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QUINTI   HORATII   FLACCl 


OPERA. 


ACCKDUNT 


CLAVIS    METRICA    ET    NOTJE    ANQLICM 


JUVENTUTI    ACCOMMODATiE. 


CURA 

B.  A.  GOULD. 


6  ^ 

BOSTONIiE: 
SUMPTIBUS    HILLIARD,    GRAY    ET    SOC 


U  DeCC  XXXTIII. 

I 


r/1  ^  39  3 


( 


lUSE' 


//^Oxt.-;^    ^'  ^Q 


DISTRICT  OF  MASSACHUSETTS,   to  wit : 

District  Clerk's  Office. 
tx.^'^1^  RSMEMBBaxD,  That  on  the  twenty-fifth  day  of  August,  A.  D.  1828,  and  m 
tho  fifty-th.rd  year  of  the  Independence  ofthe  United  States  of  America,  Hilliard,  Grav 
JLittle  &   Wilkins,  of  tne  said   district,  have  deposited   in  this  ofBce  the  titlo  of  a 
Dook,  the  right  whereof  they  claim  as  proprietors,  in  the  words  following,  to  vnt .— 

"  auinti  Horatii  Fiaccl  Opera.     Accedunt  Clavis  Metrica  et  Notse  AngliciE  Juven- 
tuti  accommodatae.     Cura  B.  A.  Gould."  * 

In  conformity  to  an  act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  entitled,  "  An  Act  for  the 
encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing  the  copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books,  to  the 
authors  and  propnetors  of  such  cooies  during  the  times  therein  mentioned  ;"  and  alao 
to  an  act,  entitled,  "  An  Act  supplementary  to  an  act,  entitled,  '  An  Act  for  the  en- 
.Couragement  of  leArning,  by  securing  the  copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  booka,  to  the 
authors  and  proprietors  of  such  copies,  durin|  the  times  therein  mentioned;'  and  ex 
tendmg  the  benefits  thereof  to  the  arts  of  designing,  engraving,  and  etching  historical 
and  other  prints." 

JNO.  W.  DAVIS, 

Cterk  of  the  District  of  Massachusetta. 


THE  LIFE  OF   HORACE. 


QuiNTUS  HoRATius  Flaccus  was  born  at  Venusium  in  Apulia, 

sixty-four  years  before  Clirist.     His  father  was  a  freedman,  and 

coUector  of  the  revenue  ;  and  gave  his  son  a  liberal  education  at 

Rome    and    Athens.     After    enjoying   the   best  means    of   in- 

struction  that  Rome  aiforded,  at  the  age  of  about  twenty-one,  Hor- 

ace  was  sent  to  Athens  to  complete  his  education.     Whilst  Horace 

\ras  at  Athens,  Csesar  was  assassinated  ;  and  Brutus  and  Cassiua 

repaired  to  that  city,  in  order  to  eniist  in  the  cause  of  freedom  the 

young  Romans  who  were  pursuing  their  studies  there.     Horace 

attached  himself  to  Brutus,  under  whom  he  served  nearly  two 

years.     He  was  in  the  battle  of  Philippi,  with  the  rank  of  military 

tribune.     He  fled  m  the  rout  of  that  day,  and  was  taken  prisoner; 

but  obtained  a  pardon,  and  afterwards  v/as  distinguished  by  the 

favor  and  fi-iendship  of  M^cenas.     He  filled  the  office  of  a  clerk 

to  the  treasury,  and  assisted  the  emperor  as  his  private   amanuen- 

sis.     This  appears  from  the  fragment  of  a  letter  from  Augustus  to 

his  minister.     "  I  used  to  be  equal  to  the  writing  of my  own  letters  ; 

but  I  am  now  so  pressed  with  a  multiplicity  of  business,  and  so  in- 

firm  that  1  wish  you  to  bring  me  our  friend  Horace.     Let  him  come, 

then,  and  leave  that  parasitical  table  for  my  palace,  and  assist  me 

in  writing  my  letters."     Another  fragment  of  a  letter  from  Augus- 

tus  to  Horace,  is  expressed  in  terms  of  the  most  easy  and  playful 

familiarity.     "  Dionysius  has  conveyed  your  little  volume  to  me  ; 

which,  not  to  quarrel  with  its  brevity,  I  take  in  good  part.     But 

you  seem  to  me  fearful,  lest  your  works  should  be  bigger  than 

yourself     However,  what  you  want  in  height,  is  made  up  to  you 

by  that  little  round  body  of  yours.     You  should,  there^ore,  write 

such  a  roU,  as  may  go,  not  round  a  stick,  but  a  quart  measure ; 

and  then  the  circumference   of  your  volume  may  be  squab  and 

swollen,  like  the  rotundity  of  your  little  belly."  ^  This  is  a  pleasing 

personal  trait     Horace  has,  himself,  given  us  some  interesting 

hints  of  his  person  and  manners.     He  was  gray  before  his  time ; 

fond  of  basking  in  the  sun ;  and  of  taking  a  siesta  on  the  bank  of 

a  river.    He  speaks  of  breaking  stones  and  turning  up  the  ground, 

when  in  the  country ;  and  when  in  town,  of  sauntering  in  the  mar- 

ket,  or  riding  out  on  a  dock-tailed  mule,  which  he  sat  awkwardiy. 

He  dined  on  a  pancake  and  vegetables  ;  and  divided  the  rest  of 


iv  THE  LIFE  OF  HORACE. 

the  day  between  reading  and  writing-,  the  bath  and  the  tennis- 
court  He  was  subject  to  a  defluxion  in  the  eyes  ;  as  was  Virgil 
to  a  complaint  of  asthma ;  and  Augustus  used  to  rally  the  two 
poet&,  by  saymg,  "  that  he  sat  between  sighs  and  tears."  He  had 
a  farm  in  the  country  of  the  Sabines,  and  a  house  at  Tibur,  now 
Tivoli,  the  ruins  of  which  are  still  shown  to  strangers.  He  died 
in  liis  fifty-iiinth  year ;  so  suddenly  that  he  left  no  will,  and  his 
property  therefore  reverted  to  the  emperor.  He  was  buriedin  the 
cemetery  on  the  Esquiline  Hill,  near  the  tomb  of  Maecenas. 

The  writings  of  Horace  have  an  air  of  frankness  and  opennesa 
about  them  ;  a  manly  simplicity,  and  a  contempt  of  affectation,  or 
the  Httle  pride  of  a  vain  and  mean  concealment,  wliich,  at  once, 
take  hold  on  our  confidence.  We  can  believo  the  account  which 
he  gives  of  his  own  character,  without  scruple  or  suspicion.  That 
he  was  fond  of  pleasure  is  confessed;  but,  generally  speaking,  he 
was  moderate  and  temperate  in  his  pleasures  ;  and  his  convivial 
hours  seem  to  have  been  far  more  intellectual,  and  more  enlight- 
ened  by  social  wit  and  wisdom,  than  are  those  of  the  common  herd 
of  Epicurean  poets. 

Horace,  of  all  the  writers  of  antiquity,  most  abounds  with  that 
practical  good  sense,  and  familiar  observation  of  life  and  manners, 
which  render  an  author,  in  a  more  emphatic  sense,  the  reader's 
companion.  Good  sense,  in  fact,  seems  the  most  distinguishing 
feature  of  his  satires ;  for  his  wit  seems  rather  forced  ;  and  it  is 
their  tone  of  sound  understanding,  added  to  their  easy,  conversation- 
al  air,  and  a  certain  turn  for  fine  raillery,  that  forms  the  secret  by 
which  they  please.  In  variety  and  versatiJity,  his  lyric  genius  is 
unrivalled  by  that  of  any  poet  with  whom  we  are  acquainted ;  and 
there  are  no  marks  of  inequality  or  of  inferiority  to  himself. 
Whether  his  odes  be  of  the  moral  and  philosophic  kind  ;  or  the 
heroic  ;  the  descriptive  ;  or  the  amatory,  the  light,  and  the  joyous ; 
each  separate  species  would  seem  to  be  his  peculiar  province. 
His  epistles  evince  a  knowledge  of  the  weaknesses  of  the  human 
heart,  which  would  do  honor  to  a  professed  philosopher.  What 
Quintilian,  and  the  moderns  after  him,  call  the  "  Art  of  Poetry," 
seems  to  have  been  only  the  third  epistle  of  the  second  book,  ad- 
dressed  to  the  Pisos.  The  style  and  manner  differ  in  no  respect 
from  the  former  epistles.  The  observations  are  equally  desultory, 
and  we  meet  with  the  same  strokes  of  satirical  humor ;  which 
appear  nnsuitable  to  a  didactic  piece.'^ 


See  EltDn'3  Specimens  of  the  Classic  Poets. 


QUIJSITI    HORATH    FLACCI 


CARMINUM 


LIBER  PRIMUS. 


/^ 


ODE  I. 

AD    MiECENATEM. 

M^CENAS,  atavis  edite  regibus, 
O  et  prJEsidium  et  dulce  decus  meum! 
Sunt  quos  curriculo  pulverem  Olympicum 
CoUegisse  juvat;  metaque  fervidis 
Evitata  rotis,  palmaque  nobilis, 
Terrarum  dominos  evehit  ad  deos  * 
Hunc,  si  mobilium  turba  Quiritium 
Certat  tergeminis  tollere  honoribus ; 
Illum,  si  proprio  condidit  horreo 
duidquid  de  Libycis  verritur  areis. 
Gaudentem  patrios  findere  sarculo 
Agros  Attalicis  conditionibus 
Nunquam  dimoveas  ut  trabe  Cyprid 
Myrtoiim  pavidus  nauta  secet  mare. 
Luctantem  Icariis  fluctibus  Africum 
Mercator  metuens,  otium  et  oppidi 
Laudat  rura  sui :  mox  reficit  rates 
duassas,  indocilis  pauperiem  pati. 
Est  qui  nec  veteris  pocula  Massici, 
Nec  partem  solido  demere  de  die 
Spernit,  nunc  viridi  membra  sub  arbuto 
Stratus,  nunc  ad  aquae  lene  caput  sacrae . 
Multos  castra  juvant,  et  lituo  tabae 
Permixtus  sonitus,  bellaque  matribus 
Detestata.     Manet  sub  Jove  frigido 
Venator,  tenerae  conjugis  immemor; 


10 


15 


20 


25 


«J  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Seu  visa  est  catulis  cerva  fidelibus, 
Seu  rupit  teretes  Marsus  aper  plagas. 
Me  doctarum  ederae  praemia  frontium 
Dis  miscent  auperis;  me  gelidum  nemus,  30 

Nympharumque  leves  cum  Satyns  chori, 
Secernunt  populo;   si  ncque  tibias 
•      Euterpe  cohibet,  nec  Polyhymnia 
Lesboiim  refugit  tendere  barbiton. 
Quod  si  me  lyricis  vatibus  inseres,  35 

Sublimi  feriam  sidera  vertice. 


ODE  II. 

y  AD  AUGUSTUM  C^SAREM. 

Jam  satis  terris  nivis  atque  dirae 
Grandinis  misit  Pater,  et,  rubente 
Dextera  sacras  jaculatus  arces, 

Terruit  urbem :  ^^' 

Terruit  gentes,  grave  ne  rediret  6 

Saeculum  Pyrrhae,  nova  monstra  questae ; 
Omne  quum  Proteus  pecus  egit  altos 

Visere  montes ;.  ^  •  *  V 
Piscium  et  summa  genus  h^sit  iihno, 
Nota  quae  sedes  fuerat  columbis  ; .  Iv 

Et  superjecto  pavidae  natarunt 

JEquore  damae. 
Vidimus  flavum  Tiberim,  retortis 
Littore  Etrusco  violenter  undis, 
Ire  dejectum  monumenta  regis,  16 

Templaque  Vesta^ : 
Iliae  dum  se  nimiiam  querenti 
Jactat  ultorem,  vagus  et  sinistra 
Labitur  ripa,  Jove  non  probante,  u- 

xorius  amnis.  *  20 

Audiet  cives  acuisse  ferrum 
Q,uo  graves  Persae  melius  perirent ; 
Audiet  pugnas,  vitio  parentiim 

Rara,  juventus. 
duem  vocet  divum  populus  ruentis  25 

Imperi  rebus?  prece  qua  fatigent 
Virgines  sanctae  miniis  audientem 

Carmina  Vestam  \ 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  8 

Cui  dabit  partes  scelus  expiandi 

Jupiter?  tandem  venias,  precamur,  30 

Nube  candentes  humeros  amictus, 

Augur  Apollo. 
Sive  tu  mavis,  Erycina  ridens, 
duara  Jocus  circumvolat,  et  Cupido. 
Sive  neglectum  genus  et  nepotes  "•      35 

Respicis,  auctor, 
Heu !  nimis  longo  satiate  ludo, 
Q,uem  juvat  clamor,  galeaeque  leves 
Acer  et  Mauri  peditis  cruentum 

Vultus  in  hostem  :  40 

Sive  mutata  juvenem  figura, 
Ales,  in  terris  imitaris,  almae 
Filius  Maiae,  patiens  vocari 

Caesaris  ultor  : 
Serus  in  coelum  redeas,  diuque  45 

Laetus  intersis  populo  Q,uirini ; 
Neve  te  nostris  vitiis  iniquum 

Ocior  aura 
Tollat.     Hic  magnos  potius  triumphos, 
Hic  ames  dici  Pater  atque  Princeps :  50 

Neu  sinas  Medos  equitare  inultos, 

Te  duce,  Caesar. 


V 


ODE  III. 

M>  NAVEM  QUA  VIRGILIUS  ATHENAS  PROFICISCENS  VEHEBATUR. 

Sic  te  diva  potens  Cypri, 
Sic  fratres  Helenae,  lucida  sidera, 

Ventorumque  regat  pater, 
Obstrictis  aliis,  praeter  lapyga, 

Navis,  quae  tibi  creditum  5 

Debes  Virgilium  finibus  Atticis, 

Reddas  incolumem,  precor, 
Et  serves  animse  dimidium  mea3. 

Illi  robur  et  aes  triplex 
Circa  pectus  erat,  qui  fragilem  truci  10 

Commisit  pelago  ratem 
Primus,  nec  timuit  praecipitem  Africum 

Decertantem  Aquilonibus, 
Nec  tristes  Hyadas,  nec  rabiem  Noti, 


Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Q,uo  non  arbiter  HadrisB  16 

Major,  tollere  seu  ponere  vult  freta. 

Q,uem  mortis  timuit  gradum^ 
Qui  siccis  oculis  monstra  natantia, 

Qui  vidit  mare  turffidum,  et 
Infames  scopulos  Acroceraunia  ?  20 

Nequidquam  Deus  abscidit 
Prudens  Oceano  dissociabili 

Terras,  si  tamen  impiie 
Non  tangenda  rates  transiliunt  vada. 

Audax  omnia  perpeti  25 

Gens  humana  ruit  per  vetitum  ;  nefas  ! 

Audax  lapeti  genus 
Ignem  fraude  mala  gentibus  intulit. 

Post  iffnem  oetherea  domo 
Subductum,  macies  et  nova  febrium 

Terris  incubuit  cohors ; 
Semotique  prius  tarda  necessitas 

Leti  corripuit  gradum. 
Expertus  vacuum  Dsedalus  aera 

Pennis  non  homini  datis.  35 

Perrupit  Acheronta  Herculeus  abor. 

Nil  mortalibus  arduum  est : 
Coelum  ipsum  petimus  stultitia  ;  neque 

Per  nostrum  patimur  scelus 
Iracunda  Jovem  ponere  fulmina.  40 


^     v/    v/ 
SOLVITULJR' 


ODE  IV. 

f      AD    L.    SEXTIUMj    CONSI^LAREM. 

x^.i  acris Jjvems  2[rata^Tice^veri5^^t^r  avoni, 

Trahu^tqu^^  slocas  m^a^hmce/carinas ; 
Ac  neque  jam  stabillis  gaudet  pe/6us,  tiut  arator  igni ; 

Nec  prata  canis  albicant  pruinis. 
Jam  Cytherea  choros  ducit  Venus,  imminente  Luna;         5 

Juncta^que  Nymphis  Gratia^  decentes 
Alterno  terram  quatiunt  pede,  dum  graves  Cyclopum 

Vulcanus  ardens  urit  officinas. 
Nunc  decet  aut  viridi  nitidum  caput  impedire  myrto, 

Aut  flore,  terrae  quem  ferunt  solutae.  10 

Nunc  et  in  umbrosis  Fauno  decet  iinmolare  lucis, 

Seu  poscat  agna,  sive  malit  ha^do. 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  5 

PaJlida  Mors  aequo  pulsat  pede  pauperum  tabernas, 

Regumque  turres.     O  beate  Sexti, 
Vitae  summa  brevis  spem  nos  vetat  inchoare  longam  :       15 

Jam  te  premet  nox,  fabulajque  Manes, 
Et  domus  exilis  Plutonia ;  quo  simul  mearis, 

Non  regna  vini  sortiere  talis. 


ODE  V. 

AD    M.    VIPSANIUM    AGRIPPAM. 

ScRiBERis  Vario  fortis,  et  hostium 

Victor,  Maeonii  carminis  aliti, 

Quam  rem  cunque  ferox  navibus  aut  equis 

Miles  te  duce  gesserit. 
Nos,  Agrippa,  neque  hsec  dicere,  nec  gravem  5 

Pelidae  stomachum  cedere  nescii, 
Nec  cursus  duphcis  per  mare  Ulyssei, 

Nec  sssvam  Pelopis  domum, 
Conamur,  tenues  grandia :  dum  pudor, 
Imbellisque  lyrse  Musa  potens  vetat  10 

Laudes  egregii  Csesaris,  et  tuas, 

Culpa  deterere  ingeni. 
Quis  Martem  tunica  tectum  adamantinll 
Digne  scripserit  ?  aut  pulvere  Troio 
Nigrum  Merionen  ?  aut  ope  Palladis  16 

Tydiden  superis  parem  ? 


ODEVI. 

AD   MUNATIUM   PLANCUM,    CONSULAREM. 

Laudabunt  alii  claram  Rhodon,  aut  Mitylenen, 

Aut  Ephesum,  bimarisve  Corinthi 
Moenia,  vel  Baccho  Thebas,  vel  Apolline  Delphos 

Insignes,  aut  Thessala  Tempe. 
Sunt  quibus  unum  opus  est  intactae  Palladis  arces  ^ 

Carmine  perpetuo  celebrare,  et 
Undique  decerptam  fronti  prgeponere  olivam. 

Plurimus,  in  Junonis  honorem, 
Aptum  dicit  equis  Argos,  ditesque  Mycenas. 

Me  nec  tain  patiens  LacedsBmon,  10 

1* 


6  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Nec  iam  Larissae  percussit  campus  opimaB, 

Q,uam  domus  Albuneae  resonantis, 
Et  praeceps  Anio,  ac  Tiburni  lucus,  et  uda 

Mobilibus  pomaria  rivis. 
Albus  ut  obscuro  deterget  nubila  coelo  15 

Ssepe  Notus,  neque  parturit  imbres 
Perpetuos ;  sic  tu  sapiens  finire  memento 

Tristitiam  vitiA^que  labores 
Molli,  Plance,  mero ;  seu  te  fulgentia  signis 

Castra  tenent,  seu  densa  tenebit  20 

Tiburis  umbra  tui.     Teucer  Salamina  patremque 

Quum  ftigeret,  tamen  uda  LyaBO 
Tempora  populea  fertur  vinxisse  corona, 

Sic  tristes  aifatus  amicos  : 
"  Quo  nos  cunque  feret  melior  fortuna  parente,  25 

Ibimus,  o  socii  comitesque ! 
Nil  desperandum  Teucro  duce,  et  auspice  Teucro; 

Certus  enim  promisit  Ap)ollo 
Ambiguam  tellure  nova  Salamina  futuram. 

O  fortes  pejoraque  passi  30 

Mecum  saepe  viri !  nunc  vino  pellite  curas . 

Cras  ingens  iterabimus  aequor." 


ODE  VII. 

AD    LYDIAM. 


Lydia,  dic,  per  omnes 
Te  deos  oro  :  Sybarin  cur  properas  amando 

Perdere  ?  cur  apricum 
Oderit  campum,  patiens  pulveris  atque  solis? 

Cur  neque  militaris  6 

Inter  aequales  equitat,  Gallica  nec  lupatis 

Temperat  ora  fraenis  ? 
Cur  timet  flavum  Tiberim  tangere  1  cur  olivum 

Sanguine  viperino 
Cautius  vitat  ?  neque  jam  livida  gestat  armis  10 

Brachia,  saepe  disco, 
Saepe  trans  finem  jaculo  nobilis  expedito? 

Quid  latet,  ut  marinae 
Filium  dicunt  Thetidis  sub  lacrymosa  Trojae 

Funera,  ne  virilis  15 

Cultus  in  caedem  et  Lycias  proriperet  catervas  ? 


\/ 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  7 

ODE  VIII. 

AD  THALIARCHUM. 

ViDES  ut  alta  stet  nive  candidum 
Soracte,  nec  jam  sustineant  onus 
Silva3  laborantes,  geluque 
Flumina  constiterint  acuto. 
Dissolve  frigus,  ligna  super  foco  5 

Large  reponens;  atque  benignius 
Deprome  quadrimum  Sabina, 
O  Thaliarche,  merum  diota. 
Permitte  divis  csetera  :  qui  simul 
Stravere  ventos  aequore  fervido  10 

Deprceliantes,  nec  cupressi, 
Nec  veteres  agitantur  orni. 
Q,uid  sit  futurum  cras,  fuge  quaerere ;  et 
Q,uem  sors  dierum  cunque  dabit,  lucro 

Appone  :  nec  dulces  Camcenas  15 

Sperne  puer,  neque  tu  choreas ; 
Donec  virenti  canities  abest 
Morosa.     Nunc  et  campus,  et  areae, 
Lenesque  sub  noctem  susurri, 

Composita  repetantur  hora.  20 


ODE  IX. 

AD  MERCURIUM. 


Mercuri,  facunde  nepos  Atlantis, 
Q,ui  feros  cultus  hominum  recentum 
Voce  formasti  catus,  et  decorse 

More  palaestrae ; 
Te  canam,  magni  Jovis  et  deorum  5 

Nuntium,  curvaeque  lyrae  parentem; 
Callidum,  quidquid  placuit,  JQCOSO 

Condere  furto. 
Te,  boves  olim  nisi  reddidisses 
Per  dolum  amotas,  puerum  minaci  10 

Voce  dum  terret,  viduus  pharetra 

Risit  Apolio. 
Q,uin  et  Atridas,  duce  te,  superbos, 
Ilio  dives  Priamus  relicto, 


8  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Thessalosque  ignes  et  iniqua  Trojae  15 

Castra  fefellit. 
Tu  pias  Ifetis  animas  reponis 
Sedibus,  virgaque  levem  coerces 
Aurea  turbam,  superis  deorum 

Gratus  et  imis.  20 


ODEX. 

Tu  najFqua3siemSj,#cire/nefasJquem  mihi,  quem  tibi 
Finem  di  decjerirft,  Leucono€ ;  nec  Babylonios 
Tentaris  numeros.     Ut  melius,  quidquid  erit,  pati! 
Seu  plures  hiemes,  seu  tribuit  Jupiter  ultimam, 
Q,uaB  nunc  oppositis  debilitat  pumicibus  mare 
Tyrrhenum.     Sapias,  vina  liques,  et  spatio  brevi 
Spem  longani  reseces.     Dum  loquimur,  fugerit  invida 
iEtas.     Carpe  diem,  quam  minimum  credula  postero. 


ODE  XL 

AD  AUGUSTUM. 


Q,UEM  virum  aut  heroa  lyra  vel  acri 
Tibia  sumis  celebrare,  Clio  ? 
Q,uem  deum,  cujus  recinet  jocosa 

Nomen  imago, 
Aut  in  ur.ibrosis  Heliconis  oris,  6 

Aut  super  PiiJo,  gelidove  in  Ilsemo, 
Unde  vocalem  temere  insecutae 

Orphea  silvae, 
Arte  materna  rapidos  morantem 
Fluminum  lapsus,  celeresque  ventos,  10 

BIandu!n  et  auritas  fidibus  canoris 

Ducere  quercus? 
Q,uid  prius  dicam  solitis  Parentis 
Laudibus,  qui  res  hominum  ac  deorum, 
Qui  mare  ac  tcrras,  variisque  mundum  15 

Temperat  horis? 
Unde  nil  majus  generatur  ipso, 
Nec  viget  quidquam  simile  aut  secundum : 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  9 

Proximos  illi  tamen  occupavit 

Pallas  honores.  20 

Proeliis  audax,  neque  te  silebo, 
Liber,  et  saevis  inimica  virgo 
Belluis ;  nec  te  metuende  certa 

Phcebe  sasitta. 
Dicam  et  Alciden  ;  puerosque  Ledae,  25 

Hunc  equis,  illum  superare  pugnis 
Nobilem  :  quorum  simul  alba  nautis 

Stella  refulsit, 
Defluit  saxis  agitatus  humor ; 

Concidunt  venti,  fugiuntque  nubes;  30 

Et  minax,  nam  sic  voluere,  ponto  ; 

Unda  recumbit. 
Romulum  post  hos  prius,  an  quietum 
Pompili  regnum  memorem,  an  superbos 
Tarquini  fasces,  dubito,  an  Catonis  35 

Nobile  letum. 
Regulum,  et  Scauros,  animseque  magnse 
Prodigum  Paulum,  superante  Pceno, 
Gratus  insigni  referam  Camoena, 

Fabriciumque.  40 

Hunc,  et  incomptis  Curium  capillis, 
Utilem  bello  tulit,  et  Camillum, 
Saeva  paupertas,  et  avitus  apto 

Cum  lare  fundus. 
Crescit  occulto  velut  arbor  aevo        v  45 

Fama  Marcelli :  micat  inter  omnes 
Julium  sidus,  velut  inter  ignes 

Luna  minores. 
Gentis  humanae  pater  atque  custos, 
Orte  Saturno,  tibi  cura  magni  50 

Caesaris  fatis  data;  tu  secundo 

Caesare  regnes. 
Tlle,  seu  Parthos  Latio  imminentes 
Egerit  justo  domitos  triumpho, 
Sive  subjectos  Orientis  orae       "  55 

Seras  et  Indos, 
Te  minor  latum  reget  aequus  orbem : 
Tu  gravi  curru  quaties  Olympum ; 
Tu  pariim  castis  inimica  mittes 

Fulmina  lucis.  60 


10  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

.  ODE  XII. 

AD    REMPUBLICAM. 

O  NAVis,  referent  in  mare  te  novi 
Fluctus!  O  quid  agis?  Fortiter  occupa 
Portum.     Nonne  vides  ut 
Nudum  remigio  latus, 
Et  malus  celeri  saucius  Africo,  5 

Antennaeque  cremant,  ac  sine  funibus 
Vix  durare  carinae 
Possint  imperiosius 
^quor  ?  Non  tibi  sunt  integra  lintea, 
Non  di  quos  iterum  pressa  voces  malo :  10 

Quamvis  Pontica  pinus, 
Silvae  filia  nobilis, 
Jactes  et  genus  et  nomen  inutile. 
Nil  pictis  timidus  navita  puppibus 

Fidit.     Tu,  nisi  ventis  15 

Debes  ludibrium,  cave.    . 
Nuper  sollicitum  quce  mihi  taedium, 
Nunc  desiderium,  curaque  non  levis, 
Interfusa  nitentes 
Vites  ajquora  Cycladas.  20 


ODE  XIII. 

NEREI  VATICINIUM  DE  EXCIDIO  TROJiE. 

Pastor  quum  traheret  per  freta  navibus 
Idaeis  Helenen  perfidus  hospitam, 
Ingrato  celeres  obruit  otio 

Ventos,  ut  caneret  fera 
Nereus  fata :"  Mala  ducis  avi  domum,  5 

duam  multo  repetet  Graecia  milite, 
Conjurata  tuas  rumpere  nuptias, 

Et  re<mum  Priumi  vetus. 
Eheu  !  quantus  equis,  quantus  adest  viris 
Sudor  !  qiianta  moves  funera  Dardanae  10 

Genti !     Jam  galeam  Pallas,  et  aetrida, 

Curriisque,  et  rabiem,  parat. 
Nequidquam,  Vcneris  prscsidio  ferox, 
Pectes  caesariem,  grataque  fceminis 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  n 

Imbelli  cithara  carmina  divides ;  15 

Nequidquam  thalamo  graves 
Hastas,  et  calami  spicula  Gnosii, 
Vitabis,  strepitumque,  et  celerem  sequi 
Ajacem  :  tamen,  heu  serus  !  adulterOs 

Crines  pulvere  collines.  20 

Non  Laertiaden,  exitium  tuae 
Gentis,  non  Pylium  Nestora  respicis? 
Urgent  impavidi  te  Salaminius 

Teucer,  te  Sthenelus  sciens 
Pugnae,  sive  opus  est  imperitare  equis,  25 

Non  auriga  piger.     Merionen  quoque 
Nosces.    Ecce  furit  te  reperire  atrox 

Tydides,  melior  patre : 
Q,uem  tu,  cervus  uti  valhs  in  altera 
Visum  parte  lupum  graminis  immemor,  30 

Sublimi  fugies  moUis  anhehtu, 

Non  hoc  pollicitus  tuae. 
Iracunda  diem  proferet  Uio 
Matronisque  Phrygum  classis  Achillei" : 
Post  certas  hiemes  uret  Achaius  35 

Ignis  Pergameas  domos." 


ODE  XIV. 

PALINODIA. 


O  MATRE  pulchra  filia  pulchrior, 
Quem  criminosis  cunque  voles  modum 
Pones  iambis ;  sive  flamma, 

Sive  mari  libet  Hadriano. 
Non  Dindymene,  non  adytis  quatit  5 

Mentem  sacerdotum  incola  Pythius. 
Non  Liber  aeque,  non  acuta 

Sic  geminant  Corybantes  aera, 
Tristes  ut  irae  :  quas  neque  Ndricus 
Deterret  ensis,  nec  mare  naufragum,  10 

Nec  ssevus  ignis,  nec  tremendo 
Jupiter  ipse  ruens  tumultu. 
Fertur  Prometheus  addere  principi 
Limo  coactus  particulam  undique 

Desectam,  et  insani  leonis  15 

Vim  stomacho  apposuisse  riostro. 


12  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Irae  Thyesten  exitio  gravi 
Stravere ;  et  altis  urbibus  ultimae 
Stetere  causas  cur  perirent 

Funditus,  imprinieretque  muris  20 

Hostile  aratrum  exercitus  insolens. 
Compesce  mentem.     Me  quoque  pectoris 
Tentavit  in  dulci  juventa 

Fervor,  et  in  celeres  iaTubos 
Misit  furentem  :  nunc  ego  mitibus  25 

Mutare  quaero  tristia,  dum  mihi 
Fias  recantatis  amica 

Opprobriis,  animumque  reddaa 


ODE  XV. 

AD    TYNDARIDEM. 


Velox  amoenum  saepe  Lucretilem 
Mutat  Lycaeo  Faunus,  et  igneam 
Defendit  aestatem  capellis 

Usque  meis,  pluviosque  ventos.. 
Impune  tutum  per  nemus  arbutos  6 

Quaerunt  latentes  et  thyma  deviae 
Olentis  uxores  mariti ; 

Nec  virides  metuunt  colubras, 
Nec  Martiales  haeduieae  lupos  ; 

Utcunque  dulci,  Tyndari,  fistula  10 

Valles  et  Usticae  cubantis 
Levia  personuere  saxa. 
Di  me  tuentur  :  dis  pietas  mea 
Et  Musa  cordi  est.     Hic  tibi  copia 

Manabit  ad  plenum  benigno  15 

Ruris  honorum  opulenta  cornu. 
Hic  in  reducta  valle  Caniculae 
Vitabis  aestus ;  et  fide  Teia 
Dices  laborantes  in  uno 

Penelopen  vitreamque  Circen.  20 

Hic  innocentis  pocula  Lesbii 
Duces  sub  umbra  :  nec  Semeleius 

Cum  Marte  confundet  Thyoneus 
Prcelia ;  nec  metues  protervos. 


CARMINUM  LIB.  1.  13 

#DE  XVI. 

AD  VARUM 

NuLLAM,  Vare,  sacra  vite  prius  severis  arborem 

Circa  mite  solum  Tiburis,  et  mcBnia  Catili : 

Siccis  omnia  nam  dura  Deus  proposuit ;  neque 

Mordaces  aliter  diffugiunt  sollicitudines. 

Quis  post  vina  gravem  militiam  aut  pauperiem  crepat?       6 

Q,uis  non  te  potius,  Bacche  pater,  teque,  decens  Venus? 

At  ne  quis  modici  transiliat  munera  Liberi, 

Centaurea  monet  cum  Lapithis  rixa  super  mero 

Debellata ;  monet  Sithoniis  non  levis  Evius, 

Q,uum  fas  atque  nefas  exiguo  fine  libidinum  10 

Discernunt  avidi.     Non  ego  te,  candide  Bassareu, 

Invitum  quatiam  :  nec  variis  obsita  frondibus 

Sub  divum  rapiam.     Saeva  tene  cum  Berecynthio 

Cornu  tympana,  quae  subsequitur  cajcus  Amor  sui, 

Et  tollens  vacuum  plus  nimio  Gloria  verticem,  16 

Arcanique  Fides  prodiga,  perlucidior  vitro. 


ODE  XVII. 

AD    M^CENATEM. 


ViLE  potabis  modicis  Sabinum 
Cantharis,  Graeca  quod  ego  ipse  testa 
Conditum  levi,  datus  in  theatro 

Quum  tibi  plausus, 
Care  Msecenas  eques,  ut  paterni  5 

Fluminis  ripae,  simul  et  jocosa 
Redderet  laudes  tibi  Vaticani 

Montis  imago. 
Csecubum  et  praelo  domitam  Caleno 
Tu  bibes  uvam  :  mea  nec  Falernae  10 

Temperant  vites  neque  Formiani 

Pocula  coUes. 
2 


14  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

ODE  XVIII. 

IN  DIANAM  ET  APOLLINEM. 

DiANAM  tenorae  dicite  virgines : 
Intonsum,  pueri,  dicite  Cynthium : 
Latonamque  supremo 
Dilectam  penitus  Jovi. 
Vos  laetam  fluviis,  et  nemorum  coma,  5 

QuaBCunque  aut  gelido  prominet  Algido, 
Nigris  aut  Erymanthi 
Silvis,  aut  viridis  Cragi : 
Vos  Tempe  totidem  toUite  laudibus, 
Natalemque,  mares,  Delon  Apollinis,  10 

Insignemque  pharetra, 
Fraternaque  hurnerum  lyra. 
Hic  bellum  lacrymosum,  hic  miseram  famem 
Pestemque,  a  populo  et  principe  CsBsare,  in 

Persas  atque  Britannos  16 

Vestra  motus  aget  prece. 


ODE  XIX. 

AD    ARISTIUM    FUSCUM., 


Integer  vitse  scelerisque  purus 
Non  eget  Mauris  jaculis,  neque  arcu, 
Nec  venenatis  gravida  sagittis, 

Fusce,  pharetra ; 
Sive  per  Syrtes  iter  aestuosas,  5 

Sive  facturus  per  inhospitalem 
Caucasum,  vel  quae  loca  fabulosus 

Lambit  Hydaspes. 
Namque  me  silva  lupus  in  Sabina, 
Dum  meam  canto  Lalagen,  et  ultra  10 

Terminum  curis  vagor  expeditis, 

Fufjit  inermem : 
Quale  portentum  neque  militaris 
Daunias  latis  aht  aesculetis  ; 
Nec  Jubae  telkis  generat,  leonum  16 

Arida  nutrix. 
Pone  me  pigris  ubi  nulla  campis 
Arbor  aestiva  recreatur  aura. 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  16 

duod  latus  mundi  nebulae  malusque 

Jupiter  urget ;  20 

Pone  sub  curru  nimium  propinqui 
Solis,  in  terra  domibus  negata  : 
Dulce  ridentem  Lalagen  amabo, 

Dulce  loquentem. 


ODE  XX. 

AD    VIRGILIUM. 


Q,uis  desiderio  sit  pudor  aut  modus 
Tam  cari  capitis  ?    Pr^cipe  lugubres 
Cantus,  Melpomene,  cui  liquidam  Pater 

Vocem  cum  cithara  dedit. 
Ergo  Quinctilium  perpetuus  sopor  6 

Urget !  cui  Pudor,  et  Justitia3  soror 
(Incorrupta  Fides,  nudaque  Veritas, 

Quando  uUum  inveniet  parem  1 
Multis  ille  bonis  flebilis  occidit ; 
Nulli  flebilior  quam  tibi,  Virgili.  10 

Tu  frustra  pius,  heu !  non  ita  creditum 

Poscis  Q,uinctilium  deos. 
Quod  si  Threicio  blandius  Orpheo 
Auditam  moderere  arboribus  fidem, 
Non  vanse  redeat  sanguis  imagini  15 

Q,uam  virga  semel  horrida, 
Non  lenis  precibus  fata  recludere, 
Nigro  compulerit  Mercurius  gregi. 
Durum  !  Sed  levius  fit  patientia 

Quidquid  corrigere  est  nefas.  20 


ODE  XXI. 

DE    ^LIO    LAMIA. 


Musis  amicus,  tristitiam  et  metus 
Tradam  protervis  in  mare  Creticum 
Portare  ventis  :  quis  sub  Arcto 
Rex  gelidae  metuatur  or<E, 
Q,uid  Teridaten  terreat,  unice  5 

Securus.     O,  quae  fontibus  integris 


10  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Gaudes,  apricos  necte  flores, 
Necte  meo  Lamia3  coronam, 
Pimplei"  dulcis !  nil  sine  te  mei 
Possunt  honores  :  hunc  fidibus  novis,  10 

Hunc  Lesbio  sacrare  plectro, 
Teque  tuasque  decet  sorores. 


ODE  XXII. 

AD  SODALES. 


Natis  in  usum  Iffititiae  scyphis 
Puffnare,  Thracum  est.     Tollite  barbarum 
Morem,  verecunduinque  Bacchum 
Sanguineis  prohibete  rixis. 
Vino  et  lucernis  Medus  acinaces 
Immane  quantum  discrepat !  Impium 
Lenite  clamorem,  sodales, 
Et  cubito  remanete  presso. 


ODE  XXIII. 

archytas. 


"Te  maris  et  terrae  numeroque  carentis  arenae 

Mensorem  cohibent,  Archyta, 
Pulveris  exigui  prope  Httus  parva  Matinum 

Munera  ;  nec  quidquam  tibi  prodest 
Aerias  tentasse  domos,  animoque  rotundum  5 

Percurrisse  pohim,  morituro  !  " 
"  Occidit  et  Pelopis  genitor,  conviva  deorum, 

Tithonusque  remotus  in  auras, 
Et  Jovis  arcanis  Minos  admissus  :  habentque 

Tartara  Panthoiden,  iterum  Orco  10 

Demissum,  quamvis,  clypeo  Trojana  refixo 

Tempora  testatus,  nihil  ultra 
Nervos  atque  cutem  morti  concesserat  atrae ; 

Judice  me,  non  sordidus  auctor 
Naturce  verique.     Sed  omnes  una  manet  nox,  15 

Et  calcanda  semel  via  leti. 
Dant  ahos  Furiae  torvo  spcctacula  Marti : 

Exitio  est  avidum  mare  nautis  : 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  47 

Mixta  senum  ac  juvenum  densentur  funera ;  QuIIum 

SaBva  caput  Proserpina  fugit.  20 

Me  quoque  devexi  rapidus  comes  Orionis 

Illyricis  Notus  obruit  undis. 
At  tu,  nauta,  vagaB  ne  parce  malignus  arenaB 

Ossibus  et  capiti  inhumato 
Particulam  dare  :  sic,  quodcunque  minabitur  Eurus     35 

Fluctibus  Hesperiis,  Venusinae 
Plectantur  silvje,  te  sospite ;  multaque  merces, 

Unde  potest,  tibi  defluat  aequo 
Ab  Jove,  Neptunoque  sacri  custode  Tarenti ! 

Negligis  immeritis  nocituram  30 

Postmodo  te  natis  fraudem  committere  ?    Fors  et 

Debita  jura  vicesque  superbaB 
Te  maneant  ipsum  :  precibus  non  linquar  inultis ; 

Teque  piacula  nulla  resolvent. 
Quanquam  festinas,  non  est  mora  longa;  licebit  ^ 

Injecto  ter  pulvere  curras." 


ODE  XXIV. 

AD  ICCIUM. 


Icci,  beatis  nunc  Arabum  invides 
Gazis,  et  acrem  militiam  paras 
Non  ante  devictis  SabseaB 
Regibus,  horribilique  Medo 
Nectis  catenas.     Quae  tibi  virginum,  5 

Sponso  necato,  barbara  serviet? 
Puer  quis  ex  aula  capillis 

Ad  cyathum  statuetur  unctis, 
Doctus  sagittas  tendere  Sericas 
Arcu  paterno  ?    duis  neget  arduis  10 

Pronos  relabi  posse  rivos 

Montibus,  et  Tiberim  reverti ; 
Quum  tu  coemptos  undique  nobiles 
Libros  PansBti,  Socraticam  et  domum, 

Mutare  loricis  Iberis,  .15 

Pollicitus  meliora,  tendis  1 
2* 


19  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 


ODE  XXV. 

AD  VENEREM. 

O  Venus,  regina  Gnidi  Paphique, 
Sperne  dilectam  Cypron,  et  vocantis 
Thure  te  multo  Glycer.Te  decoram 

Transfer  in  aedem. 
Fervidus  tecum  puer,  et  solutis 
Gratiae  zonis,  properentque  Nymphae, 
Et  parum  comis  sine  te  Juventas, 

Mercuriusque. 


ODE  XXVI. 

AD  APOLLINEM. 


CluiD  dedicatum  poscit  Apollinem 
Vates?  quid  orat,  de  patera  novum 
Fundens  liquorem  ?     Non  opimas 
Sardinige  segetes  feracis; 
Non  sestuossB  grata  Calabrise  5 

Armenta ;  non  aurum  aut  ebur  Indicum  ; 
Non  rura  quae  Liris  quieta 

Mordet  aqua,  taciturnus  amnis. 
Premant  Calena  falce,  quibus  dedit 
Fortuna,  vitem  :  dives  et  aureis  10 

Mercator  exsiccet  culullis 
Vina  Syra  reparata  merce, 
Dis  carus  ipsis ;  quippe  ter  et  quater 
Anno  revisens  sequor  Atlanticum 

Impune.     Me  pascant  olivae,  15 

Me  cichorea,  levesque  malvae. 
Frui  paratis  et  valido  mihi, 
Latoe,  dones,  et,  precor,  integra 
Cum  mcnte ;  nec  turpem  senectam 

Degere,  nec  cithara  carentem.  20 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  19 

ODE  XXVII. 

AD  LYRAM. 

PosciMUR . . .  si  quid  vacui  sub  umbra 
Lusimus  tecum,  quod  et  hunc  in  annum 
Vivat,  et  plures;  age,  dic  Latinum, 

Barbite,  carmen, 
Lesbio  primum  modulate  civi ;  6 

dui  ferox  bello,  tamen  inter  arma, 
Sive  jactatam  religarat  udo 

Littore  navim, 
Liberum,  et  IMusas,  Veneremque,  et  illi 
Semper  haBrentem  Puerum,  canebat,  10 

Et  Lycum  nigris  oculis  nigroque 

Crine  decorum. 
O  decus  Phcebi,  et  dapibus  supremi 
Grata  testudo  Jovis,  o  laborum 
Dulce  lenimen,  mihi  cunque  salve  15 

Rite  vocanti! 


ODE  XXVIII. 

AD  SEIPSUM. 


