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T  U  'A 


QUARTERLY 

JOURNAL  OF  AGRICULTURE, 


PUBUlSmCI)    KY    THJ*, 


FOR  OCTOBER.   1 -^rjQ. 


EDITED    BY    BEN:   PERLEY    POOBE, 
SecretAry^  of  the  Sooietjr. 


WASHINGTON,    D.    C, 
1859. 


THE    QUARTERLY 

JOURNAL  or  AGRICULTURE, 

PUBLISHED    BY    THE 

UNITED  STATES  AGEICULTUKAL  SOCIETY. 
Vol.  YIL  OCTOBER,  1859.  No.  3. 

TABLE    OF    CONTENTS. 

The  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, Page  193 

Address  of  President  Tilghman, 199 

Remarks  of  Senator  Crittenden, 203 

Remarks  of  Senator  Douglas, 207 

Awards  of  Premiums, 227 

Report  of  Committee  on  Steam-Plows, 253 

THE    secretary's   TABLE. 

The  Chicago  Awards, 283 

Eighth  Annual  Meeling, 283 


WASHINGTON",   D.  C. 

Puhlislied  at  the  Booms  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Society,  and  mailed  to 
Life  and  Annual  Members. 


OFFICERS   AND   MEMBERS 

OF    THE 

UNITED  STATES  AGRICULTRAL  SOCIETY, 

FOR   THE   YEAR    1S59-G0. 


PRESIDENT, 
TENCH  TILGHMAN,    Oxford,    Maryland. 


VICE  PRE 

N.  B.  CLOUD Alabama, 

SYLVESTER  MOWREY. Arizona, 

H.  A.  DYER Connecticut, 

A.  W.    McKEE California, 

JOHN  JONES..   Delaware, 

W.  W.  CORCORAN Dist.  Columbia, 

A.  G.  FULLER Dacoiah, 

S.  A.   MALLORY Florida, 

RICHARD    PETERS Georgia, 

D.  P.  HOLLO AVAY Indiana, 

JOHN  A.  KENNICOTT..7/Zinots, 
LEGRAND  BYINGTON.  ./oit-a, 
W.  L.  UNDERWOOD....  A'en/uc&y, 

W.  F.  M.  ARNY Kansas, 

J.  D.  B.   DkBO W Louisiana, 

JOHN   BROOKS Massachusetts, 

N.  N.  HARRISON Mississippi, 

A.  KIMMEL Maryland, 

HENRY  LED  YARD Michigan, 

EZEKIEL  HOLMES Maine, 


SIDENTS, 

H.  M.  RICE Minnesota, 

J.  R.  BARRETT Missou ri, 

HENRY  F.   FRENCH . . . .  JV.  Hampshire 

J.  H.  FRAZEE JVew  Jersey, 

B.   P.  JOHNSTON JS^ew  York, 

MANUEL  A.  OTERO .Yew  Mexico, 

W.  T.BROWN J^'ebraska, 

H.  K.  BURGWYN JK".  Carolina. 

F.  G.  CARY Ohio, 

J.  H.  LANE Oregon, 

A.  CLEMENTS Pennsylvania 

ELISHADYER Rhode  Island, 

F.  W.ALSTON S.  Carolina, 

THOS.  AFFLECK Texas. 

DELANO  R.  ECKELS...  C7<«/i, 

FRED.  HOLBROOK Vermont, 

W.  A.  SPENCE Virginia, 

D.  S.  CURTIS Wisconsin, 

I.  S.  STEPHENS Washington  T 


EXECUTIVE   COMMITTEE, 


T.  TILGHMAN,  {ex-officio)  ....  Maryland, 
MARSHALL  P.  \YILDER.... Massachusetts 

HENRY  AVAGER JVew  York,     ' 

JOHN  McGOWAN., Pennsylvania, 

FREDERICK  SMYTH JV.  Hampshire, 


JOSIAH  W.  WARE Virginia, 

J.  MERRIM  AN Maryland, 

HORACE  CAPRON Illinois, 

J.  M.  CANNON Iowa, 

B.  P.  POORE,  iex-officio.)  Massachusetts 


TREASURER, 
BENJAMIN  B.  FRENCH,   Washington,  D.    C. 


SECRETARY. 

BEN:  PERLEY  POORE,  0/)^ce,  356  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington,  D.  C- 

Office  hours  from  9  to  12,  A.  M.  and  2  to  4,  P.  M. 


OPERATIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  AGRICULTURAL  SOCIETY. 


The.  Journal  of  Agriculture  is  published  quarterly,  and  mailed  free  of  charge  to  Hon- 
orary, Life,  and  Annual  Members  of  the  Society.  Gentlemen  not  connected  with  the 
Society,  who  may  desire  to  receive  it,  are  invited  to  enrol  themselves  as  Members.  Life 
Members  receive  an  elegant  Dii)loma,  all  the  publications  of  the  Society,  free  tickets  of 
admission  to  all  exhibitions,  and  their  share  of  such  seeds  and  cuttings  as  may  be  pro- 
cured for  distribution,  without  any  additional  assessment  or  payment  beyond  the  admis- 
sion fee  of  ten  dollars.  Annual  Members  receive  the  publications  of  the  Society,  i^aying 
a  fee  of  two  dollars.  County  or  town  societies  having  the  privilege  of  making  their 
President,  Secretary,  or  Treasurer  cx-officio  a  Life  Member,  in  which  case  the  Society  Avill 
receive  the  publications,  &c.  Remittances  for  membershiiD  can  be  made  by  mail,  to  Hon. 
B.  B.  French,  Treasurer  United  States  Agricultural  Society,  Washington,  D.  C. 

A  Secretary's  Office,  Library  and  Reading  Room  lias  been  established  at  No.  356' 
Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington  City,  where  the  membei's  of  the  Society,  and  others 
interested  in  agricultural  improvement  meet  as  brothers  at  a  common  home,  and  find  a 
collection  of  objects  in  which  they  have  a  common  interest.  Many  State  and  County 
societies  have  contributed  their  published  transactions,  premium-lists,  the  names  of  their 
officers,  and  other  information,  which  has  been  registered,  and  they  have  received  the 
l^ublications  of  the  Society  in  return.  A  majority  of  the  agricultural  and  numerous  other 
publishers  have  contributed  their  periodicals  and  newspapers,  and  thus  aided  in  forming 
a  Free  Agricultural  Library  at  the  National  Meti'opolis.  Donations  of  models,  specimens 
of  fertilizers,  and  engravings  of  cattle  or  agricultural  implements,  are  also  solicited. 

Annual  Exhibitions-  — These  have  been  held  at  Springfield,  Mass. ;  Springfield,  Ohio; 
Boston,  Mass. ;  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Louisville,  Ky. ;  Richmond.  Va.,  and  Chicago,  Illi- 
nois, each  exhibition  distinguished  by  some  national  feature.  They  have  been  self-sus- 
taining, the  receipts  meeting  the  disbursements  of  upwards  of  one  hundred  and  twelve 
thousand  dollars  or  premiums  and  expenses;  and  they  have  not  only  increased  the  effi- 
ciency of  State  and  Local  Associations,  but  have  called  together  larger  assemblages  of 
people  than  have  ever  been  convened  upon  other  occasions,  embracing  not  only  our  most 
intelligent  yeomanry,  but  gentlemen  of  every  art  and  2>r'ofession  from  every  ijortion  of 
the  wide-spread  Union,  evincing  that  the  national  pulse  beats  in  unison  with  our  own, 
and  that  the  public  voice  is  resi^onsive  to  the  call. 

Annual  Meetings.  —  Seven  of  these  have  been  held  at  Washington  city,  and  they  con- 
stitute in  reality  the  central  "  Board  of  Agriculture,"  recomuicnded  by  the  Farmer  of 
Mount  Vernon.  Gentlemen  from  almost  every  State  in  the  Union,  (many  of  them  dele- 
gates from  Agricultural  Associations,)  haveannuallay  assembled  to  discuss  such  topics  as 
have  been  presented,  calculated  to  advance  the  cause  of  agricultural  imi^rovement,  inter- 
esting and  valuable  lectures  have  been  delivered  by  pi'actical  and  scientific  farmers;  re- 
ports have  been  submitted  by  committees  specially  ajipointed  to  examine  new  inventions 
and  theories,  and  by  delegates  who  have  been  accredited  to  the  agriculturists  of  other 
lauds;  and  there  has  been  a  general  interchange  of  opinion. 

The  United  States  Agricultural  Society  was  fountled  in  June,  18.52,  by  a  national 
Agricultural  Convention,  (called  by  the  direction  of  twplve  State  Agricultural  Associar- 
tions,)  at  which  there  were  present  one  hundred  and  fifty- two  delegates,  representing 
twenty-three  States  and  Territories.  It  has  since  been  in  active  operation,  receiving  the 
confidence,  patronage,  and  f  ivor  of  American  agriculturists,  and  co-operating  with  State 
and  Local  Associations.  If  it  has  not  accomiilished  all  which  its  founders  anticipated,  or 
which  its  present  officers  desire,  it  has  furnished  pleasing  evidence  of  its  growing  pros- 
l>erity  and  usefulness.  All  who  wish  to  aid  in  awakening  an  extemled  and  general  inter- 
est in  the  cultivation  of  the  soil,  are  respectfully  invited  to  enrol  their  names  with  those 
who  have  founded  the  National  Agricultural  Organization,  and  who  desire  to  make  it 
worthy  of  the  great  interest  upon  which  the  pi'osperity  and  happiness  of  our  country 
is  dependent. 

Washington,  D.  C,  October,  1859. 


JOURNAL  OF  ACIllICULTURE. 

Vol.  VII.  OCTOBER,  1859.  No.  3. 

THE  SEVENTH  NATIONAL  EXHlBmON. 


The  United  States  Agricultural  Society  held  its  Sevciitl!  Annual 
National  Exhibition  near  Chicago,  Illinois,  on  the  loth,  14th,  15th, 
16th  and  17th  days  of  September,  1859. 

Resolutions  had  been  passed,  at  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Society, 
held  at  Washington  in  January,  recommending  that  the  Exhibition  of 
1859  be  located  in  the  Northwest,  and  in  May,  President  Tilghman, 
with  Me&srs.  McGowan  and  Capron,  (delegated  by  tlie  Executive 
Committee,)  vis:ited  the  cities  in  that  section  of  the  Rei>ublic  from 
which  propositions  had  been  received.  After  liaving  infpccted  the 
grounds  at  each  place,  and  considered  the  proposals  made,  the  Sub- 
Committee  decided  unanimously  to  locate  the  Exhibition  at  Chicago. 
President  Tilghman  executed  a  contract  with  a  Committee  of  tlie 
citizens  there,  by  which  they  engaged  to  furnisli  the  grounds,  build- 
ings, fixtures,  forage,  water,  m.usic,  police,  <tc.,  &q.,  and  also 
guarau.'eel  that  the  receipts  should  not  be  less  than  $17,000.  This 
action  of  the  Sub-Committee  was  ratified  at  a  full  meeting  of  the  Ex- 
ecutive Committee  in  June.  A  Premium  List  was  then  reported  and 
adopted,  and  Col.  Horace  Capron,  of  Illinois,  was  appointed  General 
Superintendent.  The  Premium  List  was  issued  in  the  July  number  of 
the  Journal  of  Agriculture,  and  a  Second  Edition,  containing  the 
names  of  the  Judges  selected,  was  issued  at  Clueago  in  August. 

THE   SUPERINTENDENT. 

Col.  Capron  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  with  his  accustom- 
ed alacrity  and  energy.  Having  been  prominently  connected  with  the- 
Maryland  and  the  Illinois  Societies,  and  having  attended  the  Ex'u- 
bitions  of  other  States,  he  was  thoroughly  acquainted  with  the  wants 
of  the  congregated  Agriculturists  of  the  Union,  and  he  left  nothing 
undone  that  could  promote  the  success  of  the  Exhibition,  or  the  com- 
fort of  the  Exhibitors.  The  instructions  of  the  President  were  fol- 
lowed, and  the  discretionary  powers  with  which  he  was  invested  were 
most  judiciously  exercised  ;  the  grounds  were  "located,"  and  plans 
for  buildings  were  approved  ;  the  work  as  it  progressed  was  carefully 
25 


iy4 


Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 


supervised ;  a  wide  publicity  was  given  to  the  Exhibition,  and  an  ex- 
tensive correspondence  was  kept  up  with  those  likely  to  become  ex- 
hibitors. Col.  Oapron  was  fortunate  in  securing  the  counsels  of 
that  veteran  in  the  ranks  of  progressive  Western  cultivators,  Dr. 
John  A,  Kennicott,  of  Northfield,  Illinois,  who  first  suggested  the 
holding  of  the  Exhibition  at  Chicago,  and  who  contributed  largely 
to  its  success.  Efficient  aid  was  also  rendered  during  the  prepara- 
tions and  throughout  the  Exhibition  by  the  Superintendent's  Secre- 
tary, Mr.  Frank  W.  Reilly,  and  the  following  gentlemen  appropri- 
ately uniformed,  and  well  mounted,  acted  as 

AIDS   TO    THE   SUPERINTENDENT  : 


R.  N.  J.  Hamilton, 
A.  Spink, 

D.  L.  Boone, 
Wm.  C.  Egan, 

E.  Bloodgood, 

J.  G.  Vv^OODRUFF, 
J.  G.  DUBKN, 

F.  R.  H.  Hughes, 
J.  P.  Campbell, 


J.  GuPvLEY, 

S.  E.  Cleveland, 
L.  H.  Hyat, 
J.  E.  Blackney, 
C.  R.  Sheldon, 

J.  G.  S/XLTONSTALL, 

E.  R.  J.  Armstrong, 
A.  B.  Chapoton, 
C.  H.  Hunt, 


J.  D.  Wiiitall, 
R.  L.  Fabian, 
E.  D.  J.  Morgan, 
W.  D.  Cassen, 
G.  J.  Warren, 
O.  C.  Foster, 
J.  H.  Roberts, 
H.  L.  Forest, 
J.  B.  Taylor, 


THE   ENTRIES. 

Suitable  books  were  opened  for  the  entries,  by  the  industrious  and 
experienced  Local  Secretary,  Charles  Kennicott,  Esq.,  aided  by  a 
corps  of  clerks.  The  entry-books  were  divided, — as  was  the  premi- 
um list, — into  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  classes,  and  the  entries 
were  "  posted"  into  as  many  committee-books,  all  of  which  were 
ready  for  the  Judges  on  the  second  morning  of  the  Exhibition.  This 
system  not  only  makes  it  certain  that  committees  are  advised  of  every 
entry  in  the  class  submitted  to  their  judgment,  but  preserves  the 
record  of  their  awards,  made  on  pages  opposite  to  the  entries.  Large 
as  was  the  numbers  of  entries  made  for  the  regular  premiums  of  the 
society,  there  was  not  an  omission  or  an  error  reported.  In  some 
instances,  (and  generally  at  the  request  of  Exhibitors,)  articles  or  im- 
plements similar  to  those  for  which  premiums  were  oifered,  were  en- 
tered in  the  same  class,  on  a  "  miscellaneous"  page.  A  few  of  the 
articles  or  implements  thus  entered,  were  compared  by  judges  with 
similar  "  miscellaneous"  articles  on  the  books  of  other  committees, 
and  double  sets  of  awards  were  made.  This  will  be  avoided,  in 
future,  by  placing  no  entries  upon  the  regular  committee-books,  ex- 
cept those  for  the  premiums  offered. 

THE    grounds    and   BUILDINGS. 

The  grounds  were  forty-five  acres  in  extent,  of  level,  well 
swarded  prairie,  and   including  a  portion  of_the  beautiful  belt  of 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,    September,  1859.  195 

timber  from  which  the  surbiirb,  "Cottage  Grove,"  takes  its  name. 
Cars  of  tlie  City  Ilorse  Railroad  ran  before  the  gateway  ;  a  few 
huiulrod  yards  distant  was  a  station  on  tlie  Illinois  Central  Rail 
road  and  there  was  an  abundant  supply  of  onmibusses,  carriages 
and  wagons. 

Tiie  main  entrance  was  ornamented  with  appropriate  agricultural 
devices,  which  (with  all  the  other  structures,)  was  designed  by 
VV.  W.  BoYiNGTON,  Architect.  On  each  side  of  this  entrance  were 
commodious  edifices,  containing  accommodations  for  ticket  sellers, 
the  Treasurer,  and  the  Police.  Further  on  and  back,  at  the  right 
hand,  was  the  office  of  the  Secretary,  with  ample  rooms  for  the 
entry-clerks,  committees,  &c.  ;  while  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
entrance,  at  the  left,  was  the  office  of  the  Superintendent,  with 
rooms  for  the  press  and  the  telegraph.  Near  by  Avere  the  Head 
Quarters  of  President  Tilghman  ;  —  the  Dining-hall  of  the  Society  ; 
—  and  the  Ladies'  Cottage.  These  were  all  well  constructed  build- 
ings, fitted-up  with  all  requisite  conveniences,  and  designated  by 
inscriptions  on  flags  or  signs. 

Nearly  one  thousand  stalls,  for  horses  and  cattle,  were  erected 
on  three  sides  of  the  enclosure,  with  double  roofs,  racks,  mangers, 
<fec.  There  were  two  hundred  pens  for  sheep  and  swine,  and 
coops  for  poultry.  The  different  classes  were  designated  by  large 
signs. 

Within  the  lines  of  stalls  and  pens  was  a  carriage-drive,  seventy- 
five  feet  in  width,  which  enabled  visitors  in  vehicles  to  obtain  a 
passing  view  of  all  the  animals  in  a  short  time.  On  the  inner-side 
of  this  drive  were  six  large  buildings,  (three  on  each  side,)  each 
fifty  by  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet,  and  covered  by  water-proof 
roofing.  They  were  :  Floral  Hall,  with  an  adjoining  Tent ;  Fine 
Arts  Hall ;  Mechanical  Hall,  with  a  one  hundred  horse  power 
steam  engine ;  Implement  Hall ;  Product  Hall ;  and  Domestic 
Hall. 

In  the  centre  of  the  grounds  was  an  enclosed  circular  park, 
around  which — half  a  mile  —  ran  a  track  forty  feet  in  width, 
roUed  smooth  and  firm.  Within  the  park  and  near  the  track, 
was  a  Grand  Stand,  two  stories  high.  The  lower  story  (which 
was  elevated  some  ten  feet  above  the  ground,)  was  for  the 
Officers  of  the  Society  and  invited  guests,  and  the  upper  story  was 
used  as  an  orchestra.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  track  was  a 
long  row  of  elevated  seats,  capable  of  accommodating  ten  thousand 


196  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

spectators.  There  was  also  a  large  space  of  ground  for  the  exhibi- 
tion of  Agricultural  Implements,  and  there  were  numerous  build- 
ings for  refreshments.  Large  water-tanks  furnished  copious  sup- 
plies for  the  stock,  and  for  the  watering-carts  bj  which  the  dust 
was  effectually  kept  down,  and  there  was  ample  provision  of 
lia}^  grain  and  green  orn.  A  space  at  the  further  side  of  the 
enclosure  was  reserved  for  the  steam-ploughs,  wliich  attracted 
much  attoition,  and  there  were  pavilions  erected  for  the  especial 
display  of  various  articles. 

RAILROAD    ACCOMMODATJONS. 

Liberal  arrangements  were  consummated  with  the  leading  rail- 
roads of  the  West.  Ihe  Illinois  Central,  Cliicago,  Burlington  and 
Quincy,  Chicago  and  Galena,  Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  Chicago 
and  Rock  Island,  Mississippi  and  Missouri,  and  Bureau  Valley, 
Chicago  and  North-western,  (late,  St.  Paul  and  Fond  duLac,)  Racine 
and  Mississippi,  (a  new  direct  route  between  Chicago  and  Free- 
port,  enabling  citizens  to  attend  both  the  State  and  National  Fairs,) 
Peoria  and  Oquawka,  Iowa  and  Nebraska,  Cincinnati,  Hamilton 
and  Dayton,  Cincinnati  and  Lexington,  Dayton  and  Lima,  and 
Pittsburgh  and  Fort  Wayne  Railroads,  carried  stock  and  articles 
free,  and  all  except  the  Pittsburgh  and  Fort  Wayne  road  carried 
visitors  at  half  the  usual  fare.  Tiie  Pittsburgh  and  Fort  Wayne 
carried  passengers  at  a  reduction  of  40  per  cent,  from  the  usual 
rates.  Tlie  Michigan  Southern  and  Michigan  Central  carried  pas- 
sengers, stock,  and  articles  at  half  the  usual  rates.  The  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  road  carried  stock  and  articles,  at  half  the  usual  rates. 

The  following  regulations  were  enforced :  "  Full  pay  will  be 
required  lor  tickets  going  to  the  Fair,  and  these  tickets,  stamped 
by  the  Secretary  of  the  Society,  will  be  good  for  the  return  trip. 
Tlie  freight  of  stock  and  other  articles  over  the  roads  to  the  Fair 
must  be  prepaid.  On  the  return  of  the  same  property,  with  a  cer- 
tificate on  the  original  freight  bill,  stamped  by  the  Secretary  of  the 
Society,  stating  that  the  same  was  exhibited  at  the  National  Fair, 
the  freight  money  will  be  refunded." 

PRELIMINARY  ARRANGEMENTS. 

President  Tilghman,  witli  the  entire  Executive  Committee,  was 
on  the  ground  the  week  preceding  the  Exhibition,  actively  engaged 
in  perfecting  tlie  arrangements.     The   Superintendents  of  Depart- 


At  C/iicag'o,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  197 

mciits  were  ;  Cattle,  Hon.  James  N.  Brown  ;  Horses,  S.  A.  Buck- 
master  ;  Sheep  and  Swine,  A.  B.  McConnell ;  Poultry,  Henry 
Chase ;  Farm  and  Garden  Products,  C.  W.  Webster ;  Horticul- 
taral  and  Pom olug  leal,  C.  R.  Overman  ;  Artistic  and  Scientific, 
W.  W.  Boyington. 

It  was  the  intention  of  the  Officers  of  the  i-^ocicty  to  have  opened 
the  Exhibition  on  Monday,  the  12th,  but  the  preparations  had  been 
delayed  by  heavy  showers  on  the  Friday  and  Saturday  of  the  preced- 
ing week.  These  rains,  however,  gave  freshness  to  the  sward,  and 
laid  the  dust  on  tlie  roads  around  the  grounds,  which  had  been 
beaten  fine  and  light  by  passing  wheels  in  weeks  of  drought.  On 
Sunday  the  weather  cleared  up,  and  the  Fair  Week  deserved  its  name 
as  meteorologically  true. 

Monday  was  a  busy  day  of  final  preparation.  The  army  of  exhib- 
itors was  "  getting  into  position,"  and  the  streets  of  Chicago  leading 
towards  the  grounds,  were  astir  with  ant-like  trains  of  drays,  and  ex- 
l^ress  vragons,  and  heavy  vans,  bearing  from  railroad  depots  or  from 
various  parts  of  the  city,  the  multifiirious  treasures  for  the  Great 
Fair.  Here  went  a  gilded  mirror  nursed  tenderly  in  the  arms  of  at- 
tendants, and  yonder  clattered  and  clinked  a  cooking  stove,  or  its 
parlor  comrades.  Agricultural  implements,  ponderous  machines, 
cases  of  delicate  metal  work,  of  millinary,  of  pictures,  all  joined  in- 
the  Hegira.  And  there  were  other  attractions  moving  thitherward, 
among  which  were  flocks  of  sheep,  droves  of  Durhams  and  Devons, 
spirited  horses  harnessed  to  skeleton  vehicles,  wagons  in  which  re- 
posed obese  porkers,  coops  of  poultry,  elks,  goats  and  other  animals, 
many  of  them  of  rare  excellence. 

Within  tha  Grounds,  what  a  bustle  was  there  !  What  an  opening 
of  packing  boxas,  and  adjusting  of  stands,  and  hanging  of  signs,  and 
discussion  of  decorations  ;  and  how  they  run  to  and  fro,  and  how 
everybody  believed  nothing  unless  the  Superintendent  of  his  depart- 
ment said  it ;  and  how  the  Superintendents,  each  and  all,  answered  a 
double  extra  long  catechism  of  questions  —  lo,  are  not  these  ever  the 
usual  accompaniments  which  attend  the  opening  of  a  National  Exhi- 
bition. All  was  confusion,  yet  before  night,  much  was  accomplished, 
and  by  the  next  morning  there  was  "  a  place  for  everything  and 
everything  in  its  place." 


198  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

FIRST  DAY.  — September  13th. 

There  was  an  uniisually  large  attendance,  and  no  sooner  were  the 
gates  opened,  than  the  people  "  came  as  the  waves  come  when  navies 
are  stranded."  Numerous  and  commodious  as  were  the  different  de- 
scriptions of  vehicles  provided  for  conveyance  between  the  city  and 
the  grounds,  they  were  far  from  sufficient  to  accommodate  the  masses. 
The  long  train  of  cars  ran  every  half  hour  on  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  were  closely  packed,  the  cars  on  the  Horse  Railroad  were 
not  only  filled  but  covered,  and  every  vehicle  used  was  crowded  with 
passengers. 

THE   PROCESSION. 

At  the  hour  of  9  A,  M.,  Lake  and  Dearborn  streets,  in  front  of  the 
Tremont  House  were  astir  with  a  crowd  awaiting  the  movement  of 
the  cortege  and  escort  of  the  officers  of  the  U.  S.  Agricultural  Socie- 
ty and  their  guests  to  the  Fair  Ground.  The  military  escort  was 
that  noted  corps  of  cavalry,  the  "  Chicago  Dragoons,"  Capt.  C.  W. 
Baker,  with  a  mounted  band.  Col.  Capron  and  his  Aids  followed, 
presenting  a  fine  appearance.  In  the  first  carriage,  (drawn  by  four 
gray  horses,)  were  President  Tilghman,  Senators  Douglas  and  Crit- 
tenden, and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Whipple,  chaplain  of  the  day.  In  the  next 
carriage  were  Governors  Randall  of  Wisconsin,  and  Willard  cf  Indi- 
ana, Ex-Governor  Reynolds  of  Illinois,  and  Adjutant  General  Mather, 
Aid  to  his  Excellency,  Gov.  Eissell,  of  Illinois,  and  representing  him 
on  this  occasion.  In  the  succeeding  carriages  followed  Chief  Justice 
Caton,  Hon.  Judge  Breese,  Hon.  J.  F.  Farnsworth,  Mayor  Haines, 
Hon.  Lewis  Ellsworth,  President  of  Illinois  State  Agricultural  Asso- 
ciation;  Hon.  J.  Willard;  Julian  S.  Rumsey,  Esq.,"  President  of  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Trade;  J.  V,  Farwell,  Esq.,  President  of  the  Chi- 
cago Mechanics'  Institute ;  Col.  J.  B.  F.  Russell ;  B.  P.  Johnson  and 
Henry  Wager,  of  N.  Y.  State  Agricultural  Society ,  Major  John 
Jones,  of  Delaware ;  Hon.  John  Brooks,  of  Mass.;  Josiah  Ware,  of 
Virginia  ;  J.  McGowan,  of  Philadelphia  Agricultural  Society ;  John 
Merrimau,  President  of  Maryland  State  Agricultural  Society  ;  Hon. 
J.  K.  Barrett,  President,  with  Chas.  Todd,  C.  L.  Hunt,  W.  L.  Ew- 
ing,  Jno.  A.  Wetherill,  and  C.  A.  C.  Wade,  delegates  from  the  St. 
Louis  Agricultural  Association ;  Hon.  Frederick  Smyth,  of  the  New 
Hampshire  State  Agricultural  Society  ;  J.  H.  Waters,  of  California  ; 
W.  F.  M.  Arney,  of  Kansas  ;  Major  B.  B.  French,  of  Washington; 
Hon.  James  M.  Hubbard,  of  Ohio  ;  J.  M.  Cannon  and  Le  Grand  By- 
ington,  of  Iowa  ;  Charles  Gilman,  Esq.,  of  Maryland,  with  other  resi- 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  199 

dents,  strangers,  and  representatives  of  the  Press  of  Boston,  New 
York.  St.  Louis  and  Chicago. 

The  procession  moved  off  through  tlic  appointed  line  of  march, 
along  Lake,  South  Clark  and  Madison  Streets,  Michigan  Aveniie, 
Van  Buren  and  Wabash  Avenues,  and  along  the  latter  southward  to 
the  north  line  of  the  Fair  Grounds  where  it  crossed  to  Cottage  Grove 
Avenue,  entered  the  Grounds  by  tlie  main  entrance,  passed  round 
the  track,  and  halted  in  front  of  the  Grand  Stand. 

The  appearance  of  the  Fair  Grounds  at  this  time  was  most  enliven- 
ing and  beautiful.  The  number  of  visitors  drawn  together  bj  the 
particular  attraction  of  the  inauguration  exercises,  enhanced  by  the 
presence  of  distinguished  Agriculturists  and  Statesmen,  was  im- 
mense. Not  less  than  ten  thousand  persons,  ladies  and  gentlemen, 
were  gathered  about  the  Grand  Stand  or  occupied  the  banks  of  seats, 
in  eager  waiting  for  the  exercises  of  the  morning. 

THE   INAUGURAL    EXERCISES. 

About  half-past  ten  o'clock.  President  Tilghman  advanced  to  the 
front  of  the  Grand  Stand,  and  said: 

"The  time  has  now  arrived,  gentlemen,  for  the  formal  beginning  of  the  ceremo- 
nies connected  with  the  opening  of  this  Fair.  The  first,  as  always  the  most  proper 
step  in  these  ceremonies,  will  be  the  offering  up  of  an  invocation  to  Almighty  God 
for  His  blessing  on  the  work  in  which  we  are  about  to  engage.  This  will  be  done 
by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Whipple,  of  Chicago,  Bishop  elect  of  tbe  Diocese  of  Minne- 
sota." 

Rev.  Mr.  Whipple,  in  a  brief  but  fervent  and  appropriate  prayer, 
besought  the  blessing  of  that  God,  who,  when  He  first  made  man, 
placed  him  in  a  garden  to  dress  it. 

The  President  then  delivered  the  opening  Address,  in  a  clear  and 
distinct  tone : 

PRESIDENT  TILGHMAN'S  OPENING  ADDRESS. 

Fellow  Countrymen,  Ladies  and  Guests  of  tlie  United.  States  Agricultural  So- 
ciety.— In  the  heart  of  the  Far  West,  on  the  shore  of  the  great  American  lake, 
whose  ample  bosom  would  contain  the  commerce  of  the  world,  behold  an  assem- 
bled multitude  —  a  vast  gathering  of  the  people.  From  the  farthest  portions  of 
this  continent  and  even  from  other  and  more  distant  climes,  you  have  come  up, 
impelled  by  a  common  motive  and  for  the  promotion  of  a  common  object.  Before 
proceeding  to  the  performance  of  the  duties  for  which  we  have  met,  it  is  proper  to 
make  a  brief  explanation  of  our  purposes,  and  this  explanation  should  come  from 
those  who  gave  the  impulse  to  a  movement,  the  present  effect  of  which  is  so  im- 
posing. What  then  is  the  purpose  and  what  the  object  which  has  called  from  their 
distant  homes  this  mighty  throng  ?  In  ancient  times  it  might  have  been  to  pr.y 
their  homage  to  old  ocean's  god,  to  whom  they  considered  themselves  indebted  for 
the  horse  ;  albeit  they  have  left  us  in  ignorance  of  his  peculiar  points,  nor  has  any 


200  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

geologist  been  able  to  discover  whether  he  resembled  more  nearly  the  Morgan  or 
the  .Black  Hawk.  It  might  have  been  in  honor  of  the  "  blue-eyed  maid"  v/ho  first 
produced  the  olive,  whose  accomplishments  were  scarcely  inferior  to  those  of  a 
modern  Minerva,  and  whose  fabulous  birth  was  not  more  wonderful  than  that  of 
yonder  city  springing  into  maturity  at  a  single  bound,  equi])ped  for  contest  with 
those  older  marts,  who  vainly  fancied  they  had  monopolized  both  the  commerce 
and  refinement  of  the  nation.  Were  these  our  objects,  and  were  such  our  motives, 
more  fitting  would  it  be  to  rear  our  shrines  to  Ceres  for  those  golden  harvests  which 
have  just  been  garnered,  or  those  yet  richer  which  still  remain  to  crown  ths  labors 
of  a  fruitful  year  ;  to  Pomona  for  those  luscious  fruits  ;  or  to  Flora  for  those  fragrant 
flowers  which  render  yonder  hall  a  temple,  in  which  even  a  goddess  might  delight  to 
dwell,  or  even  to  the  rosy-cheeked  god  of  the  wine-press,  Avhose  votaries  throng 
the  vine  clad  hills  of  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi.  On  no  such  altars  as  these  is  our 
homage  rendered.  Among  our  many  priA  ileges,  the  highest  of  all  is  that  of  being 
a  Christian  people  ;  and  our  only  adoration  is  paid  to  the  true  God,  to  whose  praise 
the  first  act  in  our  proceedings  was  fitly  devoted.  By  His  blessing  the  labors  of 
tlie  husbandman  have  been  crowned  with  success.  In  a  spirit  of  gratitude  and  in 
acknoAvledgment  of  the  dependence  of  all  upon  the  products  of  the  soil — the 
farmer  and  the  mechanic,  the  merchant  and  manufacturer,  the  student  and  the  man 
of  leisure,  with  many  of  the  fair  and  lovely  daughters  of  the  land  have  come  to 
join  in  this  great  carnival  of  agriculture,  this  jubilee  of  a  nation's  husbandry. 
"Were  the  social  eff'ect  of  such  a  gathering  alone  to  be  considered,  it  would  bo  diffi- 
cult to  estimate  the  value  of  occasions  Avhich  bring  together  the  citizens  of  every 
section  of  our  extensive  country,  and  establish  relations  of  deep  and  lasting 
friendship  between  them  —  where  the  asperities  and  prejudicies  engendered  and 
cherished  by  false  impressions  are  all  fused  in  the  crucible  of  good  feeling  and 
nothing  remains  but  the  dross  upon  the  surface,  to  be  scattered  like  dust  by  the 
slightest  breath  of  patriotism.  But  there  are  other  and  stronger  reasons  for  our 
association,  pertaining  directly  to  the  advancement  of  our  profession  as  agricultur- 
ists. From  a  period  in  the  history  of  our  country  coeval  with  the  formation  of 
the  general  government,  the  farmers  of  the  country  have  felt  the  want  of  a  more 
intimate  union  by  which  alone  that  concert  of  action  S3  essential  to  their  common 
interests  could  be  eftectcd.     [Applause.] 

They  commenced  with  county  and  district  associations,  which  gradually  develop- 
ed into  State  societies.  Still,  however,  they  found  themselves  deficient  in  that 
union  between  the  several  parts  of  the  country,  which  could  alone  secure  to  each 
the  benefit  of  the  improvements  made  by  all,  and  could  give  to  the  profession  of 
Agriculture  that  influence  in  the  nation,  which  is  alike  necessary  to  protect  it  from 
the  eff'ect  of  injurious  legislation  —  to  command  for  it  that  degree  of  aid  and  pro- 
tection to  which  it  is  justly  entitled,  and  to  give  the  farmers  of  America  a  position 
among  those  of  the  world  commensurate  with  the  power  and  dignity  of  the  Ameri- 
can people.  The  National  Society  thus  became  a  natural  development  of  State 
institutions.  After  many  ineffectual  attempts,  attended  with  various  degrees  of 
success,  the  Convention  in  which  the  present  society  was  formed  assembled  at  the 
city  of  Washington  in  the  year  1851.  In  this  convention  eleven  State  Societies 
were  represented  by  delegations,  and  distinguished  agriculturists  from  twelve  other 
States  and  territories  participated  in  its  proceedings  —  among  the  latter  were 
Millard  Fillmore,  President  of    the  United   States  ;  Daniel  We'jster,  Secretary  of 


At  Chicagv,  Illinois,  Sept  ember,  1S59.  201 

State  ;  Senators  Bell,  of  Tennessee,  and-Dawson,  of  Georgia  ;  and  the  distinguish- 
ed Senator  from  Illinois,  now  present,  was  a  member  of  the  committee  by  whom 
the  constitution  was  prepared.  The  venerahle  George  Washington  Parke  Custis 
was  also  a  memlier,  and  served  as  a  Vice  President  until  his  death. 

llclying  upon  the  support  of  a  generous  and  discriminating  people,  by  whom  it 
was  created,  and  for  whom  it  was  prepared  to  labor,  it  coramencf  d  forthwith  a 
series  of  annual  National  Exhibitions,  which  have  now  continued,  with  unfailing 
regularity  for  a  period  of  seven  years.  During  this  time  it  has  collected  and  dis- 
bursed more  than  $112,000,  the  effect  of  which  upon  the  wealth  of  the  nation  it 
would  be  difncult  to  estimate.  In  every  city  where  its  Fairs  have  been  held,  an 
amount  has  been  expended,  and  a  stimulus  given  to  every  department  of  busi- 
ness far  beyond  the  cost  of  securing  its  attendance.  And  who  that  beholds  the 
display  by  Avhich  we  are  at  present  surrounded,  can  say  that  it  has  not  become  an 
established  institution  of  the  country  ;  and  that  the  country  itself  has  not  been 
elevated  to  a  higher  position  by  the  evidence  Avhich  is  thus  afforded  of  the  energy 
and  power  of  its  peoi)le.  But  a  few  brief  years  have  elapsed  since  this  city,  al- 
ready claiming  to  be  the  granary  of  the  world,  was  an  outpost  on  the  frontier  set- 
tlenients  of  our  country  —  beyond  it  was  a  boundless  wilderness,  inhabited  only 
by  the  savage  and  the  beasts  of  the  forest. 

Will  you  pardon  me,  brother  Farmers  of  Illinois  and  V\^isconsin,  of  Iowa  and 
Minnesota,  if  I  j-ield  for  a  moment  to  the  influence  of  over-powering  associations 
connected  with  the  eventful  period  in  your  history.  When  the  pioneers  of  your  now 
smiling  and  peaceful  countrj'  were  fleeing  in  terror  from  the  tomahawk  and  scalp- 
ing-knife  of  the  savage  ;  when  their  wives  and  children  were  crowded  together  in 
the  block  house  at  Fort  Dearborn,  which  stood  in  the  very  heart  of  your  now  popu- 
lous city  —  a  small  body  of  troops  was  sent  from  the  seaboard  to  afford  them  suc- 
cor and  protection.  Of  that  ill-fated  band,  who  were  exposed  to  the  two-fold  vicis- 
situdes of  war  and  pestilence,  it  was  my  lot  to  be  a  Lieutenant,  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  gallant  Scott,  a  name  dear  to  every  American.  [Applause.]  You 
will  not  wonder,  therefore,  that  I  feel  a  peculiar  interest  in  your  groAvth  and  pros- 
perity, and  that  when  I  look  on  the  familiar  scenery  of  your  lake  and  river,  and 
think  of  your  boundless  prairies,  over  which  I  have  marched  with  no  other  guide 
than  the  compass  and  the  sun,  I  feel  that  I  am  not  a  stranger,  and  that  in  bidding 
you  welcome  on  your  own  soil,  I  am  exercising  the  privilege  of  one  who  may  al- 
most claim  the  rights  of  a  citizen  among  you.  In  a  brief  period  after  the  events 
to  which  I  have  alluded,  the  rushing  tide  of  emigration  came  pouring  in  through 
these  great  lakes,  whose  commerce  now  rivals  that  of  our  Atlantic  coast,  and 
pressing  onward  to  the  farthest  verge  of  navigation,  found  its  way  to  this  favored 
spot,  where  the  eastern  projection  of  the  dry  prairie  meets  the  western  extremity 
of  navigation  on  the  lakes.  From  this  common  point  of  departure  they  spread 
throughout  that  territory  which  their  labors  have  converted  into  an  empire,  and  the 
returning  tide  of  commerce  has  built  up  a  mart  for  the  outlet  of  their  products, 
the  growth  of  which  has  not  been  equalled  by  that  of  any  city  in  the  world. 

It  was  the  proud  boast  of  the  great  Peter  that  he  had  built  an  imperial  city, 
but  where  shall  we  find  another  instance  of  a  city  which  has  attained  the  magni- 
tude of  Chicago  by  the  fruits  of  agriculture  alone.  [Applause.]  She  is  a  fit 
emblem  of  the  power  of  the  West,  which  is  already  competing  for  the  control  of 
the  nation,  and  at  the  last  annual  meeting  of  this  society  in  Washington,  claimed 
as  a  matter  of  right  the  location  of  the  next  annual  fsir.     To  the  State  of  Illinois 

26 


202  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

it  seemed  to  be  justly  due,  for  the  roll  of  her  Agricultural  Societies  has  already  ex- 
ceeded that  of  any  other  State,  and  she  alone  presented  more  than  one  competitor 
for  the  honor.  The  city  of  Peoria,  small  in  numbers  but  large  in  enterprise  and 
confident  in  her  own  resources,  was  first  in  the  field,  and  evinced  a  liberality  which, 
in  proportion  to  her  ability,  was  even  greater  than  that  of  her  more  fortunate  rival. 
Considerations  of  national  policy  compelled  us  to  decide  against  her  —  but  her 
spirit  and  generosity  excited  our  highest  admiration,  and  I  here  bespeak  from  all 
the  exhibitors  now  present  their  patronage  of  her  Fair  which  will  be  held  during 
the  ensuing  week.     [Applause.] 

And  now  let  us  contemplate  for  a  moment  the  scene  befoi-e  us,  and  the  duties 
which  it  involves.  What  an  evidence  does  it  afford  of  the  irresistible  energy  of 
the  American  people.  Less  than  sixty  days  ago  the  bosom  of  this  beautiful  prairie 
was  reposing  in  quiet  loveliness.  Where  the  stillness  of  nature  then  reigned 
supreme,  all  is  now  teeming  with  life  and  energy.  The  list  of  articles  now  entered 
is  greater  than  at  the  same  period  on  any  similar  occasion  and  twice  as  large  as  that 
at  the  State  Fair  in  this  city  only  four  years  ago.  It  embraces  already  sixteen 
States  and  the  Province  of  Canada,  extending  from  the  British  Provinces  to 
Texas,  and  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific.      [Continued  applause.] 

Fifty-seven  Agricultural  and  Horticultural  Societies  are  now  represented  by  del- 
egations, embracing  seventeen  States,  one  Territory,  the  District  of  Columbia  and 
the  Canadas.  Grounds  so  extensive  as  to  require  for  the  first  time  the  establish- 
ment of  a  line  of  conveyances  to  transport  spectators  from  one  part  of  the  exhi- 
bition to  another,  are  encircled  with  a  living  wall  of  the  finest  specimens  of  the  ani- 
mal creation.  Halls  which  rival  in  extent  the  immense  depots  of  commerce,  are 
crowded  beyond  their  capacity  with  the  creations  of  genius  and  art.  Extensive  areas 
are  covered  with  the  productions  of  mechanical  skill  and  ingenuitj^,  and  even  be- 
yond the  limits  of  the  exhibition,  railroads  have  been  constructed  to  convey  to  our 
gates  the  panting  coursers  of  the  iron  way,  who  look  defiant  upon  your  enclosures, 
and  like  the  fleet  champions  of  the  turf,  demand  admission  to  your  lists,  and  a  decis- 
ion upon  their  respective  merits.  The  telegraph  and  printing  press  are  in  constant 
operation,  and  every  department  of  business  is  fully  represented.  By  the  awards 
•which  will  here  be  made,  the  interests  of  the  farmer  and  the  value  of  property  of 
of  every  description  may  be  aff'ected  to  an  extent  almost  incredible,  not  only  by 
the  appreciation  of  what  is  really  valuable,  but  should  the  decision  be  erroneous 
by  promoting  the  introduction  of  articles  which  are  worthless,  and  will  only  prove 
a  source  of  vexation  and  loss  to  those  who  may  thus  be  induced  to'purchase  them. 
Let  meurgeupon  the  judges  in  the  various  departments  to  act  fairly  and  fearlessly 
in  full  view  of  their  high  responsibility.  Let  them  not  swerve  from  the  path  of 
duty,  either  wilfully  or  from  want  of  thorough  investigation.  Let  them  remember 
that  it  is  their  duty  to  separate  the  wheat  from  the  chaff" — that  they  are  equally 
bound  to  condemn  the  worthless  and  commend  the  good.  The  correctness  of  their 
awards  involves  not  only  their  own  reputation,  but  that  of  the  Society,  and,  to 
some  extent   of  even  the  country  itself. 

