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^riijliffj Ckjjti^ Wx%
'• A Fable of a wrygHt that was maryde to a pore
wydows dowt/e / the whiche wydow havyng
noo good to geve whli her / gave as for
a precyous Johett' to hy??^ a Rose
garlond / the whyche sche afFermyd
wold neve;- fade while sche
kept truly her wedlok,"
5 gtcrrn f ale, b^ gbam jof C0!)sant,
From a MS. in ilie Ijihi-ary of the Archbishop of Canicrhury,
at LamJ>eth, about 1462 A.D.
COl'lED AND EDITED BY
FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL.
[.$tconi> ^bitioit, rtbtscb, 1869.]
LONDON :
PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY.
BY N. TRUBXEE & CO., GO, PATERNOSTER ROW.
MDCCCLXV.
12.
JOHN CllILDS AND SOil, PRINTERS.
PREFACE.
Good wine needs no bush, and tliis tale needs no Preface.
I shall not tell the story of it — ^let readers go to the verse
itself for that ; nor shall I repeat to those who begin it the
exhortation of the englisher of Sir Generides,
" for goddes sake, or ye hens wende,
Here this tale unto the ende."— (U. 3769-70.)
If any one having taken it up is absurd enough to lay it
down without finishing it, let him lose the fun, and let all
true men pity him. Though the state of morals disclosed by
the story is not altogether satisfactory, yet it is a decided
improvement on that existing in Roberd of Brunne's time in
1303, for he had to complain of the lords of his day :
Also do Jjese lordjmges,
)5e[y] trespas moche yn twey f»}Tiges ;
)?ey rauys a maydon a^cns here wyl,
And mennys wyuys })ey lede awey fertyl.
A grete vylanyc parte lie dons
3yf ho make therof hys rouse [Loste] :
])Q dede ys confusyun,
And more ys ])e dyfrainaryun.
VI PREFACE.
The volume containing the poem was shown to me by Mr
Stubbs, the Librarian at Lambeth, in order that I might see
the version of Sir GyngelaynOj son of Sir Gawain, which Mr
]\Iorris is some day, I trust, to edit for the Society in one of
his Gawain volumes.^ Finding the present poem also on the
paper leaves, I copied it out the same afternoon, and here it
is for a half-hour's amusement to any reader who chooses to
take it up.
The handwriting of the MS. must be of a date soon after
14G0, and this agrees well with the allusion to Edward the
Fourth's accession, and the triumph of the White Rose o'er the
lied alluded to in the last lines of the poem. The Garlond,
It was made . . .
Of flourys most of honoure,
• Of roses wliyte J?at wylt iiott fade,
AVIiycli floure all yiiglond doth glade. . .
Yn-to the whych floure I-wys
The loue of God and of the comonys
Subdued bene of ryght.
For, that the Commons of England were glad of their
Yorkist king, and loved Duke Richard's son, let Holinshed's
record prove. He testifies :
" Wherevpon it was againe demanded of the commons, if they
would admit and take the said erle as their prince and souereigne
lord ; which all with one voice cried : Yea, yea. .
" Out of the ded stocke sprang a branch more mightie than the
stem ; this Edward the Fourth, a prince so highlie fauomed of the
peple, for his great liberahtie, clemencie, vpright dealing, and courage,
that aboue all other, he with them stood in grace alone : by reason
Avhereof, men of all ages and degrees to him duilie repaired, some
olTuring themselues and their men to ioepard their Hues with him,
an<l other i)lentiouslie gaue monie to support his charges, and to
mainteinc his right."
' The since printing of the Romance in the Percy Folio MS. Ballads and
Ivoniance.*, (Li/hiiis Disconiiis, ii. 401.) will prohablv render this unnecessary.
(18G0.)
PREFACE. VU
Would that we knew as mucli of Adam of Cobsam as of
our Wliite-Eose king. He must liave been one of the Cliaucer
breed/ but more than this poem tells of him I cannot learn.
3, St George's Square, N.W.,
23 November, 1865.
p,S, — There are other Poems about Edward IV. in the volume,
which will be printed separately.^ One on Women is given at the
end of the present text.
PP.S. 18G9. — Mr C. H. Pearson, the historian of the
Early and Middle Ages of England, has supplied me with the
immediate original of this story. He says :
"The "Wright's Chaste Wife is a reproduction of one of the
Gesta Romanorum, cap. 69, de Castitate, ed. Keller. The Latin
story begins ' Gallus regnavit prudens valde.' The Carpenter gets a
shirt with his wife, which is never to want washing unless one of
them is imfaithfid. The lovers are three Knights [rnUites), and they
are merely kept on bread and water, not made to work ; nor is any
wife introduced to see her lord's discomfiture. The English version,
therefore, is much quainter and fuller of incident than its original.
But the 'morahty' of the Latin story is rich beyond description,
' The wife is holy INIother Church,' ' the Carpenter is the good
Christian,' ' the shirt is our Faith, because, as the apostle says, it is
impossible to please God without faith.' The Wright's work typifies
' the building up the pure heart by the Avorks of mercy.' The three
Knights are ' the pride of life, the lust of the eyes, and the lust of
the flesh.' ' These you must shut up in the chamber of penance till
you get an eternal reward from the eternal King.' ' Let us therefore
pray God,' &c."
With the Wright's Chaste Wife may also be compared
the stories mentioned in the Notes, p. 20^ and the Ballad
" The Fryer well fitted ; or
' Chaucer brings oif his Caqienter, though, triumphant, and not with the
swived wife and broken arm that he gives his befooled Oxford craftsman
in The Mllleres Tale. (18G9.)
- In Political, lieli'jious, and Love Poems, E. E. Text Soc, 1867.
Vlll PREFACE.
A Pretty jest that once bcfcl,
How a maid put a Fryer to cool in the well "
printed "in the Bagford Collection; in the Roxburghc (ii.
172); the Pcpys (iii. Ii5) ; the Douce (p. 85); and in Wit
and Mirth, an Antidote to MelancJioh/, 8vo. 1682; also, in an
altered form, in Pills to purge Melancholy, 1707, i. 340; ox*
1719, iii. 325 " ; and the tune of which, with an abstract of the
story, is given in ChappelFs Fojpular Music, i. 273-5. The Friar
makes love to the Maid; she refuses him for fear of hell-fire.
Tush, quoth the Friar, thou needst not doubt ;
If thou wert in Hell, I could sing thee out.
So she consents if he '11 bring her an angel of money. He
goes home to fetch it, and she covers the well over with a
cloth. When he comes back, and has given her the money,
she pretends that her father is coming, tells the Friar to run
behind the cloth, and down he flops into the well. She won't
help him at first, because if he could sing her out of hell, he
can clearly sing himself out of the well : but at last she doe3
help him out, keeps his money because he 's dirtied the water,
and sends him home dripping along the street like a new-
washed sheep.
THE WRIGHT'S CHASTE WIFE.
[MS. Lamleth 306, leaves 178-187.]
Attmyghty god, maker of alle,
Saue you Biy soucreyns in towre Sc lialle,
3 And send you good grace !
If ye wylt a stonnde blynne.
Of a story I wytt l»eg}Tine,
6 And telle you alt the cas,
Meny farleyes fat I haue herde,
Ye "would liaue wondjT how yt ferde ;
9 Lystyn, and ye schalt here ;
Of a wryglit I wylt you telle.
That some t}Tne in tliys land gan dwelle,
12 And lyued by hys myster.
Whether that he were jti or o^vte,
Of erthely man hadde he no dowte,
15 To "werke hows, harowe, nor plowgh,
Or other -werkes, what so they were,
Thous %vrought he hern farre and nere,
1 8 And dyd tham welc I-nough.
Thys %VTyght would wedde no vr^ia,
Butt yn yougeth to lede hys lyfe
21 In myrthe and ofjer melody ;
Ouer alt where he gan wende,
Alt they seyd " welcome, frende,
24 Sytt downc, and do gla[d]ly."
My sovei'eigns.
I will tell you a
tiile
of a wriglit
of tliis land.
who, at work, was
afraid of no
e:i! tlily man.
At first lie would
wed no wife,
[!e.if ITS, back]
for wherever he
went he was
welcome ;
THE WRIGHT FALLS IN LOVE, AND TROrOSES.
but at last lie
wished
to have a spouse
to look after his
goods.
A widow near had
a fiiir (laughter
tnio and
meek.
Her the wrlglit
would like to lie
by liiin.
and therelore
went to her
mother
and proposed for
the maiden.
The mother says
bIic can only
f,'ivc him as a
portion
a garland
of roses
that will keep its
colour
[Ie.ari79j
while his wife is
true,
Tyft on a tyme he was wyllyng,
As tyme comyth of alle thyng,
27 (So seyth the profesye,)
A wyfe for to wedde & haue
That myght hys goodes kepe and sane,
30 And for to lene alt foly.
Ther dwellyd a wydowe in fat centre
Tliat hadde a doughter feyre & fre ;
33 Of her, word sprang Avyde,
For sche was bothe stabyli" & trewe,
Meke of manors, and feyi'' of hewe ;
36 So seyd men in that tyde.
The wryght seyde, " so god me sane,
Such a \Yyi(i woidd I haue
39 To lye nj'ghtly by my syde."
He fought to speke wyth fat may,
And rose erly on a daj^e
42 And fyder gan he to ryde.
The "WTyght was Avelcome to fe wyfe,
And her sahxyd aft so blyve,
45 And so ho dyd lier doughter fre :
For the erand that he for caifl
Tho he spake, fat good yemaii) ;
48 Tlian to hyin seyd sche :
Tlie wydowe seyd, " by heucn kjmg,
I may gcue Avyth her no f ing,
5 1 (And fat forthynketh me ;)
Sane a garlond I Avj'it tlie geue,
Ye schatt neuer see, wliyle ye lyve,
54 None such in thys contre :
Ilauo liere thys garlond of roses rj'^clie,
In att thys lond ys none yt lyche,
57 For ytt wylt euer be newe,
Wete fou wele w/t//o\vtyn fiible,
Aft the wliyle thy wyfe ys stable
GO The chaulett woUc hold hewe ;
HE RECEIVES A ROSE GART.ANTD WITH niS WIFE.
And yf tliy wyfe vse putiy,
Or tolle eny man to lye her by,
63 Than wolle yt change heAve,
And by the gaiiond ]?ou may see,
Fekylt or fals yf ]jat sche be,
66 Or ellys yf sche be trewe."
Of thys chaplett hjm was futt fayne,
And of hys wyfe, was nott to layne ;
69 He weddyd her fult sone,
And ladde her home wyth solempnite,
And hyld her brydalt dayes tlu-e.
72 "WTian they home come,
Thys "wryght in hys hart cast,
If that he walkyd est or west
75 As he was wonte to done,
" My "wj'fe J)at ys so bryght of ble,
Men "Wolle desyre her^ fro me,
78 And jjat hastly and sone ; "
Butt sone he hym byjjouglit
That a chambyr schuld be ANTOught
81 Bothe of lyme and stone,
Wyth -wallys strong as eny stele,
And dorres sotylly made and wele,
84 He owte framyd yt sone ;
The chambyr he lett make fast,
"Wyth plaste/' of parys pat wytt last,
87 Such ous know I neuer none ;
Ther ys [ne] kyng ne emperoure.
And he were lockyn in Jiat towre,
90 That cowde gete ovda of |)at worme.
Nowe hath he done as he fought,
And in the myddes of the flore A\Tought
93 A wondyr strange gyle,
A trapdoure rounde abowte
That no man myght come yn nor owte ;
96 It was made wyth a wyle.
but change when
she is fuitbless.
The wrife'ht is
delighted with his
garland and wife,
marries her
and takes lier
home;
and then begins
to think that
when he is out at
work
men will try to
corrupt his wife.
So he plans a
crafty room and
tower,
and builds it soon
with pl;ist«r of
Paris,
which no one
could ever get out
of if he once got
into it.
for there was a
trapdoor in the
midiUe,
[leaf 179, back]
4 THE WRIGHT GOES TO WORK, AND LEAVES IIIS WIFE AT nOME.
anil if any one
only touclicd it,
down he'd go into
a pit.
Tliis was to stop
any tricks with
lii3 wife.
99
102
That wlio-so toncliyd yt eny tliyng,
In to ]?e pytt lie scliukl flyng
Wythyn a lytytt wliyle.
For hys wyfe he made that place,
That no man schuld heseke hor of grace,
oSTor her to begyle.
Just then tlie
town Lord
sends for him to
build a Hall,
(a job for two or
three months,)
and offers to
fetch his wife too.
He sees tho
Wright's parland,
and asks what it
means.
" Sir, it will
tell me whether
niy wife is false
or true;
[" MS. of]
and will change
its colour if she
" I'll trj- that."
thinks the Lord,
and gnc to the
wriabt's wife.
By fat tymc po lord of the towne
Hadde ordeynytl tymbyr vedy bowiie,
105 An halle to make of tre.
After the wryght the lord lett scnde,
For fat he schuld wyth h}an lende
108 Monythys two or thre.
The lord seyd, " woult fon haue fi Avyfe 1
I wyft send after her blyve
111 That scho may com to the."
The wryght hys garlond hadde take yvyih hyii7,
That was bryght and no fing dymme,
114 Yt wes feyre on to see.
The lord axyd hym as he satt,
" Felowe, where hadyst foil fis hatte
117 That ys so feyre and new' c 1 "
The wryght answerd att so blyue,
And seyd, " syr, I hadde yt wyth my wyfe,
120 And fat dare me neuei'' rewe ;
Syr, by my garlond I may see
Fekytt or fals yf fat sche be,
123 Or^ yf fat sche be trewe ;
And yf my wyfe loue a prtramoure,
Than wytl" my garlond vade coloure,
12G And change wyft yt the hewc."
The lord fought " by godys myght,
Tliat wyft I wete thys same nj^ght
1 29 AVhether thys tale be trewe."
To the wryghtys howse anon he Avcnt,
He fonde the w^'fe thcr-in pj'esente
THE LORD BRIBES THE WRIGHT S WIFE TO LIE WITH HIM.
132 That was so bryglut and scliene ;
Soue lie liayled lier trewly,
And so dyd sclie the lord ciirtesly :
135 Sche seyd, " welcome ye be ; "
Thus seyd the Avyfe of the hows,
" Syr, howe faryth my swete spouse
138 That hewyth vppon youi'' tre 1 "
" Sertes, dame," he seyd, " w^ele,
And I am come, so haue I liele,
141 To Avete the wylle of the ;
My lone ys so vppon the cast
That me thynketh my hert wolle brest,
144 It wolle none otherwyse be ;
Good dame, graunt me thy grace
To pley with the ixi some preuy place
147 For gold and eke for fee."
" Good syr, lett be youre fare.
And of such wordes speke no mare
150 For hys loue jjat dyed on tre ;
Hadde we onys begonne |)at gle,
]\Iy husbond by his garlond myght see ;
153 For sorowe he would wexe woode."
" Certes, dame," he seyd, " naye ;
Loue me, I pray you, in Jjat ye maye :
15G For godys loue change thy mode.
Forty marke schalt be youre mede
Of syluer and of gold[6'J rede,
159 And that schaft do the good."
" Syr, that deede schatt be done ;
Take me that mony here anone."
1G2 "I swere by the holy rode
I thought Avheu I cam hyddei-"
For to bryng^ yt alt to-gyddei^, [' or hyns. ?Ms.i
165 As I mott broke my heele."
Ther sche toke xl markc
Of syluer and gold styff and stcrke :
[leaf ISO]
Slie asks after her
husband,
but the Lord
declares his own
love for her,
and prays her to
grant him his
will.
She entreats him
to let that be,
but lie jM'esses
her.
and offers iicr
40 marks.
On this she con-
sents if he'll put
down the money.
The 40 marks slii
takes.
THE LORD IS DROPPED THROUGII A TRAPDOOR,
and teUs him to
go
[leaf 180, back)
into the secret
chamber.
Upstairs he g'oes,
stumbles,
and pops down 40
feet tliroutfli the
wriglit's trapdoor.
He prays the
Rood danic- to
have pity on him.
" Nay," says slie,
"not till my hus-
band sees you."
Tlie Lord tries to
get out, but can't.
and then
threatens the
wife.
but she doesn't
care for that.
and poos aw.iy to
her work.
1G8 Sclie toke yt feyre and welle ;
Sclie seyd, " in to the chambyr wyft wc,
Ther no man schatt vs see ;
171 No lenger wyft Ave spare."
Vp the steycr they gan^ hye :
The stepes were made so queyntly
174 That farther myght he nott fare.
The lord stumbyllyd as he Avent in liast,
He felt doune in to fat chaste
177 Forty fote and somedele more.
The lord began to crye ;
The Avyfe seyd to hym in hye,
ISO " Syr, Avhat do ye there 1 "
" Dame, I can nott seye hoAve
That I am come liydder noAve
183 To thys hoAvs fiat ys so ncAve;
I am so dope in thys sure flore
That I ne can come OAA'te att no dore ;
186 Good dame, on me Jjou rcAve ! "
" Nay," sche seyd, " so mut y the,
Tytt myno husbond come and se,
189 I sclireA\^e hym |3at yt fought."
The lord arose and lokyd aboAvte
If lie myght eny Avhere gete owte,
192 Butt yt holpe hyifl ryght noght,
Tlio Avallys Avcre so thycke wi/tJijii),
That he no Avlicre myght OAvte Avynnc
195 But helpe to hyiii' Avere brought ;
And cuer the lord made euytt chere,
And seyd, " dkme, fou schalt by thys dere."
198 Sche seyd that sche ne rought ;
Sche seyd " I recke nere
"Wliylc I am here and fou art there,
201 I schroAA'o liorro fat fc doth drede."
The lord Ava.s sone oAvtc of her fought,
The Avyfe Avcnt in to her lofte,
AND HAS TO BEAT FLAX TO KARX HIS DINNER.
204 Sche satte and dyd her dede.
Than yt fett on pat o]>ct daye,
Of mete and drynke he gan her pray,
207 There of he hadde gret nede.
He seyd, " dame, for seynt charyte,
Wyth some mete |)0U comfort me."
210 Sche seyd, "nay, so god me spede,
For I swere by swete seynt lolin^?,
Mete ne drynke ne getyst fou none
213 Butt J)OU wylt swete or swynke ;
For I haue both hempe and lyne,
And a betyngstocke fuH: fyne,
216 And a swyngyft good and grete ;
If ])ou wylt worke, tell me sone."
" Dame, brjiig yt fortlie, yt scliatt be done,
219 Futt gladly would I ete."
Sche toke the stocke in her honde,
And in to the pytt sche yt sclang
222 "VVyth a grete hete :
Sche brought the lyne and hempc on her backe,
" S}T lord," sche seyd, " haue pou pat,
225 And lerne for to sAvete."
Ther sche tokc hym a bonde
For to occupy hys honde,
228 And bade hym fast on to bete.
He leyd yt downe on the • stone, r' ? ms. this.]
And leyd on strockes weft good wone,
231 And sparyd nott on to leyne.
Whan pat he hadde wrought a thrauc,
Mete and drynke he gan to craue,
234 And would haue hadde yt fayne ;
" That* I hadde somewhat for to ete
J^ow after my gret swete ;
237 Me thynkcth yfc were ryght,
For I haue labouryd nyght and daye
The for to plese, dame, I saye,
240 And therto putt my myght."
Next day tlie
Lord begs for
food.
[leaf 181 )
" You'll get none
from me
unless you sweat
for it," says she;
" spin me some
flax."
He says he will :
slie throws him
the tools,
the flax and hemp,
and says, " Work
away."
He does,
lays on well,
and then asks for
his food,
for he's toileil
night and day.
THE STEWARD RESOLVES TO TE3IPT TUE WIIIGIIT S WIFE.
gives him
meat and drink
[leaf 181, back]
and more flax,
and keeps him up
to liis work.
The wyfe seyd " so mutt I haue liele,
And yf J)i worke be A\T:ouglit wele
2-43 Thou schalt haue to dyne."
Mete and drynke sche In-m bare,
Wyth a thrafe of flex mare
246 Of fult long boundyn lyne.
So feyre the wyfe the lord gan praye
That he schuld be "werkyng aye,
249 And nought fat he schuld blynne ;
The lord was fayne to werke tho,
Butt hys men knewe nott of hys woo
252 Nor of per lordes pjoie.
Tlie Steward asks
the wrifilit alter
Iiis Lord,
HiCM notices the
garland.
and asks wlio
Rave it him.
"Sir, it will tell
me whether my
wife goes bad."
" I'll prove that
this very night,"
tays the steward,
gets plenty of
money, and
gi>cs ulf
258
261
264
270
273
The stuard to J3e wryght gan saye,
" Sawe fou owte of my lord to-day e,
^^^letller that he ys wende? "
The wryght answerde and sejal "naye ;
I sawe hym nott syth yesterdaye ;
I trowc jjat he be schent."
The stuard stode pa wryght by.
And of hys garlond hadde ferly
Wliat fat yt be-mente.
The stuard seyd, " so god me saue.
Of thy garlond wondyr I haue,
And who yt hath the sent,"
" Syr," he seyd, " be the same hattc
I can knowe yf my wyfe be badde
To me by cny otlier man) ;
If my iloures oufer fade or faUe,
Then dotli my wyfe me wrong wytli-alk',
As many a woman can)."
The stuard fought " by godes myght.
That schatt I preue thys same nyght
"Whether fou blys or banne,"
And in to hys chambjT he gan gone,
And toke tresure futt good wone,
AND THINKS HE HAS SUCCEEDED SO WELL.
276 And fortli he spedde hem than).
Butt he ne stynt att no stone
Tyft he vn-to Jjc -wiyghtes hows come
279 That ylke same nyght.
He mett the wyfe amydde the gate,
Abowte fe necke he gan her take,
282 And seyd " my dere wyght,
Att the good fat ys mpie
I Avytt the geue to be thyne
285 To lye by the att nyght."
Sche seyd, " syr, lett be thy fare,
My husbond wolle wete Avyth-owtyn) mare
288 And I hym dyd that vnryght ;
I woidd nott he myght yt wete
For att the good that I myght gete,
291 So Ihesus^ mutt me spede
For, and eny man lay me by.
My husbond would yt wcte truly,
294 It ys Avythowtpi eny drede."
The stuard seyd " for hym |)at ys wrought,
There-of, dame, drede the noght
297 Wyth me to do that dede ;
Haue here of. me xx marke
Of gold and syluer styf and starke,
300 Thys tresoure schatt be thy mede."
" Syr, and I graunt j^at to you,
Lett no man wete butt' we two nowe."
303 He seyd, " nay, wythowtyn drede."
The stuard Jjought, ' sykerly
"Women beth both queynte & slye.'
306 The mony he gan her bede ;
He fought wele to haue be spedde,
And of his erand he was onreddc
309 Or he were fro hem' I-gone.
Vp the sterys sche hym Icyde
' MS. mc
2
to the Wright's
house.
takes her rouiiil
the neck,
and offers her all
[leaf 182]
he has, to lie by
her that night.
She refuses.
as her husband
would be sure to
know of it.
The steward
urges her again,
and offers her 20
marks.
She says, " Then
don't tell any
one,"
takes his money.
sends him up the
quaint stairs.
10
THE STEWARD IS SHOT TUKOUGII THE TRAPDOOR,
and lets him
tumble tlirouf^h
the trapdoor.
" What the devil
are you ? " says
the Lord.
[leaf 182, back]
The steward finds
he ean't get out ;
and wonders why
his Lord is there.
" We both came
on one errand,
man."
The wife asks
what they're
doinir;
the Lord s.iys,
" Your flax is
done, and I want
my tlinner."
Tlio steward says
if he ever t;ets out
he'll crack
her skull.
}$ut the wife
chalTs him,
says he'll soon bo
glad to cat
his words,
Tyit lie saw the wrj^ghtes bedde :
312 Of tresourc ))ouglit he none ;
He went and stumLlyd att a stone ;
In to ]?e sellei'' he fylle sone,
315 Downe to the hare flore.
The lord seyd " what deny It art jjou ?
And jjou h;idcst falle on me nowe,
318 Tliowe liadest hurt me futt sore."
The stuard stert and staryd ahowte
If he niyght ower gete owte
321 Att liole lesse or mare.
The lord seyd, " welcome, and sytt he tyme,
For J)ou schalt helpe to dyght thys lyno
324 For att thy fers[e] fare."
The stuard lokyd on the Icnj'ght,
He seyd, " syr, for godcs myght,
327 My lord, what do you here ] "
He seyd " felowe, wj^th-owt^Ti oth,
For 0 erand we come hotlie,
330 The sothe woUe I nott lete."
Tlio cam the wyfe them vn-to,
And seyd, "sjtcs, what do you to,
333 Wytt ye nott lerne to swete 1 "
Tlmn seyd J)e lord lier vn-to,
' Dume, youi'' lyne ys I-doo,
33G Nowe would I fa^'ne ete :
And I haue made yt att I-lyke,
Futt clere, and no ping thycke,
339 Me thynketh yt gret pajTie."
The stuard seyd " wyth-OAvtyn dowte,
And euer I may wynne owte,
342 I wytt breke her hrayne."
" Felowe, lett he, and sey nott so,
For J30u schalt worke or euer fou goo,
345 Thy wordcs J)ou torne agayne,
Fayno jjou schalt he so to doo,
And tliy good wylh^ put j^crto ;.
BUT IS PROUD, AND WILL NOT WOUIv FOR HIS DINNER. 11
348 As a man buxome and bayne
Thowe schalt nibbe, rele, and spynne, and unless he
rubs and reeU,
And fiou Avolt eny mete Wynne, he'ii get no meat.
351 That I gene to god a gyfte."
The stiiard seyd, " then haue I wondjT ; " rii <iie for
Ti iTTT(>i hiin<;er first,
Kather would I dy for hungyr uniumseied,"
354 Wyth-o^vte hosytt or shryfte."
The lord seyd, " so haue I hele,
Thowe wylt worke, yf ]jou hungyr welle, [leaf i8.<j]
357 What worke Jjat the be brought."
The lord satt and dyd hys werke, xiie Lord
The stuard drewe in to the derke,
3G0 Gret soroAve was in hys ]30ught.
The lord seyd, " dame, here ys youre l}Tie,
Haue yt in godes blessyng and niyne,
3G3 I hold yt welle I-wrought."
Mete and drynke sche gaue hyni yn), and gets his
" The vstuard," sche seyd, " Wdlle he iiott spynnt',
366 Wytt he do ryght noght ? "
The lord seyd, " by swete sen lone,
Of thys mete schatt he haue none None of it win iie
3G9 That ye haue me hydder brought." steward,"^
The lord ete and dranke fast, but eats it aii up,
The stuard hungeryd att f»e last,
372 For he gaue hym nought. . .
The stuard satt att in a stody,
Hys lord hadde forgote curtesy :
375 Tho' seyd pe stuard, "geue me some." ["ms. ta,,]
The lord seyd, " sorowe haue ])e morsett or sopc
That schatt come in thy throte ! and won't Rive ^
orrn -\T 1 Iiini unc crunil) ;
378 jNott so much as o crome !
Butt })0U W3dt helpc to dyght f>is lyne, let liim work and
Much hungyr yt schatt be thyno iihnseTf!"*^ "
381 Though jjou make much mone."
Vp he rose, and went therto, The steward
" Better ys me fius to doo
384 Whyle yt must nedys be do."
12
THE STEWARD IS ODL.IGED TO AVORK AFTER ALL.
asks t'(ir work ;
the wife throws
it him.
[leaf 1S3, back:i
and steward and
Lord are botli
spinning away
to earn their
dinner,
while the Lord's
people cannot
make out whathas
become of him.