Parcus  deorum  cultor,  et  infrequens, 
Insanientis  dum  sapientiae 

Consultus  erro ;  nunc  retrorsum 
Vela  dare,  atque  iterare  cursus 
Cogor  relictos.     Namque  Diespiter,  6 

Igni  corusco  nubila  dividens 
Plerumque,  per  purum  tonantes 
Egit  equos,  volucremque  currum : 
Quo  bruta  telius,  et  vaga  flumina, 
Q,tto  Styx,  et  invisi  horrida  Tsenari  10 

Sedes,  Atlanteusque  finis 

Concutitur.    Valet  ima  summis 
Mutare,  et  insignia  attenuat  Deus, 
Obscura  promens  :  hinc  apicem  rapax 

Fortuna  cum  atridore  acuto  15 

Sustulit ;  hic  posuisse  gaudet. 


Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 
ODE  XXIX. 

AD  FORTUNAM  ANTIATEM. 

O  D5VA,  gratum  qujE  regis  Antium, 
Praesens  vel  imo  tollero  de  gradu 
Mortale  corpus,  vcl  superbos 
Vertere  funeri,bus  triumphos : 
Te  pauper  ambit  soUicita,  prece  5 

Ruris  colonus ;  te  dominam  aequoris, 
duicunque  Bithyna  lacessit 
Carpathium  pelagus  carina. 
Te  Dacus  asper,  te  profugi  Scythae, 
Urbesque,  gentesque,  et  Latium  ferox,  10 

Regumque  matres  barbarorum,  et 
Purpurei  metuunt  tyranni, 
Injurioso  ne  pede  proruas 
Stantem  columnam,  neu  populus  frequens 

Ad  arma  cessantes  ad  arma  15 

Concitet,  imperiumque  frangat. 
Te  semper  anteit  saeva  Necessitas, 
Clavos  trabales  et  cuneos  manu 
Gestans  ahena ;  nec  severus 

Uncus  abest,  Hquidumque  plumbum.  20 

Te  Spes  et  albo  rara  Fides  colit 
Velata  panno ;  nec  comitem  abnegat, 
Utcunque  mutata  potentes 
Veste  domos  inimica  hnquis. 
At  vulgus  infidum  et  meretrix  retro  25 

Perjura  cedit :  diffugiunt  cadis 
Cum  faece  siccatis  amici, 
Ferre  jugum  pariter  dolosi. 
Serves  iturum  Coesarem  in  ultimos 
Orbis  Britannos,  et  juvenum  recens  30 

Examen  Eois  timendum 

Partibus,  Oceanoque  Rubro. 
Eheu !  cicatricum  et  sceleris  pudet, 
Fratrumque.     Quid  nos  dura  refugimus 

iEtas?  quid  intactum  nefasti  35 

Liquimus?  unde  manum  juventus 
Metu  deorum  continuit  1  quibus 
Pepercit  aris?. . .  O  utinam  nova 
Incude  difhnffas  retusum  in 

Massagetas  Arabasque  femun !  .        40 


CARMINUM  LIB.  I.  21 

ODE  XXX. 

AD  PLOTIUM  NUMIDAM. 

Et  thure  et  fidibus  juvat 
Placare  et  vituli  sanguine  debito 

Custodes  Numidse  deos, 
dui  nunc  Hesperia  sospes  ab  ultima 

Caris  multa  sodalibus,  o 

Nulli  plura  tamen,dividit  oscula, 

duam  dulei  Lamise  ;  memor 
ActsB  non  alio  rege  puertiae, 

Mutat8eque.simul  togae. 
Cressa  ne  careat  pulchra  dies  nota ; 

Neu  promptse  modus  amphorae  : 
Neu  moremx  in  Sahum  sit  requies  pedum :    , 

Neu  muUi  Damalis  meri 
Bassum  Threicia  vincat  amystide  : 

Neu  desint  epulis  rosae,  1" 

Neu  vivax  apium,  neu  breve  lilium. 


10 


ODE  XXXI. 

AD  SODALES. 


5 


NuNc  est  bibendum,  nunc  pede  hbero 
Pulsanda  tellus ;  nunc  Saharibus 
Ornare  pulvinar  deorum 
Tempus  erat  dapibus,  sodales. 
Antehac  nefas  depromere  Caecubum 
Celhs  avitis,  dum  Capitoho 
Regina  dementes  ruinas, 
Funus  et  imperio  parabat, 
Contaminato  cum  grege  turpium 
Morbo  virorum,  quidhbet  impotens 
Sperare,  fortunaque  dulci 
Ebria.     Sed  minuit  furorem 
Vix  una  sospes  navis  ab  ignibus  : 
Mentemque  lymphatam  Mareotico 

Redegit  in  veros  timores  lo 

Caesar,  ab  Itaha  volantem 
Remis  adurgens,  accipiter  velut 
Mohes  columbas,  aut  leporem  citus 


10 


fjg^  CARMINUM    LIB.    I. 

Venator  in  campis  nivalis 

Hcemoniae,  daret  ut  catenis  20 

Fatale  monstrum  :  quce  generosius 
Perire  quaerens,  nec  muliebriter 
Expavit  ensem,  nec  latentes 
Classe  cita  reparavit  oras  : 
Ausa  et  jacentem  visere  regiam  25 

Vultu  sereno,  fortis  et  asperas 
Tractare  serpentes,  ut  atrum 
Corpore  combiberet  venenum; 
Deliberata  morte  ferocior : 

Saevis  Liburnis  sciJicet  invidens  30 

Privata  deduci  superbo 

Non  humilis  mulier  triumpho. 


ODE  XXXII. 

AD  PUERUM. 


Perstcos  odi,  puer,  apparatus ; 
Displicent  nexse  philyra  coronae  : 
Mitte  sectari,  rosa  quo  locorum 

Sera  moretur. 
Simplici  myrto  nihil  allabores 
Sedulus  curoe  :  neque  te  ministrum 
Dedecet  myrtus,  neque  me  sub  arcta 

Vite  bibentera. 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCI 
CARMINUM 


'        LIBER  SECUNDUS. 


ODE  I. 

AD  ASINIUM  POLLIONEM. 

MoTUM  ex  Metello  consule  civicum, 
Bellique  causas,  et  vitia,  et  modos, 
Ludumque  Fortunae,  gravesque 
Principum  amicitias,  et  arma 
Nondum  expiatis  uncta  cruoribus,  5 

Periculosae  plenum  opus  aleae, 
Tractas,  et  incedis  per  ignes 
Suppositos  cineri  doloso. 
Paulum  severae  Musa  tragGBdiae 
Desit  theatris  :  mox,  ubi  publicas  10 

Res  ordinaris,  grande  munus 
Cecropio  repetes  cothurno, 
Insigne  moestis  praesidium  reis, 
Et  consulenti,  Pollio,  curiae  ; 

Cui  laurus  aeternos  honores  15 

Dalmatico  peperit  triumpho. 
Jam  nunc  minaci  murmure  cornuum 
Perstringis  aures  :  jam  litui  strepunt ; 
Jam  fulgor  armorum  fugaces" 

Terret  equos,  equitumque  vultus.  20 

Audire  magnos  jam  videor  duces 
Non  indecoro  pulvere  sordidos, 
Et  cuncta  terrarum  subacta 

Praeter  atrocem  animum  Catonis. 
Juno,  et  deorum  quisquis  amicior  26 

A.fris  inulta  cesserat  impotens 


24  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 


• 


Tellure,  victorum  nepotes 
Retulit  inferias  Jugurthae. 
Q,uis  non,  Latino  sanguine  pinguior, 
Campus  sepulcris  impia  proBlia  30 

Testatur,  auditumque  Medis 
Hesperiae  sonitum  ruinae  1 
Q,ui  gurges,  aut  quae  flumina  lugubris 
Ignara  belli  ?  quod  mare  Dauniae 

Non  decoloravere  caedes?  35 

Q,uae  caret  ora  cruore  nostro  ? 
Sed  ne,  relictis,  Musa  procax,  jocis, 
Ceae  retractes  munera  Naeniae  : 
Mecum  Dionaeo   sub  antro 

Q,uaere  modos  leviore  plectro.  40 


ODE  II 

AD  CRISPUM  SALLUSTIUM. 


NuLLUs  argento  color  est  avaris 
Abdito  terris,  inimice  lamnae 
Crispe  Sallusti,  nisi  temperato 

Splendeat  usu. 
Vivet  extento  Proculeius  aevo,  5 

Notus  in  fratres  animi  paterni : 
Illum  aget  penna  metuente  solvi 

Fama  superstes. 
Latius  regnes  avidum  domando 
Spiritum,  quam  si  Libyam  remotis  10 

Gadibus  jungas,  et  uterque  Pcenus 

Serviat  uni. 
Crescit  indulgens  sibi  dirus  hydrops; 
Nec  sitim  pellit,  nisi  causa  morbi 
Fugerit  venis,  et  aquosus  albo  15 

Corpore  languor. 
Redditum  Cyri  solio  Phraaten, 
Dissidens  plebi,  numero  beatorum 
Eximit  Virtus  ;  populumque  falsis 

Dedocet  uti  20 

Vocibus  ;  regnum  et  diadema  tutum 
Deferens  uni,  propriamque  laurum, 
Quisquis  ingentes  oculo  irretorto 

Spectat  acervos. 


v 


CARMINUM  LIB.  II.  25 

ODE  III. 

AD  DELLILM. 

x^QUAM  memento  rebus  in  arduis 
Servare  mentem,  non  seciis  in  bonis 
Ab  insolenti  temperatam 
Laetitia,  moriture  Delli, 
Seu  mcestus  omni  tempore  vixeris,  5 

Seu  te  in  remoto  gramine  per  dies 
Festos  reclinatum  bearis 
Interiore  nota  Falerni, 
Q,ua  pinus  ingens  albaque  populus 
Umbram  hospitalem  consociare  amant  10 

Ramis,  qua  et  obliquo  laborat 
Lympha  fugax  trepidare  rivo. 
Huc  vina,  et  unguenta,  et  nimium  brevis 
Flores  amoRnos  ferre  jube  rosae, 

Dum  res,  et  aetas,  et  Sororum  15 

Fila  trium  patiuntur  atra. 
Cedes  coemptis  saltibus,  et  domo, 
Villaque  flavus  quam  Tiberis  lavit : 
Cedes  ;  et  exstructis  in  altum 

Divitiis  potietur  haeres.  20 

Divesne,  prisco  natus  ab  Inacho, 
Nil  interest,  an  pauper,  et  infima 
De  gente,  sub  divo  moreris, 
Victima  nil  miserantis  Orci. 
Omnes  eodem  cogimur  :  omnium  25 

Versatur  urna ;  seriiis  ocius 

Sors  exitura,  et  nos  in  aeternum 
Exsilium  impositura  cymbae. 


ODE  IV. 

AD  SEPTIMIUM. 


Septimi,  Gades  aditure  mecum,  et 
Cantabrum  indoctum  juga  ferre  nostra,  et 
Barbaras  Syrtes,  ubi  Maura  semper 

JSstuat  unda : 
Tibur,  Argeo  positum  colono, 
Sit  meae  sedes  utinam  senectae ! 
3 


26  Q.  HORATII  FLACCi 

Sit  modus  lasso  maris,  et  viarum, 

Militiaeque  ! 
Unde  si  Parcae  prohibent  iniquae, 
Dulce  pellitis  ovibus  Galaesi  10 

Flumen,  et  regnata  petam  Laconi 

Rura  Phalanto. 
Ille  terrarum  mihi  praeter  omnes 
Angulus  ridet,  ubi  non  Hymetto 
Mella  decedunt,  viridique  certat  15 

Bacca  Venafro ; 
Ver  ubi  longum,  tepidasque  praebei 
Jupiter  brumas ;  et  amicus  Aulon 
Fertili  Baccho  minimum  Falernis 

Invidet  uvis.  20 

Ille  te  mecum  locus  et  beatae 
Postulant  arces  :  ibi  tu  calentem 
Debita  sparges  lacryma  favillam 

Vatis  amici. 


i 

V 


ODE  V. 

AD  POMPEIUM. 


O  SiEPE  mecum  tempus  in  ultimum 
Deducte,  Bruto  miHtiae  duce, 
Q,uis  te  redonavit  Quiritem 
Dis  patriis,  Italoque  coelo, 
Pompei,  meorum  prime  sodalium  ?  5 

Cum  quo  morantem  ssepe  diem  mero 
Fregi,  coronatus  nitentes 
Malobathro  Syrio  capillos  ? 
Tecum  Philippos  et  celerem  fugam 
Sensi,  relicta  non  bene  parmula,  10 

Quum  fracta  virtus  et  minaces 
Turpe  solum  tetigere  mento. 
Sed  me  per  hostes  Mercurius  celer 
Denso  paventem  sustuHt  aere : 

Te  rursus  in  behum  resorbens  15 

Unda  fretis  tuHt  aestuosis. 
Ergo  obHgatam  redde  Jovi  dapem, 
Longaque  fessum  miHtia  latus 
Depone  sub  lauro  mea :  nec 

Parce  cadis  tib'  destinatis.  20 


CARMINUM  LIB.  II.  27 

Oblivioso  levia  Massico 
Ciboria  exple  :  funde  capacibus 
Unguenta  de  conchis.    Quis  udo 

Deproperare  apio  coronas  . 

Curatve  myrto'?  quem  Venus  arbitrum  25 

Dicet  bibendi?    Non  ego  sanius 
Bacchabor  Edonis :  recepto 
Dulce  mihi  furere  est  amico. 


ODE  VI. 

AD  VALGIUM. 

0 

NoN  semper  imbres  nu])ibus  hispidos 
Manant  in  agros,  aut  mare  Caspium 
Vexant  inajquales  procellae 
Usque  ;  nec  Armeniis  in  oris, 
Amice  Valgi,  stat  glacies  iners  5 

Menses  per  omnes  ;  aut  Aquilonibus 
Querceta  Gargani  laborant, 
Et  foliis  viduantur  orni. 
Tu  semper  urges  flebilibus  modis 
Mysten  ademptum :  nec  tibi  Vespero  10 

Surgente  decedunt  amores, 
Nec  rapidum  fugiente  vSolem. 
At  non  ter  sevo  functus  amabilem 
Ploravit  omnes  Antilochum  senex 

Annos  :  nec  impubem  parentes  15 

Troilon,  aut  Phrygiee  sorores, 
Flevere  semper.    Desine  mollium 
Tandem  querelarum :  et  potius  nova 
Cantemus  Augusti  tropsea 

Ceesaris,  et  rigidum  Niphaten,  20 

Medumque  flumen,  gentibus  additum 
Victis,  minores  volvere  vortic«s, 
Intraque  prsescriptum  Gelonos 
Exiguis  equitare  campis. 


28  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 


/  - 


ODEVII. 

AD  LICINIUiM. 

Rectius  vives,  Licini,  neque  altum 
Semper  urgendo,  neque,  dum  procellas 
Cautus  horrescis,  nimiiam  premendo 

Littus  iniquum. 
Auream  quisquis  mediocritatem  6 

Diligit,  tutus  caret  obsoleti 
Sordibus  tecti,  caret  invidenda 

Sobrius  aula. 
Saeviiis- ventis  agitatur  ingens 

Pinus :  et  celsae  graviore  casu  10 

Decidunt  turres :  feriuDK-ue  summos 

Fulgura  montes. 
Sperat  infestis,  metuit  secundis, 
Alteram  sortem  bene  prseparatum 
Pectus.    Informes  hiemes  reducit  15 

Jupiter,  idem 
Submovet.    Non,  si  male  nunc,  et  ohm 
Sic  erit :  quondam  cithara  tacentem 
Suscitat  Musam,  neque  semper  arcum 

Tendit,  Apollo.  20 

Rebus  angustis  animosus  atque 
Fortis  appare  :  sapienter  idem 
Contrahes  vento  niniium  secundo 

Turgida  vela. 


ODE  VIII. 

AD  QUINCTIUM. 


duiD  belHcosus  Cantaber,  et  Scythes, 
Hirpine  duincti,  cogitet,  Hadiia 

Divisus  objecto,  remittas 

Quaerere  :  nec  trepides  in  usum 
Poscentis  sevi  pauca.    Fugit  retro  6 

Levis  Juventas,  et  Decor,  arida 

Pellente  lascivos  Amores 

Canitie,  facilemque  Somnum. 
Non  semper  idem  floribus  est  honor 
Vernis  ;  neque  uno  Luna  rubens  nitet  10 


CARMINUM  LIB.  II 

Vultu  :  quid  aeternis  minorem 
Consiliis  animum  fetigas'? 
Cur  non  sub  alta  vel  platano  vel  hac 
Pinu  jacentes  sic  temere,  et  rosa 

Canos  odorati  capillos,  15 

Dum  licet,  Assyriaque  nardo 
Potamus  uncti  ?    Diesipat  Evius 
Curas  edaces.    Q,uis  puer  ocius 
Restinguet  ardentis  Falerni 

Pocula  prsetereunte  ly mpl  a  ?  20 


ODE  IX. 

AD  M^CENATEM. 


NoLis  longa  ferse  bella  Numantis, 

Nec  durum  Hannibalem,  liec  Siculum  mare 

PcEno  purpureum  sanguiiie,  mollibus 

Aptari  citharre  inodis ; 
Nec  ssevos  Lapithas,  et  nimium  mero  5 

Hylseum  ;  domitosve  Herculea  manu 
Telluris  juvenes,  unde  periculum 

Fulgens  contremuit  domus 
Saturni  veteris.    Tuque  pedestribus 
Dices  historiis  prcelia  Caesaris,  "  10 

Maecenas;  melius,  ductaque  per  vias 

Resum  colla  minantiura. 
Me  dulces  dominee  Musa  Licymniae 
Cantus,  me  voluit  dicere  lucidum 
Fulgentes  oculos,  et  bene  mutuis  15 

Fidum  pectus  amoribus: 
Quam  nec  ferre  pedem  dedecuit  choris, 
Nec  certare  joco,  nec  dare  brachia 
Ludentem  nitidis  virginibus,  sacro 

Dianae  celebris  die."  20 

Num  tu,  quae  tenuit  dives  Achaemenes, 
Aut  pinguis  Phrygise  Mygdonias  opes, 
Permutare  velis  crine  Licymnia3, 

Plenas  aut  Arabum  domos? 
3» 


30  Q.  HORATIl  FLACCI 

ODE  X. 

IN    ARBOREM. 

Ille  et  nefasto  te  posuit  die, 
Q,uicunque  primum  et  sacrilega  manu 
Produxit,  arbos,  in  nepotum 

Perniciem,  opprobriumque  pagi : 
Illum  et  parentis  crediderim  sui  5 

Fregisse  cervicem,  et  penetralia 
Sparsisse  nocturno  cruore 
Hospitis  :  ille  venena  Colcha, 
Et  quidquid  usquam  concipitur  nefas, 
Tractavit,  agro  qui  statuit  meo  10 

Te,  triste  lignum,  te,  caducum 
In  domini  caput  immerentis. 
Q,uid  quisque  vitet,  nunquam  homini  satis 
Cautum  est,  in  horas.     Navita  Bosporum 

Poenus  perhorrescit,  neque  ukra  15 

Caeca  timet  aliunde  fata ; 
Miles  sagittas  et  celerem  fugam 
Parthi ;  catenas  Parthus  et  Italum 
Robur  :  sed  improvisa  leti 

Vis  rapuit  rapietque  gentes.  30 

Ouam  pene  furi®  regna  Proserpinse, 
Et  judicaiitem  vidimus  ^Eacum  ; 
Sedesque  discretas  piorum  et 
iEoUis  fidibus  querentem 
Sappho  puelhs  de  popularibus ;  25 

Et  te  sonantem  plenius  aureo, 
AlccEe,  plectro  dura  navis, 
Dura  fugse  mala,  dura  beUi ! 
Utrumque  sacro  digna  silentio 

Mirantur  umbra^  dicere  :  sed  magis  30 

Pugnas  et  exactos  tyrannos 

Densum  humeris  bibit  aure  vulgus. 
duid  mirum,  ubi  ilUs  carminibus  stupena 
Demittit  atras  bellua  centiceps 

Aures,  et  intorti  capillis  35 

Eumenidum  recreantur  angues? 
Q,uin  et  Prometheus,  et  Pelopis  parens, 
Dulci  laborum  decipitur  sono  : 
Nec  curat  Orion  leones 

Aut  tiraidos  agitare  lyncas.  40 


CARMINUM  LIB.  II.  31 


ODEXI. 

AD  POSTHUMUM. 

Eheu  1  fugaces,  Posthume,  Posthume, 
Labuntur  anni :  nec  pietas  moram 
Rugis  et  instanti  senectse 
Afferet,  indomitseque  morti. 
Non,  si  trecenis,quotquot  eunt  dies,  o 

Amice,  places  illacrymabilem 
Plutona  tauris  ;  qui  ter  amplum 
Geryonen  Tityonque  tristi 
Compescit  unda,  scilicet  omnibus, 
Quicunque  terrse  munere  vescimur,  IV' 

Enaviganda,  sive  reges, 
Sive  inopes  erimus  coloni. 
Frustra  cruento  Marte  carebimus, 
Fractisque  rauci  fluctibus  Hadriae ; 
Frustrii  per  autumnos  nocentem 
Corporibus  metuemus  Austrum. 
Visendus  ater  flumine  languido 
Cocytus  errans,  et  Danai  genus 
Infame,  damnatusque  longi 
Sisyphus  iEoUdes  laboris. 
Linquenda  tellus,  et  domus,  et  placens 
Uxor  :  neque  harum  quas  colis  arborum 
Te,  preeter  invisas  cupressos, 
Ulla  brevem  dominum  sequetur. 
Absumet  haeres  Caecuba  dignior 
Servata  centum  clavibus ;  et  mero 
Tinget  pavimentum  superbura 
Pontificum  potiore  coenis. 


15 


30 


25 


ODEXII.     . 

IN    SUI    S^CUH   LUXURIAM. 

Jam  pauca  aratro  jugera  regiae^ 
Moles  reUnquent :  undique  latiiis 
Extenta  visentur  Lucrino 

Stagna  lacu ;  platanusque  ccelebs 
Evincet  u^mos :  tum  violaria  et 
Myrtus,  et  omnis  copia  narium 


32  Q-  HORATII  FLACCl 

Spargent  olivetis  odorem, 
Fertilibus  domino  priori . 
Tum  spissa  ramis  laurea  fervidos 
Excludet  ictus.     Non  ita  Romuli  10 

Praescriptum  et  intonsi  Catonis 
Auspiciis,  veterumque  norma. 
Privatus  illis  census  erat  brevis, 
Commune  magnum  :  nulla  decempedis 

Metata  privatis  opacam  15 

Porticus  excipiebat  Arcton  : 
Nec  fortuitum  spernere  cespitem 
Leges  sinebant,  oppida  publico 
Sumptu  jubentes  et  deorum 

Templa  novo  decorare  sa:.o.  20 


ODE  XIII. 

AD    GROSPHUM. 


Otium  divos  rogat  in  patenti 
Prensus  iEgseo,  simul  atra  nubes 
Condidit  lunam,  neque  certa  fulgent 

Sidera  nautis : 
Otium  bello  furiosa  Thrr  ^e,  5 

Otium  Medi  pharetra  decori, 
Grosphe,  non  gemmis,  neque  purpur^  ve- 

nale,  neque  auro. 
Non  enim  gaza?,  neque  consularis 
Summovet  lictor  miseros  tumultus  10 

Mentis,  et  curas  laqueata  circum 

Tecta  volante^, 
Vivitur  parvo  bene,  cui  paternum 
Splendet  in  mensa  tenui  sahnum  : 
Nec  leves  somnos  timor  aut  cupido  15 

Sordidus  aufert. 
Quid  brevi  fortes  jaculamur  Eevo 
Multa  ?     Quid  terras  alio  calcntes 
Solc  mutamus  ?     Patrise  quis  exsui 

Se  quoque  fugit?  '  20 

Scandit  seratas  viticsa  naves 
Cura;  nec  turmas  equitum  relinquit, 
Ocior  cervis,  et  agente  nimbos 

Ocior  Euro. 


CARxMlNUM  Llli.  II.  33 

Laetus  in  prsesens  animus  quod  ultra  est  25 

Oderit  curare,  et  amara  lento 
Temperet  risu.     Nihil  est  ab  omni 

Parte  beatum. 
Abstulit  clarum  cita  mors  Achillem ; 
Longa  Tithonum  minuit  senectus  ;  30 

Et  mihi  forsan,  tibi  quod  negarit, 

Porriget  hora. 
Te  greges  centum  Siculaeque  circum 
Mugiunt  vaccae  ;  tibi  tollit  hinnitum 
Apta  quadrigis  equa ;  te  bis  Afro  35 

Murice  tinctae 
Vestiunt  lanoe  :  mihi  parva  rura  et 
Spiritum  Graiae  tenuem  Camoenae 
Parca  non  mendax  dedit,  et  malignum 

Spernere  vulgus.  40 


ODE  XIV. 

AD  M^CENATEM    ^GROTUM. 


CuR  me  querelis  exanimas  tuis  ? 
Nec  dis  amicum  est,  nec  mihi,  te  priiis 
Obire,  Maecenas,  mearum 

Grande  decus  columenque  rerum. 
Ah  !  te  meae  si  partem  animae  rapit  5 

Maturior  vis,  quid  moror  altera, 
Nec  carus  aeque,  nec  superstes 
Integer  ?  Ille  dies  utramque 
Ducet  ruinam.     Non  ego  perfidura 
Dixi  sacramentum  :  ibimus,  ibimus,  10 

Utcunque  praecedes,  supremum 
Carpere  iter  comites  parati. 
Me  nec  Chimaerffi  spiritus  igneae, 
Nec,  si  resurgat  centimanus  Gyges, 

Divellet  unquam  :  sic  potenti  15 

Justitia;  placitumque  Parcis. 
Seu  Libra,  seu  me  Scorpius  aspicit 
Formidolosus,  pars  violentior 
Natalis  hora^,  seu  tyrannus 

Ilesperiae  Capricornus  undae;  20 

Utrumque  nostriim  incredibili  modo 
Consentit  astrum.     Te  Jovis  impio 


34  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Tutela  Saturno  refulo-ens 
Eripuit,  volucrisque  fati 
Tardavit  alas,  quum  populus  frequens  25 

Laetum  theatris  ter  crepuit  sonum  : 
Me  truncus  illapsus  cerebro 
Sustulerat,  nisi  Faunus  ictum 
Dextra  levasset,  Mercurialiura 
Custos  virorum.     Reddere  victimas 
iEdemque  votivam  memento  : 
'  Nos  humilem  feriemus  agnam. 


ODE  XV. 


NoN  ebur,  rieque  aureum 
Mea  renidet  in  domo  lacunar  : 

Non  trabes  Hymettiae 
Premunt  columnas  ultima  recisas 

Africa:  neque  Attali  5 

Ignotus  haeres  regiam  occupavi : 

Nec  Laconicas  mihi 
Trahunt  honestaj  purpuras  clientae. 

At  fidcs  et  ingeni 
Benigna  vena  est;  pauperemque  dives  10 

Me  petit :  nihil  supra 
Deos  lacesso;  nec  potentem  amicum 

Largiora  flagito, 
Satis  beatus  unicis  Sabinis. 

Truditur  dies  die,  15 

Novaeque  pergunt  interire  lunae : 

Tu  secanda  marmora 
Locas  sub  ipsum  funus;  et,  sepulcri 

Immemor,  struis  domos; 
Marisque  Baiis  obstrepentis  urges  20 

Submovere  littora, 
Parum  locuples  continente  ripa. 

Quid?  quod  usqiie  proxinios 
Revellis  agri  terminos,  et  ultra 

Limites  clientium  25 

Salis  avarus;  pellitur  paternos 

In  sinu  ferens  deos 
Et  uxor,  et  vir,  sordidosque  natos! 

NuIIa  certior  tamen, 


CARMINUM  LIB.  II.  35 

Rapacis  Orci  fine  destinata,  '  30 

Aula  divitem  manet 
Herum.    Quid  ultra  tendis  ?    ^qua  tellus 

Pauperi  recluditur 
Regumque  pueris  :  nec  satelles  Orci 

Callidum  Promethea  35 

Revexitj  auro  captus.     Hic  superbum 

Tantalum  atque  Tantali 
Genus  coercet :  hic  levare  tunctum 

Pauperem  laboribus, 
Vocatus  atque  non  vocatus,  audit. 


ODE  xvr. 

IN  BACCHUM. 


Bacciium  in  remotis  carmina  rupibus 
Vidi  docentem  (credite,  posteri), 
Nymphasque  discentes,  et  aures 
Capripedum  Satyrorum  acutas. 
Evoe  !  recenti  mens  trepidat  metu,  6 

Plenoque  Bacchi  pectore  turbidura 
Laetatur  !    Evoe !  parce,  Liber  ! 
Parce,  gravi  metuende  tbyrso ! 
Fas  pervicaces  est  mihi  Thyiadas, 
Vinique  fontem,  lactis  et  uberes  10 

Cantare  rivos,  atque  truncis 
Lapsa  cavis  iterare  mella. 
Fas  et  beatae  conjugis  additum 
Stellis  honorem,  tectaque  Penthei" 

Disjecta  non  leni  ruina,  15 

Thracis  et  exitium  Lycurgi. 
Tu  flectis  amnes,  tu  mare  barbarum : 
Tu  separatis  uvidus  in  jugis 
Nodo  coerces  viperino 

Bistonidum  sine  fraude  crines :  20 

Tu,  quum  parentis  regna  per  arduum 
Cohors  Gigantum  scanderet  impia, 
Rhoetum  retorsisti  leonis 

Unguibus  horribilique  mala; 
Quanquam,  choreis  aptior  et  jocis  25 

Ludoque  dictus,  non  sat  idoneus 


36  CARMINUM  LIB.  II. 

Pugnae  ferebaris  :  sed  idem 
Pacis  eras  mediusque  belli. 
Te  vidit  insons  Cerberus  aureo 
Cornu  decorum,  leniter  atterens  30 

Caudam  ;  et  recedentis  trilingui 
Ore  pedes  tetigitque  crura. 


ODE  XVII. 

AD  MiECENATEM. 


NoN  usitata,  non  tenui  ferar 
Penna  biformis  per  liquidum  aethera 
Vates:  neque  in  terris  morabor 
Longiiis :  invidiaque  major 
Urbes  relinquam.    Non  ego,  pauperum  5 

Sanguis  parentum,  non  ego,  quem  vocas 
Dilecte,  Maecenas,  obibo, 

Nec  Stygia  cohibebor  unda. 
Jam  jam  residunt  cruribus  asperse 
Pelles  :  et  album  mutor  in  alitem  10 

Superna :  nascunturque  leves 
Per  digitos  humerosque  plumae. 
Jam  Dsedaleo  ocior  Icaro 
Visam  gementis  Httora  Bospori, 

Syrtesque  Gaetulas,  canorus  15 

Ales,  Hyperboreosque  campos. 
Me  Colchus,  et  qui  dissimulat  metura 
Marsae  cohortis  Dacus,  et  ultimi 
Noscent  Geloni :  me  peritus 

Discet  Iber,  Rhodanique  potor.  20 

Absint  inani  funere  nteniae, 
Luctusque  turpes,  et  querimoniae : 
Compesce  clamorem,  ac  sepulcri 
Mitte  supervacuos  honores. 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCI 
C  A  R  M I N  U  M 

LIBER  TERTIUS. 


ODE  I. 

Odi  profanum  vulgus,  et  arceo. 
Favete  linguis :  carmina  non  prius 
Audifa  Musarum  sacerdos 
Virginibus  puerisque  canto. 
Regum  timendorum  in  proprios  greges,  5 

Reges  in  ipsos  imperium  est  Jovis, 
Clari  Giganteo  triumpho, 
Cuncta  supercilio  moventis. 
Est  ut  viro  vir  latius  ordinet 

Arbusta  sulcis ;  hic  generosior  10 

Descendat  in  Campum  petitor ; 
JMoribus  hic  meliorque  fama 
Contendat ;  illi  turba  clientium 
Sit  major  :  aequa  lege  Necessitas 

Sortitur  insignes  et  imos;  X5 

Omne  capax  movet  urna  nomen, 
Districtus  ensis  cui  super  impia 
Cervice  pendet,  non  Siculae  dapes 
Dulcem  elaborabunt  saporem ; 

Non  avium  citharaeque  cantus  20 

Somnum  reducent.    Somnus  agrestium 
Lenis  virorum  non  humiles  doraos 
Fastidit,  umbrosamve  ripam^ 
Non  Zephyris  agitata  Tempe: 
Desiderantem  quod  satis  est,  neque  25 

Tumultuosum  sollicitat  mare, 
Nec  saevus  Arcturi  cadentis 
Impetus,  aut  orientis  Hoedi : 
4 


30 


38  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Non  verberatae  grandine  vineae  ; 
Fundusve  mendax,arbore  nunc  aquas 
Culpante,  nunc  torrentia  agros 
Sidera,  nunc  bienies  iniquas. 
Contracta  pisces  a^quora  sentiunt, 
Jactis  in  altum  molibus  :  huc  frequens 

Caementa  demittit  redemptor  35 

Cum  famulis,  dominusque  terrae 
Fastidiosus  :   sed  Timor  et  Minse 
Scandunt  eodem  quo  dominus  ;  neque 
Decedit  aerata  triremi,  et 

Post  equitem  sedet  atra  Cura.  40 

Quod  si  dolentem  nec  Phrygius  lapis, 
Nec  purpurarum  sidere  clarior 
Delenit  usus,  nec  Falerna 

Vitis,  Achaemeniumve  costum ; 
Cur  invidendis  postibus  et  novo  45 

Sublime  ritu  moliar  atrium  ? 
Cur  valle  permutem  Sabina 
Divitias  operosiores? 


ODE  II. 

Angustam  amice  pauperiem  pati 
Robustus  acri  militia  puer 

Condiscat ;  et  Parthos  feroces 
Vexet  eques  metuendus  hasta. : 
Vitamque  sub  divo  et  trepidis  agat  5 

In  rebus.    IUum  ex  mcenibus  hosticis 
Matrona  bellantis  tyranni 
Prospiciens,  et  aduha  virgo, 
Suspiret :  "  Eheu  !  ne  rudis  agminum 
Sponsus  lacessat  regius  asperum  10 

Tactu  leonem,  quem  cruenta 
Per  medias  rapit  ira  caedes." 
Dulce  et  decorum  est  pro  patria  mori : 
Mors  et  fugacem  persequitur  virum, 

Nec  parcit  imbelUs  juventse  15 

Poplitibus  timidove  tergo. 
Virtus,  repulsae  nescia  sordidae, 
Intaminatis  fulget  honoribus : 


CARMINCJM  LIB.  III.  39 

Nec  sumit  aut  ponit  secures 

Arbitrio  popularis  aurae.  20 

Virtus,  recludens  innneritis  mori 
Coelum,  negata  tentat  iter  via, : 
Ccetusque  vulgares  et  udam 

Spernit  humum  fugiente  penna. 
Est  et  fideli  tuta  silentio  25 

Merces  :  vetabo,  qui  Cereris  sacrum 
Vulgarit  arcanse,  sub  isdem 

Sit  trabibus,  fragilemve  mecum 
Soivat  faselum.     Ssepe  Diespiter 
Neglectus  incesto  addidit  integrum :  30 

Raro  antecedentem  scelestum 
Deseruit  pede  Poena  claudo. 


ODx.  ili. 

JusTUM  ac  tenacem  propositi  virum 
Non  civium  ardor  prava  jubentium, 
Non  vultus  instantis  tyranni 

Mente  quatit  solida,  neque  Austcr, 
Dux  inquieti  turbidus  Hadriae,  5 

Nec  fulminantis  magna  Jovis  manus  : 
Si  fractus  illabatur  orbis, 
Impavidum  ferient  ruinne, 
Hac  arte  Pollux,  et  vagus  Hercules, 
Enisus,  arces  attigit  igneas  :  10 

Quos  inter  Augustus  recumbens 
Purpureo  bibit  ore  nectar. 
Ilac  te  merentem,  Bacche  pater,  tuae 
Vexere  tigres,  indocili  jugum 

Collo  trahentes.     Hac  Q,uirinus  15 

Martis  equis  Acheronta  fugit; 
Gratum  eloquuta  consiliantibus- 
Junone  divis:  "IHon,  IHon 
FataHs,  incestusque  judex, 

Et  mulier  peregrina,  vertit  20 

In  pulverem,  ex  quo  destituit  deos 
Mercede  pacta  Laomedon,  mihi 

Castaeque  damnatum  Minervae  . 

Cum  populo  et  duce  fraudulentoj 
Jam  nec  Lacaenoe  splendet  adulterae  25 


40  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Famosus  hospes,  nec  Priami  domus 
Perjura  pugnaces  Achivos 
Hectoreis  opibus  refringit : 
Nostrisque  ductum  seditionibus 
Bellum  resedit.    Frotenus  et  graves  30 

Iras,  et  invisum  nepotcm, 

Troica  quem  peperit  sacerdos, 
Marti  redonal)o.  Ilhim  ego  lucidas 
Inire  sedes,  ducere  nectaris 

Succos,  et  adscribi  quietis  35 

Ordinibus  patiar  deorum. 
Dum  longus  inter  saeviat  Ihon 
Romamque  pontus ;  quahbet  exsules 
In  parte  regnanto  beati  : 

Dum  Priami  Paridisque  busto  40 

Insuket  armentum,  et  catulos  ferae 
Celent  inukae  ;  stet  Capitolium 
Fulgens,  triumpliatisque  possit 
Roma  ferox  dare  jura  Medis. 
Horrenda  late  nomen  in  ukimas  45 

Extendat  oras  ;  qua  medius  hquor 
Secernit  Europen  ab  Afro, 

Q,ua  tumidus  rifjat  arva  Niius : 
Aurum  irrepertum,  et  sic  mehiis  situm 
duum  terra  celat,  spernere  fortior,  50 

Quam  cogere  humanos  in  usus, 
Omne  sacrum  rapiente  dextra. 
Quicunque  mundo  terminus  obstitit, 
Hunc  tangat  armis,  visere  gesticns 

Q,ua  parte  debacchentur  ignes,  55 

Qua  nebuljE  pkiviique  rores, 
Sed  belhcosis  fata  Quiritibus 
Hac  lege  dico,  ne,  nimiiun  pii, 
Rebusque  fidentes,  avitse 

Tecta  vehnt  reparare  Trojae.  60 

Troj^  renascens  ahte  lugubri 
Fortuna  tristi  clade  iterabitur, 
Ducente  victrices  catervas 
Conjuge  me  Jovis  et  sorore. 
Ter  si  resurirat  rnurus  aheneus  65 

Auctore  PhcKbo  ;  ter  pereat  meis 
Excisus  Argivis  ;  ter  uxor 

Capta  virum  puerosque  ploret.' 
Non  htEC  jocosae  conveniunt  lyrae. 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III.  41 

Quo,  Musa,  tendis  1     Desine  pervicax  70 

Rv-^Jerre  sermones  deorum,  et 
Magna  modis  tenuare  parvis. 


ODE  IV. 

AD  CALLTOPEN. 


Descende  coelo,  dic  age  tibia 
Regina  longum,  Calliope,  melos, 
Seu  voce  nunc  mavis  acuta, 
Seu  fidibus  citharaque  Phcebi. 
Auditis?  an  me  ludit  amabilis  5 

Insania?  Audire  et  videor  pios 
Errare  per  lucos,  amcenae 

Q,uos  et  aqua3  subeunt  et  aurae. 
Me  fabulosae,  Vuhure  in  Appulo, 
AUricis  extra  limen  ApuUa3,  10 

Ludo  fatigatumque  somno 

Fronde  nova  puerum  palumbes 
Texere  :  mirum  quod  foret  omnibus, 
duicunque  celsse  nidum  Acherontiae, 

Saltusque  Bantinos,  et  arvum  15 

Pingue  tenent  humilis  Forenti ; 
Ut  tuto  ab  atris  corpore  viperis 
Dormirem  et  ursis  ;  ut  premerer  sacra 
Lauroque  collataque  myrto, 

Non  sine  dis  animosus  infans.  20 

Vester,  Camcense,  vester  in  arduos 
Tollor  Sabinos;  seu  mihi  frigidum 
Praeneste,  seu  Tibur  supinum, 
Seu  liquidce  placuere  Baiae. 
Vestris  amicum  fontibus  et  choris  25 

Non  me  PhiHppis  versa  acies  retro, 
Devota  non  exstinxit  arbos,   " 
Nec  Sicula  Palinurus  unda. 
Utcunque  mecum  vos  eritis,  Hbens 
Insanientem  navita  Bosporum  30 

Tentabo,  et  arentes  arenas 
Littoris  Assyrii  viator : 
Visam  Britannos  hospitibus  feros, 
Et  laitum  equino  sanguine  Concanum; 

Visam  pharetratos  Gelonos,  35 

4* 


42  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Et  Scythiciim  inviolatus  amnem. 
Vos  Caesareni  altum,  militia  simul 
Fessas  cohortes  abdidit  oppidis, 
Finire  qua^rentem  labores 

Pierio  recreatis  antro.  40 

Vos  lene  consilium  et  datis,  et  dato 
Gaudetis,  ahnae.     Scimus  ut  impios 
Titanas  immanemque  turmam 
Fuhiiine  sustulerit  caduco, 
Qui  terram  inertem,  qui  mare  temperat  45 

Ventosum,  et  urbes,  regnaque  triitia, 
Divosque,  mortalesque  turbas, 
Imperio  regit  unus  aequo. 
Magnum  illa  terrorem  intulerat  Jovi 
Fidens  juventus  horrida  brachiis,  50 

Fratresque  tendentes  opaco 
PeHon  imposuisse  Olympo. 
Sed  quid  Typhceus,  et  vaUdus  Mimas, 
Aut  quid  minaci  Porphyrion  statu, 

Q,uid  Rhoetus,  evulsisque  truncis  55 

Enceladus  jaculator  audax, 
Contra  sonantem  Palladis  a;gida 
Possent  ruentes  ?    Hinc  avidus  stetit 
Vulcanus;  hinc  matrona  Juno,  et 

Nunquam  hume^-is  positurus  arcum,  60 

Q,ui  rore  puro  Castalise  lavit 
Crines  solutos,  qui  Lyciae  tenet 
Dumeta  natalemque  silvam, 
Delius  et  Patareus  Apollo. 
Vis  consili  expers  mole  ruit  sua  :  65 

Vim  temperatam  di  quoque  provehunt 
In  majus  :  idem  odere  vires 
Omne  nefas  animo  moventes. 
Testis  mearum  centimanus  Gyges 
Sententiarum  ;  notus  et  integrae  70 

Tentator  Orion  Diana;, 

Virginea  domitus  sagitta.  ^ 

Injecta  monstris  terra  dolet  suis, 
Moeretque  partus  fulmine  luridura 

Missos  ad  Orcu-ii :  nec  peredit  76 

Impositam  ccler  ignis  JEtnen : 
Incontinentis  nec  Tityi  jecur 
Relinquit  ales,  nequiti8&  additus 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III.  43 

Custos  :  amatorem  trecentae 

Pirithoiim  cohibent  catenae.  80 


> 


ODE  V. 

CoELo  tonantem  credidimus  Jovem 
Regnare  :  prsesens  divus  habebitur 
Au.gustus,  adjectis  Britannis 
Imperio,  gravibusque  Persis. 
Milesne  Crassi  conjuge  barbara  5 

Turpis  maritus  vixit !  et  hostium 
(Proh  curia,  inversique  mores!) 
Consenuit  socerorum  in  arv!;i, 
Sub  rege  Medo,  Marsus  et  Appuius, 
AnciHorum  et  nominis  ct  togae  10 

Oblitus,  aeternaBque  Vostae, 
Incolumi  Jove  et  urbe  Roma ! 
Hoc  caverat  mens  provida  Reguli, 
Dissentientis  conditionibus 

Foedis,  et  exemplo  trahenti  15 

Perniciem  veniens  in  aevum, 
Si  non  periret  immiserabilis 
Captiva  pubes.    "  Signa  ego  Punicis 
Affixa  delubris,  et  arma 

Mihtibus  sine  caede,"  dixit,  20 

**  Direpta  vidi :  vidi  ego  civium 
Retorta  tergo  brachia  libero, 
Portasque  non  clausas,  et  arva 
Marte  coh  populata  nostro. 
Auro  repensus  scihcet  acrior  25 

Miles  redibit?    Flagitio  additis 
Damnum.    Neque  amissos  colores 
Lana  refert  medicaia  fuco; 
Nec  vera  virtus,  quum  semel  excidit, 
Curat  reponi  deterioribus.  30 

Si  pugnat  extricata  densis 
Cerva  plagis ;  erit  ille  fortis, 
dui  perfidis  se  credidit  hostibus ; 
Et  Marte  Pcenos  proteret  altero, 

Q,ui  lora  restrictis  lacertis  35 

Sensit  iners,  timuitque  mortem. 
Hic,  unde  vitam  sumeret  inscius, 


44  '  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Pacem  diiello  miscuit.    O  pudor  ! 