And  when  in  after  years  the  value  of  respective  premiums  shall  be  discussed,  let 
those  awarded  at  Chicago  be  distinguished  for  fairness,  integrity,  and  strict  relia- 
bility. 

Among  the  large  number  of  gentlemen  of  high  distinction,  who  have  manifested 
by  their  presence  the  deep  interest  they  feel  in  this  Exhibition,  it  would  seem  almost 


At  Chicago,  Illinois y  September,  1859.  2QS 

invidious  to  discriminate.  But  there  is  one,  whose  purity  of  character,  eminent 
ability,  uniform  devotion  to  the  cause  of  agriculture,  and  long  and  valuable  services 
to  his  country  have  secured  a  hold  upon  the  heart  of  the  nation  which  will  be  man- 
ifested wherever  he  may  be.  The  name  of  Crittenden  is  a  household  word, 
and  I  will  not  trespass  further  upon  the  limits  of  propriety  than  to  express 
on  the  part  of  the  Society  their  sincere  gratification  at  his  presence.  [Continued 
cheers  ] 

The  Seventh  Annual  exhibition  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Society  is  no.w 
formally  opened. 

The  band  played  "  Hail  Columbia,"  after  which  President  Tilgh- 
MAN  introduced  the  Hon.  John  J.  Crittenden,  U.  S.  Senator  from 
Kentucky. 

SENATOR     CRITTENDEN'S     REMARKS. 

Fellow  Citizens  : — 1  have  only  a  very  few  words  to  say.  The  unexpected,  and  I 
may  say,  unmerited  allusion  to  me  in  such  complimentary  terms,  compels  me  to 
appear  before  j'ou.  I  have  invariably  upon  such  occasions  preferred  the  privilege 
of  sitting  as  a  quiet  listener  and  spectator,  instead  of  speaking  myself,  but  the  cir- 
cumstances under  which  I  am  now  placed,  compel  me  to  appear  before  you.  I  am 
here,  gentlemen,  by  accident,  and  I  rejoice  that  I  am.  I  have  been  travelling  for  a 
few  weeks  past,  merely  for  amusement  and  recreation,  and  to  see  a  great  section  of 
my  country.  I  have  been  a  good  deal  further  north  than  this,  and  it  was  on  my  re- 
turn home,  that  I  happened  fortunately,to  be  at  Chicago  just  about  the  time  appoint- 
ed for  your  Fair,  and  being  here,  the  hospitality  and  kindness  of  friends  have  com- 
pelled me,  almost  against  my  will,  to  be  present  to  day,  and  enjoy  the  privilege 
of  meeting  with  you. 

Gentlemen,  I  have,  it  is  true,  endeavored  for  a  long  time  to  be  of  some  sez-vice 
to  my  country  in  the  high  places  with  which  I  have  been  honored  by  my  native 
State.  If  I  have  earned  and  acquired  the  approbation  of  good  men,  it  is  all  that 
I  have  sought  for,  and  all  that  I  ask.  [Applause.]  That  compensates,  and  more 
than  compensates  me.  If  it  does  not  put  the  laurel  on  my  head,  it  puts  a  feeling 
of  gratification  in  my  heart  that  I  would  not  exchange  for  a  thousand  crowns.  I 
have  been  honored,  and  more  than  honored,  so  far  as  office  can  confer  honor,  by 
my  native  State — God  bless  her  ! — Old  Kentucky  !  [Applause,  cries  of  "  good," 
"  good,"  "  Old  Kentuck  forever."]  But  the  approbation  of  my  countrymen  every- 
where is  dear,  very  dear  to  my  heart.  I  have  in  all  my  little  travel,  although  I 
really  endeavored  to  get  along  as  quietly  and  securely  as  I  could,  received  attentions 
and  distinctions  that  really  impeded  me  throughout  the  whole  of  this  little  tramp 
that  I  have  made.  [Laughter.]  From  Chicago  to  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  to  St. 
Paul,  to  Fort  Snelling,  and  up  to  the  Falls  of  Minnehaha,  that  great  and  laughing 
beauty  of  your  Western  land,  I  have  met  with  nothing  but  kindness.  The  trij)  has 
been  altogether  to  me  one  of  pure  and  entire  gratification.  In  the  whole  trip 
I  have  not  received  an  uncivil  word ;  I  have  not  beheld  one  unpleasant  scene ; 
not  one  drunken  man  ;  not  one  quarrel ;  not  one  word  of  anger.  It  has  been  to 
me,  throughout,  a  delightful  trip — not  merely  affording  the  ordinary  gratification 
an  individual  would  feel  in  passing  through  a  country,  but  giving  me  a  higher  and 
more  elevated   conception  of  the  character  of  our  people — a  stronger  impression 


204  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

regarding  the  population  of  this  new,  smiling  and  glorious  land  in  which  we  live. 
[Cheers.] 

I  am  before  you,  fellow  citizens,  rather  for  the  purpose  of  making  my  humble 
acknowledgments  for  the  distinction  you  have  been  pleased  to  confer  upon  me — 
for  the  generous  and  overflowing  hospitality  with  which  I  have  been  everywhere 
received  in  your  country,  than  for  any  purpose  of  making  a  speech.  I  rejoice  now 
that  I  have  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  present  at  this  great  assembly  of  citizens — 
that  I  can  witness  the  operations  of  this  society,  whose  meeting  has  convened  you 
upon  this  occasion.  Ihe  objects  and  history  of  this  society  has  been  fully  explained 
by  your  distinguished  and  eloquent  President — a  gentleman  who  lives  a  thousand 
miles  from  here,  in  a  distant  State,  but  regarding  the  interests  of  his  whole  coun- 
try, not  only  takes  the  trouble  to  disseminate  everywhere  throughout  this  whole 
land  a  knowledge  of  agriculture,  but  raises  its  character,  and  makes  every  man 
feel  the  true  dignity  of   a  cultivator  of  land  in  this  country. 

Agriculture  is  the  grest  interest  of  our  country — the  basis  of  all  other  interests 
— the  foundation  of  all  our  arts,  all  our  manufactures — the  ultimate  support  of  all 
our  people  engaged  in  every  vocation  of  life.  The  various  other  pursuits  rest 
upon  that  of  Agriculture  as  their  basis.  From  it  they  derive  their  nourishment 
and  their  prosperity.  It  is  the  great  interest  of  this  land,  for  we  are  an  agricultural 
people  ;  and  all  that  remains  for  us  is  for  that  great  agricultural  interest  to  feel  its 
strength,  improve  its  intelligence  and  take  the  government  of  the  country  into  its 
own  hands.  [Applause.]  It  belongs  to  the  Agriculturists.  It  is  one  of  their 
rights,  and  those  rights — the  rights  of  the  people — will  never  be  so  well  secured, 
the  principles  of  republican  government  will  never  be  so  well  illustrated  and  prac- 
ticed, as  Avhen  they  shall  teach  the  government  what  they  are  to  teach  the  Avhole 
world,  that  liberty  floAvs  from  that  knowledge  and  from  the  noble  pursuit  of  agri- 
culture.    [Applause.] 

On  this  subject,  however,  I  have  trespassed  improperly.  It  belongs  to  the  Presi- 
dent and  has  been  sufficiently  spoken  of  by  him  ["  go  on,"  "go  on."]  I  do  not  in- 
tend to  go  again  over  the  topics  discussed  by  him,  much  less  to  say  one  word  alien- 
to  this  occasion  and  the  objects  which  have  brought  us  together.  I  make  no  party 
speeches  anywhere.  Little  of  an  orator  as  I  am,  I  have  sometimes  had  the  misforr 
tune  to  be  called  such  and  forced  to  make  speeches,  when,  by  the  very  attempt  I 
was  forced  to  make,  I  showed  very  plainly  what  a  slander  it  was  upon  me.  [Laughter 
and  cries  of  "  go  on,"  "  go  on."] 

I  came  away  from  home,  among  other  things  to  avoid  politics,  and  forget  there 
was  such  a  thing  in  the  world — such  a  cloud  pervading  the  country.  A  speech  upon 
party  politics  nothing  upon  earth  would  drag  me  into.  I  am  a  Kentuckian,  and  I 
am  not  only  a  Kentuckian,  and  proud  of  the  State  which  has  given  me  favor  and 
distinction  to  some  degree,  but  I  have  another  title — a  more  elevated  one — one  that 
both  I  and  you,  every  one  of  you,  no  matter  under  Avhat  lo^al  jurisdiction  he  may 
live,  or  what  State  he  may  inhabit,  recognizes  with  gratitude  in  his  heart  when  he 
says  to  the  world,  "I  r.m  an  Ameiican  citizen."  [Loud  cheers].  lam  at  home 
here,  though  I  came  with  very  few  acquaintances  and  friends,  in  this  pajt  of  the 
country,  yet  the  whole  land  is  my  country.  [Cheers].  The  Union  makes  us  one  peo- 
ple ;  may  God  preserve  that  Union!  [Liud  applause,  and  cries  of  "good," 
"good"].  These  matters  of  party  politics,  gentlemen,  are  very  transitory  affairs. 
[Laughter].  We  are  made  to  look  upon  them  as  things  of  great  consequence, 
•when  to-morrow  will  bury  them  in  oblivion. 


At  Chicag-o,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  205 

There  are  some  things  ■which  in  their  nature  are  of  some  consequence.  It  is  of 
importance  that  M'e  should  venerate  the  constitution  which  our  fathers  made, 
whether  it  pleases  us  in  all  particulars  or  not.  It  was  made  by  hands  which  ought 
to  render  it  sacred  among  us.  It  is  the  only  way  to  preserve  the  Union  for  the 
Union  and  the  constitution  to  go  together.  Preserve  the  Union,  and  that  is  all  we 
want — that  is  all  our  people  need.  Preserve  the  Union  and  the  Union  will  preserve 
you  and  make  you  the  mightiest  people  in  the  world.    [Great  applause]. 

Now,  there  are  times  when  the  passions  of  the  people  are  disturbed.  There  are 
times  when  prejudices  are  excited,  and  the  people  of  one  section  of  the  country  far 
removed  from  another  section,  get  it  into  their  heads  that  those  distant  people  are 
their  enemies — that  they  have  evil  designs  and  wicked  purposes  —  that  they  are 
bad  people.  Perhaps  those  distant  people  have  the  same  sort  of  prejudices  instill- 
ed into  their  minds  against  you.  If  we  took  half  as  much  pains  to  inculcate  and 
teach  good  feelings  one  to  another  in  every  section  of  the  country  as  is  caken  to 
separate  the  people  and  alienate  their  feelings,  what  a  different  state  of  things 
would  exist  in  the  land.  We  are  prejudiced  against  each  other  and  therefore  we 
do  not  know  one  another  as  we  ought  to  do,  and  we  do  not  know  each  other,  and 
therefore  we  are  prejudiced.  We  won't  know  one  another,  and  hence  we  are  preju- 
diced, and  we  are  prejudiced  simply  because  we  do  not  know  one  another.  [Laugh- 
ter and  applause.]  Why,  all  our  impressions  of  our  distant  kindred  ought  to  be 
that  they  are  just  such  as  we  wish  them  to  be.  When  we  hear  evil  stories  about 
them,  let  them  pass  by  us.  Only  let  a  little  of  that  common  benevolence  which  is 
in  every  human  bosom  be  indulged  in  among  us,  and  this  Constitution  is  not  only 
a  bond  of  union,  but  a  bond  of  benevolence  and  affection  from  one  end  of  this 
Union  to  the  other,  and  we  are  really  bound  together  in  bonds  of  family  as  well  as 
bonds  of  law.  We  are  bound  together  by  that  tie  that  is  considered  st'-ongest 
among  men  —  our  forefathers  shed  their  blood  together  in  a  common  cause. 

It  is  no  figure  of  speech  to  say  that,  that  their  blood  actually  ran  together  upon 
fields  of  battle  where  they  struggled  in  noble  emulation  amid  disaster  and  hard- 
ship to  conquer  that  liberty  and  establish  that  government  which  we  now  enjoy. 
[Applause.]  Let  us  forget  our  prejudices  and  teach  our  brethren  to  forget  them. 
Let  us  endeavor  to  be  rid  of  all  such  feelings,  and  when  our  brother  is  accused 
demand  the  testimony  and  refuse  to  believe  one  word  against  him  until  it  is  proved 
beyond  cavil  or  dispute.     Let  us  be 

"  To  their  virtues  very  kind, 
To  their  faults  a  little  blind. 

[Laughter  and  applause.]  That,  it  seems  to  me,  is  the  spirit  and  the  feeling  that 
patriotism  and  benevolence  should  encourage.  That  is  what  our  religion  teaches 
and  impresses  upon  us  —  daily  to  renew  offers  and  acts  of  kindness  to  all  our 
kindred  and  people,  wherever  they  may  be. 

Fellow-citizens,  we  have  only,  as  I  said  before,  and  I  will  conclude  with  enforcing 
it  again  —  we  have  only  to  cherish  these  kind  feelings,  to  be  the  happiest  as  well 
as  the  greatest  people  in  the  world.  Our  worst  enemy  is  in  our  own  hearts.  In 
the  vicissitudes  of  politics  —  in  the  history  of  the  various  parties,  which  have 
sometimes  prevailed  throughout  this  land,  we  have  allowed  ourselves  to  believe 
things  of  our  brethren  at  a  distance  which  have  created  some  concern  and  unhap- 
piness  ;  but  the  enemy  is  really  in  our  own  hearts  and  in  their  hearts  ;  expel  it, 
and  all  is  prosperity  and  peace,  and  this  becomes  not  merely  a  union  of  laws,  but 


206  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

a  union  of  hearts,  such  as  ought  to  make  us  one  people.  You  speak  the  'same 
language  everywhere  throughout  this  great  country.  The  same  uniformity  of 
speech  does  not  exist  over  one-haif  the  space  in  any  other  part  of  the  habitable 
globe  as  exists  among  us.  Take  this  crowd,  and  I  can  choose  a  man  from  each 
state  of  this  Union.  As  far  apart  as  they  are  from  each  other,  they  learn  from 
their  mothers  their  mother  tongue,  and  now  they  speak  it  all  alike.  Take  them 
altogether  from  these  thirty-three  States,  and  no  human  being  will  be  able  to  tell 
what  State  any  particular  man  came  from.  [Cheers.]  What  a  bond  of  Union  is 
that !  The  same  love  of  liberty,  the  same  principles  of  government,  the  same 
great  republican  doctrines  are  maintained  and  held  by  everybody,  and  yet,  under 
this  blessed  Union,  we  sometimes  make  out  to  find  by  our  ingenuity,  cause  for 
alienation  and  dispute.  Let  that  as  far  as  possible  be  laid  aside.  We  shall  differ 
in  opinion.  Men  must  differ  in  their  sentiments  on  majiy  subjects.  It  is  natural. 
All  men  think,  and  they  do  not  all  think  alike.  Differences  of  opinion  and  differ- 
ent parties  are  natural  in  Republics  —  perhaps  necessary.  They  are  at  any  rate 
unavoidable.  I  find  no  fault  with  them.  What  I  contend  against  is  the  bitter 
feeling  and  blind  prejudice  sometimes  engendered  by  party  sjiite,  which  makes  us 
enemies  to  one  another.     Mere  difference  of  opinion  does  not  do  that. 

It  depends  upon  ourselves  whether  this  government  shall  exist  or  not.  If  it 
does  not,  if  the  experiment  here  going  on  shall  ultimately  fail,  it  is  our  fault. 
Then  we  must  as  a  nation  go  that  common  high  road  which  has  been  travelled  by 
all  nations  in  succession  since  the  dawn  of  history  —  we  must  go  down  by  way  of 
bloodshed  and  war  to  a  time  of  barbarity  and  ruin.  By  a  course  which  shall  keep 
us  united  under  one  head,  we  shall  grow  up  until  the  head  of  this  Union  may  be 
said,  in  a  poetic  sense,  to  touch  the  sky. 

You  are  the  Great  Western  people.  We  in  Kentucky  are  pretty  much  obliterat- 
ed in  the  present  political  contests.  Kentucky,  my  native  State,  used  to  be  the  ex- 
treme West  —  all  beyond  was  the  wilderness.  Now,  in  the  division  of  parties,  and 
in  party  nomenclature,  there  is  nothing  at  all  left  but  North  and  South.  There  is 
now  no  East,  no  West.  [Laughter.]  We  used  to  hear  many  people  saying,  "  I 
know  no  North,  no  South,  no  East,  no  West,"  As  to  the  two  latter,  T  am  afraid 
we  are  in  danger  of  not  knowing  anything  more  of  them,  [Laughter,]  They  are 
forgotten.  Now,  let  me  say  a  word  on  this  subject.  It  has  been  a  favorable  theme 
with  me  for  a  long  time.  Thank  God !  it  is  altogether  of  a  friendly  character. 
There  is  really  a  North  to  our  country,  and  we  have  a  South.  There  are  various 
productions  and  different  pursuits  to  create  rivalries  and  collisons,  and  in  the  wrath 
and  rage  of  the  moment  of  political  contentions,  one  may  talk  about  secession  and 
another  about  a  separation  of  this  Union.  The  Tariff  may  be  a  subject  of  vast  con- 
tention, and  has  been  between  the  North  and  the  South.  What  is  our  duty  of  the 
West  ?  We  are  not  of  the  North  or  the  South,  and  that  is  a  happy  thing  for  this 
Union.  [Laughter.]  You  are  really  the  Great  AYest.  We  have  our  South-AVest, 
and  our  North- West,  but  for  God's  sake  let  her  be  the  West  still.  [Laughter.]  We 
have  a  Great  West  belonging  neither  to  North  or  South.  We  are  out  here  in  the 
woods,  but  w  e  are  a  great  number,  and  we  are  multiplying  like  the  sands  of  the  sea- 
shore. What  is  our  business  and  our  duty  ?  How  are  we  related  to  this  North 
and  South,  and  the  danger  of  possible  collisions  between  them  ?  AYe  must  have  a 
North  and  a  South  to  serve  our  purposes  and  to  serve  their  purposes.  We  have  a 
great,  plain,  visible  interest.     The  mere  affections  of  men  art  too  changeable  to  be 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  20T 

relied  upon  as  a  political  foundation  for  government.  With  Union,  or  anything 
else,  you  must  have  a  mixture  of  interest  and  then  with  the  hearts  of  the  people, 
you  will  have  secured  the  action  of  the  country  for  all  time  to  come.  You  of  the 
Nortlnvest  or  West,  or  Southwest  have  occasion  for  united  action,  and  will  have  it 
more  and  more  visibly  every  day.  You  of  the  North,  and  those  of  the  South  will 
always  be  the  great  productive  regions  —  a  union  in  agriculture  at  least.  You 
must  have  New  Orleans  to  go  to,  and  they  must  have  New  York  to  go  to.  Both 
are  not  more  than  what  is  absolutely  necessary.  Confine  you  to  one  market  and 
you  are  at  the  mercy  of  that  one  market  for  the  prices  of  your  products.  You  can- 
not do  Avithout  the  markets  both  nortli  and  south.  You  stand  placed  by  nature 
here,  in  that  kind  Providence  which  has  seemed  to  watch  over  this  country  with 
peculiar  regard,  as  the  chosen  and  vigilant  guardians  of  the  Constitution  and  the 
Union.  That  is  your  position  —  a  great  and  mighty  position  —  a  magnificent  posi- 
tion. Just  think  of  this  vast  country  belonging  to  you  !  Just  think  of  yourselves 
as  masters  of  a  great  empire.  There  will  be  in  this  great  region  drinking  the 
waters  of  the  Mississippi  and  ofs  these  far-spreading  lakes,  fifty  millions  of  men  in 
less  than  a  hundred  years  from  this  time.  The  Northwest  will  be  a  mighty  arbiter 
and  mighty  will  be  the  interests  you  will  have  to  arbitrate. 

Give  yourselves,  then,  to  no  little  spirit  of  local  or  transitory  interest.  You  have 
a  higher  destiny  —  a  ^nobler  and  more  dignified  position  than  any  other  people  in 
the  world.  Think  of  yourselves  as  rulers  —  masters  of  a  mighty  empire  !  Exer- 
cise, then,  with  wisdom  and  with  the  calmness  which  belongs  to  justice,  the  mighty 
power  which  Providence  has  given  you.  When  you  go  to  the  polls,  go  with  the 
high  thought,  "  I  am  one  of  this  mighty  empire  —  one  of  its  sovereigns  —  one  of 
its  masters,  and  I  am  going  now  to  exercise  the  highest  duty  belonging  to  that 
character.     I  give  my  vote  to  dii-ect  the  course  of  empire." 

My  fellow  citizens,  I  feel  that  I  am  in  danger  of  being  led  —  that  I  have  already 

been  misled  —  into  a  generality  of  remark  which    [Loud  cries  of  "Go  on,' 

"Go  on,"  di-owning  the  speaker's  voice.]  Well,  I  don't  know  that  I  have  anything 
more  to  say.     [Laughter.] 

I  thank  you  kindly,  most  cordially,  for  the  kindness  and  attention  with  which 
you  have  listened  to  me.  I  salute  you  all  as  my  fellow  citizens.  I  am  a  Kentuck- 
ian  —  I  care  not  from  what  State  you  come  —  we  are  fellow  citizens.  Love  your 
country,  entertain  and  cherish  for  all  your  countrymen  the  same  friendly  feelings 
that  I  entertain  for  each  and  all  of  ycu,  and  all  will  be  well.     [Three  cheers.] 

"  The  Star  Spangled  Banner  "  was  performed  by  the  band,  after 
which  President  Tilghman  introduced  the  Hon.  Stephen.  A.  Douglas, 
United  States  Senator  from  Illinois,  and  one  of  the  fomiders  of  the 
United  States  Agricultural  Society. 

SENATOR  DOUGLASS  REMARKS. 

Fellow  Citizens : — I  am  at  home,  and  you  are  our  guests  ;  and  it  is  therefore  my 
pleasure  to  welcome  you  among  us,  rather  than  make  a  response  to  any  welcome  you 
should  extend  to  me.  We  are  delighted — we,  citizens  of  Chicago  and  of  the  State  of 
Illinois  are  delighted,  at  seeing  this  vast  concourse  of  people  and  we  heartily  sympa- 
thize in  the  causes  that  have  brought  you  together.  But  we  have  assembled  now  for 
business  —  for  work  rather  than  for  public  speaking.     It  was  peculiarly  appropriate 


208  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

that  the  distinguished  statesman  and  iUnstiious  patriot  who  has  just  addressed  you 
should  have  been  called  upon  to  make  one  of  these  speeches  which  he  alone  know? 
how  to  deliver  to  a  western  audience.  [Applause.]  He  is  the  embodiment  in  his 
own  person  and  in  his  own  mind  and  character  of  that  very  advice  which  he  com- 
mended to  you  —  a  Union  man  in  every  thought  and  feeling  and  fibre  of  head  and 
of  heart.  Illinois  has  a  right  to  claim  a  part  of  his  fame.  Look  upon  the  roll  of 
Illinois  attorneys,  from  the  earliest  time  down,  and  the  first  name  is  that  of  John  J. 
Crittenden.  [Applause].  Look  upon  the  roll  of  official  law  officers  of  Illinois  terri- 
tory, and  the  first  one  is  John  J.  Crittenden,  Attorne)--General.  Illinois  then, 
claims  a  right  in  common  with  Kentucky  and  with  the  whole  country  to  extend  to 
him  a  welcome,  when  he  comes  among  us. 

We  have  assembled  here  for  business.  Providence  seems  to  have  smiled  upon 
us,  in  having  given  us  a  glorious  day  for  a  glorious  work.  There  will  much  good  re- 
sult from  this,  as  from  all  of  these  agricultural  associations.  It  not  only  develops 
agricultural  arts,  manufactures  and  the  other  great  material  interests  of  our  coun- 
try, but  it  does  that  which  is  equally  important  —  it  quickens  and  strenghtens  the 
patriotism  of  the  country.  Our  Union  is  made  as  firm  by  the  Constitution  and  the 
laws,  and  the  form  of  government  as  it  is  possible  that  it  shall  be  made  by  thes  e 
elements  ;  but  something  more  than  that  is  necessary  to  make  it  perpetual.  There 
must  be  a  Union  of  affections  among  the  whole  people.  That  will  make  us  recog- 
nise every  American  as  our  brother,  whatever  may  be  his  locality.  These  National 
Agricultural  Fairs  bring  together  the  agriculturists  of  all  the  States  of  the  Union. 
They  make  a  union  in  our  material  interests,  in  the  development  of  our  agriculture, 
of  the  mechanical  arts,  of  our  manufactures  —  in  the  development  of  all  those 
mighty  material  interests  ujjon  which  the  prosperity  and  happiness  of  a  great  people 
depend. 

I  never  can  make  a  speech  from  this  locality  without  dwelling  upon  the  Union. 
There  is  no  point  upon  this  whole  continent  which  reminds  one  more  of  the  ne- 
cessity of  its  preservation  than  this  prairie  where  we  now  stand.  In  this  prairie 
you  find  the  dividing  ridge  which  separates  the  waters  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  from 
the  waters  of  the  North,  which  pour  out  by  the  broad  St.  Lawrence.  From  this 
prairie  flow  the  waters  which  swell  the  Mississippi  and  the  Great  Lakes.  We  claim 
the  right  to  follow  these  waters  wherever  they  flow,  either  by  the  Mississippi  or  the 
St.  Lawrence,  upon  the  wide  ocean,  over  the  whole  world.  [Applause.]  We  have 
an  interest  in  Southern  as  well  as  in  Northern  commerce  —  an  interest  in  the  Mis- 
sissippi, as  well  as  in  the  Lakes,  the  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Hudson.  Our  duty  and 
our  mission,  therefore,  is  to  do  justice  to  all  sections,  and  then  demand  and  insist 
upon  the  preservation  of  the  peace,  harmony  and  perpetuity  of  this  glorious  con- 
federacy. 

Gentlemen,  I  have  almost  been  betrayed  into  making  a  speech,  when  I  only  made 
my  appearance  for  the  purpose  of  excusing  myself.  I  repeat  again,  [that  it  is  my 
pleasure,  as  well  as  my  duty,  to  welcome  you  among  us  as  our  guests,  and  to  con- 
ti'ibute  whatevermay  be  in  my  power  to  render  your  visit  here  agreeable  and  useful ; 
I  therefore  extend  to  you,  as  I  may  on  behalf  of  every  citizen  of  Chicago,  a  cordial 
and   hearty  welcome.     [Loud  applause.] 


At  Chicago^  Illinois,  September,  1859.  209 

PROCESSION   OF    HORSES   AND    CATTLE. 

At  tlie  close  of  the  inaugural  exercises,  there  was  a  procession 
of  all  the  cattle  on  exhibition,  led  hy  their  herdsmen.  It  was  the 
opinion  of  those  familiar  with  the  preceding  Exhibitions  of  the 
United  States  Agricultural  Society  tliat  the  show  of  cattle  was  — 
taken  as  a  whole  —  equal  to  any  yet  displayed  on  these  occasions. 
There  were  not  as  many  high-priced  blooded  animals  as  have  been 
exhibited  at  some  of  the  National  Fairs,  but  there  was  a  more 
general  display  of  cattle  possessing  the  points  of  the  English 
thorough-breds,  combining  strength  and  beauty,  symmetry  of  form 
and  neatness  of  limb. 

When  the  procession  of  cattle  had  passed  around  the  track,  the 
Stallions  on  exhibition  were  led  into  the  park.  A  cavalcade  of 
Mares  and  Geldings, — led,  in  harness  or  under  the  saddle,  then 
passed  around  the  track,  followed  by  the  Stallions,  led.  Tliis  fine 
display,  in  which  upwards  of  two  hundred  noble  animals  were  at 
once  in  motion,  elicited  unqualified  admiration.  There  were 
descendants  of  Flying  Childers,  Eclipse,  Messenger,  Barnton,  Sir 
Henry,  Duroc,  and  other  horses,  noted  in  the  annals  of  the  turf ; — 
with  equally  fine  specimens  of  the  Morgan  and  Black  Hawk 
trotters  ;  the  Cleveland  Bay  roadsters ;  the  more  powerful  English 
cart-horses  ;  active  ponies,  and  "  horses  of  all  work." 

THE    DINNER. 

After  the  cavalcade  had  passed  the  Grand  Stand,  the  Officers  of 
the  Society,  with  the  Invited  Guests,  the  Members  of  the  Press, 
and  the  Judges,  went  to  the  dining-hall,  where  they  partook  of 
the  refreshments  provided.  Not  only  on  this  the  first  day,  but 
throughout  the  week,  there  was  a  pleasant  interchange  of  senti- 
ments, with  pertinent  responses,  and  not  a  few  good  jokes.  These 
informal  repasts,  it  was  generally  conceded,  were  an  improvement 
on  the  Grand  Banquets  held  at  previous  National  Exhibitions. 

Mr.  Kennicott,  the  Local  Secretary,  reported,  at  dinner-hour,  that 
there  had  been  210  entries  of  cattle  ;  234  of  horses  ;  19  of  mules ; 
171  of  sheep  ;  7  of  dogs  ;  4  of  elk  ;  44  of  swine ;  57  of  poultry ; 
229  of  farm  and  garden  products  ;  104  of  horticultural  products; 
207  of  household  manufactures  ;  543  of  manufactures  and  mechan- 
ical articles ;  472  of  agricultural  machines  and  implements  ;  209 
of  scientific  and  artistic  productions ;  and  42  of  articles  offered  for 
special  specimens  —  making  a  total  of  2,549  entries,  which  number 
27 


210  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

was  being  largely  increased.  The  exhibitors  came  from  Cali- 
fornia, Canada,  Georgia,  Connecticut,  Illinois,  Indiana,  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Kentucky,  Louisiana,  Maryland,  Massachusetts,  Michigan, 
Minnesota,  New  Hampshire,  New  York,  Ohio,  Pennsylvania,  Texas, 
Virginia,  Vermont,  and  Wisconsin,  making  the  Exhibition  truly  "  Na- 
tional." 

REPRESENTATIVES   OF   THE   "  PRESS." 

One  hundred  and  sixty  "  Members  of  the  Press"  registered  their 
names  at  the  room  fitted  up  for  their  accommodation,  and  it  was 
estimated  that  this  was  not  more  than  one  half  of  those  on  the 
grounds.  Among  them  were  the  editors  of  several  agricultural 
journals,  and  correspondents  of  the  leading  newspapers  in  the  prin- 
cipal cities  of  the  Union.  It  was  suggested  that  a  convention  of 
agricultural  editors  and  correspondents  be  held  at  ths  next  National 
Exhibition,  and  Messrs.  Judd  of  New  York,  Colman  of  Missouri, 
Cloud  of  Alabama,  Brown  of  Massachusetts,  and  Warren  of  Cal- 
ifornia, were  nominated  as  a  committee  of  invitation  and  organ- 
ization. 

EXHIBITIONS    OF   STOCK. 

The  Ayrshire,  Hereford  and  Alderney  cattle  were  exhibited  in  a 
"  ring"  within  the  Park,  by  classes,  and  were  examined  by  the 
Judges.  The  awards  will  be  found  with  the  others  made  during 
the  Exhibition,  appended  to  this  account. 

GENERAL   ASPECT   OF    THE    GROUNDS. 

Exhibitors  of  fine  horses  were  exercising  them  on  the  track 
■until  sunset,  to  the  gratification  of  a  host  of  spectators  ; — Herdsmen 
were  grooming  their  cattle,  and  preparing  them  for  the  favorable 
notice  of  committees  ; — Machinists  were  arranging  the  application 
of  steam-power,  polishing  their  handiwork,  and  getting  it  in  run- 
ning order  ; — Gardeners  were  arranging  their  floral,  pomological  or 
vegetable  trophies  ; —  amateur  Musicians  were  testing  the  instru- 
ments on  exhibition  ; — and  in  all  of  the  Halls  tardy  exhibitors  were 
giving  the  finishing  tou.ches  to  their  varied  specimens  of  industry, 
taste  and  skill. 

The  scene  was  also  enlivened  by  large  delegations  of  the  Vol- 
unteer Military  of  Chicago,  in  varied  uniforms,  including  that  of 
the  Scotch  Highlanders  and  the  French  Zouaves.  They  came 
from  an  adjacent  field,  where  General  R.  K.  Swift's  Brigade  was 
assembled  for  its  fall  parade.  Many  admirers  of  a  well-trained 
citizen  soldiery  left  the  grounds  to  witness  the  promptly  executed 
manoeuvres  of  this  fine  Brigade. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,    September,  1859.  211 

THE  farmers'  congress. 

Evening  mootings  of  farinsrs,  "  In  Congress  xissembled,"  wore  or- 
ganized on  Monday  evening  by  President  Tilghman,  at  the  rooms  of 
the  Cliicago  Board  of  Trade,  which  had  been  kindly  tendered  for 
these  valuable  assemblages.  At  the  meeting  on  Tuesday  evening, 
there  was  a  general  interchange  of  opinion  on  various  topics,  and  the 
subject  selected  for  disciiEsion  the  next  evening  was  :  "  The  causes 
of  the  splitting  of  the  bark  and  bodies  of  fruit  trees." 

THE    EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE. 

For  the  first  time  since  the  formation  of  the  U.  S.  Agricultural  So- 
ciety, the  entire  Executive  Committee  was  present,  including  the 
Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  a  member  ex  officio  as  the  founder  and 
the  first  President  of  the  Society.  Every  award  was  —  in  accord- 
ance with  the  published  regulations  —  submitted  to  the  committee 
for  ratification  after  it  had  been  handed  in  by  the  judges,  and  ap- 
proved, rejected,  or  laid  on  the  table  for  further  consideration. 
Much  confusion  was  caused  liy  the  action  of  committees  who  placed 
blue  and  red  ribbons  on  articles  or  implements  for  which  no  regular 
premiums  were  awarded,  instead  of  simply  affixing  white  ribbons,  and 
(as  was  requested  in  the  printed  regulations,)  reporting  them  to  the 
Executive  Committee,  as  worthy  of  a  discretionary  premium.  These 
imauthorized  awards  of  silver  and  of  bronze  medals,  diplomas  and 
certificates,  added  to  the  duplicate  (and  also  unauthorized)  action  of 
committees  on  the  same  articles  or  implements,  greatly  embarrassed 
the  action  of  the  Executive  Committee,  and  they  were  forced  to  refer 
several  cases  to  a  sub-committee,  of  which  Hon.  Henry  Wager,  of 
New  York,  was  chairman,  for  further  examination. 


SECOND  DAY.  —  Wednesday,  September  14th. 

Another  pleasant  day,  and  at  an  early  hour  the  streets  of  Chicago 
were  filled  with  visitors  from  abroad.  Long  trains,  crowded  with 
passengers,  came  in  on  the  railroads  that  converge  from  difl^erent  di- 
rections, the  Galena  road  alone  bringing  five  thousand  passengers. 
The  tables  of  the  hotels  were  again  and  again  replenished  before  the 
throng  could  be  accommodated  with  breakfast,  and  the  numerous 
means  of  conveyance  to  the  Fair  Ground  were  inadequate. 

committees. 

Gentlemen  appointed  as  Committees  had  been  requested  to  call  at 
the  Secretary's  Office  at  nine  o'clock,  on  Wednesday  morning,  and 


212  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

receive  their  books.  But  a  very  few  reported  themselves,  and  it 
soon  became  apparent  that  but  a  small  number  of  those  gentlemen 
appointed,  were  in  readiness  to  discharge  their  duties.  Of  the  two 
hundred  and  forty-six  committee-men  appointed  from  Illinois  —  two 
on  each  committee,  in  accordance  with  the  usage  of  the  Society,  — 
but  thirty-one. reported  themselves  for  duty,  and  of  the  three  hundred 
and  eighty  committee-men  from  other  States,  but  forty-six  performed 
their  assigned  duties.  This  made  it  necessary  for  the  Executive 
Committee  to  fill  many  vacancies,  and  they  had  to  appoint  such  gen- 
tlemen as  were  present,  and  willing  to  serve,  often  without  being 
certain  that  they  were  fully  competent.  These  impromptu  commit- 
tee-men frequently  neglected  to  acquaint  themselves  with  their  du- 
ties, and  unavoidable  confusion  consequently  ensued. 

To  avoid  a  recurrence  of  the  difficulties  attending  this  want  of 
regularly  appointed  volunteer  judges,  it  has  been  proposed  to  adopt 
the  system  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England  for  the  Im- 
plement and  Machine  Departments,  at  future  National  Exhibitions, 
and  to  have  a  Board  of  Judges,  who  will  be  paid  their  travelling  ex- 
penses, and  whose  attendance  can  be  relied  upon.  By  adopting  this 
system  for  these  important  'Departments,  and  also  (as  was  recom- 
mended by  President  Tilghman)  having  them  opened  on  the  Wednes- 
day previous  to  the  commencement  of  the  Exhibition  proper,  every 
:  article  or  implement  will  receive  attention,  there  can  be  more  of 
those  "  tests  "  so  necessary  to  give  value  to  awards,  and  there  can 
ibe  no  conflicting  reports.  The  animated  contests  of  Exhibitors  for 
the  medals  and  diplomas  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Society 
prove  the  high  estimation  in  which  these  awards  are  held,  and  it  is 
ibut  right  that  they  should  be  given  with  discrimination,  after  a 
thorough  examination. 

INVITED   GUESTS. 

It  would  have  been  extremely  gratifying  to  the  officers  of  the 
Exhibition,  if  they  could  have  been  honored  with  the  attendance 
'  of  the  distinguished  agriculturists,  at  home  and  abroad,  to  whom 
President  Tilghman  sent  invitations.  The  following  acknowledg- 
ment of  one  of  these  invitations  came  from  the  Duke  of  Marlbo- 
rough, President  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England  : 

Sir  : — I  beg  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  containing  an  invitation 
to  the  Exhibition  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Society  to  take  place  at 
Chicago.  I  regret  much  that  your  letter  having  only  just  reached  me,  the  great 
distance  will  prevent  my  being  present  at  a  meeting  in  which  I  should  feel  the 
greatest  interest. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  213 

I  shall  report  your  obliging  communication  to  the  Council  of  the  Royal  Agri- 
cultural Society  of  England,  and  feel  certain  they  will  feel  as  I  do  personally, 
much  gratified  by  the  honor  you  have  done  them  in  inviting  their  President  to 
your  exiiibition. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  obliged  and  obedient  servant, 

WALSINGHAM, 

President  of  JR.  A.  S.  of  England. 
To  Gen.  Tench  Tilgiiman, 

Pres't  U.  S.  Agricultural  Society. 
Among  the  guests  and  delegates  registered,  (in  addition  to  those 
already  mentioned,)  were  Messrs.  C.  E.  Stewart,  George  C.  Bates, 
D.  G.  Walbridge,  Morgan  G.  Beale,  and  B,.  S.  Johnson,  of  Mich- 
igan ;  J.  H.  Wallace,  Wm.  Duane  Wilson  and  D.  J.  Powers,  of 
Iowa ;  Robert  Seymour,  Benj.  H.  Huntington,  John  F.  Seymour, 
Willard  Adams  and  H.  S.  Olcott,  of  New  York  ;  Giles  M.  Hillyer, 
of  Mississippi ;  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  H.  N.  Clapp,  R.  L.  Watson 
and  Charles  Robins,  of  Massachusetts ;  H.  B.  Payne,  Francis  G. 
Carey,  J.  P.  Kirtland,  H.  Means  and  Jx  A.  Warder,  of  Ohio  ;  Edward 
Green,  Texas ;  John  P.  Hale,  New  Hampshire ;  Aaron  Clement, 
Pennsylvania  ;  Henry  M.  Billings  and  a  large  delegation  from  Wis- 
consin ;  J.  M.  Cutts,  District  of  Columbia  ;  and  H.  Thaxter,  of 
California. 

EXHIBITION   OP   CATTLE    XND    HORSES. 

Different  "  rings"  of  cattle  were  brought  out,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  efficient  Superintendent  of  the  Cattle  Department, 
and  as  the  premiums  were  awarded  by  the  committees,  designating 
libbons  were  affixed.  The  examination  of  horses  was  commenced, 
and  the  performances  of  those  on  the  track  of  course  attracted 
crowds,  but  the  masses  appeared  to  prefer  the  halls,  which  were 
literally  packed  with  spectators. 

THE   FARMEES'    CONGRESS. 

There  was  a  largo  attendance  at  the  meeting  in  the  evening, 
President  Tilghman  in  the  chair,  until  forced  to  leave  in  order  to 
be  present  at  a  meeting  of  the  Executive  Committee,  when  he 
invited  Dr.  J.  A.  Warder,  of  Cincinnati,  to  preside.  The  subject 
discussed,  was  "  The  causes  of  the  splitting  of  the  bark  and  bodies 
of  fruit  trees,"  and  some  twenty  gentlemen  advanced  and  defended 
their  opinions,  among  them:  Messrs.  Smith  of  Syracuse  and  Blair 
of  Rochester,  N.  Y.  ;  Hunter  of  Michigan ;  Failes  of  Pennsylvania ; 
Foster  of  Iowa ;  and  Rogers  of  Marengo,  Pennington  of  Sterling, 
Jones  of  Adams,  Shaw  of  Fremont  and   other  citizens  of  Illinois. 


I 


214  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

"  ]Iow  to  preserve  fruit  trees  from  mice,  without  retarding  the 
growth,"  was  also  discussed,  and  many  new  ideas,  based  on  experi- 
ence, were  elicited. 


THIRD  DAY— Thursday,  September  15th. 

Thursday  was  the  "  gala-day"  at  the  Exhibition  Grounds,  and 
the  citizens  of  Chicago  very  »-enerally  left  their  avocations,  to 
swell  the  multitude  of  visitors  from  abroad.  It  was  truly  an 
Industrial  Jubilee,  and  the  Exhibitors  could  but  have  felt  an  hon- 
est pride  in  welcoming  the  thousands  and  tens  of  thousands  of 
spectators,  and  in  displaying  before  them  the  flocks  and  herds 
"from  a  thousand  hills;"  —  the  results  of  mechanical  industry 
and  skill  ;  —  the  products  of  fields,  gardens  and  orchards  ;  —  handi- 
work from  firesides  and  works  of  art  from  studios.  It  was  indeed 
an  Exhibition  of  which  every  American  Citizen,  (especially  those 
whose  homes  are  in  the  North- West,)  must  have  been  proud,  far 
it  was  a  practical  illustration  of  the  industry,  the  intelligence  and 
the  prosperity  of  the  Republic.  The  officers  and  members  of  the 
United  States  Agricultural  Society  had  also  reason  for  self-con- 
gratulation, especially  Hon.  Marshall  P.  Wilder,  and  those  asso- 
ciated with  him  in  the  infancy  of  the  organization,  for  the  Exhibi- 
tion of  1859  realized  their  most  sanguine  expectations,  and  gave 
evidence  of  an  increasing  interest  in  the  "  National  Farmers' 
Festival,"  which  augurs  well  for  its  future  usefulness  and  success. 

"  The  dawn  was  overcast,  the  morning  lowered,  and  heavily  in 
clouds  brought  on  the  day,"  but  the  visitors  were  not  to  be  kept 
away,  and  a  heavy  shower  of  i:ain  about  nine  o'clock  did  not  appear 
to  diminish  the  number[of  arrivals.  Before  noon,  the  weather  was 
clear  again,  and  the  grounds  were  literally  covered  with  visitors, 
rendering  it  difficult  to  obtain  space  for  the  exhibition  of  animals, 
or  the  trials  of  implements. 

exhibition  of  horses  and  cattle. 