The .stuard began fast to knocke,
The wj'fe jjrew hyin a swyngelyiig stocke,
387 H^^s lucte ferwj'tli to wyn);
Sche brouglit a swyngytt att J)e la.st,
" Good syres," sche seyd, " SAvyiigylle on fast ;
390 For no J)ing that ye blynne."
Sche gaue hym' a stocke to sytt vppon),
And seyd "sjtcs, )?is Averke must nedys be done,
393 AH- that that ys here yn)."
The stuard toke vp a stycke to saye,
" Sey, seye, SAVj'ngylt better yf ye may,
39 G Ilytt wylt be the better to spynne."
"Were fe lord neue?' so gret,
Yet was he fayne to werke for hys mete
399 Though he were neu^r so sadde ;
Butt jje stuard fat was so stoAvde,
Was fayne to s"wyngelle fe scales OAvte,
402 Ther-of he Avas nott gLad.
The lordj^s mcA-ne Jiat AA-ere att home
Wyst nott Avhere he Avas bj-come,
405 They Avere fuft sore adrad.
Then the Proctor
sees the wright
and asks where
he got liis gar-
land from.
'AA'ith my wife;
and while she is
true it will
never fade.
tint if she's false
it will."
Tlie proctoure of pe parysche chyrche ryght
Came and lokyd on J)e Avryght,
408 lie lokyd as he AA-are niadde ;
Fast \ie proctoure gan hym fraync,
"Where hadest fou fis garlond gayne?
411 It ys ewer lyke ncAve."
The AA'ryght gan say '' feloAve,
"NVyth my AA'yfe, yf fou AA'ylt knoAvc ;
414 That dare me nott reAA'e ;
For alt the Avliyle my Avyfe trcAV ys,
INIy garlond Avolle liold hewe I-Avys,
417 Ami neue/' falle nor fade ;
And yf my wyfe take a pr//-anioure,
Than aa'oIIc my garlond vade po floure,
420 That dare I lev mvne hede."
THE PROCTOR TEMPTS THE WIFE, AND IS TRAPDOORED.
13
The i^roctoiire Jjougbt, " in good faye
That schatt I wete thys same daye
423 Whether yt may so be."
To the wryghtes hows he went,
He grete fe wj^e wyth feyre entente,
426 Sche seyd "sjv, welcome be ye."
" A ! dame, my loue ys on you fast
Syth the tyme I sawe you last ;
429 I pray you yt may so be
That ye would graunt me of youi'' grace
To play wyth you in some prmy place,
432 Or eUys to deth mutt me."
Fast jje proctoure gan to pray.
And eue?' to hyrfi sche seyd " naye,
435 That wolle I nott doo.
Hadest Jjou done |)at dede w//tA me,
My spouse by hys garlond myght see,
438 That schuld torne me to woo."
The jDroctoure seyd, " by heuen kyng,
If he sey to the any ])ing
441 He schatt haue sorowe vn-so\rte ;
Twenty marke I wolle Jje geue,
It wolle J:e helpe welle to lyue,
444 The mony here haue I brought."
Xowe hath sche the tresure tane,
And vp J)e steyre be they gane,
447 ("WTiat helpyth yt to lye ?)
The ^\^fe went the steyre bc-syde.
The proctoure went a lytytt to wyde
450 He felt downe by and by.
Whan he in to pe seller felle.
He wente to haue sonke in to belle,
453 He was in hart fult sory.
The stuard lokyd on the knyght,
And seyd "proctoure, for godes myght,
456 Come and sytt vs by."
The proctoure liogan to stare,
The proctor
thinks he'll
test tliis.
goes to the
Wright's wife
and declares his
love for her ;
lie must have her
or die.
[leaf lyi]
She says nay,
as her husband
will know of it
by his garland.
The proctor
offers her 20
marks.
These she takes ;
they go upstairs.
and the proctor
tumbles into the
cellar.
and thinks he is
going to bell.
The steward
asks him to
sit down;
11 THE PROCTOR CAN't MAKE OUT WHERE HE HAS GOT TO.
lie doesn't know
where he is,
but asks wliat
the Loril and
steward are
after there,
working tlie
wife's flax;
(leaf 184, back]
he, the proctor,
will never do
the like,
it's not his trade.
The steward says,
"We're as wood
as you, and yet
have to work for
our food."
The liOrd says,
" And you'll have
to work ere
you go."
They eat and
drink, and K've
the proctor
nothing,
to his Krcat
disgust,
459
4G2
465
468
471
474
47
480
483
486
489
492
For lie was he Avyst ncuer wliave,
Butt wele lie knewe Jjb knyglit
And the stuard fat swyngclyd pe lyiie.
He seyd " syres, for godes pyne,
"Wliat do ye here thys nyglit 1 "
The stuard seyd, " god gene the care,
Thowe camyst to loke howe we fare, •
Nowe helpe Jjis lyne were dyght."
He stode stytt in a gret ))Ought,
What to answer he wyst noght :
" By mary futt of myght,"
The proctoure seyd, " what do ye in Jjis yne
For to bete thys wyfces lyne 1
For Ihe6'2<s loue, ffutt of myght,"
The proctoure seyd ryght as he Jjouglit,
" For me yt schatt be euyft WTougTit
And I may see aryght.
For I lernyd ncuer in lont^
For to haue a swyngelt in bond
By day nor be nyght."
The stuard seyd, " as good as jjou
^Ve hold vs tliat be bere nowe,
i\jad lett preue yt be sygbt ;
Yet must vs worke for owre mete.
Or ellys scbalt we none gete,
]\Ietc nor drynke to owre honde."
The lord seyd, " why flyte ye two?
I trowe ye wytt wcrke or je goo,
Yf yt be as I vndyrstond."
Abowte he goys twyes or tliryes ;
They etc & drunke in such Avyse
That Jjcy gcue hjnu ryght noght.
The proctoure seyd, " thynke ye no scliamc,
Yheuo me some meto, (ye be to blame,)
Of that the wyfe ye brought."
I'lie stuard soyil " euytt spede the soppo
If eny morcofi' come in thy throte
HE UAS TO WIND AXD SPIN FOR HIS DINNER.
15
495 Butt fou w'ljth vs haclest wrouglit."
The proctoiire stode in a stody
"Whether he rayght worke hem hy ;
498 And so to tome hys fought,
To the lord he drewe nere,
And to hym seyd ^yth myld[e] chere,
501 " That mary mott the spede ! "
The proctoure began to knocke,
The good "wj'fe rawte hjon a rocke,
504 For therto liadde sche nede ;
Sche seyd " whan I was mayde att home,
Other werke cowde I do none
507 :My Ij-fe ther-wytli to lede."
Sche gaue hym in hande a rocke hynde,
And bade hem fast for to wynde
510 Or ellys to lett be hys dede.
"Yes, dame," he seyd, " so haue I hele,
I schatt jt worke both fejn^e & w.-lle
513 As ye haue taute me."
He wauyd vp a strycke of lyne,
And he span wele and fyne
516 By-fore the swyngett tre.
The lord seyd " ])ou spynnest to grete,
Therfor J)ou schalt haue no mete,
519 That fou schalt wett see."
Thus ]:ey satt and "wrought fast
Tytt fe wekedayes were past ;
522 Then the wryght, home came he,
And as he cam by hys hows syde
He herd^ noyse that was nott ryde
525 Of pe/'sons two or thre ;
One of hem knockyd lyne,
A-nothyr swyngelyd good and fyne
528 By-fore the swyngytt tre,
The thyrde did rele and spynne,
Mete and drynke ther-wyth to wynne,
531 Gret nede ther-of liadde he.
he too knocks for
work,
gets a distaff and
some winding to
do,
Deaf 185]
and spins
away well.
TIius they all
sit and work till
tlie wriglit
comes home.
As he approaches
lie hears a noise,
[ 1 ? MS. hard]
IG THE WRIGHT COMES HOME AND FINDS THE THREE CULPRITS.
liis wife comes to
met't him,
and he asks what
all thai noise
is about.
" Why, three
workmen have
come to help
us, dear.
Who are they ? "
The Wright
sees his Lord
ill tlie pit,
and asks how
[leaf 185, back)
lie came there.
The Lor.l asks
mercy : he is
very sorry.
" So am I," says
the wrif;ht, " to
see you among
the llax
and hemp,"
and orders his
wile to let the
Lord out.
" No, bother my
snout if I do,"
says the wife,
"before his lady
sees what he
wanted to do
with me."
So slic sends
for the dame to
fetch her
lord home.
534
537
540
543
546
549
552
555
558
561
564
567
Thus f)c wiyght stode herkenyng ;
Ilys wyfe was ware of hys comyng,
And ageynst hym went sche.
" Dame," he seyd, " what ys fis dynne t
I here gret noyse here wythynne ;
Tctt me, so god the spede."
" Syr," sche seyd, " workemen thro
Be come to helpe you and me,
Ther-of we haue gret nede ;
Fapie would I wete what tliey were."
Butt when he sawe hys lord there,
Hys hert bygan to drede :
To see h3^s lord in fat place,
He Jjought yt Avas a strange cas,
And seyd, " so god hym spede,
"What do ye here, my lord and knyght ?
Tett me nowe for godes myght
Howe cam thys vn-to 1 "
The knyght seyd " What ys best rede ?
Mercy I aske for my mysdede,
My hert ys wondyr wo."
" So ys myne, verame?it.
To SB you among thys flex and hempe,
Futt sore yt ruyth me ;
To se you in such hevynes,
Tuft sore myne hert yt doth oppresse,
By god ill triuite."
The wryglit bade hys wyfe lett hyift owte,
" l!^ay, fen sorowe come on my snowte
If they passe hens to-daye
Tylt that my lady come and see
Howe fey would haue done w//t7/ me,
Butt nowe late me sayc."
Anon sche sent after the lady bryght
For to fett homo her lord and knyght,
Therto sche seyd noght ;
Sche told her wliat they luuUle nieiit,
THE LORDS ^'IFE SEES nii[ IX THE CELLAR.
17
And of ther purpos & tlier intente
570 That they would haiie ^vrought.
Glad was fat lady of that tydyng ;
"When sche wyst her lord was lyiiyng,
573 Ther-of sche was futt foyne :
"Whan sche came "sm-to fe steyre abouen),
Sche lokyd vn-to pe seller downe,
576 And seyd, — |jis ys nott to leyne, —
" Good sjTes, Avhat doo you here 1 "
" Dame, we by owre mete futt dere,
579 Wyth gret trauayle and peyne ;
I pray you helpe fat we were owte,
And I wytt swere w?/t7<-owtyn dowte
582 'Newer to come here agayne."
The lady spake the wyfe vn-tylle,
And seyd " dame, ji yt be youre wylle,
585 "What doo thes meyny here] "
The carpentarys wyfe her ansAverd sykerly,
" Alt they would haue leyne me by ;
588 Euejych, in ther manere.
Gold and syluer they me brought,
And forsoke yt, and would yt noght,
591 The ryehe gyftes so clere.
"Wyllyng fey were to do me schame,
I toke ther gyftes wyth-OAvtyn blame,
594 And ther they be aft thre."
The lady answerd her anon),
" I haue thynges to do att home
597 Mo than two or thre ;
I wyst my lord neue?* do ryght noght
Of no f ing fat schuld be Avrought,
GOO Such as fallyth to me."
The lady lawghed and made good game
Whan they came owte att in-same
G03 From the swyngyft tre.
The knyght seyd " felowys in fere,
I am glad fat we be here,
and tells her
what he and his
comp.iiiions cam
the e for.
The lady
looks down into
the cellar,
and sajs, " Good
sirs, what are
you doing ? "
" Earning our
meat full dear :
help us out, and
I'll never come
here again."
The lady asks
the wife why
[leaf 18G]
the men are
there.
The wife s.iy3
they wanted to
lie with her, and
offered her gold
and silver ;
she took their
gifts, and there
they are.
The lady s.iys
she really wants
her lord for
herself.
and laughs
heartily when
the three
culprits come out.
The Lord says.
18
THE WRIGHTS WIFE SETS THE CULPRITS FREE.
" Ah, you'd liave
worked too if
you'll been
witli us,
I ncvei' had such
a turn in my life
before, I can tell
you."
Tlien tlie Lord
and lady go
Iionie,
as Abam of
CoBSAM sciys.
(leaf 18G,'back]
On tlieir
way home
they halt,
and the stewai'd
and proctor
swear they'll
never go back for
five and forty
years.
The lady gives
all their money to
the Wright's wife.
The garland is
fresh as ever.
Thus true are all
good women
now alive 1
GOG By godes dere pyte ;
Dame, and ye hadde bene Av^yth vs,
Ye "would liaue wrought, by sw'ete Ihesus,
G09 As "wclle as dyd we."
And wlien tliey cam vp abouen)
They turnyd aboAvte and lokyd do"wne,
G12 The lord seyd, " so god saue me,
Yet hadde I neu^?' such a fytte
As I haue hadde in Jjat lowe pytte ;
G15 So mary so mutt me spede."
The knyght and thys lady bryght,
Howe they would home that nyght,
G18 For no thyng they Avould aliyde ;
And so they Avent home ;
Thys seyd Adam of Cobsaifl.^
G21 By the Aveye as they rode
Thi'owe a Avode in ther playeng,
For to here the fowlys sjaig
G24 They hovyd styllc and bode.
The stuard SAvare by godes ore,
And so dyd the proctoure much more,
G27 That neuer in titer lyfe
Would they no more come in pc/t Avonne
Whan they Avere onys thens come,
630 Thys forty yere and fyA'e.
Of the trcsure that they brought,
The lady A\-ould gene hem ryght noght,
G33 Butt gaue yt to the Avryghtes Avyfe.
Thus the AAa-yghtes garlond Avas fe>Te of lieAve,
And hys wyfe bothe good and trcAA'e :
G36 Thcre-of Avas he fuft blythe ;
I take Avytncs att gret and smaH,
Thus trcAve bene good AA-omen aH
G39 That noAve bene on lyve,
So come thryste on ther hedys
' The letter between the h and a lias had the lower pari
lunrki'd over. But it lunst mean a long/.
MAY ALL GOOD VTIVES GO TO HEAVEN !
19
"WHian tliey mombyft on ther bcdys
G42 Ther pater iwsfev rpie.
Here ys Avretyn a geste of the A^ryght
That hadde a garlond weft I-dyght,
645 The coloure wyft neiier fade.
Kow god, }jat ys heuyn kyng,
Graunt vs aft hys dere blessyng
G48 Owre hertes for to glade ;
And aft tho that doo her husbondys ryght,
Pray we to Thesn fuft of myght,
651 That feyre mott hem byfalle,
And that they may come to heuen blys,
For thy dere moderys loue ther-of nott to mys,
654 Alle good wyues alk'.
Now alle tho that thys tretys hath hard,
Ihesu graunt hem, for her reward,
657 As trew loners to be
As Avas the wryght vn-to hys wyfe
And sche to hym duryng her \y{n.
6G0 Amen, for charyte.
Here, endyth the wryghtes p?'ocesse trewe
Wyth hys garlond feyre of hewe
663 That neuer dyd fade the coloure.
It was made, by the avyse
Of hys wywes moder wytty and vryse,
666 Of flourys most of honoure.
Of roses Avhyte pat wyft nott fade,
Whych floure aft ynglond doth glade,
669 Wyth trewloues medelyd in syght ;
Vn-to the whych floure I-wys
The loue of god and of tho comcnys
672 Subdued^ bene of ryght.
Explicit.
Here then is
written a tale
of tlie Wriglit and
his Garland.
God srant us all
bis blessing,
and may all true
faithful wives
come to heaven's
bliss.
and be such
true lovers as the
[leaf 187]
Wright and his
wife were.
Amen !
Here ends our
talc of the
Garland
wliicli was made
of White Uoses,
the flowers that
gladden all
England,
and receive the
love of God, and
of the Com-
mons too.
' May be suhdied ; the word has boon corrected.
20
NOTES.
Tlio two first of the tlii'ce operations of flax-dressing described in lines o26 —
529, p. 15, Qj^^ ^j. j^^^j knockyd lyne,
A-nothyr swynj^elyd fjood and fyne
By-tbro the swyni^vtt-trc,
The thyrde did rele and spynne,
must correspond to the preliminary brcakinpf of the plant, and then the scutching or
beating to separate the coarse tow or hards from the tare or fine hemp. Except so
far as the swingle served as a heckle, the further heckling of the flax, to render the
fibre finer and cleaner, was dispensed with, though heckles (iron combs) must have
been in use when the poem was written — inasmuch as hekele, hekelare, hekelgn, and
hekebjnyc, are in tlie Promptorium, ab. 1440 a.d. Under Hatchell, Randle Holme
gives a drawing of a heckle.
The lines through the A's in the MS. are not, I believe, marks of contraction.
There are no insettings of the third lines, or spaces on changes of subject, in the MS.
For reference to two analogous stories to that of the Poem, I am indebted
to ISIr Thomas Wright. The first is that of Constant Dnhamel in the third
volume of Barbazan, and the second that of the Prioress and her three Suitors in
the ]\Iinor Poems of Dan John Lydgate, published by the Percy Society, ed.
Ilalliwcll.
In the Barbazan talc "the wife is violently solicited by three suitors, the
priest, the provost, and the forester, who on her refusal persecute her husband. To
stop their attacks she gives them appointments at her house immediately after one
another, so tliat when one is there and stripped for the bath, another comes, and,
pretending it is her husb-.md, she conceals them one after another in a large tub
full of feathers, out of whicli they can see all that is going on in the room. She
tlien sends successively for tlunr three wives to come and bathe with her. the bath
being still in the same room, and as each is stripped naked in the bath, she in-
troduces her own husband, who dishonours them one after another, one d I'eurerse,
witli rather aggravating circumstances, and all in view of their three husbands.
Finally the latter arc turned out of the house naked, or rather well feathered, then
hunted by the whole town and tlieir dogs, well bitten and beaten."
(If any one wants to see a justification of the former half of the proverb quoted
by Roberd of Bruune, -ri i i i
• ' French e men synne yn lechcrye
And Englys men yn enuyc,
let him read the astounding revelation made of the state of the early French mind
by the tales in the 3rd and 4th vols, of Barbazan's Fabliaux, ed. 1808.)
Tlie second story, told by Lydgate, is as foUows : — A prioress is wooed by "a
young knyght, a parson of a parycbe, and a burges of a boiTow." Slie promises
herself to the first if he will lie for a night in a chapel sewn up in a slieet like a
corpse ; to the second, if he will perform the funeral service over the knight, and
bury him ; to the third, if he will dress up like a devil, and frighten both parson
and knight. This the burges Sir Jolm docs well, but is himself terrified at the
corpse getting up : all three run away from one another : the kniirht falls on a
stake, and into a snare set for bucks, ami breaks his fore top in falling from the
tree ; tlie merchant gets tossed by a bull ; tlie parson breaks his head and jumps
into a bramble bush; and the prioress gets rid of them all, but not before she has
made the " burges " or " marchaunt " pay her twenty marks not to tell his wife and
tlie country generally of his tricks. — Minor rociiis, p. 107 — 117, ed. 1840.
21
GLOSSARY.
And, 89, 292, if.
Eayne, 348, ready.
Bl}Tine, 4, cease, stop ; AS.
blinnan.
Blyue, 44, 110, 118, speedily.
Bonde, 226, a bimd-le ; Du.
hondt, a bavin, a bush of tborues.
Brayne, 342, scull.
Broke 165, enjoy. AS. hrucan,
Germ, brauchen. H. Coleridge.
Bry dalle, 71, AS. hryd-dl, bride
ale, marriage feast.
By, 197, buy.
Chaste, 176, chest, box, pit.
Dowte, 14, fear.
Dyght, 323, 379, prepare, dress.
Fare, 148, 324, going on, Avish,
project.
Fere, 604, company.
Flyte, 484, wrangle, quarrel ;
AS.JIti, strife, wrangling.
Forthynketh, 51, repents, makes
sorry ; hS>.for\>encan, to despair.
Frayne, 409, ask ; AS. fregnan,
Goth, frai/ina /I.
Can, 22, did.
Geue to God a gyfte, 351, I make
a vow, 1 promise you, I'll take my
oath.
Hele, 140, salvation.
Hovyd, 624, halted, stopt.
Hynde, 508? natty; hende, gentle.
I-doo, 335, done, finished.
I-dyght, 644, prepared.
In-same, 602, together.
Layne, 68, hide, conceal.
Lende, 107, stay; IAS. landlan,
to land, or lenf/ian, to prolong.
Leyne, 231, lay, beat.
L}Tie, 214, AS. Tin, flax; ?rope,
246.
Meyne, 403, household.
Myster, 12, trade; Fr. medier.
0, 329, one.
Onredde, 308 ; AS. imrrf, unrof,
uncbeerful, sorrowful, or tt/irdd,
imprudent.
Ojjre, 205, second.
Putr}-, 61, adultery; O.Fv. jyuterie,
whoring.
Eawte, 503, reached, gave.
Rewe, 186, have pity.
Rocke, 503, 508 ; Du. een Rocl-e,
Splnrock, A Distaffe, or a Spin-
rock ; liocken. To Winde Flaxe or
Wool upon a Rock (Hexham).
Dan. rok, O.N. rokkr, G. rocken :
" a distaff held in the hand from
which the thread was spun by
twirling a ball below. 'What,
shall a woman with a rokke drive
thee away ? ' " Digby Mysteries,
p. 11 (Halliwell). " An Instru-
ment us'd in some Parts for the
spinning of Plax and Hemp."
Phillips ; for reeling and spinning
(1. 529).
Rought, 198, AS. rohfe, p. of
recan, to reck, care for.
Ryde, 524, light, small, AS.
geryd, levis, a?quus. Ijyc.
GLOSSARY.
Ey 0, 642, Du. rijf, lilV, or
abuudaut.
Scales, iOl ; 1 husks, kirk, or rind,
see shoves *, in Swi/ngi/lle, below.
Schent, 258, destroyed ; AS.
scendcin.
Stounde, 4, sliort time,
Strycke, 514, " Strilce of Flax, is
as much as is heckled at one
Handful." Phillips.
Swyiirrylle, 216, "Swingle-Staff,
a Stick to heat Flax with," Phil. ;
• AS. swingcle, a whip, lasli. " To
swingle, to beat; a Term among
Plax-drcssors." Phillips. Thoudi
Handle Ildhne, Bk. HI., oh. viii.
■ No. xxxiii., gives the Swiiir/le-Tree
of a Coach-'l'olc (these are made
of wood, and are fastened by Iron
hooks, stables {sic) chains and
pinns to the Coach-pole, to the
whicli Horses are fastened by tlicir
Harnish when there is more then
two to draw the Coach), yet at
Chap, vi., § iv., p. 2S5, col. 1, he
says, " He beareth Sable, a, Swiiiffle
Hand erected. Surmounting of a
Sici>if/le Foot, Or. This is a
Wooden Instrument made like a
Fauchion, with an hole cut in the
top of it, to hold it by : It is used
- for the clearing of Hemp and Flax
from the large broken Stalks or
* Shoves, by "the help of the said
Swingle Foot, which it is hung
upon, which said Stalks being first
broken, bruised, and cut into
shivers by a Brake.
S. 3, such erected in F'esse O. born
by Fla.rloice.
S. 3, such in Pale A., born by
Sidingler."
(A drawing is given by Holme,
No. 4, on the plate opposite p.
285.)
" Swingowing is the beating off the
bruised inward stalk of the Hemp
or Flax, from the outward pill,
which as {sic) the Hemp or Flax,
p. 10(5, col. 2.
Spinning is to twist the Flax hairs
into Yarn or Tlirid. Reeling is to
wind the Yarn of the Wheel Spool
on a Reel," p. 107, Col. 2.
Take, 161, deliver.
The, 187, tlirive.
Tolle, 62, entice (H. H. Gibbs).
Tre, 105, wood, timber.
Trewloves, 669, either figures like
true-lovers' knots, or the imitations
of the herb or flower Truclote,
which is given by Coles as Jlerh
Paris (a quatrefoil whose leaves
bear a sort of likeness to a true-
lovers' knot), and in Halliwcll as
o/ie-hern/ : but I cannot tlnd that
Edward IV. had any such ])lants
on his arms or badge. Knots were
often worn as badges, see Ed-
monston's Heraldry, Appendix,
Knots. On the other liand, Wille-
ment (Regal Heraldry) notices that
the angels attending Kichard II.
in the picture at Wilton, had
collars worked with white roses
and broom-buds ; and trueloves, if
a plant be meant by it, may have
been Edward's substitute for the
broom {plunta genista). The
Trewloves bear, one, Ar. on a chev.
sa., three cinquefoils, or ; the other,
Ar. on a chev. sa., a quatrefoil of
the field.
Yade,i 125^ 419,fado3 Du. vadden
(Hexham).
Wone, 275, store, quantity.
Wonne, 90, 628, dwelling.
AVoode, 153, wild, mad.
Ylieue, 491, give.
Yougeth, 20, youth, bachelor's
freedom.
' Tlie usn of thfi tlat ca.lc (1. 41'.). p. VI) witliin 2 lines of the sliarp /ade
(1 417) corresponds with the Hat ' stowr/e,' 1. 400, p. 12, riming with 'owte,'
1. 401, baddc with luitte, 1. 2ti.5-6. Cost, hrcst, 1. 142-3, are careless rimes too.
23
W 0 M E N.
[Lamhefh MS. 30G, leaf 135.]
Women), womeii), loue of womeii),
make bare purs ^y^th some meii),
Some be nyse as a nonne bene,'
4 3it al tbei be nat soo.
some be lewde,
some all be schrewde ;
Go schrewes wher tliei goo.
8 SuiiJ be nyse, and some be fonde.
And some be tame, y vndirstonde,
And some cane take brede of a manes handc,'-
Yit all tliei be nat soo.
12 [Some be lewde, &c.]
Some cane part with-outcn hire, [leaf 135, back]
And some make bate in eueri chire,
And some cheke mate witli oure Sire,
IG Yit all tliey be nat so.
Some be lewde,
and sume be sclirenedc!,
go wher they goo.
' The Rev. J. R. Lumby first told me of the proverb ' As v.hite as a nun's
hen,' the nuns being famous, no doubt, for delicate poultry. John Heywood
has in his Proverbes, 1562 (first printed, 1546), p. 43 of the Spencer Society's
reprmt, 1867, c-j^^ ^q^,].^ tlienterteinment of the yong men
All in daliauncc, as nice as a Nun's hen.
The proverb is quoted by Wilson in his Arte of Rhetoriqne, 1553 (Hazlitt's
Proverbs, p. C9).
* For Iwnde.
24 WOMEN.
20 Som be hrowno, and some lie whit,
And some be tender as a ttripe,
And some of thejan be chiry ripe,
Yit all thei be not soo.
24 Siinie be lewde,
and some be sclirewedc,
go wlier tliey goo.
Some of tlieifi be treue of love
28 Benetli fe gcrdeH, but nat above,
And in a bode aboue cane chove,
Yit all thei do nat soo.
Some be lewde,
32 and some be schreude,
go wdiere they goo.
Some cane wliister, & some cane crie,
Some cane flater, and some can lye,
36 And some cane sette fe moke awrie,
Yit all thei do nat soo.
Sume be lewde,
and sume be schreuede,
40 go where thei goo.
He that made this songe full good,
Came of fe north and of jjc sothern) blodc,
And some-what kyne to Kobyn) llode,
44 Yit all we be nat soo.
Some be Icw'de,
and some be schrewede,
go w'here they goo.
48 Some be lewde, some be [sjchrwde,
Go Avhere they goo.
Explicit.
P.S. — This Poem was printed by Mr Halliwell in JicliquifC Ant\qi((p. vol. i.,
p. 248, and reprinted by Mr Tlionias "Wright, at p. lOIJ of his edition of SoiiffS
and Carols for the Percj' Society, 1847. As, besides minor differences, the
reprint has viannc, and the original nannc, for what I read as nonne, 1. 3,
Avhile both have )vit/io)rfe for »cJM fl«;r, I. lo, and accripe for a ttripe, 1. 21
(see Halliwell's Dictionary, " accripc, a herb ? '"), I have not cancelled this
impression. The other version of the song, from J[r Wright's MS. in his text,
pp. 89 — 91, differs a good deal from that given above.