O  magna  Cartliago,  probrosis  * 

Altior  Italia3  ruinis  !"  40 

Fertur  pudicae  conjugis  osculum, 
Parvosque  natos,  ut  capitis  minor, 
Ab  se  removisse,  et  virilem 
Torvus  humi  posuisse  vultum : 
Bonec  labantes  consilio  patres  45 

Firmaret  auctor  nunquam  alias  dato, 
Interque  moerentes  amicos 
Egregius  properaret  ex.-ul. 
Atqui  sciobat  qufE  sibi  barbarus 
Tortor  pararet :  non  aliter  tamen  60 

Dimovil  obstantes    propinquos, 
Et  populum  reditus  morantem, 
Quam  si  clientum  longa  negotia 
Dijudicata  lite  relinqueret, 

Tendens  Venafranos  in  agros,  65 

Aut  Lacedaemonium  Tarentum. 


ODE  VI. 

AD  ROMANOS. 


Delicta  majorum  immeritus  lues, 
Romane,  donec  templa  refeceris, 
iEdesque  labentes  deorum,  et 
Fceda  nigro  simulacra  fumo. 
Dis  te  minorem  quoa  geris,  imperas:  6 

Hinc  omne  principium,  huc  reler  exitum. 
Di  multa  neglecti  dederunt 
IlesperifE  mala  luctuosae. 
Jam  bis  Monaeses  et  Pacori  manus 
Non  auspicatos  contudit  impetus  10 

Nostros,  et  adjecisse  prajdam 
Torquibus  exiguis  renidet. 
Pene  occupatam  seditionibus 
Delcvit  urbem  Dacus  et  ^thiops ; 

Ilic  classe  formidatus,  ille  16 

MissiliVnis  melior  sagittis. 
Foecunda  culpai  sajcula  nuptias 
Primum  inquinavere  et  genus  et  domos: 
IIoc  foiite  derivata  clades 


€ARMINUM  LIB.  III.  45 

In  patriam  populumque  fluxit.  20 

Motus  doceri  gaudet  lonicos 
Matura  virgo,  et  fingitur  artibus : 
Jam  nunc  et  incestos  amores 
De  tenero  meditatur  ungui. 
Non  his  juventus  orta  parentibus  25 

Infecit  aequor  sanguine  Punico, 
Pyrrhumque  et  ingentem  cecidit 
Antioclium,  Hannibaiemque  dirum: 
Sed  rusticorum  mascula  mihtum 
Proles,  Sabehis  docta  hgonibus  30 

Versare  glebas,  et  severae 
Matris  ad  arbitrium  recisos 
Portare  fustes,  sol  ubi  montium 
Mutaret  umbras,  et  juga  demeret 

Bobus  fatio;atis,  amicum  35 

Tempus  agens  abeunte  curru. 
Damnosa  quid  non  imminuit  dies? 
iEtas  parentum,  pejor  avis,  tuht 
Nos  nequiores,  mox  daturos 

Progeniem  vitiosiorem.  40 


ODE  VII. 

AD  xM^CENATEM. 


Martiis  coelebs  quid  agam  kalendis, 
Quid  vehnt  flores,  et  acerra  thuris 
Plena,  miraris,  positusque  carbo  in 

Cespite  vivo, 
Docta  sermonas  utriusque  hnguae.  5 

Voveram  dulces  epulas  et  album 
Libero  caprum,  prope  funeratus 

Arboris  ictu. 
Hic  dies  anno  redeunte  festus 

Corticem  astrictum  pice  dimovebit  10 

Amphorae,  fumum  bibere  institutse 

Consule  Tuho. 
Sume,  Maecenas,  cyathos  amici 
Sospitis  centum  ;  et  vigiles  lucernas 
Perfer  in  lucem  :  procul  omnis  esto  15 

Clamor  et  ira. 
Mitte  civiles  super  Urbe  curas: 


46  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Occidit  Daci  Cotisonis  agmen: 
Medus  infestis  sibi  luctuosus 

Dissidet  armis :  20 

Servit,  HispanaB  vetus  hostis  orae, 
Cantaber,  sera  domitus  catena  : 
Jam  Scytiije  laxo  meditantur  arcu 

Cedere  campis. 
Negligens,  ne  qua  popuius  laboiet,  25 

Parce  privatus  iiimiuin  cavere  ; 
Dttna  praesentis  capc  la;tus  horas,  et 

Linque  severa. 


ODE   VIII. 

AD    MERCURIUM. 


Mercuri,  (nam  te  docilis  magistro 
Movit  Amphion  lapides  canendo,) 
Tuque,  testudo,  resonarc  septem 

Callida  nervis, 
Nec  loquax  olim  neque  grata,  nunc  et  6 

Divitum  mensis  et  amica  templis, 
Dic  modos  Lyde  quibus  obstinatas 

Applicet  aures.     - 
Tu  potes  tigres  comitesque  silvas 
Ducere,  et  rivos  celeres  morari.  10 

Cessit  immanis  tibi  l^landienti 

Janitor  aula) 
Cerberus  ;  quamvis  furiale  centum 
Muniant  augues  caput  ejus,  atque 
Spiritus  teter  saniesque  manet  15 

Ore  trilingui. 
Quin  et  Ixion  Tityosque  vultu 
Risitinvito:  stetit  urna  pauh^im 
Sicca,  dum  grato  Danai  puelJas 

Carmine  mulces.  20 

Audiat  Lyde  sceius  atque  notas 
Virginum  poinas,  et  inane  iymphce 
Doiium  fundo  pereuntis  imo, 

Seraque  fata 
Ouse  rnanent  culj^as  etiam  sub  Orco.  25 

lmpia3,  (nam  quid  potucre  majus  ?) 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III.  47 

Impiae  sponsos  potuere  duro 

Perdere  ferro ! 
Una  de  multis,  face  nuptiali 

Digna,  perjurum  fuit  in  parentera  30 

Splendide  mendax,  et  in  omne  virgo 

Nobilis  aevum  : 
"  Surge,"  quae  dixit  juveni  marito, 
"  Surffe,  ne  lonofus  tibi  somnus,  unde 
Non  times,  detur  :  socerum  et  scelestas  35 

Falle  sorores ; 
QuaB,  velut  nactae  vituios  leaenae, 
Sino-ulos,  eheu  !  lacerant.     Eoro,  illis 
Mollior,  nec  te  feriam,  neque  intra 

Claustra  tenebo.  40 

Me  pater  saevis  oneret  catenis, 
Q,u6d  viro  clemens  misero  peperci ; 
Me  vel  extremos  Numidarum  in  asros 

Classe  releffet. 
I  pedes  quo  te  rapiunt  et  aurae,  45 

Dum  favet  nox  et  Venus  :  i  secundo 
Omine,  et  nostri  memorem  sepulcro 

Scalpe  querelam." 


ODE  IX. 

AD    FONTEM    BANDUSIUM. 


O  FONS  Bandusiae,  splendidior  vitro, 
Dulci  digne  mero  non  sine  floribus, 
Cras  donaberis  haedo, 
Cui  frons  turgida  cornibus 
Primis,  et  Venerem  et  proelia  destinat :  5 

Frustra ;  nam  gelidos  inficiet  tibi 
Rubro  sanguine  rivos 
Lascivi  soboles  gregis. 
'  Te  flagrantis  atrox  hora  Caniculae 
Nescit  tangere  :  tu  frigus  amabile  10 

Fessis  vomere  tauris 
Praebes  et  pecori  vago. 
Fies  nobilium  tu  quoque  fontium, 
Me  dicente  cavis  impositam  ilicem 

Saxis,  unde  loquaces  15. 

Lymphae  desiliunt  tuse. 


^  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 


ODE  X. 

AD  ROiMANOS. 

Hercults  ritu,  modo  dictus,  o  plebs, 
Morte  venalem  petiisse  Jaurum, 
Csesar  Hispana  repetit  Penates 

Victor  ab  ora. 
Unico  gaudens  mulier  marito  6 

Prodeat,  justis  operata  divis  ; 
Et  soror  clari  ducis  :  et  decorae 

Supplice  vitta 
Virginum  matres  juvenumque  nuper 
Sospitum.     Vos,  o  pueri,  et  puellae  10 

Jam  virum  expertse,  male  ominatis 

Parcite  verbis. 
Hic  dies  vere  mihi  festus  atras 
Eximet  curas  :  ego  nec  tumultum, 
Nec  mori  per  vim  metuam,  tenente  15 

Caesare  terras. 
I,  pete  unguentum,  puer,  et  coronas, 
Et  cadum  Marsi  memorem  duelli, 
Spartacum  si  qua  potuit  vagantem 

Fallere  testa.  20 

Dic  et  arguta3  properet  Neaerae 
Myrrhinum  nodo  cohibere  crinem  : 
Si  per  invisum  mora  janitorem 

Fiet,  abito. 
Lenit  albescens  animos  capillus  25 

Litium  et  rixae  cupidos  protervae  : 
Non  ego  hoc  ferrem,  calidus  juventa, 

Consule  Planco. 


ODE  XI. 

AD    MiECENATEM. 


Inclusam  Danaen  turris  ahenea, 
Robustaeque  fores,  et  vigilum  canum 
Tristes  excubiae,  munierant  satis 
Nocturnis  ab  aduiteris; 
Si  non  Acrisium,  virginis  abditae 
Custodem  pavidum,  Jupiter  et  Venus 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III. 

Risissent :  fore  enim  tutum  iter  et  patens 

Converso  in  pretium  deo. 
Aurum  per  medios  ire  satellites, 
Et  perrumpere  amat  saxa,  potentius  10 

Ictu  fulmineo.     Concidit  auguris 

Argivi  domus,  ob  lucrum 
Demersa  excidio.     Diffidit  urbium 
Portas  vir  Macedo,  et  subruit  aemulos 
Reges  muneribus.     Munera  navium  15 

Saevos  illaqueant  duces. 
Crescentem  sequitur  cura  pecuniam, 
Majorumque  fames.     Jure  perhorrui 
Late  conspicuum  tollere  verticem, 

Maecenas,  equitum  decus,  20 

Q-uanto  quisque  sibi  plura  negaverit, 
A  dis  plura  feret.     Nil  cupientium 
Nudus  castra  peto,  et  transfuga  divitum 

Partes  linquere  gestio ; 
Contemptae  dominus  splendidior  rei,  25 

duam  si  quidquid  arat  impiger  Appulus 
Occultare  meis  dicerer  horreis, 

Magnas  inter  opes  inops. 
Purae  rivus  aquae,  silvaque  jugerum 
Paucorum,  et  segetis  certa  fides  meae,  30 

Fulgentem  imperio  fertihs  Afi-icae 

Fallit  sorte  beatior. 
Q,uanquam  nec  Calabrae  meJla  ferunt  apes^ 
Nec  Laestrygonia  Bacchus  in  amphora 
Languescit  mihi,  nec  pinguia  Gallicis  35 

Crescunt  vellera  pascuis; 
Importuna  tamen  pauperies  abest ; 
Nec,  si  plura  velim,  tu  dare  deneges, 
Contracto  melius  parva  cupidine 

Vectigalia  porrigam,  40 

Qusim  si  Mygdoniis  regnum  Alyattei 
Campis  continuem.     Multa  petentibus 
Desunt  multa.     Bene  est  cui  Deus  obtulit 

Parca  quod  satis  est  manu. 
6 


50  Q.  IIORATII  FLACCI 

ODE  XII. 

AB    ^LIUM    LAMIAM. 

^Eli,  vetusto  nobilis  ab  Lamo, 
(duando  et  priores  hinc  Laniias  ferunt 
Denominatos,  et  nepotum 

Per  memores  genus  omne  fastos 
Auctore  ab  illo  ducit  originem,  5 

Qui  Formiarum  mcenia  dicitur 
Princeps,  et  innantem  Maricae 
Littoribus  tenuisse  Lirim, 
Late  tyrannus) ;  cras  foliis  nemus 
Multis  et  alga  littus  inutili  10 

Demissa  tempestas  ab  Euro 
Sternet,  aqusB  nisi  fallit  augur 
Annosa  cornix.     Dum  potes,  aridum 
Compone  lignum  :  cras  Genium  mero 

Curabis,  et  porco  bimestri,  16 

Cum  famulis  operum  solutis. 


ODE  XIII. 

AD    FAUNUM. 


Faune,  Nympharum  fugientum  amator, 
Per  meos  fines  et  aprica  rura 
Lenis  incedps,  abeasque  parvis 

iEquus  alumnis : 
Si  tener  pleno  cadit  haedus  anno,  6 

Larga  nec  desunt  Veneris  sodali 
Vina  crateras,  vetus  ara  multo 

Fumat  odore. 
Ludit  herboso  pecus  omne  campo, 
Cluum  tibi  Nonai  redeunt  Decembres :  10 

Festus  in  pratis  vacat  oJoso 

Cum  bove  pagus : 
Inter  audaces  lupus  errat  agnos : 
Spargit  agrestes  tibi  silva  frondes : 
Gaudel  invisam  pepulisse  fossor  16 

Ter  pede  terram. 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III.  51 


ODE  XIV. 

AD  TELEPHUM. 

Q,uANTUM  distet  ab  Inacho 
Codrus,  pro  patria  non  timidus  mori, 

Narras,  et  genus  ^aci, 
Et  pugnata  sacro  bella  sub  Uio : 

Q,uo  Chium  pretio  cadum  5 

Mercemur,  quis  aquam  temperet  ignibus, 

duo  praebente  domum  et  quota 
Pelignis  caream  frigoribus,  taces. 

Da  Lunai  propere  novjB, 
Da  Noctis  medioe,  da,  puer,  auguris  10 

MureniE  :  tribus  aut  novem 
Miscentur  cyathis  pocula  commodis. 

dui  Musas  amat  impares, 
Ternos  ter  cyathos  attonitus  petet 

Vates :  tres  prohibet  supra  15 

Rixarum  metuens  tan^ere  Gratia, 

Nudis  juncta  sororibus. 
Insanire  juvat.     Cur  Berecynthiae 

Cessant  flamina  tibiae  1 
Cur  pendet  tacita  fistula  cum  lyra  ?  20 

Parcentes  ego  dexteras 
Odi :  sparge  rosas  ;   audiat  invidus 

Dementem  strepitum  Lycus, 
Et  vicina  seni  non  habilis  Lyco. 


ODE  XV. 

AD  AMPHORAM. 


O  NATA  mecum  consule  Manlio, 
Seu  tu  querelas,  sive  geris  jocos; 

Seu  rixam  et  insanos  amores, 
Seu  facilem,  pia  testa,  somnum, 
Quocunque  lectum  nomine  Massicum  5 

Servas,  moveri  dicrna  bono  die  : 

Descende,  Corvino  jubente, 
Promere  languidiora  vina. 
Non  ille,  quanquam  Socraticis  madet 
Sermonibus,  te  neghget  horridus :  10 


,52  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Narratur  et  prisci  Catonis 
Saepe  mero  caluisse  virtus. 
Tu  lene  tormentum  ingenio  admoves 
Plerumque  duro:  tu  sapientium 

Curas  et  arcanum  jocoso  15 

Consilium  retegis  Lyseo  :        • 
Tu  spem  reducis  mentibus  anxiis 
Viresque  ;  et  addis  cornua  pauperi, 
Post  te  neque  iratos  trementi 

Regum  apices,  neque  militum  arma.  20 

Te  Liber,  et,  si  laeta  aderit,  Venus, 
Segnesque  nodum  solvere  Gratiae, 
Vivaeque  producent  lucernae, 

Dum  rediens  fugat  astra  Phoebus. 


ODE  XVI. 

AD  DIANAM. 


MoNTiTJM  custos  nemorumque,  virgo, 
Q,uae  laborantes  utero  puellas 
Ter  vocata  audis,  adimisque  leto, 

Diva  triformis ; 
Imminens  villa?  tua  pinus  esto, 
Quam  per  exactos  e^o  laetus  annos 
Verris  obliquum  meditantis  ictum 

Sanguine  donem. 


ODE  XVII. 

AD  PHIDYLEN. 


CcELO  supinas  si  tuleris  manus 
Nascente  Luna,  rustica  Phidyle, 

Si  thure  placaris  et  horna 

Fruge  Lares,  avidaque  porca; 
Nec  pestilentem  sentiet  Africum  5 

Foecunda  vitis,  nec  sterilem  seges 

Rubiginem,  aut  dulces  alumni 
Pomifero  grave  tempus  anno. 
Nam,  quai  nivali  pascitur  Algido 
Devota  quercus  inter  et  ilices,  10 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III.  53 

Aut  crescit  Albanis  in  herbis 
Victima,  pontificum  secures 
Cervice  tino;et.     Te  nihil  attinet 
Tentare  multa  caede  bidentium 

Parvos  coronantem  marino  15 

Rore  deos,  fragihque  myrto. 
Immunis  aram  si  tetio;it  manus, 
Non  sumptuosa  blandior  hostia, 
Mollivit  aversos  Penates 

Farre  pio  et  sahente  mica.  20 


ODE  XVIII. 

IN    DIVITES    AVAROS. 


Intactis  opulentior 
Thesauris  Arabum  et  divitis  Indise, 

Csementis  hcet  occupes 
Tyrrhenum  orrne  tuis  et  mare  Apulicum ; 

Si  figit  adamantinos  5 

Summis  verticibus  dira  Necessitas 

Clavos,  non  animum  metu, 
Non  mortis  laqueis  expedies  caput. 

Campestres  melius  Scythae, 
Quorum  plausira  vagas  rite  trahunt  domos,  10 

Vivunt,  et  rigidi  Geta^ ; 
Immetata  quibus  jugera  liberas 

Fruges  et  Cererem  ferunt, 
Nec  cultura  placet  longior  annua ; 

Defiinctumque  laboribus  15 

JEquali  recreat  sorte  vicarius. 

Illic  matre  carentibus 
Privignis  mulier  temperat  innocens; 

Nec  dotata  re^it  virum 
Conjux,  nec  nitido  fidit  adultero  :    ^  20 

Dos  est  magna  parentium 
Virtus,  et  metuens  aJterius  viri 

Certo  fcedeie  castitas, 
Et  peccare  nefas,  aut  pretium  emori. 

O  quisquis  volet  impias  25 

CjEdes,  et  rabiem  tollere  civicam, 

Si  quseret  pater  urbium 
Subscribi  statuis,  indomitara  audea* 
5* 


54  Q.  nORATII  FLACCI 

RefrjEnare  licentiam, 
Clarus  postorenitis  :  quatenus,  heu  nefas!  30 

Virtuteni  incoiunieTn  odimus, 
Sublatam  ex  oculis  qujerimus,  invidi, 

Quid  tristes  querimoniae, 
Si  non  supplicio  culpa  reciditur? 

Quid  leges,  sine  moribus  85 

VaniE,  proficiunt  ?  si  neque  fervidis 

Pars  inclusa  caloribus 
Mundi,  nec  Borea^  finitimum  latus, 

Durataeque  solo  nives, 
Mercatorem  abigunt?  horrida  callidi  40 

Vincunt  aequora  navitae? 
Magnum  pauperies  opprobrium  jubet 

Quidvis  et  facere  et  pati, 
Virtutisque  viam  desercre  arduae? 

Vel  nos  in  Capitolium,  45 

Q,u6  clamor  vocat  et  turba  faventium, 

Vel  nos  in  mare  proximum 
Gemmas,  et  lapides,  aurum  et  ::iutile, 

Summi  materiam  mali, 
Mittamus,  scelerum  si  bene  poenitet.  50 

Eradenda  cupidinis 
Pravi  sunt  eiementa ;  et  tenerae  nimis 

Mentes  asperioribus 
Formandae  studiis.     Nescit  equo  rudis 

Haerere  ingenuus  puer,  55 

Veiiarique  timet ;  ludere  doctior, 

Seu  Graeco  jubeas  trocho, 
Scu  malis  vetita  legibus  alea  : 

Quum  perjura  patris  fides 
Consortem  socium  faiiat  et  hospitcm,  CO 

Indignoque  pecuniam 
Ilaercdi  properet.     Scilicet  improbjB 

Crescunt  divitiae  :  tamcn 
Curtac  nescio  quid  semper  abcst  rci. 


ODE  XIX. 

AD  BACCIIUM. 


Quo  mc,  Bacchc,  rapis  tui 
Plenum  ?  Qusc  ncmora,  quos  agor  in  speco». 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III.  55 

Vfilox  mcnte  nova  ?    Quibus 
Antris  egro^rii  Cae.aris  audiar 

-^ternum  meditans  decus  5 

Stellis  inserere  et  con^^ilio  Jovis? 

Dicarn  insigne,  recens,  adhuc 
Indictum  ore  alio.    Non  secus  in  jugis 

Exsomnis  stupet  Evias, 
Ilebrum  prospiciens,  et  nive  candidam  10 

Tliracen,  ac  pede  barbaro 
Lustratam  Rhodopen.     Ut  mihi  devio 

Ripas  et  vacuum  nemus 
Mirari  libet!     O  Naiadum  potens, 

Baccharumque  vaJentiuni  15 

Prpceras  manibus  vertere  fraxinos ! 

Nil  parvum,  aut  liumili  modo, 
Nil  mortale  loquar.     Dulce  periculum, 

O  LeniBe,  sequi  deum 
Cingcntem  viridi  tempora  pampino !  20 


ODE  XX. 

AD    VENEREM. 


Vixi  choreis  nuper  idoneus, 
Et  militavi  non  sine  gloria  : 

Nunc  arma  defunctumque  bello 
Barbiton  hic  parif^s  habebit, 
Ltcvum  marinaj  qui  Veneris  iatus  6 

Custodit.     Hic,  hic  ponite  lucida 
Funalia  et  vectes  et  arcus 
Oppositis  foribus  minaces. 
O  quai  beatam,  diva,  tenes  Cy])rum,  et 
]\Je:nphin  carentem  Sithoni-a  nive,  10 

Reiriua,  subhmi  tiagello 

Taiigo  Chloen  semol  arrogantem. 


ODE  XXI. 

A»    GALATEAM. 

Jmptos  parrre  rccinentis  omen 
Ducat,  et  praegnans  canis,  aut  ab  agro 


56  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Rava  decurrens  lupa  Lanuvino, 

FcEtaque  vulpes : 
Rumpat  et  serpens  iter  institutum,  5 

Si  per  obliquum  similis  sagittae 
Terruit  mannos.     Ego  cui  timebo, 

Providus  auspex, 
Antequam  stantes  repetat  paludes 
Imbrium  divina  avis  imminentum,  10 

Oscinem  corvum  prece  suscitabo 

Solis  ab  ortu. 
'   Sis  licet  felix  ubicunque  mavis, 
Et  memor  nostri,  Galatea,  vivas  : 
Teque  nec  laevus  vetet  ire  picus,  15 

Nec  vaga  cornix. 
Sed  vides  quanto  trepidet  tumultu 
Pronus  Orion.     Ego  quid  sit  ater 
HadrijBB  novi  sinus  et  quid  albus 

Peccet  lapyx.  20 

Hostium  uxores  puerique  csecos 
Sentiant  motus  orientis  Austri,  et 
iEquoris  nigri  fremitum,  et  trementes 

Verbere  ripas! 
Sic  et  Europe  niveum  doloso  25 

Credidit  tauro  latus,  et  scatentem 
Belluis  pontum  mediasque  fraudes 

Palluit  audax. 
Nuper  in  pratis  studiosa  florum,  et 
Debitae  Nymphis  opifex  coronae,  30 

Nocte  sublustri  nihil  astra  praeter 

Vidit  et  undas. 
duae  simul  centum  tetigit  potentem 
Oppidis  Creten,  "  Pater,  o  relictum 
Fiiiae  nomen,  pietasque,"  dixit,  35 

"  Victa  furore ! 
Unde  ?  quo  veni  ?  Levis  una  mors  est 
Virginum  culpa^.     Vigilansne  ploro 
Turpe  commissum  ?  an  vitiis  carentem 

Ludit  imago  40 

Vana,  quae  porta  fugiens  eburna 
Somnium  ducit?     MeJiusne  fluctus 
Ire  per  longos  fuit,  an  recentes 

Carpere  flores? 
Si  quis  infamem  milii  nunc  juvencum  45 

Dcdat  iratae !  lacerare  ferro,  et 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III. 


57 


Frangeie  enitar  modo  multum  amati 

Cornua  monstri. 
Impudens  liqui  patrios  Penates  : 
Impudens  Orcum  moror  !  O  deorum  50 

Si  quis  liaBc  audis,  utinam  inter  errem 

Nuda  leonea! 
Antequam  turpis  macies  decentes 
Occupet  malas,  teneraeque  succus 
Defluat  praedag,  speciosa  qua^ro  55 

Pascere  tigres, 
'  Vilis  Europe,'  pater  urget  absens, 
'  Q,uid  mori  cessas  1     Potes  hac  ab  orno 
PenduJum  zona  bene  te  sequuta     6-^ 

Laidere  collum.  60 

Sive  te  rupes  et  acuta  leto 
Saxa  deiectant,  age,  te  procellas 
Crede  veloci :  nisi  herile  mavis 
Carpere  pensum, 
Hegius  sanguis,  dominagque  tradi  65 

Barbara3  peiJex.'  "     Aderat  querenti 
Perfidum  ridens  Venus,  et  remisso 

FiJius  arcu. 
Mox,  ubi  lusit  satis,  "  Abstineto," 
Dixit,  "  irarum  caJidaeque  rixae,  70 

Q-uum  tibi  invisus  Jaceranda  reddet 

Cornua  taurus. 
Uxor  invicti  Jovis  esse  njscis : 
Mitte  singuJtus  :   bene  ferre  mag.iam 
Disce  fortunam  :  tua  sectus  orbis  76 

Nomina  ducet." 


ODE  XXII. 

AD    LYDEN. 


Festo  quid  potius  die 
Neptuni  faciam  ?     Prome  reconditum, 

Lyde,  strenua  Caecubum ; 
Munitaeque  adhibe  vim  sapientiae. 

IncJinare  meridiem 
Sentis;  ac,  veJuti  stet  voJucris  dies, 

Parcis  deripere  horreo 
Cessantem  Bibuii  cousulis  amphoram. 


58  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Nos  cantabimus  invicem 
Neptunum,  et  virides  Nereidnin  comas :  10 

Tu  curva  recines  lyra 
Latonam,  et  celeris  spicula  CynthicB  : 

Summo  carmine,  quai  Cnidon 
Fulgentesque  tenet  Cycladas,  et  Papiion 

Junctis  visit  oloribus  :  15 

Dicetur  merita  Nox  quoque  na;nia. 


ODE  XXIII. 

AD    MiECENATEM. 


Tyrrhena  regum  progenies,  tibi 
Non  ante  verso  lene  merum  cado 
Cum  flore,  Maecenas,  rosarum,  et 
Pressa  tuis  balanus  capillis 
Jamdudum  apud  me  est.     Eripe  te  morse  :  5 

Ne  semper  udum  Tibur  et  tEsuIeb 
Declive  contempleris  arvum,  et 
Telegoni  juga  parricidse. 
Fastidiosam  desere  copiam,  et 

Molem  propinquam  nubibas  arduis  :  10 

Omitte  mirari  beatae 

Fumum  et  opes  strepitumque  Romae. 
Plerumque  gratsB  divitibus  vices  ; 
Mundaeque  parvo  sub  lare  pauperura 

Coenae,  sine  aulaeis  et  ostro,  15 

Soliicitam  explicuere  frontem. 
Jam  clarus  occultum  Andromedes  pater 
Ostendit  ignem  :  jam  Procyon  furit, 
Et  stella  vesani  Leonis, 

Sole  dies  referente  siccos.  20 

Jam  pastor  umbras  cum  grege  languido 
Rivumque  fossus  quaerit,  et  horridi 
Dumeta  Silvani ;  caretque 
Ripa  vagis  taciturna  ventis. 
Tu  civitatem  quis  deceat  status  25 

Curas,  et  Urbi  sollicitus  times 
Quid  Seres  et  regnata  Cyro 

Bactra  parent,  TanaVs^iue  discors. 
Prudens  ftituri  temporis  exitum 
Caliginosa  nocte  premit  Deus ,  30 


CARMINUM  LIB.  III,  59 

Ridetque,  si  mortalis  ultra 

Fas  trepidat.    Quod  adest,  memento 
Componere  aequus  :  caetera  fluminis 
Ritu  feruntur,  nunc  medio  alveo 

Cum  pace  deJabentis  Etruscum  35 

In  mare,  nunc  lapides  adesos 
Stirpesque  raptas  et  pecus  et  domos 
Volventis  una,  non  sine  montium 
Clamore  vicinaeque  silvae, 

Quum  fera  diluvies  quietos  40 

Irritat  amnes.     Ille  potens  sui 
Laetusque  deget,  cui  licet  in  diem 
Dixisse,  "  Vixi  "  :  cras  vel  atra 
Nube  polum  Pater  occupato, 
Vel  sole  puro  :  non  tamen  irritum  45 

Cluodcunque  retro  est  efficiet ;  neque 
Diffinget  infectumque  reddet 
Cluod  fugiens  semel  hora  vexit. 
Fortuna,  saevo  laeta  negotio,  et 

Ludum  insolentem  ludere  pertinax,  50 

Transmutat  incertos  honores, 
Nunc  mihi,  nunc  alii  benigna. 
Laudo  manentem  :  si  celeres  quatit 
Pennas,  resigno  quoB  dedit,  et  mea 

Virtute  me  involvo,  probamque  55 

Pauperiem  sine  dote  quBero. 
Non  est  meum,  si  mugiat  Africis 
Malus  procellis,  ad  miseras  preces 
Decurrere,  et  votis  pacisci 

Ne  Cypriae  Tyriaeque  merces  60 

Addant  avaro  divitias  mari. 
Tum  me,  biremis  praesidio  scaphae, 
Tutum  per  ^gaeos  tumultus 
Aura  feret  geminusque  Pollux. 


ODE  XXIV. 

ExEGi  monumentum  sere  perennTus 
Regalique  situ  pyramidum  altius; 
Quod  non  imber  edax,  non  Aquilo  impotens 
Possit  diruere,  aut  innumerabilis 
Annorum  series,  et  fuga  temporum. 


QQ  CARMINUM  LIB.  III. 

Non  omnis  moriar  :  multaque  pars  mei 

Vitabit  I^ibitinam.    Usque  ego  postera 

Crescam  laude  recens,  dum  Capitoiium 

Scandet  cum  tacita  virgine  pontifex. 

Dicar,  qua  violens  obstreplt  Aufidus,  10 

Fit  qua  pauper  aqujE  Daunus  agrestium 

Regnavit  populorum,  ex  humili  potens, 

Princeps  ^olium  carmen  ad  Italos 

Deduxisse  modos.     Sume  superbiam 

Quaesitam  meritis,  et  mihi  Deiphica  15 

Lauro  cinge  volens,  Meipomene,  comam. 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCl 
CARMINUM 

LIBER  QUARTUS. 


ODE  I. 

AD  JULUM  ANTONIUM. 

PiNDARUM  quisquis  studet  a^mulari, 
Jule,  ceratis  ope  Daedalea 
Nititur  pennis,  vitreo  daturus 

Nomina  ponto. 
Monte  decurrens  veiut  amnis,  imbres  5 

Q,uem  super  notas  aluere  ripas, 
Fervet  immensusque  ruit  profundo 

Pindarus  ore ; 
Laurea  donandus  Apollinari, 

Seu  per  audaces  iiova  dithyrambos  10 

Verba  devolvit,  numerisque  fertur 

Lege  solutis; 
Seu  deos,  regesve  canit,  deorum 
Sanguinem,  per  quos  cecidere  justa 
Morte  Centauri,  cecidit  tremendse  15 

Flamma  ChimaeraB ; 
Sive,  quos  Elea  domum  reducit    - 
Palma  coelestes,  pugilemve  equumve 
Dicit,  et  centum  potiore  signis 

Munere  donat;  20 

Flebili  sponsaB  juvenemve  raptum 
Plorat,  et  vires  animumque  moresque 
Aureos  educit  in  astra,  nigroque 

Invidet  Orco. 
Multa  Dircfpum  levat  aura  cycnum,  29 

Tendit,  Aii:oni,  quoties  in  altos 
6 


02  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Nubium  tractus  :  ego,  apis  Matinae 

More  niodoque, 
Grata  carpentis  tliyma  per  laborem 
Plurimum,  circa  nemus  uvidique  30 

Tiburis  ripas  opero.^a  parvus 

Carmina  fintjo. 
Concines  majore  poeta  plectro 
Caesarem,  quandoque  trahet  feroces 
Per  sacrum  clivum,  merita  decorus  35 

Fronde,  Sicambros; 
Quo  nihil  majus  meliusve  terris 
Fata  donavcre,  bonique  divi, 
Nec  dabunt,  quamvis  redeant  in  aurum 

Tempora  priscum.  40 

Concines  la^tosque  dies  et  Urbis 
Publicum  ludum,  super  impetrato 
Fortis  Augusti  reditu,  forumque 

Litibus  orbum. 
Tum  mese  (si  quid  loquar  audiendum)  45 

Vocis  accedet  bona  pars ;  et,  o  Sol 
Pulcher  !  o  laudande  !  canam,  recepto 

Caesare  feJix. 
Tuque  dum  procedis,  "  lo  triumphe !" 
Non  semel  dicemus,  "  lo  triumphe  1"  50 

Civitas  omnis,  dabimusque  divis 

Thura  benigiiis. 
Te  decem  tauri  totidemque  vaccae, 
Me  tener  solvet  vitulus,  relicta 
Matre,  qui  largis  juvenescit  herbis  55 

In  mea  vota, 
Fronte  curvatos  imitatus  ignes 
Tertium  Lunae  referentis  ortum, 
Q,ua  notam  duxit  niveus  videri, 

Ca^tera  fulvus.  60 


ODE  II. 

AD  MELPOMENEN. 


QuEM  tu,  Melpomene,  semel 
Nascentem  placido  lumine  videris, 

Illum  non  labor  Isthmius 
Clarabit  pugilem,  non  equus  impiger 


CARMINUM  LIB.  IV.  63 

Curru  ducet  Achaico  5 

Victorem  ;  neque  res  beliica  Deliis 

Ornatum  ibliis  ducein, 
Q,u6d  regum  tumidas  contuderit  minas, 

Ostendet  Capitolio : 
Sed  qu8B  Tibur  aquas  fertile  praefluunt,  10 

Et  spissoe  neniorum  comae, 
Fingent  JEolio  carmine  nobilem. 

Rom8B  principis  urbium 
Dignatur  soboles  inter  amabiles 

Vatum  ponere  me  choros ;  15 

Et  jam  dente  minus  mordeor  invido. 

O,  testudinis  aureae 
Dulcem  quae  strepitum,  Pieri,  temperas ; 

O  mutis  quoque  piscibus 
Donatura  cycni,  si  Hbeat,  sonum  !  20 

Totuni  muneris  hoc  tui  est, 
duod  monstror  digito  praetereuntium 

Romanae  fidicen  lyrse : 
duod  spiro  et  placeo  (si  placeo),  tuum  est. 


ODE  III. 

DRUSI  LAUDES. 

duALEM  ministrum  fulminis  alitem 
(Cui  rex  deorum  regnum  in  aves  vagas 
Permisit,  expertus  fidelem 
Jupiler  in  Ganymede  flavo) 
Olim  juventas,  et  patrius  vigor,  5 

Nido  laborum  propulit  inscium  ; 
Vernique,  jam  nimbis  remotis, 
Insolitos  docuere  nisus 
Venti  paventem  ;  mox  in  ovilia    - 
Demisit  hostem  vividus  impetus;  10 

Nunc  in  reluctantes  dracones 
Egit  amor  dapis  atque  pugnae  : 
dualemve  laetis  caprea  pascuis 
Intenta  fulvse  matris  ab  ubere 

Jam  lacte  depulsum  leonem,  15 

Dente  novo  peritura,  vidit : 
Videre  Rhaetis  bella  sub  Alpibus 
Drusum  gerentem  Vindelici ;  quibus 
Mos  unde  deductus  per  omne 


64  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Tempus  Amazonia  securi  20 

Dextras  obarmet,  qua^rere  distuli 
(Nec  scire  fas  est  omnia) :  sed  diu 
Lateque  victrices  catervaj, 
Consiliis  juvenis  revictae, 
Sensere  quid  mens  rite,  quid  indoles,  95 

Nutrita  faustis  sub  penetralibus, 
Posset,  quid  Augusti  paternus 
In  pueros  animus  Nerones. 
Fortes  creantur  fortibus  ;  et  bonis 
Est  in  juvencis,  est  in  equis,  patrum  30 

Virtus  :  nec  imbellem  feroces 
Progenerant  aquila^  columbam. 
Doctrina  sed  vim  })romovet  insitam, 
Rectique  cultus  pectora  roborant : 

Utcunque  defecere  mores,  35 

Indecorant  bene  nata  culpae. 
Ouid  debeas,  o  Roma,  Neronibus, 
Testis  Metaurum  flumen,  et  Hasdrubal 
Devictus,  et  pulcher  fugatis 

Ille  dies  Latio  tenebris,  ^ 

Q,ui  primus  alma  risit  adorea, 
Dirus  per  urbes  Afer  ut  Italas, 
Ceu  flamma  per  taedas,  vel  Eurus 
Per  Siculas  equitavit  undas. 
Post  hoc  secundis  usque  laboribus  45 

Romana  pubes  crevit,  et  impio 
Vastata  Pcrnorum  tumultu 
Fana  deos  habucre  rectos. 
Dixitque  tandem  perfidus  Hannibal : 
"  Cervi,  luporum  pra^da  rapacium,  50 

Sectamur  ultro  quos  opimus 

Faflere  et  efTugere  est  triumphus. 
Gens,  i\n?e  cremato  fortis  ab  Ilio, 
Jactata  Tuscis  acquoribus  sacra, 

Natosque,  maturosque  patres,  55 

Pertulit  Ausonias  ad  urbes, 
Duris  ut  ilex  tonsa  bipennibus 
Nigra)  feraci  frondis  in  Algido, 
Per  damna,  per  caedes,  ab  ipso 

Ducit  opes  animumque  ferro.  60 

Nori  Hydra  secto  corpore  firmior 
Vinci  dolentem  crcvit  in  Herculem; 
Monstrumve  submisere  Colchi 
Majus,  Echioniaeve  Thebae. 


CARMINUM  LIB.  IV  (J5 

Merses  profimdo,  pulchrior  evenit:  65 

Luctere,  muita  proruet  iiitegrum 
Cum  laude  victorem,  geretque 
Prceiia  conjugibus  loquenda. 
Carthagini  jam  non  ego  nuntios 
Mittam  superbos  :  occidit,  occidit  70 

Spes  omnis  et  fortuna  nostri 

Nominis,  Haj^drubale  interempto. 
Nil  Claudise  non  perficient  manus, 
duas  et  benigno  numine  Jupiter 

Defendit,  et  curae  sagaces  75 

Expediunt  per  acuta  belli." 


ODE  IV. 

AD  AUGUSTUM. 


Divis  orte  bonis,  optime  Romulae 
Custos  gentis,  abes  jam  nimium  diu: 
Maturum  reditum  poliicitus  Patrum 

Sancto  concilio,  redi. 
Lucem  redde  tuae,  dux  bone,  patriae  :  5 

Instar  veris  enim  vultus  ubi  tuus 
Affulsit,  populo  gratior  it  dies, 

Et  soles  melius  nitent. 
Ut  mater  juvenem,  quem  Notus  invido 
Flatu  Carpathii  trans  maris  cBquora  IQ 

Cunctantem  spatio  longius  annuo 

Dalci  distinet  a  domo, 
Votis  ominibusque  et  precibus  vocat, 
Curvo  nec  faciem  littore  dimovet : 
Sic  desideriis  icta  fideiibus  15 

QutErit  patria  Caesarem. 
Tutus  bos  etenirn  rura  perambulat: 
Nutrit  rura  Ceres,  almaque  Faustitas : 
Pacatum  volitant  per  mare  navitOB  : 

Culpari  metuit  Fides  :  20 

Nullis  polluitur  casta  domus  stupris: 
Mos  et  lex  maculosum  edomuit  nefas : 
Laudantur  simili  prole  puerperae  : 

Culpam  Poena  premit  comes. 
Qnis  Parthum  paveat?  quis  gelidnm  Scylhen?     25 
Quis,  Germania  quos  horrida  parturit 
6* 


G6  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Foetus,  incolumi  Caesare  ?  quis  ferae 

Belliiin  curet  Iberiae? 
Condit  quisquc  (iiem  coilibus  in  suis, 
Et  vitem  viduas  ducit  ad  arbores;  30 

Hinc  ad  vina  redit  Isetus,  et  alteris 

Te  mensis  adhibet  deum  : 
Te  multa  prece,  te  prosequitur  mero 
Defuso  pateris ;  et  Laribus  tuum 
Miscet  numen,  uti  Grascia  Castoris  35 

Et  magni  memor  Herculis. 
"  Longas  o  utinam,  dux  bone,  ferias 
Praestes  Hesperiaj!"  dicimus  integro 
Sicci  mane  die,  dicimus  uvidi, 

Q,uum  sol  Oceano  subest.  40 


ODE  V. 

AD  APOLLINEM. 


DiVE,  quem  proles  Niobea  magnae 
Vindicem  linguae,  Tityosque  raptor, 
Sensit,  et  Trojae  prope  victor  altae 

Plithius  Achilles, 
Caeteris  major,  tibi  niiles  impar;  6 

Filius  quanquam  Thetidos  marinae 
Dardanas  turres  quateret  tremenda 

Cuspide  pugnax : 
Ille,  mordaci  velut  icta  ferro 

Pinus,  aut  impulsa  cupressus  Euro,  10 

Procidit  late,  posuitque  collum  in 

Pulvere  Teucro. 
Ille  non,  inclusus  equo  Minervae 
Sacra  mentito,  male  feriatos 
Troas  et  lajtam  Priami  choreis  15 

Falleret  aulam  : 
Sed  palam  captis  gravis,  heu  nefas!  heul 
Nescios  fari  pueros  Achivis 
Ureret  flammis,  etiam  latentem 

Matris  in  alvo;  20 

Ni,  tuis  victus  Venerisque  grattE 
Vocibus,  divum  Pater  adnuisset 
Rebus  JEncx  potiore  ductos 

Ahte  muros. 


CARMINUM  LIB.  IV.  67 

Doctor  Argivae  fidicen  Thalise,  25 

Phoebe,  qiii  Xantho  Javis  amnc  crines, 
Dauniae  deiende  decus  Caincenae, 

Levis  Agyieu ! 
Spiritum  Phcnbus  inihi,  Phoebus  artem 
Carminis  nomenque  dedit  poetae.  30 

Virginum  prim<e,  puerique  claris 

Patribus  orti, 
Deliae  tutela  deae,  fugaces 
Lyncas  et  cervos  cohibentis  arcu, 
Lesbium  servate  pedem,  meique  35 

Pollicis  ictum; 
Rite  Latonae  puerum  canentes, 
Rite  crescentem  face  Noctilucam, 
Prosperam  frugum,  celeremque  pronos 

Volvere  menses.  40 

Nupta  jam  dices  :  "  Ego  dis  amicum, 
Sajculo  festas  referente  luces, 
Reddidi  carmen,  docilis  modorum 

Vatis  llorati." 


ODE  VL 

AD  TORQUATUM. 