The  "  rings"  of  Herds  of  Thorough-bred  Cattle  were  well  filled, 
and  the  fine  groups  of  animals  gave  satisfactory  proof  of  tlie  atten- 
tion given  to  stock-raising.  Every  Herd  exhibited,  bore  satisfac- 
tory evidence  of  the  knowledge,  and  the  careful  attention  of  its 
owner,  and  there  was  in  several  cases  great  difficulty  experienced 
in  awarding  the   premiums,  so  nearly   equal  w^ere   different  Herds 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  215 

in  the  same  class.     The  Milch  Cows  also  showed  that  their  owaers 
gave  them  careful  attention  and  judicious  management. 

Stallions  and  Mares  for  all  work,  with  Heavy  Draft  Stallions 
and  Mares,  were  exhibited  by  classes,  and  some  of  them  excited 
general  admiration  as  they  moved  around  the  track. 

FLORAL   HALL. 

The  Chicago  Gardeners'  Society  converted  this  edifice  into  a 
fairy  scene,  which  attracted  crowds  of  visitors,  and  received  high 
enconiums.  The  large  building  was  surrounded  upon  the  outside, 
with  pine,  spruce  and  hemlock  trees,  thus  rising  as  it  were,  from  an 
evergreen  grove  ;  while  the  roof,  supports  and  girders  of  the  inte- 
riors were  twined  with  festoons  and  wreaths  of  evergreens,  and 
branches  of  the  spruce  and  pine.  The  ground  within  the  building 
was  laid  out  in  neatly  gravelled  walks,  all  diverging  from  a  common 
centre,  in  which  was  a  basin  about  fifteen  feet  in  diameter.  From 
the  centre  of  this  basin,  constantly  filled  with  water,  rose  a  pyramid 
of  rocks,  covered  with  water  plants,  vines  and  cactuses,  kept  con- 
stantly moist  from  the  spray  of  a  fountain,  which  sprang  up  from 
its  apex.  The  fountain  consisted  of  a  base  of  stone,  with  wreaths 
upon  its  four  sides,  two  basins  above,  and  a  plated  silver  tube  rising 
from  the  upper  one.  From  the  central  basin,  the  water  fell  in  a 
beautiful  parabolic  curve,  compact  at  the  mouth,  but  gradually 
radiating  to  the  outer  edge  of  the  great  basin.  Several  small 
jets  from  the  upper  tube,  fell  gracefully  to  the  outer  edge  of  the 
parabola,  and  being  reflected,  dropped  with  a  dreamy,  musical 
twinkle  into  the  pool  beneath.  It  was  a  fit  shrine  for  Flora,  elicit- 
ing the  admiration  of  her  devotees. 

The  plants  exhibited  in  this  attractive  edifice,  were  also  arranged 
with  exquisite  taste  and  judgment,  aiid  the  Floral  Department  was 
generally  admitted  to  be  far  superior  to  that  of  any  previous 
National  Exhibition. 

THE   FINE-ARTS   DEPARTMENT. 

Fine  specimens  of  exquisitely  colored  portraits,  street-views  with 
a  marvellous  clearness  of  lights  and  shadows,  delineations  of 
picturesque  scenery,  and  other  chef  crasuvres  of  successful  Photo- 
graphers, made  the  Art  Hall  a  favorite  resort.  Among  other 
specimens  of  ornamental  penmanship,  was  the  following  creed  of 
one  of  the  largest  landholders_  and  most  successful  farmers  in  the 
United  States ; — 


216  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition 


"  Maxims  of  Jacob  Strawn,  the  Great  Fanner  of  the  West" 

"  When  you  wake  up  do  not  roll  over  but  roll  out.  It  will  give  you  time 
to  ditch  all  your  sloughs,  break  them  up,  and  sow  them  with  timothy  and 
red-top. 

"  Make  your  fence  high,  tight,  and  strong,  so  that  it  will  keep  cattle  and  pigs 
out. 

"  Be  sure  to  get  your  hands  to  bed  by  7  o'clock.  They  will  rise  early  by  force 
of  circumstances. 

"  Pay  a  hand  if  he  is  poor  all  you  promise  him.  If  he  is  a  good  hand  pay 
him  a  little  more ;  it  will  encourage  him  to  do  still  better. 

•*  Always  feed  your  hands  as  well  as  you  do  yourself ;  for  the  working  men 
are  the  bone  and  sinew  of  the  world,  and  ought  to  be  well  treated. 

"  I  am  satisfied  that  getting  up  early,  industry,  and  regular  habits,  are  the 
best  medicines  ever  prescribed  for  health. 

"  When  it  comes  rainy  weather,  so  that  you  cannot  work  out  of  doors,  cut 
and  split  your  wood.  Make  your  tracks,  clear  up  your  stubbles,  and  fix  some- 
thing which  you  would  have  to  stop  the  j^low  for  in  good  weather. 

"  Study  your  interest  clearly,  and  do  not  spend  any  time  in  electing  Presi- 
dents, Senators,  and  other  small  officers  ;  or  talk  of '  hard  times,'  when  spend- 
ing your  time  in  town,  whittling  store-boxes,  &c. 

"  Take  your  time,  and  make  your  calculations.  Don't  do  things  in  a  hurry, 
but  do  them  at  the  right  time,  and  keep  your  mind  as  well  as  your  body  em- 
ployed." 

IMPLEMENTS   AND    MACHINES. 

The  steam-plows,  entered  for  the  Graud  Gold  Medal  of  Honor 
were  naturally  examined  with  great  interest,  and  were  decidedly 
the  principal  feature  of  the  Exhibition.  Many  of  the  hundred  of 
other  machines  and  implements  on  exhibition  were  also  novel  and 
curious,  and  the  extent  of  this  Department  was  a  sufficient  proof 
of  the  yalue  attatched  by  inventors  to  the  Medals,  Diplomas  and 
Certificates  awarded  by  the  United  States  Society.  For  several 
of  the  Bronze  Medals  offered  as  premiums  there  were  upwards  of 
twenty  machines  in  competition,  and  the  labors  of  the  Committees 
were  alike  arduous  and  responsible.  It  was  a  subject  of  general 
regret,  both  on  the  part  of  the  officers  of  the  Society  and  of  the 
Committees,  that  the  machines  and  implements  could  not, — for 
want  of  time, — be  more  thoroughly  tested.  The  Committee  on 
Ploughs  very  properly  declined  making  any  awards  on  the  ground 
that  they  could  not  test  those  implements  in  the  field.  Other  Com- 
mittees were  more  successful,  and  tested  the  machines  and  imple- 
ments registered  on  their  books. 


At  Chicago,  Blinois,  September,  1859.  217 

FARM  AND  GARDEN  PRODUCTS. 

Chicago  is  justly  styled  the  Granaiy  of  the  West,  and  there  was  a 
noble  display  of  wheat,  oats,  barley  and  corn.  There  was  also  a  fine 
show  of  other  staple  agricultural  products,  (especiallj'-  of  butter  and 
clieese,)  and  the  exhibition  of  garden  vegetables  was  unusually 
large  and  good. 

THE  MILITARY   DRILL. 

The  day's  exhibition  closed  with  a  drill  for  a  stand  of  colors, 
which  citizens  of  Cliicago  had  requested  the  Society  to  present.  But 
two  companies  competed  :  the  "  Cadets/'  Major  Ellsworth  and  the 
"  Highland  Guard,"  Captain  McArthur.  Eacli  corps  went  throuph 
the  manual  of  arms,  and  executed  some  manoeuvres,  the  Cadets 
drilling  by  Hardee  as  well  as  by  Scott,  and  also  going  throuo-h  the 
bayonet-exercise  and  the  quick  movements  of  the  French  Zouaves. 
After  the  committee  had  reported  their  award  to  President  Tilgh- 
MAN,  the  contesting  companies  were  marched  to  the  Grand  Stand 
where  they  were  thus  addressed  : — 

PRESIDENT   TILGHMAN'S   REMARKS    TO    THE    MILITARY. 

Gentlemen  of  tJie  Cadets,  and  of  tJie  Higliland  Guard  — I  believe  it  is  the  first 
time  in  the  history  of  the  agricultural  societies  of  our  country,  that  in  connection 
with  the  rewards  usually  offered,  there  has  been  one  to  be  aAvarded  to  those  by 
whom  the  greatest  degree  of  skill  shall  be  evinced  in  arms.  I  am  aware  also  that 
on  previous  occasions  where  there  has  been  a  union  of  the  civil  and  military  held 
admirably  coinciding  with  the  institutions  of  our  country,  it  has  been  for  purposes 
of  parade  and  not  for  receiving  rewards.  I  am  aware  that  although  this  has  been 
customary,  nevertheless  on  the  part  of  the  farmers  of  the  country  the  union  of  the 
two  has  been  deemed  inconsistent.  I,  as  an  officer  of  the  Agricultural  Societv 
have  had  to  contend  with  this  idea,  and  it  affords  me  pleasure  at  having  an  oppor- 
tunity to  express,  although  briefly,  a  few  views  bearing  on  this  important  principle. 

It  has  been  too  customary  in  our  country  for  those  who  from  advanced  age  or 
other  causes  may  not  be  disposed  to  engage  in  military  exercises  to  speak  of  them 
lightly,  and  even  to  speak  of  them  in  a  vein  of  ridicule.  But  do  these  ever  reflect 
that  the  peace  smiling  on  our  happy  country  may  be  broken,  and  that  the  clouds  of 
war  so  long  absent  from  our  horizon  may  return  ?  Even  if  that  should  never  be 
the  case,  the  most  potent  cause  of  peace  so  long  enjoyed  by  us,  is  the  conviction  of 
other  nations,  that,  although  our  standing  army  may  be  small,  it  has  the  science  to 
render  it  the  nucleus  of  a  strong  army,  composed  of  the  flower  of  our  citizen  sol- 
diery, and  the  volunteers.     [Applause.] 

I  speak  to  you  as  a  brother.  I  have  witnessed  your  exercises  with  no  small  de- 
gree of  emotion.  Four  years  I  had  the  honor  of  receiving  an  education  at  that  In- 
stitution, co-existent  with  the  reputation  of  the  world.  I  stand  here  a  citizen  sol- 
dier before  the  farmers  of  this  country,  and  so  long  as  I  have  a  heart  to  feel  and  a 
voice  to  express  sentiments  of  devotion  to  my  country,  may  I  ever  be  ready  to  de- 
fend these  military  exercises,  in  which  you  have  shown  yourselves  so  proficient 
[Continued  applause.] 
28 


218  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

I  do  not  know  how  to  trust  myself  to  speak  in  terms  of  commendation  ;  to  make 
a  discrimination  between  companies  engaging  in  so  generous  a  rivalry,  and  in  each 
case  evincing  so  high  a  degree  of  skill.  I  hope  that  these  exercises  so  happily  in- 
augurated, will  be  followed  up.  I  hope  our  citizen  farmers  willplace  a  proper  ap- 
preciation upon  such  exercises  as  those  we  have  witnessed,  and  these  may  form  a 
precedent  for  many  similar  occasions. 

In  the  Institution  I  attended,  there  appears  to  me  to  be  one  inconsistency  with 
our  Republican  Institutions.  Its  doors  are  open  to  the  son  of  the  humblest  citi- 
zen, as  well  as  to  the  most  opulent.  This  is  as  it  should  be,  but  this  is  not  all.  I 
here  express  the  opinion  with  all  confidence,  that  the  best  interests  of  that  institu- 
tion can  only  be  attained  by  a  projjer  discrimination  of  those  who  shall  receive  its 
favors.  When  the  youth  of  our  country  enter  that  institution,  they  find  them- 
selves where  merit  alone  is  regarded.  The  discrimination  should  commence  at  the 
time  of  or  before  entry.  How  is  it  possible  that  the  army  can  reach  that  high  de- 
gree of  excellence  if  no  discrimination  is  made  or  no  degree  of  ti'ial  beforehand  ? 

Now  I  am  coming  to  the  point.  I  hope  the  day  is  not  far  distant,  when  military 
exercises  will  be  introduced  into  our  common  schools  and  educational  institutions. 
[Applause.]  I  hope  this  will  be  done,  for  several  reasons  ;  first,  because  there  is 
a  tendency  to  insubordination  commencing  with  the  youth  of  our  country,  and  be- 
cause no  corrective  is  so  great  as  obedience  to  military  authority.  Show  me  a 
youth  thus  educated,  and  I  will  show  you  a  good  cttizen.  So  far  from  producing 
an  inordinate  love  of  military  life,  I  say,  and  say  it  fearlessly,  that  the  fact  of  en- 
gaging in  these  exercises  begets  a  habit  of  obedience,  never  forgotten  in  after  life, 
and  lays  the  foundation  of  a  good  citizen. 

If  we  wish  the  national  institutions  and  army  to  be  an  honor  to  our  country,  of 
which  this  flag  is  the  proud  and  glorious  emblem,  if  we  wish  to  bring  it  to  the 
highest  possible  pitch  of  greatness,  if  we  would  carry  that  flag  victorious  over  land 
and  sea,  as  we  always  have  done,  we  must  resort  to  some  difi'erent  measures,  and 
use  some  discrimination,  as  the  other  nations  of  the  world  are  doing.  [Applause.] 
Therefore,  introduce  these  exercises  into  your  schools,  your  public  and  private  in- 
stitiitions.  Let  them  be  nurseries,  or,  at  least,  institutions  where  these  exercises 
may  be  practised,  and  there  you  will  have  the  refined  gold  of  the  nation.  It  is 
more  especially  necessary  that  this  should  become  universal,  as  that  institution 
cannot  accommodate  all  the  youth  of  our  nation  who  are  zealous  to  become  its  de- 
fenders. 

Now,  gentlemen,  having  already  detained  you  too  long,  but  not  too  long  for  the 
sentiments  of  this  occasion,  it  remains  for  me,  as  the  executive  ofiicer,  to  anuouuce 
the  decision  of  the  committee  : 

By  the  unanimous  voice  of  the  committee,  this  beautiful  stand  of  colors  has 
been  awarded  to  the  Cadets  of  the  60th  Regiment. 

The  colors  were  here  handed  to  the  officers  of  the  Cadets,  amid  the 
clieers  of  thousands  of  people,  assembled  to  witness  the  scene,  and 
the  lusty  huzzas  of  the  Highland  Guard.  After  the  cheering  had 
subsided,  Gen.  Tilghman  resumed  : 

In  announcing  this  grand  award,  permit  me  to  say  that  I  do  so  with  feelings  of 
great  emotion,  and  at  the  same  time  regret  that  I  cannot  make  a  similar  award  to 
your  noble  and  generous  rivals,  the  Highland  Guard.  Their  generosity  is  their 
best  reward,  and  in  their  applause  I  see  a  spirit  which  ennobles  them  still  more. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  219 

Gentlemen  of  the  Cadets,  a  single  ■word  at  parting.  You  cannot  prize  too  highly 
this  stand  of  colors.  On  the  one  hand  a  flag,  which,  as  long  as  you  possess  it,  will 
be  a  memento  of  the  skill  and  triumph  attained  on  this  occasion.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  flag  of  your  country,  those  glowing  stars  and  stripes,  under  which  we  all 
love  to  rally  in  peace  or  war.  Let  it  be  preserved  with  jealous  care,  or,  if  neces- 
sary to  be  defended,  never  let  it  be  trailed  in  the  dust,  or  soiled  with  dishonor. 
But  I  have  no  such  fears,  and  I  know  that  before  the  Cadets  would  suff"er  it,  they 
would  be  obliterated  from  the  land.  In  case  of  necessity,  march  under  that  flag, 
and  should  it  ever  be  my  lot  to  meet  you  again,  may  it  be  in  an  hour  of  victory, 
Avith  that  flag  at  your  head.    [Continued  applause.] 

Major  Ellsworth  responded  in  an  excellent  manner,  and  after  nine 
hearty  cheers,  the  military  took  up  their  march  for  the  city.  As  it 
was  sunset,  the  crowd  left  the  grounds,  but  it  was  some  hours  before 
all  found  conveyances.  The  cars  on  the  Illinois  Central  and  the 
Horse  Railroads  were  packed  to  overflowing,  and  it  was  stated  in  a 
Chicago  newspaper  that  there  were  at  least  a  thousand  people  unable 
to  find  accommodations,  who  wandered  about  the  streets  until  day- 
break. It  was  estimated  that  there  had  been  sixty  thousand  persons 
*on  the  grounds. 

THE   farmer's   congress. 

Dr.  John  A  Warder,  of  Ohio,  presided  at  the  Thursday  evening 
session,  and  there  was  a  good  attendance.  The  subject  for  discus- 
sion was :  "  The  Insects  injurious  to  Fruit  and  Fruit  Trees."  Messrs. 
Rosensteil,  Overman,  Galusha,  Curtis,  Stamen,  Ure,  and  Andrews  of 
Illinois  ;  Wm.  R.  Prince,  Blair,  and  Paine  of  New  York  ;  Giddings 
and  Warder  of  Ohio  ;  and  Carpenter,  Olin  and  Allen  of  Wisconsin, 
participated  in  a  long  and  interesting  debate,  in  which  many  curious 
facts  were  stated.  The  following  resolution,  which  embodied  the 
practical  advice  of  those  present,  was  adopted : 

"  Resolved,  That  in  the  opinion  of  this  meeting,  the  best  remedies  for  extermi- 
nating the  bark-louse  are  :  1st,  purchase  healthy  trees,  and  keep  them  healtliy  by 
good  culture.  2nd,  we  recommend  fish  oil  or  an  infusion  of  tobacco  to  be  applied 
to  such  trees  as  are  already  aff"ected  by  the  pest." 

EDITORIAL     CONVENTION. 

The  editors  and  publishers  of  Illinois,  in  attendance  at  the  Exhi- 
bition, had  a  meeting  on  Thursday  evening  at  the  spacious  rooms  of 
Bryant,  Bell  &  Stratton's  Commercial  College.  The  President  of 
the  association  was  Tur.  J.  Pickett,  of  the  Rock  Island  Register,  and 
a  series  of  articles  for  organization  and  government  were  adopted. 
The  Chicago  Journal  says  of  this  meeting  : 

"  The  best  of  feeling  prevailed  among  the  gentlemen  present,  and  many  of  the 
fraternity,  who  have  for  years  been  in  communion  with  each  other  through  the 
medium  of  their  respective  journals,  but  had  never  met  before,  became  personally 


220  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

acquainted  and  had  a  pleasant,  social  time,  after  the  adjournment.  We  trust  most 
sincerely  that,  the  foundation  for  an  association  of  this  kind  among  the  editors  and 
publishers  of  the  State  having  now  been  laid,  and  an  organization  formed,  all  the 
respectable  members  of  the  fraternity,  who  have  common  sympathies,  bear  a  com- 
mon responsibility,  and  have  common  interests,  will  unite  with  it,  and  that  we 
shall  henceforth,  at  least  once  a  year,  meet  together  as  brethren  standing  upon  a 
common  platform  of  peace  and  friendship.  The  effect  of  such  an  association  and 
of  an  annual  re-union  of  its  members,  cannot  but  be  beneficial  to  all  of  us." 


FOURTH  DAY.  —Friday,  September  16th. 

The  wea.her  was  pleasant,  and  there  was  but  little  decrease  in  the 
number  of  spectators.  In  the  morning  the  "rings"  of  working- 
oxen  and  steers  ;  fat  bullocks,  and  fat  cows  and  heifers,  attracted 
general  attention.  In  the  afternoon  there  were  spirited  exhibitions 
of  single  carriage-horses,  saddle-horses,  and  ponies.  Committees  on 
Sheep,  Swine  and  Poultry  finished  their  examinations.  Threshing- 
machines  and  hay-cutters  were  thoroughly  tested,  and  the  entire 
grounds  presented  an  animated  and  busy  scene. 

A    "  TRIAL    OF   SPEED,"    BY   STEAM-PLOUGHS. 

Great  interest  was  excited  by  the  tests  of  the  steam-ploughs, 
(fully  chronicled  in  the  Committee's  Report)  and  on  Friday  the  iron- 
plough-horscs  had  a  "  trial  of  speed  "  which  eclipsed  all  exhibitions 
of  fancy  trotters.  The  Fawkes  and  the  Waters  machine  having 
ploughed,  the  Committee  had  the  machines  brought  on  the  Track, 
"  to  show  their  locomotive  capacity  and  outward  mechanical  con- 
struction." On  each  machine  was  a  party  of  reporters  and  agricul- 
turists, some  of  the  latter  evidently  enjoying  the  race,  although  they 
have  ever  set  their  fjaces  against  fast-trotting  at  agricultural  exhibi- 
ticns.  When  they  started,  Waters  "went  ahead,"  and  Fawkes  be- 
hind, that  the  ruts  made  by  the  ribs  of  the  wheels  of  the  one  should 
be  obliterated  by  the  smooth  roller  of  the  other.  Away  they  steamed, 
amid  a  general  silence  ;  but  Fawkes,  impatient  of  the  sluggish  pro- 
gress of  his  rival,  when  one  turn  had  been  made,  took  advantage  of 
his  opportunity,  and  steaming  rapidly  past,  soon  distanced  him.  The 
scream  of  his  whistle  was  well  nigh  drowned  in  the  cheers  that  burst 
from  the  large  assemblage,  and  the  officials  and  others  on  the  ma- 
rtshines  were  so  excited  with  the  novel  race,  that  they  cheered  as  loud 
aiid  as  lustily  as  the  crowd.  The  engines,  after  leaving  the  track, 
were  taken  to  an  open  plot  in  the  implement  quarter,  and  caused  to 
plow  each  one  furrow  through,  to  ^hcw  the  people  the  quality  of 
their  work.  After  completing  this,  they  were  taken  to  the  open  prai- 
rie adjoining  the  grounds  and  put  regularly  to  trial.     The  result  is 


At  Chicago,  BUnols,    September,  1859.  221 

given  in  the  ofiicial  rejiort  of  the  judges,  which  will  bo  found  on  a 
subsequent  page. 

MUSICAL   CONTEST. 

The  Light  Guard  Band  and  the  Great  Western  Band  competed 
for  a  silver  medal,  offered  to  the  best  Brass  Band.  At  the  comple- 
tion of  the  performances,  the  special  committee  reported  that  they 
were  unaljle  to  award  the  Medal,  as  of  the  two  pieces  selected,  the 
Great  Western  Band  played  the  chorus  ("  Freudig-  hegrussen  ivir  die 
edle  Halle^  from  Wagner's  "  Taunhauser i^''  best,  while  the  Light 
Guard  Band  played  the  Pot  Porri  from  Meyerbeer's  "  Robert  Le 
Tiiable^''  best.  The  committee  consequently  recommended  that  a 
Diploma  of  Honor  be  aw  rded  to  each  of  the  contesting  bands,  and 
the  Executive  Committee  confirmed  this  award. 

RAILROAD    "  ROLLING-STOCK." 

This  was  the  first  time  that  this  description  of  stock  has  been  on 
exhibition  at  a  National  Agricultural  Fair,  but  it  attracted  much  at- 
tention. One  entire  train  from  the  "  Michigan  Central  Eailroad " 
was  highly  commended,  especially  a  Drover'' s  Sleeping  Car,  for  the 
accommodation  of  men  in  charge  of  cattle,  and  a  Combination 
Freight  Car,  adapted  to  the  carrying  of  grain,  merchandise  or  lum- 
ber, and  yet  easily  converted  into  an  excellent  car  for  the  convey- 
ance of  cattle. 

THE   farmers'    congress. 

Wm.  R.  Prince,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  presided  at  the  Friday  evening 
session.  The  subject  was  "  Grape  Culture,"  and  the  merits  of  new 
varieties  were  di&cussed,  the  Congress  deciding  by  vote  :  "  That,  so 
far  as  known,  the  Delaware  grape  is  worthy  of  general  cultivation  ;" 
"  That  the  Concord  grape  is  worthy  of  general  cultivation ;"  "  That 
the  Rebecca  grape  is  worthy  of  general  cultivation  ;"  and  "  That  the 
Union  Village  Grape  is  recommended  for  further  trial."  A  resolu- 
tion recommending  the  Hartford  Prolific  Grape  for  general  cultiva- 
tion was  lost. 


FIFTH  DAY.  —  Saturday,  September  17th. 

The  last  day  of  an  Agricultural  Exhibition  is  generally  deficient  in 
interest,  but  on  this  occasion  there  was  no  diminution  either  in  the 
number  of  spectators  or  the  variety  and  excellence  of  the  programme. 
No  stock  or  implements  were  removed  until  late  in  the  afternoon. 


222  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

SPECIAL   COMMITTEES. 

Several  hundred  implements,  machines,  <fec.,  for  which  no  premi- 
ums had  been  offered  by  the  Society,  had  been  entered  as  "Mis 
cellaneous."  Some  of  these  had  been  entrusted  to  Committees  ap- 
pointed to  judge  articles  or  machinery  of  a  similar  character,  and  on 
Friday  and  Saturday,  Special  Committees  were  organized  to  exam- 
ine the  remainder.  The  necessity  for  immediate  action  made  it  ne- 
cessary to  entrust  this  organization  to  different  officers  of  the  Society, 
but  it  was  of  course  intended  that  the  following  regulations  should  be 
observed ; — 

"Discretionary  Premiums,  Diplomas,  and  Medals,  will  be  awarded  by  the  Exec- 
utive Committee,  should  objects  of  special  interest,  not  provided  for  in  any  of  the 
classes,  be  presented." 

"  The  Judges  will  report  not  only  the  animals  and  articles  entitled  to  premiums, 
but  also  those  next  in  merit,  in  each  class,  to  meet  the  contingency  of  any  objec- 
tion which  may  arise  to  the  awards,  and  also  that  they  may  receive  suitable  com- 
mendation. Any  animal  or  article  which,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Judges,  deserves 
special  commendation,  will  be  so  reported  to  the  Executive  Committee." 

"  The  Judges  will  affix  Blue  Itibhons  to  those  animals  or  articles  to  which  they 
may  award  the  first  premiums  ;  Red  Eibbons  to  those  to  which  they  may  award 
the  second  premiums  ;  Green  Ribbons  to  those  to  which  they  may  award  I^iplomas 
—  the  same  being  offered  in  the  Premium  list.  White  Ribbons  (and  no  others)  are 
to  be  affixed  to  all  articles  or  animals  recom.mended  for  Discretionary  Premiums." 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  gentlemen  who  served  on  several 
Special  Committees,  either  did  not  read  or  did  not  fully  understand 
the  above  published  regulations.  Acting  doubtless  in  good  faith, 
some  of  them  passed  judgment  and  reported  on  machines  and  articles 
which  other  committees  had  examined  and  reported  on  —  as  their 
books  testified  —  some  days  previous.  Of  course,  it  was  impossible 
for  the  Executive  Committee  to  set  aside  awards  already  made  and 
registered.  Neither  could  they,  in  justice  to  the  Society,  confirm 
lavish  awards  of  money  and  medals,  made  to  exhibitors  of  articles 
for  which  no  premiums  had  been  specially  offered.  The  awards  of 
Discretionary  premiums  confirmed  are  four  times  more  numerous 
than  those  given  at  any  previous  Exhibition  of  the  Society. 

THE  PROCESSION  OF  PREMIUM  ANIMAL^. 

In  the  morning,  there  was  a  triumphant  procession  of  all  the 
Horses  and  Cattle  to  which  premiums  had  been  awarded,  wearing 
the  distinctive  ribbons.  It  was  a  magnificent  spectacle,  and  the  thou- 
sands of  spectators  who  crowded  the  seats  or  lined  the  entire  track, 
testified  their  admiration  of  the  finest  animals  by  applause  as  they 
passed  by.  Much  amusement  was  created  by  the  proud  air  of  de- 
light with  which  some  of  the  grooms  or  herdsmen  led  the  "  blue  rib- 
bon "  animals,  as  if  they  considered  themselves  entitled  to  a  good 
share  of  the  honors. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  223 

EXHIBITION    OF    HORSES. 

The  different  classes  of  Trotting  Stallions,  Trotting  Geldings,  and 
Saddle  Horses,,  were  in  turn  exhibited,  and  the  trials  of  speed  on  the 
track  were  of  course  witnessed  with  great  gratification  by  numerous 
spectators. 

THE    EXHIBITION   HALLS. 

Nor  was  there  any  lack  of  visitors  in  the  different  Halls,  each  one 
of  which  was  crowded  during  the  day  by  spectators,  and  on  every 
hand  was  heard  expressions  of  regret  that  the  Exhibition  was  so  soon 
to  terminate.  The  masses  of  spectators,  the  fine  cattle,  the  spirited 
horses,  the  busy  clatter  of  machines,  the  patriotic  music  from  the  band, 
—  all  joined  in  making  the  scene  one  of  interest  to  all  present,  calcu- 
lated to  stamp  pleasant  recollections  on  the  memory,  and  to  encour- 
age all  who  "  Speed  The  Plough,"  use  the  spade,  wield  the  hammer, 
or  manage  machinery. 

THE  CITY   REPORTERS. 

At  the  dinner  of  the  Government  of  the  Society  and  their  guests, 
President  Tilghman  made  some  felicitous  remarks  in  which  he  made 
especial  allusion  to  the  fidelity  and  completeness  of  the  reports  of  the 
Exhibitors  in  the  daily  newspapers  of  Chicago.  [The  Secretary 
would  here  give  due  credit  to  the  Journal,  the  Times,  the  Democrat, 
and  the  Press  and  Tribune  for  those  portions  of  their  excellent  re- 
ports used  in  compiling  this  account.] 

THE    STEAM   FIRE    ENGINES. 

There  not  being  an  adequate  supply  of  water  on  the  ground  for  a 
trial  of  the  Steam  Fire  Engines,  they  were  tested  at  the  dock  near 
the  Rush  Street  Bridge,  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  The  engines  entered 
were  the  Hope  of  Philadelphia  and  the  Atlantic  of  Chicago,  built  at 
Seneca  Falls.  The  Hope  threw  water  from  the  pipe  in  nine  minutes 
and  forty  seconds  from  the  time  the  torch  was  applied,  and  the  Atlan- 
tic in  nine  minutes  and  fifty  seconds.  The  Hope  played  from  an  inch 
pipe  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight  feet  horizontally  with  ninety 
pounds  of  steam,  while  the  Atlantic  played  from  an  inch  and  a  quarter 
pipe,  one  hundred  and  sixty-one  feet,  with  sixty-four  pounds  of  steam. 
The  Committee  on  Steam  Fire  Engines  awarded  the  first  premium, 
the  Grand  Silver  Medal,  to  the  Hope.  This  machine  weighed  5,194 
pounds,  steam  cylinder,  8^  inch,  pumps  4 13-16  inch,  length  of  stroke 
of  piston  13  inches.  It  has  been  in  service  in  the  Philadelphia  Fire 
Department  since  July  1st,  1858,  and  it  rendered  good  service  at  a 
disastrous  fire  at  Chicago  on  the  night  of  Sept.  15  -16th.    The  Hope 


224  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

Hose  Company  of  Philadelphia  had  just  arrived,  and  were  being  en- 
tertained at  supper  by  the  HoiJe  Hose  Company  of  Chicago  when  the 
fire  broke  out. 

THE   citizen's   PREMIUM   FOR  TROTTING -HORSES. 

The  spirited  contest  for  the  premium  of  $1,000  originally  offered 
by  the  citizens  of  Chicago  for  the  best  trotting  horse,  occupied  the 
last  afternoon  of  the  Exhibition.  It  was  awarded  to  the  horse  "  The 
Cook,"  14  years  old  owned  by  Henry  Graves,  of  Chicago.  The 
details  of  the  trials  will  be  found  in  the  report  of  the  committee. 

Some  disappointment  was  expressed  because  neither  "Flora 
Temple  "  or  "  Princess,"  both  of  which  had  been  regularly  entered, 
ai3peared  to  contest  for  the  premium.  The  OlficGrs  of  the  Society, 
however,  had  decided  that  no  extra  inducements  would  be  held  out 
to  secure  the  attendance  of  any  horse,  and  that  if  the  "  Queen  of 
the  Turf"  was  to  contest  for  the  premium,  she  must  be  judged  by 
the  same  rules  and  regulations  as  the  other  horses  entered.  Speed 
would  only  be  taken  into  consideration  in  connection  with  other 
qualities.  This  did  not  suit  the  proprietor  of  "  Flora  Temple  " 
whose  friends  had  intimated  that  he  must  receive  a  bonus  of  $500  ; 
one  half  of  the  gate-money  taken  on  the  day  his  mare  trotted  ;  and 
the  privilege  of  contesting  for  the  $1000  premium,  with  the  under- 
standing that  only  speed  was  to  be  taken  into  consideration.  No 
notice  was  taken  by  the  Executive  Committee  of  this  proposition. 

After  the  announcement  of  the  award  of  the  premium  to  Mr. 
Graves'  horse,  the  celebrated  mare  "  Princess  "  was  brought  on  the 
track  by  her  owner,  Mr.  Eofi",  and  exhibited  to  the  crowd,  who 
greeted  her  with  cheers. 

PRESIDENT   TILGHMAN'S  VALEDICTORY. 

After  the  conclusion  of  the  display  of  horses,  the  steam-engines 
were  stopped,  and  there  was  a  general  assemblage  of  spectators, 
exhibitors  and  officers  before  the  Grand  Stand,  where  President 
TiLGHMAN  delivered  the  follo\\ang  Valedictory  Address  : 

Fellow  Citizens  of  the  United  States  of  America. — The  time  has  almost  arrived 
to  pronounce  the  magic  word  farewell,  and  to  sever  those  friendships  which, 
although  formed  so  recently,  will  prove  as  enduring  as  the  memory  of  the  cir- 
cumstance under  which  they  have  originated. 

And  what  are  the  circumstances  under  which  we  are  about  to  separate  ? 

The  exhibition  which  is  now  closing,  is  in  many  resj^ects  unparalleled  in  the 
history  of  agricultural  gatherings. 

Other  and  older  nations,  more  circumscribed  in  extent,  and  therefore  more 
dense  in  population,  may  boast  of  larger  assemblages  of  people,  but   when  we 


Al  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  225 

consider  the  a<^e  of  the  country,  and  especially  of  this  infant  portion  of  it, 
when  we  consi  ler  the  large  and  magnificent  display  of  articles  in  eceri/  depart- 
ment, when  we  regard  the  order  and  decorum  of  the  vast  masses  by  whom  we 
have  been  constantly  surrounded,  from  the  opening  to  the  closing  of  the  Fair 
we  shall  look  in  vain  for  its  equal  in  these  respects  in  any  age  or  country. 
[Applause.] 

The  events  af  the  past  week  are  now  a  part  of  history,  and  carry  with  them 
a  moral  which  should  not  be  forgotten.  They  have  aflbrded  conclusive  evidence 
that  wherever  we  may  go— in  whatsoever  portion  of  our  broad  land  we  may 
raise  the  national  standard,  and  rally  under  the  broad  a?gis  of  our  common 
country,  the  national  heart  will  always  beat  responsive  to  the  summons,  and  call 
forth  such  an  assemblage  of  our  ycemanry  as  no  other  consideration  can  diaw 
from  those  homes  and  firesides  around  which  the  fondest  affections  of  the  heart 
delight  to  linger. 

Another  result  of  the  present  exhibition  is  the  conviction  of  the  insufficiency 
of  the  time  heretofore  allotted  to  our  meetings. 

An  extension  of  several  days  is  absolutely  required  by  a  sense  of  justice  to 
the  exhibitors  ;  but  the  arrangement  of  the  details  must  be  left  to  the  assembled 
wisdom  of  the  Farmers'  Congress  at  their  annual  session  in  Washington. 

Fellow  citizens  of  the  West — to  you  belongs  the  honor  of  having  exceeded 
every  portion  of  the  country  in  this  evidence  of  devotion  to  the  interests  of  our 
common  heritage.     [Prolonged  Cheering.] 

As  long  as  memory  shall  exert  her  power,  will  those  who  have  witnessed  the 
scenes  of  this  memorable  week  revert  with  undiminished  interest  to  the  events 
of  this  great  Fair  of  the  West,  and  the  citizens  of  Chicago  will  ever  remember 
with  a  feeling  of  unalloyed  gratification,  that  they  have  been  the  first  to  introduce 
in  the  prairie  land  the  series  of  national  gatherings  which,  it  is  hoped,  in  return- 
ing years  may  often  be  witnessed  in  a  section  of  our  country  which,  for  numbers, 
intelligence  and  indomitable  energy,  is  not  suipassed  by  any  portion  of  the 
habitable  globe.     [Applause.] 

And  now,  gentlemen  and  ladies,  it  only  remains  for  me  to  announce  that  the 
seventh  and  most  successful  exhibition  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Society, 
has  been  formally  closed,  without  the  occurrence  of  a  single  accident  or  any 
circumstance  calculated  to  mar  the  harmony  of  its  proceedings. 

THE   CLOSING    SCENE. 

An  appropriate  Benediction  was  then  pronounced  by  the  Right 
Reverend  Henry  J.  Whitehou^e,  D.  D.,  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Illinois, 
who  with  the  members  of  the  Convention  of  his  Diocese  then  assembled, 
and  many  clergymen  of  other  denominations,  had  been  invited  to 
attend  the  Exhibition. 

The   Band  then  performed   "  Auld   Lang  Sjne,"   the  President's 
flag  was  lowered,  the  gates   were   thrown   open,  and   the   Seventh 
Animal  Exhibition  of  the  United   States   Agricultural  Society  was 
numbered  among  past  events. 
29 


226  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

CRITICISMS    OF   THE   PRESS. 

The  following  extracts  from  editorial  comments,  whicli  appeared 
in  the  principal  daily  newspapers  of  Chicago,  show  in  what  estima- 
tion the  Exhibition  was  hold  by  those  whose  kind  aid  contributed 
to  its  success. 

The  Daily  Times  said  :  "  The  Aveather  throughout  has  been  fine.  The  show 
was  all  that  the  most  sanguine  had  reason  to  expect.  We  have  never  seen  so 
great  a  multitude  of  people  remain  together  so  long  ;  and  taking  everything 
relating  to  it  into  the  view — the  Seventh  Fair  of  the  National  Agricultural 
Society  has  been  a  signal  success." 

The  Daihj  Democrat  said  :  "  The  great  National  Fair  is  over.  From  its 
beginning  to  its  close  it  has  been  a  perfect  and  a  glorious  success.  In  all  the 
great  elements  of  a  National  Exhibition  it  has  exceeded  any  Fair  ever  held  in 
the  Union — the  world's  exhibition  at  the  Crystal  Palace,  New  York,  not  excepted. 
The  vastness  of  the  crowds  that  thronged  the  grounds  ;  the  perfect  good  order 
and  freedom  from  accident  to  life  and  limb  ;  the  splendid  and  unequalled  display 
of  fine  cattle,  horses,  sheep  and  swine ;  the  endless  array  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments and  inventions ;  the  steam  plows  ;  the  machinery  ;  and  the  agricultural 
products,  all  combined  to  render  the  Fair  one  of  the  greatest  occasions  of  the 
day  and  age." 

The  Daily  Press  and  Tribune  said :  "  The  National  Fair  is  over.  Citizens 
and  strangers  alike  concur  in  the  opinion  that  it  was  a  great  success  ;  that  as  an 
exhibition  of  farm  produce,  of  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  swine  and  mules,  of  agricul- 
tural implements,  of  manufactured  articles  for  household  use  and  domestic  com- 
fort, it  was  unequalled  in  the  history  of  the  Society;  that  the  arrangements  were 
made  on  a  munificent  scale,  and  carefully  carried  out ;  that  the  receipts  were 
bounteous  ;  that  the  crowd  was  unexampled,  and  that  there  was  nothing  to  mar 
the  delight  or  destroy  the  profit  of  the  occasion.     All  this  must  be  conceded." 

The  Daily  Journal  said  :  "  Thus,  after  a  week's  duration  has  closed  the 
United  States  Fair  for  the  year  1859.  We  think  we  speak  within  bounds  when 
we  assert  that  in  its  general  aspects  it  has  exceeded  any  previous  Fair  ever  held 
in  the  Union.  For  six  days  an  unending  procession  of  men  and  women  have 
streamed  in  and  out  its  broad  gate  ;  as  many  days  the  trains  upon  the  railroads 
terminating  in  this  city,  from  the  east  and  the  west  have  thundered  in,  loaded 
dov.'n  with  passengers. 

"  But  it  was  not  alone  in  the  number  and  variety  of  articles  exiiibited — not  the 
immense  throng  that  throbbed  in  at  its  gates  —  nor  yet  the  enormous  re  eeipt  of 
money,  which  made  the  National  Fair  the  success  it  has  proved.  It  was  the  char- 
acter of  the  people  that  came  together —  the  intelligence  which  was  represented, 
good  order,  sobriety  and  proprieties  observed,  that  rendered  the  Fair  an  object  of 
which  Chicago  and  the  West  might  indeed  be  proud. 

"  Every  day  the  grounds  have  been  thronged  with  dense  crowds,  and  although  a 
constant  attendant,  we  almost  failed  to  hear  of  a  crime  committed,  or  se^  a  drunk- 
en man,  or  a  single  violation  of  good  order  or  decency.  No  accident  of  any  kind 
his  occurred  to  mar  the  harmony  of  each  day's  proceedings.  The  show  of  stock 
could  not  be  excelled,  and  our  prairie  farmers  have  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  see- 
ing it  from  other  and  distant  States,  suggesting  and  receiving  mutual  valuable 
hints  in  their  noble  profession.  The  golden  wealth  of  our  Western  harvests  has 
been  placed  on  exhibition  and  from  its  inspection  we  have  all  received 
a  sure  promise  of  plenty.  Agricultural  machines  and  that  great  princi- 
ple, the  steam  plow,  for  we  look  upon  it  only  as  a  bud,  which  shall  expand,^  as 
did  the  locomotive  and  the  steamboat,  into  a  convenient,  light  and  labor-saving 
machine  in  no  distant  future,  have  been  in  constant  operation  for  our  study. 
The  fine  arts  have  delighted  our  tastes,  and  the  floral  tributes  have  regaled  our 
senses.  In  fine  It  has  been  a  triumph  of  the  harvest,  the  work-shop  and  the 
prairie ;  the  fruits  of  a  year's  toil  of  many  strong  hearts  and  hoping  heads  alike 
gratifying  and  glorious. 
"  As  a  financial  aid  to  the  Society    the   fair   has    been  a  signal   success,  and  its 


At  Chicag-o,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  227 

coffers  have  been  swelled  by  thousands  of  dollars  which  shall  in  turn  be  devoted 
to  the  furtherance  of  the  noble  objects  for  which  it  was  founded.  The  receipts 
from  all  sources  will  jjrobably  amount  to  over  thirty  thousand  dollars,  and  while 
we  would  also  estimate  the  usefulness  of  the  exhibition  in  something  beyond 
paltry  dollars  and  cents,  still  wo  can  but  congratulate  its  officers  upon  the  hand- 
some result  they  have  obtained. 

"  Beside  advancing  the  interests  of  the  society,  it  has  materially  aided  our 
city.  Calculating  that  fifty  thousand  people  have  visited  the  city  during  the 
week  and  that  each  one  of  that  number  has  spent  ten  dollars,  it  has"  left  500,000 
dollars  within  our  city.  Nearly  every  State  in  the  Union  has  been  represented 
here  from  Maine  to  Texas.  It  has  afforded  these  strangers  an  opportunity  to 
study  us ;  to  mark  the  signs  of  our  progress  and  prosperity  ;  to  appreciate  the 
earnest  efforts  of  our  citizens  to  build  up  in  this  western  land  of  ours  a  great 
and  firm-founded  city.  It  has  acquainted  them  with  our  railroad,  marine, 
agricultural  and  mechanical  interests ;  it  has  given  them  an  opportunity  to  see 
the  measui-eless  breadth  of  acres  sown  and  harvested  by  our  army  of  husband- 
men. And  we  trust  we  are  not  wrong  in  saying  that  they  leave"  us  as  friends 
who  came  here  as  strangers,  and  that  new  bonds  of  alliance  have  been  cemented 
and  new  friendships  formed  which  shall  prove  of  mutual  importance  to  each. 
They  came  here,  also,  not  alone  to  see  us  but  to  engage  in  a  brotherly  strife. 
They  have  waged  it  with  zealous  ardor,  and  while  some  of  them  return  as  con- 
querors bearing  their  trophies  wdth  them,  we  trust  that  all  have  gained  new  in- 
formation which  shall  tend  towards  the  highest  attainment  and  perfection  of 
agricultural  and  mechanical  sciences. 