JOHN CIIII.US AND SUN, THINTEKS.
25
ADDITIO^^AL ANALOGUES
OP
•THE AVRIGIIT'S CUASTE WIFE.'
By W. a. CLOUSTON.
The numerous versions of tliis old and Avide-spread story should
be divided into two groups : I. Those in wliicli there is a test of
chastity, and the lovers are entrapped ; II. Those in wliich there
is no such test, but the suitors are («) entrapped, or {h) engaged to
perform unpleasant or dangerous tasks.
I. It is probable that some oral version of The Wn\jJd's Cliasfe
Wife suggested to Massinger the plot of his comedy of The Picture
(printed in 1G30) : Mathias, a Bohemian knight, about to go to the
wars, expresses to his confidant Baptista, a great scholar, his fears
lest his wife Sophia, on whom he doated fondly, should jDrove
unfaithful during his absence. Baptista gives him a picture of his
wife, saying :
" Carry it still about you, and as oft
As you desire to know how slie's affected,
With curious eyes peruse it. While it keeps
The fif^ure it has now entire and perfect
She is not only innocent in fact
But unattempted ; but if once it vary
From the true form, and what's now white and red
Incline to yellow, rest most confident
She's with all violence courted, but unconquered ;
But if it turn all black, 'tis an assurance
The fort by composition or surprise
Is forced, or with her free consent surrendered."
On the return of IMathias from the wars, he is loaded with rich gifts
by Honoria, the wife of his master Ferdinand, king of Hungary ; and
when he expresses his desire to return to his fair and virtuous Avife,
Honoria asks him if his wife is as fair as she, upon which he shows
her the picture. The queen resolves to win his love — merely to
gratify her own vanity — and persuades him to renrain a niontli at
court. She then despatches two libertine courtiers to attempt the
virtue of Mathias* wife. They tell her Mathias is given to the
2G "the wniGirr's chaste wife":
society of strumpets — moreover, not young, Lut old and ugly ones ;
so poor Sophia begins to -wfiver. Meanwhile the queen makes
advances to Mathias, Avhich at lirst he rejects; but afterwards, seeing
a change in his wife's picture, he consents, when the queen says she
■will think over it and let him know her decision. Sophia, at first
disposed to entertain her suitors' proposals, on reflection determines
to punish their Avickedness ; and, pretending to listen favourably to
one of them, she causes him to be stripped to his shirt and locked in
a room, where he is compelled to spin llax (like the suitors in our
story), or go without food. The other fares no better, and the play
concludes with the exposure of the libertines to the king and queen,
their attendants, and the lady's husband.
The 69th chapter of the continental Gesta Romanorum (translated
by Swan) is to the following effect : ^ A carpenter receives from his
niother-in-hnv a shirt, having the Avonderful quality of remaining
unsoiled so long as he and his wife were faithful to each other. The
emperor, who had employed him in the erection of a palace, is
astonished to observe his shirt always spotless, and asks him the
cause of it ; to which he replies, that it is a proof of his wife's
unsullied virtue. A soldier, having overheard this, sets off to attempt
the wife's chastity, but she contrives to lock him in a room, where
she keeps him on bread and water. Two other soldiers successively
visit her on the same errand, and share their comrade's fate. "When
the carpenter has finished his job, he returns home and shows the
unsullied shirt to his wife, who in her turn exhibits to him the three
soldiers, whom he sets free on their promising to reform their ways.
The general resemblance of our story to this Gesta version does
not, I think, render it therefore certain, or even probable, that the
latter is the source whence it was derived ; since a test similar to
that of the Garland (for which a shirt is substituted in the Gesta)
occurs both in the Indian original and in an intermediate Persian
form, which is of Indian extraction.
In the celebrated Persian story-book, K'akhshabi's Ti'di Ndrna
(Tales of a Parrot), Avritten about a.d. 1306, the wife of a soldier, on
his leaving home to enter the service of a nobleman, gives him a
nosegay which, she tells him, would remain in full bloom while she
was faithful to him. After some time, the nobleman inquired of the
soldier how he managed to procure a fresh nosegay every day in mid-
winter, and was informed that its perennial bloom betokened his
• Here ^1^011 soiiiowliat more fully than in tho additional postscriiit to the
Preface to the second edition of T/ic ff'riy/U's Chaste Wife, 1869.
ADDITIONAL ANALOGUES. 27
wife's chastity. The nobleman sends one of his cooks to try to form
an intimacy Avith the soldier's wife, but she craftily entraps him. A
second cook is despatched to learn the fate of the first, and meets
with a similar reception. At last the nobleman himself sets off
Avith his attendants — among Avliom Avas the soldier — to A'isit the
chaste Avife. He is recelA'ed by her v/itli great courtesy--, and his two
cooks, dressed as female slaA^es, are made by the Avife to Avait upon
him at supper. The happy soldier then returns his Avifc tlie nosegay,
fresh and blooming as ever.
The oldest form of the story yet known is found in the great
Sanskrit collection entitled KuiJtd Sarit Scojara'^ (Book II., ch. 13) :
A merchant named Guhasena is compelled to leaA'e his Avife, DcA'a-
smita, for a season, on important business matters. The separation
is A^ery painful to botli, and the pain is aggravated b}' fears on the
wife's part of her husband's inconstancy. To make assurance doubly
sure, Siva Avas pleased to appear to them in a dream, and giving them
two red lotuses, the god said to them : " Take each of you one of
these lotuses in your hand ; and if either of you shall be unfaithful
during your separation, the lotus in the hand of the other shall fade,
but not otherwise." The husband set out on his journey, and
arriving in the country of Kataha he began to buy and sell jewels
there. Four young merchants, learning the purport of his lotus and
the virtue of his Avife, set off to put it to the proof. On reaching the
city Avhere the chaste Devasmita resided, they bribe a female ascetic
to corrupt the lady, so she goes to her house, and adopting the device
of the little she-dog — see ch. xxviii. of Swan's Gesta Romanonun," —
which she pretends is her OAvn co-wife in a former birth, re-born in
that degraded form, because she had been over-chaste, and Avarns
Devasmita that such should also be lier fate if she did not " enjoy
herself " during her husband's absence. The Avise Devasmita said to
herself : " This is a novel conception of duty ; no doubt this Avoman
has laid a treacherous snare for me," and so she said to tlie ascetic :
" Eeverend lady, for this long time I have been ignorant of this duty,
60 procure me an intervieAV Avith some agreeable man." Then the
^ 'Ocean of tlie Streams of Story,' written in Sanskrit A'erse, by Somadeva,
towards the end of the 11th century, after a similar work, the Vrihcd Ka'hd,
'Great Story,' by Gunadhya, Cth century, of which no copy has hitherto been
discovered. A complete translation of Somadeva's work, by Professor C. II.
Tawney, with useful notes of A'ariants and derivatives of the tales, has lately
been jiublislu'd, in two vols., lar^je 8vo, at Calcutta.
'^ Taken into the Gcsta, probably from the Disciplina Chricalis of P. Alfonsus.
The incident is also the subject of a fabliau, and occurs in all the Eastern
versions of the Book of JSiiuliOdd.
28 "the weight's chaste wife":
ascetic said : " There are residing here some young merchants, who
have come from a distant country, so I will bring them to you." The
crafty old hag returns home delighted with the success of her
stratagem. In the meantime Devasmita resolves to punish the four
young merchants. So calling her maids, she instructs them to
prepare some wine mixed with datura (a stupefying drug), and to
have a dog's foot of iron made as soon as possible. Then she causes
one of her maids to dress herself to resemble her mistress. The
ascetic introduces one of the young libertines into the lady's house in
the evening, and then returns home. The maid, disguised as her
mistress, receives the young merchant Avith great courtesy, and,
having persuaded him to drink freely of the drugged wine till he
became senseless, the other women strip off his clothes, and, after
branding him on the forehead with the dog's foot, during the night
push him into a filthy ditch. On recovering consciousness he returns
to his companions, and tells them, in order that they should share
his fate, that he had been robbed on his way home. The three other
merchants in turn visit the house of Devasmita, and receive the same
treatment. Soon afterwards the pretended devotee, ignorant of the
result of her device, visits the lady, is drugged, her ears and nose are
cut off, and she is flung into a foul pond. In the sequel, Devasmita,
disguised in man's apparel, proceeds to the country of the young
libertines, Avhere her husband had been residing for some time, and,
going before the king, petitions him to assemble all his subjects,
alleging that there are among the citizens four of her slaves who had
run away. Then she seizes upon the four young merchants, and
claims them as lier slaves. The other merchants indignantly cried
out tliat these were reputable men, and she answered that if their
foreheads were examined they would be found marked with a dog's
foot. On seeing the four young men thus branded, the king was
astonished, and Devasmita thereupon related the whole story, and all
the people burst out laughing, and the king said to the lady : " They
are your slaves by the best of titles." The other mcrcliants paid a
large sum of money to the chaste wife to redeem them from slavery,
and a line to the king's treasury. And Devasmita received the
money, and recovered her husband; was honoured by all men,
returned to her own city, and was never afterwards separated from
lier beloved.
Tests of chastity such as those in the above stories are very
common in our old European romances. In Amadis de Gaul it is a
garland ; in Pcrce Fared it is a rose, which, borne by a wife or a
ADDITIONAL ANALOGUES. 29
mnidon of immaculate virtue, retains its bloom, but withers if the
wearer is unchaste. In Tristram, Perceval, La Morte d' Arthur, ami
Ariosto, the test is a cup, the wine in which is spilled by the
unfaithful lover or wife who attempts to drink from it. In one of
the fahliaux of the northern minstrels of France the test is a
mantle, ' Le Manteau mal taille ' : an English rendering of this,
entitled ' The Boy and the INIantle,' is found in Percy's Reliqiies.
And in Spenser we have the girdle of Florimel.
II. To the first subdivision {a) of the second group of variants,
in which there is no test of chastity, but tlie suitors are entrapped,
belongs the fahliau in Barbazan, torn, iii., of ' Constant du Hamel,
ou la Dame qui atrappa un Pretre, un Prevost, et un Forestier,' an
abstract of which will be found in the original notes to our story ;
also the old ballad of The Friar well-fitted, of which some account
is furnished by Dr Furnivall in an additional Postscript to his
Preface (Second Edition, 1869).^
In an imperfect MS. text of the Bonk of the Thousand and One,
Niffhts, brought from Constantinople by Wortley Montagu, and now in
the Bodleian Library, Oxford, there are two versions : Nights 72G-
728, ' The Lady of Cairo and her Three Gallants,' and Is^ights 738-
743, ' The Virtuous Woman of Cairo and her Four Suitors.' Dr Jona-
than Scott has given a translation of the second of these in the sixth
volume of his edition of the Arahian Nir/Jifs : The lady is solicited
by the judge, the collector- general of port-duties, the chief of the
butchers, and a rich merchant. She makes an assignation with each
^ For members of the E. E. T. S. who possess only the 1865 edition, it may
be as well to reproduce Dr Furnivall's note here :
""With The JFright's Chaste Jl'ife may also be compared the ballad of
' The Fryer xocll-fittcd ; or
A Pretty jest that once befel,
How a maid put a Fryer to cool in the well,'
printed 'in the Bagford Collection ; in the Roxburghe (ii, 172); the Pepys
(iii. 145) ; the Douce (p. 85) ; and in Wit and Mirth, an Antidote to Melancholy,
8vo, 1682, also, in an altered form, in Pills to Purge Melancholy, 1707, i. 340,
or 1719, iii. 325 ' ; and the tune of which, with an abstract of the story, is given
in ChaiipeU's Popiclar Music, i. 273-5. The Friar makes love to the maid ; she
refuses him for fear of hell-fire.
Tush, r|uoth the Friar, thou needcst not doubt ;
If thou wert in Hell, I could sing thee out.
So she consents if he'll bring her an angel of money. He goes home to fetch it,
and she covers the well with a clotli. When he comes back and has given her
the money, she pretends that her father is coming, tells the Friar to run belaud
the cloth, and down he flops into the well. Siie won't lielp him at first, because
if he could sing her out of hell, he could clearly sing himself out of the well :
but at last she does help him out, keeps his money because he's dirtied the water,
and sends him home dripping along the street like a new-washed sheep."
3D "the Wright's chaste wife":
at lier own house — of course at clifTerent hours — and acquaints lier
liusband of her pLm to punisli them, and at the same time reap some
profit. Tlie judge comes first, and presents her with a rosary of
pearls. Slie makes liim undress, and put on a robe of yellow muslin,
and a parti-coloured cap — her luisljand all the time looking at him
through an opening in the door of a closet. Presently a loud knock
is heard at the street-door, and on the pretence that it is her husband,
the judge is pushed into an adjoining room. The three other suitors,
as they successively arrive, bring each a valuable present, and are
treated in like manner. The husband now enters, and the lady tells
liini — to the consternation, doubtless, of the imprisoned suitors — that
iu returning from the bazaar she had met four antic fellows, whom
she had a great mind to bring home with her for his amusement.
He affects to be vexed that she had not done so, since he must go
from home to-morroAV. The lady then says they are, after all, in the
next room, upon which the husband insists on their being brought
before him, one after another. So the judge is dragged forth in his
al)surd attire, and compelled to caper like a buffoon, after wdiich ho
is made to tell a story, and is then dismissed. The others, having in
turn gone through a similar performance, are also sent packing.
Tliere is another Arabian version in the famous romance of the
Seven Vazirs, "which now forms part of the Thousand and One Nights.
The wife of a merchant, during one of his journeys of business, had
a young man as a substitute, wdio happened one day to be engaged
in a street brawd, and Avas apprehended by the police. She dressed
herself in her richest apparel, and repaired to the wall, or chief of
the police, and begged \\\\\\ to release her ' brother,' wdio Avas her
only protector, and against wdiom hired Avitnesses had SAVorn falselj%
The AA'ali, seeing her great beauty, consents, on condition that she
should receive him at her house. She appoints a certain evening,
and the AvaH, eiu'aptured, gives her twenty dinars (about ten pounds
of our money), saying, " Expend this at the bath ; " and so she left
the Avail Avith his heart busy thinking of all her charms. In like
manner — to be brief — the lady arranges Avith the kazi, or judge, the
vazir, or minister of state, and the hajib, or city governor, that they
should come to her the same evening, appointing, of course, a differ-
ent hour for each. She then goes to a joiner, and desires him to
make her a large cabinet Avith four compartments. The poor crafts-
man, also smitten Avith her beauty, asks, as his only rcAA-ard, that he
should be permitted to spend an CA'ening Avith her. "In that case,"
says she, " you must make a iifth compartment," and appointed an
ADDITIONAL ANALOGUES. 31
hour for hira to visit her, the same evening she had fixed for the four
city officials. AVlien the wall arrived, she feasted him alumdantly,
then taking off his robes, dressed him in gay-coloured clothes, and
plied him with wine till he was intoxicated ; and when he had written
an order to the jailor to release the young man, lo ! there was a loud
knocking at the gate. "Who is coming 1" asks the wah', in alarm.
"It is my husband," replies the lady; "get into this cabinet, and I
Avill return presently and let you out." Thus, as they came, the
crafty lady entraps the four dignitaries and the poor joiner. Having
sent a servant to the prison with the wall's order, her lover soon
arrived, and they both set off for another city, with all the valuables
they could carry. In the morning the landlord of the house, finding
the gate open, entered, and hearing voices from the cabinet was
alarmed, and summoned the neighliours. The cabinet was carried
to the palace of the sultan, who sent for carpenters and smiths, and
caused it to be broken open, Avhen lo ! he discovered the wall, the
kazi, the vazir, the hajib, and the poor joiner in their fantastic
dresses. And the sultan laughed till he almost fainted, and com-
manded the story to be written from first to last. Search was made
for the lady and her lover, but they were never discovered. ^
In the Persian romance entitled Bahdr-i Ddnidt, or ' Spring of
Knowledge,' by Inayatu-'llah of Delhi, a lady named Gohera, whose
husband was in the hands of the police, makes assignations with the
kotwal (chief of police) and the kazi, one of whom is entrapped in a
great jar, the other in a chest ; and next morning she causes porters
to carry them before the sultan, Avho orders them to be punished, and
her husband to be set at liberty. And in the Persian tales of the
'Thousand and One Days' {Hazdv-yelc Ruz), by Mukhlis, of Ispahan
(Day 14G ff.), Ariiya, the virtuous wife of a merchant, entraps, with
her husband's sanction, a judge, a doctor, and the city governor.
The story is known, in various forms, throughout India, where,
indeed, it had its origin. In the Indian Antiquary, 1873, there is a
translation by G. H. Damant, of a folk-tale of Dinajpur, entitled
* The Touchstone,' in the concluding portion of which a young
■woman consents to receive at her house the kotwal at tlie first watch
of the night ; the king's counsellor at the second watch ; the king's
minister at the third watch ; ami the king himself at the fourth watch.
She smears the kotwal with molasses, pours water on him, covers his
whole body with cotton wool, and then secures him near the window.
^ In the Bodleian MS. of The Nights referred to above, this stoiy is told
separately from the Seven Vazirs. — Nights, 726 — 728.
32 " THE wrigut's cuaste wife " :
The counsellor is liidden under a mat ; the minister behind a baml)oo-
screcn ; and when the king comes, last of all, and sees the frightful
figure of the kolwal in the window, he asks what it is, and she
replies that it is a rakshasa (a species of demon), upon which the
king, minister, and counsellor flee from the liousc in dread of the
monster. The kotwal is then released, and makes the best of his
way home in his hideous condition.
In INIiss Stokes' charming Indian Fainj Tales (Xo. 28), a mer-
chant's clever wife, daring his absence, takes four hanks of thread to
the bazaar to sell, and is accosted in turn by the kotwal, the vazir, the
kazi, and the king, to each of whom she grants an interview at her
house, at different hours, and contrives to entrap them into chests.
In the morning she hires four stout coolies, who take the chests on
their backs, and proceeding to the houses of Ixer suitors, disposes of
them to their sons for various sums of money, telling each that the
chest contained something he would value far beyond the sum she
asked. A very similar Bengali version, 'Adi's Wife,' is given by
Damant in the Indian Antiiiuarij," vol. ix. p. 2. And there is a
curious variant in Xarrain Sawmy's Select Tamil Tales, Madras,
1839, in Avhich Eamakistnan (an Indian Scogin or Tyl Eiilenspiegel)
entraps the raja and his domestic chaplain, whom he induces to dis-
guise themselves as women, on the pretext that he would introduce
them to the beautiful wife of a man who had lately come to- lodge at
his house. The jester having locked them, one after the other, in
the same room^ when they recognize each other they are much ashamed,
and softly request to be let out, but this Ilamakistnan docs only after
they have solemnly promised to forgive him a hundred offences every
day.
"We now come to a second Sanskrit form of the story in the
Kailid Sarit Sdgara (Book I. ch. 4), from which the foregoing Indian,
Persian, and Arabian versions have evidently been adapted or imitated.
The storyteller, Vararuchi, relates that before proceeding to Himalaya
to propitiate Siva with austerities, he deposited in the hand of the
merchant Iliranyadatta all his wealth for the maintenance of his
family during his absence, at the same time informing his wife
Upakosa of it, and he thus proceeds :
" Upakosa, on her part anxious for my success, remained in her
own house, bathing every day in the Ganges, strictly observing her
vow. One day, Avhen spring had come, she l)cing still beautiful,
though thin and slightly pale, and charming to the eyes of men, like
tlie streak of the new moon, was seen b}' the king's domestic chaplain
ADDITIONAL ANALOGUES. 33
while going to bathe in the Ganges, and also by the head magistrate,
and by the prince's minister ; and immediately they all became a
target for the arrows of love. It happened, too, somehow or other,
that she took a long time bathing that day, and as she was returning
in the evening, the prince's minister laid violent hands on her; but
she with great presence of mind said to him : ' Dear sir, I desire this
as much as you, but I am of respectable family, and my husband is
away from home. How can I act thus 1 Some one might perhaps
see us, and then misfortune would befall you as well as me. There-
fore you must come without fail to my house in the first watch of
the night of the spring-festival, when the citizens are all excited [and
will not observe you].' When she had said this, and pledged herself,
he let her go ; but as chance would have it, she had not gone many
steps further before she was stopped by the king's domestic chaplain.
She made a similar assignation with him also, for the second watch
of the same night ; and so he too was, though with difficulty, induced
to let her go. But after she had gone a little further, up comes a
third person, the head magistrate, and detains the trembling lady.
Then she made a similar assignation with him also, for the third
watch of the same night ; and having by great good fortune got him
to release her, she went home all trembling. Of her own accord she
told her handmaids the arrangements she had made, reflecting, ' Death
is better for a woman of good family, when her husband is away, than
to meet the eyes of people who lust after beauty.' Full of these
thoughts and regretting me, the virtuous lady spent that night in
fasting, lamenting her own beauty.
" Early the next morning she sent a maidservant to the merchant
Hiranyadatta to ask for some money in order that she might honour
the Brahmans. Then that merchant also came, and said to her in
private : * ShoAv me love, and then I will give you what your husband
deposited.' "When she heard that, she reflected that she had no
witness to prove the deposit of her husband's wealth, and perceived
that the merchant was a villain ; and so, tortured with sorrow and
grief, she made a fourth and last assignation with him for the last
watch of the same night ; and so he went away. In the meanwhile
she had prepared by her handmaids, in a large vat, lamp-black mixed
with oil and scented with musk and other perfumes, and she made
ready four pieces of rag anointed with it, and she caused to be made
a large trunk with a fastening outside.
" So on that day of the spring-festival the prince's minister came
in the first watch of the night in gorgeous array. When he had
3 1 " THE wnroiiT's chaste wife " :
entered -wilhout being observed, ITpakosa said to him : ' I -will not
receive you until you have bathed ; so go in and bathe.' The simple-
ton agreed to that, and was taken by the handmaids into a secret, dark
inner apartment. There they took off his under-garments and his
jewels, and gave him by way of an under-garment a single piece of
rag, and they smeared the rascal from head to foot with a thick coating
of that lamp-black and oil, pretending it was an unguent, without his
detecting it. Wliile they continued rubbing it into every limb, the
second watch of the night came, and the chaplain arrived ; the hand-
maids thereupon said to the minister : ' Here is the king's chaplain
come, a great friend of Vararuchi's, so creep into this box ;' and they
bundled him into the trunk, just as he was, all naked, with the utmost
precipitation ; and then they fastened it outside with a bolt. The
priest too was brought inside into the dark room on the pretence of a
bath, and was in the same way stripped of his garments and orna-
ment?, and made a fool of by the handmaids by being rubbed Avith
lamp-black and oil, with nothing but the piece of rag on him, until
in the third watch the chief magistrate arrived. The handmaids
immediately terrified the priest with, the news of his arrival, and
pushed him into the trunk like his predecessor. After they had
bolted him in, they brought in the magistrate on the pretext of giving
hinr a bath, and so he, like his fellows, with the piece of rag for his
only garment, was bamboozled by being continually anointed with
lamp-black, until in the last w-atch of the night the merchant arrived.
'Jlie handmaids made use of his arrival to alarm the magistrate, and
bundled him also into the trunk, and fastened it on the outside.
" So those three being shut up inside the box, as if they were
bent on accustoming themselves to live in the hell of blind darkness,
did not dare to speak on account of fear, though they touched one
another. Then Upakosa brought a lamp into the room, and making
the merchant enter it, said to him : ' Give me that money which my
husband deposited with you.' ^Vhen he heard that, the rascal, observ-
ing that the room Avas empty, said : ' I told you that I would give
you the money your husl)and deposited with me.' Upakosa, calling
the attention of the people in the trunk, said : ' Hear, 0 ye gods,
this speech of Hiranyadatta.' "When she had said this, she blew
out the light ; and the merchant, like the others, on the pretext of a
bath was anointed by the handmaids for a long time with lamp-black.
Then they told him to go, for the darkness was over, and at the close
of the night they took him by the neck and pushed him out of the
door sorely against his will. Tlien he made the best of his way home,
ADDITIONAL ANALOGUES. 33
with only the piece of rag to cover his nakedness, and smeared with
the black d3'e, witli the dogs biting him at every step, thoroughly
ashamed of himself, and at last reached his own house; and when he
got there, he did not dare to look his slaves in the face while they
were washing off that black dye. The path of vice is indeed a
painful one.
" In the early morning, Upakosa, accompanied by hor handmaids,
went, without informing her parents, to the palace of King ISTanda,
and there herself stated to the king that the merchant liiranyadatta
Avas endeavouring to deprive her of money deposited with him by
lier husband. The king, in order to inquire into the matter, im-
mediately had the merchant summoned, who said : ' I have nothing
in my keeping belonging to this lady.' Upakosa then said : ' I have
witnesses, my lord. Before he went, my husband put the household
gods into a box, and this merchant with his own lips admitted the
deposit in their presence. Let the box be brought here, and ask the
gods yourself.' Having heard this, the king in astonishment ordered
the box to be brought. Thereupon in a moment that trunk was
carried in by many men. Then Upakosa said : ' Eelate truly, 0 gods,
what that merchant said, and then go to your houses : if you do not,
I will burn you, or open the box in court.' Hearing that, the men
in the box, beside themselves Avith fear, said : ' It is true, the
merchant admitted the deposit in our presence.' Then the merchant,
being utterly confounded, confessed all his guilt. Eut the king,
being unable to restrain his curiosity, after asking permission of
Upakosa, opened the chest there in court by breaking the fastening,
and those three men were dragged out, looking like three lumps of
solid darkness, and were with difficulty recognised by the king and
his ministers. The whole assembly then burst out laughing, and the
king in his curiosity asked Upakosa what was the meaning of this ;
so the virtuous lady told the whole story. All present in court
expressed their approbation of Upakosa's conduct, observing : * The
virtuous behaviour of women of good family, who are protected by
their OAvn excellent disposition only,^ is incredible.' Then all those
coveters of their neighbour's wife were deprived of all their living
and banished from the country. "Who prospers by immorality]
Upakosa was then dismissed by the king, who showed his great
regard for her by a present of much wealth, and said to her : ' Hence-
forth thou art my sister ; ' and so she returned home."
^ Instead of being confined in the zenana, or liarem. Somadeva wrote before
the Muhammadan conquest of Judia.
36 'TUE Wright's chaste wife":
Such is the fine story of the virtuous Upakosa, according to
Professor Tawney's translation, of which the Arabian version in the
Seven Vazirs is a ratlier chimsy imitation. But before attempting a
comparison of the several versions, there remain to be adduced those
of the second subdivision (/>) of the group in which there is no
magical test of cliastity, and to which belongs Lydgate's metrical tale
of 77/e Ladi/ Prioress and her Three Wooers, an abstract of which is
cited by Dr Furnivall in the original notes to our story.
If Lydgate did not adapt his tale from Boccaccio {Decameron,
l)ay IX., Nov. 1), both versions must have been derived from a
common source. Boccaccio's story is to this effect : A widow lady in
ristuia had two lovers, one called Rinuccio, the other Alexander, of
Avhom neither was acceptable to lier. At a time when she was
harassed by their importunities, a person named Scannadio, of repro-
bate life and hideous aspect, died and was buried. His death
suggested to the lady a mode of getting rid of her lovers, by asking
them to perform a service which she thought herself certain tliey
would not undertake. She acquainted Alexander that the body of
Scannadio, for a purpose she would afterwards explain, was to be
brought to her dwelling, and that, as she felt a horror at receiving
such an inmate, she offered him her love if he would attire himself
in the dead garments of Scannadio, occupy his place in the coffin,
and allow himself to be conveyed to her house in his stead. 'Jo
Rinuccio she sent to request that ho Avould bring the corpse of
Scannadio at midnight to lier habitation. Both lovers, contrary to
her expectation, agree to fidfil her desires. During the night she
watches the event, and soon perceives Rinuccio coming along, bearing
Alexander, who was equipped in the shroud of Scannadio. On the
approach of some watchmen with a light, Rinuccio throws down his
burden and runs off, while Alexander returns home in the dead man's
clothes. Next day each demands the love of his mistress, which she
refuses, pretending to believe that no attempt had been made to fulfil
her commands (Dinilop). Lydgate's story is a very great improve-
ment on tliis of the illustrious I'lorentine : the Lady Prioress pretends
the "corpse" had been arrested for debt; and the adventures of her
three suitors are ingeniously conceived, and told with much humour.