DiFFUGERE  nives :  redeunt  jam  gramina  campis, 

Arboribusque  coma3 : 
Mutat  terra  vices,  et  decrescentia  ripas 

Flumina  prfetereunt. 
Gratia  cum  Nymphis  geminisque  sororibus  audet  6 

Ducere  nuda  choros. 
Immortalia  ne  speres  monet  Annus,  et  almum 

Quae  rapit  Hora  diem. 
Frigora  mitescunt  Zephyris :  Ver  proterit  iEstas, 

Interitura,  simul  -  10 

Pomifer  Autumnus  frucres  effuderit :  et  mox 

Bruma  recurrit  iners. 
Damna  tamen  celeres  reparant  ccelestia  luns: 

Nos,  ubi  decidimus 
Quo  pius  iEneas,  qu6  divcs  Tullus,  et  Ancus,  15 

Pulvis  et  umbra  sumus. 
Quis  scjt  an  adjiciant  hodiernae  crastina  summs 

Tempora  di  superi  ? 


09  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Cuncta  manus  avidas  fugient  ha^redis,  amico 

Quai  dederis  animo.  20 

Q,uum  semel  occideris,  et  de  te  splendida  Minos 

Fecerit  arbitria, 
Non,  Torquate,  genus,  non  te  facundia,  non  te 

Restituet  pietas. 
Infernis  neque  eiiim  tenebris  Diana  pudicum  25 

Liberat  Hippolytum  : 
Nec  Lethaea  valet  Theseus  abrumpere  caro 

Vincula  Pirithoo. 


ODE  VII. 

AD  CENSORINUM. 


DoNAREM  pateras  grataque  commodus, 

Censorine,  meis  atra  sodalibus, 

Donarem  tripodas,  pra^mia  fortium 

Graiorum  ;  neque  tu  pessima  munerum 

Ferres,  divite  me  scilicet  artium  6 

Quas  aut  Parrhasius  protuHt,  aut  Scopas ; 

Hic  saxo,  hquidis  ille  coloribus 

Solers  nunc  hominem  ponere,  nunc  deum : 

Sed  non  ha3c  mihi  vis,  nec  tibi  tahum 

Res  est  aut  animus  dehciarum  egens.  10 

Gaudes  carminibus:  carmina  possumus 

Donare,  et  pretium  dicere  muneri. 

Non  incisa  notis  marmora  publicis, 

Per  qua^  spiritus  et  vita  redit  bonis 

Post  mortem  ducibas  ;  non  celeres  fugae,  15 

Rejectaique  retrorj^um  Hannibalis  minae  ; 

Non  incendia  Cartliaginis  impiae, 

Ejus  qui  domita  nomen  ab  Africa 

Lucratus  rediit,  clarius  indicant 

Laudes,  quam  Calabrae  Pierides:  neque,  20 

Si  chartae  sileant  quod  bene  feceris, 

Mercedem  tuleris.    Quid  foret  Iliae 

Mavortisque  puer,  si  taciturnitas 

Obstaret  meritis  invida  Romuli? 

Ereptum  Stygiis  fluctibus  ^acum  25 

Virtus  et  favor  et  Hngua  potentium 

Vatum  divitil)us  consecrat  insulis. 

Dignum  laude  virum  Musa  vetat  mori: 


CARMINUM  LIB.  IV.        ^  69 

Coelo  Musa  beat.    Sic  Jovis  interest 

Optatis  epiilia  impiger  Hercules:  30 

Claruni  Tyndaridae  sidus  ab  infimis 

Quassas  eripiunt  aequoribus  rates  : 

Ornatus  viridi  tempora  pampino 

Liber  vota  bonos  ducit  ad  exitus. 


ODE  VIII 

AD  LOLLIUM. 

Ne  forte  credas  interitura  qusB, 
Lono"e  sonantem  natus  ad  Aufidum, 
Non  ante  vulgatas  per  arfes 
Verba  loquor  socianda  chordis. 
Non,  si  priores  Maeonius  tenet  5 

Sedes  Homerus,  PindaricEe  latent, 
Ceseque,  et  Alcsei  minaces, 

Stesichorique  graves  Camcense : 
Nec,  si  quid  olim  lusit  Anacreon, 
Delevit  aetas  :  spirat  adhuc  amor,  10 

Vivuntque  commissi  calores 
iEoliae  tidibus  puellse. 
Non  sola  comptos  arsit  adulteri 
Crines,  et  aurum  vestibus  illitum 

Mirata,  regalesque  cultus,  15 

Et  comites,  Helene  Lacaena: 
Primusve  Teucer  tela  Cydonio 
Direxit  arcu  :  non  semel  Ilios 
Vexata  :  non  pugnavit  ingens 

Idomeneus  Sthenelusve  solus  20 

Dicenda  Musis  proelia:  non  ferox 
Hector,  vel  acer  Deiphobus  graves 
Excepit  ictus  pro  pudicis 

Conjugibus  puerisque  primus. 
Vixere  fortes  ante  Agamemnona  25 

Multi :  sed  omnes  illacrymabiles 
Urgentur,  ignotique,  longa 
Nocte,  carent  quia  vate  sacro. 
Paulum  sepultaj  distat  inertiiE 

Celata  virtus,    Non  ego  te  meis  30 

Chartis  inornatum  silebo, 
Totve  tuos  patiar  labores 


711  ,  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Impune,  Lolli,  carpere  lividas 
Obliviones.    Est  animus  tibi 

Rerumque  prudens,  et  secundis  35 

Temporibus  dubiisque  rectus; 
Vindex  avarae  fraudis,  et  abstinens 
Ducentis  ad  se  cuncta  pecuniae; 
Consulque  non  unius  anni, 

Sed  quoties  bonus  atque  fidus  40 

Judex  honestum  pra^tulit  utili,  et 
Rejecit  alto  dona  norentium 
Vultu,  et  per  obstantes  catervas 
Explicuit  sua  victor  arma. 
Non  possidentem  multa  vocaveris  45 

Recte  beatum  :  rectius  occupat 
Nomen  beati,  qui  deorum 
Muneribus  sapienter  uti, 
Duramque  callet  pauperiem  pati, 
Pejusque  leto  flugitium  timet;  60 

Non  ille  pro  caris  amicis 
Aut  patria  timidus  perire. 


ODE  IX. 

AD  LIGURINUM. 


O  CRUDELis  adhuc,  ct  Veneris  muneribus  potens, 
Insperata  tuae  quum  veniet  pluma  superbiae, 
Et,  quse  nunc  humeris  invohtant,  deciderint  comae, 
Nunc  et  qui  color  est  puniceae  flore  prior  rosae 
Mutatus  Liffurinum  in  faciem  verterit  hispidam  ; 
Dices,  "Heu!"  (quotics  te  in  speculo  videris  alterum) 
"Q,uae  mens  est  hodie,  cur  eadem  non  puero  fuit  ? 
Vel  cur  his  animis  in<iolumes  non  redeunt  genae  1" 


ODEX. 

AD  PHYLLIDEM. 


EsT  mihi  nonum  superantis  annum 
Plenus  Albani  cadus :  est  in  horto, 
Phylli,  nectendis  apium  coronis: 
Est  hederae  vis 


CARMINUM  LIB.  IV.       ,  71 

Multa,  qua  crines  religata  fulgos.  5 

Ridet  argento  domus  :  ara,  castis 
Vincta  verbenis,  avet  immolato 

Spargier  agno. 
Cuncta  festinat  manus,  huc  et  illuc 
Cursitant  mixtae  pueris  puelJjE :  10 

Sordidum  flammae  trepidant  rotantes 

Vertice  fumum. 
Ut  tamen  noris  quibus  advoceris 
Gaudiis ;  Idus  tibi  sunt  agendje, 
Qui  dies  mensem  Veneris  marinae  15 

Findit  Aprilem ; 
Jure  solemnis  mihi,  sanctiorque" 
Pene  natali  proprio,  quod  ex  hac 
Luce  Maecenas  meus  affluentes 

Ordinat  annos.  2Q 


ODE  XI. 

AD  VIRGILIUM. 

Jam  veris  comites,  quae  mare  temperant, 

Impellunt  animae  lintea  ThracijE  : 

Jam  nec  prata  rigent,  nec  fluvii  strepunt 

Hiberna  nive  turgidi. 
Nidum  ponit,  Ityn  flebiliter  gemens,  5 

Infelix  avis,  et  Cecropiae  domus 
-^ternum  opprobrium,  quod  male  barbaras 

Regum  est  ulta  libidines. 
Dicunt  in  tenero  gramine  pinguium 
Custodes  ovium  carmina  fistula,  10 

Delectantque  deum  cui  pecus  et  nigri 

CoIIes  Arcadiae  placent. 
Adduxere  sitim  tempora,  Virgili :. 
Sed  pressum  Calibus  ducere  Liberum 
Si  gestis,  juvenum  nobilium  cliens,  15 

Nardo  vina  merebere. 
Nardi  parvus  onyx  eliciet  cadum 
Qui  nunc  Sulpitiis  accubat  horreis, 
Spes  donare  novas  largus,  amaraque 

,Curarum  eluere  eflicax.  20 

Ad  quae  si  properas  gaudia,  cum  tua 
Velox  merce  veni :  non  ego  te  meis 


72  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Immunem  meditor  tingere  poculis, 

Plena  dives  ut  in  domo. 
Verum  pone  moras,  et  studium  lucri;  25 

Nigrorumque  memor,  duni  licet,  ignium, 
Misce  stultitiam  consiliis  brevem  : 

Dulce  est  desipere  in  loco. 


ODE  XII. 

AD  LYCEN. 


AuDiVERE,  Lyce,  di  mea  vota,  di 
Audivere,  Lyce :  fis  anus,  et  tamen 
Vis  formosa  videri; 
Ludisque  et  bibis  impudens, 
Importunus  Amor  transvolat  aridas  5 

Quercus,  et  reftigit  te,  quia  luridi 
Dentes  te,  quia  rugae 
Turpant,  et  capiiis  nives. 
Nec  CoaB  referunt  jam  tibi  purpurae, 
Nec  clari  lapides,  tempora  quae  semel  10 

Notis  condita  fastis 
Inclusit  volucris  dies. 
Quo  fugit  Venus?  heu!  quove  color  decens  ? 
Q,u6  motus?  quid  habes  iilius,  illius, 

QutC  spirabat  amores,  15 

Q,U5E  me  surpuerat  mihi, 
Felix  post  Cynaram,  notaque  et  artiura 
Gratarum  facies?    Sed  Cynarae  breves 
Annos  fata  dederunt, 
Servatura  diu  parem  20 

Cornicis  vetulae  temporibus  Lycen  ; 
Possent  ut  juvenes  visere  fervidi, 
Multo  non  sine  risu, 
Dilapsam  in  cineres  facem. 


ODE  XIII. 

AD  AUGUSTUM. 


QuiE  cura  Patrum,  quaeve  Quiritium, 
Plenis  honorum  muneribus  tuas, 


CARMINUM  LIB.  IV.  73 

Auguste,  virtutes  in  aevum 
Per  titulos  memoresque  fastos 
iEternet  ?  o,  qua  sol  habitabiles  5 

Illustrat  oras,  maxime  principum, 
Q,uem  legis  expertes  Latinae 
Vindelici  didicere  nuper 
Quid  Marte  posses.     Milite  nam  tuo 
Drusus  Genaunos,  implacidum  genus,  10 

Brennosque  veloces,  et  arces 
Alpibus  impositas  tremendis, 
Dejecit  acer  plus  vice  simplici. 
Major  Neronum  mox  grave  prcelium 

Commisit,  immanesque  Rhaetos  15 

'    Auspiciis  pepulit  secundis  : 
Spectandus,  in  certamine  Martio, 
Devota  morti  pectora  liberae 
Q,uantis  fatigaret  ruinis, 

Indomitas  prope  qualis  undas  20 

Exercet  Auster,  Pleiadum  choro 
Scindente  nubes,  impiger  hostium 
Vexare  turmas,  et  frementem 
Mittere  equum  medios  per  ignes. 
Sic  tauriformis  volvitur  Aufidus,  25 

Q,ui  regna  Dauni  praefluit  Appuli, 
Q,uum  ssevit,  horrendamque  cultis 
Diluviem  meditatur  agris; 
Ut  barbarorum  Claudius  agmina 
Ferrata  vasto  diruit  impetu,  30 

Primosque  et  extremos  metendo, 
Stravit  humum,  sine  clade  victor, 
Te  copias,  te  consilium,  et  tuos 
Praebente  divos  :  nam,  tibi  quo  die 

Portus  Alexandrea  supplex  35 

Et  vacuam  patefecit  aulam, 
Fortuna  lustro  prospera  tertio 
Belli  secundos  reddidit  exitus, 
Laudemque  et  optatum  peractis 

Imperiis  decu=  arrogavit.  40 

Te  Cantaber  non  ante  domabilis, 
Medusque,  et  Indus,  te  profugus  Scythes 
Miratur,  o  tutela  praesens 
ItalisB  dominaeque  Romae : 
Te,  fontium  qui  celat  origines,  45 

Nilusque,  et  Ister,  te  rapidus  Tigris, 
7 


74  CARMINUM  LIB.  IV 

Te  belluosus  qui  remotis 

Obstrepit  Oceanus  Britannis, 
Te  non  paventis  funera  Galliae 

Duraeque  tellus  audit  Iberiae  :  50 

Te  caede  gaudentes  Sicambri 
Compositis  venerantur  armis. 


ODE  XIV. 

AUGUSTI  LAUDES. 


Ph(ebus  volentem  prcelia  me  loqui 
Victas  et  urbes  increpuit  lyra, 
Ne  parva  Tyrrhenum  per  aequor 
Vela  darem.    Tua,  Ca^sar,  aetas 
Fruges  et  agris  rettulit  uberes,  6 

Et  signa  nostro  restituit  Jovi 
Direpta  Parthorum  superbis 
Postibus,  et  vacuum  duollis 
Janum  Quirini  clausit,  et  ordinem 
Rectum  et  vaganti  frsena  licentiae  10 

Injecit,  amovitque  culpas, 
Et  veteres  revocavit  artes, 
Per  quas  Latinum  nomen  et  Italae 
Crevere  vires,  famaque  et  imperi 

Porrecta  majestas  ad  ortum  15 

Solis  ab  Hesperio  cubili. 
Custode  rerum  Caesare,  non  furor 
Civilis,  aut  vis  eximet  otium  ; 
Non  ira,  quae  procudit  enses, 

Et  miseras  inimicat  urbes.  20 

Non  qui  profundum  Danubium  bibunt 
Edicta  rumpent  Julia,  non  Getae, 
Non  Seres,  infidive  Persae, 

Non  Tanaim  prope  flumen  orti. 
Nosque  et  profestis  lucibus  et  sacris,  25 

Inter  jocosi  munera  Liberi, 

Cum  prole  matronisquc  nostris, 
Rite  deos  prius  apprecati, 
Virtute  functos,  more  patrum,  duces, 
Lydis  remixto  carmine  tibiis,  80 

Trojamque  et  Anchisen,  et  almse 
Progeniera  Veneris  canemus. 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCI 
EPODON 


LIBER. 


ODE  I. 

AD  MJECENATEM. 

Ibis  Liburnis  inter  alta  navium, 

Amice,  propugnacula, 
Paratus  omne  Ca3saris  periculum 

Subire,  Maecenas,  tuo. 
Q,uid  nos,  quibus  te  vita  si  superstite  5 

Jucunda ;  si  contra,  gravis  ? 
Utriimne  jussi  persequemur  otium, 

Non  dulce,  ni  tecum  simul? 
An  hunc  laborem  mente  laturi,  decet 

Q,ua  ferre  non  molles  viros  ?  10 

Feremus ;  et  te  vel  per  Alpium  juga, 

Inhospitalem  et  Caucasum, 
Vel  occidentis  usque  ad  uhimum  sinum, 

Forti  sequemur  pectore. 
Roges  tuum  labore  quid  juvem  meo  15 

Imbelhs,  ac  firmus  parum  ? 
Comes  minore  sum  futurus  in  metu, 

Qui  major  absentes  habet :     " 
Ut  assidens  implumibus  pulHs  avis 

Serpentium  allapsus  timet  20 

Magis  rehctis ;  non,  ut  adsit,  auxili 

Latura  pius  prsesentibus. 
Libentur  hoc  et  omne  militabitur 

Bellum  in  tuae  spem  gratiae  : 
Non  ut  juvencis  ilhgata  pluribus  25 

Aratra  nitantur  meis ; 


76  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Pecusve  Calabris  ante  sidus  fervidum 

Lucana  mutet  pascua  ; 
Nec  ut  superni  villa  candens  Tusculi 

Circaea  tancrat  moenia.  30 

Satis  superque  me  benignitas  tua 

Ditavit:  haud  paravero 
Quod  aut,  avarus  ut  Cliremes,  terra  premam, 

Discinctus  aut  perdam  ut  nepos. 


ODE  II. 

"  Beatus  ille  qui  procul  negotiis, 

Ut  prisca  gens  mortalium, 
Paterna  rura  bobus  exercet  suis, 

Solutus  omni  foenore. 
Neque  excitatur  classico  miles  truci,  5 

Neque  horret  iratum  mare; 
Forumque  vitat,  et  superba  civium 

Potentiorum  limina. 
Ergo  aut  adulta  vitium  propagine 

Altas  maritat  populos ;  '  10 

Inutilesque  falce  ramos  amputans, 

Feliciores  inserit ; 
Aut  in  reducta  valle  mugientium 

Prospectat  errantes  greges ; 
Aut  pressa  puris  mella  condit  amphoris;  15 

Aut  tondet  infirmas  oves  ; 
Vel,  quum  decorum  mitibus  pomis  caput 

Autumnus  arvis  extuht, 
Ut  gaudet  insitiva  decerpens  pyra, 

Certantem  et  uvam  purpurae,  20 

Q,ua  muneretur  te,  Priape,  et  te,  pater 

Silvane,  tutor  finium ! 
Libet  jacere  modo  sub  antiqua  ihce, 

Modo  in  tenaci  gramine. 
Labuntur  akis  interim  ripis  aquae ;  25 

Queruntur  in  silvis  aves  ; 
Fontesque  lymphis  obstrepunt  manantibus, 

Somnos  quod  invitet  leves. 
At,  quum  tonantis  annus  hibernus  Jovis 

Imbrcs  nivesque  comparat,  30 

Aut  trudit  acres  hinc  et  hinc  muha  cane 


EPODON  LIBER.  77 

Apros  in  obstantes  plagas, 
Aut  amifenevi  rara  tendit  retia, 

Turdis  edacibus  dolos  ;  j^  ^ 

r^aviaumqiie  leporem,  et  advenam  laqueo  grucm,       35 

Jucunda  captat  praemia. 
Q,uis  non  malarum,  quas  amor  curas  habet, 

Haec  inter  o^Jiviscitur  ? 
Quod  si  pudica  mulier  in  partem  juvans 

Domum  atque  dulces  liberos,  40 

Sabina  qualis,  aut  perusta  solibus 

Pernicis  uxor  Appuli, 
Sacrum  vetustis  exstruat  lignis  focum 

Lassi  sub  adventum  viri, 
Claudensque  textis  cratibus  laetum  pecus  45 

Distenta  siccet  ubera, 
Et  horna  dulci  vina  promens  dolio 

Dapes  inemptas  apparet : 
Non  me  Lucrina  juverint  conchylia, 

Magisve  rhombus,  aut  scari,  60 

Si  quos  Eois  intonata  fluctibus 

Hiems  ad  hoc  vertat  mare ; 
Non  Afra  avis  descendat  in  ventrem  meam, 

Non  attagen  lonicus 
Jucundior,  quam  lecta  de  pinguissimis  55 

Oliva  ramis  arborum, 
Aut  herba  lapathi  prata  amantis,  et  gravi 

Malvae  salubres  corpori, 
Vel  agna  festis  csesa  Terminalibus, 

Vel  hoedus  ereptus  lupo.  60 

Has  inter  epulas,  ut  juvat  pastas  oves 

Videre  properantes  domum ; 
Videre  fessos  vomerem  inversum  boves 

Collo  trahentes  languido ; 
Positosque  vernas,  ditis  examen  domus,  65 

^  Circum  renidentes  Lares !" 
IlSc  ubT  locutus  foenerator  Alfius, 

Jam  jam  futurus  rusticus, 
Omnem  redegit  Idibus  pecuniam;. 

Quaerit  Kalendis  ponere.  70 

7» 


79  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

ODE  III. 

AD  MJECENATEM. 

Parentis  olim  si  quis  inipia  manu 

Senile  guttur  fregerit, 
Edat  cicutis  allium  nocentius. 

O  dura  messorum  ilia ! 
Q,uid  hoc  veneni  saevit  in  praecordiis?  6 

Num  viperinus  his  cruor 
Incoctus  herbis  me  fefellit]  an  malas 

Canidia  tractavit  dapes? 
Ut  Argonautas  proeter  omnes  candidum 

Medea  mirata  est  ducem,  10 

Ignota  tauris  illigaturum  juga, 

Perunxit  hoc  Jasonem : 
Hoc  dehbutis  uha  donis  pelhcem. 

Serpente  fugit  ahte. 
Nec  tantus  unquam  siderum  insedit  vapor  15 

Siticulosae  Apuhae ; 
Nec  munus  humeris  efficacis  Hercuhs 

Inarsit  aestuosius. 


ODE  IV. 

IN  MENAM. 

LuPis  et  agnis  quanta  sortito  obtigit, 

Tecum  mihi  discordia  est, 
Ibericis  peruste  funibus  latus, 

Et  crura  dura  compede. 
Licet  superbus  ambules  pecunia,  6 

Fortuna  non  mutat  genus. 
Videsne,  sacram  metiente  te  viam 

Cum  bis  ter  ulnarum  toga, 
Ut  ora  vertat  huc  et  huc  euntium 

Liberrima  indignatio?  10 

Sectus  flagehis  hic  TriumviraUbus, 

PrsEConis  ad  fastidium, 
Arat  Falerni  mille  fundi  jugera, 

Et  Appiam  mannis  terit : 
Sedilibusque  magnus  in  primis  eques,  ^ 

Othone  contempto,  sedet. 


EPODON  LIBER.  79» 

duid  attinet  tot  ora  navium  gravi 

Rostrata  duci  pondere 
Contra  latrones  alque  servilem  manum, 

Hoc,  hoc  tribuno  miiitum  ?  20 


ODE  V. 

IN  CANIDIAM  VENEFICAM. 


"  At,  o  deorum  quidquid  in  coelo  regit 

Terras  et  humanum  genus ! 
Quid  iste  fert  tumuhus  ?  et  quid  omnium 

Vuhus  in  unum  me  truces  1 
Per  hberos  te,  si  vocata  partubus  5 

Lucina  veris  adfuit, 
Per  hoc  inane  purpurae  decus,  precor, 

Per  improbaturum  haec  Jovem, 
Q,uid  ut  noverca  me  intueris,  aut  uti 

Petitaferro  belluaf'  10 

Ut  haec  trementi  questus  ore,  constitit 

Insignibus  raptis  puer, 
Impube  corpus,  quale  posset  impia 

Molhre  Thracum  pectora; 
Canidia,  brevibus  imphcata  viperis  15 

Crines  et  incomptum  caput, 
Jubet  sepulcris  caprificos  erutas, 

Jubet  cupressos  funebres, 
Et  uncta  turpis  ova  ranae  sanguine, 

Phnnamcjue  nocturnaB  strigis,  20 

Herbasque  quas  loicos  atque  Iberia 

Mittit  venenorum  ferax, 
Et  ossa  ab  ore  rapta  jejunas  canis, 
Flammis  aduri  Colchicis. 
At  expedita  Sagana,  per  totam  domum  25 

Spargens  Avernales  aquas, 
Horret  capilHs  ut  marinus  asperis 

Echinus,  aut  currens  aper. 
Abacta  nulla  Veia  conscientia 

Liofonibus  duris  humum  30 

Exhauriebat,  ingemens  laboribus ; 
duo  posset  infossus  puer 
Xjongo  die  bis  terque  mutatae  dapis 
Ineraori  spectaculo  j 


80  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

duum  promineret  ore,  quantum  exstant  aqud        35 

Suspensa  mento  corpora: 
Exusta  uti  medulla  et  aridum  jecur 

Amoris  esset  poculum, 
Interminato  quum  semel  fixse  cibo 

Intabuissent  pupulae.  40 

Non  defuisse  mascula^  libidinis 

Ariminensem  Foiiam, 
Et  otiosa  credidit  Neapolis, 

Et  omne  vicinum  oppidum, 
Q,uaB  sidera,  excantata  voce  Thessala,  45 

Lunamque  coelo  deripit. 
Hic  irresectum  saeva  dente  livido 

Canidia  rodens  pollicem, 
duid  dixit?  aut  qiiid  tacuit  ?  "  O  rebus  meis 

Non  infideles  arbitrae,  50 

Nox  et  Diana  quae  silentium  regis, 

Arcana  quum  fiunt  sacra  ; 
Nunc,  nunc  adeste ;  nunc  in  hostiles  domos 

Iram  atque  numen  vertite. 
Formidolosae  dum  latent  silvis  ferae,  55 

Dulci  sopore  languidae, 
Senem,  quod  omnes  rideant,  adulterum 

Latrent  Suburanae  canes, 
Nardo  perunctum,  quale  non  perfectius 

Meae  laborarint  manus.  60 

Ctuid  accidit?  cur  dira  barbarae  minus 

Venena  Medeae  valent, 
Quibus  superbam  fugit  ulta  pellicem, 

Magni  Creontis  filiam, 
Q-uum  palla,  tabo  munus  imbutum,  novam  65 

Incendio  nuptam  abstulit? 
Atqui  nec  herba  nec  latens  in  asperis 

Radix  fefellit  me  locis. 
Indormit  unctis  omnium  cubilibus 

Oblivione  pellicum.  70 

Ah!  ah!  solutus  ambulat  veneficae 

Scientioris  carmine. 
Non  usitatis,  Vare,  potionibus, 

O  multa  fleturum  caput! 
Ad  me  recurres ;  nec  vocata  mens  tua  75 

Marsis  redibit  vocibus. 
Majus  parabo,  majus  infundam  tibi 

Fastidieuti  poculum. 


EPODON  LIBER.  ^l 

Priusque  coRlum  sidet  inferius  mari, 

Tellure  porrecta  super,  80 

Q,uam  non  amore  sic  meo  flasres,  uti 

Bitumen  atris  ifjnibus." 
Sub  haec  puer  jam  non,  ut  ante,  mollibus 

Lenire  verbis  impias; 
Sed,  dubius  unde  rumperet  silentium,  85 

Misit  Thyesteas  preces : 
"  Venena,  magnum  fas  nefasque,  non  valent 

Convertere  humanam  vicem. 
Diris  agam  vos  :  dira  detestatio 

Nulla  expiatur  victima.  90 

Q,uTn,  ubi  perire  jussus  exspiravero, 

Nocturnus  occurram  Furor, 
Petamque  vultus  umbra  curvis  unguibus, 

duae  vis  Deorum  est  Manium ; 
Et  inquietis  adsidens  praecordiis,  95 

Pavore  somnos  auferam. 
Vos  turba  vicatim  hinc  et  hinc  saxis  petens 

Contundet  obscoenas  anus. 
Post  insepulta  membra  different  lupi 

Et  Esquilinae  alites  :  100 

Neque  hoc  parentes,  heu !  mihi  superstites ! 

Effugerit  spectaculum." 


ODE  VI. 

IN    CASSIUM    SEVERUM,    POETAM    MALEDICUM. 

QuiD  immerentes  hospites  vexas,  canis, 

Ignavus  adversum  lupos? 
Q,uin  huc  inanes,  si  potes,  vertis  minas, 

Et  me  remorsurum  petis? 
Nam,  qualis  aut  Molossus  aut  fulvus  Lacon,  5 

Amica  vis  pastoribus, 
Agam  per  altas  aure  sublata  nives, 

Quaecunque  praecedet  fera. 
Tu,  quum  timenda  voce  complesti  nemus, 

Projectum  odoraris  cibum.  10 

Cave,  cave,  namque  in  malos  asperrimus 

Parata  tollo  cornua : 


^  Q.  HORATll  FLACCI 

Qualis  Lycambae  spretus  infido  gener, 

Aut  acer  hostis  Bupalo. 
An,  si  quis  atro  dente  me  petiverit,  '        15 

Inultus  ut  flebo  puer  ? 


ODE  VII. 

AD    POPULUM    ROMANUM. 


Quo,  quo  scelesti  ruitis  ?  aut  cur  dexteris 

Aptantur  enses  conditi  ? 
Parumne  campis  atque  Neptuno  super 

Fusum  est  Latini  sanguinis? 
Non  ut  supcrbas  invidae  Carthaginis  5 

Romanus  arces  ureret, 
Intactus  aut  Britannus  ut  descenderet 

Sacra  catenatus  via  ; 
Sed  ut,  secundum  vota  Parthorum,  sua 

Urbs  hsBC  periret  dextera.  10 

Neque  hic  lupis  mos,  nec  fuit  leonibus, 

Nunquam  nisi  in  dispar  feris. 
Furorne  caecus,  an  rapit  vis  acrior  ? 

An  culpa?  responsum  date. 
Tacent;  et  ora  pallor  albus  inficit,  15 

Mentesque  perculsae  stupent. 
Sic  est :  acerba  fata  Romanos  agunt, 

Scelusque  fraternae  necis, 
Ut  immerentis  fluxit  in  terram  Remi 

Sacer  nepotibus  cruor.  20 


ODE  VIII. 

AD    M^CENATEM. 


QuANDO  repostum  Ca^cubum  ad  festas  dapes, 

Victore  lactus  Caesare, 
Tecum  sub  alta,  sic  Jovi  gratum,  domo, 

Beate  Maecenas,  bibam, 
Sonante  mixtum  tibiis  carmen  lyra, 

Hac  Dorium,  ilHs  Barbarum ; 
Ut  nuper,  actus  quum  freto  Neptunius 


EPODON  LIBER.  Q3 

Dux  fugit,  ustis  navibus, 
Minatus  urbi  vincla,  quae  detraxerat 

Servis  amicus  pertidis  ?  10 

Romanus,  eheu  !   (posteri  negabitis !) 

Emancipatus  fcemince, 
Fert  vallum  et  arma  miles,  et  spadonibus 

Servire  rugosis  potest ; 
Interque  signa  turpe  militaria  15 

Sol  adspicit  conopium. 
Ad  hoc  frementes  verterunt  bis  mille  equos 

Galli,  canentes  Caesarem ; 
Hostiliumque  navium  portu  latent 

Puppes  sinistrorsum  citae.  20 

lo  Triumphe  !  tu  moraris  aureos 

Currus,  et  intactas  boves  : 
lo  Triumphe  !  nec  Jugurthino  parem 

Bello  reportasti  ducem ; 
Neque  Africano,  cui  super  Carthaginem  25 

Virtus  sepulcrum  condidit. 
Terra  marique  victus  hostis  Punico 

Lugubre  mutavit  sagum ; 
Aut  ille  centum  nobilem  Cretam  urbibus, 

Ventis  iturus  non  suis,  30 

Exercitatas  aut  petii  Syrtes  Noto ; 

Aut  fertur  incerto  mari. 
Capaciores  affer  huc,  puer,  scyphos, 

Et  Chia  vina,  aut  I.esbia, 
Vel,  quod  fluentem  nauseam  coerceat,  35 

Metire  nobis  Caecubum. 
Curam  metumque  Caesaris  rerum  juvat 

Dulci  Lyaeo  solvere. 


ODE  IX. 

IN  MjEVIUM   poetam. 

Mala  soluta  navis  exit  alite, 

Ferens  olentem  Maevium. 

Ut  horridis  utrumque  verberes  latus, 
Auster,  memento  fluctibus. 

Niger  rudentes  Eurus,  inverso  mari, 
Fractosque  remos  differat. 

Insurgat  Aquilo,  quantus  altis  montibus 


Si  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Frangit  trementes  ilices : 
Nec  sidus  atra  nocte  amicum  appareat, 

Q,ua  tristis  Orion  cadit :  10 

Quietiore  nec  feratur  aequore, 

Q,uam  Graia  victorum  manus, 
Quum  Pallas  usto  vertit  iram  ab  liio 

In  impiam  Ajacis  ratem.    ' 
O  quantus  instat  navitis  sudor  tuis,  15 

Tibique  pallor  luteus, 
Et  illa  non  virilis  ejulatio, 

Preces  et  aversum  ad  Jovem, 
lonius  udo  quum  remugiens  sinus 

Noto  carinam  ruperit !  20 

Opima  quod  si  pra^da  curvo  littore 

Porrecta  mergos  juveris, 
Libidinosus  immolabitur  caper, 

Et  agna  Tempestatibus. 


ODE  X. 

AD    AMICOS. 

HoRRiDA  tempestas  ccelum  contraxit,  et  imbres 
Nivesque  deducunt  Jovem :  nunc  mare,  nunc  siluae, 

Threicio  Aquilone  sonant.     Rapiamus,  amici, 
Occasionem  de  die  :  dumque  virent  genua, 

Et  decet,  obducta  solvatur  fronte  senectus.  6 

Tu  vina  Torquato  move  consule  pressa  meo. 

Caetera  mitte  loqui :  deus  ha3C  fortasse  benigna 
Reducet  in  sedem  vice.     Nunc  et  Achaemenio 

Perfundi  nardo  juvat,  et  fide  Cyllenea 
Levare  diris  pectora  soUicitudinibus  :  10 

Nobilis  ut  grandi  cecinit  Centaurus  alumno  : 
"Invicte  mortalis,  dea  nate  puer  Thetide, 

Te  manet  Assaraci  tellus,  quam  frigida  parvi 
Findunt  Scamandri  flumina,  lubricus  et  Simois; 

Unde  tibi  reditum  certo  subtemine  Parcae  15 

Rupere ;  nec  mater  domum  coerula  te  revehet. 

Ulic  omne  malum  vino  cantuque  levato, 
Deformis  aegrimoniae  dulcibus  alloquiis." 


EPODON  LIBER.  85 

ODE  XI. 

AD    POPULUM    ROMANUM. 

Altera  jam  teritur  bellis  civilibus  setas, 

Suis  et  ipsa  Roma  viribus  ruit : 
Q,uam  neque  finitimi  valuerunt  perdere  Marsi, 

Minacis  aut  Etrusca  Porsenac  manus, 
iEmula  nec  virtus  Capuas,  nec  Spartacus  acer,  5 

Novisque  rebus  infideHs  AlJobrox, 
Nec  fera  coerulea  domuit  Germania  pube, 

Parentibusque  abominatus  Hannibal : 
Impia  perdemus  devoti  sanguinis  setas, 

Ferisque  rursus  occupabitur  solum.  10 

Barbarus,  heu !  cineres  insistet  victor,  et  Urbem 

Eques  sonante  verberabit  ungula  : 
Q,uaBque  carent  ventis  et  solibus,  ossa  Quirini, 

Nefas  videre!   dissipabit  insolens. 
Forte,  quid  expediat,  communiter,  aut  melior  pars,       15 

Malis  carere  quaeri^.is  laboribus. 
NuIIa  sit  hac  potior  sententia  :  Phocgeorum 

Velut  profugit  exsecrata  civitas, 
Agros  atque  Lares  proprios,  habitandaque  fana 

Apris  reliquit  et  rapacibus  lupis  ;  20 

Ire  pedes  quocunque  ferent,  quocunque  per  undas 

Notus  vocabit  aut  protervus  Africus. 
Sic  placet?  an  melius  quis  habet  suadere?  secunda 

Ratem  occupare  quid  moramur  alite? 
Sed  juremus  in  hsec  :  "  Simul  imis  saxa  renarint  25 

Vadis  levata,  ne  redire  sit  nefas : 
Neu  conversa  domum  pigeat  dare  lintea,  quando 

Padus  Matina  laverit  cacumina ; 
In  mare  seu  celsus  procurrerit  Apenninus ; 

Novaque  monstra  junxerit  libidine  30 

Mirus  amor,  juvet  ut  tigres  subsidere  cervis, 

Adulteretur  et  coluraba  miluo, 
Credula  nec  ravos  timeant  armenta  leones, 

Ametque  salsa  levis  hircus  Eequora." 
Haec,  et  quae  poterunt  reditus  abscindere  dulces,  35 

Eamus  omnis  exsecrata  civitas, 
Aut  pars  indocili  melior  grege  :  mollis  et  exspes 

Inominata  perprimat  cubiiia. 
Vos,  quibus  est  virtus,  muliebrem  tollite  luctutn, 

Etrusca  praeter  et  volate  littora.  40 

8 


8(5  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Nos  manet  Oceanus  circuni  vagus  arva  :  beata 

Petamus  arva,  divites  et  insulas, 
Reddit  ubi  Cererem  tellus  inarata  quotannis, 

Et  imputata  floret  usque  vinea, 
Germinat  et  nunquam  fallentis  termes  olivae,  45 

Suamque  pulla  ficus  ornat  arborem, 
Mella  cava  manant  ex  ilice,  montibus  altis 

Levis  crepante  lympha  desilit  pede. 
Dlic  injussge  veniunt  ad  mulctia  capellae, 

Refertque  tenta  grex  amicus  ubera ;  50 

Nec  vespertinus  circumgemit  ursus  ovile, 

Nec  intumescit  alta  viperis  humus ; 
Nulla  nocent  pecori  contagia,  nullius  astri 

Gregem  a^stuosa  torret  impotentia. 
Pluraque  felices*  mirabimur  ;  ut  neque  largis  55 

Aquosus  Eurus  arva  radat  imbribus, 
Pinoruia  nec  siccis  urantur  semina  glebis, 

Utrumque  rege  temperante  ccelitum. 
Non  huc  Argoo  contendit  remi^^ie  pinus, 

Neque  impudica  Colchis  intulit  pedem ;  60 

Non  huc  Sidonii  torserunt  cornua  nautae, 

Laboriosa  nec  cohors  Ulyssei' : 
Jupiter  illa  piae  secrevit  littora  geuti, 

Ut  inquinavit  SBre  tempus  aureum ; 
iEre,  dehinc  ferro  duravit  sa^cula,  quorum  65 

Piis  secunda,  vate  me,  datur  fuga. 


ODE  XIL 

AD  CANIDIAM. 

HORATIUS. 


Jam  jam  efficaci  do  manus  scientiae ; 

Supplex  et  oro  regna  per  Proserpinae, 

Per  et  Diana?  non  movenda  numina, 

Per  atque  libros  carminum  valentium 

Refixa  ccelo  devocare  sidera,  6 

Canidia,  parce  vocibus  tandem  sacris, 

Citumque  retro  solve,  solve,  turbinem. 

Movit  nepotem  Telephus  Nereium, 

In  quem  superbus  ordinarat  agmina 

Mysorum,  et  in  quem  tela  acuta  torserat.  10 


EPODON  LIBER.  87 

Unxere  matres  Iliae  addictum  feris 

Alitibus  atque  caiiibus  homicidam  Hectorem, 

Postquam  relictis  moenibus  rex  procidit, 

Heu  !  pervicacis  ad  pedes  Achillei*. 

Setosa  duris  exuere  pellibus  il5 

Laboriosi  remiges  Ulyssei", 

Volente  Circe,  membra ;  tunc  mens,  et  sonus 

Relapsus,  atque  notus  in  vultus  honor. 

Dedi  satis  superque  pcenarum  tibi, 

Amata  nautis  multum  et  institoribus.  20 

Fugit  juventas,  et  verecundus  color 

Reliquit  ossa  pelle  amicta  lurida  ; 

Tuis  capillus  albus  est  odoribus. 

Nullum  a  labore  me  reclinat  otium : 

Urget  diem  nox,  et  dies  noctem ;  neque  est  25 

Levare  tenta  spiritu  prgecordia. 

Ergo  negatum  vincor  ut  credam  miser, 

Sabella  pectus  increpare  carmina, 

Caputque  Marsa  dissilire  naenia. 

Quid  ampHus  vis  ?    O  mareetterra!  ardeo,  30 

Quantiim  neque  atro  delibutus  Hercules 

Nessi  cruore,  nec  Sicana  fervida 

Urens  in  JEtna  flamma.    Tu,  donec  cinis 

Injuriosis  aridus  ventis  ferar, 

Cales  venenis  officina  Colchicis.  35 

Quae  finis  ?  aut  quod  me  manet  stipendium  ? 

Effare  :  jussas  cum  fide  poenas  luam, 

Paratus  expiare,  seu  poposceris 

Centum  juvencos,  sive  mendaci  lyra 

Voles  sonari ;  tu  pudica,  tu  proba,  40 

Perambulabis  astra  sidus  aureum. 

Infamis  Helenae  Castor  ofTensus  vice, 

Fraterque  magni  Castoris,  victi  prece, 

Adempta  vati  reddidere  lumina. 

Et  tu,  potes  nam,  solve  me  dementia,  45 

O  nec  paternis  obsoleta  sordibus, 

Nec  in  sepulcris  pauperum  prudens  anus 

Novendiales  dissipare  pulveres. 

Tibi  hospitale  pectus  et  purae  manus. 

CANIDIA. 

Q,uid  obseratis  auribus  fundis  preces  ?  50 

Non  saxa  nudis  surdiora  navitis 
Neptunus  alto  tundit  hibernus  salo. 


38  EPODON  LIBER. 

Inultus  ut  tu  riseris  Cotyttia 

Vulgata,  sacrum  liberi  Cupidinis  ? 

Et  Esquiiini  pontifex  venefici  55 

Impune  ut  urbem  nomine  impleris  meo? 

duid  proderat  ditasse  Pelignas  anus, 

Velociusve  miscuisse  toxicum  ? 

Sed  tardiora  fata  te  votis  manent. 

Ingrata  misero  vita  ducenda  est,  in  hoc,  60 

Novis  ut  usque  suppetas  doloribus. 

Optat  quietem  Pelopis  infidus  pater, 

Egens  benignee  Tantalus  semper  dapis  ; 

Optat  Prometheus  obHgatus  ahti : 

Optat  supremo  collocare  Sisyphus  65 

In  monte  saxum  :  sed  vetant  leges  Jovis. 

Voles  modo  altis  desihre  turribus, 

Modo  ense  pectus  Norico  recludere  ; 

Frustraque  vincla  gutturi  nectes  tuo, 

Fastidiosa  tristis  fcgrimonia.  70 

Vectabor  humeris  tunc  ego  inimicis  eques, 

Meaeque  terra  cedet  insoJentiae. 

An,  quae  movere  cereas  imagines 

(Ut  ipse  nosti  curiosus),  et  polo 

Deripere  Lunam  vocibus  possim  meis,  75 

Possim  crematos  excitare  mortuos, 

Desiderique  temperare  poculum, 

Plorem  artis  in  te  nil  habentis  exitum  1 


I 


i 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCI 
CARMEN  S^CULARE. 

AD  APOLLINEM  ET  DIANAM. 

Phcebe,  silvarumque  potens  Diana, 
Lucidum  cceli  decus,  o  colendi 
Semper  et  culti,  date  quge  precamur 

Tempore  prisco ; 
Q,uo  Sibyllini  monuere  versus  5 

Virgines  lectas  puerosque  castos 
Dis,  quibus  septem  placuere  colles, 

Dicere  carmen. 
Alme  Sol,  curru  nitido  diem  qui 
Promis  et  celas,  aliusque  et  idem  10 

Nasceris,  possis  nihil  urbe  Roma 

Visere  majus ! 
Rite  maturos  aperire  partus 
Lenis  Ilithyia,  tuere  matres ; 
Sive  tu  Lucina  probas  vocari,  15 

Seu  Genitalis. 
Diva,  producas  sobolem,  Patrumque 
Prosperes  decreta  super  jugandis 
FoBminis,  prolisque  novfe  feraci 

Lege  marita.  20 

Certus  ut  denos  decies  per  annos 
Orbis  et  cantus  referatque  ludos,     , 
Ter  die  claro,  totiesque  grata 

Nocte  frequentes. 
Vosque  veraces  cecinisse,  Parcae,  25 

Q,uod  semel  dictum  est,  stabilisque  rerum 
Terminus  servet,  bona  jam  peractis 

Junsjite  fata. 
Fertilis  frugum  pecorisque  Tellus 
Spicea  donet  Cererem  corona  :  30 

Nutriant  foetus  et  aquae  salubres 
8  *  Et  Jovis  aursB. 