PREMIUMS  AWARDED. 

CLASS  1.     HERDS,— FINEST  AMERICAN  ANIMALS. 

Best  Durham  Herd, — James  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  Illinois, .*100 

Second  best  do.,  J.  H.  Spear,  Petersburg,  Illinois, 50 

Best  Devon  Herd, — Horace  Capron,  McHenry  county,  Illinois, IfO 

Second  best  do.,         H.  N.  Washburn,  Davenport,  Iowa, 50 

Best  Ayrshire  Herd,  Brodie  &  Converse,  Ellisburg,  New  York, 100 

Best  Hereford  Herd — Thomas  Aston,  Elyria,  Ohio 100 

Second  best  do.,  John  Merryman,  Cockeyesville,  Marjdand, 50 

Best  Jersey  Herd — J.  Howard  McHenry,  Pikesville,  Maryland, 100 

Second  best,  do.,      E.  Cook,  Davenport,  Iowa, 50 

Best  lot  of  cows,  not  full  blood,  A.  G.  Carle,  Urbana,  Illinois, 50 

Best  lot  of  Fat  Cattle,  J.  C  Bone,  Pleasant  Plains,   Illinois, 50 

Best  Herd  on  the  ground,  J.  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  Illinois, Diploma  of  Honor. 

Best  Herd  imported  by  Exhibitor,  J.  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  Illinois,  Diploma  of  Honor. 

Best  Herd  by  Exhibitor, — J.  D.  Smith,  Berlin,  Illinois, Diploma  of  Honor. 

Second  do.,  do.,  A.  G.  Carle,  Urbana,  Illinois Diploma  of  Honor. 

Best  American  Animal,  bred  by  Exhibitor,  J.  N.  Brown,  Illinois,  Diploma  of  Honor. 
Benjamin  N.  Huntington  of  New  York,  Chainnan. 
[One  hundred  and  forty-two  animals  were  entered  for  the  above  premiums,  mak- 
ing a  magnificent  display.  The  "ring  "  of  the  American  animals,  bred  by  exhibitors 
was  especially  excellent,  seventeen  noble  specimens  of  blooded-stock  appearing  in 
competition.  The  Dqjloma  of  Honor  was  awarded  to  Hon.  James  N.  Brown,  of 
Grove  Park,  Berlin,  Sangamon  County,  Illinois,  for  his  cow  "  Tulip."  She  is  a 
light  roan,  calved  August  12,  1851.  Got  by  Remick,  903,  out  of  Beauty,  by  im- 
ported Don  John,  426 ;  Caroline  2d.  by  Goldfinch,  (3909)  ;  Caroline,  by  Goldfinder 

(2066) ;  Milkmaid,   by  Oliver,    (2387)  ;  Spot,   by  Mohawk,  (4492)  ;  ,  by  San 

Martin,  (2599) ;  ,  by  Paul  Jones,  (4661); ,  by  Buzzard,   (3253).     A  per. 


228  '  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

trait  of  "  Tulip,"  is  the  frontispiece  to  the  Transactions  of  the  Illinois  State  Agri- 
cultural Society  for  1857-8.] 

CLASS  2.  IMPORTED  DURHAM  BULLS. 
The  committee  on  Imported  Durham  Bulls  three  years  old  and  upwards,  were  ; 
John  Brooks,  Mass  ;  John  Wentworth,  III;  Aaron  Clement,  Penn ;  B.  P.  John- 
son, N.  Y.;  Stephen  Ogden,  111.  They  beg  leave  to  report  that  the  number  of  ani- 
mals in  this  division  of  Class  Second,  present  in  the  ring,  m  as  two,  viz :  New 
Year's  Day,  owned  by  C.  M.  Clark  and  company,  Springfield,  Ohio,  and  Master 
Lounds,  owned  by  John  H.  Spears,  Petersburg,  Menard  County,  111.  Red  Kirk, 
owned  by  Davis  and  Townsend,  Oswego,  Kendall  County,  111.,  was  on  the  entry 
book,  but  from  some  cause  unknown  to  the  committee  was  not  piesented  for  exam- 
ination. On  looking  over  the  bulls  the  judges  very  soon  found  that  the  contest  for 
preferment  was  between  King  Alfred  and  New  Year's  Day,  but  after  much  deliber- 
ation they  came  to  the  conclusion  that  New  Year's  Day  was  the  best  animal  and 
accordingly  awarded  him  the  Society's  premium  of  one  hundred  dollars. 

Of  Imported  Durham  Bulls  two  years  old  and  under  three,  there  were  but  two 
entries.  Goldfinder,  owned  by  J.  C.  Bone,  Pleasant  Plain,  111.,  and  Third  Grand 
Duke,  owned  by  F.  W.  Stone,  Guelph,  Canada.  Goldfinder  is  a  very  fine  animal, 
and  is  deserving  of  high  commendation,  but  the  Committee  were  of  opinion  that 
Third  Grand  Duke  was  better,  and  gave  him  the  Society's  premium  of  fifty  dollars. 
The  committee  on  this  division  of  Class  second,  were  the  same  as  on  the  former 
division,  with  the  exception  of  B.  P.  Johnson,  he  having  other  engagements. 
Hon.  Charles  E.  Stuart,  of  Mich.,  was  substituted  in  his  stead. 

John  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman. 
CLASS  3.  IMPORTED  DURHAM  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 
There  were  ten  entries  in  three  years  old  and  upwards,  viz.,  Easter  Day,  owned 
by  II.  C.  Clark,  Springfield,  Ohio  ;  Emerald,  owned  by  J.  C.  Bone,  Pleasant  Plain, 
111.;  Desdemona,  Eugenia,  and  Sanspareil,  owned  by  F.  W.  Stone,  Guelph,  Cana- 
da ;  Rachel  2d.,  and  Western  Lady,  owned  by  James  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  111.,  and 
Marchioness  of  Gloster,  owned  by  F.  W.  Stone,  Guelph,  Canada.  Three  of  these 
cows  were  absent  and  were  not  seen  by  the  committee,  the  other  seven  were  exam- 
ined by  John  Brooks,  Mass.;  John  Wentworth,  111.;  Aaron  Clement,  Penn.;  and 
Charles  E.  Stuart,  Mich.,  and  pronounced  to  be  seven  superior  cows,  probably  as 
good  as  can  be  produced  at  any  show  in  the  United  States.  The  superior 
excellence  of  Rachel  2d.,  owned  by  James  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  111.,  induced  the 
committee  to  give  her  the  Society's  first  premium,  of  seventy-five  dollars.  Of  two 
years  old  and  under  three,  one  year  olds  and  under  two,  and  under  one  year  old 
there  was  no  entries. 

John  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman. 

CLASS  4.    IMPORTED  DEVON  BULLS. 

Best  over  three  years  old,  C.  T.  Bent.  Iowa, $100 

Nicholas  Winterstein,  of  Iowa,  Chairman. 
CLASS  5.    IMPORTED  DEVON  COWS. 

Best  cow  over  three  years  old.     J.  McHenry,  Maryland 75 

Nicholas  Winterstein,  of  Iowa,  Chairman. 
CLASS  6.    IMPORTED  AYRSHIRE  BULLS. 
The  Judges  were  John  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts,  Wm.  Jesup,  Maryland,  J.  K, 
Bassett,  Missouri,  and  Stephen  Ogden,  Illinois,  and  they  Report,  that  in  Class  6» 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  229 

Imported  Ayrshire  Bulls,  three  years  old  and  upwards,  Kilburn,  owned  hy  Brodie 
&  Converse,  Ellisburg,  N.  Y.,  was  the  only  bull  entered.  Kilburn  is  nine  years 
old,  thin  of  flesh,  but  presents  a  good  frame,  and  appearance,  and  on  the  whole,  is 
a  good  specimen  of  an  Ayrshire  bull ;  the  committee  awarded  him  the  Society's 
premium  of  one  hundred  dollars. 

CLASS  7.  IMPORTED  AYRSHIRE  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 
Same  committee  as  on  Class  6.  Only  one  cow,  three  years  old  and  upwards, 
was  entered.  White  Lily,  owned  by  Brod  e  &  Converse,  Ellisburg,  N.  Y. 
White  Lily  is  a  fine  sample  of  an  Ayrshire  cow.  She  has  the  Guenon  marks  well 
developed,  large  milk  veins,  and  the  figure  and  appearance  of  a  good  milker,  and 
said  by  her  attendant  to  have  given  at  the  height  of  her  flow,  sixty  pounds  of  milk 
daily.     The  committee  awarded  her  the  Society's  premium  of  seventy-five  dollars. 

John  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman. 

CLASS  8.    IMPORTED  HEREFORD  BULLS. 
No  Entries. 

CLASS  9.    IMPORTED  HEREFORD  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 

Best  over  three  years  old.     Milton  J.  Merryman,  Maryland, $75 

Richard  Wray,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

CLASS  10.  IMPORTED  ALDERNEY  BULLS  . 
No  Awards. 

CLASS  n.  IMPORTED  ALDERNEY  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 

Best,  over  three  years,  "  Grisette,"  B.  F.  Carver,  Illinois, $75 

The  committee  did  not  consider  the  Alderney  Bull  entered,  worthy  of  a  premium, 
and  they  also  ruled  out  the  cow  "  Rigolette,"  as  not  an  imported  animal.  They 
award  the  first  premium  to  Mr.  Carver's  cow  "  Grisette." 

H.  W.  Clapp,  of  Massachusetts,  Cliairman. 

CLASS  12.  AMERICAN  DURHAM  BULLS. 
The  Judges  on  Bulls  three  years  old  and  upwards,  were  John  Brooks,  Mass., 
John  Wentworth,  111.,  Charles  E.  Stuart,  Mich.,  Aaron  Clement,  Penn.,  and  Ste- 
phen Ogden,  111.  Of  this  description  of  bulls  there  was  eleven  entries  :  Duke  of 
York  2d,  owned  by  James  Duncan,  III;  Governor,  owned  by  J.  B.  Turner,  111.; 
Belleville  Sutton,  owned  by  R.  CallS",  Monticello,  111.;  Knickerbocker,  owned  by 
W.  N.  Chamberlain,  Vienna  ^  Roads,  Ohio  ;  Tom,  owned  by  F.  Harris,  Jefl'erson, 
111.;  Fairmount,  owned  by  C.  R.  Marks,  Davenport,  Iowa  ;  Sampson,  owned  by  S. 
Brooks,  East  Troy,  Wisconsin,  Orphan  Boy,  owned  by  Dewit  Beverly,  Barrington, 
111 ,  Sir  Leslie,  owned  by  W.  S.  Skinner,  Oilman,  Lake  County,  111.,  Prince,  owned 
by  N.  Winterstein,  Iowa  city,  Iowa;  and  Prince  Albert,  owned  by  P.  S.  Spencer, 
Danville,  111.;  these  bulls  were  all  in  the  ring  for  examination,  but  Prince  Albert' 
they  were  all  good,  some  of  them  excellent ;  two  of  them  excelled  all  others,  and 
the  committee  awarded  the  Society's  first  premium  of  one  hundred  dollars  to 
Knickerbocker,  owned  by  W.  N.  Chamberlain,  Vienna  ><  Roads,  Ohio,  and  the  sec- 
ond premium  of  forty  dollars,  to  Belleville  Sutton,  owned  by  R.  Califf,  Monticello, 
Illinois. 

Of  Bulls,  two  years  old  and  under  three,  Alton,  owned  by  A.  G.  Carle,  Urban- 
na,  111.,  was  the  only  entry.  Alton,  is  a  good  bull,  and  the  Committee,  notwith- 
standing the  absence  of  competition,  judged  him  worthy  of  the  Society's  premium 
of  fifty  dollars. 

Bulls  one  year  old  and  under  two.  The  Judges  In  this  division  of  Class  twelve, 
were  the  same  as  in  the  other  divisions  of  the  same  class,  with  the  exception  of  the 


230  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

Hon.  John  Wentwortli,  he  being  an  exliibitor  in  this  division,  was  prohibited  ac- 
tion, by  the  rules  of  the  Society.  The  number  of  entries  in  this  division  was  eight, 
viz.,  Farmer,  owned  by  C.  M.  Clark  &  Co.,  Springfield,  Ohio;  Grampion,  owned  by 
James  M.  Hill,  Jersey  Prairie,  111.;  Exception,  and  Specia,  both  owned  by  Q.  D. 
Smith,  Berlin,  111.;  Lord  of  Scotland,  owned  by  C.  Cook,  Davenport,  Iowa ;  Chica- 
go Duke,  owned  by  John  Wentworth,  Chicago,  111.;  Henry  Clay  2d,  owned  by  M. 
W.  Turner,  Belvidere,  111.;  and  Challenger,  owned  by  Jacob  Bush,  Terre  Coupee, 
Ind.  These  bulls  were  all  presented  to  the  committee  in  the  ring,  except  Specia, 
whose  owner,  for  some  reason  not  known,  did  not  exhibit.  This  was  a  very  fine 
lot  of  yearling  bulls,  well  worthy  ere  long,  to  take  the  place  of  their  progenitors  ; 
among  so  many  excellent  animals,  the  committee  were,  for  a  time  at  fault,  in  se- 
lecting for  the  premiums,  but  at  last  decided  to  award  the  Society's  first  premium 
of  twenty-five  dollars,  to  C.  Cook,  of  Davenport,  Iowa,  for  his  bull;  Lord  of  Scot- 
land, and  the  second  premium  of  ten  dollars,  to  the  bull  Farmer,  owned  by  C.  M. 
Clark  &  Co  ,  Springfield,  Ohio. 

Bulls  under  one  year  old.  The  Hon.  Mr.  Wentworth  resumed  his  place  upon 
the  Committee,  and  the  Judges  of  this  division  were  the  same  as  of  the  first  divis- 
ion of  Class  twelve.  The  entries  were  twelve  in  number,  as  follows  :  Ansable, 
owned  by  Davis  &  Townsend,  Oswego,  111.;  Admiral  2d,  owned  by  James  M.  Hill, 
Jersey  Prairie,  111.;  Deceiver,  owned  by  J.  W.  Goodwin,  Higginsonville,  111.,  De- 
fender 2d,  owned  by  G.  Carle,  Urbana,  111.;  Goldfinder  and  Romulus,  both  owned 
by  J,  C.  Bone,  Pleasant  Plain,  III;  Nero,  owned  by  J.  H.  Spear,  Petersburg,  111.; 
Dan  Tucker,  owned  by  C.  M.  Landon,  East  Troy,  Wisconsin  ;  Belmont  2d  and 
King  Alfred,  both  owned  by  J.  P.  Henderson,  Jacksonville,  111.;  Specia,  owned  by 
J.  D.  Smith,  Berlin,  Sangermond  county,  111.;  and  Young  King,  owned  by  Jesse 
Cloyd,  West  Urbana,  111.  These  bulls  were  all  in  the  ring  but  Ansable,  and  were 
very  much  admired  by  all  who  saw  them,  and  judged  by  the  committee  to  be  supe- 
rior animals,  but  as  they  had  but  two  prizes  at  their  disposal,  the  Judges  were 
constrained  by  the  marked  qualities  of  Nero,  to  award  him  the  Society's  first  pre- 
mium of  fifteen  dollars,  and  to  Ptomulus,  owned  by  J.  C  Bone,  the  second  premi- 
um of  five  dollars. 

John  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman. 

CLASS  13.  AMERICAN  DURHAM  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 
Three  years  old  and  upwards.  In  this  division  of  Class  thirteen,  there  Avere 
twenty  entries  ;  the  cows  were  all  present  and  were  named  and  owned  as  follows: 
Jenny  Lind,  owned  by  H.  C.  Clark  &  Co.,  Springfield,  Ohio;  Rosanna,  owned 
by  James  Duncan,  Askeun,  III,  Rennick  2d  owned  by  J.  M.  Hill,  Jersey  Prairie, 
111.;  Miss  Ambler,  owned  by  J.  W.  Goodwin,  Higginsonville,  111.;  Lily  Dale,  owned 
by  A.  G.  Carle,  Urbanna,  111.;  Fairfax  and  Flora  Belle,  both  owned  by  J.  C.  Bone, 
Pleasant  Plain,  111.;  Kate,  Beauty  and  Bellathina,  all  owned  by  J.  H.  Spear,  Peters- 
burg, 111.;  Redbud  and  Flora,  owned  by  R.  Califf",  Monticello,  111  ;  Ruby  and  Fleda, 
both  owned  by  J.  D.  Smith,  Berlin,  111.;  Tulip,  Sally  Campbell,  Orphan,  and  Stella, 
all  owned  by  James  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  111.;  Roselle,  and  Snow  Drop,  owned  by 
James  Henderson,  111,  These  cows  and  heifers  were  all  from  the  State  of  Illinois, 
excepting  Jenny  Lind  from  Ohio,  and  twenty  better  American  cows  it  is  believed 
cannot  be  produced.  Tulip,  is  a  cow  of  great  style  and  finish,  combining  three  of 
the  most  desirable  qualities  of  a  good  cow,  milk,  beef,  and  stock-bearing.  The 
committee  were  much  gratified  to  have  it  in  their  power  to  bestow  the  Society's 


At  Chicag-o,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  231 

first  premium  of  seventy-five  dollars  upon  an  animal  so  valuable.  The  second 
premium  of  thirty  dollars,  the  committee  awarded  to  Kate,  owned  by  J.  II.  Spear, 
Petersburg,  111. 

Of  the  cows  and  heifers  two  years  old  and  under  three,  there  were  but  four  en- 
tries, Florentine  Duchess,  owned  by  J.  C.  Bone,  Pleasant  Plain,  111.;  Anna,  owned 
by  Jno.  Fearnley,  Lagrange,  Wisconsin;  Lady  Francis,  owned  by  James  N. 
Brown,  Berlin,  111.;  and  Faith,  owned  by  James  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  111.;  Faith  was 
absent,  and  but  three  were  in  the  ring.  The  committee  awarded  the  first  premium 
of  forty  dollars  to  James  N.  Brown,  for,  his  heifer  Lady  Francis,  and  the  second  of 
fifteen  dollars,  to  Florentine  Duchess,  owned  by  J.  C.  Bone,  Pleasant  Plain.  111. 

Of  the  heifers  one  year  old  and  under  two,  the  Hon.  Mi\  Wentworth  was  again 
an  exhibitoi-,  and  retired  from  the  committee.  There  were  ten  heifers  entered,  all 
were  present,  and  were  named  as  follows.  Dove,  owned  by  H.  C.  Clark,  Spring- 
field, Ohio,  Caroline,  owned  by  J.  M.  Hill;  Strawberry,  owned  by  J.  C.  Bone, 
Pleasant  Plain,  111.;  Hattie,  Cherry,  Princess  and  Dimple,  all  owned  by  J.  D. 
Smith,  Berlin,  111.;  Jubilee,  owned  by  John  Wentworth,  Chicago,  111.;  Summer 
Rose,  owned  by  J.  P.  Henderson,  Jacksonville,  111.;  and  Lady  Friendship,  owned 
by  M.  W.  Turner,  Belvidere,  111.  After  viewing  these  heifers,  the  Committee  se- 
lected two  for  the  premiums,  but  were  someAvhat  at  a  stand,  in  determining  which 
of  the  two  should  have  the  first ;  on  deliberation,  the  preference  was  given  to 
Strawberry,  owned  by  J.  C.  Bone,  Pleasant  Plain,  111.,  and  the  committee  gave  her 
the  first  premium  of  twenty-five  dollars.  The  second  premium  of  ten  dollars  was 
given  to  M.  W.  Turner,  for  his  heifer  Lady  Friendship. 

Of  the  heifers  under  one  year  old,  there  were  ten  entries,  viz:  Anna  Hope,  own- 
ed by  C.  H.  Clark,  Springfield,  Ohio;  Attraction,  owned  by  A.  G.  Carle,  Urbana, 
111. ;  Urbana  Bell,  owned  by  A.  G.  Carle,  Urbana,  111. ;  Lady,  owned  by  J.  D. 
Smith,  Berlin,  111.;  Tulip,  owned  by  N.  Chamberlain,  Vienna  >^  Roads;  Mary  Har- 
riet, Charity,  and  Fair  Francis,  all  owned  by  James  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  111.;  and 
Peerless,  owned  by  J.  D.  Smith,  Berlin,  111.  The  nine  last  named  belong  to  the 
State  of  Illinois,  and  the  ten  together  were  a  very  fine  lot  of  calves.  The  com- 
mittee awarded  the  first  premium  of  fifteen  dollars  to  Mary  Harriet,  and  the  sec- 
ond, of  five  dollars,  to  Fair  Francis,  both  owned  by  James  N.  Brown,  Berlin,  111. 

Ihe  committee  fully  aware  of  the  difficulty,  if  not  impossibility,  among  so 
many  good  animals,  of  doing  justice  to  all,  purposely  refrain  from  remarks  upon 
individuals,  and  from  comparisons  between  any  two  animals  exhibited.  They 
are,  however,  free  to  say  that  never  have  they  seen  a  better  lot  of  Cattle  ;  and 
to  express  a  confident  belief,  that  there  has  never  been  a  better,  if  so  good,  an 
exhibition  of  Durham  Stock  in  the  United  States,  certainly  not  by  this  society. 
They  were  all  good,  without  exceptions,  many  of  them  superior,  and  some  of 
them  cannot  easily  be  surpassed.  The  great  labor  of  the  committee  was  to 
select  the  best  for  the  Society's  premiums ;  they  may  not  have  obtained  this 
desirable  result,  but  they  have  done  the  best  in  their  judgment,  doubtless  an- 
other might  change  some  of  the  awards,  even  the  same  committee,  on  a  review 
might  reverse  some  of  its  own  decisions.  So  nearly  alike  in  size,  shape,  and 
quality,  were  some  of  the  animals  exhibited,  that  it  would  be  indeed,  remarka- 
ble, if  some  of  those  failing  to  obtain  a  prize  were  not  nearly,  or  quite,  as  good 
or  deserving,  as  their  more  successful  competitors. 

Gentlemen   exhibiting   such   animals   may  be  justly   proud  of  them ;  the  town 


232  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

or  county  in  which  they  were  bred  and  raised  may  well  exult  in  the  possession 
of  land  equal  to  their  sustenance,  and  the  States  in  which  such  Cattle  are  pro- 
duced, may  glory  in  the  labors  of  their  patriotic  farmers. 

John  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman. 
CLASS  14.     AMERICAN  DEVON   BULLS. 

Best  over  three  years,  "  Uncas,"  —  J.  H.  McHenry,  Maryland $100 

Second,  do  "  Herd,"  — H.  N.  Washburn,  Iowa 40 

Best  under  one  year,  "  Forester,"  —  C.  D.  Bent,  Iowa 15 

Second  do.  "  Bravo,"  —  J.  H.  McHenry,  Maryland 5 

Nicholas  Winterstein,  of  Iowa,  Chairman. 
[The  "  rings  "  of  Devon  Bulls  were  remarkably   fine.     There  were  nine  entries 
of   Bulls   three   years   old  and   upwards,  the  judges  giving   the   blue  ribbon   to 
"  Uncas,"  who  was  calved  March  19th,  1851.] 

CLASS  15.    AMERICAN  DEVON  COWS. 

Best  Cow  over  three  years,  "  Florence,"  —  Horace  Capron,  Illinois $75 

Second  do.  "  Jane," — Horace  Capron,  Illinois 30 

Best  Cow  two  and  under  three  years,  "  Florence," — J.  H.  McHenry,  Maryland.  .40 

Second  do.  "  Grace," — Horace  Capron,  Illinois 15 

Best  Heifer  one  year  and  under  two,  "  Belle  of  the  West,"  —  C.  D.  Bent,  Iowa.. .25 
Second  do.  "  Sunbeam,"— T.  H.  McHenry,  Maryland.. 10 

Second  best  Heifer  under  one  year,     "  Vic," — C.  H.  Williams,  Michigan 5 

Nicholas  Winterstein,  of  Iowa,  Chairman. 
[There  were  forty-three  entries,  nineteen  of  them  in  the  "  ring  "  of  cows  three 
years  old  and  upwards.] 

CLASS  16.    AMERICAN  AYRSHIRE  BULLS. 
There   was  a  solitary   entry  of  one  bull,  one   year   old  and  under  two,  Kilburn 
2d,  owned  by  Brodie  &  Converse,  Ellisburg,  N.  Y.     This  bull  is  a  son  of  Kilburn, 
and  bids  fair  to  make  good  his  father's  place.     The  committee  gave  him  the  pre- 
mium of  twenty-five  dollars. 

John  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman. 

CLASS  17.     AMERICAN  AYRSHIRE  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 

There  was  three  entries  of  cows  three  years  old  and  upwards,  viz  : — Lucy 
Green,  owned  by  Darius  Cromsley,  Chicago,  111.;  Lady  Gowen  and  Pea  Blow 
both  owned  by  Brodie  «&  Converse,  Ellisburg,  N.  Y.  The  committee  gave  both 
premiums  to  Brodie  &  Converse,  the  first  for  their  cow  Lady  Gowen,  the  second 
for  cow  Pea  Blow.  The  first  premium  is  seventy-five,  the  second  thirty 
dollars. 

Of  those  two  years  old  and  under  three,  there  vi'ere  but  two  entries.  White 
Hose  owned  by  J.  W.  Jewett,  Kacine,  Wis.;  and  Flora  Temple  owned  by  Brodie 
&  Converse,  Ellisburg,  N.  Y.  Brodie  &  Converse  were  awarded  the  first  pre- 
mium of  forty  dollars  for  their  heifer.  Flora  Temple,  the  second  was  not  awarded 
to  any  one. 

Of  heifers  one  year  old  and  under  two,  there  was  again,  but  one  entry — 
Highland  Mary,  belonging  to  Brodie  &  Converse,  Ellisburg,  N.  Y.,  and  she 
was  awarded  the  first  premium  of  twenty-five  dollars. 

The  Ayrshire  breed  of  Cattle  are  native  of  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  and  are  famous 
both  in  England  and  Scotland,  and  as  far  as  known  in  this  country,  for  dairy 
properties.     In   size   and  shape  they  are  easily  distinguished   from  other  Scotch 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,    September,  1859,  233 

or  English  Cattle ;  their  color  is  red  or  spotted  red  and  white,  presenting  a 
bright,  and  pleasing  contrast  between  the  two  colors ;  occasionally  they  are 
black  and  white,  and  by  some  red  interspersed,  or  dotted  witli  small  spots  of 
white,  or  white  interspersed  with  small  spots  of  red  is  preferred.  The  original 
stock  of  this  breed  have  been  described  as  diminutive  in  size,  ill-shaped,  and 
yielding  little  milk.  They  have,  however,  within  the  last  sixty  or  seventy 
years,  been  successfully  developed  and  improved  by  breeding  and  crossing  until 
they  now  produce  a  larger  quantity  of  milk  and  butter  in  proportion  to  food 
consumed,  or  cost  of  production,  than  any  other  breed.  Good  Ayrshire  cows 
in  the  country  will  yield  seven  hundred  gallons  of  milk  annually,  which  will 
make  s"x  hundred  pounds  of  cheese,  or  from  two  hui.dred  fifty  to  three 
hundred  pounds  of  butter.  This  is  a  smaller  quantity  than  thev  are  said  to 
produce  in  their  native  district,  but  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  climate  in 
this  country  is  less  favorable  for  the  production  of  milk,  than  the  more  moist 
climate  of  Scotland,  and  that  cattle  removed  from  their  native  districts,  seldom 
thrive  so  well  as  in  their  native  home.  The  head  of  an  Ayrshire  cow  should  be 
fine,  tapering  from  the  eyes  to  the  muzzle,  wide  between  the  eyes,  horns  small 
of  a  wax  color  and  wide  set  upon  the  head. 

The  neck  ewe  shaped  thin  and  flat,  sweeping  smoothly  into  shoulders.  The 
body  enlarging  backwards,  presenting  from  a  forward  view  a  wedge  shape,  narrow 
at  the  withers,  wide  in  the  loin  and  pelvis,  deep  in  che  flank,  a  little  flat  in  the 
rib,  and  thin  in  the  thigh,  udder  extending  well  forAvard  on  to  the  belly,  and 
well  up  behind,  teats  well  apart,  and  somewhat  small,  milk  veins  large,  carcass 
light  forward,  but  heavy  behind,  long  slim  tail  with  but  little  hair  except  a  fiie 
brush  at  the  end.  As  a  whole,  the  Ayrshire  cow  is  good  looking,  but  wants 
some  points  indicative  of  ajjtitude  to  fatten.  She,  however,  after  serving  in  the 
dairy  until  overtaken  by  age,  fattens  quick  and  exceedingly  well,  and  makes 
excellent  well  mixed  or  marbled  beef.  The  oxen  of  this  breed  are  hardy  good 
workers,  and  the  steers  may  be  advantageously  brought  to  the  shambles  at  three 
years  old.  The  Ayrshire  bull  should  be  preferred  according  to  the  feminine 
aspect  of  his  head  and  neck,  not  very  round  behind,  but  should  be  wide  at  the 
hoofs,  and  loins,  and  deep  in  the  flank. 

Ayrshire  cattle  are  of  quick,  nervous  temperament.  Gentle  treatment  is 
therefore  indispensable;  if  otheKW'ise  treated  they  will  resent  it,  aid  the  cows 
will  sometimes  withhold  their  milk,  until  they  dry  themselves  up.  She  yields 
her  milk  to  a  gentle  hand,  with  great  freedom,  and  all  her  movements  towards 
quiet  friends,  are  characterized  by  the  utmost  mildness. 

John  Brooks,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman. 

CLASS  18.    AMERICAN  HEREFORD   BULLS. 

Best  three  years  and  over,  "  Catalpa," — J.  Merryman,  Maryland $100 

Second  do.  "Merryman," — James  Cross,  Elyria,  Ohio.  ..40 

Best  two  years  and  under  three,      "  Blenheim," — John  Merryman,  INIaryland. .  .50 
Second  do.  "  Grand  Duke,"— Thos.  Ashton,  Elyria,  Ohio.20 

Best  one  year  and  under  two,  "  Surprise," — John  Merryman,  Maryland 25 

Best  under  one  year,  "  Prime," — Thos.  Ashton,  Ohio 15 

Second  do.  "Expectation," — John  Merryman,  Maryland.  .5 

E.ICHARD  Weay,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

30 


23-1  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

CLASS  19.    AMERICAN  HEREFORD  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 
Best  three  years  and  upwards,         "  Bloomy," — John  Merryman,  Maryland. .  .$75 

Second  do.  "  Beauty," — Thos.  Ashton,  Elyria,  Ohio 30 

Best  two  years  and  under  three,      "  Promise," — John  Merryman,  Maryland. . .  .40 

Second  do.  "  Princess  Alice,"  Thos.  Ashton,  Ohio 15 

Best  one  and  under  two,  "  Fillpail,"— John  Merrjman,  Maryland 25 

Second  do.  "  Nancy,"— Thos.  Ashton,  Ohio 10 

KiCHARD  Wkay,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

CLASS  20.    AINIERICAN  ALDERNEY  BULLS. 

Best  three  years  and  upwards,  "  Gift," — J.  M.  Cannon,  Iowa $100 

Second  do.  "Reward," — J.  H.  McHenry,  Maryland 40 

Best  one  year  and  under  two,  "  Hector," — J.  H.  McHenry,  Maryland 25 

11.  W.  Clapp,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairtnan. 

CLASS  21.    AMERICAN  ALDERNEY  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 

Best  three  years  and  upwards,         "  Flirt," — J.  M.  Cannon,  Iowa $75 

Second  do.  "  Lady  3d,"— J.  H,  McHenry,  Maryland 30 

Best  two  years  and  under  three,      "  Lassie," — J.  H.  McHenry,  Maryland 40 

Second  do.  "  Flirt  2d,"— J.  M.  Cannon,  Iowa 15 

Best  one  year  and  under  two,  "  Constance," — J.  H.  ^McHenry,  Maryland. .  .25 

H.  W.  Clapp,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman. 

CLASS  22.     GRADE  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 

Best  three  years  and  upwards,         "  Gaudy," — A.  G.  Carle,  Illinois , .  .$30 

Second  do.  "  Fancy,"— A.  G.  Carle,  Illinois 15 

Best  two  and  under  three,               "  Devon  heifer," — H.  N.  "Washburn,  Iowa. . .  .20 
Second  do.  "  Sallie," — John  Merryman,  Maryland 10 

The  committee,  consisting  of  H.  S.  Olcott,  of  New  York,  Richard  Wray  of 
Illinois,  and  John  P.  Roe,  of  Wisconsin,  report  that  they  considered  Mr.  Carle's 
heifer  "  Clara"  a  superior  animal,  but  were  not  satisfied  that  her  age  was  such 
as  to  entitle  her  to  compete  for  the  $20  and  $10  premiums. 

They   were    called  on  to   examine   a   grade    Bull-calf,    "Lyraan,  Jr."   entered 

by  Mrs.  Hannah   Mitchell,  of  Illinois,  but  made  no    award,  in  accordance  with 

the  regulations  of  the  Society,  giving  no  premiums  to  male  animals,  except  those 

of  full  blood. 

H.  S.  Olcott,  of  New  York,  Chairman. 

CLASS  23.    MILCH  COWS,  AMERICAN  OR  IMPORTED. 

Best  three  years  and  upwards,         "Lilac," — A.  Kershaw,  Illinois $30 

Second  do.  "  Belle," — J.  Merryman,  Maryland 15 

Benj.  N.  Huntington,  of  New  York,  Chairman. 

CLASS  24.    WORKING  OXEN,  STEERS  AND  DRIVERS. 

Best  working    oxen,   four  years    and     over, — H.  Capron,  Illinois $20 

Best  yoke  steers,  three  years  and  under  four, — H.  Capron,  Illinois 15 

Best  driver  not  over  16,  with  steers  two  years  old  and  imder  three, — O.  C. 

Capron,  (son  of  Col.  H.  Capron,)  Illinois 10 

A.  Clybourne,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 


At  Chicago,  Ulinois,  September,  1859.  235 

CLASS  25.     FAT  BULLOCKS. 

Best  five  years  and  over,  11.  CalifF,  Illinois $25 

Second  do.  K.  Califf,  Illinois 10 

Best  three  years  and  under  five, — J.  11.  Spears,  Illinois 15 

Samuel  Wakman,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  26.     FAT  COWS  AND  HEIFERS. 

Best  cow  five  years  and  upwards, — J.  P.  Henderson,  Jacksonville,  Illinois S25 

A.  Clybourne,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  27.  THOROUGH-BRED  STALLIONS. 
The  Committee  ruled  out,  as  not  showing  pure  blood  in  the  pedigrees,  A.  H. 
Hanley's  "William  Emelius,"  and  "Young  Prince;"  John  Hill's  "  Black  Hawk," 
and  S.  Lee's  "  Putnam  Morgan."  Thomas  William's  imported  "  Stone  Plover" 
was  ruled  out  because  the  groom  would  not  obey  the  requests  of  the  committee, 
who  were  forced  to  order  him  from  the  ring,  Mhile  these  pedigress  were  being 
examined.  When  they  afterwards  sent  for  him,  neither  the  groom  or  his  horse 
could  be  found,  although  after  the  awards  had  been  made  the  groom  made  his 
appearance,  and  was  so  insulting  that  the  committee  was  forced  to  enquire  for  a 
police  officer. 

They  award  the  first  premium  of  SlOO  to  imported  "Young  Barnton,"  owned 
by  H.  Jacoby,  of  Illinois,  and  the  second  premium  of  $40  to  "  Sorrel  Princeton," 
owned  by  Simon  Ruble,  of  Wisconsin. 

J.  W.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 
["  Young  Barnton"  was  imported  in  1857  by  the  Illinois  Importing  Associa- 
tion.    He  was  sired  by  "Barnton,"  out  of  "Envy,"  by  "  Perion,"  and  is  sixteen 
hands  high,  of  a  clear  brown  color.] 

CLASS  28.  THOROUGH-BRED  MARES  AND  FILLIES. 
The  same  committee  as  on  class  27 —  Messrs.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  Hunt  of  Mis- 
souri, and  Jessup,  of  Maryland  —  report  that  they  ruled  out  on  account  of 
deficient  pedigree,  Mr.  Ketchum's  mare  and  colt,  Mr.  Ruble's  "  Lady  Vict.,"  and 
Mr.  Jones'  "  Fanny  Boston."  Mr.  Hanley's  "Jane"  Avas  not  brought  before 
them,  and  they  made  no  awards. 

J.  W.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 

CLASS  29.    MORGAN  AND  BLACK   HAWK  STALLIONS. 
Best  four  years  old  and  upwards          "  Magna  Charta." — S.  M.  Seeley,  Mich- 
igan,   $75 

Second  do.  "  Bucephalus," — J.  Gale,  Wisconsin ,40 

Best  three  years  old  and  under  four,     "Daniel  Webster," — J.  Gale,  Wisconsin.  .60 
Second  do.  "Prince  Black  Hawk," — J.  McEldowney, 

Illinois 25 

Best  two  years  old  and  under  three,      "  Frank  Allen," — J.  C.  Keliej',  Illinois. .  .W 
Second  do.  "  Hamilton," — J.  J.  Cleveland,  Illinois.  ..20 

Best  one  j'ear  and  under  two,  "  Bob  Chaplain," — S.H.  Tyrrell,  Illinois.  .25 

Best  under  one  year,  "  D.  C.  Adams,  Illinois 10 

L.  P.  Sanger,  of  Illiiiois,  Chairman. 

[A  "  ring"  of  twenty-six    Stallions'  four   years   old  and    upwards   made  a  fine 

appearance,   and  showed  how   highly  the   Morgan   and   Black   Hawk  breeds  of 

horses    are   estimated   at    the   Northwest.     "  Magna  Charta,"  exhibited   by  S.  M. 

Seely,  was  foaled  May    15,   1855,  in    Shelby,  Michigan,  and  had  recently  been 


236  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

sold  for  $7,500.  He  was  sired  by  Morgan  Eagle,  bred  in  Vermont  and  taken  to 
Michigan ;  grand-sire,  Morgan  Eagle,  of  Tunbridge,  Vermont ;  G.  Grand-sire* 
Woodbury ;  G.  G.  Grand-sire,  Justin  Morgan.  Dam,  a  chestnut  mare  by  Gray 
Eagle,  out  of  a  Durve  Mare. 

"  Bucephalus,'"  nine  years  old,  was  bred  by  James  Fletcher,  of  Vermont,  and 
sold  to  his  present  owner  in  November,  1853.  He  was  sired  by  David  Hill's 
Black  Hawk. 

Nine  Stallions  competed  for  the  prizes  offered  for  horses  three  years  old  and 
under  four.  "Daniel  Webster"  was  sired  by  Bucephalus,  mentioned  above 
"Prince  Black  Hawk''  was  sired  by  Sherman  Black  Hawk,  G.  G.  Grand-sire 
David  Hill's  Black  Hawk.] 

CLASS  29.     MORGAN  AKD  BLACK  HAWK  MARES. 

Best  four  years  and  upwards,         "lied  File," — J.  C.  Kelley,  Illinois $75 

Second  do  "Green  Mountain  Maid," — W.  C.  Fordham. .  .40 

Best  three  years  and  under  four,    '^  Flora  Temple," — John  Gale,  Wisconsin 50 

Second  do.  "  Morgan  Maid," — John  Gregory,  Vermont. .  .25 

Best  two  years  and  under  three,     "  D.  C.  Adams. 30 

L.  P.  Sanger,  of  Illinois,  Ghaii^man. 

CLASS  30.     STALLIONS  FOR  ALL  WORK. 

Best  four  years  and  upwards,         "  Sir  Archer" — L.  D.  Rich,  Illinois $50 

Second  do.  "  Eclipse," — W.  S.  Gurney,  Illinois 25 

Best  three  and  under  four,  "  Cannon  Whip," — A.  W.  Scroggin,  Illinois.  .30 

Second  do.  "  Billy," — P.  S.  Spencer,  Illinois 15 

Best  two  and  under  three,  "  John," — J.  Holcomb,  Illinois 20 

Second  do.  "  Matchless,"— S.  D.  Reynolds,  Illinois 10 

Best  one  and  under  two,  "  John," — H.  Lash,  Illinois 15 

Best  under  one  year,  "  Brown  Dick," — Illinois 5 

J.  H.  Johnson,  Chairman. 
[Twenty-eight  horses  were  in  the  "  ring  "  of  Stallions  for  all  work,  four   years 
old  and  upwards.] 

CLASS  31.    MARES  FOR  ALL  WORK. 

Best  four  years  and  upwards,  "  C.  L.  Stokes," — Illinois $50 

Second  do.  "  Bay  Betty," — S.  H.  Jones,  Illinois 35 

Best  three  and  under  four  "  Fancy," — John  Prenty,  Illinois. . . ., 30 

Second  do.  "  Fashion," — John  Prenty,  Illinois 15 

Second  best  two  and  under  three,     "  N.  S.  Skinner,  Illinois 10 

Best  one  and  under  two,  "  J.  Dillon,  Illinois 15 

J.  H.  Johnson,  Cliaimian. 

CLASS   32.     HEAVY  DRAFT  STALLIONS. 

Best  four  years  and  upwards,  "  Champion,"  —  C.  S.  Mack,  New  York, $50 

Second      do  do  "Suffolk  Punch," — J.  B'.ake,   Canada  West, 25 

Best  three  and  under  four,     "  Perfection,"  —  S.  Fleming,  Illinois, 30 

Second      do  do  " Napoleon  Bonaparte,"  —  L.  Dillon,  Illinois,,..   15 

Best  one  and  under  two,  "  Messenger,"  —  W.  Rir.k,  Illinois, 15 

Second      do  do  "  Andy  Benton," — G.  Dillon,  Illinois, 10 

The  committee  recommends   S.  T.  Knappa's  horse  "  Messenger"  as  possessing 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  237 

great  merit,  and  worthy  of  consideration.     Also,  a  pair  of  heavy  draft  geldings, 

belonging  to  J.  K.  H.  Nickall,  Jr.     \_Certyicaies  awarded.'] 

S.  B.  Davis,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

["  Champion  "  is  of  Clyde  stock,  six  years  old,  dapple-gray,  and  weighs   l,G7o 

lbs.] 

CLASS  33      HEAVY  DRAFl  MARES. 

Best   four   years    and  upwards, — Garah  Dillon,  Illinois, $50 

Second  do,  A   D.  Griffin,  Illinois, 25 

Best  three  years  and  under  four, — L.  Dillon,  Illinois, 30 

Second  do,  H.  Dash,  Illinois, 15 

Best   one  year    and   under  two, — Austin  Richards,  Illinois, 15 

Second  do,  L.  Dillon,  Illinois, — 10 

T.  H.  Bacon,  of  Illinois,  CJiairman. 

CLASS  34.     CARRIAGE  HORSES,  IN    PAIRS. 

Best  Geldings,  —P.  R.  Morgan,  Illinois, $50 

Second  do,  H.  H.  Knight,  Illinois, 25 

Best  mares,  F.  D.  Gray,  Illinois, 50 

Second  do  W.  D.  Gilman,  Illinois, 25 

Morgan  G.  Beach,  of  Michigan,  Chairman. 

[Twenty-six  pairs  of  Geldings  were  in  competition.] 

CLASS  35.     CARRIAGE  HORSES,  SINGLE. 