Lender the title of ' The "Wicked Lady of Antwerp and her
Lovers,' Thorpe, in his Northern Mijtholofjn, gives a story which is
cousin-german to those of Boccaccio and Lydgate : A rich woman in
Antwerp led a very licentious life, and had four lovers, all of whom
visited her in the evenings, but at different hours, so that no one
ABDITIOXAL ANALOGUES. 37
knew anything of the others. The LongWapper^ one night assumed
the foim of this hidy. At ten o'clock came the first lover, and Long
Wapper said to him : " AVhat dost thou desire"?" — " I desire you for
a Avife,"said the spark. — "Thou shalt have me," replied the Wapper,
" if thou wilt go instantly to the churchyard of our Lady, and there
sit for two hours on the transverse of the great cross." — " Good," said
he, " that shall be done," and he went and did accordingly. At half-
past ten came the second. "What dost thou wantl" asked the
Long Wapper. — " I wish to marry you," ansAvered the suitor. — "Thou
shalt have me," replied the Wapper, "if thou wilt go previously to
tlie churchyard of our Lady, there take a coffin, drag it to the foot of
tlie great cross, and lay thyself in it till midnight."^ — " Good," said
the lover, " that shall be done at once," and he went and did so.
About eleven o'clock came the tliird. Him the Long Wapper com-
missioned to go to the cothn at the foot of the cross in our Lady's
churchyard, to knock thrice on the lid, and to wait there till midnight.
At half- past eleven came the fourth, and AVapper asked him what his
wishes were. "To wed you," answered he. — "Thou shalt do so,"
replied Wapper, " if thou wilt take the iron chain in the kitchen,
and dragging it after thee, run three times round the cross in the
churchyard of our Ladj-." — " Good," said the spark, " that I will do."
Tlie first had set himself on the cross, but had fallen dead with
fright to the earth on seeing the second place the coffin at his feet.
The second died with fright when the third struck thrice on the
coffin. The third fell down dead when the fourth came rattling his
chain, and the fourth knew not "what to think when he found his
three rivals lying stiff and cold around the cross. With all speed he
ran from the churchyard to the lady to tell her what had happened.
But she, of course, knew nothing of the matter ; when, however, on
the following day, she was informed of the miserable death of her
lovers, she put an end to her own life.
We have here a very curious and tragical version of the self-same
story which the Monk of Bury — or whosoever was the author — has
told so amusingly of the Lady Prioress and her Three Wooers. In
the Far North, where our story is also current, magical arts are
employed in punishment of importunate and objectionable suitors :
In the latter part of the tale of ' The Mastermaid ' (Dasent's
Popular Tales from the Norse), the heroine takes shelter in the hut
of a crabbed old crone, who is killed by an accident, and the maid
^ A Flemish sprite, whose knavish ox2)loit3 rescinLle those of our English
Robin Goodfellow. — Thorpe.
38 " TUE Wright's chaste wife":
is thus left alone. A constable, passing by, and seeing a beautiful
girl at tlie window, falls in love with lier, and having brought a
bushel of money, she consents to marry luin ; but at night, just wdien
they have got into bed, she says that she has forgot to make up tlie
fire; tliis the doting bridegroom undertakes to do himself, but no
sooner has he laid liold of the shovel, than she cries out : " r^lay you
liold the shovel, and the shovel hold you, and may you heap burning
coals over yourself till morning breaks ! " So there stood the
constable all night, heaping coals of fire on his own head till day-
break, when he was released from the spell, and ran home. In like
manner, on the second night the damsel casts her spells over an
attorney, wdio is made to hold the handle of the porch-door till
morning ; and on the third night the sheriff is compelled to hold the
calf's-tail, and the calf's-tail to hold him, till morning breaks, Avheii
he goes home in sorry plight. — In an Icelandic version, the calf's-tail
is the only device adopted by the young witch, but it proves equally
efficacious for her purposes.
These are all the versions of this Avorld-wide story with which I
am at present acquainted : some of them are taken from the appendix
to my privately-printed Book of Slndihdd. Regarding the immediate
source of Adam of Cobsam's diverting tale, I do not think that was
the Gesta version, -with wdiich it corresponds only in outline ; both
Avere doubtless adapted independently fiom some orally-current form
of the story. If we assume that the Kaihd Sarit Sdgara faithfully
represents its prototype of the Gth century — the Vrihat Katlid —
then for the elements of The WriijhCs Chaste Wife Ave must go to
two diirerent Ijut cognate tales in that collection : for the garland as
the test of chastity avc have the lotus-Ilowcr in the story of Guhascna ;
and the entrapping of the suitors Ave iintl in the story of Upakosa.
Of the Eastern versions cited, the prototype of The Wriylit^s Chaste
Wife is the story of the soldier's Avil'e in the Tdti Ndma — a Avork,
it is true, Avhich does not date earlier than a.d. 130G, but it Avas
derived from a much older Persian Avork of the same description,
Avhich again Avas based upon a Sanskrit story-book, of Avhich the
Sulca Saptatl (Seventy Tales of a Parrot) is the modern representa-
tive. The two stories in the Vrihat Kathd — or rather, portions of
them — seem thus to have been fused into one at an early date, and
reached Euro})0 in a form similar to the Gesta and Adam of Cobsam's
versions. ]5ut the story of Upakosa also found its Avay to Europe
separately, and nut through the Arabian Aversions assuredly, since
these arc much later than the times of the Trouveres. Moreover, the
ADDITIOXAL ANALOGUES. 39
fahl'iau has preserved incidents of the Indian story, wliich are omitted
in the Arabian versions, Avith comparatively little modification,
namely : that of the hath — a common preliminary to farther intimacy
in tales of gallantry ; the smearing of the naked suitors with lamp-
black and oil — they are 'feathered' in the faUiau ; and the dogs
snapping the heels of the rogn.ish merchant. — That Boccaccio was
not the inventor of his version seems evident, from the existence of
analogous popular tales in !N"orthern Europe. Be this as it may,
Adam of Cobsam's story has furnished us Avith a curious illustration
of Baring-Gould's remark : " How many brothers, sisters, uncles,
aunts, and cousins of all degrees a little story has ! and how few of
the talcs we listen to can lay any claim to originality ! "
Glasgow, April ISSG.
(^nglnul events,
NO. 8i.
n. CLAV AND S0N3, CHAOCER PRESS, Bt'NOAY.
Stitc §ooIi of ^mit (gsf)fm[c
or
^Ijc Jfiftlj §i:urg»
BERLIN ! . ASHER & CO., 5, UNTER DEN LINDEN.
NEW YOUK: C. SCRIBNKU & CO.; LEYPOLDT & HOLT.
PHILADELPUIA : J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
or
f b:U is io sair,
lilan's Ijtabcn*
A tretice in englisch breuely drawe out of ]>e book of quintis
e^x^encijs in latyn, pat hermys pe pwphete and
kyng of Egipt, a.{\.er fe flood of Noe
fadir of philosophris, hadde by
reuelaciou;/ of an aungil
of god to him
sende.
EDITED FKOM THE SLOAXE MS. 73, ABOUT 1460—70 A.D.
BY
FEEDERICK J. FURNIVALL, :\r.A.
[Revised, 1889.]
LOXDOX:
PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY,
BY N. TEUBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL.
MDCCCLXVI.
(Driglmil Series, 16.
R. CLAY <t SONS, LIMITKD, LOKDOX & EUNOAY.
The odd account of the origin of this Treatise — in its first
lines — caught my eye as I was turning over the leaves of the
Sloane Manuscript which contains it. I resolved to print it as
a specimen of the curious fancies our forefathers helieved in (as
I suj^pose) in Natural Science, to go alongside of the equally
curious notions they put faith in in matters religious. And this
I determined on with no idea of scoffing, or pride in modern
wisdom ; for I believe that as great faUacies now prevail in both
the great branches of knowledge and feeling mentioned, as ever
were held by man. Because once held by otlier men, and
specially by older Englishmen, these fancies and notions have,
or should have, an interest for all of us ; and in this belief, one
of them is presented here.
The loss of my sweet, bright, only child, Eeua, and other
distress, have prevented my getting up any cram on the subject
of Quintessence to fijrm a regular Preface. The (translated ?)
oriocinal of the text is attributed to Hermes — Trismegistus, "or
the thrice great Interpreter," so called as " having three parts
of the Philosophy of the wliole Avorld " ^ — to whom were
credited more works than he wrote. The tract appears to be
a great fuss about Alcohol or Spirits of Wine ; how to make it,
1 Tlie Mirror of Alrhiiinj, composed by the thrice-famous and learned
Fryer, Eoger Bachon, 1597.
and get more or less tipsy on it, and what wonders it will
work, from making old men young, and dying men well, to
killing lice.
Tlie reading of the proof with the MS. was done by ]\Ir.
Edumnd Brock, the Society's most careful and able helj^er.
To Mr. Cockayne I am indebted for the identification of some
names of plants, &c. ; and to Mr. Gill of University College,
London, for some Notes on the Chemistry of the treatise, made
at the request of my friend My. Morcsliwar Atmaram.^ The
Sloane MS. I judge to be about, but after, 14G0 A.D.- The
later copy (Haiieian MS, 85.'>, fol. G6) seems late 16th century
or early l7th,- and has been only collated for a few passages
which require elucidation. The pause marks of the MS. and
text requi]-e to be disregarded occasionally in reading.
EoHAM, IGtJi May, 1866.
P.S, The short side-notes in inverted commas on and after
p. 1() (save '5 M"' and the like) are by a later hand in tlie MS.
The 'Sjjheres' on p. 26, and the 'Contents,' p. vii-viii, are now
added.— F. 1881).
^ i\Ir. AI. A. Tarkliad has been for many years Vice- Principal of the Raj-
kuniar Collej^e, for tlie sons of the native Cliiefs of Eajlvote. — 1889.
2 Mr. E. A. r.ond of the British Jluseuni has kindly looked at the MSS.,
and puts the Sloaue at UGO-TO A.D., and the Harleiau at about 1600.
CONTENTS.
liOOK I.
PROLOG : god's gkeatest secret
quinte essence defined : its qualities
how to make quinte essence
1st way ...
2nd way
3rd way
4th WAT
5th way
HOW POOR EVANGELIC
OF GOLD ...
MEN MAY GET THE GRACIOUS INFLUENCE
HOW TO GILU BURNING W.\TER OR WINE ilORE THOROUGHLY
HOW TO MAKE FIUi: WITHOUT COALS, LIME, LIGHT, ETC.
HOW TO CALCINE GOLD
HOW TO SEPARATE GOLD FROM SILVl.R
HOW TO GET ITS QUINTE ESSENCE OUT OF GOLD
HOW TO GET ITS QUINTE ESSENCE OUT OP ANTIMONY
HOW TO GET ITS QUINTE ESSENCE OUT OF MAN's BLOOD
HOW TO GET ITS QUINTE ESSENCE OUT OF THE 4 ELEMENTS
n(JW TO FIX ALL EARTHLY TUINGS IN OUR QUINTE ESSENCE
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Vni CONTENTS.
BOOK IL
now TO JIAKE AN OLD EVANGELIC MAN YOUNG
HOW TO CURE A MAN GIVEN UP BY DOCTORS
HOW TO CURE THE LEPROSY ...
now TO CURE TIIIO PALSY
HOW TO FATTEN LEAN AND CONSUMPTIVE MEN
HOW TO CURE FRENSY, GOUT, AND TROUBLES FROM
WICKED THOUGHTS, ETC., p. 17; AND HOW OUR
ESSENCE IS HEAVEN
HOW TO CURE THE GOUT
HOW TO CURE THE ITCH, AND KILL LICE
How TO CURE gUARTAN FEVER
HOW TO CURE CONTINUAL (cHRONIc) FEVER
HOW TO CURE TERTIAN FEVER
HOW TO CURE DAILY OR QUOTIDIAN FEVER ...
HOW TO CURE AGUE, FEVER, AND LUNACY ...
HOW TO CURE FRENZY AND MADNESS
HUW TO CURE CRAMP ...
HOW TO CAST POISON OUT OP A MAN's BODY
HOW TO MAKE A COWARD BOLD AND STRONG
HOW TO CURE PESTILENTIAL FEVER ...
HOW THIS QUINTE ESSENCE IS FOR HOLY MEN ONLY
TIIK SPHERES AND THE PLANETS
MR. gill's NOTES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF THE TEXT
GLOSSARY
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DEVILS,
QUINTE
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THE BOOK OF QUIXTE ESSENCE
OR TPIE FIFTH BEING;
THAT IS TO SAT,
MAN'S HEAVEN.
[Sloanc MS. 73, fol. 10. Brit, Mus.]
BOOK I.
With be myjt, -wisdom, & grace of be holy tryuite, I write [FoI. in.]
By t lie ffiace
to 20U a tretice in encrlisch breuely drawc out of be otcodi
' o J Y translate you
book of quintis es-i'encijs in latyn, \ai hermys Jie prophete and re'^^eTuo''^
4 Ivvng of Egipt, after the flood of ]S^oe, fadir of j>hilosophris, airan^d after
hadde by reuelaciou« of an aungil of god to him sende, bat that the
knowledge of
be wiisdom and be science of bis book schulde not pe?-ische, tii'^ijook
but be kept and pj-eserued vuto ])g eende of fe world, of alle e^iao*?- the''^
8 holy men from al wickid peple and tyraiintis, for greet pe/-ilis
J)at my3te falle perof. For wi})i/aae J>is breue tretis, wij) fie
iijrace of fjod, I wole more determine of practif * ban of theorik. [* practise,
° ° ' I r us. Hail.]
3itt ben bofo nedeful / The firste and souereyneste p/-/uyte |3at God's great-
12 god, maker of kynde, ordeyned for mannys nede, how fat olde man's need is
euangelik men, and feble in kynde, myjte be restorid, and haue i,'e"i'i,°,',^ff'''
a3en her firste strenkfis of 3ongJ3e in )?e same degree fiat is in ot'^hth"^'
al kynde, & be mad hool parh3tly, except fie strok of fc
IG bundir blast, & violent brusuris, and oppressynge of to niychc ext-.pt in case
oliliunder-
betynge / Also perilous fallyngis of hij placis, to niychc absty- i*';'"'. »>»i
nence, & of ere yuel gouernauncc a3ens kynde, And also fe !;,'f,i"'he tenu
teerme fat is sett of god, fat nonian may a-schape, as lob self in iae„°' "*
20 latyn / " Biciies dies hoH«'«is sunt &c." Forsofe philosophori^ 'Xo/^i.'
QL'IXTK ESSENCE. 15
THE NAMES AND QUALITIES OF QUINTE ESSENCE. [Book I.
Tlie purest
s>ibs(;iiice of
conuptible
tliiiiRs is
Quinte Es-
sence or
man's
lic-aven ,
[* Fol. 106.]
Quinte Es-
sence is in-
corruptible as
to tlie lour
qualities ol'
man's botiy,
but not as
the heaven
of God.
It is called,
1. Burning
Water; 2. the
Soul in the
spirit of
Wine;
3. Water of
Life ; and if
you wisli to
conceal it,
Quinte Es-
sence.
It is neither
moist and
cold like
water,
nor hot and
moist like air,
nor cold and
dry like
earth, nor
hot and dry
like lire.
It Rives incor-
ruptibility,
[■» Fol. n.]
for it prevents
dead rtcsh
from rotting.
and much
more the
livinf; flesh
of man.
It is Man's
Ilcavcii,
clepen fe purest substau?ice of manye corruptible jji^/gis elemen-
tid, ' qui?ita e.s\sencia,' fat is to seie, ' mawnys heuene,' drawe out
by craft of niani;i for whi, a.s quinta e^sencia superior, pat is,
heuene of cure lord god, in reward of J)o .iiij dementis, is 4
yncorruptible & vnchau?<geable / ri3t so *q?a'nta esscncia sii-
pe?'ior inierior, Jjat is to seie, mawnys heuene, is incorruptible,
in reward of pe .4. q?</ditee3 of mannys body; and so it is
prtiued naturaly f»at ourc quinta e.s^^encia, })at is, nianncs heuene, 8
in it-silf- is incorruptible ; and so it is not hoot and drie wi|)
fier / ne coold and moist wijj watir / ne hoot & moist witJi eyr,
ne coold and drie wi]j erfe ; but oure q?/mta cssenda avayli)) to
J3C cont/'rtrie, as heuene incorruptible / But vndirstonde fat oure 12
q?u'[n]ta essencia is nou3t so incorruptible as is heuene of oure
lord god ; but it is incorruptible in reward of composiciou7z
maad of fe .4. eleiuentis ; & it hath .iij. names by the philoso-
phoris, pat is to seie / bremiynge watir / fe soule in pe spirit of 16
wyn, & watir of lijf / Y>ut whaiine 30 wolo conccUe it, panuc
schal 30 clepe it 'oure quinta essG7icia' ; for fis name, & pe
nature perof, ri3t fewc philosophoris wolde schewe / but sikurly
J)ei biriede pe trufe with hem. and witif Aveel that it is clepid 20
brennynge watir; and it is no bre?niy«g watir: forwhi, it is not
moist ne coold as comou?? Avatir ; for it bre?nie|), & so doijj not
comyn watir; no it is nat hoot and moist as eir, for eir cor-
ru//q)i]) a |?i//g a-noon, as it schewij? weel by generac20U7i of flies, 24
<fc areins, and siche o]}c?*c ; but sikirly fis is alwey incorruptible,
if it be kept cloos fro fli3t / Also it is not coold and drie as erfc.
for souereynly it worchijj & chaungijj. And it is not hoot and
drie as fier, as it schewij) by experience ; for hoot fingis it keli]), 28
& hoot sijknessis it doif awey / Also pat it 3eue]) incorruptibi-
lite, and kopif a )?i»g fro corruptibilite *and rotyngc, it is p?'eued
pus I Forwhi. wli;it pece of fleisch, fisch, or deed brid, bo putt
ponnwQ, it schal not corru[m]pe ne rote whilis it is feri/nie / 32
micho more fanue it wole kepe quyk fleisch of mannys body
from al manere corrujitibilite and rotynge / This is oure qmnta
e-wencia, pat is to seie, mannys heuene, fat god made to pa cou-
1 ? MS. meant for 'man.' « MS. 'siff.'
Book I.] THE NATURE AND WOUKING OF QUIXTE ESSENCE. 6
scraac/on?j of be .4. n?/-r^litees of mannys hody, rut as lie made preserving
' ^ ^ -J -J y ),jg body as
liis henene to pe conseruac/ou?i of al pe -world / And wite 30 for "^''^.''",j''''^
certeyn bat mauye pliilosoplioris and lechis brtt ben now, knowe Many know
J r J I I r it not now for
4 non3t J)is quinta essencia, ne fe truj^e ferof / Fonvhi ; god wole ^"^^^^J' ^^^[^^^^"^
not pat pel knowe it ; for her greet bre?mynge coueitise & "*"''^-
vicious lyuynge / Forsope qwmta essencia superior, fat is to seie, Rut as God's
heuene of oure lor<l god bi him silf / Aloone / 3eue]) not conser- "j^Jf st'J/™
8 uacioun in pc world, and wondirful influence, but by J?e vertue C" Quhite*^"'
of be su7nie, planctis, and opero sterris ; rijt so oure q?«'nta made fair by
the sun mine-
essencia, bat is, mannys heuene, wole be maad fair wib be su?aio rai, orpure
> r ^ J ' r r gold of the
mineralle, fynyd, schynynge,incorruptibilo; and euenc in qualite a"j."ea"''^ "^
12 Jjat fier may not appeire, corru?ftpe, ne distroie, and J)is is verry
gold, of J)e myu, of J)e evpe, or of pa floodis gaderid / for gold of 'Noa.'
alkamy maad wit/( corosyues distroie)) kynde, as aristotle and
manye ofere philosophoris p?"ouen / and perfore good gold ua- Goodnaimai
16 turel, & of pa myn of pa erjie, is clepid of ph^7oso^J/^ons 'sol' in ^^,('t!i"p'|,'!^^",,
latyn ; for he is pe sonwe of oure heuene, lich as sol pe planet is ftspowLi-,'
in pe heuene aboue ; for fis planete 3euc)j to gold his inlluence, '■""^"'
nature, colo?ir, & a substaunce i/^corruptible. And oure cminta, ourQuinte
^ l/sscnceisthe
20 essencia, mannys heuene, is of pe nature *& pe colour of heuene / [* Foi.xii.]
• f IIP 111-r-- colour of hea-
And oure sol, bat is, fyn gold of be niyne, schal make it fair, ri3t ven; gold
' r ^ J ^ r J > '7 ,„,iliesitfair;
as sol be planete makib lieuene fair / and so bese two togidere andtnetwo
r 1 r / / o work in us (so
ioyned schal 3eue influence in us, and pe condiciou?zs of lieuene s'^biefre„'ew:a
24 and of heuenly so/me / in as miche as it is possible in deedly giveheauii"^
plentcously.
nature, conseruac^■ou^^ and restorynge of nature lost, & renew-
ynge of 3ong))c / And it schal 3euc plenteuously heelpe: and so it As Aric
is preucd by astronomy aboue, pat sterris pat hap influence vpon
28 pe heed and pe nccke of nuv« / as hen pe sterris of aries, taurus,
and gemiiii, ^eu.e7i influence syngulerly vpon Gerapigra galicni / 'No<a.'
And pe?'fore it hap a syngulor strenkpe, by pe ordynau??ce of j'."'^,^"°J' "'"
god, to drawe awey pe su[)erflue humouris fro pe heed, pe ncclce, those sp'^oes
32 and pe brest, and not fro pe membris bynepe / And so I seie of fronVni'se"
S[)icis pat drawip humouris fro pe knees, pe leggis, and pe feet, tiicir power
pat resseynen a synguler influence of pe sterris of Cap?'icorn, o™. &c.
Aquarie and pisces, & r'nt so of opere, et cetera / Comou?nie Xeii not these
^ ' Divine seerets
36 3c not bis book of dcuyne secretes to wickid \\\en and auerous ; '^^ wicked
-* ' <- ' men.
B 2
(Jcniiiii draw
humonrs
from t lie head
and breast,
4 TUE 1ST WAY TO MAKE QUIXTE ESSENCE. [Book I.
'aqjtavite' Lut kepo JO it ill pr/uytcc / Take fo bestc wiyn fat 30 may
ouhiteE - ^y^^^^' ^^ 3^ ^^ *^^ power ; & if 30 be ri^t pore, J>anne take
**"''!: corrupt wiyn, ])ut is, rotyn, of a watt/y liumour, but not egre,
wine, or any put IS, sour, for pii (|/iait essGiicia jjfirof is naturaly incorruptible 4
not sour; i • i i
distil it, and fc Avhicli 26 scluil cliawe out by sub]ynlac^■ou?^ / And ba?me
tlie 4 Ele-
lueMts shall schal bgr leue in be "rou«d of be vessel be .4. clenie^^tis, as it
be Ictt like ■■ i o J / -r J
i)istiT7 times "^^''^I't^j rotiw/, fecis of wiyn / But tirstt; 3e nuiste ilistille pis wiyn
to get Burn- , v j ^ i i , • i -i^ , o
ing Water; -J- tyiiies ; cV pmno Jiaue 30 good lirewnynge watir / J^orsope, o
[* Foi. 12.] |ji.s is jjo watri matey *fro wliich is drawe oure q'waita essencia /
put this in a Tliuiuu' luustc ji' do make in be funieis of aisclnn, a distillatorie
Distiller in a ■' '^ '
furnace, and Qf alus ^1 liool of oo. pece, wip au lioole a-bouc in ]je heed, where
rise.'cT-'"'"'' ^' ^vatii- schal be putt yu, and be take out / And J)is is a 12
distiu'ed till woiidiifid instrument pat put bing pat by vertues of her aacendith
it is turned
intoQuinte and dislilliUi wij3i//ne j^e vessel, per canales brachiales, pat is, by
iheieie-"'" I'lpi^^ ^J^li ^o ariiiys, be bore a5en, and eftsoones ascendith, &
menti. ^^j^ desce7/dij) contynuely day and nyjt, til pe bre?jnyngc w^ater 16
heiicidy be turned into (luintaiu CiyenciaHi / And so bi con-
tinuelle asccnciou/?s & discenciou?js, Jie q7iink\ e^yencia is
departid fro Jie corruptible comi^osiciou/i of ))c .4. eleme«tis.
For bifore pat jjing pat is twies sublymcd is more glorified, and 20
is more sotil, and fer fro^M pa corru»ipciou7i of pe .4. eleme?^tis
•Noia.' more separat J)a« wha/uie it ascendith but oonys ; and so vnto
Distiiitiooo a bousand tymes, so bat by contynuel ascendynge and descend-
times,
and it shall yugc, by tlic wliicli it is sublviued to SO mvche hisnes of glorifi- 24
be glorified -J -J •j " . .
and beeome a caciou?*, it sclial come bat it schal be a medicvn incorruptible
medicine in- ' ■■ .- j.
beaven"'^''^ "^ alinoost as heueiic aboue, and of pa nature of heuene / And
J)e/-rore oure q«/iita e,«encia worpily is clt'iiid ' manny.s heuene' /
After many And aftir maiive dales bat it hath be in bis sotil vessel of glas 28
days mist,.]. J r T
your distiller, distillid / 3e schulen opene pQ hoole of pa vessel in pQ heed fat
Mute' was selid with pa seel of lute of wijsdom, niaad of pa sotillest
Hour, and of white of eyren, and of moist papere, ymeyngid so
nnd if there fat uo fiug respire out / And wlume 30 opene pe, hoole. if per 32
issues out a
heaven-sweet comc out a passvu^c lieuenlv sweto nauour bat alio me7i bc/t
savour, you i. .. o J i i
[•Foi. i2(/.] come vn natiuvly *diawe pirto. bannc ^c haue oure q?«'nta
liave our
QuinteKs- Ci'sencia / and cllis sele be vessel, and putte it to be ficr a3cn
si'iicc. II not, ' r ' I > ■>
'^A... til 36 huue it. 3G
Took I.] THE 2'^"^, ^^^, AND 4111 -WATS OF MAKIXG QUIXTE ESSENCE. O
And ano})''?- main^r worcliinge of cure q?/nit;i e^-xeiicia is y/,g~,„j
pis / Take fe noblest and pe strengest brc?uiynge watir j^at je ^Qtuidc'l's-"
may haiie distillid out of pure niyjty wiyn, and putte it into ^ ^-
4 a das clcpid anniliora, with a long necke / and close be moub strongest
strongly Avijj wex ; And loke fat half or f e pridde part be fuUe ; an'''"„'""*
and birie it al in hors dou??ge, p?Tparate as it is seid hereafter / FeaTunp;
bury it neck
so bat be necke of be glas be turned dou?«"\vard, & be botu?« downwards in
' J ' ° -■ liorse-dung,
8 be turned vpward, fat by vertu of fe hors dou»ge fo q?inita Q",'|,'(g''f.s.
c^.sencia ascende vp to fe botu?n. And fe groste of fe mater i','J"o'iheifiobe
of be watir descende dou?2ward to fe necke / And aftir manj'c JMuities settle
in the nedc.
daies, whanne ^e take it out, softly lift vp fe glas as it stondith, TaUetiiegiass
outottlie
12 and 3e schal se in Jjickencs and cleernesse a difference bitwene dung;
JjB qM?'nta??i e.-;,9encia??i sublymed, and fe grose mater fat is in \e
necke / fe "wondirful niaistry of dep'^frtyuge of fat oon fro fat
ober is bis / Take a scharp poyntel, or a pricke of yren, & make a hole
in tlie wax
16 peerse into fe wex fat hongif in fe mouf of fo glas a^ons fe ^eai,
erfe / and \vha?me 3e haue poersid al fully to fo watir, take out
fe poyntel or fe pricke / And fat erfely watir wolc first come letouttiicim-
jiure eartliy
out fat is in fe necke / and so til it be come out vnto fe "■'''«^■"'
20 departiwge bitwixe it / and fe q^^^nte e.§.sence, fat is, mannys
heucne sublymed. and whane 2e se bat bis n?«'nt e-^-s^ence wolo and when tiie
■' / / 1 Quinte Ks-
re?nie Sc melte aftir bat bis ei'f elv watir be voydid, putte banne ff^'^'o "'""'i^
'■'•'■• u J L I begin to run,
swiftly 30ure fyngir to fe hoole, & t?/-rne vp fe glas, and fanne J,p|";,',a'^K^e'r
24 36 haue fe?*iwne oure qm'nte essence, *and f e erfely watir wif oute 1^* i^"'- 1^-^
• ^ K -I , • • . , your Qninte
aside. And f is is a passy??,g souereyn j^^-iuytee. Essence.
