere  be  tfounden  no  dysceyt. 
Nowther  behynde  nor  beforn  ; 
ffor  thanne  anoon  I  blowe  myn  horn 

'  AVho  lythe  to  longe,  I  make  hym  ryse ; 
Slogardes  allii,  !■*  chastise,  [♦aiiidost.] 

And  to  slouthe  I  do  greet  sorewe ; 
ffor,  bothe  at  eeue  and  eke  at  morew,  22964 

I  kepe  the  howriis  off  rysynge, 
To  do  worschipe  vnto^  the  kynge. 
AUii  ffolkes  vp  I  calle. 
That  no  slomber  on  hem  ffalle. 

'  Myne  home  is  Invocacyoun 
Off  Deus  in  adiutorium  : 
I  blowe  myn  horn  toward  mydnyght. 
To  reyse  vp  ffolkiis  anoon  ryght ; 
I  suffre  hem  not,  off  sleep  to  deye. 
Myne  orgones,  I  tempre  ffor  to  pleye. 
And  vp-on  hem  I  make  a  sown 

With-OUten  IntermySSyOWn.     sine  intermissione  orarc.    St.  om.  Tib. 

'  And  trewely,  alle  my  melodye  22977 

Is  in  songe  off  Persalmodye.^  [« and  psalmody  St.] 

And,  devoutely,  in  myne  ententis, 
I  calle  so  myne  Instrumentis ; 
ffor  thylke  kyng  that  is  most  stronge, 
Moste  hym  delytyth  in  swyche  songe ; 
To  hym  it'^  is  moste  pertynente, 
Whanne  it  is  songe  off  good  entente. 
In  cleunesse  and  in  purete.' 


[^  vnto  St.,  to  Tib.] 


22968 


22972 


22980 


['  it  om.  St.] 


2984 


[Tiberius, 

A  vii.J 
T/ie  Pi/ffrim. 

1  ask  what 
liei'  work  is. 


She  says  slie 
is  Latria, 
a  liaudmaid. 


She  keeps 
the  Kate  of 
the  C.istle 
day  and 
night. 


[Tib.,  If.  1(1,-,] 


makes  folk 
set  up, 
and  whips 
sluggards. 


Her  horn  is 
cald  Invoca- 
tion of  God 
to  help. 
She  blows 
it  at  mid- 
night, 


and  sings 
I'salmody, 
in  wliich 
the  King 
delights. 


614    Obedience  vxirns  me  of  the  Hardships  of  my  Jownicy, 


[Tiberius, 

Avii.] 
The  Pilyrhn, 

Then  I  see 
tlie  lady  who 
had  bonds  in 
her  hands. 


OhediPtiri'. 

Slie  is  Obedi- 
ence, 

[Tib.,  If.  105, 
back] 


and  asks  me 
if  1  come 
there  as  a 


And  while  that  Latrya  spak  to  me, 
I  sawgh  the  lady,  wliiche  in  ^  hir  handys    [•  lady  within  St.] 
Whiche  I  off  spak,  that  bar  the  bondys,^  [stowe,ieaf36o,bk.] 
Sad  and  demure  off  hir  vysage.  [» bands  st.]  22989 

To  me  sche  takyth  hir  passage : 

H  Obedyence : 
'  rfll'^lle  me,'  quod  sche,  '  on  euery  part  22991 

JL     Verely  what  that  thou  art,     [stowe  ms.,  Tib.  burnt'\ 
And  the  truthe  specifye,  „ 

Yf  thou  come  ought  as  espye  [st.  &  Tib.] 

Into  this  place,  to  or^  ffro,  [^  and  St.]         „ 

Or  thou  eny  ffurther  go.'  „       22996 


Th»  Pilgrim.       ^  The  Pylgtyme 


MAdan 
la 


I  U'U  her 
tliat  I  want 
to  go  to 
Jerusalem. 


iame,"  quotl  I,  "  haue  on  me  ruthe. 
am  no  spyii,  in  good  trouthe  ; 
My  pur  pes  is,  and  that  auoon,  [st.  &  Tib.] 

To  Jerusalem  ffor  to  goon. 
And,  the  weyr's  as  I  sought, 
Hedre  grace  dieu  me  brought 
Only  my  waye  ffor  tabrygge, 
And  to  eschewe  eche  other  brygge." 


23000 


23004 


Obedience.        %  Obedyeiice : 


[♦  latria  St.] 


She  says  the 
beds  and  pas- 
sage are  hard. 


The  PUprim. 

I  assnre  her 
that  I  don't 
mind  that. 


0))edienee 
then  binds 
me 


'  Tolde  she  the  not  (^eue  thow  haue  mynde,)  „ 

Here-in  that  thow  scholdest  ffynde  „ 

Beddiis  harde,  and  no  thyng  soffte. 

As  it  is  1-preved  offte  23008 

Off  ffolke  off  euery  maner  age  : 

And  heere  is  a  fful  hard  jjassage.' 

H  The  Pylgryme: 

Ow  harde  euere  that  it  be, 
Trewely  I  schal  it  take  at  gre ;  23012 

To  grace  dieu,  what  that  I  kan, 
Serue  hir  as  hir  trewc  man."  [st.  &  Tib.] 

IT  Obedyence :  ^  [^  latria  st.] 

'  Take  heder  thy  ffeet  and  thyne  hondes  ; '  "^     [st.  &  Tib.j 
I  shall  tliem  bothii  knett  in  bands.    [Stowe  ms.  952,  0301 6 

leat  iM,  baolij 

thow  shalt  ha  ges  [lyke]  a  faucon, 


H 


^  There  is  only  one  more  after  leaf  in  MS.  Cott.  Tib.  A.  vii,  and 
the  portion  of  the  poem  contained  on  that  leaf, — which  i.s  nearly 
illegible, — is  not  missing  in  Vit.  c.  xiii. — W.  Wood  (copiei). 


Obedience  hinds  mc  secure!//.  Envy,  &c.  get  into  the  Castle.   615 


23020 


23024 


'  only  of  eutenciomi, 
■without  eny  contrarionste, 
that  [tliou]  shalt  ylured  be.' 

Pilgrim : 
she  band  me  foot  and  hand  also, 
that  to  meve  to  ne  fro 
I  hadd  no  maner  lyberte  ; 
nor  my  tongii  was  not  fre 
for  to  speke,  but  by  lycence  ; 
nor  in  the  seller,  nor  in  the  spence, 
ete  nor  drynkii  on  no  syde, 

but  lycens  were  my  gyde.  [G->viiabie  ime]  23028 

And,  for  tacounte  the  terme  entier, 

the  space  of  XXXix^  yere  [i  nine  and  thirty] 

I  was  bound  of  volunte, 

to  obedience  (as  ye  may  se),  23032 

as  the  statuts,  fayn  and  well, 

bound  the  folk  of  that  castell. 

and  truly,  in  hert  nor  in  thought,    [stowe,  leafsei] 
my  bondiis- greuyd  me  ryght  nought;  [^  bonds  St.]  2303G 
but  (as  it  comythe  to  remembraunce) 
ther  befell  a  wondar  chaunce  : 
the  portar  happede  on  a  day 
to  ben  f  er  out  of  the  way ; 
the  kynge  was  absent  eke  also ; 
and,  in  absence  of  bothii  two, 
(and  the  gatii  was  vnshet,) 
ther  cam  in,  withoute^  let, 
a  thefe,  that  no  man  coude  espye, 
that  was  callyd  Falls  Envye  : 
hir  two  doughtars,  the  ton,  '  Treson ' 
called  /  the  tother,  '  Detraction ' : 
with  them  (by  gret  cruelte) 
Scilla,  a  monstre  of  the  se, 
and  her  hounds  hir  folowynge 
with  grete  noyse  and  gret  barkynge. 

and  this  meyne,  in  the  castell 
made  noyse  and  gret  revell : 
In  a  lenton  (who  lyst  se) 
they  made  the  ladyes  for  to  lie  23056 


23040 


p  witiiout  St.]  23044 


23048 


23052 


[Stowe  HS. 
952.1 


The  Pitgrim. 


foot  and 
hund ; 


for  39  years. 


My  bonds 
don't  trouble 
me. 


One  day  tlie 
Porter  of  the 
Castle  was 
out, 

tlie  King 
absent, 


and  the 

Castle-gate 

open. 

In  came 
False  Envy, 


Treason, 
Detraction, 


and  Seylla, 
with  hounds. 


and  drove  out 
the  Ladies. 


61 G    /  ride  the  1  torse,  Good  Rcnmvn,  away  from  Envy,  &c. 


[Stowe  us. 

952.] 

The  Pilgrim. 


Envy, 

Treason,  and 
Detraction 
sought  me. 


I  got  a  horse, 
to  escape 
from  them. 


Seylla, 


This  Horse 
was  Good 
Uenown, 

witli  the  four 
feet, 


1.  Void  of 
Delitine. 


out  of  thilke  holy  bou?Kles. 

and  Scilla  folowed  with  liir  hounds, 

gan  at  them  sore  enchace  ; 

and  Envy,  thrughe  all  the  place,  23060 

Avith  hir  doughters  (out  of  doute,) 

gan  to  seke  me  round  about. 

they  were  conspiryd  allii^  thre  [uust.] 

playnly  to  devoure  me,  23064 

only  by  conspiracion 

of  envie  and  detraccion. 

their  felowship  I  forsoke ; 
and  anon  an  horse  I  toke,  23068 

for  to  flyen,  wiih  all  my  myght, 
to  escape  out  of  hir  syght. 
and  truly,  for  no  maner  rape, 
theyr  treyniis^  I  myght  not  eskape.       [Ureynsst.]  23072 

(\uod  Scilla  then,  (of  gret  despyt,) 
'  he  wenythe  for  to  have  respit, 
and  by  his  horse  to  bene  socowryd, 
that  he  shall  nat  ben  devowryd 
of  vs  by  persecution.' 
'ye,  for  all  that,'  (\uod  Treason, 
'  as  it  is  [vn]to  vs  dwe, 
aftar  hym  we  shall  pursue, 
what  maner  of  horsse  myght  he  have,     [siowe.  leaf 
that  from  owr  daunger  shuld  hym  save  1 ' 

Scilla : 
(|?/ofZ  Scilla,  '  I  shall  well  telle, 
yf  ye  lyst  a  whilii  dwelle : 
this  horse  is  cawlyd  '  Good  Renowne,' 
whiche  hathe  (in  conclusyon) 
fowr  fette  hym  to  susteyne ; 

and  elliis'' (without  eny  wene)  [^eUsst.]  23088 

he  shuld  (to  his  confusion,) 
at  myschefFe  halten  even  a-downe, 
with  thre,  tweynii,  or  with  one, 

vpryght  he  shuld  nevar  gon,  23092 

but  stomble  aye,  and  gon  a-myse. 

'  the  firste*  fote  of  his  horse  is,  [*  first  St.] 

that  he  have  no  condicion 


23076 


23080 

361,  back] 


23084 


The  Feet  of  the  horse,  Good  Benoivn.  The  Serpent.  Envy.  (J  17 


'sownynge  to  dyffamacion,  23096 

this  is  to  seyne,  touchynge  shame, 
that  he  be  voyde  of  dyffame. 

*  The  second,  (to  his  advantage,) 
that  he  be  borne  out  of  servage  : 
this  to  meane,  that  he,  in  all, 
out  of  thraldome  be  lyberall. 

'  The  third,  (withouten  all  outrage,) 
to  be  borne  in  trwe  mariage. 

*  the  fourthe  is,  a  foot  full  good, 
of  nature  that  he  be  nat  wood, 
nor  that  he,  by  no  frolage, 
be  nat  fallen  into  rage. 

'  these  fowre  feet  (in  sotlmesse), 
of  truthe  all- way  here  witnesse  ; 
but  we  (by  conspiration?*) 
shall  maken  hyni  alryght  a-doune ; 
and,  shortly,  (to  owr  avayle), 
here-on  we  shall  haue  a  consayle.' 

and,  lyke  to  theyr  opynyon, 
fyrst  ther  spake  Detraction  : 
<lM.od  she,  '  I  can  a  noble  songe 
that  aye  resownythe  vnto  wronge, 
That  Dan  of  Irmidia  1^^'"'  ?""  ™'"''';'" "'  "'"}•  <"«>'=i>'tes  in  semita, 

mordens  uiiKulas  e(iui,  lit  cadat  asceiisor  ejus 

ffiat  coluber  in  via.  vetvo.-oenesi^  xUv.  i?.] 

'this  songe  I  wot  ryght  Avelle,'  i[iiod  she,  23121 

'  was  I-songen  first  for  me. 
to  vse  it,  I  am  nat  rekles, 
I  am  the  horned  Cerastes,^  (i  /cepoo-nj?,  aroMcs,  a  homed  serpent.] 


[Stowe  US. 
952.] 
Sciilla. 

The  feet  of 
the  horse 
'  Good  Re- 
nown.' 
2.  Free-born. 


3.  Legiti- 
mate. 


23100 


23104 


23108 


23112 


23116      Detraction 


whiche  evar  (as  ferforthe  as  I  may,) 
trace  ever  the  Avronge  way. 
and  covertly,  in  my  werkynge, 
I  vse  for  to  byte  and  stynge ; 
with  tethe  &  tonge  I  do  most  wrake, 
evar  behynden  at  the  bake. 
'  the  horse  of  hym,  in  difFame, 

[ no  blank  in  MS.^ 

so  priveily  I  shall  disceyve, 
that  he  shall  nat  apparceyve. 
I  shall  be  falshed  so  prevyd, 


23125 


23128 


23132 


[Stowe,  leaf  362J 


saya  she  is 
the  Horned 
Serpent  tliat 


bites  and 
stings  folk 
behind  their 
backs. 


and  she  will 
upset  my 
horse. 


018  Envy  wounds  mc.  Dogs  tear  inc.  My  lcgs&  arms  are  hroJccn. 


[Stowe  MS. 
962.] 

Detraction. 


The  Pilgrim. 


Detraction 
makes  my 
horse  fuU 


with  her 
Serpent- 
tungue. 

I  tuml)le 
down  among 
tlie  hounds. 


Envy  wounds 
me  with  S 
speurs, 


and  the  dogs 
tear  me. 


Treason  hits 
ine  on  the 
head  with  a 
club; 


and  breaks 
my  le;,'s  and 
arms. 


Then  they 
leave  me. 


[>  myghtSt.]    23148 


23152 


*  to  make  hym  halten  in  some  syde;  23136 
whiche  so  sore  shall  hym  greve, 

that  he  shall  not  mowe  releve.' 
*  Sothly,'  quod  tho  Treason, 

*  that  good  was  hir  oppinion.'  23140 

and  when  she  hadd  hir  tale  do, 
echon  they  accordyd  well  therto  ; 
the  houndiis^  stoden  at  abaye  ['hounds St.] 

and  gan  barke,  by  gret  affray.  23144 

and  at[te]  last,  Detraccion 
made  myn  hors  to  falle  a-doun, 
and  to  halten  in  swyche  wyse 
that  I  myghte  ^  nat  a-ryse  : 
withe  a  tonge  of  a  serpent 
myne  horse  and  I  were  bothii  shent ; 
And  doun  at  erthe,  in  gret  affray, 
amonge  the  houndes  ther  I  lay. 

and  aftar  (by  great  felonye) 
I  was  assaylyd  by  Envye ; 
and  with  thre  speres  sharpe  ground, 
she  gave  to  me  many  a  wound, 
and  of  Scilla,  the  cruell  hounds, 
gaue  me  many  mortall  wounds ; 
I  was  to-torne  with  ther  chas. 
and  than  cam  Treason  vfith  hir  mas, 
hevy  as  a  clobbe  of  leed, 
and  ther-of  set  nie  on  y*  hede ; 
lege  and  arme  she  brake  in  twayue, 
that  yet  I  fell  the  grete^  payne  p  gret  St.]  23164 

of  that  ylke  mortall  stryffe, 
and  shall  felle  it  all  my  lyffe. 

and  whill  I  lay  thus  in  a  traunce 
of  grete  anoye  and  grete  grevauncc, 
those  olde  *  vekkes  dispitious,  [♦  old  st.] 

[No  gajj  in  il/»S.] 
they  me  left  in  full  gret  drede, 
wenynge  that  I  had  be  dede. 
and  comfort,  truly  was  ther  none, 
for  all  my  fryndes^  were  gon  :  [MVyndsst.j 

in  prison,  lay  Charitc ; 


23156 


23160 


23168 


2317: 


/  make  myself  a  wooden  Leg,  and  anoint  my  Iruises. 


619 


Mercy  was  hound,  &  eke  Pitie, 

whiche  lykyd  me  notliyng  well. 

and  Scilla  cawsyd  everydell ; 

for  my  sorow  and  my  grevaunce 

was  to  her  full  gret  pleasaunce ; 

and  it  grevyd  hir  full  sore 

that  I  hadde^  harme  no  more ;  [stowe,  leaf  362,  bk.]  [> 

and  she  (of  indignation,) 

made  a  quarell  to  Treason, 

that  she  dyd  no  more  vengaunce, 

to  encrese  my  wofull  chaunce. 

wherfore  I  (in  myn  entent) 
I  axyd  a  ryghtfull  iugement, 
cast  my  gage  tofore  the  kynge, 
to  have  amende  of  all  this  thynge ; 
and,  for  this  great  transgression, 
I  made  a-pele  vppon  Treson  ; 
and  complaynynge  thus  my  wo, 
I  lay,  and  turnyd  to  and  fro, 
mayrayd  in  so  mortall  wyse 
that  I  myghte^  nat  aryse 
on  my  fete,  for  gret  destrese ; 
and  vpreard  my-selfe  to  drese. 

I  madii  me  a  leg  of  tre 
to  rysen  (yf  it  wold  ha  be) ; 
and  that  leg  (in  my  discese) 
dede  me  after  full  gret  ese ; 
for,  to  my  gret  confusion, 
lost  I  hadde-^  my  bordon  ; 
I  mist  not  where,  in  serteyn, 
tyll  Grace  Dieu  it  brought  ageyn, 
whiche  that  found  it  on  a  day 
at  the  turnynge  of  a  waye. 

and  in  thes  wofull  Auentures, 
as  I  anoynted  my  bresures, 
complaynynge  early  on  a  morow, 
as  I  lay,  and  made  sorowe, 
when  phebus,  with  his  hemes  bryght, 
gilt  the  hylles'*  with  his  lyght, 
to  chase  the  mystes  that  were  derke. 


23176 

23180 

MS.  had] 

23184 
23188 
23192 

[2myghtSt.]    23196 

23200 
[3  had  St.]  23204 


[Stowe  MS. 

952.) 
.  Tie  Pilurim. 


Scylla  is  de- 
li(»lited  at  my 
wounds, 


and  re- 
l)roaclies 
Treason  for 
not  having 
injured  me 
mure. 


I  acouse 
Treason 
before  tlie 
King, 


and  (the'  my 
arms  are 
broken) 
make  myself 
a  leg  of  wood. 


23208 


23212 


and  anoint 
my  wounds. 


At  morn. 


i*  hylls  St.] 


020      Ocid  comes,  and  pities  me.     He'll  curse  my  harmers. 


[Stowe  MS. 
962.] 

The  Pilgrim. 

old  Ovid 
comes  to  me. 


pities  me. 


The  Pilgrim. 


says  he  loves 
me, 


23216 


[Stowe,  leaf  363]    23220 


and  will  curse 
my  iiijuiers. 


The  Pilgrim. 


[I  myght  St.] 


to  me  there  come  a  full  old  clerke, 
whom,  sythe  tyme  that  I  was  bore, 
I  had  nevar  sene  tofore ; 
and  his  books  on  me  he  layd, 
and  euen  thus  to  me  he  sayd : 

Ouidius : 
qwod  he,  'of  true  affection, 
I  ha  gret  compassyon 
on  thy  sorowe  and  on  thy  doole, 
that  thow  liggest  here  all  soole 
in  grete  myscheffe  (as  semethe  me) 
wher-of  I  haue  full  gret  pyte.' 

Pilgrim : 
"  for  to  put  me  in  certeyne, 
I  pray  the  that  thou  woldest  seyn 
thy  name  openly  to  me, 
that  I  niyghte^  thanken  the." 
Ouidius : 

'  of  my  name  it  stondethe  thus ; 

I  am  callyd  Ovydius, 

whiche  loue  thee,  more  than  thou  canst  weue : 

here-aftar  it  shall  be  sene. 

and  yf  thow  haddyst,  her-to-forne, 

in  my  tyme,  in  sothe  be  borne, 

to  thy  consolation 

I  shold  haue  towght  theQ  a  lessonne, 

whiche  shuld  ha  be  to  thy  plesauuce, 

and  shuld  ha  made  thsG.  in  substauuce 

flull  sufflciauut,  in  many  a  thynge, 

bothe  in  doctryne  and  in  connynge. 

but  I  am  come  to  denounce 

a  sertayn  curse,  &  to  pronounce, 

on  alle-  thilke  the  sentence, 

whiche  vnto  the  ha  don  offence. 

whiche  sentence  (in  wordes^  fewe) 

to  the  in  latyn  I  shall  shewe, 

Terra  sihi  fruges  <^  cetera,  j  ' 
Pilgrim : 

whan  his  vers  weren  all  ysayd, 

vnto  liym  thus  1  abrayd  : 


23224 


>3228 


23232 


23236 


23240 


23244 


[2  all  St.] 


[3  words  St.] 


23248 


/  leave   Vengeance  to  God.     Acrostic  of  my  Name. 


021 


"  that  ye  (of  true  affection,) 

have  on  me  compassyon, 

on  my  doolie  and  on  my  smert. 

I  thanke  yow  with  all  myn  hert ;       [stowe,  leaf  ses,  back] 

hut  I  ha  no  devosyon 

In  cursynge  nor  in  malison ; 

I  shall  delay[e]n  all  cursynge, 

tyll  tyme  that  the  myghty  kynge, 

by  iugement,  eche  tkyng  shall  deme, 

as  vnto  hym  it  shall  biit  seme, 

of  ryghtwisenesse,  to  provide." 

and  in  this  wise,  the  clerke  Ovide 
went  his  way,  and  lefte^  me 
lyggynge  in  great  adversitie ; 
and  to  expresse  (in  complaynynge) 
my  grete^  sorow  by  writynge, 
I  will  myn  owne  name  shewe, 
sette  out  by  lettars  on  a  roAve 
at  the  gynnynge  of  this  ditie 
in  eche  ballad  as  ye  may  se, 
of  Frenche  and  Lattyn,  bothe  I-fere, 
ryght  anon  as  ye  shall  here, 
hauythe  me  excusyd  of  my  rudenesse, 
thowghe  I  to  you  my  name  expresse  : 


23252 


23256 


[Stowe  MS. 
952.] 

The  Pilgrim. 


I  tell  Ovid 
tliat  I'll  put; 
off  cui'sins 
till  God 
judges  at 
Doomsday. 


23260 


[1  left  St.] 


[2  great  St.] 


Ovid  goes; 


23264 


23268 


23272 


and  I,  De 

Guileville, 
will  tell  you 
my  iinme  by 
ail  Acrostic. 


[ACROSTIC  OF  GUILLAUME   DE   DEGUILVEVILLE'S  NAME: 
GUILLERMUS   DE   DEGUILEVILLA.] 


(1) 

Grato  niessium  tempore, 
r  Qu«nt  nature  sez  beaux  ^  fruiz  dore,'^ 
Et  prompta  sunt  in  liquore 
Ses  vins  qu'encore  pas  n'affore,  4 

Quo  folium  in  arbore 
Se  commence  a  deuenir  sore, 
Et  boreas  in  equore 
Si  n'est  pas  trop  nuj'sant  encore.         8 

(2) 

VIdi  scriptum  in  margine 
Ou  cestuy  escript  s'enracine, 
Mirandam  pulcritudine, 
Grace  dieu,  du  ciel  royne  digne,  12 


Me  vocantem  ex  nomine  : 

'  Vien  auaut,  et  si  t'acliemine 

Mecum,  quia  regimine 

Tu  as  mestier,  et  de  doctrine.'  16 

(3) 

ILla  me  duxit  prospere 
Eu  I'ung  des  chasteaulx  de  son  pere, 
Exhortando  summopere, 
Que  I'un  de  leans  ie  fusse  frere,  20 

Virginiqi«!  puerpere, 
Estoille  de  mar  pure  et  clere, 
Me  servum  vellem  tradere, 
En  la  faisant  ma  bonne  mere.  24 


^  beaux,  Petit  print,  om.  St. 

*  Stowe  ends  here.  The  rest  is  copied  from  Petit's  French  edition  of  Lc 
romant  dcs  trois  Pclerinaigcs.  Lc  2}>'cviier  pelcrinaige  est  de  I'hommc  durant 
qiCest  en  vie  .  .  .  ab.  1500.     Foeillet  .Ixxxiiij.  col.  2,  sign,  l.iiij. 


G22     Acrostic  of  my  Name:   Gnillcnnus  Dc  DeGuilccilla. 


(4) 

IEgis  audite  iiouelle, 
J  Plaisaiite  me  fut  la  nouuelle, 
Nam,  mel  mundi  mixtum  felle, 
Si  me  nuysoit  a  la  forcelle.  28 

Tunc  pellem  dedi  pro  pelle, 
Pour  seruir  a  ceste  pucelle, 
Puro  sperans  frui  melle, 
Pour  quoy  la  vie  se  renouuelle.  32 

(5) 

LOngo  cursu  pacifice 
Remains  ou  chastel  sans  malice, 
Vtilitati  publice 

Entendant,  selon  mon  office.  36 

Sparsim  apparent  rubrice 
^A  tout  chascun,  s'il  n'est  trop  nyce, 
Nam  factum  est  theatrice, 
Sans  quelconque  notable  vice.  40 

(6) 

EA  propter  prodiente 
D'une  caiierne  pestilente, 
Inuidia  furiente, 

Et  du  bien  de  I'autruy  dolente,  44 

Improuise  ac  repente, 
Scilla  la  lisse  puUulente, 
Proditione  presente, 
Sans  nul  delay  me  mist  en  vente.       48 

(7) 

RAbida  sic  orta  peste, 
De  corner  fist  tres  grant  moleste 
Cum  canibus  atqjic  reste ; 
Moy,  comme  vne  sauuaige  beste,        52 
Alba  circumtecta  veste, 
De  chasser  se  monstra  moult  preste ; 
Alta  echo  bosci  teste, 
Trop  me  fut  ceste  chace  agrestc.         56 

(8) 

ME  persequeus  indefesse, 
La  tres  cruelle  veneresse, 
Ac  violenter  me  subesse 
Fist  a  ses  chiens  hors  de  lesse,  60 

Sicqwo  clamare  necesse 
Bien  me  fut,  pour  yssir  de  presse, 
Sed,  si  potuit  prodesse, 
N'est  pas  bien  ceste  chose  expresse.   64 

(9) 

VAluisset  facta  pace, 
Se  trail ison  vne  autre  trace 
Non  intrasset  sine  face, 
Afin  qu'on  n'apperceust  la  face  ;         68 
Nam,  (luce  nicti(;orace, 
Par  le  coup  d'une  grosse  masse, 
Ostenso  vultu  fallace. 
Si  m'abatit  en  my  la  place.  72 


(10) 
Qlc  persequitur  pcruerse 
U  Tons  temps  /  et  assault  et  reuerse 
Viros,  sinderesis  terse, 
Faulse  trahison  la  peruerse ;  76 

Et  timendum,  si  sic  per  se, 
Au  dedans  du  chastel  conuerse, 
Me  per  hanc  ones  disperse 
Soient  par  maniere  bien  diuerse.         80 

(11) 

DEtraction  cum  murmure, 
Pour  luy  ayder,  tres  grande  cure 
Subministrant,  et  gutture, 
Par  le  dur  glaiue  qui  trop  dure ;         84 
Asseruntq?6c  de  iure, 
Que  faire  doyuent  grant  iniure 
Hominibus  vite  pure, 
'■'Que  le  susdit  chastel  enmure.  88 

(12) 

EXpertus  hoc  minis  dure, 
Soustiens  leur  griefue  forfaicture, 
Maxime  cum  nullo  rure ; 
Bestes  y  ait  de  tel  facture,  92 

Turpissime  sunt  figure, 
Et  sans  ouuraige  de  nature ; 
Vnde  earum  iacture 
Plus  griefues  me  sont  sans  mesure.     96 

(13) 

DE  quarum  turpitudine, 
Et  du  tout  mauuaise  conuine, 
Exaratur  in  margine, 
De  ceste  voye  ou  ie  chemine,  100 

Non  (]%wd  alie  pagine 
D'auctorite  saincte  et  diuine, 
Maiores  certitudine  103 

N'en  contienuent  niieulx  la  doctrine. 

(14) 

EArum  tormentum  graue, 
I  Plus  assez  que  cy  ne  I'agraue 
Sustinui  /  non  pro  caue 
Trahison  qui  les  maulx  encaue,         108 
Sepe  mihi  dicens  aue, 
Conibien  qu'elle  mo  fust  moult  haue. 
Me  prostrauit  ictu  claue, 
En  faisant  de  moy  son  espauc.  112 

(15) 

GPauiter  sic,  et  nocue, 
_ '  El  m'abatit  de  sa  massuc, 
Constat  ouibus  pascue. 
Que  bien  i'ay  ma  peine  perdue,         116 
Et  castrum  superuacue, 
Pour  auoir  la  teste  tondue, 
Intraui  nam  precipue ; 
Mon  esperance  y  est  ronipuo.  120 


'  Fo.  Ixxxiiij,  back. 


2  Leaf  84,  back,  col.  2. 


Acrostic  of  my  Name :   Guillermns  Be  DeGitilevilla.     623 


(16) 

\rT  seruirem  virge  iesse, 
lie  mist  grace  de  dieu  en  Iesse ; 
(^Mod  fnierer  magna  messe, 
M'acertena  par  grant  proinesse  ;        124 
Sed  video  nunc  exjjresse, 
Dont  grande  doleur  mon  cueur  presse, 
(^Mod  egredi  est  necesse, 
Et  ailleurs  celebrer  ma  messe.  128 

(17) 

ID,  si  seruato  ordine, 
Et  bonne  paix  a  marie  digne, 
De  qua,  cum  moderamine, 
A  elle  plaindre  ie  me  iine.  132 

Potuissem  pro  nemine 
Qui  en  cestuy  monde  chemine, 
Stetissem  tanto  turbine, 
Demourant  liors  de  discipline.  136 

(18) 

IEgatus  cell  curie 
J  ^  Pleust  a  saincte  vierge  marie, 
Quatinus  nunc  sunimarie, 
Et  de  plain  sans  point  farderie, 
Cognosceret  ex  serie, 
Se  ie  dy  voir  on  menterie, 
Et  quis  currentis  furie 
A  puniciou  demerie. 

(19) 

EX  hoc  iustiiicatiue, 
A  bon  aduis  tournant  I'estriue, 
Deus  auctoritatiue 

Osteroit  tout  ce  qui  estriue  ;  148 

Impediret  causatiue 
Sa  nef,  qu'Ji  bon  port  elle  n'arriue, 
Simul,  et  miseratiue 
Me  t'eroit  il  grace  hastiue.  152 

(20) 

YTinam  nutu  gratie, 
Gardienne  qu'est  de  ma  vie, 
Impetum  tante  furie, 
En  memoire  ie  n'eusse  mie ;  156 


140 


144 


Sed  defectus  iusticie, 

Qui  on  poulce  fut  endormie 

Im  cellula  memorie, 

Trestous  les  iours  Harou  i'en  crie.    160 


(21) 

ILlud  nesciens  nescire, 
A  dur  colier  mon  ame  tire, 
Presertim  cum  iimenire 
Je  ne  puisse,  ou  trouueray  mire, 
Qui  iam  velit  subuenire 
A  ma  playe  las  qui  s'empiro 
Ex  descensu  magne  ire, 
Dont  souuent  ie  ne  suis  pas  sire. 


164 


168 


(22) 

LVcis  creator  optime, 
Estre  vueillez  fort  anime 
Succurrendi  promptissime 
A  tel  grief  dont  suis  opprime  ! 
Et  sum  certus  iiriiiissime, 
Se  Iny  est  mon  fait  intime, 
Michi  succurret  proxime, 
Et  sera  mon  vieil  roil  lime. 

(23) 

IEgi  quodam  volumine, 
J  Quant  fait  est  bien  examine 
Justicie  libramine, 
Qui  a  tort,  est  tantost  mine ; 
Kt  iustus  not  redit  sine 
Honneur,  quant  Ie  plait  est  fine, 
Et  iudici  sine  fine 
Est  vray  salut  predestine. 

(24) 

ARbores  solis  et  lune, 
Se  m'eustient  dit  quant  ie  fuz  ne, 
Cui  casui  vel  fortune 
^Je  seroye  ioinct  et  adune,  188 

Non  dedissem  causam  prime 
Pour  ainsi  estre  destine, 
Nam  semper  me  traliens  fune, 
Grande  trahison  m'a  esgrune.*  192 


172 


176 


180 


184 


^  Fo.  Ixxxv. 

'  The  French  goes  on  : — 

OR  ai  ie  dit  que  vne  aduenture 
Au  chastel  ie  trouuay  moult  dure, 
Pour  Ie  portier  qui  ne  fut  pas 
A  la  porte  gardant  Ie  pas. 


-  Fo.  Ixxxv.,  col.  2. 

Que  cestes  vieilles  n'y  entrassent, 
Et  que  leurs  chiens  n'y  amenassent ; 
Mais  pour  ce  ne  doy  ie  pas  taire 
Ce  que  par  apres  i'en  vy  faire. 


This  French  edition  \va.s  'corrected'  by  a  Monk  of  DeGuilleville's  monastery, 
and  was  printed  in  or  about  1500  by  "  Maistre  Barthole  et  Jehan  petit"  (title, 
last  line),  and  "A  paris,  Au  soleil  d'or  /  en  la  maison  Maistre  bertliolde" 
(Fo.  j.  back,  col.  1),  as  the  "  Correcteur,"  P.  Virgin,  says. 

Prof.  Paul  Meyer  refers  me  to  three  other  Acrostics  by  DeGuileville  on  his 
own  name  :  1.  in  Lc  Pelrrinngr  de  I'Amc,  Roxburghe  Club,  1895,  p.  57-64,  in 
alternate  French  and  Latin  lines,  beginning 


024  The  King  comes  hack,  and  orders  the  Arrest  of  m.y  Foes. 


[Stowe  MS. 

952.] 
The  Pihjrim. 


Now  I've 
told  all  the 
harm  that 
Scylla,  Envy, 
and  Detrac- 
tion did  me. 


When  the 
king  came 
back 


I  told  him 
my  wrongs. 


The  King 
liad  procla- 
mation made 
for  my  foes' 
arrest. 


now  I  lia  told  myn  adventure 
of  all  that  evar  I  dyd  endure,  23276 

of  Scilla  and  her  houudes  fell, 
and  eke  (as  ye  ha  hard  me  tell) 
of  Envy  and  of  Treason, 

and  of  falce  Detraction.  23280 

how  they  ha  wrought  to  my  hyndrynge 
In  the  absens  of  the  kynge 
and  of  his  portar,  in  sertayne. 

But  when  they  were  come  home  agayne,  23284 

and  enteryd  in-to  the  castell, 
it  lyked  nie  ryght  wonder  well, 
a-non  I  went  to  his  presens, 

and  tolde  hym  of  the  gret  offens  23288 

■vvhiche  that  Scilla  \\iih  hir  hounds 
had  don  to  me  w/t/an  his  bounds, 
by  the  conspiracion 

of  Envy  and  [of]  Treason  :  23292 

my  wrong  I  dyd  specifye. 

the  kynge  a-non  let  make  a  crye, 
that  were-so-evar  they  myght  be 
found  in  towne  or  in  citie,  [stowe.ieafsci]  23296 


G' 


G' 


Cognoissant  pous  et  orine, 
Et  magistra  medicine  .  .  . 


I  race  Dieu,  du  ciel  royne, 
Semper  regnans  sine  fine, 

and  making  the  writer's  name  "Gnillermus  de  Gnillevilla"  as  above;  2.  in 
the  same  volume,  an  Acrostic  in  French  only,  in  three  separate  sections — 
the  third  in  but  a  few  MSS.— p.  348-53,  376-8  (see  note,  p.  356  there), 
having  the  gvAle  with  one  I  only:  "Guillermus  de  Guilevila";  this  begins, 
p.  348  :— 

racieuse  est  I'assemblee  I  Et  en  rien  n'est  descordable, 

Qui  n'est  onques  dessemblee,     |  Qui  en  .iii.  est  distincter  .  . 

3.  In  the  PUerinagc  Jhcsucrist,  Roxburghe  Club,  1897,  p.  119-130,  in  French 
only.     This  begins  : — 


(^  lorieus  Dieu,  dont  te  vint  il 
T  Qu'envoias  ci  aval  ton  fil, 
Et  que  peleriu  le  feis 


Bien  savoies,  qu'en  tel  courtil, 
N'avoit  pour  li  Jlay  ne  Avril, 
Et  son  soulas  point  n'i  veis. 


This  Acrostic  makes  the  name  "Guillermus  de  Deguilevilla "  ;  but  the  editor 
of  the  Roxburghe  volume,  the  late  Prof.  Stiirzinger,  notes  on  p.  125  that  ten 
MSS.  leave  out  one  couple  of  the  Be  stanzas,  thus  reducing  the  name  to 
"Guillermus  de  Guilevilla." 

I  may  add  here  that  the  prose  treatise  on  the  Virgin  as  the  sinner's  Eefuge 
from  Trilnilation,  and  the  Consolation  of  Afflicted  Hearts,  p.  437,  etc.,  above,  is 
substituted  l)y  Lydgate  for  about  a  page  of  DeGuileville's  French  verse,  Foeillct. 
Ivij.,  cols.  2-4,  which  I  shall  print  in  the  Forewords  to  this  Fart  II. 


The  Ladies  return  to  the  Castle,  to  worh  fearlessly.         G25 


that  folke  sliukl  them  spare  nought, 
to  his  presens  till  they  were  brought, 
for  he  cast  liym,  anorie  ryght, 
on  them  to  done  iustice  and  ryght, 
that  they  go  no  more  at  large  ; 
and  gave  his  porter  eke  in  charge 
forto  shette  the  gates  sore, 
that  they  entre  there  no  more, 
nor  that  they  have  ther  no  cliere, 

and  then  I  saughe  a  messagere 
wher  the  kynge  of  custome  dwells, 
In  the  castell  rynge  bells, 
for  to  maken  Assemble , 
where  the  kynge  set  in  his  se, 
of  the  ladyes  that  ther  dwell, 
(of  whome  to-forne  ye  have  herd  tell,) 
that  suffred  gret  oppressyon 
of  Envy  and  Detraccion, 

of  Scillas  houndes,^  by  berkynge,  ['  hounds  St.] 

in  th[e]  absens  of  the  kynge, 
of  their  drede  and  mortall  rage, 
wher-of  they  suffred  gret  damage. 

'  Madams,'  q^iod  this  messegere, 
'  the  kynge,  most  myghty  of  power, 
whiche  hathe,  in  great  charitie, 
(in  effecte,  as  ye  shall  se,) 
and  purposethe  in  his  entent, 
he  hathe  be  longe  from  yow  absent, 
(as  ye  know  yowr-selffe  full  well,) 
but  of  new,  to  this  castell, 
he  is  come  for  his  pleasaunce ; 
and  he  hathe  made  an  ordynaunce 
and  statutes  full  covendble, 
to  yow  echon)  ryght  profytable, 
commaundynge  yow,  echon,  in  dede, 
that,  hens-forthe,  ye  ha  no  drede 
of  your  enemys,  nor  hevynesse,        [stowe,  leaf  set, 
but  that  yow  do  yowr  besynesse 
(as  it  is  the  kynges^  will)  [^kyngsst.] 

yowr  office  truly  to  fullfyll, 

PILGRIMAGE. 


23300 


23304 


23308 


23312 


23316 


23320 


23324 


23328 


23332 

,  back] 


[Stowe  MS. 

952.] 
.TAe  Pilgrim. 


that  hemifrht 
punish  them. 


Then  the 
bells  were 
rung  to 
assemble  the 
Ladies  of  the 
Castle, 


whom  Envy, 
Detraction, 
and  Scylla's 
Dogs  had 
worried. 


The  King's 

Messenger. 


Tlie  Ladies 
were  told 


not  to  fear 
their  foes. 


23336 


but  do  their 
work. 


62G  The  Ladies  live  hcqipily.     I  resolve  to  visit  Castles. 


[Stowe  us. 

952.] 
The  King's 
Meagenger. 


The  PVgrim, 

Then  every 
lady  did  her 
duty  quietly 
and  happily. 


Where  the 
(fate  is  well 
kept,  no  vices 
can  enter. 


Then  I  re- 
solvd 


to  visit  castles 


and  see  how 
every  officer 
workt. 


So  I  got 
leave, 


saw  many 
countries. 


'as  ye  dyj,  when  ye  began, 
and  bettar,  yf  ye  bettar  can ; 
for  the  kynge  (as  ye  shall  se) 
will  on  your  foon  aveugid  be  : 
to  yow  I  ha  no  more  to  say.' 

than  the  messengar  went  his  way, 
and  thes  ladys,  by  good  advyse, 
fall  truly  dyd  theyr  offyse, 
evereche,  lyke  to  ther  degre, 
voyde  of  all  contrariouste ; 
and  (shortly  for  to  devyse) 
wher  that  truthe  and  iustice 
be  truly  kept  in  any  place, 
I  dare  sayue  ther  abydythe  grace ; 
And  where  the  gate  is  kept  well, 
of  palays,  maner,  or  castell, 
that  vycis  may  ha  none  entrie, 
that  place  stant  in  suerte, 
and  eche  thynge  tournethe  for  the.  best; 
for,  ther  is  peace,  and  ther  is  rest, 
and  evar  gladly,  to  theyr  forthynge, 
ther  abyte  the  ryghtffull  kynge ; 
and  ther  is  suraunce  &  eke  trust. 

and  aStar  this,  I  had  a  lust, 
cawght  in  my-selfe  a  great  corage, 
for  to  holden  my  passage, 
and  greatly  gan  my  selffe  delyght, 
dyvers  castells  to  vysyte, 
for  to  consythar  the  maner 
of  euery  maner  offycer, 
How  eue7*ych  dede  in  his  degre, 

and  it  is  good,  a  man  to  se 
many  thynges,  and  to  here, 
for  therby  a  man  may  lere     [stowe,  leaf  ses]     [c.  &  St.] 
ful  moche  thynge  outward  by  syght,  ,, 

and  take  example  to  done  right.  ,,     23372 

And  whan  I  hadde  ther-to  lycence^     [Mycensst.] 
I  wente  and  dede  my  diligence"  [» dyiygens  st.] 

to  visiten,  and  to  se 
ful 3  many  wonderful  CO Witre.  [Sfuiom.st.]  23376 


23340 


23344 


23348 


23352 


23356 


23360 


23364 


[MS.  Cott.  ViteU.  C.  xiii, 
leaf  287,  begini  again.'] 

23368 


I  sec  Religious  Ooxlers  vjho  hreaJc  their  Bonds.   Grace  Dieu.   627 


and  ther^  I  fond  ful  gret  foysou?*      [' tiieist.,om.c.] 

Of  many  dyuers  Eeligyou?i ; 

and.  I  saugh,  of  many  oon, 

The  grete  bondes  eue?'yclion)  23380 

broke,  that  shuld  hem  wel  conserve, 

yef  they  wold  hem  wel  observe, 

Kepe  hem  from  al  aduersite, 

as  here-to-forn  ye  dede  se,  23384 

Whan  the  smale  wikres^  brak,  [^wyrkast.  (see  p.  588,  «6oije.)] 

The  hopes  wen  ten  al  to  wrak, 

And  many  shippes  for  lak,  alias, 

Was  yperysshed^  in  the  same  cas,      [^  peryshyd  st.]  23388 

and  brought  vnto  confusiouw, 

(tofom  as  is  maad^  mens'iou?*)  [*  made  is  St.] 

for  lak  in  their  goue?'naunces, 

JSTat  kepyng  their  obseruauwces.  23392 

And  her-vpon  I  ferther  wente 
to  sene^  more  (in  myn  entente).        [s  sene  St.,  sen  c] 
And  withyne  a  litel  space 

I  cam  into  a  noble  place  ;  23396 

and  at  the  gate  I  saugh  somers ; 
and  on  hem  sitte,^  f  ressh  of  chers,  [« sat  St.] 

Aungels,  of  gret  vertu  ;  [&-synabte  Hue] 

and  hafter  hem,  kam  Grace  Dieu,  23400 

fresshly  Eidyng  in  a  char. 

and  the  gate  (I  was  wel  war) 
Of  the  castel  stood  vnshet. 

and  truely,  whan  I  had  met  23404 

the  Somers,  I  gan  enquere  [C.  &st.] 

of  oon,  that  he  wold[e]  lere 
goodly,  and  informe  me,       [stowe,  onieafscs] 
^yhos  the  somers  sholde'' be,        [-shoidst.]        ,,     23408 
Which  hadde,  vpon)  hir  weye, 
Aungels  hem  to  conveye,        le-gyiiabie  «ne] 
Only  for  to  make  hem  strong. 

The  aungel: 
'  To  Grace  Dieu,'  qtwd  he,  '  they  long.'  23412 

The  pilgrym; 
Quod  I  to  oon  that  rood  behynde, 
"  telle  me  wher  I  shal  hir  fynde." 


The  Pi/grim. 


and  divers 
religions 


with  broken 
bonds. 


(as  yon  saw ; 
when  the 
wickers 
broke,  the 
hoops  burst, 
and  tlie  ships 
sank,) 


for  lack  of 
government. 


At  a  noble 
place, 


I  see  Angels 
on  horses. 


and  Grace 
Dieu  in  a 
Chariot. 


[leaf  287,  bk.] 


These  horses, 
ridden  by 
Angels, 


aie  Grace 
Dieu's. 


628       Grace  Die%L  shows  me  a  had  old  Head  of  a  Convent 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  go  to  Grace 

Dieu's 

chariot, 


and  tell  her 
my  adven- 
tures. 


[leaf  288] 
Grace  Dieit. 


I  follow  her 
thru  many 
dwellings. 


and  see 
Virtues  and 
Vices, 


an  old  lady, 


head  of  a 
Convent, 


The   Aungel:  [Stowe,  leafSOS,  tack] 

Quod  thaungel,  '  as  it  is  due, 

her,  in  hast,  she  shal  vs  sue.'  23416 

[Blajik  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 

And  in  my  way  so  I  me  bar, 
that  I  fonde  hir  in  hir  char ; 
and  a-mong  hir  folkes  alle, 

henignely^  she  gan  me  calle,  [i  benyngiy  st,,  benigiy  c]  23420 
and  bad  I  shold  ek  ha  no  fere 
to  telle  what  I  dede  there. 

The  pilgrym: 
And  I  answeryd^  anon)  ryght,      [^  answeryd  st.,  answeid  c] 
hoAV  I  wente  to  haue  a  syght  23424 

of  sondry  castelles  (it  is  no  doute,) 
that  in  the  couratre  stood  aboute, 
and  of  folke's  gouernauuce, 
that  ther  abood  for  her  plesaunce.  23428 

Grace  dieu: 
Graciously,  y-wys,  qwod  she, 
*  Now  thou  hast  yfounden  me 
toforn  or  that  I  was  ago. 
but  (withouto^  wordes  mo), 
come  and  folwe  on  after  me, 
and  many  thynges  thou  shalt  se.' 

and  she  ladde  me,  vp  and  doun, 
by  many  diuerse  mansToun, 
In  cloystres,  as  wente  tho 
Eound  about,  to  and  fro : 
ther  I  saugh  vertues  and  ek  vices, 
and  many  dyuerse  edifices.  23440 

I  saugh  ther  places  ru}'Tious, 
and  to  dwelle  in  /  pe?'illous. 

she  shewed  me,  on  our  walkyng, 
an  olde  lady  ther  haltyng,  23444 

and  (as  by  her  contenaunce,) 
She  hadde  ther  gret  goue/'naunce  : 
she  bar  a  Rewle  of  a  masoz^n, 

and  pleyed  by  derysioMn,  23448 

and  (as  I  coude  tho  espie) 
by  a  mane)'  mokerye. 


[3  without  C,  St.]    23432 


23436 


l6-8i/llable  line} 


founded,  hy  St.  Benedict,  tvliose  Rule  was  neglected.  G29 


In  hir  hand  (as  I  was  war) 
a  gretii^  spoon  also  she  har  ; 
and  as  she  reysed  it  a-lofte, 
to  hir  mouth  she  putte  it  ofte. 

[Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illuminafion.'] 
And  also  (as  to  my  reward,) 
hir  hed  was  turned  ek  bakward, 
that  toforn  (as  I  ha  mynde,) 
Was  turned  and  ysette  behynde. 

[Grace  Dieu]: 
Quod  Grace  dieu  a-noon  to  me, 
'  at  the  eye  thou  mayst  se  ; 
this  hous  (yef  thou  canst  espye,) 
whilom  was  by  masounrye 
bilt,  and  founded  spiritually 
by  sent  Benet,  feithfully 
by  lyne  and  level  of  masoun, 
thorugh  gostly  foundacioun, 
for  which,  whilom  parmanable, 
it  was  tabide  the  mor  stable. 

'  conceyve  also,  (by  my  doctryne,) 
thyng  that  is  maad  by  rule  and  lyne, 
In  it  self  hath  more  beaute 
tendure,  and  mor  stabilite. 
but  whan  the  masoun  was  agoon, 
the  rule  wente,  and  that  a-noon, 
and  the  lyne  stood  nat  faire 
Whan  the  rule  gan  apaire ; 
and  thus  the  rule,  and  ek  the  lyne, 
bothe  attones  gan  declyne. 
and  feithfully,  in  this  castel, 
the  rule  was  nat  kept  ryght  wel ; 
for,  sith  the  halt  held  this  place, 
al  good  rule  gan  diiface. 
of  vertu  ek  she  is  so  bare, 
the  edifices  to  repare  ; 
for  the  old  fundaciou??, 
She  hath  nat  but  derisiou?i ; 
She  reccheth  nat  what-euere  falle  ; 
thaugh  the  stoones  fallen  alle, 


[1  gret  C,  grete  St.]    23452 


with  a  great 
^poon  in  her 
hand. 


23456 

Her  head  was 
set  on  back- 
wards. 

Grace  Dieu. 

[leaf  288,  bk.] 

23460 

The  house 
was  founded 

[Stowe,  leaf  366] 

23464 

by  St. 
Benedict, 

23468 


234  ( 


23476 


but  its  Rules 
were  not 
faithfully 
kept. 


23480 


iSee  1.  23,411] 


23484 


23488 


Its  Head 
cared  nothing 
if  its  Stones 
of  Virtue  fell 
out. 


030       TJic  Convent's  Mortar  of  Prayer  and  Work  didn't  last. 


[leaf  289] 

I  said  the 
masonry  of 
the  house  was 
not  perman- 
ent. 


Grace  Dieu.    '  of  ve/'tu,  bildcii  in  the  place ; 

for,  save  to  play  and  to  solace, 

I  dar  sey  she,  in  hir  werkyng^, 

Intendeth  to  noon  other  thyng*.'  [st.  &c.]  23492 

The  Pilgrim.      The  Pylgrym : 

"  Ma  dame,"  quod  I,  "  to  my  semyng, 

this  place  first,  in  his  bildyng, 

(Who  consydereth  euerydel) 

the  masounry  was  nat  maad  wel,  23496 

Was  not  duely  maad,  nor  stable, 

Sith  it  is  not  parmanable." 
Grace  Dieur^  [ist.,om.c.] 

'  Touchyng  the  bildyng,  tak  good  heed  : 

the  masounry,  (it  is  no  dreed,)  23500 

I  dar  ful  wel  thy -self  assure, 

it  was  maad  for  to  endure, 

and  to  haue  last^  for  many  yer,  [» lust  c,  last  St.] 

Save  oonly  the  morter  23504 

Was  not  iustly  (as  I  ha  sayd) 

stably  among  the  stoones  layd, 

ffounded  vpon  true  entent 

more  stedfastly  than  is  cyment.  23508 

'  It  was  first  maad  of  orisou?is, 

of  fastyng  and  aflfliccioures, 

to  holde  the  cloystre  round  about 

by  stablenesse,  and  not  gon  out  23512 

into  the  world,  vagabound,  [stowe,  leaf  see,  back] 

the  edifices  to  confound  ; 

but  in  their  cloystres  stille  abyde 

in  mekenesse,  and  not  in  pryde,  23516 

Haue  their  frequentaciouTZS 

in  prayer  and  in  orisouws ; 

erly  on  morwen  to  aryse, 

in  vertu  to  haue  excercyse ;  23520 

and  at  festes  more  and  lasse, 

ofte  tymes  synge  masse. 

'  this  was  whilom,  (I  you  ensure,) 

of  their  morter,  the  temprure,  23524 

founded  vppon)  charyte, 

on  concord  and  fraternyte, 


and  the 
mortar  was 
not  stable. 


It  was  made 
first  of  ori- 
sons and 
fasting. 


Binginj  of 
masses. 


Every  Nun  does  as  she  Wees,  and  the  Pom'  are  neglected.  631 


23528 


23532 


C'lieodeSt.]    23540 


23544 


'  In  love  and  in  perfeccioura, 

Voyde  of  al  de vision w, 

In  parfit  pes  and  vnyte 

of  high  and  lowe  in  their  degre, 

for  love  only  of  crist  ihe-b-u. 

'And  yef  the  morter,  in  his  vertii, 
had  abide  in  stabilnesse, 
Withouten  eny  doubleuesse, 
Lich  the  first  fundaciouw, 

The  werke^  nad  not  falle  a-tlouw,  [' werk  c,  worke  St.]  23536 
but  stable  stonde  in  his  degre. 

'  and  now,  echon  ha  libeyte, 
at  feir  lust,  to  slepe  and  wake  ; 
and  noon  other  lied-  ne  take 
forto  kepe  their  obse/'uaunce  : 
and  thus,  for  lak  of  goue/-naunce, 
Pes  from  hem,  and  vnyte, 
Exiled  is,  and  chary te. 

'  that  whilom  gaff  drynke  and  foode, 
and  vnto  pore  their  lyveloode, 
oouly  of  mercy  and  pyte, 
and,  held  hospitalyte ; 
and,  of  euery  manere  age, 
gaf  to  pore  folk  herbegage, 
such  as  thei  seyen,  in  distresse, 
in  myschif,  and  in  Seknesse.* 

Pilgrim :  ^ 
"  Ma  dame  (and  ye  list  take  hede,) 
Who  hath  nought,  (it  is  no  drede,) 
may  not  parten  his  Almesse 
to  folk  that  Leven  in  distresse." 

Grace  Dieu:* 
'Thow  seyst  soth,  (as  thynketh  me,) 
but  wher  thou  leggest  poue/'te, 
whilom  thei  had  suffisaunce, 
plente  ynowh,  and  h4bundaunce, 
whan  thei  worsheped  in  special  [Stowe,  leaf  367] 

The  myghty  kyng  that  gaf  hem  al 
suffisaunce  in  euery  lond  ;  ^  p  land  . . .  hand  St.] 

but  now  he  hath  withdrawe  his  hond-5  23564 


23548 


23552 


P  St.,  om.  C] 


23556 


[*  St.,  om,  C] 


23560 


Grace  Dieu. 
Oeaf  289,  bk.] 


jipiioe  and 
unity, 


anil  love  of 
Clu'iat. 


But  from  lack 
of  ob.seivance 
of  rules,  and 
of govern- 
ment, peace 
and  unity 
are  exileil, 
and  nothing 
is  given  to 
the  poor. 


The  PUgrim. 

But,  said  1, 
they  that 
have  nothing 
cannot  give 
alms. 


True,  an- 
SH'erd  Grace 
Dieu, 

but  there 
was  plenty 
while  they 
worshipt 
the  great 
King, 

[leaf  290] 


G32   Senders  arc  in  the  Co7ivent ;  Dogs  dung  in  the  Cemetery. 


Grace  Dieu. 


but  now  they 
are  careless. 


and  the  place 
is  unclean : 


spiders, 


swallows. 


dogs'  dung, 
nettles  and 
weeds  are  in 
it  and  around 
it. 


Christ  did 
justice  on 
those  who 
defiled  the 
temple. 


[leaf  290,  bk.] 

But  this 
negligent 
Head  would 
not  rel'orra 
abuses. 


She  cared 
only  I'lir 
woililly 
vanity : 


*  for  their  offences  ;  this  the  fyn  : 

ther  goodes  drawen  to  declyn  ; 

for  thei  be  Rekles  of  livyng 

forto  serue  that  noble  kyng  ;  23568 

and,  for  slouth  and  necligence, 

they  doon  in  o  thyng  gret  offence. 

Ifor  wher  the  lord  (in  his  degre) 

Duely  shuld  honnoMved^  be,  [' honoryd  shuid  St.]   23572 

the  place  is  not,  with  diligence, 

Clenly  kept  with  reue?'euce  ; 

for  beforn,  and  ek  behynde, 

Yraynes  and  webbcs  men  may  fynde  ;  23576 

and  also  ek,  (yef  thou  take  hede,) 

Swalwes  and  othre  bryddes  brede; 

and  also  ek  (through  al  their  boundes) 

dong  of  dogges  and  ek  of  houndes,  23580 

nettles  and  wedes  round  aboute, 

in  cymyterys  ful  gret  route, 

lich  a  disert  or  places ^  wilde,  [2  place  St.] 

wher  no  man  hath  lust  to  bilde,  23584 

Eeplevisshed  of  al  ordure, 

as  it  were  withouten  cure  ; 

and  many  oother  dishonestes, 

bestial  in  ther  degres,  23588 

mor  than  I  can  here  devyse. 

'  Jind  crist  ihe.^us  dede  iustyse 
on  hem  that  in  the  temple  solde  : 
because  oonly  thei  were  bolde  23592 

to  done  dishonnour  to  his  hous, 
he  was  in  -party  Eegerous, 
As  the  gospel  kan  you  telle ; 

he  bett  hem  out  with  a  flagelle,  23596 

That  noon  of  hem  durst  abyde. 

'  Wherfore  this  halte  that  here  is  guyde, 
list  nat,  of  hir  frowardnesse, 

suche^  thynges  to  redresse,  p  suche  St.,  such  c]  23600 

nor  do  seruyse  in  hir  werkyng 
for  tentende  vpon)  the  kyng  : 
lier  look,  hir  cher,  (as  ye  may  se,) 
is  vpoiD  worldly  vanyte,  23604 


and  the  king 
will  not  fail 
to  take 
redress  for 
these  evils. 


God  loill  avenge  this.    Abuses  have  crept  in,  &  Gluttony .    (So'f. 