45 


90  CARMEN  S^CULARE. 

Condito  mitis  placidusque  telo 

Supplices  audi  pueros,  Apollo : 

Siderum  regina  bicornis,  audi,  35 

Luna,  puellas. 
Roma  si  vestrum  est  opus,  Iliasque 
Littus  Etruscum  tenuere  turmae, 
Jussa  pars  mutare  Lares  et  urbem 

Sospite  cursu,  40 

Cui  per  ardentem  sine  fraude  Trojam 
Castus  ^neas,  patriae  superstes, 
Liberum  munivit  iter,  daturus 

Plura  relictis : 
Di,  probos  mores  docili  juventae, 
Di,  senectuti  placidae  quietem, 
Romulae  genti  date  remque  prolemque 

Et  decus  omne, 
Q,uaeque  vos  bobus  veneratur  albis 
Clarus  Anchisae  Venerisque  sanguis,  60 

Impetret,  bellante  prior,  jacentem 

Lenis  in  hostem. 
Jam  mari  terraque  manus  potentes 
Medus  Albanasque  timet  secures : 
Jam  Scythae  responsa  petunt,  superbi  65 

Nuper,  et  Indi. 
Jam  Fides,  et  Pax,  et  Honor,  Pudorque 
Priscus,  et  neglecta  redire  Virtus 
Audet ;  apparetque  beata  pleno 

Copia  cornu.  w 

Augur  et  fulgente  decorus  arcu 
Phoebus,  acceptusque  novem  Camoenis, 
dui  salutari  levat  arte  fessos 
Corporis  artus, 
Si  Palatinas  videt  aequus  aras ;  65 

Remque  Romanam  Latiumque  felix 
Alterum  in  lustrum  mehusque  semper 

Prorocret  sevum. 
Quaeque  Aventinum  tenet  Algidumque, 
Quindecim  Diana  preces  virorum  70 

Curet,  et  votis  puerorum  amicas 

Applicet  aures. 
HsBC  Jovem  sentire  deosque  cunctos 
Spcm  bonam  certamque  domum  rcporto, 
Doctus  et  Phojbi  chorus  et  Dianae  T6 

Dicere  laudes. 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCI 
SATIRARUM 


LIBER  PRIMUS. 


SATIRA  I. 

AD  M^CENATEM. 

Q,ui  fit,  Msecenas,  ut  nemo  quam  sibi  sortem 
Seu  ratio  dederit,  seu  fors  objecerit,  illa 
Contentus  vivat,  laudet  diversa  sequentes? 
"  O  fortunati  mercatores  !"  gravis  annis 
Miles  ait,  multo  jam  fractus  membra  labore.  5 

Contra  mercator,  navim  jactantibus  Austris, 
"  Militia  est  potior  :  quid  enim  ?  concurritur ;  horae 
Momento  cita  niors  venit,  aut  victoria  laeta." 
Agricolam  laudat  juris  legumque  peritus, 
Sub  galli  cantum  consultor  ubi  ostia  pulsat.  10 

Ille,  datis  vadibus  qui  rure  extractus  in  urbem  est, 
Solos  felices  viventes  clamat  in  urbe. 
Caetera  de  genere  hoc,  adeo  sunt  multa,  loquacem 
Delassare  valent  Fabium.    Ne  te  morer,  audi 
duo  rem  deducam.    Si  quis  deus,  "  En  ego,"  dicat,     15 
"  Jam  faciam  quod  vultis :  eris  tu,  qui  modo  miles, 
Mercator  :  tu,  consultus  modo,  rusticus  :  hinc  vos,  * 
Vos  hinc,  mutatis  discedite  partibus. .  Eia ! 
Quid  statis?"  NoHnt.    Atqui  licet  esse  beatis. 
Quid  causse  est  merito  quin  ilhs  Jupiter  ambas  20 

Iratus  buccas  inflet,  neque  se  fore  posthac 
Tam  facilem  dicat  votis  ut  praebeat  aurem  ? 
Praeterea,  ne  sic,  ut  qui  jocularia,  ridens 
Percurram  :  quanquam  ridentem  dicere  verum 
Quid  vetat?  ut  pueris  olim  dant  crustula  blandi  25 

Doctores,  elementa  velint  ut  discere  prima : 


92  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Sed  tamen  amoto  quaeramus  seria  ludo. 

Ille  gravem  duro  terram  qui  vertit  aratro, 

Perfidus  hic  caupo,  miles,  nautsEque  per  omne 

Audaces  mare  qui  currunt,  hac  mente  laborem  30 

Sese  ferre,  senes  ut  in  otia  tuta  recedant, 

Aiunt,  quum  sibi  sint  congesta  cibaria  :  sicut 

Parvula,  nam  exemplo  est,  magni  formica  laboris 

Ore  trahit  quodcunque  potest,  atque  addit  aceivo 

Q,uem  struit,  haud  ignara  ac  non  incauta  futuri.  35 

Quse,  simul  inversum  contristat  Aquarius  annum, 

Non  usquam  prorepit,  et  illis  utitur  ante 

duaesitis  sapiens :  quum  te  neque  fervidus  a^stus 

Dimoveat  lucro,  neque  hiems,  ignis,  mare,  ferrum ; 

Nil  obstet  tibi,  dum  ne  sit  te  ditior  alter.  40 

Q,uid  juvat  immensum  te  argenti  pondus  et  auri 

Furtim  defossa  timidum  deponere  terra? — 

Quod,  si  comminuas,  vilem  redigatur  ad  assem. — 

At,  ni  id  fit,  quid  habet  pulchri  constructus  acervus  ? 

Millia  frumenti  tua  triverit  area  centum  ;  45 

Non  tuus  hoc  capiet  venter  plus  quam  meus :  ut,  si 

Reticulum  panis  venales  inter  onusto 

Forte  vehas  humero,  nihilo  plus  accipias  quam 

Qui  nil  portarit.    Vel  dic,  quid  referat  intra 

NatursE  fines  viventi,  jugera  centum,  an  50 

Mille  aret  ? — At  suave  est  ex  magno  tollere  acervo. — 

Dum  ex  parvo  nobis  tantundem  haurire  relinquas, 

Cur  tua  pliis  laudes  cumeris  granaria  nostris? 

Ut,  tibi  si  sit  opus  liquidi  non  amplins  urna, 

Vel  cyatho,  et  dicas  :   "  Magno  de  flumine  mallem,  55 

Q,uam  ex  hoc  fonticulo  tantundem  sumere."     E6  fit 

Plenior  ut  si  quos  delectet  copia  justo, 

Cum  ripa  simul  avulsos  ferat  Aufidus  acer: 

At  qui  tantulo  eget  quanto  est  opus,  is  neque  limo 

Turbatam  haurit  aquam,  neque  vitam  amittit  in  undis.      60 

At  bona  pars  hominum  decepta  cupidine  falso, 
"  Nil  satis  est,"  inquit ;  "  quia  tanti,  quantum  habeas,  sis." 
Quid  facias  illi?  jubeas  miserum  esse,  libentcr 
Quatenus  id  facit :  ut  quidam  memoratur  Athenis, 
Sordidus  ac  dives,  populi  contemnere  voces  65 

Sic  solitus  :  "  Populus  me  sibilat ;  at  mihi  plaudo 
Ipse  domi,  simul  ac  nummos  contemplor  in  arca." 
Tantalus  a  labris  sitiens  fugientia  captat 
Flumiua.    Quid  rides?  mutato  nomine  de  te 
Fabula  narratur  :  congestis  undique  saccis  70 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.     "  93 

Indormis  inhians,  et  tanquam  parcere  sacris 
Cogeris,  aut  pictis  tanquam  gaudere  tabeliis. 
Nescis  quo  valeat  nummus,  quem  prsebeat  usum? 
Panis  ematur,  olus,  vini  sextarius  :  adde, 
Queis  liumana.  sibi  doleat  natura  negatis.  75 

An  vigilare  metu  exanimem,  noctesque  diesque 
Formidare  malos  fures,  incendia,  servos, 
Ne  te  compilent  fugientes,  hoc  juvat  1  horum 
Semper  ego  optarim  pauperrimus  esse  bonorum. — 
At,  si  condoluit  tentatum  frigore  corpus,  80 

Aut  alius  casus  lecto  te  affixit,  habes  qui 
Assideat,  fomenta  paret,  medicum  roget,  ut  te 
Suscitet,  ac  reddat  natis  carisque  propinquis  ? — 
Non  uxor  salvum  te  vult,  non  fihus :  omnes 
Vicini  oderunt,  noti,  pueri  atque  puehae.  85 

Miraris,  quum  tu  argento  post  omnia  ponas, 
Si  nemo  prsestet,  quem  non  merearis,  amorem  ? 
An,  si  cognatos,  nullo  natura  labore 
Q,uos  tibi  dat,  retinere  veUs,  servareque  amicos, 
Infehx  operam  perdas,  ut  si  quis  aselium  90 

In  campo  doceat  parentem  currere  fraenis? 
Denique  sit  finis  quaerendi ;  quoque  habeas  plus, 
Pauperiem  metuas  minus,  et  finire  laborem 
Incipias,  parto  quod  avebas ;  ne  facias  quod 
Ummidius  quidam,  non  longa  est  fabula,  dives  95 

Ut  metiretur  nummos  ;  ita  sordidus,  ut  se 
Non  unquam  servo  mehus  vestiret ;  ad  usque 
Supremum  tempus,  ne  se  penuria  victiis 
Opprimeret,  metuebat.    At  hunc  hberta  securi 
Divisit  medium,  fortissima  Tyndaridarum. —  100 

Q,uid  mi  igitur  suades?  ut  vivam  Naevius?  aut  sic 
Ut  Nomentanus  ? — Pergis  pugnantia  secum 
Frontibus  adversis  componere  ?    Non  ego,  avarum 
duum  veto  te  fieri,  vappam  jubeo  ac  nebulonem. 
Est  inter  Tanaim  quiddam  socerumque  Viselli.  105 

Est  modus  in  rebus,  sunt  certi  denique  fines, 
Q,uos  ultra  citraque  nequit  consistere  rectum. 
Illuc,  unde  abii,  redeo.     Nemon'  ut  avarus 
Se  probet,  at  potius  laudet  diversa  sequentes? 
Q,u6dque  aliena  capella  gerat  distentius  uber,  110 

Tabescat?  neque  se  majori  pauperiorum 
Turbs  comparet?  hunc  atque  hunc  superare  laboret? 
Sic  festinanti  semper  locupletior  obstat : 
Ut,  quum  carceribus  rnissos  rapit  ungula  currus, 


94  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI       - 

Instat  equis  auriga  suos  vincentibus,  illum  115 

Praeteritum  temnens  extremos  inter  euntem. 
Inde  fit  ut  raro,  qui  se  vixisse  beatum 
Dicat,  ot  exacto  contentus  tempore  vitae 
Cedat  uti  conviva  satur,  reperire  queamus. 

Jam  satis  est :  ne  me  Crispini  scrinia  lippi  ^20 

Compilasse  putes,  verbum  non  amplius  addam. 


SATIRA  II. 


Ambubajarum  collegia,  pharmacopolae, 

Mendici,  mimse,  balatrones,  hoc  genus  omne 

Moestum  ac  sollicitum  est  cantoris  morte  Tigelli ; 

Q,uippe  benignus  erat :  contra  hic,  ne  prodigus  esse 

Dicatur  metuens,  inopi  dare  nolit  amico  5 

Frigus  quo  duramque  famem  depellere  possit. 

Hunc  si  perconteris,  avi  cur  atque  parentis 

Praeclaram  ingrata  stringat  malus  ingluvie  rem, 

Omnia  conductis  coemens  obsonia  nummis ; 

Sordidus  atque  animi  quod  parvi  nolit  haberi,  10 

Rospondet :  laudatur  ab  his,  culpatur  ab  illis. 

Fufidius  vappae  faraam  timet  ac  nebulonis, 

Dives  agris,  dives  positis  in  foenore  nummis. 

duinas  hic  capiti  mercedes  exsecat ;  atque 

Quanto  perditior  quisque  est,  tanto  acrius  urget;  15 

Nomina  sectatur,  modo  sumpta  veste  virili 

Sub  patribus  duris,  tironum.     "  Maxime,"  quis  non, 

"  Jupiter!"  exclamet,  simul  atque  audivit? — At  in  se 

Pro  quaestu  sumptum  facit. — Hic  vix  credere  possis 

Q,uam  sibi  non  sit  amicus  :  ita  ut  pater  ille,  Terenti         20 

Fabula  quem  miserum  nato  vixisse  fugato 

Inducit,  non  se  pejus  cruciaverit  atque  hic. 

Si  quis  nunc  quaerat,  "  Q-uo  res  haec  pertinet?"  Illuc : 
Dum  vitant  stulti  vitia,  in  contraria  currunt. 
Pastillos  RufiUus  olct,  Gorgonius  hircum.  25 


SATIRA  III. 


Omnibus  hoc  vitium  est  cantoribus,  inter  amicos 
Ut  nunquam  inducant  animum  cantare  rogati, 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  L  3.  96' 

Injussi  niinquam  desistant.    Sardus  habebat 

Ille  Tigellius  hoc.     Cajsar,  «jui  cogere  posset, 

Si  peteret  per  amicitiam  patris  atque  suam,  non  5 

Q,uidquam  proficeret :  si  collibuisset,  ab  ovo 

Usque  ad  mala  citaret,  *'  lo  Bacche,"  modo  summa 

Voce,  modo  hac  resonat  quae  chordis  quatuor  ima. 

Nil  sequale  homini  fuit  ilh  :  ssepe  velut  qui 

Currebat  fugiens  hostem  ;  perssepe  velut  qui  10 

Junonis  sacra  ferret :  habebat  saepe  ducentos, 

Saepe  deccm  servos  :  modo  reges  atque  tetrarchas, 

Omnia  magna  loquens ;  modo,  "  Sit  mihi  mensa  tripes,  et 

Concha  sahs  puri,  et  toga,  quse  defendere  frigus, 

Q,uamvis  crassa,  queat."   Decies  centena  dedisses  15 

Huic  parco  paucis  contento,  quinque  diebus 

Nil  erat  in  locuHs  :  noctes  vigilabat  ad  ipsum 

Mane  ;  diem  totam  stertebat :  nil  fuit  unquam 

Sic  impar  sibi.    Nunc  aliquis  dicat  mihi : — Quid  tu? 

Nullane  habes  vitia  ? — Immo  aha,  et  fortasse  minora.       20 

Msenius  absentem  Novium  quum  carperet ;  "  Heus  tu," 
duidam  ait,"  ignoras  te  ?  an  ut  ignotum  dare  nobis 
Verba  putas?"     "  Egomet  mi  ignosco,"  Msenius  inquit. 
Stultus  et  improbus  hic  amor  est,  dignusque  notari. 
Q,uum  tua  pervideas  ocuHs  mala  hppus  inunctis,  25 

Cur  in  amicorum  vitiis  tam  cernis  acutiim, 
Q,uam  aut  aquila,  aut  serpens  Epidaurius?  At  tibi  contra 
Evenit,  inquirant  vitia  ut  tua  rursus  et  ilh. — 
Iracundior  est  paulo  :  minus  aptus  acutis 
Naribus  horum  hominum.    Rideri  possit,  eo  quod  30 

Rusticius  tonso  to^a  defluit,  et  male  laxus 
In  pede  calceus  hseret. — At  est  bonus,  ut  melior  vir 
Non  ahus  quisquam  :  at  tibi  amicus  :  at  ingenium  ingens 
Inculto  latet  hoc  sub  corpore.    Denique  te  ipsum 
Concute,  num  qua  tibi  vitiorum  inseverit  olim  35 

Natura,  aut  etiam  consuetudo  mala:  namque 
Neglectis  urenda  filix  innascitur  agris.  - 

Illuc  prsevertamur,  amatorem  quod  amicae 
Turpia  decipiunt  csecum  vitia,  aut  etiam  ipsa  haec 
Delectant;  veluti  Balbinum  polypus  Hagnae.  40 

Vellem  in  amicitia  sic  erraremus,  et  isti 
Errori  nomen  virtus  posuisset  honestum. 
At,  pater  ut  gnati,  sic  nos  debemus  amici, 
Si  quod  sit  vitium,  non  fastidire.    Strabonem 
Appellat  pcEtum  pater ;  et  pullum,  male  parvus  45 

Si  cui  fihus  est,  ut  abortivus  fuit  olim 


96  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Sisyphus  :  hunc  Varum,  distortis  cruribus  ;  illum 

Balbutit  Scauruin,  pravis  fuliuin  inale  talis. 

Parciijs  hic  vivit?  frugi  dicatur :  ineptus 

Et  jactantior  hic  paulo  est?  concinnus  amicis  50 

Postulat  ut  videatur  :  at  est  truculentior,  atque 

Plus  a^quo  liber?  simplex  fortisque  habeatur. 

Caldior  est  ?  acres  inter  numeretur  :  opinor, 

Haec  res  et  jungit,  junctos  et  servat  amicos. 

At  nos  virtutes  ipsas  invertimus,  atque  55 

Sincerum  cupimus  vas  incrustare.     Probus  quis 

Nobiscum  vivit ;  multuin  est  demissus  homo  :  ilh 

Tardo  cognomen  pingui  damus :  hic  fugit  omnes 

Insidias,  nuUique  malo  latus  obdit  apertum, 

Q,uum  genus  hoc  inter  vitse  versetur,  ubi  acris  60 

Invidia  atque  vigent  ubi  crimina ;  pro  bene  sano 

Ac  non  incauto,  tictuin  astutumque  vocamus. 

Simplicior  quis,  et  est  qualem  me  ssepe  hbenter 

Obtulerim  tibi,  Maecenas,  ut  forte  legrentem 

Aut  tacitum  impellat  quovis  serinone  ?  "  Molestus  !  65 

Communi  sensu  plane  caret,"  inquimus.    Eheu  ! 

Q,uam  temere  in  nosmet  legem  sancimus  iniquam ! 

Nam  vitiis  nemo  sine  nascitur  :  optimus  ille  est 

dui  minimis  urgetur.     Amicus  dulcis,  ut  aequum  est, 

Q,uum  mea  compenset  vitiis  bona,  pluribus  hisce,  70 

Si  modo  plura  mihi  bona  sunt,  inclinet :  amari 

Si  volet  hac  lege,  in  trutina  ponetur  eadem. 

Q,ui  ne  tuberibus  propriis  offendat  amicum 

Po&tulat,  ignoscet  verrucis  ilHus :  sequum  est 

Peccatis  veniam  poscentem  reddere  rursus.  75 

Denique,  quatenus  excidi  peniti^is  vitium  irae, 
Caetera  item  nequeunt  stultis  haerentia :  cur  non 
Ponderibus  moduhsque  suis  ratio  utitur,  ac  res  ** 

Ut  quseque  est,  ita  suppliciis  deHcta  coercet? 
Si  quis  eum  servum,  patinam  qui  tollere  jussus  80 

Semesos  pisces  tepiduniquc  ligurrierit  jus, 
In  cruce  suffiorat,  Labeone  insanior  inter 
Sanos  dicatur.    Quanto  hoc  furiosius  atque 
Majus  peccatum  est !     Pauliim  deliquit  amicus 
(Quod  nisi  concedas,  habeare  insuavis)  ;  acerbus  85 

Odisti,  et  fugis,  ut  Drusonem  debitor  aeris, 
Qui,  nisi,  quum  tristes  misero  venere  Kalendae, 
Mercedem  aut  nummos  unde  unde  extricat,  amaras 
Porrecto  jugulo  historias,  captivus  ut,  audit. 
Comminxit  lectum  potus,  mensave  catillum  90 


SATIRARLM  LIB.  I.  3.  97 

Evandri  manibus  tritum  dejecit ;  ob  hanc  rem, 
Aut  positum  ante  mea  quia  pullum  in  parte  catini 
Sustulit  esuriens,  minus  hoc  jucundus  amicus 
Sit  mihi.    Q,uid  faciam,  si  furtum  fecerit,  aut  si 
Prodiderit  commissa  fide,  sponsumve  negarit?  95 

Queis  paria  esse  fere  placuit  peccata,  laborant     " 
Q,uum  ventum  ad  verum  est :  sensus  moresque  repugnant, 
Atque  ipsa  utilitcs,  justi  prope  mater  et  aequi. 
Q,uum  prorepserunt  primis  animalia  terris, 
Mutum  et  turpe  pecus,  glandem  atque  cubilia  propter,     100 
Unguibus  et  pugnis,  dein  fustibus,  atque  ita  porro 
Pugnabant  armiy,  quae  post  fabricaverat  usus ; 
Donec  verba,  quibus  voces  sensusque  notarent, 
Nominaque  invenere  :  dehinc  absistere  bello, 
Oppida  coeperunt  munire,  et  ponere  leges,  105 

Ne  quis  fur  esset,  neu  latro,  neu  quis  adulter. 
Nam  fuit  ante  Helenam  mulier  teterrima  belli 
Causa  :  sed  ignotis  perierunt  mortibus  illi, 
Quos  Venerem  incertam  rapientes,  more  ferarum, 
Viribus  editior  csedebat,  ut  in  grege  taurus.  110 

Jura  inventa  metu  injusti  fateare  necesse  est, 
Tempora  si  fastosque  velis  evolvere  mundi, 
Nec  natura  potest  justo  secernere  iniquum 
Dividit  ut  bona  diversis,  fugienda  petendis. 
Nec  vincet  ratio  hoc,  tantundem  ut  peccet  idemque        115 
Qui  teneros  caules  alieni  fregerit  horti, 
Et  qui  nocturnus  divum  sacra  legerit.     Adsit 
Regula  peccatis  quae  poenas  irroget  aequas, 
Ne  scutica  dignum  horribili  sectere  flagello. 
Nam,  ut  ferula  caedas  meritum  majora  subire  120 

Verbera,  non  vereor ;  quum  dicas  esse  pares  res 
Furta  latrociniis,  et  magnis  parva  mineris 
Falce  recisurum  simili  te,  si  tibi  reo-num 
Permittant  homines.     Si  dives,  qui  sapiens  est, 
Et  sutor  bonus  et  solus  formosus  et  est  rex;  -125 

Cur  optas  quod  habe*  ? — Non  nosti  quid  pater,  inquit, 
Chrysippus  dicat :  sapiens  crepidas  sibi  nunquam 
Nec  soleas  fecit ;  sutor  tamen  est  sapiens. — Quo  ? — 
Ut,  quamvis  tacet  Hermogenes,  cantor  tamen  atque 
Optimus  est  modulator ;  ut  Alfenus  vafer,  omni  130 

Abjecto  instrumento  artis,  clausaque  taberna, 
Sutor  erat ;  sapiens  operis  sic  optimus  omnis 
Est  opifex  solus,  sic  rex. — Vellunt  tibi  barbam 
Lascivi  pueri ;  quos  tu  nisi  fuste  coerces, 
9 


98  Q.  HORATll  FLACCI 

Urgeris  turba  circum  te  stante,  miserque  135 

Rumperis  et  latras,  magnorum  maxime  regum. 

Ne  longum  faciam :  dum  tu  quadrante  lavatum 

Rex  ibis,  neque  te  quisquam  stipator,  ineptum 

Praeter  Crispinum,  sectabitur ;  et  mihi  dulces 

Ignoscent,  si  quid  peccavero  stultus,  amici ;  140 

Inque  vicem  illorum  patiar  delicta  libenter, 

Privatusque  magis  vivam  te  rege  beatus. 


SATIRA  IV. 


EuPOLis  atque  Cratinus  Aristophanesque,  poetae, 

Atque  ahi  quorum  comoedia  prisca  virorum  est, 

Si  quis  erat  dignus  describi,  quod  malus,  aut  fur, 

Q,u6d  moechus  foret,  aut  sicarius,  aut  ahoqui 

Famosus,  multa  cum  libertate  notabant.  6 

Hinc  omnis  pendet  Lucilius,  hosce  sequutus, 

Mutatis  tantiim  pedibus  numerisque;   facetus, 

Emunctse  naris,  durus  coraponere  versus. 

Nam  fuit  hoc  vitiosus ;  in  hora  ssepe  ducentos, 

Ut  magnum,  versus  dictabat,  stans  pede  in  uno.  10 

Q,uum  flueret  lutulentus,  erat  quod  tollere  velles : 

Garrulus,  atque  piger  scribendi  ferre  laborem, 

Scribendi  recte  ;  nam  ut  multum,  nil  moror.     Ecce, 

Crispinus  minimo  me  provocat. — Accipe,  si  vis, 

Accipe  jam  tabulas  ;  detur  nobis  locus,  hora,  15 

Custodes  ;  videamus  uter  plus  scribere  possit. — 

Di  bene  fecerunt,  inopis  me  quodque  pusilli 

Finxerunt  animi,  raro  et  perpauca  loquentis : 

At  tu  conclusas  hircinis  follibus  auras, 

Usque  laborantes,  dum  ferrum  molliat  ignis,  20 

Ut  mavis,  imitare  . . .  Beatus  Fannius,  ultro 

Delatis  capsis  et  imagine !  quum  mea  nemo 

Scripta  legat,  vulgo  recitare  timentis,  ob  hanc  rem, 

Q,u6d  sunt,  quos  genus  hoc  minirae  juvat,  utpote  plures 

Culpari  dignos.    Quemvis  media  erue  turba  :  25 

Aut  ob  avaritiam,  aut  misera  ambitione  laborat. 

Hunc  capit  argenti  splendor ;  stupet  Albius  aere : 

Hic  mutat  merces  surgente  a  sole  ad  eum  quo 

Vespertina  tepet  regio ;  quin  per  mala  prseceps 

Fertur,  uti  pulvis  collectus  turbine,  ne  quid  30 

Summa  deperdat  metuens,  aut  ampliet  ut  rem. 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.  4.  99 

Omnes  hi  metuunt  versus,  odere  poetas. — 

Foenum  habet  in  cornu;  longe  fuge,  dummodo  risum 

Excutiat  sibi,  non  hic  cuiquam  parcet  amico  : 

Et,  quodcunque  semel  chartis  illeverit,  omnes  35 

Gestiet  a  furno  redeuntes  scire,  lacuque, 

Et  pueros  et  anus. — Agedum,  pauca  accipe  contra. 

Primum  ego  me  illorum,  dederim  quibus  esse  poetas, 

Excerpam  numero:  neque  enim  concludere  versum 

Dixeris  esse  satis;  neque,  si  quis  scribat,  uti  nos,  40 

Sermoni  propiora,  putes  hunc  esse  poetam. 

Ingenium  cui  sit,  cui  mens  divinior,  atque  os 

Magna  sonaturum,  des  nominis  hujus  honorem. 

Idcirco  quidam,  Comoedia  necne  poema 

Esset,  qua^sivere ;  quod  acer  spiritus  ac  vis  45 

Nec  verbis  nec  rebus  inest;  nisi  quod  pede  certo 

Differt  sermoni,  sermo  merus. — At  pater  ardens 

SaBvit  quod,  meretrice  nepos  insanus  amica, 

Fihus  uxorem  grandi  cum  dote  recuset, 

Ebrius  et,  magnum  quod  dedecus,  ambulet  ante  50 

Noctem  cum  facibus. — Numquid  Pomponius  istis 

Audiret  leviora,  pater  si  viveret  ?  . . .  Ergo 

Non  satis  est  puris  versum  perscribere  verbis ; 

Cluem  si  dissohas,  quivis  stomachetur  eodem 

Q,uo  personatus  pacto  pater.     His,  ego  qusB  nunc,  55 

Olim  quae  scripsit  Lucilius,  eripias  si 

Tempora  certa  modosque,  et,  quod  prius  ordine  verbum  est, 

Posterius  facias,  prseponens  ultima  primis ; 

Non,  ut  si  solvas,  "  Postquam  discordia  tetra 

Helli  ferratos  postes  portasque  refregit^^  60 

Invenias  etiam  disjecti  membra  poetae. 

Hactenus  haec  :  alias,  justum  sit  necne  poema; 

Nunc  illud  tantiim  quaeram,  meritone  tibi  sit 

Suspectum  genus  hoc  scribendi.     Sulcius  acer 

Ambulat  et  Caprius,  rauci  male,  cumque  libellis  ;  65 

Magnus  uterque  timor  latronibus ;  at,  bene  si  quis 

Et  puris  vivat  manibus,  contemnat  utrumque. 

Ut  sis  tu  similis  Coeli  Birrique  latronum, 

Non  ego  sim  Capri,  neque  Sulci ;  cur  metuas  me? 

Nulla  taberna  meos  habeat  neque  pila  libellos,  70 

Queis  manus  insudet  vulgi  Hermogenisque  Tigelli ; 

Nec  recitem  cuiquam,  nisi  amicis,  idque  coactus, 

Non  ubivis,  coramve  quibuslibet. — In  medio  qui 

Scripta  foro  recitent  sunt  multi. — Q,uique  lavantes : 

Suave  locus  voci  resonat  conclusus.    Inanes  75 


100  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Hoc  juvat,  haud  illud  quaerentes,  num  sine  sensu, 

Tempore  num  faciant  alieno. — La^dere  gaudes, 

Inquis  :  et  hoc  studio  pravus  facis. — Unde  petitum 

Hoc  in  me  jacis  ?  est  auctor  quis  denique  eorum 

Vixi  cum  quihus  ?     Absentem  qui  rodit  amicum ;  80 

Qui  non  defendit,  alio  culpante  ;  solutos 

Q,ui  captat  risus  hominum,  famamque  dicacis; 

Fingere  qui  non  visa  potest ;  commissa  tacere 

Q,ui  nequit :  hic  niger  est;  hunc  tu,  Romane,  caveto. 

Sa3pe  tribus  lectis  videas  canare  quaternos  ;  85 

E  quibus  unus  avet  quavis  aspergere  cunctos, 

Praeter  eum  qui  pracbet  aquam  ;  post,  hunc  quoque  potus, 

Condita  quurn  verax  aperit  praicordia  Liber: 

Ilic  tibi  comis  et  urbanus  liberque  videtur 

Infesto  nigris.    Ego,  si  risi  quod  ineptus  90 

Pastillos  RufiUus  olet,  Gorgonius  hircum, 

Lividuset  mordax  videor  tibi.     Mentio  si  qua 

l)e  Capitolini  furtis  injecta  Petilli 

Te  coram  fuerit,  defendas,  ut  tuus  est  mos  :— 

Me  Capitolinus  convictore  usus  amicoque  95 

A  puero  est,  causaque  mea  permuha  rogatus 

Fecit ;  et  incohunis  laetor  quod  vivit  in  urbe  : 

Sed  tamen  admiror  quo  pacto  judicium  illud 

Fufferit. — Hic  niffrae  succus  loli<Tinis  ;  haec  est 

O  G  O  -^  ^ 

^rugo  mera  ;  quod  vitium  procul  abfore  chartis,  100 

Atque  animo  priijs,  ut,  si  quid  promittere  de  me 

Fossum  aliud,  vere  promitto.     Liberius  si 

Dixero  quid,  si  forte  jocosius,  hoc  mihi  juris 

Cum  venia  dabis :  insuevit  pater  optimus  hoc  me, 

Ut  fugerem,  exemplis  vitiorum  quseque  notando.  105 

Q,uutn  me  hortaretur,  parce,  frugaliter,  atque 

Viverem  uti  contentus  eo  quod  mi  ipse  parasset : 

"  Nonne  vidcs,  Albi  ut  male  vivat  lilius?  utque 

Barrus  inops  ?  magnum  documentum,  ne  patriam  rem 

Perdere  quis  velit."      A  turpi  meretricis  amore  110 

Q,uum  deterreret,  "  Sectani  dissimilis  sis." 

Ne  sequerer  mu^chas,  concessa  (juum  Venere  uti 

Possem,  "  Deprensi  non  bella  est  fama  Treboni," 

Aiebat.     "  Sapiens,  vitatu  quid^jue  petitu 

Sit  melius,  causas  reddet  tibi :  mi  satis  est,  si  115 

Traditum  ab  antiquis  moreni  servare,  tuamque, 

DuiP  custodis  eges,  vitam  famamque  tueri 

IncouimHni  possum  :  simul  ac  duraverit  a;tas 

Membra  anuuuMr^^e  tuum,  nabis  sine  cortice."     Sic  me 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.  5.  101 

Formabat  puerum  dictis  :  et  sive  jubebat  120 

Ut  facerem  quid,  "Habes  auctorem  quo  facias  hoc;" 

Unum  ex  judicibus  selectis  objiciebat : 

Sive  vetabat,  "An  hoc  inhonestum  et  inutile  factum 

Necne  sit,  addubites,  flagret  rumore  malo  quum 

Hic  atque  ille?"  Avidos  vicinum  funus  ut  aegros  125 

Exanimat,  mortisque  metu  sibi  parcere  cogit ; 

Sic  teneros  animos  ahena  opprobria  saspe 

Absterrent  vitiis.     Ex  hoc  ego  sarms  ab  illis 

Perniciem  qusecunque  ferunt ;  mediocribus,  et  queis 

Ignoscas,  vitiis  teneor  :  fortassis  et  isthinc  130 

Largiter  abstulerit  longa  aetas,  hber  amicus, 

Consihum  proprium.     Neque  enim,  quum  lectulus  aut  me 

Porticus  excepit,  desum  mihi :  "  Rectius  hoc  est; 

Hoc  faciens,  vivam  mehirs ;  sic  dulcis  amicis 

Occurram  :  hoc  quidam  non  behe  ;  numquid  ego  illi      135 

Imprudcns  ohm  faciam  simile  ?"  Ha?c  ego  mecum 

Compressis  agito  labris ;  ubi  quid  datur  oti, 

Uludo  chartis.     Hoc  est  mediocribus  ilhs 

Ex  vitiis  unum  ;  cui  si  concedere  nohs, 

Muha  poetarum  veniat  manus,  auxiho  quae  140 

Sit  mihi,  nam  muho  plures  sumus ;  ac  veluti  te 

Judaji  cogemus  in  hanc  concedere  turbam. 


SATIRA  V. 


Egressum  magna  me  excepit  Aricia  Roma 
Hospitio  modico  :  rhetor  comes  Heliodorus, 
Graecorum  longe  doctissirnus.     Inde  Forum  Appi, 
Differtum  nautis,  cauponibus  atque  malignis. 
Hoc  iter  ignavi  divisimus,  altius  ac  nos  5 

Praecinctis  unum  :  minus  est  gravis  Appia  tardis. 
Hic  ego,  propter  aquarn,  quod  erat  deterjrima,  ventri 
Indico  bellum,  ccEuantes  haud  animo  sequo 
Exspectans  comites.     Jam  nox  inducere  terris 
Umbras,  et  coelo  diffundere  signa  parabat :  10 

Tum  pueri  nautis,  pueris  convicia  nautae 
Ingerere.     **  Huc  appelle."     ''  Trecentos  inseris ;  ohe  I 
Jam  satis  est!"  Dum  aes  exigitur,  dum  mula  ligatur, 
Tota  abit  hora.     Mali  culices  ranaeque  palustres 
Avertunt  somnos;  absentem  ut  cantat  amicam  15 

Multa  prolutus  vappa  nauta  atque  viator 
9* 


102  Q.  HORATII  FLACC! 

Certatim  :  tandem  fessus  dormire  viator 

Incipit;  ac  missae  pastum  retinacula  nmlaB 

Nauta  piger  saxo  religat,  stertitque  supinus. 

Jamque  dies  aderat,  quum  nil  procedere  iintrem  20 

Sentimus  ;  donec  cerebrosus  prosilit  unus, 

Ac  muhe  nauta^que  caput  lumbosque  saligno 

Fuste  dolat :  quarta  vix  demum  exponimur  hora, 

Ora  manusque  tua,  lavimus,  Feronia,  lympha. 

Millia  tum  pransi  tria  repimus,  atque  subimus  25 

Impositum  saxis  late  candentibus  Anxur. 

IIuc  venturus  erat  Maecenas,  optitnus  atque 

Cocceius,  missi  magnis  de  rebus  uterque 

Legati,  aversos  soliti  componere  amicos. 

Hic  oculis  ego  nigra  m.eis  collyria  lippus  30 

Illinere.     Interea  Maecenas  advenit  atque 

Cocceius,  Capitoque  simul  Fonteius,  ad  unguem 

Factus  homo,  Antoni,  non  ut  magis  alter,  amicus. 

Fundos  Aufidio  Lusco  proetore  fibenter 
Linquimus,  insani  ridentes  praemia  scribae,  35 

Prsetextam,  et  latum  clavum,  prunaeque  batillum. 
In  Mamurrarum  lassi  deinde  urbe  manemus, 
Muraena  praebente  domum,  Capitone  culinam. 

Postera  lux  oritur  multo  gratissima  :  namque 
Plotius  et  Varius  Sinuessae  Virgiliusque  40 

Occurrunt ;  animae,  quales  neque  candidiores 
Terra  tulit,  neque  queis  me  sit  devinctior  alter. 
O  qui  complexus  et  gaudia  quanta  fuerunt ! 
Nil  ego  contulerim  jucundo  sanus  amico. 
Proxima  Campano  ponti  quae  villula  tectum  45 

Praebuit,  et  parochi,  quae  debent,  ligna  salemque. 
Hinc  muli  Capuae  clitellas  tempore  ponunt. 
Lusum  it  Maecenas;  dormitum  ego  Virgiliusque  : 
Namque  pila  lippis  inimicum  et  ludere  crudis. 

Ilinc  nos  Cocceii  recipit  plenissima  villa,  50 

Q,ua3  super  est  Caudi  cauponas.     Nunc  mihi  paucis 
Sarmenti  scurrae  pugnam  Messique  Cicirri, 
Musa,  velim  memores ;  et  quo  patre  natus  uterque 
Contulerit  lites.     Messi  clarum  genus  Osci ; 
Sarmenti  domina  exstat.     Ab  his  majoribus  or'i  55 

Ad  pugnam  venere.     Prior  Sarmentus  :  "  Equi  te 
FiSse  feri  similem  dico."     Ridemus:  et  ipse 
]yic.ssius,  **Accipio";  caput  et  movet.     "O  tua  cornu 
Ni  foret  exsecto  frons,"  in^init,  "quid  faceres,  quuQf? 
Sic  mutilus  minitaris  ? "     At  illi  foeda  cicatrix  60 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.  5.  >  103 

Setosam  'isvi  frontem  turpaverat  oris. 

Campanum  in  niorbum,  in  faciem  permulta  jocatus, 

Pastorem  saltaret  uti  Cyclopa  rogabat  T 

Nil  illi  larva  aut  tragicis  opus  esse  cothurnis. 

Multa  Cicirrus  ad  haec  :  donasset  jamne  catenam  65 

Ex  voto  Laribus,  quferebat :  scriba  quod  esset, 

Deterius  nihilo  domina3  jus  esse.     Rogabat 

Denique  cur  unquam  fugisset,  cui  satis  una 

Farris  libra  foret,  gracili  sic  tamque  pusillo. 

Prorsus  jucunde  coenam  produximus  iilam.  70 

Tendimus  hinc  recta  Beneventum,  ubi  sedulus  hospes 
Pene  arsit,  macros  dum  turdos  versat  in  igne  : 
Nam  vaga  per  veterem  dilapso  flamma  culinam 
Vulcano  summum  properabat  lambere  tectum. 
Convivas  avidos  coenam  servosque  timentes  75 

Tum  rapere,  atque  omnes  restinguere  velle  videres. 

Incipit  ex  illo  montes  ApuHa  notos 
Ostentare  mihi,  quos  torret  Atabulus,  et  quos 
Nunquam  erepsemus,  nisi  nos  vicina  Trivici 
Villa  recepisset,  lacrymoso  non  sine  fumo,  80 

Udos  cum  foliis  ramos  urente  camino. 

Q-uatuor  hinc  rapimur  viginti  et  millia  rhedis, 
Mansuri  oppidulo  quod  versu  dicere  non  est, 
Signis  perfacile  est :  venit  vilissima  rerum 
Hic  aqua ;  sed  panis  longe  pulcherrimus,  ultra  85 

Callidus  ut  soleat  humeris  portare  viator  : 
Nam  Canusi  lapidosus,  aquce  non  ditior  urna ; 
Q,ui  locus  a  forti  Diomede  est  conditus  olim. 
Flentibus  hic  Varius  discedit  moestus  amicis. 

Inde  Rubos  fessi  pervenimus,  utpote  longum  90 

Carpentes  iter,  et  factum  corruptius  imbri. 
Postera  tempestas  melior  ;  via  pejor  ad  usque 
Bari  mcenia  piscosi.     Dehinc  Gnatia,  lymphis 
Iratis  exstructa,  dedit  risusque  jocosque  ; 
Dum,  flamma  sine,  thura  liquescere  limine  sacro  95 

Persuadere  cupit :  credat  Judseus  Apella, 
Non  ego ;  namque  deos  didici  securum  agere  jevum  ; 
Nec   si  quid  miri  faciat  natura,  deos  id 
Tristes  ex  alto  coeli  demittere  tecto. 
Brundusium  lougae  finis  chartceque  viaeque.  100 


104  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

SATIRA  VI. 

AD    MiECENATEM. 

NoN,  quia,  Maecenas,  Lydorum  quidquid  Etruscos 

Incoluit  fines,  nenio  generosior  est  te ; 

Nec  quod  avus  tibi  maternus  fuit  atquo  paternus 

Olim  qui  magnis  Jegionibus  imperitarent ; 

Ut  plerique  solent,  naso  suspendis  adunco  5 

Ignotos,  ut  me  libertino  patre  natum  : 

Ciuum  referre  negas,  quali  sit  quisque  parente 

Natus,  dum  ingenuus.     Persuades  hoc  tibi  vere, 

Ante  potestatem  Tulli  atque  ignobile  regnum, 

Multos  ssepe  viros  nullis  majoribus  ortos  10 

Et  vixisse  probos,  amplis  et  honoribus  auctos : 

Contra,  Laevinum,  Valeri  genus,  unde  Superbus 

Tarquinius  regno  pulsus  fuit,  unius  assis 

Non  unquam  pretio  pluris  licuisse,  notante 

Judice,  quem  nosti,  populo,  qui  stultus  honores  15 

Saepe  dat  indignis  et  famaB  servit  ineptus ; 

Q,ui  stupet  in  titulis  et  imaginibus.     Q,uid   oportet 

Nos  facere,  a  vulgo  longe  lateque  remotos? 

Namque  esto,  popuius  Loevino  mallet  honorem 

Q,uam  Decio  mandare  novo  ;  censorque  moveret  20 

Appius,  ingenuo  si  non  essem  patre  natus : 

Vel  merito,  quoniam  in  propria  non  pelle  quicssem. 

Sed  fulgente  trahit  constrictos  Gloria  curru 

Non  minus  ignotos  generosis.     Q,u6  tibi,  Tulli, 

Sumere  depositum  clavum,  fierique  tribuno?  25 

Invidia  accrevit,  privato  qua)  minor  esset ; 

Nam,  ut  quisque  insanus  nigris  medium  impediit  crus 

Pellibus,  et  latum  demisit  pectore  clavum, 

Audit  continuo,  "  Quis  homo  hic?"  et,  "  Quo  patre  natus?" 

Ut,  si  qui  aegrotet  quo  morbo  Barrus,  haberi  30 

Ut  cupiat  formosus,  eat  quacunque,  puellis 

Injiciat  curam  quserendi  singula,  quali 

Sit  facie,  sura  quali,  pedc,  dente,  capillo  : 

Sic  qui  promittit,  cives,  Urbem  sibi  curae, 

Imperium  fore,  et  Italiam,  et  delubra  deorum  ;  35 

Quo  patre  sit  natus,  num  ignota  matre  inhonestus, 

Omnes  mortales  curare  et  qucerere  cogit. — 

Tune  Syri,  Damaj,  aut  Diouysi  filius,  audes 

Dejiccre  e  saxo  cives,  aut  tradere  Cadmo  ? — 

At  Novius  collega  gradu  post  nie  sedet  uno :  40 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.  6.  X05 

I 

Namque  est  ille,  pater  quod  erat  meus. — Hoc  tibi  Paulus 
Et  Messala  videris?     At  hic,  si  plaustra  ducenta, 
Concurrantque  foro  tria  funera,  magna  sonabit, 
Cornua  quod  vincatque  tubas  :  saltem  tenet  hoc  nos. 