The fridde mane?' is, fat 30 take a greet glas clcpid auiphora, Thethu-a
waij.
and seele it "vveel, and birie it weel in be wombe of an hors al „ , — •
' > Put yonr am-
28 togidere. and fe purotc of fe q?«jite es^sencie schal be sublymed )HlvJe',"i',eny
aboue, & f e groste schal abide bynef e in f e botine / take out duns,"and
. proceed as
soitli fat fat iletif a-boiie ; and fat fat leeuef bihynde, putte it j'L'ove.
The fourth
way.
to f e tier.
32 The .iiij. maner is fis. take Avhat vessel of glas fat 30 wole,
or of erfe strongly glasid, and fer-vpon a round foot of glas substitute for
the amphora
wif a leg. and seele fe vessel vciili his couertoi^r, fat fe rod a vessel ot
of fe foot of fe glas wifi?nie fe vessel Iionge in fe eyr, fat fat r„"',',i,\i.''|vo,n
36 fi»g ])at asce?Klith to f e couertour in fe maner of a pott boilynge haUinVTu
the air/
6 THE 5Tn AVAY TO MAKE QUINTE ESSENCE, &C. [Book I.
into which desceiide (louu ajen by be foot of be glas. and this instrument
the vapour
'•""d'ns "'"^ may 30 do make wifioute greet cost / The fifpe maner is, J)at jje
The fifth way. brennyngG water be .10 tymes distillid in hors doiu/ge coii-
lii'miing"" tynuely digest. 4
Wiitur ten . i> i i- r- • n l l ^
tinios^ I JIG science of inakynge 01 lier wifioute fier / Avherby 30
withontflre, niay make oure f\uintc essence wijjoute cost or traueile, ami
and Qiiinte /mi i i
jissnire with- Avzt/ioutc occupaczou?i aud lesynge of tyme / lake pe bests horse
trouiiie^ dou?zge pat may be had \at is weel digest, and putte it wifine 8
.luiiR into a a uosscl, Or ollis a pitt maad wi)) jjc crj^e anoy»tid pora^out yfiili
lined witii ,y^^i^ niaad of aiscliin. And in bis vessel or nitt, bete Aveel togidere
vessei'Vn u np fo dou??gc J And hi jjo myddil of J)is doii;/g, sette ])e vessel of
The cold top' distillac/ouw V7ito Jje myddis or more / For it is nede }pat al fe 12
part will con-
dense the va- lioed of be vessel be in be coold eir / bat, bat buig bat bi vertu
pour caused •• ' i > ' i t <j i
the'duilff ''^ "^ *^'^ \'^ ^^^^' ^^ J"^ dou??,g jjat ascendith ^perhy be turned into watir
[* Foi.136.] ^by vcrtu of cooldnos of ))e eir and falle douw ajen and ascende
vp a^en. and fus 30 haue lier wi])oute fier, and but wij) litil IG
traueile.
Or, place your Also auoper maner of fier. sette 3oure vessel forseid to J)e
vessel in the . . i i i. -i.
sun's rays. strong rcuerbcraciou/i of ^q su»ne in somer tyme, and leto it
stonde \cr(i wy^t and day. 20
now poor Here I wole teche 30U how pore eiia??gelik vacn may haue
evangelic • • n c
men mail get -wiboutc cost, aud aluioost for noujt, be gj'acious influence of
the pracious > ' 7 ' / o
ff'fiT""^ "'^ gold, and ]>q maner of pe fixynge of it in oure heuene, pat is,
]?orr^Fio- ourc q?<nita cssencia. if 3e be pore, 30 schal preie a riche man 24
rence Itorin of . i- i i i /i en I ^
a rich friend, bat IS -iowG free/Ml to Iceue 30U a good lloreyn 01 llorence / and
anneal
'"' 'i^t'lif^ "" anelc it vpon a plate of yren as yren is anelid. and haue biside
IhrowHinto 30U a uessol of crpc glasid, lilli.l ful of the bcste brennynge watir
Watcr.t'ai'ill^ pat 3e luay fynde. Sz caste into pe watir pe florcyn anelid. and 28
care to quench t i • i i i i_
thcfircquick- ]oke bat 2e haue a sotute and a sleijpe to qucnche sodeynly pe
l.V to prevent ' -' yt j-
wlstim'"' ^'^^' V-^^ P^ watir waaste not ; and be weel war pat non yren touche
Hcpeatthis pe watir. but af[t]er caste into pe watir pe floreyn, and do so .1.
tymes or more, for pe oftere pe beltere it is / And if 30 se pat pe 32
in fresh Avatir waastc to myche, chaunge it panne, and take newe, & do
Water, and ,
then mix all po ofte tvmes. aud whannc :o haue do 30ure quenchour, putte
the Waters •' J 7 i i
toi,'ether. j^]]p j,g Avat^v's togidcre / And 3e schuleu vndirstonde pat pe
draws out all vtTtu of bre?aiynge watir is sich pat naturely it drawip out of 36
Book I.] HOW TO GILD BURXIXG WATER OR WINK. 7
frold alle be vertues & p?"opirtees of it, & it lioklib incor- the properties
^ ^ ^ '^ . of the gold.
rumptibiletee & an euene heete. *])aiiiie meynge J)is Lrennynge [*foi. ii.]
watir bus giltid W'ib oure mdnte es-sence, and vse it. but be war Burnin<^
'^ '^ r ~l Wiiterwith
4 }at je quenche not J)e floreyn in oure quinte essence ; for J)anne Quinte Es-
it were lost / And if it so be )jat 30 haue not fis brennynge watir st"",t" ^r^''^"
ledy, Jeanne qucTzche 3oure floreyn in J)e bcste Avhi^t wiyn Jjat wat"r"best;
iiiT->M'i !•! 1 • -11 white wine,
may be had/ ror sikuiy Tpo philosophore seij?, Jiat wiyu hath wiiich.aiso
8 also fe p?'opirtee to restreyne in it fe influence and ve/'tues of powers or
gold / And whanne ^e haue do ^oure Averk, 30 schal wite )?at Jie
floreyn is als good, & almoost of J>e same wei3te, as it Avas
afore / ferfore vse wiyn or bre?mynge watir giltid, so ])at 30 may Tiiis giit
12 be hool, and Avexe glad, and be 5ong. And bus je haue oure make you
' <-> ' 70 r 7 \vell and
heuene, and fe surene in him fixid, to fe conseruaczouw of mannys 1,°"" ^o'lf'''"'
, T j2 • c 1 1-i.- • L liave the Sun
nature and iixaciou?i 01 oure heuene, pat is, oure q?<nite fixed in our
Heaven.
essence.
16 The science hoAV 38 schule gilde more my3tily by brennynge 'science.'
watir or AA'iA'n ban I taujte you tofore, wherby be water or nowtogua
' 7 -» ' J r Burning
Jje wivTi schal take to it nn^tily ))e influence k, \q vertues ^[^"j^Vore
of fyne gold. " tuoro^^My.
20 Take Jje calx of fy^ gold as it is declarid here-aftir in ]?is Heat calcined
gold in a
book, and putte it in a siluer spone, and anele it at be fier, silver spoon
'^ ■• and put it in
& fanne caste J)e cals of the gold in Jje brennynge watir wluer'or
or m Aviyn .1. tymes, as I tau3te 30U tofore Avijj \q floreyn. and as'witu'thT^'
<-»! 111 ^• 1 ii'i 1--1 florin betore.
2-1 26 schule haue 30ure iicoz^r by au humirid part bettir gilt ban :^e A'our liquor
will he heller
had tofore Avib be floreyn / Forwhi. flerAvorcliib more stroniily r'H. ^stiie
r I J I r c< J hi-e ;„i<l
and bettere *in sotil parties f>an it dui]) in an hool plate / And 7*'foi"ii6]
Ti ,. -i-ii L■^ ^ ■ "■'"« work
also brennynge Avatir or wiyn ilrawip out more my3tily \a a morepower-
f""y on the
28 |)ousand pa?'t Jie propirtees of gold fro smale parties anehd, Jjan grains of gold
it doij) fro a ficke plate / And 30 schal A'ndirstonde ]jat Aviyn p^-!^^^- ^^^^■^^^
not aloonly holdijj in it jje propirtoes of gold, but myche more o\'auVi?iuihie3
fe propirtees of alle liquil)les if ]3ei be quenchid beri».ne. and bat 11"""^ "
IfSatnrn
32 is a souereyn pruiite : Forwhi, if 30 quenche saturne liquified "«"'; ''que-
in wiyn or in coniou?i Avatir ,7. tymes, and aftii'Avard in |5at AA'iyn ?","i',',e'''*
or AA'atir 30 quenche mars manye tymes, Jjaraie mars schal take Mars(h"n)be
- 1 1 1 r e / « 1 qui'Mched in
amate be neischede and be softnes 01 saturne/ And be same it, Mars ac-
^ ' ' ' ' quires the
36 schal venus do, & alle ob^'re linuibles / or ellis, And 5e soilness of
' r 1 / '7 Saturn.
8 TO MAKE FIRE WITH NO FIRE. TO CALCINE GOLD. [Cook L
Afjain, qucnclic mars in wlii:t Aviyn or in coinou?i watir manye tvnies,
if you quench j ^ j ^
Mars ill wine jxj,,| afLirwavd iu be same wiyn or watir le caste saturne lif|?//fiod
anil ])ut 111 It I J 7 1
fu'(V,''iiiis'wm ofte tymcs, panne ^vi)?oute doute 36 schal fynde \■^i fe satnnie
irf \\\aa(l ri^t liard / Tliei'fore j?e })ropirtces of alle liquibles may 4
be brou3t, into "vviyn or watir ; but niyche more my^tily into
brennynge watir good and p?'ecious.
To make fire The sci£'??/'e to makc a fier, bat is, wibonte cole, wz't/ioute
inthout coals, '
lime, light, lynio, Avifoiite li^t, worcliinge ajcns al maner scbarpnes or 8
acCTOii« of visible fier, ri3t as worcbilj J)e fier of belle / And
J)is ]ir/'uytee is so vertuous, yd jjc vcrtu ])('roi may not al be
Mixeqnni decLuid. And bus it is maad. Take IML-rcurie brtt is sublymed
parts of svib- ' .
[* Koi fs.] -yv/t/, vitr/o], *& covion salt, & sat armoniac .7. or .10. tymes 12
liinated Mer- ' ' / >-
anlfsaf"' sublyiiicd / aiul nieynge liein togidere l»y euene porciou??. and
prhiaTi'cm' grynde it snial, and leye it abrood vpon a marbil stoon ; and by
small, ox-
i)()s(. tiicm nyjte sette it i?i a soft deer eir, or ellis in a coold seler ; and \iere
aiHiiiu'vu jj; Avole turne into watir / And banne gadere it togidere in to IG
turn into i j '^ o
"■'"' a strong vessel of glas, and kope it / This wate?" forsojje is so
a drop of strong, ])at if a litil drope pcrof falle vpon 3onre bond, anoon it
wliicli will cat '■ . .,..,.
tiiro'jonr Avolc i)erco it boni2-ont ; and 1/^ be same inancr it wole do, if it
liand, and I t^ ■> ' f »
make Venus f.^]],, viKiii a idate of vcnus Or lubitcr, into bis watir, it turncb 20
(copper) or I 1 > r ' r
iVi!e"i.'rar[."'^ lioiu iiilo lijkiies of pcerl. who so conde reparale & prei)a/'ate
iii..(i,'i'aicd it kyndely f)is lier, wi|}oute doute it wolde que??che anoon a bren-
woiild cure
the disease nynfre sijkiies clepid be fier of hellc And also it Avolde heele
Hell fire, and Jo.) it
si've'^siXness 6ur/'y eoi[u.'<]if sijkiiesse. And manye jihilosophoris clepi]) fis 24
'saiamarus.' J)i//g in licr boolcis ' sal amarus,' al ]7ou3 J)oi teche not pG maistrie
raiie.?''^ai pcrol / If it bc SO ]5rtt fiis firy watir l)reke ))o glas, and rcwne out
Amarus.' . . . pi i- i •
mlo ]>(i aischen, Jiannc gadere alu; togidere pal ^q lynde pastid in
fe aischen / and leyc it vpon a marbil stoon as afore, and it wole 28
cicnce. iiiyi-iQ ii^to watir. And jjis is a greet p?v"uytee.
To calcine ii- i/mij-
gold. The scir'?/Y'e to brynge gold into calx / Take fyn gold, and
Cut Roid into iiiake it into snial lymayl : take a crusibb^ wib a good q?mn-
sliaviiiss; J ,1 r o T.
nucibie'wii^h titec of j\Iercur/(', and sette it to a litil lit'r so fat it vaponre 32
iicat it, and it iiot, and putte brri?nic ))i lymail of gold, and stire it weol togi-
will crumble
(*roi. i.v,.] ,|op,> / $;, aftirward *\vibi/Mie a litil tyino jo schal se al be gold
into dusl like ' ' • ~ r P
j'ieai'itmnrc "wij^i/'iic jje jMej'cuiie tuHicd iuto crjjc as sotil as flour, fiawne
riir.v ^("s'^i'iis jcue it a good fier, ))at \c ^Icrcxwie arise and go his wey ; or ellis, 3G
W11.V;
Book I.] Tf) GKT TITK QUINTE ESSENCE OUT OF GOLD. J
and 2e wole, 2e may distille and ^adere it, puttyncjc her-vpon a ordistiiit
lemLike / and in jje conisilde ^e sclial fynde ])e gold calcyiied and j;;:^;,'';^,;'"^
reducid into ei-|;e / And if ^e wole not make lymayl of gold,
4 baniie make hcroi a sntil bi«ne idate, as 2e lean, and putte Avibi?jne a tiun piate
' I i i- ' J ' ^ ' of gold will
fe llercmia al warm ; and 30 sclial haue ^oure desier / And '^^^^^^^^^^^
in \\% same maner 3c may worche wij? siluir / Thanne take \q treated'iike *
calx of besc two bodies, and l)cre liem openly \\\\ 3011; and \er xocirry
' these powders
8 schal noman knowe what pei ben / And if 36 wole bere hem about,
more prmyly wijjoute ony knowynge, Jjanne mcynge hem wijj ™'^them^
pich melt, ov wex, or ellis gu/Hme, for fianne noman schal knowe "-i^. '■'■ s""'.
it what it is. And wlianne 26 wole dissolue onv of bese calces meitinsr tiie '
^ " mass wlieii
12 by hem silf, putte ei])ir by \\\in silf in a test, or ellis fie pich or y;'^{ J'"" ^''^
f e Avex in which fei bew y?^no ; and auoon schal come out verry
gold & silue?" as ]jei were tofore.
Now I wole teche 2ou be maistrie of departynge of gold nowtosepa-
IG fro siluir Avha/2ne fei be meyngid togidcre / Forsofie 30 woot {^^"'/,^^7J,j
weel \'A ]3cr be manye wcrkis in Jjc whiche gold and siluir '«"f'"±_
be meyn'dil, as in gdtvnge of vessel & lewellis / bo'fore Putthemix-
whanne 30 wole drawe )je toon fro fat o|3ir, putte al )5at mixture ^."{J"',"",;;!'
20 into a strong watir maad of vitriol and of sat petm and pe ti^g ^uvei' w"ii
*siluyr Avole be dissolued, and not pe gold: y^nna 36 haue pat [»foi'. le'.]
oon departid fro fe tojiir / And if 30 Avole dissolue fe gold to con-osivo
watir, putte fa/aie yn fe watir corosyue. Sat a.mioma,c; and pat ^^lj]','y|!''i,;'^^ ^
24 watir Avipoute doute wole dissolue gold into Avatir. tuegoki.
The scie7ie(i to drawe out of fyn gold v*''' e^sencia is pis / 'science*
First 2e schal reduce gold into calx, as I tolde 30U tofore / —
panne take A^nogre distillid, or ellis oold vryne depurid fro pe n'';?;^i'lv''*
28 fecis, and putte it in a uessel glasid ; and pe liquor schal be in *"'"'!:
be heijbe of 4. vnchis : and be/i/nie caste be calx of gold, & goui into dis-
r 7r ~t J ^ r t tilled vinegar
sette it to the strong su?nie in somer tynie, be/-e to abide / and or imiitied
~ •> ' ' I urine ; set it
scone aflir 30 sclial se as it Avere a li(pior of oyle ascende vp, ii'fi},]"^!?"''
32 fletynge aboue in mane/- of a skyn or of a reme. gadere pat aAvey skhn'^ oiir,
T,. - T 1 • L • L ir collect all
Avip a sotu spone or ellis a lepere, and jiutte it into a ucssei 01 such in a
glass vessel
glas in pe which be putt Avatir tofore. and pus gadere it manye till no more
tvnios in be <hiv, into be tvnie \a\j ber ascende nomore / and aftir Evaporate
3G do vapoure awey p(i watir at pe tier. And pe v'" c^encia of pe lea; Hhmc-
10 TO GET THE QUIXTE ESSENCE OUT OF ANTIMONY, &C. [Book I.
is tiie Quinte gold wole abjilc byiicbe. And man3'c pliilosoplioris clepib bis
Ksseiice of
Gold. ([uhita e.-?,-?encia an oile incombustible, ]}at is a greet p/'nivteo /
[> then, MS. . 1 .p ITT.- • I ■ • 1 C <^ ■,.
Hurl.] And II 50 ■\voio fixe bis qn/nta OANvencia ire owe heueiie, voA^ it
Ami if you fix . .
'].''.'^^*'.".'''"'" ^^^'^y wi|)oute doute restore a-^e7i to man fat nature fat is lost, 4
Ti uii'fnrioro ^^^'^ reduce liir/i a3eTO into pe vertu of fe strenkfe of i^ougpe, and
sHvl.^'t'ii of also lenkfif his lijf into fe laste terme of lijf set of god // Now
his voiUli.
f* i'\>\. 106.] forsope I liaue toold 30U fe souereynest *prmytee and restorynge
iu'iTs''m,)st ^^ niannys kynde, and in -part greet fing fat schnlde not be 8
scliewid / Forwlii. f is oyle, fat is to seie, qm'nta e.ssencia of gold.
Now
told this 11
sovoreif^u
soiTel, wliich
sliouUl not he T . 1 , . , i i j i xj • i.„
shewed. iuuli fo moosto swetuos aiul xertii to a-swage and putte awei fe
The Quinte . • i i • l
Kssenceof aclio of wouiidis, aud for to heele woundis, oolde sooris, and
f,'olii is hest to
heal wounds. i;i;,;^nye wouilirful yuelis / Also in fe same maner 30 may drawe 12
out of siluir, (p//ntc e^v-^encie //
Horn to (ret The scieiice to drawe out of antymony, fat is, nK'j'casite
its Quitite Es-
sence out of of locd, te v'''-' e.s',s"encie, is a souereyn maistric, and a p?7uytee
Antimony. ^ ' ' ■^ } i J
I'uti^ieied "^^ ^^^^ pr/uytces / Take fo myn of antymony aforeseid, IG
and make frrof al so sotil a poudre as 30 kan / fanne
take fe bcste vynegre distillid, and putte f('/'i?mo fe poudre
antnnonv
inli) distilled
vinc'^iu'; heat
it till the
viiu'sai" is
red; take ^f antvmonve, and letc it stmule in a glas vpon a litil iier
away the red J .. ' o i
iillt'iiesh';'"' i'lto fo tymc fat fo vynegre be colourid roed. fanne take f(^t 20
away wiien vyucgrc awcv, aiid kopc it clenc, and putte 33811 fer-to of ofcre
red vinegar vvnefrrc distilllil, and lete it stonde vpon a soft her til it be
into a dis- Jo' i
Vu'oo din'''^ of colourid reed. & so do ofte tymes. and whannc 30 haue gaderid
shTireoiiie"'' fil ^oure vynegre colourid, putte it fanne in a distillatorie. and 24
v'ipe; eoiieet fii'st fo vyuegro wolc ascciide ; fanne afte?- 30 schal se merueilis :
tins ; it is an _ , . , .
ine(.niparabie for 2c sclial SO as it Avcrc a bousand dropis of blessid wivn
ireasuie. -' / j. ./
discondo doun in manor of reed tliopis, as it -were blood, by
fe pipe of fe lymbike / fe wliich licowr, gadere togidore in a 28
rotu»d)o / and fanne 30 haue a f ing fat al f e tresour of f 0 world
[Xo<(T.] may not 1)0 in Cdiiiparisou^i of worfines ftrto / aristo/le seif fat
[» Foi. 17.] it is his lede in fe book of secretis, al f 0U3 he * telle not fe naiiio
It cures the of f c antyuionyc aforseid / Forsof e f is doif awey ache of alle 32
)iaiii of all ... ., ,
wounds, woundis, and wondirfully heelif. fe vertu fe/-of is incorruptible
nndwhenfei- i^ moruoilo^.N' prf^litablc / it nedit to be putrified in a rotonibe
iiieiiled It . , . • i / T-«
works ^'rcat and seelid in fyme, and fanne it worohif gieot ]iraiytees / l^or-
sofo fo V*" e-S6'cncia of f is antymony fat is recti, in fe wliich is 3G
Book I.] TO EXTRACT THE QUINTE ESSENCE FROU MAN's BLOOD. 1 1
Jje secreet of alle socretis, is swottere Jjau ony liony, or sngre, or
Ony 0))ir piug. 'Science.'
The science in the extracciouu of be .c;^ es.'^encie from blood, now to an
I -^ Its QuiH/e
1 and fleisch, & eggis / To 30U I seie, ]iat in eue?'y elementid ^lan'Tstood.
})ing, J)e .5. e^sencie remayne]) incorrupte : it schal be Jjanne
\iQ moost ]3i«g of nierueyle if I teche 30U to drawe out fiat
fro mannys blond reserued of Barbouris whanne fei lete blood ;
8 also fro fleisch of alle brute beestis, and fro alle eggis, and oj^ere
suche bingis. for als niyclie as nianues blood is jjo pertitist werk Man's biond
is tlie pertw't-
of Ivvnde in us, as to be encrees of bat bat is lost, it is certeyu est w(iri< ..r
•' ' ' r r ' d natnre in us,
Jjat nature jjat .5. e.^.b-ence niaad so perfi3t pat, Avifioute ony o|jir Ksseno^oon-"
12 greet preparacioun wijjoute Jje veynes, it berijj for]? Jjat blood intoWi'™
anoou aftir into fleisch. and pis 5 e6>'ence is so ny^ kynde )?at
[itl is moost to liaue- / Forwiiy. in it is merueylous vertu of oure and worUs di-
vine miracles
heuene sterrid, and to be cure of nature of man worcliib moost of healing.
16 deuyn myraclis, as wipi/aie I schal teclie 30U / perfore resceyue ofyou'ns^'s'.n-
of Barbouris, of 3ong sangueyn \mm, or colerik men, whaHue fxu wTiiVtami;
be late blood, be which vse good wyncs. take bat blood aftir bat si-mni; mix
it hab reste, and cast awey be watir fro it, and braie it wib be " jtii ;> fc"t_''
J ' J I ' J r (ii ])re|iave(l
20 .10. prt/'t of Cornell salt pyvparate to medicyns of men; and putte ii'.'.'Vni'pi'mrar
it into a uessel of glas clepid amphora, pe which, sotely seele, inuit'ina''
liorse's belly,
and putte it wibiune be *wombc of an hors, pj'eparate as to fore, [* i''"'- ''''•^
^ •■ ' '11 renewing' the
and remnve pe fyme oonys in pe wike, or more, and lete it ','i'ii".7ii"'ji7J''-^
24 putrifie til al pa blood be turned into watir / and it schal be doou 'n'tli'waier;
, . , , - . distil that ;
at pe mooste in xxx. or xl dayes, or attn-, more or las-e / panne inn iheont-
putte it in a lembike, and distille it at a good fier / what so euere
may ascende, putte pat watir vpon pe focis brayed, mey»gyuge
28 vpon a marbil stoon ; putte it a3en, and aftir distille it a3en
manye tymes rehersynge / And whanne 3e haue pis noble ping
of blooil, pei'of pe .5. beynge drawe out / putte a3cn pe watir in Heat the
wati-r in the
pe stillatorie of circulaciou?i til 3e brynge it to so myche swetnes 'li^t'ji;''- ti" 't
32 & an heuenly sauour, as 30 dide pe brennynge watir. and pis is
till
pnuuilcd
la'ucs, and
distil over
airain.
i to a
heavenly sa-
viiiii'. i'liis
iMllh Heiiiif
pe 5 beynge of blood deuyn, and miraclis more pan man mai w'oiusni
cles hai-il
credible
less seen
., 1 . •(• 1 •. cles liai-dly
llf'Ue Imt II JlO SO it. credible un-
^ 5 ^^^' fift^'i ov qiiuUc.
^ MS. llail. reads 'aud this liftc beiuge bo nighc khidc it is most to liaue.'