'  and  al  hir  hertes  besynesse,  grace  Pieu, 

rather  than  on  holynesse  ; 

for  which  the  kyng  (iustly  and  wel, 

that  considereth  euejydel)  [stowe,  leaf  367,  back]  23608 

hem  to  quyte  wil  not  cesse, 

niaketh  their  goodes  to  discresse  ; 

and,  for  their  pompe  and  their  pryde, 

Set  her  Kichesse  out  a-syde,  23612 

dmenusyng  their  substance, 

their  tresour  and  their  hdbundance, 

"Which  made  hem  first  their  ^  lord  forsake, 

'therfore  he  can  it  fro  hem  take  [i  theyr  St.,  the  c]  23616 
"Whan-eue/'B  he  list,  who  loke  wel ; 
ffor  the  Prophete  Ezechel^ 
"Writeth,  (who  so  taketh  hede) 
Idehiesse,  plente  of  bred, 
caused  (in  conclusiouw) 
of  Sodom  the  distrucc■iou?^.' 

Pilgrim :  ^ 
"  I  pray  yov,  telle  on  a-noon  ryght. 
She  that  halteth  in  my  syght, 
What  is  hir  name,  and  hir  offys, 
of  whom  ye  sette^  so  litel  prys  1 " 

Grace  Dieu :  ^ 
'  To  make  a  playn  discripciou«, 
She  is  called  '  Abusiouw,' 
because,  the  good  that  god  hath  sent, 
by  hir  thei  ben  wrongly  dispent,*^ 
And  ageyn  his  wul "  abused ; 
Wherof  she  may  nat  ben  excused. 

'  She  halt  a  rule  of  a  masouw, 
only  by  fals  collusion?* ; 
for,  to  the  rule  that  she  is  bounde, 
(Whan  the  trouth  is  sough[t]  ^  and  founde,  i»  known  st.] 
Therto  she  haveth  no  reward,)  23637 

Hir  hed  ytourned  is  bakward ; 
Vnto  the  world  she  cast  hir  look, 
Wich,  vnder  colour,  she  forsook.  23640 

'  hir  spon  also  doth  signefye 
the  foulii  vice  of  Glotonye, 


[2  ezechiell  St.] 

As  Ezekiel 
said. 

23620 

idleness  was 
the  destruc- 
tion of 
Sodom. 

[3  St.,  om.  C] 

The  Pilgrim. 

23624 

I  ask  who 
this  bad  Head 
of  a  Convent 
is. 

[*  is  set  St.] 

[5  St.,  om.  C] 

Grace  Dieu. 

23628 

This  Head  is 
'  Abuse,' 

[«  spent  St.] 

[7  wiU  St.] 

23632        [leaf  291] 


and  has  her 
head  turned 
backward. 


Her  Spoon 

sis^nittes 

Gluttony. 


C34 


In  Convents,  the  community  of  goods  is  gone. 


She  has  for- 
8:iken  the 
unity  of 
antiquity, 


and  dis- 
covered the 
vice  of 
Property, 


using  the 
Spoon  of  In- 
dividualism, 

usurping  the 
fat,  and  leav- 
ing the  lean. 


[leaf  291,  bk.] 


not  like 
shepherds, 
but  like 
ravenous 
wolves. 


getting  goods 
with  the 
spoon  of  In- 
dividualism, 


and  ohtaining 

Christ's^ 

curae. 


'  for,  ageyn  ryght  and  al  Resoun, 

by  force  and  vsurpac'iouw,  23644  , 

she  hath  forsake  the  vnyte 

of  fraternal  antiquyte, 

by  perfecciouTi  to  contune 

to  haue  hir  goodes  in  comune.  23648 

*  but  this  fals  Abusiou/J, 
only  by  vsurpaciouw 
In  Religiou?i  (who  list  se), 

fonde  out  the  vice  of  propurte,  23652 

Which  is  thyng  most  vicious, 
rennyng  among  religious,  [stowe,  leaf  368] 

Which  causeth  ofte  discord  and  stryf, 
contrary  to  Thapostles  lyf.  23656 

'  In  propurte  (ye  may  ther  rede) 
thei  ne  dide  nothyng  possede  ; 
her  good  was  comouw,  in  certeyn. 
Wherfore  the  Spon  that  thou  hast  seyn^  23660 

ys  callede  '  Syngularyte,' 
thyng  to  possede  in  propurte ; 
to  gedre  the  fatte  (thus  I  mene,) 

vnto  hir  self,  and  leve  the  lene :  23664 

As  the  Prophete  Ezechiel, 
to  the  sheperdes  of  Israel 
Spak  and  wrot,  f  ul  yore  a-go  : 

'  Sorwe  be  to  you,  and  wo,  23668 

that  ne  take  to  nothyng  hede, 
but  your  silven^  forto  fede  ;  ['  seivs  St.] 

not  lik  sheperdes  of  cristus  hous  ; 
but  verray  wolves  Eavinous, 
liggyng  awayt,  bothe  nyglit  and  day, 
forto  devoure  what  thei  may  : 
they  take  bothe  mylk  and  woUe ; 
and  the  fatte,  away  tliei  pulle 
with  the  spoon  of  cruelte 
ycalled  Syngularyte, 
thei  Robbe  pantener  and  purs, 
and  gete  hem  ofte  Cristes  cours."^  p  curs  St.]  23680 

'  flfor  Avhich  cause,  I,  Abusiou?*, 
am  come  of  entenciou/i 


23672 


23676 


So  the  ^prcyperty  tJiey  have  misused  is  given  to  ivorthier  folic.  635 


'  Such  abusiouws  to  se, 

and  their  superfluyte 

to  kutte  away,  which  that  thei  vse, 

and  their  goodes  to  dmenuse. 

'  The  Aungels  han  hem  take  away, 
Which  thou  mettest  this  same  day, 
With  grete  some?'s  in  sothuesse, 
ledyng  away  the  gret  Richesse, 
to  parte  it  (of  entenciouw) 
to  folk  that  in  deuociou?i 
lede  her  lives  in  comune, 
and  in  deuociouw  do  contune ; 
such  as  in  god  gretly  delyte, 
fro  good  to  bet  alway  p?'ofyte. 

'  figure  herof ,  ye  may  se, 
how  that  by  olde  Antiquyte, 
the  bible  ful  wel  can  you  tel, 
how  the  childre  of  Israel 
took  of  Egypt  the  Tresour 
In  recompense  of  her  labour. 
As  for  guerdou?^,  by  dwete 
Whan  they  passed  the  rede  Se, 
they  tooke  in  thyng  by  Robberye, 
as  clerkes  list  to  specifye ; 
they  bare^  with  hem  gret  substaunce, 
only  by  Goddes  ordynaunce, 
Egipciens  (it  is  no  drede) 
Were  not  worthy  it  to  possede. 

'  and  som  folk  deme  off  Resoun, 
that  folk  that  haue  possessiouri, 
and  ben  cursed  of  livyng, 
It  is  leful  (by  their  demyng) 
forto  spoylle  hem  duely, 
and  yeve  it  hem  that  ben  worthy.' 

Pilgrim :  ^ 
Touchyng  that  oppynyouw, 
thus  I  answerd  of  Resouw  : 
"  god  ne  doth  nat  thus  alway, 
who  that  conceyveth,  day  by  day ; 
for  ther  ys  many  an  v surer 


23684 


23688 


23692 


23696 


23700 


But  the 
Angels 
liave  carried 
off  their 
wealtli. 


to  part  it 
among  de- 
vout folk. 


[Stowe,  leaf  368,  back] 


The  Israelites 

took  the 
treasure  of 
Egypt 


23704        [leaf292] 


\}  bare  St.,  bar  C] 

23708 


23712 


23716 


[«  St.,  om.  C] 


23720 


by  God's 
decree ; 


and  some 
f„lk  liold 
that  evil 
men's  goods 
may  be  law- 
tUlly  taken 


and  given  to 
the  worthy. 


The  Pilprim. 


But  Gdd  let 
many  usurers 
exist. 


636 


Convents  were  endowd  fw  Prayer  and   WorsJiip, 


who  possess 
unworthily 


and  give  not 
to  the  poor. 


They  shall 
give  account 
to  God ; 
[leaf  292,  bk.] 


but  the  pos- 
sessiims  of 
religious 
bouses 


came  by  way 
of  alius, 


that  the 
monks  might 
pray  for  the 
founders. 


"  in  dyuers  londes  fer  and  ner, 

that  Wynne  gold  ful  cursedly, 

and  it  possede  fuH  vnworthily,  [i  fui, o»s.  st.]  23724 

how  falsly  that  they  come  therto ; 

and  god  suffreth  that  it  be  so  ; 

and  yet,  to  pore  they  yeve  no  thyng, 

though  they  be  ryghtful  of  livyng,"  23728 

Grace  Dieu :  -  [»  st.,  om.  c] 

*  As  to  thy  conclus'iouw, 
ther  is  noon  soluciou?* : 
god  gaf  neuere  (fer  nor  ner,) 

licence  to  noon  vsurer,  23732 

that  he  shuld  (I  the  ensure) 
ben  admytted  to  fals  vsure. 
god  suffreth  hem  to  han  tresour, 

gold,  Eichesse,  and  gret  honour  :  23736 

of  al  the  tresour  that  they  weld, 
To  hym  they  shal  acountes  yeld.  [c  &  St.] 

first,  they  it  wan  ^  by  violence,  [^  yt  wan  st.] 

of  god  hauyng  no  licence  ;  23740 

wherfor,  to  their  Dampnac'iou??, 
he  suffreth  their  pocessiou??, 
as  he  hadde'*  no  reward ;  [*  had  c,  St.] 

but  he  wil  punysshe  hem  afterward,  23744 

(though  they  for  a  while  habound,) 
the  vice  of  Vsure  to  confound. 

'  but  goodes  of  religious, 
that  was  yeve  in-to^  her  hous  [Swutost.]  23748 

In  ther  first  foundacioun, 
their  tresour  and  possessiou?*, 
it  was  yove  hem  of  almesse 

for  their  grete  perfitnesse,  23752 

of  entent  that,  day  and  nyght,  [stowe,  leaf  sou] 

that  they  shold,  with  al  their  myght, 
AVorshepe  god  Avith  grete  honours, 
and  truely  pr«y  for  their  foundours.  23756 

'  and  iustly,  this  condiciouM 
is  worth  an  obligaciou?*. 

that^  whan  it  falleth  their  fooly,  [Hiicust.] 

that  thci  not  vsc  duely  237G0 


If  these  fail,  the  Goods  are  taJcen,  as  Israel  spoilt  Egypt.     Go7 


[1  were  St.] 


'  their  offices  as  thei  sholde  do, 

to  kepe  ther  obseruau?ices  also 

(Hell  to  their  p?-ofessiou?i) 

in  prayer  and  deuoci'oun, 

god  wil,  of  his  ryghtful  lawe, 

to  chastice  hem,  his  hond  with-drawe, 

suffre  her  goodes  to  vnthryve, 

but  if  thei  amende  hem  blive ; 

yive  it  to  hem  that  wil  hym  sej'ue, 

and  his  comandementes  obserue. 

'  herof  ye  may  sen  a  figure 
fful  wel  rehersed  in  scripture  : 
In  Egipt  whilom,  how  it  fel. 
Whan  the  childre  of  Israel 
Wher^  ther  in  subiecciou?z 
al  that  ilke  regiou?^ ; 
thorugh  their  travaiH  and  labour, 
was  maad  ryche  of  gret  tresour ; 
but  afterward  (as  ye  may  se) 
Vij  yeres  of  Sterylite 
folwed  on,  (as  ye  may  red,) 
wherof  loseph  took  good  hed 
long  a-forn,  of  high  prudence ; 
and  faugh  his  noble  providence, 
Ageyn  the  hunger,  Eche  syde,^   \}  echo  syde  St.,  ecii  a 
ful  prudently  gan  to  provide, 
and  shop  ther-fore  a  remedye, 
(as  Genesis  doth  specifye ;) 
for,  thorugh  the  myght  of  goddiis  hond, 
he  sustened  al  the  lond 
from  hunger  and  aduersite. 
The  vij  yer  of  Sterilite. 

*  but  of  al  this  grete  dede, 
thei  of  Egipt  took  non  hede, 
to  thank  en  (in  espec*al) 
the  myghti  lord  that  gaf  hem  al ; 
nor  wolde  suffre,  in  no  wyse, 
Israel  do  sacrifyse ; 
but  held  in  subieccioure, 
out  of  the  lond  of  p7'omyssiou?i. 


.    Orace  Dieu. 


23764 


23768 


23772 


23776 


If  they  do  not 
so  pray,  God 
will  chastise 
them. 


See  a  type 
in  Egypt. 


[leaf  29.S] 

After  the 
Israelites 


had  enricht 


'^3780    came  seven 
■^  years  of 

famine. 


23784 

syde  C] 


23788 


23792 


23796 


These  were 
jirovided  for 
by  Joseph, 


but  the 
Efryptians 
did  not  thank 
God. 


They  held 
tlie  Israelites 
23800    in  bondage; 


638        Vicious  folks   Riches  shall  he  given  to  the   Virtuous. 


Grace  Dieu. 


and  therefore 
God  gave 
them  tlie 
treasure  of 
Egypt 


[leaf  293,  bk.] 


as  a  reward 
for  tlieir 
virtue. 


The  Pilgrim. 


Yet  I  liave 
Been  many 
devout  people 
in  poverty. 


Why  does 
God  suffer 
this? 

Grace  Difii. 


23804 

[Stowe,  leaf  369,  back] 


23808 


[C.  &  St.] 


*  wherfore,  merveille  neuere  a  del, 
thaugh  god  suffred  Israel, 
oonly  of  his  ryghtwesnesse, 
to  robben  hem  of  their  Richesse, 
and  spoylen  hem  of  their  Tresour. 
god  gaf  it  hem  for  their  labour, 
And  as  for  a  mede  in  guerdouw, 
Depaj'tyng  from  that  Eegiouri. 

'  They  hadde  disserued  it  of  yore, 
by  gret  labour  that  sat  hem  sore, 
thorugh  cdnstreynt  of  Kyng  Pharao, 
which  wolde  not  suflfren  hem  to  go, 
JsTor  to  departe  in  rest  and  pes, 

for  no  massage  of  Moyses  ;  ^  ['  message  off  mosese  St.] 

but  put  hem  euere  in  delay, 

'  and  thus  the  lord  can  take  a- way 
Eichesse  of  folkes  vicious, 
and  yive  it  hem  that  be  vertuous  ; 
As  he  hath  done  here  in  this  place  : 
thou  mayst  beholde  it  with  thy  face.' 

Pilgrim :  ^ 
"  Certe**,"  qtiod  I  with  hevy  cher, 
' '  In  other  places  mo  than  her 
(to  telle  shortly,  and  not  tarye) 
I  ha  beholde  the  contrary, 
wher  folk,  by  gret  douociouw, 
han  kept  their  religiou?i 
ful  streytly,  in  gret  houeste, 
that  han  falle  in  pouerte, 
bothe  of  liflood  and  vesture, 
that  thei  myghte^  nat  endure, 
Mischef  hath  hem  brought  so  lowe. 
and  fayn  I  wold  the  cause  knowe, 
why  god  wil  suffre  their  grevaunce, 
for  to  lakke  their  suffisaunce." 

Grace  Dieu :  * 
Qwod  Grace  Dieu  a-noon  to  me, 
'  I  wil  herof  answere  the, 
and  make  therof  no  gret  delay ; 
but  her  cometh  oou  nov  in  our  way, 


23812 


23816 


23820 


[»  St.,  om.  C] 


23824 


23828 


[3  myght  C,  St.] 


23832 


[♦St.,  om.C] 


2383G 


[leaf  294] 
The  Pilgrim, 


A  Bwarf 
approaches. 


SteHHtv. 


named 
'Sterility,' 


The  Bwarf '  Sterility '  who  dwelt  seven  years  m  Egypt.  639 

*  and  I  wil  first,  of  good  resouw,  Grace  meu. 
knowen  his  entenciou?* ;                                            23840 

or  go  thy  self,  by  my  biddyng*, 
And  axe  the  cause  of  his  comyng^,' 

And  sodeynly,  good  hede  I  took ; 
and  cast  on  syde  on  hym  my  look,  23844 

which,  lich  a  dwerf,  (ihis  the  caas,) 
of  his  fetures  shapen  was. 
a  pyk  of  Iren,  sharp  and  longe, 
he  held,  that  was  of  niakyng  strong*.  23848 

Pilgrim :  ^  [Blank  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.^ 
And  to  me-ward  his  look  he  layde.         [>  St.,  om.  c] 
hut  first,  to  hym  ryght  thus  I  sayde. 
"  Telle  on,  thou  dwerf,  (ha  no  shame,) 
To  vs,  thyn  office  and  thy  name."  23852 

Sterelite :  ^  ['  st.,  om.  c] 

*  I  called  am  (yef  thou  list  se) 
Of  folkes  alle,  'Sterility,'  [stowe, leaf 370] 
which  ha  this  hous  maad  ful  bareyn, 
bothe  of  frut  and  ek  of  greyn.  23856 
Ther  good,  their  lond,  (yef  it  be  sought,) 
I  ha  distruyed  and  brought  to  nought : 
This  my  craft  and  myn  offys  ; 

and  therfor  (by  gret  avys)  23860 

to  caste  folk  in  pouerte, 
I  am  called  '  Sterilite  ; ' 
foul  and  ougly  of  look  and  cher : 

In  Egypt  I  dwelled  vij  yer.  23864 

wher  I  abyde,  (be  wel  certeyn,) 
I  make  the  land  to  be.  bareyn.' 

Grace  Dieu  :  ^  [?  st.,  om.  c] 

Qwod  Grace  Dieu,  '  a  litel  space, 

Go  thy  way  out  of  this  place ;  23868 

and  what-so-euere  herafter  falle, 
whan  me  list,  I  shal  the  calle.' 

And  whan  that  tourned  was  his  bak, 
Grace  dieu  thus  to  me  spak :  23872 

'  touchyng  the  goodes,  day  be  day, 
which  that  I  ha  take  away 
fro  this  place  here  present, 


who  dwelt 
7  years  in 
Egypt, 


and  is  sent 
away  by 
Glace  nieu. 


[leaf  29  J,  bk.] 


640  Grace  Dieu  sends  vie  to  the  Cellared-  'Purveyance.' 

Grace  Dieu    '  I  dide  [it]  ooiily  o£  entent  23876 

that  other  folk  shold  it  possede, 
which  (bothe  in  wark  and  ek  in  dede,) 
lede  her  lyf  in  pe?'fitnesse, 

In  vertu,  and  more  holynesse  23880 

than  thei  which  that  her  now  be. 

'  and  touchyng  that  thou  askest  me, 
Thou  shalt  haue  answere  therof  noon, 
bids  me  goto  but  fiist,  I  charge  the  to  goon  23884 

the  Cellarer,  .  „,    - 

to  hir  that  is  the  belerere 

of  this  place  that  stondeth  here ; 

aske  hir  (that  thou  mayst  conceyve) 

touchyng  the  good  she  doth  receyve,  23888 

to  telle  the  playnly  al  the  guyse, 

how  it  is  spent,  and  in  what  wyse. 

and,  hir  to  knowe  among  hem  alle, 
•Purvey-        *  Purvcyaunce '  folk  hir  calle.  23892 

and  whan  she  hath  declared  al, 

thou  shalt  haue  (in  special) 

of  the  demau?«de  (by  good  resou??) 

a  true  Declaraciouw,  23896 

as  it  accordeth  and  is  dwe. 
She  will  never       'and  fortli  my  Some?*s  I  wil  swe: 

return  '' 

for,  in  this  place,  on  no  syde, 

I  caste  me  no  lenger  to  abyde  ;  23900 

nor  neuere  (to  speke  in  wordes  playn) 
to  the  Con-      hider^  to  retoume  agayn,  [Mietbarst.] 

vent  till  '^    "^     ' 

Virtue  again    til  the  tymc  that  I  may  se 

reigns  there. 

that  vertu  and  honeste  [stowe,  leaf  370,  back]   23904 

Eesorte  by  deuoci'ouw 
Into  thys  Eeligiou/i.' 
[leaf  295]  And  witli  that  word,  (as  I  was  war,) 

—    '^"'"'   I  saugh  hir  gon  in-to  hir  char,  23908 

GmcG  Dieu 

departs  in       and  iu  tHs  wliilc  (of  good  entent, 

her  L-hariot. 


lich  to  hir  comandement) 


I  eo  to  the       I  wente  with  a  sobre  chere, 

Cellarer,  ^     ^       ' 

forth  vnto  the  celere[re].  23912 

and,  my  iourne  to  avaunce, 

I  knewe^  hir  by  hir  contenaunce ;  [« knew  st.,  knowe  c] 
for  (the  trouthe^  to  expresse)  [nrouthc] 


Everything  given  to  Convents  is  ivasied  and  spent.  641 


23920 


23923 


['  playu  troutli  C,  playn 
trutlie  Sc] 


She  was  of  gret  sobrenesse, 
of  gret  reuerence  and  lioneste, 
and  of  gret  maturyte ; 
saad  of  look,  and  ek  of  cher, 
Egle-eyed',  bryght  and  cler. 

[The  Pilgrim] : 
"Ma  dame,"  q?iod  I,  "  of  good  entent, 
Grace  Dieu  hath  to  you  sent, 
that  ye  sholde  (in  wordes  fewe) 
the  playne  trouthe^  to  me  shewe, 
wher  ye  putte  the  rychesse 
that  ye  receyve,  in  sothfastnesse." 

Celerar :  ^  [^  st.,  after  i.  23928,  om.  c] 

And  she  that  spak  no  word  in  vyyn, 
to  me  answerd  thus  agayn ;  23928 

*  al  that  I  haue  in  my  depos, 
from  hir  ther  shal  nothyng  be  clos. 
Kome  forth  in  hast,  and  folwe  me, 

and  thou  shalt  the  trouthe^  se.'  [nroutirc,  truthe  St.]  23932 

and  I  cam  after  (for  the  best), 
and  she  gan  vnlokke  a  chest, 
the  whiche,*  whan  I  dede  se, 
I  gan  gretly  abasshe  me, 
for  the  huchche  (it  is  no  doute) 
was  ful  of  holes  round  aboute ; 
and  at  ech  hole  (as  thoughts^  me) 
an  hand  put  out,  I  dide  se, 
(who^-so  euere  slepe  or  wake) 
Redy  to  receyve  and'^  take. 

Pilgrim  :  ^    [Blank  for  Illumination.'] 
I  prayed  her,  to  specifye 
what  thyng  it  dede  signefye.  23944 

Celerar :  ^  [9  st.,  ovi.  c] 

*  To  telle,  and  voiden  al  deceyt, 
this  the  place  of  the  receyt 

of  goodes,  which  that,  day  and  nyght, 

kome  to  this  place  of  verray  ryght,  23948 

(forto  speke  in  general,) 

but  this  handes  consumen  al, 

Spende  and  Avaste  on  euery  syde,         [stowe,  leaf  371] 

PILGRIMAGE.  T  T 


23916      The  Pilgrim. 


[*  whiclie  St.,  which  C] 


23936 


[5  thought  C,  thowglit  St.] 

23940 

[6  wher  C,  who  St.] 
U  and  St.,  and  to  C] 

[8  St.,  om.  C] , 


and  ask  her 


where  she 

puts  the 

goods  given 

her. 

Providence, 
the  Cellarer, 


She  bids  me 
follow  her 


to  a  chest, 
full  of  holes 
with  hands 
stretching 
out  of  em. 


[leaf  295,  bk.] 


The  Pilgrim. 


This  place  is 
the  Receipt 
of  Goods. 


Everything 
that  comes  in 
is  consumed 
by  the 
riauds: 


G4.2 


The  three  Hands  that  grab  the  Church's  goods. 


The  Cellarer, 
Providence. 

nothing  is 
left  for  the 
poor. 
The  Pilgrim. 


Providence, 
the  Cellarer. 


The  Hands 

tliat  take 
Church  goods 
are: 


1.  The  liand 
of  Dimes,  or 
Tenths  for 
tlie  kingi 


[leaf  296] 

2.  that  of  the 
Collector  for 
trentals, 
bulls,  con- 
tributions, 
etc. 


The  Hands 
waste  the 
(foods  of 
holy  church. 


3.  The  Hand 
with  an  Kye 
in  it 


is  that  of  the 
Visitor, 


[2  St.,  om.  C] 


[G-ij/llable  linel    239G0 


'  that  ther  may  no  thyng  abyde,  23952 

for  to  departe  by  almesse 

to  folk  that  liven  in  distresse.' 

Pilgrim  :  ^  [^  st.,  om.  c] 

"  Ma  dame,"  quod  I,  "as  semeth  me, 
ye  sholde,  of  ryght  and  equyte,  23956 

The  handes  kerve,  and  kutte  away, 
and  stoppe  the  holes  nyght  and  day." 

Provide[n]s  Celerar :  ^ 
Quod  Providence  anoon  to  me, 
'  Thes,  ben  the  handes  thre, 
which  that  theves  (by  assent) 
ar  wont  to  vsen  (of  entent), 
I  menii,  pyratys  of  the  Se, 
which  brynge  folk  in  pouerte. 

'  The  fii'st  hand  of  alle  thre, 
ys  called  (lerne  this  of  me,) 
'  the  hand  of  Dymes,'  by  gadryng, 
To  gadre  vp  dynies  for  the  kyng. 

'  the  tother  hand,  ful  sore  pulles 
gold  for  trentals  and  for  bulles, 
and  dyuers  subuenciou?is 
and  grevous  contribuciou72S, 
g?*aunted  (in  especial) 
at  Chipytres^  general, 
the  handes  do  no  thyng,  nor  werche, 
but  waste  the  good  of  holy  cherche.' 

Pilgrim :  * 
"What  hand  is  that  (telle  on,  let  Se,) 
Which  hath  an  Eye  (as  thynketh  me,) 
Sett  in  the  myddes  of  the  hand? 

for  I  saugh  neuere  (on  Se  nor  land)  23980 

Such  another  her-toforn, 
Sith  the  tyme  that  I  was  born." 

Providens  : '"  U"  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Be  nat  astonyed,  neuere  a  del ! 

this  hand  is  (who  so  loke  wel,)  23984 

of  our  noble  Visitour, 
Which  doth  his  peyiie  and  his  labour 
to  looke  for  lucre  and  fals  guerdon;?. 


23964 


23968 


23972 


[»  chiipters  St.] 


23976 


[*  St.,  om.  C] 


Church  Visitors  seek  Money,  not  Right.   I  meet  Ajwstasy.   G43 


The  Cellarer, 
Providence. 


[land  St.]    23992 

wlio  always 
looks  for 
lucre, 

and  not  for 
mending 
wrong. 

[<j-si/llable  li.ne'i 

So  we  are 

23996 

very  poor. 

The  Pilgrim. 

[leaf  296,  bk.] 
and  meet  an 
old  woman, 


'  alvvay,  for  retribuciou?*,  23988 

they  caste  her  eye  for  wynnyiig, 

and,  ryglit  nought  for  amendyng ; 

take  (in  their  entenci'oiwis,) 

pans  for^  p?-ocuraciouns. 

ther  entent,  in  no  wyse, 

ys  sett  on  ryght  nor  on  iustice. 

'  ek  other  handes,  mo  than  thre, 
han  cast  vs  in  gret  poue/'te.' 

[The  Pilgrim:] 

With  that  word,  makyng  no  delay, 
I  took  my  leve  and  wente  away.^  [stowe,  leaf  371,  back] 
I  hadde  no  leve,  (shortly  to  telle,)         ['  my  way  st.j 
but  shop  me  horn  to  my  castel.  24000  i  go  away, 

And  on  my  waye,^  me  be-fel,  [^  way  c,  st.] 

\No  gap  in  either  MS.'\ 
I  mette  an  olde  oon  in  that  tyde, 
that  to  me  kam  on  the  left  syde,  24004 

Of  whos  look  I  was  affrayed' : 
hir  handes  pa?-tid,  and  displayed' 
vpward  to  a  castel  wal, 

resemblyng  (as  me  thought  in  al)  24008 

That  hir  entent  was  to  ascende 
vpon  the  wal,  or  to  descende. 

a  blak  Eavoun*  (it  is  no  doute,)  ['ravyn  st.] 

took  his  flyght  ful  round  aboute,  24012 

"Wher-so-euere  tliat  she  went. 
and  I  knewh  nothyng  what  it'ment ; 

[BlanJc  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination.'] 
But  I  caste,  withynne  a  throwe, 

playnly  that  I  wolde^  knowe,       [5  woid  c,  would  St.]  24016 
of  al  thys  thyYig  som  evidence ; 
and  wente  a-noon  to  hir  presence, 
and  first  of  al,  I  gau  enquere, 

to  telle  me  what  she  dide  there ;  •  24020 

of  name  and  of  condiciou?^ 
Make  a  declaraciou??. 

Apostacye  :  ^  [^  St.,  om.  c] 

Q?iod  she, '  yef  thou  konne  espye, 
I  am  called  '  Apostacye,'  24024 


with  a  black 
Raven  flying 
round  her. 


I  ask  who 

she  is. 


Apoatasif. 
She  is  'Apo- 


G41      Apostasy  acts  like  Noah's  Raven;   she  doesn't  rdnrn. 


Apottatv. 


who  set  her 
hand  to  the 
plough, 

[leaf  297] 
but  turnd 
back 

to  worldly 
vanity. 


She  often 
meant  to  turn 


hack  to  the 
King, 


but  the  Raven 
stopt  her. 


with  his  cry 
of  eras,  eras ! 


As  the  raven 
retnriul  not 
again  to 
Noah, 


*  which  whilom,  of  entenciouw,  ' 

made  my  p^'ofessiouw, 

In  al  my  beste^  feythful  wyse,  ['  hest  c,  st.]. 

for  to  ha  do^  truely  seruyse  [^  done  St.]  24028 

duryng  my  lif,  vnto  the  kyng 

that  is  most  myghty  of  werkyng.  \?  piughe  St.] 

'  I  sette  myn  hand'  vnto  the  plough  j^  24031 

But  I  haue  hym  falsed'  ynough,*       [* ynughe  St.,  nough  c] 
tourned  the  bak  (as  thou  mayst  se) 
vnto  wordly^  vanyte,  p  worldly  st.] 

left  myn  homage,  trouth  and  al, 

and  am  kome  dou»  ouere  the  wal  24036 

for  vayn  glorie  (out  of  doute) ; 
In  many  countre  xouwq^'  aboute,  [« round  .St.] 

of  entent,  for  to  purchaas 
prosperite  and  vayn  solas.  24040 

'  and  yet  fill  ofte  (in  many  caas,) 
myn  entent  and  purpos  was, 
fro  worldly  glorie,  fals  and  vayn, 
to  haue  tourned  hom'''  agayn,  ["  ?  ms.,  hem  c,  them  St.]  24044 
and  amended  my  livyng 
In  the  sfruyse  of  the  kyng  ; 
but  truely  (it  is  no  nay) 
the  Ptavoun^  was  eue.-e  in  my  way.' 

Pilgrini :  ® 
"  Truely,  and  thou  dedest  wel, 
thou  sholdest  lette  neuere  a  del 
for  to  delaye  so  thy  paas. 
thaugh  that  he  crye  on  the,  '  eras,  eras 
thou  sholdest^*'  remembre  the  among*,    ['"  shuist  St.] 
and  take  noon  hede  vnto  his  song*." 

Apostasie :  ^^ 
'  The  trouthe^^  forto  speeifye, 
I  folwe,  in^^  nayn  Apostasye, 
In  my  passage  vp  and  dou?i, 
the  Ravenes  condiciouw, 
that  whilom  was  of  Noe  sent 

out  of  the  -arke,  of  entent  24060 

to  beholden  how  it  stood', 
of  the  delude  and  the  flood' 


[Stowe,  le-ifSTSl 

[3  rave.i  St.]    24048 
[9  St.,  om.  C.l 


24052 


[)'  St.,  om.  C] 
[12  troutli  0.,  truthe  St.] 

[13  in,  o»i.  St.]    24056 


Noah's  Raven  calls '  Cras/  to-mooroiv :  so  Apostasy  delays.   G45 


24064 


[c.&st.]  24068 


[i  spend  C]    24072 

[2  St.,  om.  C] 


24076 


Apottasy. 


[leaf  297,  bk.] 

so  Apostasy 
ieturiis_not 
af;ain, 
but  always 
sings  Cras, 
to-morrow. 


The  Pilgrim. 


'  boyllyng  with  many  sturdy  wawe ; 
Wher  the  water  gan  withdrawe. 

'  but  the  Raven  fond'  a  kareyn  ; 
therfore  he  cam  not  agayn, 
and  I  stonde  in  the  same  caas, 
abyde,  and  synge  alway  '  eras,  eras,' 
makyng  many  fals  delayes, 
and  prolonge  forth  my  dayes, 
forto  Eesorten  horn  ageyn, 
and  spende^  thus  my  tyme  in  veyn.' 

Pilgrim :  ^ 
"  Thy  werkes  (yef  I  shal  not  tarye) 
ben  vnhappy  and  contrarye ; 
and  thyn  handiis,  botlie  two, 
ben  ype^'ced  jjorugh  silso. 
greyn  nor  frut,  vpon)  no  syde^ 
In  no  wyse  wyl  abyde ; 
for  shortly  (who  so  list  to  sek) 

al  goth  thorugh,  and  wasteth  ek.^    [s  seUe . .  eke  stj  24080 
Who-so-eue/'e  the  trouthe  atame, 
thy  tonge  is  dampued,  and  ek  lame, 
that  it  may  seyn  noon  orisou?*, 
nor  make  no  supplicaciou??, 
Which  sholde  ben  acceptable 
vnto  that  kyng  most  honoi^rable. 
he  is  not  plesed,  (on  noo  syde,) 

Whil  in  this  staat  thou  dost  abyde,  24088 

and  hast  no  purpos  to  Rctourne,*      [+ for  to  toum  st.j 
but  in  the  world  dost  ay  soio^i/'ne." 

Apostacie :  ^ 
'  Truiily,  to  thy  sentence 
I  may  yeve  ful  credence  ; 
for  Seynt  Poule  hym-silfii^  saith, 
(to  whom,  men  must  yeve  fayth, 
and  ful  beleve  to  his  word,)  [stowe,  leaf  372,  back] 

'  who  is  not  withynne  shippes^  bord,    ['syppesst.]  24096   he  who  is 

not  within 

stant  in  perail  of  Perysshyng,  the  ship, 

stands  in 
danger  of 
drowning. 


Her  tongue 
says  no 
prayer  or 
supplication 
24084     acceptable 
to  the  Kinj;. 


[^  St.,  om.  C] 


24092 


[SselfeSt.,  silfC] 


Apostasy. 


As  St.  Paul 
saith. 


and  on  the  poynt  of  his  drownyng,' 
fel  fer  from  his  savaciouM, 
ft'or  lakkyng  of  discrcciou/«. 


24100        [leaf  298] 


G4G    I  tell  Apostasy  to  return.    Age  and  Sickness  come  to  me. 


She  doubts 
whether,  if 
she  returnd 
to  God, 
she  would 
find  grace. 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  assure  lier 
that  she  will 
find  grace. 


if  she  will 
devoutly  fix 
her  heart  on 
God, 


Then  I  go 
home 


and  relate 
all  I  have 
seen. 


[leaf  298,  bk.] 

Two  Messen- 
gers, '  Age ' 
and  'Sick- 
ness,' come 
to  me. 


'  and  I  wot  wel,  for  my  pa/'tye, 
I  issed^  out  tliorugh  my  folye  ; 
Wlierfore  I  stonde  in  nonecerteyn, 
yef  I  retourned  horn  ageyn, 
wlier  I  sholdc  gracii  haue, 
therby  my  soule  for^  to  save.' 

Pilgrim :  ^ 
"  ne  doute  the  nat  to  tourne  ageyn, 
but  be  therof  ryght  wel  certeyn, 
That  of  grace  thou  shalt  not  faille, 
So  that  thou  make  a''  stoupaille 
of  the  hooles  that  open^  be 
in  thyn  handes  (as  thou  maist  se), 
this  to  mene,  in  sentement, 
that  playn  and  hool  be  thyn  entent, 
grounded  on  perfecciou?i ; 
and  that,  by  gret  deuocTouM, 
that  thou  make  thyn  herte  stable, 
and  of  entent  not  variable, 
look  her-to  on  euery  syde, 
for  I  may  no  lenger  abyde, 
for,  I  castij  me  a-noon, 
horn  to  my  castel  forto  goon, 
and  by  the  nextii  waye^  wende, 
and  ther,  vnto  my  lives  ende, 
abiden  in  the  same  place, 
lik  as  god  wil  yeve  me  g?"rtce." 

and  whan  I  was  kome  horn  ageyn, 
of  al  that  eue/'e  I  had  seyn, 
I  made  playn  RelaciouM 
to  folk  of  that  EeligiouM  ; 
and  afterward  (I  you  ensure,) 
ther  fel  a  wonder  aventure, 
the  whichii,'^  whan  I  dede  adue;'te, 
yt  liked'  nothyng*  to  myn  herte  : 
I  saw  tweyne  olde  (by  assent,) 
Kome  to  me  of  oon  entent. 
Wonder  dyuers  of  her  cheres  ; 
and  bothe  two  wer  massageres  :  ^ 
the  toon  of  hem  (I  was  Avel  war) 


[1  yswyd  St.] 


24104 


[»  for  St.,  om.  C] 
[3  .St.,  om.  C] 


24108 


[«  a  om.  St.] 
[5  St.,  aiwil  C] 


24112 


24116 


24120 


[«  St.,  next  way  C] 


24124 


24128 


24132 

[7  which  C,  whiche  St.] 


[St.  &  C] 


24136 


[8  messengers  St., 
massager  C] 


Affe  and  Sickness  come  from  Death,  to  warn  me. 


G-t7 


[Stowe,  leaf  27SJ 
['  commiiig  St.,  couwuiiif;  C] 

24144 


Affe and 
Sidcnest. 


on  the  part 
of  Death, 


Vpon  hir  bak,  a  bed  she  bar ;  24140    The  puarim. 

The  tother  (if  I  shal  not  feyne) 

bar  also,  pateutl-'s  tweyne  ; 

the  toon  also,  in  hir  com?«yng,^ 

gird  with  a  baudrek,  for  wrastelyng 

In  their  comyng  I  fonde  gret  lak, 

and  evene  thus  to  me  they  spak  : 

Age  &  Sicklies  :  -  [» st.,  om.  c] 

'  deth,'  (]uod  they,  '  hath  to  th6  sent 
bothe  vs  tweyne,  of  entent,  24148 

pleynly  to  the  to  declare, 
that  hym  self  ne  wil  not  spare 
forto  come  to  the  anoon; 

and  bad,  aforn  we  sholdii^  goon,  [' shoid c, shuui st.]  24152 
and  done  our  fulle  besynesse, 
with  al  our  myghte,  the  to  opp/-ese,*  1^*  tap^pS'c  J" 
and  not  departe  fro  the  at  al, 

til  thou  be  cast,  and  haue  a  fal,  24156 

that  he  may,  at  his  com??«yng*, 
fyndii  the,  by  our  workyng^, 
So  awhaped*  and  amat, 
that  he  may  seyn  to  the,  *  chek  mat.' '  24160 

Pilgrim  :  ^    [Blank  for  Illumination.]    i'  St.,  om.  c] 
Quod  I,  "declareth  vnto  me, 
ffirst  of  alle,  what  ye  be. 
I  knowe  not  your  gouernaunce  ; 

With  deth  I  ha  non  aqueyntaunce ;  24164 

and  yef  that  he  be  your  maystresse, 
I  pj'rty  you,  first,  that  ye  exp?'esse 
your  office,  and  your  se/*uyse, 
and  your  names  doth  devyse."  24168 

Age  &  Sicknes  :  "^  [« st..  om.  c] 

Quod  they,  '  it  wer  not  but  in  veyn, 
With  vs  to  stry ve,  or  wynse  ageyn  ; 
for,  ther  is  noon'''  so  hardy,  u  "one  St.] 

so  wys,  so  Riche,  so  myghty,  24172 

that  may,  by  force  nor^  allye,  [Sw-st.] 

holden  with  vs  Champartye. 

'  for  deth  hath  had,  ful  yore  agoon, 
lordshipe  of  folkes  euerychoonj  24176 


and  Hay  thnt 
)ie  will  soon 
follow, 
and  check- 
mate me. 


[leaf  299] 

I  have  no 
acquaintance 
with  Death. 

I  ask  who 
they  are. 


They  say 
it  is  in  vain 


to  strive  with 
one  so  mighty 
as  Death, 

who  is  Ruler 
of  every  one, 


G48 


Death  warns  me  that  I  cannot  escape  him. 


Age  and 
Siekiieas. 

and  is  more 
feard  by  lords 
and  kings 


than  the  poor, 
who  often 
wish  to  be 
dead. 


neath  has 
sent  to  warn 
me  that  I 
shall  not 
escape  him. 


SieJinets. 

The  Messen- 
gers are 
'Sickness' 
and  *  Old 
[leaf  299,  bk.] 
Age." 


And  tho' 
Medicine, 


with  her 
drinks 


and  apothe- 
caries' stuff, 
saves  folk  for 
a  time. 


yet  Sickness 
and  Death 
have  the 
mastery  in 
the  end. 


'  for,  who  considereth  alle  thynges, 
Drad  more  of  lordes  and  of  kynges 
than  of  folkes  (who  list  se) 
which  that  duellen  in  poue/-te. 
for  pore  folk  that  lakke  ^  bret^, 
desire  ful  ofte^  to  ben  decP. 

'  and,  yef  thou  aryght  behold', 
vnto  deth  thou  art  yhokl', 
that  he,  toforn^  hath  to  the  sent ; 
for  ofte,  without  avisement 
he  cometh  to  folkes  vnwarly, 
and  hem  assailleth  sodeynly, 
though  the  contrary  had  sworn, 
but,  he  hath  vs  sent  to-forn, 
as  massagers*  to  warnii  the; 
from  his  power  thou  mayst^  not  fle ; 
and  ech  of  vs  (withoute  blame) 
Shal  declare  the  his  name.' 

[Sekenesse :] 

The  firste^  to  me  dede  exp7'esse : 
qtwd  she,  '  my  name  is  Sekenesse. 
helthe  and  I,  but  litel  space 
May  abiden  in  0  place. 
we  wrastlen  ofte  (as  men  may  se) ; 
som  while  she  venquyssheth  me, 
and,  som  tyme,''  in  certeyn, 
I  over-throwe  hir  ageyn, 
make  hir  for  to  boAve  hir  chyne. 
and,  ne  were^  that  medicyne 
ys  cause  that  she  doth  releve, 
my  sayllyng  shold  hir  often  greve. 
but,  maugre  hir  potaciouws 
and  dyuerse  confecc'iouws, 
and  other  sondry  lettuaryes 
Maked  at  the  potycaryes, — 
bothe  emplastres  drye  and  moystes, 
and  oynementes  put  in  boystes, — 
yet  deth  and  I  (who  lyst  espye) 
Haue,  at  the  laste,^  the  maystryc. 

*  first  I  souke  vp  (for  the  nones) 


24180 


[1  lak  C,  lake  St.] 
[2  desyr  ofte  for  St.] 


24184 


[3  to  toforn  C] 


24188 


[Stowe,  leaf  273,  back] 
[*  messengers  St.] 

[5  may  St.]    24192 


[«  first  C,  St.] 


24196 


[St.  &  C] 


24200 


["  some  tym  St.] 


[8  ware  St.,  wer  C]    24204 


24208 


24212 


[9  last  C,  St.] 


Holu  Sickness  trouUes  Folk,  and  makes  them  Repent.      G49 


[»  ys  cally  St.]    24220 


24224 

[3  St.,  om.  C] 

[*  messenger  St.] 

[5  ahold  C,  shuld  St.] 

[6  St.,  om.  C] 

i^  this  St.] 

24228 


Sickness 
sucks  up 
folks'  mar- 
row 


and  vital 
power ; 


The  PUgrim, 


but  slie  gives 
sick  folk 
time  for 
repentance, 
[leaf  300] 


*  the  mary  closed  in  the  bones,  24216      sicknet». 
and  (wher  that  it  be  bad  or  good,) 
waste^  the  flessh,  and  drynke  the  blooc?;  [» wast  St.,  baste  C] 
And  thus  my  silf,  I  consume  al 
the  vertn  that  called'  is^  '  vital ' ; 
and  at  the  last  (who  list  knowe,) 
ley  hym  in  a  bed  ful  lowe, 
That  deth  may  (withouten  stryf) 
a-noon  bereve  hym  of  his  lyf.* 

Pilgrim :  ^ 
"  Sothly,  thou  art  no  massagere,* 
to  whom  men  sholde^  make  chere." 

Scenes : ^ 

*  ffor  sothe,  yis/  (who  taketh  hede,) 
folk  ar  holde  to  me  in  dede ; 
for,  sike  folkes  to  avaunce, 
I  make  hem  to  ha  repentaunce 
Whan  she  was  put  out  of  mynde, 
and  therby,  a  mene  fynde, 
that  folkes,  by  contriciouw, 
may  come  to  their  savaciouw ; 
for  proudest  folkes,  (as  I  gesse,) 
I  chastysii  with  Seknesse.^ 

'  and  first,  I  haue  gret  delit, 
from  hem  to  take  their  appetit ; 
their  ,v.  wittes  and  Eesoun,  [five] 

I  be-reve  hem,  vp  and  doun,  24240 

make  (as  thou  shalt  vnderstonde,) 
folk  so  feble,  thei  may  not  stonde. 

*  and  we  be  come  to  the  bly  ve, 
with  the  to  wrastlen  and  to  stryve.'  24244 

Pilgrim:*'  [9st.,om.c.] 

"  Or  ye  to  me  don  eny  shame, 
let  me  first  knowen  the  name 
of  the  tother  massager,^''  P  messenger  St.] 

That  loketh  with  so  fel  a  cher."  24248 

Sicknes  :  ^^  F  st.,  om.  c] 

*  I  graunte  wel  she  shal  the  telle, 
yef  thou  wilt  a  while  ^^  duelle.'       ['^  whii  c,  whiii  St.] 

Age  :  ^^  P  St.,  om.  c] 


24232 


[8  sycknesse  St.]    24236 
[Stowe,  leaf  371] 


Tlieir  appe- 
tite is  lost 
first; 

tlien  the  5 
senses,  then 
reason. 


The  Pilgrim. 


I  ask  who  the 
2nd  Messen- 
ger is. 


Old  Age. 


650     Old  Age,  JDcatJis  Courier,  hrings  mc  two  Summonses. 


Old  Age. 


She  is 'Old 
Age,' 


wlio  plucks 
tlie  fresli 
feathers  of 
Youth, 


and  is  the 
Courier  of 
Death. 

[leaf  300,  bk.] 


Her  empty 
skin 


and  shriveld 
visage  show 
she  is  old. 


But  she 
excels  in 
knowledge. 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  bid  her  tell 
nie  wliiit  her 
Patents  are, 
and  then  go. 


24260 


[}  knowne  St.] 
[♦  St.]    [5  messenger  St.] 

242G5 

[«  message  St.] 
['  trouih  C,  truthe  St.] 

242G8 


Qtiod  she,  '  of  folktis  that  ben  sage, 

I  am  of  custom  called  'Age,'  24252 

Contrarioiis  (as  it  is  kouth) 

to  hir  that  is  ycalled'  Youth, 

which  whilom  had  (thou  myghtest^  se)  [imaystst.] 

fresshe  fetheres  for  to  fle.  24256 

but  Age  hath  plukked'  hem  away, 

that  vnnethe-  gon  I  may  ;  [» vnneth  c,  vnnethe  St.] 

my  fet  be  now  (who  taketli  hede) 

hevy  as  they  were  of  lede  ; 

I  may  not  gon,  but  with  labour, 

and  yet  of  Deth  I  am  corour, 

knowe^  in  Couwtres  fer  and  ner. 

*  And^  who  that  is  a  massager,'' 
"Wher  he  holdeth  his  passage, 
mut  do  truely  his  massage," 
and  the  trouthe'^  telle  of  ryght. 

'  I  am  vnweldy,  and  not  lyglit ; 
and  (to  speke  in  wordiis  fewe,) 
myn  empty  skyn  doth  wel  .shewe 
Avhat  that  I  am ;  and  ouer  more, 

thou  mayst  se,  by  my  lokkes  hore,  24272 

and  by  ryvels  of '^  my  visage,  p  in  st.] 

How  that  I  am  called  '  Age,' 

of  whom,  folkes  that^  discerne,    [» folk  that  c,  foike  that  st.] 
may  ful  many  thynges  lerne.  24276 

*  though  that  wasted'  be  my  blood', 
I  ha  seyn  bothe  evel  and  good ; 
Preved'  (if  I  shal  not  feyne) 

ende  and  gynnyng  of  bothe  tweyne.  24280 

age,  in  konnyug^  doth  excelle ; 

who  muche  seth,  can  muche  telle  : 

no  man  in  komiyng'  (this,  the  chef,)  24283 

withoute^*'  syght  may  ha  no  pref.'  ['» without  c,  withe  out  St.] 

Pilgrim  :  ^^  ["  st- «»».  c] 

"  To  here  now,  myn  entent  is,       [stowe,  leaf  374,  back] 
what  betokne  thi  patentes ; 
and  after  that,  make  no  delay, 
but  take  thy  leve,  and  go  thy  way."  24288 

Age:^-  L'^St.,om.C.] 


Old  Age  loill  guide  me  to  Dmth.     Her  two  Patents.      651 


'wher-so  it  like  the,  or  displese, 

I  wil  abiden  at  myn  ease, 

And  fro  this  place  not  retourne, 

but  eue/'e  in  on  with  th^^  soiourne.       [i  the  om.  c,  we  St.] 

I  may  not  parte  lyghtly  a-way,  24293 

as  Youthe  dede  this  other  day. 

She  th^2  forsook  (in  verray  dede)  [» the  ow.  St.] 

whan  thou  haddest  to  hir  most  nede ;  24296 

she  went  hir  way,  and  took  hir  flyght, 

and  fled  a-noon  out  of  thy  syght ; 

caste  hir  neuere  to  come  ageyn : 

to  looken  after,  wer  but  veyn.  24300 

but  I,  be  leyser  mut  abyde, 

16 ward  dethe^  to  be  thyguyde;  "^^  •7eaUie'st?]"  *°"'^'''^ 

for,  til  deth  come,  I  vndertake 

that  I  shal  the  not  forsake.  24304 

'  I  haue  doon  my  besy  peyne. 
to  brynge  the  patentee  ■*  tweyne,         [♦  patents  c,  st.] 
oonly  of  fauour,  for^  thy  best ;  [^  to  st.] 

ther-vp-ou  that  thou  mayst  reste,  24308 

and  of  noon  entenciouri 
to  take  fro  the  thy  bordou7J : 
to  the,  bothe  may  availle. 

'and,  for  mor  suer  sowpewaille,^  [« supewnyie St.]  24312 
to  the  bordou7i  spiritual, 
a  staf  is  nedf  ul,  temporal : 

Euerych  of  hem  with-oute ''  wene,  V  out  c,  St.] 

the  tother  must  of  ryght  sustene  ;  24316 

for  whan  the  to  part  dou7i  doth  falle, 
help  of  the  tother  he  must  calle, 
yef  hym  list  hym-self  assure. 

but  thou  ne  shalt  not^  Avel  endure  [s  not,  ow.  c,  St.]  24320 
the  felle  assautes  of  vs  tweyne ; 
for,  we  ue  shal  no  lenger  feyne, 
but  (for  short  conclusiou/*) 
ber  the  to  the  Erthe  a-douw.'  24324 

Pilgrim :  ^  [=•  st.,  om.  c] 

And  bothe  tweyne,  with  a  brayd*, 
vpon  a  bed  they  ha  me  layd', 
for  they  wolde  not  of  me  faille, 


Old  Age. 
She  8uys 


ahe'lt  stay 
with  lue. 


[leaf  SOI] 


till  De;\th 
comes. 


She  has 
bi'ouglit  me 
2  Patents  to 
rest  on. 


as  a  temporal 
staff  is 
needed,  as 
well  as  a 
spiritual  one. 


But  she  says 
I  shall  not 
endure  the 
assaults  of 
lier  and 
Sickness. 


The  Pilgrim. 


They  lay  me 
on  a  bed. 


G52 


Lady  Mercy  will  lead  mc  to  the  Infirmary. 


The  PUprim. 


[leaf  301,  bk.J 


Then  the 
lady  Mercy, 


•  Misericord," 
comes  to  me, 
with  one 
breast  bare, 
to  give  me 
milic,  and  a 
Cord 


to  puU  me 
up. 


Mercy. 

Slie  bids  me 
rise  and  fol- 
low her  to 


the  Infir- 
mary. 


Mercy. 

[leaf  302] 
Stie  tells  me 
lier  occupa- 
tion. 

When  Judges 
give  sentence. 


ther  tabyde,  til  deth  assaille. 

And^  in  distresse  and  gret  affray, 

vpoii  the  bed  whil  I  thus  lay, 

I  myghte^  tho  no  f either  gou, 

to  me  a  lady  cam  a-noon, 

with  ful  many  noble  signe, 

of  cher  and  lok,  ful  benigne, 

(I  dar  ryght  wel  record',) 

Whos  name  was  '  Myserycord' ; 

oon  of  hir  brestes  opoii  was, 

to  yeve  me  mylk  in  such  a  caas. 

And  also  (as  I  was  war,) 

me  sempte  that  a  corde  she  bar, 

to  bynden  hay  (so  thoughte^  me) 

and,  of  mercy  and  pyte, 

to  me  that  lay,  like  a  wrecche. 

She  gan  hir  corde  abrood  to  strecche ; 

\Bla7ili  111  MS.  for  an  Illumi'tuotion.'] 
And  ful  goodly,  with  that  sygne, 
to  me  she  sayd  with  cher  benygne  : 
Mysericord :  * 

'  Eys  a-noon,  and  sue  me, 

for  by  thy  cher,  I  do  wel  se 

that  thou  art  feblycJ^  of  thy  myght, 

and  thou  list  not  her  a-ryght ; 

Wherfore  I  wil  the  fostre  and  guye, 

and  lede  the  to  the  fermerye.' 
Pilgrim  :  ^ 

Qiiod  I,  "  that  were  ful  glad  to  me. 

But,  for  I  wot  not  what  ye  be, 

I  pray  you  with  ful  humble  cher, 

your  name,  that  ye  wil  me  lere." 
Misericord :  ^ 

*  My  name,  yef  it  be  conceyved, 

I  ought  wel  to  ben  receyued, 

for,  whan  luges,  for  offence 

ban  yoved'®  hir  sentence, 

I  do  my  peyne  and  my  labour, 

of  lustice  and  of  Eigour 

forto  do  remissiou??, 


24328 

[I  St.] 

[Stowe,  leaf  375] 
[2  myght  St.,  C]    24332 


24336 


24340 

[S  thought  C,  St.] 


24344 


[*  St.,  om.  C] 


24348 


[5  feble  St.] 


24352 


[6  St.,  om.  C] 


24356 


[7  St.,  om.  C] 


[8  have  gyven  C]    243G0 


Mercy  made  God  set  the  Rainlow  in  the  Sides,  for  Peace.    G53 


*  and  make  a  iiiittigacioure 
(as  folkes  may  ful  wel  disce^-ne). 
'  for  whan  the  kyng  that  is  ete/'ne,^ 


24364  Mercy. 


[>  eterne  St.,  sterne  C] 


[2  yove  C,  gyven  St.] 


24368 


[s  and  St.,  on  C] 


24372 


24376 


had  yoven-  in  sentement 

a  ful  dredful  lugement 

of  Adam  and^  the  lynage, 

forto  deye  for  their  outrage, 

I  cam  to  hym  ful  humblely, 

and  p7'ayed  hym  ful  benygnely, 

the  myghty  kyng  celestial, 

not  forto  distruyen  al ; 

hut  that  he  wold,  in  his  grevaunce, 

modefyen  his  vengeaunce, 

and  to  with-drawe  his  lugement. 

*  and  his  bowe  that  was  bent, 
I  made  hym  drawe  of  the  corde, 

and,  for  sygnes*  of  Concorde,       [*  sygns  c,  sygne  St.]  24380 

Sette  it  in  the  heven  alof te ; 

and  (as  men  may  se  ful  ofte) 

In  tookne  of  pes,  and  not  of  wrak, 

from  vs  he  toumecf  hath  his  bak,      [stowe,  leaf  375,  back] 

that,  of  his  mercyable  lawe,  24385 

he  may  not  the  bowe  drawe, 

whan  of  mercy  (as  it  is  knowe) 

toward  hym-self  he  drough  the  bowe.  24388 

*  whan  he,  for  our  Inyquyte, 
dyed  vpoii  the  rode  tre, 

he  bought  our  gilt  so  sore. 

and  vnderstond,  ouer  more, 

vp  nor  doun  (who  loke  wel) 

he  may  not  drawe  it  neuer  a  del. 

for,  of  the  bowe  the  discord', 

vnderstonde  by  the  corcP  : 

I  made  hem  so  forto  acorde, 

that  called  am  '  Misericorde.' 

for  (yef  thou  dost^  wel  vnderstond!) 

the  stryng  therof  is  in  myn  bond' : 

thou  mayst  behold  it  wel,  and  se ; 

for,  of  mercy  and  of  pyte, 

I  drawe  out  wrccches  from  her  charge, 


she  mitigates 


.  When  God 
sentenst 


Adam  and 
his  chiUlien 
to  death. 


she  prayd 
Hira 


[5  canst  St.] 


to  withdraw 
His  .judg- 
ment; 


and  she  made 

Him 

set  his  r.iin- 

bow  in  the 

heaven, in 

tol^en  of 

peace. 


[jo-gyllable  line] 

[st.&c.]  24392 


24396 


He  drew  tlie 
bow  against 
Himself, 
when  He  died 
on  the  Cross. 


[leaf  302,  bk.] 


She,  Mercy, 
made  the 
bow  and  cord 
agree. 


and  so  her 
name  is 
'Misericord.' 


24400 


Slie  pulls 
wretches  ont 
from  their 
burden. 


G54    Charity  loove  Mercy's  Rcype.   Mercy's  Milk  for  Sinna'S. 


Merci/. 


and  liag 
mercy  on 
them. 


The  Cordeler 
who  wove  the 
Cord  of  Peace 
and  Unity, 


WEB  Charity ; 


and  without 
it  none  may 
ascend  to 
heaven,  for 


by  it  alone 
can  tliey 
climb  up 
there. 


The  PUgrim. 

Why  is  one 
of  your 
breasts  bare  ? 
askt  I. 
[leaf  SOS] 


Mercy. 

Because  you 
have  more 
need  of  ray 
milk  than  of 
gold  or  silver. 


This  milk  is 
Mercy  and 
Pity,  to  help 
sinners. 


'  and  make  hem  go  loos  at  large.  24404 

'  therfore  folkes  alle  acorde 
to  calle  me  '  Misericorde  ' ; 
of  which  (by  declarac'iouw) 

to  make  an  exposiciou/2,  24408 

Misericordi'',  truely 
ys,  on  wrecches  to  han  me?*cy. 