Nunc  ad  me  redeo,  libertino  patre  natum  :  45 

duem  rodunt  oinnes  libertino  patre  natum  ; 
Nunc,  quia,  Maecenas,  tibi  sum  convictor  ;  at  olim, 
Q,u6d  mihi  pareret  legio  Romana  tiibuno. 
Dissimile  hoc  illi  est :  quia  non,  ut  forsit  honorem 
Jure  mihi  invideat  quivis,  ita  te  quoque  amicum ;  50 

Prsesertim  cautum  dignos  assumere,  prava 
Ambitione  procul.     Felicem  dicere  non  hoc 
Me  possum,  casu  quod  te  sortitus  amicum  ; 
Nulla  etenim  tibi  me  fors  obtulit :  optimus  olim 
Virgilius,  post  hunc  Varius,  dixere  quid  essem.  55 

Ut  veni  coram,  singultim  pauca  locutus, 
Infans  namque  pudor  prohibebat  plura  profari, 
Non  ego  me  claro  natum  patre,  non  ego  circum 
Me  Satureiano  vectari  rura  caballo, 

Sed,  quod  eram,  narro.     Respondes,  ut  tuus  est  mos,      60 
Pauca  :  abeo  ;  et  revocas  nono  post  mense,  jubesque 
Esse  in  amicorum  numero.     Magnum  hoc  ego  duco, 
Q,uod  placui  tibi,  qui  turpi  secernis  honestum, 
Non  patre  prseclaro,  sed  vita  et  pectore  puro. 

Atqui,  si  vitiis  mediocribus  ac  mea  paucis  65 

Mendosa  est  natura,  alioqui  recta,  velut  si 
Egregio  inspersos  reprendas  corpore  naevos; 
Si  neque  avaritiam,  neque  sordes,  nec  mala  lustra, 
Objiciet  vere  quisquam  mihi ;  purus  et  insons 
(Ut  me  collaudem)  si  vivo,  et  carus  amicis:  70 

Causa  fuit  pater  his,  qui  macro  pauper  agello 
Noluit  in  Flavi  ludum  me  mittere,  magni 
Q,u6  pueri  magnis  e  centurionibus  orti, 
Laevo  suspensi  loculos  tabulamque  lacerto, 
Ibant  octonis  referentes  idibus  aera.        "  75 

Sed  puerum  est  ausus  Romam  portare,  docendum 
Artes  quas  doceat  quivis  eques  atque  senator 
Semet  prognatos  :  vestem  servosque  sequentes 
In  magno  ut  populo  si  quis  vidisset,  avita 
Ex  re  pra^beri  sumptus  mihi  crederet  illos.  80 

Ipse  mihi  custos  incorruptissimus  omnes 
Circum  doctores  aderat.    Q,uid  multa?  pudicum, 
Qui  primus  virtutis  honos,  servavit  ab  omni 
Non  soliim  facto,  verum  opprobrio  quoque  turpi: 


106  Q    HORATII  FLACCl 

Nec  timuit,  sibi  ne  vitio  quis  verteret,  olim  85 

Si  praeco  parvas,  aut,  ut  fuit  ipse,  coactor, 

Mercedes  sequerer  ;  neque  ego  essem  questus.  Ab  hoc  nunc 

Laus  ilJi  cLebetur  et  a  me  gratia  major, 

Nil  me  poeniteat  sanum  patris  hujus:  eoque 

Non,  ut  magna  dolo  factum  negat  esse  suo  pars  90 

Q,u6d  non  ingenuos  liabeat  clarosque  parentes, 

Sic  me  defendam.     Longe  mea  discrepat  istis 

Et  vox  et  ratio.    Nam  si  natura  jubcret 

A  certis  annis  asvum  remearc  peractum, 

Atque  ahos  legere  ad  fastum  quoscunque  parentes  95 

Optaret  sibi  quisque ;  meis  contentus,  honestos 

Fascibus  et  selhs  nohm  mihi  sumere  ;  demens 

Judicio  vulgi ;  sanus  fortasse  tuo,  quod 

Noilem  onus,  liaud  unquam  sohtus,  portare  mblestum. 

Nam  mihi  continuo  major  qua^rcnda  foret  res,  100 

Atque  salutandi  plures;  ducendus  et  unus 

Et  comes  alter,  uti  ne  solus  rusve  peregreve 

Exirem  ;  phires  calones  atque  cabaHi 

Pascendi ;  ducenda  petorrita.    Nunc  mihi  curto 

Ire  hcet  mulo,'vel,  si  libet,  usque  Tarentum,  105 

Mantica  cui  lumbos  onere  ulceret,  atque  eques  armos. 

Objiciet  nemo  sordes  mihi,  quas  tibi,  Tuhi, 

Q,uum  Tiburte  via  prjetorem  quinque  sequuntur 

Te  pueri,  lasanum  portantes  oenophorumque. 

Hoc  ego  commodius,  quam  tu,  pra?clare  senator,  110 

Millibus  atque  aliis  vivo :  quacunque  libido  est, 

Incedo  solus;  percontor  quanti  olus  ac  far; 

Fallacem  circum  vespertinumque  pererro 

Saepe  forum  ;  assisto  divinis ;  inde  domum  me 

Ad  porri  et  ciceris  refero  laganique  catinum  :  115 

Coena  ministratur  pucris  tribus ;  et  lapis  albus 

Pocula  cum  cyatho  duo  sustinet ;  adstat  echino 

Vilis  cum  patera  guttus,  Campana  supehex. 

Deinde  eo  dormitum,  non  sollicitus  mihi  quod  cras 

Surgendum  sit  mane,  obeundus  Marsya,  qui  se  120 

Vultum  ferre  negat  Noviorum  posse  minoris. 

Ad  quartam  jaceo ;  post  hanc  vagor ;  aut  ego,  lecto 

Aut  scripto  quod  me  tacitum  juvet,  ungor  olivo, 

Non  quo  fraudatis  immundus  Natta  lucernis. 

Ast,  ubi  me  fessum  sol  acrior  ire  lavatum  125 

Admonuit,  fugio  rabiosi  tempora  signi. 

Pransus  non  avide,  quantum  interpellet  inani 

Ventre  diem  durare,  domesticus  otior.    Hajc  est 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.  7.  107 

Vita  solutorum  misera  ambitione  gravique  : 

His  me  consolor,  victurus  suavius  ac  si  130 

duaestor  avus  pater  atque  meus  patruusque  fuissent. 


SATIRA  VII. 


Proscripti  Regis  Rupili  pus  atque  venenum 
Ibrida  quo  pacto  sit  Persius  ultus,  opinor 
Omnibus  et  lippis  notum  et  tonsoribus  esse. 
Persius  hic  permagna  negotia  dives  habebat 
Clazomenis,  etiam  lites  cum  Rege  molestas ;  5 

Durus  homo,  atque  odio  qui  posset  vincere  Regem ; 
Confidens,  tumidusque  ;  adeo  sermonis  amari, 
Sisennas,  Barros  ut  equis  praecu~reret  albis. 

Ad  Regem  redeo.    Postquam  nihil  inter  utrumque 
Convenit  (hoc  etenim  sunt  omnes  jure  molesti,  10 

Quo  fortes,  quibus  adversum  bellum  incidit :  inter 
Hectora  Priamiden  animosum  atque  inter  Achillem 
Ira  fuit  capitalis,  ut  ultima  divideret  mors ; 
Non  aliam  ob  causam,  nisi  quod  virtus  in  utroque 
Summa  fuit.    Duo  si  discordia  vexet  inertes,  15 

Aut  si  disparibus  behum  incidat,  ut  Diomedi 
Cum  Lycio  Glauco  ;  discedet  pigrior,  ultro 
Muneribus  missis)  Bruto  praetore  tenente 
Ditem  Asiam,  Rupili  et  Persi  par  pugnat,  uti  non 
Compositus  melius  cum  Bitho  Bacchius ;  in  jus  20 

Acres  procurrunt,  magnum  spectaculum  uterque. 

Persius  exponit  causam,  ridetur  ab  omni 
Conventu  ;  laudat  Brutum,  laudatque  cohortem ; 
Solem  Asiae  Brutum  appellat ;   stellasque  salubres 
Appellat  comites,  excepto  Rege  ;  Canem  illum,  25 

Invisum  agricolis  sidus,  venisse  :  ruebat, 
Flumen  ut  hibernum  fertur  quo  rara  securis. 

Tum  Praenestinus  salso  muUumque  fluenti 
Expressa  arbusto  regerit  convicia ;  durus 
Vindemiator  et  invictus,  cui  saepe  viator  30 

Cessisset,  magna  compellans  voce  cuculum. 

At  Graecus,  postquam  est  Italo  perfusus  aceto, 
Persius  exclamat .  "  Per  magnos,  Brute,  deos  te 
Oro,  qui  reges  consueris  toUere,  cur  non 
Hunc  Regem  jugulas?    operum  hoc,  mihi  crede,  tuorum 

est."  35 


108  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 


SATIRA  VIII. 

Olim  truncus  eram  ficu]nus,  inutile  lignum, 

Quum  faber,  incertus  scamnum  faceretne  Priapum, 

Maluit  esse  deum.    Deus  inde  ego,  furum  aviumque 

Maxima  formido  :  nam  fures  dextra  cocrcet, 

Ast  importunas  volucres  in  vertice  arundo  6 

Terret  fixa,  vetatque  novis  considere  in  hortis. 

Huc  priijs  angustis  ejecta  cadavera  cellis 

Conservus  vili  portanda  locabat  in  arca. 

Hoc  miserse  plebi  stabat  commune  sepulcrum, 

Pantolabo  scurrae,  Nomentanoque  nepoti.  10 

Mille  pedes  in  fronte,  trecentos  cippus  in  agrum 

Hic  dabat ;  haeredes  monumentum  ne  sequeretur. 

Nunc  licet  Esquiliis  habitare  salubribus,  atque 

Aggere  in  aprico  spatiari,  quo  modo  tristes 

Albis  informem  spectabant  ossibus  agrum.  15 

Quum  mihi  non  tantum  furesque,  feraeque  suetae 

Hunc  vexare  locum,  curae  sunt  atque  labori, 

Quantum  carminibus  quee  versant  atque  venenis 

Humanos  animos  :  has  nullo  perdere  possum 

Nec  prohibere  modo,  simul  ac  vaga  luna  decorum  20 

Protulit  os,  quin  ossa  legant,  herbasque  nocentes. 

Vidi  egomet  nigra  succinctam  vadere  palla 
Canidiara,  pedibus  nudis  passoque  capillo, 
Cum  Sagana  majore  ululantem  ;  pallor  utrasque 
Fecerat  horrendas  aspectu.     Scalpere  terram  25 

Unguibus,  et  pullam  divellere  mordicus  agnam 
Coeperunt :  cruor  in  fossam  confusus,  ut  inde 
Manes  elicerent,  animas  responsa  daturas. 
Lanea  et  effigies  erat,  altera  cerea  ;  major 
Lanea,  quae  paenis  compcsceret  inferiorem.  30 

Cerea  suppliciter  stabat,  servilibus,  utque 
Jam  peritura,  modis.    Hecaten  vocat  altera  saevam, 
Altera  Tisiphonen  :  serpentes  atque  videres 
Infernas  errare  canes  ;  lunamque  rubentem, 
Ne  foret  his  testis,  post  magna  latere  sepulcra.  35 

Mentior  at  si  quid,  merdis  caput  inquiner  albis 
Corvorum ;  atque  in  me  veniant  mictum  atque  cacatum 
Julius  et  fragilis  Pediatia  furque  Voranus. 
Singula  quid  memorem  ?  quo  pacto  alterna  loquentes 
Umbrae  cum'  Sagana  resonarint  triste  et  acutum  ;  40 

Utque  lupi  barbam  varise  cum  dente  colubrae 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.  9.  109 

Abdiderint  furtim  terris  ;  et  imagine  cerea 

Largior  arserit  ignis  ;  et  ut  non  testis  inultus 

Horruerim  voces  Furiarum  et  facta  duarum? 

Nam,  displosa  sonat  quantiim  vesica,  pepedi  45 

Diffissa  nate  ficus ;  at  illae  currere  in  urbem  : 

Canidiae  dentes,  altum  Sao-ansB  caliendrum 

Excidere,  atque  herbas,  atque  incantata  lacertis 

Vincula,  cum  magno  risuque  jocoque  videres. 


SATIRA  IX. 


I   Ibam  forte  via  Sacra,  sicut  meus  est  mos, 
**^escio  quid  meditans  nugarum,  totus  in  illis: 
Accurrit  quidam  notus  mihi  nomine  tantunj ; 
Arreptaque  manu  :  "  Quid  agis,  duicissime,  reruml" 
"  Suaviter,  ut  nunc  est,"  inquam ;  "  et  cupio  omnia  qiiae 
vis."  5 

duum  assectaretur,  "  Num  quid  vis  ?"  occupo.     At  ille, 
"  Noris  nos,"  inquit;  "  docti  sumus."    Hic  ego,  **  Pluris 
Hoc,"  inquam,  "  mihi  eris."    Misere  discedere  quaerens, 
Ire  modo  ocius,  interdum  consistere,  in  aurem 
Dicere  nescio  quid  puero.    Quum  sudor  ad  imos  10 

Manaret  talos  :  "  O  te,  Bolane,  cerebri 
Felicem!"  aiebam  tacitus.    Cluum  quidlibet  ille 
Garriret,  vicos,  ufbem  laudaret;  ut  illi 
Nil  respondebam  :  I "  xMisere  cupis,"  inquit,  "  abire^ 
Jamdudum  video  :' sed  nil  agis;  usque  tenebo,  15 

Persequar.    Hinc  quo  nunc  iter  est  tibi?"  "  Nil  opus  est  te 
Circumagi :  quendam  volo  visere,  non  tibi  notum  : 
Trans  Tiberim  longe  cubat  is,  prope  Caesaris  hortos." 
"  Nil  habeo  quod  agam,  et  non  sum  piger ;  usque  sequai 

te." 
Demitto  auriculas,  ut  iniquae  mentis  asellus,  20 

Quum  gravius  dorso  subiit  onus.    Incipit  ille : 
"  Si  bene  me  novi,  non  Viscum  pluris  amicum, 
Non  Varium,  facies :  nam  quis  me  scribere  plures 
Aut  citius  possit  versus  ?  quis  membra  movere 
Molliiis  ?  invideat  quod  et  Hermogenes,  ego  canto.'*         25 

Interpellandi  locus  hic  erat :  ''  Est  tibi  mater, 
Cognati,  queis  te  salvo  est  opus?"    Haud  mihi  quisquan>; 
Omnes  composui."  '*  Felices  !  nunc  ego  resto  : 
Confice  ;  namque  instat  fatura  mihi  triste,  Sabella 
10 


110  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Qiiiod  puero  cecinit,  divina  mota  aniis  urna :  30 

'  Hunc  neque  dira  venena,  nec  hosticus  auferet  ensis, 
Nec  laterum  dolor,  aut  tussis,  nec  tarda  podagra; 
Garrulus  hunc  quando  consumet  cunque :  loquaces, 
Si  sapiat,  vitet,  simul  atque  adoleverit  aetas.'  " 

Ventum  erat  ad  Vesta?,  quarta  jam  parte  diei  35 

Praiterita  ;  et  casu,  tunc  respondere  vadato 
Debebat :  quod  ni  fecisset,  perdere  litem. 
"  Si  me  amas,"  inquit,  "  paulum  hic  ades."     "  Inteream,  si 
Aut  valeo  stare,  aut  novi  civilia  jura ! 

Et  propero  quo  scis."   "  Dubius  sum  quid  faciam,"  inquit ;  40 
"  Tene  relinquam,  an  rem."    "  Me,  sodes."    "  Non  faciam," 

ille; 
Et  praEcedere  coepit.     Ego,  ut  contendere  durum  est 
Cum  victore,  sequor.     "  Moecenas  quomodo  tecum?" 
Hinc  repetit.  "  Paucorum  hominum,  et  mentis  bene  sanae : 
Nemo  dexterius  fortuna  est  usus."     *'  Haberes  45 

Magnum  adjutorem,  posset  qui  ferre  secundas, 
Hunc  hominem  velles  si  tradere  ;  dispeream,  ni 
Summosses  omnes."     "  Non  isto  vivimus  illic, 
Quo  tu  rere,  modo :  domus  hac  nec  purior  ulla  est, 
Nec  magis  his  aliena  malis  :  nil  mi  officit  unquam,  50 

Ditior  hic,  aut  est  quia  doctior  :  est  locus  uni- 
cuique  suus."    "  Magnum  narras,  vix  credibile."    "  Atqui 
Sic  habet."   "  Accendis  quare  cupiam  magis  illi 
Proximus  esse."    "  Velis  tantummodo ;  quae  tua  virtus, 
Expugnabis  :  et  est  qui  vmci  possit ;  eoque  55 

Difficiles  aditus  primos  habet."     "  Haud  mihi  deero : 
Muneribus  servos  corrumpam  ;  non,  hodie  si 
Exclusus  fuero,  desistam  ;     tempora  quaGram  : 
Occurram  in  triviis ;  deducam.     Nil  sine  magno 
Vita  labore  dedit  mortalibus."     Haec  dum  agit,  ecce         60 
Fuscus  Aristius  occurrit,  mihi  carus,  et  illum 
Q,ui  pulchre  nosset.    Consistimus.    "  Unde  venis?"  et 
"  Q,u6  tendis  ?"  rogat ;  et  respondet.    Vellere  coepi, 
Et  prensare  manu  lentissima  brachiai,  nutans, 
Distorquens  oculos,  ut  me  eriperet :  male  salsus  65 

Ridens  dissimulare  :  meum  jecur  urere  bilis. 
"  Certe  nescio  quid  secreto  velle  loqui  te 
Aiebas  mecum."     "  Memini  bene;  sed  meliori 
Tempore  dicam  :  hodie  tricesima  sabbata ;  vin'  tu 
Curtis  Judaeis  oppedere  ?"     "  Nulla  mihi,"   inquam,         70 
"  Relligio  est."    "  At  mi :  sum  paulo  infirmior,  unus 
Multorum  :  ignosces ;  alias  loquar."    "  Hunccine  solem 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.  10.  Hl 

Tam  ni^rum  surrexe  mihi !  fugit  improbus,  ac  me 

Suh  cultro  l-nquit."     Casu  venit  obvius  illi 

Adversarius  :  et,  ''  Quo  tu,  turpissime  V  magna.  75 

Exclamat  voce  ;  et,  *'  Licet  antestari  ?"  Ego  vero 

Oppono  auriculam  :  rapit  in  jus  :  ciamor  utrinque  , 

Undique  concursus.    Sic  me  servavit  Apollo. 


SATIRA  X. 


Nempe  incomposito  dixi  pede  currere  versus 

Lucili.    Q,uis  tam  Lucili  fautor  inepte  est, 

Ut  non  hoc  fateatur?     At  idem,  quod  sale  multo 

Urbem  defricuit,  charta  laudatur  eadem. 

Nec  tamen  hoc  tribuens  dederim  quoque  cajtera  :  nam  sic  6 

Et  Laberi  mimos,  ut  pulchra  poemala,  mirer. 

Ergo  non  satis  est  risu  diducere  rictum 

Auditoris  :  et  est  quasdam  tamen  hic  quoque  virtus. 

Est  brevitate  opus,  ut  currat  sententia,  neu  se 

Impediat  verbis  lassas  onerantibus  aures.  ,       10 

Et  sermone  opus  est  modo  tristi,  ssepe  jocoso, 

Defendente  viccm  modo  rhetoris  atque  poetae, 

Interdum  urbani,  parcentis  viribus,  atque 

Extenuantis  eas  consulto.    Ridiculum  acri 

Fortiiis  et  mehijs  magnas  plerumque  secat  res.  15 

Uli,  scripta  quibus  comcedia  prisca  viris  est, 

Iloc  stabant,  hoc  sunt  imitandi ;  quos  neque  pulcher 

Hermogenes  unquam  legit,  neque  simius  iste, 

Nil  prseter  Calvum  et  doctus  cantare  Catullum. — 

At  magnum  fecit,  quod  verbis  Graeca  Latinis  20 

Miscuit. — O  seri  studiorum  !  quine  putetis 

DifFicile  et  mirum,  Rhodio  quod  Pitholeonti 

Contigit? — At  sermo  lingua  concinnus  utraque 

Suavior,  ut  Chio  nota  si  commixta  Falerni  est. 

duum  versus  facias,  te  ipsum  percontor,  an  et  quum         25 

Dura  tibi  peragenda  rei  sit  causa  Petilli, 

Scilicet  oblitus  patriaeque  patrisque  Latini, 

Quum  Pedius  causas  exsudet  Poplicola,  atque 

Corvinus,  patriis  intermiscere  petita 

Verba  foris  maiis,  Canusini  more  bilinguis?  30 

Atqui  ego  quum  Grsecos  facerem,  natus  mare  citra, 

Versiculos,  vetuit  me  tali  voce  Quirinus, 

Post  mediam  noctem  visus,  quum  sorania  vera : 


112  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

'In  silvam  non  ligna  feras  insanius,  ac  si 
Magnas  Grsecorum  malis  implere  catervas/  35 

Turgidus  Alpinus  jugulat  dum  Memnona,  dumque 
Diffingit  Rheni  luteum  caput,  haec  ego  ludo, 
QuaB  nec  in  ^Ede  sonent  certantia,  judice  Tarpd, 
Nec  redeant  iterum  atque  iterum  spectanda  theatris. 
Arguta  meretrice  potes,  Davoque  Chremeta  40 

Eludente  senem,  comis  garrire  libellos, 
Unus  vivorum,  Fundani :  PoUio  regum  ^ 

Facta  canit,  pede  ter  percusso:  forte  epos  acer, 
•Ut  nemo,  Varius  ducit :  molle  atque  facetum 
Virgilio  annuerunt  gaudentes  rure  Camoenae.  45 

IIoc  erat,  experto  frustra  Varrone  Atacino 
Atque  quibusdam  aliis,  meliiis  quod  scribere  possem, 
Inventore  minor  :  neque  ego  illi  detrahere  ausim 
lloerentem  capiti  multa  cum  laude  coronam. 

At  dixi  fluere  hunc  lutulentum,  saepe  ferentem  50 

Plura  quidem  tollenda  relinquendis  :  age,  quoeso, 
Tu  nihil  in  magno  doctus  reprendis  Homero? 
Nil  comis  tragici  mutat  Lucilius  Acci? 
Non  ridet  versus  Enni  gravitate  minores, 
Quum  de  se  loquitur,  non  ut  majore  reprensis?  55 

Ouid  vetat  et  nosmet,  Lucili  scripta  legentes, 
Ouaerere  num  illius,  num  rerum,  dura  neg^rit 
Versiculos  natura  magis  factos,  et  euntes 
Mollius,  ac  si  quis,pedibus  quid  claudere  senis, 
Hoc  tantijm   contentus,  amet  scripsisse  ducentos  60 

Ante  cibum  versus,  totidem  ccenatus;  Hetrusci 
Quale  fuit  Cassi  rapido  ferventius  amni 
Ingenium,  capsis  quem  fama  est  esse  librisque 
Ambustum  propriis?    Fuerit  Lucilius,  inquam, 
Comis  et  urbanus  ;   fuerit  limatior  idem,  65 

Q,uam  rudis  et  Graecis  intacti  carminis  auctor, 
Quamque  poetarum  seniorum  turba :  sed  ille, 
Si  foret  hoc  nostrum  fato  dilatus  in  cevum, 
Detereret  sibi  multa ;  recideret  omne  quod  ultra 
Perfectum  trahcretur  ;  et  in  versu  facicndo  70 

Scnpe  caput  scaberet,  vivos  et  roderet  ungues. 

Saepe  stylum  vertas,  iterum,  qu.-E  digna  legi  sint, 
Scripturus,  neque,  te  ut  miretur  turba,  labores, 
Contentus  paucis  lectoribus.     An  tua  demens 
Vilibus  in  ludis  dictari  carmina  malis?  75 

Non  ego  :  nam  satis  est  Equitem  mihi  ])laudere,  ut  audax, 
Contemptis  aliis,  explosa  Arbuscula  dixit. 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  I.  10.  113 

Men'  moveat  cimex  Pantilius  ?  aut  crucier,  quod 
Vellicet  absentem  Demetrius,  aut,  quod  ineptus   ♦ 
Fannius  Hermogenis  laidat  conviva  Tigelli?  80 

PiOtius  €t  Varius,  Maecenas  Virgiliusque, 
Vaigius,  et  probet  tiaec  Octavius  optimus,  atque 
Fuscus  ;  et  haec  utinam  Viscorum  laudet  uterque ; 
Ambitione  relegata,  te  dicere  possum, 
Pollio,  te,  Messala,  tuo  cum  fratre  ;  simulque  85 

Vos,  Bibule  et  servi ;  simul  iiis  te,  candide  Furni: 
Complures  alios,  doctos  ego  quos  et  amicos 
Prudens  praetereo,  quibus  liaBC,  sint  qualiacunque, 
Arridere  velim;  doliturus,  si  placeant  spe 
Deterius  nostra.    Demetri,  teque,  Tigelli,         '  90 

Discipularum  mtcr  jubeo  plorare  cathedras. 
I,  puer,  atque  meo  citus  hajc  subscribe  libello. 
10* 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCI 
ATIRARUM 

LIBER    SECUNDUS. 


SATIRA  I. 


HORATIUS. 


SuNT  quibus  in  Satira  videor  nimis  acer,  et  ultra 
Legem  tendere  opus;  sine  nervis  altera,  quidquid 
Composui,  pars  esse  putat,  similesque  meorum 
IVlille  die  versus  deduci  posse.    Trebati, 
Quid  faciam  praescribe. 

TREBATIUS. 

Quiescas. 

HORATIUS. 

Ne  faciam,  inquis,        6 
Omnino  versus  t 

TREBATIUS. 

Aio. 

HORATIUS. 

Peream  male,  si  non 
Optimum  erat :  veriim  nequeo  dormire. 

TREBATIUS. 

Ter  uncti 
Transnanto  Tiberim,  somno  quibus  est  opus  alto, 
Irriguumque  niero  sub  noctem  corpus  habento. 
Aut,  si  tantus  amor  scribendi  te  rapit,  aude  10 

Caisaris  invicti  res  dicere,  multa  laborum 
Prxmia  laturus. 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  1.  116 


HORATIUS. 


Cupidum,  pater  optime,  vires 
Deficiunt :  neque  eniiu  quivis  lio  rentia  pilis" 
Agmina,  nec  fiacta  pereuntes  cuspide  Gallos, 
Aut  labentis  equo  describat  vulnera  Parthi.  15 


TRKBATIUS. 


Attamen  et  justum  poteras  et  scribere  fortem, 
Scipiadam  ut  sapiens  Luciiius. 


HORATIUS. 


Haud  mihi  dccro, 
Q,uum  res  ipsa  feret.    Nisi  dextro  terapore,  Flacci 
Verba  per  attentam  non  ibunt  Cajsaris  aurem: 
Cui  maie  si  palpere,  recalcitrat  undique  tutus.  20 


TREBATIUS. 


Quanto  rectiijs  hoc,  quam  tristi  tedere  versii 
Pantolabum  scurram  Nomentanumque  nepotem  ! 
Quum  sibi  quisque  timet,  quanquam  est  intactus,  et  odit. 


HORATIUS. 


Qiuid  faciam  ?    Saltat  Milonius,  ut  semel  icto 

Accessit  fervor  capiti  numerusque  lucernis:  25 

Castor  gaudet  equis ;  ovo  prognatus  eodem, 

Pugnis :  quot  capitum  vivunt,  totidem  studiorum 

Millia.    Ale  pedibus  delectat  claudere  verba, 

Lucili  ritu,  nostrum  melioris  utroque. 

Ille  velut  fidis  arcana  sodalibus  olim  30 

Credebat  libris ;  ne^iue,  si  male  cesserat,  usqi.am 

Decurrens  alio,  neque  si  bene  :  quo  fit  uj;  omnis 

Votiva  paieat  veluti  descripta  tabeila 

Vita  senis.     Sequor  hunc,  Lucanus  an  Appulus,  anceps: 

Nam  Venusinus  arat  finern  sub  utrumque  colonus,  35 

Missus  ad  hoc,  pulsis,  vetus  est  ut  fama,  Sabellis, 

Q,uo  ne  per  vacuum  Romano  incurreret  hostis ; 

Sive  quod  Appula  gens,  seu  quod  Lucania  bcllum 

Incuteret  violenta.     SeJ  hic  stylus  haud  petet  ultro 

Quenquam  animantem  ;  et  me  veluti  custodiet  easis         40 

Vagina  tectus  ;  quem  cur  distringere  coner, 

Tutus  ab  infestis  latronibus?    O  pater  et  rex 

Jupiter,  ut  pereat  positum  rubigine  telum, 

Nec  quisquam  uoceat  cupido  mihi  pacis !    At  ille, 


116  -      Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Qui  me  commorit,  "  Melius  non  tangere!"  clamo,  45 

Flebit,  et  insignis  tota  cantabitur  urbe. 

Servius  iratus  leges  minitatur  et  urnam  : 

Canidia  Albuti,  quibus  est  inimica,  venenum : 

Grande  nialum  Turius,  si  quis  se  judice  certet. 

Ut,  quo  quisque  valet,  suspectos  terreat,  uKiue  '        50 

Imperet  lioc  natura  potens,  sic  collige  rnccum  : 

Dente  lupus,  cornu  taurus  petit ;  unde,  nisi  intus 

Monstratum  1    Scaevae  vivacem  crede  nepoti 

Matrem  :  nil  faciet  sceleris  pia  dextera  :  mirum  ! 

Ut  neque  calce  lupus  quenquam,  neque  dente  petit  bos :  55 

Sed  mala  tollet  anum  vitiato  melle  cicuta. 

Ne  longum  faciam  ;  seu  me  tranquilla  senectus 

Exspectat,  seu  mors  atris  circumvolat  alis  ; 

Divcs,  inops;  RomaB,  seu  fors  ita  jusserit,  exsul; 

Quisquis  erit  vitae,  scribam,  color. 

TREBATIUS. 

O  puer,  ut  sis  60 

Vi.iilis  metno,  et  majorum  ne  quis  aniicus 
Frigore  te  feriat. 

HORATIUS. 

Quid  ?  quum  est  Lucilius  ausus 
Primus  in  hunc  operis  componere  carmina  morem, 
Detrahere  et  pellem,  nitidus  qua  quisque  j)*;r  ora 
Cederet,  introrsum  turpis  ;  num  La^lius,  et  qui  65 

Duxit  ab  oppressa  meritum  Carthagine  nomen, 
Ingenio  offensi,  aut  laeso  doluere  Meiello, 
Famosisiiue  Lu])o  cooperto  versibus?    At<|ui 
Primores  populi  arripuit  populumque  tribulim, 
Scilicet  uni  a;quus  virtuti  atque  ejus  amicis.  70 

Q.uin,  ubi  se  a  vulgo  et  scena  in  secreta  remorant 
Virtus  ScipiadfB  et  mitis  sapientia  Laili, 
Nugari  cum  illo,  et  discincti  ludero,  donec 
Deco<|ueretur  olus,  soliti.    Quidquid  sur.i  ego,  quamvis 
Infra  Lucili  censum  ingeniumcjue,  tameri  mc  75 

Cum  magnis  vixisse  invita  fatebitur  usjjue 
Invidia,  et,  fragili  quferens  illidere  dentern,^ 
Ofiendet  solido  :  nisi  quid  tu,  docte  Trebati, 
Disscutis. 

TREBATIUS. 

Equidem  nihil  hic  difTmdorc  possum. 
Scd  Umcn,  ul  mouiius  caveas,  ne  forie  iiegoii  80 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  11.  2.  117 

Incutiat  tibi  quid  sanctarum  inscitia  legum, 

Si  mala  conJiderit  in  quem  quis  carmina,  jus  est 

Judiciumque. 

HORATIUS. 

Esto,  si  quis  mala ;  sed  bona  si  quis 
Judice  condiderit  laudatas  CaBsare,  si  quis 
Opprobriis  dignum  latraverit,  integer  ipse  ?  85 

TREBATIUS. 

Solventur  risu  tabulae  ;  tu  missus  abibis. 


SATIRA  II. 


Ctv/E  virtus  et  quanta,  boni,  sit  vivere  parvo, 

Nec  meus  hic  sermo  est,  sed  quae  praecepit  Ofellus 

Rusticus,  abnormis  sapiens  crassaque  Minerva, 

Discite,  non  inter  lances  raensasque  nitentes, 

Q,uum  stupet  insanis  acies  fulgoribus,  et  quum  5 

Acclinis  falsis  animus  meliora  recusat ; 

Verum  hic  impransi  mecum  disquirite. — Cur  hoc? — 

Dicam,  si  potero.    Male  verum  examinat  omnis 

Corruptus  judex.    Leporem  sectatus,  equove 

Lassus  ab  indomito,  vel,si  Romana  fatigat  10 

Militia  assuetum  graecari,  seu  pila  velox, 

Molliter  austerum  studio  fallente  laborem, 

Seu  te  discus  agit ;  pete  cedentem  aera  disco : 

duum  labor  extuderit  fastidia,  siccus,  inanis, 

Sperne  cibuni  vilem  ;  nisi  Hymettia  mella  Falerno  15 

Ne  biberis  diluta.  Foris  est  promus,  et  atrum 

Defendens  pisces  hiemat  mare  ;  cum  sale  panis 

Latrantem  stomachum  bene  leniet.    Unde  putas,  aut 

Q,ui  partum  ?    Non  in  caro  nidore  voluptas 

Summa,  sed  in  te  ipso  est.    Tu  pulmentaria  quaere  20 

Sudando :  pinguem  vitiis  alburaque  nec  ostrea, 

Nec  scarus,  aut  poterit  peregrina  juvare  lagois. 

Vix  tamen  eripiam,  posito  pavone,  velis  quin 

Hoc  potius,  qucxra  gallina,  tergere  palatum, 

Corruptus  vanis  rerum  ;  quia  veneat  auro  25 

Rara  avis,  et  picta  panJat  spectacula  cauda. 

Tanquam  ad  rem  attineat  quidquam.     Num  vesceris  istk 

Quam  laudas  pluma  ?  coctove  num  adest  honor  idem  1 


118  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Carne  tamen  quamvis  distat  nihil  hac  magis  illa, 
Imparibus  formis  dcceptum  te  patet;  esto  :  30 

Unde  datum  sentis,  lupus  hic  Tiberinus,  an  alto 
Captas  hiet,  poiitesne  inter  jactatus,  an  amnis 
Ostia  sub  Tusci?    Laudas,  insane,  triiibrem 
Mullum,  in  singula  quem  minuas  pulmenta  necesse  est. 
Ducit  te  species,  video.    Quo  pertinet  eigo  35 

'Proceros  odisse  lupos?    Quia  scihcet  ilhs 
Majorem  natura  modum  dedit,  his  breve  pondus. 
*'  Porrectum  magno  magnum  spectare  catino 
Vellem,"  ait  Harpyiis  guja  digna  rapacibus.     At  vos, 
Praesentes  Austri,  coquite  horum  obsonia :  quamvis  40 

Patet  aper  rhombusque  recens,  mala  copia  quando 
iEgrum  solhcitat  fc^tomachum;  quum  rapula  plenus 
Atque  acidas  mavult  inulas.     Necdum  omnis  abacta 
Pauperies  epulis  regum  :  nam  vilibus  ovis 
Nigrisque  est  oleis  hodie  locus.     Haud  ita  pridem  45 

Galloni  proeconis  erat  acipensere  mensa 
Infamis.    Q,uid?  tum  rhombos  minus  o^quor  alebat? 
Tutus  erat  rhombus,  tutoque  ciconia  nido, 
Donec  vos  auctor  docuit  prfetorius.    Ergo, 
Si  quis  nunc  mergos  suaves  edixerit  assos,  50 

Parebit  pravi  docilis  Romana  juventus. 

Sordidus  atenui  victu  distabit,  Ofello 
Judice :  nam  frustra  vitium  vitaveris  illud, 
Si  te  alio  pravum  detorseris.     Avidienus, 
Cui  Canis  ex  vero  ductum  cognomen  adhaeret,  55 

Quinquennes  oleas  est  et  silvestria  corna ; 
Ac,  nisi  mutatum,  parcit  defundere  vinum  ;  et 
Cujus  odorem  olei  nequeas  perferre,  licebit 
Ille  repotia,  natales,  aliosve  dierum 

Festos  albatus  celebret,  cornu  ipse  bilibri  60 

Caulibus  in-tillat,  veteris  non  parcus  aceti. 

Quali  igitur  victu  sapiens  utetur  ?  et  horum 
Utrum  imitabitur?    Hac  urget  lupus,  hac  canis,  aiunt. 
Mundus  erit,  qui  non  offendat  sordibus,  atque 
In  neutram  partem  cultus  miser.    Hic  neque  servis,  65 

Albuti  senis  exemplo,  dum  munia  didit, 
Saevus  erit ;   neque,  sicut  simplex  Na^vius,  unctam 
Convivis  pra^bebit  aquam  :  vitium  hoc  quoque  magnum. 

Accipe  nunc  victus  tenuis  qua?  quantaque  secum 
Afferat.     Impriuiis  valeas  bene  :   nam,  varia' res  70 

Ut  noceant  hornini,  credas,  memor  illius  esca? 
Q,uaj  simplex  olim  tibi  sederit.    At  simul  assis 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  2.  1|9 

Miscueris  elixa,  simul  conchylia  turdis; 

Dulcia  se  in  bilem  vertent,  stomachoque  tumultum 

Lenta  feret  pituita.     Vides  ut  paliidus  omnis  75 

Coena  desurgat  dubia  ?    Quin  corpus  onustum 

Hesternis  vitiis  animum  quoque  praegravat  una, 

Atque  affligit  humo  divinae  particulam  aurcE. 

Alter,  ubi  dicto  citius  curata  sopori  ' 

Membra  dedit,  vegetus  praescripta  ad  munia  surgit.  80 

Hic  tamen  ad  melius  poterit  transcurrere  quondam : 

Sive  diem  festum  rediens  adduxerit  annus ; 

Seu  recreare  volet  tenuatum  corpus ;  ubique 

Accedent  anni,  et  tractari  molliijs  aetas 

Imbecilla  volet.    Tibi  quidnam  accedet  ad  istam  86 

Q,uam  puer  et  validus  praesumis  mollitiem,  seu 

Dura  valetudo  inciderit,  seu  tarda  senectus  ? 

Rancidum  aprum  antiqui  laudabant :  non  quia  nasus 
Illis  nullus  erat,  sed,  credo,  hac  mente,  quod  hospes 
Tardius  adveniens  vitiatum  commodius,  quam  90 

Integrum  edax  dominus,  consumeret.     Hos  utinam  inter 
Heroas  natum  telhis  me  prima  tuhsset ! 

Das  aliquid  famae,  quae  carmine  gratior  aurem 
Occupat  humanam?    Grandes  rhombi  patinaeque 
Grande  ferunt  una  cum  damno  dedecus  :  adde  95 

Iratum  patruum,  vicinos,  te  tibi  iniquum, 
Et  frustra  mortis  cupidum,  quum  deerit  egenti 
As,  laquei  pretiura.    "  Jure,"  inquit,  '*  Trausius  istis 
Jurgatur  verbis  :  ego  vectigalia  magna 
Divitiasque  habeo  tribus  amplas  regibus."    Ergo,  100 

Quod  superat,  non  est  melius  quo  insumere  possis? 
Cur  eget  indignus  quisquam,  te  divite?    duare 
TerapTa  ruunt  antiqua  deum?    Cur,  iraprobe,  carae 
Non  aliquid  patriae  tanto  eraetiris  acervo  ? 
Uni  nirairura  tibi  recte  seraper  erunt  res?  105 

O  magnus  posthac  inimicis  risus  !  Uterne 
Ad  casus  dubios  fidet  sibi  certiiis  ;  hic  q^ii 
Pluribus  assuerit  mentera  corpusque  superbum ; 
An  qui,  contcntus  parvo  raetuensque  futuri, 
In  pace,  ut  sapiens,  aptarit  idonea  bello?  110 

Q,uo  magis  his  credas ;  puer  hunc  ego  parvus  Ofelluin 
Integris  opibus  novi  non  latius  usum, 
duam  nunc  accisis.    Videas  metato  in  agello 
Cum  pecore  et  gnatis  fortera  raercede  colonum, 
"  Non  ego,"  narrantem,  '*  teraere  edi  luce  profesta  115 

Q,uidquam,  praeter  olus,  fumosae  cum  pede  pernfie. 


120  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Ac  mihi  seu  longum  post  tempus  venerat  hospes, 

Sive  operum  vacuo  gratus  conviva  per  imbrem 

Vicinus,  bene  erat,  non  piscibus  urbe  petitis, 

Sed  pullo  atque  hcedo  :  tum  pensilis  uva  secundas  120 

Et  nux  ornabat  mensas  cum  duplice  ficu  : 

Post  hoc  ludus  erat  cuppa  potare  magistra ; 

Ac  vcnerata  Ceres,  ita  culmo  surgeret  alto, 

Explicuit  vino  contracta?  seria  ft-ontis. 

Sa3viat  atque  novos  moveat  Fortuna  tumuhus,  125 

Quantiim  hinc  imminuet  ?  quanto  aut  ego  parcius,  aut  vos, 

O  pueri,  nituistis,  ut  huc  no/us  incola  venit? 

Nain  propriae  telJaris  herum  natura  neque  illum, 

Nec  me,  nec  quenquam  statuit :  nos  expulit  ille  ; 

Illum  aut  nequities  aut  vafi-i  inscitia  juris,  130 

Postremo  expellet  certe  vivacior  liferes, 

^Nunc  ager  Umbreni  sub  nomine,  nuper  Ofelli 

Dictus,  erit  nulJi  proprius ;  sed  cedit  in  usum 

Nunc  mihi,  nunc  alii :  quocirca  vivite  fortes, 

Fortiaque  adversis  opponite  pectora  rebus."  135 


SATIRA  III. 


DAMASIPPUS. 


Sic  raro  scribis,  ut  toto  non  quater  anno 

Membranam  poscas,  scriptorum  qUvTque  retexens, 

Iratus  tibi  quod  vini  somnique  benignus 

Nil  dignum  sermone  canas.    Quid  fiet?  ab  ipsis 

Saturnalibus  huc  fugisti  ;  sobrius  ergo  5 

Dic  aiiquid  dignum  promissis  :  incipe.    Nil  est. 

Culpantur  frustra  calami,  immeritusque  laborat 

Iratis  natus  paries  dis  atque  poetis. 

Atqui  vultus  erat  multa  ct  pra-clara  minantis, 

Si  vacuum  tepido  cepisset  villula  tecto.  10 

Quorsum  pertinuit  stipare  Platona  Menandro; 

Eu])oIin,  Archilochum,  comites  educere  tantos? 

Invidiam  phicare  paras  virtute  relicta? 

Contemnere  miser  :  vitanda  est  improba  Siren 

Desidia;  aut,  quidquid  vita  meliore  parasti,  15 

Ponendum  a;auo  animo. 

HORATIUS. 

Di  te,  Damasippe,  deaeque,  , 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  3.  IJII 

Verum  ob  consilium  donent  tonsore !    Sed  unde 
Tam  bene  me  nosti  ? 

DAMASIPPUS. 

Postquam  omnis  res  mea  Janum 

Ad  medium  fracta  est,  aliena  negotia  curo, 

Excussus  propriis.    Olim  nam  quaerere  amabam  SO 

Q,uo  vafer  ille  pedes  lavisset  Sisyphus  aere, 

duid  sculptum  infabre,  quid  fusum  duriiis  esset ; 

Callidus  huic  signo  ponebam  millia  centum  ; 

Hortos  egregiasqae  domos  mercarier  unus 

Cum  lucro  noram  :  unde  frequentia  Mercuriale  25 

Imposuere  mihi  cognomen  compita. 