12 TO GET THE QUIXTE ESSKXCE OUT OF BEASTS AXD THE 4 ELEMENTS. [Book I.
— Kow w(.>lc I teche 20\i to drawe out be .■; beyncfe from
To gH thn ' i ^ ^ o
QuinteKs- capoiiws, lu!//iic'S, .111(1 al luane;' fleisch of Ernt beestis, and
tence out of ^ ^ ^
hZTt','eoos fi''»in al in;incr (\ti:gis of foulis fiat lieu holsuni and mcdicyii-
'".■ - — , able to etc ior man kyiido / Grynde supreme of bese bingis 4
Gniid some of j i j r t ^
tenui part of foi'scid, Avliicli fiat ^c wil, as strongly as 30 can in a morter, wif)
saiT^'put 'em fe 10 i)rtrt of lii?» of sal comen preparate to pe medicyne of
iiitii .1 horse's ., . ,
iiciiy till tiipy me??, as I seide tofove. ijuttc it in be wombe of an iiors til it be
un(i,iisuitii:it turned into Avater. distille as it is aforeseid, and in be stillatorie 8
111! it s lieu- ' >
ven-sweet. ^j cii'culac/ou?i fc Avatii' fat is distillid, putte it in a3en til it be
br(iu;t to fc swete lieiicnly sauour and smel afoi'cseid /
'science.' The scienoe to drawe out fe 5 beynge of euerydi of fe .4
To draw the elemcntis, and to .schewo eu^rvcli of be forseid bing bi \\&m 12
FiStli Jintig ' ^ r X a
"oftfeFour ^^^^ '; ^ K^^ is ii3t nierueylous / I wole not leue for a litil to
amitosepa- scliewe a greet seereet, how ^(^ may drawe out pe 5 beynge 01
rate them. , . , „ , . i i
— ech of fe 4 elementis or al fe fing reliersia afore, and p?'ontably
[* Foi. 18.] schewe hem / And fe maner ys *fis / take pat fiiig putrified IG
uiinRToUed <'^i"l^ bruu^t iuto watir, what so eurre 30 wole, as I taii3tc 3011
into water, as tofoi'c ; and fat fing be mannes blood brou3t into watir, of fe
man's blood; ...
i)ut it in a wliich 26 wole drawe out be 4 dementis / putte bmore bat
Kliiss distiller, ' r ^ i i r r
oveViirtoMi ■^vatcr, or fat blood putriliod, in a stillatorie of glas, and setlc 20
ampiH.ra. ^^ ^vifi;nle a pott of watir, and 3eue vndirnefe a fier til fe Avatir
(if blood be distillid by fe pipe of }>e lembike into a glas clepid
wiien IK) ani]ih(i/-a, ri3t clcne / And whanne no bing may more by bat fier
more vajjour J ^ /
rises vou asceiidc, for corteyn je hane of blood drawen out al oonly be 24
have drawn > J 7 J r
outu.ewater. (,](,jjjg]jt of watir / [Forwlii. fier of f>at bath hath no strcnkfe to
Tnt tiio oilier sublyiiie cyr, or fier, or crbc and so ftakel bo bre elementis, and
:! elements J J i ' ; L J r / ^
lorTdays settc in be same bath liv .vii. daves bat bei be weel meyngid, Sc
into llie same / . .1 . r r j o j
''"'"'' so cloos f'/t no fing be distillifl / aftir fe .vij. dayes take fo 28
tiioniiitoa .stillatorie, and imtte it to be fier of aischen, brtt is strongere ba^i
c .al lire, and ^ ' ' " '
the water ^xQx of baili elei)id mavien ; and be watir sclial ascende in foormo
shall rise as i ' f
.like^'goid."'' of oyle schynynge as gold / and aftirward fat no fing more schal
ascende, 30 liaue fanne in ])e ampulle .ij. elementis, fat is to seie, 32
watir and oyr. & oon from anofir 3c schal departe in f>e bath,
file air re- puttyiMT^c vii ajeii wher al-oonly be cleer watir sclial ascende/
Uiaiiiins; at ^ "' " " "^ . _
the bottom j|,i(| |„> pyi. sc]ial al-oonly remayne in be botiw» of be ves.scl in
like oil of r J J •! f !
fbeseas'ide. lijkncssc of oylc of gold. fe which oyle fat is gold, fe which oyJe 36
Book I.] HOW TO FIX OTHER THINGS IX OUR QUINTE ESSENCE. 13
bat is avr / putto it aside, banne ler Iceueb jitt fier wib erbe. To separate
to (lepa?-te fier from crj^e, putte fe element of watir, pat is to f{,s'ut w-ltet
seye .iiij fi) of watir, v])oii j ft of raati?r / and putte by .vij. dales eaiti. ;' place
.. Till- • - I \i • 1 it in tlie Ma-
4 to encorpe;'e "\vel as toiore ui be batJi oi marien / Aitu'wara lian iwtii lor
^ -^ 7 days ; tlieii
putte it to be fier of flawme rist strong, and bo reed wate>- schal in hot names;
^ -T ^ o7 X j.gj water
ascende. be which sradere togidcre as lon^e as ony *biug asccndib. ^'"'" "i^<^eiKi
... , . , [* Fol. ISi.]
and to 30U schal remayne an erj^e ri3t hlak in jje botum. J)c which „,„j ,,1^,^^,.
8 gadere togidere aside / jjanne jje redeste watir je schal take. forwl)y. rut tiie red
, water into
ber be .ii. eleme??tis, bat is to seie, be clement of watir and lier. thetUstiUerj
> •' ' ' ' pure water
Jja/me yn J>e stillatorie, to pe fier of ha]), cleer watir schal asende. ^^'.'.;l"l!''o';.'fi,*e^
and in pe botu?M schal remayne j^e reed watir, ])at is, \ig element ^ " lemam,
12 of fier. and so 2e haue now first oon oyle, bat is, ayer o side, and so you have
the4Kle-
watir, and fier, and erbe. and note je weel bat berfore te element "^'^"^^
' ' r ? r r r separate.
of watir is putt a^c^ to drawc out from erpe fier and eyr, for fiei
wole not ascende, but boriij be help of element of watir. bryngo Distiieacu
' T 7 r l ^ ^ JO into its Quiiite
16 a^CH euerych into 5 beynge wij) pe vessel of circulacioun as to- J'^^t^|"'^t "ij^^
fore / or ellis rectifie, makynge oon ascende .7 tymcs l)i an opir /
but first 30 moste fe rijt blak er|?e of oon hide^ nature, in fie
furneys of glas mon^, or ellis reuerberaG/ou?i, xxj. dayes calcyne /
20 And f(n" a cause I spekc to 2ou nomore of this science, but thank ourdo-
^ -^ rious God tor
ioie 36, and thanke oure glorioM.v lord god of fese Jiingis Jjat knowledge
30 haue had.
The science to fixe alle erbcly biuLris in no.s/ra 1;"^ e»"encia, To/i.ran
24 J)at is to seie, out-a heueiie, jjat by her influence jjci may 3eue "',',' nVi'^'^e
jjerto J)er prope/'tees and her liid vertues / oure glorious god -^'*'''^'^
-1 ti ■ i. Ui-j- 1 Godhasgiven
liab 3eue sich a uertu to oure q?iaita e^wence, pat it may drawe it the power
of drawing all
out of euery matier of fruyjt / tree / rote / flour, herbe / fleisch, tiie virtues
J .1 ? I I I ^ I ' m,(, „t every
28 seed & spice / And euery medicyuable Jjing, alle ]m vertues, ^o'ui^s."'*
propirtees, and naturis, Jie Avhiche god made in he»*;.and jjat
Avi})iKiie .iij. houris.
Xow I haue schewid lou a souereyn pruiytcc, how b(^t 20 I'ut fhcrefore
32 may wib oure hcuenc drawe out eue?'v K essencia from alle "e'^ss^^y tor
J I w ^ any syi up in-
jjiugis aforeseid / ))e/-forc alle necessarie fingis to euery syrup Kssenee."a.nd
,, • P •, • ■••1 - I. i i • 1 1 '" •' liii'irsit
l)utte yn oure 5 Ci'^cncic, ifc wipiwne .iij. liouris pat watir scliai shall he 100
times better
be sich a sirup, vndirstoudc wel, bettir by an hundrid part, by than before.
^ of viikiude natuer, Harl. 853. * of fflasse made. Harl. 853.
14 OUR QUINTE ESSENCE IMPROVES EVERYTHIXG lOO FOLD. [Book I.
[* Foi. 19.] causo of ouro 5 ey.s-encie, fan it *scliuldc be wi))oute it / And
wiiatever SO I scie of medicyns comfortatyues, digestyiies, laxatyues, re-
jneilicines are
put '''lo our strz'ktyucs, and alle oferc ; forwliy. if je putte secdis or flouris,
eeiice, fruy^tis, Iceues, spicis, coold, lioot, sweet, souv, inoist, do pei 4
good 01' yuel, i?(to owe 5 e*'6"eiicic, forsojje sicli 5 essence 30
schulen liane fierfore. oure 5 esi'encie is jie instrument of alle
it increases vc^'tues of Jji^/g trflnsiiiutahle if fiei be putt in it, encreessynge
tlieir power a
iiundred fold, au hu??drid foold lier worchingis // 8
End of ran I. iSxplicit p«^-s \irma tractatus q^^mtc cyycnric:
Book II.] TO MAKE OLD MEN TOUXG, AXD DTIXG 0XE3 WELL. 15
BOOK II.
Here bicrvunsth the secnnde hook of medicyns / The first To restore an
^'^ "' ' 0/(1 evan/71'He
medicj'Ti is to reduce an odd fehle euangelik man to fe firste ™^",/°;J*^
strenkfe of 3ong)?e / Also to restore a3en his nat?<?-c ])at is *"2'^-
4 lost, and to lenkj^e his lijf in greet gladnesse and p'=/fi3te heele
vnto be laste teerme of his liif bat is sett of god / ^e schal take Give him our
^ _ ■' '^ o / ^ Quinte Es-
oure 5** essencie aforeseid, pat is to seye, mannys heuene, and ^^"^^g ^'[Jj^j
])ennne putte a litil q?(antite of 5 essencia of gold and of pcerl. of oo[ji'and
8 and pc oolde fehle man schal vse J)is deuyn drynk at morn and
at euen, ech tvnie a walnote-schelle fulle / and wibi;me a fewe awainut-sheii
" full at morn
dayes he schal so hooP fat he schal fele him silf of )?e statt and ^"g^^'j^^^g^jj^
J)e strenkjje of xl 3eer ; and he schal haue greet ioie fat he is 4!] yLu-foTd'^
. ,,, ,. J. ., Then let him
12 come to be statt of 3ongbe. And wiianne his 3ongpe is rccouerid, takeuttieof
our Quinte
and his nature restorid, and heeljje had, it is nedeful ))at litil and Essence,
seelde he vse =; e.<?sence / Also it is nedeful bat he vse of te good only that of
•J I r o Goldingoo.l
■\viyn at his mete and at be soper, in be which be fixid be 5. wine at dinner
•' r i ' r r •J and supper.
16 essence of gold, as I tau3te 3011 tofore.
The secunde *medicvn is to heele a man, and make hym '2^. «<>.'
' "^ [♦ Fol. 196.]
lyue, fat is almoost consumed in nature, and so ny3 deed pat j,„^~^
he is forsake of lechis. but if it be pe laste teerme of his lijf ft^to'"^""^
20 sett of god, 3e schal 3eue hi»i cure qtiinte: es.^euce of gold wip a — ^
Give him
litil quantite of watir of celendoyn 3drawe, and meynge it wip Q"'"teEs-
Jje opere pingis aforeseid / and anoon as pe sike hath resceyued dovn.'*^*''"
it into his stomak, it 3eue|) to f>e herte influence of naturel heete dinewat'er',
24 and of liif. and banne 2e schal se hi??i rise vp and speke, and and he shall
'' ' ■' -^ -^ rise up and
wondirfully be comfortid and strenkpid perby // panne comforte ^^^g'^ comfort
him wip ministracioure of oiire q^t/nte essencie afore seid, and he Qu"nte'ys°"'^
sclial be al hool / but if it be so pat god wole algatis pat he schal shaiiheouied,
unless God
28 die / And I seie to 30U truly, pat pis is pe hi3este niaistr/e pat ^nis he shaii
may be in transmutaciou?* of kynde ; for ri3t fewe lechis now ^^w know *
, 1 , • • 1 this highest
lyuynge knowe pis p?7uytee. secret.
^ ? ' be so hool.' Or is hool a verb, become whole, recover ?
IG now TO CURE LEPROSY AND PALSY. [Book IL
'3a. Mc.' Tlie fiiidde niedicyii is to cnie pe lepre fat is causid of
LeirZ'i 7/uit. (=oi'i""P'^'*^"^'^ '^''^'^ putrifixccioiiu of ony of j^e principal huinouris
rottenZl''^ of iiiau ; but iiot f)e Icju'i! pat come]) to man of kyiide of
J^ J3o fadir and of pc modir leprous, — for it is callid morbus 4
licreilitwi.', — ne fii; lepro pat is sent of god by his plage, but jjat
TTseour Viciit is causid oonly of rotu?? liumo«ris / take oure e. essence
Qiiiiito Ks- . . ...
n osr'(i"'('ioki ^f'5i'<'st'id, wip po (pw'ule e,s'i.'cnc6' of goold and peerl, a litil ([uaniite
and Pearl; .^^ oouys, and vsc it in manor as I seide afore / and Avij^i/aic a 8
(or Bmniiif; fewe (laies lie sclial bo pr^-tilv liool bfirof. and if 2o haue non
Water, if you i J r }
have no
Quinte Es-
sence.)
})/v])i'/yate redy oure 5 Ocsvsonce, jjanne take in pe stidc p^roi fyn
bre/aiyz/ge watir / but ])at opev is bettere.
wasii tiie Also, draAvo a Avatcr of bo fruvH of strawbery or mulbery 12
leiicr with ' r J ) ...
strMwiHiryor ^y^^ wliaiino it is rii)e, and waisclie be lepre b^'rwib. bis watir
is of great'^ is of SO greet vertu ', for a souereyn maistir took it a leprous
^p'foI 90] *woninian, pat wij) pe waiscliinge oonly of pis watir, -witZ/ynue
but is much scliort tymc was maad al liool / but sikirly pe vertu perof is 1 G
encrrascil liy
ourcjuinte, mvebo Avortli if it bo mevii''id w^'tA oiiro i^ es^^once, or ellis
brennyngo watir ; and panno it sclial be no node to vse in pis
pr/'ilous cure, venemys, as suHuno lecliis doon.
4a. Mo. 'J'lie 4 medicyn is to cun^ ])alsie vniuorsel. Forsope alio 20
To cure Pal- plulosoplioris soyn pat pe palesyo vniuersel comep of liabou«d-
comegfrom mvice of \isco?is liumouris closvnge be metis of vertu a7a;nak',
vtscoHS fill- .. n r '
Thep'fsTacf sensityuc, and niotyuo. And perforo it is necessarie pat po
2>ower. pingis pat sclial cure pis sijknes be temperate, hoot, and moist, 24
Biosseci be and a litil attractyue, and to pe »\nous confortatyue / Therfore,
C^uind' Ks-
I will
Idossid be god, makere of kynde, pat ordeynede for pe ma?^
panUitif.'" ]i'(/'alitikc oure 5 e^'^'ence aforseid. pat soucreynly to hun c.om-
oiriute Es-"' I'ortynge, restorynge, and temptratly worcliynge / pcrfore lixe 28
i^IoThhluKind pe/-i/aie pe 5 eweuce of po la.\atyaes pat purgen flewnie &
irGo<iwiii, ' viscous huniouris, as a lilil of euforljie, or turbit, or sainbucy.
the p-'''^iii' iV' baiine wiboute doute, if god Avole, be pamlitik man schal be
man ^ll:lll he ' ' ' a ' m •■
n.ake'hima' ^^^^^ ^^^^j' couifortynge and restorynge of kynde, if 30 make him 32
•Noca/yuo/ a stcwo lioot and moist with herbis, pat is to seye, eerbe yue,
andsi'igc. tfc^saugc, pat liaue an hcuenly strenkpe to comforte pe joynctis,
QuinufEs- ^ po senowis, and po vertu motyue. and if 30 haue not redi
lirink ihnu- prcpc^'atc ouro 5 C6'6'cnce, panne take fyn brennyngo watir til it 3C
ing Water
Book IL] TO CURE CONSUMPTION AND DRIVE A"\VAY DEVILS. 17
be recly, and Icte bo pacient drynko berof a litil in fyn wiyn. in fine wine,
and also he schal waisclie al liis body and his extremytees AviJ? JJ^';.',",;";;,"'
brennynge watir ofte tymes. and h^te him vse fis a good Avhile, "'"'''"■
4 & he schal be hool. /
*The .<, medicvn for a man bat is almoost al co?isumed, [*Fo1. 2u6.]
J J T ' '5. Me.'
& Avaastid in al his body, and rijt leene, as fat man pat y^^^T^j
hath \>e tisik & ])e etik / Forsofe fe veny cure to hcele him girX'i™""
8 is onre 5 e^'-yencfi / Forwhi. it comfortib be feble nature ; and ' —
Mix with oiu-
\)G nature fat is lost it restorif, & so restorid it preseruejj / QninteEs-
And Jjcrfore if 30 wol restore fe fleisch of a leene niannys body
almoost consumed awey, drawe banne a watir of celidoyne, and 'Ceiidoyne.'
•J ^ ' ■'a little celaii-
12 take Tperoi a litil qwimtite, and meynge Avif oure 5 essence if ^e J'ne water;
haue it redy, or brennynge watir in stide ferof, and 3eue it him give it the
to dri?tke; and wij)i?ine fewe dayes he schal be wondirfully {j^ ^^q"," e,™'''
restorid and fat, " ^
16 The .6. niedicyn for passiou?is of frenesie^ ft)ly> yi'igy'ifi- '.6. mo.'
c/ou?is and noyous vcxactou?;s of deuelis, and also for be ToenreFren-
•^ ' ' SI/, Gout, Olid
goute als weel hoot as coold. certeyn experience techif fat *^°"ii'/' ■^''°'"'
colerik men 3euof to suHune ymagynac/ou?«s ; and sangueyn 'coieHk^.'
. . ' Sangueyn.'
20 }ne». be?; ocupied aboute summe obr^re ymagynaciou?<s : & 3itt 'Fiemna-
'■ 1 1/ Lj. ^ tyke.'
llewmatik men aboute obe/-e / but bo men bat habounde in blak ;wakocoier'
coler, fat is, malencoly, ben occupied a frjusa/?d part wif mo JJioiy meli'a,'e
,,.,, J, , ,. /T7>i-T.i. tnmbleil more
fou3tis fan ben men of ony oper complexion??, / i^orwhi. pat with anxieties
than any
24 humour of blak color is so noyous, f ((t if it a-bounde and a-sende otiiers,
vp to fe heed, it troublif alio fc my3tis of fe brayn,engcndrynge
noyous yraagyuaciou^s, bryugynge yn horrible fon3tis bofe 'Notase-
wakynge and slepingo ; and siclie nianer of men ben born vndir beinK imrn
• 1 • T T / T' under 'Sa-
28 fe coiistillacioun of saturne, the wickide planete / lorsofo, to turne, a
siche men deuelis wole gladly appere, & mi?i/ste?' to hem* her ''r';''J^','|.f'J,,,,,,-]
py/uy te»?ptaciou»s wifi??nc fe cours of her f ou3iis ; and fosc 'p',u.!u- ni'''^
men fus * turinentid wif fe passiou??s of malencoly comou?dy tempt tiiem.
32 speke wif hem, stryue and dispute wif hem silf wlianne fei be
adoone, fat ofte tymes ofe?'c folk may heere it / These maner so that they
often tall into
of me?i fat ben f ?<s turinentid, as weel by passioun of malencoly jie^pair aiui
as of deuelis, ofte tymes fulle in dispeir, and at fe laste sle hem s'^'^'^s-
36 silf / fe pe?-fi3t cure of alle fesc is oure 5 es.sencie auri et ourQuinte
QUINTE ESSENCE. C
18 TO CURE MELANCHOLY AND DRIVE OUT TROUBLES FROM DEVILS. [Book XL
Essence of r)eyela,ru/n, or ellis brennyncre watir in stide bt'/-of, in be whiclie
Gold and ^ ' '' ° f ' r ^
Pearls, with a ^q f^^e solil as it is aforosciil, wheriHne be putt a litil of senn or
little senna or ? ~ ' i
lapis lazuli. ^vatij. of frujuiityr, or poudre of lajiis lasuly, or ellis medulla?^
ebuli, and vse it discreetly, forwhy. not al oonly oiire quinte 4
Burning cssence auri et pe/'ela?"M)?i lieelith bese disesis. / but also brennync^e
Water, with a ^ r I Jo
purse, will watir in be which "old is fixid, heelib hem, wib a litil of bo
also cure > o ' r > r r
eases.*^'*' fiugis \ai purgcu and casten out blak coler sup^'/'fliie, i^: hell})
))e splcne. 8
These me<ii- Forsobe bt'so medicyus puttib awey wickid boujtis and an
cines jiut
away wicUed hcuy licrtc lualcncolious I bei cladith and dense be brayn and
thoughts, and "^ J r C' r J
meiTy'ones; ^^^^ •'^'^^ rny3tis, and brynge yn gladnes and nicrye J)0U3tis.
devils' tanpt- Jjci putto awcy also fe craft of fe feendis teraptac20U7is, and 12
atioiis and . „,.. .,..„
despair, and yiuagynaciouns of dis})eir. bei distroie, & make a man to loriete
hrinfi a man " '' J- J ■>
to reason. almauer of yueles, and naturaly bryngif him ajcn to resonable
• saturne. y.' witt. and for as myche as saturne fe planete naturaly ys coold
Saturn is an
enemy to all and dr3'c, and is enemye to al kyndc / Forwhy, cuery snow, IG
cucry hayl, euery tempest, & also pe humour of malencoly
and has power comeb of \\\ui. & he hab his influence vpon derk leed, &
over foul
[»Foi. 216.] vpon derk *placis vnder fe crf^, foule and stynkynge, and derko
^vttal'patrum ^^'^^^^i ^^^'^ vpou foulc, horrible, solitarie placis, as it is preued in 20
^"^^' vitas patru??i, J)at is to seye, in lyues & colac/ou?«s of fadris /
The Moon too And also J>e moone, naturely coold and moist, haf his influence
Is full of bane. . .
vpon fe ny3t, and vpon niyche moisture, and vpon fe placis
wha?me 4. weyes metij) togidere. forsofe in alia siche placis Jjei 24
wole a-bidc and sclicwe hem to her foloweris / but forsofe Jjo
•.Tubiterand biimis bat ben of be nature of lubiter and of sol, goode planetis,
Sol I .n.' . . . .
Jupiter and ^xiiQ displesyugc to hi»?, and contrarie, and naturaly deuclis fle
make devils '"^"^^"^1 fro \\Qin, for fei haue greet abhominaciou?^ of |)er vertuous 28
influence / Jjc^rforc it schewijj weel fat fo fiugis pat ben in fis
andbetoKcn world, sujjimc ber ben fat bitokene fe glorious yoie of heuene,
the joy of
heaven, and su??ime J)ing fat figure fe derknesse of euerlastyngc peynes
of helle / Forsofe fe su?«ne and iubiter, goode planetis, & 32
gold, pure metal, and alle pure ))i/?gis fat gladen a man, figu-
as Saturn and lynge by lesou?* fo iuie of heuene / and blak Saturne, and fe
the Moon do
!>«"• ^ spotty moone, figure I'c bitolcene fe condiciou« of helle / and
' Erf = ci^c.
1?.<JK II.] TO CURE TUE GOUT AST) ITCH, AND KILL LICE. 19
sib bat deuelis be clampned, it ful of wreche of helle, bcrfore Devils hate
' '^ ^ ' . the joys of
bei hate be clennesse & bo ioie of oure lord sod & of hise p^d aiici the
t r I o bii),'litiiess of
seyntis / also Jjei haten ])e su?uie and his clcenies, and pure [hey*'i"iUht
4 bi»gis brtt niakr-n a ntau glad. ;ind naturaly it plesi]) \icm to places, aiui
inelaiioholy
dwelle in dork, & in blak, orriblc, stynkynge placis, in hcny- andheii-iike
nessc, wreche, & malencoly, & in ])o Jjingis pat pretende pe But our
condiciouM of hoUe / And sib oure 5. es6'ence aforeseid is so senceis
heavenly,
8 heuenly a ping, & by sotil craft *brou3t to so niyclie swetncs, ,4* *',''■ -"^^"^f
it is so souereyn a medicyM Jjat it may weel be lijkned to pe ioie aHv^tawily '^
of paradice. forwhi, it makij) a man lijt, iocunde, glad, and t"at*'aevas''
p • 1 1 1 1 r love, so that
mene, & puttijj awey hcuynesse^ angre, melencoly, & wra)))je, itistiiiy
12 J?e whiche )3at deuelis loue / et ideo na-^^ra 5 e.s.senc/a digne Heave.i.'
vocatwr celu/y^ hiimanu/« / Also if a man be traueylid wi|5 a to deliver a
man from a
fccnd, and may not be delvuerid fro hi;?i, lete hi??i dri?dcc a litil tievii,— give
' J ■J ' liim some of
quantite of oure 5 e6^6'ence, wij) 5 essence of gold & peerl, and Kssem""with
16 wij) an eerbe callid ypericon, i.[e.j fuga demonu/??, and po. seed
' fu<,'a (le-
monuw '
berof grounden & aftirward distillid, & be watir b'//-of a litil andpeaii.
and St.
quantite medlid wifi pc ojjere 5"^ essenciV-y ; and anoon pa deuel ^°'J^^^ ^J""^
wole fie awey fro him & fro his hous. wuiVeeityl
20 Also for pQ goute, hoot or cold, f>e pacient' sclial drynke to mre the
Gout.
oure t;. essence "wib a litil (|?iantitc at oouys of be letuarie de —
-^ r 1 J r Take a little
succo Yos'druin. and lete him vse bis letuarie a litil at oonys ech Q"'"'" "^f-
/ J sciice and
opei'G day, til supe/'fiue humouris be purgid / but he schal vse eicrtnaly,''
CI 4 1 T I •^ p • 1 Clip '""' '"*'" ''"''y
Ji eu^^ry tlay a liiil 01 oure 5. essence wihli 5 essence 01 gold & om Quinte
Kssence with
peerle; & wijji/ine a fewe dayes J)e pacient schal be hool. // that of Gold
The .7. medicyn, for to heele ycche, & for to distr/e lics^ '.7. M"-.'
bat ben engendrid of corrui)t humouris. take ourt; c; essence To cure the
28 bi hi/rt silf adoone, and vse to drynke perol a litil quantite »ti-oyj^e.
at oonys / and take also a litil q?<raitite of Uer[curleV[. & Kcv^'"""
mortiiie it wijj fastynge spotil, & medle it wij) a good quantite with spittle,
1 houynesse MS.
- "A lous is a worme with manye fete, & it co»imeth out of the filtlii and
oncleno skytme, & oftentyme.s for fauto of atendamice they come out of the
fle.sshe through the skynne or swot holes.
To withdryue them / The best is for to wasshe the ofte?ttimes, and to
chaungc oftentymes clene lynen." — The noble lyfc avd nalttre of man, Of
beaks, ser2)cnhj.'i, foiclcs, andfisshcs ?/* he moste knoicen. C'apitnlo. C. xi.x.
C 2
20 TO CURE QUARTAN FEVER, [Book II.
siiivesaore of poudrc of stafi-saOTe, t^ baniu! iiut it in to a "roet q^tantite
tiie body 0^'' °^ bre?niynge \vat«', & jjaiine waisclie al liis body, or cllis )5e
f'lie'itdl'and heed where fie iccho & Jjc lies ben. & vse J)is medicyn .2. or
i*Fo\.iiij.] 3. & f»e sijk *inan schal be liool. 4
'.8"i. Me.' The .8. medicyn for to cure 'the quarteyn and alle be
' teller i\iiar-
i"'"^-^ passionns ]3«t comej) of niale/zcoly in mannys body ; and Jie
qlartan Hiaistrie to p?f/'ge nialeucoly. and 30 schal vndivstonde fat })e
'"'*'_L_ qiiartejn is gendrid of myclie haboundau?ice of malencolye ))'.it 8
' ye qwaiten . i r • i
is intjeiuiyia IS con'u?npid wit/iVHiiQ bc bodv. and for bis humour is erbcly,
of Muiyii- 1 . r J r r ji
!',m'-^'v, . coold, & drie, of be nature of sloAve saturne, berfore be accesse
llie Quartan ' ' r ' r r
uTnniX" of fis sijknes ben slowe, and it durij) comou?/ly yn a man a ^oer
aii(ii\sisa ' or more, and it ])utti|3 fro him gladnosse, & bryngi)) yn heuynes 12
year or more.