*  thus  my  name  ^  thou  shalt  knowe  ;  [i  this  nam  St.] 
I  drawe  hem  vp,  whan  they  ben  lowe.  24412 

the  cordeler  that  waf^  the  corde  [» wave  St.] 

of  pes,  vnyte,  and  concorde, 
only  on  wrecches  to  han  pyte, 
hyr  name  was  called  '  Chary te.'  24416 

'  and  yef  the  corde  wer  broke  a-sondre, 
ther  is  no  man,  (her  nor  yondre,) 
though  he  euere  dide  his  peyne, 

that  myghte^  to  the  heven  atteyne;  [' myght c, st.]  24420 
for,  by  this  corde  (as  I  the  told') 
alle  Synners  must  hem  hold', 
and  playnly  clymben  vp  therby, 
oonly  of  pyte  and  mercy.'  24424 

Pilgrim  :  *  [*  st.,  om.  cj 

"  lady,  put  me  out  of  doiite, 
why  ha  ye  now  drawen  oute 
Oon  of  your  brestes  fayr  and  Avhyte 
(which  to  behold,  I  me  delyte,)  24428 

like  as  ye  wolde  be  my  bote, 
wasshe  me  with  your  mylk  most  sote  1 " 

Misericord  :  '^  [^  st.,  om.  c] 

'  Truely,'  (]uod  she  '  (yef  ye  take  hede,) 
of  my  mylk  thou  hast  mor  nede  24432 

(yef  the  trouthe  be  iustly  told) 
than  outher  of  siluer,  outher^  of  gold,         [•'orst.] 
or  of  any  p?'ecious  ston, 

forto  rekne  hem  euerychon.  24436 

for  this  mylk  which  thou  dost  se,        [stowe,  leaf  376] 
ys  called  Mercy  and  Pyte, 
alle  Synners  to  sustene  ; 

and  to  releve  hem  in  their  tene,  24440 

it'^  bryngeth  hem  in  rest  and^  pees.      [« &  si;' o,£'c.] 


This  Milk  of  Mercy,  Christ  shed  widely  on  the  Cross.    655 


'  And,  like  as  Aristotiles 
"writte,  that  mylk  is  iiothyng  elles 

(as  alle  Philesophres  telles)  24444 

but  blood,  by  transmutaciouTj 
thoriigh  hete  and  lent^  decocciou??,  [Uj-test.] 

tourned  away  from  his  rednesse 

to  perfection  ?i  of  whytenesse  ;  24448 

and  (to  speke  in  "vvordes  playn) 
this  nomore  forto  sayn, 
that  a  man  that  ys  irons, 

froward  and  malencolious,  24452 

hath  but  red  blood :  and  that  rednesse 
may  neue?-e  tourne  to  whitenesse 
(as  clerkes  sayn,)  but  yef  so  be 

it  be  decoct  by  charyte,  24456 

that  his  malicious  appetit 
be  itourned'  into  whit, 
thorugh  perfectioun  of  hete 

of  charyte,  that  ys  most  swete,  24460 

Than  the  smoke  of  fals  envye, 
the  fume  eke  of  malencolye,  [st.  &  c] 

fleth  away,  in  rednesse,  [e-tvuabic  me  „ 

chaunged  clene  into  whitenesse.  24464 

'  and  who  that  drynketh  of  this  mylk — 
nior  sote  and  softs  than  any  ^  silk —       [» tha  any  c,  than  st.] 
foryeveth  (in  a  litel  space) 

ech  offence  and  trespace  24468 

that  men  ha  gilt  hym  in  his  live ;  [c.  &  st.] 

hym  list  no  more  ageyn  to  stryve. 

'  of  such  mylk,  most  of  vertu, 
gret  plente  hadde  crist  ihesu ;  24472 

Shewed  his  brestis  of  pyte 
whan  he  was  hanged'  on  a  tre. 
he  suffred'  tho  (it  is  no  doute,) 

the  likour  for  to  Eenne  aboute,  •  24476 

and  for  to  shede  it  out  yffere 
than  he  was  stonken^  with  a  spere,       ['  stongen  St.] 
the  syde  of  his  humanyte, 

on  alle  synful  to  ha  pyte,  24480 

for  to  wasshe  away  our  vyce. 


Mercy. 

Milk  is  blood 
by  transmu- 
tation, 
according  to 
Aristotle. 


An  angry 
man's  red 
blood 


can  only  be 
turnd  white 


when  decoct 
by  Charity. 


[leaf  303,  bk.] 


Wlioever 
drinks  of  this 
milk  forgives 
offences. 


Christ  Jesus 
had  plenty 
of  it 


on  the  Cross, 


656  Mercy  is  pitiful,  like  her  Fatlier  God.  She  does  good  works. 


Mercy. 

more  than 
mother  or 
nurse  ever 
gave  to  child. 


Red  blood  is 
changed  by 
Charity  into 
white  milk. 


[leaf  304] 


Mercy 
feeds  the 
hungry, 


clothes  the 
naked, 


visits  folk  in 
prison. 


buries  the 
poor. 


and  serves  the 
sick. 


[*  niankyng  C," 
mankynd  St.] 


,  neddeSt.]    24500 


'  was  neue?'e  moder  nor  noryce 
that  gaf  such  my  Ike  ^  her-to-f  ore    [« myike  St.,  myik  C] 
to  hir  child,  whan  it  was  bore.  24484 

his  brestes,  that  be  most  fair  and  whyte, 
most  holy,  and  fresshest  of  delyte, 
arn  euere  open  to  folkes  alle. 

his  voyce,2  synners  doth  ek  calle,  p  voyce  st.,  voys  c]  24488 
and  bit  hem  in  their  herte  thenke, 
of  his  soote  my  Ik  to  drynke  :         [stowe,  leaf  376,  back] 
*  for  blod  of  ire  is  noon  in  me, 

but  mylk  of  me?*cy  and  pyte,'  24492 

which  wassheth  away  al  vengeaunce : 
who  hath  this  mylk,  hath  suffisauwce. 

'  The  Rede  blood  (as  folk^  may  se)        [» men  St.] 
y-chaunged  is,  by  charyte,  24496 

Into  whyte  mylk,  hoolsom  and  good, 
shaad  for  mankynd^  vpon)  the  rood ; 
with  the  Avhich,  I  fostred  and  fede 
alle  folkes  that  ha  nede,^  [^  fedd , 

such  as  list,  by  on  acorde, 

for  to  be^  drawe  with  my  corde,  [« be  St.,  om.  c] 

to  alle  I  am  so  mercyable, 

to  my  fader,  Eesemblable,  24504 

and  to  my  moder  Charyte. 

*  for  whan  that  I  may  any  se 
In  myschief ,  hunger,  outher  thurst, 
hem  to  fede,  it  is  my  lust.  24508 

naked  and  nedy,  that  ben  lothe, 
I  haue  in  custom  hem  to  clothe ; 
And,  gretly  I  me  delyte, 

folk  in  prisouw  to  visyte ;  24512 

and  lede,  with  a  glad  visage, 
pore  folk  to  their  herbegage  ; 
And  thei  that  deye  in'^  poue;'te,  ["  en  c,  in  st.j 

to  burye  hem,  I  d^lite  me  :  24516 

to  suclie^  labour  I  entende ;  p  such  c,  suche  st.] 

al  thyng  amys,  I  do  amende ; 
folkes  sike  and  vnweldy, 

of  pyte  only  and  mercy,  24520 

I  serve  hem  in  humylite. 


/ 


cannot  folknn  Mercy,  as  I  grow  fccUer  and  feebler.     G57 


'  And  now  I  am  yconie  to  the, 
In  al  my  beste^  feythful  wyse, 
forto  prof  re  my  seruyse.' 

Pilgrim  :  ^ 
"  Ma  dame,"  ([uod  I,  "  as  it  is  due, 
my  lust  is  gretly  you  to  sue ; 
but,  for  my  grete  febilnesse, 
which  me  restreyneth  by  distresse, 
And,  )3ees  massagers^  also 
Causen  that  I  may  not  go. 
And  if  ye  wold',  of  your  gooduesse, 
Doon  your  grete  besynesse 
Thes  massagers*  to  putte  away, 
I  wolde  (withoute^  mor  delay) 
folwe,  in  al  my  best  entent, 
to  gon  at  your  comandement." 

Misericord :  ^ 
'  Truely  (nouther  nygh  nor  ferre) 
I  may  not  voyde  nor  differre 
the  massagers '  from  tliy  presence  ; 
but  I  shal  do  my  diligence, 
with  my  corde,  the  tenbrace, 
and  to  lede  the  to  the  place 
which  called  is  the  Fermerye. 
the  massagers^  her  faste  liy, 
I  ha  no  myglit  hem  to  coharte, 
to  maken  hem  fro  tlxe  departe, 
til  that  deth  hym-silf  assaille, 
tabideu  on  the,  they  wil  not  faylle.' 

Pilgrim :  ^ 
Than  anoon  Myserycorde 
gan  tenbrace  mo  in  hir  corde. 
and  the  olde,  bothe  tweyne, 
Were  present,  and  dide  her  peyne 
to  brynge  me  to  my  bed'  anoon, 
and  list  not  from  me  fer^  to  goon, 
and  therwith-al,  anoon  ryght 
I  gan  to  feblen  of  my  myghf 
mor  and  mor,  erly  and  late, 
til  the  porter  at  the  gate 

PILGRIMAGE. 


[1  best  C,  St.] 


24524 


[2  St.,  om.  C] 


24528 


[5  messengers  St.] 


24532 


[*  tlies  me.saengers  St.] 
[5  witliout  C,  St.] 


2453G 


[6  St.,  om.  C] 


["  messengers  St.] 


24540 


[Stowe,  leaf  377] 


24544 


24548 


[s  St.,  om.  C] 


24552 


\J>  for  St.] 


24556 


The  Pilgrim. 

I  tell  Mercy 
that  I'd  fol- 
low her  if  I 
were  not 
feebla 


and  Kept  back 
by  Sickness 
and  Age. 


[leafSUl.bk.] 


She  says  I 
must  go  to 
the  Infir- 
mary ; 


and  the  Mes- 
sengers must, 
reumin  with 
me. 
The  Pilgrim. 


I  <rro\v  more 
feeble. 


The  Vorlpf. 

[leaf  305] 

brings  me 
two  messen- 
gers 

to  sliow  me 
the  way  to 
Jerusiilem. 


24568 


G58  Prayer  and  Alms  come  to  shcno  me  the  way  to  Jerusalem: 

The  Porter         brOUglltii  1116  tWO  maSSagerS,^     [1  brouglit  C.  &  St.,  mossen(,'ers  St.] 

benygne  and  goodly  of  her  cliers.  245G0 

[The  Porter:]     [6  lines  hlanhfor  an  Ilium  Inn  tion.'\ 

Q?/od  the  porter  anoon  to  mo  : 

'  I  ha  the  brought  (yef  thou  lyst  se) 

two  iiiassagers^  (it  is  no  nay) 

which  shal  tlie  teche  the  ryghte^  way  {?  rvgiit  c,  st.]  24564 

to  lerusaleui  the  cite  ; 

for  (bi  tooknes  that  I  se,) 

I  conceyve  (on  euery  syde) 

thou  niayst  her,  no  while  al)yde. 

wherfore,  to  make  thy  passage, 

Send'  hem  toforne,  on  thy  massage,^ 

that  thou  niayst,  by  thy  sendyng, 

be  bet  receyved'  at  thi  coniyng, 

withouten  eny  spot  of  blame. 

and  make  to  hem,  in  thi  name, 

a  nianer  of  co»niiyssiou?j, 

and  ek  a  proeurac'iou», 

that  they  may,  thorugh  their  wcrkyng", 

be  receyued'  of  the  kyng' 

thorugh  fauour  of  their  langage, 

to  taken  vp  their  herbergage 

In  that  cyte  clestial, 

wher  the  kyng  is  eternal. 

'  thes  ladyes  names  to  exp?-esse, 


They  are  to 
be  sent  be- 
fore. 


to  prepare 
in\'  reception 
tliere. 


[■■^  message  St.] 


24572 


24576 


24580 


These  Mes- 
seiifjers  are 

I  Prayer'  and  thcy  boii  Pvaycr  aiid  Alnicsse  ; 


24584 


And  they  ben  redy,  bothe  tweyne, 
In  this  caas  to  don^  her  peyne.' 
[The  Pilgrim:] 

"Truely,"  ({uod  I  to  the  porter, 
"  I  wolde,  with  al  myn  hert  entier, 
don  almes  of  entenciou?* ; 
but  I  ha  noo  pocessiou?^, 
nor  nothyng  in  propurte, 
but  al  thyng  in  co?».munytc. 
al  propurte,  I  ha  forsake, 
And  to  poue/'te  me  take, 
[leaf  ;io 5,  bk.]   Of  myu"*  ordre,  in  sothfastnesse.  [<  St.,  c. //»;•«/] 

*'  Wherfore,  touchyng  such  almcsse,    [stowe,  leat  sr?,  baci«] 


The  Pifnrim. 


But,  said  I, 


I  liave  no 

possessions 


24588 


24592 


lam  too  poor  to  employ  Mcs^sp/iigcrs.  The  improvident  King.  659 
"  I  lia  sothly  no  powere  24597    The  puarim. 

to  make  of  hiv  a  niassarrcre,  aiKltheretore 

°  cannot  have 

to  take  herbemase  for  me  '  Aime '  as  a 

°   "  messenger. 

In  that  hevenly,  chef  cyte.  24600 

ahiies,  and  al  such  ootlier  thynges, 

mot  ben  of  lordes  and  of  kynges 

Sent  to-forn  to  that  cyte, 

Yef  they  wil  wel  receyved  be,  24G04 

ther  to  make  her  purveaunce, 

terberwe^  hem  to  their  plesaunce.   [' to  haibour,  Kuige] 

"  for  (who-so  list  the  trontlie  lere) 
alle  estates  in  this  workl  here —  24608 

kynges,  prynces,  bothe  two,  Kings, 

Dukes,  lordes  ek  also, —  dukes  a'lui 

Keekne  hem  alle,  by  and  by,  havesueii 

messengers. 

and  thei  be  pilgrymes  as  1 :  24612 

let  hem  toforn  pourveye  wel 

forto  take  vp  their  hostel, 

Sende  her  massagers  ^  to  se  [^  thcyr  mesengars  St.] 

their  herbergage  in  that  cyte,  24616 

that,  for  lak  of  p/'ovidence, 

through  slouth,  or  through  necligence, 

they  be  dispurveyed,  at  her  comyng*, 

as  Barlam  telleth  of  a  kyng*,  24620   liariam's 

which,  of  custom  synguler,  khiK',  wi'io 

-n  II  u    i      q  reiyndonly 

Keyned' neuere  but  a-^  yer  [^onest.]  a. year, 

In  a  lond ;  and  this  the  ende, 

than  of  force  he  must  wende  24624  ancuhenwent 

to  a  liarreu 

Into  an  Ilond'  (in  certeyn)  island, 

that  was  of  vitaille  ful  bareyn ; 

and  thus  this  kyng  cam  to  meschau?jce,  where  he 

oanie  to  grief 

tor  laak  oonly  oi  pourveyaunce,  24628   because  iie 

J  i-  J  ^  had  made  no 

that  he  toforn,  for  his  availle,  provision  for 

'  '  luinself. 

lyst  to  sende  no  vitaille. 

Ther  was  noon  other  mene  wey  ;  [c  &  st.]  [leaf  .-ioo] 

for  hunger,  he  must  nede  deye.  24632   so  he  died. 

"after  whom,  thus  stood  the  cas, 
that  a-nother  kyng  ther  was, 
whicli  sluilde^  for  a  yer  succede  ;  [♦  simid  c,  St.] 

but  he  was  wys,  and  took  good  hede,  24636 


GGO  Let  us  all  prepare  our  'places  in  Paradise,  as  St.  Louis  did. 


anri  was  all 
right. 


So  let  each 
imm  provide 
for  Ills  entry 
into  Para- 
dise, 


an  St.  Louis 
did, 


T/ie  puprim.   "  wldl  lie  stood  ill  lial)0imdau7ice, 
His  siiwessor   forto  make  his  purvevaunce, 

made  pro-  '■  •'  ' 

vision  during   to  seiide,  ill  the  same  while, 

his  reign,  '  ' 

vitaille  into  that  bareyii  He.  24G40 

he  was  prudent,  aforn  to  se, 

to  provide  that  Scarsete 

sholde  sodeynly  hym  not  assaille  : 

wherfore,  he  sent  his  vitaille  2464-4 

Into  that  yle  tliat  bareyn  was. 

"  Avherfore,  let  ech  man  in  such  caas, 
sen  aforn,  in  his  resom^,  [stowe,  ieafS78] 

while  he  stant  in  pocessioure  24648 

of  liis  Kewme,  by  good  avys 
to  sende  aforn  to  paradys, 
to  taken  vp,  in  that  cyte, 

herl)ergage  lik  liis  degre  ;  24652 

as  whilom  dede^  seynt  Lowys,  ndydst.] 

the  holy  kyng  that  was  so  wys : 
Whil  he  hadde  domynacioiuj 

thorugh-out  al  his  Eegiou/;,  24656 

he  lie  was  not  necligent, 
but  sent  aforn,  of  good  entent, 
his  massagers^  and  his  corrours, 
his  vitaillers,^  his  pourveyours, 
only  for  his  avauntage, 
to  taken  vp  his  herbergage 

In  that  ilke  noble  Eewm,*  [<remest.] 

called  hevenly  leurusalem  ;  24G64 

wher  he  was,  for  a  memdrye, 
Eeceyved'  forto  regue  in  glory o, 
[leafunfi.bk.]    that  holy^  ^Ji^g  contemplatif,  [^  St.,  c.  immt] 

for  the  vertues  of  his  lif,  24668 

his  p?-ayours  and  his  orysou?is, 

his  fastjaigc*^  and  deuociou?«s, 

his  mercy  nieynt  with  ryghtwesnesse, 

his  compassiouws,  his  almesse,  24672 

of  cherches  his  foundaciou?is, 

and  other  dyiiers  mansiou?;.s 

y-mad  for  folkes  pore  and  Ijlynde, 

Which,  neutVe,  shal*^  out  of  mynde  :  ["siiaii  ncvar  st.]  24676 


["  messengers  St.] 
[3  vitilars  St.]     24660 


and  was  re- 
ceived into 
the  heavenly 
Jerusalem, 


for  his 
prayers, 


his  alms. 


Prayer  agrees  to  he  my  Messenger  to  Paradise. 


661 


"  alle  the^  vertues  (in  substauiice) 

made  aforn  hym  pourveyauiice  ; 

took  vp  a  paleys  most  Royal 

In  that  cyte  celestial, 

for  kyng  Lowys,  that  holy  man, 

as  his  lif  reherce  can, 

Avel  bet  til  an  I  can  expresse. 

"and  for  my  part,  touchyng  almesse, 
I  may  not  make  hir  (fer  nor  ner) 
forto  be  my  massager  :  ^ 
She  nys  not  pertynent  to  me, 
which  ha  no  thyng  in  propurte, 
but  by  licence  (in  certeyn) 
oonly  of  my  souuez-eyn. 

"  wherfore  (of  entenciou«) 
I  shal  make  a  co?/niiyssiou;i 
to  oon  that  is  prudent  and  sage, 
to  taken  vp  niyn  he/-bergage  : 
the  name  of  whom  is  P/-ayer, 
to  go  toforn  as  massager."  ^ 

Prayer : ^ 
Q?iod  Prayer,  '  for  thy  best, 
I  wil  fulfille  thy  requeste 
as  forforth"*  as  I  ha  myght, 
and  as  toforn^  I  ha  behyght.' 

[The  Pilgrim]: 
And  with  that  word,  anoon  Siknescse 
bad  hir  haste  fast,  and  dresse, 
Avithouten  eny  mor  delay, 
forto  spede  hir  on  hir  way  ; 
and  without  eny  longer  space, 
for  tavoyden  anoon  the  place. 

[Siknesse] : 
Qwod  she,  '  it  is  now  no  sesou/j 
to  maken  a  comyssion/*, 
at  this  tyme,  to  p/-ayere  ; 
for,  playuly  (who  list  to  lere,) 
bothe  at  complyn  and  at  pryme, 
it  hath  be  mad  afore  this  tyme  ; 
or  elltis,  heybergage  to  wynne. 


The  Pityrim. 


anil  sumliy 
virtues. 


24680 


24684 


[1  sessengeri.!)  St.] 


Hut  I  oim't 
iiiuke  Alms 


my  Mes- 
senger, 


24688 


24692 

as  I've  no 
pi.>perty. 

So  I  must 
send  Prayer 
as  my  mes- 

[* messenger  St.]    24696 

senger. 

[3St.,  OIH.C] 

Prayer. 

Prayer 

agrees. 

[+  farfortlic  St.] 

[Stowe,  leiif  378,  back]    24700 

[5  reason  St.] 

The  Pilgrim. 

[leaf  307] 


24704 


24708 


24712 


SicTcneii 

s.iys  it's  too 
late  to  make 
a  Commission 
now. 


6G2    Death  comes  to  me.    Grace  Dieu  'warns  me  of  my  end. 


Death  steps 
on  uiy  bed, 


ami  I  am  in 
Kivul  itreacl. 


'  It  were  to  late  now  to  begynuc' 
Pilgrim  :  ^  [■  st.,  om.  c] 

"God  lue-  graunte  grace  and  myudo,       p  me  St.,  ow.  c] 

good  herbergage  forto  fynde  ;  24716 

for  now  I  liaue  ynowh  to  do, 

of  veray  coustreynt  and  of  wo, 

to  remembre  on^  my  siknesse."  p  oon  c,  on  St.] 

and  with  that  word,  ther  gan  in  dresse  24720 

oon  vpon  my  bed'  anoon, 

the  cruelist  of  al  my  foon  ; 

of  wliom  in  soth,  whan  I  took  liede, 

I  loste  speclie,  of  veray  drede  :  24724 

I  niyghtc'*  make  no  questi'ouM  [*  mygiit  c,  St.] 

to  axen  hir  condiciou?^, 

she  was  so  dredful  of  hir  chere  : 

a  si  the  slie  bar,  and  ek  a  bare  ;  24728 

sette  hir  foot  vpon  my  brest, 

for  to  niaken  on  me  arest. 

[Bla7ik  ill  MS.  for  an,  Illumiuatiun.'] 
[leaf  sn?, Ilk.]    but  than^  a  lady  of  gret  vertu,  [^  St.,  c.  &«/■«?.] 

apileais."^^      that  was  Called  Grace  dieu,  24732 

bad  hir  a  wyle  lete  be, 

whil  that*^  she  spak  a  word  to  me.     [niiat  St.,  tua  c] 
"'^q"'-  Deathe:  "  \_See  the  French  on  p.  665.]  [^st.,  om.c] 

'  Sey  on,  and  tarye  neuer  a  del ; 

for  I  may  not  abiden  wel.  24736 

I  haate  soothly  al  tarj'^yng ; 

and  I  ne  love  non  abidyng. 

the  cause  is  this,  (who  taketh  hede) 

I  ha  mo  thynges  forto  spede,  24740 

In  other  places  mo  than  oon  ; 

wherfore  telle  on,  for  I  mot  goon.' 

[Grace  Dieu]:^  [»Piigrinist.,o/n.c.] 

Gracti  dieu,  hir  lotik  she  layde 

Vp-on  me,  and  thus  she  sayde  :  24744 

*  thou  stanst  vpon)  a  streyt  passage, 

now  as  in  thy  pilgrem<ige. 

Deth  is  present,  as  thou  maist  se, 

fro  the  which,  no  man  may  fle.  $4748 

she  is  of  contynauMce  odyble,  [stowe,  leaf  370] 


Death  tells 
her  to  make 
baste, 


as  he  has 
miicli  else 
to  do. 


Grace  Dieu 
warns  me 


that 
Death  is 
present, 


Death  will  give  mc  to  the  Worms,  and  part  Soul  &  Body.  G63 

Grace  Dieu. 


*  and  of  thynges  most  terryble ; 

she  is  the  ende  of  eii6';y  thyng ; 

and  now  she  cast,  at  hir  co?»iniyng, 

thy  lifi  playuly,  as  thou  shalt  knowe,   ['seUest. 

Avith  hir  sithii  vp  to  mowe : 

And  afterward,  this  the  fyn, 

to  pntte  the  in  hir  coffyn  ; 

and  after,  of  entenciou?*, 

to  yeve  the  in  pocessiomi 

to  wornies  (as  tliou  shalt  ek  knowe,) 

that  liggen  in  the  erthe  lowe  ;  24760 

the  which  (as  I  wel  telle  can) 

Is  cowHnun  to  euery  man. 

'  ther  may  no  man,  of  no  degre, 
hygh  nor  lowh,  his  power  He.  24764 

ffor,  lych  as  lierhes  and  as  floures, 
that  spryngen  with  soote-  shoures  [>  soot  c,  St.] 

bothe  in  ApriH  and  in  May, 

and  afterward  (it  is  no  nay,)  24768 

with  a  sythe  (who  list  to  knowe,) 
they  ben  on  erthe  leyd  ful  lowe, 
and  far-wel  then  al  their  fresshnesse ! 
farwel  her  colour  and  grenesse  !  24772 

It  not  appereth,  her  nor  there, 
the  hoote  Sonne  maketh  hem  Sere ; 

[BlanJi  in  MS.  for  an  Illumination,.] 
Ther  colours  and  their  fressh  aray, 
al  ys  tourned  into  hay. 

'and, thou, that  so  longe  be 
Grene  and  lusty  forto  se, 
Detli  (his  power  for  to  kythe,) 
Avil  abatyn  Avith  his  sythe 
thy  grenesse,  and  ek  also 
parten  the  on^  peces  two,  [Mn 

The  soule,  the  body,  her  and  yonder, 
and  makeu  hem  to  parte  assondre. 
for,  playnly,  as  thou  shalt  lere, 
they  may,  as  now,  not  gon  yfere  ; 
the  soule  muste'*  go  tofore,  [*mustc.,  St.] 

and  the  body  shal  be  bore,  24788 


24752     »'"1  means 

to  iiunv  my 

ta  vie  DeU.]     life  down," 


24756     put  me  in  a 
coffin. 


ami  give  me 
up  to  worms. 


This  end  is 
common  to 
all  men. 


[leaf  308] 


as  tlie  flowers 
tall  before  the 
scythe. 


24776 


24780 


St.]  divide  my 

soul  and  body 
asunder, 

24784 


GG4     /  must  iiray  for  mercy.    Dcatlt  swings  his  Scythe  at  me. 


Grace  Dieii. 


to  lie  joined 
afterwiinls 
eternally. 


*  In  ertlie  to  haue  his  lnan.siou?^, 
and  tournii  to  corrupciuiui ; 
and  afterward,  be  wel  ce?'teyn, 
loyned  Avith  the  soule  ageyn, 
and  ben  to-gidre  eternally. 

'  Now  loke  that  thou  be  ftil  redy ; 


I  must  be 

[fea/sos,  bk.]   for  yfi  ther  be  no  lak  in  the, 


247U2 


[I  8t.,  C.  burnt] 

[^A^tSL]     24796 


I  have  come 
to  tlie  ivii-ket. 


I  muBt  first 
cry  to  (iocl 
for  mercy, 

promisiiig 
Liifly  Pen- 
ance 


thou  shalt  go  streyht  to  the"  cyte 
Of  the  kyngdoni  and  the  Rewm 
that  called  ys  lerusaleni, 
to  which  thy  pilgreauige  was  sette. 

'  thou  art  come  to  the  wyket  24800 

(Which  is  gynnyng'  of  thy  labour,) 
thow^  beheld  in  a  myrrour,  [uiiow  st.,  c.  jk)-;;c] 

whan  thow  were  f ul  tendre  of  age,  [st.  &  c] 

at  gynnyng  of  thy  pilgrymage  ;  ,,       24804 

and  therfor*  now  thou  art  sette  [*  at.,  v.  imru/] 

at  the  boundes  of  the  wyket, 
I  consaille  the,  first  to  crye 

Vnto  my  Fadre  for  mercye,  24808 

behotyng  the  lady  dame  Penaunce, 
yef  thou  ha  not  in  suffisaunce 
Don  to  her,  whil  thou  wer  here, 

lustly  and  truely  thy  devere;  24812 

thou  art  in  wil,  at  thy  partyng^, 
thorugh  g/-ace  and  mercy  of  tlie  Icyng*, 
that  liegneth  ete/*nally  in  glorye, 
It  to  fulfille  in  purgatorye ; 
ther  tabiden  in  that  place, 
tyll  the  lord'  wil  do  the  grace, 
of  his  mercy,  at  the  laste.' 

And,  for  the  tyrae  cam  on  faste, 
and  my  speche  gan  to  faille, 
I  thoughte  it^  fooly  for  tasaille 
Grace  dieu  with  questiou«s, 
Avith  demandes  or''  resouns. 
And  (as  I  coude  ek  wel  discerne) 
Deatii  swings   Dcth  abood'  at  the  i)Osterne, 

his  scythe  at 

i"e;  and  gan  to  lete  goon  his  sytlie, 

his  cruel  niyght  on  me  to  kythe. 


to  make  up 
my  default  in 
Purgatory. 


The  Pilgrim. 


My  speecli 
begins  to  fail. 


[st.&c.]  24816 


24820 


[5  it  St.,  aC] 


[6iindst.j  24824 


24828 


/  get  so  frightend  that  I  wake  out  of  my  Sleep. 


G65 


And  gan  so  streytly  me  coliarte, 
Tliat  the  sovile  mot  cleparte. 
And,  such  a  feer  anoon  me  took, 
Out  of  my  slep  tliat  I  a-wook. 


The  Pilarim. 

my  Soul 
must  go. 
■     [leaf  309] 

24832     I  awake. 


The  last  sayings  of  Death,  Grace  Dieu,  and  the  rilgrim  are,  in  De  Guileville's  French 
(Petit's  edition,  Foeillets  xcj.  4 — xcij.  2) : — 


LA    MORT. 

OR  dictes  tost  done  /  ce  dist  elle,  24735 

Car  moult  ie  he  longue  vielle  :  24737 
Prestement  me  vueil  deliurer. 

Car  autre  part  me  fault  aler.  24741 

LE   PEI-ERIN. 

IT  Adonc  vint  grace  dieu  a  moy,  24743 

Et  me  dist  doulcemeut,  Or  voy.  24744 

GRACE   DIEU. 

H  Je  voy  hieu,  qu'a  I'estroit  jmssaige 

Tu  es  de  ton  pelerinaige.  24746 

Voicy  la  Mort,  qui  de  pres  t'est,  24747 

Qui,  des  choses  tervililes  est  24750 

La  fin  /  et  le  terniinement.  24751 

^Ta  vie,  tan  tost  faulcher  entent,  24753 

Et  la  mectre  du  tout  a  fin ;              [>  Fo.  xci]] 

Et  puis  ton  corps  en  vng  cofin  24756 

Elle  mectra,  pour  le  bailler  24758 

Aux  vers  puans,  pour  le  manger.  24759 

Ceste  chose  est  toute  conmiune  24761 

A  tout  chascun  et  a  chascune :  24762 
Homme,  en  ce  monde,  est  expose 

A  la  mort,  comme  I'herbe  au  pre  24765 

Est  a  la  faulx  /  aussi  est  feyn,  24769 
Qui  huy  est  verd  /  et  sec  demain ; 

Or  as  este  verd  vng  long  temps,  24772 

Et  si  as  receu  pluyes  et  vens  ;  24766 

Mais  fault  maintenant  te  faulchier,  24780 

Et  en  deux  pieces  despiecer.  24782 
L'huys  est  estroit  /  I'ame  /  et  la  cher  24783 

Ne  pourroient  ensemble  passer.  24786 

L'ame  premiere  passera,  24787 

Et  puis  apres  la  chair  yra.  24788 
Mais  si  tost  ne  sera  ce  mie ; 

Auant  sera  la  chair  pourrie,  24790 

Et  autre  fois  regeneree  24792 
En  la  grant  commune  assemblee. 

Doncques  regarde  se  apoinctey  24794 
Deuement  tu  es,  et  appareilley. 

S'a  toy  ne  tient,  tan  tost  verras  24795 

La  grant  cite  ou  tendu  as.  24796 

Tu  es  au  guichet  et  a  l'huys  24800 

Que  ou  mirouer  pieca  tu  vis.  24802 
Se  tu  es  despoille  et  nuz. 
Dedans  tantost  seras  receuz. 
Celle  entree  tu  auoies  moult  chier, 
Lors  quant  tu  la  vis  au  premier  ; 

Et  toutesfois,  tant  ie  te  dy,  24807 

Qu'a  mon  pere  tu  cryes  mercy,  24808 

En  prometant  a  penitence,  24809 


Que,  se  u'en  as  a  souffisance  24810 

Fait  /  volentiers  tu  la  feras  24813 

En  purgatoire,  ou  tu  iras.  24816 

LE    PELERIN. 

OR  vous  dy  ie  /  que  lors  se  i'eusse 
Peu  bieii  parler  /  que  ie  lay  eusse  24821 
Fait  des  demandes  dont  i'auoye  24824 

Grant  doubte  /  et  que  pas  ne  sauoie, 
^  Folic  est  d'actendre  au  besoing,  24822 

Car  souuent  on  cuide  que  loing    ['  Fo.  xcij.2] 
Soit  la  mort ;  qu'elle  est  aux  poatis,  24826 
Bien  ie  le  sceu  /  ie  fuz  soubzpris. 
La  mort  laissa  sa  faulx  courir,  24827 

Et  me  fist  du  corps  departir.  24830 

Ce  me  sembla  en  ce  moment, 
Si  que,  de  I'espouentement 
Esueille  et  desdormy  fu,  24832 

Et  me  trouuay  si  esperdu,        [not  etigliaht] 
Qu'auiser  ie  ne  me  pouoie 
Se  ia  mort  ou  en  vie  i'estoie, 
Jusqu'k  tant  que  i'ouy  sonner 
L'orologe  de  nuyt,  pour  leuer ; 
Et  aussi  lors  chantoient  les  cocqs ; 
Pour  quoy,  leuer  me  cuiday  lors ; 
Mais  ne  peu  /  car  fuz  reteuu 
De  la  grant  pensee  ou  ie  fu 
Pour  le  mycTi  aduentureux  songe, 
Ou  quel,  se  quelque  vne  mensonge 
Estrit  meslee  ou  contenue, 
Ou  qui  fust  de  peu  de  value. 
Nul  esraerueiller  ne  s'en  doit, 
Car  iamais  froment  on  ne  voit 
Croistre  /  qu'entour  paille  n'y  aye, 
Jusques  que  dehors  on  Ten  traye ; 
Par  quoy,  s'en  mou  songe  y  a  grain, 
Et  auecques  paille  ou  estrain 
y  ait  /  ce  qu'est  bon  /  soit  garde ;  • 
Ce  que  n'est  bon,  soit  hors  vonne. 
Que  ne  dy  pas  tant  seulement 
Pour  ce  premier  liure  present, 
Dont  cy  endroit  ie  feray  fin, 
Pour  me  reposer  en  chemin, 
Mais  aussi  pour  ce  que  s'ensuit, 
Ou  tout  le  grain  en  paille  gist. 
Que  recommande  aux  bons  venneurs. 
Qui  sceuent  hors  venner  erreurs. 

H  La  fin  du  premier  pelerinaige 
Do  I'homme  durant  <[u'ust 
En  vie  .  Deo  gratias. 


667 


NOTES. 

2/30.  Qiaunteplure.  This  is  the  name  of  a  thirteenth-century  French 
l^oem,  ad(h-essed  to  those  who  sing  in  this  world  and  will  weep  in  tlie 
next.  Hence  tlie  name  is  applied  to  any  alternation  or  mixture  of  joy  and 
sorrow.     Cf.  Cliaucer,  Anelida  and  Arcite,  320  : 

"I  fare  as  doth  the  song  of  Chaunte-pleure, 
For  now  I  pleyne,  &  now  I  pleye." 

4/122.  3Iy  lord  of  Salisbury.  See  note  in  the  description  of  the  Stowe 
MS.  There  is  an  illumination  in  the  Harl.  MS.  4826,  representing  "Lyd- 
gate  presenting  his  booke  called  pe  Pilgrime  unto  J^e  Earle  of  Salisbury." 
Underneath  the  drawing  is  written  "Thomas  Montacute  Earle  of  Salis- 
bury." The  earl  is  represented  as  a  young  man  clothed  in  armour.  This 
Thomas  de  Montacute,  born  1388,  was  sunnuoned  to  Parliament  as  Earl  of 
Salisbury  in  1409,  but  not  fully  restored  to  his  father's  rights  (which  had 
been  forfeited  through  treason)  till  1421.  He  engaged  actively  in  the 
French  wars,  being  the  most  famous  and  skilful  captain  on  the  English 
side,  and  noted  for  his  courtesy,  liberality,  and  bravery.  His  death  at  the 
siege  of  Orleans  in  1428  was  much  lamented,  and  greatly  affected  the 
course  of  the  war. 

5/173.  Calliope,  be  syde  cytheron.    Calliope  was  the  muse  who  presided 
over  eloquence  and  heroic  poetry;  Citheron,  a  mountain  of  Boeotia,  sacred 
to  the    Muses   and   named  after  king  Cithasron.     In   the  Secrees  of  Old 
Philisoffres  the  seeker  after  wisdom  expresses  his  desire 
"  To  taste  the  licour  of  Cytheroes  tonne." 

5/176-7.  The  sugryd  tonne  Off  lubiter.  This  is  the  nectar  of  the  gods, 
which  was  served  by  a  beautiful  Phrygian  youth  called  Ganymede,  who 
was  carried  up  to  Heaven  by  Jupiter  to  take  Hebe's  place  as  cupbearer. 

9/307.  In  the  Abbey  of  Chalys.  The  Cistercian  abbey  of  Chalis,  Chaalit, 
Chaslis  or  Chailly  in  the  diocese  of  Senlis  was  founded  by  St.  Louis,  in  the 
twelfth  century.  According  to  the  prologue  of  the  monk  who  corrected 
the  undated  Paris  version  of  De  Guileville's  second  recension,  Chalis  was 
an  offshoot  of  the  abbey  of  Pontigny,  "  chaliz  de  pontigny  fille." 

10/355.  strongly  kept  ffor  coming  in.  ffor  =  against.  For  this  meaning 
oi  for  cf .  Piers  Plowman,  Passus  VI,  9  : 

"  'Somme  shal  sowe  \>q  sakke,'  quod  Piers,  'for  shedyngof  \>q  whete';" 
and  Sir  Thopas,  1.  150  : 

"  And  over  that  an  habergeoun 
For  percinge  of  his  herte." 

12/444.  By  record  of  Seyn  Matthew.  Matt.  xi.  12  :  "  The  kingdom  of 
heaven  suffereth  violence,  and  the  violent  take  it  by  force." 

12/447.  Grysostom  recordeth  eh  also.  It  is  not  to  Chrysostom  but  to  St. 
•Jerome  that  this  saying  should  be  ascribed,  as  has  been  pointed  out  to  me 
by  Dom  John  Chapman,  O.S.B. 

The  passage  comes  from  St.  Jerome,  Comm.  in  Matt.  ii.  11,  on  Matt.  xi. 
12 :  "  Grandis  enim  est  violentia,  in  terra  nos  esse  generates  et  coelorum 
sedem  quaerere,  possidere  per  virtutem  quod  iion  tenuimus  per  naturam." 

PILGRIMAGE.  X  X 


668  Notes.     Pages  15-49,  lines  535-1852. 

The  quotation  in  the  margin,  however,  is  not  from  St.  Jerome  direct, 
but  from  the  Glossa  Ordinaria  of  Walafrid  Strabo. 

15/535.  G^''e'e  noumbre  of  thy s  lacobins.  Jacobins  was  a  name  applied 
to  tlie  Dominican  monks  of  France  from  the  fact  that  their  chief  Paris 
monastery^was  that  of  St.  Jaques  (Jacobus). 

Tlie  name  of  cayions  was  applied  to  ecclesiastical  officers  attached  to 
cathedrals  or  churches.  They  were  divided  into  two  orders,  canons 
regular  and  canons  secular.  The  latter  lived  in  the  world  ;  the  former  in 
communities  and  under  some  rule,  though  their  discipline  was  usually  less 
severe  than  that  of  regular  monks.  The  rule  of  St.  Augustine  was  that 
usually  observed  by  the  canons.  The  Augustinians  included,  besides  the 
canons,  those  other  monastic  fraternities  which  followed  the  rule  deduced 
from  the  writings  of  St.  Augustine.  The  chief  of  these  were  the  Begging 
Hermits  or  Austin  Friars,  and  the  Dominicans. 

The  Mendicant  orders  were  those  communities  which,  having  taken 
vows  of  poverty,  supported  themselves  by  begging.  They  included  the 
Dominicans,  Franciscans,  the  Austin  Friars  and  the  Carmelites. 

I6/574.  12  g rees  of  huviylyte.  The  reference  is  to  the  twelve  monas- 
teries founded  by  St.  Benedict  {Greg.  Dial.  II.  3).  The  number  of  monks 
in  each  of  these  was  restricted  to  twelve. 

24/912.  Afid  yet  somme  ha  entryd  in.  In  the  Cambridge  prose  this 
passage  is  more  precise :  "  Heere  is  the  firste  passage  of  alio  goode 
pilgrimages  ther  is  noon  oother  wey  bi  noon  ootlier  place,  saue  onliclie  bi 
clierubyn  ;  Therforth  hauen  somme  passed,  and  in  here  owen  blood  ban 
wasshen  hem." 

37/1387.  A  sygne  of  Tav  wych  ther  stood.  The  implement  of  cruci- 
fixion used  by  the  Romans  varied  in  form.  Malefactors  were  sometimes 
impaled  upon  or  nailed  to  an  upright  stake.  At  other  times  a  cross-piece 
for  the  arms  was  affixed  to  the  upright,  sometimes  obliquely,  in  which 
case  the  cross  was  called  crux  decussata,  sometimes  at  right  angle*  below 
the  top,  when  it  was  called  crtix  immissa,  and  sometimes  at  right  angles 
across  the  top,  when  it  was  called  crux  comynissa.  It  is  of  course  the  latter 
to  which  the  name  of  Tau,  the  Greek  T,  was  given,  and  though  never  so 
common  as  the  crux  immissa  the  Tau  form  of  cross  is  not  infrequently 
found  in  mediajval  art. 

37/1402.  The  prophete  whylom  wrot.  /  Ezechyel.  "  And  He  called  to 
the  man  clothed  with  linen,  which  had  the  writer's  inkhorn  by  his  side ; 
and  the  Lord  said  unto  him.  Go  through  the  midst  of  the  city,  through  the 
midst  of  Jerusalem,  and  set  a  mark  upon  the  foreheads  of  the  men  tliat 
sigh  and  that  cry  for  all  the  abominations  that  be  done  in  the  midst 
tliereof."— Ezekiel  ix.  3,  4. 

See  Bishop  Andrewes'  Sermons  (Luke  xvii.  32).  "  This  reward  (Ezek. 
X.  4)  is  for  those  whose  foreheads  are  marked  with  a  Tau." 

45/1683.  In  Elenchis  thow  mayst  rede.  Elenclms  was  the  name  of  a 
treatise  by  Aristotle  concerning  sophistry  and  fallacious  arguments. 

49/1839-40.  Seyn  Thomas  TJiat  kept  the  entre  tt-  the  paas.  The  refer- 
ence is  to  Thomas  k  Becket  and  his  sturdy  maintenance  of  the  rights, 
privileges  and  prosperty  of  the  Church  against  King  Henry  IL  and  his 
officers. 

49/1852.  Seynt  Ambrose  in  the  same  case.  St.  Ambrose  was  bishop  of 
Milan  in  the  fourth  century,  and  was  specially  remarkable  for  the  energy 
and  firmness  with  which  he  defended  the  faith,  discipline  and  integrity  of 
the  Christian  Church.  Tiie  incident  referred  to  in  the  text  is  as  follows : 
The  Arians,  headed   by  the   Emperor  Valentiniau    IL  and   his  mother, 


Notes.     Pages  55-98,  lines  2079-3696..  669 

demanded  the  use  of  two  churches  in  the  city  for  their  own  worship. 
Ambrose  refused, — the  Arians  tried  to  seize  the  churches  by  force,  and 
■when  Ambrose  was  requested  to  restore  peace  by  submission  to  the 
emperor's  will,  he  replied:  "If  you  demand  my  patrimony,  which  is 
devoted  to  the  poor,  take  it ;  if  you  demand  my  person  I  am  ready  to 
submit ;  carry  me  to  prison  or  to  death,  I  will  not  resist ;  but  I  will  never 
betray  the  Church  of  Christ.  I  will  not  call  upon  the  people  to  succour 
me ;   I  will  die  at  the  foot  of  the  altar  sooner  than  desert  it." 

55/2079.  Venus  thenys  doth  me  chase.  See  the  pseudo-Chaucer 
Bomaunt  of  the  Rose,  1.  5135  : 

"  Thus  taught  and  preched  hath  Resoun, 
But  Love  spilte  hir  sermoun, 
That  was  so  imped  in  my  thought 
That  hir  dootrine  I  sette  at  nought." 
65/2449.    -^^^   ^%*   word   Glayve.     Aldis    Wright    gives    this   note : 
"Isidore  of  Seville,  in  the  18th  book  of  his  Origines,  chap,  vi,  says  of  the 
etymology  of  gladms,  "  Proprie   autem  appellatur  gladius,  quia  gidam 
dividit,  id  est  cervicem  desecat." 

66/2458.  Thys  lanuence  recordeth  so.  The  reference  is  to  the  Catholicon 
seu  'nniversale  vocabularhiin  ac  simima  gramtnatices  of  F.  Johannis  Oenu- 
ensis.     The  quotation  in  the  margin  of  the  text  is  from  this  vocabulary. 

92/3449.    I  make  alday  thynges  newe.     The  worst  poets  of  this  period 
became  poetical  in  speaking  of  Spring,  and  Lydgate  is  no  exception  to  the 
rule,  for  though  he  only  uses  the  common  images  which  formed  the  stock 
in  trade  of  all  his  contemporaries,  yet  his  delight  in  the  subject  is  so 
evident  that  we  cannot  help  being  carried  away  by  it.     With  this  passage 
however   we   may    compare   the   description   of    Spring   in   Reson   and 
Sensiicdlyte,  which   shows  us  that,  true  as  Lydgate's  enjoyment  of   the 
season  was,  he  did  not  know  more  than  one  way  of  expressing  it : 
"  This  is  the  lusty  seson  newe, 
Which  every  thing  causeth  renewe, 
And  reioyseth  in  his  kynde, 
Commonly,  as  men  may  fynde, 
In  these  herbes  white  and  rede, 
Which  springen  in  the  grene  mede, 
Norysshed  with  the  Sonne  shene, 
So  that  all  the  soyl  is  grene, 
Al  ouersprad  with  sondry  floures, 
With  bawme  dewed,  and  soote  shouyes,  .  .  . 
And  euery  bough,  braunch,  and  tre 
Clad  newe  in  grene,  men  may  se. 
By  kyndely  disposicion 
Ech  to  here  fruyt  in  ther  soson.  .  .  . 
And  Zepheriis,  the  wynde  moost  soote, 
Enspired  bothe  croope  and  roote 
Of  herbes  and  of  floures  newe 
That  they  wern  alway  fresh  of  hewe." — (1.  101  f.) 
95/3589.  Off  on  callyd  Architedyn.     The  name  should  be  Architriclin, 
"the  master  of  the  feast,"  and  is  written  so  in  Gamh.     From  Gk.  apxi, 
chief,  and  rpiKXivos,  a  couch  for   reclining   on   at   supper,  and   hence  a 
dining-room.     The  Greek  word  was  preserved  in  the  Latin  translation  of 
St.  John,  and  was  taken  to  be  a  proper  name. 

98/3696.  Boundys  and  botaylle.  Botaylle  seems  to  be  a  variant  of 
buttal  =  a  bound  or  boundary.     Other  forms  are  buttel,  buttelle,  buttle, 


670  Notes.     Pages  101-125,  lines  3795-4773. 

butlc.  1577  Test.  12  Patriarchs  (1604)  85.  "  I  liave  not  .  .  .  removed  the 
bounds  and  buttles  of  lands."— (N.  E.  D.)  Cf.  the  modern  ahut,  used  in 
describing-  boundaries  in  a  legal  conveyance. 

101/3795.  The  mevyng  of  the  hexmie  And  the  %)lanetys  alle  setiene. 
According  to  the  Ptolomaic  system  of  Astronomy  the  earth  was  encircled 
by  seven  spheres  named  after  the  principal  planet  of  each,  the  Moon, 
Mercury,  Venus,  the  Sun,  Mars,  Jupiter,  and  Saturn.  Beyond  these  was 
the  sphere  of  the  Fixed  Stars,  which  was  supposed  to  make  one  revolution 
in  twenty-four  hours.  To  account  for  various  irregularities  in  the 
heavenly  motions  two  extra  spheres  were  added  in  the  Middle  Ages — viz. 
the  Crystalline  and  the  Primum  mobile  or  "  first  moved,"  which  was 
supposed  to  communicate  its  movement  to  all  the  inferior  spheres. 

101/3823.  The  paynim  Arystotyles.  See  Aristotle,  De  generatione  mii- 
inalimn,  II.  3.  4  ;  where  we  are  told  that  the  sun's  heat,  and  tliat  secreted 
in  the  bodies  of  animals,  are  of  the  same  nature,  and  form  the  essential 
life-principle. 

101/3836.  Skyes  dyrke  d:  donne.     Cf.  Life  of  our  Lady  : 
"  I  fynde  also  that  the  sk^'es  donne 
Whiche  of  custome  curteyne  so  the  nyght, 
The  same  tyme  with  a  sodayn  light 
Enchaced  were  that  it  wexid  al  light." 
Cf.  also  Temple  of  Glas,  2/30-31 : 

"  Til  at(te)  last  certein  skyes  doune 
With  wind  Ichaced,  haue  her  cours  Iwent." 
IO6/4011.    To  skouren  chyldern  and  chastyse.     The  ordinary  meaning 
of  scour  is  to  cleanse,  from  Lat.  excfirdre,  to  take  great  care  of  (Skeat's 
Concise  Diet.).     But  in  this  passage  it  evidently  stands  for  scourge,  and  is 
from  Lat.  excoridre,  to  flay  off. 

115/4354.  Dxjvers  gatys  mo  than  on.  See  Nehemiah  iii.  14  and  26, 
where  the  dung-gate  and  the  water-gate  are  mentioned.  Psal.  cvii.  16: 
"  He  hath  broken  the  gates  of  brass."  Math.  xvi.  18:  "  The  gates  of  hell 
shall  not  prevail  against  it."  Gen.  xxviii.  17:  "This  is  the  gate  of 
heaven."     Acts  xii.  10  :  "  They  came  to  the  iron  gate  which  opened." 

II8/4487.  A  child  an  hundryd  wgnter  old.  The  quotation  is  incorrect. 
The  passage  from  Isaiah  runs  as  follows : 

"There  shall  be  no  more  thence  an  infant  of  days,  nor  an  old  man  that 
nath  not  filled  Jiis  days :  for  the  child  shall  die  an  hundred  years  old  ;  but 
the  sinner  being  an  hundred  years  old  shall  be  accursed." — Isaiah  Ixv.  20. 
121/4613.  Maunde,  in  this  sentence,  stands  for  the  supper  at  which 
Christ  gave  to  His  disciples  the  "new  commandment"  "to  love  one  ■ 
another."  The  word  maunde  is  the  M.E.  form  of  Lat.  m,andaturn, 
meaning  a  command  or  charge.     (See  Skeat's  Concise  Dictionary.) 

123/4675.  Seyn  Martyn.  Saint  Martin,  while  yet  a  catechumen,  was 
one  day  riding  when  he  met  a  half  naked,  shivering  beggar.  Touched 
with  compassion  he  cut  his  cloak  in  two  with  his  sword  and  gave  half  to 
the  beggar.  The  same  night  he  had  a  dream  in  which  Christ  appeared  to 
him  wearing  the  cloak  and  saying  to  the  angels  :  "  My  servant  Martin, 
though  yet  unbaptized,  hath  done  this.." 

125/4773.  The  Testament  of  Cnjst  Diesus.  We  may  compare  this 
Testament  with  that  of  Piers  the  Plowman  in  Langland's  vision  (Passus 
VI,  1.  88  et  seq.),  which  begins : 

"  He  slial  haue  my  soule  {jat  best  hath  yserued  it, 
And  fro  fende  it  defeude  for  so  I  bilcue." 


Notes.     Pages  129-169,  lines  49G2-6442.  071 

Dr.  Skeat  tells  us  that,  accordin,£^  to  Whitaker,  the  committal  of  the 
soul  to  God  alone,  and  not  also  to  the  Virgin  and  saints,  was  held  to  be 
heretical  at  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

129.  P.  A.  X.  "One  clause  of  this  will  or  testament  bequeathes  to 
mankind  Pax  Triplex — ■'■  triple  tranquillity.'  The  three  things  signified  by 
the  three  initial  letters,  at  the  three  corners  of  a  right-angled  triangle, 
formed  b}'  the  stem  and  one  limb  of  a  Latin  cross  are — X,  the  initial  of 
XpiffT6s,  'Christ';  A,  of  Animu,  'the  soul';  P,  oi Proxlmvs,  our  'neigh- 
bour.' When  these  three  are  properly  disposed  towards  each  other, 
there  is  a  firmly-established  peace  of  mind  ;  since  they  indicate  the  whole 
duty  of  man's  life,  viz.  his  love  to  God  and  his  neiglibour." — N.  Hill  in 
the  Ancient  Poem  of  Guillaume  de  Guileville. 

130/4962.  Synderesis.  This  word  appears  to  be  made  up  of  Gk.  o-w, 
meaning  tmth  or  together,  and  Siaipeffis  =  division  or  separation,  and  if 
so  would  probably  stand  for  that  faculty  of  man  which  discriminates. 
In  the  Pylgremage  of  the  Sowle  Sinderesis  is  called  the  Worm  of  Con- 
science, and  is  represented  in  the  woodcut  in  Verard's  edition  as  a  woman 
with  a  serpent's  head.  Sathanas  calls  it  "  thou  foule  Synderes3's,"  and  it  is 
described  as  "wonder  liydoiis  to  loke  upon,  and  of  ful  cruel  semblaunt." 
It  says  of  itself,  "  In  al  places  1  am  bjdcued  of  trouthe.  I  knowe  wel 
apertly  all  thy  thoughtys,  thy  dedes  and  thy  wordes." 

146/5569.  The  proper  meaning  of  tnrneys  is  given  by  Koquefort  as 
pont-levis,  or  drawbridge. 

161/6 148.  With  yow  to  holden  chaiimpartye.  Ghaumpartye  comes 
from  French  champ  parti,  and  means  equality  or  division  of  power.  See 
Chaucer,  Knight's  Tale,  1091  : 

"Ne  may  with  Venus  holde  champartye." 

"Lydgate  seems  to  have  known  the  word  only  from  this  phrase  of 
Chaucer's,  which  he  misunderstood  and  took  as  meaning,  'to  hold  rivalry 
or  contest,  to  hold  the  field  against,  to  resist.' " 

In  English  Law  champerty, — campi-partiti, — is  a  bargain  with  a 
plaintiff  or  defendant  campum  p>artire, — to  divide  the  land  or  other  matter 
sued  for  if  he  prevail  at  law ;  the  champertor  being  bound  to  carry  on  the 
party's  suit  at  his  own  expense.  (See  Blackstone,  Bk.  4,  chap.  10,  p.  134. 
Ed.  1825.) 

I69/6442.  TJie  wyttys  Jive.     We  should  say  "  the  five  senses."     Wits 
however  was  commonly  used  with  the  meaning  of   senses.     Cf.  Every- 
man, in  which  Five  Wits  refuses  to  accompany  the  hero  to  the  grave. 
In  The  World  and  the  Child,  Dods.  I,  p.  273,  Age  says : 
"  Of  the  five  wits  I  would  have  knowing. 
Pres.       Forsooth,  sir,  hearing,  seeing,  and  smelling, 
The  remenant  tasting  and  feeling: 
These  being  the  five  wits  bodily." 

We  may  compare  with  these  five  gates  the  five  described  in 
Bunyan's  Holy  War : 

"The  famous  town  of  Mansoul  had  five  gates,  in  at  which  to  come, 
out  at  which  to  go,  and  these  were  made  likewise  answerable  to  the 
walls, — to  wit,  impregnable,  and  such  as  could  never  be  opened  nor 
forced  but  by  the  will  and  leave  of  those  within.  The  names  of  tlie 
gates  were  these :  Ear-gate,  Eye-gate,  Mouth-gate,  Nose-gate,  aud  Feel- 
gate." 

We  still  use  the  word  loit,  in  the  sense  of  the  text,  in  such  an  expres- 
sion as  "  He  has  lost  his  wits." 


672  Notes.     Pages  174-192,  lines  6640-7105. 

174/6640.  How  he  to  helle  y$  descended.  The  belief  in  the  descent  of 
Christ  into  hell  during  the  period  between  His  death  and  resurrection  was 
founded  upon  1  St.  Peter  iii.  19,  "  He  went  and  preaclied  unto  the  spirits 
in  prison,"  and  upon  the  apocryphal  gospel  of  St.  Nicoderaus. 

It  was  a  popular  subject  in  mediasval  art  and  poetry.  One  of  the 
finest  of  Fra  Angelico's  frescoes  in  San  Marco  deals  with  this  tradition, 
and  Dante  refers  to  it  in  the  fourth  canto  of  the  Inferno,  11.  52  f.  : 

"lo  era  nuovo  in  questo  stato, 
Quando  ci  vidi  venire  un  Possente, 
Con  segno  di  vittoria  incoronato. 
Trasseci  I'ombra  del  primo  Parente 
D'Abel  suo  figlio,  e  quella  di  N06  .  .  . 
Ed  altri  niolti  ;  e  fecegli  beati." 

It  was  one  of  the  stock  incidents  in  miracle  plays,  and  forms  the 
subject  of  the  earliest  extant  English  Miracle,  The  Harrowing  of  Hell. 
This  play  begins  with  a  conversation  between  Dominus  and  Satan,  of 
which  the  following  lines  form  a  part : 

Dominus.   "Adam,  thou  hast  dere  aboht, 

That  thou  levedest  me  noht ; 

Adam,  thou  haveat  aboht  sore 

And  I  nil  suffre  that  na  more  : 

I  shal  the  bringe  of  helle  pine 

And,  with  the,  alle  mine." 
Sutan.         "  Wlio  is  that  ich  here  thore 

I  him  rede  speke  ua  more."  .... 
Dominus.  "  Wost  thou  never,  what  ich  am  ? 

Almost  the  thridde  winter  is  gan, 

T.hat  thou  havest  fonded  me 

For  to  know[en]  what  I  be  ; 

Sirme  found  thou  never  nan 

In  me,  as  in  other  man  ; 

And  thou  shalt  wite  well  to-day 

That  mine  will  I  have  awei. 

Whan  thou  bilevest  al  thin  one, 

Tiian  miht  thou  grete  &  grone." 