Best  Gelding,  «  Jewel,"— A.  J.  Dean,  Illinois, , $30 

Second  do.       "Grey  Eddy,"— E.  De  Witt  Robinson,  Illinois, 15 

Best  mare,        "  Jenny," — E.  Eames,  Illinois, 30 

Second  do  James  Duffy,  Illinois, 15 

Adin  Thayer,  of  New  York,  Chairman. 
[Thirty-two  Geldings  and  twelve  Mares  competed.] 

CLASS  36.    SADDLE  HORSES,  TROTTERS  OR  RACERS. 

Best  Stallion,  "  Charter  Oak," — John  Jones,  Illinois, $30 

Second  do  "  Smoker  Boy," — John  Cook,  Ohio,.  . 15 

Best  Mare,       "  Lady  Lightfoot,"— F.  Feake,  Illinois, 25 

Second  do        "  Blue  Swan,"— H.  H.  Yates,  Illinois, 10 

Best  Gelding,  J.    F.   Horton,  Illinois, 25 

Second  do  L.  H.  Hyatt,  Illinois, 10 

Dr.  Maxwell,  of  Wisconsin,  Chairman. 
CLASS  37.    PONIES  AND  HORSEMANSHIP  BY  LADS. 

Best,  Master  C.  H.  Benson,  Illinois, -  •  •  •  $20 

Second  best.  Master  John  Miles,  Illinois 15 

Third  best,  Master  J.  G.  Snortout,  Illinois, 10 

Fred.  Smyth,  of  New  Hampshire,  Chairman. 

CLASS  38.    TROTTING  STALLIONS,   GELDINGS  AND  MARES. 

[The  committee  on  the  different  classes  of  Trotting  Horses  was  :  Henry  Wager, 
and  B.  N.  Huntington,  of  New  York,  Walter  S.  Gurnee  and  James  N.  Browne,  of 
Illinois,  and  C.  T.  Stuart,  of  Michigan.] 

The  committee  on  the  award  of  $1,000  to  the  best  trotting  horse,  mare  or  geld- 
ing, would  report  that  the  following  entries  were  regularly  made,  but  only  those 
marked  with  a  star  appeared  to  compete  : 

"  Gray  Eddy,''"  Dewitt  Robinson,  Chicago  ;  "  Black  Hawk  Maid,"  J.  C.  Kelly, 


238  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

Chicago  ;  "  Tippoo  Sultan,"  P.  R.  Morgan,  Chicago ;  "  Gipsey  Queen,"  P.  R. 
Morgan,  Chicago  ;  "Billy  Fox,"*  S.  H.  Terrill,  Chicago;  "Belle,"  of  Chicago, 
Alfred  Spink,  Chicago;  "Ike  Cook,"*  Henry  Graves,  Chicago  ;  "  Wabash  Chief," 
Henry  Graves,  Chicago;  "Belle  of  Saratoga,"*  W.  J.  Mills,  Buffalo  ;  "Reindeer,"* 
E.  Moore,  Chicago  ;  "  Ten  Broeck,"*  J.  E.  Fish,  Chicago  ;  "  Magna  Charta,"  S.* 
M.  Seeley,  Coldwater ;  "  Black  Wierd,"  D.  \Y.  Arnoldby,  Waukcgan ;  "  Fill- 
more,"* J.  M.  Cannon,  Divenport,  Iowa. 

The  horses  were  divided  into  classes,  and  tested,   each  horse  being  separately 
timed.     The  horses  first  named  in  each  class,  drew  the  "  pole  "  or  inside  of  the 
track. 
1st   class  —  "  Ike   Cook," 2  28^- 

"  Belle  of  Saratoga,"  (run  away.) 
2d   class  —  "  Magna  Charta, 2  42 

"Reindeer,". 2  36 

3d   class  —  "  Fillmore," 2  50 

"  Billy  Fox," 2  51 

"  Ten  Broeck,"  (withdrawn.) 
4th  class  —  "  Ike  Cook," 2  33J 

"Reindeer," 2  35 

5th  class  —  "  Magna  Charta," 2  36 

"  Belle  of  Saratoga," 2  34' 

After  the  speed  had  thus  been  tested,  the  committee  proceeded  to  examine  the 
other  qualities  of  the  horses,  and  were  unanimous  in  awarding  ihe  premium  of 
$1,000  to  "  Ike  Cook,"  belonging  to  Henry  Graves,  of  Chicago,  Illinois. 

Hrnry  Wager,  of  New  York,  Chairman. 

CLARS  39.    TROTTING    STALLIONS. 

Best  six  years  and  upwards,  "Black  Weasel," — D.  W.  Arnold,  Illinois, $100 

Second  do,  "  Charter  Oak," — J.  Jones,  Illinois, 50 

Best  under  six  years,  "  Magna  Charta," — J.  M.  Seeley,  Michigan 75 

Second  do,  "  Young  Bashaw," — J.  A.  Green,  Iowa, 30 

Henry  Wager,  of  New  York,  Chairman. 

[Time.     Black  Weasel,  2  44^  ;  Charter  Oak,  2  46 ;  Magna  Charta,  2  46  ;  Young 

Bashaw,  2  57.] 

CLASS  40.    TROTTING  MARES. 

Best,  "  Belle  of  Saratoga,"— W.  J.  Mills,  New  York, $100 

Second  do,        "  Lady  Duffee," — J.  E.  Fish,  Illinois, 50 

Henry  Wager,  cf  New  York,  Chairman. 

[Time.     Belle  of  Saratoga,  2  34|,  Lady  Duffee,  2  50.] 

CLASS  41.    TROTTING  GELDINGS. 

Best  six  years  and  upwards,  "  Fillmore," — J.  M.  Cannon,  Iowa, $75 

Second  do,  "  Gray  Eddy,"  E.  Dewitt  Robinson,  Illinois, 40 

Second  best,  under  six,         "  Johnny," — D.  B.  Robirson, 25 

Henry  Wager,  of  New  York,  Chaiuman. 
CLASS  42.     JACKS,  IMPORTED  OR  AMERICAN. 

Best  four  years  old  and  upM'ards,  J.  A.  Pickrell,  Illinois, $50 

Second  do,  T.  Boswell,  Illinois, 25 

Best  three  and  under  four,  W.  Everheart,  Indiana, 40 

Second  do,  J.  W.  Seymour,  Illinois, . .    20 

CiLfVUNCEY  Krum,  Chairman. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  239 

CLASS  43.     JENNETS,  IMPORTED  OR  AMERICAN. 

Best  four  years  old  and  upwards,  J,  Wildon,  Illinois, $50 

Best  two  and  under  three,  J.    W.  Seymour,  Illinois, 30 

Chauncey  KiiUM,  Chairman, 
CLASS  44.    MULES. 

Best  pair  Draught  Mules,  George  Lyons,  Illinois, $40 

Second  do,  C.  Lust,  Illinois, , 20 

Best  single  Mule  over  three  years,  S.   Green  Illinois 30 

Second  do  E.  Eldred,  Illinois -15 

Best  one  year  and  under  two,  S.  Green,  Illinois , 10 

Chauncey  Krum,  Chairman. 
CLASS   45.    LONG  WOOLED  BUCKS. 

Best  two  years  and  upwards,  F.  W.  Stone,  Canada  West, $30 

Second  do,  George  Miller,  Canada  West 15 

Best  one  and  under  two,         F.  W.  Stone,  Canada  West, 25 

Second  do,  Thos.  Aston,  Ohio, 10 

Best  under  one  year,  F.  W.  Stone,  Canada  West 25 

Second  do,  Thomas  Aston,  Ohio,    5 

Aaron  Clements,  of  Pennsylvania,  Chairman. 

CLASS  46.    LONG  WOOLED  EWES. 

Best  two  years  old  and  upwards,  F.  W.  Stone,  Canada  West, , .  .$30 

Second  do.  George  Miller,  Canada  West, 15 

Best  one  and  under  two,  F.  W.  Stone,  Canada  West, 25 

Second  do,  Thos.    Aston,  Ohio, 10 

Best  under  one  year,  Thos.  Aston,  Ohio, 15 

Second  do,  F.  W.  Stone,  Canada  West, 5 

The  committee  on  classes  45  and  46,  take  pleasure  in  reporting  that  other  pens 
of  very  fine  sheep  of  the  same  class  were  presented  to  their  view.  Messrs.  Mc- 
Glashlan,  lies,  Hedge,  Merriman  and  Wray,  each  deserve  especial ;  notice  their 
stocks  were  excellent.  A  beautiful  three  years  old  Ewe,  of  Leicester  and  Lincoln- 
shire blood,  was  shown  by  Mr.  Wm.  Moorhouse,  Palatine,  Illinois.  She  carried 
an  enormous  fleece  of  wool,  of  great  length  or  staple,  that  may  prove  valuable  for 
many  purposes.  Your  committee  recommend  that  a  certificate  be  given  to  him. 
They  also  recommend  that  a  certificate  be  given  to  Messrs.  Brodie  &  Converse  and 
to  Mr.  J.  McGlashlan,  for  their  fine  pens  of  Leicester  sheep,  as  they  cannot  well 
compete  in  the  same  class  with  the  Cotswolds  in  point  of  size  and  weight  of  wool. 

Three  beautiful  sheep  of  the  Scotch  Cheviot  breed  were  shown  by  John  Grego- 
ry, of  Vermont.  They  appear  to  be  a  valuable  animal,  more  hardy  and  active  than 
some  other  breeds.     Your  committee  recommend  them  for  a  suitable  award. 

Aaron  Clements,  of  Pennsylvania,  Chairman. 

\_CertiJicates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to  Messrs.  Moorhouse,  Brodie  &  Converse, 
J.  Mc  Glashlan,  and  John  Gregory.] 

CLASS  47.     MIDDLE  AVOOL  BUCKS. 

Best  two  years  and  upwards,  Samuel  Jones,  Ohio,   $30 

Second  do,    '  Samuel  Jones,  Ohio, 15 

Best  one  and  under  two,         Samuel  Jones,  Ohio, 25 

Second  do,  John  Merryman,  Maryland, 10 

Best  under  one  year,  Samuel  Jones,  Ohio,    15 

Second  do,  Samuel  Jones,  Ohio, 5 

J.  W.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 


240  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

CLASS  48.    MIDDLE  WOOL  EWES. 

Best  two  years  and  upwards,  Samuel  Jones,  Ohio, ^30 

Second  do,  J.   N.  Brown,  Illinois, 15 

Best  one  and  under  two,  Samuel  Jones,  Ohio, 25 

Second  do,  Samuel  Jones,  Ohio, 15 

Best  under  one  year,  Samuel  Jones,  Ohio, 15 

Second  do,  J.  N.  Brown,  Illinois, 5 

J.  VV.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 

CLASS  49.     SAXON    BUCKS. 
No  Awards. 

CLASS  50.    SAXON  EWES. 
No  AAvards. 

CLASS  51.    SILESIAN  MERINO  BUCKS. 

Best  tv/o  years  and  upwards,  P.   S.  Spencer,   Illinois $30 

Best  under  one  year,  P.  S.  Spencer,  Illinois, 15 

John  Jones,  of  Delaware,  Chairman. 
CLASS  52.    SILESIAN  EWES. 

Best  two  years  and  upwards,  P.  S.  Spencer,  Illinois, $30 

Best  one  year  and  under  two,  P.  S.  Spencer,  Illinois, 25 

Best  under  one  year,  P.  S.  Spencer,  lUinoi?, 15 

John  Jones,  of  Delaware,  Chairman. 

CLASS  53.    FRENCH  MERINO  BUCKS. 

Best  two  years  and  upwards,    John  McConnell,  Illinois, $30 

Second  do,  John  H.  Nicholls,  Jr.,  Illinois, 15 

Bes :  one  year  and  under  two,  Horace  Wells,  Illinois, 25 

Second  do,  A.    B.  McConnell,  Illinois, 10 

Best  under  one  year,  John  McConnell,  Illinois, 15 

Second  do,  A.  B.  McConnell,  Illinois, 5 

J.  W.  Wake,  of  Virginia,  Chairman 

CLASS  54.     FRENCH    MERINO   EWES. 

Best  two  years  and  upwards,  John  McConnell,  Illinois, $30 

Second  do,  John  McConnell,  Illinois, 15 

Best  one  year  and  under  two,  A.  B.  McConnell,  Illinois, 25 

Second  do,  John  McConnell,  Illinois, 10 

Best  under  one  year,  A.  B.  McConnell,  Illinois, ^ 15 

Second  do,  John    McConnell,   Illinois, 5 

J.  W.  Wake,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 
[The  Messrs.  McConnell  exhibited,  in  all,  one  hundred  Merino  sheep.] 

CLASS  55,    SPANISH  MERINO  BUCKS. 

Best  two  years  and  upwards,  T.  F.  Spafan,  Michigan, $30 

Second  do,  E.  F.  McConnell,  Illinois, 15 

Best  one  year  and  under  two,  D.  Kelly,  Illinois, 25 

Second  do,  S.  D.  Carr,  Vermont, 10 

Best  under  one  year,  J.  Gregory,  Vermont, 15 

Second  do,  D.  Kelly,   Illinois, 5 

In  returning  the  books  of  Classes  55  and  56,  the  committee  beg  leave  to  state 
that  all  the  sheep  exhibited  in  these  classes  were  very  excellent,  and  it  was  not 
without  difficulty  that  the  awards  noted  above  were  made.  One  thing  was  unani- 
mously remarked,  viz. :  a  great  improvement  in  the  younger  sheep,  showing  that 
such  skilful  breeders  as  exhibited  in  this  class  are  wide  awake, — know  what  they 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  241 

are  about, — and  doubtless  will  strive  to    achieve    greater    attainments,    under   the 
stimulating  iutlucuces  of  Agricultural  (Societies.     For  the  Committee. 

Charles  W.  Mustfeldt,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  53.    SPANISH  MERINO  BUCKS. 

Best  two  years  and  upwards,  J.  McConnell,  Illinois, .$30 

Second  do,  D.    Kelley,  Vermont, 15 

Best  one  year  and  under  two,  W.  Hammond,    Illinois, 25 

Second  do,  J.  McConnell,  Illinois,   10 

Best  under  one  year,  A.  B.  McConnell,  Illinois, lo 

Second  do,  Wm.    Hammond,    Illinois, 5 

Charles  W.  jNIustfeldt,   of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  57.     GRADE  SHEEP,  ALL  BREEDS  AND  AGES. 

Best  five  Ewes,  "  Leicester  and  Cotswold,"  J.  McClashan,  Illinois, $30 

The  committee  award  no  other  premiums,  the  other  lots  of  sheep  entered  not 
being  a  cross  or  grade  of  one  distinct  breed  of  sheep  with  another  breed. 

J,  VV.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 
CLASS  58.    LIVE  MUTTONS. 

Best  lot,  George  Miller,  Canada  West, .$15 

Second  best  lot,  —  J.  N.  Brown,  Illinois, 10 

Archibald  Clybourne,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  59.     SLAUGHTERED  MUTTONS. 

Best  lot, — Henry  Conley,  Illinois, ,f  10 

Archibald  Clybourne,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  60.     CASHMERE  GOATS. 

Best  Male    Goat,  —  B.  F.  Bristow,  Illinois, $20 

Best  Female  Goat,— B.  F.  Bristow,  Illinois, 20 

[These  goats  were  of  the  stock  imported  by  Dr.  J.  B.  Davis,  from  Turkey,  in 

Asia.] 

CLASS  61.     ALPACAS. 
No  Entries. 

CLASS  62.    ELK    AND  OTHER  ANIMALS. 

Best  pair  Elk, — J.  R.  Mack,  Illinois, » $25 

Second  best  pair,  —  W.  W.  Aldrich,  Iowa, 15 

The  Committee  report  that  they  saw  nothing  sufficiently  meritorious  in  the  deer 
or  the  grade  bucks  exhibited  to  warrant  the  recommendation  of  discretionary  pre- 
miums. J.  W.  ^Vare,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 
CLASS  63.    SHEPHERD'S  DOGS. 
On  examination  of  the  dogs  entered  in  this   class,  the   Committee  could  see  no 
evidence  of  their  trained  qualities,  and  declined  awarding  any  premiums. 

Several  other  dogs  were  entered,  but  as  the  Committee  could  see  no  especial 
merit  about  them,  (except  a  retriever  dog  which  received  the  special  premium  of- 
fered by  the  Audubon  Club,)  they  do  not  recommend  any  discretionary  premiums. 

J.  W.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 
CLASS  64.    LARGE  BREED  SAVINE. 

Best  Boar  two  years  and  upwards, — Jesse  Cloyd,  Illinois, $25 

Second  do.  W.  B.  Egan,  Illinois 10 

Best  Boar  one  and  under  two,  Brodie  &  Converse,  New  York 15 

Second  do.  Jesse  Cloyd,  Illinois 5 

Best  sow  one  and  under  two,  Brodie  &  Converse,  New  York. 15 

31 


242  Seventh  Aimual  Exhibition, 

Second  do.  Wm.  Peverille,  Illinois 5 

Best  Sow  and  Pigs,  F.  Higgins,  Illinois 20 

Second  do.  Wm.  Peverille,  Illinois 10 

John  C.  Washburn,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
.    CLASS  65.    SMALL  BREED   SWINE. 

Best  Boar  two  years  and  upwards, — S.  Ruble,  Wisconsin f  25 

Second  do.  A.  M.  Talley,  Indiana. 10 

Best  Boar  one  and  under  two,  John  Wentworth,  Illinois 15 

Second  do.  Horace  Miller,  Illinois 5 

Best  Sow  tAvo  years  and  upwards,     J.  Periam,  Wisconsin 25 

Second  do.  S .  Ruble,  Wisconsin ,10 

Best  Sow  one  and  under  two,  John  Wentworth,  Illinois 15 

Second  do.  Horace  Miller,  Illinois 5 

Best  Sow  and  Pigs,  John  Wentworth,  Illinois 20 

Second  do.  C.  Filmer,  Illinois 10 

The  Committee  report  that  on  examination  of  Swine  entered  in  miscellaneous 
entries,  we  notice  six  Suffolk  Pigs  of  fine  quality,  entered  by  J.  S.  Tibbetts, 
Nankin,  Wayne  Co.,  Mich.,  and  two  fine  Suflblk  Pigs,  5  mos.  old,  entered  by  J. 
A.  Carpenter,  South  Pass,  Union  Co.,  111.  ;  also  three  superior  Suffolk  Shoats 
entered  by  John  O'Farrell,  Chicago,  111. 

We  also  notice  under  entries  of  Sows  and  Boars,  one  fine  Essex  Sow,  and  one 
fine  Boar,  entered  by  J.  S.  Tibbetts,  Nankin,  Wayne  Co.,  Mich.,  which  we  consider 
worthy  of  premium  in  that  quality  of  stock.  But  would  recommend  the  Suffolk 
and  other  improved  breeds  as  a  more  valuable  production  to  be  introduced  to 
your  particular  notice. 

J.  L.  Hancock,  of  Illinois.  Cliairman. 

\_Certljicates  of  Merit  were  awarded  to  J.  S.  Tibbetts,  J.  A.  Carpenter,  and 
John  O.  Farrell  for  their  Suff'olks  ; — to  J.  S.  Tibbetts,  for  his  Essex; — and  to 
Wm.  Rochester  Montgomery,  of  Michigan,  for  his  Essex  Boar.] 

CLASS  66.  LIVE  FAT  SWINE,  ALL  BREEDS. 

Best  lot  under  one  year  old, — R.  S.  Palmer,  Illinois $10 

Second  do.  Horace  Miller,  Illinois 5 

William  F.  Pouter,  of  Wisconsin,  Chairman. 

CLASS  67.     LARGE  ASIATIC  FOWLS. 

Best  black  Shanghais,         Wm.  Fagan,  Illinois $5 

Best  white  Shanghais,         C.  B.  Bent,  Illinois 5 

Second  do.  Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois 3 

Best  Bramah  Pooti-as,  John  Gregory,  Vermont 5 

Second  do.  Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois 3 

Certificate  of  Merit  recommended  [and  awarded]  to   John    Gregory,  Vermont, 

for  best  Chitagongs. 

John  C.  Crowder,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  68.     GAME  FOWLS  AND  THEIR  CROSSES. 

Best  English  Game,         Wm.  Fagan,  Illinois • $5 

Second  do.  Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois   3 

Best  Spanish  Game,  S.  W.  Jewett,  Wisconsin 5 

Second  do.  T.  II.  Ehrenfels,  Illinois 3 

[^Certificates  of  Merit  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  Guy  H.  Cutting,   Illinois, 
for  best  Black  Spanish,  and  to  Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois,  for  best  Black  Coolie.] 

John  C.  Crowder,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859. 


243 


CLASS  69. 
Second  best  Rpcckled  Dorkings, 
Best  Silver  I'olands, 
Best  white-crt'sted  Polands, 
Best  white  liimtams, 
Best  Mongrel  Fowl, 


Best  Poland, 
Best  To;i  Knot, 
Best  Mongrel, 


Best  Bremen, 


BARN  VARD  FOWLS. 

C.  I).  Bent,  Iowa $3 

C.  II.  Keith  &  Son,  Illinois 3 

C.  II.  Keith  &  Son,  Illinois 3 

J.  F.  Powell,  Illinois 3 

Guj'  II.  Cutting,  Illinois 3 

A  J)li)I(tiii(t  of  Honor  yvan  Yccommeuded    [and   awarded]  to  C.  II.  Keith  &  Son, 
of  Illinois,  for  the  largest  and  best  display  of  Fancy  Poultry. 

John  C.  Ckowdku,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  70.    DUCKS. 

C.  P.  Bent,  Iowa .<|5 

J.  F.  Powell,  Illinois •••• 5 

Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois 5 

S.  Kand,  of  Illinois,   Chairman. 
CLASS  71.     GEESE. 

John  Wentworth,  Illinois ,^5 

Best  Hong  Kong,     John  Wentworth,  Illinois. . 5 

A  Certificate  of  Merit   was   recommended    [and   awarded]  to  C.  H.  Keith,  of 
Illinois,  for  best  tamed  Wild  Geese. 

S.  Rand,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

CLASS  72.    TURKIES. 

Best  white  Turkies,         C.  D.  Bent,  Iowa, .f 5 

S.  Rand,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

CLASS  73.     FANCY  FOWL,  RABBITS,  &c. 

Best  Guinea  Fowls,  W.  C.  Wells,  Illinois .$5 

Second  do.  C.  D.  Bent,  Iowa 3 

Best  Ci^uails,  George  A.  Bender,  Illinois 5 

Best  collection  Pigeons,    Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois o 

Second  do,  Fred.  Merchenhier,  Illinois -3 

Best  collection  Rabbits,      F.  W.  Weishaupt,  Illinois 5 

S.  Rand,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

CLASS  74.     COLLECTION  OF  POULTRY,  WITH  STATEMENT. 

No  Entries. 

CLASS    7,5.     GRAIN  AND  SEEDS. 

Best  White  Winter  Wheat,         W.  Dougherty,  Michigan $5 

Second  do.  H.  D.  Childs,  Illinois 3 

W.  Dougherty,  Michigan .5 

A.  S.  Barnard,  Illinois 5 

Isaac  V.  Gilbert,  Illinois 3 

E.  C.  Stevens,  Illinois 5 

L.  Beverly,  Illinois 3 

S.  A.  Carpenter,  Illinois 3 

Fergurson  &  Brewer,  New  York .5 

H.  Lewis,  New  York 3 

Hugh  Hulls,  Illinois 3 

S.  Seston,  IMissouri , 3 

S.  A.  Carpenter,  Illinois    2 

The  Committee  report  that  only  one  lot  of  White  Spring  Wheat  was  exhibited, 

viz  :  by  W.  Shannon,  of  Freeport,  -which  was  not  worthy  of  any  premium.     There 


Best  Red  Winter  Wheat, 

Best  Red  Spring  Wheat, 

Second  do. 

Best  Oats, 

Second  do. 

Best  Buckwheat, 

Best  Hops, 

Second  do. 

Best  Clover  Seed, 

Best  White  Seed  Corn, 

Second  do. 


244  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

■was  but  one  lot  of  Barley,  six-roAved,  exhibited  by  II.  Hobinson,  of  Illinois,  -which 
they  recommend  as  only  -worthy  of  a  Ccriijicate  of  Merit,  [a-\varded.]  1'he  only 
ne-wly  introduced  grain  -was  a  sample  of  White  Poland  Oats,  exhibited  by  R. 
Robinson,  of  Illinois,  which  they  recommend  as  worthy  of  a  Ceitijicate  of  Merit, 
[awarded.]  The  samples  of  grass  seed  not  being  clean,  are  not  worthy  of  any 
])remiums.  The  premium  white-corn  exhibited  by  S.  Seston  is  recommended 
for  early  ripening,  and  they  recommend  that  exhibited  by  L.  S.  Pennington,  of 
Illinois,  for  a  Certificate  of  Merit.  [Awarded.]  A  Certificate  of  Merit  is  recom- 
mended for  the  collection  of  Indian  Corn  exhibited  by  Dr.  John  A.  Warder,  of 
Ohio.  [Awarded.]  A  Certificate  of  Merit  is  recommended  for  the  fine  specimen 
of  Japan  Millet,  exhibited  by  John  Merryman,  of  IMaryland. 

John  C.  Westpiial,  of  Iowa,  Chairman. 
CLASS  76.     FLOUR,   MEAL,  &c. 

Best  flour  from  red  wheat,  Thomas  Wallace,  Michigan $5 

Second  do.  W.  V.  Hughes,  jNIichigan 3 

Best  flour  from  white  wheat,  S.  Hargrave,  Illinois 5 

Second  do.  Thomas  Wallace,  Michigan 3 

Best  corn  meal  for  transportation     J.  McNair,  Illinois 5 

Best  rye         do.  S.  Alderson,  Illinois 5 

Best  corn  starch,  Nelson  &  Co.,  New  York 3 

The  committee  recommend  a  discretionary  premium  to  Bradford,  Barr  &  Black, 
(P.  L.  Underwood,  agent,)  Illinois,  for  best  flour  from  Spring  Wheat.  [Certifi- 
cate of  Merit  awarded.]  Also  to  J.  S.  Saberton,  of  Illinois,  for  best  sample  of 
Malt.     [Certificate  of  Merit  awarded.] 

CLASS  77.     OTHER  STAPLE  PRODUCTS,  RAW  AND  MANUFACTURED. 

The  committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  E.  N.  Wilcox,  of  Michigan,  Charles  L. 
Epps,  and  Wm.  F.  Tucker,  of  Illinois,  report  that  the  entiies  in  this  class  are 
not  numerous,  but  many  of  them  worthy  of  consideration. 

To  John  Gregory,  of  Northfield,  Yt.,  we  recommend  the  first  premium  of  $5 
for  the  best  20  lbs.  of  maple  sugar,  and  commend  the  contribution  as  worthy  of 
special  commendation. 

Under  the  caption  of  "  Samples  of  Manufactured  Tobacco,"  your  Committee 
award  to  Amistead  Ruggles  &  Co.,  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  the  first  premium  of  $5  for 
their  collection  taken  as  a  whole; — but  with  a  qualification  in  favor  of  D.  J.  Garth 
&  Co.,  of  Hannibal,  Mo.,  for  their  single  specimen,  which  for  delicacy  of  leaf  and 
flavor,  uniformity  of  manufacture,  and  freedom  from  coarse  stem  we  regard  as 
superior. 

To  D.  J.  Garth  &  Co.,  Hannibal,  Mo.,  we  aw-ard  a  second  premium  of  S3,  as 
compared  -with  the  larger  collection  of  Amistead  Ruggles  &  Co.,  No.  3,  but  a 
special  recommendation  of  their  single  contribution  as  being  superior  in  delicacy 
of  leaf  and  flavor,  uniformity  of  manufacture  and  freedom  from  coarse  stem. 

There  were  no  exhibitors  present  with  entries  Nos.  1  and  5,  and  your  Com- 
mittee were  obliged  to  pass  them.  We  commend  entry  No  4,  "  Case  of  Cigars," 
by  Barrett  &  Baits,  of  Chicago,  for  which  no  premium  is  offered  in  fhe  scheme, 
as  a  fair  specimen  of  manufacture  and  quality.      Certificate  of  Merit  awarded. 

The  "  Lot  of  fine  cut  Tobacco,"  entry  No.  2,  by  A.  H.  Mirkle  &  Sons,  New 
York,  we  recommend  as  excellent  in  quality  and  cutting,  but  no  premium  is 
authorized  in  the  schedule.     [Certificate  of  Merit  awarded.] 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  245 

Under  the  head  of  misceHaneous  in  this  class,  your  Comniittee  commend  to 
especial  attention  entries  4  and  5,  being  •'  Lot  Sugar  and  Syrup,  by  Chicago 
llefining  Co.,"  as  being  very  worthy  and  meritorious  contributions  from  their 
brands  O  and  00  and  A  and  B  of  sugars,  and  "  Amber,"  "  Golden"  and  '•  Sugar 
House,"  of  syrups.  No  premium  being  offered  by  the  Society  the  Committee 
award  none.     \_Certificate  of  Mo'it  awarded.] 

The  entries  6  and  7  did  not  contain  the  prescribed  quantity,  and  are  therefore 
not  reported. 

The  Committee  notice  with  pleasure  the  contribution  of  one  stack  of  Cotton 
by  S.  Seeton,  of  Birds  Point,  Mo.,  a  very  fair  specimen.  The  only  cotton 
exhibited,  but  no  premium  appears  to  be  authorized.  ICerii/icate  of  Merit 
awarded.] 

E.  K  Wilcox,  of  Michigan,  Chairman. 

\_A.  Certificate  of  Merit  yfas  awarded  to  W.  lleverill,  of  Illinois,  for  his  sample 
of  Sogho  Syrup,  (miscellaneous  entry  No.  6,)  ruled  out  as  above  for  deficiency  in 
quantity. 

A  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to  D.  J.  Garth  &  Co.,  of  Missouri,  for  man- 
ufactured tobacco. 

It  was  represented  to  the  Executive  Committee  that  on  the  last  day  of  the 
Exhibition,  (after  the  above  awards  on  Tobacco  had  been  confirmed  and  pub- 
lished,) a  Special  Committee  on  miscellaneous  entries  in  class  116,  recommended 
the  award  of  a  premium  to  Beck  &  Wirth  for  cigars.  It  will  be  seen  by  reference 
to  the  published  list  of  entries  in  the  Supplement  to  the  Evening  Journal,  of 
Sept.  13th,  that  the  cigars  of  Becit  &  Wirth  were  entered  in  class  77,  and  the 
clieck  against  the  entry  in  the  book  of  that  committee  shows  that  the  cigars 
were  examined.  Believing,  however,  that  the  Special  Committee  acted  in  good 
faith,  the  Executive  Committee  award  a  Certificate  of  Merit  to  Beck  &  Wirth,  of 
Illinois,  for  cigars.] 

CLASS  78.    GARDEN  VEGETABLES. 

Best  Irish  Potatoes,  Geo.  Shevroft,  Michigan S5 

Second  do.  Gage  Bros.  &l  Drake,  Illinois 3 

Best  Sweet  Potatoes,  Newhall  &  Clark,  Illinois 5 

Second  do.  M.  D.  Dunlap,  Illinois 3 

Best  White  Onions,  S.  Wilber,  Illinois - 3 

Second  do.  S.  H.  Kerfoot,  Illinois 2 

Best  Red  Onions,  S.  Wilber,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  Geo.  E.  Timme,  Illinois 2 

Best  Yellow  Onions,  S.  H.  Kerfoot,  Illinois 3 

Second  do,  S.  Wilber,  Illinois 2 

Best  Ruta  Bagas,  A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 3 

Best  Turnip  Beets,  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 3 

Second  do,  A.  T.  Williams,  Illinois 2 

Best  Sugar  Beets,  A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 3 

Best  Mangel  Wurtzel,  S.  H.  Kerfoot,  Illinois 3 

Second  do .  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 2 

Best  Parsnips,  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 2 

Best  Carrots,  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois. 3 

Second  do.  Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois 2 


246  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

Best  Salsify,  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois 2 

Best  Celery,  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 3 

Best  Rhubarb,  J.  A.  Staymen,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 2 

Best  Cauliflower,  J.  F.  Rowell,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 2 

Best  Cabbage,  G.  Fagwell,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 2 

Best  Red  Tomatoes,  A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 2 

Second  best  yellow  do.  J.  F.  Powell,  Illinois 3 

Best  Egg  Plant,  A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 2 

Second  do.  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 2 

Best  Pole  Beans,  A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 3 

Best  Garden  Peas,  S.  Wilber,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  L.  M.  Ford,  Minnesota 2 

Best  Squashes,  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 2 

Best  Water  Melons,  Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois 3 

Second  do.  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 2 

Best  collection  Garden  Vegetables,    A.  R.  Coolidge,  Illinois 10 

Second  do.  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Illinois 5 

Best  collection  Garden  Seeds,  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Illinois 10 

Second  do.  L.  M.  Ford,  Minnesota 5 

J.  C.  Westphal,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
\_A  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded  to  J.  Stayraan,  of  Illinois,  for  his  display  of  Irish 
and  French  potatoes.  Of  the  seventy-five  varieties  of  Irish  potatoes  exhibited  by 
Mr.  S.,  he  recommends  the  following  seedlings  as  worthy  of  cultivation  :  "  Jack- 
son, very  early,  large,  white  skin  and  flesh,  deep  eyes,  boils  dry  and  mealy  early  in 
the  season,  productive  ;  Early  June,  similar  to  the  Jackson,  only  not  quite  so  deep- 
eyed,  and  from  two  to  three  weeks  later  ;  Pelham's  Seedling,  very  early,  very  large, 
white  skin  and  flesh,  good  for  an  early  or  late  crop  ;  Prince  Albert,  large,  quite 
long  and  smooth,  white  skin  and  flesh,  remarkably  productive  ;  Davis'  Seedling, 
large,  red  skin,  white  flesh,  very  productive  —  all  these  varieties  will  not  fail  to 
give  general  satisfaction,  East  or  West."  Of  the  fifty  varieties  of  French  potatoes 
exhibited  bv  Mr.  Stayman,  he  recommends  the  following,  after  one  year's  trial : 
"  Longue  Come,  Sainville,  Longne  de  M.  de  ChantiUy,  La  Genieve,  Yam,  and 
Cliardon."  These  are  remarkably  productive  and  very  early,  and  some  of  the 
other  varieties  also  promise  well.] 

CLASS  79.    PRESERVED  MEAT,  AND  SALT. 

Best  Mess  Pork,  —  G.  S.  Hubbard  &  Co.,  Illinois $5 

Best  Smoked  Hams, — Leland  &  Myer,  Illinois, 5 

Best  Salt  for  Meats,  Pittsburg  Salt  Manufacturing  Co.,  Pennsylvania, 3 

Charles  Epps,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  80.    DAIRY   PRODUCTS. 

Best  May  or  June   Butter,  —  Lyman  Willmot,  Illinois, $20 

Second  do,  Sawtell's  Dairy,*  Illinois, 15 

Third    do,  Joseph  B.  Turner,  Illinois, 10 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  247 

Best  Summer  or  Fall  Butter, — C.  G.  Taylor,  Illinois, £0 

Second  do,  ■  A.  Bellamy,  Wisconsin,   15 

Third  do,  L.  Cotton,*  Illinois, 10 

Best  Butter  made  by  girls,         Miss  M.  P.  Brayton, 10 

Second  do,  Miss  E.  Foster, , 5 

Best  old    cheese,  —  C.    Wells'  Dairy*, 20 

Second  do,  Clift  Fames,  Illinois, 15 

Best  New  Cheese, —  Henry  Hopkins,  New  York, 20 

Second  do,  McAllister's  Dairy,*   15 

Third  do,  D.  E.  Crane,  Illinois, .- 10 

Best  Salt  for  Dairy  use,  Pittsburg  Salt  Manufacturing  Co.,  Pennsylvania,  5 

Best  Display  from  one  Dairy,— C.  G.  Taylor,  Illinois, Diploma  of  Honor. 

T.  C.  HoAG,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
[A  Diplovia  was  awarded   to  Huntington,  Bros,  and  Vogel,  of  Illinois  for  the 
fine  display  of  Dairy  Products  exhibited  by  them,  as  agents  for  Dairies  in  New 
York  and  Illinois.     They  are  also  agents  for  the  successful  exhibitors  whose  names 
are  followed  above  by  a  *.] 

[A  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded  to  W.  C.  Hammond,  cf  Indiana,  for  his  display 
of  Limburg  Cheese,  accompanied  by  the  following  statement  of  the  manufacture, 
signed  and  sworn  to.] 

"  The  Limburg  cheese,  entered  by  me,  for  exhibition,  was  ma  le  at  ditTerent 
times,  between  the  loth  of  July  and  15th  of  August  last,  at  my  dairy,  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  Laporte  County,  in  this  State  —  the  foreman  of  the  dairy  being  a  na- 
tive of  Posen,  Prussia. 

"  The  dairy  was  established  in  the  spring  of  the  present  year.  It  contains  about 
640  acres  of  new  land,  chiefly  moist  prairies  of  rich,  black,  sandy  loam,  somewhat 
mixed  with  clay,  and  resting  upon  a  substratiim  of  sand  and  gravel.  It  is  slightly 
undulating,  and  small  groves  of  oak  are  interspersed  over  it.  The  grass  is  chiefly 
Blue  Joint  and  small  Pea  Vine,  intermixed  with  coarser  wild  grasses.  Timothy, 
Red  Top,  June  or  Blue  Grass,  and  White  Clover,  are  beginning  to  appear,  the  lat- 
ter two  springing,  apparently  spontaneously,  the  others  from  seed  sown. 

"  The  number  of  cows  milked  has  varied  from  twenty  to  thirty-three,  mostly 
purchased  last  spring,  in  the  vicinity,  all  of  native  stock  —  and  v.'hen  brought  to 
the  farm  were  in  low  condition,  from  having  been  carelessly  wintered.  They  were 
put  upon  grass  as  soon  as  it  afforded  sufficient  food  for  them  —  and  have  had 
nothing  else  since. 

"  When  the  milk  is  taken  from  the  cows,  it  is  immediately  strained  into  the  vat, 
(which  is  lioe's  patent)  and  brought  to  a  temperature  of  about  20*  of  Reaumur, 
77'^  Fahrenheit,  when  the  rennet  (which  is  prepared  in  the  mode  described  by  Mr. 
Flint,  on  pp.  248,  249  of  his  work  on  Milch  Cows  and  the  Dairy,)  is  added,  the  vat 
closely  covered,  and  allowed  to  stand  until  the  milk  becomes  properly  curdled. 
The  curd  is  then  broken  with  the  hand  and  also  with  a  curd  breaker,  and  the  tem- 
perature of  the  curd  raised  to  about  30*  Reaumur,  100°  Fahrenheit,  it  is  then 
dipped  out  of  the  vat  and  poured  into  the  forms,  which  are  wooden  vessels  six 
inches  square  and  about  twenty  inches  deep,  and  perforated  with  small  holes  in  the 
bottom  and  sides,  to  permit  the  escape  of  the  whey,  which  will  occur  in  from  thirty 
to  fifty  minutes.  The  cheese  is  then  taken  from  the  forms,  and  placed  in  the  dry- 
ing trays,  where  it  remains  from  one  to  two  days  j  it  is  then  salted  with  common 


248  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

dairy  salt,  and  put  upon  the  salting  table,  and  left  there  about  two  days,  being 
once  turned  in  that  period.  From  that  table  it  is  taken  to  the  drying  room  and 
kept  there  at  a  temperatvire  of  about  20*^  Reaumer,  until  the  whey  is  sufficiently 
extracted,  which  will  occur  probably  in  about  two  weeks.  It  is  then  washed  in 
■warm  whey  and  placed  in  the  cellar  and  washed  and  turned  once  a  day,  until  ready 
for  market.  The  cellar  should  be  kept  at  a  temperatureof  about  45*-'  to  50°  Fah- 
renheit. 

"  The  dairy  is  not  yet  in  full  operation,  it  being  intended  for  a  much  larger  num- 
ber of  cows.  The  cheese  exhibited  were  not  made  with  a  view  to  exhibition,  and 
were  put  up  at  short  notice,  by  the  foreman,  no  unusual  care,  pains  or  labor  hav- 
ing been  bestowed  upon  them.  Fearing  too  great  prolixity,  I  have  avoided  mi- 
nute details." 

[A  Hotel  Premium  was  offered  for  the  best  100  lbs.  of  butter  made  at  any  one 
time,  the  Tremont  House  offering  $25,  the  Matteson  House  $10,  and  the  ^letrop- 
olitan  Hotel  $5 — $40.  It  was  awarded  by  the  Committee  to  Clinton  G.  Taylor,  of 
Illinois.] 

CLASS  81.     APPLES,  PEARS,  &c.     PROFESSIONAL  LIST. 

Best  and  largest  collection  Apples, — Ellwanger  &  Barry,  New  York, $50 

Best  twelve  varieties  Apples,  John  Makeman,  Indiana. .  . 10 

Best  and  largest  collection  Pears,       Ellwanger  &  Barry,   New  York, 50 

Best  twelve  varieties  Pears,  Ellwanger  &  Barry,  New  York, 10 

Best  dish  Pears,  one  variety,  Ellwanger  &  Barry,  New  York, 5 

Best  collection  Plums,  Ellwanger  &  Barry,  New  York, 10 

L.  S.  Pennington,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  82.    APPLES,  PEARS,  &c.    AMATEUR   LIST. 

Best  and  largest  collection  Apples — Henry  JNIyer,  Indiana, $50 

Second  do,  L.  S.  Pennington,  Illinois, 20 

Best  twenty  varieties  Apples,  Henry  Myer,  Indiana, 20 

Second  do,  R.  F.  Clough,  Illinois, 10 

Best  twelve  varieties  Apples,  Henry  Myer,  Indiana, 10 

Second  do,  L.  S.  Pennington,  Illinois, 5 

Best  dish  Apples,  one  varietj',  L.  Shaw,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do,  Henry  Myer,  Indiana, 3 

Best  dish  Pears,  one  variety,  Henry  Mj'er,  Indiana, 5 

Second  do,  Mrs.  G.  C.  Walker,  New  York, 3 

Best  collection  Plums,  P.  R.  Hoy,  Wisconsin, 10 

The  Committee  recommended  [and  it  was  awarded]  a  Bronze  Medal  to  Mr.  Par- 
mele,  of  Michigan,  for  his  fine  display  of  Peaches,  which  were  not  regularly  enter- 
ed, or  they  would  have  received  the  first  premium.  Also,  Certificates  of  Merit 
[awarded]  to  Messrs.  G.  H.  Baker,  H.  Freeman,  Brothers  Gow,  and  J.  A.  Carpen- 
ter, for  their  fine  displays  of  apples  from  "  Lower  Egypt." 

John  A.  Warder,  of  Ohio,  Chairman. 
CLASS  83.     NEW  SEEDLING  FRUIT. 
The  Committee  on  new   seedling   fruit  report  that  a  fine  dish  of  large   sweet 
apples  was  exhibited  by  Messrs.  N.  C.  &  J.  S.  Harbison,  of  Chenango,  Lawrence 
county,  Pennsylvania,  but  as  no    evidence  was   adduced  of  the   nativity  of  the 
fruit,  the  committee  decline  awarding  a  premium. 

Marshall  P.  Wilder,  of  Massachusetts,  Chairman 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  249 

CLASS  84.    GRAPES. 

Best  display  Isabella,  Sidney  Shopard,  Illinois SIO 

Best  display  Catawba,  John  E.  Mottier,  Ohio 10 

Best  display  Native,  John  E.  Mottier,  Ohio 15 

Best  display  Foreign,  J.  H.  Burch,  Illinois 15 

Second  do.  Mrs.  G.  C.  Walker,  New  York 10 

Mr.  Mottier's  display  of  Native  Grapes  was  the  best  ever  seen  by  the  Committee, 
on  one  table.  Mr.  Burch's  display  of  one  hundred  varieties  was  declared  very 
creditable  to  the  producer.  The  Committee  recommend  a  Silver  Medal  to  Mrs. 
Walker,  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  for  her  handsome  display  of  varieties  of  grapes, 
[awarded]  and  a  Bronze  Medal  to  G.  W.  Campbell,  of  Ohio,  for  his  display, 
[awarded.]  Dr.  J.  A.  Kexnicott,  of  Illinois,   Chairman. 