HORATIUS. 

Novi : 
Et  morbi  miror  purgatum  te  illius. 

DAMASIPPUS. 

Atqui 
Emovit  veterem  mire  novus,  ut  solet,  in  cor 
Trajecto  lateris  miseri  capitisque  dolore  : 
Ut  lethargicus  hic,  quum  fit  pugil,  et  medicum  urget.       30 

HORATIUS. 

Dum  ne  quid  simile  huic,  esto  ut  libet. 

DAMASIPPUS. 

O  bone,  ne  te 
Frustrere ;  insanis  et  tu,  stultique  prope  omnes, 
Si  quid  Stertinius  veri  crepat ;  unde  ego  mira 
Descripsi  dociHs  praecepta  haec,  tempore  quo  me 
Solatus  jussit  sapientem  pascere  barbam,  35 

Atque  e  Fabricio  non  tristem  ponte  reverti. 
Nam  male  re  gestd  quum  vellem  mittere  operto 
Me  capite  in  flumen,  dexter  stetit :  et,  "  Cave  faxis 
Te  quidquam  indignum  ;  pudor,"  inquit,  "  te  malus  urget, 
Insanos  qui  inter  vereare  insanus  haberi.  40 

Primum  nam  inquiram  quid  sit  furere  :  hoc  si  erit  in  te 
Solo,  nil  verbi,  pereas  quin  fortiter,  addam. 
Quem  mala  stultitia  et  quemcunque  inscitia  veri 
CjEcum  agit,  insanum  Chrysippi  porticus  et  grex 
Autumat.     Haec  populos,  haec  magnos  formula  reges,        45 
Excepto  sapiente,  tenet.    Nunc  accipe  quare 

11 


122  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Desipiant  omnes  aBque  ac  tu,  qui  tibi  nomen 

Insano  posuere.     Velut  silvis,  ubi  passim 

Palantes  error  certo  de  tramite  pellit, 

Ille  sinistrorsum,  hic  dextrorsum  abit ;  unus  utrique         50 

Error,  sed  variis  illudit  partibus  :  hoc  te 

Crede  modo  insanum,  niliilo  ut  sapientior  ille, 

dui  te  deridet,caudam  traliat.     Est  ^enus  unum 

Stultitia3,  nihilum  metuenda  timentis;  ut  ignes, 

Ut  rupes,  fluviosque  in  campo  obstare  queratur  :     ^  55 

Alterum  et  huic  varium,  et  nihilo  sapientius,  ignes 

Per  medios  fluviosque  ruentis.     Clamet  amica 

Mater,  honesta  soror,  cum  cognatis,  pater,  uxor  : 

*  Hic  fossa  est  ingens  !  hic  rupes  maxima !  serva  !' 

Non  magis  audierit,  quam  Fusius  ebrius  olim,  60 

Q,uum  Ilionam  edormit,  Catienis  mille  ducentis, 

'  Mater,  te  appello,'  clamantibus.    Huic  ego  vulgum 

Errori  similem  cunctum  insanire  docebo. 

Insanit  veteres  statuas  Damasippus  emendo. 

Integer  est  mentis  Damasippi  creditor  ?    Esto  :  65 

*  Accipe  quod  nunquaui  reddas  mihi,'  si  tibi  dicam ; 
Tune  insanus  eris  si  acceperis,  an  magis  excors 
Rejecta  praeda  quam  praesens  Mercurius  fert  ? 
Scribe  decem  a  Nerio  :  non  est  satis ;  adde  CicutSB 
Nodosi  tabulas  centum  ;  mille  adde  catenas  :  70 
Effuo^iet  tamen  heec  sceleratus  vincula  Proteus. 

Q,uum  rapies  in  jus  malis  ridentem  alienis, 

Fiet  aper,  modo  avis,  modo  saxum,  et,  quum  volet,  arbor. 

Si  male  rem  gerere  iiisani  est ;  contra  bene,  sani : 

Putidius  multo  cerebrum  est,  mihi  crede,  Perilli,  75 

Dictantis  quod  tu  nunquam  rescribere  possis. 

Audire,  atque  togam  jubeo  componere,  quisquis 

Ambitione  mala  aut  argenti  pallet  amore, 

duisquis  luxuria,  tristive  superstitione, 

Aut  alio  mentis  morbo  calet;  huc  propius  me,  80 

Dum  doceo  insanire  omnes,  vos  ordine  adite. 

Danda  est  ellebori  multo  pars  maxima  avaris : 

Nescio  an  Anticyram  ratio  illis  destinet  omnem. 

Haeredes  Staberi  summam  incidere  sepulcro : 

Ni  sic  fecissent,  gladiatorum  dare  centum  85 

Damnati  populo  paria,  atque  epulum  arbitrio  Arri, 

Frumenti  quantum  metit  Africa.     Sive  ego  prave, 

Seu  recte,  hoc  volui,  ne  sis  patruus  mihi.'     Credo 

Hoc  Staberi  prudentem  animum  vidisse . .  ."  "  Quid  ergo 

Sensit,  quum  summam  patrimoni  insculpere  saxo  90 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  3.  123 

N 

Haeredes  voluit  ?"    "  duoad  vixit,  credidit  ingens 
Pauperiem  vitium.  et  cavit  nihil  acrius ;  ut,  si 
Forte  miniis  locuples  uno  quadrante  perisset, 
Ipse  videretur  sibi  nequior  :  omnis  enim  res, 
Virtus,  fama,  decus,  divina  humanaque,  pulchris  95 

Divitiis  parent ;  quas  qui  contraxerit,  ille 
CJarus  erit,  foitis,  justus."     "  Sapiensne ?"  "  Etiam ;  et  rex, 
Et  quidquid  volet.     Hoc,  veluti  virtute  paratum, 
Speravit  magnse  laudi  fore.    (duid  simile  isti 
Graecus  Aristippus,  qui  servos  projicere  auruni  100 

In  media  jussit  Libya,  quia  tardius  irent 
Propter  onus  segnes  ?  uter  est  insanior  horum  V 
"Nil  agit  exemplum  litem  quod  lite  resolvit." 
"  Si  quis  emat  citharas,  emptas  comportet  in  unum, 
Nec  studio  citharcB,  nec  Musae  deditus  ulli ;  105 

Si  soalpra  et  formas,  non  sutor;  nautica  vela, 
Aversus  mercaturis ;  delirus  et  amens 
Undique  dicatur  merito.    Q,ui  discrepat  istis, 
Q,ui  nummos  aurumque  recondit,  nescius  uti 
Compositis,  metuensque  velut  contingere  sacrum?  110 

Si  quis  ad  ingentem  frumenti  semper  acervum 
Porrectus  vigilet  cum  longo  fuste  ;  neque  illinc 
Audeat  esuriens  dominus  contingere  granum, 
Ac  potius  foliis  parcus  vescatur  amaris ; 
Si,  jiositis  intus  Chii  veterisque  Falerni  115 

Mille  cadis  . .  .  nihil  est .  . .  tercentum  millibus,  acre 
'  Potet  acetum ;  age,  si  et  stramentis  incubet,  unde- 
octoginta  annos  natus,  cui  stragula  vestis, 
Blattarum  ac  tinearum  epulae,  putrescat  in  arca : 
Nimirum  insanus  paucis  videatur,  eo  quod  120 

Maxima  pars  hominum  morbo  jactatur  eodem. 
Filius  aut  etiam  haec  libertus  ut  ebibat  haeres, 
Dis  inimice  senex  custodis?  ne  tibi  desit? 
duantulum  enim  summae  curtabit  quisque  dierum, 
Ungere  si  caules  oleo  meliore,  caputque"^  125 

Coeperis  impexa  fcedum  porrigine  ?    Quare, 
Si  quidvis  satis  est,  perjuras,  surripis,  aufers 
Undique?  tun'  sanus?     Populum  si  caedere  saxis 
Incipias,  servosque  tuo  quos  aere  pararis, 
Insanum  te  omnes  pueri  clamentque  puellfe  :  130 

Q,uum  laqueo  uxorem  interimis  matremque  veneno, 
Incolumi  capite  es  ?    Q,uid  enim  ?  neque  tu  hoc  facis 

Argis, 
Nec  ferro,  ut  demens  genitricem  occidit  Orestes. 


124  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

An  tu  refis  eum  occisa  insanisse  parente  1 

Ac  non  ante  malis  dementem  actum  Furiis,  quam  135 

In  matris  jugulo  ferrum  tepefecit  acutum  ? 

duin,  ex  quo  est  habitus  male  tutcE  mentis  Orestes, 

Nil  sane  fecit  quod  tu  reprcndere  possis : 

Non  Pyladen  ferro  violare  aususve  sororem 

Electram  :  tantum  maledicit  utiique,  vocando  140 

Hanc  Furiam,  hunc  aliud,  jussit  quod  splendida  bilis. 

Pauper  Opimius  argenti  positi  intus  et  auri, 

0,111  Veientanum  festis  potare  diebus 

Campana  solitus  truUa,  vappamque  profestis, 

Quondam  lethargo  grandi  est  o})pressus,  ut  haeres  145 

Jam  circum  loculos  et  claves  Isetus  ovansque 

Curreret :  hunc  medicus  multum  celer  atque  fidelis 

Excitat  hoc  pacto :  mensam  poni  jubet,  atque 

EfTundi  saccos  nummorum  ;  accedere  plures 

Ad  numerandum  :   hominem  sic  erigit.     Addit  et  illud  :  150 

*  Ni  tua  custodis,  avidus  jam  hcec  auferet  haeres.' 

*  Men'  vivo  ?'   '  Ut  vivas  igitur,  vigila  :  hoc  age. 

'  Quid  vis  V 

*  Deficient  inopem  venjE  te,  ni  cibus  atque 
In^ens  accedat  stomacho  fultura  ruenti. 

Tu  cessas?  agedum,  sume  hoc  ptisanarium  oryzae.'         155 
'  duanti  emptae  ?'  '  Parvo.'   '  Quanti  ergo  ?'  '  Octussibus.' 

'  Eheu  ! 
duid  refert  morbo  an  furtis  pereamve  rapinis  V  " 
"  duisnam  igitur   sanus  ?"     "  Q,ui  non  stultus."     "  QuiH 

avarus?" 
''  Stultus  et  insanus."     "  Quid  ?  si  quis  non  sit  avarus. 
Continuo   sanusr'     "  Minime."      *' Cur,   Stoice  ?"     "  Di- 

cam.  160 

*  Non  est  cardiacus,'  Craterum  dixisse  putato, 

'  Hic  aeger.'     '  Recte  est  igitur,  surgetque  ?'     Negabit, 

Quod  latus  aut  renes  morbo  tententur  acuto. 

Non  est  perjurus,  neque  sordidus;  immolet  aequis 

Hic  porcum  Laribus  :  verijm  ambitiosus  et  audax;  165 

Naviget  Anticyram  :  quid  enim  differt,  barathrone 

Dones  quidquid  habes,  an  nunquam  utare  paratis? 

Servius  Oppidius  Canusi  duo  praedia,  dives 

Antiquo  censu,  gnatis  divisse  duobus 

Fertur,  et  haec  moriens  pueris  dixisse  vocatis  170 

Ad  lectum  :  *  Postquam  te  talos,  Aule,  nucesque 

Ferre  sinu  laxo,  donare  et  ludere  vidi  ; 

Te,  Tiberi,  numerare,  cavis  abscondere  trislem ; 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  3.  125 

Extimui  ne  vos  aireret  vesania  discors: 

Tu  Nomentanum,  tu  ne  sequerere  Cicutam.  175 

Quare,  per  divos  oratus  uterque  Penates, 

Tu  cave  ne  minuas,  tu  ne  majus  facias  id 

Q,uod  satis  esse  putat  pater,  et  natura  coercet. 

Praeterea,  ne  vos  titillet  gloria,  jure- 

jurando  obstrin^am  ambo  :  uter  aedilis  fueritve  180 

Vestrum  praetor,  is  intestabilis  et  sacer  esto. 

In  cicere  atque  faba  bona  tu  perdasque  lapinis, 

Latus  ut  in  Circo  spatiere,  aut  seneus  ut  stes, 

Nudus  agris,  nudus  nummis,  insane,  paternis  ? 

Scilicet  ut  plausus  quos  fert  Agrippa  feras  tu,  185 

Astuta  ingenuum  vulpes  imitata  leonem  V 

*  Ne  quis  humasse  velit  Ajacem,  Atrida,  vetas  cur?* 

*  Rex  sum.'     '  Nil  ultra  quaero  plebeius.'     '  Et  sequam 
Rem  imperito  :  at,  si  cui  videor  non  justus,  inulto 

Dicere  quod  sentit  permitto.'     '  Maxime  regum,  190 

Di  tibi  dent  capta  classem  reducere  Troja ! 

Ergo  consulere,  et  mox  respondere  licebit  V 

'  Consule.'     '  Cur  Ajax,  heros  ab  Achille  secundus, 

Putrescit,  toties  servatis  clarus  Achivis? 

Gaudeat  ut  populus  Priami  Priamusque  inhumato,  195 

Per  quem  tot  juvenes  patrio  caruere  sepulcro?' 

*  Mille  ovium  insanus  morti  dedit,  inclytum  Ulyssem 
E    Menelaiim  una  mecum  se  occidere  clamans.' 

'  Tu  quum  pro  vitula  statuis  dulcem  Aulide  natara 

Ante  aras,  spargisque  mola  caput,  improbe,  salsa,  200 

Rectum  animi  servas  V    *  Quorsum  V    '  Insanus  quid  enim 

Ajax 
Fecit  quum  stravit  ferropecus?  abstinuit  vim 
Uxore  et  gnato,  mala  multa  precatus  Atridis. 
Non  iile  aut  Teucrum  aut  ipsum  violavit  Ulyssem.' 

*  Verum  ego,  ut  haerentes  adverso  littore  naves  205 
Eriperem,  prudens  placavi  sanguine  divos.' 

*  Nempe  tuo,  furiose.'     '  Meo,  sed  non  furiosus.* 
'  Qui  spacies  alias  veris  scelerisque  tumultu 
Permivtas  capiet,  commotus  habebitur  ;  atque, 
Stultitiane  erret,  nihilum  distabit,  an  ira.  210 
Ajax,  quum  immeritos  occidit,  desipit,  agnos  ? 

Quum  prudens  scelus  ob  titulos  admittis  inanes, 
Stas  animo?  et  purum  est  vitio  tibi,  quum  tumidum  est,  cor? 
Si  i\ms  lectica  nitidam  gestare  amet  agnam, 
Iluic  vestem,  ut  gnatae,  paret,  ancillas  paret,  aurum;      215 
Kufam  aut  Rufillam  appellet,  fortique  marito 

11* 


126  Q-  HORATIl  FLACCI 

Destinet  uxoreni ;  interdicto  huic  omne  adiniat  ius 
'Praetor,  et  ad  sanos  abeat  tuteJa  propinquos. 
Quid  !  si  qiiis  gnatam  pro  niuta  devovet  aijfna, 
Integer  est  aninii  ?    Ne  dixeris.     Ergo,  ubi  prava  220 

Stultitia,  hic  est  summa  insania :  qui  sceleratus, 
Et  tariosus  erit  :  quem  cepit  vitrea  tama, 
Hunc  circamtonuit  2:audens  JBeJlona  cruentis. 
Nunc  age,  luxariam  et  Nomentanam  arripe  njecum. 
Vincet  enim  stultos  ratioinsanire  nepotes.  225 

Hic  simul  accepit  patrimoni  mille  talenta, 
Edici',piscator  uti,  pomarius,  auceps, 
Unguentarius,  ac  Tusci  turba  impia  vici, 
Cum  scurris  fartor,  cum  Velabro  o:nne  macellum, 
Many  domum  veniant.    Quid  tum  ?  Vent  re  frequentes.  230 
Verba  facit  leno  :     '  Q.ui(lqaid  mihi,  quidquid  et  hou  n 
Cuiquedomi  est,  id  crede  tuum  ;  et  vel  nunc  pete,  vel  cras.* 
Accipe  quid  contra  juvenis  responderit  aequus : 
'  In  nive  Lucana  doruiis  ocreatus,  ut  aprum 
Coenem  ego  ;  tu  pisces  hiberno  ex  a^qaore  vellis  :  235 

Segnis  ego,  indignus  qui  tantii:n  possideam.    Aufer:     ' 
Sume  tibi  decies  ;  tibi  tantundem  ;  tibi  triplex.' 
Filius  ^sopi  detractam  ex  aure  MetelJae, 
Scilicet  ut  decies  solidum  exsorberet,  aceto 
Diluit  insignem  baccam  :  qui  sanior  ac  si  240 

Illud  idem  in  rapidum  flumen  jaceretve  cloacam? 
Q,uinti  progenies  Arri,  par  nobile  fratrum, 
Nequitia,  et  nugis,  pravorum  et  amore  gemellum, 
'Luscinias  soliti  impenso  prandere  coemptas. 
Quorsum  abeant  ?  sani  ut  creta,  an  carbone  notandi  ?   245 
iEdificare  casas,  plaustelJo  adjungere  njures, 
Ludere  par  impar,  equitare  in  arundine  longa, 
Si  quem  delectet  barbatum,  amentia  verset. 
^Si  puerilius  his  ratio  esse  evincet  amare  ; 
Nec  quidquam  differre,  utrumne  in  pulvere,  trimus         250 
Quale  priiis,  ladas  opus,  an  meretricis  amore 
Sollicitus  plores :  qua.^ro,  facia.^ne  quod  olim 
Mutatus  Polemon  ?  pon.s  insignia  morlji, 
•Fasciolas,  cubital,  focalia,  potus  ut  ille 
Dicitur  ex  collo  furl  m  carpsisse  coronas,  255 

Postquam  est  impransi  ccrreptus  voce  niagistri? 
'Porrigis  irato  puero  quum  poma,  recusat  : 
*  Siiuie,  Catelle  ;'     negat :  si  non  des,  oj)tat.     Amator 
Exclusirs  qui  distat,  agit  ubi  secui-i,  eat  an  non 
Quo  rediturus  erat  non  arcessitus,  et  liairet  2C0 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  3.  1<17 

Invisis  foribus  ?     *  Ne  nunc,  quum  me  vocat  ultro, 

Accedam  ?  an  potius  mediter  finire  dolores  ? 

Exclusit,  revocat :  redeam  ?  non,  si  obsecret.'     Ecee 

Servus,  non  paulo  sapientior  :  '  O  here,  quse  res 

Nec  modum  habet,  neque  consilium,  ratione  modoque   265 

Tractari  non  vult.     In  amore  ha!C  sunt  mala ;  beilum, 

Pax  rursum  :  hcEC  si  quis,  tempestatis  prope  ritu 

Mobilia  et  caeca  fluitantia  sorte,  laboret 

Reddere  certa  sibi,  nihilo  plus  exphcet  ac  si 

Insanire  paret  certa  ratione  modoque.'  270 

Q,uid  ?  quum,  Picenis  excerpens  semina  pomis, 

Gaudes  si  cameram  percusti  forte,  penes  te  es? 

Q,uid  ?  quum  balba  feris  annoso  verba  palato, 

iEdificante  casas  qui  sanior  ?     Adde  cruorem  274 

Stuhitiae,  atque  ignem  gladio  scrutare.     Modo,  inquam, 

HeJlade  percussa  Marius  quum  praecipitat  se, 

Cerritus  fuit?  an  commotae  crimine  mentis 

Absolves  hominem,  et  sccleris  damnabis  eundem, 

Ex  more  imponens  cognata  vocabula  rebus? 

Libertinus  erat,  qui  circum  compita  siccus  280 

Lautis  mane  senex  manibus  currebat ;  et,  '  Unum,'  ' 

Quiddam  magnum  addens,  '  unum  me  surpite  morti, 

Dis  etenim  facile  est,'  orabat :  sanus  utrisque 

Auribus  atque  ocuhs ;  mentem,  nisi  litigiosus, 

Exciperet  dominus  quum  venderet.    Hoc  quoque  vulgus  285 

Chrysippus  ponit  foecunda  in  gente  Meneni. 

'  Jupiter,  ingentes  qui  das  adimisque  dolores,' 

Mater  ait  pueri  menses  jam  quinque  cubantis, 

*  Frigida  si  puerum  quartana  rehquerit,  illo  " 

Mane  die  quo  tu  indicis  jejunia,  nudus  290 

In  Tiberi  stabit.'     Casus  medicusve  levarit 

iEgrura  ex  praecipiti,  mater  delira  necabit 

In  gehda  fixum  ripa,  febrimque  reducet. 

Quone  malo  mentem  concussa?  timore  deorum." 

Haec  mihi  Stertinius,  sapientum  octavus,  amico  295 

Arma  dedit,  posthac  ne  compellarer  inultus. 

Dixerit  insanum  qui  me,  totidem  audiet ;  atque 

Respicere  ignoto  discet  pendentia  tergo. 

HORATIUS. 

StoVce,  post  damnum  sic  vendas  omnia  pluris  : 

Q,ua  me  stultitia,  quoniam  non  est  genus  unum,  300 

Insauire  putas  ?  ego  nam  videor  mihi  sanus. 


128  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 


DAMASIPPUS. 


Quid  ?  capnt  abscissum  dcmens  quum  portat  Agave 
Giiati  iufeiicis,  sibi  tum  furiosa  vidctur  ? 

HORATIUS. 

Stultum  me  fateor,  liceat  concedere  vcris,  304 

Atque  etiam  insanum  ;  tantum  hoc  edissere,  quo  mc 
iEgrotare  putes  auimi  vitio. 

DAMASIPPUS. 

Accipe  :  primum 
iEdificas,  hoc  est,  lonfjos  imitaris,  ab  imo 
Ad  summum  totus  moduli  bipedalis;  et  idem 
Cor])ore  majorem  rides  Turbonis  in  armis 
Spiritum  et  incessum  :  qui  ridiculus  minus  illo?  310 

An,  quodcunque  facit  Maecenas,  te  quoque  verum  est, 
Tanto  dissimilem  et  tanto  certare  minorem  ? 
Absentis  ranae  pullis  vituH  pede  pressis, 
Unus  ubi  effugit,  matri  denarrat  ut  ingens 
Bollua  cognatos  eliserit.     Illa  rogare,  315 

"Quantane?  num  tandem,"  se  inflans,  ''sicmagna  fuisset?" 
"  Major  dimidio."     "  Num  tanto  ?''  Quum  niagis  atque 
Se  magis  infiaret;  "  Non,  si  te  ruperis,"  inquit, 
"  Par  eris."     Hjec  a  te  non  muUiim  abludit  imago. 
Adde  poemata  nunc,  hoc  est,  oleum  adde  camino  :         320 
Q,U2B  si  quis  sanus  fecit,  sanas  facis  et  tu. 
Non  dico  horreudam  rabiiin  .  .  . 

HORATIUS. 

Jam  desine. 

DAMASIPPUS. 


Majorcm  censu  . . . 


Cultum 


HORATIUS. 


Teneas,  Damasippe,  tuis  te. 
O  major  tandem  parcas  insane  minori. 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  4.  129 

SATIRA  IV. 


HORATIOS. 

Unde,  et  quo  Calius  ? 


CATtUS. 


Non  est  mihi  tempus  aventi 
Ponere  signa  novis  praeceptis,  qualia  vincant 
Pythagoram,  Anytique  reum,  doctumque  Platona. 


HORATIUS. 


Peccatum  fateor,  quum  te  sic  tempore  laevo 
Interpellarim  :  sed,  des  veniam  bonus,  oro. 
Q,u6d  si  interciderit  tibi  nunc  aliquid,  repetes  mox; 
Sive  est  naturce  hoc,  sive  artis,  mirus  utroque. 


CATIUS. 


Q,uin  id  erat  curae,  quo  pacto  cuncta  tenerem ; 
Utpote  res  tenues,  tenui  sermone  peractas. 

HORATIUS. 

Ede  hominis  nomen  :  simul  et  Romanus  an  hospes.  10 

CATIUS. 

Ipsa  memor  prrecepta  canam  ;  celabitur  auctor. 

Longa  quibus  facies  ovis  erit,  illa  memento, 

Ut  succi  melioris  et  ut  magis  alma  rotundis, 

Ponere  :  namque  marem  cohibent  callqsa  vitellura.' 

Caule  suburbano,  qui  siccis  crevit  in  agris,  15 

Dulcior  :  irrioruo  nihil  est  elutius  horto. 

Si  vespertinus  subito  te  oppresserit  hospes, 

Ne  gaiiina  malum  responset  dura  palato, 

Doctus  eris  vivam  raixto  mersare  Fulerno : 

Hoc  teneram  faciet.     Pratensibus  optirha  fungis  20 

Natura  esl ;  aliis  male  creditur.  ■\.lIJe  salabres 

iEstates  peraget,  qui  nigris  prandia  moris 

Finiet,  ante  gravem  qiiae  legerit  arbore  solem. 

Aufidijs  forti  miscebat  melJa  Falerno; 

Mendose,  qjoniam  vacuis  cominittere  venis  25 

Nil  nisi  lene  decet :  leni  pra  cordia  mulso 

Prolueris  melius.     Si  dura  morabitur  alvus, 

Mytilus  et  viles  pelJeut  obstantia  conchas, 

Et  lapathi  brevis  herba,  sed  albo  non  sine  Coo. 


130  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Lubrica  nascentes  implent  conchylia  lunae.  30 

Sed  non  omne  mare  est  generosa?  fertile  testae: 

Murice  Baiano  melior  Lucrina  peloris ; 

Ostrea  Circeiis,  Miseno  oriuntur  echini ; 

Pectinibus  patulis  jactat  se  mollc  Tarentum. 

Nec  sibi  coenarum  quivis  temere  arroget  artem,  35 

Non  prius  exacta  tenui  ratione  saporum. 

Nec  satls  est  cara  pisces  averrere  mensa 

Ignarum  quibus  est  jus  aptius,  et  quibus  assis 

Languidus  in  cubituni  jam  se  conviva  reponet. 

Umber,  et  iligua  nutrilus  glande,  rotundas  40 

Curvet  aper  lances  carnem  vitantis  incrtem  : 

Nam  Laurens  malus  est,  ulvis  et  arundine  pinguis. 

Vinea  submiltit  capreas  non  semper  edules. 

Fcecundse  leporis  sapiens  sectabitur  armos. 

Piscibus  atcjue  avibus  qua3  natura  et  foret  aetas,  45 

Ante  meum  nulli  patuit  qua^sita  palatum, 

Sunt  quorum  ingenium  nova  tantijm  crustula  promit. 

Nequaquam  satis  in  re  una  consumere  curam  : 

Ut  si  quis  solum  hoc,  mala  ne  sint  vina,  laboret 

Quali  perfundat  pisces  securus  olivo.  50 

Massica  si  ccelo  supponas  vina  sereno, 

Nocturna,  si  quid  crassi  est,  tenuabitur  aura, 

Et  decedet  odor  nervis  inimicus;  at  illa 

Integrum  perdunt  lino  vitiata  saporem. 

Surrentina  vafer  qui  niiscet  foece  Falerna  55 

Vina,  columbino  limum  bene  colligit  ovo; 

duatenus  ima  petit  volvens  aliena  vitellus. 

Tostis  marcenteni  squillis  recreabis  et  Afra 

Potorem  cochlea ;  nam  lactuca  innatat  acri 

Post  vinum  stomacho :  perna  magis  ac  magis  hillis  60 

Flagitat  in  morsus  refici ;  quin  omnia  malit, 

Q,u[Ecunquc  immundis  fervent  illata  popinis, 

Est  operai  pretium  du])licis  pernoscere  juris 

Naturam  :  simplex  e  dulci  constat  olivo, 

Quod  pingui  miscere  niero  muriaque  decebit,  65 

Non  alia  quam  qua  Byzantia  putruit  orca. 

IIoc  ubi  confusum  sectis  inferbuit  herLis, 

Corycioque  croco  sparsum  stetit,  insuper  addes 

Pressa  Venafrana^  quod  bacca  remisit  olivae. 

Picenis  cedunt  pomis  Tiburtia  succo  ;  70 

Nam  facie  pra:'stant.     Venucula  convenit  ollis; 

Rectius  Albanam  fumo  duraveris  uvam. 

Ilanc  ego  cum  nialis,  ego  faecem  primus  et  halec. 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  5.  131 

Primus  et  invenior  piper  album,  cum  sale  nigro 

Incretum,  puris  circumposuisse  catillis.  75 

Immane  est  vitium  dare  millia  terna  macello, 

Angustoque  vagos  pisces  urgere  catino. 

Magna  movet  stomacho  fastidia,  seu  puer  unctis 

Tractavit  calicem  manibus,  dum  furta  ligurrit; 

Sive  gravis  veteri  cratercE  limus  adiiaesit.  80 

Vilibus  in  scopis,  in  mappis,  in  scobe,  quantus 

Consistit  sumptus?  neglectis,  flagitium  iugens. 

Ten'  lapides  varios  lutuienta  radere  palma, 

Et  Tyrias  dare  circum  illota  toralia  vestes, 

Oblitum  quanto  curam  sumptumque  minorem  85 

Haec  habeant,  tanto  reprendi  justiiis  illis 

Q-uae  nisi  divitibus  nequeant  contingere  mensis  ? 

HORATIUS. 

Docte  Cati,  per  amicitiam  divosque  rogatus, 

Ducere  me  auditum,  perges  quocunque,  memento. 

Nam,  quamvis  referas  memori  mihi  pectore  cuncta,  90 

Non  tamen  interpres  tanturtdem  juveris  :  adde 

Vultum  habitumque  hominis ;  quem  tu  vidisse  beatus 

Non  magni  pendis,  quia  contigit:  at  mihi  cura 

Non  mediocris  inest,  foutes  ut  adire  remotos 

Atque  haurire  queam  vitae  praecepta  beatae.  95 


SATIRA  V. 


ULYSSES. 


tloc  quoque,  Tiresia,  praeter  narrata,  petenti 
Responde,  quibus  amissas  reparare  queam  res 
Artibus  atque  modis.     Quid  rides? 

TIRESIAS. 

Jamnc  doloso 
Non  satis  est  Ithacam  revehi,  patriosque  Penatcs 
Aspicere? 

ULYSSES.  ' 

O  nulli  quidquam  mentite,  vides  ut  5 

Nudus  inopsque  domum  redeam,  te  vate ;  neque  illic 


132  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Aut  apotheca  procis  intacta  est,  aut  pecus :  atqui 
Et  genus,  et  virtus,  nisi  cuni  re,  vilior  alga  est. 

TIRESIAS. 

Q,uando  pauperiem,  missis  ambagibus,  horres, 
Accipe  qua  ratione  queas  ditescere.     Turdus  10 

Sive  aliud  privuni  dabitur  tibi ;  devolet  illuc 
Res  ubi  magna  nitet,  doinino  sene;  dulcia  poma, 
Et  quoscunque  feret  cultus  tibi  fundus  honores, 
Ante  Lareni  gustet  venerabihor  Lare  dives  : 
-  Qui  quamvis  perjurus  erit,  sine  gente,  cruentus  15 

Sanguine  fraterno,  fugitivus  ;  ne  tamen  illi 
Tu  comes  exterior,  si  postulet,  ire  recuses. 

ULYSSES. 

Utne  tegam  spurco  DamzB  latus  ?  haud  ita  TrojaB 
Me  gessi,  certans  semper  melioribus. 


Pauper  eris. 


TIRESIAS. 

Ergo 


ULYSSES. 

Fortem  hoc  animum  tolerare  jubebo  i         20 
Et  quondam  majora  tuli.     Tu  protenas,  unde 
Divitias  aerisque  ruam,  dic,  augur,  acervos. 


TIRESIAS. 


Dixi  equidem,  et  dico.     Captes  astutus  ubique 

Testamenta  senum  :  neu,  si  vafer  unus  et  alter 

Insidiatorem  praeroso  fugeret  hamo.  25 

Aut  spem  deponas,  aut  artem  illusus  omittas. 

Magna  minorve  foro  si  res  certabitur  ohm, 

Vivet  uter  locuples  sine  gnatis,  improbus  ultro 

Q,ui  meliorem  audax  vocet  in  jus;  illius  esto 

Defensor :  fama  civem  causaque  priorem  30 

Sperne,  domi  si  gnatus  erit  foecundave  conjux. 

"  Quinte,"  puta,  aut  "  Publi,"  (gaudent  praenomine  molles 

AuriculjE,)  "  tibi  me  virtus  tua  fecit  amicum  : 

Jus  anceps  novi,  causas  defendere  possum: 

Eripiet  quivis  oculos  citius  mihi,  quiim  te  36 

Contemptum  cassa  nuce  pauperet:  haBc  mea  cura  est, 

Ne  quid  tu  perdds,  neu  sis  jocus."     Ire  domum  atque 

Pelliculara  curare  jube  :  fi  cognitor  ipse. 


SATIHARUM  LIB.  II.  5.  133 

Persta  atque  obdura,  seu  rubra  Canicula  findet 

Infanles  statuas,  seu  pingui  tentus  omaso  40 

Furius  iiibernas  cana  nive  conspuet  Alpes. 

"  Nonne  vides,"  uliquis  cubito  stantem  prope  tangens 

Inquiet,  "  ut  paticns!  ut  amicis  aptus  !  ut  acer  !" 

Plures  annabunt  thunni,  et  cetaria  crescent. 

Si  cui  proeterea  validus  male  filius  in  re  45 

Praeclara  sublatus  aletur ;  ne  manifestum 

Cselibis  obsequium  nudet  te,  Jeniter  in  spem 

Arrepe  officiosus,  ut  et  scribare  secundils 

Haeres,  et,  si  quis  casus  puerum  egerit  Orco, 

In  vacuum  venias :  perraro  haec  alea  fallit.  50 

Qui  testamentum  tradet  tibi  cunque  legendum, 

Abnliere  et  tabulas  a  te  removere  memento : 

Sic  tamen  ut  limis  rapias  quid  prima  secundo 

Cera  velit  versu ;  solus  multisne  cohoBres, 

Veloci  percurre  oculo.     Plernmque  recoctus  55 

Scriba  ex  Quinqueviro  corvum  deludet  hiantem, 

Captatorque  dabit  risus  Nasica  Corano. 

ULYSSE3- 

Num  furis?  an  prudens  ludis  me  obscura  canendot 

TIRKSIAS. 

O  Laertiade,  quidquid  dicam,  aut  erit,  aut  non : 

Divinare  etenim  magnus  mihi  donat  Apollo.  60 

ULYSSES. 

Q,uid  tamen  ista  velit  sibi  fabula,  si  licet,  ede. 

TIRESIAS. 

Tempore  quo  juvenis  Parthis  horrendus,  ab  alto 
Demissum  genus  ^nea,  tellure  marique 
Magnus  erit,  forti  nubet  procera  Corano 
Fiiia  Nasicae,  metuentis  reddere  soldum."  65 

Tum  gener  hoc  faciet ;  tabulas  socero  dabit,  atque 
Ut  leorat  orabit :  multiim  Nasica  neo-atas 
Accipiet  taiidem  et  tacitus  leget ;  invenietque 
Nil  sibi  legatum,  praeter  plorare,  suisque. 
Illud  ad  haec  jubeo :  mulier  si  fortO  dolosa  70 

Libertusve  senem  deiirum  temperet,  illis 
Accedas  socius;  laudes,  lauderis  ut  absens. 
Me  sene,  quod  dicam,  factum  esl :  Anus  improba  Thebis 
Ex  testamento  sic  est  elata :  cadaver 
12 


|i)4  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

rnciiun  oleo  largo  nudis  humeris  tulit  haeres;  75 

Scilicet  elabi  si  posset  mortua,  credo, 

Quod  nimium  institerat  viventi.     Cautus  aidito . 

Neu  desis  operae,  neve  immoderatus  abundes. 

Difiicilera  et  morosum  oflfendet  garrulus  :  ultra 

Non  etiam  sileas.     Davus  sis  comicus,  at(jue  80 

Stes  capite  obstipo,  multum  similis  metuenti. 

Obsequio  grassare  :  mone,  si  increbuit  aura, 

Cautus  uti  velet  carum  caput :  extralie  turba, 

Oppositis  humeris  :  aurem  substringe  loquaci. 

Importunus  amat  laudari  ?  donec,  "  Ohe  !  jam  !"  85 

Ad  coeium  manibus  sublatis,  dixerit,  urge  ;  et 

Crescentem  tumidis  infla  sermonibus  utreni. 

Q,uum  te  servitio  longo  curaque  levarit ; 

Et  certum  vigilans,  "  Quartae  esto  partis  Ulysses," 

Audieris,  "  haeres"  :  "  Ergo  nunc  Dama  sodalis  90 

Nusquam  est!   unde  mihi  tam  tbrtem  tamque  fidelem  V 

8parge  subinde  ;  et,  si  paulum  potes,  illacrymare.     Est 

Gaudia  prodentem  vultum  celare.     Sepulcrum, 

Permipsum  arbitrio,  sine  sordibus  exstrue  :  funus 

E^regie  factum  laudet  vicinia.     Si  quis  95 

Forte  cohaeredum  senior  male  tussiet,  huic  tu 

Dic,  ex  parte  tua,  seu  fundi  sive  domus  sit 

Emptor,  gaudentem  nummo  te  addicere.     Sed  me 

Imperiosa  trahit  Proserpina :  vive,  vaieque. 


SATIRA  VI. 


Hoc  erat  in  votis :  modus  agri  non  ita  magnus, 

Hortus  ubi,  et  tecto  vicinus  jugis  aquae  fons, 

Et  paulum  silvae  super  his  foret.     Auctius  atque 

Di  melius  fecere  :  bene  est.     Nihil  amplius  oro, 

Maia  nate,  nisi  ut  propria  haec  mihi  munera  faxis.  5 

Si  neque  majorem  feci  ratione  mala  rem, 

Nec  sum  facturus  vitio  culpave  minorem ; 

6i  vcneror  stultus  nihil  horum,  "  O  si  angulus  ille 

Proximus  accedat,  qui  nunc  denormat  agellum! 

O  si  urnam  argenti  fors  quae  mihi  monstret !  ut  illi,  10 

Thesauro  invento,  qui  mercenarius  agrum 

Illum  ipsum  mercatus  aravit,  dives  amico 

Hercule ;"  si  quod  adest  gratum  juvat :  hac  prcce  te  oro, 

Pingue  pecus  domino  facias,  et  csetera,  prceter 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  6.  135 

Ingenium  ;  utque  soles,  custos  mihi  inaximus  adsis.         15 
Ergo,  ubi  me  in  montes  et  in  arcem  ex  urbe  removi, 
Quid  prius  illustrem  satiris,  Masaque  pedestri  ? 
Nec  mala  me  arabitio  perdit,  nec  plumbeus  Auster, 
Autumnusque  gravis,  Libitinae  quaestus  acerbae. 

Matutine  pater,  seu  Jane  libentius  audis,  20 

Unde  homines  operum  primos  vitaeque  labores 
Instituunt,  sic  dis  placitum,  tu  carminis  esto 
Principium.     RomaB  sponsorem  me  rapis.     "  Eia  ! 
Ne  prior  officio  quisquam  respondeat,  urge." 
Sive  Aquilo  radit  terras,  seu  bruma  nivalem  25 

Interiore  diem  gyro  trahit,  ire  necesse  est. 
Postmodo,  quod  mi  obsit,  clare  certumque  locuto, 
Luctandam  in  tnrba  ;   facienda  injuria  tardis. 
"  Q,uid  vis,  insans  ?  et  quas  res  agis?"   improbus  urget 
Iratis  precibus;  "  tu  pulses  omne  quod  obstat,  30 

Ad  Maecenatem  memori  si  mente  recurras." 
Hoc  juvat  et  melli  est,  non  mentiar.     At,  simul  atras 
Ventum  est  Esquilias,  aliena  negotia  centum 
Per  caput  et  circa  saliunt  latus.     "  Ante  secundam 
Roscius  orabat  sibi  adesses  ad  Puteal  cras."  35 

"  De  re  communi  scribae  magna  atque  nova  te 
Orabant  hodie  meminisses,  duinte,  reverti." 
"  Imprimat  his,  cura,  Maecenas  signa  tabellis." 
Dixeris,   "  Experiar"  :  "  Si  vis,  potes,"  addit  et  instat. 
Septimus  octavo  propior  jam  fugerit  annus,  40 

Ex  quo  Maecenas  me  coepit  habere  suorum 
In  numero,  duntaxat  ad  hoc,  quem  tollere  rheda 
Vellet,  iter  faciens,  et  cui  concredere  nugas 
Hoc  genus  :  "  Hora  quota  est  ?  Thrax  est  Gallina  Syro  parl 
Matutina  parum  cautos  jam  frigora  mordent :"  45 

Et  quae  rimosa  bene  deponuntur  in  aure. 
Per  totum  hoc  tempus  subjectior  in  diem  et  horam 
Invidiae.     "  Noster  ludos  spectaverat  una  ; 
Luserat  in  campo;  Fortunae  filius ;"  onmes. 
Frigidus  a  Rostris  manat  per  compita  rumor  :  50 

Quicunque  obvius  est  me  consulit :  "  O  bone,  nam  te 
Scire,  deos  quoniam  propius  coutincris,  oportet : 
Num  quid  de  Dacis  audisti  ?"    "  Nil  equidem."  "  Ut  t« 
Semper  eris  derisor  I"    "  At  omnes  di  exagitent  me, 
Si  quidquam."     "Quid?  militibus  promissa  Triquetr^     55 
Praedia  Caesar,  an  est  Itala  tellure  daturus  V 
Jurantem  me  scire  nihil  mirantur,  ut  unum  r> 

SciUcet  egregii  mortalem  altique  silenti. 


136  Q-  HORATII  FLACCl 

Perditur  haec  inter  misero  lux,  non  sine  votis : 
O  rus,  quando  ego  te  aspiciam  ?  quandoquc  licebit,  CO 

Nunc  veterum  libris,  nunc  somno  et  inertibus  horis, 
Ducere  sollicitcB  jucunda  obhvia  vitae  ? 
O  quando  faba,  Pythagora3  cognata,  simulque  J^ 

Uncta  satis  pingui  ponentur  oluscula  lardo?  vx 

O  noctes  ccenaique  deuni,  quibus  ip^e  nieique  ^     65 

Ante  Larem  proprium  ve^cor,  vernasque  procaces'^ 
Pasco  libatis  dapibus  !     Prout  cuique  libido  est, 
Siccat  inaequales  calices  conviva,  solutus 
Legibus  insanis :  seu  quis  capit  acria  Ibrtis 
Pocula,  seu  modicis  uvescit  lailius.     Ergo  70 

Sermo  oritur,  non  de  vilhs  domibusve  ahenis, 
Nec  male  necne  Lepos  saUet :  sed,  quod  magis  ad  nos 
Pertinet  et  nescire  malum  est,  agitamus;  utrumne 
Divitiis  homines,  an  sint  virtute  beati ; 

Q,uidve  ad  amicitias,  usus  rectumne,  trahat  nos ;  75 

Et,  quae  sit  natura  boni  ;  summumque  quid  ejus. 
Cervius  hiEC  inter  vicinus  garrit  aniles 
Ex  re  fabellas.     Nam  si  quis  laudat  Arelli 
SoIIicitas  ignarus  opes,  sic  incipit :  '*  Olim 
Rusticus  urbanum  murem  mus  paupere  fertur  80 

Accepisse  cavo,  veterem  vetus  hospes  amicum;     ^ijy^ 
Asper  et  attentus  quaesitis,  ut  tamen  arctum     -^*-*^ 
Solveret  hospitiis  animum.     Quid  multa?  neque  ille 
Sepositi  ciceris,  nec  longfe  invidit  avense  :      {y  ■  i^ 
Aridum  et  ore  ferens  acinum,  semesaque  lardi  85 

Frusta  dedit,  cupiens  varia  fastidia  cama 
Vincere  tangentis  male  singula  dente  superbo : 
Q,uum  pater  ipse  domus  palea  porrectus  in  horna 
Esset  ador  !olmmqne,"  dapis  meliora  relinquens. 
Tandem  urbLnus  ad  hunc, '  Quid  te  juvat,'  inquit,  'amice,  90 
Pr.-erupti  nemoris  patientem  vivere  dorso  ? 
Vis  tu  homines  urbemque  feris  praeponere  silvis? 
Carpe  viam,  mihi  crede,  comes,  terrestria  quando 
Mortales  animas  vivunt  sortita,  neque  ulla  est 
Aut  magno  aut  parvo  leti  fuga  :  quo,  bone,  circa,  95 

Dum  licet,  in  rebus  jucundis  vive  beatus ; 
Vive  memor  quam  sis  a3vi  brevis.'     Haic  ubi  dicla 
Agrestem  pepulere,  domo  le;is  exsilit :  inde 
Ambo  propositum  peragunt  iter,  urbis  aventes 
Moenia  nocturni  subrepcre.     Jamque  tenebat  100 

Nox  medium  corU  spatium,  quum  ponit  uterque 
In  locuplete  domo  vestigia ;  rubro  ubi  cocco 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  7.  137 

Tincta  super  lectos  canderet  vestis  eburnos, 

Multaque  de  magna  superessent  fercula  coena, 

QuaB  procul  exstructi^  inerant  hesterna  canistris.  105 

Ergo  ubi  purpurea  porrectum  in  veste  locavit 

Agrestem,  veluti  succinctus  cursitat  hospes, 

Continuatque  dapes;  nec  non  vernaliter  ipsis 

Fungitur  otficiis,  praelambens  omne  quod  adfert. 