I8O/6875.  Somme  wer  callyd  Arryens.  The  Arian  heresy  arose  from 
the  opinions  of  Arius  concerning  the  Trinity  and  the  nature  of  Christ, 
whom  he  declared  to  be  different  in  substance  from  the  Father,  to  have 
been  created  by  Him  before  the  world,  and  hence  to  be  inferior  to  Him. 

The  Pelagian  teaching  was  a  reaction  against  Manichajism  and 
Fatalism.  Its  principal  points  were  the  denial  of  original  sin  ;  the 
possibility  of  living  without  sin  ;  and  the  sufficiency  of  free-will  and  the 
knowledge  of  the  law  for  salvation. 

192/7105.  The  Charbouncle.     The   carbuncle  or  ruby  seems  to  have 
been  a  favourite  stone  with  Lydgate.     In  the  Secrees  of  Old  Philisoffres 
we  also  find  references  to  its  supposed  power  of  shining  in  tlie  dark  : 
"  As  a  charbouncle  ageyn  dirknesse  of  nyght ;  "     (1.  444) 
"  Rubyes  that  yeve  so  cleer  a  light 
On  hooly  shryues  in  the  dirk  nyght."     (11.  552-3) 

In  BoA'th.  Angl.  xvi.  26,  the  following  note  is  found  :  "  Carbunculus 
is  a  precious  stone  and  shyneth  as  fyre  whose  shynynge  is  not  over- 
come by  night.  It  shyneth  in  derke  places  and  it  semeth  as  hit  were  a 
flame." 


Notes.     Pages  203-216,  lines  7259-773Q.  G73 

In  the  jR.  de  la  R.  the  carbuncle  worn  by  Richesse  is  described  in  the 
following  terms : 

"Une  escharbouclo  ou  cercle  assise, 
Et  la  pierre  si  clere  estoit 
Que,  maintenant  qu'il  anuitoit, 
L'en  s'en  veist  bien  au  besoing 
Conduire  d'une  line  loiiig."     (Ih  1106-10) 
203/7259.     Ther    saiu  I  helm]is    ch    haheriouns.     The    armour   of    a 
mediaeval  knight  was  both  complicated  and  cumbrous,  and  often  con- 
sisted of  many  more  articles  tlian  those  mentioned  in  the  text. 

Beneath  the  armour  was  worn  the  gambiso7i,  a  thickly  padded  tunic, 
intended  to  keep  the  mail  from  bruising  the  body.  It  was  usually 
quilted,  and  hence  was  often  called  t]\e  pmyoint. 

The  habergeon  or  byrnie  was,  as  the  name  implies,  a  protection  for 
the  neck  and  breast.  In  this  case  it  was  probably  made  of  chain-mail 
(1.  7576),  but  sometimes  it  consisted  of  leather  or  some  strong  material 
sewn  with  over-lapping  rings.  In  Sir  Gatvayne  <h  the  Grene  Kni^t  we 
are  told  that 

"  pe  brawden  bryno  of  bry^t  stel  ryrige^, 
Vmbe-weued  |>at  wy^,  upon  wlonk  stulfe." 
The  helmet  given  to  the  Pilgrim  was  needful 
"  For  to  make  resistence 
At  Nase,  at  Ere,  &  at  the  Syht." 
Helmets  of  many  sliapes  existed  at  this  period.     Some  of  these  were 
hoods   of  chain-mail,  with  loose  flaps,  whicli  could,  when  required,  be 
fastened  across  the  lower  part  of  the  face.     These,  however,  left  the  eyes 
and  nose  exposed,  so  the  Pilgrim's  helmet  was  possibly  one  of  the  steel 
barrel-shaped  ones  which  covered  tlie  whole  head,  or,  more  probably,  a 
steel  casque  with  movable  vizor.     (Cf.  11.  7642-48.) 

The  gorger  or  armour  for  the  throat  is  said  in  1.  7628  to  be  made 
of  plate.     In  1.  7700,  however,  we  read  : 

"Thys  Armure  hath  a  double  maylle." 

The  gorger  of  mail  was  more  properly  called  a  camail,  and  usually 
consisted  of  a  shaped  curtain  of  mail,  which  was  attached  to  the  helmet 
and  fell  down  over  the  neck  and  upper  part  of  the  body. 

The  gloves  (11.  7628  f.)  of  this  period  were  usually  made  of  steel  plates, 
rather  than  of  the  ring-mail  or  studded  leather  common  at  an  earlier 
date.  They  often  consisted  merely  of  gauntlets,  articulated  at  the  wrist, 
with  steel  plates  attached,  which  covered  the  backs  of  the  hands  but  left 
the  palms  free.  In  some  engravings,  however,  we  see  gloves  with 
elaborate  articulated  steel  fingers. 

Tlie  girdle,  worn  round  the  hips,  was  usually  much  ornamented 
and  fastened  in  front  with  a  buckle  of  varying  form.  It  supported  the 
sword  which  was  generally  cross-hilted,  and  was  enclosed  in  a  scabbard 
of  leather,  often  studded  with  metal.  In  the  text  we  are  told  that  the 
Pilgrim's  scabbard) 

"  Ys  makyd  off  A  skyn  mortal."     (1.  7940) 

The  shield  generally  used  at  this  time  was  short,  and  often  triangular 
in  shape.  Tlie  Pilgrim  wore  no  armour  on  his  legs.  These  would 
ordinarily  have  been  covered  with  greaves  for  the  legs  and  cuisses  for 
the  thighs.     Frequently  only  the  fronts  of  the  legs  were  thus  protected. 

\  2I6/7730.  Seyti  Wylliam  of  Ghalys.     St.  William  of  Chalis  was  Guil- 
laume   de   Donjeon,  at   one   time  abbot  of  Fontaine-jean.     He  became 


674  Notes.     Pages  210-238,  lines  7839-8602. 

abbot  of  Cbalis  in  1187,  was  made  Arclibishop  of  Bonrges  in  1200,  and 
died  in  1209.     He  was  canonized  by  Honoriiis  III.  in  1218. 

He  took  the  habit  of  a  monk  in  the  order  of  Grammont,  but  after- 
wards passed  over  to  the  Cistercian  order  and  entered  the  abbey  of 
Pontignj'. 

219/7839.  The.  swerd  of  goode  Oger.  The  feats  of  Ogier  the  Dane  are 
told  in  many  metrical  romances,  the  longest  of  which  is  called  Les 
Enfances  d'Ogier  le  Danois,  by  Adeiiez,  herald  to  Henry  ill.,  Duke  of 
Brabant.  Ogier  seems  to  have  been  a  real  man,  living  in  the  time  of 
Charlemagne.  He  was  supposed  to  be  the  son  of  a  king  of  Denmark, 
but  falling  into  the  power  of  Charlemagne  as  a  hostage,  he  became  one 
of  his  knights  and  went  through  many  adventures. 

His  swords  were  called  Curtana  and  Sauvagine.  They  took  the 
smith  Munifican  three  years  each  to  make. 

The  sword  of  Roland  was  a  famous  weapon  called  Durendal,  with 
which  he  is  said  to  have  cloven  a  rock  in  tlie  valley  of  Roncesvalles  and 
to  have  made  u  fissure  300  feet  deep.  According  to  one  legend  he  threw 
it,  before  his  death,  into  a  poisoned  stream,  where  it  still  remains. 
Oliver's  sword  was  called  Hauteclaire  or  Glorious.  With  it  he  hacked 
to  pieces  nine  swords  made  by  the  smiths  Munifican,  Ansias  and  Galas, 
each  of  which  had  taken  three  years  in  the  making. 

220/7882.  As  seyn  Benyth  dyde  of  old.  The  asceticism  of  St.  Benedict 
of  Nursia  is  well  known.  Tliere  is  a  story  that  while  yet  a  boy  he 
retired  to  Subiaco  and  lived  there  as  a  hermit,  and  tlie  place  is  still 
shown  where  he  is  said  to  have  rolled  in  thorn-bushes  to  overcome 
sensual  temptation. 

227/8150.  Venus  ys  sayd  off  venerye.  Lydgate  was  fond  of  seeking  for 
fanciful  derivations  of  the  name  Venus.  In  Reason  and  Sensuality  we 
find  two  more  : 

"Venus  is  said  of  venquisshing, 
For  she  venquyssheth  everythyng."     (120/4581-2.) 

"  Aftir  ethyraologie 
Venus,  by  exposicion 
Is  seyde  of  venym  &  poysovne."     (89/3386-88.) 

234/8433.  Martews.     Dr.  Furnivall  gives  the  following  note: 
"  Et  cinq  pierres  i  mot  petites 
Du  rivage  de  mer  eslites, 
Dont  puceles  as  martiaus  geuent, 
Quant  beles  et  rondent  les  treiient." 
Roman  de  la  Rose,  21767-70,  IV.  320  Bihl.  Ekev. 

Jouer  aux  marteaux,  signifiat  lancer  des  petits  cailloux  ronds  en  Pair 
pour  les  recevoir  dans  I'une  et  Pautre  main,  en  les  faisant  choquer.  C'est 
un  jeu  analogue  a  notre  jeu  d'osselets  :  ib.  v.  216-7. 

Osselets.  The  game  termed  Cockall  or  Hucklebones.    1611.    Cotgrave. 

238/86o2.  Alheston.  This  is  a  corruption  of  asbestos,  which  by  its 
derivation  means  unquench.able.  There  is  perhaps  some  confusion  with 
albus  and  stone. 

See  also  tlie  note  to  p.  66,  11.  539,  etc.,  of  the  Temple  of  Glas,  in  which 
Dr.  Schick  gives  the  following  references  to  Albeston.  "For  in  a 
temple  of  Venus  was  made  a  candylsticke ;  on  whyche  was  a  lantern  so 
brennynge  that  it  myght  not  be  quenched  wyth  tempeste  nother  with 
reyne."    (Bartholomaeus,  De  Proprietatibiis  Rerum,  xvi,  ii.) 


Notes.     Pages  247-306,   lines  8923-11181.  675 

"Isidore  saytb  in  his  xvi  booke,  tlicit  in  a  certaine  temple  of  Venus 
there  was  made  and  hoong  up  sucli  a  C;mdlesticke  wherin  was  a  light 
burning  on  that  wise,  that  no  tempest  nor  storm  could  put  it  out,  &  he 
beleuetli  that  this  candlesticke  had  somewhat  of  Albeston  beset  within." 
(John  Maplet,  A  greene  Forest,  fol.  2.) 

In  the  Compleynt  at  the  end  of  the  Temple  of  Glas  the  following 
lines  occur  (p.  66,  11.  537-552)  : 

"  Myn  hete  is  so  violent 
Wherwyth  myn  pitous  herte  is  brent, 
That  may  ben  likkenyd  to  a  ston, 
Which  is  I-callyd  albiston, 
That  onys  whan  it  hath  caught  feer, 
Ther  may  no  man  the  flaumbe  steer, 
That  it  wel  brenne  aftir  euere, 
And  neuere  from  the  fer  disseuere, 
So  they  acordyn  of  nature. 
And  for  this  ston  may  longe  endure, 
In  fer  to  brenne  fayr  &  bryght, 
As  sterrys  in  the  wyntyr  nyght. 
I  fynde,  in  Venus  oratorye, 
In  hir  worshepe  &  memory e 
Was  made  a  laurape  of  this  ston, 
To  brenne  a-fore  here,  euere  in  on." 

247/8923.  Sende.     In  Stowe  we  find  ffende  =  defend. 

26I/9458.  Tarage.  See  note  to  1.  3812  of  Beson  and  Sensuallyte. 
The  meaning  seems  here  to  be  quality  or  kind. 

266/9670.  And  ivhijlom  blinde  was  Tohye.  See  Tobit  ii.  10  and  chap, 
iv,  in  which  the  blinding  of  Tobit  is  described,  and  his  counsels  to  his 
son  are  given. 

279/10184.  The  precept  offkyng  scdomoun.  This  precept  is,  of  course, 
i   the  book  of  Proverbs  (vi.  6),  not  in  Wisdom,  as  Lydgate  seems  to  imply. 

295/10763.  No  man  to  hern.  Sae  Matt.  x.  9,  10:  "Provide  neither 
gold,  nor  silver,  nor  brass  in  j'our  purses,  nor  scrip  for  your  journey, 
neither  two  coats,  neitlier  shoes,  nor  yet  staves." 

297/10864.  The  author  shows  here  more  wisdom  than  many  biblical 
commentators,  who,  by  refusing  to  recognize  the  principle  of  progressive 
revelation,  involve  themselves  in  many  unnecessary  difficulties. 

304/11137.  As  ivilde  coltys  in  Arras.  Dr.  Skeat  suggests  that  instead 
oi Arras  we  should  re;id  harras  or  haras,  meaning  a  stud  of  liorses. 

305/1 1 141.  And  now  I  lepe  louy  pe. 

"And  now  I  leap  with  merry  foot." 

Camb.,  however,  has  "joynpee,"  and  in  Verard's  edition  of  Deguile- 
ville's  second  recension  we  read  "  pieds  joincts." 

305/1 1 160.  As  ivhylom  was  Asael.  2  Sam.  ii.  18-23:  "  Asahel  was  as 
light  of  foot  as  a  wild  roe.  And  Asahel  pursued  after  Abner ;  and  in 
going  he  turned  not  aside  to  the  right  hand  nor  to  the  left  from  follow- 
ing Abner.  .  .  .  And  Abner  said  again  to  Asahel,  Turn  thee  aside  from 
following  m3:  wherefore  should  I  smite  thee  to  the  ground?  .  .  . 
Howbeit  he  refused  to  turn  aside  :  wherefore  Abner  with  the  hinder  end 
of  the  spear  smote  him  under  the  fifth  rib,  that  the  spear  came  out 
behind  him." 

306/11181,  etc.   Pleye  at  the  cloos,  etc.     In  the  statutes  of  Ed.  IV.  (17 


676  Notes.     Page  306,  lines  11181-11198. 

Ed.  IV.  cap.  3),  and  in  18  and  20  Hen.  VIII.,  the  game  of  closh  or  cloish 
is  mentioned  and  prohibited.  According  to  J.  Strutt  {Tlie  Sports  and 
Pasthnes  of  the  People  of  Enylund)  it  was  a  game  much  Hke  ninepins. 

It  seems  to  liave  been  Dutch  in  origin.  Flem.  and  Du.  klos  =  bowl 
(for  phxying).  Kilian  has  klos  :  globus,  sph^ra;  klos-beytel  =  flagellum. 
Plantin  has  klos  =  une  boule ;  klos-porte  =  une  porte  k  bouler,  anneau  de 
fer  a  passer  la  boule  ;  klos  bane  =  pare  k  bouler  ;  klossen-bouler  =  jouer  k 
la  boule  par  travers  un  anneau  de  fer.  From  this  we  maj'  gather  that 
the  klos  was  struck  through  the  klos-poHe  with  the  klos-beytel. 

Tiie  next  game  (11.  11182-3)  seems  to  be  hockey,  but  the  nature  of 
tlie  kampyng-crook  mentioned  in  the  following  line  is  not  quite  plear. 
Taken  by  itself  one  would  think  it  meant  hockey-stick,  but  in  1.  11183 
"  a  staff  mad  lyk  an  hook,"  which  must  surely  be  a  hockey-stick,  has 
already  been  mentioned. 

The  game  of  camp-ball  was  a  game  much  like  foot-ball,  though  the 
ball  was  thrown,  not  kicked,  but  no  staff'  or  crook  seems  to  have  been 
need  in  it.  The  vb.  camj)  also  means  to  contend  in  athletic  contests.  The 
N.E.D.  gives  the  following  example:  1774-6,  J.  Brj^ant,  Myihol :  "In 
our  island  the  exhibition  of  those  manly  sports  in  vogue  among  country 
people  is  called  camping:  and  the  enclosures  for  that  purpose,  where 
the}-  wrestle  and  contend,  are  called  camping  closes."  Kampyitg  crook 
miglit  therefore  stand  for  some  kind  of  a  statf  used  in  athletic  contests. 
One  of  the  definitions  of  crook  in  the  N.  E.  D.  is  "  a  barbed  spear,"  but  it 
can  hardly  have  that  meaning  in  this  place,  as  the  crook  mentioned  does 
not  seem  to  be  a  warlike  weapon. 

Dr.  Skeat  suggest  that  bessellys  may  stand  for  baissel(le)  from  Fr.  baisser, 
to  lower,  and  refers  to  the  term  "knock-em-down"  as  applied  to  a  skittle. 
Shetyn  at  bessellys  may  thus  mean  to  play  or  shoot  at  skittles.  I  have, 
howevei',  since  seen  in  Halliwell  and  the  N.  E.  D.  bercel,  meaning  a  mark 
to  shoot  at,  an  archer's  butt.  In  the  Prompt.  Parv.,  pp.  32,  56,  this  word 
appears  under  five  diiferent  forms,  bercel,  berseel,  bertel,  byrselle,  bersell. 
Cf.  Pilg.  1.  15305,  where  Lydgate  writes  mosselles  for  De  Guileville's 
moixeaulx. 

Merelles  was  another  name  for  nine  men's  morrice.  This  game  is 
played  with  nine  pieces  a  side,  on  a  board  marked  with  points  and  inter- 
secting lines.  The  aim  of  each  player  is  to  place  three  of  his  men  in  a 
row,  which  gives  him  the  right  of  removing  one  of  his  opponent's  pieces. 
The  game  is  won  by  the  player  who  succeeds  in  reducing  his  opponent's 
pieces  to  two. 

Hazard  and  passage  were  both  games  of  dice.  In  hazard  the  chances 
were  complicated  by  many  arbitrary  rules.  "There  were  two  kinds: 
French  hazard,  in  which  the  players  staked  against  the  bank,  and  English, 
or  chirken  hazard,  in  which  they  staked  against  each  other." 

"  Passage  is  a  game  at  dice,  to  be  played  at  but  by  two,  and  it  is  per- 
formed with  three  dice.  The  caster  throws  continually  till  he  hath  thrown 
dubblets  under  ten,  and  then  he  is  out  and  loseth,  or  dubblets  above  ten, 
and  then  he  passeth  and  wins." — Com})leat  Gamester,  1680,  p.  119. 

The  game  of  tables  is  the  same  as  backgannnon. 

Keyles  was  the  original  form  of  the  modern  game  of  ninepins.  It  was 
played  in  various  ways  and  with  an  uncertain  number  of  pins,  which, 
according  to  ancient  engravings,  were  placed  in  a  single  row  and  knocked 
down  by  throwing  a  club  at  them. 

Qnek  or  qvickboard  was,  with  many  other  games,  forbidden  in  the  reign 
of  Edward  IV.  Tiie  N.  E.  D.  says  it  was  '  A  chequer  or  chess-board,  some 
game  played  on  this,'  and  cites  from  Riley,  Lond.  Mem.  395,  with  the 


Notes.     Pages  311-313,  lines  11382-11476.  677 

date  1376:    "A  pair  of  tables,  on  tlie  outside  of  which  was  painted  a 
chequer-board  that  is  called  a  'quek.'"' 

The  passage  describing  Youtii  and  her  games  runs  as  follows  in  the 
first  French  version,  and  is  almost  word  for  word  the  same  in  the  second  : 
Jeunece  sui,  la  legiere  (Et)  pour  ce  piec'a  sainte  eglise 

La  giberresse  et  conrsiere  Ordena  que  ne  fust  mise 

La  sauterelle,  la  sail! ant  Personne  pour  li  gouverner 

Que  tout  dangler  ne  prise  un  gant        Qui  n'eust  pies  de  plonc  pour  aler 
Je  vols,  je  vieng,  sail  et  vole.  Si  ques  de  ce  (je)  sui  privee, 

Je  espringale,  je  karole,  Tant  com  serai  (ain)  si  duvee. 

Je  trepe  et  queur  (et)  dance  et  bale     Un  estuef  me  faut  pour  jouer 
Et  vols  a  la  huitefale,  Et  une  croce  a  souler  ; 

Je  luite  et  sail  fossez  piez  joins  Autre  croce  ne  me  faut  mie. 

Et  gete  la  pierre  au  plus  loins  Se  (je)  I'ai,  ce  sera  folie, 

Et  nuUe  fois  (je)  ne  m'esmaie  Mes  piez  tenir  ne  se  pourront 

De  trespasser  mur  (et)  ou  haie.  De  voleter  ne  ne  vourront ; 

Se  des  pommes  a  mes  voisins  Encor  ne  sui  (je)  pas  saoule 

Veul  avoir,  tost  en  leurs  gardins  De  jouer  au  gieu  de  (la)  boule, 

Sui  saillie  et  sur  i  pommier  D'aler  quillier,  d'aler  billier 

Sui  tost  rampee  et  de  legier.  Et  de  jouer  au  mereillier, 

Pour  nient  (je)  ne  sui  pas  duvee  D'ouir  chancons  et  instrumens 

Mes  pies  ne  si  emplumee.  Et  querre  mes  esbateinens. 

Mes  piez  me  porte  ou  je  veul.  En  ma  pelote  jour  et  nuit 

Eles  ont,  tu  le  vols  a  I'ueil.  Ai  plus  soulas  et  plus  deduit 

Asael  jadis  les  porta  Q.i'en  quanque  me  dit  mon  pere 

Men  chierement  les  compara  Ne    (en   quan)que   m'enseigne    ma 

(Trop)  grant  legierete  n'est  mie  Je  la  tourne  et  la  manie,         [mere. 

Souvent  bonne  a  la  vie.  (Je)  m'en  gene,  c'est  me'studie. 

Miex  vaut  i  saige  a  pies  pesans  Soing  n'ai  fors  que  de  moi  jouer 

Que  quatre  folz  or  piez  volans.  Et  de  mes  soulas  procurer. 

(Stiirzinger,  11803-55.) 

311/i  1382.  Led  men  lyuen  lyh  her  degres.  This  passage  bears  a  marked 
general  resemblance  to  Passus  VI.  of  Piers  Ploioman,  in  which  Piers 
insists  that  all  men  should  work  in  their  several  ways  for  the  general  good 
of  the  community : 

'  Bi  crist,'  quod  a  kny^te  {30  •  '  he  kenneth  us  \>e  best, 
Ac  on  \>Q  teme  trewly  '  taujte  was  I  neuere. 
Ac  kenne  me,'  quod  j^e  knyjte  •  and,  bi  cryst,  I  wil  assaye  ; 
'  Bi  seynt  Poule,'  quod  Perkyn  •  '^e  profre  yow  so  f.iire, 
])at  I  shal  swynkc  and  swete  •  and  sowe  for  us  bothe. 
And  of^er  laboures  do  for  j^i  loue  •  al  my  lyf-tyme, 
In  couenaunt  f^at  })0W  kepe  •  holi  kirke  and  myselue 
Fro  wastours  and  fro  wykked  men  •  j^at  JjIs  worlde  struj'eth." 

(11.  22-29.) 

313/11476.  In  that  noble  universyfe.  The  university  of  Paris  was  one 
in  which  the  speculative  rather  than  the  practical  side  of  learning  was 
encouraged.  It  arose  from  a  movement  carried  out  by  teachers  on  the  He 
de  la  Cite,  who  taught  under  the  licence  of  the  chancellor  of  the  cathedral, 
and  of  whom  Abelard  was  one  of  the  greatest.  It  was  around  this 
community  of  teachers  tliat  the  university  grew  up,  and  between  1150- 
1170  came  formally  into  existence,  though  its  statutes  were  not  compiled 
until  1208. 

It  became  the  model  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge  as  well  as  of  most  of 
the  universities  of  central  Europe. 


678  Notes,     rages  314-317,  lines  11503-11623. 

314/11503.   ray.     Baye  (from  Lat.  radius)  was   striped  clotl),  often 
spoken  of  as  cloth  of  raye.  Lydgate  mentions  it  in  his  London  Lyckpenny : 
"  In  Westminster  Hall  I  found  out  one 
Which  went  in  a  long  gown  of  raye." 
It  was  commonly  worn  by  the  legal  profession,  but  was  not  confined 
to  them.     A  Koyal  MS.  15.  E.  4,  has  drawings  of  a  country  woman  and  a 
husbandman  wearing  clothes  with  stripes  running  round  the  body. 

In  a  political  song  of  the  time  of  Ed.  II.  a  change  of  fashion  in  the 
direction  of  the  stripes  is  mentioned  : 

"  A  newe  taille  of  squierie  is  nu  in  everi  town  ; 
The  raye  is  turned  overthuert  that  sholde  stonde  adoun ; 
Hii  ben  degised  as  turmentours  that  comen  from  clerkes  plei." 

317/1 1614.  Balladys,  Boundelayes,  vycelayes.  The  ballade  is  a  poem, 
usually  consisting  of  tliree  seven-lined  stanzas  and  an  envoy,  which  is 
so;netimes  of  seven  and  sometimes  of  four  lines.  Each  stanza,  as  well  as 
tiie  envoy,  ends  in  a  refrain.     Three  rimes  only  are  employed. 

A  roundelay  might  be  either  a  dance  or  a  song.  Tiie  latter  consists  of 
tliirteen  verses  on  two  rimes.  Lines  1  and  2  are  repeated  at  11.  6  and  7 
and  11  and  12,  while  1.  3  is  repeated  at  1.  13.  The  rimes  run  ABB  ABAB 
ABBABB. 

A  virelay  is  an  ancient  French  poem,  composed  of  short  lines  on  two 
rimes.  Tlie  essential  point  of  a  virelay  is  the  repetition  of  the  same  rimes 
in  different  order.  (See  Dr.  Skeat's  note  on  Hoccleve's  Rhymes  and 
Chaucer's  Virelays,  inserted  in  the  E.  E.  T.  S.  Hoccleve's  Worhs,  iii.) 

317/11623.  At  treygobet  cfc  tregetrye.    The  passage  in  Verard's  edition, 
describing  the  diversions  of  Idleness,  runs  as  follows: 
Par  luy  ie  meyne  gens  au  bois  Dont  long  le  parlement  seroit 

Cueillir  fleurs,  violettes  et  nois,  Qui  tontes  dire  les  voulroit, 

En  esbatement,  en  deduit,  Et  la  leur  fois  ie  veoir  danseurs, 

En  lieu  de  ioye  et  de  delict ;  Jeux  de  basteaulx  et  de  iougleurs, 

Et  la  leur  faiz  oyr  chansons,  •  Jeux  de  tables  et  d'eschiquiers, 

liondoaulx,  balades  et  doulx  sons         De  boulles  et  de  mereilliers, 
De  herpes  et  simphonies,  De  cartes  ieux  de  tricherie, 

Et  plusieurs  autres  melodies  .Et  de  mainte  autre  muserie. 

(Ver.  fol.  xlv.) 

According  to  Halliwell  treygobet  is  "an  old  game  at  dice."  Dr.  Skeat 
points  out  that  the  word  is  evidently  composed  of  trey,  tray,  meaning 
"three,"  and  the  Et-.g.  go  bet  (as  in  Chaucer's  Book  of  the  Duchesse,  136), 
meaning  "go  more  quickly,"  "hurry  up."  Perhaps,  in  this  case,  go  bet 
might  be  taken  literally  (cp.  N.E.  D.  "to  go  one  better").  In  any  case, 
the  word  probably  represents  some  call  or  exclamation  connected  with 
the  g-ame. 

In  the  Frere  and  Boy  (1617)  III.  73,  we  read  : 

"Ye  hath  made  me  daunce,  maugre  my  hede, 
Amonge  the  thornes,  hey  go  bet." 

Tregetrye  means  juggling,  mumming,  conjuring.  Chaucer's  Franhlhi's 
Tale  contains  (11.  413-20)  a  description  of  some  of  tlie  doings  of  tregetours. 

Karyyng.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  example  of  tiiis  word  in 
an  approjjriate  sense.  Can  it  be  connected  with  Fr.  carriere,  meaiiing  a 
race?  Cobgrave  gives,  "A  Careere,  on  horse-back,  and  (more  generally) 
any  exercise  or  place  for  exercise  on  horse-back ;  as,  a  horse-race,  or  a 
place  for  horses  to  run  in,  and,  their  course,  running,  or  full  speed 
therein." 


Notes.     Pages  318-336,  liiies  116G5-1 28.70.  679 

3I8/11665.  Wernays  take.  In  Stowe  we  find  tvormes.  The  parallel 
passage  in  Cainb.  runs  as  follows  :  "And  sura  time  j  make  wormes  come 
in  the  houdes  for  to  digge  in  hem  to  tile  hem  and  to  ere  hem  with  oute 
any  sowinge." 

321/11768.  fforeyn.  According  to  Godefroj^,  forain  —  dn  dehors, 
exterieur,  ecarte.  "  Avoit  esie  ordene  que  a  la  venue  ou  entree  du  dit 
palais  nul  ne  s'arrestast  devant  la  dite  porte,  mais  passast  oultre  cliacun  h 
cheval,  et  s'espandissent  parmi  les  rues  foraines,  afin  de  y  avoir  moins  de 
presse."     (Gr.  Chron.  de  Fr.  Charl.  V.,  Ix. — P.  Paris.) 

332  et  seq.  The  editor  of  Beson  and  Sensuallyte,  in  his  note  on  637  ff. 
compares  this  discourse  in  tlie  Pilgrimage  with  the  mystical  speculations 
of  Alanus  ab  Insulis,  concerning  the  two  opposite  rotations  of  the 
firmament, — the  account  in  Beson  and  Sensuallyte  being  founded  on 
these  speculations. 

Alanus  takes  the  opposite  rotations  of  the  celestial  bodies  to  signify 
the  contest  between  the  spiritual  and  sensual  parts  of  man. 

332/12257.  Of  hym  orygynal  begynnyng.  Other  passages,  containing 
the  same  idea  will  be  found  beginning  at  1.  12301  and  1.  12377.  Cf.  also 
1.  84:7-50  and  1.  124.5-1277  of  Beson  and  Sensuallyte  and  Prof.  Sieper's 
note  on  the  first  of  these  passages. 

335/12330.  Ay  toward  the  oryent.  Barth,  De  Prop.  Berum,  Lib.  xix, 
cap.  22.  "AH  the  planets  move  by  double  moving;  by  their  own  kind 
moving  out  of  the  west  into  the  east,  against  the  moving  of  the  firmament; 
and  by  other  moving  out  of  the  east  into  the  west,  and  that  by  ravishing 
of  the  firmament.  By  violence  of  the  firmament  they  are  ravished  every 
day  out  of  the  east  into  the  west.  And  by  their  kindly  moving,  by  the 
wliicli  they  labour  to  move  against  the  firmament,  some  of  them  fulfil  their 
course  in  shorter  time,  and  some  in  longer  time." 

336/12338.  Gelum  Mobile.     See  note  to  101 /3795. 

336/12356,  etc.  In  the  Epicides,  etc.  Barth.  De  Prop.  Berum,  Lib. 
xix,  cap.  22.  "The  first  moving  of  a  planet  is  made  in  its  own  circle 
that  is  called  Eccentric,  and  it  is  called  so,  for  the  earth  is  not  the  middle 
thereof,  as  it  is  the  middle  of  the  circle  that  is  called  Zodiac.  Epicycle  is 
a  little  circle  that  a  planet  describeth,  and  goeth  about  therein  by  the 
moving  of  its  body,  and  the  body  of  the  planet  goeth  about  the  round- 
ness thereof Also  in  these  circles  the  manner  moving  of  planets 

is  full  wisely  found  of  astronomers,  that  are  called  Direct,  Stationary,  and 
Retrograde  Motion.  Forth-right  moving  is  in  the  over  part  of  the  circle 
that  is  called  Epicycle,  backward  is  in  the  nether  part,  and  stinting  and 
abiding  or  hoving  is  in  the  middle." 

336/12370.  Syth  Mycrocosme  men  the  calJe.  (See  also  42I/15638  and 
567/21 168.)  Microcosm  in  Gk.  =  little  world.  Ancient  philosophers 
considered  the  world  to  be  a  living  creature,  and  man.  being  looked  upon 
as  a  world  in  miniature  they  supposed  that  the  movements  of  mati  and 
the  world  corresponded,  and  that  the  fate  of  man  could  be  made  out  by 
observing  the  movements  of  the  stars. 

In  Appendix  IV  to  the  E.  E.  T.  S.  edition  of  the  Secrees  of  Old  Phili- 
tioffres  this  idea  is  expanded  : 

"  Oolde  philosofris  put  in  remembraunce 
])at  in  man  is  founde  grete  myracle, 
namyd  J)e  lytuUe  worlde  by  autores  allegaunce  .  .   . 
.  .  .  He  is  hardy  as  a  lyon,  dredfulle  as  ]'e  hare, 
Large  as  ]7e  cok,  and  as  a  hound  couetous, 
harde  as  a  herte  in  forest  which  doth  fare  ; 


680  Notes.     Pages  848-354,  lines  12830-13081. 

Biixnm  as  ]'e  tyrtylle,  as  lionesse  dispitous, 

Simple  as  ]'e  laml)e,  lyke  jjo  foxe  malicious  .  .  . 

.  .  .  Note  this  processe  in  ]'e  audith  coimtable 

Of  f  e  remembraunce,  and  knowe  redelie 

J»at  in  beeste  nor  thyng  vegetable 

No  thyng  may  be  vniversally, 

But  if  it  be  founde  naturally 

In  mannes  nature  ;  wherfor  of  oon  accorde 

Okie  philesofris  callidy  hj'm  \>q  lytelle  worlde." 

348/12830.  Bomney,  clarre,  ypocras.  Eomney  was  a  sort  of  Spanish 
wine,  dark  in  colour,  strong  and  thick. 

Hippocras  was  a  wine,  usually  red,  medicated  with  sugar  and  spice. 
It  was  called  by  apothecaries  vinum  Hip)pocraticu7)x  after  Hippocrates, 
the  celebrated  Greek  physician.  Tlie  following  is  a  recipe  for  Hippocras  : 
"Take  of  cinamon  2  oz.,  of  ginger  ^  an  oz.,  of  grains  a  quarter  of 
an  oz.  :  pimne  (pound)  them  grosse,  &  put  them  into  a  pottle  of  good 
claret  or  white  wine  with  half  a  pound  of  sugar;  let  all  steep  together, 
a  night  at  the  least,  close  covered  in." — 1589.  Haven  of  Health. 

Clarre  was  wine  mixed  with  honey  and  spices.  It  obtained  its  name 
from  the  fact  that  it  was  strained  to  make  it  clear. 

Malvesyn  was  malmsey,  a  corruption  of  O.F.  rnalvoisie,  from  Malvasia, 
a  town  in  Greece.     It  was  a  strong,  sweet  wine. 

Osey.  Dr.  Skeat  has  a  note  on  this  wine  in  his  edition  of  Piers 
Plowman.  He  says  that  it  seems  to  have  been  a  sweet  straw-coloured 
wine,  and  considers  that  the  name  is  a  corruption  of  Alsace,  which  in 
the  JRomance  of  Partenay  is  written  Ausoy.  The  wine  however  is  said 
by  Hackluyt  to  come  from  Portugal. 

349/12853.  Mokadour.  Cotgrave  gives  as  the  gloss  of  bavarette, 
"A  bib,  moket  or  mocketer,  to  put  before  the  bosome  of  a  child." 
Fairholt  quotes  from  the  Coventry  Mysteries  : 

"  Goo  hom,  lytyl  babe,  and  sytt  on  thi  moder's  lappe, 
And  put  a  mokador  aforn  thi  breast ; 
And  pray  thi  modyr  to  fede  the  with  pappe." 
The  word    sometimes    means   handkerchief  (Haliiwell),  and    in   this 
sense  seems   to   bo  the  same  as  muckinder,  a  handkerchief  which  was 
generally  worn  affixed  to  the  girdle.     See  Fairholt'a  Costume  in  England 
(Glossary). 

349/12857.  Bel,  Of  whom  that  speaketh  Danyel.  The  history  of 
Daniel  and  Bel  is  found  in  the  Apocryphal  book  of  Bel  and  the  Dragon. 
The  comparison  of  Gluttony  to  Bel,  "  the  ydole  that  devourede  all,"  is 
not  however  sustained  by  the  story,  which  sets  forth  how  Daniel  proved 
to  the  king  that  the  sacrifices,  which  Bel  was  supposed  to  devour,  were 
really  consumed  by  the  priests  and  their  friends, 

354/13031.  Lyk  a  botore.  See  Batman  vppon  Bartholome,  his  Booke 
De  Proprietatibus  Berum,  Bk.  xii,  ch.  28,  ed.  1582,  p.  186-7  : 
"  Of  the  Miredromble. 
The  Miredromble  is  called  Macrocalas,  and  is  a  bird  that  maketh 
noyse  in  the  Winter,  and  hath  small  chins  in  his  iawes,  in  which  bee 
taketh  first  meate,  and  then  sendeth  it  to  the  second  wombe  ;  For  he 
hath  two  worabes :  in  that  one  onelye  hee  taketh  meate,  and  in  that 
other  onely  he  seetheth  and  defieth.  But  the  first  is  taken  instead  of  the 
crop  of  the  throat,  as  Isidore  saith.  In  Greeke  Onacrocalus  is  called  a 
Birde  with  a  long  bill  :  and  there  be  two  manner  kindes  :  One  is  a  water 
foule,  and  that  other  a  foule  of  desart;  and  he  that  dwelleth  in  Water  is 


Notes.     Pages  360-394,  lines  13269-14605.  681 

a  bird  of  great  gluttonye,  and  putteth  the  bill  downe  into  the  water,  and 
maketh  a  great  noise,  and  is  enimie  namely  (specially)  to  Eeles,  and  the 
pray  that  liee  taketh,  he  swalloweth  sodinly,  &  se7i(leth  it  into  his 
wornbe.  And  then  he  cheweth  and  moueth  his  iawes,  as  he  held  meate 
in  his  mouth."  .  .  .  [Batman :  "  Onocrotalus  is  as  bigge  as  a  Swan, 
which,  putting  his  head  into  the  water,  brayeth  like  an  asse."] 
In  Verard's  edition  the  lines  run  as  follows  : 

"  Pour  neant  nay  pas  comme  ung  butor 
Deux  ventres,  car  butordement 
Je  parle  a  chascun  lourdement."     (fol.  1,  bk.) 
For  the  history  of  the  word  botore,  see  the  N.  E.  D. 
36O/13269.  Mcdebouche.     Malebouche,  Danger  and   Shame  were    the 
guardians  of  the  Rose-tree  in  the  Romance  of  the  Rose  : 
"  And  yet  of  Daunger  cometh  no  blame, 
In  reward  of  my  daughter  Shame, 
Which  hath  the  roses  in  hir  warde, 
As  she  that  may  be  no  musarde. 
And  Wikked-Tunge  is  with  these  two 
That  suflfrith  no  man  thider  go  ; 
For  er  a  thing  be  do  he  shal  .  .  . 
Seye  thing  that  never  was  doon  ne  wrought ; 
So  moche  treson  is  in  his  male."     (11.  3252-63,  Skeat's  ed.) 
Jean  de  Meun  says  also  that  Wikked-Tunge  kept  the  fourth  gate 
"with  soudiours  of  Normandye."     (1.  4234.) 
— and  speaks  in  another  place  of  the  hinder  gate  : 
"  That  Wikked-Tunge  hath  in  keping, 
With  his  Normans,  fulle  of  jangling."     (11.  5851-52.) 
367/13539.  bonclie  sore.     "To   bounche  or  pusslie  one;  he  buncheth 
me  &  beateth  me  ;  il  me  pousse."    Palsgrave.     Compare  Piers  Ploumvxn, 
Prol.  74  : 

"  He  bonched  hem  with  his  breuet  &  blered  here  eyes." 
375/13857-8.  "iJe  no  ropys  mad  at  Clervaivs 

ffor  they  wer  maked  at  Nervaws." 
Camb.  has  :  "Thei   ben  not  cordes  of  cleernans  (for  cleeruaue)  but 
thei  were  made  of  synewes  al  blak  and  twyned  and  out  of  my  wombe 
drawen." 

In  Petit's  edition  these  lines  run  : 

"Ne  sont  pas  cordes  de  clervauls 
Ains  furent  faictes  a  noirvaulx." 
383/14180.  Tfie  castel  of  landoton.  Possibly  to  be  identified  with 
Chateau  Landon,  formerly  the  chief  town  of  Gatinais,  which  was  taken 
by  the  English  in  1436  and  rescued  by  the  French  the  following  year. 
(See  Notes  and  Queries,  Ser.  VII,  vol.  ix,  p.  177.)  I  cannot  however 
establish  any  connection  between  this  place  and  the  idea  of  scorn  and 
contempt. 

335/14224.  That  the  cijte  of  Babiloun.  Daniel  iv.  30:  "The  king 
spake,  and  said,  Is  this  not  this  great  Babylon,  that  I  have  built  for  the 
house  of  the  kingdom  by  the  might  of  my  power,  and  for  the  honour  of 
my  majesty  ?  " 

385/14224.  A  Reuene.     See  iEsop's  fable  of  the  Fox  and  the  Crow. 
394/14605.  And  as  the  fox.   This  story  is  to  be  found  in  the  Roman  du 
Renart.     "Si  coume  Renart  manja  le  poisson  aus  charretiers." 


G82  Notes.     Page  395-410,  lines  14654-15226. 

395/14654.  My  song  to  hem  is  ^'placebo."  To  sinj^  "^jiacebo"  meant 
'to  flatter."  The  expresaion  is  used  in  this  sense  in  Chaucer's  Somnour's 
Tale,  1.  366  : 

"  Beth  war  tlierefor  witli  lordes  how  ye  pleye. 
Singeth  Placebo,  and  I  shal,  if  I  can, 
But  if  it  be  unto  a  povre  man. 
To  a  povre  man  men  sholde  hise  vyces  telle 
But  uat  to  a  lord,  tliogli  he  sholde  go  to  helle." 
397/14720.   The  unycorn.    The  reference  in  this  passage  is  probably  to 
some  traditional  mode  of  hunting  the  unicorn.     One  way  of  using  the 
muTor  in  hunting  is  described  by  Bartholomaius  Anglicus  in  his  description 
of  the  tiger  in  De  Prop.  Berum,  Lib.  xviii,  cap.  civ.     "  He  that  will  bear 
away  the  whelps,  leaveth  in  the  way  great  mirrors,  and  the  mother  fol- 
loweth  and  findeth  the  mirrors  in  the  way,  and  looketh  on  them  and  seeth 
her  own  shadow  and  image  therein,  and  weeneth  that  she  seeth  her  chil- 
dren therein,  and  is  long  occupied  therefore  to  deliver  her  children  out  of 
the  glass,  and  so  the  hunter  hath  time  and  space  for  to  scape,  and  so  she 
is  beguiled  with  her  own  shadow,  and  she  followeth  no  farther  after  the 
hunter  to  deliver  her  children."     (R.  Steele's  edition.) 
In  Julius  Ccesar,  Act  II.  sc.  i.  we  are  told 

"  That  unicorns  may  be  betray'd  with  trees, 
And  bears  with  glasses,  elepliants  with  holes, 
Lions  with  toils,  and  men  with  flatterers." 
There  were  various  traditions  about  the  nntameaijle  fierceness  of  the 
unicorn.     Gower  refers  to  one  in  the  Mirour  de  Vhomme,  1563-1569: 
"  Del  imicorn  ce  dist  Solyn, 
N'il  poet  danter  aucun  engin, 
Mais  moert  ainz  qu'on  le  poet  danter, 
Tant  ad  le  cuer  gross  et  ferin." 
Topsell  also,  in  his  History  of  Four-footed  Beasts,  bears  testimony  to 
the  fierceness  and  wildness  of  the  unicorn,  but  adds  that  a  young  virgin 
has  an  irresistible  attraction  for  him,  so  that  in  her  presence  he  would 
become  gentle  and  tame,  and  might  easily  be  captured  by  the  hunters. 
402/14920.  ffor  taslayn  Kyng  Davyd.     See  1  Samuel  xviii.  6-11. 
4O6/15078.    Tryphon.     See   Maccabees   xii.  39,  xiii.  1-34.     Tryphon, 
having  placed  Antiochus  upon  the  throne  of  Asia,  afterwards  plotted  to 
depose  him.    He  was  opposed  by  .Jonathan  Maccabfeus,  and  fearing  him, 
he  met  him  deceitfully  with  gifts  and  good  wonis  and  enticed  him  to 
enter  the  town  of  Ptolomais,  where  he  slew  his  men  and  kept  Jonathan  a 
prisoner.     Then  Simon  Maccabeus  rose  up  to  deliver  his  brother,  and 
Tryphon  treated  with  him,  promising  to  release  Jonathan  if  money  and 
hostages  were' given.     These  were  sent  by  Simon,  but  still  Tryphon  did 
not  let  Jonathan  go,  and  presently  slew  him. 

After  this  he  killed  Antiochus  and  made  himself  king  in  his  stead,  and 
"  brought  a  great  calamity  upon  the  land." 

410/15226.  St.  Nicholas.  The  story  here  referred  to  is  that  of  one  of 
the  most  startling  miracles  of  St.  Nicholas  of  Myra. 

A  certain  innkeeper  was  accustomed,  in  a  time  of  scarcity,  to  steal 
children,  and  serve  up  their  flesh  to  his  guests.  On  one  occasion  St. 
Nicholas  came  to  his  inn,  and  the  host  placed  before  him  part  of  the  bodies 
of  three  boys,  whom  he  had  kidnapped,  murdered  and  salted  in  a  tub. 
Nicholas,  however,  at  once  perceived  the  nature  of  the  food  placed  before 
him,  and  going  to  the  tub  he  made  over  it  the  sign  of  the  cross,  where- 
upon the  three  children  rose  up  whole  and  sound. 


Notes.     Pages  413-421,  lines  15338-15366.  683 

The  life  and  miracles  of  St.  Nicholas  are  recounted  at  length  in  Mrs. 
Jameson's  Sacred  and  Legendary  Art. 

413/15338.  Tryade.  This  word,  which  has  been  fully  explained  by 
Morley  in  liis  Lib.  of  Eng.  Lit.,  p.  21,  comes  from  theriaca,  the  name  of  a 
medicine,  supposed  to  be  capable  of  preventing  or  curing  the  effects  of 
poison,  compounded  by  Andromachus,  physician  to  Nero.  Modern  treacle 
is  a  corruption  of  it.  The  word  is  frequently  found  in  writers  of  this 
period.     Cf.  Piers  Plowman,  I.  146  : 

"  Loue  is  triacle  of  heuene." 
Chaucer,  Caiit.  Tales  (Skeat),  C  314-17: 

"  By  corpus  bones  I  but  I  have  triacle  .  .  . 
Myn  lierte  is  lost  for  pitee  of  this  mayde," 
413/15352.  I  make  mortreivs  cfc  colys.     Mortrewes  was  a  kind  of  soup 
made  either  of  meat  or  tish  and  other  ingredients,  stamped  and  crushed  in 
a  mortar.     See  Skeat's  note  to  Chaucer's  Prologue,  1.  384. 

Colys  (Fr.  coleis)  was  also  a  kind  of  broth.  Mrs.  Glass  (1767)  uses 
this  word  in  the  form  cullis,  as  do  modern  cookery-books. 

41 6/ 1 5459.  For  thogh  in  helle  wer  seyn  lohn.  These  lines,  as  well  as 
II.  21218-21222  on  p.  566,  bear  a  striking  correspondence  to  the  words  of 
Marlowe  and  Milton  on  the  same  subject,  and  show  that  the  materialistic 
view  of  tlie  future  life  was  not  the  only  one  prevalent  in  the  Middle  Ages. 
Milton's  words — put  into  the  mouth  of  Satan — -are  well  known  : 
"  The  mind  is  its  own  place,  and  in  itself 

Can  make  a  heav'n  of  hell,  a  hell  of  heav'n." — Bk.  T.  254-5. 
"  Wliich  way  I  fly  is  hell;  my  self  am  hell."— Bk.  IV.  75. 
"  the  more  I  see 
Pleasures  about  me,  so  much  more  I  feel 
Torment  within  me,  as  from  the  hateful  siege 
Of  contraries ;  all  good  to  me  becomes 
Bane,  and  in  heav'n  much  worse  would  be  my  state." 

Bk.  IX.  119-23. 
Perhaps  less  familiar  are  Marlowe's  lines  : 

Faustus.  "  How  comes  it  tlien  that  you  are  out  of  hell  ?" 
Mephis.  "Why,  this  is  hell,  nor  am  I  out  of  it; 
Think'st  thou  that  I  who  saw  the  face  of  God 
And  tasted  the  eternal  joys  of  heaven 
Am  not  tormented  with  ten  thousand  hells 
In  being  deprived  of  this  ?  "     (Sc.  iii.) 

Mephis.  "Hell  hath  no  limits,  nor  is  circumscribed 
In  one  self  place;  for  where  we  are  is  hell, 
And  where  hell  is,  there  must  we  ever  be  ; 
And,  to  conclude,  when  all  the  world  dissolves, 
And  every  creature  shall  be  purified 
All  places  shall  be  hell  that  is  not  Heaven."     (Sc.  v.) 
420/15608.  For  I  have  ^carmen  et  ye.'     See  Dr.  Aldis  Wright's  note  in 
the  Koxburghe  Club  edition  of  Canib.,  p.  220,  in  which  he  points  out  that 
the  Laud  MS.  has  curamen  in  ve,  and  that  Petit  has  carmen  en  ve.    Camb. 
has  "  sorwe  &  waylinge,"  which  gives  the  sense  we  should  expect.    If  we 
take  curamen  to  mean  the  same  as  cura,  we  get  the  same  meaning  as  in 
Camb.      Ve  stands  for  vm  (adv.). 

421/15666.  ludicum  maketh  mencioun.  Judges  ix.  15:  "And  the 
bramble  said  unto  the  trees.  If  in  truth  ye  anoint  me  king  over  you,  then 
come  and  put  your  trust  in  my  shadow:  and  if  not,  let  fire  come  out  of 
the  bramble,  and  devour  the  cedars  of  Lebanon. ' 

riLGUIMAGE.  Y  Y 


G84 


Notes.     Pages  428-487,  lines  15944-16256. 


428/15944.  Adonay.  Adonai  was  a  Hebrew  name  for  the  Almighty, 
being  the  plural  form  of  Adon  =  Lord.  It  was  useei  by  the  Jews  instead 
of  Jehovah,  for  fear  of  breaking  the  third  commandment  by  the  direct 
mention  of  the  most  Holy  One. 

435/16195.  Theojjhilus.  This  Theophilus  was  a  legendary  bishop  of 
Adana  in  Cilicia.  He  was  deposed  from  his  office  through  slander,  and 
in  order  to  be  reinstated,  sold  himself  to  the  devil.  On  his  repentance  and 
prayer,  however,  the  Virgin  Mary  came  to  his  assistance,  and,  taking  the 
bond  he  had  signed  from  the  devil,  restored  it  to  Theophilus.  See  also  p. 
44G/11613. 

437/16256.  That  I  radde  onys  off  seynt  Bernard.  In  Verard's  edition 
there  follows  a  prose  Latin  treatise  or  prayer  which  was  translated  into 
English  by  Lydgate.  In  Petit's  edition,  however,  the  prose  is  absent  and 
we  find,  instead,  the  following  lines,  Foeillet,  Ivii.  col.  2  ; 


Et  que  me  vint  a  remembrance 
D'une  parolle  que  iadis 
J'auoie  veu  et  leu  es  escripz 
Sainct  Benard,  qui  ainsi  disoit : 
Qn'k  trestous  les  griefz  qu'on  auoit, 
On  denoit  son  refuge  faire 
A  la  dame  tout  debonnaire. 
Mere  de  Dieu,  Vierge  Marie, 
Qui,  a  bien  aider,  ne  fault  mye 
A  ceulx  qui  s'enfuyent  et  s'en  vont 
A  elle  /  k  tons  besoings  qu'ilz  ont. 
A  lui  done,  de  cueur  fiz  mon  pry, 
Et  d'elle  ie  fiz  mon  refuy, 
De  mon  pouoir  la  coUaudant, 
Et  ce  que  s'ensuit  lui  disant  : 
Royne  de  misericorde, 


0 


Oil  qui  du  cueur  t'inuoquera 
En  toutes  affaire(s)  qu'  aura, 
Se  tu  ne  lui  es  gracieuse 
Doulce  et  misericordieuse. 
Pour  ce,  mere  du  souurain  iuge, 
Humblement  viens  a  mon  refuge. 
Aide  moy,  dame  de  pitie, 
En  ceste  grand  aduersite 
Ou  tu  me  vols  du  tout  perdu, 
Se  par  toy  ne  suis  secouru  !  ' 
Et,  se  tu  dis  que  n'ay  mery 
Enuers  toy  d'obtenir  mercy, 
Ne  iamais  pardon  recouurer. 
Par  ce  que  tousiours  retourner 
J'ay  voulu,  a  ma  vie  damn^e   C-^^/*] 
Encores  tousiours  empiric, 


De  paix,  de  doulceur  et  Concorde,    Sans  point  me  vouloir  tenir  quo}', 


Apres,  de  mes  maulx,  le  deluge, 

Je  m'en  viens  k  toy,  k  refuge 

En  ma  tres  grant  necessite, 

Selon  que  i'en  suis  excite 

Par  sainct  Bernard,  mon  devot  pere,i 

Qui  me  dit,  '  que  ie  te  requiere 

En  tout  ce  que  i'auray  mestier 

Et  besoing,  sans  rien  exceptor. 

Se  les  vens  de  temptation 

(Dit  il)  ou  tribulation 

T'assailient  /  regarde  rcstelle. 

Et  appelle  Marie  la  belle. 

Se  d'orgueil  ou  d'ambition, 

D'enuie  ou  de  detraction 

Tu  es  infeste  /  n'oblie  mye 

De  tantost  inuoquer  Marie. 

Se  paresce  /  ire  /  ou  auarice, 

Luxure,  ou  quelcon(]ue  autre  vice 

Ilurte  la  nef  de  ta  pensee, 

A  celle  qui  onques  lassee 

Ne  fut,  de  benefices  faire. 

La  doulce  Marie  debonnaire. 

T'en  fuy  /  et  la  prie  qu'cllc  ait  soing 


Helas,  (lamel  ce  poise  moy. 

Bien  sauez  que  presentemeut 

Ay  bon  vouloir  d'amendement: 

Auec  ce  /  tant  one  ne  mesfiz 

Enuers  vous  n'enuers  vostre  filz, 

Comme  fist  iadis  Theofile  ; 

Car  se  i'ay  fait  des  niaulx  cent  mille, 

Toutesfois  n'ay  ie  pas  nye 

Vostre  bonte  /  ne  renye 

Le  doulx  lesus,  ainsi  qu'il  fist 

Pardon,  apres  vous  en  requist, 

Et  doulcement  luy  pardoimastes, 

Et  vers  vostre  filz  inipetrastes 

Pour  luy  grace  et  reunion, 

Et  pleniere  remission, 

'  Dame,  pas  pis  ne  me  ferez, 

Et  grace  vous  m'ympetrerez 

Maintenant,  et  toule  mon  aage 

De  faire  mon  jit;lerin;ige 

Si  bien  et  conuenablemcnt, 

Qu'  auecques  vous,  finablemcnt, 

Et  auec  vostre  benoist  lilz, 

Puisse  regner  en  paradis.' 


back. 


Notes.     Pages  447-463,  lines  16652-17271.  685 

De  t'iiider  a  ce  grant  besoing.  k  Insi  comine  i'eii  fait  nion  pry, 

Se,  par  nniltiplication,  XI.  La  faiiiesse  qui  ni'etit  oj', 

Ou  par  reiteration,  Me  dist,  puis  que  mis  ie  u'auoye 

De  tes  peclies  es  innolue  Jus  nion  bourdon,  et  quis  auoye 

De  tous  poinctz  /  et  enuelope  Eefuge  bou  et  suffisant, 

En  trop  dure  obstination,  Qu'  elle  se  cesseroit  a  tant. 

Et  es  en  desperation  ^  '  Je  suis  (distelle)  tout  ainsi  TiI- 

De  ianiais  point  ne  t'amender,  Que  le  veut,  qui  inaine  k  Fabry,  ''."'■'■ 

Ne  a  bonne  vie  retourner,  Et  destoiirne  lesfueilles  cbeues,   a' 

line  toy,  plorant,  deuant  Marie,  Ou  les  rachasse  vers  les  nues, 

Et  qu'elle  t'ayde  /  la  supplie,  A  refuge  t'ay  fait  aler, 

Lui  disant,  par  bonne  fiance,  Et  deuers  les  nues  regarder, 

Bon  amour  et  bonne  esperance,  Qui  es  vne  fueille  seiclide, 

Ce  que  la  deuot  sainct  Benard  Et  deiect^e  et  desuoj'^e 

Lui  disoit  en  vne  autre  part:  En  cestuy  cbemin  maleureux, 

'Cele  et  nye  ta  misericorde,  Oun'est  pas(doutmeschief  est)  seulz. 

(Disoit  il),  dame  de  Concorde 

447/16652.  Ad  orAilutn.  The  apparent  gap,  referred  to  on  p.  447, 
appears  not  to  exist,  as  the  contents  of  the  next  passage  in  Verard  are 

much  the  same  as  in  Lydgate.  The  next  sentence  in  Ver.  begins:  "Tu 

secunda   consolatio    mea   est."  Possibly   some   copyist   put   the    Latin 
catchword  by  mistake. 

447/16668.  To  declyn  by  medyacion.  Mediation  is  an  astrological 
term,  meaning  either  (1)  mid-day,  or  (2)  the  moment  of  the  culmination  of 
a  star. 

448/16713.  Cum  beato  Petro.  See  St.  Matt.  xiv.  28. 

450/16784.  Thylke  Tree  which  that  Danyel  spak  off.  Dan.  iv.  10-12: 
"  I  saw,  and  behold  a  tree  in  the  midst  of  the  earth,  and  the  height  there- 
of was  great.  .  .  .  The  leaves  thereof  were  fair,  and  the  fruit  thereof 
much,  and  in  it  was  meat  for  all:  the  beasts  of  the  field  had  shadow  under 
it,  and  the  fowls  of  heaven  dwelt  in  the  boughs  thereof,  and  all  flesh  was 
fed  of  it." 

451/16808.  fValhjn  as  a  man  detect  'with  Nabiigodonoser.  Dan.  iv.  33  : 
"The  same  hour  was  the  thing  fulfilled  upon  Nebuchadnezzar:  and  he 
was  driven  from  men,  and  did  eat  grass  as  oxen,  and  his  body  was  wet 
with  the  dew  of  heaven,  till  his  hairs  were  grown  like  eagles'  feathers,  and 
his  nails  like  birds'  claws." 

451/16825.  O'iire  fenne  fader.  Ferme  or  forme,  meaniug  Jirst,  \va.s  one 
of  the  few  remnants  in  M.E.  of  the  old  superlative  in  -ma,  of  which  we  still 
have  traces  in  uttermost,  innermost,  etc.  The  O.E.  word  was  forma, 
Goth,  fruma.  In  N.E.  we  have  foremost,  which  is  really  a  double 
superlative. 