To cure it morc J)an oppfG feueris do/ If je wole heele J)is sijknes in schort
[* Poiir] tyme, lete be V)acient vse to drynke oon* K essence, and he schal
drink otir J i r l J J '
since^*^^' ^^' ^^ ^^^^^ hastily / forwhi ; it consume]) J)e corrupt superfine
humouris, d; reducit nature to eq?i',dite, and bryngi)? yn glad- 16
if yon have it nes.<se, & cliasi]) a-wcy heuyues & malencolie. and if it so be
not, put pitli
ofwiiin' b.ft 20 hauc iiou:t oure c; e.s^-cncfi / baune take i lb of be bests
w-'t'cr'mid bre?niynge watir, and \ieninie puttu uiedullani cbuli, and namely
mu-sheii'i'uii ]>o. Avliite, if 30 may may liaue it / of )>is watir ^eue to pG pacient, 20
niornin<j and i 1 1 r i i 1 i i
evening. luorowe and 0110??, a ■\valnot-schelle ful at oonys. and lie schal
Or, take bc al liool / r)r ellis bus: take Avliat bi??'jr ?e Avole bat purgib
wliatevor ' '^ _ . rior
pinps black iiialencolyo, aud pulto a litil b''''of into bro?nivnge watir, &
clioler, i)ut It ^ ' 1 r u >-? >
Wa"c'r""iiaife "^'•''^ ]"'^ laxatif uiuad inti) smalo pelotis, wijsly resceyuy??g ri^t a 24
of it, ami take litil at oonys, as oon litil pelot, and p?-eue ferby how it worchi]?,
one, and then . . « . ,
two, gradu- J)a??ne anojje?' tyine .ij. at oonys, if it be nede / so jjat pe mater
be a litil digestid and a litil egcstid. for bettere it is to worchc
a litil & a litil at oony?*, ]jan sodeynly greue )?e nature, forwlii, 28
[*Foi. 2:i.] two litil i)elotis la.\atif meyngid wi)? bre??ny??ge watir *'wole
worchc more my^tily pan .8. pelotis wole do bi hcui silf /
'Notafory« Al.so plulosoplioris seyii bat a tnob drawo out froui a niivk
q«(irtene. i i j i r i .
It is said tii.at bocst, bom viiou a man, di'lyiicrib IVo be quarteyn/ Also 32
a toolb from ' ^ . . .
i" I' Is ir'"' |)oi soyn pid if po yuis of pa oerbe ])at is callid morsus galli??e
tiiTii'dreof'"^ riili/i bo putt ill hise no.se-))rillis whanne he bigynneth to sullVe
cbirkacrd pe acc,os.sc of pn q'/'n'toyu, lie .'^chal bo liuol, wij? J-c g?v?ce of
put ill a man's " ^
nostrils. ''im\. ,io
Cook II.] TO CURE CONTINUAL, TERTI.VN, AND DAILY FEVERS. 21
TliL" iiK'difyu to hciilo ]>e fciuro contynuel^'. alio pliilo- '0".ni"-'
sophoris seyu pat \)G hwere contynuele is ge//drid of putri- ,^J'„^',"''^™.";
fiiccioiin of blood and of corrupcieu?i of humouris in it / a a,i^iv,.iu
4 berfore be cure bryof is to p?«-ge blood, and to piitte awey pe of iii.ioa;u,d
' > > corniptiDiis
coiTupciouu of it, & f)e humoris vneuene to make eueiie, orimmours.
fe nature lost to restore, and so restorid to kepe / Forso])e alle
bese binjjis worclieb oure q?iiute e^vsence: and berfore it eurib om-Quinte
r I o ri •'/ •■ Ksseiiee cures
8 peyfijtly fe feuere co?itynuel6 / and ))0U3 brewnynge watir caste 'j|'i';JJ,'^"'
out fro blood watry Immouris and corrupt, 3itt take it nou3t in „„^_-''' '"'^^
yis cure / forwhi; Jjouj bre/mynge watir be .7. tynies distillid,
3itt it is [not] fully depurid fro his brennynge lieete, & pe .4.
12 dementis / but si]j oure 5. e6'6'ence is not hoot, ne moist, coold,
ne drie, as ben pe 4. eleme?«tis / Jj^rfore it heeli|) pe/'fi3tly pe '^^^^l^^l^}^^'
contynuel feuere ; namely wi]) co»niiixtioun of pe 5 essence of a^"a''pead°''^
gold & peerle / and if je wole strenkj^e ^oure medicyn, panne
16 putte yn oure 5. essence a litil quantite of pulpa cassie fistule / aiuiuiittie
or ellis pe iuys of pe eerbe me?'curiale. & if it so be fiat opere
Cassia or
Herb Mer-
cury.
humouris habounde to myche with Idood, fanne take fo laxa-
tyues Jjat kyndely wole * purge hem, as comou?« bookis of [* foi. asj-.j
20 fisik declare]).
The 10. medicyn to cure be feuere tercian, be which is mo-M"--'
causid of putrifaccioun, or reed coler to myche haboundynge / •""'•'
to cure f»ees sijknes, tak oure 5 essence, or ellis fyn bi'en- /,",/,7v,v,'.'"
24 nvnse Avatir, — but be lirste is l)ettere, — and putto pcninm a litil TaUc yuinte
J '=> ' r 7 1/ KssiMice, with
of rubarbe or of su?«me obe?- laxatiue bat purgib reed coler, and Himiurb and
' I i. CI I I'.niiive water,
a greet q?iantite of watir of endyue ; and vse fis medicyn at I'JvXl-'ot'^''*'
morowe & euen. and pe pacient schal be hool wijjoute doute. tmyue.
28 The II. medicyn is for to heele be feuere cotidiau, pe mlM".'
' leucc
which is causid of putrifaccioun of flewme to haboundynge / eoiyayan.'
and si)) llewme is coold and moist, oure 5 essence (and in his p"^'"^" "'"'^
absence take good brennynge watir.) ha]) stre?dv];o and vertu to Take our
32 consume pe rotun Avate/y inordinat, and to myche coold humi-
dite / berfore take oure 5 essence or brennynge watir, and putto QuinteKs-
. . aeiice, and a
beriwne a litil of euforbii, turbit, or sambuci, or sum obn' bmg utile Kupiior-
' J' ' . bium, &c.
fat purgi]) flewme ; and vse it morowe and euo, & pe pacient
36 schal be hool.
22 TO CURE AGUE FEVER, LUXACT, AND CRAMP. [Book II.
'.12.11^ Tlie .12. medicyn for to cure pe feuere agu, and Ipe lunalik
plraoS*^ man and woniman / discreet inaistr/s seyn, ])nt pe feuere
Fevlr'ami"'" '"^o" coniouwly is causid of a uyolcnt reed coler aduist, and of
-^ l)l()(id adust, and of l)!ak coler adust: and sumtvme of oon of 4
Tliis lever
.•nines of olio- jjose adust, and snmtynie of two togidere, and sumtvme of .z.
togiderc / and ferfore J)e feuere agu is Jie positj'ue degree, and
and is aofom- in jjc superlatyue degree, compc/ratif gree & superlatif gree /
liifss'^'"'"'^'^'^' •^''^^' J'^ feuere agu haj) comou?dy alienacioun of witt, & schew- 8
'Notubene.- yngc of |5ingis of fantasy / And je sclial knowe Aveel wliiche
[* Foi.2t.] ben be luimouris adust bat causen be feuere, be bese *tokenes /
'Sis;ii:i.'
A«^i'<;i'"''ent Forwhi, if jje pacient seij) pnt lie sec]? blak Jii/zgi^, Jeanne blak
fiii'll''."' Motile coler, fat is, malencolie, is adust / & if he se J^ingis of gold / 12
)ii(i[ii's"aie'"iii- TGcd coler is adust / if reed J)i??gis, and scliewynge of bloodt
fanne blood is adust / And if he scij? jjat he see]? alle Jjese .iij,
fiingis, jjannc alle Jjc huinouris ben adust / For as myche as
Bmnin.s breunyngc watir ascendi)) to J)e heed, and gladly wole a man 16
Walei- sliould
nut be taken, dryukc / And si}) lp((.t feuere agu regne)) in Jjb regiou?^ of \)e
heed / \>e jdiilosophoris counceilis f>at pe pacient schal not
bill Quinte resccyuc it in ))is sijknes / but it is nedcful fat he take
i'''''Vsii'Lui *^"'"^ 5 o.s'xcnce of gold and of peerl, meyngi??g fe 6 p^^rt of 20
^^\'se waiVi'' 5 essence nf watir of rose, violet, borage, and letuse^ / and
'"''' *" fanne y. schulen haue an heuenly medicyn to cure perfi^tly fis
sijkncssc. [' vi margin, 'Rose / violott / Borajji' / lutuse /']
■ for v- Iron- For to cure fe frenesye and Avoodnes, or ellis at fo leeste 24
es_ve Ji wod-
nesse.' to swagB it / take a greet quantite of popuiou, and fe bests
Ji(w'/T/ve"/w vynegre fat 30 may haue, and a good q?<antitc of re we domestik,
amuimuten. ^^^^^ braycd, and meyngid Avif fese forseid f i»gis ; and biclippe
ii.ad ':in'd left bc hccd aud bc fcct of be pacient we't/i fis medicyn; ami sum 28
in, mill smell
ill, I'oi'iii""! berof putte to his nosc-brillis. bis medicyn anoon puttib awey be
(Willi Vinepir r I r r J i r J r
Kiie"'^'"'"' frenesye Sz fe schewy«ge of fantasies / it curif also wode men
^ lunatiko nun. ami it restorif a^cn witt and discrecioun, t^
luakif al honl and wcel at eese. 32
'i:i«. M<-.' The .13. medicy/i is to put a-wey fe cnunnpe fro a man.
To cure f^^. .jg myohc as wisc mc7i sevn hat be craumpe cometh of be
Cramp. J .^ r r i •
Use.^ hurtynge & fe febilnes of fe senewis, as it schewif sumtyme
HMi.'eV^' yn medicyns maad of elebore, for is no fiHg f'^t pultif awey fe 3G
Hiiniing
Wulei'.
Cook II.] TO CURE POISON AND COWARDICE. 23
craumpo as doi]) cure 5 es6"ence aforescid, or ellis *bi'ennynge [*foi. 246.]
watir in stede of it.
The .14. medicyn, to caste out venym fro mannys body / 'ita.M^-
4 take ojivq 5 essence, and putte ])er'me fleiscli of a cok, neysch g^"™;/,^/;
soden & sotilly brayed, note kirnelis, fyn triacle, radisch, """''l^''^-
& garleek smal brayed, and opere fingis fat ben goode QuinteEs-
to caste out venym, as comou?i bookis of fisik declari]) / Jj^'j'^j^g^,^^,'^'
8 And also, to comforte pe herto, putte yn oure foreseid 5. essence, q^;;',,"" es-
f>e 5. essence of gold and of peerl. and he schal be delyuerid andPeaiis.
perof & be hool.
The .15. medicyn, to make a man J)at is a coward, hardy 'isa.Mo.-
12 and strong, and putte a-wey almaner of cowardise and drede / ^^„^"f/jo,,j
I seye 30U f orsofe \)at no ])mg may telle alle fe myraclis ver- '""^ !i1"^-
tues pat god haj) maad in owre 5 essence, and not al oonly in
him, but also in to his modir, f)at is to seye, fyn brennynge Give him our
IG watir. for to cure bis siiknesse, take a litil quantite of oure 5 sencewith
J 0 J 1 ^ twice as mucli
essence, & putte perto double so myche of brennynge watir, 'va7er"anda
and a litil q«antite of Ipe iuys of eerbe pione and of saflron dis- juice ami saf-
fron, and
tillid tocridere, and a litil of K essence of gold and of peerl : and Quinte Es-
° ' ^ => ^ ' senceofGold
20 ^euc it him to drinke. and aftir sodeynly, as it were by myracle, ^^g p,^* ^r,,
pe coward man schal lese al manor drede and feyntnes of hcrte, fahitnessof
and he schal recouere strenkfie ))at ys lost l)y drede, and take to
him hardynesse, and he schal di.spise dee]? ; he schal drede no
24 perelis, and passyngly he schal be maad hardy, pis is trewe, for
it hab ofte tymes by oolde philosophoris [benel preued / be/'fore despise deatii,
and dread no
it were a greet wisdom bat cristen pyuicis, in batoilis ajen perils.
° r 1 ' -f Tliercfore
liepene men, hadde wij) hem in tonnes brennynge watir, pat p,li7,ees""
28 pei my3t take to eurry ri3tynge man half a ri3t litil cuppe ful tunsof Burn-
iiiij Water,
berof to drvnke in be bigynnynge of be batel. & bis pr/uyte andpiveevery
^ '' r nJ J r> r r S. J figlitingmau
owith to be hid from alle enemyes of be chirche ; and also ? ""P ^'^■?,^^
J I ' battle witli
*py7ucis and lordis ministri«ge bese bingis schulde not telle ^''^ •"'«'■'«'"•
32 what it is.
Tiio .16. medicyn a3ens \e feue/"e pestilc?^ciale, and \e '16*. Me.'
mai.slrie to cure it. forsobe holy scripture seib bat su???me TocurePetu-
' J X II Icittial Fevrr
tymes oure lord god sendij) pestilence to sle suwime maner a"s''aVi('>ihZ''
3G of peple, as it is seid dcutrono»iiznn 28 in pis mane/' ''Si ^""' Jf_°'^'-
21: TO CUnE PESTILENTIAL FEVER AND PLAGUES. [Book IL
God says in audiro nolue?"is^ vocem doinmi dei tni, ut custodias et facias
Deuteronomy
xxviii. that if om?«ia niandata eius, ve?nant supe/' te om?ies maledicc/oncs ; iste
men will not ' ^ '
aiui'o'beyTu? maledictus eris in ciuitate &c." et infra ; " ad-iuwgat tilA pestilon-
ni.ntsi pesii- ciam douec consumat te de terra, i^'rcuciat te doiniuus ewstate, 4
k.„.c-s .shall . . o '
conic on febre, et frigore, ardore et estu,e^ acre corrupto ac rubigi/tc, et per-
seq?<«tur donee p«ycas " hec ibidem ; et infra " pe?'cuciat te domhius
vlce?'e egipti, et \virtcva corporis per qiiam stercora cgemntur.
scabie quoque, et p?7(rigine, ita ut curari nequeas ; percuciat te 8
Thesepiagnes dcwunns necessitate ac furore mentis" // Therfore a gret fool
a man would
IbVi'urire- were he J>at wolde p?-esume to cure ])ese plagis of pestilence ])'(t
sunie to cure, -[^gj^ vncurablc, fiat ben sent of god to ponysche synne // Also
30 schal vndirstondc pat man may die in .iij. maners. in oon 12
niaiier by natnrel dcej>, in fe teerme Ipat is sett of god / In
auofir maner T)i violent doej?, ami also in pe .iij. maner occa-
sionaly \vi])i«ne jjo teerme pat is sett of god ; as fo me?i J)at to
my die repleciovui, or to greet abstynence or by disperaciou?i, or 16
butaiiotiior ellis by necligence, sle him silf / but sikirly alle o'pere maner
of feueris pestilence pat god suffri]) to come to ma^ikynde by
from evil pcrllous influence of yuele planetis, by pe grace of god & good
planets may . , . , . , _«
be cured iiy gou6>rnau?ice may be cund po/*tudy wib oure c.. essence, and 20
ourCJuinte ° "' i J r J
Ei^scnre'w'itii p'^'i^ne puttc a litil of aloes opatik iSc euforbij, & a litil of
pi'Sium, icra})igra galieni & of 5 essence, of pe rote of lilie and also
[*'Foi.25i.] of gold & pcerle, capilli veneris "'''and ysope ; for pese phigis
ben nedcful to siclie feueris & apostemes / it is nedeful also 24
and a laxative pcit wi]) jjcsc fingis jjcr be sicli a qtcinta ci'sencia laxatyuc pat
sence that will wolc pursce \>o superfluc bumouris bat abounde : and bat be
send the pa- 1 o r r r
""'•Tdav"' pacient so myche resceyue in a natural day pe?-of pat he may
go Aveel oonys to sege ; and so lete him vse pis laxatif .3. iji pe 28
•cauoas.' Avoke ; But bo weel war pat he take wip oure q?</nta essencia
but rijt a litil q«(intite of pe laxatif at oonys, as I tolde 30U
He must also toforc, for peril pat mi3te bifalle. & eucry day take he by pe
morning an niorowc an cyc-schclle ful of good brennynge watir, and pe cor- 32
eKK-shcU-luU -'
walcr.'ami 2 i""P<^ ^yr scluil not noyc him. ; & also vse in pe dayes, two or
piiu h'our'''''' pre smale pelotis pestilonciales in oure 5 ei?6^encia, or in breu-
sence.^ind iiyngc watu' ; & al pe lious of pe pacient schal be encensid
smoke his
' MS. volucris.
nooK IL] MAT THIS BOOK FALL INTO NO BAD MAN's HANDS ! 25
strongly .iij in hi duv wib frank-eucense, mirre, & rosyn, house with
<^ -J -J I ■^ ' fiaiikinceiise,
terbewtyn & levve. and ])is is ])eri\^t cure for pe fcnere pesti- '^''••
lence / And jjus 30 may, wij; jjis 5 e*'6-encijs, cure alle fese sijk-
4 nesses- aforeseid, and nianye o])ejv, as it were by myracle, if 36
worclie discrrleetly as I haue tookl jou tofore / ^ow here Here is an end
I- -i -^ ■> ' ot tliismost
I make an eende of ])is tretis ])at is clepid jje mooste & pe Xlmfts'^^
souereyiieste secrete of alio secretis, and a passynge tresour
8 bat mav nou:t favle / / 0 ouantu/yi malum foret, si hie Whntiiiswiu
r ^ ^ J I I i- ^ ^ befall if it Rets
lilier perucnirct ad manus ho??n?z2tni mundanorM?«, ad noticia?/i i"t" tyimits'
timnnorM/H, et ad stvuiciuj^i rep/-oborM//j ! (:{uh, sicut sancfi per allj pr!li'<l,'||f3
lumc libru//i pottvunt continuare ojx'ra vite clirhtlani diuci^*^ evu. iwui
. . , . . keep it for
i" et vehemenciM6% ita et rep?'obi possent peruerso a'si diuci?^*' iioiyinen
'■ '■ '■ aluiie ; and I
pe;-seue?'are in male, ego aute;/^, q?<antu?M in me est, propter tochrisi'^s'^
solos sa?«c^os libru??i hunc constituo, et ipswm custod[iae] ihesu and'evfr"""
Clirisfi coftimendo nunc et in eterniu/i // = //
iG lExpIirit lihxnm tir maximis Sfcrrtis rv-^rncic
quiutc v^c.
26
THE SPHERES AND PLANETS. I'-z^c]
U Philosofirs piittyn 9 spem vndircwrittcn ; l)ut Diuiiiis puttin jjc teii]je
spere, where is lieuyn empire, in fe wliiclie, angel?*' & sowlc'*'^ of
seynt/^ semen god,; m pe wliiche is crist, in pe same forme that he
walkid in eipo, and also owre lady, & seyniis that aroseu with criste.
H \)e first spere of po 9 is clepid ' pr/mu?» mobile/ Jje first mevabil thyng.
H \)e .ij. spere of sterri*- : Aries .1. fe rame. ^ the secund hows of Mars,
J)e bool, H ])Q secund hows of Venus, Gemini, H pe secund hows of
Mercuri, Cancer. H pa hows of jje mone, leo. pe hows of pe sonne,
Virgo. // ])e first hows of Mercury, Libra // jjc first hows of Venus,
Scorpio // J»e first hows of JMars, Sagittari2« // po first hows of lubitcr,
Capr/cornus // pa first hows of Saturne, Aquari?<.s // pe secund bows of
Saturne, Piscis./ pe secunde hows of lubiter [710 more].
^ Saturn is a planete evel-willid and ful of sekenes. Whcrfore he is
peyntid with an hooke, for he repe]? down) grenc thyngw / he fulfilli])
his course in xxx ^eere.
^ lubiter is a i>lanete welo willyng to alle thi??g/6- to be geudrid, plent[i]ful
& plesyng ; therfor he is y-seid lubittJr as helpyn. in xij [3]eere he
iilli]) his course.
II Mars is an enemy to alle thyng/*- to be gendrid ; wherfor he is clepid
god of batel, for he is ful of tempest, he fultilli)) his course in .ij.
^eere. fe^f -c<> back]
H )5e Sonne is jje Avorthiest planet, y-set \7i myddis. he fulfilli)) his course in
CCClxv dayes & vj. howr/.s, pe whiche causen bisext.
H Venus is apte to alle thyng/*' to be gendrid. he fulfilli]) his coui-se in
CCCxxxvj dales.
U Mercuri swyft is y-seid a mcssonge/- of dales [? heuene]. he fulfilli)) his
course in CCCxxxvj dales.
H )3e mone is a planete ny pe evpe. [i-nd-t.l
1 \is is (lie MS. I wiili a liiu" at riu'ht an<;;lcs to it.
27
NOTES
ON THE CHEMISTRY OF THE TEXT
Br C. H. GILL, Esq., of University College, London
P. 4. Direction to siihmit any wine that is not sour to distillation.
{Sour "wine is deficient iu alcohol ; that body having been changed into
acetic acid by oxidation.) In the language of the mystical ideas which
prevailed in the dawn of Chemistry, tlie colouring matters, sugar, &c. of
the wine are called ' the .4. elcmcntis,' or as it were the ' rotten ftxjces of
wine ' ? 1
The direction to distill the wine seven times is a good practical sugges-
tion for the obtaining of .strong alcohol which will burn well. Then
follows a description of the distilling apparatus, Avhich seems to have been
arranged to ensure a very slow distillation, so as to obtain a product as
colourless and scentless as possible.
p. 5. The second way to make the Quinte essence depends on dis'alla-
tion of alcohol by means of the boat of fermenting horse-dung ; also the
fifth manner.
P. G. The directions for gilding burning water are all nonsense; but as
the writer had no means of testing the truth of his statements, they may
have been made in good faith.
P. 7. The idea which he expresses, that this gilt burning water will
make you well and young, is difficult to explain, except on the assumption
that, it being the strongest of alcohol, a veiy little served to produce that
elevation of spirits which seemed to bring back the spring of youth.
P. 7, 1. G from the bottom. The word lujuiblcs in tlie text does not
mean liipiids, for a liijuid caniidt bt^ made hot enough to be (inc.nche.d. If
25 NOTES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF THE TEXT.
tlio original Ilfpuhlefi cannot be retained I should substitute the Avord
li(lidal>les, meaning tliose tilings which can be liquefied by heat. Indeed
in the next passage Ave find stated that if Saturn (the alchemists' mystical
name fur Lead) be quenched, &c., and that if-then Mars (Iron) be quenched
in the same liquid, it will acquire the softness of Saturn. Or if you
quench lead in spirit which has had iron first cooled in it, it becomes hard.
Of course there is no truth whatever in the above statements.
P. 8. The fire without coals, &c., is 'corrosive sublimate,' most probably
containing an excess of Sulphuric acid (vitriol) as an impurity. If Copper
(A^enus) or Tin (Jujuter) be dipt into this solution of mercury they Avill
have a deposit of mercury formed on their surface, which will give them a
pearly appearance.
P. 8. To bring Gold into calx. When gold is treated in the way
directed, a fine powder of gold of a brown or yellow coloxir is left. This
might readily have been mistaken for a calx by those who had no clear
ideas of what calx really was.
P. 9. The departing of gold from silver is essentially the same as the
plan practised at the present day.
To get the Quintessence of Gold. I can make nothing of the directions,
that is, I cannot see that they (the directions) hide any real truth.
P, 10. How to get the Quintessence of Antimony. I can make
nothing of this part, and can only suggest that the vinegar used containetl
hydrochloric acid, and when distilled with ' Myn Antimony ' (native
sulphide of antimony) gave a distillate of Chloride of Antimony containing
some 'kermes' Avhicli is red.
From this point onward there is little or nothing that can be explained
by a Chemist.
29
GLOSSARY.
Agu, p. 22, 1. 1, ' Intermittent
Feaver, commonly called an Ague,
has certain times of Intermission
or ceasing ; it begins for the most
part Avith Cold or Shivering, ends
in Heat, and returns exactly at set
Periods.' PldlUps.
Aischin, p. 4, 1. 10, ashes.
Amphora, p. 11, &c., 'a large vessel
which derived its name from its
being made with a handle on each
side of the neck, from dfji^i on both
sides, and ^/pw / carry. ^ Did. of
Gr. and Rom. Ant.
Anele, p. 6, 1. 26, &c., heat?
Apostemes, p. 24, 1. 24, imposthumes,
boils.
Appeire, p. 3, 1. 12, impair, Avorsen.
Arreins, p. 2, 1. 25, spiders.
'Cassia Fistula (Lat.), [p. 21, 1. IG],
Cassia in the Pipe or Cane, a kind
of Reed or Shrub that grows in
India and Africa, bearing black,
round, and long Cods, in Avhich is
contain'd a soft black Substance,
sweet like Honey, and of a purg-
ing Quality.' PIiilHps.
Colaciouns, p. 18, 1. 21, 1 comments,
homilies.
Comonnne, p. 3, 1. 35, communicate.
'Continual Feaver [p. 21] is that
whose Fit is continu'd for many
Days ; having its times of Abate-
ment, and of more Fierceness ;
altho' it never intermits, or leaves
off.' Phillips.
Deedly, p. 3, 1. 24, liable to death,
mortal.
Departyngc, p. 5, 1. 14, parting,
separatuig.
Depiirid, p. 9, 1. 27, purified, purged.
Distillatorie, p. 10, 1. 24, a still.
Eandle Holme, {Academy, p. 422,
col. 2,) speaks of a Still or Distil-
latory Instrument,' and further on,
iv., ' Pie beareth Sable, the Head
of a Distillatory with 3 pipes ;
having as many Receivers or
Bottles set to them.'
' Ebulum or Ebuhis (Lat.), [p. 18, 1.
3] the Herb Wall-wort, Dane-wurt,
or Dicarf -elder.' PldlUps.
Encorpere, p. 13, 1. 4, mix, incor-
porate.
Euforbii, p. 21, 1. 3 hot., ' Euphorbia,
the Libyan Ferula, a Tree or Shrub
first found by King Juha, and so
call'd from the Xame of his Physi-
cian Eujjliorbus.' PJiiUijjs.
Euphorbium, ' the gummy Juice or
Sap of that Tree much us'd in
Physick and Surger}'.' Phillij)s.
Extremities, p. 17, 1. 2, ends of tlie
limbs,
Fecis, p. 4, 1. 7 ; p. 9, dregs.
Fire of hell, p. 8, 1. 23, a disease.
Fumitcr, p. 18, 1. 3, fumitory.
Fyme, p. 10, 1. 2 bot., mud, clay.
Gerapigra galieni, ]i. 3, 1. 29, lefja
Tifcpa VaXrjiov.
30
GLOSSARY.
Oiltid, p. 7, 1. 3, having the pro-
perties of gold communicated by it.
Groste, p. f), 11. 9, 29, grossness,
heavy particles, residuinii.
Hide, p. 13, 1. 18, ? for hidc?/s ; com-
pare the Harleiau reading ' un-
kinde.'
Hool, p. 15, 1. 10, recover, improve.
Incoml)ustil)le, p. 10, 1. 2.
Incorruptibility, p. 7, 1. 2.
Kynde, p. 1, 1. 12, all creatures;
1. 13, nature.
' Lapis Lazuli [p. 18, 1. 3] a kind of
Azure or Sky-colour'd Stone, of
■which the Blew Colour call'd
Ultramarine is made . . much
us'd in Physick.' Phillip)^.
Lembike, p. 9, 1. 2, ' Alembick or
Limbeck (Arab.), a Still, a Chymi-
cal Vessel used in Distilling,
shaped like a Helmet, and towards
the Eottom having a Beak or
Nose, about a Foot and a half
long, by which the Vapours de-
scend. They are commonly made
of Cojijier tinn'd over on the in-
side, and often of Glass.' PlnUips.
Licpiibles, p. 7, 1. G bot., meltable
metals.
Lymayl, j). 8, 1. G bot., Fr. ' limaHle :
f. File-dust, pinne-dust.' Cot'jrave.
Marien Bath, p. 12, 1. 7 bot., Bal-
neum. Maria"-, a Chemist's bath.
' Bain de Marie. ]\laries bath ;
a cauldron, or kettle full of hot
water.' Cotgrare.
]\Iedle, p. 19 last lino, mix.
Medulla, p. 18, 1. 3, pith.