[Mr.  Mottier,  who  was  "  Vigneron"  for  Nicholas  Langworth  fifteen  vears, 
exhibited  :  The  Catawba,  the  favorite  wine  grape  of  the  Ohio  Valley.  Mammoth 
Catawba,  a  seedling  much  larger  than  the  old  Catawba.  Mottier's  Seedling,  very 
large,  white,  rather  late,  as  it  is  not  yet  ripe,  but  a  showy  fruit.  Missouri,  a 
small  blue  grape,  sweet,  and  good  for  the  table.  Isabella,  large  and  fine.  Cape 
Grape,  bunches  large  and  thick  set,  good  for  wine,  considered  equal  to  Burgundy 
Blue  Black  Chillicothe,  very  large.  Shaker,  or  Union  Village,  very  large,  like 
blue  plums,  flavor  very  good.  Mustang,  a  very  small  grape.  Clinton,  small,  but 
valuable  at  the  north.  Marion,  very  fine,  bunches  open,  a  seedling  from  Isabella. 
Miners'  Seedling  or  Venango,  fruit  reddish  purple,  a  fine  close  compact  bunch. 
Coleman's  White,  a  very  showy  white  grape.  Herbemont,  fruit  small,  bunches 
large  and  compact.  Lincoln,  another  small  grape  with  compact  bunches.  Dela- 
ware, the  last  and  best  flavored  grape  of  the  list,  bunches  medium  size,  berries 
small,  of  reddish  purple.] 

CLASS  85.    WINES  AND  OTHER  BEVERAGES. 

Best  Dry  Catawba,  1858,  Carl,  Fabian  &  Co.,  Illinois,  [Longworth's]. ...  10 

Second  do.  John  E.  Mottier,  Ohio 5 

Best  Sparkling  Catawba,  1858,  Carl,  Fabian  &  Co.,  Illinois,    [Longworth's] 10 

Best  Old  Catawba,  John  E.  Mottier,  Ohio 10 

Best  Schuylkill,  John  E.  Mottier,  Ohio 10 

Best  Isabella,  Carl,  Fabian  &  Co.,  Ohio 10 

Second  do.  Charles  Hanford,  Wisconsin 5 

Best  Lager  Beer,  Lill  &  Deversy,  Illinois 5 

Best  Draught  Ale,  Lill  &  Deversy,  Illinois 5 

Best  Bottled  Porter,  Lill  &  Deversy,  Illinois 3 

Best  Bottled  Cider,  S.  H.  Allen,  Massachusetts, 3 

Best  Mineral  Water,  S.  H.  Hutchinson,  Illinois 3 

[A  Diploma  was  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  S.  H.  Hutchinson,  of  Illinois, 
for  the  best  display  of  beverages.  Certificates  of  Merit  were  recommended,  [and 
awarded]  to  S.  H.  Allen,  of  Massachusetts,  for  wine  made  from  native  grapes, 
and  to  William  Beasley,  of  Illinois,  for  bottled  ale. 

Dr.  John  A.  Kennicott,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

CLASS  86    FLORAL  DESIGNS. 

Best  Floral  Design,         Samuel  Brooks,  Illinois $25 

Second  do.  F.  Goeller,    Illinois 20 

Alice  M.  Kennicott,  of  Illinois,  for  the  Committee. 


2 


250  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

CLASS  87.     FLOWERS. 

Best  collection  named  Dahlias,  Louis  Ellsworth  &  Co.,  Illinois $10 

Second  do.  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa 5 

Best  12  dissimilar  Dahlias,  J.  C.  AVestphal,  Iowa 5 

Second  do.  Louis  Ellsworth  &  Co.,  Illinois 3 

Best  new  seedling  Dahlias,  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa 3 

Best  bouquet  Dahlias,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Cobb,  Illinois 5 

Second  do.  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa 3 

Best  collection  named  Roses,  Louis  Ellsworth   &  Co.,  Illinois, 10 

Second  do.  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa, 5 

Best  twelve  dissimilar  Roses,  Louis  Ellsworth  &  Co.,  Illinois 5 

Best  bouquet  Roses,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Bobb,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa, 3 

Best  collection  named  Verbenas,  F.  K.  Phoenix,  Illinois 5 

Second  do.  Louis  Ellsworth  &  Co.,  Illinoi?, 3 

Best  twelve  dissimilar  Verbenas,  Samuel  Brooks,    Illinois, 3 

Second  do,  Mrs.  J.  B,  Cobb,  Illinois 2 

Best  new  seedling  Verbena,  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa, 3 

Best  collection  German  Asters,  Samuel  Brooks,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa, 3 

Best  collection  Panzies,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Cobb,  Illinois 5 

Best  collection  ten  weeks'  stocks,  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa, 5 

Second  do.  F.  Goeller,  Illinois, 3 

Best  collection  Phloxes,  J,  C.  Westphal,  Iowa, 5 

Second  do.  D.  Bowman,  Illinois 3 

Best  collection  Petunias,  F.  Goeller,  Illinois,   5 

Best  collection  cut  Flowers,  J.  C.  Westphal,  Iowa, \5 

Second  do.  Samuel  Brooks,   Illinois, 10 

Best  Pyramidical  Bouquet,  D.  Bowman,  Illinois, 10 

Second  do.  F.  Goeller,  Illinois 5 

Best  Flat  Bouquet,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Cobb,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  F.  Goeller,  Illinois, 3 

Best  Round  Flat  Bouquet,  F.  Goeller,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  J.  B.  Cobb,  Illinois, 3 

Best  Round  Hand  Bouquet,  Mrs.  J.  B.  Cobb,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  H.  H.  Yates,  Illinois, 3 

L.  M.  Ford,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
[A    suggestion   that  a   Discretionary  Premium   of  $25    be    awarded  to  J.   S. 
Sherman,  of  Illinois,  was  not  adopted,  in  view  of  the  large  sums  regularly  awarded 
for  flowers  and  floral  designs. 

A  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded  to  S.  H.  Kerfoot,  for  his  display  of  flower.s,  exhib- 
ited by  themselves,  notjudged  by  the  Committee. 

A  Certificate  of  Merit  was  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  Mrs.  S.  D.  Kimball, 
of  Illinois,  for  a  Winter  Bouquet.  K  Certificate  of  Merit  was,  recommended  [and 
awarded  J  to  F.  K.  Phoenix,  of  Illinois,  for  a  vase  and  basket  of  flowers,  beautiful- 
ly arranged.] 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  251 

CLASS  88.     GREEN  HOUSE  PLANTS. 

Best  Collection  Green  House  Plants,  —  W.  B.  Ogden,  Illinois, $25 

Second  do.  Samuel  Brooks,  Illinois, 20 

Third  do.  B.  F.  Carver,  Illinois, 15 

Best  specimen  Green  House  Plants,       W.  B.  Ogden,  Illinois, 5 

Best  collection  Fuschias,  W.  B.  Ogden,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  J.  B.  Cobb,  Illinois, 3 

Best  collection  rare  Evergreens,  J.  N.  Arnold,  Illinois, 5 

Best  collection  Grapes  in  pots,  J.  N.  Arnold,  Illinois, 10 

Best  collection  Hot-house  Plants,  George  Whitbold,  Illinois, l5 

Best  collection  Bignonias,  George  Whitbold,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  J.  N.  Arnold,  Illinois, 3 

L.  M.  Ford,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  89.     DOMESTIC  PRODUCTIONS, 

Best  Wheat  Bread,  Mrs.  S.  Alderson,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, 3 

Best  Rye  Bread,  Mrs.  S.  Alderson,  Illinois, 5 

Best  Corn  Bread,  L.  S.  Pennington,  Illinois, 5 

Best  Pound  Cake,  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, 5 

Best  Sponge  Cake,  Mrs.  F.  B.  Williams,  Illinois, . .  .5 

Best  Vegetables  in  cans  or  glass,     Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, 5 

Best  Peaches,  do.  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, 5 

Best  Pears,    do.  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, , , 5 

Second  best  Cherries,  Mrs.  John  C.   Wilson,  Illinois,. , , 3 

Best  Apples  in  sugar,  Lloyd  Shaw,  Illinois, » ....  5 

Best  Peaches  in  sugar,  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, 5 

Best  Strawberries,  Mrs.  F.  B.  Williams,  Illinois., , , 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, , , 3 

Best  Jellies,  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, , 5 

Best  Peach  Butter,  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois, 5 

Best  Pickles,  Guy  H.  Cutting,  Illinois, , 5 

Best  Sweet  Pickles,  Mrs.  A.  Vail,  Illinois ,    5 

Best  Sour  Pickles,  Mrs.  M.  G.  Carr,  Illinois, , 5 

A  Bronze  Medal  was  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  Mrs.  E.  F.  Haskell,  of  Illi- 
nois, for  forty-two  varieties  of  fresh,  brandied,  and  preserved  fruits.  A  Certifica-e 
of  Merit  was  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  Mrs.  M.  G.  Carr,  of  Illinois,  for  a  lot 
of  Preserves  ;  and  a  Certificate  of  Merit  was  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  S. 
Alderson,  for  fine  biscuit. 

A  Diploma  was  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  the  "  Mechanical  Bakery  "  of 
Chicago,  for  a  fine  and  palatable  display  of  wheat  bread,  crackers,  cakes  and  pies. 
The  advantages  of  this  enterprise  are  thus  recapitulated  :  "  lu  the  wholesale  price 
of  flour;  in  16  per  cent,  gain  of  nutritive  quality  from  the  flour,  which  is  lost  in 
the  ordinary  process  of  baking ;  in  about  4  per  cent,  gain  in  actual  weight  of 
bread  obtained  from  same  weight  of  dough  ;  time  lost  in  common  oven  in  heating 
and  cleaning ;  in  space  of  surface  required  for  oven ;  in  rent  of  one  bakery  alone, 
instead  of  a  large  number  ;  in  great  economy  of  fuel ;  in  great  economy  of  manual 
labor ;  that  the  bread  is  baked  by  radiated  heat  in  a  hrich  oven ;  that  the  bread  is 
baked  in  vapor  of  alcohol,  instead  of  steam  ;  that  no  gas,  smoke,  ashes  or  dust  can 
reach  the  bread ;  that  the  temperature  of  the  oven  is  uniform  ;  that  all  the  bread  is 


252  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

baked  in  exactly  the  same  time  ;  that  it  is  sold  by  weight ;  that  it  can  be  obtained 

at  a  lower  price." 

J.  H.  Wallace,  of  Iowa,  Chairman. 

[A  Bronze  Medal  was  awarded  to  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  of  Illinois,  for  specimens 
of  plain  and  fancy  baking  at  the  Tremont  House,  they  having  been  ruled  out  from 
competition  for  premiums  offered  for  Domestic  Productions.] 

A  Certificate  of  Merit  was  awarded  to  J.  Wright,  of  Illinois,  for  his  fine  display 
of  ornamental  confectionary  and  fancy  cake,  recommended  by  Horatio  G.  Nourse, 
Chairman  Special  Committee.'] 

CLASS  90.    DOMESTIC  FABRICS. 

Best  Rag-carpet,  B.  Chase,  Barrington,  Illinois, $10 

Second  do.  Mrs.  J.  Sinclair,  Chicago,  Illinois, 5 

Best  double  Coverlet,  L.  Arnold,  Wheeling,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  B.  F.  Gardner,  Chicago, 3 

Best  white  woven  Counterpane,     Mrs.  Henry  Hedges,  Paris,  Kentucky, 5 

Best  Kersey,  Mrs.  Henry  Hedges,  Paris,  Kentucky, 5 

Best  silk  Quilt,  Mrs.  W.  H.  Brown,  Paris,  Kentucky,.. Certificate. 

CLASS  91.      KNITTING  AND  NETTING  WORK. 

Best  woolen  stockings,  George  Holt,  Chicago, $5 

Second  do.  Miss  C.  Clark,  Chicago, 3 

Best  woolen  socks,  J.  D.  Smith,  Berlin,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  Henry  Hedges,  Paris,  Kentucky, 3 

Best  cotton  stockings,  Mrs.  T.  R.  Kilduff,  Peru,  Illinois, 5 

Second  do.  Miss  Jennie   Smith,  Cleveland,  Ohio, 3 

Best  netted  worsted  shawl,  Miss  E.  Finley,  Chicago, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  J.  A.  Nichols,  Chicago, 3 

Special  premium  knitting  by  child,  R,  S.  Palmer,  Leal,  Illinois,. 5 

Discretionary  Premiums  were  recqmiiiended  [and  awarded]  to 

Best  fancy  knitting,  Charles  Vorphal,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Best  woolen  goods,  Sutton  &  Burkitt,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Worked  chairs,  Mrs.  Burkitt,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Portrait  of  horse,  in  worsted,  Mrs.  Summers,  New  Orleans,  La.,.  .Certificate. 

CLASS  92.     LADIES'  WORK. 

Best  shirt,  stitched  bosom,  Mrs.  W.  A.  Burns,  Chicago, $5 

Second  do.  Weishafir  &  Rosenfield,  Chicago, 3 

Best  thin  silk  dresss,  Miss  S.  E.  Catlin,  Chicago, 3 

Best  silk  bonnet.  Mrs.  J.  Mc(Jarthy,  Chicago, 5 

Best  straw  bonnet  or  flat,  Mrs,  J,  McCarthy,  Chicago 5 

Second  do.  S,  Sosthein,  Chicago, 3 

Best  handkerchief  needle-work,  Mrs.  A.  D.  Myers,. 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  M.  D.  Haynis,  Salem,  Illinois, 3 

Best  infant's  dress,  Mrs.  E.  L,  F.  Carter,  Chicago, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  H.  D.  Boyden,  Chicago, 3 

Best  under  sleeves,  Mrs.  M.  Ellis,  Milwaukie, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  H.  D.  Boyden,  Chicago, 3 

Best  skirts,  Mrs.  S.  S.  Hitchcock,  Chicago, 5 

Second  do.  R.  S.  Palmer,  Leal,  Illinois, 3 

Best  caps,  Mrs.  Ed,  Bixby,  Chicago, 5 

Second  do.  Miss  Jennie  Smith,  Cleveland,  Ohio, 3 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  253 

Discretionary  Premiums  were  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  : — 

Case  of  Millenery,  Miss  Marsh,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Best  display  of  Pattern  Bonnets  and  Dress  Patterns,  G.  A.  Carey, Certificate. 

Honiton  bertha,  Mrs.  M.  Ellis,  Mihvaukie,  Wisconsin, Certificate. 

Specimens  of  needle-work,  Mrs.  E.  Caranna,  Chicago, < Certificate. 

Head  dress,  Mrs.  Edmund  Bixby,  Chicago Certificate. 

Embroidered  infants'  skirt,  Emily  Grayson,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Worked  collar.  Miss  Nattie  Baxter,  Janesville,  Michigan Certificate. 

Artificial  flowers,  Miss  A.  Sanselet,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Embroidery  stamps,  G.  B.  Smith,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Mrs.  Horace  Capron,  of  Illinois, /or  iAe  Committee. 
CLASS  93.    LADIES'  ORNAMENTAL  WORK. 

Best  embroidery  in  gold,  E.  L.  Day,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., $5 

Best  embroidery  in  silver.  Parsons  &  Co.,  Chicago, S 

Best  embroidery  in  chenille,  Mrs.  H.  Parke,  Chicago, 5 

Best  embroidery  in  silk,  Mrs.  H.  Parke,  Chicago, 5 

Second  do.  Mrs.  Voorghel,  Chicago, 3 

Best  worked  covers  for  chairs,  E.  W.  Gatz,  Chicago, 3 

Best  worked  covers  for  ottomans,         E.  W.  Gatz,  Chicago, 3 

Best  crochet  work.  Miss  Mary  Warton,  Chicago, 3 

Best  pair  lamp  mats,  Miss  S.  A.  Olmstead,  Chicago, ...  .3 

Best  pair  slippers.  Miss  E.  S.  F.  Carter,  Chicago, 3 

Best  o.namented  leather  work,  Mrs.  P.  S.  Grimes,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan,.  .3 

Best  shell  work,  Henry  Verbeck,  Mission,  Illinois, 3 

Best  Pine-cone  work,  Mrs.  F.  B.  Williams,  Chicago, 3 

Best  wax  flowers,  Mrs.  A.  N.  Tiffany,  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 3 

Best  wax  fruit,  Mrs.  A.  N.  Tiffany,  Buflfalo,  N.  Y., 3 

Best  evidence  of  taste  and  industry  by  a  girl   under  fifteen  years  of  age,  not  a 

competitor  for  other  premiums  —  Laura  Her])ert, 12 

Discretionary  Premiums  were  recommended  [and  awarded]  to  : — 

Ingenious  wax-work,  Mrs.  M.  J.  Eggleston,  Mendota,  Illinois, Diploma. 

Masonic  Regalia,  Parsons  &  Co.,  Chicago Diploma. 

Log  cabin,  Miss  Jennie  Jackson,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Shell-work,  J.  C.  Young,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Wax  flowers,  Mrs.  C.  F.  Rogers,  Joliet,   Certificate. 

Hair-work,  C.  A.  Engell,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Mrs.  John  McGowan,  of  Pennsylvania,  for  the  Committee. 
CLASS  94.    SUBSTITUTE   FOR  THE  PLOW,  AS  NOW  USED. 

The  undersigned,  a  Committee  to  whom  were  confided  the  trial  of  Steam  Plows 
and  other  substitutes  for  the  plow  as  now  used,  respectfully  Report :  That  the 
following  implements  and  machines  were  offered  for  examination  : 

By  John  Deere,  of  Moline,  111.,  a  Double  Michigan  Plow. 

By  John  Van  Doren  &  Co.,  of  Chicago,  substitute  for  the  Plow. 

By  B.  F.  Field,  Milwaukie,  Wis.,  a  substitute  for  the  Plow. 

By  Joseph  W.  Fawkes,  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Steam  Plow. 

By  James  Waters,  Detroit,  Mich.,  Steam  Plow. 

The  first  of  these,  although  offered  as  "the  best  pulverizer  of  the  soil,"  is  nothing 
but  an  ordinary  plow,  double  it  is  true,  but  still  a  plow  to  be  drawn  by  horses  or 
oxen  in  the  usual  way,  and  therefore  not  within  scope  of  the  award. 


254  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

The  second  is  a  rotarjr  cultivator,  driven  by  steam,  and  self  propelling.  Beside 
plowing,  it  may  be  applied  to  other  uses,  such  as  harvesting  grain,  cutting  grass, 
and,  having  a  puUy  of  suitable  dimensions,  may  be  used  as  stationary  power  for 
farm  machinery.  This  machine  was  at  work  at  various  times  on  the  Fair  Grounds, 
but  when  the  Committee  sent  official  notice  that  they  were  ready  to  test  it  in  de- 
tail, the  owner  could  nowhere  be  found,  and  no  opportunity  was  afterward  afforded 
until  the  close  of  the  exhibition.  The  result  of  our  observations,  however,  was 
such  that  we  do  not  think  it  worthy  to  compete,  in  its  present  condition,  with  the 
larger  and  more  perfect  machines  on  trial. 

The  third  implement  was  a  revolving  plow  and  seeding  machine,  and  is  thus 
made  :  There  is  an  outer  slatted  drum  of  iron,  4^  feet  in  diameter,  and  5  feet  wide, 
made  in  three  sections.  Inside,  on  an  eccentric  shaft,  are  fixed  three  sets,  of  20 
spades  each,  set  8  inches  apart  on  "  spiders,"  but  all  turning  on  one  shaft.  As 
they  come  in  turn  below,  the  spades  project  beyond  the  outer  drum  through  the 
apertures,  and  the  weight  of  the  machine  (2  tons)  being  thrown  upon  them,  they 
enter  the  ground  to  the  depth  of  8  inches.  The  machine  turning  as  it  travels  for- 
ward, the  spades  coming  behind,  lift  the  earth  as  they  emerge,  and  disturb  its  rela- 
tive position  as  would  a  spade  in  the  hands  of  a  man  except  that  the  soil  is  not  in- 
verted. Behind  the  spading  apparatus,  on  the  back  pan  of  the  frame  which  sur- 
rounds the  whole,  is  a  row  of  ordinary  drill  sheaths,  to  deposit  the  seed  in  the 
ground,  which  is  fed  to  them  by  suitable  hoppers  with  valves. 

The  Committee  made  a  careful  examination  of  this  "  rotary  plow,"  but  did  not 
feel  authorized  to  av/ard  it  the  Grand  Gold  Medal  of  Honor. 

These  three  being  excluded,  the  competition  was  narrowed  down  to  two  compet- 
itors, viz. :  Joseph  W.  Fawkes,  of  Christiana,  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  and  James 
"Waters,  of  Detroit,  Michigan,  both  exhibitors  and  inventors  of  steam  plowing  en- 
gines and  apparatus. 

The  Fawkes  machine  is  thus  described  by  the  Committee  of  Machinists  who 
conducted  the  recent  trials  of  steam  plows  at  the  Fair  of  the  Illinois  State  Agricul- 
tural Society. 

"  To  form  a  complete  conception  of  this  steam  plow,  let  the  Committee  recall  the 
appearance  of  a  small-sized  tender  of  a  locomotive  engine.  Let  about  half  the  for- 
ward portion  of  the  sides  and  tank  be  removed.  We  now  have  something  which 
resembles  the  body  of  Fawkes's  machine.  In  the  middle  of  the  forward  portion  of 
the  platform  stands  the  upright  boiler,  Avhich  is  about  6.^  feet  high  and  4  feet  in  di- 
ameter, the  fire-box  and  ash-pit  being  of  course  below  the  level  of  the  platform,  and 
the  fire-door  opening  forward.  The  boiler  contains  220  1-^-  inch  tubes,  which,  com- 
puted together  with  the  fire-box,  gives  375  feet  of  fire  surface.  Steam  may  be  got 
up  in  15  minutes,  although  twice  that  time  is  usually  necessary.  The  fuel  may 
either  be  bituminous  coal  or  wood.  The  cylinders  are  horizontal,  9  inches  in  di- 
ameter and  15  inches  stroke,  and  are  plar.'edone  on  each  side  of  the  boilers.  The  pis- 
tons communicate  motion  not  to  the  side  wheels,  but  to  a  drum  or  roller,  6  feet  in 
diameter  and  6  feet  long,  Avhich,  as  the  sides  of  the  platform  overhang  its  end,  is 
comparatively  out  of  sight.  The  drum  is  placed  about  mid-way  between  the  front 
and  back  of  the  machine;  before  it  depends  the  fire-box,  and  over  and  behind  it  is 
the  tank  ;  so  that  when  the  boiler  and  tank  are  full  they  nearly  counterbalance 
each  other  on  the  axles  of  the  driving  drum, 

*'  This  drum  is  composed  of  two  iron  heads,  or  '  spiders,'  and  an  intermediate 
one  ;  to  these,  thick  narrow  planks,  cut  like  staves,  and  fitting  closely,  are  bolted 
and  form  the  periphery.  The  adhesion  is,  therefore,  produced  by  a  surface  of 
wood  six  feet  long,  which  never  becomes  polished,  and  the  bearing  of  which  is  al- 
ways across  the  grain.  There  is  no  slipping  ;  the  machine  is  started  and  stopped 
instantly ;  and,  except  when  propelling  itself  a  considerable  distance  on  turnpike 
or  paved  roads,  the  wear  and  tear  is  slight.  This  substitution  of  the  driving  roller, 
for  the  ordinary  side-wheels,  wonderfully  increases  traction,  and  prevents  slougbnig 


At  Chicago^  Blinois,  September,  1859. 


255 


in  wet  or  yielding  soil  ;  while  moderate  irregularities  of  surface  scarcely  effect  the 
onward  inarch  of  the  plow.  Anotlicr  great  advantage  is  gained  by  the  gearing  of 
the  drum.  Instead  of  being  attached  directly  to  a  crank  on  the  axle  of  the  drum, 
each  connecting  rod  communicates  motion  to  a  pinion  which  turns  easily,  but 
without  shake  on  the  axle  just  mentioned.  The  jiinion  interlocks  with  a  cog- 
wheel which,  by  a  pinion  on  its  axis,  impartr,  motion  to  the  cog-wheel  bolted  to  the 
drum.  The  whole  being  so  proportioned  that  six  strokes  of  the  piston  cause  one 
revolution  of  the  drum. 


^  Bcs,ffi,.        ''i'LPiiii'i"' 


"  Inci-ease  of  power  and  of  control  over  the  movements  of  the  engines  are  secured. 

"  In  front  of  the  fire-box  is  a  short  tapering  bow  of  sheet  iron,  which  serves  as  a 
seat  for  the  fireman  and  a  receptacle  for  fuel.  The  bow  is  supported  by  a  body-bolt 
on  a  truck  composed  of  two  iron  guide-wheels  three  and  one-half  feet  in  diameter 
and  fifteen  inches  broad.  The  truck  moves  freely  like  the  front  wheels  of  a  chaise, 
and  is  controlled  by  a  steering  wheel  in  chai'ge  of  the  engineer,  so  that  the  whole 
machine  is  turned  as  readily  and  as  short  as  a  farm-wagon.  The  engine  is  of  thir- 
ty horse  power.     The  entire  length  of  the  machine  is  about  18  feet ;  its  weight. 


256  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

■with  water  and  fuel,  10  tuns ;  and  cost,  including  '  donkey,'  engine  and  pump, 
about  $4,000.  By  this  pump  water  may  be  drawn  from  a  well  or  creek,  and  the 
tank  filled  or  water  forced  from  the  tank  to  the  boiler.  The  tank  holds  twelve 
barrels,  sufficient  for  three  hours'  running.  The  plows,  eight  in  number,  are  at- 
tached to  one  frame,  which  is  suspended  by  chains  passing  over  grooved  pullies  in 
two  beams,  projecting  from  the  seat  of  the  engine.  These  chains  communicate  to 
a  windlass  in  charge  of  the  fireman  in  front,  by  which  a  gang  of  plows  may  be 
raised  or  lowered  at  pleasure,  and  the  frame  of  plows  is  drawn  by  other  chains, 
which  are  attached  to  the  underside  of  the  frame  of  the  engine." 

Waters'  plow  is  entirely  dissimilar  in  every  respect,  and  may  be  thus  described. 
It  is  a  locomotive  engine,  with  a  horizontal  boiler  containing  96  2  inch  tubes 
There  are  four  cylinders  5 J  inches  in  diameter,  with  12-inch  stroke,  making  24 
revolutions  to  one  of  the  drivers.  These  are  10  feet  in  diameter,  with  a  26-inch 
face,  made  of  light  boiler  iron,  and  with  |  iron  spokes.  Two  steering  wheels  are 
placed  in  front,  5  feet  in  diameter,  12-inch  face,  turned  by  a  worm  and  chain.  The 
main  axle  is  of  4-inch  round  iron,  fitted  Avith  oil-tight  boxes.  The  fire-box  is  2  ><!  3 
feet,  and  made  for  either  wood  or  coal.  The  boiler  is  bolted  to  the  axle  by  clamps, 
and  in  front  by  light  iron  braces  rests  upon  the  axles  of  the  steering-wheels.  Mo- 
tion is  given  to  the  drivers  by  a  pinion  working  in  internal  gears  on  the  drivers, 
the  pinion  being  turned  by  its  wheel  gearing,  into  the  engine-shaft  direct.  To 
prevent  slipping,  ribs  of  sheet  iron  are  bolted  on  the  face  of  the  drivers,  and  set  di- 
agonally. A  tank  beneath  the  boiler  holds  5  gallons  of  water,  but  a  further  sup- 
ply of  15  barrels,  is  carried  in  a  two-wheeled  water-cart  attached  to  the  engine. 
On  the  deck  of  this  cart  his  fuel  is  carried.  The  plows,  13  in  number,  are  in  gangs, 
on  two  frames,  which  run  on  caster  wheels.  The  gangs  are  hitched  one  behind 
the  other,  and  both  behind  the  water-cart,  making  an  entire  train  of  57  feet.  The 
plows  are  not  self-adjusting,  but  permanently  attached  to  the  frames.  They  are 
raised  and  lowered  on  each  gang  simultaneously,  by  a  quick-threaded  screw. 

The  two  machines  were  taken  in  hand  by  the  Committee  on  Friday,  and  caused 
first  to  run  twice  around  the  half-mile  track  of  the  show-grounds,  the  better  to  en- 
able the  assembled  multitude  to  witness  their  locomotive  capacity  and  outward  me- 
chanical construction.  They  were  then  made  to  turn  a  single  furrow  each  within 
the  inclosure,  after  M'hich  they  were  removed  to  a  smooth,  level  prairie  immediate- 
ly adjoining  the  grounds.  Each  competitor  was  left  free  to  choose  the  area  of 
ground  in  which  he  could  show  his  machine  to  greatest  advantage,  as  there  was 
an  almost  unlimited  stretch  of  uninclosed  land  admirably  suited  to  the  purpose. 
Mr.  Waters,  from  the  length  of  his  train  of  engine,  tender,  and  two  gangs  of 
plows,  making  in  all  57  feet,  preferred  plowing  in  a  circle  and  on  not  less  than  a 
six-acre  plot,  while  Mr.  Fawkes  expressed  his  willingness  to  take  any  sized  field, 
even  to  a  single  acre,  if  the  Committee  so  desired. 

A  portion  of  the  Executive  Board  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society,  wishing  to 
test  Mr.  Fawkes's  engine  on  a  half-mile  furrow,  your  Committee  assented  to  the 
proposition,  and  rode  upon  the  machine  until  he  had  plowed  four  furrows  of  2,340 
feet  in  length,  and  9  feet  4  inches  each  in  width,  making,  in  all,  87,165  square  feet, 
or  a  trifle  over  two  acres.  The  furrows  were  turned  to  an  average  depth  of  five  inch- 
es, and  were  of  each  single  plow  fourteen  inches  in  width.  The  time  consumed  in 
turning  the  first  through  furrow  was  9  minutes  ;  the  second,  8^  minutes ;  the 
third,  8  minutes  ;  the  fourth,  10  minutes.  In  passing  up  the  first  furrow,  once  on 
the  next,  and  once  on  the  last,  the  plows  were  clogged  by  the  sods  getting  cross- 
wise in  the  gang,  and  the  machine  stopped  to  clean  them  out,  occupying  in  all  17 
minutes  for  cleaning  out  and  turning  at  the  end  of  furrows.     On  the  last  home 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September^  1859.  257 

stretch,  at  a  distance  of  280  yards  from  the  end,  the  steam  became  so  low  that  it 
required  some  minutes  to  get  up  sufficient  to  run  the  furrow  through.  This  was 
Jaid  b)'  Mr.  Fawkes,  to  the  fault  of  an  inexperienced  fireman,  and  to  his  wood 
being  somewhat  green,  and  not  cut  small  enough. 

Your  Committee,  however,  throughout  the  trial,  were  of  the  impression  that 
either  the  boiler  itself  was  not  arranged  to  make  abundant  supplies  of  steam,  or 
the  work  it  was  put  to  was  more  than  should  be  expected  from  a  good  boiler  of 
this  size.  We  feel  satisfied  that  if  cutters  had  been  attached  to  all  the  plows 
instead  of  only  the  one  on  the  land-side  furrow,  the  power  consumed  in  drawing 
the  gang  of  eight  through  a  virgin  prairie-sod  would  have  been  materially  les- 
sened. As  it  was,  the  sod  was  actually  torn  asunder  as  the  plows  were  forced 
through  it,  but  with  suitable  cutters,  the  furrow  slice  might  have  been  turned 
with  but  little  expenditure  of  power.  From  over-anxiety  and  inexperience  on 
the  part  of  Mr.  Fawkes,  he  did  not  really  make  so  good  a  show  of  the  powers 
of  his  machine  as  he  might,  and,  in  fact,  the  same  may,  with  equal  justice,  be 
said  of  his  competitor,  for  both  of  these  persons  came  to  trial  unprepared  for 
accidents,  serious  or  trifling,  as  they  might  chance  to  be,  and  so  little  experi- 
enced in  the  working  of  their  own  inventions,  as  to  overlook  many  details 
which  contribute  essentially  to  the  success  of  public  trials.  It  is  only  when 
weaknesses  have  been  fully  shown  at  such  a  time,  that  inventors  begin  to  appre- 
ciate the  qualities  of  their  inventions  ;  and  your  Committee  are  persuaded  that 
if  either  the  Fawkes  or  Waters  machine  was  seen  at  regular  work  upon  a  farm, 
a  better  show  would  be  made,  than  the  utmostj  pains-taking  brings  to  the  obser- 
vation of- a  Committee  at  a  trial  exhibition. 

Our  Committee  divided  itself  so  that  a  portion  should  conduct  the  trial  of  the 
Waters'  plow,  and  the  remainder  that  of  Fawkes. 

Mr.  Waters,  while  awaiting  orders  to  move,  got  his  steam  up  to  180  pounds 
in  a  brief  time,  a  pressure  unsafe,  particularly  in  the  hands  of  an  inexperienced 
person.  On  starting  to  work,  the  gauge  showed  a  pressure  of  140  pounds 
under  which,  after  suitably  adjusting  the  depth  of  his  two  gangs  of  plows  by 
means  of  the  screws  prepared  for  that  purpose,  he  moved  forward  a  distance  of 
300  feet  in  two  minutes  ;  when,  on  turning  his  first  curve,  the  caster  wheel  on 
the  front  of  his  second  plow-frame,  by  reason  of  a  previous  bending  of  its  shaft, 
turned  sidewise,  and  broke  in  pieces,  letting  two  or  three  of  the  plows  in  the  gang 
into  the  ground  to  great  depth  ;  one  of  them  was  snapped  ofi",  and  further  work 
rendered  impracticable.  From  the  commencement  of  the  work  until  the  un- 
fortunate accident  occurred  was  but  two  minutes.  The  furrow  turned  by  the 
thirteen  plows  was  19  feet  in  width,  and  the  distance  travelled  being  300  feet, 
there  was  only  plowed  5,700  square  feet,  or  something  more  than  an  eighth  of 
an  acre  of  land  —  certainly  not  enough  to  give  a  fair  idea  of  the  possible  per- 
formance of  the  machine.  The  accident  would  not  have  occurred  if  an  experi- 
enced hand  had  been  placed  to  manage  each  gang  of  plows,  nor  perhaps  if  the 
inventor  had  had  the  benefit  of  any  reasonable  experience  with  plowing  machin- 
ery, and  it  is  a  source  of  much  regret  that  the  really  good  qualities  of  a  powerful 
traction  engine  should  not  have  been  brought  out,  merely  from  careless  manage- 
ment, on  this  important  occasion.  Waters'  engine  has  undoubtedly  great 
power,  but  has  some  objectionable  features  as  well.  There  being  four  cylinders, 
the  machinery  is  made  more  complicated,  and  by  so  much  the  less  easy  of  man- 


258  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

agement  by  farmers.  The  four  cylinders  are  necessary  to  a  machine  like  this 
which  has  two  large  travelling  wheels,  to  keep  each  of  which  in  motion  at  will 
a  pair  of  cylinders  must  be  used,  for  without  them  it  would  not  be  possible  to 
get  the  wheels  off  centers  under  some  circumstances.  The  revolutions  of  the 
engine  being  24  to  each  one  of  the  drivers,  speed  of  locomotion  is  not  obtained 
commensurate  with  the  speed  of  the  engine.  The  great  length  of  the  train  of 
engine,  tender,  and  plows  makes  it  unwieldy  to  handle,  and  prevents  trimming 
up  corners  of  lots  and  banks  of  sloughs  and  basins,  where  much  waste  of  land 
would  be  caused.  It  also  is  asserted  by  the  inventor  that  his  field  is  not  back 
furrowed  and  finished  up,  but  a  strip  of  fifty  feet  is  left  in  the  middle  to  be 
finished  by  horse  power.  The  tractive  power  of  the  engine  when  at  work 
seemed  ample ;  but  we  are  not  prepared  to  say  that  such  would  be  the  case 
throughout  a  day's  work,  but  suppose  it  would.  The  two  pairs  of  cylinders 
being  independent  of  each  other,  a  serious  obstruction  to  one  driver  might,  and 
did,  cause  it  to  slip,  while  the  other  held  its  tractive  power  ;  thus  there  would  be 
a  tendency  to  throwing  out  of  line.  The  internal  gears  of  the  drivers  being 
quite  exposed  to  dust  and  sand,  the  wear  would  be  rapid.  The  raising  and  low- 
ering of  the  gangs  of  plows  by  a  quick  screw  proved  itself  bad  ;  for  when  the 
points  ran  down  deep,  the  downward  pulling  weight  caused  the  screw  rapidly 
to  run  up,  and  the  plows  were  buried  almost  to  the  beams. 

Of  course  further  experiment  with  Mr.  Waters'  machine  being  impossible, 
the  entire  attention  of  the  Committee  was  given  to  the  Fawkes'  plow.  The  work 
done  by  this  latter  machine  throughout  was  excellent,  the  furrows  being  evenly 
laid,  and  the  turf  completely  buried,  even  in  a  stretch  of  land  broken  up  into 
tussocks,  with  flags  and  other  aquatic  plants  growing  upon  and  around  them. 
The  soil  was  a  black  mold,  so  sandy  in  parts  that  a  good  clod  of  sod  could  not 
be  picked  up ;  in  others,  with  much  gravel  intermixed  with  the  mold  ;  and  in 
others  a  fine  black  vegetable  mold,  such  as  is  common  all  over  the  "  black 
prairie."  Your  Committee  think  that  in  building  another  engine,  Mr.  Fawkes 
will  add  extra  flues  to  keep  an  extra  supply  of  steam  for  emergencies,  perhaps 
enlarge  the  diameter  of  his  smoke  stack,  or  make  other  proportional  changes, 
which  will  increase  the  efiioiency  of  his  engine,  without  at  all  aff'ecting  his 
principle. 

The  plows,  as  now  set  in  gangs,  are  liable  to  choke  in  some  kinds  of  ground 
from  their  being  too  nearly  in  a  row  laterally,  whereas  if  set  more  obliquely  on 
the  frame,  each  furrow  would  be  turned  over  before  the  one  following  would 
commence. 

But,  while  your  Committee  are  by  no  means  prepared  to  certify  that  Mr. 
Fawkess  plowing  machine  has  reached  the  degree  of  perfection  only  to  be  had 
after  much  practical  working  on  a  farm,  they  do  not  regard  its  several  weak 
points,  as  above  noticed,  as  invalidating  its  claims  to  public  favor,  for  enough 
good  work  was  done  in  the  two  miles  of  furrow  it  run  on  Friday  to  prove  it  to 
have  great  merit.  It  plowed  for  us  at  the  rate  of  an  acre  in  17  minutes,  or  3i 
acres  per  hour,  including  turns.  At  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society  of  England's 
show  this  year,  there  were  exhibited  six  steam  plows  and  cultivators  in  actual 
work.  Of  these  the  best  was  that  of  John  Fowler,  jr.,  of  London,  whose  engine 
is  stationed  at  one  side  of  a  field,  a  self-moving  drum  at  the  other,  and  a  Avire 
cable,  which  winds  and  unwinds    on  the   above   drum,  and    another  one    beneath 


At  Chicago,  HUnois,  September,  1859.  259 

the  engine  itself,  draws  a  double  gang  of  plows  —  one  half  set  to  ])low  in  one 
direction,  the  other  in  the  contrary  one.  With  this  apparatus,  taking  4  furrows, 
9  inches  by  6,  and  employing  a  power  equal  to  10  horses,  2  roods  16  perches  of 
ground  only  were  broken  up  per  hour. 

To  this  machine  was  awarded  the  Royal  Society's  Grand  Prize  of  £500  last 
year,  at  Chester,  and  the  new  prize  of  £50  this  year  at  Warwick  ;  and  you 
Committee  are  of  opinion  that  if  these  awards  were  worthily  made,  the  machine 
of  Fawkes  is  eminently  worthy  of  commendation  and  support  at  their  bands. 
They,  therefore,  take  pleasure  in  reporting  to  the  Honorable  Executive  Com- 
mittee, that  they  unanimously  award  the  Grand  Gold  Medal  of  Honor  of  the 
United  States  Agricultural  Society,  to  Joseph  W.  Fawkes  of  Christiana,  Lan- 
caster County,  Pennsylvania,  for  his  steam  jjIow. 
All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

B.  P.  JOHNSON,  Secretary  New  York  State  Agricultural  Society. 

CHARLES  DICKER,  President  Michigan  State  Agricultural  Society. 

S.  J.  HAYES,  Superintendent  of  Machinery  Illinois  Central  Railroad. 

THOMAS  COBB,  Master  Mechanic  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 

A.  J.  GALLOWAY,  Land  Agent,  Chicago. 

H.  S.  OLCOTT ,  Agricultural  Reporter  New  York  Tribune. 

CLASS  95.    PLOWS. 

The  Committee  on  Plows,  James  Grant,  of  Iowa  ;  E.  Byington,  of  Ohio,  and  A. 
Granger,  of  Illinois,  beg  leave  to  report :  That  from  circumstances  beyond  the 
control  of  the  Society,  no  test  of  plows  with  a  dynameter  could  be  made,  and  the 
Committee  are  unwilling  to  give  a  premium  on  plows,  without  having  tested  them 
in  the  field. 

The  exhibition  of  plows  for  general  use,  in  prairie  soils,  is,  in  every  mode  which 
can  be  judged  of  by  the  eye,  very  creditable  to  the  exhibitors. 

Taking  them  in  the  order  in  which  they  were  inscribed  on  the  entry  books  of  the 
Society,  and  without  any  comparison  of  their  merits,  the  plows  of  Faut  &  Brad- 
ley, Chicago  ;  St.  Joseph's  Iron  Company,  Mishawaha,  Ind. ;  John  Deers,  Moline, 
Ilk  ;  Anderson  &  Bosworth,  Ogle  County,  111. ;  B.  B.  Scofield,  Andover,  III.,  and 
Buford  Tete  &  Co.,  of  Pi,ock  Island,  lU.j  are  all  ivorthy  of  commendation.  The 
plow  exhibited  in  the  last  named  lot,  (rigged  with  wheels  and  a  seat,)  is  new  to  the 
Committee,  and  worthy  of  a  field  test  with  the  rest,  but  no  opinion  could  be  formed 
of  its  merits. 

All  the  other  articles  in  this  class  are  worthy  of  general  commendation,  but  not 
of  special  premiums  without  further  examination.  The  drain  plows  were  referred 
to  a  separate  Committee. 

James  Grant,  of  Iowa,  Chairman. 

[A  Diploma  was  awarded  to  each  of  the  above  named  exhibitors  for  the  display 
of  plows  made  by  each  one.] 

The  Special  Committee  on  Plows  for  Mole  Ditching,  J.  C.  Gaston,  of  Ohio  ;  G. 
W.  Armstrong  and  B.  F.  Johnson,  of  Illinois,  report  that  there  were  seven  sepa- 
rate entries.  Without  the  benefit  of  full  trials,  they  see  sufficient,  merit  in  the  plow 
of  Elmer  &  Richard,  Shabbona  Grove,  DeKalb  County,  III,  to  award  them  the 
Silver  Medal  off'ered  as  a  premium.  They  also  recommended  [and  it  was  awarded] 
a  Certificate  of  Merit  to  D.  F.  Robbing  &  S.  Morrison,  of  DeWitt  County,  111.,  for 
their  plow.  J.  C.  Gaston,  of  Ohio,  Chairman. 


260  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

CJiASS  96.     TILLAGE  AND  PLANTING  IMPLEMENTS- 

Best  roler  or  clod-crusher,         George  Lindley,  St.  Louis, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  iron  roller,  in  sections,  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  stump  extractor,  N.  A.  Davis,  Concord,  N.  H., Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Scraper,  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  MedaL 

Best  Harrow,  S.  Stoudart,  Elgin,  Illinois, Silver  Medal. 