456/17017.  In  Tribulacione  iyiuocasti  me.  Psal.  Ixxxi.  7:  "Thou 
calledst  in  trouble,  and  I  delivered  thee." 

462/17243-4.  The  maner  eh  off  thy  mawmet.  Shape  lyk  a  marmoset. 
Mawmet  is  a  corruption  of  Mahomet,  and  came  to  stand  for  anything 
worshipped  idolatronsly. 

O.F.  Marinoset  comes  from  L.  Lat.  ynarmoretum,  a  grotesque  figure, 
orig.  a  small  marble  figure  adorning  a  fountain. 

463/17269-71.  An  abbey  unjch  .... 

Was  fou,ndyd  besyden  a  cheker. 

'■'■  Ft.  eschiquier.  This  word  is  thus  explained  by  Roquefort :  '  Lieu  ou 
s'assembloieut  les  commissaires  que  le  Roi,  les  Princes   souveruins  ou 


686  Notes.     Pages  468-484,  lines  17474-18103. 

grands  vassaux  envoyoient  dans  leurs  domaines.  Dans  la  province  de 
Normandie  cette  cour  etoit  perniaiientre,  et  en  1250  on  y  portoit  appel  des 
sentences  des  bailiffs.'  See  also  Du  Cange's  Glossary,  sub  voc.  '  Scaca- 
riuin.'  The  word  is  introduced  here  as  being  radically  connected  with 
the  game  of  'eschecs'  or  'chess'  which  is  described,  and  the  reader  will 
at  once  recognize  in  it  the  origin  of  our  Court  of  Exchequer." — (Ancient 
Poem  of  Guillaume  de  Guileville,  Note,  p.  xxxv.) 

468/17474.  For  I  resemble  unto  that  hound.     See  ^Esop's  fable  of  The 
Dog  in  the  Manger. 

479/17902.  I  will  not  spekyn  of  no  frerxjs.  See  note  to  I5/535. 
479/17914.  Processionerys.  This  word  is  written  pocessionerys  in  the 
MS.  Possessioners  were,  according  to  Mr.  Wright,  "the  regular  orders 
of  monks,  who  possessed  landed  property  and  enjoyed  rich  revenues." 
Dr.  Skeat  thinks  that  in  some  cases  the  word  may  have  been  applied  to 
beneficed  clergy. 

480/ 1 7940.  Sijmon  Magus  d;  Gyosy.  For  Simon  Magus  see  Acts  viii. 
By  Gyosy  is  to  be  understood  Gehazi  (2  Kings  v.  20-27). 

48O/17973.  travas.  I  have  been  unable  to  find  the  word  in  this  form. 
It  probably  stands  either  for  (1)  travesse  =  a  pass:  "  Tiie  fabricke  was  a 
mo mtaine  with  two  descents  and  severed  with  two  travesses''  (Masrpie 
of  the  Inner  Temple  and  Gray's  Inne,  1612);  or  for  (2)  travers  =  a  barrier, 
a  shding  door  or  movable  screen.  "A  travers  slided  away."  Masque  at 
Ashley  Oastle,  Marston. 

48 1/17987.  They  feed  themselves  with  hahoundaunce.  We  may  com- 
pare with  this  passage  Milton's  indictment  of  the  clergy  in  Lycidas,  in 
which  he  brings  against  theni  the  very  same  accusations  as  were  made  by 
Lydgate  in  this  poem.  Cf.  also  Piers  Plowman,  Prol.  83-99,  wliere 
Langland  gives  an  account  of  the  clergy  who  forgot  that  they  had  received 
their  tonsure : 

"  in  tokne 
AtuI  signe  pa,t  l^ei  sholden  shryuen  here  paroschienes, 
Prechen  and  prey  for  hem  and  the  pore  fede," 
and  went  instead  to  London  to  seek  for  sinecure  offices  with  rich  emolu- 
ments attached  to  them. 

483/i8o88.  And  lohan  that  I  am  an  drapere.  In  Piers  Ploioman,  V. 
209,  Avarice  resorts  to  the  drapers  to  learn  how  to  cheat : 

"  Thanne  drowe  I  me  amonges  draperes  my  donet  to  lerne 
To  drawe  Jse  lyser  alonge  pe  lenger  it  semed; 
Amonge  J^e  riclie  rayes  I  rendred  a  lessoun, 
To  broche  hem  with  a  paknedle  and  plaited  hem  togyderes. 
And  put  hem  in  a  presse  and  pynned  hem  J^erinne, 
Tyl  ten  ^erdes  or  twelue  hadde  tolled  out  l^rettene." 

484/18103.  I  walke  ahonten  xoith  pardons.  Cf.  with  this  passage 
Chaucer's  Prologue,  I.  692  f,  and  the  Prologue  to  i\\e  Pardoner's  Tale,  1. 
335  f.,  as  annotated  in  Morris  and  Skeat's  editions. 

lu  the  second  Frencli  version  there  is  an  interesting  addition  to  tliis 
list  of  wonders  in  the  shape  of  an  account  of  the  practice  of  baptizing 
dead  children : 

"  Aucuneffois  faiz  baptisez 
Daucuns  petiz  enfans  mors  nez. 
Dessus  lautier  ic  Ics  faiz  mectre 
Qui  ressemble  tout  massis  estre, 
Mais  il  est  tout  crcux  par  dcdeus; 


Notes.     Pages  484-494,  lines  18130-18488.  G87 

Et  par  certains  soubzterremens 
Des  cliarbons  ardans  ie  soubziuectz 
Et  laultier  eschaufer  ie  faiz, 
Qui  a  lenfant  doiine  chaleur. 
Et  puis  ie  monstre  que  vigueur 
II  3'a  et  dy  quil  est  vivant 
la  soit  ce  quil  soit  tout  puant 
Et  tel  puant  ie  Ie  baptise. 
Et  par  ainsi  a  moi  iatise 
Or  et  argent  a  ma  prebende. 
Qui  chose  est  horrible  et  horrende 
De  baptizer  une  clmroigne."      (Ver.  fol.  Ixxi.) 
484/18130.  fret-ful  =  freightfull,  fully  loaded,    fret  =  the   fraught  or 
freight  of  a  ship.     (Cotgrave.) 

489/18308.  Of  colore  adust.  Adust  conies  from  Lat.  adnstus,  pp.  of 
adurere,  to  burn,  scorch.  Tlie  term  was  much  used  in  medicine  and  was 
applied  to  a  supposed  state  of  the  body  which  included  dryness,  heat, 
tliirst,  and  a  burnt  colour  of  the  blood.     See  exs.  in  N.E.D. 

492/1 8414.  In  colys  to  roste  Seynt  Laurence.  The  storj-  of  St.  Laurenc  e 
is  told  at  length  in  Mrs.  Jameson's  Sacred  and  Legendary  Art.  The  epi- 
sode referred  to  in  the  text  is  as  follows.  When  Sixtus  II.  was  condemned 
to  death  he  commanded  his  deacon  Laurence  to  distribute  the  church 
treasures  to  the  poor,  in  order  that  they  might  not  fall  into  the  hands  of 
the  tyrannical  prefect  of  Rome.  This  Laurence  did,  and  when  the  prefect 
demanded  the  treasure,  he  gathered  together  all  the  fack  and  poor  of  the 
city,  and  presenting  them  to  the  prefect,  said  :  "  Behold,  here  are  the 
treasures  of  Clirist's  Church."  In  revenge  for  this  the  prefect  caused 
Laurence  to  be  stretched  on  a  gridiron  above  a  furnace. 
492/18427-8  :  At  merels  d:  the  hotemunt 

At  hasard  <£•  at  the  devaunt. 
For  merels  and  hasard  see  note  to  306/iii8i,  etc.     I  have  not,  so  far, 
been  able  to  identify  botevaunt  and  devaunt.    The  passage  in  Verard  runs 
as  follows : 

"  Et  que  ien  pers  souuant  ma  cote 
A  mains  ieux  qui  font  denyez 
Aux  mereles,  quartes  et  dez 
Et  que  ien  vols  a  val  la  rue 
Comme  ung  oblayer  toute  iiue." 
Dr.  Skeat  points  out  that  O.F.  devant  means  "in  front  of,  ahead  of," 
and  suggests  that  devuunt  is  a  game,  gained  by  him  who  is  derant,  or  "  in 
front  of  the  rest."     From  the  context  and  the  French  original  we  may 
assume  that  it  was  a  game  of  cards  or  dice. 

Dr.  Skeat  thinks  also  that  botevaunt  looks  like  bot-deimnnt,  compounded 
of  bot,  a  butt,  a  thing  to  aim  at,  and  devant,  in  front  of.  If  this  is  so,  it 
may  have  been  one  of  the  many  varieties  of  the  game  of  skittles. 

The  "  early  mention  of  cards,  sixty  years  before  the  date  of  their 
introduction  into  France,  (was)  supposed  to  be  an  interpolation  of  Pierre 
Virgin,  in  retouching  the  poem  of  De  Guileville;  but  .  .  .  they  are 
mentioned  in  the  Stadtbuch  of  Augsburg,  in  1275.  .  .  .  The  invention, 
therefore,  cannot  be  ascribed  to  the  French  in  1390,  as  Mezerai  asserts." 
{Pilg.ofMan,  1859,  p.  34.) 

494/18488.  ffrenche  nor  Latyn  he  spak  noon.  This  is  probably  an 
allusion  to  the  fact  that  the  knowledge  of  magical  arts  came  from  the 
East,  and  their  principal  exponents  were  found  among  the  Arabians. 


G88  Notes.     Pages  496-503,  lines  18586-18835. 

496/18586.  I  make  a  cerde  large  and  round.  For  an  account  of  the 
process  of  incantation  and  invocation  of  spirits  see  Secrees  of  Old  Phili- 
soffres,  note  to  p.  16,  1.  495.  Tlie  pentangle  mentioned  in  tliis  description, 
within  which  it  was  necessary  to  stand,  was  a  pentagon  inside  a  circle, 
and  not  the  "endless  knot"  or  five-pointed  star  of  Sir  Gaiuayne  and  the 
Grene  Knight. 

500/18735.  As  whylormvas  Kyng  Salamoun,  etc.  Solomon  was  said, 
to  he  the  king  of  the  jinns  and  fairies,  and  to  be  able  to  command  them 
to  do  anything  he  chose.  Amongst  other  works  he  employed  the  genii 
in  building  the  Temple.  According  to  the  rabbis  he  liad  a  signet-ring 
which  revealed  to  him  all  he  wished  to  know,  and  gave  him  power  over 
the  inhabitants  of  the  unseen  world. 

Virgil.  Tales  of  his  magical  powers  grew  up  during  the  Middle  Ages 
(not  from  any  contemporary  records),  and  were  very  widely  dispersed. 
Amongst  other  stories  there  is  one  that,  finding  the  devil  in  a  bottle,  he 
undertook  to  release  him  after  learning  all  his  arts,  and  that  he  first 
employed  his  magical  power  in  the  creation  of  a  perfect  woman.  Some 
critics  consider  these  tales  to  be  of  popular  and  Neapolitan,  others  of 
literary  origin. 

For  Albalart  we  should  read  Abelard,  the  name  being  printed  Abe- 
leard  in  Verard's  edition.  But  for  this,  I  should  have  taken  the  reference 
to  be  to  Albertus  Magnus,  since  the  rationalistic  views  of  Abelard  seem 
very  far  opposed  to  any  spiritualistic  and  magical  practices.  His  unortho- 
doxy  and  scepticism,  however,  being  misunderstood,  probably  gave  rise 
to  tides  of  his  propensity  for  necromancy. 

Gyprian  was  a  magician  of  Antioch,  a  learned  man,  deeply  versed  in 
astrology  and  necromancy,  and  of  great  power  to  raise  demons.  To  this 
man  there  resorted  a  certain  youth,  who  desired  to  win  the  love  of  a 
Christian  girl  called  Justina,  who,  however,  had  devoted  herself  to 
chastity  ami  the  service  of  God.  Cyprian  undertook  to  help  the  youth, 
but  on  seeing  Justina  he  fell  so  deeply  in  love  with  her  that  he  deter- 
mined to  win  her  for  himself,  and  ernploj'-ed  all  his  arts  to  that  end. 
Justina,  however,  resisted  him,  and  by  her  purity  and  steadfastness  so 
worked  upon  the  mind  of  Cyprian  (who  found  that  not  even  his  familiar 
demon  had  power  over  her)  that  he  himself  became  a  Christian,  and 
finally  suffered  martyrdom  with  her  in  the  Diocletian  persecution. 

(See  Butler's  Lives  of  the  Saints,  and  j\Irs.  Jameson's  Sacred  and 
Legendary  Art.)  In  the  Secrees  of  Old  Philisoffres,  1187-90,  Lydgate 
again  refers  to  Cyprian. 

502/18792.  Duke  of  Fryse.  This  story  is  told  of  the  Frankish  mis- 
sionary, St.  Wulfran,  and  a  certain  King  Radbod.  Radbod,  having  been 
deeply  touched  by  Wulfran's  teaching,  consented  to  become  a  Christian. 
At  the  last  moment,  however,  just  as  he  was  about  to  receive  the  sacra- 
ment of  baptism,  he  inquired  of  Wulfran  what  had  been  the  fate,  after 
death,  of  all  his  ancestors  who  had  died  in  a  state  of  heathenism.  Wulfran 
promptly  replied  that  they  were  undoubtedly  damned,  whereupon  Rad- 
bod, declaring  that  if  that  were  so  he  would  be  damned  with  them,  refused 
to  be  baptized,  and  relapsed  into  heathenism. 

(See  Lives  and  Legends  of  English  Bishajys,  Kings,  etc.,  Mrs.  Arthur 
Bell.) 

503/18835.  -And  is  in  heuene  stelliffyed.  This  is  a  connnou  expression. 
Cf.  Temjde  of  Glas,  6/135-6: 

"  She  was  magnified 
With  lubiter  to  bein  Istcllified." 


Notes.     Pages  506-527,  lines  18972-19755.  089 

Cf.  also  Chaucer's  Hons  of  Fame,  1001-8 : 

"  How  goddes  goiine  stellifye 
Brid,  tisli,  beste,  or  him  or  here 
As  the  Raven,  or  either  Bare  .... 
How  alle  these  arn  set  in  hevene." 

5O6/18972.  The  (jreete  counceyle  at  Nycene.  The  great  Council  of 
Nicea  was  summoned  by  the  Emperor  Constantine,  A.D.  325,  in  order  to 
settle  the  questions  raised  by  the  Arian  heresy.  St.  Augustine  was  one 
of  the  greatest  opponents  of  heresy,  and  was  especially  engaged  in  the 
refutation  of  the  errors  of  the  Pelagians  and  the  Donatists. 

511/19163.  Ortigometra.  This  is  supposed  to  be  the  landrail  or  corn- 
crake, which  belongs  to  a  group  of  birds  fitted  for  progress  on  either 
land  or  in  water,  and  with  wings  not  very  well  adapted  to  long  flights. 

6I5/19288.  And  to  an  hererwyte  in  deseH.  I  have  been  unable  to 
identify  this  tale.  Stories  of  the  wiles  of  the  devil  were,  however,  very 
common,  and  Dom  John  Chapman,  O.S.B.,  has  called  my  attention  to  one 
in  Cassian,  Coll.  ii.  7:  "De  monacho  qui,  deceptus  a  diabolo,  voliiit 
filiam  suum  immolare."  In  this  story,  the  devil  appears  to  the  monk  as 
an  angel  of  light,  and  leads  him  to  believe  that  it  would  be  pleasing  to 
God  if  he  were  to  sacrifice  his  son  to  Him. 

517/19368.  Karow.  Crier  haro  on  harol  snr  =  to  ciy  out  upon,  or  to 
make  a  hue  and  cry  after.  According  to  the  ancient  opinion  this  cry  was 
used  in  Normandy  by  those  who  were  wronged,  as  if  to  implore  the  aid  of 
Duke  Rol,  but  modern  etymologists  throw  doubt  upon  this  derivation. 
Diez  suggests  O.H.G.    hara  =  here. 

"  Clarnenr  de  haro  =  a  claim  of  those  who  are  in  possession  of  land 
which  others  seek  to  put  them  from." 

In  Gilbert  Parker's  The  Battle  of  the  Strong,  the  scene  of  which  is 
laid  in  Jersey,  the  heroine  says  before  the  magistrates:  "Haro!  Harol 
Monsieur  le  Prince,  on  me  fait  tort !  "  No  prince  was  present,  but  this 
was  the  formula. 

517/19386.  Ryght  as  dyde  Jnlyan.  The  emperor  Julian  was  brought 
up  as  a  Christian,  but  afterwards  became  a  pagan.  There  is  a  legend 
that  he  made  a  compact  with  Mercury  to  sell  his  soul  to  paganism  in 
return  for  the  promise  of  the  Imperial  crown.  He  devoted  much  of  his 
energy  to  an  attempt  to  discredit  the  Christian  prophecies  and  to  restore 
paganism.  He  wrote  a  book  against  the  truth  of  Christianity,  and  is  said 
to  have  indulged  in  divinations  and  secret  arts,  whence  he  came  to  be 
regarded  as  a  powerful  necromancer,  who  had  sold  himself  to  the  devil. 

527/19755.  My  mayster  Chancer.  Ten  Brink  considers  that  Chaucer's 
translation  of  De  Guileville's  ABC  belonged  to  about  the  same  period 
as  his  version  of  the  legend  of  St.  Cecilia.  He  points  out  that  Chaucer's 
A  B  C  is  rather  an  imitation  than  a  translation  of  De  Guileville's. 
"  The  stanza  of  the  original,  which  consisted  of  twelve  short  lines  of  verj^ 
involved  rhyme,  was  changed  by  Chaucer  into  the  more  dignified  and 
serious  form  of  a  stanza  of  eight  decasyllabic  lines.  The  imitation  is  also 
rather  free  in  things  of  greater  importance  ;  the  French  stanza  most 
frequently  sketches  out  the  thought  in  a  general  way,  while  the  corre- 
sponding English  stanza  gives  it  more  exhaustively,  or  enlarges  upon  it ; 
in  other  cases  when  the  parallel  stanzas  have  the  same  contents,  there  are 
often  deviations  in  the  arrangement  of  the  thoughts." 

Two  stanzas  of  De  Guileville's  Poem  are  given  for  purposes  of 
comparison. 


GOO  Notes.     Pages  533-539,  lines  19953-20182. 

A  toy  du  monde  le  refui  Bien  voy  que  par  toy  confortes 

Vierge  glorieuse,  m'en  fui  Sera  mes  cuers  descoiifortes. 

Tout  confns,  ne  puis  miex  faire,       Quer  tu  es  de  salu  porte. 
A  toy  me  tieu,  a  toy  lu'apay  Si  je  siiis  mal  tresportez 

Relieve  inoy,  abatu  suy;  Par  vii  larrons,  pecliies  niortez 

Vaincu  m'a  mon  avers:iire.  Et  erre  par  voie  torte, 

Puis  qu'en  toy  out  tous  repaire         Esperance  me  conforte 
Bien  me  doy  vers  toys  retruire  Qui  a  toy  hui  me  raporte 

Avant  que  j'aie  plus  d'anuiiy.  A  ce  que  soie  deportez 

N'est  pas  luite  necessaire  Ma  povre  arine  je  t'aporte  : 

A  moy,  se  tu  debonnayre,  Sauve  la  ;  ne  vaut  que  niorte 

Ne  me  sequeurs  comme  a  autrui.  En  li  sont  tons  biens  avortez. 
533/19953.  And  eek  that  Longius  his  herte  pighte.  Longius,  usually 
called  Longinus,  was  the  Roman  soldier  who  pierced  the  heart  of  our 
Saviour.  He  is  said  to  have  been  afterwards  converted  to  Christianity, 
and  to  have  suffered  martyrdom.  The  spear  with  which  he  delivered  the 
blow  is  said  in  the  Romance  of  King  Arthur  to  have  fallen  into  the  posses- 
sion of  Joseph  of  Ariinathea,  who  brought  it  to  England.  There  is  also  a 
tradition  that  it  is  preserved  among  the  treasures  of  St,  Peter's  at  Rome. 

533/19967.  Zaeharie  yaw  clepeth  pe  opem  welle.  Probably  a  reference 
to  Zechariah  xiii.  1. 

535/20040.  The  noble  wijse  Tholomee.  In  this  passage  Claudius  Ptole- 
ma3us,  tlie  chief  exponent  of  the  system  of  astronomy  which  was  called 
after  him,  and  which  continued  in  universal  acceptation  until  the  sixteenth 
century,  is  confused  with  one  of  the  kings  of  Egypt  of  the  same  name. 
Claudius  Ptolemy  was  himself  a  native  of  Egypt,  and  flourished  in 
Alexandria  about  the  middle  of  the  second  century  A.D.  His  Gentyloge, 
mentioned  in  1.  20615,  is  a  work  called  Centiloqulum,  from  the  fact  of  its 
containing  a  hundred  aphorisms  on  astrological  subjects. 

538/20152.  And  as  the  doctonr  seynt  Anstyn.  In  Verard's  edition,  the 
sidenote  to  this  passage  gives  the  reference  Lib.  V.  De  Oivitate,  cap.  vi. 
This  chapter,  however,  which  is  upon  the  difference  in  the  sexes  of  twins, 
and  the  resulting  differences  in  their  future  lives,  is  really  an  argument 
against  the  influence  of  the  stars.     St.  Augustine  saj'S  plainly: 

"  The  mind  of  man  is  not  subject  unto  any  of  these  phases  of  the  stars  ; 
those  artists,  now  desiring  to  bind  our  acts  unto  this  that  we  see  them 
free  from,  do  shew  us  plainly  that  the  effects  of  the  stars  have  not  power 
so  much  as  upon  our  bodies  .  .  ." 

"  What  fonder  affection  can  there  be  than  to  say  that  that  figure  of 
Heaven  which  was  one  in  the  conception  of  them  both  had  not  power  to 
keep  the  sister  from  differing  in  sex  from  her  brother,  witli  whom  she  had 
one  constellation,  and  yet  that  the  figure  of  heaven  which  ruled  at  their 
nativity  had  power  to  make  her  differ  so  far  from  him  in  her  virgin's 
sanctimony." 

It  is  rather  difficult  to  see  how  De  Guileville  could  have  so  far  mis- 
understood St.  Augustine's  meaning,  if  Verard's  sidenote  really  gives  the 
proper  reference. 

539/20182.  The  Stocyenes.  De  CmYaie,  Lib.  V.  cap.  viii.  "  Of  their 
opinion  that  give  not  the  name  of  Fate  the  position  of  the  stars,  but  unto 
the  dependance  of  causes  upon  the  will  of  God"  seems  to  be  the  ground 
of  these  lines,  and  of  the  assertion  concerning  the  opinion  of  Homer  on 
this  ))oint. 

"Homer's  verses,  translated  into  Latin  by  Tully,  are  as  these  arc: 
'Tales  sunt  hominum  mcntcs  (pialis  pater  ipse 
lupiter  auctifferas  lustravit  luniine  terras.' 


Notes.     Pag&s  539-570,  lines  20185-21359.  691 

'We  would  not-  bring  poetic  sentences  for  confirniation  of  this  ques- 
tion, but  because  tlnit  TuUy  saith,  that  the  Stoics,  standing  for  the  power 
of  Fate,  use  to  quote  this  ]dace  of  Honier,  we  now  alledge  tbeni,  not  as 
his  opinion,  but  as  theirs,  who  b}'  tliese  verses  of  Fate  sliewed  in  their 
disputations  what  they  thouglit  of  Fate,  because  they  call  upon  Jove, 
whom  they  held  to  be  that  great  God,  upon  Avhose  directions  these  causes 
did  depend.' " 

539/20185.  Mathesis.  This  is  the  Greek  fxaBricris,  meaning  "learning." 
The  word  was  very  couimonly  employed  in  the  Middle  Ages,  and  eventu- 
ally came  to  be  personitied. 

545/20416.  Thys  tooknys  nor  thys  boioys  grene.  Cf.  the  proverb, 
"  Good  wine  needs  no  bush.''  The  custom  of  indicating  a  j^ublic-house 
by  a  bush  or  bough,  hung  outside,  was  Roman,  and  there  was  a  Latin 
proverb  :  '•  Vino  vendibili  hedera  non  opus  est."  In  France  a  peasant 
who  wishes  to  sell  his  vineyard  places  a  green  bush  over  his  door, 

549/20595.  ffor  whan  cryst,  in  swych  A  cas.     See  St.  John  ix,  1-3. 

549/20608.  And  davyd  seyth.     See  Psalm  xix.  1,  2. 

550/20615.  And  in  hys  Gentyloge.     See  note  to  535/20040. 

552/20698.  Pywmancye,  etc.  See  the  explanations  of  these  modes  of 
divination  in  the  notes  to  p.  16  of  the  Secrees  of  Old  Philisuffres.  See  also 
2'/ie  Assembly  of  Gods,  notes  to  p.  26/867-870. 

552/20714.  The  myghty  man  Neptanabus.  The  name  should  be 
Nectanabus.     He  was  the  reputed  father  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

According  to  the  legend,  Nectanabus,  a  king  of  Egypt,  foresaw,  through 
his  magic,  that  he  should  be  overcoine  by  his  enemies,  and  this  befalling, 
he  fled  to  Macedon.  There  seeing  the  queen  Olimpias,  wife  of  Philip,  he 
fell  in  love  with  her,  and  by  means  of  a  dream,  induced  by  magic,  brought 
her  to  believe  that  she  was  destined  to  be  the  paramour  of  a  god.  Having 
deceiv^ed  her  thus,  he  was  able,  through  his  magic  arts,  to  take  advantage 
of  her  delusion,  and  the  outcome  of  this  uniou  was  a  son,  wlio  afterwards 
became  Alexander  the  Great.  The  story  is  told  at  length  in  Gower's 
Confessio  Amantis,  Bk,  VI. 

555/20800.  Gyrces.  For  Cyrces  we  should  read  Syrtes,  meaning  qm'ck- 
sands,  or  s;indbanks.  The  name  is  specially  applied  to  two  sandbanks 
on  the  north  coast  of  Africa. 

56 1/2 1 060.  Bythalassus.  Can  this  be  a  miswriting  (both  in  the  French 
and  English  versions;  for  Di-thalassos?  The  latter  word  means  either 
(1)  divided  into  two  seas,  or  (2)  between  two  seas,  where  two  seas  meet, 
as  otf  a  headland  ;  used  for  the  meeting  of  currents  in  the  Syrtes. 

The  second  sense  agrees  well  with  the  context. 

566/21222.  That  is  hys  hevene  <£•  nothyng  ellys.  See  note  to  p.  416/ 
1 5459- 

567/21268.  Ytffyl  thus  of  Yjwcras.  This  story  of  Plnlemon  (or  Pole- 
mon)  and  Hippocrates  is  also  given,  with  extra  details,  in  the  Secrees  of 
Old  Philisoffres  (11.  2479-2520).  As  the  editor  of  that  text  points  out  in 
the  notes,  the  story  is  really  told  of  Zopyrus  and  Socrates.  "Polemon 
was  the  only  writer  on  physiognomy  known  to  the  Arabs,  and  Socrates  is 
not  very  different  in  its  Arabic  form  from  Hippocrates,  who  was  far 
better  known." 

570/21359.  -^  chace  at  hem  that  ther  in  Boioe.  "To  row"  here  means 
"  to  swim."     We  may  compare  Beoxmdf,  1.  512 : 


G92  Notes.     Pages  573-617,  lines  21508-23107. 

"  pa  git  on  sund  reon, 
pasr  git  eagor-streSm  earmum  fehton." 
"Then  you  swam  in  the  sea 
Where  you  covered  the  ocean-stream  with  your  arms." 
573/21508.   ^ja?t"Jiys  =  palms   of   the   hands.     "But   it  is   such    safe 
travelling  in  Spain  that  one  may  carry  gold  in  the  pawn  of  his  hand." — 
lloicelVs  Letters  (Nares). 

576/21583.   In  thylke  dyrke  fyr  (nat  bryht).     We  may  compare  with 
this  line  Cyuewulf s  idea  of  tiie  appearance  of  the  flames  of  hell. 
"  tionne  eall  j^reo  on  efen  nimecS 
Won  fyres  wa;hn  wide  tosomne 
Se  swearta  lig."— C7im-i,  Pt,  III.  11.  963-5. 
"  When  tlie  pallid  surge  of  fire,  the  swarthy  flame 
Shall  seize  all  those  tliree  tilings,  at  once,  alike, 
And  far  and  wide.'' — Gollancz's  trans. 
585/21932.    Wrappyd.     This   seems  to   stand   for   rapt,  ravished    or 
carried  away.     Cf.  Ferrex  and  Porrex: 

"  His  noble  limmes  in  such  proportion  cast 
As  would  have  wrapt  a  sillie  woman's  thought." 
It  cannot  be  taken  in  its  ordinary  sense,  since  tlie  nest  line  contradicts 
it.     Possibly,  however,  it  might  be  metathesis  of  warpyd,  cast. 

590/22095.  The  Gystexns.  Tlie  order  of  the  Cistercians  Avas  founded 
towards  the  end  of  the  eleventh  century  by  Robert,  Abbot  of  Moleme,  in 
Burgundy.  He  endeavoured  to  restore  the  exact  observance  of  the  rule 
of  St.  Benedict  in  his  monastery,  but  failing,  retired  with  twenty  monks 
to  Citeaux,  near  Ciialons,  where  he  founded  the  first  monastery  of  the 
Cistercian  order. 

The  order  of  Clugni  was  the  first  branch  of  the  Benedictine  order.  It 
was  founded  in  910,  by  Abbot  Beruon  at  Clugni,  on  the  Garonne.  The 
Cluniac  monasteries  were  remarkable  for  tlie  severity  of  their  discipline. 

The  Carthusians  were  founded  in  1080  by  a  certain  Bruno,  professor  of 
Philosophy  at  Paris.  The  first  monastery  was  built  at  Chartreux  near 
Grenoble.  Strict  seclusion  and  almost  perpetual  silence  were  distinguish- 
ing points  in  the  discipline  of  the  order. 

Fratres  Minures  was  the  name  applied  in  humility  by  St.  Francis  of 
Assi.si  to  the  order  of  monks  instituted  by  him,  better  known  as  the 
Franciscans. 

Preaching  Friars  was  another  name  for  the  Dominicans,  who  had 
received  special  authority  from  the  pope  to  preach.  At  first  the  work  of 
preaching  was  not  permitted  to  friars. 

597/22356.  Tovxhed.  Can  this  stand  for  io-sc7ieri,  meaning  "  divided, 
separated,"  from  M.E.  to-schSden?  Stowe  has  couched,  which  makes 
good  sense. 

598/22417.  Somme  caUen  hir  Placebo.  See  note  to  p.  395/14654. 
6I5/23030.  The  space  of  xxxix  yere.  This  is  one  of  the  indications 
from  which  we  are  enabled  to  gain  some  knowledge  concerning  the  life  of 
De  Guileville.  The  following  account,  of  the  entrance  of  Envy  into  the 
monastery,  is  probably  the  reflection  of  some  actual  experience  of  the 
writer's. 

6I7/23107.  frolarje.  Neither  Godefroy  nor  Littre  give  this  word.  _  It 
seems  liowever  to  be  connected  with  fruler,  the  ordinary  sense  of  wliicli 
is  to  touch  lightly.  Littre  saj's,  "(Berry.)  fruler,  battre,  dtriller;  freler, 
nieme  sens  ;  genev.  fruukr,  norm,  freuler.     D'apres  Uiez,  froler  est  pour 


Notes.     Pages  620-660,  lines  23249-24653.  693 

f rotter,  dim.  de  frotter.     On  pourrait  croire  aussi  qu'il  est  Tpouv  frosdar,  dc 
froisser." 

620/23249.  Terra  sibifrnges.     Ovid.  Ibis.  107-8: 

"Terra  til)i  fruijes,  amnis  tibi  deneget  undas 
Deneget  adflatus  ventus  et  aura  suo.'^,"  etc. 
Verard  quotes  sixteen  lines. 

633/23618.  Tlie  Prophete  Ezechiel.  Ezekiel  xvi.  49  :  "  Behold,  this  was 
tlie  iniquity  of  thy  sister  Sodom,  pride,  fubiess  of  bread,  ami  abundance 
of  idleness  was  in  her  and  in  her  daughters,  neither  did  she  strengthen  the 
hand  of  the  poor  and  needy." 

635/23701.  took  of  Egypt  the  Tresour.     See  G-en.  xi.  2  and  xii.  35. 

637/23773.  In  Egipt  whilom.     See  Gen.  xli. 

645/24093.  Seyn  Ponle  hym-silfe  saith.     See  Acts  xxvii.  31. 

655/24443.  'ii^ylk  is  nothyng  elles.  See  Arist.  Hist.  Animalium,  B.  vii. 
iii.  2. 

653/24620.  As  Barlam  telleth  of  a  kyng.  This  story  is  also  found  in 
the  Talmud,  where  we  are  told  that  a  certain  rich  man  released  a  slave 
and  sent  him  forth  with  a  ship  of  merchandise  to  seek  his  fortune.  The 
slave  was  wrecked  upon  an  island  and  lost  all  he  had,  but  the  people  of 
the  island  received  him  with  acclaTnitions  and  made  him  their  king. 

Tlie  slave,  amazed  and  dazzled,  could  not  understand  the  reason  of 
his  good  fortune,  but  on  inquiring  of  those  around  him  he  was  told  that 
the  island  was  inhabited  by  spirits  who  had  prayed  to  God  that  He 
would  send  them  j'early  a  man  to  rule  over  them.  This  prayer  had  been 
granted,  but  each  king  was  permitted  to  reign  for  one  year  only,  and  at 
the  end  of  that  time  was  stripped  of  all  and  conveyed  to  a  desolate  unin- 
habited island.  Former  kings  had  been  content  to  enjoy  their  year  of 
power  without  considering  the  future,  but  he,  if  he  were  wise,  would  send 
workmen  to  the  island,  to  till  the  ground  and  erect  houses,  in  order  that 
when  the  time  came  for  his  removal  thither  he  might  find  a  fertile  and 
inhabited  place  ready  to  receive  him. 

The  slave,  wiser  than  his  predecessors,  followed  this  advice,  and  upon 
the  expiration  of  his  year  of  power,  entered  upon  a  new  kingdom,  in 
which  he  might  henceforth  dwell  in  security  and  enjoyment. 

The  story  was  known  to  De  Guileville  in  the  romance  of  Barlaam,  and 
Josaphat,  which  was  one  of  the  ricliest  storehouses  of  legend  of  the 
Middle  Ages.  It  is  told  in  a  Greek  book,  long  ascribed  to  John  of 
Damascus.  M.  H.  Zotenberg,  however,  holds  the  opinion,  in  which 
Gaston  Paris  concurs,  that  it  was  composed  a  hundred  years  earlier,  in 
the  first  half  of  the  seventh  century,  by  a  monk  of  the  convent  of  St.  Saba. 
The  story  of  Barlaam  and  Josaphat  is  supposed  to  be  a  Christianized 
version  of  the  life  of  Buddha.  Barlaam  was  a  Christian  hermit,  who,  in 
the  third  or  fourth  centur}-,  converted  an  Indian  prince  called  Josapliat, 
and  as  a  means  to  his  end  made  use  of  a  large  number  of  ancient  folk- 
tales and  fables,  which  he  interpreted  spiritually. 

The  romance  was  translated  into  nearly  every  European  language 
during  the  Middle  Ages.  For  a  full  account  of  it  see  Poemes  et  le'gend^es 
dn  Moyen  Age  by  Gaston  Paris,  and  Barlaam  and  Josaphat,  English 
Lives  of  the  Buddha,  by  .Joseph  Jacobs. 

66O/24653.  As  whylom  ded'e  seynt  Loivys.  The  prayers  and  fastings, 
the  alms,  and  compassion  of  St.  Lewis,  "his  mercy  meynt  with  ryghtwes- 
nesse"  may  be  illustrated  by  many  incidents  and  habits  of  his  life. 
Amongst  the  religious  or  charitable  monuments  erected  by  him  were  the 


604  Notes.     Page  G60,  line  24653. 

abbey  of  noyaiiniont,  on  tlie  building  of  wliicli  he  sometimes  worked  with 
liis  own  hands,  several  hospitals,  tlie  two  monasteries  of  Franciscans  and 
Dominicans  in  Paris,  and  many  churches  and  chapels. 

He  was  accustomed  to  indulge  in  man}'  of  the  practices  of  asceticism, 
such  as  the  wearing  of  hair-cloth,  the  use  of  tlie  discipline,  and  strict  con- 
trol of  his  appetites;  but  he  never  allowed  these  practices  to  become 
obtrusive  or  to  interfere  with  the  proper  execution  of  his  royal  duties. 

Towards  the  poor  he  displayed  always  great  compassion,  "often 
serving  them  at  table,  washing  their  feet,  and  visiting  them  in  the 
liospitkls"  {Butlers  Lives  of  the  Saints).  "He  protected  the  poor  from 
the  oppressions  of  the  great,  and  would  not  suffer  his  own  brotliers  to 
pass  the  limits  of  law  and  equity."  Ho  led  two  crusades,  both  of  which, 
however,  proved  disastrous  to  his  armies,  and  died  himself  in  1270,  of  the 
pestilence  which  attacked  his  second  expedition  at  Tunis. 


695 


GLOSSARY. 


a,  adj.  all,  I79/6838. 

a,  prep,  on  ;  a  syde,  on  her  side,  89/ 

335°- 
a.  vb.  have,  7/253. 
abaisshed,  abaysshed,  pj).  abashed, 

6I/2296,  76/2858,  173/6593,  284/ 

I0355- 

abuye,  adv.  at  bay,  6I8/23143. 
abrayde,  vh.  (1)  speak,  2O/739,  106/ 

4025;  pret.  spoke,   23/878,   161/ 

6143.      (2)    cry    out,    2O8/7415; 

pret.   cried    out,   228/8223,    242/ 

8759.     (3)  upbraid,  89/3365. 
abusyon,  n.  deception,  IO2/3852. 
abyggeii,  vb.  pay  for,  492/18440. 
abyt,  abyte,  vb.  abides,  endures,  2/43, 

171/6532,  626/23358. 
accorde,  vb.   agree,  2O8/7424,  213/ 

7602,  240/8663  ;  PP-  ygreed,  217/ 

7786. 
acroche,  vb.  lay  hold  of,  4I4/15392, 

48I/17976. 
adawed,  pp.  awakened,  7/226. 
adewhen,  vb.  bedew,  237/8551. 
aduersyte,  n.  adversity,  12.3/4832. 
aduerte,  aduerten,  vb.  consider,  96/ 

3603,  107/4033,  142/5437. 
adust,  adj.  burniug,  489/18308.    See 

Note. 
aermaiicy,  n.  aeroraancy,  divination 

by    means    of    the    winds,    552/ 

20708. 
afterd,  aiferyd,  adj.  afraid,  64/2403, 

204/7286. 
affere,   afferre,  adv.  afar,   2II/7534, 

24(;/89i2. 
afforce,   vb,    strengthen,   2I2/7566; 

2^res.  afforceth,  278/10125. 
afl'ray,  n.     (1)  fear,   46/1712,   111/ 

4202.     (2)  attack,  204/7 269. 
affte  that,  conj.  according  as,  159/ 

6072. 
aifye,   vb.  confide,  391/14470,  558/ 

20915. 
aforen,  aforn,  adv.  before,  69/2582, 

74/2759,  etc. 


afowndryd,    j^P-    foundered,    374/ 

13826. 
after,  affter,  2)'>'cp-  according  to,  74/ 

2780,  II8/4477,  236/8505,  etc. 
agaas,  n.  magpie  or  jay,  389/14415. 
ageyn,  prep,  against,  B8/3325,  94/ 

3527,  127/4837. 
aggreggyng,7i,.  increasing,  II2/4240. 
agilf,  pj).  offended,  deceived,  A  B  C, 

532/19912. 
ago,  agon,  p^p.  gone,  224/8o47,  136/ 

5184,  etc. 
agrysed,  j9p.  horrified,  II/411. 
aiourne,  vb.  imp.  cite,  summon,  ABG, 

533/19948. 
a-knowe,  1  acknowledge,  11 9/45 16; 

to  ben  a-knowe,  to  acknowledge, 

130/4955. 
albe,  conj.  albeit,  22/826 ;    al  be  yt 

so,  although,  145/5 5 56. 
albeston,  n.  asbestos,  238/86o2.    See 

Note. 
alday,    adv.    always,    82/3074,    92/ 

3449- 
alder,  of  all,  .45  0,530/19874;  alder- 

fyrst,  first  of  all,  7I/2657;  alder- 

liyest,  highest  of   all,    I29/4922; 

alderlast,  last  of  all,  228/8114. 
alengthe,  adv.  along,  at  full  length, 

140/5346. 
algate,  conj.  since,  327/i20i8. 
algatys,  adv.  always,  155/5 893,  204/ 

7288. 
allegenient,  n.  remission,  relief,  108/ 

4095,  121/4602,  596/22334. 
allegge,  vh.  alleviate,  7I/2663 ;  alleg- 

geth,  6II/22877. 
almesse,  n.  alms,  II9/4524. 
alowe,  adv.  low,  below,  I92/7130. 
also,  conj.  as,  1 68/64 15. 
amat,  amaat,  adj.  dismayed,  amazed, 

.34/1297,  647/24159. 
amende,  vb.  give  satisfaction,  224/ 

8061. 
amendement,     n.    reparation,     147/ 

5617. 


696 


Glossary. 


amendyng,  n.  amendment,  46/1718. 
amcuuse,  vh.  diminish,  635/23686; 

pr.part.  amennsyng,  633/23613. 
ammonycyon,    n.    admonition,    71/ 

2645. 
among,  (idv.  at  times,  306/iii8i. 
ampte,  n.  ant,  277/ioioi,  280/ioi88. 
aucille,  n.  hand-maiden,  ABG,  531/ 

19899. 
and,  conj.  if,  72/2671,  II7/4464,  etc.; 

and  if,  except,  I33/5072. 
annethe,  adv.  hardly,  17^/6842.    See 

unnetlie. 
annoy,  n.  annoyance,  229/8231. 
anoon,   adv.    immediately ;    annoon 

ryght,  immediately,  IO6/3992. 
answeryng,  pr.part.  corresponding, 

159/6070. 
anuUe,  vh.  destroy,  do  away  with, 

32/1220. 
apallen,  vh.  enfeeble,  94/3528. 
aparceved,  j>2).  perceived,  I38/5269. 
apayd,  appayyd,  pp.  pleased,  satis- 
fied, 7G/2840,  8U/3004,  155/5896, 

etc. 
apayre,  apeja-e,-?;?).  spoil,  become  less, 

21/786,  340/12496;  pp.  apeyred, 

127/4849.    . 
apechyd,  ^p.  impeached,  I6O/6114. 
apertly,  adv.  openly,  536/20072. 
apparayllede,  pp.   apparelled,  232/ 

8360. 
appartene,  vh.  belong,  274/9970. 
appelle,  vh.  challenge,  860/13290. 
apryved,  adj.  approved,  146/ 5603. 
armole,    n.    armhole,   armpit,    315/ 

11561. 
armure,  n.   armour,  2O2/7229,  212/ 

7598,  230/8269,  etc. 
armvrer,  n.  armourer,  2II/7547. 
arretten,  vh.  account,  ascribe,  449/ 

16731- 
arrew,  inter j.  Ml/ 12767. 
arsmetryk,  n.  aritiunetic,  314/i  1490. 
arwe,  n.  arrow,  212/7573,  214/7653. 
arwh,  adj.  cowardly,  490/ 18364. 
as,  conj.  than,  78/2914,  etc.;  as  if, 

686/23743. 
ascrye,  vh.    call   upon,    360/ 1 3291  ; 

pjp.  askryed,  challenged,  accused, 

36O/13263. 
askawnce,  adv.  aside,  1 66/6333. 
assautys,  n.  assaults,  2O4/7281,  211/ 

7543- 
assay,  n.  trial,  289/8642,  427/15871. 


assaye,  vb.  undertake,  try,  62/2323, 

71/2637,  167/6351. 
assent,  n.  opinion,  accord,  134/5 loi. 
asseth,  n.   satisfaction   (Fr.  assez), 

120/4555. 
assoyl,  vh.  solve,  explain,  I57/5997; 

imper.  267/9722. 
assoylle,  vh.pr.sij.  absolve,  69/2586. 
assurance,  n.  pledge,  52/1944. 
assure,  vh.  rely,  2/29. 
asterte,  vh.  escape,  852/12964. 
astonyd,  pp.  astonished,  242/8736. 
at,pr'ep>.  in  or  to,  314/i  1496  ;  at  two, 

in  two,  67/2504. 
atame,  vb.  broach,  enter  upon,  480/ 

17945,  645/24081. 
a-thynke,  vh.  displease,  94/3532. 
avale,  vb.   drop  down,    885/14245; 

pp.    cast    down,    274/9984,    278/ 

10130. 
avannce,  vb.  advance,  82/3078,  128/ 

4872. 
avaunt,  n.  boast,  8I8/11661. 
avauntage,  n.  advantage,  I3O/5001, 

149/5681,  etc. 
avaunte,  vb.  boast,  55/2046. 
avayl,  n.  advantage,  96/3631. 
avaylleth,  vb.  pres.  avails,  222/7988. 
avayting,  pr.  p.  awaiting,  126/4808. 
aventure,  n.  chance,  I6O/6110,  217/ 

7796. 
aventyng,  n.  vent,  887/14332. 
avout(e)rye,  n.  adultery,  864/13433. 
avowe,    vh.    acknowledge,    permit, 

591/22143. 
avys,  n.    (1)  consideration,  72/2709, 

97/3663.    (2)  judgment,  IOO/3768, 

239/8644.     (8)  opinion,  I53/5S52. 

(4)  understanding,  I58/6038,  167/ 

6365. 
avyse,  vh.  advise,  I48/5634 ;  pp.  in- 
formed, 146/5575. 
av3'se,  adj.  discreet,  well-informed, 

150/5727. 
avysely,  adv.  advisedly,  99/3750. 
avysement,  n.  discretion,  considera- 
tion, 65/2447, 153/6035. 
avysyon,  n.  vision,   I6/586,  I7/635, 

33.8/12243. 
awayt,  adv.  in  wait,  watching,  10/ 

371. 
awhapyd,  pp.  astonished,  I72/6542, 

647/24159. 
awhter,  n.  altar,  86/323oa. 
awmaylle,  n.  enamel,  I9/690. 


Glossary. 


097 


awmener,  n.  almoner,  IO5/3983  ;  pi. 

awmeiierys,  245/8858. 
awntre,  vh.  adventure,  576/2i6io. 
awreke,  pp.  avenged,  89/3329,  180/ 

6885. 
awstynys,  n.  Augustinians,  I5/536. 
awys,  n.  7I/2642.     See  avys. 
axe,   vb.   ask,    IOI/3802,    154/5862, 

120/4570;  pp.  yaxyd,  190/7048. 


ay,    n.    ( 

See  ey, 


J12,    B88/14361. 


baas,  adj.  low,  402/14898. 
bacyn,  n.  beacon,  286/8491. 
bakke,  n.  bat,  420/ 156 18. 
balke,    n.     to    make    a    baike,    to 

blunder,  mistake,  fail,  I68/6384. 
bandoun,  n.  power,  disposal,  juris- 
diction, 72/2688,    177/6753,  514/ 

19256. 
baret,  n.  strife,  220/79 13,  486/18192. 
barmfel,  n.  leather  apron,  425/15828, 

427/15907. 
batayll,    n.   battle,   212/7561,    218/ 

7832,  etc. 
baudrek,   n.  baldrick,   girdle,   647/ 

24144. 
bawm,  n.  balm,  92/3460,  298/io882. 
bayard,  n.  (bay)  horse,  304/11138. 
beere,  n.  bear,  230/8495. 
beffyl,  vh.  pret.  befell,  288/10330. 
befull,  adj.  slioidd  he  lefuU,  lawful, 

479/17913. 
behest,  n.  promise,  II9/4518,  869/ 

13635- 
behiiite,  behyhte,  vh.  pret.  promised, 

1 68/6206,  2.32/8373  ;  jip.  behyht, 

behight,     1 66/6334,    587/220I2  ; 

suhjunc.  behote,  687/21998;   pr. 

p.  byhotynge,  687/21979. 
be-iape,  vh.  beguile,  871/13688. 
beleve,  n.  creed,  394/14604. 
belwys,    bylwes,   n.    bellows,    379/ 

13990,  886/14284. 
ben,  vh.  pres.  pi.  are,  88/3306. 
here    hem    so    on    haude,   deceive 

them,  6OO/22469. 
bereth  me  an  hand,  flatters  me,  387/ 

14316. 
bern,  vb.  bear,  28/1031,  I66/6322. 
berthene,  n.  burden,  359/13248. 
beseke,  vh.  beseech,  162/6 172. 
beseyn,  2^P-  dressed,  provided,  21/ 

871,313/11468. 
besmys,  n.  brooms,  rods,  319/11713. 


bessellys,  n.  8O6/1 1 191 .     See  Note, 
best,  n.  beast,  9I/3429,  242/8742. 
besyde,    besyden,    adv.   aside,  114/ 

4334,  4341- 
bet,  adj.  better,  6I/2282,  II5/4377, 

etc. 
bewte,   n.    beauty,    I8I/6897,    218/ 

7806. 
beyn,  vh.  buy,  286/8523,  25O/9035  ; 

pr.  sg.  2.  beyst,  260/9033. 
bit,  vh.  pres.  ind.  bids,  666/24489. 
blent,    p2).    blinded,   66/2428,    138/ 

5253,  292/10674. 
blyue,  adv.  quickly,  94/3546,    126/ 

4813,  etc. ;  as  blyue,  immediately, 

I6I/5763. 
bobbaunce,     n.     ostentation,     387/ 

14307,  389/14403. 
bocchyd,  jjp.  swollen,  489/18328. 
bocli,  11.  hump,  swelling,  489/18297  ; 

^^Lbochches,  287/8565. 
boden,  j^)^'-  commanded,  5OO/18712. 
bolde,  vb.  embolden,  8O/2983. 
bole,  ?t.  bull,  354/13029. 
bolle,  pp.  inflated,  378/13982. 
bollyng,  n.  swelling,  IG8/4074. 
bombardys,  n.  instruments  like  bas- 
soons, 886/14303. 
bonche,  vh.  strike,  knock  about,  367/ 

I3S39- 
bonche,  n.  bunch,  hump,  489/18294. 
booden,  |>p.  bidden,  97/3672. 
bordoun,  n.  pilgrim's   staff,   17/6i2 

et  passiin. 
borgli,    n.    borough,   I43/5456 ;  pi. 

borwes,  294/10747. 
botaylle,   n.   limits,    boundary,   98/ 

3696.     Bee  Note, 
bote,  n.   remedy,   322/ii8i4,    ^54/ 

24429. 
botevaunt,   n.  a   game,  492/18427. 

See  Note. 
botore,  n.  bittern,  864/13031. 
bowgys,   n.    bags     (O.Fr.    boulge, 

bouge),  247/8942. 
boyst,  11.  box,  I48/5466,  899/14792. 
boystous,  adj.  rough,  churlish,  89/ 
•  3331.2O8/7436. 
brayd,  n.  throw,  twist,  661/24325. 
braydest,   vb.  pr.   resemblest,   246/ 


brenne,  vb.  btn-n,  5O7/18984;  pp. 
brent,  96/3574,  108/3900,  121/ 
4591. 

breiinyng,  n.  burning,  78/2723. 


698 


Glossary. 


breste,  vh.  burst,  428/15930. 
brestyng,  n.  bursting-,  887/14331. 
bresures,  n.  bruises,  6I9/23210. 
brocbe,  vb.  liasten,  spur,  353/13007. 
broche,  n.  spCcar,  spine  of  Ledyehog, 

419/15582. 
bromys,  n.  brooms,  92/3475. 
brond,    n.     sword,    227/8i55  ;     fl. 

brondys,  227/8 180. 
bronstoon,  n.  sulphur,  422/15676. 
brood,  adj.  broad,  127/4845. 
brooke,  adj.  broken,  46O/17160. 
brose,  vh.  bruise,  IO7/4066. 
brotyl,  cal].  brittle,  278/ioi  18,  279/ 

10146. 
brotyhiesse,     n.     brittleness,     279/ 

10157. 
brustlys,  n.  bristles,  368/13594. 
bry hours,  n.  beggars,  478/17885. 
bryd,  n.  bird,  88/3313,  2GO/9431. 
bryguunt,  n.  robber,  brigand,  3/70  ; 

pi.  brigauutys,  2O4/7274. 
brygge,  n.  bridge,  409/1;  185. 
burdon,  n.  pilgrim's  staff,  I72/6575. 

See  bordoun. 
but,  conj.  except,  77/2893,  IO8/4096, 

etc. ;  but  yiff,  except,  106/590 1. 
b^-  and  by,  adv.  one  by  one,  bit  by 

bit,  4/146,  93/3495,  122/4653. 
bydde,     vh.     pray,     beseech,     555/ 

2081 1, 
bj'ggere,  n.  buyer,  476/17787. 
'lyggyng.  n.  buying,  482/18020. 
bysine,  n.  besom,  broom,  IO6/4014, 

122/4632. 
byst,  vh.  pr.  ind.   2.  biddest,  255/ 

9225;  j)r.3.  byt,  commands,  bids, 

1 68/64 10,  358/12041. 
byth,  vh.  fv.  pi.  are,  I3O/4943. 

caas,   n.   case,    86/3222,    I75/6677  ; 

par     caas,       (1)     suppose,      by 

chance,  151/5763.   (2)  for  example, 

perhaps,  160/6 108. 
cnffe,  n.  cliaff  (of  corn),  34/1278. 
calle,  71.  caul,  web,  net,  514/19269; 

pi.  callys,  596/22339. 
callyn,  vh.  call,  461 /i 7202. 
callyoun,  n.  pebble,  4I8/15552,  425/ 

15815. 
carence,  n.  lack,  3O/1144. 
cast  aforn,  vh.  foresee,  2I4/7640. 
caste,     vh.      purpose,      3OI/11014; 

castestow,    dost    thou     purpose, 

308/1 1283. 


cast    hyr,    vh.    pivt.     set     herself, 

purposed,  4O/1500,  I43/5447. 
catel,  n.  property,  25O/9034. 
celerys,  n.  cellars,  2O6/7330. 
cely,  adj.  innocent,  288/10510,  439/ 

16357. 
cene,  n.  (Holy)  Supper,  I21/4616. 
centyloge,  n.  550/2o6i6.     See  Note, 
cerclie,  vh.  search,  II7/4444;   pr.  p. 

cerchyng,    I8/663 ;    2^F-  cerchyd, 

111/4199. 
certys,  adv.  certainly,  88/3302,  153/ 

5846. 
chalenge,  vh.  claim,  44I/16433. 
chaniberere,  chaumberere,  n.  serv- 

ant,  98/3748,  100/3765,  104/3922. 
char,  71.  chariot,  627/23401. 
charge,   n.     (1)   charge,   task,   85/ 

3196,    143/5470.      (2)  load,  208/ 

7430- 
charge,  vh.  charge,  burden,  74/2781, 

275/10002,  67/2519. 
chasteleyne,     n.     chatelaine,     608/ 

22785. 
chaumbre,  n.  chamber,  room,  106/ 

3992,  203/7251. 
chaumpartye,    champartye,   n.    re- 
sistance,    competition,      contest, 

I6I/6148,    228/8193,    647/24174. 

See  Note, 
chaunceler,  n.  chancellor  I2O/4580. 
chauntei>lure,  n.  song  and  weeping, 

2/30.     See  Note, 
chauntpartye,     n.     262/9508.      See 

chaumpartye. 
cheff,  tliis  the,  above  all,  133/5o6r. 
chek    maat,  j^p-   check-mate,    172/ 

6541,  234/8440. 
cheker,  a.  chess-board,  468/17271. 
cher,  chere,  11.  cheer,  countenance, 

appearance,    manner,    I/23,    89/ 

333i>  I't5/S543- 
cherte,   cheerte,  n.    love,  dearness, 

charity,  123/4702,  6OI/22530. 
cheryssliynge,  adj.  nourishing,  121/ 

4619. 
ches,  n.  jess,  372/13739. 
chese,  chesyn,  vh.  choose,   65/2431, 

I67/6346. 
cheventayne,  n.  chieftain,  38I/14074. 
chevysaunce,    n.     bargain,     profit, 

437/18234. 
chose,   n.   chosen   flock,   elect,   12/ 

426. 
elaml),  vh.  prct.  climbed,  69/2566. 


Glossary. 


609 


clarre,  n.  a  wine,  348/12830.     See 

Note, 
clepd,  pp.  called,  I6I/6126. 
cler,  adv.  clearly,  87/3289. 
clere,  adj.  bright,  I75/6685. 
clergie,  n.  clerkship,  learning,  287/ 

10464. 
clobbyd,  adj.  clubbed,  288/10337. 
cloos,   pp.      (1)    closed,    I69/6447. 

(2)  enclosed,  163/6212,  222/7985. 
cloos,  11.  closh,  a  game,  306/iii8i. 

See  Note, 
closour,  closure,  n.  enclosure,  ^/s;i7, 

56/2117. 
cloystrer,  n.  cloisteral   monk,  594/ 

22248. 
clyket,  n.  catch,  latch,  352/12967. 
coarte,  coharte,   vb.   coerce,  worry, 

48/1782,  657/24545. 
coffyn,  n.  box,  287/10454,  593/22223. 
coky],  n.  shell,  237/8547. 
collusions,   n.   prevarications,    180/ 

6882. 
colverhows,  n.  dove-cot,  44.S/i 6509. 
colys,  coolys,  n.  broth,  413/15352, 

415/15437. 
colyt,  n.  acolyte  (Palsgrave:  'Collet, 

the  seconde  order,  acolite'),  58/ 

2182a. 
comensal,  n.   habitual  guest,  table 

companion,  6OI/22529. 
commytted,  i^p.  sent  out,  85/3205. 
compace,  n.  stratagem,  4O5/15043. 
compasse,  vb.  measure,  encompass, 

157/5976,  183/7000. 
complyn,    n.    compline,    tlie     last 

service  of  the  day  in  monasteries, 

66I/24711. 
comwne,  adj.  common,  general  or 

universal,  68/2365,  I7I/6527. 
comwne,  vb.  commune,  I7I/6528. 
concerne,  vb.  regard,  248/8983. 
conceyue,  vb.  understand,  I7O/6460. 
conduite,  vb.  guide,  46/1732. 
condygnely,    adv.    worthily,     130/ 

4937- 
conge,   n.   leave,   permission,    163/ 

6197,  245/8850,  297/10848. 
coniunt,  ^j5.  conjoined,  I49/5682. 
coniurysoun,    n.    conjuration,    498/ 

18662. 
consnyl,  counsayl,  n.   counsel,  96/ 

3602,  217/7763. 
constannce,  n.  constancy,  firmness, 

206/7345,  22.8/8004. 