Mercasite, p. 10, 1. 14, 'a kind of
INIineral Stone, hard and biittle,
partaking of the Nature and Col-
our of the ^letal it is mixed
Avitli ; some call it a Fire-Stone.'
P] til lips.
Mercuriale, mercuric, p. 21, 19, &c.,
' Mercury . . among Chymists . .
signifies Quick-silver ; and is also
taken for one of their active Prin-
ciples, commonly call'd Spirit . .
Also the Xame of a purging Herb,
of which there are two sorts, viz.
Good Harry and Dor/'s Mercury.'
jMctis, p. IG, 1. 22, meatus:, passages.
Mon, p. 13, 1. 19.]
Morsus Gallina?, the Herb Henbit or
Cliick-weed. Phillips.
Mortifie, p. 19 last line, 'Among
Chymists to change the outward*
Form or Shape of a ]\Iixt Body ;
as when Quicksilver, or any other
Metal, is dissolved in an acid Men-
struum.' PItillips.
Neischede, p. 7, 1. 2 bot., neslmess,
softness, pliancy.
Oo, p. 4, one.
Popilion, p. 22, 1. 24; 'Populeum,
an Ointment made of Poplar buds,
of a cooling and allaying Quality.'
PJtilhps. Fr. ' Pojndeon. Pop-
ilion, a Pompillion ; an ointment
made of blacke Pojjlar buds.' Cut.
Preparate, p. 8, 1. 21, prepare.
' Quartan Ague [p. 20] is that whose
Fit returns every fourtli Day.'
PI, mips.
Quenchour, p. G at foot, cooling the
florin 1
Quintessence is defined by Phillips
as 'the purest Substance drawn
out of any Natural Body ; a
^ledicine made of the efficacious
active Particles of its Ingredients
sejiarated i'rom all Faxes or Dregs ;
the Spirit, chief Force, or Virtue
of anv thiuijf.'
GLOSSARY.
31
Eeme, p. 9, 1. 5 bot., A.S. reoma, a
strap, thoug.
lieparale, p. 8, 1. 21, make, com-
pound.
Respire, p. 4, 1. 5 from foot, exhale.
Eestreyne, p. 7, 1. 8, retain.
Eeward, p. 2, 1. 4, 7, regard,
Eotombe, p. 10, 1. 3 bot., a retort.
Sambucy, p. IG, 1, 7 bot., ' Sam-
bucus, the Elder-Tree ; a Shrub
of very great use in Physic'
PliilUps.
Stafisagre, p. 20,1. 1,' Staphis agria,
the Herb Staves-acre, or Lice-bane.'
Phillips.
'Tertian Ague or Feaver [p. 21] is
that which intermits entirely, and
returns again every third Day with
its several Symptoms at a set
Time.' PMllip^.
To, p. 1, 1. 16, too.
Triacle, p. 23, 1. 5, cordial, ' Treacle,
a Physical Composition, made of
Vipers and other Ingredients.'
Phillips.
Turbit, p. 16, 1. 7 bot., 'Turbit,
Tripoly, an Herb calleil Turbith,
or blew Camomel.'
' Turbith, an Herb so call'd by the
Arabians, which grows iu Cam-
baya, Surat, and other parts of
Asia ; a dangerous Drug upon
account of its violent purging
Quality.' Phillips.
Yapoure, p. 8, 1. 5 from foot ; p. 9 at
foot, evaporate.
Woodnes, p. 22, 1. 23, wildness,
madness.
Ypericon, p. 19, 1. 16, 'Hypericon,
St. John's-Worl, an excellent Hcib
for Wounds, and to provoke Urine.'
Phillijys.
§mi\i ^niolifili
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2 Early English Text Society.
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15
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*l}RooKi,YN Mercantile Library, New York, U, S. A. (by Allen).
Brown, Arthur Henry, Brentwood (liy Triibner & Co.).
* Brown, Prof., (Canterbury College, Christchurch, New Zealand (liy Triibner
& Co.).
*Brushfield, Dr. T. N., The Clif}", Budleigh-Salterton, Devon.
♦Buckley, Rev. Wm. Edw., Rectory, Middleton Cheney, Banbury.
Burns, James T., Kirliston, Edinburgh.
BURNSIDE, W., Pembroke College, Cambridge.
*BuRT0N on Trent Institute, Union St.. Burton-on-Trent.
(/AIU'EUTER, J. Estlin, I,eathes House, Fitzjolin's Avenue, Hampstead, N.W.
*Ciiamberlain, Arthur, Elm House, Arthur Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham.
Chance, Dr. F., Burleigh House, Sydenham Hill, S.E.
Chappell, William, F.S. A., Straft'ord Lodge, Oatlands Park, Wey bridge Station.
Cheltenham College Library, Cheltenham.
Cheltenham Library, '>, Royal Crescent, Cheltenham.
•Chetiiam'h Library, Hunt's Bank, Manchester.
•Chicago Public Library, Chicago, U. S. A. (by Stevens).
Chichester, Lord P.ishop of, The Palace, Chichester.
*Chorlton, Thomas, 32, Brazennose Street, Manchester.
Christian, Rev. George, Redgate, Uppingham, Rutland.
*Chri.stiania University Library, Norway (care of Jlr. T. Bennett,
Christiania).
•Christ's College, Cambridge.
Churchill, Aliss Caroline. 1.'3, Stanley Gardens, Notting Hill, liOndon, W.
♦Cincinnati I'ublic and School Library, Cincinnati, U. S. A. (by Stevens).
CLINTON, 11. R., Hollywood, Forest Hill, S.E.
♦Clinton Hall Association, New York, U. S. A. (by Triibner A: Co.).
Cohen, Arthur, G, King's Bench Walk, Temple, E.C.
f Coleridge, The Right Hon. Lord, 1, Sussex Square, Hyde Park, W.
Coleridge, Miss Edith, Eldon Lodge, Torquay.
♦COMPTON, Rev. Lord Alwyne, Castle Ashby, Northampton.
List of Members of the E. E. Text Sac, 1886. 17
COEN'ELL University, Ithaca, New York, U. S. A. (by Allen).
*CowpEB, Joseph Meadows, Watling Street, Canterburj'.
Cox, Rev. Thomas, The Crescent, Hipperholme, Halifax.
Craig, Dr. AV. J., 8, Grenville St., Brunswick Sq., W.C. (by Triibner & Co.).
Cbossley, James, Stocks House, Cheetham, Manchester.
CuLLEY, M. T., Coupland Castle, Wooler, Northumberland (Extra Series only).
CuTHBERT, A., Glasgow (by Mr. Maclehose).
*Dabis, Miss, 1, Crofton Cottages, Cambridge.
*Dalziel, W. a., 67, Victoria Eoad, Finsbury Park, London, N. {Hon. Sec).
Darbishire, E. D., 26, George Street, Manchester (by Triibner & Co.).
•Dartbey, The Earl of, 3, Curzon Street, W.
Davies, Rev. J., 16, Belsize Sq., South Hampstead, N.W. (by Triibner & Co.).
Dawes, Rev. Dr. J. S., Newton House, Surbiton, Surrey.
Deightox, Bell, & Co., 18, Trinity St., Cambridge.
Dextox, Rev. W., 22, Westbourne Square, W.
Derby, Earl of, 23, St. James's Square, S.W.
fDEVOXSHiRE, The Duke of, Devonshire House, Piccadilly, W.
Dickson, Thomas, H. M. General Register House, Edinburgh.
*DowDEX, Prof. Edward, Winstead, Temple Road, Rathmines, Dublin.
Durham Cathedral, the Library or the Deax and Chapter.
*Dykes, Frederick, Wakefield.
*Earle, Rev. Professor J., 15, Norham Road, Oxford.
Edinburgh University Library (by Williams & Norgate).
Elworthy, Fredk. T., Foxdown, Wellington, Somerset.
•Evans, Sebastian, Heathfield, Alleyn Park, West Dulwich, S.E.
♦EvERARD, C. H., Eton College, Windsor.
*Exeter College, Oxford.
Faunthorpe, Rev. John P., Whitelands Training College, 35, King's Eoad,
Chelsea, S.W.
Ferris, 0. A., Fairview, Dartmouth Park Avenue, Upper Holloway, N.
•Finance, Rev. Gerard de, St. Pierre de I'Etang du Nord, Grindstone Island,
Magdalen Islands, Brit. N. America.
•Fisher, Right Rev. Mgr. J. H., St. Edward's College, Liverpool.
*FORD, John Eawlinson, 25, Alltion St., Leeds.
*Fox, Francis F., Yate House, Chipping Sodbur}^
*Freibubg University Library, Baden.
*Fry, Danby P., 138, Haverstock Hill, N.W.
*Fubness, Horace Howard, 222, West Washington Sq., Philadelphia, U. S. A.
*Furnivall, Dr. F. J., 3, St. George's Square, Primrose Hill, Loudon, N.W.
(JJirector.)
Gaisford, Eev. T. A., 2, Devonshire PI., Bath (by Triibner &c Co.).
•Gibbs, Henry H., St. Dunstan's, Eegent's Park, N.W.
•Gibbs, Mrs. M. B., Tyntesfield, Bristol.
Gill, Thomas Eichard, 39, Amersham Ed., New Cross, S.E.
♦GiLMAN, Arthur, 11, Mason Street, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A.
•Gissing, Algernon F., 10, Barstow Sq., Waketield.
♦Glasgow University Library (by Mr. Maclehose).
*G00DIS0N, John (by Asher &; Co.).
Gordon, Rev. Robert, 6, Mayfield Street, Newington, Edinburgh (by
^Ir. Stevenson).
Goulburn, Very Rev. Dr., Dean of Norwich, Norwich.
Gray, Arthur. Jesus College, Cambridge.
•Greifswald University. (By Asher & Co.)
Geevel, H., 33, King St., Covent Garden, W.C.
18 List of Members of the E. E. Text Sac, 1886.
*GuiLDHALL, Library of the Corporation of London, E.G.
*Hailstone, Edward, Walton Hall, Wakefi.jld (l)y Mr. J. Wilson).
*Hales, Professor J. W., 1, Oppidan's Road, Primrose Hill, N.W.
Hall, Joseph, Grammar School, Manchester.
Hamburg Stadt bibliotiiek.
Hanson, Sir Pieginald, 40, Pjoundary Road, St. John's Wood, N.W.
*Harijis, Mortimer, 10, Angell Park Gardens, Brixton, K.W.
•Harris, William, 20, Elvetiiam Road, Edgbastou. Birmingham.
Harrison, Professor J., Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia,
U. S. A. (by Triibner k Co.).
*Harvari:) College, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. (by Allen).
Harvey, W. Fred., 2, Temple Gardens, Temple, E.G.
*Hay, C. a., 127, Harley Street, W.
Healrs, Major Alfred (F.S.A.), The Cliimes, Streatham Common, S.W.
Helwich, Professor H. R., 21), Neugasse, Oberdobliug, Vienna, Austria.
*Hendeuson, T., County School, Bedford.
Hertz, Dr. W., Municii (by Triibner & Co.).
Hessels, J. H., Cambridge.
Hetherington, J. Ne\vb3% 62, Harley St., London. W.
*IIodgson, Shadworth H., 45, Conduit Street, Regent Street, W.
Holme, J. Wilson, 34, Old Jewr.v, E.C.
*HoWARD, Henry, Stone House, Kidderminster.
Hull Subsceiption Library, Albion Street, Hull.
HuLME, E. C, 18, Philbeach Gardens. South Kensington, S.W.
Hutchinson, Edward, the Elms, Darlington.
I'Anson, James, jun., Fairlield House, Darlington.
*James, Colonel Kdward C, Ogdenburg, St. Lawrence County,New York,U. S. A.
*Jenkins, James, M.D., C.B., Nevinston, Mannamead, Plymouth.
*JOHNS Hopkins Library, Baltimore, U. S. A. (by Allen).
Johnson, G. J., '6C>, Waterloo St., Birmingham.
Johnson, Dr. Henry, Brunswick, Maine, U. S. A. (by Triibner & Co.).
Jones, Rev. James, 2(1, Upper Leeson Street, Dublin.
*JONES, John Joseph, Abberley Hall, Stourjiort.
*JuNioR Carlton Club, Pall Mall, S.W.
•Ker, William P., 203, Newjiort Road, Cardiff.
*Kersley, Rev. Canon, LL.D., Congham Rectory, King's Lynn.
*Kett, Rev. C. W., 2, Haverstock Ter., South Hanii>stead, N.W.
*KiNG"s College, Cambridge (by Deighton, Bell, & Co.).
♦King's Inn Library, Henrietta Street, Dublin.
•Kingsbury, Rev. T. L., Cambridge (by Deighton, Bell, Sc Co.).
*Klin'Ksieck, F., Paris (by Triibner & Co.).
Ladies" College, Cheltenham.
♦Lafayette College, Easton, Penn. U. S. A.
Laidlay, a., Seacliffe House, North Berwick, N. B.
*Lambert, Joshua C, Independent College, Taunton.
*Leathes, Frederick de M., 17, Tavistock Place, Tavistock Square, W.C.
•Leeps Library. Commercial St., Leeds.
Lewis, Rev. Henrv, Priucijial, Culham College, O.von.
*LisTER, John, Shibden Hall, Halifax.
I.ITERAUY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY, Sheffield.
•Little, E. D., The Mount, Northallerton.
Lloyd, Ridgway R., St. Peter's Street, St. All)ans.
LocKAVOOD & Co.. 7, Stationers' Hall Court. E.C. (by Triibner k. Co.).
*LoNUON Institution, Finsbury Circus, E.C.
Lid of Members of the E. H. Text Sac, 1886. 19
•London Library, 12, St. James's Square, S.W.
*LouNSBURY, Prof. T. R., Yale College, New Haven, Conn., U. S. A.
*Low, Messrs. S. & Co., 188, Fleet Street, E.C. (by Triibner & Co.).
*LoWELL, Professor J. Eussell, Harvard, Mass., U. S. A.
*LuARD, Rev. Henry Richards, 4, St. Peter's Terrace, Cambridge.
*LUMBY, Rev. Prof. J. Rawson, St. Mary's Gate, Cambridge.
LUPTON, Francis Martineau, Roundhay, Leeds.
LusHiNGTON, Professor E. L., D.C.L. — Park House, Maidstone.
McKenzie, John Whitefoord, 1(>, Royal Circus, Edinburgh.
Mackonochie, Rev. Alex. Heriot, St. Alban's Clergy House, Brooke Street,
Holborn, E.C.
*Macmillan, A., Bedford Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
♦Manchester, The Duke of, Kimbolton Castle, St. Neot's.
♦Manchester Public Free Library, Manchester.
Marburg University (Extra Series only) (by Williams & Norgate).
Markby, Alfred, 9, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
•Marshall, John, I'O, Holyrood Crescent, Glasgow (by Maclehose).
*Martineau, p. M., Littleworth, Esher, Surrey.
Mason, C. P., 5, College Gardens, Dulwich, S.E.
*Masson, M. Gustave, Harrow on the hill.
Matthew, Fredk. D., Quarry ton, Hayne Road, Beckenham, Kent.
*Matzner, Dr. (by Asher & Co.).
* Mayor, Rev. Prof. John E. B., St. John's College, Cambridge.
♦Melbourne Public Library (by S. Mullen).
♦Mercantile Libraiey, St. Louis, Mo., U. S. A.
♦Merton College, Oxford.
♦Michigan, University op, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. A.
♦.Micklethwaite, J. T., 6, Delahay Street, Westminster, S.W.
Mill Hill School, Hendon, N.W.
♦Mitchell Library, Glasgow.
MoHR, E., Heidelberg (by Triibner & Co.).
JIONSON, The Right Hon. Lord, 29, Belgrave Square, S.W.
Moodie, John, Elton House, Upton St., Stockport Road, Manchester.
♦:\Iorison, John, Messrs. W. Collins, Sons. & Co., Bridewell Place, E.C.
iSIORLEY, Prof. Henry, 8, Upper Park Road, Haverstock Hill, N.W.
♦Morris, Rev. Dr. Richard, Lordship Lodge, Wood Green, N.
MoULTON, Rev. Dr. Win. F.. The Leys. Cambridge.
*Mullen, S., 48, Paternoster Row, London, E.C.
MiiLLER, Professor Max, 7, Norham Gardens, Oxford.
MuNBY, Arthur J., G, Fig-tree Court, Temple, E.C.
♦Murray, Dr. James A. H., Oxford.
♦Napier, Profes.sor A. S., Headington Hill, Oxford.
*National Library op Ireland, Dublin (by Hodges Sc Figges & Co.).
♦Neck, M. G. van, Goes, Holland.
♦New Jersey College Library, New Jersey, U. S. A. (by H. Grevcl).
♦New University Club. St. James's Street, S.W.
♦Newcastle-upon-Tyne Literary and Philosophical Society, Westgate
Road.
♦Nicholl, G. W., Ham, Cowbridge, Glamorganshire.
NORPOLK AND NORWICH LITERARY INSTITUTION, St. Andrew's Broad Street,
Norwich.
♦Norwich Free Library. Norwich.
♦Norwich, Dean and Chapter of (care of Archdeacon Nevill, The Close,
Norwich).
20 List of Members of the E. E. Text Sac, 1S8G.
*XoTTiNGHAM FREE TUBI-IC LlHRARiES, Nottingham.
Oliphant, T. L. Kington, Charlsfield, Gask, Auchterarder.
*Ormerod, Henry M., 5, Clarence Street, Manchester.
*OusELEY, Rev. Sir Frederick Gore, Bart., St. Michael's College, Tenbury,
Herefordshire.
*OwENs College Library, Manchester.
Paris. La Facultc dcs Lettres de Paris, M. Thorin, Rue de Medicis (care of
Dulau, 37, Soho Sq., W.). — Extra Series only.
*I'ARivER & Co., Messrs. Jas., Broad Street, Oxford (2 sets).
*Peabody Institute, Baltimore, U. S. A. (by Allen).
Peacock, Edward B., Bottcsford Manor, Brigg, Lincolnshire.
Peacock, William, 3, Sunniside, Sunderland.
*Pearson, Professor Charles H., Haverliill, South Australia (care of ]\Ir.
Justice Pearson, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.).
Peel, George, Brookfield, Cheadle, Cheshire.
Peile, John, Christ's College, Cambridge.
*Penzance Libr.vry, Penzance.
*1'ESKETT, Arthur George, Magdalene College, Cambridge.
Philadelphia Library Company, U. S. A. (by Stevens).
♦Philadelphia Mercantile Library, U. S. A. (by Allen).
PiCTON', Sir James A., 11, Dale Street, Liverpool.
* Plymouth Institution, Athenaeum, Plymouth.
* Porter, Rtl. F., Boley Hill House, Rochester.
Portico Library, 57, Mosley Street, Manchester.
*Priaulx, Osw. de Beauvoir, 8, Cavendish Square, W.
•Price, W. E., M.P., Tibberton Court, Gloucester.
Procter, Rev. Francis, Wilton Vicarage, Korth Walsham. Norfolk.
"^Public Record Office, London, E.C. (by Triibner &; Co.).
Queen's College, Cork.
Queen's College Library, Belfast.
Read, Rev. Stejjhen G., Barton St. Mary, Brandon, Norfolk.
Reeks, Joseph W., St, George's Cathedral, Southwark, S.E.
Rees, G., Overseers' Offices, 27, Bridge St., Birkenhead.
*Reeve, Henry, C. B., 02, Rutland Gate, S.W.
•Reform Club, Pall Mall (by Mr. Ridgway).
*Reichel, H. R., University College of North Wales, Bangor.
Reilly, Francis S., 21, Delahay Street, Westminster. S.W.
Riley, Athelstan, 32, Queen's Gardens, Bayswater, W.
Roberts, Robert, Queen's Terrace, Boston, Lincolnshire.
Rochdale Free Public Library, Rochdale.
*llONKSLEY, James George, 12, East Parade, Siieffield.
*Rotton, J. F., 3, Boltons, West Bronipton, S.W.
•Round, P. Zillwood, 30, South St., Greenwich, S.E.
•Royal Institution, Albemarle Street, W.
Royal Irlsii Academy, lit, Dawson Street, Dublin.
•Royal Library, Windsor Castle.
Royal Library, I^hinich (by Triibner and Co.).
•^ROYAL Library, Stockholm (by Triibner & Co.).
*KoYAL Society of Literature, 4, St. Jlartins Place, Charing Cross, W.C.
•RUSKIN, Prof. John, LL.D., Brantwood, Coniston.
*RUSSELL, Thomas, Ascog Bute, Rothesay.
•Rutgers College Library, New Brunswick, New Jersey, U. S. A.
•St. Andrew's University Ijbrary, N. B.
*St. Catherine's College, Cambridge (by Deighton, Bell, &; Co.).
Lid of Members of the E. E. Text Sac, 1886. 21
*8t. John's College, Cambridge (by Deighton, Bell, & Co.).
*tiT. John's College, Annapolis, JIaryland, U. S. A. (by Stevens).
*St. Lours Public School Liurarv (by Stevens).
*St. Mary's College Library, Oscott, Bimiingbam,
Salt, Samuel, Gateside, Silecroft, Cumberland.
Saunders, G. Syraes, M.B., Devon County Lunatic Asylum, Exminster.
Sciill'PER, Professor (by Triibner & Co.).
Schwartz, Miss L., Park Street, 43, Utrecht, Holland.
•Science and Art Department, Cromwell Pioad, South Kensington, S.W.
Senior, John, Staunton, Coleford, Gloucestershire.
•Sheffield Free Library, Surrey Street, Sheffield.
*Shimmin, Charles F., Mpunt Vernon Street, Boston, U. S. A.
•Signet Library, Edinburgh.
*SlMONTON, J. W., Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, U. S. A.
*Sion College, President and Fellows of, London Wall, E.C.
•Skeat, Rev. Prof. Walter W., M.A., LL.D., 2, Salisbury Villas, Cambridge.
*Slater, Joseph, Grammar School, Kirkby-Stepben.
■^Slater, Walter Brindle}-, 249, Camden Itoad, London, N.
Slatter & PiOSE, Messrs., Oxford.
Smith, Charles, 14, Market St., Faversham.
*Snelgrove, Arthur G., Leighton Villa, Cheverton lload, Hornsey Rise,
London, N.
Snei,l, Rev. W. M., Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.
♦society of Antiquaries, Burlington House, Piccadilly, W.
Somersetshire Akcii^ological Society, Taunton Castle, Taunton.
•Sotheran & Co. (by Triibner & Co.).
•Stephens, Professor George, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
•Stonyhurst College, Blackburn.
*Stkassi5URG University Libr^vky (by Triibner & Co.).
*Sullivan, Right Hon. Edward, Master of the Rolls in Irelaml, 32, Fit/,-
williara Place, Dublin.
Sunderland Subscription Library% Fawcett Street, Sunderland.
*Swain Free School, New Bedford, Mass., U. S. A. (by IL Grevel).
Sweet, Henry, Mansfield Cottage, Heath St., Hampstead, N.W.
Tancock, Rev. O. W., The School House, The Close, Norwich.
*Ten-Briniv, Professor Bernhard, Ph. Dr., Strassburg (by Triibner Sc Co.),
Tennyson, Lord, D.C.L., Farringford, Isle of Wight.
♦Terry, Frank C. Birkbeck, The College, Dumfries PL, Cardiff.
Thompson, Rev. W. H., D.D., JIaster of Trinity College, Cambriilg-e.
Thring, Piev, Edward, Uppingham Grammar School, Rutland. (^Extra
Series only.)
•Tinkler, Rev. John, Arkengarth Dale AHcarage, Richmond, Yorkshire.
Toole, The Very Rev. Canon Laurence, Bedford House, Hulme, Manchester.
♦Toronto, University of, Canada (by Allen),
♦Torquay Natural History Society, Torquay, Devon.
Totter, T. N., Norton Place, Fallowfield, Manchester.
♦Trinity College Library, Cambridge (by Deighton, Bell, & Co.),
Trinity College Library, Oxford,
Tubingen University Liheary (by Triibner & Co,).
♦Tulane University (by H, Grevel),
♦Turner, Robert S., A, 5, Albanj', Piccadilly, W.
Unger, Professor C, R., Christiania, Norway.
♦University College, Aberyswyth.
University College, Gower Street, London, W.C,
22 Lid of Members of the E. K Text Soc, 1886.
University Libraky, Utrecht.
*Upsala AcADiiMY (by Triibncr & Co.).
*Van Name, Adtli.son, New Haven, Connecticut, U. S. A. (by Allen).
*\^ASSAR College Library, Pokecpsie (bv H. Grevel).
•Victorian rAULiAMENT, Library of, Melbourne (by Mr. Geo. S. Ilobert.>;on,
17, Warwick Scjuare, E.C.).
•ViLES, Edward, Pendryl Hall, Cod.^^all "Wood, near Wolverhampton.
ViPAN, Frederick John, .31, Bedford Dace, W.C. {Extra Series only.)
Vloten, Dr. J. van, Haarlem, Holland.
*Walmsley, G. G., 50, Lord St., Liverpool.
* Walton, Charles, 2'2, Newington Butt.s, Southwark, S.E.
* Washington, Library of Congress, U, S. A. (by Allen).
*Watkinson Library, Hartford, Conn., U. 8. A. (by Allen).
*Watson, lloljcrt Spence, Moss Croft, Gateshead-on-Tyue.
"Wedgwood, Hensleigh, 31, Queen Anne Street, W.
*\Vheatley, Henry B., 12, Caroline St., Bedford Sq., W.C. {T>-ea surer.)
*Whitaker, J., 11, Warwick Lane, E.G. (by Triibner & Co.).
*WniTE, George H., Glenthorne, St. Mary Cliurch, Tor(]uay.
Whitney, Henry Austin, Boston, Massachusetts (by Triibner & Co.).
*WiLCOC!vS, Horace Stone, 32, Wyndham Sipiare, Plymouth.
•Wilkinson, Miss Isabel E., 2, Bark Side, Cambridge.
Williams, Sydney, W, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.
Wilson, Echnund, 8, Osborne Ter., Beech Grove, Leeds.
*WrLSON, Edward S., 0, Whitefriar Gate, Hull.
Wilson, Kichard M., Fountain Street, Manchester.
Wilson, Wm., Hyde Hill, Berwick-on-Tweed.
WlNSEU, Percy Jas., Woodland Terrace, Higher Broughton, Manchester.
*WiTTHOFT, Valentin, Berlin, W., An der Apostelkirche 2.
*WooD, llcv. J. S., D.D., The Rectory, Marstmi IMoretryne, Ampthill, Beds.
WooDiiAMS, J. P., High St., Brackley, Northants.
Worcester College, Oxford.
*Wken, Walter, 8, Powis Square, Westbourne Park, W.
*Wi!IGHT, Ur. W. Aldis, Trinity College, Cambridge.
Wl LCKER, Professor II. P. (by Mr. A. Twietmeyer, Leipzig).
*WuRZBURG LlBRAUY (by Triibner & Co.).
*Yale College Library, New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. (by Allen).
*VoRic Minster Library, York.
•ZUPITZA, Prof. Julius, Ph. D., Berlin (by Asher & Co.),
The Honorary Secretary of the Chaucer Sooiefi/ and the Ballad Sorirf)/
is W. A. Dal/.iel, Esq., G7, Victoria Kd., Finsbury Park, London, N.
The Hon. Sec. of the Ni')r SJiaJiUpn-e Sorirf i/ \s Kenneth Grahame. Esq..
G.^, Chelsea Gardens, Chelsea Bridge Boad, S.W.
Tiie Hon. Sec. of the Bron-iting Soclctij is Walter B. Slater, Esq., 2^9
Camden Eoad, London, N.
The Hon. Sec. of the Wycl'if Society is J. W. Standerwick, Esq., General
Post Office, London, E.G.
Tbe Hon. Sec. of The Shelley Society is Jas. Stanley Little, Esq., 76
Clarendon Koad, Holland Park, London, N.
RICUAKD CLAY AN-D SONS, LONDON AJ\'D Bl'NOAT.
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