'Second  do.  J.  Deere,  Molina,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  corn-planter,  (horse,)        Geo.  W.  Brown,  Galesbury,  Illinois,.  .Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  L.  Day,  Buffalo,  New  York,.  ► Bronze  Medal. 

Best  hand  corn-planter,  W.  C.  Green,  Chicago,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  grain  drill,  James  Silby,  Peoria,  Illinois, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  Thomas  Mast  &  Co.,  Springfield,  Ohio,  Bronze  Medal. 

Best  broadcast  sower,  W.  H.  Allen,  Beloit,  Wisconsin, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  John  Young,  Joliet,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  horse  hoe  for  drills,  Furst  &  Bradley,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

The  following  Discretionary  Premiums  were  recommended  by  the  committee 
and  awarded  : 

Iron  Rotary  Harrow,  Orman  Coe,  Port  Washington,  Wis., Diploma. 

Hand  corn-planter,  N.  A.  Davis,  Concord,  New  Hampshire,..  ..Diploma. 

Automatic  Hill-planter,  L.  N.  Brigham,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Horse  Hoe  and  Cultivator,       Perry  Tripp,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Rotary  Cultivator,  S.  S.  Hoyt,  Cleveland,  Ohio, Diploma. 

Combined  Rake  and  Harrow,  N.  A.  Davis,  Concord,  N,  H., Diploma. 

Grass-seed  sower,  J.  C.  Gaston,  Collinsville,  Ohio, Certificate. 

Harrow  and  Seeder,  M.  S.  Root,  Medina,  Ohio, Certificate. 

Wheat  Cultivator,  Waters, Lathrop&McNay,  Jackson,  Mich., Certificate. 

Potato  Digger,  Waters, Lathrop&McNay,  Jackson, Mich., Certificate. 

Corn  and  Seed  Planter,  S.  P.  Hawley,  Rockford,  Illinois, Certificate. 

Gang  Cultivator,  C.  M.  Hall,  Uniontown,  Illinois, Certificate. 

Combined  Planter,  A.  G.  Gage,  South  Alabama,  N.  Y Certificate. 

Combined  Cultivator,  Lewis  Buil,  Delhi,  Iowa Certificate. 

In  conclusion,  the  Committee,  W.  E.  Porter,  of  Wisconsin  ;  D.  J.  Powers,  of 
Wisconsin  ;  and  J.  L.  Hancock,  of  Illinois,  report  that  they  carefully  examined, 
(without  sufficient  time  to  test  the  same  by  practical  use,)  and  desire  to  make  hon- 
orable mention  of, — Harrow,  by  Baxter  &  HoUis,  Griggsville,  Illinois  ;  Rotary  Har- 
row, by  G.  B.  Griffin,  Madison,  Wisconsin ;  Corn-planter,  well  adapted  for  prairie 
sod,  by  Charles  Rainly,  Onavga,  Illinois  ;  Grain  Drill,  by  Willoughby  &  Black, 
Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania  ;  Broadcast  Sower,  by  R.  S.  Rickey,  Canton,  Missouri ; 
and  Broadcast  Sower,  by  C.  H.  Hildreth,  Beloit,  Wisconsin. 

There  were  several  articles  on  the  entry  book  handed  to  the  eommittee  which 
they  were  unable  to  find.  William  F.  Pokter,  of  Wisconsin,  Chairman. 

CLASS  97.  HARVESTING  MACHINES  AND  IMPLEMENTS. 
The  committee  to  which  was  referred  the  entries  for  a  half  of  the  premiums 
offered  in  this  class,  consisting  of  Henry  Wager,  of  New  York  ;  J.  F.  Barnard,  of 
Illinois,  and  Charles  S.  Foster  and  Samuel  Workman,  of  Iowa,  Report:  That 
we  have  been  greatly  embarrassed  by  the  impossibility  of  pi-actically  testing 
machines.  Also,  the  large  number  exhibited  made  it  necessary  to  examine  too 
Jiastily.     Many  machines,  which  deserve  great  credit,  must  be  passed  without  notice. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  261 

Beapers  a7id  Mowers  Combined. — Best,  R.  L.  Howard,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and  Tal- 
cott,  Emerson  &  Co.,  Rockford,  111.,  are  equally  entitled  to  this  premium.  We  re- 
commend an  award  to  each  accordingly.  Each,  a  Silver  Medal. 

Second  Best,  K.  H.  Allen,  New  York, Bronze  Medal. 

Mowers.— Best,  W.  A.  Wood,  Hoosac  Falls,  New  York, Silver  Medal. 

Second  Best,  E.  Danford,  Geneva,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Reaptrs. — C.  Aultman  &  Co.,  "  Buckeye  Reapers,"  Canton,  Ohio,..  ..Silver  Medal. 


Second  Best,  Riley  &  Elliot,  White  Pigeon,  Mich Bronze  Medal. 

We  were  much  gratified  to  find  a  beautiful  specimen  of  C.  H.  McCormack's 
combined  Reaper  ai:d  Mower  on  exhibition,  much  improved.     (Not  competing.) 


262  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

We  look  upon  this  machine  as  the  acknowledged  pioneer  of  reapers  and  mowers 
and  consider  it  justly  entitled  to  all  the  credit  and  position  of  superiority  it  has 
heretofore  received  at  all  exhibitions.  The  workmanship  of  the  machine  exhibited 
is  worthy  of  great  praise. 

Threshing  Machines. — Best,  M,  Rumley,  Laporte,  Indiana, Silver  Medal. 

Second  best,  D.  M.  Osborne  &  Co.,  Auburn,  New  York, Bronze  Medal. 

Threshers  and  Separators. — Best,  H.  Aldrich,  Michigan  City,  Ind.,.  .Silver  Medal. 

Second  best,  A.  H.  Wise,  Freeport,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Threshers  and  Winnowers. — Best,  H.  A.  Pitts,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second  best,  Rice  &  Swartz,  Martin's  Ferry,  Ohio, Bronze  Medal. 

In  the  above  we  have  passed  two  horse  machines,  understanding  them  not  to  be 
included  in  the  classification,  but  recommend  the  forming  of  a  class  for  these 
machines.  We  believe  them  to  be  of  more  general  utility  than  larger  machines. 
We  recommend  that  premiums  be  awarded. 

Best,  Chapman  &  May,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second  best,  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  do, Bronze  Medal. 

Sweep  Horse  Power. — Best,  M.  Rumley,  Laporte,  Indiana, Bronze  Medal. 

Second  best,  H.  A.  Pitts,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Railroad  Horse  Power. — Best,  Chapman  &  May,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Second  best,  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Automaton  Pake. — Best,  Aaron  Palmer,  Batavia,  Illinois, Silver  Medal. 

O.  H.  King  exhibits  a  model  which  is  worthy  of  commendation.  It  is  more  sim- 
ple than  any  other  we  have  seen, Certificate. 

Binders. — Best,  A.  S.  Sherwood,  Auburn,  New  York, Bronze  Medal. 

Second  best,  J.  P.  Manny,  Ptockford,  Illinois, Certificate. 

Band  Cutter. — S.  D.  Reynold,  Lane,  Ogle  County,  Illinois,  exliibits  a  good  machine, 
the  only  one  on  the  ground, Certificate. 

It  is  impossible  that  a  full  knowledge  of  the  merits  of  machines  of  this  class  can 
be  attained  by  any  committee,  by  a  hasty  examination  of  them  upon  the  Fair 
giounds,  when  not  practically  tested.  It  is  important  that  such  examination  be 
made  by  men  competent,  who  will  devote  sufficient  time  and  attention  to  give  each 
machine  a  full  and  fair  trial.  Therefore,  we  earnestly  recommend  that  the  commit- 
tee for  next  year  be  instructed  to  make  such  examination  at  a  suitable  time,  and  to 
report  at  the  annual  exhibition.  Henry  Wager,  of  New  York,  Chairman. 

The  Committee  on  the  remaining  entries  in  Class  97, — Messrs.  Wm.  Stewart,  H. 
S.  Finley  and  H.  Barnes,  report  the  following  awards  of  the  regular  premiums  of- 
fered, and  recommend  other  discretionary  premiums,  [which  are  awarded,] 

Best  Horse  Rake,  M.  Bradley,  Dundee,  Illinois, Silver  Medal. 

Best  six  Hay  Rakes,  Lathrop  &  McNaughton,  Jackson,  Michigan,.  .Bronze  Medal. 
Best  Grain  Cradles,  Lathrop  &  McNaughton,  Jackson,  Michigan,.  .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  grass  Scythes,  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Sc3'the  Snaithes,  W.  H.  Kreitsinger  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal 

Best  Hay  Forks,  horse  powei-,  S.  Bullock,  Bradford,  Pa., Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Sickles,  J.  P.  Manny,  Rockford,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Fanning  Mill,  Bean  &  Wright,  Hudson,  Michigan, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do,  J.  A.  Kvahe,  Alden,  New  York, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  clover-seed  Harvester,  H.  D.  Emery,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Feeding  Machine,  H.  M.  Abbe,  Connecticut, Bronze  Medal. 


At  Chicago^  Illinois,    September,  1859. 


263 


Best  Mowing  Machine  Knives,  Whitman  &  Mills,  Massachusetts Certificate. 

Best  Bean  Harvester,  R.  L.  Howard,  Buffalo,  New  York,   Certificate. 

Best  Corn  Hai'vester,  Cogswell  &  Matthewson,  Ottawa,  Illinois, Certificate. 

Best  Hemp  and  Flax  Breaker,  H.  A.  Pitts,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Best  Combined  Harvester,  W.  Wilmington,  Toledo,  Ohio Certificate. 

Best  Grain  Assorting  Machine,  Wallace  Warren,  Utica,  New  York,.  . .  .Certificate. 

W,  Stfavart,  Chairman. 
CLASS  98.    BARN  AND  GRANARY  MACHINES. 
Best  Corn  and  Cob  Mill,  Hunt,  Browner  &  Co.,  Louisville,  Kentucky,  Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  F.  McLean.  Aurora,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Portable  Flour  Mill,  J.  W.  Baxter  &  Co..  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  J.  T.  Noye,  Buffalo,  New  York, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Corn  Husker,  D.  C.  Smith,  Tecumseh,  Michigan Silver  Medal. 

Best  Corn  Sheller,  A.  M.  Cook,  Milford,  Massachusetts, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  A.  Adams  &  Co.,  Sandoval,  Illinois Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Corn  Stalk  Cutter  and  Grinder,  "  Cummings'  Patent."*  G.  B. 

Griffin,  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania, , -Silver  Medal. 


Second  do.  11.  I).  Emery  &  Co.,  C'liiracro, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Hay  and  Straw  \  'utter,  "  Cummings"  Patent,''  Chapman  &  May,  Silver  Medal. 

*Cummings'  Patent  Adjustable  Combined  Hay,  Straw,  and  Corn-Stalk  Cutter,  receiv- 
ed the  first  premiums  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Society  at  Louisville,  in  1857,  and 
at  Richmond,  in  1858.  It  is  a  combined  machine,  cutting  equally  well  Hay,  Straw  and 
Corn-Stalks,  crushing  the  Stalks  before  cutting  them,  making  them  fine,  so  that  they  are 
readily  eaten  by  cattle  or  horses,  etfecting  a  saving  in  Corn-Stalks  of  more  than  one  hun- 
dred per  cent,  over  the  old  way  of  feeding  whole  or  cuttins  the  Stalk  in  chunks.  The 
knives  cut  upward,  not  coming  in  contact  with  the  dirt  and  grit,  and,  in  consequence, 
keeping  sharp  a  great  length  of  time.  They  are  adapted  to  either  horse  or  hand  power 
without  any  changing.     They  are  perfectly  free  from  dogs,  catches,  or  any  trinkets  to 

fet  out  of  repair,  and  consequently  can  be  worked  by  common  handa  with  perfect  safety. 
he  knives  are  entirely  covered  up,  which  removes  all  danger  from  them,  and  the  ma- 
chines are  built  of  the  very  best  niateriai  and  workmanship. 


264  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

Second  do.  Bean  &  Wright,  Hudson,  Michigan, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Sorgho  Mill,  Hunt,  Browner  &  Co.,  Louisville,  Kentucky, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  Douglas  &  Cooper,  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Hay  Press,  Chapman  &  May,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Chicago, .Bronze  Medal. 

[The  follovring  Discretionary  Premiums  have  been  awarded  in  accordance  with 
the  recommendation  of  this  Committee.  Some  of  the  articles  had  been  entered  in 
other  classes  by  the  Entry  Clerks,  and  placed  on  the  books  of  other  committees, 
but  the  recommendations  of  the  Committee  have  been  adopted,  excepting  where 
they  came  in  conflict  with  those  of  committees  to  which  the  same  articles  had  been 
directly  referred.] 

Taggart's  Flour  Packer,  J.  W.  Baxter,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Turner's  Grain  Separator,  J.  W.  Baxter,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Turner's  Combined  Smutter  and  Separator,  J.  W.  Baxter,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Burr  Mill  Stones,  J.  W.  Baxter,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Corn  and  Cob  Mill,  with  sheller,  G.  Shippard,  Peoria,  Illinois, Diploma. 

Portable  Iron  Grist  Mill,  Amos  Barr,  Cincinnati, Diploma. 

Cider  Mill,  Hooker  &  Jones,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Hominy  Mill,  J.  Donaldson,  Mount  Morris,  Illinois, Diploma. 

Mill  and  Mill  Stone  Dress,  G.  W.  Lay,  Jefferson,  Texas, Diploma. 

Sorgho  Evaporator,  Blymeyer,  Bates  &  Co., Diploma. 

Flour  Packer,  J.  T.  Noye,  Buff'alo,  New  York, Certificate. 

Smut  Mill,  J.  A.  Wiley,  Bryan,  Ohio, Certificate. 

L-on  Bridge-tree  and  Train-block,  J.  W.  Baxter,  Chicago Certificate. 

Wrought  iron  damsel  and  hoisting  screw,  J.  W.  Baxter, .^ Certificate. 

Cider  Mill,  G.  B.  Griffin,  Madison,  Wisconsin,   Certificate. 

Feed  Mill,  R.  L.  Howard,  Buff'alo,  N^v  York, Certificate. 

Sorgho  Evaporator,  Douglas  &  Cooper,  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio, Certificate. 

Metallic  Saccharometer,  F.  W.  Dubois,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Farm  Mill  for  corn  meal,  Mr.  Burnett, Certificate. 

Charles  M.  Gray,  of  Illinois,  CJiairman. 

CLASS  99 — FARM  AND  GARDEN  TOOLS. 

Best  spades,    Waters,   Lathrop    &   Co.,  Jackson,  Michigan Silver   Medal. 

Best  shovels,  Waters,  Lathrop  &  Co.,  Jackson,  Michigan Bronze  Medal. 

Best  heavy  hoes,  W.  H.  Kreitsinger,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  light  hoes,  W.  H.  Kreitsinger,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  iron  rakes,  W.  H.  Kreitsinger  &  Co.,  Chicago .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  hedge-shears,  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  jack-screws,  J.  W.  Brooks,  President  Mich.  Cent.  R.  R.  Co. . .  .Bronze  Medal. 
Best  grindstones,  J.  B.  Johnson,  Cleveland,  Ohio Bronze  Medal- 
Best  ox-yoke,  J.  Deere,  Moline,  Id Bronze  Medal. 

Best  manure  and   digging  forks,  Waters,  Lathrop  &  McNaughton. 

Jackson,  Michigan Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  of  hoes  and  forks,  AY.  H.  Kreitsinger,  Chicago. .  .Diploma  of  Honor. 

F.  G.  Cart,  of  Ohio,  Chairman. 


At  Chicago^  Illinois,  September,  1859.  265 

[^4  special  premium  for  the  best  grindstones,  offered  by  P.  W.  Gates,  Esq.,  of 
Chicago,  was  awarded  to  J.  B.  Johnson,  of  Ohio,  whose  "  Lake  Huron  grindstones" 
received  the  medal.] 

CLASS  100.     AGRICULTURAL  CONVl-lNIENCES. 
Best  windmill  for  pumping,  U.  S.  Wind  Engine  Company,  Chicago.  .Silver  Medal. 

Second  do  J.  M.  May,  Janesvillc,  Wisconsin Bronze  Medal. 

Best  farm  pump,  A.  D.  Baker,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  drain  tile — round,  E.  Harland,  Joliet,  Illinois Bronze  Medal. 

Best  drain  tile, — sole, —  E.  Harland,  Joliet,  Illinois Bronze  Medal. 

Best  farm  sawmill,  W.  Cady,  Laporte,  Indiana Silver  Medal. 

Best  self-opening  gate.  The  Committee  award  the  Silver  Medal  offered  in  the 
premium  list  to  the  gate  of  W.  Sherwood,  of  Beloit,  Wisconsin,  because  they  con- 
sider it  the  best  self-opening  gate  under  all  circumstances  ;  but  its  expense  would 
prevent  its  use,  except  for  entrances  and  principal  points.  Therefore  recommend  a 
discretionary  premium  to  A.  J.  Hamilton,  of  Lacon,  Illinois,  for  his  gate,  because 
of  its  cheapness,  simplicity,  and  general  adaptability  to  the  farmer's  use.  [Bronze 
Medal  awarded.]  Mr.  Hamilton,  states  that  his  "gearing  "  is  applicable  to  all  sM'ino-- 
gates,  as  they  stand,  and  that  the  cost  of  ironing  will  not  exceed  $3.00. 

For  portable  fences  no  premium  was  offered,  but  several  patterns  were  exhibited. 
Your  Committee  are  not  convinced  of  the  utility  of  portable  fences  on  prairies;  but 
for  temporary  purposes,  such  as  enclosing  stacks  or  yards,  such  a  fence  may  be 
serviceable.  Between  the  fences  of  Carhart  &  Brothers  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  and 
J.  H.  Parsons  of  Bloomington,  Illinois,  there  is  but  little  choice ;  but  the  Com- 
mittee prefer  the  Carhart  system  of  corner-locks,  and  its  adjustability  to  uneven 
surfaces.     [Certificate  of  Merit  awarded  to  Carhart  &  Brothers,  for  portable  fence.] 

The  Committee  recommend  a  discretionary  premium  [Certificate  of  Merit 
awarded]  to  the  United  States  Wind  Engine  and  Pump  Company,  Chicago,  for  their 
Curtis  railroad  pump. 

Scales  and  portable  saw-mills  having  been  assigned  to  this  Committee,  and  to 
that  in  Class  103,  have  been  exclusively  judged  by  that  Committee.  Bee-hives  and 
honey  have  been  judged  by  a  Special  Committee. 

H.  S.  Olcott,  of  Nevv  York,  Chairman. 

The  Special  Committee  on  bee-hives  (fifteen  entries)  and  honey,  report:  We  have 
rarely  seen  so  much  competition,  in  the  point  of  method  and  results  obtained  as  in 
the  display  of  beehives  presented  for  examination. 

"We  would  premise,  that  in  the  successful  management  of  the  honey-bee  from 
long  experience,  a  few  principles  have  been  settled. 

First.  The  simplicity  of  the  hive. 

Second.  Such  construction  of  the  hive,  all  other  things  being  equal,  as  will  o-Jve 
the  apiarian  most  complete  control,  at  all  times,  of  the  bees. 

Third.  To  see  at  a  glance,  by  a  glazed  side,  (closed  by  a  door  or  other  means) 
the  condition  of  the  bees. 

Fourth.  Ease  of  taking  honey,  and  taking  it  in  such  form  as  is  best  fitted  for 
family  use  or  market. 

Efforts  to  guard  against  the  miller,  other  than  those  furnished  by  the  fore"-oino- 
particulars,  ape  deemed  useless. 

The  moveable  frame,  both  of  the  body  of  the  hive  and  the  store-boxes,  is  es- 
teemed a  valuable  improvement. 

34 


266  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

Cn  these  principles  the  Committee,  although  they  find  great  difficulty  in  deciding 
between  the  numerous  hives  entered,  recommend  the  award  of  a  Silver  Medal,  as 
ilie  first  premium,  to  the  hive  of  L.  L.  Langstroth,  exhibited  by  R.  C.  Otis,  of  Ke- 
nosha, Wisconsin,  as  'possessing  all  the  above  advantages,  the  hive  being  con- 
structed and  for  sale  by  the  agent  at  one  dollar  and  twenty-five  cents. 

The  same  principles  are  observed,  in  the  management  of  bees,  by  the  hive  of 
Edward  Townley,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio  ;  but  the  hive  is  more  expensive  in  its  con- 
•  struction.  The  Committee  recommend  the  award  of  a  Brotize  Medal,  as  the  second 
premium,  to  this  hive. 

The  Committee  regard  with  favor,  and  recommend  as  good  hives  those  entered 
by  Cyrus  Gibbs,  of  Chicago,  and  by  J.  Hartison,  of  Chenango,  Pennsylvania. 
They  recommend  the  award  of  a  Certificate  of  Merit  to  each. 

The  Committee  recommend  the  award  of  lliree  Dollars  (the  first  premium)  for 
the  specimens  of  honey  exhibited  by  A.  F.  Moore,  of  PaAv-Paw,  Michigan ;  and 
Iwo  Dollars  (the  second  premium)  to  Edward  Townley,  of  Cincinnati.  In  these 
awards  for  honey,  the  merits  of  the  hives  in  which  the  specimens  were  made,  are 
not  taken  into  consideration. 

Many  other  specimens  of  honey  presented  were  fine  ;  and  if  they  did  not  receive 
a  premium,  they  will  command  the  highest  market  prices. 

F.  G.  Gary,  of  Ohio,  Chairman. 

CLASS  101.    HOUSEHOLD  BIPLEMENTS. 

Best  apparatus  for  heating  houses,  H.  G.  Buckley,  Michigan Silver  Medal. 

Second  do  do  Rathbone  &  Co.,  Albany,  N.  Y.  Bronze  Medal. 

'Best  apparatus  for  lighting  houses.  Hill's  Oil  Gaslight,  with  E.  Hall 

Covin's  Generator,  Proctor  &  Co.,  Chicago Silver  Medal. 

Best  hand-loom,  Benjamin  Chase,  Barrington,  Illinois Silver  Medal. 

Best  wool  wheel.  Hooker  &  Jones,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  wool  folder,  R.  M.  D.  Edwards,  Tecumseh,  Michigan Certificate 

Best  churn,  S.  Johnson,  Aurora,  Illinois Silver  Medal. 

Second  do     R.  P.  Wilson,  New  York  City Bronze  Medal. 

Best  butter  worker,  W.  Guihrie,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  cheese-press,  S,  Cope,  Fairfield,  Illinois Silver  Medal. 

Second       do  J.  B,  Warner,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  cheese  vat,  H.  D.  Emery,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  washing  machine,  J.  S.  Pond,  Cleveland,  Ohio Bronze  Medal. 

Second         do  G.  W.  Stickney,  Freeport,  lUniois Diploma. 

Third  do  J.  A.  Atwater,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan Certificate, 

Best  sausage  meat  cutter,  H.  D  Emery,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  brooms,  E.  C.  Warner,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  sewing  machine,  '  Wheeler  &  Wilson's."*  G.  R.  Chittenden. . .  .Silver  Medal. 

Second        do  "  Grover  &  Baker's  " Bronze  Medal. 

.  ,  ,  5  "  Singers  " Diploma. 

-^^^'^■^  ^°  I  "  Finkle  &  Lyons  " Diploma. 

Fourth         do  "Howe's" Certificate. 

Best  display  kitchen  utensils.  H.  C.  Vanschaack,  Chicago Silver  Medal. 

Best  apple-parer.  Skinner  &  Paxton,  Marietta,  Ohio Bronze  Medal. 

Best  burning  fluid,  Carl,  Fabian  &  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

*  A  cut  of  this  machine  will  he  found  at  the  close  of  the  regular  awards. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  267 

Best  lamp Bronze  Medal. 

Best  clothes-horse,  L.  B.  Waterman,  Chicago Bronze  Medal 

Second         do  D.  Johnson,  Chicago Certificate 

Best  coffee-pot,  J.  H.  Frecto,  Wheaton,  Illinois Diploma 

Best  carpet  sweeper,  "  Shailer's,"  E.  B.  Rogers,  Connecticut Bronze  Medal 

Best  water  filter,  "  Kedzies,"  James  Terry,  Rochester,  New  York Diploma 


rERRY'S  WATER  FILTER. 

Best  gas  stove,  W  alworth,  Hubbard  &  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Model  of  Churchman's  heating  and  ventilating  apparatus Certificate, 

Gas  meter  power,  James  Brown,  Chicago Certificate. 

^  C.  J.  Hammond,  of  Illinois.  Chairman. 

CLASS  102.  CARTS,  WAGONS,  &c. 
Best  large  horse  wagon,  J.  M.  Steed,  baker.  South  Bend,  Indiana. . . .  Silver  Medal. 

Best  small  horse  wagon,  G.  Wettel  and,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  market  wagon,  H.  Whitbeck,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  truck  wagon,  A.  H.  Wise,  Rockford,  Illinois „ . . .  .Bronze  Medal 

Best  horse  cart,  H.  L.  Anderson,  Chicago Bronze  Medal, 

Display  of  coal-carts,  Price,  Morris  &  Co.,  Chicago Diploma. 

Model  of  Wagon,  with  s^mng  brace,  L.  B.  Wakeman,  Rockfor  J,  Illinois.  Certificate. 

J.  A.  Green,  of  Iowa,  Cliairman. 
CLASS  103.     STEAM  ENGINES,  RAILROAD  ROLLING  STOCK,  MACHINERY,  &c. 
Best  stationary  steam  engine,  Gates,  Warner,  Chalmers  &  Frazer. . . .  Silver  Medal. 
Second  do  John  T.  Noye,  Buffalo,  New  York.  . .  .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  portable  engine,  Higgins,  Mowry  &  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medi^. 

Best  steam-governor,  Gates,  Warner,  Chal  mers  &  Fraser Bronze  jMedal. 

Second     do  W.  H.   Doane,  Chicago Diploma. 

Best  stationary  sawmill,  W.  M.  Ferry,  Jr.,  Ferrj'sburg,  Michigan. . .  .Silver  Medal. 

The  portable  sawmills  could  not  be  operated.  Tato  were  on  the  ground  and 
were  excellent  machines,  and  the  Committee  recommend  a  Bronze  Medal  to  each 
exhibitor  :  W.  M.  Ferry,  Jr.,  Ferrysburgh,  Michigan,  and  G.  W.  Chapman  &  Co., 
Chicago. 

Three  sliingle  machines  only  were  found  in  o])eration.  The  Committee  recom- 
mend the  award  of  a  Bronze  Medal  each  to  Amos  S.  Myrick,  Chicago,  for  his 
shaving  machine,  and  to  P.  E.  Meriken,  of  Chicago,  for  his  sawing  machine.  Also, 
a  Diploma  to  D.  M.  Boyd,  patentee,  and  T.  E.  Holbrook,  owoer,  for  their  shingle 
machine. 

Laihe  macliincs.  The  Committee  a^rard  the  Silver  Medal,  for  the  best  lathe  ma- 
chine, to  W.  Schley,  of  Augusta,  Georgia,  for  a  very  ingenious,  effective  and  valu- 
able machine.  The  Bronze  Medal,  for  the  second  best  machine,  to  J.  L,  Brown,  of 
Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

Barrel  macMnes.     None  on  exhibition. 


268  Seventh  Annual  ExJdbition,  { 

Scales.  [By  an  error  of  the  printer  of  the  premium  list,  the  premiums  offered 
for  platform  scales  in  this  Class,  ■were  also  offered  in  Class  100,  and  the  entries  at 
these,  at  the  request  of  that  Committee,  were  transferred  to  Class  103.]  The  Com- 
mittee award  the  Silver  Medal,  for  the  best  platform  scales  for  weighing  hay,  coal 
and  cattle,  to  Fairbanks  &  Greenleaf,  of  Chicago  ;  and  the  Bronze  Medal,  for  the 
second  best,  to  P.  W.  Gates  &  Co.,  of  Chicago  ;  both  of  the  scales  exhibited  did 
great  credit  to  the  manufacturers.  The  display  of  counter-scales,  to  Fairbanks  & 
Greenleaf,  of  Chicago ;  and  the  Bronze  Medal,  for  the  second  best,  to  P.  W.  Gates  & 
Co.,  of  Chicago.  Both  of  the  scales  exhibited  did  great  credit  to  the  manufac- 
turers. The  display  of  counter  scales  was  uncommonly  excellent,  and  worthy  of 
special  commendation  to  the  exhibitors.  The  Committee  award  the  Silver  Medal, 
for  the  best  counter  scales,  to  Fairbanks  &  Greenleaf,  of  Chicago,  and  the  Bronze 
Medal,  for  the  second  best,  to  P.  M.  Gates  &  Co.,  of  Chicago.  Railroad  scales, 
entered  and  exhibited  by  Fairbanks,  Greenleaf  &  Co.,  (and  for  which  no  premium 
was  offered),  were  of  such  superior  quality  and  excellence,  and  so  much  needed  in 
the  whole  country,  that  the  Committee  feel  it  to  be  their  duty  to  recommend  to  the 
Executive  Committee  to  award  a  Special  Diploma,  in  commendation  of  these  val- 
uable and  useful  scales.  The  Committee  award  to  Fairbanks  &  Greenleaf,  Chicago 
the  Society's  Diploma  for  the  best  display  of  every  variety  of  scale,  and  consider 
the  exhibition  one  of  the  best  they  have  ever  seen.  To  P.  W.  Gates  &  Co.,  whose 
exhibition  was  a  very  superior  one,  and  but  little  less  perfect  than  the  other,  the 
Committee  recommend  the  special  commendation  of  the  Society. 

Store  Trucks.  The  Committee  award  the  Bronze  Medal,  for  the  the  best  store 
trucks,  to  P.  W.  Gates  &  Co.,  Chicago,  whose  display  was  in  every  way  of  excel- 
lent manufacture. 

The  Slonc-breakinj  Macliine,  entered  by  J.  &  W.  H.  Scoville,  of  Chicago,  was  ex- 
amined while  in  operation  on  the  prairie,  and  its  performance  was  such  as  to  satisfy 
the  Committee  of  its  great  value.  The  machine,  when  in  operation,  was  driven  by 
a  ten  horse-power  engine,  and  broke,  with  great  rapidity,  the  stone  into  suitable 
size  for  macadamizing,  averaging  about  thirty  cords  per  day,  although  its  capacity 
is  fifty  cords.  The  breaking  is  performed  by  upright  serrated  or  teethed  chilled 
rollers,  between  which  the  stones  pass  from  an  iron  hopper,  in  which  they  are  held 
until  drawn  in  between  the  rollers.  A  load  of  stone,  which  measured  one-tenth  of 
a  cord,  was  broken  up  and  delivered  into  a  wagon  in  fifty-five  seconds.  We  re- 
commend the  award  of  a  Silver  Medal,  to  J.  &  W.  H.  Scoville,  for  the  best  stone- 
breaking  machine. 

Another  machine,  entered  by  the  Chicago  Stone,  Coal  and  Mining  Company 
Avas  examined.  This  machine,  like  the  other,  has  rollers,  and  is  operated  by  steam. 
The  rollers  are  fixed  horizontally  ;  but  the  machine  has  not  the  advantage  of  the 
teethed  hopper,  and  is  not  capable  of  In'eaking  freely  as  large  stone  as  the  other. 
It  is,  however,  an  excellent  machine,  and  does  its  work  well.  "We  recommend  the 
award  of  a  Bronze  Medal. 

Jlailroad  Cars.  The  C'ommittee  had  referred  to  them  a  train  of  passenger  and 
other  cars,  entered  by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  at  whosp  works  they  were 
constructed.     The  following  cars  were  examined  : 

A  first-class  pas.senger  car,  fitted  with  Case's  patent  seats,  and  afirst-class  sleep- 
ing car,  Avith  Case's  patent  seats  and  couches,  being  one  of  six  in  daily  use  on  the 
road.  These  cars  on  "  The  Michigan  Central  six- wheel  truck,'  which,  for  ease  .'  nd 
safety,  are  very  generally  approved. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  269 

A  Drover's  sleeping-car,  of  those  in  daily  use  on  the  road,  as  constructed,  is  of 
great  strength,  and  can  be  placed  in  any  part  of  a  heavy  train  with  safety ;  and  its 
interior  arrangement  is  such  as  to  contribute  to  the  comfort  of  the  men  in  charge 
of  stock. 

A  combina«tion  freight  car,  in  use  upon  the  road,  is  adapted  to  carrying  all  kinds 
of  bulk,  rolling  fi-eight,  &c.,  as  well  as  stock,  and  is  admirably  adapted  to  the  pur- 
poses for  which  it  is  used. 

The  Committee  consider  these  cars  as  decidedly  an  improvement  upon  any  which 
have  come  under  their  examination.  The  Society  and  the  public  are  indebted  to  the 
managers  of  the  road  for  these  substantial  and  convenient  cars ;  and  it  is  respect- 
fully recommended  to  the  Executive  Committee  to  award  to  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad  Company  a  Silver  Medal  and  Diploma. 

B.  P.  JoHxsoN,  of  New  York,  Chairman. 

The  Sub-Committee, — Messrs.  John  B.  Turner,  P.  A.  Hall,  and  W.  S.  Johnson, 

upon  "  Locomotive  Engines,  would  respectfully  report  the  following  details  of  their 
examination  : 

The  passenger  locomotive  "  Challenge,"  entered  for  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road Company,  by  R.  N.  Rice, '  General  Superintendent,  was  built  by  that 
company  at  their  shop  in  Detroit,  in  the  year  18o4,  since  which  time  it  has  per- 
formed almost  daily  service.  It  was  run  by  Geo.  W.  Latimer,  engineer,  the  first 
thirteen  months  38,000  miles  without  repairs.  Has  inside  connection ,  cylinder 
16  by  20  ;  driving  wheels  wrought  5^  feet ;  sink  motion  ;  boiler  06  in.  shell ,  160 
fluffs,  2  in.  by  10  feet ;  furnace  52  inches  ;  weight  26  tons.  The  valve  gear  of  this 
locomotive  is  highly  commendable  ;  the  tender  and  trucks  well  constructed. 

Freight  Locomotive  "  Hector,"  built  by  the  same  company,  in  1856;  is  a  fair  ex- 
ample of  ten  of  same  construction  and  general  dimensions.  Has  outside  connec- 
tions ;  cylinder  16  by  22  ;  driving  wheels,  4  feet  10  ;  boiler  56  in.  shell  ;  140 
flues,  10  feet  long,  sink  motion ;  weight  28  tons.  Tendon  all  constructed  after 
same  pattern,  that  they  may  fit  each  engine.  The  working  capacity  of  this  loco- 
motive has  been  a  train  of  thirty-five  cars,  one  hundred  barrels  flour  in  each. 

Both  of  these  locomotives  are  constructed  for  burning  M'ood,  and  have  been  taken 
from  the  working  trains  on  the  road. 

The  Chicago,  Burlington,  and  Quincy  Railroad  Co.  entered  by  C.  G.  Hammond, 
General  Superintendent,  coal-burning  Locomotive  "  No.  47,"  built  at  Mancliester, 
New  Hampshire,  in  1857  ;  altered  and  improved  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington,  and 
Quincy  Company  in  their  shop  at  Aurora.  The  fire  box  is  divided  by  an  inclined 
water  bridge,  reaching  from  front  of  furnace,  to  which  it  is  attached  and  forq-ting  a 
part,  to  within  thirteen  inches  of  back  end.  The  fire  being  built  underneath,  takes 
the  direction  of  a  curve,  passing  over  the  bridge  to  the  flues.  Atmospheric  air  is 
admitted  at  several  points  over  the  fire,  through  hollow  stay-liolts.  This 
plan  of  construction  is  simple,  easily  repaired,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  your  Com- 
mittee, better  adapted  for  the  successful  burning  of  Illinois  coal  than  an)-  otlier 
that  has  come  within  their  observation. 

The  engine  has  subside  connection  ;  cylinder  16  by  24  ;  driving  wheel  4  feet  10; 
boiler  46  inch  shell;  126  flues,  10^  feet  long;  weight  28  tons  ;  fire-box  of  copper. 
This  engine  will  now  average,  with  train  of  30  cars,  one  hundred  barrels  flour  to 
the  car,  43  to  45  miles  to  a  ton  of  Illinois  coal. 

Passenger  coal-burning  Locomotive,  "  Pluto,"  belonging;  to  the  Illinois  Central 


270  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition ^ 

Kailroad  Company,  and  entered  by  S.  J.  Hager,  M.  M.  This  engine  was  built  at 
Taunton,  Massachusetts,  but  has  been  materially  altered  by  Mr.  Hager,  -with  a 
view  of  more  perfect  combustion  of  coal.  No  experiment  has  been  made  for  test- 
ino-  the  efficiency  of  this  improvement,  but  scientific  principles  are  kept  in  view, 
and  a  good  result  may  be  anticipated.  The  furnace  is  of  3^-inch  copper;  62  inch 
long  ;  353^  inch  wide  ;  62  inch,  high  ;  143  brass  flues,  2  inch  by  9^  feet.  The  en- 
tire heating  surface  about  823  square  ft.  The  whole  grate  surface  15  square  ft.;  but 
dead  plates  extending  on  all  sides  reduce  the  actual  grate  surface  to  5  square  ft. ;  the 
air-passages  through  grates  about  li  square  ft,  and  that  through  sides  and  back  of 
furnace  about  2  square  ft.  There  are  4  cast-iron  plates,  30  by  18  by  U  in.,  projecting 
obliquely  upwards,  beginning  from  lower  part  of  combustion  chamber,  and  extend- 
ing backwards  to  centre  of  furnace  ;  and  two  similar  plates  projecting  downwards 
from  the  crown  sheet.  These  plates  are  intended  to  act  as  the  ordinary  bridge 
walls,  and  also  to  mix  the  air  with  and  ignite  the  gases  as  they  pass  to  the  cc-mbus- 
tion  chamber.  Cylinder  15  by  22  ;  driving  wheels,  5i  feet,  outside  connection ; 
weight  26  tons. 

Your   Committee    will    suggest    the    following   awards :    "  Challenge,"   Silver 
Medal;  "  No.  47,"  Bronze  Medal;  "  Pluto,"  Dijyloma  ;  "  Hector,"  Diploma. 

John  B.  Turner,  Chairman. 

The  following  awards  were  recommended  by  a   Sub-Committee,  consisting  of 
Messrs.  C.  G.  Hammond,  G.  L.  Dunlap,  and  P.  A.  Hall : 

Best  railroad  switch  and  car  spring,  D.  Johnson,  Chicago Certificate. 

Best  locomotive  turn-table.  Perry  &  Bliss Certificate. 

Best  "  low  water  detector,"  for  steam  boiler,  Walworth,  Hubbard  & 

Co Bronze  Medal. 

Best  steam  guage,  American  Steam  Guage  Co , Bronze  Medal. 

Best  guage  cock,  Walworth,  Hubbard  &  Co.  Chicago Diploma. 

Second      do         Hamilton,  Chicago Certificate. 

Plan  for  charging  high  pressure  boilers,  S.  Walker Certificate. 

Fire  upsetting  machine,  E.  J.  Dodge,  Ozarkee,  Wisconsin Certificate. 

Power-punch,  K.  Smith,  Peoria,  Illinois Certificate. 

C.  G.  Hajimonj),  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

Another  sub-committee,  consisting  of  Messrs.  L.  W.  Walker,  L.  P.  White,  and 
A.  J.  Boyden,  recommended  the  following  awards  : 

Sash  and  blind  machinery,  H.  B.  Smith,  Lowell,  Mass., Silver  Medal. 

Planing  Machines,  J.  M.  Farrar,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Water' wheel,  T.  W.  Baxter  &  Co.,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Morticing  machine,  Lovett  Fames,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan, Bronze  Medal. 

Power  Punch,  Charles  B.  Brown,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Tye-casting  machine,  D.  L.  Dodge,  Chicago,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Sash-making  machine,  W.  H.  Doane,  Chicago, Certificate. 

A\''atch-making  machine,  John  Yeller,  Neutria,  Illinois, Certificate. 

Brick  press,  11.  S.  Prime,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Mill-stone,  curb  and  hopper,  T.  W.  Baxter  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Sleeping-car  seats.  Draper  &  Stone,  Milwaukie,  Wisconsin, Certificate. 

Turning  lathe,  "V^' illiam  Pell,  Atlanta,  Illinois, Certificate. 

E-  W.  AValker,  Chairman. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  271 

CLASS   104.    FOUNDEll'S  WOllKMANSHIP. 

Best  farmer's  boiler,  H.  G.  Bulklcy,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  L.  Newbury  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  sugar  evaporator,  "  Cooks," Bronze  Medal. 

Best  large  oven-stove,  for  wood,  J    "  The  Economist,"  Treadwell,   )    Silver  Medal. 

Do.  for  coal,     /  Terry  &  Norton',  Albany,  N.  Y.,  |  Silver  Medal. 

Best  parlor  stove,  for  wood,  II.  G.  Bulklcy,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan,.. .Bronze  Medal. 

T,  ^j.  1    S  "  The  Blazing  Star,"  Treadwell,  Terry  ?    ,,  ^,r    i  , 

Do  for  coal,  <  t,    at     ^         a  n  Vt       v    i  }    Bronze  Medal. 

'  ^&  Norton,  Albany,  JMcw  lork ^ 

Best  Iron  grates,  J.  G.  Henderson,  Albany,  New  York, Bronze  Medal. 

Second       do         Chicago  Marble  Company,  Chicago,   Certificate. 

Best  machine  casting.  Converse,  Young  &  Hyde,  Chicago, Bronze  Nedal. 

Best  display  of  bells,  Vincent,  Himrod  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  of  castings,  Illinois  Central  Car-works, Diploma  of  Honor. 

Cooking-range,  D.  L.  Boone,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Boiler  for  stoves,  O.  S.  Campo,  Fairfield,  Iowa, Certificate. 

Heating  and  ventilating  stove,  Lester  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Cast  iron  pipe,  J.  M.  Johnson,  Chicago,   Certificate. 

Adjustable  stove-pipe  elbow,  A.  H.  Tucker,  Millford,  Michigan, Certificate. 

S.  D.  Childs,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

[The  Executive  Committee  award  a  Silver  Medal  to  Ellsworth  &  Hughes,  for 

Harrison's  patent  Kitchener  and  European  Range.] 

CLASS  105.     WORKED  METALS. 

Best  horse-shoes,  Henry  G.  Binder,  Waukegan,  Illinois, Silver  Medal. 

Second       do         J.  H.  Backus,  Grand  Detour,  Michigan, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  horse-shoe  nails.  J.  N.  Dickson,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  cut  nails,  J.  N.  Dickson,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  bolts,  James  Perry,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  screws,  H.  W.  Hall,  New  York, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  of  wire  work,  Honore,  Hall  &  Co.,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do,  James  W.  Reed,  Lockport,  New  York,. .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  of  copper  works,  E.  A.  Mueller,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do,  H.  C.  Van  Schaack,  Chicago,. Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  of  gas-fittings,  J.  H.  Gerould,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  display  of  lamps,  "Hale's  coal-oil  lamps,"  C.  L.  Noble,  Chicago,  Silver  Medal. 
Best  display  of  carpenter's  tools,  Ryerson  &  Morse,  Waukegan,  Mich.,  Silver  Medal. 
Brace  and  bits,  James  Sargeant,  Shelburne  Falls,  Massachusetts,.  ..Bronze  Medal. 

Rock  drill,  Ives  Scovill,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Apparatus  for  moving  buildings,  J.  S.  Mclntire,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Self-retaining  vice,  H.  C.  Hunt,  Ottumna,  Iowa, Certificate. 

Carriage  springs  and  axles,  S.  Morony,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Shower  bath,  Joseph  Mansfield,  Jefferson,  Wisconsin, Certificate. 

George  W.  Calkins,  of  Wisconsin,  Chairman. 
CLASS  106.    BUILDERS'  WORKMANSHIP  AND  MATERIALS. 

Best  doors,  S.  J.  Ptussell,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  windows-blinds,  S.  J.  Russell,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  mantle-pieces,  Chicago  Marble  Company,  Chicago, BronzeMedal. 