PILGKIMAGE. 


consuetude,  n.  custom,  6IO/22858. 
contagyous,  adj.  foul,  noxious,  367/ 

13532,  568/21308. 
conterplete,  vb.  plead  against,  147/ 

5600. 
contrarionste,     n.     contrariousness, 

2O8/7440. 
contraryouste,  n.  accident,  impedi- 
ment, 7/230,  398/14742. 
contrayre,   adj.    contrary,    78/2710, 

129/4902. 
contre,  n.  country,  I76/6702. 
contune,    vb.    continue,    I7O/6486; 

p}).  contunyd,  4/125. 
conuersacion,  n.  course  of  life,  276/ 

10041. 
conve^'ed,    |>p.    accompanied,    134/ 

5093- 
conyecte,  vb.  conjecture,  496/18593. 
coorbyd,  corbyd,  pp.    bowed,   374/ 

13825,  46O/17167. 
cop,  coppe,  n.  summit,  278/10138, 

521/19526. 
coquynerye,  n.  roguery,  477/17827. 
corage,  n.  heart,  9/313,  306/1 1203. 
coragous,  adj.  courageous,  2I9/7844. 
cordeler,   «.    a   machine    for    rope- 
making  (N.  E.  D.),  a  rope-maker, 

654/24413. 
cornemose,  n.  bagpipe,  389/14410; 

j}l.  cornemusys,  886/14303. 
cornowler,  n.  cherry-tree  (Fr.    cor- 

nillier),  288/10339. 
corour,  n.  courier,  65O/24262. 
coryously,  adv.  by  sequence,  239/ 

8626. 
cost,  n.  side,  86/1341,  I24/4741. 
costeyynge,  jires.  p.  going  by  the 

side,  346/12749. 
couenable,     covenable,     becoming, 

proper,    fit,    67/2490,    244/8831, 

etc. 
couert,  pp.  covered,  II4/4347. 
couertly,    adv.    covertly,    secretly, 

II8/4269. 
counfortable,  adj.  comfortable,  237/ 

8562. 
coupable,  adj.  guilty,  82/3061. 
courtyne,  n.  a  small  courtyard,  282/ 

8348. 
courtyned,  pp.  curtained,  29I/10631. 
coy,  adj.  quiet,  retiring,  287/10468, 

408/ 1 5 167. 
crampysshyuge,  adj.  cramjping,  874/ 

13823. 

z  z 


700 


Glossary. 


creaunce, 'M.  belief,  I8I/6900,  691 1, 

6924,  259/9407. 
credence,  n.  belief,  140/5 336. 
crepawd,  n.  toad,  42I/15652. 
crepyl,  n.  cripple,  46I/17211. 
criaunce,  n.  belief,  53O/19851. 
crochet,    n.  crook,  482/1S015.     See 

kroket. 
crokke,  n.  pitcher,  390/ 14460. 
croos,  n.  cross,  I8O/6852. 
croppe,  n.  top  of  a  tree,  322/ii8i3, 

521/19525. 
crowde,  n.  fiddle,  38O/14265. 
curat,  n.  care-taker,  guardian,  85/ 

3185- 

cure,  n.  care,  solicitude,  56/21 18; 
care,  85/3190;  set  no  cure,  care 
not,  124/4718;  dyde  hys  besy 
cure,  did  his  best,  I62/6155. 

cure,  vh.  cover,  59/2224  i  PP-  cured, 
6O4/22621. 

curteisye,  n.  courtesy,  I52/5803. 

curteys,  adj.  courteous,  87/3268. 

curteysly,  adv.  courteously,  106/ 
3997,4017. 

curyouste,  71.  fastidiousness,  nicety, 
350/12884. 

cusyuer,  n.  cook,  4I6/15443. 

eyroinancye,  n.  chiromancy  or  divi- 
nation by  the  hand,  564/21 157. 

cyvyle,  adj.  civil  law,  428/15916. 

dallyawne,  dalyaunce,  n.  converse, 

sport,  14/520,  215/7709, 
dampnable,  adj.  to  be  condemned, 


damyselle,  n.  maiden,  241/87 18. 

daren,  vh.  lurk,  4O8/15160. 

dareyne,  vh.  (to)  settle  by  battle,  150/ 
5720. 

daunger,  n.  power,  255/9232. 

dawntyng,  n.  taming,  33O/12136. 

debonayre,  adj.  usually  gentle,  cour- 
teous, gracious,  IO7/4044. 

deceyuable,  adj.  deceitful,  235/8490. 

deceyvaunce,  n.  deceit,  236/8498. 

declyn,  n.  declination,  92/3447. 

decljaie,  vb.  turn  aside,  deviate,  131/ 
4980,  232/8347. 

dede,  adj.  dead,  92/3468. 

dediedest,  vb.  pret.  didst  dedicate, 
47/note. 

deere,  dere,  vb.  injure,  65/2433,  123/ 
4668  ;  subj.  1 84/70 1 6. 

dees,  n.  dice,  306/1 1 193. 


defie,  vb.  digest,  (cause  to)  decay, 
253/9160;  2^2^.  defyed,  35O/12908. 

dcgre,  n.  degree,  73/2725. 

deiect,  pp.  cast  down,  451/i68o8. 

delyt,  n.  delight,  I37/5207,  154/ 
5869. 

delytable,  adj.  delightful,  27I/9856. 

deme,  demen,  deniene,  demyn,  vb. 
judge,  condenm,  65/2423,86/3241, 
149/5694,  222/7987;  p-ei.  denij-te, 
333/12238;  p2).  demyd,  I68/6412; 
pres.  p.  demynge,  74/2776. 

demeur,  adj.  demure,  145/5  543. 

demeyue,  domain,  n.  possession, 
dominion,  8O/2977,  355/13077. 

dent,  11.  stroke.  Thonder  dent,  clap 
of  thunder,  389/14400. 

departe,  vb.  divide,  67/2504,  223/ 
8009 ;  p2}.  departyd,  divided, 
scattered,  67/2496,  144/5  5 16. 

departyng,  n.  separation,  5^/1971. 

departysoun,  n.  departure,  503/ 
18848. 

depeynt,  pp.  painted,  566/20843. 

depoos,  depos,  n.  deposit,  stock, 
268/9745,  3O6/11185. 

dere,  vb.  injure,  5IO/19124. 

descryve,  vb.  describe,  II6/4389, 
205/7325. 

despyt,  n.  scorn,  contempt,  con- 
tumely, 122/4660,  209/7465  ; 
cause  of  scorn,  IO2/3855. 

d  espy  tons,  adj.  spiteful,  247/8932. 

desteyne,  vb.  stain,  92/3473. 

determyne,  vb.  end,  555/20827. 

devaunt,  n.  a  game,  492/18428.  See 
Note. 

dever,  deuer,  n.  duty,  47/1774,  93/ 
3508,  242/8725. 

devoyded,  pp.  cleared  away, 
emptied,  IOI/3831,  IIO/4163 ; 
pres.  devoydeth,  does  away,  133/ 
5052. 

devys,  n.  opinion,  IO6/4020 ;  pUm, 
122/4636. 

devyse,  vh.  tell,  explain,  set  forth, 
present,  declare,  devise,  relate, 
arrange,  design,  62/2322,76/2828, 
94/3520,  110/4170,  152/5816,  157/ 
5996,  179/6826,  202/7220. 

deye,  deyen,  vh.  die,  II3/4298,  221/ 

7944- 

deyete,  n.  deity,  84/3138. 

deynoiis,  deyngnows,  adj.  disdain- 
ful, 131/5000,420/15594. 


Glossary. 


701 


differre,  vh.  put  away,  657/24538. 
disclaundre,  n.  disgrace,  293/10704. 
discresse,  vh.  diminish,  683/23610. 
distonrble,  vh.  disturb,  trouble,  204/ 

7270 ;  pp.  dystourbled,  526/19725. 
distruyen,   vh.  destroy,  653/24374 ; 

pp.  distruyed,  689/23858. 
do,  71.  doe,  225/8100. 
do,  don,  done.  vh.  do,  cause,  make, 

124/4716,  92/3460,  129/4909,  138/ 

5264 ;  pres.  doth,  I68/6409.    be  to 

do,  ought  to  be  done,  7/262.     ye 

...  ha  do,  ye  have  done,  146/ 

5574.     have  a-do,  2IO/7516,  218/ 

781 1,     they  do  no  for,  they  pay 

no   attention,  I7I/6524.     I  dyde 

upon,  I  put  on,  2O8/7410  ;   imp.. 

pi.    dotli,   241/8705  ;    dyst,   dist, 

pret.    didst,    III/4209,   II2/4231. 

dystow,  didst  thou,  III/4211. 
dongel,  n.  dung-hill,  267/9714,  276/ 

10050. 
donne,  adj.  dun,  IOI/3830. 
doole,  11.  grief,  62O/23223. 
doom,  n.  judgment,  1 68/64 16,  1^2/ 

6555  ;  P^-  (ioomys,  170/6497. 
dor,  doore,  vh.  dare,  262/9528,  277/ 

10090,  603/2  2  5  89. 
dortour,  dortoure,  n.  dormitory,  592/ 

22191,  6O5/22658. 
dotous,  adj.  doubtful,  I66/6307, 370/ 

13662. 
doubylnesse,  n.  duplicity,  57/2137. 
doute,   n.  problem,  fear,  IOI/3802, 

425/15799. 
doute,  vh.  fear,  68/2558;  pret.  dout- 

ede,  feared,  expected,  I45/5532; 

thow  doutest,  thou  didst  wonder, 

I65/6278. 
dowhe,  dowe,  n.  dove,  378/13964, 

579/21724. 
AiaA,  pp.  dreaded,  feared,  68/2549; 

pret.  179/6838. 
drauht,  n.  behaviour,  treatment  of 

others,  46/1720. 
drawlyng,  n.  slavering,  349/12853. 
dred,  drede,  n.  doubt,  79/2972,  142/ 

5443- 

dredful,  dredefful,  adj.  stern,  causing 
dread  to  others,  44/1667,  -^90/ 
18364. 

dresse,  vh.  cause,  prepare,  direct, 
103/3889,  442/16462;  wield,  114/ 
4332 ;  arrange,  place,  set,  129/ 
4910,  183/6994,  203/7236. 


dreynt,  p>P-  drenched,  drowned,  292/ 

10678;  ydreynt,  349/12843. 
duete,  n.  duty,  8I/3045,  I8I/6920. 
dure,  xh.  endure,  233/ 84 10. 
duresse,  n.  severity,  22O/7889,  470/ 

17557. 
dwelle,  vh.  hesitate,  delay,  88/3327 ; 

wait,    IO6/4005  ;     consider,    158/ 

6033;  abide,  I8O/6859. 
dyde  vpon,  vh.  pret.  sij.  put  on,  208/ 

7410. 
dyfface,  vh.  deface,  injure,  3I/1184; 

pret.  dyffaced,  82/1205. 
dyffaute,  n.  fault,  69/2590;  pil.  dyf- 

faiites,  145/5549. 
dyffence,  n.  prohibition,  295/10775. 
dyffendyd,_p^j.  forbidden,  295/10774, 

297/10854. 
dygne,    digne,    adj.    worthy,    107/ 

4049,  244/8801. 
dyhte,  vh.  pret.  prepared,  4I3/15360. 
dymes,  n.  tithes,  49/i8i8,  642/23967. 
dyrk,  dyrke,  adj.  dark,  99/3742,  101/ 

3830. 
dvrked,  pp.  darkened,  become  dark, 

"139/5186. 
dyrknesse,    n.   darkness,    I86/5186, 

I68/6390,  192/7106,7118. 
dysavayl,    n.    disadvantage,    299/ 

109 1 9. 
dysclaundered,  pp.  disgraced,  290/ 

10595. 

dyscure,  vh.  discover,  publish,  263/ 
9550;  pp.  dyscured,  7/233. 

dysesse,  n.  disease,  discomfort,  62/ 
2326,  168/6194. 

dysfourme,  vh.  deform,  I66/6342. 

dysguesyly,  adv.  hideously,  strange- 
ly, 465/17342. 

dysguyse,  adj.  strange,  monstrous, 
468/17282. 

dysioyiit,  n.  perjilexity,  dilemma, 
232/8357,  8379,  367/13527. 

dysobeisaunce,  n.  disobedience,  80/ 
1125. 

dysparple,  vh.  scatter,  886/14298. 

dyspence,  n.  outlay,  expence,  308/ 
1 1259. 

dyspleasaunce,  n.  discomfort,  dis- 
pleasure, 229/8231,  232/8378. 

dysport,  n.  pleasure,  joy,  IO3/3897. 

dyspoyllen,  vh.  strip,  I4/499. 

dyspurveyed,  pp.  unprovided,  de- 
prived of,  55/2049.  dispurveyed, 
659/24619. 


702 


Glossary. 


(lysseuereth,  vh.  prcs.  departs,  I/16. 
(lystresse,  vh.  distrain,  472/17655. 
(lystreyne,   vh.    strain,   afiiict,   427/ 
I 


dystreyned,^j^.stretclied,  326/11957. 

dysiisance,  n.  disuse,  want  of  cus- 
tom, 229/8262. 

dyswarre,  adv.  unaware,  45O/16765. 

dyuertycle,  n.  by-path,  wayside 
shelter  (N.E.D.),  439/16351. 

echon,  each  one,  82/3085,  84/3159, 

85/3183,  etc. 
efft,  adv.  again,  86/3221. 
egal,  adj.  just,  67/2491 ;  equal,  147/ 

5612,  219/7842. 
egge,  n.  edge,  ()4/24io,  7I/2664;  2^1- 

eggys,  66/2475.  ^ 
ek,  eke,  conj.  also,  70/26 12,  75/2807, 

etc. ;  ek  also,  also,  78/2933. 
Elenchus,   Elenchis,  logical   refuta- 
tion   (see   Note),  45/1671,    1683, 

3I8/11648;  (jen.  Elenchorum,  45/ 

1670. 
fUaat,     ellat,    adj.     presumptuous, 

elated,     55/2058,    68/2530,    299/ 

10915. 
elm,  n.  helmet,  213/7608. 
eltlie,  n.  health,  well-being,  46/1718, 

121/4601. 
enibrawded,  jjijtj.  embroidered,  250/ 

9038. 
enierawd,  01.  emerald,  239/86i6. 
emerlyoun,   n.   merlin   hawk,   372/ 

13737- 
empechementys,  n.  hindrances,  22/ 

820,  204/7276. 
emplaetres,  n.  plasters,  648/24211. 
empryse,  rj,.  enterprise,  586/21965. 
enbrace,  vh.  clasp,  encompass,  208/ 

7414,    235/8475  ;    2^P-    enbracyd, 

208/743 1, 
enchace,  n.  drive  away,  11 2/4232. 
encombre,  vh.  obstruct,  502/ 18809. 
encombrous,  adj.  troublesome,  hin- 
dering, 309/11302,  320/11755. 
encomerous,  adj.  cumbersome,  489/ 

1 83 1 9. 
encress,  n.  increase,  II5/4381. 
endeles,adli;.  endlessly,  without  end, 

132/5018. 
endyte,  vh.  point  out,  8O/2980. 
engluyd,  ^jij9.  cnsTiared,  564/21 142. 
engyn,  n.  skill,  wit,    94/3553,   140/ 

5327,409/15211. 


enherytour,  n.  inheritor,  47/1771. 
enlwmj'ne,  vh.  give  light,  192/7 107. 
enoynted,  jj^;.  anointed,  86/1349. 
enqueryn,  vb.  inquire,  66/2470. 
enspyre,  vb.  put  forth,  92/3459. 
ensure,    vh.  pres.    assure,    85/3189, 

104/3937._ 
entame,  vh.  injure,  cut  open,  ABC, 

530/19869. 
entaylle,  n.  fashion,  558/20937. 
entencioun,  n.  purpose,  understand- 

ing,  53/1983,  172/6576. 
entend,   vh.  pres.   look   steadfastly, 

98/3683. 
entende,  vh.  to  be  intent,  68/2532, 

277/10103. 
entendement,  n.  discretion,  under- 
standing, 64/2413,  138/5254. 
entent,  entente,  n.  intention,  under- 
standing, mind,  69/2564,  86/3225, 
IO8/4092, 121/4601,  etc.  If  I  made 
to  your  entent,  if  I  pretended,  146/ 
5562. 
enter,  entere,  adj.  entire,  74/2762, 

117/4465,  etc. 
enterly,  adv.  entirely,  87/3273. 
entre,  n.  entry,  214/7668. 
envye,  n.  inclination,  354/13050. 
envyroun,  adv.   round    about,   176/ 

6700,  6703. 
er,  n.  ear,  88/3316;    erys,  pL  164/ 

6247. 
erdys,  71.  herdsmen,  24O/8684. 
eryng,  n.   hearing,    1 66/6304,   172/ 

6548. 
esches,  n.  chess-men,  468/17274. 
especyal,    adj.    private,    particular, 
104/3932 ;      in      especyal,     adv. 
secretly,  I45/5526,  I5O/5738. 
esperaunce,  n.  hope,  I9I/7071. 
espye,  vh.  perceive,  I42/5429. 
estaiys,  n.  classes  of  people,  I/26. 
etyk,  11.  ethics,  354/13054. 
etyn,  vb.  eat,  87/3283 ;  jj/j.  etyn,  162/ 

6170. 
euerych,  adj.  every,  84/3161  ;   each 

one,  136/5177. 
euerychon,  n.  every   one,  68/2367, 

1 1 6/442 1 . 
euerydel,  orft?.  altogether,  every  part, 

73/2740,  75/2796,  etc. 
eveue  lych,  adv.  in  similar  manner, 

335/12320. 
evene   upryht,   adv.    straight,    175/ 
6692. 


Glossary. 


703 


ewrous,  adj.  happy  (lieiireiix),  107/ 
4052,  539/20177. 

ex,  n.  axe, IO2/3857. 

exaumplere,  exiuiinplayre,  n.  ex- 
ample, 128/4901,  179/6821. 

except,  pp.  reserved,  67/2495. 

excyted,  p)p-  impelled,  8/296. 

expIeyten,^'6.  execute,  perform,  611/ 
22889. 

exspleyted,  j5^.  assisted,  333/12223. 

expone,  vh.  expound,  IO7/4040. 

exposiciouD,  exposycioun,  n.  ex- 
planation, 114/4310,  4328. 

extre,  71.  axletree,  333/12233. 

ey,  n.  egg,  I43/5467,  38O/14032. 

eyne,  n.  eyes,  78/2897. 

eyred,  pj).  laid  (of  an  egg),  380/ 
14027,  14033. 

eysel,  n.  vinegar,  4O3/14937. 

fallaas,   n.    deception,   fallacy,   45/ 

1670,  151/5753. 
falleth,  vb.  pres.  sg.   happens,  241/ 

8710;  pi.  falle,  214/7639. 
falshed,  j>p.  deceived,  157/5999. 
farderye,    ?l     painting    one's    face 

(Jig.  dissimulation),  863/13372. 
fason,  fJ'asoun,  n.  fashion,  IO2/3866, 

1 84/7022,  2OH/7423. 
faulssemblaiit,  fawssemblaunt,   adj. 

false-seeming,     358/13202,     394/ 

14596. 
faute,  tfaute,  n.  fault,  I28/4876,  208/ 

7433  ;  pi  fawtys,  288/10496. 
fawchon,  n.  falchion,  4I8/15551. 
fayl,  faylle,  flEaylle,  n.  doubt,  106/ 

4015,211/7521,212/7576. 
fayn,  adv.  gladly,  I64/6234. 
fayrye,  n.  enchantment,  255/9260. 
faytours,  n.  begging  impostors,  485/ 

18135. 
fel,  felle,  adj.  cruel,  fierce,  68/2547, 

97/3640,  127/4842. 
fel,  vh.  feel,  1 68/6404. 
fele,  adj.  many,  IO7/4045. 
fellon,  n.  whitlow,  ulcer  or  boil,  489/ 

18305  ;  pi.  ffelouns,  237/8565. 
felly,  adv.  fiercely,  298/10889,  347/ 

12766. 
fellyn,  vb.  subj.  should  fall,  63/2360. 
felth,  felthe,   n.   filth,    dirt,  26/973, 

110/4173  ;  pJ.  felthes,  IO7/4065. 
felyn,  vb.  feel,  I26/4810. 
fendys,  n.  fiends,  I26/4790. 
fere,  adj.  far,  26O/9464. 


fermc    fader,   n.    first   father,    451/ 

16825. 
fermerye,  n.  infirmary,  592/22194. 
fette,  vb.  fetch,  63/2354,  I25/4749  '1 

pret  173/6582. 
feyne,  vb.  feign,  deceive,  I2O/4553. 
feynte,  adj.  feigned,  pretended,  45/ 

1695. 
feynte,  vb.  pretend,  384/14189. 
feyntyse,  n.  faintness,  233/8414. 
ffaat,  adj.  fat,  2O8/7429. 
ffaccioun,  n.  fashion,  175/6687. 
ffiii\\e(\e,vb.pret.\vas  without, lacked, 

needed,  I7/635;  P'>'- P-  ft'ayllyng, 

20/743- 
ffardel,    n.    burden,    74/2768  ;    jj?. 

fardellys,  74/2755. 
ffarn,  vb.  pres.   pi.  act,  work,   322/ 

1 1 804. 
ffarsyd,  adj.  stuffed,  4I3/15363. 
flfayrenesse,  n.  gentleness,  46/1712. 
ffenestral,    n.    window,    266/9658 ; 

pi  ffenestrallys,  329/ 12087. 
ffers.ii.  queen  (at  chess),  468/17278. 
ffethris,  n.  feathers,  2O7/7371. 
fietysly,  adv.  neatly,  daintily,  183/ 

6996,  307/11250. 
flfleyen,  vb.  put  to  flight,  376/13891. 
fHewmatyk,   adj.    phlegmatic,   421/ 

1 5634- 
ffloutys,  n.  flutes,  887/14304. 
ft'oltysshe,   adj.   foolisli,    I69/6422  ; 

fooltyssh,  214/7661. 
ffond,  vb.  pret.  found,  2I7/7796. 
ffond,    vb.    pret.    established,    381/ 

1 408 1,  14083. 
ffonde,  vb.  try,  28I/10239. 
ffoorbysshour,    n.    furbieher,    313/ 

1 1448. 
iforewrys,  n.  coverings,  818/11470. 
fforeyn,  adj.  alien,  28/1033;   outer, 

821/11768,322/11817.     See  Note, 
ff orpossyd,  pp.  tossed  up  and  down, 

447/16670. 
fForwelkyd,pj9.  withered,  457/i7o6i. 
ffoul-hardy,  adj.  foolhardy,  65/2419. 
flrovlys,  11.  fowls,  birds,  98/3513. 
ffreelte,   n.   frailty,   217/7777,    232/ 

8365. 
ffrette,  vb.  interlace,  fret,  507/ 19006; 
jyp.    ffret,    decorated,    25O/9038 ; 

strengthened,  588/22042. 
ffryst,  first,  267/9719. 
ffwet,    n.   track,    scent    (Fr.   feute), 

349/12863. 


704 


Glossary. 


ffyaunce,  n.  trust,  281/ 10260. 
fiychche,  vh.  fix,  stick,  46/1733. 
flagelle,  n.  scourge,  632/23596. 
flawe,  |9p.  flayed,  lJ/379. 
flawine,  n.  flaTiie,  72/2720. 
flawmy,  adj.  flaming,  238/8586. 
flen,  vh.  flay,  68/2163,  2174. 
flen,  vh.   fly,    93/3513,   275/iooo4  ; 

pr.  p.  fleyng,  274/9982. 
flour,  n.  flower,  92/3455,  95/3585; 

flour  delys,  lily,  I48/5654. 
flourettys,   n.    small    flowers,    148/ 

5653- 
flytte,   vh.    remove,    8I/3030,    308/ 

1 1262. 
foisoun,   n.    abundance,    II4/4346; 

foyson,  69/2594,  109/2126. 
folwe,  folwen,  vh.  follow,  I55/5908, 

227/8168  ;  pret.  folwede,  82/3067. 
foly,    ad],   foolish,    241/8688,    285/ 

10385. 
folyly,  adv.  foolishly,  8O/2983,  104/ 

395°- 
fon,   Hon,   n.   foes,   224/8054,    240/ 

8649. 
foolj^  n.  foolishness,  214/7649. 
for,  ffor,  against,  IO/355,  224/8o65  ; 

because,  II4/4343;  of,  2II/7553  ; 

from,  451/16824. 
forbarre,  vh.  deprive,  shut  out,  95/ 

3559  5  pi'es.  forbarreth,  63/2358. 
forbern,  vh.  forbear,  98/3676 ;   pret. 

ftbrbar,  1 2/4 19. 
forboor,  pp.  forborne,  sufi'ered,  95/ 

3563- 
forbore,  pp.  forbidden,  stopped,  12/ 

430. 
force,  n.  (give  no  force,  care  not,) 

503/1 S863. 
forcloudyd,  p)p-  clouded  over,  136/ 

5186. 
forfete,  n.  offence,  254/9207. 
forgetyn,  p)}).  forgotten,  7O/2602. 
Formere,  n.  Creator,  8.3/3099. 
forour,  11.  fur,  394/14590. 
forth,  adv.  henceforward,  54/2028. 
fortlu-e,  fortliren,  vh.   further,  help, 

23/844,  177/6740. 
forthryng,  fortheryng,  n.  furthering, 

help,  2.3/847,  147/5632. 
forthy,  adv.  therefore,  85/3180,  236/ 

8494 ;    nat   forthy,    nevertheless, 

265/9629. 
fortunyd,  ppi.  favoured,  given  good 

luck  to,  4/1 26. 


ioryeie,  pp.  forgotten,  62/2335. 
foryetelnesse,  foryetyhiesse,  n,  for- 

getfulness,  6/207,  114/4340. 
fosse  caue,  n.  hollow,  463/17266. 
foster,  n.  forester,  226/8143. 
founde,  vh.  endeavour,  2O4/7284. 
fowre,  adj.  four,  I38/5251. 
franchyse,  fraunchyse,  fl'raunchyse, 

n.  right,  privilege,  89/3340,   90/ 

3372,  104/3929. 
fraunchysen,   vh.    enfranchise,    128/ 

4873- 
fre,   adj.  noble,   87/3268,   174/6623, 

234/8449. 
fressh,  adj.  brave,  286/8510. 
fret-full,    freight    full,    484/i8l3o. 

See  Note. 
fret,  vh.    devour,  irritate,    94/3533  ; 

pres.  sg.  fireteth,  322/ 1 1806;  jwe*'. 

pi.  frete,  823/11838;  ^:»r.  p.  fret- 

yuge,  devouring,  11 8/4276. 
fretyng,at(j.  biting,  irritating,  11/387. 
fretynge,  n.  biting,  92/3471. 
freytour,   n.    refectory,    592/22192; 

ffreyterward,  603/ 2 261 2. 
frolage,  n.  6I7/23107.     See  Note, 
fulfil,  vh.  accomplish,  5I/1924. 
fulfylleth,  vh.  pres.  fills,  2O6/7329. 
fulsomnesse,  7b.  fulness,  satisfaction, 

136/5173- 
fumous,  adj.  puffed  up,  I79/6848. 
fygure,  n.  symbol,  48/1787. 
fyi,  fylle,  vb.  pret,  fell,  75/2813,  216/ 

7738  ;  pret.  suhj.  sg.  288/10316. 
fyll,  vh.  %)ret.  befell,  happened,  69/ 

2562,  76/2830. 
fyn,  fiyn,  fyne,  n.  end,  conclusion, 

■  81/3017,92/3448,295/10795- 
fyne,  fl'yne,  vh.  end,  conclude,  cease, 

102/3839,  220/7913. 
fythes,    n.    tilths,     II7/4464.      See 

felth. 

gadre,  vh.  gather,  69/2564,  111/ 
4192;  pret.  gad  rede,  109/4 1 36  ; 
pp.  gadyrd,  112/4263. 

gadryng,  n.  gathering,  IIO/4167. 

gaff,  vi).  pret.  gave,  68/2552,  132/ 
5048.     See  geue. 

gambisoun,  gambesonn,  n.  doublet: 
A  quilted  coat  worn  under  arm- 
our, 205/7294,  7302. 

game,  n.  plan,  I.39/5296. 

gan,  aux.  vh.  did,  76/2828,  1 22/4642, 
etc. 


Glossary. 


705 


ganne,  gan,  gonne,  vh.  pret.  began, 
132/5039,  I8O/6870,  582/2 1 S12, 
132/5039;  pp.  gonne,  353/12990, 

garnement,   n.  garment,    205/73 11, 

211/7545- 
garneiys,  n.  garners,  2OG/7329. 
gaste,  vb.  terrify,  376/13909. 
geaimt,  n.  giant, 23I/8320,  234/8439, 

235/8463. 
gedre,  vh.  gather,  634/23663. 
generacyon,     n.    generation,     101/ 

3828  ;  pi.  generaciouns,  IOI/3818. 
gent(e)rye,  n.  courtesy,  I5I/5768. 
gentyllesse,  n.  kindly  thought,  151/ 

5773- 
Geomancye,  n.  divination  by  lines  or 

figures,,  553/20736. 
ges,  n.  jess,  6I4/23017, 
gQ^i,vb.pres.  gettest,  161/6 1 18,  309/ 

11322. 
geue,  vb.  give,  I27/4841  ;   gaff,  pret. 

68/2552,  etc. 
3eue,  conj.  if,  496/18567,  etc.;  un- 
less, 587/21991. 
gilt,  pp.  sinned  against,  665/24469. 
glayve,  n.  sword,  66/2449,  66/2461. 
glede,   11.   fiery   coal,   8O/2991,    89/ 

3352,416/15464. 
glood,  vb.  pret.  glided,  398/14772. 
glose,  vb.  pres.  interpret,  606/20086. 
glose,   n.   pretence,   8O/2991,    355/ 

13083. 
glosyng,  }!..  deceit,  263/9538. 
glouys,  in.   gloves,   2I6/7755,  217/ 

7765.' 
gnew,  vb.  pret.  gnawed,  399/14806. 
gon,  vb.  go,  121/4594,  I32/5047,  141/ 

5370;   siibj.  thow  go,  212/7593; 

ben  ago,  be  gone,  I64/6234  ;  they 

ha  be  gonne,  they  have  gone,  121/ 

4606. 
gonne,  vb.  pret.  pi.     See  ganne. 
gonne,  n.  gun,214/7676 ;  j^l-  gonnys, 

224/8065. 
goodly,  adv.  kindly,  35/1302. 
goolet,  golet,  n.  gullet,  349/12864, 

360/ 1 2899. 
gorge,  n.  throat,  347/12768. 
gorger,   oi.  gorget,  throat    armour, 

213/7608,  228/8208 ;  gorgety8,|)L 

204/7261. 
gospeler,  n.  evangelist,  296/10823. 
gotows,  adj.  gouty,  374/13822. 
gownde,   n.  purulent   matter,  239/ 

8624. 


gouernance,governaunce,n.  govern- 
ment, governance,  rule,  82/3077, 
84/3170,  156/5939. 

gouernaunce,  n.  demeanour,  be- 
haviour, 90/3370,  107/4031,  232/ 

8345- 
gouernaylle,  n.  rudder,  374/13795. 
gracyouse,  adj.  gracious,  beautiful, 

107/4053. 
grameryens,    n.   grammarians,   68/ 

2462. 
graue,  pj).  engraved,  I74/6627,  182/ 

6946. 
graunge,  n.  granary,  I42/5410. 
graunt,  n.  grant,  gift,  4/iio. 
gre  by  gre,  step  by  step,  I6/577. 
gree,  gre,  n.  favour,  goodwill ;  take 

at  gree,   receive  with   goodwill, 

6O7/22742,  6I4/23012. 
greevys,    n.    greaves,    leg-armour, 

225/8085. 
groff,  n.  grief,  229/8230. 
greff,  vb.  imp.  grieve,  229/8225. 
gres,  n.  grease,  hih  off  gres,  very 

fat,  571/21427. 
gretter,  adj.  greater,  147/ 5609, 
grevaunce,  n.  grievance,  injury,  145/ 

5554- 

greyn,  n.  grain,  corn,  34/ 128 1,  205/ 
7326. 

groos,  n.  in  groos,  as  a  whole,  111/ 
4191. 

gropyd,pp,  handled,  felt,  272/9878. 

groundyd,  pp.  based,  grounded,  23/ 
857. 

groven,  vb.  grow,  94/3516. 

groyne,  vb.  grunt,  287/10473;  pj). 
groynynge,  468/17476. 

grucche,  gruchen,  vb.  grudge,  com- 
plain,79/2969,  I62/6159;  grucche, 
pres.  sg.  1.  94/3541  ;  gruccheth, 
2)res.  sg.  3. ;  grucche,  subj.  pres. 
54/2027,  130/4962;  grucchede, 
pret.  96/3606,  207/7382;  gruche- 
het,  imp.  IO2/3849;  grucchyng, 
pr.  p.  124/4719,  214/7662. 

grynt,  vb.pres.  sg.  grinds,  376/13835. 

grypyng,  |jr.  p.  grasping,  gripping, 

16/593- 
guerdoun,  n.  guerdon,  reward,  175/ 

6679,  210/7498. 
guye,   vb.    guide,    305/iii7o,    316/ 

11584. 
guyse,    71.    manner,    94/3519,    249/ 

9014. 


706 


Glossary. 


gyderesse,  n.  guide,  192/71 17. 
gyn,   71.    snare,    contrivance,    480/ 

17971. 
gynue,  vh.  begin,  96/3622. 
gynning,   n.    origin,    79/2945,   131/ 


gytenie,  n.  guitar,  317/ii6i7. 

ha,  vh.  to  have,  I32/5014;  ^nes.  2. 

hastow,  hast  thou,  I56/5934;  si(6j. 

pres.  ha,  22O/7878. 
haberioun,  n.  liabergeon,  armour  for 

breast,   2IO/7519,   228/82o6;    pi. 

haberiouns,  208/7259. 
hable,  adj.  fit,  able,  I4/497,  I33/5070, 

222/7967. 
habondauiice,   n.    abundance,    128/ 

4876,  144/5507. 
hal,  n.  awl,  39O/14459;  pi.  hallys, 

4I8/15547. 
hals,  n.  neck,  537/20ii8. 
halt,   halte,   n.   lame   person,   629/ 

23481,  632/23598. 
halt,  vh.  pres.  holds,  I/18,  8I/3049; 

pres.  2.  153/5851,  158/6037;  2JP- 

holde,  held,  counted,  226/8 128. 
haluendel,  n.  half,  519/19474,  534/ 

19996. 
halwyd,  adj.  hallowed,  445/16570. 
hamryd,  j[32>.  hammered,  2O7/7385. 
hardy,  adj.  bold,  84/3137. 
hardyd,|>p.  hardened,  2O6/7345. 
hardyly,  adv.  boldly,  82/3088. 
hardynesse,   n.   boldness,    96/3628, 

152/5797. 
"barneys,  n.  armour,  203/7255,  213/ 

7611. 
harow!  inferj.  5I7/19368.   See  Note. 
haryng,  n.  herrings,  394/14613. 
hasteler,  n.  one  who   roasts  meat, 

414/15380. 
haterel,  n.  neck,  24I/8754. 
hault,  adj.  high,  4O2/14898. 
haunte,  vh.  practise,  22O/7898,  471/ 

17592  ;   hawntyd,  pp.  frequented, 

320/11735. 
hayr,  n.  heir,  26/989. 
hayr,    heyr,    n.    air,    nbjSbyb,   92/ 

3443- 
beet,  vh.  pret.  he  ate,  70/2 597.     See 

hetyn. 
beg,  hcegg,  heggg,  hegh,  n.  hedge, 

307/1 1233, 319/1 1686,  1 1688, 346/ 

12731. 
helm,  n.  helmet,  2I3/7625. 


hem,    pron.   them,    I24/4704,    126/ 

4793- 
heng,  vh.  pret.  S(j.  hung,  I4O/5344, 

207/7380;  pret.pl.  heiigen,  181/ 

6919  ;  i)p.  liengyd,  228/82 16. 
hente,  vh.  pret.  seized,  394/14614. 
hepys,  11.  heaps,  II5/4348. 
her,  n.  hair,  188/5281. 
hex,  prep,  here,  I6O/6086. 
her,  pron.  their,  178/68o8, 179/68  50, 

etc. 
herbergage,   n.  lodging,   22I/7934, 

592/22164. 
herberwe,  vh.  harbour,  shelter,  123/ 

4682,  592/22198. 
hereyne,  n.  spider,  235/8488 ;    hy- 

rayne,  288/8470. 
herkynd,  ^^.  listened  to,  I6I/6142. 
hertly  peyne,  n.  pain  of  his  heart, 

109/4115. 
heryn,  vh.  to  hear,  IO6/4004. 
best,  n.  promise,  24I/8705. 
bet,  n.  heat,  884/14214. 
bete,  11.  147/5598. 
hetyn,    vh.    to    eat,   I2I/4599  '■>    PP' 

hetyn,  7O/2607  ;    bete,  135/ 5 168; 

pret.  beet,  he  eat,  7O/2597. 
bevene,  heuene,  hewene,  n.  heaven, 

26O/9429,  550/20613,  20626. 
bevese,  n.  eaves,  449/16755. 
hihte,  vh.  pass,  are  called,  74/2777; 

hyglit,  is  called,  598/22408. 
hoi,  hool,  adj.  whole,  99/3747,  177/ 

6736. 
holde,  adj.  old,  862/13363. 
holde,  pp.  held,  counted,  226/8 128. 

See  halt, 
holy,  hooly,  adv.  wholly,   entirely, 

87/3272,  175/6684,  etc. 
hoole,  n.  whole,  I47/5612. 
hoole,  n.  liole,  II7/4445. 
hooly,    adj.    holy,    II8/4485,    179/ 

6836. 
hoore,  adj.  hoary,  868/13594. 
hope,  adj.  open,  I27/4841. 
horlege,  n.  clock,  I82/6933. 
hostage,     n.     entertainment,     611/ 

22907. 
howe,  vh.  pres.    ought,  444/i6545, 

6O5/22676 ;    pres.   sg.  2.  howesr, 

oughtest,  18 1/6920. 
hows,     n.    house,     I53/5840,     160/ 

6094. 
huchchc,  n.  liutch,  chest,  I78/6581, 

I84/7019. 


Glossary. 


707 


huissher,    n.    iislier,    76/2809 ;    iil. 

husslierys,  68/2186. 
hunte,    n.    liunter,    226/8143;    pi. 

huntys,  389/14412;    liontys,  388/ 

14368. 
hunteiesse,   n.    huntress,  226/8130, 

23U/8281. 
hurtle,  vh.  push,  clash,  44/1641,  398/ 

14748  ;  pr.  p.  hurtling,  47/1777. 
huske,    husk,     n.     chatf,     34/1263, 

1286. 
huskyd,  pp.  husked,  enclosed  in  a 

husk,  34/1263. 
husslierys.     See  huissher. 
hy,  adj.  high,  86/3192. 
hydous,  adj.  hideous,  242/8741. 
liye,  vh.  hasten,  5I8/19433. 
hyhte,  vb.  pret.  promised,  62/2309. 
hyr,  ^?-o?i.  dat.  to  her,  24I/8720. 
hyrayne,  n.     See  hereyne. 
hyryn,  vb.  hear,  366/13085. 

iakkys,  n.  jackets,  2O4/7262. 
iape,  11.  jest,  226/8i  1 1,  3U5/i  1 126. 
ibaj'sshed, |jp.  abashed,  23/863. 
importable,     inportable,     adj.     un- 
bearable,   364/13054,   442/16487, 

477/17839. 
in,  p>re2).  on,  23I/8303. 
indurat,    pj).    hardened,    IO8/4070, 

110/4167,299/10916. 
influe,  vb.  influence,  664/20772. 
inly,  adv.  internally,  36/1360. 
inobedyent,   adj.   disobedient,   220/ 

7899. 
locunde,   adj.  joyful,  merry,    190/ 

7038. 
logolory,  n.  jugglery,  317/11624. 
lourne,    lournee,   n.  journey,    177/ 

6744,  229/8233  ;  i'-^^^,  day's  work, 

648/20536. 
louy  pe,  joyfully  (lit.  merry  foot), 

305/11141.     See  Note. 
lowel,  n.  jewel,  I28/4884,  I64/6238, 

etc. ;  2)1.  lowellys,  176/6725. 
irous,  adj.  angry,  wrathful,  89/3348, 

97/3673,383/14155. 
luge,  71.  judge,  171/6533,^72/6550. 
lugement,  n.  judgment,  I76/6492. 
lupartye,    n.    jeopardy,     179/6843, 

342/12602. 
lurediccyon,    n.     jurisdiction,     79/ 

2957. 
iustesyed,^>j;.  judged,  punished,  43/ 

1631. 


kachche,  vb.  catch,  225/8 107. 
kam,  vh.  i^-et.  came,  I38/5278. 
kampyng    crook,    3O6/11184.      See 

Note, 
kan,  vh.  pr^es.  know,  knows,  66/2442, 

88/3303,  1 84/703 1, 
kanoun,  71.  canon   or  ecclesiastical 

law,  428/15916. 
karecte,  n.  sign,  token,  499/18704; 

pi.  karectys,  n.  signs,  characters, 

127/4845,  496/18587. 
kareyn,  n.  carcass,  corpse,  252/91 18, 

412/15301. 
karyyng,  n.  317/11624.     See  Note, 
kautli,  vb.  siibj.  should  catch,  377/ 

13926. 
kembe,   vb.    comb,    25O/9045  ;   pp. 

ykempt,  361 /i 3320. 
kene,  adj.  severe,  212/7581  ;  sharj), 

226/8137. 
kenet3's,  it.  hounds   (O.Fr.  chenet), 

421/15655. 
kep,   kepe,   n.  heed,  care,  74/2763, 

78/2912,  109/4135,  232/8369. 
kerue,  vb.  carve,  64/2410,  8O/2979 ; 

pres.  pi.  kerue,  66/2476. 
keyles,  n.  skittles,  3O6/11198.     See 

Note, 
knet,  vb.  pret.  pi.  knotted,  8O/2997  ; 

j^p.  knet,  knotted,  bound,  knitted, 

joined,  I59/6042,  I8.8/7002,   176/ 

6672  ;   pp.  yknet,  knit  together, 

1 68/6020. 
knowlychynge,  n.  knowledge,  125/ 

4766,  138/5259,  171/6540. 
knyhtly,  adv.  in  a  knightly  manner, 

4/129. 
komerous,    adj.   cumbersome,    208/ 

7412. 
konne,    vb.   know,    I2I/4605  ;  jjres. 

sg.  2.  canst,    I4I/5399;  pres.  pi. 

214/7675.     ^ee  kan. 
konnyng,  ?i.  knowledge,  skill,  cun- 
ning, 72/2702, 143/5461, 158/60I 5. 
konnynghcrys,   n.    rabbit   warrens, 

472/17628. 
koude,    ko.vde,   vb.  could,  sg.   136/ 

5188,     172/6546;    1)1.     135/5147, 

I66/6286  ;  knew,  understood,  150/ 

5711,287/10463. 
kouthe,  adj.  known,  33O/12109. 
kroket,  n.  hook,  crook,  46I/17205. 

See  crochet, 
kusshewys,  n.  armour  for  the  legs, 

226/8085. 


708 


Glossary. 


kydes,   n.   goats,   wicked    folk,    3/ 

99- 
kyiid,  kynde,  n.  Nature,  2/52,  95/ 

3593,  102/3859,  191/7092. 
kyiidely,  adj.  natural,  547/20511. 
kytlie,   vh.    make   known,   48/1798, 

287/I047I. 

lace,  n.  cord,  8/269.     ^^^  l^'^- 
ladde,  vb.  pret.  led,   sg.    I64/6236; 

pi.  140/5350.     See  lat. 
lade,  pp.  laden,  2O/729. 
lak,   n.    need,   fault,    79/2964,   647/ 

24145;    gift,     offering(?),     '389/ 

14393;  reproach,  395/14633. 
lappe,  n.  border,  hem,  493/18468. 
large;  At  large,  free,  332/i22oo. 
large,  adv.  liberally,  IO5/3984. 
largesse,  n.  liberality,  bounty,  119/ 

4523,  121/4614,  136/5174. 
las,  n.  lace,  line,  ^jL  laas,  5IO/19100, 

514/19278. 
lasse,  adj.   less,  smaller,   IO6/4019, 

176/6718,  etc. 
last,  pp.   lasted ;    ta   last,    to    have 

lasted,  28/1050. 
lasyngrye,   n.    flattery,    477/17S30. 

See  losengerye. 
lat,  vb.  pres.   leads,  I77/6762.     See 

ladde. 
laude,   n.    praise,   291/io62i,    292/ 

10647. 
launclie,  vb.  lance,  49O/18357. 
laurer.   n.    laurel,    2IO/7485,    7495, 

220/7896. 
lavendere,  n.  laundress,  IIO/4151. 
lavlyliede,   n.   lowliness,    humility, 

222/7995. 
lawhe,  Jawhen,  vb.  laugh,  282/io3oi, 

369/ 1 36 1 6 ;  imper.  iO^lJ^j  i ;  pjret. 

lovvh,  467/17426. 
lawynge,  adj.  laugliing,  52O/19484. 
leche,  n.  doctor,  7I/2665,  233/8398; 

2)1.  lechys,  7I/2666. 
lede,  vh.  take,  carry,  II5/4374,  231/ 

8304. 
leeff,    leff,   willing,   dear,    9O/3369, 

258/9371;    for    leff    or   loth,   52/ 

1942. 
lefff,   vb.   imp.   lift,    I39/5318,   164/ 

6241  ;  pres.  sg.  1.  leffte,  22/8o2. 
lefful,  adj.  lawful,  45I/16804. 
leggest,  vb.  pres.   2.  allegest,   631/ 

23559- 
lek,  n.  leek,  III/4198. 


lemerys,  n.  limehounds,  hounds  led 

in  a  leash,  572/21444. 
lenger,  adj.  comp.  longer,  88/3327, 

202/7222,  etc. 
lent,  adj.  slow,  655/24446. 
lenton,  n.  Spring,  Lent,  6I5/23055. 
4ere,  vb.  tell,  2O/758 ;  speak,  tell,  190/ 

7040 ;    learn,    75/2792,    8I/3019, 

94/3538,    111/4191,     etc.;     imp. 

lere,  209/747  3. 
les,  n.  leash  of  hounds  (three  dogs  in 

one  leash  was  the  usual  number), 

571/21424. 
lese,  rft.  to  lose,  I3I/5011,  236/8499; 

pres.    sg.    leseth,    IO4/3928,    241/ 

8717;  pp.  lorn,  273/9936. 
lestene,  vb.  to  listen,  hear,  2I6/7746, 

414/15379. 
lesyng,  n.  losing,  IO5/3968. 
lesyng,  n.  lying,  206/9265. 
lete,    vb.    cease,    leave,    relinquish, 

278/10135,  299/10946. 
lette,   vb.   delay,   hinder,   I66/6309, 

203/7240,     230/8292  ;    imp.    let, 

delay,  233/3401  ;  |»es.  sg.  lettyth, 

83/3115  ;  pret.  sg.  IO6/4027  ;  p-ef. 

sg.    2.    lettyst,    didst    delay    or 

abstain,  112/4234;  pp.  ylet,  337/ 

12402;   pp.  let,  266/9664;    im}), 

lettetli,  289/10544. 
letter,  after  the,  adv.  literally,  4/145. 
lettrure,  n.  literature,  learning,  184/ 

7031,  560/2 loio. 
lettuaryes,  n.  electv^aries,  648/24209. 
lettynges,  n.  hindrances,  335/12324. 
leue,  vb.  believe,  I8I/6925. 
leuere.  adv.  rather,  358/13176,  468/ 

17466. 
levene,  n.  lightning,  342/12569,  385/ 

14229. 
levyn,  leve,  vb.  believe,  464/17337, 

17339- 
levys,  n.  leaves,  92/3478. 
lewk,  adj.  tepid,  585/21907. 
ley  to  here,  vb.  imp.  pay  attention, 

137/5212. 
leyd,  2')p.  alleged,  set,  I54/5885. 
leyn,  vh.  lay,  leyn  the  bordys,  lay 

the   table   for   a   meal,  59/2224  ; 

made  it  leyn  vp,  caused  it  to  be 

laid  up,  142/5410. 
leyser,    n.    leisure,    97/3656  ;     by 

Icyser,   at   leisure,  93/3495,   136/ 

5175- 
lougeth,   vb.  p-es.  sg.  belongs,  168/ 


Glossary. 


•09 


641 1,  171/6512;  p-es.  pi.  loiigeii, 

101/3797;  2)ret.  sg.  longede,  160/ 

6339;  appertained,  172/6551;  suh. 

2n-es.  loiige,  I7O/6498. 
loodinanage,  n.  pilotage,  374/ 1 3801. 
lore,    n.    teaching,    1 59/6049,    213/ 

7613. 
looue,  n.  loan,  475/17738. 
loos,  n.  praise,  882/141 14. 
lorn,  jjjj.  lost,  193/7137,  273/9936. 
losengars,  n.  flatterers,  485/i8i6i. 
losengerye,  n.  flattery,  599/22432. 
loth,   adj.    unwilling,    62/1942,   90/ 

3369;    hateful,     164/626 1,     656/ 

24509. 
loute,  vb.  bend  down,  2O/731. 
lowh,  vh.  pret.  laughed,  467/17426. 
louyd,  pp.  loved,  IO7/4042. 
lust,    n.    pleasure,   desire,    78/2917, 

I8O/6870,  240/866,  etc. 
lust,  vh.  pret.  pleased,  desired,  AB 

C,  533/19962. 
lustyhede,  n.  delight,  2I8/7799. 
lycence,  n.  leave,  4.3/i6i2. 
lych,   lyche,  lyk,   conj.   I4/508,  26/ 

961,  36/1350,  47/1759;  jn-ep.  2/ 

61  ;  conj.  or  prep.  2/47,  17/62  8, 

73/2744,  etc. 
lydene,   n.   speech,   language,    36/ 

1340. 
lye,  n.  solution,  588/21855. 
lyfflode,  n.  livelihood,  594/22239. 
lyff'ree,  ti..  livery,  93/3491. 
lyft,  pp.  left,  89/3335. 
lygge,  vb.  pres.  sg.  1.  lie,  II8/4491  ; 

pres.  sg.  3.  lyth,  I51/5766  ;  j^res. 

pi.  lyggen,  1 24/4707  ;  pr.  p.  lyg- 

gynge,  204/7277,  2I8/7798. 
lyk.     (SVe  lych. 
lykerousnesse,    n.     gluttony,    347/ 

12796,354/13039. 
lyketli,   vh.  ptres.  sg.  lyketh  me,  it 

pleases   me,   IO3/3892  ;   j)ret.   sg. 

me  lykede,  it  pleased  me,  228/ 

8200. 
lyn,  vb.  lie,  268/9542. 
lyne,  adj.  linen,  37/1400. 
lyne,  n.  line ;  lyne  right,  in  a'straight 

line,  62/2311. 
lyppart,  n.  leopard,  388/14154. 
lyst,  vb.  imp.  desire,  68/2532,  72/ 

2671  ;  pres.  pleases,  8I/3019,  86/ 

3217  ;  pres.  pi.  please,  desire,  82/ 

3086;   pres.   subj.   72/2671,   241/ 

8720. 


lyst,  conj.  lest,   for  fear,    59/2229, 

ll-i/4337,  etc. 
lystres,  n.  lectors,  lawyers,  59/2196. 
lyte,  n.        ?         ,  346/12727. 
lyte,  little,  IO7/4043,  I6.5/6273,  205/ 

7300,  etc. 
lytli.     See  ligge. 
lyvelode,  n.  livelihood,  479/17915. 

Maas,  n.  mace,  2II/7533. 

mad,  vb.  j}ret.  made,  186/5181,  181/ 

6913;  pp.  makyd,  II2/4258. 
magnyfycence,  n.  power  of  doing 

great  things,  I43/5471. 
make, -y?).  cause,  8I/3024;  pret.  sg. 

made,  caused,  IO5/3981. 
makerel,  71.  procuress,  865/13478. 
makyng,  n.  writing  poetry,  5/149  j 

composition,  5/165. 
maister.     See  mayster. 
malencolye,    n.    melancholy,    103/ 

3906. 
malencolyous,  adj.  melancholy,  97/ 

3674- 
mallade,  adj.  ill,  596/22336. 
maluesyn,   71.  malmsey  wine,  250/ 

9047,  348/12831. 
malys,  n.  malice,  99/3733,  I8O/6890. 
manace,  n.  menace,   219/7860;  j'l- 

manacys,  2/65. 
maner,  n.  kind  of,  77/288 1,  8O/298S, 

etc. 
manhys,    n.   gen.    man's,    7I/2667, 

140/5363,  etc. 
manly,  adv.  boldly,  5O/1885. 
mansioun,  n.  dwelling,   habitation, 

47/1751,  55/2077,  etc. 
mardi-erys,  71.  murderers,  2O4/7277. 
margaryte,  n.  pearl,  I78/6793,  237/ 

8545. 
marke,  vb. pres.  sign,  I82/5028. 
marke,  vb.  go,  sail,  687/21993. 
marmoset,  n.  an  image,  a  grotesque 

figure,  559/20954.    See  Note, 
martews,  71.  a  game,  234/8433.     ^ee 

Note, 
mary,  n.  marrow,  649/24216. 
maryue,  vb.  me  arrive,  27O/9802. 
masaylle,  vb.  assail  me,  1 67/6366. 
masown,  n.  builder,  9/326. 
masownry,  11.  building,  28/859. 
massager,  n.  messenger,  I7O/6462, 

171/6526;    pi.   massagerys,    169/ 

6452;  messagerys,  171/6507. 
massages,  n.  messages,  I69/6458. 


710 


Glossary. 


inaunrlc,  n.  I2I/4613.     See  Note, 
iiuuindenient,    11.     command,    289/ 

10535- 

mawgre,  in  spite  of,  279/ioi 77,  297/ 
10847. 

mawniet,  n.  Mahomet,  idol,  461/ 
17206. 

mayster,  maister,  n.  master,  108/ 
4107,  150/5726,  162/6154,  etc. 

maystresse,  n.  mistress,  9I/3437, 
94/3786,  104/3926,  118/4475,  etc. 

nuiystry,  maystrye,  mystrye,  n. 
mastery,  95/3580,  219/7852,  221/ 
7921  ;  pi.  maystryes,  9O/3380, 
234/8426. 

mede,  n.  reward,  I5O/5715,  217/ 
7776,  7792. 

medle,  vh.  mingle,  44/1643. 

medwe,  n.  meadow,  92/3457. 

inedyacion,  n.  447/i6668.    See  Note. 

make,  vh.  humble,  I62/6171. 

mekerye,  mokerye,  n.  mockery,  pre- 
tence, 49/1834,  146/5571. 

melle,  n.  mill,  I42/5422,  290/io6oo. 

membrys,  n.  limbs,  disciples,  fol- 
lowers, 12/422,  427. 

memoyre,  n.  memory,  288/10309. 

mencyoun,  n.  memory,  288/8607. 

mendycauiitys,  n.  mendicants,  beg- 
ging Friars,  I5/541. 

mene,  n.  medimn,  mediator,  inter- 
mediary, 88/3120,  128/4867,  193/ 
7145,    7148;   pi.    menys,   means, 

141/5391. 
mene,  adj.  middle,  824/11876,  659/ 

24631. 
menstre,  n.  minster,  cathedral,  146/ 

5568. 
menynge,  n.  intention,  5I8/19231. 
mercerye,     n.     merchandise,     663/ 

21 124. 
mercyable,  adj.  merciful,  488/16302. 
merellys,    merels,    n.    nine     men's 

morrice,    3O6/11192,    492/18427. 

See  Note, 
merkede,  vh.  pret.  marked,  5.8/1995. 
merour,  merrour,  morour,   myrour, 

n.    mirror,    157/5990,    I76/6699, 

6709,  191/7085,  etc. 
mervayl,    mcrveil,    merveyl,    mer- 

ueylle,  n.  marvel,  wonder,   10()/ 

4016,    146/5596,    I65/6279,    167/ 

6376  ;  2^1-  n)erveilles,  I48/5644. 
nu;rveillo,    nierveylle,   vh.    wonder, 

marvel,  185/5 162,  I73/6586. 


merveillous,  merveyllons,  adj.  mar- 
vellous, 87/3259,  I6O/6112,  206/ 
7361,  etc. 

meschaunce,  n.  mischance,  misfor- 
tune, 127/4857  ;  injury,  215/7677  ; 
pi.  meschauncys,  204/7276. 

mescheff,  n.  mischief,  misfortune, 
126/7150,  206/7357,  229/8229; ^L 
meschevys,  214/7640. 

meselry,  n.  leprosy,  65/7440. 

mesour,  n.  measurement,  98/3698. 

mesonr,  mesure,  n.  moderation,  48/ 
1598,215/7708;  by  mesure,  with 
deliberation,  97/3637. 

messagerys.     See  massager. 

mesurable,  adj.  moderate,  396/ 
14663. 

met,  pp.  measured,  98/3698. 

meue,  mevyn,  vh.  move,  I87/5244, 
267/9710;  jpp.  mevyd,  3O6/11215  ; 
2)ret.  meuede,  886/12334. 

mevyng,  n.  movement,  9O/3387, 101/ 
3795  ;  pl-  meuynges,  88/3102. 

meyne,  meynee,  n.  retinue,  house- 
hold, 78/2919,  211/7523,  etc. 

meyni,  pp.  mingled,  I/24,  2/48,  127/ 
4828. 

misericord e,  n.  mercy,  529/19815. 

mo,  adv.  more,  11 5/4354,  162/6 190, 
173/6597,  etc. 

moder,  modre,  11.  mother,  IO3/3911, 
123/4671  ;  gen.  modern,  287/ 
8544. 

mokadour,  n.  bib  or  handkerchief, 
349/12853.     See  Note. 

mokerye.     See  mekerye. 

mollefye,  vh.  soften,  288/3399. 

monstruous,  montruows,  adj.  mons- 
trous, deformed,  166/6269,  242/ 
8742. 

moosy-heryd,  adj.  covered  with  hair 
like  down,  37I/13704. 

moralyte,  n.  moral,  8/85,  4/136,  42/ 

1579- 
mormall,  n.  a  cancer,  gangrene  or 

sore,  485/18142. 
morour.     See  merour. 
mortal,  adj.  death-causing,  dead!}', 

10/368,  11/407,226/8130. 
mortrews,  n.  stews  or   broth,  418/ 

15352.     See  Note, 
mostu,  adj.  greatest,  249/8995. 
mostest,  vh.pres.  sy.  2.  must,  2O/750. 

See  mot. 
mot,  vh.  pre^.  sg.  1.  II2/4260;   pres. 


Glossary. 


711 


sy.  2.  mostest,  2O/750;  p^-es.  sg.  3. 

mot,  mote,  86/3200,  IO4/3930, 112/ 

4241,  155/5906,  etc.;  pres.  pi.  2. 

mot,   68/2527;   pres.  pi.  8.  mvt, 

291/10624  ;  imper.  sg.  2.  mote,  69/ 

2574;  imper. 2)1-  2.  mot,  III/4202. 
motet,  71.  a  musical  composition, 386/ 

14272. 
mowh,  vb.pres.  sg.  1.  may,  146/5 584; 

2)r.  pi.  mowe,  72/2684. 
mowlies,  71.  grimaces,  301/iiooi. 
mowlyd,  p>p.    made    mouldy,   477/ 

17836. 
mowstre,  71.  show,  246/8892. 
mowyng,  n.  grimacing,  4O3/14939. 
mussellys,     mosselles,    71.     morsels 

(O.Fr.     morceaulx),     35O/12906, 

412/15305. 
musys,  7(.  music,  887/14304. 
mutacion,  n.  cliange,   87/3280,   94/ 

3542,  103/3888. 
mvt,  291/10624.     See  mot. 
inyche,  adv.  mucli,  I2O/4557,  180/ 

4964,    135/5164;    myche   thyng, 

many  things,  or  a   great   thing, 

153/5837. 
myd,  prrep.  between,  1 14/43 1 7 ;  myd 

off,  amidst,  I23/4680. 
mynde,  n.  memory,  286/8519,  238/ 

8581. 
myne,  vh.  consume,  prey  upon,  113/ 

4282,323/11872,  421/15650. 
mynystracyoun,   71.  administration, 

39/1488. 
mynystre,  vh.  pres.  pi.  administer, 

apply,  41/1540. 
myrke,  adj.  dark,  862/13342. 
mys,  adj.   amiss,    71/2639;   astray, 

192/7109. 
mystrye.     See  maystrye. 

nadde,  xh.  pret.  had  it  not,  97/3667. 
namel,   n.   enamel,    175/6686,  458/ 

17095. 
namly,  adv.  especially,  65/2418. 
napry,  n.  table  cloths,  59/2225. 
iiart  (lie  art),  vb.  pres.  2.  art  not, 

529/19816. 
narwh,  adj.  narrow,  459/17143. 
nase,  71.  nose,  215/7681.     See  noose, 
nauffragus,  pp.  siiip-wrecked,  587/ 

21988. 
neclygance,  n.  negligence,  1 86/4939, 

153/5831. 
neclygent,  adj.  negligent,  144/5 509. 


neiliebour.     See  noyhbour. 

nere  (ne  were),  vb.  pret.  were  not, 

529/19814. 
ncrff,  n.  nerve,  sinew,  II/397. 
nesslie,  vb.  make  tender,,  44/163. 
nesshe,   adj.    soft,    IO8/4073,   4106, 

109/4110. 
neuer  a  del,  neuere  a  del,  neuer  a 

dele,  not  at  all,  by  no  means,  62/ 

2318,  68/2372,  70/2615,  etc. 
nevene,7;6.  name,  115/4361,128/4887. 
neye,  vb.  approach,  68/2359. 
neyhbour,  neihebonr,  neyhebour,  n. 

neighbour,    I8O/4972,    I32/5014, 

217/7859,  etc. 
neyhen,  vh.  approach,  188/5079, 142/ 

5441. 
nolde  (ne  wolde),  vb.pret.  would  not, 

529/19821. 
none  certeyn,  n.  uncertainty,  646/ 

24103. 
noose,  71.  nose,  3I/1176,  1182.     See 

nase. 
noryce,    norysshe,    n.    nurse,    123/ 

4681,  250/9051. 
not,  vh.  pres.  sg.  1.  know   not  (ne 

wot),  95/3566,  271/9850,  etc. 
nouche,  ot..  an  ouch,  brooch,  19/688. 
nouht,  adv.  not,  99/3728,  III/4188. 
noumbre,  n.  number,  IO5/3988,  217/ 

7782. 
noumbryd,^!?.  numbered,  II5/4380. 
nouther,  prep,  neither,  64/2417,  91/ 

3414,  etc. 
nownpowere,    n.    weakness,    520/ 

19501. 
noyous,  adj.  hurtful,  214/7662,  250/ 

9060. 
nycely,  adv.  foolishly,  97/3660. 

0,  card.  num.  one,  86/3243,  I8I/4979, 

I88/6971,  etc.     ^'ee  on. 
occupye,   vh.    use,   46/1722  ;    liold, 

65/2426. 
occ^'sion,  71.  slaughter,  IO/373,  400/ 

14840. 
odyble,  adj.  hateful,  IIO/4162,  185/ 

5129,  253/9146. 
oft,  prep,  from,  269/9763. 
on,  prep,  in,  III/4197,  2O2/7233,  etc. 
on,   card.  num.  one,  92/3446,  115/ 

4354,  120/4571,  etc.  ;    on  by  on, 

individually   56/2o8o  ;    alway  m 

on,  always  in  one  way,  II2/4252. 
onys,  «du  once,  I5O/5710,  2II/7544. 


712 


Glossary. 


oonyng,  n.  union,  175/666o. 
ope,  xh.  open,  4O/1515. 
opposaylle,  ?i.  o[>position,  286/10397. 
oppose,   vh.   imper.    question,   403/ 

14970. 
opposyt,  n.  opposite  side,  5I/1911. 
or,  conj.  before,  66/2448,  202/72 14, 

etc. 
ordeyne,  vb.  appoint,  24I/8706. 
ordure,  »(,.  dirt,  filth  {fig.  sin),  26/ 

919,  31/1180,32/1242. 
ornede,  adj.  liorned,  88/3317. 
ortigoinetra,  n.  corn-crake,  or  land- 
rail, 511/19163. 
orysouns,  n.  prayers,  326/11923. 
osey,   n.   a  wine,   348/12831.     See 

Note, 
■other,  conj.  or,  35/1300. 
ouer    al     wher,    adv.    everywhere, 

93/3506. 
ouht,  n.  aught,  97/3649. 
oune,  adj.  own,  222/7962. 
outhe,  vh.  pres.  ought,  9O/3378. 
outlier,  ovvther,  adj.  aud  conj.  either, 

66/2471,  101/3812,  217/7795,  etc. 
outrage,   n.    insolence,  conceit,  97/ 

3642,  209/7445. 
outragous,  adj.  excessive,  249/9004. 
outraunce,  n.  extremity,  426/15806. 
outterly,  adv.  utterly,  IO5/3959,  108/ 

4097. 
outward,  adv.  outside,  27/999. 
overgon,  ■i;^.  surpass,  166/5914. 
overthwertyd,    pp.     crossed,    329/ 

12078. 
'owher,  adv.  wherever,  24I/8723, 
oynemente,  n.  anointing,  ointment, 

40/1513. 

paament,  n.  pavement,  9/330. 
pace,  vh.  go,  pass  away,  I/20. 
palle,  vh.  lose  spirit,  540/2O2i6. 
palmer,  tx.  pilgrim,  2/66. 
paner,  n.  basket,  561/2 1050. 
pans,  panns,  .n.   pence,  473/17672, 

482/18034. 
pantener,  n.  keeper  of  the  pantry, 

634/23679. 
panter,   n.    snare,    37I/13682  ;    pi. 

panterys,  4O5/15035. 
pajjyllardie,  n.  religious  hypocrisy, 

377/13921. 
parage,  n.  kindred,  388/14348. 
paramentj^s,   n.    clothing,   92/3466, 

175/6657. 


paramour,  paramoire,  n.  lover,  149/ 

5698,  54/2025. 
parcel,  n.  part,  24O/8656. 
parcel,  adv.  partly,  232/8346. 
parde,  interj.  pardieu,  166/6279. 
parfyt,  adj.  perfect,  I2I/4601,  223/ 

8012. 
parlement,    ii.    talk,    conversation, 

dobate,  4O/1491,  IO5/3977. 
parlom,  n.  plummet,  592/22 166. 
parmanable,  adj.  durable, 629/23467. 
partable,  adj.    capable    of  sharing, 

273/9928. 
parte,  vb.  divide,  share,  I24/4706. 
party,    n.   side,  part,    68/2538,    91/ 

3419,  155/5912,  etc. 
partyd,    jjj).    divided,    distributed, 

11/382,  121/4611. 
partyiig,  n.  distribution,  ID6/3990. 
parysee,  n.  a  coin  (see  note,  p.  471), 

473/17664. 
pas,  paas,  n.   pass,    crossing,  path, 

26/931,  283/I033I. 
passage,  n.   (a   game),   306/iiig4. 

See  Note, 
passage,  n.  entrance,  I2/434  ;  ford, 

23/875  ;  crossing,  44/1658. 
passen,  passe,  vh.  pass  over,  cross, 

evade,  24/898,  284/10376. 
passioun,     n.     passion,     suffering, 

124/4731,  229/8247. 
passyngly,    adv.    surpassingly,   19/ 

691. 
pasteler,  n,  pastry-cook,  I42/5442. 
pasture,  n.  nourishment,  food,  140/ 

5356,  159/6076. 
patentes,  n.    patents,    open  letters, 

647/24142. 
patroun,  n.  pattern,  I28/4900. 
pavys,  n.  shields,  2O4/7264. 
pawnys,  n.  palms,  573/21508.     See 

Note, 
pay,   n.    pleasure,    satisfaction,    62/ 

2328,  143/5449,  256/9276. 
payd,  2yp.  pleased,  satisfied,  26/967, 

252/9127. 
pelwe,  n.  pillow,  376/13853. 
pencellys,  n.  small  flags,  I2/436. 
pendant,  n.  hanging  end  of  girdle, 

1 83/700 1, 
pendant,  n.  slope,  378/13977. 
penyble,  adj.  painful,  1 74/6634. 
peplys,   n.   peoples,   nations,    2/40, 

121/4621. 
l)crch,  n.  pole,  203/7255. 


Glossary. 


718 


perdurable,    adj.   everlasting,    237/ 

8556. 
perse,   vh.   pierce,    penetrate,    609/ 

22822. 
pertinent,  ad.j.  belonging,  203/7257. 
pes,  n.  peace,  88/3318,  1 25/4764. 
peyne,  n.  trouble,  endeavour,   116/ 

4409,  123/4678. 
peyntures,  n.  paintings,  246/8S99. 
peys,  n.  weight,  228/8220. 
peysen,  peyse,  vh.  weigh,  68/2528, 

46I/17200. 
phane,  11.  vane,  387/14324. 
phetele,  n.  fiddle,  573/21502. 
phonel,  n.  funnel,  353/12988. 
pighte,   vh.  pret.   (A  B  C),   pierced, 

533/19953. 
platly,  adv.  plainly,  frankly,  flatly, 
merely,    43/1597,   49/1830,    166/ 
6343,  247/8937. 
platte,  plat,  n.  tiat  (of  a  sword),  71/ 

2668,  72/2685. 
plauynge,  pres.  pi.  playing,  I9/698. 
pleasaunce,  n.    pleasure,    pleasant- 
ness, 73/2731,  107/4053,  etc. 
plete,  vb.  plead,  12 7/4846. 
pleyn,  adj.  full,  85/3210,  II2/4249. 
pleyne,     vb.     complain,     IO3/3909, 
I67/6354;    pret.   pleynede,    102/ 
3865. 
pleynly,  adv.  fully,  87/3278. 
plye,  vb.  bend,  22I/7922. 
plye,  adj.  supple,  233/8400. 
pocessede,  vb.  to  possess,  29/1091. 

iSee  possede. 
pocessyowner,  n.  possessor,  47/1773. 
pocok,  n.  peacock,  387/14326. 
podagre,   with    gout    in    the   feet, 

478/17863. 
poitevyneresse,  n.  (see  note,  p.  471) 

471/17612. 
pomel,  poomel,   n.    pnmmel,    boss, 
knob,   176/6698;    193/7146,  494/ 
18519;  pi.  pomellys,  I93/7162. 
pontifex,     n.     bridge-maker      (Jig. 

priest),  46/1740. 
pook,  n.  sack,  249/12856. 
poopet,  n.  doll,  baby,  317/11635. 
popping,  n.  softening  or  painting, 
363/13374.     '  Pappen,    to    make 
soft.'  — Stratmann. 
porayle,  n.  poor  people,  6OO/22472. 
porrect,  pp.  extended,  448/16709. 
port,   n.    behaviour,    carriage,    36/ 
1363,  107/4043,  218/7 800. 


pose,  vb.  put   a   parallel  case,  31/ 

1175. 
possede,  vb.  possess,  I/7,  79/2971. 
potent,  u.  power,  253/9177. 
potente,  n.  tipped  staff,  46I/17211. 
pours,  n.  purse,  234/8445. 
povre,  adj.  poor,  21 9/7846. 
powerte,  n.  poverty,  I3I/5004. 
pows,   n.   pulse   (O.Fr.  pous),  272/ 

9877. 
powstee,  pouste,  n.  ability,  78/2920, 

430/15988,  498/18658. 
poytevyn,    n.     a     coin     (value     J 

farthing),  47I/17614. 
practykes,  n.  practices,  259/9384. 
preff,  n.  case,  proof,  135/5 157,  137/ 

5215,  156/5932. 
prelacye,  n.  spiritual   government, 

44/1661,  46/1728. 
prent,  n.  print,  26O/9411. 
prentys,  n.  apjjrentice,  pupil,  150/ 

5728,  5737. 
pres,    n.    crowd,    IO6/3997  ;    putte 
in  pres,  trouble  myself,  9I/3433, 
133/5055,  227/8166. 
preven,  preue,  vb.  prove,  146/5 565, 
148/5665,    246/8913;     pret.     sg. 
preveth,   IOI/3826  ;   pp.  prevyd, 
154/5886. 
procelle,  n.  tempest,  456/16995. 
processionerys,      n.     mistake      for 
pocessionerys,     479/17914.      See 
Note, 
procuracioun,  n.  power  of  attorney, 

658/24576. 
procuratoure,  n,  deputj',  6II/22890. 
profyte,  vb.   provide,    62/2337,    63/ 

2366.  _ 
promyssioun,  n.  promise,  687/23800. 
prouyned,  j:ij>.  pruned,  7/244. 
provynours,  n.  propagators,  8/277. 
prowli,  prow,  n.  advantage,  2O/753, 

213/7623,  367/13558. 
prykke,  n.    spiked   point,  42/1587, 

43/1617. 
prykyng,  pr.  p.   tormenting,    206/ 

7355- 
pryme,  n.  the  first   quarter  of  the 

artificial   day,   6  a.m.  to  9,  111/ 

4216,  59/2231. 
pryme    fface,   prime    face,   n.    first 

sight,  209/7453,  279/ioi73. 
pryme  temps,  n.  Spring,  92/3455. 
prys,  n.  praise,  estimation,  84/3149, 

107/4049  ;  prize,  239/8638. 


714 


Glossary. 


pryve,  vh.  32/ii88.     See  preven. 
prvvyte,   n.    mystery,    secret,    165/ 

6287  ;  secrecy,  I69/6456. 
piiissjinnco,     n.     power,    2II/7537, 

239/8619. 
punycyoun,    n.    punishment,    175/ 

6680. 
purchace,  vh.  procure,  II2/4231. 
purpos,    to    purpos,    for    instance, 

69/2561,  221/7955. 
purpoynt,  n.  a  padded  garment  to 

wear    under    armour,    2O6/7232, 

231/8340. 
puruyaunce,   n.   providence,  provi- 
sion, 242/8749. 
puryd,  adj.  puritied,  I42/5417. 
pyk,  n.   pike-staff,  43/1599;    point 

of  staff,  46/1 733- 
pyled,  adj.  bald,  37I/13703. 
pyier,  n.  pillar,  1 24/47 34. 
pynsouns,  n.  pincers,  425/15827. 
pystel,  n.  epistle,  llllSj^g. 

quarel,  n.  bolt,  212/7573,  224/8o65, 

329/12070. 
quarel,  quarll,  n.  quarrel,  I5O/5720, 

224/8061. 
quek,    n.     quickboard,    3O6/11198. 

See  Note, 
queme,  vh.  comfort,  25O/9049. 
quethe,     vh.     bequeath,     126y'4794, 

127/4829. 
quej^nte,     queynt,     'pp.     quenched, 

13/483,  238/86o6. 
queynte,     adj.    elegant,     knowing, 

clever,neat,  303/i  107 i,309/i  1303, 

319/11713. 
queyntyse,  n.  wisdom,  293/10709. 
quite,  adv.  quit,  rid,  484/18109. 
quod,  vh.  pret.  said,  62/2325,  155/ 

5895,  etc. 
quyk,  n.  living,  174/665 1,  25I/9097. 
quyke.  adj.  living,  9/336. 
quyt,  adj.  white,  63/2345. 
quyte,  vh.  requite,  3.55/12315. 
quytte,  2>2J-  requited,  5OO/18724. 

racede  oute,  vh.  pret.  sg.  rooted  out, 

359/13226. 
radd,  rad,  pp.  read,  I27/4859,  132/ 

5031- 
rafft,  n.  beam,  545/20411. 
raffte,  vh.  pret.  deprived,  5I5/19316. 

raft,  pp.  deprived,  229/8235. 
rage,  ac^.  angry,  73/2735, 439/16367. 


rakel,  adj.  rash,  hasty,  93/3496. 
rape,  n.  haste,  hurry,  373/13781,  410/ 

15223. 
rathe,  adv.  early,  soon,  lately,  25/ 

946,  170/6473- 
rathest,   adv.    soonest,    I/18,    524/ 

19659. 
rauhte,   vh.  pret.   reached,  handed, 

fetched,  I5O/5734,  I84/7019. 
rauiisoun,  n.  ransom,  127/4829,207/ 

7387. 

ray,  n.  striped  cloth,  314/11503; 
pi.  rayes,  38I/14082.  Kaye, 
from  Lat.  radius,  Fr.  rate,  a 
stripe.  The  name  was  commonly 
applied  to  striped  cloth.  Lydgate 
in  '  London  Lyckpeny  '  speaks  of 
"  a  long  gown  of  raye."    See  Note. 

rebateth,  vh.  pres.  sg.  beats  down, 
278/10120. 

rebube,  n.  violin,  317/ii620. 

recliche,  vb.  care,  8O/3000 ;  ^»-.  sg. 
reccliet,  cares,  99/3728 ;  ^jrei. 
rouhte,  37O/13650. 

reche,  adj.  rich,  I9/687,  691. 

reconforte,  vh.  comfort,  llS/GyyS  ; 
yr.  sg.  recounforteth,  comforts, 
237/8561. 

recour,  n.  recourse,  336/12364. 

recure,  n.  recovery,  28I/10255. 

recure,  vh.  get,  climb,  I6/602,  279/ 
10149. 

recure,  vb.  cure,  68/2556,  I24/4717; 
P2}.  recuryd,  cured,  121/4597. 

recure,  recuryn,  vb.  recover,  279/ 
10152,  336/12344. 

red,  n.   advice,    counsel,    IO3/3883, 

118/4485. 
red,    rede,    adj.     reed,    534/19994, 

542/203 1 5. 
rede,  vb.  advise,  191/7o79,'210/75o3. 
refreyne,    vh.  bridle,    restrain,  202/ 

7208,  2I6/7736. 
refuse,  vh.  reject,  II9/4534. 
refilt,  n.  refuge,  1 27/4841,  356/13137. 
regencie,  n.  rule,  govermnent,  219/ 

7851. 
reke,  vb.  rake,  III/4194. 
rekkeles,  adj.  heedless,  96/3614. 
releff,  n.  residue,   remainder,    105/ 

3982, 121/4598,  133/5076. 
religious,  n.  folk   bouud   by  vows, 

l'''/539- 
remeue,      remewe,      remewen,     vb. 

remove,  9O/3376,  11 7/4446,  167/ 


Glossary. 


7li 


6350,  257/9318;  pr. ^j.  retnowyng, 

reinewynge,  I67/6372,  3O2/11059. 
reinyssaylles,    n.     remnants,     451/ 

16810. 
rennetli,  vh.  pr.  sg.  runs,  98/3712  ; 

pr.  pi.  renne,  IO9/4125  ;  p>p-  ronne, 

109/4133.. 
renomyd,  adj.  renowned,  I57/5965. 
rentyng,  n.  annual  tribute,  69/2591. 
repayre,  71.  resort,  36/1359, 175/6675. 
replevysshed,  pp.  replenished,  135/ 

5141,211/7527. 
replicacioun,  n.  reply,  29O/10584. 
repman,  n.  reaper,  28G/10420. 
repreff,  n.  reproof,  2O9/7468. 
repreuable,       adj,      reprehensible, 

156/5929. 
repreve,  vh.  reprove,  98/3691,  152/ 

581 1  ;  pp.  repreuyed,  I53/5836. 
rescus,  n.  rescue,  227/8 160. 
resembled,  pp.  compared,  99/3731. 
resemblaunce,  n.    appearance,  143/ 

5481,  144/5503. 
resorte,  vh.  return,  3.39/12455,  ^42/ 

12606  ;  retire,  4I8/15522. 
respyt,  n.  relief,  2O6/7334. 
respyt,  n.  respect,  215/7708. 
resseyue,  vh.  receive,  I2I/4600. 
restreyned,  pp.  withheld,  8(3/3221, 
retour,  n,  return,  2I/794,  46/1716. 
retrussen,  vh.  repack,  2,i'll()2>()(). 
reue,  vh.  deprive,  294/10748  ;  pi'es. 

sg.  reueth,  236/8494.' 
reward,  n.  notice,    regard,  glance, 

27/IOOO,   91/3430,   IO6/4003,  70/ 

2608,  266/9666. 
rewarde,    vh.  regard,   look   at,    21/ 

791,  243/8794. 
rewme,  n.  kingdom,  78/2743,  238/ 

8579  ;  pi.  rewmys,  435/i62ir. 
reynys,  n.  loins,  202/7207. 
romney,    n.     a     wine,     348/12830. 

See  Note, 
ronnge,  vh.  gnaw,  nibble,  4O4/15010. 
roo,  n.  roe,  225/8099. 
rooff,     vh.     pret.    sg.     tore,    broke, 

109/4118,  403/14944. 
roote,  adj.  rotten,  398/14547. 
rouhte.     See  rechche. 
rowe,  vh.  swim,  570/2 1359. 
rowe,  adv.  roughly,  888/14157. 
rowh,  adj.  rough,  460/ 17 168. 
rowne,  vh.  whisper,  505/ 18934. 
ro^'ne,  vh.  pare,  clip,  47I/17600. 
rudnesse,  n.  want   of  skill,  rough- 
PILGRIMAGE. 


nees,  rough  handling,  5/169,  ^0/ 

1521,41/1525. 
rychesse,  n.  riches,  richness,  I9/706, 

I8I/5004. 
ryflf,  adj.  openly  known,  375/13839, 

390/14453. 
rygour,  n.  severity,  43/i6i6,  1627. 
ryhtwysnesse,     ryghtwysnesse,     n. 

righteousness,      II9/4542,      218/ 

7836,  221/7918. 
rympled,  pjj.  wrinkled,  862/13336. 
rypyng,  n.  ripening,  84/1269. 
ryve,  vh.  burst,  break,  I37/5233. 
ryvelede,  adj.  wrinkled,  372/13719  ; 

jyp.  ryvelyd,  462/17237. 
ryvelys,  n.  wrinkles,  863/13376. 
ryytys,  n.  rites,  86/3250. 

sad,     sadde,     adj.     grave,     sober, . 

discreet,      IO7/4043,      135/5 153, 

250/9066. 
sadnesse,  n.  steadiness,  3O6/11177, 
salue,  n.  ointment,  3/68,  68/2551. 
salue,    vh.   salute,    145/5 542,    ^16/ 

1 1578;    ^>ret.    sg.    saluede,    316/ 

1 1 579. 
sanz  per,  without  equal,  881/14087. 
sarmoun,  71.  sermon,  64/2388,  141/ 

5385,  etc. 
sauif-conduite,   n.   safe-conduct,   4/ 

112. 
sauffiy,  jwejy.  except,  308/ 1 1095. 
saue,  vb.  cure  or  anoint,  salve,  216/ 

7719  ;  _2Jres.  sg.  saueth,  287/8564. 
savacioun,   n.   salvation,    IO8/3904, 

215/7691,  etc- 
saw,  n.    (a  prophet's)   saying,   42/ 

1567. 
sawdyours,  sovvdyours,  n.  soldiers, 

430/15989,  479/17898. 
sawle,   sawlee,   n.    satisfaction    (of 

appetite),  fill,  70/2607;  I54/5874, 

162/61 78. 
sawter,  n.  Psalter,  9/332,456/17017. 
sawtrye,  n.  psaltery,  6I2/22945.   ' 
sawtys,  )i.  salts,  42O/15632. 
sawyng,  n.  sowing,  2O6/7350. 
saylling,  n.  assault,  648/24206. 
scalys,  n.  ladders,  I5/566. 
sc]\e,  pron.  she,  I69/6435. 
schent.     See  shent. 
schrowude,  vh.  shroud,  264/9588. 
schulye,  vb.  suhj.  should,  49O/18362. 
scolys,  n.    schools,   II8/4475.     See 

skole. 


716 


Glossary. 


scyence,  n.  knowledp'c,  72/2697. 
se,  n.  seat,  6O/2250,  65^/20919. 
secre,   adj.    secret,    IO7/4056,    203/ 

7251,  etc. 
secrely,     adv.     secretly,    I52/5782, 

163/62 1 5. 
seke,  adj.  sick,  I24/4707. 
selde,  adv.  seldom,  268/9347. 
semblable,    adj.    similar,    82/3062, 

102/3868,266/9653. 
semest,  vh.  pres.  sg.  thinkest,  153/ 

5835  ;  j)ret.  sempte,  seemed,  87/ 

3267,  136/5187. 
sen,  vb.  see,  88/3306,  I27/4824,  166/ 

6318  ;  pres.   sg.  2.   sestow,  seest 

thou,  63/2350,  73/2739;  pres.  sg. 

3.   seth,   1 68/6467  ;  pres.  pi.  sen, 

67/2511;    pres.   subj.   seye,   149/ 

5704,  104/3924;  2J?-e^.  saugh,  640/ 

23908;  P2J.  seyn,  IOI/3809,  etc. 
sentement,    n.    in    sentemente,    in 

effect,  30/1132,  I67/6357. 
sentence,     n.     meaning,     decision, 

opinion,  I4O/5335,  I55/5894,  157/ 

5968  ;  in  sentence,  in  effect,  47/ 

1761,  83/3109,  146/5622. 
senys,  n.  synods,  I8I/6892. 
sermon,  n.  discourse,  II/403. 
setyn,  vb.  pret.  pA.  sat,  I2I/4612. 
seuerel,  adj.    private,  separate,  63/ 

2352. 
seueryd,    pp.      separated,     distin- 
guished, 54/2032. 
sewen,  vb.  follow,  318/ii66i. 
seyne,  seyn,  vb.  say,  72/2701,   85/ 

3203,  158/6027  ;  pres.  sg.  1.  seyn, 

98/3700 ;  pres.  sg.  2.   seyst,  157/ 

5975  ;  ?>'■•  1}-  seyng,  I83/7008. 
seynt,  adj.  singed,  371/ 1 3703. 
seyntys,   n.    saints,    175/666 1,   179/ 

6827. 
seyyng,  seyng,  n.  seeing,  244/88o8, 

267/9697. 
shallys.  n.  shells,  conches,  trumpets, 

387/14305. 
sharpe,  n.  edge  (of  sword),  7I/2635, 

72/2686. 
shede,    vb.    pour,    shed,    IIO/4177; 

pret.  shadde,  I4O/5349 ;  j)P-  shad, 

84/3164. 
sheldys,  n.  shields,  224/8038,  8049, 
shene,   adj.  bright,  fair,    IOI/3832, 

237/8547,  etc. 
shent,  pj).  destroyed,  8I/3036,  102/ 

3841. 


shepp,  n.  ship,  23/876. 

sherd,     n.     shard,     III/4199;     jd. 

sherdys,  III/4197. 
shern,  vb.  shear,  68/2167. 
sherpe,   shyrpe,    shryppe,   skrypi^e, 

91.  pilgrim's  scrip,  wallet  or  j)ouch, 

17/612,  163/6220,  6225,  172/6575, 

231/8319,  etc. 
shette,  shit,  vb.   shut,   73/2746,  82/ 

3084,    479/17922 ;  jjp.  shet,   146/ 

5588,  152/5782. 
shetyn,   shetyng,   pr.  p.    shooting, 

3O6/11191,  329/12071. 
shewellys,  11.  scarecrow,  376/13889. 
shope,  shop,  vb.  pret.  prepared,  86/ 

3237,  46O/17175. 
shour,    n.    shower,    92/3476,    214/ 

7673- 

shrewdnesse,  n.  wickedness,  corrup- 
tion, 240/8656. 

shrewede,  shrewde,  adj.  shrewish, 
malicious,  cursed,  214/7674,  563/ 
21 126. 

shryppe.     See  sherpe. 

shust,  vb.  pres.  2.  shouldest,  179/ 
6824. 

shj^'pe.     See  sherpe. 

siyyng,    pr.    p.    complaining,    36/ 

1341. 
skallyd,  adj.  scalled,  scabbed,  396/ 

14676. 
skape,  vb.  escape,  226/8ii2. 
skarmussh,  n.  skirmish,  2I8/7832. 
skauberk,    skawberk,    ti.    scabbard, 

76/2845,  8I/3025,  222/7972,  etc. 
skole,  n.  school,  77/2873.    '^^^  scolys. 
skouren,  vb.  scourge  (Lat.  excoriare), 

IO6/4011. 
skryppe.     See  sherpe. 
skryppen,  vb.  pres.  pi.  put  on  the 

pilgrim's  scrip,  I7I/6515. 
skryveyn,  n.  scrivener,  scribe,  359/ 

13226,  36O/13278. 
skyes,  n.  clouds,  302/11032. 
skyle,  skyl,    skylle,  n.    reason,    54/ 

2022,    105/3975,   158/6023,    227/ 

8175,  etc. 
skylful,  adj.  reasonable,  28/1030. 
slayt,  n.  contrivance,  483/ 18078. 
slen,  vb.  slay,  339/12472;   pres.  sg. 

sleth,  215/7712,  238/8594;    -pres. 

subj.  sle,  339/12489;   pp.  yslawe, 

548/20542. 
sleythe,  n.  sleight,  deceit,  48/i8iS, 

235/8473- 


Glossary. 


'11 


sloos,  n.  sloughs,  bogs,  868/13597. 
slouthe,  71.  slotli,  114/4340. 
slowh,  vh.  pret.  sg.  slew,  92/3481. 
slyde,  vb.  slip,  I/18. 
slydre,    vb.   slide,    slip,    193/7i6i  ; 

pres.  srihj.pl.  slydre,  192/71 19. 
sinerte,    adj.    paiuful,    bitter,    109/ 

4132,  119/4533- 
smerte,  vb.  smart,  2I4/7667. 
smet,   vb.   pret.  sg.   1.    smote,    109/ 

4109. 
socour,  11.  help,  IOI/3811,  I92/7118. 
sodeyn,  adj.  sudden,  226/8iii. 
sodeynl}'-,  adv.  suddenly,  82/3092. 
soffte,  adj.  gentle,  4I/1552. 
soffte,  adv.  softly,  gently,  4O/1519, 

1524. 
soget,  sogett,  n.   subject,   79/2954, 

8I/3027  ;  pi.   sogectys,   sogettys, 

sogetys,    66/2484,   71/2656,   219/ 

7854. 
soiour,  n.  sojourn,  stay,  2/42,  256/ 

9292. 
soiourned,  pp.    stayed,    sojourned, 

156/5936. 
som  del,  adv.  somewhat,  77/2871. 
somer,  n.  packhorse,  23O/8300,  231/ 

8334,  241/8706  ;  pi.  somerys,  246/ 

8906.  ^ 

soud,  n.  sand,  277/10093  ;  pi.  sondys, 

278/10107. 
sonde,  n.  sending,  visitation,   435/ 

16190. 
sool,   adv.  sole,  alone,    7/255,  369/ 

1 361 3. 
soor,  n.  sore,  4O/1519,  68/2557. 
soote,  adv.  sweetly,  §2/3459. 
soote,  aclj.  sweet,  26I/9461. 
sore,   adv.    closely,    74/2759,    243/ 

8797. 
sorwe,  vb.  sorrow,  IO8/4076. 
sorwen,  sorwe,  n.  sorrow,  96/3604, 

109/4134,  etc. 
sotel,  102/3871.     See  sotyl. 
soth,  11.  truth,  77/2885,  89/3347,  etc. 
sothfastly,  adv.  truly,  2I2/7570. 
sothfastnesse,    n.    truth,    IIO/4159, 

203/7247. 
sothly,   adv.    truly,    6I/2290,    157/ 

5967. 
sothnesse,  n.  truth,  IOO/3765,  168/ 

6389 ;    in    sothenesse,    earnestly, 

119/4518. 
sottyd,  j)p.  besotted,  97/3650. 
sotyl,    sotyle,    sotylle,    adj.    subtle, 


fine,    143/5455,     I49/5674,    151/ 
5751- 
sotylly,  adv.  subtly,  I43/5479,  144/ 

S5H- 
sotyllyte,    n.   subtlety,    cleverness, 

143/5473. 
soundyd,  ^p.  cured,  4I/1550. 
souper,  71.  supper,  I2I/4609. 
souple,  adj.  supple,  IO8/4073. 
sout,  2)p.  sought,  151/5754. 
sowbpowaylle,      sowpewaille,      vb. 

pres.  support  (cf.  suppowelle,  D. 

Arth.  2815),  99/3740,  65I/24312. 
sowcelerere,  n.   undercellarer,  594/ 

22237. 
sowe,  2)}}.  sown,  I4I/5394. 
sowketh,    vb.    pi-es.    sucketh,    470/ 

17560. 
sown,  71.  sound,  I8I/6923,  I82/6958. 
sownde,  vb.  cure,  68/2551. 
sowne,  vb.  sound,  396/14691  ;  subj. 

pres.  sg.  1 83/6982. 
sownynge,    n.    sounding,    ringing, 

I82/6954. 
sowpewaille,  7i.  support,  65I/24312. 
speed,    sped,  71.  success,  139/53 16, 

162/61 57. 
spence,     71.     provision-room,     615/ 

23026. 
spere,    n.    sphere,    IO2/3843,    264/ 

9586. 
splayng,  splayynge,  pres.  pi.  spread- 
ing, stretching,  I9/697,  495/18522. 
spores,  71.  spurs,  379/13993. 
sprad,  vb.  pret.  sg.  shed,  236/8521. 
spreynt,    pj).    sprinkled,    I73/6592, 

178/6786. 
squyre,  n.  square,  I29/4906,  4907. 
stablete,  n.  stability,  52/1934. 
stant,  stent,  vb.  pres.  sg.  stands,  83/ 

3124,    130/4956,    179/6835;  pres. 

sg.  1.  stonde,  II6/4407;  pres.  sg. 

3.    stondeth,    98/3687 ;    pres.   pi. 

stonden,  9O/3368.  . 

stellefFyed,  j^P-    nuide   like   a    star,     A 

503/18835  ;  set  with    stars,   565/ 

21 174.     See  Note. 
steltlie,  71.  loot,  359/13252. 
Sterne,  adj.  strong,  2/55. 
sterue,    vb.    die,    415/15438;    pret. 

starff,  3/98. 
steryd,  pp.  stirred,  9/315. 
stonde,     stonden,     stondeth.        See 

stant. 
stondyng,  n.  standing,  I2O/4575, 


718 


Glossary. 


stonken,  pp.  stiirg,  pierced,  655/ 
24478. 

stoor,  n.  store,  237/8563. 

stoupaille,  n.  stoppage  (Fr.  estoupail, 
bouchon),  64G/24110. 

stowndeinel,  stoundemel,  adv.  mo- 
ment by  moment,  l/io,  512/19179. 

strawh,  n.  straw,  49/1837. 

streilit,  streihte,  streith,  adj.  narrow, 
difficult,    10/366,    131/5007,    208/ 

7413- 
streilitnesse,    n.    narrowness,    131/ 

5003. 
strengere,  adj.  stronger,  229/826o. 
streyhtly,    adv.    closely,    I4O/5347, 

318/11640. 
streyne,  vh.  restrain,  distress,  press 

hardly,  202/7207,436/16248;  pres. 

s(j.    streynutli,    constrains,     229/ 

8257;  pp.  streyned,  202/7234. 
strowli,  n.  straw,  34/1278. 
styli,  styth,  n.  anvil,  205/7297,  209/ 

7478,300/10973. 
stynte,   vh.    stop,   392/14521  ;  pret. 

sg.  ceased,  I47/5624, 
sul)iecciou,  n.  subjection,  28/1031, 

82/3076. 
subvencions,  n.  rates,  49/i8i8. 
sue,  swe,  swen,  vh.  follow,  125/4767, 

148/5661,    250/9285,    328/12040; 

pr.     p.     suyng,     243/8763 ;     j^jx 

sewyd,  593/22226. 
suerne,  vh.  sv/ear,  52/1964. 
suflEraunce,   n.    suffering,    I27/4824, 

207/7384,  210/7486,  etc. 
suffysaunce,  n.  sufficiency,  53/2003, 

135/5140,  230/8286,  etc. 
snffysen,  suffyse,  vh.  suffice,  9O/3378, 

136/5206,  I6I/61 17;  prct.sij.  suffy- 

sede,  I8O/6864. 
suit,    n.    pursuit,    38O/14057,    404/ 

14987. 
sur,  adj.  safe,  sure,  25/949,  2II/7553. 
surance,  n.  assurance,  626/23359. 
surcote,  n.  over-dress,  I8/682. 
surete,  n.  safety,  205/73 14. 
surgyens,  n.  surgeons,  4I/1535. 
surmounte,  vh.  suhj.  pres.  sg.  over- 
come, exceed,  46/1715. 
surples,  n.  surplus,  excess,  5/156, 
surplusage,  n.  excess,  2O9/7446. 
surquedy,    n.    arrogance,    8O/2988, 

102/3857,  299/10912. 
suryd,  j^P-  assured,  made  safe,  217/ 

4432. 


sut,  n.  suit,  127/4842. 

saying.     See  sue. 

swen,  64/2389.     See  sue. 

swerd,  n.  sword,  213/7609,  222/7982, 

etc. 
sweygh,  swegli,  n.  movement,  333/ 

12234,  335/12296. 
swolwi),    n.   whirlpool,    438/16293, 

468/17499. 
swowne,  vh.  swoon,  I26/4816. 
swych,  such,  74/2785,  I27/4834,  etc. 
swyd,  adj.  35O/12882.    (Stowe  has 

'swete.') 
swynge,  vh.  imp.  strike,  II4/4316. 
swynke,  vh.  toil,  277/10074. 
syde.     No    syde,    anywliere,    269/ 

9786. 
syker,    surely,    I6I/6129,  165/6266, 

etc. 
sykerly,  surely,  7O/2633  ;    securely, 

235/8452. 
sykernesse,  n.   security,    184/7oog, 

215/7693. 
sylue,  adj.  same,  9O/3396. 
syluen,  sylue,  n.  self,  202/7225,217/ 

7762. 
synderesis,  I3O/4962.     See  Note, 
synguler,      adj.      single,      private, 

unique,  68/2348,  382/14138. 
synwes,  n.  sinews,  288/8399. 
syt,  vh.  pres.  sg.  sits,  I28/4890,  211/ 

7548. 
syt,  Nat  ne  syt,  it  is  not  suitable, 

151/5745- 
syth,  71.  siglit,  44/1663,  70/2629. 
sytlie,    syth,  prep,    since,    62/2315, 

102/3850,  etc. 
sythe,  n.  time,  III/4218;  ^J.  sythes, 

126/4816;   sythe  go   ful   long,   a 

very  long  time  ago,  64/2391, 
syttyng,  syttynge,  adj.  fit,  suitable, 

becoming,      33/1250,      II4/4322, 

209/7451- 
syyng,  n.  sight,  seeing,  229/8235. 

ta,  to  a,  75/2819. 

tabellyoun,  tabellioun,  n.  scrivener, 

132/5020,  5027. 
tabler,  n.  chess-  or  draught-board, 

468/17272. 
tablettys,  n.  tablets,  25O/9035. 
taboureth,  vh.  pjres.  sg.  drums,  387/ 

14314- 
tadwellyd,  vh.  to  have  dwelt,  260/ 
9422. 


Glossary. 


719 


taflforce,  taforce,  vh.  to  strengtlien, 

178/6800,  217/7769. 
take,  vb.  commit,   give,   1 25/4743  ; 

2)res.  sg.  1.  give,  I27/4834 ;  pret. 

took,  405/15022;  pp.  taken,  take, 

given,  committed,  80/2995,   127/ 

4933  ;     take,    taken,     174/6636 ; 

tak,  imper.  244/88 14. 
taknyht,  to  a  knio^ht,  282/8361. 
tal,  talle,  to  all,  19.3/7 149,  2O4/7266. 
tale,  w.  telle  of  hem  but  lytel  tale, 

take  but  little  account  of  them, 

689/22052. 
talent,  n.  appetite,  desire,  75/2805, 

86/3246,  269/9781. 
talwh,  n.  tallow,  486/16217. 
talyved,  vb.  to  have  lived,  27/1019. 
tamyghty,  to  a  miglity,  47/1766. 
tapalle,   vb.   to   cloak,    cover,    291/ 

10616. 
taparceyve,   vb.    to    perceive,    165/ 

6302. 
tapese,  vb.  to  appease,  168/6193. 
tapoynte,  vb.  to  arrange,  I83/6996. 
tai|uyte,  vb.  to  acquit,  to  discharge, 

107/4041. 
tarage,    n.    kind,    nature,    quality, 

26I/9458,  9462.     See  Note. 
tart;:e,   n.   target,   shield,    228/8o22, 

228/8215. 
taryen,  vb.  delaj^,  3.84/12278. 
tasliot,  vb.  to  have  shut,  I48/5465. 
tassaye,  vb.  to  try,  262/9502. 
tastyd,    pj).     touched,    felt     (O.Fr. 

taster),  272/9877. 
Tav,  n.  the  letter  T.     The  sign  of 

the    Cross,    87/1387,    1406,  330/ 

12 1 1 5.     See  Note. 
tavale,  vb.  to  let  fall,  IIO/4171. 
tavaunce,  vb.  to  advance,  I2I/4624. 
tave,   vb.  to   have,    162/6 169,    218/ 

7826. 
tavoyde,  tavoyden,  vh.  to  drive  out 

or  away,  to  clear  away,  to  avoid, 

41/1562,  47/1757,  116/4410,128/ 

4866;  to  free,  205/7304,  213/7625. 
taxe,  vb.  to  ask,  259/9392. 
taylladges,    n.   taxes,    impositions, 

49/1819. 
teht,  n.  teeth,  II.8/4274. 
tellyn,  vb.  tell,  I4I/5382  ;  2^'>'6S.   sg. 

2.  tellys,  I82/6935. 
telpe,  vb.  to  help,  22/815. 
temperalte,  n.  temporal  possessions, 

434/16139. 


temprure,    Ji.  due  proportion,   630/ 

23524. 
tenbracen,  vb.  to   bind,  clasp,  227/ 

8154  ;  tenbrasse,to  embrace,  188/ 

6999. 
tenchose,  vb.  to  choose  out,  47/1758. 
tenduren,  vb.  to   endure,   continue, 

52/1967. 
tene,  ?(.  vexation,  injury,  98/3676, 

126/4802  ;  pi.  tenys,  1 28/4869. 
tene,  vb.  irritate,  95/3595. 
tcnoynte,  vb.io  anoint,  39/1472. 
tenquere,  vb.  to  inquire,  77/2865. 
teuchyng,  prep,  concerning,  as  to, 

32/1221. 

thampte,    n.    the    ant,    279/ioi45, 

10181. 
thamyral,  n.  the  admiral,  433/i6io3. 
than,  thanne,  conj.  then,  III/4211, 

I8O/6853,  etc. 
thapostel,    n.   the    apostle    (Paul), 

I82/6950;    ge7i.  pi.    thapostolys, 

I8I/6912. 
thar,    vh.  pres.   needs,   ABC,   530/ 

19866. 
tharmure,  n.  the  armour,  2I7/7758, 

228/8196. 
tharneys,  n.  the  armour,  213/7601. 
thassaut,  n.  the  assault,  21 2/7 583. 
that,  conj.  lest,  669/24617. 
that,  pron.  that  which,  what,  I/14, 

etc. 
the,  vh.   prosper  (O.E.  )?eon),   310/ 

11340,324/11893. 
then,  ado.  and  conj.  than,  88/3307. 
thenchesoun,  n.  the  occasion,  297/ 

10869. 
theiipryses,   n.   the   enterprises,    4/ 

127. 
thentiyng,  n.  the  entrance,  61/2276. 
ther,   adv.   where,    I43/5460,    220/ 

7899,  etc. 
ther,  as  adv.  there  where,  I64/6247, 

etc. 
ther-to,  adv.  also,  87/3288. 
thewes,  n.  manners,  customs,  vir- 
tues, 821/11794,  666/21229. 
tho,  conj.  then,  6I/2297,  2OI/7193, 

etc. 
thoffycyaj,  n.  the   officer,   59/22 16, 

6I/2300. 
thoulite  me.     See  tliyiiketh. 
throwe,  n.  space  of  time,  278/ loi  24, 

380/ 1 405  5. 
thrust,  n.  thirst,  68/2355. 


720 


Glossary. 


thrydde,  ad^.  third,  173/66io. 

thylke,  pron.  that,  IO7/4056,  111/ 
42 1 5,  etc. ;  pi.  thylke,  those,  these, 
135/5136,  176/6732,  183/6975- 

thynketli,  vh.  pres.  it  seems,  me 
thynketh,  it  seems  to  me,  164/ 
6260,  1 67/6367 ;  prct.  thoulite 
me,  it  seemed  to  me,  IO5/3987. 

thys,  pron.  these,  118/4474,  156/ 
5958  ;  this  is,  that  is,  72/2701, 
8I/3053,  140/5359,  etc.;  there  is, 

67/2497- 
to,  prep.  50/ iB>y  I. 
to,    n.    the    one,    520/ 1 9481.      iS^ee 

ton. 
to,  prej).  according  to,  I55/5898. 
to-brak,  vb.  pret.  sg.  broke  to  pieces, 

IO8/4103 ;    pp.     to-brook,     145/ 

5552. 
to-brast,  vh.  pret.  pi.  burst  in  pieces, 

5I6/19362. 
to-forn,   adv.   beforehand,    7O/2628, 

71/2636 ;   to-forn   or,  before,  78/ 

2902  ;  pi.  to-for,  before,  11 8/4307. 
togydre,    adv.   together,    IO9/4138, 

1 58/6020. 
tokeyen,  vb.  274/9955.     Should  be 

'  tobeyen,  to  obey.' 
tokne,  vh.  pres.  pi.  betoken,  typify, 

75/2797  ;  pp.  tookenyd,  22/809. 
tonuen   up,  vb,   to  broach  a  cask, 

or  to  fill  a  cask  ?,  353/12991. 
took,  tok,  vh.  pret.  sg.  gave,  76/2841, 

205/7294,  228/8207. 
tookne,   n.    token,    I3O/4941,    151/ 

5773  ;  P^-  tooknys,  I29/4928. 
toon,   ton,   n.    (the)   one,  67/2127, 

79/2947,  etc. 
to-rent,  vb.  pres.  sg.  rends  in  pieces, 

215/7715- 

tormentrye,  n.  torture,  torment,  10/ 
368,  174/6628. 

toruen,  torne,  tournen,  tourne,  vb. 
turn,  68/2537,  72/2684,  2690, 
2706;  pret.  sg.  1.  tornede,  88/ 
3296  ;  iJj).  tornyd,  87/3262,  104/ 
3915  ;  pr.  p.  tornyng,  92/3470. 

tortyl,  n.  turtle-dove,  449/16756. 

tother,  thother,  n.  (the)  other,  67/ 
2500,  95/3583,  etc. 

tour,  n.  tower,  H9/3343. 

tourneys,  n.  a  coin  (see  note,  p. 
471),  473/17664. 

towched,  pyp.  divided,  ?  597/22356. 
See  Note. 


tractour,  n.  traitor,  25I/9083. 
traisoun,  n.  treason,  25I/9086. 
travas,  n.  480/ 17973.     See  Note, 
travaylle,  vb.  pres.  subj.  pi.  labour, 

336/12348. 
travers  wyse,  adv.  cross-ways,  183/ 

6999. 
trawaylle,  n.  labour,  345/i27o8. 
trayshe,  traisshe,   vh.   betray,   250/ 

9057,  251/9083. 
tregetour,    n.    juggler,   396/14682, 

479/17897. 
tregetrye,  n.  jugglery,  317/1 1623. 
trentals,  n.  thirty  masses  for  the 

dead,  642/23970. 
tretable,  adj.  tractable,  mild,  kind, 

41/1552. 
treygobet,  n.  Sllji  1623.    See  Note, 
treyne,    n.    snare,    227/8i53,    235/ 


trone,  n.  throne,  6O/2251. 

trowe,  vh.  pres.  sg.  1.  believe,  trust, 

107/4035  ;    jwes.   sg.    2.    trowest, 

153/5838  ;  pr.  p.  trowynge,  89/ 

3354,  166/6315. 
trusse,  trussen,  vh.  pack,  bind,  231/ 

8303,   241/8719,    243/8773,   345/ 

12706. 
trussellys,  n.  bundles,  74/2755. 
trustly,  arfv.  truly,  4OO/14831. 
trwauntys,  n.  truants,  I2I/4587. 
tryacle,  n.  liniment,  3/68,  2I6/7719, 

413/15338.     See  Note, 
tryed  out,  pp.  tested,  98/3698,  207/ 

7392- 
tryst,  n.  confidence,  602/22 5  54. 
tryst,  adj.  sad,  I8/662,  233/8382. 
tuel,  n.  pipe,  tube,  554/20766. 
tunshetten,   vh.  to   open,  82/3084  ; 

unshette,  82/3088. 
turneys,  n.  turret?,  146/5 569.     See 

Note, 
tweyne,  adj.  two,   I42/5424;    148/ 

5645,  etc.;  bothe  tweyne,  both, 

1 63/6208. 
twynne,  vh.  separate,  110/4i66,268/ 

9742. 
twynnyng,    71.    twining,    doubhng, 

240/8667. 
tyssu,  n.  ribbon,  I8/683. 
tytles,  n.  claims,  49/1826. 

umbrage,  n.  shadow,  596/223 10. 
underfongyn,    underfonge,   vb.    re- 
ceive, 120/4548,  125/4756. 


Glossary. 


721 


iindermel,  n.  morning  rest,   siesta, 

250/9044. 
uudernemen,   vh.    blame,    98/3691  ; 

pr.  p.  undernemynge,  442/16461. 
underspreynt,pp.  underspread,  I/25. 
uiiderstonde,  pp.  understood,    130/ 

4958. 
imdyht,  adj.  disordered,  419/15573. 
unfraunchysed,  adj.  in  bondage,  I/4. 
ungoodly,  adv.  wrongly,  IO5/3952. 
unhable,  adj.  unfit,   I33/5075,   134/ 

5108. 
unhese,  n.  discomfort,  229/8228. 
unkonnynge,  n.  ignorance,  19/7 ig. 
unkoutli,  unkouthe,  adj.  unknown, 

strange,  87/3285,  I65/6287,  264/ 

9575,  etc. 
unkyudely,   adv.    unnaturally,    94/ 

3530- 
unleful,  adj.  unlawful,  39I/14497. 
unnethe,adv.  with  difficulty,  hardly, 

153/5856.     See  annethe. 
unresownable,    adj.   irrational,   55/ 

2048. 
unshette,   vb.   open,   82/3088,    173/ 

6581. 
unwar,    adv.    without    warning,    1/ 

10. 
unwarjy,  adv.  unawares,  214/7641. 
unwenimed,  acZj.  unspotted,  ABC, 

531/19881. 
unworshepe,  n.  dishonour,  95/3586, 

295/10780. 
unwyt,  n.  ignorance,  54/2015. 
vsaunce,  71.  habit,  203/7242. 

vakynge,  adv.  waking,  I66/6336. 
vallyable,  adj.  available,  45/1679. 
varyance,  n.  change,  9I/3441. 
vayllalile,   adj.    available,    helpful, 

33/1246. 
vaylie,  vb.  avail,  22I/7937. 
vekke,  wekke,  n.  old  woman,  346/ 

12752,347/12775,  399/14796. 
venery,  venerye,  n.  hunting,   139/ 

5287,  227/8150. 
vengable,  adj.  vengeful,  7O/2632. 
vengyd,  ^>2*.  avenged,  I44/5524. 
vergows,  n.  verjuice,  420/ 15630. 
verray,  adj.  true,  genuine,  54/2036, 

134/5095,  etc. 
verre,  n.  glass,  265/9613. 
vertu,  n.  virtue,  strength,  61/2285. 
vertuous,  adj.  beneficial,  powerful, 

40/1514,  178/6796. 


vertuously,  adv.  virtually,  in  effect, 

158/6030. 
vestement,  n.  clothing,  142/ 5 420. 
victoire,  n.  victory,  2I8/7821. 
vocat,  n.  advocate,  1 27/4846. 
volunte,  ?i.  will,  I66/6331,  179/6819. 
voode,  n.  wood,  3 1 7/ 1 1606. 
voyde,  adj.  destitute,  I/4,  135/5 135. 
voyde,  voyden,  vb.  drive  out,  expel, 

clear   away,   55/2072,   II5/4371  ; 

pres.   sg.  voydeth,  239/8620;  pp. 

voyded,  97/3671. 
voyded,  adj.  emptied,  I62/6175. 
vyage,  n.  voyage,  I2I/4604,    235/ 

8465. 
vyker,  n.  representative,  37/1393  ! 

jA.  vykerys,  39/1473. 
vy-on,  misprint  ior  upon,  276/10049. 
vyrelaye,  n.  a  species  of  short  poem. 

317/1 1614.     See  Note, 
vytaylle,  n.  food,  177/67  50. 

wake,  vb.  watch,  11 9/4529. 

wante,  vb.  subj.  lyres.  sg.  lack,  62/ 

2331- 
wantyng,  n.  deficiency,  3O/1144. 
war,  adj.  wary,  1 22/463 5. 
wardeyn,  n.  warden,  guardian,  25/ 

944- 
wawes,  n.  waves,  433/i6i04. 
waj'llede,  vb.  pret.  sg.  availed,  162/ 

6160. 
waymentynge,   n.    lamenting,   108/ 

4077. 
wede,  n.  garment,  I38/5280. 
wekke,  n.     See  vekke. 
weld,  welde,  vb.  pr.  pi.  rule,  have 

power  over,  549/20587,686/23737. 
wel-full,  adj.  beneficial,  456/16999. 
welkyd,  adj.  faded,  438/16320. 
wende,  vb.  go,  I33/5070 ;  pr.  subj.  2. 

wende,  I9I/7077. 
wene,  H.  doubt,  32/1189,  I6O/6089. 
wene,  vb.  think ;  |)r.  sg.  2.  interrog. 

wenystow,    I5O/5744  ;    pret.    sg. 

wende,  139/5 292, 324/ 1 1894 ;  subj. 

pres.  sg.  2.  wene,  63/2346 ;  imper. 

sg.  2.  1 66/6329 ;  pr.  p.  wenyng, 

65/2420. 
went,  wente,  n.  ford,  path,  way,  25/ 

937,  238/8587  ;  pi.  wentys,  283/ 

10320. 
werche,    werkyn,   vb.    make,  work, 

174/6655,  122/4636. 
were,  u.     See  wheer. 


722 


Olossary. 


wern,  weryn,  vh.  prei.  pi.  were,  64/ 

2402,  87/3277. 
weriiays,   n.   mistake  for    wermes, 

3I8/11665. 
weriay,    adj.    dirty  [(O.E.    warig), 

378/13984. 
werre,  n.  war,  96/3622,  227/8x63  ; 

pi.  werrys,  227/8 172. 
werre,  vh.  make  war  upon,  ABC, 

531/19906. 
werreye,   vh.   make  war  upon,   96/ 

3627,  I8O/6879. 
werryours,  n.  warriors,  246/8889. 
wexe,    wexyn,   vh.   grow,   96/3583, 
110/4183;  pres.  sg.  wexeth,  206/ 
7339  j  pre^t.  sy.  wex,  6I/2296,  69/ 
2571. 
weyinentith,  vh.  pres.  sg.  laments, 

517/19369. 
weyved,  ^jp.  removed,  I39/5321. 
whan,    adv.   wlien,    I52/5784,  172/ 

6559. 
wliapyd,  p2).  astonished,  34/1297. 
whedyr,  n.  weather,  374/13827. 
wheer,  wher,  were,  n.  (fig-)  doubt, 

26I/9485,  340/12492,  578/21663. 
wher,  conj.  whether,  III/4222,  112/ 

4230,  etc. 
wlier,   adv.  there  where,  I26/4790, 

143/5447,  etc. 
wherso,  cunj.  whether,  69/2560. 
wliet,  P2J.  wlietted,  sharpened,  13/ 

485. 
wliot,  vh.  pres.  pil.  know,  65/2432. 
whyht,    wyht,    whiht,    n.    person, 
creature,  68/2354,  2363,  77/2890, 
etc. 
whyle,  n.  wile,  guile,  48/1815,  219/ 

7870. 
whyle,  n.  time,  4/140. 
whylom,    whilom,    adv.    formerly, 

148/5636,  179/6831. 
whyte,  vh,  (for  quit,  quite),  acquit, 

discharge,  69/2591. 
wikres,    n.    wickers,     osiers,    627/ 

23385- 

willetful,  adj.  voluntary,  49O/18336. 

wisse,  vh.  direct,  ABG,  533/19945. 

withseye,  witliseyn,  vh.  deny,  con- 
tradict, 100/3788,  146/5594,  155/ 
5916. 

wlgar,  adj.  vulgar,  I54/5884. 

wond,  n.  wand,  50/ 1883. 

woude,  n.  wound,  68/2540 ;  pi. 
wondys,  12  7/4844. 


wonder,  adj.  wonderful,  6/216  ;  adv. 