Best  shingles  and  clapboards,  Henry  Howland  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  sawed  lumber,  Eldred  &  Balcom,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 


272  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition^ 

Best  graining,  (wood,)  Charles  Stephens,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  painting,  (stone,)  Charles  Stejihens,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  ornamental  window,  E.  Cook,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  barrel  lime,  Van  Schaack  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  roofing  composition.  Lister  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Berry's  fire-bricks,  Warren  Drummond,  Woodbridge,  New  Jersey,.  .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  scroll-sawing,  A.  F.  Allen,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Metal  Roofing,  D.  W.  Cross,  Cleveland,  Ohio, Certificate. 

B.oofing  composition,  F.  J.  McLane,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Window-sash  fastener,  J.  M.  Hodge,  Bolivar,  Ohio, Certificate. 

Wrought  iron  beam.  Stone,  Chisholm  &  Jones,  Cleveland,  Ohio, Certificate. 

Ornamental  signs,  Chambers  &  Dubois,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Machine-dressed  stone,  A.  S.  Merriam  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Bricks,  Penny  &  Macham,  Brickion,  Illinois,.    Certificate. 

Model  of  gate,  D.  W.  Comstock,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Display  of  lumber,  Henry  Howland  &  Co., Diploma. 

AsHUR  Carter,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS   107.     CABINET  MAKERS'  WORKMANSHIP. 

Best  set  of  cottage  furniture,  Sheaver,  Paine  &  Strong,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  display  drawing-room  furniture,  A.  Fredin,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  mahogany  chairs,  Sheaver,  Paine  &  Strong,  Chicago,. Bronze  Medal. 

Best  rosewood  sofa,  Sheaver,  Paine  &  Strong,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Bedstead,  E.  C.  Favor,  Chicago,. Bronze  Medah 

Best  table,  M.  Quimbly,  WatertOAtn,  Wisconsin, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  kitchen  furniture,  C.  G.  Pease,  Concord,  Ohio, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  school  furniture,  George  Sherwood,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  wood  carving,  Edward  Power,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  mattresses,  A.  N.  Atwood,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  rustic  work,  S.  H.  Kerfoot,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

N.  M.  Abbe,  of  Connecticut,  Chairman. 
[Discretionary  Premiums  recommended  by  the  Committee  for  Billiard  Tables 
were  not  awarded  by  the  Executive  Commmittee.] 

CLASS  108.     CARRIAGE  MAKERS'  WORKMANSHIP. 

Best  two-horse  close  carriage,  H.  B.  Hill,  agent,  Chicago Silver  Medal. 

Best  two-horse  open  carriage,  John  Davlin,  Chicago Silver  Medal 

Best  open  buggy,  Burgess  &  Wilson,  Chicago , Silver  Medal. 

Second    do,  James  Stokes,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  trotting  sulkey,  George   Penvoyer,  Chicago Silver  Medal. 

Top  buggy,  John  Klapp,  Chicago Silver  Medal. 

Trotting  wagon,  George  Pennoyer,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Pleasure  Sleigh,  John  L.  Crofoot,  Mishawauke,  Indiana Bronze  Medal. 

One-horse  buggy,  H.  Hill,  Chicago Certificate. 

Cutter  Sleigh,  First  &  Bradley,  Chicago Certificate . 

Top  buggy,  H.  Willets,  Chicago > Certificate. 

Extension-top  carriage,  J.  H,  Kline,  Chicago Certificate. 

Bockaway,  A.  M.  Forton,  Chicago Certificate. 

Unfinished  carriage  Avood-work,  N.  L.  Stow,  Chicago Silver  Medal. 

Brake  for  carriages  or  wagons,  H.  Oxton,  Wheeling,  Virginia Bronze  Medal. 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,    September,  1859.  273 

Patent  carriage-box,  Jesse  Pruette,  Aurora,  Illinois Certificate. 

Carriage  shackle  and  clip,  N.  A.  Davis,  Concord,  New  Hampshire Certificate. 

Patent  whiffle  tree,  S.  Johnson,  Jr.,  Aurora,  Illinois Certificate. 

Brace  for  wagon  tongue,  Z.  B.  Wakeman,  Rockford,  Illinois Certificate. 

Buggy  and  wagon  skein,  J.  R.  Trembly,  Danville,  New  York Certificate. 

Wagon  spokes,  J.  M.  Stebbins,  Appleton,  Wisconsin Certificate. 

Children's  carriage,  J.  B.  Thomas,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Rocking-horse,  J.  B.  Thomas,  Chicago Ceilificate. 

J.  A.  Green,  of  Iowa,  Chairman. 
CLASS  109.    SADDLE  AND  HARNESS  MAKERS'  WORKMANSfflP. 
Best  heavy  harness,  gold  plated,  Lacy  &  Phillips,  Philadelphia,  Pa.. Silver  Medal. 
Second        do  silver  plated.  Lacy  &  Phillips,  Philadelphia,  Pa.Bronze  Medal. 

Best  light  double  harness,  Lacy  &  Phillips,  Philadelphia,  Pa Silver  Medal. 

Second  do,  John  Hossford,  Munroeville,  Ohio Bronze  Medal. 

Best  single  harness,  Lacy  &  Phillips,  Philadelphia,  Pa Silver  Medal. 

Second  do,  Fishbeck  &  Ganes,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  man's  saddle.  Turner  &  Sidway,  Chicago Bronze  Medal- 

Best  lady's  saddle,  Turner  &  Sidway,  Chicago Bronze  Medal* 

Best  collection  whips,  Turner  &  Sidway,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  collection  trunks,  W.  &  G.  S.  Wright,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  of  harness,  Lacy  &  Phillips,  Philadelphia,  Pa.    .  .Diploma  of  Honor. 

Man's  riding  saddle,  R.  T.  Norgrove,  Chicago Certificate. 

Lady's  riding  saddle,  Condict,  Wooley  &  Co.,  Chicago Certificate- 
Horse  collars.  Turner  &  Sidway,  Chicago i Certificate. 

Horse  collar  block,  C.  Cook,  Chicago Certifi  cate. 

H.  G.  NouRSE,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  110.  COOPERS'  AND  PLUMBERS'  WORKMANSHIP. 

Best  flour  barrel,  C.  F.  Randolf,  Chicago Bronze  Medal 

Best  beef  barrel,  W.  Sullivan,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  pork  barrel,  S.  Jencon,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  barrel  for  liquors,  P.  Mooney,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  pump  for  drilled  wells,  Walter  Peck,  Rockford,  Wisconsin. . .  .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  force  pump,  A.  D.  Bakei",  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  plumbers'  work,  John  Hughes,  Chicago Diploma. 

Pump  tubing,  J.  F.  Temple,  Chicago Diploma. 

Force  pump,  Geo.  P,  Sherman,  Venosha,  Wisconsin Certificate. 

Beef  barrel,  J.  H.  Simons,  Chicago Certificate, 

Washing-stand,  Ellsworth  &  Co.  Chicago Certificate. 

Fountain,  James  Brown,  Chicago Certificate. 

Half  barrel,  J.  Samms, Certificate. 

CLASS  111.     GUN  AND  LOCKSMITHS'  WORKMANSHIP. 

Best  double-barrel  gun,  George  T.  Abbe,  Chicago Silver  Medal. 

Second         do  O,  P.  Secor,  Peoria,  Illinois Bronze  Medal. 

Best  rifle,  George  T,  Abbe,    Chicago .■ Silver  Medal. 

Second  do  E,  P.  North,  Chicago Bronze  Medal, 

Collection  of  locks.  The  Committee  award  the  first  premium,  a  Bronze  Medal, 
to  Day,  NeweU  &  Miner,  of  Chicago.  They  would  commend  the  set  exhibited  by 
Pratt  &  Worcester,  of  Chicago,  as  showing  great  ingenuity  and  possessing  im- 
portant advantages.     But  as  it  is  comparatively  new,  they  do  not  feel  authorised 

35 


274  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

in  placing  it  above  the  "  Day  and  Newell "  lock,  vhich  has  a  -world-wide  reputa- 
tion.    [^Certificate  awarded  to  Pratt  and  Worcester.] 

Best  iron  sate,  "  Wilder's,"  Pratt  &  Worcester,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

The  Committee  would  also  report,  as  entitled  to  high  commendation,  the  superb 
and  highly  finished  fire  and  burglar-proof  safe  exhibited  by  the  Duryee  &  Forsyth 
Manufacturing  Company.     [Certificate  awarded.] 

Sporting  apparatus,  George  T.  Abbe, Certificate 

Frederick  Letz,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  112.     CURRIERS'  AND  SHOEMAKERS'  WORKMANSHIP. 

Best  sole  leather,  Allen  &  Smith,  Kenosha,  Wisconsin Silver  Medal. 

Second  do  Hardenberg  &  W^illiams,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  upper  leather,  Geo.  W.  Hatch,  Princeton,  Illinois Silver  Medal. 

Second    do  Allen  &  Smith,  Kenosha,  Wisconsin Bronze  Medal. 

Best  calf-skins,  J.  Mack,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best   morocco,  Blackburn  Brothers,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  bridle  leather,  Allen  &  Smith,  Kenosha,  Wisconsin Bronze  Medal. 

Best  harness  leather,  G.  W.  Hatch,  Princeton,  Illinois Bronze  Medal. 

Best  enamelled  leather,  Hardenburgh  &  Williams,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  leather  belting,  Condict,  WooUey  &  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  rubber  belting  and  packing,  John  B.  Ideson&  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  mens'  dress  boots,  John  Keller,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  mens'  heavy  boots,  R,  S.  Sheridan,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  mens'  light  gaiters,  McDougal,  Fenton  &  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  mens'  light  pumps,  R.  S.  Sheridan  &  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  ladies'  gaiter  boots,  John  Keller,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  ladies'  shoes,  John  Keller,   Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  shoe-lasts,  F.  A.  Miner,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  boot  lasts,  G.  E,  Curtis,  Detroit,  Michigan Bronze  Medal. 

Best  overshoes,  AVcyer  &  Reesen,  Chicago .♦. .  .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  boots  and  shoes,  Wadworth  &  Wells,  Chicago Bronze  Medal 

Grained  and  enamelled  boot  legs,  Blackburn  &  Brothers,  Chicago Certificate. 

Gaiter  upper-leathers,  Blackburn  &  Brothers,  Chicago Certificate. 

E.  S.  Wells,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  113.     SILVERSMITHS'  WORKMANSHIP, 

Best  silver  premium  Pitcher,  J.  T.  &  E.  M.  Edwards,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  silver  premium  Teapot,  J.  T.  &  E.  M.  Edwards,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  silver  premium  Sugar-bowl,  J.  T.  &  E.  M.  Edwards,  Chicago, . ,  Silver  Medal. 
Best  silver  premium  Butter-dish,  J.  T.  &  E.  M,  Edwards,  Chicago,.  .Silver  Medal. 
Best  dozen  premium  silver  Table  Spoons,  J.  T.  &  E.  M.  Edwards,  Silver  Medal. 
Best  silver  premium  Cream  Jug,  J.  T.  &  E.  M.  Edwards,  Chicago,.     Silver  Medal. 

Best  silver  premium  Cup,  J.  T.  &  E.  M.  Edwards,  Chicago, .Silver  Medal. 

Best  silver  premium  Butter-knives,  A.  H.  Miller  &  Bros.,  Chicago,  Bronze  Medal. 

Best  plated  Cake-basket,  L.  A.  Haiablin,  Chicago, Bronze  M(jdal. 

Silver  plated  ware  and  porcelain,  Bowen  Brothers,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Case  of  Jewelry,  A.  H.  Miller  &  Co.,  Chicago,    Certificate. 

Best  hair-jewelry,  M.  Campbell,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Second  do,  J.  Gray,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Ornamental  Hair-work,  Mrs.  Addison  Graves,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Wm.  B.  West,  of  Wisconsin,  Chairman. 


At  Chicag'o,  Illinois,  September,  1859.  275 

CLASS  114.    MANUFACTURES,  OTHER  THAN  DOMESTIC. 

There  was  not  a  single  entry  for  the  medals  offered  in  this  class  as  premiums  for 
goods  manufactured  at  mills  and  factories.  A  committee  to  -whom  was  referred, 
the  "  miscellaneous  "  entries,  reported  : 

The  articles  of  Millers'  merchandise  on  exhibition  by  Messrs.  Baxter  and  Vogl, 
of  Chicago,  were  of  themselves  of  the  finest  description.  Mr.  Baxter  exhibited, 
from  the  importing-house  of  Livingston  &  Co.,  of  New  York,  a  superior  article  of 
bolting  cloth,  and  various  other  articles  in  their  line,  of  very  superior  merit,  all  of 
which  we  considered  entitled  to  the  Society's  first  prize.     [Silver  medal  awarded.] 

William  O.  Hughes,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

[Recommendations  from  the  above  committee  for  discretionary  premiums  on 
portable  flour-mills,  water-filters,  &c.,  were  not  adopted,  the  premiums  oS'ered  for 
them  in  other  classes  having  been  previously  awarded  by  the  regular  committees  to 
whom  they  were  as.signed.] 

Best  pair  blankets,  Mrs.  Henry  Hedges,  Catlin,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  ten  yards  flannel,  Mrs.  Henry  Hedges,  Catlin,  Illinois, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  woolen  shawl,  Mrs.  Henry  Hedges,  Catlin,  Illinois,. ...    ...  ..Bronze  Medal. 

Henry  C.  Lyons,  of  Ohio,  Chairman  Special  Committee. 
CLASS  115.    FIRE  ENGINES  AND  APPARATUS 
Best  Steam  Fire  Engine,  Hope  Hose  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,.  .Silver  Medal. 

Second  dc,  A.  D.  Baker,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Hand  Fire  Engine,  U.  P.  Harris,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  Hose  Peels,  Wm.  McCormack,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Fire-caps,  Frank  Buhler,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Steam  Fire-engine  Hose,  J.  B.  Ideso7:,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Best  Adjustable  Nozzle,  J.  C.  Howell,  Madison,  Wisconsin, Certificate. 

Fred'k  Smyth,  of  New  Hampshire,  Chairman. 
CLASS  116.      MISCELLANEOUS  MANUFACTURES. 

[This  class  was  intended  for  "  collections  of  wares  and  merchandize,"  (not  else- 
where mentioned,)  and  the  Judges  were  instructed  to  "  recommend  such  as  they 
deem  worthy  of  Discretionary  Premiums  to  the  Executive  Commitree."  See  Pre- 
mium List,  page  59. 

A  large  number  of  articles,  however,  (for  which  no  definite  premiums  were  o 
ed,)  were  entered  in  this  class,  from  which  the  greater  portion  were  afterwards 
transferred  by  the  entry-clerks  to  classes  in  Avhich  they  belonged  as  "miscellane- 
ous entries."  They  were  thus  judged  by  committees  with  articles  of  a  similar 
character,  and  awards  on  them  when  confirmed  by  the  Executive  Committee,  were 
registered  with  those  of  the  various  classes. 

On  the  last  day  of  the  Exhibition,  the  book  in  which  the  entries  of  "  Miscellane- 
ous Manufactures^  Class  116  "  were  originally  reported,  was  entrusted  to  an  effi- 
cient clerk,  for  transmission  to  special  committees,  who  were  requested  to  examine 
such  articles  as  were  not  already  reported  on.  These  special  committees,  (doubt- 
less through  a  misunderstanding  of  their  duties,  and  in  perfect  good  faith,)  not 
only  examined  articles  not  already  unattended  to,  but  many  which  regular  commit- 
tees had  examined  some  days  previous.  To  avoid  conflicting  decisions,  and  to  sus- 
tain reports  previously  accepted  and  announced,  the  Executive  Committee  were 
necessarily  compelled  to  reject  all  recommendations  by  special  committees  on  Class 
116,  for  Discretionary   Premiums  to  articles  which  had  been  previously  judged  by 


276  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition 


other  committees.  It  should  also  be  understood  that  other  articles,  to  M'hich 
awards  are  here  made,  were  not  examined  in  competition  with  those  in  the  differ- 
ent classes,  and  no  superiority  can  consequently  be  claimed.] 

Mill-stones,  fixtures,  «S:c.,  John  T.  Noye,  Buffalo,  New  York, Diploma. 

Bolting-cloths,  mill-fixtures,  &c.,  J.  B.  Hymer,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Printed  bags,  Hare,  Aston  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Hats  and  caps,  J.  Parmely,  Chicago, ,. Diploma. 

Display  of  china,  Burley  &  Tyrroll,  Chicago, Diploma- 

Fire-proof  smut-mill,  Slawson  &  Etting,  New  York, Diploma. 

Coal  sifter,  E.  Pv.  &  P.  H.  Muller,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Fancy  Goods,  J.  H.  Reed  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Revolving  show-case,  Plonore,  Hall  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Picture  frames,  H.  A.  Foster,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Writing  paper,  G.  H,  &  L.  Laflin,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Lot  of  brick,  A.  McMillan,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Dyed  goods,  Cook  «fe  McLane,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Car  couplings,  John  Schneider,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Do.         R.  S.  Porter,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Window  shades,  H.  W.  Andress,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Candle-moulding  machine,  W.  Reese,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Wrapping-paper,  Bradner,  Smith  &l  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Gold  and  silver  leaf,  C.  A.  Engerls,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Regulating  tape-measure,    H.  Francisco,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Steam  Evaporator,  J.  L.  Brown,  Indianapolis, Certificate. 

N.  C.  Geer,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

A  second  Sub-committee  recommended  the  following  awards : — 

Neverson's  Stave  and  Lath  Machine,  J.  Walkley,  Ohio, Bronze  Medal. 

File  cutting,  John  Drew,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Model  of  grain  dryer,  Joseph  Lanter, Certificate. 

Barrel-heading  machine,  W.  Manning  &  Co.,  Rochester,  New  York,. .  .Certificate. 

Box-making  machinery,  W.  Aldrich,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Wigs  and  Toupees,  A.  Oshwaldt, Certificate. 

G.  W.  Armstrong,  Chairman. 

The  following  awards,  by  different  special  committees,  were  revised  and  approv- 
ed by  special  votes  of  the  Executive  Committee. 

Best  display  of  ornamental  Iron-work,  Letz  &  Co.,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  display  of  Furs,  Hats  and  Caps,  J.  H.  Smith  &  Co., Silver  Medal. 

Best  display  of  confectionary,  J.  C.  Simms,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  steam  fixtures,  Walworth,  Hubbard  &  Co.,  Chicago, Silver  Medal- 
Champion  Lock,  J.  P.  Lord,  Manchester,  New  Hampshire, Silver  Medal. 

Best  display  of  heavy  hardware,  S.  D.  Ximball,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Cotton  bale  band-clasp,  Jas.  R.  Speer,  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania, Certificate. 

Best  display  of  china  and  glass  ware,  Bowen  Bros.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Specimens  of  scroll-sawing,  A.  F.  Allen,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Best  display  of  cutlery,  A.  G.  Garfield,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Glass  cut  by  machinery,  J.  P.  Colne,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Electrotypes,  D.  L.  Dodge,  Chicago  type-foundry, Bronze  Medal. 

Screw-cutting  machine,  Nuttall  &  Kirkpatrick,  Alleghany  city.  Pa., Diploma. 


At  Chicag'o^  Illinois,  September,  1S59.  277 

Boots  and  shoes,  Woodworth  &  Wells,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Display  of  coal,  Morris  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Stained  glass,  Elias   Cook,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Statuary,  Chica'go  Marble  Company,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

CLASS  117.  PAINTINGS,  DRAWINGS,  &c. 
Best  portrait  of  Animal,  in  crayon,  "  Stag  at  bay,"  T.  D.  Booths,  .  .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  painting  of  Fruit,  in  fresco,  Jevne  &  Almini,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  painting  of  Flowers,  in  water  colors,  Ellen  L.  Brown,  Chicago,Bronze  Medal- 
Best  painting  of  Flowers,  in  crayon,  Mrs.  O.  F.  Rogers,  Chicago,. .  .Bronze  Medal. 
Discretionary  premiums  recommended  and  awarded. 

Marble  Statuettes,  H.  W.  Andrews,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Landscape,  in  oil,  Mrs.  A.  Kidder,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Landscape,  in  oil,  Charles  W.  Gilmore,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Oil  paintings,  John  Stephens,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Oil  paintings,  George  E.  Simme,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Crayon  sketches,  Mrs.  A.  Kidder,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Crayon  sketches,  Josiah  Sale,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Crayon  sketches,  Sarah  Brown,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Sketches  in  water  colors,  Mrs.  A.  Kidder,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Specimen  Grecian  painting,  Mrs.  A  Graves,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Cromo  Lithographs,  Alfred  Upham,  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,. Certificate. 

Ething  on  glass,  Otto  Leith,  Chicago, Certificate- 
Miniature  steam-engine,  Byfr  Pfan,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Gilt  picture  frames,  Wm.  Holmes,  Chicago, . . .' Certificate. 

Commercial  pens,  S.  DeWolf,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, Certificate. 

Wm.  B.  West,  of  Wisconsin,  Superintendent. 
CLASS  118.   PHOTOGRAPHS,  PENMANSHIP,  &c. 

Best  photographs  in  India  Ink,  Mrs.  Fassett,  Chicago, .  > Silver  Medal. 

Best  photographs  in  oil  colors,  A.  Hessler,  Chicago,. . , Silver  Medal. 

Best  photographs  in  water  colors,  Fassett  &  Cook,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  plain  photographs,  O.  J.  Wallis,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  A.  Hessler,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  photographs  of  street  scenes,  A.  Hessler,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  photographs  of  rural  scenes,  J.  E.  Whitney,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

The  Committee  would  direct  special  attention  to  the  large  and  very  cerditable 
display  of  "  sun  pictures,"  exhibited  by  A.  Hessler  &  Co.  His  photographs  in  oil 
colors  are  exquisitely  beautiful,  and  his  cosmoramic  and  other  views  are  of  the 
highest  excellence  of  their  kind.  Mr.  Hessler  also  exhibits  some  microscopic  pho- 
tographs of  insects  and  fossils,  which  we  consider  highly  worthy  of  commenda- 
tion  .Diploma. 

Best  stereoscopic,  photographs,  A.  Hessler,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Best  colored  ambrotypes,  Fassett,  Cook  &  Co.,  Chicago, •  Certificate. 

Best    display  of   ornamental  penmanships,  T.  J.  Sloan,  Chicago,. .  .Bronze  Medal. 

Best  display  of  business  penmanship,  Biyant,  Bell  &  Stratton, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  specimens  of  book-keeping,  Bryant,  Bell  &  Stratton, Chicago,.  .Bronze  Medal. 

Specimens  of  Ladies'  book-keeping,  T.  J.  Sloan,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Specimens  of  card-writing,  Albert  Kidder,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Specimens  of  practical  penmanship,  Bryant,  Bell  &  Stratton,  Chicago,.  .Diploma. 
Portrait  pen  drawing,  Dr.  J.  Rzika,  Burlington,  Iowa, Certificate. 


278  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition, 

Pen-drawing  In  common  Ink,  W.  H.  Pratt,  Davenport,  Iowa, Certificate. 

Best  Wood  engraving,  F.  H.  Brown,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Second  do.  W.  D.  Baker,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Third  do.  S.  D.  Child,  Chicago ". . . .  Certificate. 

John  A.  Kennicott,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  119.  DESIGNS,  MAPS,  BOOKS,  &c. 

Best  architectural  designs  for  exhibitions,  W.  W.  Boyington, Silver  Medal. 

Best  topographical  sketch,  Cliff'ord  Stickney,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  agricultural  library,  H.  D.  Emery  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  blank  books,  Jones,  Perdue  &  Small,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Ornamental  book  binding,  S.  C.  Griggs  &  Co.,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Blank-book-binding,  Charles  Somme,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Fancy  and  plain  ruling,  Munson  &  Bradley,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Railroad  guides  and  maps,  D.  B.  Cook  &  Co.,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Lithographic  maps,  Chas.   Shaber,  Chicago, Certificate. 

School  apparatus,  Geo.  S.  Sherwood,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Paper  hangings,  E.  G.  L.  Foxan,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Fancy  printing,  "  Pantagraph  office,"  W.  E.  Foote,  Bloomington,  111.,. . .  .Diploma. 

Job  printing.  Beach  &  Barnard,  Chicago, Diploma. 

John  A.  Kennicott,  of  lUiinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  120.    INSTRUMENTS,  APPARATUS,  &c. 

Best  surveyor's  insti  ument,  F.  Arnold,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  barometer,  L.  Woodruff"&  Co.,  Ann  Arbor,  Michigan, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  Louis  Mauss,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  thermometer,  Louis  Mauss,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  measuring  chain,  J.  M.  Grumman,  Brooklyn,  New  York, Bronze  Medal. 

Lightning  Hods.  The  Excelsior  copper  rod  is  the  best,  as  presenting  the  most  cop- 
per surface.  At  the  same  time,  it  is  stronger  than  other  rods,  and,  having  no 
joints,  it  presents  one  continuous  surface  of  copper Silver  Medal. 

Second  best,  E.  P.  Marsh  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  insulators,  Thomas  Buckley,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Suigical  instruments,  J.  H.  Pteed  &  Co.,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Optical  instruments,  Louis  Mauss,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Surgical  instruments,  Degenhart  &  Lowe,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Radical  cure  truss,  Lester  &  Day,  Buffalo,  New  York Certificate, 

Best  dental  Instruments  and  porcelain  teeth,  Jones  &  White, Bronze  Medal. 

Display  of  dentistry,  P.  S.  Grimes,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan, Diploma. 

Display  of  dentistry,  J.  H.  Reed  &  Co.,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Optical  specimens,  J.  S.  Caldwell,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Artificial  leg,  C.  Staffon,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Body  braces.  Dr.  R.  Tripp,  Chicago, Certificate. 

J.  R.  Parsons,  Chairman. 
CLASS  121.    SPECIMENS  OF  MINERALS,  BIRDS,  &c. 

Best  collection  minerals  of  Illinois,  Thos.*]VIaloney Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  J.  M.  Woodworih,  Chicago,. .  ..Bronze  Medal. 

Collection  minerals  of  Kansas,  W.  F.  M.  Arney,  Kansas, Bronze  Medal. 

Collection  minerals  of  California,  George  Searle,  Rockport,  111., Dij;loma. 

Collection  woods  of  Illinois,  J.  A.  Carpenter, Silver  Medal, 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  Septemb&r,  1859.  279 

Collection  stuffed  birds  of  Illinois,  F.  Kempfer,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Geological  specimens,  John  M.  Woodworth,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Specimens  of  coal,  Morris  &  Roberts,  Quincy ,CertificBte. 

Specimens  of  gypsum,  Hovey  &  Co.,  Grand  llapids,  Michigan, Bronze  Medal. 

Pair  Elk  horns,  J.  M.  Woodworth,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Veterinary  Specimens,  J.  B.  Bishop.  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

J.  E-.  Paksons,  Chairman. 
CLASS  122.     CHEMICALS,  &c. 

Best  Alcohol,  "Pashi's,"  L.  J.  Magnusson,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second  do.  Cook,  Fabian  &  Co.,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Prepared  Glue,  W.  S.  Garrison,  Fulton  City,  Illinois Bronze  Medal. 

Best  Washing  Soap,  Crosby  &  Meechem,  Chicago Silver  Medal . 

Second  do.  B.  C.  &  J.  H.  Sawyer,  Pittsburg,  Pa., Bronze  Medal. 

Third  do.  J.  J.  Richards,  Chicago, Certificbte. 

Best  Fancy  Soaps,  Hay  ward,  Bromfield  &  Co., Bronze  Medal. 

Second      do.      Crosby  &  Meechem,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Do,,  do.      B.  C.  &  J.  H.  Sawyer,  Pittsburg,  Pa., Certificate. 

Best  Fine  Candles,  B.  C.  &  J.  H.  Sawyer,  Pittsburg,  Pa., Silver  Medal^ 

Best  TalioAv  Candles,  George  H.  Winchester,  Chicago Bronze  Medal. 

Best  lard  oil,  B.  C.  &.  J.  H.  Sawyer,  Pittsburg,  Pa., Bronze  Medal. 

Best  lubricating  oils,  A.  E.  Goodrich  &  Co.,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  burning  fluid,  W.  H.  Smith  &  Co.,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  vinegar,  H.  Weiss  &  Co.,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second        do.         F.  Franks,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Third  do.         John  Palmer,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Best  case  of  chemicals,  W.  H.  Chappel,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Second  do  J.  H.  Reed  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Concentrated  lye,  J.  Dickinson,  Pittsburg, Certificate. 

Lunar  oil,  C.  S.  Noble,  Chicago, - Certificate. 

Axle  grease,  C.  S.  Noble,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Lemonade  Syrups,  George  Olsen  &  Co.,  Chicago, Certificate. 

Water-proof  polish,  L.  O.  Stickney,  Freeport,  Illinois, Certificate. 

De.  H.  a.  JoHivsoxV,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
CLASS  123.    MUSICAL  INSTRUMENTS. 

Best  grand  Piano,  Root  &  Cady,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  square  piano,  Root  &  Cady,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Second         do.         H.  M.   Higgins,  Chicago, Bronze  Medal. 

Best  church  organ,  H.  W.  Chant,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  melodeon,  "Evan's,"  M.  H.  Higgins,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  set  band  instruments.  Root  &  Cady,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Best  collection  of  other  instruments,  S.  BauAver,  Chicago, Silver  Medal. 

Great  Western  Band, >    ,, 

Light  Guard  Band,   |    ^^^^^  ^  Diploma  of  Honor. 

Best  piano,  of  Chicago  make,  H.  Stone..  , Diploma. 

Church  organ,  H.  Wolfram,  Chicago, , 'Diploma. 

Harmonian,  Root  &  Cady,  Chicago, Diploma 

C.  M.  Cady,  of  Illinois,  Chairma?i. 


280  Seventh  Armual  Exhibition^ 

SPECIAL   PREMIUMS    AWARDED. 

The  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  placed  at  the  disposition  of  the  United  States  Ag- 
ricultural Society,  eight  hundred  and  seventy-five  dollars,  to  be  awarded  for  white 
winter,  red  winter,  and  spring  wheat  —  100  bushels  of  each.  The  committee  was 
Messrs.  John  Gage,  B.  Adams,  and  Wm.  Jones.     They  report. 

There  were   eight  entries  of  mhite  winter  wheat,  and  we  award  tke  premium  to 

Henry  D.  Childs,  of  Wilmington,  Delaware, $250 

Red  winter  wheat,  J.  B.  Turner,  Matoon,  Illinois, 225 

There  were  nine  entries  of  spring  wheat,  but  the  committee  thought  that  none  of 
them  were  worthy  of  the  premium  ofi'ered, 

John  Gage,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

The  Cliicago  Audubon  Club  offered  prizes  for  dogs,  stuffed  birds,  guns,  powder 
&c.,  which  were  thus  awarded  : 

Best  collection  stuffed  American  birds,  F.  Koempler,  Chi  cago, $10 

Second  do.  J.  Booth,  Suspension  Bridge,  Canada, 5 

Best  collection  stuffed  birds,  F.  Koempler,  Chicago 10 

Second  do.  Henry  Cutman,  Chicago, 5 

Charles  W.  Wilson,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

Best  retriever  dog,  J.  E.  Haskell,  Chicago, 10 

J.  W.  Ware,  of  Virginia,  Chairman. 

Best  double-barrel  fowling  piece,  G.  T.  Abby,  Chicago, Diploma. 

Best  shot-gun  powder,  Laflin,  Smith  &  Boies, Diploma. 

Best  rifle  powder,  Laflin,  Smith  &  Boies, Diploma. 

Charles  H.  Walker,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 
Best  Drilled  Military  Company.     The  special  premium  of   a   stand  of  colors, 
originally  proposed  by  citizens  of  Chicago,  was  unanimously  awarded  to  the  Chi- 
ago  Cadets,  Major  Edsworth,  comni  anding. 

Col.  J.  B.  F.  Russkll,  of  Chicago,  Chairman. 
Best  display  of  garden  vegetables.  Gage  Bros.  &  Drake,  Chicago . . .  .Silver  Medal. 

F.  C.  Westphal,  of  Iowa,  Chaii-mnn- 
Best  Grindstone. — The  special  committee  appointed  to  award  a  citizen's  premium 
of  $10,  for  the  best  grindstone,  report  : — That  the  premium  should  be  given  to 
Mr.  Johnson,  who  entered  the  "  Huron  stone  " — although  for  many  purposes  the 
"  Beria  stone  "  is  superior,  they  have  hard  particles  in  them  that  have  to  be  picked 
out  as  the  stone  wears  down — while  the  "  Huron  stone  "  seems  to  be  entirely  free 
and  has  a  sharp,  fine  grit  that  cuts  the  hardest  steel  very  rapidly.  We  consider 
the  "  Beria  stone  "  best  for  hard  cold  chisels,  tools  for  turning  iron,  &c.,  but  we 
think  the  "  Huron  stone  "  best  for  carpenters  tools,  plane  irons,  chisels,  gouges, 
&c.,  and  therefore  a  manufacturer  should  be  supplied  with  both  kinds  of  stone. 
All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 

P.  W  Gates,  of  Illinois,  Chairman. 

Sewiny  Machines. — A  special  premium  of  a  silver  pitcher,  worth  SlOO,  was 
offered  to  that  machine  which  should  receive  the  first  regular  premium  of  the  socie- 
ty, and  it  was  consequently  awarded  to  the  "  Wheeler  and  Wilson  "  machine,  (see 
page  266)  which  has  received  the  first  premium  at  the  National  Exhibition  of  1858, 
at  Richmond,  Virginia. 

The  excellence  of  this  machine — as  set  forth  by  its  proprietors — consists  in  the 
firm  and  durable  seam  which  it  forms,  of  equal  beauty  on  each  side  of  the  fabric 


I 


At  Chicago,  Illinois,  September,  1859. 


281 


upo         h  I'e  of  .he  fabric  se«d,  and  in.criocUcd  in  .ho  centre  of  ...     U  .^^r 
fan,,  canno.  bo  raveled,  and  »ill  not  rip  any  n,ore  than  haird-sewing.    F.om  t« 
and  a  h.alt  to  three  yards  of  thread  are  required  for  a  yard  of  seam. 


^e„aehineis»onn.ed.pona.^..r.t^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
rl;  t:±"Ch't;;tnnee,in.  L  .S  to  the  rocUer  ..  upon  .bieb 


282  Seventh  Annual  Exhibition 


is  mounted  the  needle-arm  29  bearing  the  needle  35  held  by  the  needle-yoke  31. 
The  lower  thread  is  contained  in  a  bobbin,  just  beneath  the  cloth-plate  46,  and  not 
here  represented.  The  upper  thread  is  used  from  the  spool  38,  from  which  it  flows 
through  the  guide  39  around  the  tension  pully  40,  and  thence  through  the  eyelets 
33,  33,  and  the  eye  of  the  needle  35.  Tension  upon  this  thread  is  produced  by 
the  pressure  of  the  volute-spring  45,  upon  the  tension  pully  40,  which  revolves  as 
the  thread  is  fed  for  the  work. 

The  fabric  to  be  sowed  45,  is  laid  upon  the  cloth-plate  46,  beneath  the  needle, 
and  held  by  the  cloth-presser,  20.  The  threads  being  adjusted,  the  machine  is 
touched  into  motion  by  a  gentle  pressure  of  the  foot  upon  the  sandals.  The  needle 
descends  through  the  fabric  carrying  the  uppsr  thread  with  it.  This  thread  is 
caught  by  the  rotating  hook  beneath  the  cloth-plate,  and  interlocked  with  the  lower 
thread,  and  the  point  of  interlocking  drawn  into  the  fabric. 

The  stitch  is  thus  formed,  showing  upon  each  side  of  the  fabric  a  single  line  of 
thread,  extending  from  stitch  to  stitch.  The  fabric  is  moved  forward,  from  left  to 
right,  by  the  "  feed  "  lying  beneath  the  cloth-plate,  and  working  through  slots  in 
it.  The  feed  points  rising  and  penetrating  the  cloth  at  each  stitch,  their  movement 
forward  determines  the  length  of  the  stitch,  which  is  graduated  by  regulating  the 
play  of  the  feed  bar.  There  is  no  limit  to  the  number  of  stitches  that  may  be 
made  in  any  given  time.  The  driving  pulley  is  graduated  ordinarily  so  as  to  make 
five  stitches  at  each  treadle,  so  that  from  six  hundred  to  one  thousnad  stitches  per 
minute  are  readily  made. 

The  bearings  and  friction  surfaces  are  so  slight  that  the  propelling  power  required 
is  merely  nominal.  The  rotating  hook,  feed,  bobbin,  and  other  parts  at  all  subject 
to  wear,  are  made  of  finely  tempered  steel  ;  the  other  parts  of  the  machine  are 
tastefully  ornamented,  or  heavily  silver  plated. 


I- 


Editorial  Remarks.  283 


Eoojxs  OF  THE  United  States  Agricultural  Society, 

3oG  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  Washington,  D.  C,  October,  1859. 

THE  CHICAGO  AAVARDS. 

The  appearance  of  this  number  of  the  Journal  has  been  retarded,  that  it  might 
contain  an  official  list  of  the  premiums  awarded  at  the  Seventli  National  Exhibition 
at  Chicago.  The  unauthorised  action  of  committees,  in  examining  articles  not  sub- 
mitted to  their  judgment,  or  in  awarding  medals  and  diplomas  as  discretionary 
premiums,  not  only  caused  great  confusion,  but  dissatisfaction.  Upwards  of  eighty 
remonstrances  and  protests  were  filed,  and  each  of  these  cases  was  carefully  ex- 
amined by  a  sub-committee  of  the  Executive  committee,  of  which  Hon.  Henry 
Wager,  of  New  York,  was  chairman.  While  this  committee  felt  constrained  to 
sustain  the  action  of  the  regular  committees,  they  also  sanctioned  the  awards  of 
other  committees  w  here  it  appeared  that  they  had  acted  in  good  faith. 

The  late  day  at  which  this  sub-committee  concluded  its  labors,  and  the  desire  of 
exhibitors  to  have  an  official  list  of  premiums  awarded,  has  made  it  necessary  to 
omit  a  variety  of  contributed  and  editorial  matter  prepared  for  this  number,  that  it 
might  appear  without  further  delay. 

REPORTS  OF  EXHIBITIONS. 

The  January  number  of  the  Journal  will  contain  notices  of  all  State  and  County 
Agricultural  Exhibitions  held  during  the  year  1859,  of  which  reports  have  been  re- 
ceived. Those  secretaries  who  have  not  already  complied  with  the  request  that 
newspaper  or  original  reports  might  be  furnished,  will  please  send  them  immedi- 
ately. 

EIGHTH  ANNUAL  MEETINCL 

The  United  States  Agricultural  Society  M-ill  hold  its  Eighth  Annual  Meeting  at 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  in  Washington  City,  on  the  second  Wednesday  of 
January,  1860,  when  the  election  of  officers  will  be  held,  and  the  other  business 
required  by  the  Constitution  will  be  transacted. 

Officers  and  Members  of  the  Society  are  respectfully  notified  to  attend,  and  a 
cordial  invitation  is  extended  to  State  and  other  Agricultural  Associations  to  send 
delegates,  that  there  may  be  a  general  representation  of  Agriculturists,  "  in  Con- 
gress assembled,"  to  protect  and  sustain  their  interests,  acting  as  a  national  organ- 
ization on  such  matters  pertaining  to  Agriculture  as  may  be  deemed  appropriate. 
Gentlemen  from  other  lands  who  may  be  interested  in  the  acquisition  and  diffusion 
of  Agricultural  knowledge,  are  also  invited  to  attend,  and  to  participate  in  the  pro- 
ceedings. 

Important  Agricultural  topics  will  he  publicly  discussed,  among  them,  "  the 
establishment  of  a  Department  of  Agriculture; "  "  the  steam-plow  ;  "  "  the  culture 
of  Sorgho  and  Impliee  ;  "  "  under-draining  ;  "  and  "  forest-trees." 


284  Editorial  Remarks. 

Gentlemen  having  other  topics  pertaining  to  the  advancement  of  Agriculture, 
■which  they  may  wish  to  introduce  or  to  have  discussed,  will  please  refer  them  to 
thr;  Executive  Committee,  through  the  Secretary,  that  a  place  may  be  assigned 
them  on  the  daily  programme. 

Delegates  are  requested  to  bring  copies  of  the  publications  of  the  Societies  which 
they  represent  —  one  for  the  Library  of  the  U.  S.  Society,  and  others  for  foreign 
and  home  interchange. 

Propositions  from  cities  at  which  the  next  Annual  Exhibition  of  the  Society  is 
desired,  will  be  received  and  considered. 

The  Medals,  awarded  at  the  Chicago  Exhibition  have  been  ordered  at  the  United 
States  Mint,  at  Philadelphia,  and  will  be  ready  for  delivery  at  the  Annual  Meeting, 
or  will  be  sent  by  Express  after  that  date,  if  the  Secretary  of  the  Society  receives  in- 
structions to  so  forward  them.  The  Diplomas  and  Certificates  will  be  delivered,  sent 
by  Express,  or  Mailed  if  the  postage  is  remitted.  The  postal  charge  for  a  Diploma, 
on  a  roller,  is  ninety  cents  — for  a  Certificate,  folded,  six  cents. 

The  business  Office  of  the  Society  is  in  Todd's  Marble  Building,  one  door  west 
of  Brown's  Hotel,  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  where  all  interested  in  the  cause  of  Agri- 
cultural improvement  are  invited  to  call  when  i:i  Washington  city.  A  large  num- 
ber of  Agricultural  newspapers,  periodicals  and  reports,  (liberally  contributed,)  are 
placed  on  file  for  public  inspection,  and  the  Library  is  also  free  to  all  who  may  de- 
sire to  examine  it.  Models  or  Drawings  of  Agricultural  Implements,  and  other 
objects  of  interest,  are  placed  upon  exhibition  without  charge. 

Gentlemen  who  may  wish  to  become  Life  Members  of  the  Society,  can  do  so  by 
paying  or  remitting  ten  dollars  to  the  Treasurer,  Hon.  B.  B.  French,  Washington 
city.  This  will  entitle  them,  without  any  further  payments,  to  the  full  privileges 
of  membership — among  these  are  :  free  admission  to  all  exhibitions  of  the  Societj'', 
the  annual  volumes  of  published  Transactions,  the  Monthly  Bulletin,  and  the  large 
and  elegant  Diploma.  The  fee  for  Annual  Membership  is  two  dollars,  which 
ensures  the  receipt  of  the  Transactions  and  Monthly  Bulletin  for  one  year. 

my  Editors  are  requested  to  call  attention  to  the  above  announcement.  Those 
who  notice  it  will  please  send  marked  copies  of  their  papers  to  the  Journal  of  Ag' 
riculture,  and  they  v.'ill  receive  in  return  the  volume  for  1859. 

IMPERIAL  SOCIETY  OF  MOSCOW. 

Arrangements  have  been  perfected  for  an  exchange  of  publications  and  seeds 
with  the  Imperial  Agricultural  Society  of  Moscow,  Russia.  A  report  on  the  ex- 
tended and  useful  operations  of  this  society,  which  was  founded  in  1818,  will  be 
published  in  the  next  number  of  this  Journal. 

WOOL  FllOM  INDIA. 

In  1840  England  received  2,441,000  pounds  of  wool  from  her  possessions  in  the 
East  Indies — in  1857  the  quantity  received  was  19,370,000  pounds.  It  is  chiefly 
used  for  rough  fabrics,  as  the  natives  shear  their  sheep  twice  a  year,  thereby  ren- 
dering the  staple  unfit  for  making  fine  cloth. 

Major  M.  R.  Patrick,  of  Sackett's  Harbor,  is  the  President  of  the  New  York 
State  Agricultural  College. 

The  Corn  Crop  of  1859  has  been  estimated  at  nine  millions  of  bushels,  which, 
at  forty  cents  a  bushel,  is  worth  three  hundred  and  sixty  millions  of  dollars.