64/2392. 
wonderly,    adv.    wonderfully,    35/ 

1302. 
woninge,  n.  dwelling,  ABC,  bZij 

19935- 
wonne,  pp.   achieved,  crossed,  24/ 

903- 
wood,  wod,  adj.  mad,  97/3648,  305/ 

1 1 154,  352/12949. 
woodnesse,   n.   madness,  215/7706, 

390/14450. 
woormood,«.wormwood,342/i258l. 
worshepable,  adj.  honourable,  216/ 

7724. 
worshype,  n.  honour,  dignity,  224/ 


worth,  adj.  worthy,  1 23/4698. 
wost,  vh.  pres.  sg.  2.  wouldest,  308/ 

1 1274. 
wostow,  vh.  pi-es.  interrog.  knowest 

thou,  62/2336. 
wot,  vh.  pres.  sg.  know,  97/3651,  243/ 

8776,  75/2814  ;  pi.  98/3682. 
wrak,  n.  vengeance,  ruin,  destruc- 

tion,  42/1585, 142/5434,216/7727, 

etc. 
wrak,  n.      ?      569/21339. 
wrappyd,pp.  685/21932.    See  Note, 
wrastle,   vh.  wrestle,   struggle,  42/ 

1571. 
wreclie,  ?i.  vengeance,  255/9230. 
wreke,  wroke,  pp.  avenged,  96/3610, 

113/4291. 
wreste,  vh.  turn  (twist),  2I6/7739. 
wrong,  adj.  twisted,  524/19656. 
wrye,  vh.  pres.  sg.  cover,  394/14621. 
wyket,  n.  small  gate,   I3/486;  pi. 

wyketys,  I2/432. 
wykke,  adj.  wicked,  4I8/15545. 
wyl,  n.  lust,  468/17495. 
wyle,  n.  trap,  snare,  483/i8o57. 
wylfully,     adv.     voluntarily,     327/ 

12013. 
wyne,  vh.  win,  488/18260. 
wynse,    vh.    kick    out,    304/11136, 

384/14196. 
wynsyug.  n.  kicking,  390/ 1 4461. 
wyse,  ?i.   manner,    way,  177/67 5  5, 

etc. ;    another  maner   wyse,   an- 
other kiud  of  way,  68/2524. 
wyssh,  vh.x>ret.  washed,  585/21921. 
wysshen,i'fc.  guide,  show,  302/ 1 1065. 
wyten,   wyte,  vh.  know,  11 8/4492, 

129/4917,  etc.  ;  pres.  pi.  2.  wyte, 


Glossary. 


723 


145/5528;  p-ei.  sg.  1.  75/2814; 

2)p.  wyst,  82/3086;  pr-i).  wytynge, 

2I8/7797. 
wy tl),  n.  wit,  1 66/5944. 
wyth-set,  P23.  resisted,  288/10527. 

Y,  I,  II8/4491,  204/7284. 
yald,  vh.  pret.  pi.  yielded,  II/406. 
yarmyd,  ^j|7.  armed,  2I8/7810. 
yblent,  ^jp.  blinded,  300/10978. 
yblynded,  jp^).  blinded,  98/3681. 
yboncliyd,  p2^.  humped,  489/18299. 
ybounde,  |jp.  bound,  77/2861. 
ycallyd,  jjp.   called,   78/2904,    137/ 

5220. 
yclypyd,  |:)2^.  clipped,  54/2012. 
ydrawe,  vb.  draw,  8I/3037. 
ydreynt,  2)1}'  drowned,  39I/14464. 
yelde,  yeldyn,  vb.  yield,  IOO/3763, 

220/7894;    2^P-    y-yolden,     571/ 

21402. 
yerde,  yerd,  n.  rod,  staff,  5O/1883, 

103/3908;  p}l'-  yerdys,  II8/4474. 
yfere,  ytfere,  adv.  together,  in  com- 
pany, 6I/2295,  111/4192,  etc. 
yfEret,  pp.  knotted,  tied,  I6/588. 
yfounde,  pp.  found,  83/3095. 
ygon,  jjj}-  gone,  past,  1 65/6276. 
ygrounded,  ^9p.  founded,  IO4/3942. 
yheete,  j9^.  eaten,  I79/6849. 
yher J (],  pp.  ploughed,  I4I/5398. 
yhold,  p2).  beholden,  648/24184. 
yhyd,  ^>|5.  hidden,  IO7/4058. 
yivetli,  vb.pr.sg.  giveth,  43/i6i2. 
yknet,  2;p.  knitted,  joined,  I29/4924. 
ykome,  j^p-  come,  96/3617. 
ylad,  jyi).  led,  269/9772,  9780. 
yle,  71.  isle,  IO7/4056. 
yleyd,  j)p.  laid,  I42/5415. 
ylke,  adj.  same,  IO3/3888,  I37/5240. 
ylkede,  same  ?,  88/3317. 
ymaked,    ymakyd,  pj).    made,    88/ 

3312,  206/7332,7366. 
ymeynt,    pj).    mingled,    I78/6798, 

6804. 
y-moselyd,  j)2J.  muzzled,  46O/17184. 
ympen,  vb.  graft,  527/19779  ;  ym- 

pyd,2}p.  359/13253. 
yna\nyd,  pp.  named,  I37/5218. 
ynde,  n.  hind,  225/8098. 
ynde,  n.  indigo,  237/8567. 
ynowh,   ynouh,  adv.  enough,   111/ 

4190,  203/7246,  etc. 


yore,  adv.  long  ago,  yor  agon,  long 

ago,  84/3160;  yon  ful  yore,  very 

long  ago,  149/5690. 
youe,  yove,  vb.  give,  245/8862,  266/ 

9684;  yowen,  yoven,yove,2J^j.  61/ 

2301,  132/5031,  213/7621;  yoved, 

2)p.  given,  652/24360. 
ypavyd,  pp.  paved,  9/331. 
ypocras,  n.  Hippocras,  a  wine,  250/ 

9047,  348/12830.     See  Note, 
ypunysshed,  2^p-  punished,  64/2404. 
yput,  2^7^.  put,  72/2688. 
y-rnd,  2)2},  read,  II5/4353. 
yraylle,  vb.  clothe,  arrange,  7/246. 
yraylled,   vb.  2)'>'et.  sg.   ran,   rolled, 

124/4740. 
yrchown,  n.  hedgehog,  4I8/15549. 
yreyne,  n.  spider,  47O/17560.     See 

hereyne, 
y-rive,  vb.  pierce,  I26/4814. 
yrous,  adj.  angry,  hasty,  73/2715. 
ys,  pron.  his,  I7O/6463. 
ysayd,  p2).  said,  97/3662. 
yse,   vb.   perceive,    267/9692,    462/ 

17251- 

ysee,  behold,  ABC,  53O/19843. 

ysene,  adj.  visible,  I42/5413. 

ysett,  2)p.  placed,  79/2953. 

yseyd,  pp.  said,  composed,  5/150. 

yseyn,  j^p.  seen,  88/3291,  225/8o8o. 

yslmxie,  pp.  shaved,  54/20I2. 

y-shewyd,  p2}.  shown,  I52/5795. 

yslawe,  jip.  slain,  IO/361,  548/20542. 

ysquaryd,  j^)/^.  squared,  214/7672. 

ysswe,  vb.  issue,  482/18049;  pres. 
ysseth,  IO8/4083;  pres.pl.  yssen, 
389/14407  ;  prei.  ^^jL  yssede,  109/ 
4112,  4122. 

ystole,  pp.  stolen,  83/3096. 

ytake,  j9/j.  committed,  57/2122,73/ 
2721  ;  taken,  9O/3379. 

ythrysshe,  pj:».  threshed,  142/5412. 

ytokned,  pp.  betokened,  symbol- 
ized, 131/4974. 

ytornyd,  ytournyd,  pp.  turned,  95/ 

3570. 
y-wrouht,  pp.  wrought,  made,  95/ 

3593,1^^/5513- 
ywryte,   ywrete,  p2).  written,   129/ 

4918,  275/10008. 
ywys,    certainly,     truly,     72/268 1, 

270/9219. 
yyvetb,  vb.  pres.  sg.  giveth,  57/2138. 


725 


INDEX. 


Aaron  and  Moses,  rods  of,  95. 

Abbey  ruined  by  Avarice,  463. 

ABG,  Chaucer's,  528-533. 

Abstinence  and  her  gorger  Sobriety, 
604. 

Abusion,  the  bad  head  of  a  Con- 
vent, 628-629, 633-634;  her  spoon 
and  rule,  428-429,  634. 

Acrostic  of  Deguilleville's  name, 
621-623. 

Adam,  his  disobedience  due  to  pride, 
390. 

Adam  and  Eve,  their  creation  and 
disobedience,  27-29. 

Adonay,  his  commission  to  Tribula- 
tion, 429-433. 

Adulation,  Hagiography's  mirror, 
598-600. 

Aeromancy  and  her  three  sisters, 
Piromancy,  Hydromancy  and  Geo- 
mancy,  552-554. 

Age  and  Sickness  warn  the  Pilgrim 
of  the  coming  of  Death,  647-651 ; 
attack  the  Pilgrim,  651. 

Albeston,  the  fourth  stone  of  David, 
238. 

Alms,  the  Pilgrim  cannot  send  her 
as  messenger,  658-661. 

Ant  and  Sandhill,  comparison  of, 
277-278. 

Anvil  of  Patience,  205,  426. 

Apemenen,  Apame,  467. 

Apostasy,  643-646 ;  her  raven,  643, 
644. 

Aristotle,  his  Elenchis,  45;  on  gener- 
ation, 101-102  ;  sent  by  Nature 
to  reproach  Sapience,  145-147  ; 
his  maxim  that  the  whole  is 
greater  than  tlie  part,  147 ;  is  the 
pupil  of  Science  and  Sapience, 
148-149 ;  discourses  with  Sapi- 
ence about  great  and  small,  152- 
160;  takes  his  leave  of  Sapience, 
161;  on  transmutation,  655. 
Armour,  for  pilgrims,  201-227  ; 
shown  to  Pilgrim  by  Grace  Dieu, 


203-204  ;  necessary  for  the  Pil- 
grim, 202,  204  ;  Pilgrim  objects 
to  it,  203,  208,  229-230;  not 
given  for  legs  and  feet,  225-228  ; 
Pilgrim  puts  it  on,  228  ;  Pilgrim 
takes  it  off,  231-232  ;  carried  by 
the  damsel  Memory,  241-244 ; 
Grace  Dieu  reproaches  the  Pil- 
grim for  not  wearing  it,  245-248. 

Articles  of  the  Church,  signified 
by  the  bells  of  the  scrip,  180-183  ; 
poem  on,  185-190. 

Asceticism  of  St.  Benet,  220. 

Astrology  and  Astronomy,  the  dif- 
ference between  them,  534-536. 

Astrology,  declares  the  influence  of 
the  stars,  537-542,  550  ;  the  Pil- 
grim answers  her,  540,  542-549, 
551;  her  pupils,  551-555. 

Attemperance,  the  Pilgrim' s  helmet, 
213-215. 

Avarice,  her  description,  460-461  ; 
her  six  hands,  460-461,  469-485  ; 
her  mawmet  or  idol,  461, 491-492 ; 
shows  the  Pilgrim  an  abbey 
plundered  by  chessmen,  463  ; 
is  the  ruin  of  the  Church  and 
kings,  464-467  ;  deceives  a  king 
by  causing  him  to  forsake  liber- 
ality, 465-466 ;  her  character, 
467-469  ;  is  bound  to  her  riches, 
469  ;  by  Ravine  despoils  pil- 
grims, 469-470 ;  by  Cutpurse, 
cheats  and  steals,  470-472  ;  by 
Usury  oppresses  the  poor,  and 
sells  Time  and  the  Sun,  472-476  ; 
by  False  Semblance  advances 
impostors,  477-479  ;  by  Simony 
disgraces  the  Church,  480-483  ; 
by  Treachery  she  deceives  and 
works  sham  miracles,  483-485  ; 
her  deformities,  486-490. 

Backbiting  restrained    by   Gorger 

of  Sobriety,  216. 
Baptism,  its  necessity  explained  by 


72G 


Index. 


Grace  Dieu,  24-34  ;  of  the  Pil- 
grim, 33-36. 

Baptism,  the  second,  583. 

Batli  of  Penitence,  582-585. 

Bells  of  the  scrip  mean  the  Articles 
of  tlie  Church,  173-175, 180-185, 
185-1'JO. 

Besom  of  Penance  is  Confession, 
114,  117. 

Body,  the,  should  be  subdued,  220- 
221,  249,  254,  262-2G3,  276-286, 
328  ;  Pilgrim  pampers  it,  250 ; 
is  the  Pilgrim's  greatest  foe,  249, 
250-251,  261,  272;  is  the  Pil- 
grim's master,  249,  253  ;  is  evil 
by  nature,  252,  253  ;  must  not 
be  slain  but  corrected,  254-255  ; 
would  deceive  man,  263 ;  is  a 
cloud  darkening  the  soul,  264- 
267,  270  ;  its  relation  to  the  soul, 
267-269. 

Bordoun,  its  description,  175-176, 
190-194  ;  its  pommels,  190-194. 

Bread  given  to  the  Pilgrim  l)y 
Moses,  245  ;  bread  and  wine  of 
Sacrament  become  Flesh  and 
Blood,  87, 137,  140;  sufficient  for 
all  who  come,  135-136. 

Bread  of  Life,  made  by  Charity  and 
Sapience,  141-144. 

Buckle  of  Constancy,  223. 

Burning  bush,  Nature  protests 
against  miracle  of,  95. 

Bythalassus,  or  Sorcery,  a  peril  of 
the  sea,  561. 

Chalys,  the  Pilgrim  a  monk  of,  9  ; 

the  Abbey  founded  by  St.  Lewis, 

9  ;  described,  592. 
Champion,  story  of  the,  150. 
Cliarhuncle  of  the  staff,  192. 
Charibdis,  or  Fortune,  a  peril  of  the 

sea,  623. 
Charity,  her   character   and   work, 

122-125 ;   caused  the  crucifixion 

of  Christ,  124-125  ;  she  wrote  the 

Testament  of  Christ,  125 ;  guards 

the  table  of  the  Sacrament,  133 ; 

made  the  Bread  of  Life,  141-144  ; 

welcomes    the     Pilgrim    to    the 

monastery,   593 ;    made    Miseri- 

corde's  rope,  654. 
Chastity,   maligned    by   Venus   in 

the   Romance  of  the  Hose,  358  ; 

chatelaine  of  the  monastery,  G08- 


609  ;  her  gloves,  called  "  Double 
Continence,"  609. 

Chaucer,  his  ABC  Prayer  to  the 
Virgin,  527-533. 

Clierry  Tree,  Story  of  tlie,  69-73. 

Cherubin,  chief  porter  of  Jerusalem, 
keeps  the  gate  with  a  sword,  10, 
13  ;  those  who  bear  the  sword  of 
judgment  are  called  this,  72. 

Chiromancy  or  divination  by  the 
hand,  564-568. 

Christ  Jesus,  His  Crucifixion  due  to 
cliarity,  124-125  ;  His  Testament, 
125-132  ;  is  the  higher  pommel 
of  the  bordoun,  191  ;  wore  the 
gambison  of  Patience  on  the 
Cross,  207  ;  His  death  is  the  first 
stone  of  David,  236  ;  saves  men 
by  His  death,  ,340  ;  pierced  by 
Envy's  spear,  402-403  ;  the  milk 
of  His  mercy,  655-656. 

Church,  founded  by  Grace  Dieu,  23  ; 
heresies  in  tlie,  180  ;  reformed  Vjy 
councils,  181  ;  Articles  of  the, 
17.3-175,  180-183,  185-190;  her 
goods,  how  wasted,  640-G43. 

Cistercian  order  chosen  by  Pilgrim, 
590;  the  Porter,  Dread  of  God, 
591. 

Coelum  mobile,  336. 

Commission  of  Grace  Dieu  to 
Reason,  287-289;  of  God  to 
Wrath,  419  ;  of  Tribulation  from 
Adonay,  429-433 ;  of  Tribulation 
from  Satan,  433-434. 

Complaint  of  the  Pilgrim  over 
his  armour,  229-230 ;  over  the 
encumbrance  of  his  body,  274- 
275,  331 ;  cast  off  by  Fortune, 
525-526 ;  over  the  perils  of 
the  sea,  578-579 ;  assailed  by 
Envy,  619  ;  in  Latin  verse,  621- 
623. 

Confession,  priests  should  insist  on, 
74,  116-117;  hindered  by  Sloth, 
375-376. 

Confessors,  their  duties,  74,  376. 

Confirmation,  order  of,  37-38  ;  of 
De  Guilleville,  38. 

Conscience,  the  worm  of,  113  ; 
Hagiography's  mirror,  600-601. 

Conspiracy  or  Scylla,  569  ;  her 
hounds,  570-572. 

Constancy,  the  buckle  of  the  Pil- 
grim's girdle,  223. 


Index. 


727 


Continence,  the  Pilgrim's  gloves, 
216-218. 

Contrition,  the  true  manner  of,  110- 
112  ;  the  luiniiner  of  Penance, 
112-114. 

Convent,  a,  its  bad  head,  628-629, 
633-634  ;  endowed  for  prayer 
and  worship,  G30-631,  63(5  ; 
prayer  and  almsgiving  neglected, 
630-633 ;  is  spoiled  on  account 
of  its  evil  ways,  635-638 ;  its 
cellarer  Purveyance,  640. 

Creed,  its  articles  engraved  on  the 
bells  of  the  scrip,  173-175,  181- 
182  ;  poem  on  the,  185-190. 

Cross,  must  be  borne  by  Christ's  fol- 
lowers, 328  ;  of  Christ,  344  ;  sign 
of,  renders  Satan  powerless,  516. 

Cursing,  is  unprofitable  and  danger- 
ous, 68-70. 

Cutpurse,  Avarice's  second  hand, 
robs  secretly  and  forges,  471. 

Cyprian,  500,  503. 

Cyrces,  a  peril  of  the  sea,  555. 

David,  his  sling  and  stones,  231, 
234-240. 

David  and  Goliath,  229-230,  231. 

Dead  serve  the  living  at  meat,  604, 
610. 

Death  attacks  the  Pilgrim,  G62  ; 
his  powers,  G63. 

Deguilleville,  his  dream,  6  ;  his 
writing  stolen  from  him,  7 ;  he 
writes  his  dream  again,  7-8  ;  he 
desires  to  go  on  pilgrimage,  17- 
18  ;  is  baptized,  35-36  ;  is  con- 
firmed, 38  ;  enters  the  Cistercian 
monastery,  590  ;  awakes  from 
his  dream,  665  ;  acrostic  of  his 
name,  621-623. 

Detraction,  wishes  to  devour  the 
Pilgrim,  411-412  ;  she  steals 
good  name  and  reputation,  413- 
417 ;  her  fleslihook,  414 ;  she 
can  hurt  those  wlio  are  aljsent, 
416;  attacks  the  horse  Good  Re- 
no^\n,  617-618. 

Discipline,  the  file  of  Obedience, 
603. 

Disembodiment  of  the  Pilgrim,  270, 
273. 

Disputation  between  Aristotle  and 
Sapience  concerning  the  Sacra- 
ment of  the  Altar,  145-161. 


Disputation  between  Nature  and 
Grace  concerning  the  Sacrament, 
89-105. 

Doul)le  nature  of  the  Pilgrim,  255- 
281,  334-33.5. 

Dove  accompanies  Grace  Dieu,  19  ; 
represents  the  grace  of  God,  22  ; 
rescues  Pilgrim  from  Sloth,  378  ; 
frightens  the  Pilgrim's  enemies, 
41^;  rescues  tlie  Pilgrim  from 
Necromancy,  505  ;  brings  Pil- 
grim advice  from  Grace  Dieu, 
526. 

Dread  of  God,  Porter  of  the  Monas- 
tery, 591. 

Dream,  Deguilleville's,  6. 

Dreams,  their  character,  6. 

Drunkenness,  its  effects,  353-354. 

Duke  of  Frieseland,  story  of,  502. 

Ears,  Pilgrim's  eyes  must  be  placed 
in,  164-172. 

Elenchns  of  Aristotle,  45,  318. 

Elijah  under  the  juniper,  375. 

Emjity  vessels  make  most  sound, 
428,  432. 

Envy,  her  daughters,  399,403-417  ; 
her  works  and  character,  400- 
402  ;  her  spears,  402-403. 

Envy  and  her  daughters  enter  the 
monastery,  615-616  ,•  by  the  aid 
of  Good  Renown  the  Pilgrim 
tries  to  escape  from,  616;  assail 
the  Pilgrim,  617-618;  the  king 
orders  their  an-est,  624-625. 

Epicureans,  347. 

Eyes  are  the  porters  of  the  liody, 
170. 

Eyes  must  be  placed  in  the  ears, 
164-172. 

Ezekiel,  330,  344. 

Faith   in   God,  Transubstantiatinn, 

and  the  Trinity  necessary,  182- 

183. 
Faith  the  Pilgrim's  scrip,  177  et  seq.; 

defended  by  martyrs,  179. 
False   Semblance,  Avarice's  fourth 

hand,     begs     shamelessly,    477- 

479. 
Flattery,  bears  Pride  on  her  back, 

379,  395-397  ;  deceives  all,  395- 

396  ;  her  mirror,  397-398. 
Flattery,      Hagiograpliy's      mirror, 

598-600. 


728 


iTidex. 


Force  is  Bignified  by  the  Habergeon, 
the  second  armour  of  the  Pilgrim, 
211. 

Fox  and  the  raven,  fable  of,  384- 
385. 

Fox  and  tlie  herrings,  fable  of,  394. 

Forswearing,  Avarice's  tongue,  cor- 
rupts justice,  486-488. 

Fortune,  princess  of  all  transitory 
things,  1-2  ;  her  double  look,  1, 
519  ;  her  wheel  and  tree,  518- 
525  ;  is  uncertain  and  treacherous, 
1-2,  521-522,  524  ;  her  crook, 
523-524 ;  her  school  of  magic, 
495-496,  503. 

Fortunes,  how  predicted,  496. 

Free  Will,  435,  551,  567-568. 

French  young  men's  pastimes,  305- 
306. 

Gambison  of  Patience,  205-210. 

Games  j^layed  by  youtli,  305-306  ; 
taught  by  Idleness,  317 ;  played 
by  Avarice,  492. 

Gate  of  Moral  Virtue,  320. 

Gates  of  man's  body,  sis,  115-117, 
169-172. 

Geomancy,  553-555. 

Girdle  of  Perseverance,  223. 

Glaive,  meaning  of,  65-66. 

Gloves  of  Continence,  216-218. 

Gluttony,  her  appearance  and  char- 
acter, 346-351  ;  her  tongue,  351- 
352  ;  her  two  stomachs,  354 ; 
with  Venus  attacks  Pilgrim  and 
stranger,  365-370. 

Gold  is  the  idol  of  Avarice,  491-492. 

Goliath,  230,  231,  235,  236. 

Good  Renown  aids  the  Pilgrim  to 
escape  from  Envy,  616  ;  iiis  four 
feet,  616-617. 

Gorger  of  Soberness  restrains  from 
gluttony  and  backbiting,  215- 
216. 

Gospel,  how  it  should  be  under- 
stood, 297-298. 

Grace  Dieu,  her  appearance  and 
attire,  18-19  ;  undertakes  to  help 
the  poet  and  all  pilgrims,  20-22  ; 
takes  the  poet  to  her  liouse,  1330 
years  old,  23  ;  explains  the  neces- 
sity of  Baptism,  24-34  ;  explains 
original  sin,  26-32  ;  is  the  lielp 
of  all  pilgrims,  62-  63 ;  has  power 
over   the   heavens,  90,  101  ;  re- 


proaches Nature,  97-104 ;  is 
Nature's  mistress,  99-101  ;  can 
do  miracles  at  her  will,  103-104; 
explains  the  sacramental  change 
to  the  Pilgrim,  137-162  ;  promises 
the  Pilgrim  the  sacrament,  scrip 
and  staff,  163  ;  explains  why  the 
Pilgrim's  eyes  must  be  placed  in 
his  ears,  164-172  ;  disembodies 
the  Pilgrim,  270-273  ;  her  stone 
of  invisibility,  282  ;  leaves  the 
Pilgrim,  282  ;  her  commission  to 
Reason,  287-289  ;  explains  the 
meaning  of  the  Wheel  of  Lust, 
332-335,  336-337  ;  explains  the 
movements  of  the  planets,  335- 
336,  338;  warns  the  Pilgrim 
against  discouragement  and  de- 
spair, 339-344 ;  comes  to  the 
Pilgrim  in  the  ship  of  Religion, 
580  ;  causes  the  Pilgrim  to  enter 
the  bath  of  Penitence,  582-585  ; 
reproaches  the  Pilgrim,  586-587; 
spoils  a  monastery  of  its  goods 
on  account  of  its  evil  govern- 
ment, 627  et  seq. ;  shows  Rehgious 
Orders  to  the  Pilgrim,  628  et  seq.; 
warns  the  Pilgrim  of  his  end, 
662-664. 
Guyllyam,  De  Guilleville's  sponsor, 
35. 

Habergeon  of  Fortitude,  211-212. 

Hagiography,  or  Holy  Scripture,  is 
partly  clark  and  partly  light,  594- 
696  ;  her  mirrors,  596-601. 

Hearing,  the  only  trustworthy  sense, 
138-140,  164-166  ;  the  porter  of 
the  body,  171. 

Heart  of  man  is  small  but  cannot  be 
satisfied,  save  by  a  greater  thing 
than  the  world,  153-156. 

Heaven,  third  stone  of  David  is 
memory  of,  237  ;  is  in  a  man's 
soul,  566. 

Hedge  of  Penance  divides  the  paths 
of  Idleness  and  Labour,  307  ;  is 
painful,  319  ;  Pilgrim  crosses  it 
on  the  back  of  Youth,  346 ;  Pil- 
grim tries  to  get  throucjh  it, 
but  is  caught  by  Sloth,  370-371. 

Hell,  Christ  descended  to,  126,  174; 
fourth  stone  of  David  is  memory 
of,  238 ;  Lucifer  cast  down  to, 
380  ;  cannot  hurt  the  holy,  416. 


Index. 


720 


Helmet  of  Attemperance  protects 
eyes  and  ears,  213-215. 

Heresies,  180. 

Heresy  formed  schismatic  sects, 
506  ;  wishes  to  reshape  the  Pil- 
grim's scrip,  505-507. 

Hermit  deceived  by  Satan,  515. 

Holy  Scripture,  or  Hagiography, 
601-602. 

Holy  Writ  is  fifth  stone  of  David, 
239. 

Hope,  the  Pilgrim's  staff,  191. 

Horns  of  Invocation,  613  ;  of  Moses, 
37,  42,  49-50  ;  of  Pride,  379,  384. 

Humility,  the  scabbard,  221-222. 

Hypocrisy,  Pride's  mantel,  392-396. 

Idleness,  the  damsel,  at  the  parting 
of  the  ways,  307  ;  sends  pilgrims 
astra}^,  309  ;  teaches  people  to 
play  and  revel,  317  ;  her  charac- 
ter, 318  ;  advises  the  Pilgrim  to 
take  the  left-hand  path,  319, 

Idol  of  Avarice  is  gold,  461,  491- 
492  ;  worshipped  by  a  carpenter, 
555-556,  557-561. 

IdoLitry  and  vvhat  the  Pilgrim  sees 
in  her  house,  555-561. 

Images,  their  adoration  not  idolatry, 
559-560. 

Impatience  under  correction  pro- 
duces hatred,  422-423. 

Invocation  of  spirits,  dispute  on, 
497-500. 

Isaac  and  his  sons,  138-139. 

Jacob  and  Esau,  423. 

Jerusalem,  the  heavenly,  Degnille- 
ville  sees  it  in  a  vision  9  ;  Cheriib- 
in  guards  the  gate,  10,  13  ;  the 
means  of  entering  it,  10,  12,  14, 
15-22,  24  ;  pilgrims  to  it  suffer 
torments,  10-11. 

Joseph  devoured  by  Envy,  400; 
in  Kgy])t,  637-638. 

Judas,  482. 

Justice  corrupted  by  Avarice,  486- 
488. 

Keys,  why  they  are  given  and  how 

they  should  be  used,  74. 
Keys  and  sword  may  be  used  only 

by  permission,  81-86. 
King    who    loved    liberality,   465- 

466. 


King  and   his   false  knights,  570- 

571. 
King  who  only  reigned  for  one  year, 

659-660. 
Kings  and  nobles  taught  by  Avarice, 

464-467. 

Labour  a  net-maker,  at  the  parting 
of  the  waj's,  308  ;  warns  Pilgrim 
against  Idleness,  309  ;  speaks  of 
social  differences  and  the  func- 
tions of  labour,  310-315  ;  shows 
the  Pilgrim  the  right  path,  315. 

Latria,  612-613  ;  keeps  the  monas- 
tery gate,  613  ;  her  instruments, 
613. 

Lesson,  the  Pittancer  of  the  monas- 
tery, 594,  601-602. 

Lewis,  King,  his  good  deeds,  660. 

Longius,  402. 

Lucifer  has  no  place  for  repentance, 
342-343  ;  cast  down  from  heaven 
by  Pride,  380. 

Lying,  the  haunch  of  Avarice,  486. 

Magical  arts,  shown  to  the  Pilgrim 
by  Necromancy's  messenger,  496- 
497  ;  denounced  by  the  Pilgrim, 
497-503. 

Man  is  the  image  of  God  and  comes 
from  God,  259-262,  334  ;  returns 
to  God  at  last,  334,  337  ;  is  a 
microcosm,  336,  564. 

Marriage,  Order  of,  51-53. 

Martyrs,  their  torments,  10-11  ; 
defend  faith  of  Christ,  179  ;  none 
have  faith  now-a-days  to  be,  179- 
180;  wore thepurpointof  Patience, 
210. 

Mary  Magdalen  softened  by  contri- 
tion, 109. 

Mary,  the  Virgin.     See  Virgin. 

Mawmet,  or  idol  of  Avarice,  461, 
491-492. 

Memory  contains  all  things,  156- 
157  ;  carries  the  Pilgrim's  armour, 
241-244 ;  has  her  eyes  behind, 
242,  243-244. 

Messenger  of  the  king,  625-626. 

Messenger  of  Necromancy,  shows 
the  Pilgrim  magical  arts,  496- 
497 ;  argues  witii  the  Pilgrim 
about  magic,  497-503. 

Messengers  to  Paradise  are  Alms 
and  Prayer,  658-661. 


730 


Index. 


IMicrocosin,  man  is  a,  336,  564-565. 

Miracles  ;  Nature  protests  against, 
94-95  ;  falsely  worked  by  Ava- 
rice's hand,  Treacher}',  484-485. 

IMirror  of  Adulation,  397-398,  598- 
600;  of  Conscience,  601. 

Misericorde  pities  and  helps  all 
sinners,  652-653,  656  ;  her  cord, 
65.3-654 ;  her  nulk,  654-656  ; 
leads  the  Pilgrim  to  the  infirmary, 
657. 

Monastery  of  Chaalis,  founded  by 
St.  Lewis,  9 ;  explored  by  the 
Pilgrim,  592 ;  its  inhabitants, 
592-615. 

Monks,  Orders  of,  15,  590 ;  their 
duties,  56-58  ;  their  faults,  627- 
637. 

Moral  Virtue  directs  the  Pilgrim  in 
the  right  way,  320-324;  dis- 
courses on  Virtues  and  Vices, 
322-324  ;  bids  the  Pilgrim  pray 
to  find  the  right  path,  325. 

Mortification  of  the  body  crucifies 
and  overcomes  the  bodv,  326- 
331. 

Moses,  his  appearance,  37  ;  asks 
the  meaning  of  his  horns  and 
goad,  42  ;  gives  the  tonsure,  53  ; 
ordains  officers,  58-60  ;  gives 
Grace  Dieu  to  the  pilgrims,  61  ; 
gives  sword  and  keys  to  pil- 
grims, 61  ;  gives  the  Pilgrim  sword 
and  keys  sealed  up,  76 ;  gives 
them  unsealed  to  priests  and 
monks,  82-86  ;  divides  the  releff 
among  pilgrims,  105  ;  gives  the 
Sacrament  to  good  and  l)ad,  134— 
135  ;  gives  the  Pilgrim  bread, 
245. 

Murderers  produced  by  Wrath,  424. 

Music  inspired  by  Pride,  386-387. 

Nature  remonstrates  with  Grace 
Dieu  about  the  Sacramental 
change  and  miracles,  90-96  ; 
governs  all  beneath  the  sun,  9 1-94; 
she  describes  Spring,  92 ;  re- 
proached by  Grace  Dieu,  97-104  ; 
her  power  comes  from  Grace 
Dieu,  99-104 ;  begs  Grace  Dieu 
to  forgive  her,  105. 

Necromancy,  504-505  ;  her  messen- 
ger, his  doings  and  arguments, 
494-503. 


Obedience,  her  ropes,  file  and  targe, 
603  ;  binds  the  Pilgrim  for  thirty- 
nine  years,  614-615. 

Obstinacy,  the  staff  of  Rude  En- 
tendement,  hardens  Jews  and 
heathen,  298-299,  391-392. 

Official  baptizes  De  Guilleville,  36  ; 
marries  two  pilgrims,  51-53. 

Ointments  made  by  the  master,  38  ; 
their  use,  38-40. 

Orders  of  Confirmation,  37-38  ;  last 
Unction,  38-39  ;  of  Marriage,  51- 
53  ;  of  Colyt,  58. 

Orders  of  Monks,  15,  590  ;  those 
that  break  rule,  627-637. 

Original  Sin  explained  by  Grace 
Dieu,  26-32. 

Ortigometra,  contemplative  pil- 
grims compared  to  the  bird,  511- 
512. 

Ostrich,  Pride  is  like  an,  39.3. 

Ovid  tries  to  console  the  Pilgrim, 
620-621. 

Part  made  equal  to  whole  by  Sa- 
pience, 147. 

Patience,  the  Pilgrim's  Gambison, 
205-210. 

Path,  Pilgrim  takes  wrong,  320. 

Paths  of  Labour  and  Idleness,  two, 
307  et  seq. 

Pax  given  to  the  world  by  Christ, 
128;  the  figure  of,  129-131. 

Penance,  106  ;  her  hanmier  of  Con- 
trition, 107-114  ;  her  besom  of 
Confession,  114-117  ;  her  rods  of 
Satisfaction,  118-120  ;  the  portress 
of  the  Sacrament,  120-122,  133  ; 
helps  to  subdue  the  body,  254, 
327  ;  Pilgrim  must  return  to  her, 
581. 

Penitence,  the  bath  of,  582-585. 

Perils  of  the  sea,  518,  523,  555,  567, 
573,  578. 

Perseverance,  the  Pilgrim's  girdle, 
223. 

Perseverance  in  resistance  to  sensu- 
ality leads  back  to  God,  337. 

Pharaoh  wore  Pride's  spur,  Rebel- 
lion, 390. 

Philemon  and  Hypocras,  story  of, 
567-568. 

Physiognomy,  564. 

Pilgrimage,  the  poet  desires  to  go 
on,  17-18. 


Index. 


731 


Pilerims  to  Jerusalem  are  torment- 
ed, 10-12  ;  leave  their  scrips  and 
statfs  outside  Jerusalem,  17  ;  swim 
in  the  sea,  509-513  ;  Satan  lays 
snares  for,  513-514. 

Pilgrymage  de  Monnde  (by  G.  de  G.) 
shows  the  right  way,  3;  Lydgate's 
translation  of  it,  4-5  ;  date  of 
Lydgate's  translation,  5. 

Planets,  their  movements,  335-336, 
338. 

Poem  on  the  Articles  of  the  Church, 
185-190;  onGod  in  Trinity,  194- 
199  ;  on  the  Virgin  Mary,  199- 
201  ;  to  Mary,  in  tribulation,  454- 
455  ;  Chaucer's  A  B  G,  528-533  ; 
acrostic  on  De  Guileville's  name, 
621-623. 

Pommels  of  the  staff,  192-194. 

Pope  or  Vicar  appointed  by  God, 
84-85  ;  delegates  his  power,  85- 
86. 

Porter,  Fear  of  God,  speaks  to  the 
Pilgrim,  and  brings  him  Orison 
and  Almesse,  91. 

Posterns,  Moral  Virtue  advises  the 
Pilgrim  to  avoid  them,  320-321, 
324. 

Poverty,  Impatient,  606-608. 

Poverty,  Wilful,  her  song,  605-606. 

Prayer  of  St.  Bernard,  437-456  ;  to 
the  Virgin  (Chaucer's  A  B  C), 
528-533. 

Prayer  necessary  for  finding  the 
right  way,  325. 

Prayer  the  messenger  to  heaven, 
609-612;  her  power,  611  ;  agrees 
to  be  the  Pilgrim's  messenger  to 
Paradise,  661, 

Predicamentum  ad  aliquid,  77-79. 

Prelates  and  priests,  their  duties, 
40-50,  64-75. 

Pride,  her  description  and  lineage, 
379-380;  deceives  Adam,  380; 
her  works,  381-384  ;  her  bellows, 
384-387;  her  horn,  387-389 ;  her 
spurs,  389-391;  her  staff,  391- 
392  ;  her  mantle,  392-395 ;  is 
borne  by  Flattery,  378,  395. 

Priests  should  insist  on  Confession, 
74. 

Priests  who  buy  and  sell  spiritual 
gifts,  481-482. 

Property,  Avarice's  hump,  keeps 
men  from  heaven,  489-490. 

PILGRIMAGE. 


Prologue  of  Deguilleville,  6-9  ;  of 

Lydgate,  1-5. 
Prudence  the  Pilgrim's  target,  223- 

224  ;  the  targe  of  Discipline,  603. 
Ptolemy,  535-536,  550. 
Publican  and  Pharisee,  story  of,  222. 
Purpoynt.     See  Gan)bison. 
Purveyance  shows  the  l^ilgrim  how 

the  Church's  goods  are  wasted, 

640-643. 
Pyromancy,  552. 

Rainbow  a  sign  of  concord  witli 
God,  653. 

Ravine,  Avarice's  first  hand,  despoils 
the  poor,  470. 

Reason  advises  priests  to  be  gentle,^ 
40-42  ;  advises  Moses  how  to  use 
his  horns  and  goad,  42-50  ;  justi- 
fies the  tonsure,  54-58 ;  tells 
monks  their  duty,  55-58  ;  her 
sermon,  64-75  ;  cannot  under- 
stand the  Sacramental  change, 
88  ;  rebukes  Rude  Entendement, 
285-286 ;  her  commission  from 
Grace  Dieu  against  Rude  Enten- 
dement, 287-289  ;  defends  herself 
against  the  accusations  of  Rude 
Entendement,  291-292  ;  disputes 
with  Rude  Entendement  about 
the  scrip  and  staflF,  294-297  ; 
rebukes  his  obstinacy,  298-300. 

Religion,  Grace  Dieu's  ship,  579- 
580,  588-589  ;  small  religions  ob- 
servances must  not  be  neglected, 
588-589. 

Religious  Orders  visited  by  Pilgrim, 
626  et  seq. 

Repentance  will  restore  the  Pilgrim, 
342-344 ;  often  caused  by  sick- 
ness, 649 

Riches  bind  Avarice,  469 ;  clog 
people's  feet,  512;  love  of,  leads  to 
Satan,  576  ;  of  the  wicked  shall 
be  given  to  the  virtuous,  638. 

Righteousness,  sword  of,  218-221. 

Righteousness  who  helped  to  forge 
Wrath's  saw,  422-423. 

Rods  of  Moses  and  Aaron  ;  their 
magical  powers,  95. 

Romance  of  the  Bose,  56,  358-3G0  ; 
its  author  called  Malebouche,  360; 
Norman  exposes  Jean  de  Meun, 
359-360. 

Rude    Entendement,   tlie    Pilgrim 


7.S2 


Index. 


meets,  283-284  ;  trys  to  stop  the 
Pilgrim,  284-285  ;  rebuked  by 
Reason,  285-286  ;  Ren  son's  com- 
mission against,  287-289 ;  accuses 
Reason  of  dishonesty,  290,  293  ; 
disputes  with  Reason,  294-297 ; 
contirined  Nabal,  Pliaraoh  and 
the  Jews  in  obstinacy,  298-299; 
is  bhrided  l)y  liis  folly,  300. 

Sacrament  of  the  Altar,  86-88,  105; 
guarded  by  Penance,  120-122; 
must  be  taken  with  Charity, 
133;  given  to  all,  134-135;  suf- 
ficient for  all  who  come,  135-136; 
the  virtues  of  the  Bread  of  the, 
158-160;  promised  to  the  Pilgrim, 
163. 

Sacrament  of  baptism  given  to  the 
Pilgrim,  4  ;  of  Confirmation  re- 
ceived by  the  Pilgrim,  6  ;  of 
marriage,  7  ;  of  penance  and  how 
confession  should  be  made,  33-34. 

Sacramental  change  not  understood 
by  Reason,  88;  explained  .by 
Grace  Dieu,  137-162  ;  understood 
through  Hearing  only,  140  ;  not 
tauglit  to  Aristotle,  150-152. 

St.  Austin,  452-453. 

St.  Benedict,  his  asceticism,  220  ; 
his  rule  badly  kept,  629. 

St.  Bernard,  his  continence,  217-218; 
his  prayer  to  the  Virgin  Mary, 
437-451. 

St.  Cyprian,  500,  503. 

St.  John,  126-127,  416-417. 

St.  Lawrence,  492. 

St.  Lewis,  founded  monastery  of 
Chalys,  9  ;  did  many  good  works, 
660-661. 

St.  Nicholas,  410. 

St.  Peter  keeps  a  gate  of  Jerusalem, 
14  ;  softened  by  Contrition,  109. 

St.  William  of  Chalys,  216. 

Saints  and  monastic  orders  help 
otliers  to  enter  heaven,  14-15  ; 
to  honour  the  images  of  saints  is 
not  idolatry,  559-560. 

Salisbury,  Earl  of,  commands  Lyd- 
gate  to  translate  the  Pilgrymaye 
cle  Mounde,  4. 

Sapience  helps  Charity  to  make  the 
Bread  of  Life,  143-144  ;  her  two 
schools,  148-1.50  ;  taught  Nature 
and  Aristotle,  148-149  ;  but  did 


not  teach  tliem  about  the  Sacra- 
ment, 150-152;  discourses  with 
Aristotle  about  the  Sacramental 
change,  151-160  ;  explains  to 
Aristotle  how  the  great  can  be 
contained  in  the  small,  152-160. 

Satan,  his  commission  to  Tribulation, 
433-434  ;  lays  nets  and  snares  for 
pilgrims,  507-508,513-514;  tells 
the  Pilgrim  about  the  sea  of  the 
World,  510-513  ;  his  works  and 
snares,  513-516 ;  by  deceit  he 
causes' a  hermit  to  kill  his  father, 
515  ;  made  powerless  by  the  sign 
of  the  Cross,  516  ;  laments,  517  ; 
his  school,  563. 

Saul,  391,  402. 

Scabbard  of  Humility,  221-222. 

Schisms  produced  by  Heresy,  506. 

Schools  of  Sapience  and  Satan,  148- 
150,  563. 

Scilla,  a  peril  of  the  sea,  569,  615- 
616. 

Scrip,  its  colour,  177-179  ;  its 
twelve  bells,  173-175,  180-183. 

Scrip  and  staff  left  outside  Jerusa- 
lem by  pilgrims,  17  ;  promised  to 
Pilgrim,  163  ;  cannot  be  seen  with 
the  eyes,  164 ;  described,  173 
et  scq. ;  given  to  the  Pilgrim,  176- 
183,  201;  Rude  Entendement 
tries  to  hinder  the  Pilgrim  from 
carrying  them,  285,  295  ;  Reason 
shows  why  they  should  be  borne, 
295-297. 

Sea  of  the  World,  509  ;  pilgrims 
swim  in  it,  509-513  ;  troubles 
and  perils  in  the  sea,  510,  518, 
523,  555,  569,  673,  578. 

Senses.     See  Wits. 

Sensuality  drags  the  Pilgrim  back, 
339. 

Ship  of  Grace  Dieu  or  Religion,  579; 
is  bound  together  by  osiers  signi- 
fying ceremonies,  588-589  ;  con- 
tains castles  and  mouasteries,  580, 
589-590. 

Sickness  comes  to  the  Pilgrim,  646- 
647  ;  troubles  folk  and  makes 
them  repent,  648-649. 

Simony,  Avarice's  fifth  hand,  causes 
holy  offices  to  be  bought  and  sold, 
480-482. 

Sin,  deadly,  339. 

Sins,  contrition   for,  must   be   par- 


Index, 


733 


ticular,  111  ;  must  be  punished, 
119. 
Sliug :   the  Pilgrim's  mouth  is  his, 

240. 
Sloth  binds  the  Pilgrim,  371-372  ; 
her  master,  373  ;  lier  effects,  373- 
374  ;  her  ropes,  375-377. 
Small   things    may    contain    great 

ones,  153-167. 
Sobriety,  the  gorger  of  Abstinence, 
604  ;  the  gorger  for  the  Pilgrim, 
216. 
Solomon,  223-224,  500,  502. 
Song  of  Wilful  Poverty,  605. 
Sorcery,  561;  her  merchandise,  562  ; 
how  she  lost  her  soul,  563  ;  her 
hand      Chiromancy,     and     face 
Physiognomy^  564-568. 
Soul  is  in  the  similitude  of  God,  259- 
260,  261-263  ;  rules  the  body  and 
not  the  body  the  soul,  2G2-270 ; 
is  as  a  sun  behind  clouds,  264- 
266  ;  sees  without   bodily  eyes, 
266-267  ;    is  separated  from  the 
Pilgrim's   body   by  Grace   Dieu, 
270-273 ;   is  at  enmity  with  the 
body,  272,  276, 281 ;  hindered  by 
the  body  may  not  see  nor  mount 
on  high,  274-276,  280. 
Spears  of  envy,  402-403. 
Spirit,  called    Mortification    of    the 
body,  326-331  ;  of  man  hindered 
by  the  body,  335. 
Spirits,  invocation  of,  497-500. 
Spring,  description  of,  92. 
Spurs  of  Pride,  Disobedience,  and 

Rebellion,  390. 
Stars,  their  influence,  537-551. 
Sterility   destroys  the   goods  of  a 

monastery,  639. 
Stones  of  David,  five,  234,  236-239. 
Stories  of  the  Champion,  150  ;  the 
cherry  tree  cursed  by  a  priest, 
69-70  ;  of  the  Duke  of  Frieseland, 
502  ;  the  Fox  and  the  Herrings, 
384-385  ;  the  Fox  and  the  Raven, 
394  ;  the  Hermit  deceived  by 
Satan,  515  ;  the  King  and  his  false 
knights,  570-571  ;  the  king  who 
loved  Liburalit}',  465-46() ;  the 
king  who  only  reigned  for  one 
year,  659-660 ;  Philemon  and 
Hypocras,  567-568 ;  the  Publi- 
can and  Pharisee,  222. 
Sword   of  Judgment  given  to    pil- 


grims by  Moses,  61  ;  the  mean- 
ing of  Glaive,  65-66  ;  proper  use 
of,  64-73 ;  its  name  Versatylis, 
72. 

Sword  and  Keys  desired  by  tlic 
Pilgrim,  75  ;  given  to  him  sealed 
up,  76  ;  Reason  explains  why, 
77-86  ;  given  unsealed  to  priests 
and  monks,  82-86. 

Sword  of  Righteousness,  218-221. 

Synderesis,  130, 

Syren,  a  peril  of  the  sea,  573. 

Target  of  Prudence,  223-224, 

Taste,  350-351. 

Tau,  a  sign  sprinkled  with  blood, 
37. 

Testament  of  Christ,  125-132. 

Thief,  the  penitent,  611-612. 

Time  sold  by  Usury,  474-476. 

Tobias,  266. 

Tongue  of  a  drunkard,  351-353. 

Tonsure  given  by  Moses,  53 ;  justi- 
fied by  Reason,  64,  56-68. 

Tower,  Revolving,  573,  676-576. 

Transmutation.     See  Aristotle. 

Transubstantiation.  See  Sacra- 
mental Change. 

Treachery,  Avarice's  sixth  hand, 
cheats  and  works  sham  miracles, 
483-485. 

Treason  receives  a  box,  a  false 
face,  and  a  knife  from  her  father, 
405-408  ;  is  flattering,  secret,  and 
treacherous,  405-409  ;  her  power, 
408-410;  attacks  the  Pilgrim, 
618. 

Tribulation  is  Heaven's  goldsmith, 
426-427,  431  ;  her  hammer.  Perse- 
cution, 427  ;  her  tongs,  Distress, 
427;  her  apron,  Shame,  427-428; 
her  Commission  from  Adonay,429 
-433;  her  Commission  from  Satan, 
433-434  ;  works  for  God  or  Satan 
according  to  the  Pilgrim's  behavi- 
our, 435-436 ;  smites  the  Pilgrim, 
436 ;  the  Pilgrim's  prayer  to 
Mary  against,  437-456  ;  turns  the 
Pilgrim  to  God,  467-458. 
Trinity,  the,  Faith  in  it  is  necessary, 
182-183;  the  doctrine  of,  183; 
poem  on,  194-199. 

Uuicorn,  Pride  is  like  an,  397-398. 
Usury,  the  third  hand  of  Avarice, 


7.34- 


Itidex. 


472-474  ;  defined  by  means  of  the 
comparison  of  the  wood  and 
woodman,  475-477. 

Venne,  or  Luxury,  chases  away 
Reason,  55  ;  witli  Cupid  lies  in 
wait  for  men,  226-227  ;  can  only 
be  escaped  by  flight,  227,  330; 
accompanies  Gluttony,  355  ; 
smites  the  Pilgrim,  356  ;  can  hurt 
cloistered  Chastity,  357  ;  why  she 
and  Chastity  hate  each  other, 
357-358  ;  Romance  of  the  Rose,  is 
her  book,  358 :  her  description, 
355,  362-363  ;  Jier  officers,  364- 
365  ;  with  Gluttony  binds  and 
ill-treats  the  Pilgrim  and  a 
Stranger,  366-369. 

Vicar,     See  Moses. 

Virginity  hated  by  Venus,  356-357. 

Virgin  Mary,  bequeathed  to  St. 
Jo!m,  126  ;  one  of  the  pommels 
of  the  bordoun,  192-193 ;  is  a 
mediator  between  man  and  Christ, 
193;  poems  to,  199-201,  454- 
455 ;  second  stone  of  David  is 
memory  of,  237  ;  Chaucer's  ABC 
Prayer  to  lier,  527-533 ;  Prayer 
of  St.  Bernard  to  the,  437-456. 

Virtue.     See  Moral  Virtue. 

Virtues  have  their  attendant  vices, 
323. 

Wheel  of  Fortune,  518-522,  525. 
Wlieel   of  Lust   and   its   meaning, 
332-335. 


Wiolcet  by  which  Jerusalem  is 
entered,  12,  13,  664  ;  kept  by  St. 
Peter,  14. 

Wings  to  fly  into  Paradise  given  to 
pilgrims  by  saints,  14-15. 

Wits  ;  man  deceived  by  them,  138  ; 
Hearing  alone  trustworthy,  138- 
140, 164-166  ;  are  but  instruments 
of  the  soul,  267 ;  should  be  marked 
with  the  Cross,  329-330.  See  alsol 
Gates  of  the  Body. 

Wood  and  Woodman,  example  of 
the,  475-477. 

Worldly  Gladness,  a  syren,  573-577. 

Wrath,    his    description,    418-419 
has  a  commission  from  God,  419 
his  cliaracter  and  works,  420-421 
his  two  stones.  Despite  and  Strife, 
422 ;   his  iron,  Impatience,  422 
liis  saw,    Hatred,    422-424 ;    his 
falchion   with   which    murderers 
are   girded,  424  ;  attacks  the  Pil- 
grim, 425. 

Youth  is  feathered  and  lively,  303- 
306;  her  games,  305-306;  ac- 
companies the  Pilgrim,  307 ; 
advises  the  Pilgrim  to  follow 
Idleness,  315-316;  flies  aloft 
with  the  Pilgrim,  345-346;  flies 
with  him  across  the  hedge  of 
Penitence,  346  ;  saves  the  Pilgrim 
from  Avarice,  493  ;  rescues  the 
Pilgrim  from  the  syren,  577 ; 
leaves  the  Pilgrim,  578. 


735 


INDEX  OF  NAMES. 


Aaron,  37/1394,  95/3577,  IO3/3909. 
Abachucli,  I77/6765. 
Absinthium,  342/12574. 
Adam,    30/iii2,    39O/14436,    432/ 

16096. 
Adonay,  428/15973. 
Albalart,  5OO/18737. 
Alysaundre,  552/20715. 
Ainalech,  39I/14499. 
Amasa,  4O6/15072. 
Ambrose,  St.,  4^/1852.      H^ 
Apeinenen,  467/17423. 
Architeclyn,  95/3589,  IO4/3916. 
Argus,  1 67/636 1. 
Aristotile,     Arystotyles,      45/ 1682, 

101/3823,     145/5537,     154/5871, 

I6I/6143,  655/24442. 
Arras,  304/ 11 137. 
Arryens,  506/ 1895 8. 
Asael,  305/11160. 
Athenys,  I56/5935. 
Augustyn,    Awstyn,    Seyut,     452/ 

16869,  5O6/18974,  533/20152. 

Babiloun,  385/14224. 

Barlam,  659/24620. 

Barrabap,  424/15776. 

Bel,  349/12857. 

Benet,  Benytb,  St.,  1 5/568,  22O/7882, 

629/23464. 
Bernard,  St.,  2I7/7793,  437/i6273. 
Bersabee,  375/13845. 
Breteyne,  627/19754. 

Calliope,   the    Lady    of    the    Well 

beside  Citharon,  6/172-3. 
Cartage,  206/7305. 
Chalys,    Seyn   Wyllyam    of,    216/ 

7730- 
Chartrehous,  69O/22097. 
Chaucer,  627/19755. 
Clervaws,  375/13857. 
Clwny,  590/22096. 
Constantyn,  5O6/18973. 
Crysostom,  I2/447. 
Cryst,  Crystlhesu,  I4/505,  I2I/4609, 


124/4724,  174/6617,  236/8520,  et 

jjassim. 
Cupide,  226/8135,  227/8170. 
Cypryan,  5OO/18737,  5O3/1S830. 
Cystews,  69O/22095. 
Dalyda,  263/9533. 
Dan,  6 17/23 1 1 9. 
Danyel,  349/12858,  45O/16784. 
Dauyd,  David,  23I/8310,  234/8424, 

241/8697,  402/14920. 
Dina,  357/13146. 

Egipciens,  635/23709. 

Egypt,  535/20036,  635/23701. 

Ei)icuris,  347/i278o. 

Esau,     138/5274,     I39/5293,     423/ 

15730. 
Esdras,  467/17422. 
Eue,30/i  1 13,  390/14440. 
Ezechyel,    Ezechel,    37/1403,    333/ 

12242,  633/22618. 

Fraunce,  627/19758. 
Fraunceys,  St.,  I6/582. 
Fryse,  Duke  of,  602/ 18792. 

Gabrielles,  63I/19905  (ABC). 
Ganymede,  Jupiter's 'butler,  6/178. 
George,  St.,  Ml j  12767. 
God,   9/326,    41/1564,    42/1568,    et 

passim. 
Golyas,   Golye,    Golyat,    230/8268, 

231/8316,  234/8439. 
Gregoir,  St.,  I2/424. 
Gyosy,  48O/17940,  482/18014. 

Helye,  375/13844. 

Holy    Gost,    the,    173/66io,    531/ 

19883,  19904  (ABC). 
Homer,  539/20190. 

lacob,  139/5295,  400/14845. 
lanuence,  66/2450,  66/2458. 
lereniye,  447/16649,  464/ 173 14. 
Jerusalem,    8/294,     9/312,    2O/742, 

3O8/11288,  etc. 
lesse,  595/22303. 
lewys,  549/20596. 


73G 


Index  of  Names. 


Ihesu,  ihesu   cryst,   191/7 083,  595/ 

2^2304,  etc. 
Inde,  205/7305. 
loab,  4OG/15070. 
loachym,  445/ 16604. 
lob,  427/15889. 
lohan,    John,    St.,    I26/4807,    341/ 

12566,  4I6/15459,  549/20604. 
loseph,   I2G/4796,   358/13179,  400/ 

14844,  637/23782. 
Isaye,  Ysaye,    IO2/3853,    II8/4485, 

183/7005,384/18185. 
Israel,  44/1654,  39O/14448. 
lubiter,  5/176,  338/12436. 
ludas,  406/1 5074,  482/18032. 
Iiilyan,  517/19386. 

Landown  (castle  of),  383/i4i8i. 
Laurence,  St.,  492/18414. 
Longins,      4O2/14933,      533/i9953 

{ABC). 
Lowys,  St.,  66O/24653. 
Liicyfer,  342/12578,  38O/14030: 

Macbabeyes,  4O6/15080. 

Maliown,  461/17224. 

Mars,     541/20255  ;    Martys,     548/ 

20541. 
Martyii,  St..  I23/4674. 
Marye,  125/4773,  457/16287. 
Matbesis,  539/20185,  564/21152. 
Matliew,  St.,  1 2/444. 
Mawdelayne,  583/21858. 
Mercurye,  9I/3432. 
Moyses,  37/1394,  44/1653,  6I/2269 

80/3014, 86/3236, 95/3577,  i;^i/ 

51 14,  137/5228,  etpcKssiin. 
Muses,  tbe,  5/171. 

Nabal,  298/10907. 

Nabugodoiiosor,     384/14222,     451/ 

1 6809. 
Neemye,  11 5/4368. 
Neptanabus,  552/20714. 
Neptune,  552/207I2. 
Nervaws,  375/13858. 
Noe,    314/11515,    587/21994,    644/ 

24059. 
Nycene,  5O6/18972. 


Nycbolae,  St.,  4 10/ 15 226. 

Oger,  219/7839. 
Olyuor,  219/7840. 
Ovydius,  620/23221,  etc. 

Paris,  313/11476. 

Pellagyens,  5O6/18957. 

Peter,  St.,  I4/494,  516/19325,  683/ 

21860. 
Pbarao,  Pharaoo,  Pharaon,  5O/1885, 

90/3582,  298/10907,  390/14444. 
Pbebus,  264/9599,  38O/14042,  639/ 

20199. 
Pbylemoun,  667/21273,  *5tc. 
Pbylystees,  268/9532. 
Poul,  Poule,  St.,  123/4691,  215/7686, 

645/24093. 
Putyffarys  wife,  368/13180. 

Rebecca,  I39/5294. 
Rome,  156/5935. 
Rowland,  2iy/7840. 

Salomon,  Salamoun,  Salomoun,  93/ 
3486,  223/8032,    279/10184,  415/ 

15408,500/18735- 
Sampsoun,  203/9533. 
Samuel,  39I/14495. 
Satban,   Sathanas,   4OO/14828,   424/ 

15766,  433/16105,  513/19239. 
Satourue,  388/12423. 
Saul,  391/14493,  402/14918. 
Sodom,  633/23622. 
Stocyenes,  539/2oi82. 
Syraon  Magus,  48O/17940. 

Tlieopliilus,  435/16195,  446/16613. 
Tiiolomee,  685/20040,  55O/20617. 
Tbomas,  St.,  49/1839-51. 
Tobye,  266/9670. 
Trypbon,  4O6/15078. 

Venus,  55/2079,  91/3428,  226/8134, 

230/8273,  354/13060,  etc. 
Virgy  16,500/18736. 

Ypocras,  667/21268,  668/21288. 
Ysaak,  188/5274,  I39/5288,  5292. 

Zncbarie,  533/19967  {A  B  0). 
Zebedee,  76/2822. 


-1o^' 


Richard  Clay  &  Sons,  Limitep, 

urbao  street  hill,  e.g.,  and 

bdnoay,  suffolk. 


/i- 


kJ  *.♦< 


BINDING  SECT.  OCT  1 8 196? 


PR  Early  English  Text 

1119  Society 
E5  c Publications 3 

no. 77  Extra  series. 


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