Ille  cubans  gaudet  mutata  sorte,  bonisque  110 

Rebus  agit  laetum  convivam  ;  quum  subito  ingens 

Valvarum  strepitus  lectis  excussit  utrumque. 

Currere  per  totum  pavidi  conclave  ;  magisque 

Exaaimes  trepidare,  simul  domus  alta  Molossis 

Personuit  canibus.     Tum  rusticus,  '  Haud  mihi  vita       115 

Est  opus  hac,  ait ;  et  valeas ;  me  silva  cavusque 

Tutus  ab  insidiis  tenui  solabitur  ervo.'  "        -    ^^ 


SATIRA  VII. 


DAVIJS. 


Jamdudum  ausculto ;  et,  cupiens  tibi  dicere  servus 
Pauca,  reformido. 

HORATIUS. 

Davusne  ? 

DAVUS. 

Ita,  Davus,  amicum 
Mancipium  domino,  et  frugi,  quod  sit  satis,  lioc  e&t, 
Ut  vitale  putes 

nORATlUS. 

Age,  libertate  Dccembri, 
Q,uando  ita  majores  voluerunt,  utere  ;  narra. 


DAVUS. 


Pars  hominum  vitiis  gaudet  constanter,  et  iirgot 
Propositum :  pars  multa  natJt,  modo  recta  capesscns 
Interdum  pravis  obnoxia.     Sa^pe  notatus 
Cum  tribus  annellis,  modo  la^va  Pnscus  inani, 
Vixit  inaequalis,  clavum  ut  mutaret  in  horas ;  10 

^dibus  ex  magnis  subito  se  conderet,  uude 
12* 


138  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Mundior  exiret  vix  libertinus  honeste. 

Jam  mcechus  Roma3,  j.im  mallct  doctor  Athenis 

Vivere,  Vertumnis,  quotquot  sunt,  nauis  iniquis 

Scurra  Volanerius,  pot;l(iuam.  illi  justa  chiragra  15 

Contudit  articulos,  qui  pro  se  tolleret  atque 

Mitteret  in  phimum  lalos,  mercede  diurna 

Conductum  pavit :  quanto  constantior  idem 

In  vitiis,  tanto  icvius  niiser,  ac  prior  illo 

Q,iii  jam  contento,  jam  laxo,  fune  laborat.  20 

HORATIUS. 

Non  dices  hodie  quorsum  haec  tam  putida  tendant, 
Furcifer  ? 

DAVDS. 

Ad  te,  inquam. 

HORATICS. 

Quo  pacto,  pessime  ? 

DAVUS. 

Laudas 
Fortunam  et  mores  antiqua?  plebis ;  et  idem, 
Si  quis  ad  illa  deus  subito  te  agat,  iisque  recuses ; 
Aut  quia  non  sentis,  quod  clamas,  rectius  esse,  25 

Aut  quia  non  firmus  rectum  defendis,  et  hceres, 
Nequidquam  cceno  cupiens  evellere  plantam. 
Romae  rus  optas ;  absentem  rusticus  urbem 
Tollis  ad  astra  lavis.     Si  nusquam  es  forte  vocatus 
Ad  coinam,  laudas  securum  olus:  ac,  velut  usqaam         30 
Vinctus  eas,  ita  te  felicem  dicis,  amasque, 
duod  nusquam  tibi  sit  potandum.     Jusscrit  ad  se 
Ma3cenas  serum  sub  lumina  prima  venire 
Convivam  ;   "  Nemon'  oleum  feret  ocius?  ecquis 
Audit?"  cum  magno  blateras  clamore,  furisque.  35 

Milvius  et  scurra.*,  tibi  non  referenda  precati, 
Discedunt.     Etenim  fateor  me,  dixerit  ille, 
Duci  ventre  levem  ;  nasum  nidore  supinor ; 
Imbecilius,  iners,  si  quid  vis,  adde,  popino. 
Tu,  quum  sis  quod  ego,  et  fortassis  nequior,  ultro  40 

Insectere,  velut  melior?  verbisque  decoris 
Obvolvas  vitium  ?     Quid,  si  mc  stultior  ipso, 
Quingentis  empto  drachmis,  dcpri  rideris?     Aufcr 
Me  vultu  terrere  ;  manura  stomachumque  teueto. 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  7.  j39 

t 

Dum,  quaB  Crispini  docuit  me  janilor,  edo.  45 

**  Non  sum  mcechus,"  ais.    Neque  ego,  hercule,  fur,  ubi  vasa 

Praetereo  ^apiens  argen^^ea.     Tollc  periclum, 

Jam  vaga  prasiliet  frainis  natura  remotis. 

Tune  mihi  dominus,  rerum  imperiis  hominumque 

Tot  tantisque  minor,  quem  ter  vindicta  quaterque  60 

Imposita  haud  unquam  misera  formidine  privct  ? 

Adde  super,  dictis  quod  non  levius  vaJeat :  nam 

Sive  vicarius  est,  qui  servo  paret,  uti  mos 

Vester  ait,  seu  conservus ;  tibi  quid  sum  ego  ?     Ncmpe 

Tu,  mihi  qui  imperitas,  aliis  servis  miser,  atque  55 

Duceris  ut  nervis  ahenis  mobile  lignum. 

Quisnam  igitur  libei  ?  Sapiens,  tribi  qui  imperiosus; 

Q,uem  neque  pauperies,  neque  mors,  neque  vincula  terrent ; 

Responsare  cupidinibus,  contemnere  honores 

Fortis,  et  in  seipso  totus,  teres  atque  rotundus,  60 

Externi  ne  quid  valeat  per  leve  morari ; 

In  quem  manca  ruit  semper  Fortuna.     Potesne 

Ex  his  ut  proprium  quid  noscere?     Qninque  talenta 

Poscit  te  mulier,  vexat,  foribusque  repulsum 

Perfundit  gelida  :  rursus  vocat.     Eripe  turpi  C5 

Colla  jugo  :  "  Liber,  liber  sum,"  dic  age.     Non  quis; 

Urget  enim  dominus  mentem  non  lenis,  et  acres 

Subjectat  lasso  stimulos,  versatque  negantem. 

Vel,  qnum  Pausiaca  torpes,  insane,  tabella, 

Q,ui  peccas  minus  atque  ego,  quum  Fulvi  RutubaBque,     70 

Aut  Placideiani  contento  poplite  miror 

Proelia,  rubrica  picta  aut  carbone ;  velut  si 

Re  vera  pugnent,  feriant  vitentque  moventes 

Arma  viri?     Nequam  et  cessator  Davus  ;  at  ipse 

Subtilis  veterum  judex  et  callidus  audis.  75 

Nil  eso,  si  ducor  libo  fumante :  tibi  inorens  ^ 

Virtus  atque  animus  coenis  rcsponsat  opimis; 

Obsequium  ventris  mihi  perniciosius  est :  cur? 

Tergo  plector  enim.     Qui  tu  impunitior  illa, 

Q,uae  parvo  sumi  nequeant,  quum  obsonia  caplas?  60 

Nempe  inamarescunt  epuh-e  sine  finc  petitaj, 

Illusiqae  pe-les  vitiosum  ferre  recusant 

Corpus.     An  hic  peccat,  sub  noctem  qui  puer  uvam 

Furtivam  mutat  strigili  ?  qui  prnedia  vendit, 

Nil  servile,  gulx  parens,  h.ibet?     Adde,  quod  idem  65 

Non  horam  tecuTU  esse  potes ;  non  otia  recte 

Ponere  ;  teque  ipsum  vitas,  fugitivus  ut  erro. 


140  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Jam  vino  qiiaerens,  jam  somno,  fallere  curam 

Frustra ;  nam  comes  atra  premit  sequiturque  fagacenL 


Unde  mihi  lapidem  ? 


HORATIUS. 
DAVUS. 

Quorsum  est  opus  ? 

HORATIUS, 


DAVUS. 

Aut  insanit  homo,  aut  versus  facit. 


Unde  sagittas? 


HORATIUS. 

Ociiis  hinc  te        91 


Ni  rapis,  accedes  opera  agro  nona  Sabino. 


SATIRA  VIIL 


HORATIUS. 


Ut  te  Nasidieni  juvit  coena  beati  ? 

Nam  mihi,  quajrenti  convivam,  dictus  here  illic 

De  medio  potare  die. 


In  vita  fuerit  melius. 


FUNDANIUS. 

Sic,  ut  mihi  nunquam 


HORATIUS. 

Da,  si  grave  non  est, 
QuaB  prima  iratum  ventrem  placaverit  esca. 


FUNDANIUS. 


In  primis  Lucanus  aper  :  leni  fuit  Austro 

Cuptus,  ut  aiebat  ccencB  pater.     Acria  circihn 

Kapula,  lactucac,  radices,  qualia  lassum 

Pervellunt  stomachum  ;  siser,  halec,  fiecula  Coa. 

IJis  ubi  sublatis  puer  alte  cinctus  acernam  10 

Gausa[>e  purpureo  mensam  pertersit,  et  aiter 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  8.  14J 

Sublegit  quodcunque  jaceret  inutile,  quodque 

Posset  coeiiantes  otiendere ;  ut  Attica  virgo 

Cum  sacris  Cereris,  procedit  fuscus  Hydaspes, 

Caicuba  vina  ferens  ;   Alcon,  Cliium  niaris  expers.  15 

Hic  herus  :  "  Albar.um,  Maecenas,  sive  Falernum 

Te  magis  appositis  deiectat,  liabemus  utrumque." 


HORATIUS. 


Divitias  miseras !  Sed  queis  coenantibus  una, 
Fundani,  pulclire  fuerit  tibi,  nosse  laboro. 


FUNDANIUS. 


Summus  ego  ;  et  prope  me  Viscus  Thurinus;  et  infr^,    20 

Si  memini,  Varius:  cum  Sorvilio  Balatrone 

Vibidius,  qaos  Maecenas  adduxerat  UTubras. 

Nomentanus  erat  super  ipsum,  Porcius  infra, 

Ridiculus  totas  simui  obsorbere  ])lacentas. 

Nomentanus  ad  hoc,  qui,  si  quid  forte  lateret,  25 

Indice  monstraret  digito  :  nam  caetera  turba, 

Nos,  inquam,  ccenamus  aves,  conchyiia,  pisces, 

Lon^e  dissimilem  noto  celantia  siiccum ; 

Ut  vel  continuo  patuit^quum  passeris  atque 

Ingustata  mihi  porfexefat  ilia  rhombi.  30 

Post  lioc  me  docuit  melimeJa  rubere  minorem 

Ad  lunam  delecta.     Q,uid  hoc  intersit,  ab  ipso 

Audieris  melius.     Tuin  Vibidius  Balatroni : 

*'  Nos,  nisi  damnose  bibimus,  moriemur  inulti." 

Et  calices  poscit  majores.     Vertere  pallor  35 

Tum  parochi  iaciem,  nil  sic  metuentis  ut  acres 

Potores  ;  vel  quod  maledicunt  Iiberiiis,vel 

Fervida  quod  subtile  exsurdant  vina  palatum. 

Invertunt  Alliphanis  vinaria  tota 

Vibidius  Balatroque,  sequutis  omnibus  :  imi  40 

Conviva^  lecti  nihiliini  nocuere  lagenis. 

AlTertur  squillas  inter  mura^na  natantes 

In  patiiia  porrecta.     Sub  hoc  herus,  "  HrBC  gravida,"  inquit, 

"  Capta  est,  deterior  post  partum  carne  futura. 

His  mixtum  jus  est  oleo  quod  prima  Venafii  ,  45 

Pressit  cella;  garo  de  succis  piscis  Iberi ; 

Vino  quinquenni,  veriim  citra  mare  nato, 

Dum  coquitur,  cocto  Chium  sic  convenit  ut  non 

Hoc  ma^is  ullum  aliud  ;  pipere  albo,  non  sine  aceto 

Q,uod  Methymnaeam  vitio  mutaverit  uvam.  60 


142  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Erucas  virides,  inulas  ego  primus  amaras 

Monstravi  incoquere  ;  illutos  Curtillus  echinos, 

Ut  melius  niuria,quam  testa  marina  remittit." 

Interea  suspensa  graves  aula^a  ruinas 

In  patinam  fecere,  trahentia  pulveris  atri  65 

duantum  non  Aquilo  Campanis  excitat  agris. 

Nos  majus  veriti,  postquam  nihil  esse  pericli 

Sensimus,  erigimur.     Rufus  posito  capite,  ut  si 

Fihus  immaturus  obisset,  flere.     Q,uis  esset 

Finis,  ni  sapiens  sic  Nomentanus  amicum  GO 

Tolleret  ?     "  Heu  Fortuna  !  quis  est  crudelior  in  nos 

Te  deus?  ut  semper  gaudes  illudcre  rebus 

Humanis!  "    Varius  mappa  compescere  risum 

Vix  poterat.     Balatro,  suspendens  omnia  naso, 

"  Haec  est  conditio  vivendi,"  aiebat ;  "  eoque  05 

Responsura  tuo  nunquam  est  par  fama  labori. 

Tene,  ut  ego  accipiar  laute,  torquerier  omni 

Sollicitudine  districtum  ?  ne  panis  adustus, 

Ne  male  conditum  jus  apponatur?  ut  omnes 

Pra^cincti  recte  pueri  comptique  ministrent?  70 

Adde  hos  praeterea  casus :  aula^a  ruant  si, 

Ut  modo ;  si  patinam  pede  lapsus  frangat  agaso. 

Sed  convivatoris,  uti  ducis,  ingenium  res 

AdversaB  nudare  soient,  celare  secundse." 

Nasidienus  ad  haec  :  "  Tibi  di,  quscunque  preceris,         75 

Commoda  dent ;  ita  vii  lx)nus  es  convivaque  comis.'* 

Et  soleas  poscit.     Tum  in  lecto  quoque  videres 

Stridere  secreta  divisos  aure  susurros. 

HORATIUS. 

Nullos  his  mallem  ludos  spectasse  :  sed  illa 
Redde,  age^  quae  deinceps  risisti. 

FUNDANIUS. 

Vibidius  dum         80 
Quaerit  de  pueris  num  sit  quoque  fracta  lagena, 
Quod  sibi  poscenti  non  dentur  pocula ;  dumque 
Ridetur  fictis  rerum,  Balatrone  secundo; 
Nasidiene,  redis  mutatae  frontis,  ut  arte 
Emendaturus  fortunam  ;  deinde  sequuti  85 

Mazonomo  pueri  magno  discerpta  ferentes 
Membra  gruis,  sparsi  sale  multo,  non  sine  farre, 
Pinguibus  et  ficis  pastum  jecur  anseris  albi; 


SATIRARUM  LIB.  II.  8.  143 

Et  loporum  avulsos,  ut  multo  suavius,  armos, 

Quam  si  cum  lumbis  quis  edit :  tum  pectore  adusto  90 

Vidimus  et  merulas  poni,  et  sine  clune  palumbes. 

Suaves  res,  si  non  causas  narraret  earum  et 

Naturas  dominus  :  quem  nos  sic  fugimus  ulti, 

Ut  nihil  omnino  gustaremus,  velut  illis 

Canidia  afflasset,  pejor  serpeiitibus  Afris.  95 


Q.    IIORATII    FLACCI 
EPISTOLARUM 

LIBER   PRIMUS. 


EPISTOLA  I. 

AD  MiECENATEM. 

Prtma  dicte  mihi,  siimma  dicende  CamfEna, 

Spectatum  satis,  et  donatum  jam  rude,  qua^ris, 

Maecenas,  iierum  antiquo  me  includcre  ludo. 

Non  eadem  est  cetas,  non  mens.     Vejanius,  armis 

Herculis  ad  postem  fixis,  latet  abditus  agro  5 

Ne  populum  extrema  toties  exoret  arena. 

Est  mihi  purgatam  crebro  qui  personet  aurem  : 

"  Solve  senescentem  mature  sanus  equum,  ne 

Peccet  ad  extremum  ndendus,  et  ilia  ducat." 

Nunc  itaque  et  versus  et  caitera  ludicra  pono:  10 

Quid  verum  atque  decens  curo  et  rogo,  et  omnis  in  hcc 

sum  : 
Condo  et  compono  quae  mox  depromere  possim. 
Ac,  ne  forte  ro^es  quo  me  duce,  quo  lare  tutcr : 
Nullius  addictus  jurare  in  verba  magistri, 
Q,u6  me  cunque  rapit  tempestas,  deleror  hospes.  15 

Nunc  agilis  fio,  et  mers^or  civilibus  undis, 
Virtutis  verae  custos,  rigidusque  satelles : 
Nunc  in  Aristippi  fiirtijn  pra^cepta  relabor, 
Et  mihi  res,  non  me  rebus  submittere  conor. 
Ut  nox  longa  quibus  somni  pars  nulla,  diesque  20 

Longa  videtur  opus  debentibus  ;  ut  piger  annus 
Pupillis  quos  dura  premit  custodia  matrum  : 
Sic  mihi  tarda  fiuunt  ingrataque  tenipora,  qua^  spcm 
Consiliumtjue  morantur  agentli  gnaviter  id  (luod 
iEque  pauperibus  prodest,  locupletibus  a;quu,  25 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  L  1.  146 

vBqiie  nefjlectum  pueris  senibusque  nocebit. 

Ilestat  ut  his  ego  nie  ipse  regam  soJerque  elementis : 

Non  possis  oculo  quantum  contendere  Lynceus, 

Nou  tamen  idcirco  contemnas  lippus  inungi ; 

Nec,  quia  desperes  invicti  niembra  Glyconis,  30 

Nodosa  corpus  nolis  prohibere  cheragra. 

Est  quadam  prodire  tenus,  si  non  datur  ultra. 

Fervet  avaritia  miseroque  cupidine  pectus  ? 

Sunt  verba  et  voces  qnibus  hunc  lenire  dolorem 

Possis,  et  magnam  morbi  deponere  partem.  35 

Laudis  amore  tumes?  sunt  certa  piacula  quae  te 

Ter  pure  lecto  poterunt  recreare  libelJo. 

Invidus,  iracundus,  iners,  vinosus,  amator, 

Nemo  adeo  ferus  est  ut  non  mitescere  possit, 

Si  modo  culturag  patientem  commodet  aurem.  iO 

Virtus  est  vitium  fugere ;  et  sapientia  prima 
Stultitia  caruisse.     Vides,  quse  maxima  credis 
Esse  mala,  exiguum  censum,  turpemque  repulsam, 
duanto  devites  aninio  capitisque  labore  : 
Impiger  extremos  curris  mercator  ad  Indos,  46 

Per  mare  pauperiem  fugiens,  per  saxa,  per  ignes : 
Ne  .cures  ea  quae  stulte  miraris  et  optas, 
Discere  et  audire,  et  meliori  credere  non  vis  ? 
Quis  circum  pagos  et  circum  compita  pugnax 
Magna  coronari  contemnat  Olympia,  cui  spes,  60 

Cui  sit  conditio  dulcis  sine  pulvere  palmae? 

Vilius  arorentum  est  auro,  virtutibus  aurum. 
"  O  cives,  cives,  quaerenda  pecunia  primum  est, 
Virtus  post  nummos."     Haec  Janus  summus  ab  imo 
Prodocet :  haec  recinunt  juvenes  dictata  senesque,  55 

Laevo  suspensi  loculos  tabulamque  lacerto. 
Si  quadringentis  sex  septem  millia  desunt, 
Est  animus  tibi,  sunt  mores,  et  lingua,  tidesque; 
Plebs  eris.     At  pueri  ludentes,  "  Rex  eris,"  aiunt, 
"  Si  recte  facies."     Hic  murus  aeneus  esto,  60 

Nil  conscire  sibi,  nulla  pallescere  culpa. 
Roscia,  dic  sodes,  melior  lex,  an  puerorum  est 
Naenia,  qua?  regnum  recte  facientibus  ofTert, 
Et  maribus  Curiis  et  decantata  Camillis? 
Isne  tibi  melius  suadet,  qui,  rem  facias ;  rem,  05 

Si  possis,  recte ;  si  non,  quocunque  modo  rem  ; 
Ut  propiiis  spectes  lacrymosa  poemata  Pupi : 
An  qui  fortunae  te  responsare  superbae 
Liberum  et  erectum  prsesens  hortatur  et  aptat  t 
13 


146  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Q,ti6d  si  me  populus  Romanus  forte  roget  cur  70 

Non,  ut  porticibus,  sic  judiciis  fruar  isdem, 
Nec  sequar  aut  fugiam  quae  deligit  ipse  vel  odit : 
Olim  quod  vulpes  oegroto  cauta  leoni 
Respondit,  referam  :  "  Quia  me  vestigia  terrent, 
Omnia  te  adversum  spectantia,  nulla  retrorsum."  75 

Bellua  multorum  es  capitum  :  nam  quid  sequar?  aut  quem? 
Pars  hominum  gestit  conducere  publica :  sunt  qui 
Crustis  et  pomis  viduas  venentur  avaras, 
Excipiantque  senes  quos  in  vivaria  mittant : 
Multis  occulto  crescit  res  foenore.     Verum  80 

Esto,  aliis  alios  rebus  studiisque  teneri ; 
lidem  eadem  possunt  horam  durare  probantes  ? 
"  NuUus  in  orbe  sinus  Baiis  praelucet  amcenis/' 
Si  dixit  dives,  lacus  et  mare  sentit  amorem 
Festinantis  heri ;  cui  si  vitiosa  libido  85 

Fecerit  auspicium,  cras  ferramenta  Theanum 
Tolletis,  fabri.     Lectus  genialis  in  aula  est? 
Nil  ait  esse  prius,  mehus  nil  coelibe  vita ; 
Si  non  est,  jurat  bene  solis  esse  maritis. 
Quo  teneam  vultus  mutantem  Protea  nodo?  90 

Q,uid  pauper  ?  ride  :  mutat  ccenacula,  lectos, 
Balnea,  tonsores ;  conducto  navigio  seque 
Nauseat  ac  locuples  quem  ducit  priva  triremis. 

Si  curtatus  inaequali  tonsore  capillos 
Occurri,  rides  :  si  forte  subucula  pexsB  95 

Trita  subest  tunicae,  vel  si  toga  dissidet  impar, 
Rides.     Quid,  mea  quum  pugnat  sententia  secum  ; 
Q,uod  petiit,  spernit ;  repetit  quod  nuper  omisit ; 
iEstuat,  et  vitae  disconvenit  ordine  toto ; 
Diruit,  aedificat,  mutat  quadrata  rotundis?  100 

Insanire  putas  solemnia  me,  neque  rides, 
Nec  medici  credis,  nec  curatoris  egere 
A  prsetore  dati,  rerum  tutela  mearum 
Quum  sis,  et  prave  sectum  stomacheris  ob  unguem 
De  te  pendentis,  te  respicientis  amici.  105 

Ad  summam,  sapiens  uno  minor  est  Jove ;  dives, 
Liber,  honoratus,  pulcher,  rex  denique  regum : 
Praecipue  sanus,  nisi  quum  pituita  molesta  est 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  2.  I47 

EPISTOLA  II. 

AD  LOLLIUM 

Trojani  belli  scriptorem,  maxime  Lolli, 

Dum  tu  declamas  Romae,  Prseneste  releo-i ; 

Uui,  quid  sit  pulchrum,  quid  turpe,  quid  utile,  quid  non, 

Planius  ac  melius  Chrysippo  et  Crantore  dicit. 

Cur  ita  crediderim,  nisi  quid  te  detinet,  audi.  5 

Fabula,  qua  Paridis  propter  narratur  amorem 
Greecia  barbarisB  lento  collisa  duello, 
Stultorum  regum  et  populorum  continet  aestus. 
Antenor  censet  belli  prascidere  causam. 
Q,uid  Paris  ?  ut  salvus  regnet  vivatque  beatus,  10 

Cogi  posse  negat.     Nestor  componere  lites 
Inter  Peliden  festinat  et  inter  Atriden  : 
Hunc  amor,  ira  quidem  communiter  urit  utrumque. 
Quidquid  delirant  reges,  plectuntur  Achivi. 
Seditione,  dolis,  scelere,  atque  libidine  et  ira,  15 

Iliacos  intra  muros  peccatur  et  extra. 

Rursus,  quid  virtus  et  quid  sapientia  possit, 
Utile  proposuit  nobis  exemplar  Ulyssem ; 
Q,ui,  domitor  Trojae,  multorum  providus  urbes 
Et  mores  hominum  inspexit ;  latumque  per  «quor,  20 

Dum  sibi,  dum  sociis  reditum  parat,  aspera  multa 
Pertulit,  adversis  rerum  immersabilis  undis. 
Sirenum  voces  et  Circae  pocula  nosti ;  '. 
Quae  si  cum  sociis  stultus  cupidusque  bibisset, 
Sub  domina  meretrice  fuisset  turpis  et  excors,  25 

Vixisset  canis  immundus,  vel  amica  luto  sus.      , 

Nos  numerus  sumus,  et  fruges  consumere  nati, 
Sponsi  Penelopae,  nebulones,  Alcinoique 
In  cute  curanda  plus  aequo  operata  juventus  ; 
Cui  pulchrum  fuit  in  medios  dormire  die&)  et  30 

Ad  strepitum  citharae  cessatum  ducere  curam. 
Ut  jugulent  hominem,  surgunt  de  nocte  latrones  : 
Ut  teipsum  serves,  non  expergiscesis  ?  Atqui 
Si  noles  sanus,  curres  hydropicus :  et,  ni 
Posces  ante  diem  librum  cum  lumine,  si  non  85 

Intendes  animum  studiis  et  rebus  honestis ; 
Invidia  vel  amore  vigil  torquebere.     Nam  cur, 
Quae  laeduntoculum,  festinas  demere ;  si  quid 
Est  animum,  differs  curandi  tempus  in  annum? 
Djmidium  faqti,  qui  ccepit,  habet :  sapere  aude  ;  40 


j49      .  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Incipe  :  qui  recte  vivendi  prorogat  horam, 
Rusticus  exspecLat  duni  defluat  aninis ;  at  ille 
Labitur,  et  labetur  in  onine  volubilis  fevum. 

Queeritur  argentum,  puerisquc  beata  creandis 
Uxor,  et  incultae  pacantur  voniere  silvae.  45 

duod  satis  est  cui  contigit,  hic  nihil  amplius  optet. 
Non  domus  et  fundus,  non  seris  acervus  et  auri 
iEgroto  domini  deduxit  corpore  febres,  -  {■; 
Non  animo  curas.     Yaleat  possessor  oportet, 
Si  comportatis  rebus  bene  cogitat  uti.  50 

dui  cupit  aut  metuit,  juvat  iilum  sic  domus  et  res, 
Ut  lippum  pict3B  tabulai,  fomenta  podagram, 
Auriculas  citharse  coliecta  sorde  dolentes. 
Sincerum  est  nisi  vas,  quodcunque  infundis  acescit. 
Sperne  volui^tates:  nocet  empta  dolore  vohiptas.  55 

Semper  avarus  eget ;  certum  voto  pete  finem. 
Invidus  alterius  macrescit  rebus  opimis  : 
Invidia  SicuU  non  invenere  tyranni 
Majus  tormentum.     Qui  non  moderabitur  irae, 
Infectum  volet  esse,  dolor  quod  suaserit  et  men«,  00 

Dum  pcenas  odio  per  vim  festinat  inulto. 
Ira  furor  brevis  est :  animum  rege,  qui,  nisi  paret, 
Imperat :  hunc  frsenis,  hunc  tu  compesce  catena. 
Fino-it  equum  tenera  docilem  cervice  magister 
Ire  viam  qua  monstret  eques.     Venaticus,  ex  quo  65 

Tempore  cervinam  pellem  latravit  in  aula, 
Militat  in  silvis  catulus.     INunc  adhibe  puro 
Pectore  verba,  puer ;  nunc  te  melioribus  offer. 
Q,uo  semel  est  imbuta  recens,  servabit  odorem 
Testa  diu.     Quod  si  cessas,  aut  strenuus  anteis,  70 

Nec  tardum  opperior,  nec  praecedentibus  insto. 


EPISTOLA  III. 

AD  JULIUM  FLORUM. 


JuLi  Flore,  quibus  terrarum  militet  oris 

ClaudiusAugusti  privirrnus,  scire  laboro. 

Thracane  vos,  Hebrusque  nivali  compede  vinctus, 

An  freta  vicinas  inter  currentia  turres, 

An  pingues  Asia)  campi  colk^sque  n)orantur  ?  5 

Uuid  studiosa  cohors  operum  struit?     Haec  quoque  curo  : 

Quis  sibi  res  gestas  Augusti  scribere  sumit  ? 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  4.  149 

Bella  quis  et  paces  longum  difFundit  in  sBvum  ? 

Quid  Titius,  Romana  brevi  venturus  in  ora, 

Pindarici  fontis  qui  non  expalluit  haustus,  10 

Fastidire  lacus  et  rivos  ausus  apertos  ? 

Ut  valet  ?  ut  meminit  nostri  ?  fidibusne  Latinis 

Thebanos  aptare  raodos  studet,  auspice  Musa  ? 

An  tragica  desajvit  et  ampullatur  in  arte  ? 

Quid  mihi  Celsus  agit  ?  monitus,  multumque  monendus,  15 

Privatas  ut  quaerat  opes,  et  tangere  vitet 

Scripta  Palatinus  quaecunque  recepit  Apollo : 

Ne,  si  forte  suas  repetitum  venerit  olim 

Grex  avium  plumas,  moveat  cornicula  risuro, 

Furtivis  nudata  coloribus.     Ipse  quid  audes?  20 

Quas  circumvolitas  agilis  thyma?  non  tibi  parvum 

Ingenium,  non  incultum  est,  nec  turpiter  hirtum. 

Seu  linguam  causis  acuis,  seu  civica  jura 

Respondere  paras,  seu  condis  amabile  carmen, 

Prima  feres  hederae  victricis  proemia  :  quod  si  25 

Frigida  curarum  fomenta  relinquere  posses, , 

Q,uo  te  ccelestis  sapientia  duceret,  ires. 

Hoc  opus,  hoc  studium  parvi  properemus  et  ampli, 

Si  patricB  voiumus,  si  nobis,  vivere  cari. 

Debes  hoc  etiam  rescribere,  si  tibi  curae,  30 

Quantae  conveniat,  Munatius  :  an  male  sarta 
Gratia  nequidquam  coit  et  rescinditur?  at  vos 
Seu  calidus  sanguis,  seu  rerum  inscitia  vexat 
Indomita  cervice  feros,  ubicunque  locorum 
Vivitis,  indigni  fraternum  rumpere  foedus,  35 

Pascitur  in  vestrum  reditum  votiva  juvenca. 


<^  EPISTOLA  IV. 

AD    ALBIUM    TIBULLUM.  " 

Albi,  nostrorum  sermonum  candide  judex, 
Q.uid  nunc  te  dicam  facere  in  regione  Pedana? 
Scribere  quod  Cassi  Parmensis  opuscula  vincat? 
An  tacitum  silvas  inter  reptare  salubres, 
Ctirantem  qiiid(iuid  dignum  sapiente  bonoque  est? 
Non  tu  cor[)us  eras  sine  pectore.     Di  tibi  formam, 
Di  tibi  di\  itias  dederunt,  artemque  fruendi. 

Quid  voveat  dulci  nutricula  majus  alunmo, 
Qui  sa])ere  et  fari  possit  quae  sentiat,  et  cui 
13  * 


150  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Gratia,  fama,  valetudo  contingat  abunde,  10 

Et  rnundus  victus,  non  deficiente  crumena  ? 

Inter  spem  curamque,  timores  inter  et  iras, 
Omnem  crede  diem  tibi  diluxisse  supremum  : 
Grata  superveniet,  quje  non  sperabitur,  hora. 

Me  pinguem  et  nitidum  bene  curata  cute  vises,  15 

Q,uum  ridere  voles,  Epicuri  de  grege  porcum. 


EPISTOLA  V. 

AD    TORQUATUM. 


Si  potes  Archiacis  conviva  recumbere  lectis, 

Nec  modica  CGenare  times  olus  omne  patelJa, 

Supremo  te  sole  domi,  Torquate,  manebo. 

Vina  bibes  iterum  Tauro  diffusa,  palustres 

Inter  Minturnas  Sinuessaniimque  Petrinum.  5 

Sin  mebus  quid  habes,  arcesse,  vel  impeiium  fer. 

Jamdudum  splendet  focus,  et  tibi  munda  supellex. 

Mitte  leves  spes,  et  certamina  divitiarum, 

Et  Moschi  causam  :  cras  nato  CaBsare  festus 

Dat  veniam  somnumque  dies ;  impune  licebit  10 

yEstivam  sermone  benigno  tendere  noctem. 

Q,uo  mihi,  fortuna  si  non  conceditur  uli  ? 

Parcus  ob  haeredis  curam  nimiumque  severus 

Assidet  insano.     Potare  et  spargere  flores 

Incipiam,  patiarque  vel  inconsultus  haberi.  15 

Q,uid  non  eorietas  designat  ?  operta  recludit; 

Spes  jubet  esse  ratas;  in  prcplia  trudit  inertem ; 

Sollicitis  animis  onus  eximit;  addocet  artes. 

FoBCundi  calices  quem  non  fe^.ere  disertum  ? 

Contracta  quem  non  in  paupertate  solutum?  20 

HaBC  ego  procurare  et  idoneus  imperor,  et  non 
Invitus ;  ne  turpe  toral,  ne  sordida  mappa 
Corruget  nares ;  ne  non  et  cantharus  et  lanx 
Ostendat  tibi  te ;  ne  fidos  iuter  amicos 
Sit  qui  dicta  foras  eliminet ;  ut  cocat  par  25 

Jungaturque  pari,     Butram  tibi  Septiciumque, 
Kt  nisi  ccena  prior,  potior  conviva,  Salfinum 
Detinet,  assumam  :  locus  est  et  pluribus  umbris; 
Sed  nimis  arcta  prcmunt  oHdae  convivia  capriE. 

Tu,  quotus  esse  veli»,  rcscribe  ;  et,  rebuo  omissis,        30 
Atria  servantem  postico  falle  clieutem. 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  6.  151 


EPISTOLA  VI. 

AD    NUMICIUIM. 

NiL  adinirari  prope  res  est  una,  Numici, 

Soi  iq  le,  quap  po.sit  facore  et  servare  beatum. 

Hunc  soJem  et  stellas  et  dececlentia  ccitis 

Tenipora  momentis  sunt  (jui  formidme  nuUa 

Imbuti  spectent :  quid  censjs  munera  terrae  ?  5 

Quid  maris  extremos  Arabas  ditantis  et  Indos? 

Ludicra  quid,  plausus,  et  amici  dona  Quiritis? 

Q,uo  spectanda  inodo,  quo  sensu  credis  ct  ore  ? 

dui  timet  iiis  adversa,  fere  miratur  eodem,  ->. 

Q,\io  cupiens,  pacto  :  pavor  est  utrobique  molestus :  lU 

Improvisa  finmJ  species  exterret  utrumque. 

Gaud^dt,  an  doleat;  cupiat,  metuatne ;  quid  ad  r^m, 

Si,  quidquid  vidit  melius  pejusve  sua  spe, 

Detixis  oculis  animoque  et  corpore  torpet? 

Insani  sapiens  nomen  ferat,  aequus  iniqui,  15 

Ullra  quam  satis  est  virtutem  si  petat  ipsam. 

1  nunc,  argentum,  et  maiinar  yetus,  aBraque,  et  artes 
Suspice  ;  cura  gemmrs  Tyrios  mirare  colores  : 
Gaude  quo-d  spjctant  ocuJi  te  miJJe  loquentem : 
Gnavus  mme  forum  et  vespertinus  pete  tectum  ; .  20 

Ne  plus  frumenti  dotaJibus  emetat  agris 
Mutus  ;  et,  indignum,  quod  sit  pejoribus  ortus, 
Hic  tibi  sit  po:lus  quam  tu  mirabiiis  iJJi. 
Quidquid  sub  terra  est,  in  apricum  proferet  aetas ; 
Detbdijt  condetque  nitentia.     Q,uum  bene  iiotum  25 

Porticus  Agrippa3  et  via  te  conspeserit  Appi, 
Ire  tamen  restat  Numa  quo  de.enit  et  Ancus. 
Si  latus  aiit  renes  morbo  tentantur  acuto, 
Qunere  fugam  n:orbi.     Vis  recte  vivere?  quis  non? 
Si  virtus  hoc  una  potest  dare,  fortis  ojiiissis  30 

Hoc  age  deliciis.     Virtutem  verba  putes,  ut 
Lucu-ii  ligna?  cave  ne  portus  occupet  alter, 
Ne  Cibyratica,  ne  Bithyna  negotia  perdas. 
JVIilie  talenta  rotundentur,  totidem  altera;  porro  et 
Tertia  siccedant,  et  quje  pars  quadret  acervum.  35 

Scilicet  uxorem  cum  dote,  fidemque,  et  amicos, 
Et  {-enus,  et  formam,  regina  pecunia.  donat: 
Ac  bene  nummatum  decorat  Suadela  Venusque. 
Mancipiis  locuples  eget  seris  Cappadocum  rex : 
Ne  fueris  hic  tu,     Chlamydes  Lucullus,  ut  aiunt,  40 


152  Q.  HORATIl  FLACCI 

Si  posset  centum  scenae  prsebere  rogatus, 

"  Q,ui  possum  tot?"  ait :  "  tamen  et  qua^ram,  et  quot  habebo 

Mittam."     Post  paulo  scribit  sibi  millia  quinque 

Esse  domi  chlamyduiA  ;  partem,  vel  tolleret  omnes. 

Exilis  domus  est,  ubi  non  et  inulta  supersunt,  45 

Et  dominum  fallunt,  et  prosunt  furibus.     Ergo, 

Si  res  sola  potest  facere  et  servare  beatum, 

Hoc  primus  repetas  opus,  hoc  postremus  omittas. 

Si  fortunatum  species  et  gratia  praestat, 

Mercemur  servum  qui  dictet  nomina,  Isevum  50 

Qui  fodicet  latus,  et  cogat  trans  pondera  dextram 

Porrigere :  "  Hic  muhum  in  Fabia  valet,  ilJe  Vehna : 

Cuihbet  hic  fasces  dabit ;  eripietque  curule, 

Cui  volet,  importunus,  ebur  :  '  Frater,'  '  Patet,'  adde ; 

Ut  cuique  est  aetas,  ita  quemque  facetus  adopta."  55 

Si,  bene  qui  ccenat,  bene  vivit;  lucet,  eamus 

Q,u6  ducit  gula  :  piscemur,  venemur  ;  ut  olim 

Gargihus,  qui  mane  plagas,  venabula,  servos, 

Ditfertum  transire  forum  populumque  jubebat, 

Unus  ut  e  mukis,  populo  spectante,  referret  60 

Emptum  mulus  aprum.     Crudi  tumidique  lavemur, 

duid  deceat,  quid  non,  obiiti,  Caerite  cera 

Digni,  remigium  vitiosum  Ithacensis  Ulyssei, 

Cui  potior  patria  fuit  interdicta  voluptas. 

Si,  Mimnermus  uti  censet,  sine  amore  jocisque  65 

Nil  est  jucundum  ;  vivas  in  amore  jocisque. 

Vive,  vale :  si  quid  novisti  rectius  istis, 
Candidus  imperti ;  si  non,  his  utere  mecura. 


EPISTOLA  VII. 

AD  MiECENATEM. 


duiNQUE  dies  tibi  pohicitus  me  rure  futurum, 

Sextilem  totum  mendax  desideror.     Atqui, 

Si  me  vivere  vis,  recteque  videre  valentem, 

Quam  mihi  das  aegro,  dabis  ajgrotare  timenti, 

Msecenas,  veniam  ;  dum  ficus  prima  calorque  5 

Designatorem  decorat  hctoribus  atris; 

Dum  pueris  omnis  pater  et  matercula  pallet ; 

Officiosaque  seduhtas  et  opeha  forensis 

Adducit  febres  et  testamenta  resignat. 

Quod  si  bruma  nives  Albanis  ihinet  agris,  10 


V, 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  7.  153 

Ad  niare  descendet  vates  tuus,  et  sibi  parcet, 
Coatractusque  ie get ;  te,  dulcis  ainice,  reviset  -    *)^ 

Cum  Zephyris,  si  conciedes,  et  iiirundine  prima. 

Non,  t;uj  more  pyns  vesci  C.daber  jubet  hospes, 
Ta  ni3  recisti  la^apleteai.     "  Vescere,  sodes." —  15 

'*  Jam  satis  esi."— "  At  tu  qu.intuaivis  tolJe.'— "  Benigne.- 
"  Nun  in/isa  leres  pueris  maauscula  parvis."— 
**  TaiU  teneo;  dono,  qaam  si  dimittar  onustus." — 
"  Ut  hbat:  h^c  pOiCis  iiodie  co.nedenda  rehnquis." 
Prodi^as  et  stuitas  donat  qaae  spernit  et  odit.  20 

HiEc  se  res  m  Tatos  tuht,  ei  feret  omnibus  annis. 
Vir  bonas  et  sapiens  di^nis  ait  esse  paratus; 
Nec  tamen  ignorat  qaid  distent  a^ra  Jupinis. 
DiJ"na;n  praistabo  me  etiim  pro  laude  merentis. 
Q,jod  si  ina  noles  usqa^m  discedere,  reddes  25 

Forte  latus,  nigros  angusta  ironte  capiJIos ; 
Reddes  daJce  loqni ;  reddes  ridere  decorum. 

Forte  par  an^uatam  tenuis  nitedula  rirnam 
Repserat  in  cuaieram  frumenti  j-  pastaqiie  rursus 
Ire  foras  pieno  tendebat  corpore  Irustra.  30 

Cui  masteJa  procul,  "  Si  vis,"  ait,  "  effugere  isthinc, 
Macra  cav^UiU  repetes  arcLuin,  quem  macra  subisti." 
Hac  ejo  si  co.npeJJor  imagine,  cuncta  resigno  : 
Nec  so.nnum  plebis  laudo,  satur  altilium ;  uec 
[)tia<Jivitiis  Arabum  iibemma  muto.  35 

Saepe  vere^undum  laudasti ;    Rexque  Paterque 
Aadisti  corarn  ;  nec  verbo  parciijs  abseris  : 
Inspice  si  possuin  donata  reponere  laetus. 
Haad  male  Toleinachus,  proles  patientis  Ulyssei : 
"  Non  est  aptus  equis  Itiiace  locus ;  ut  neque  plauis         40 
Porrectds  spatiis,  neque  multae  j>rodigus  lierbaB  : 
Atride,  mAgis  apta  tibi  tua  dona  reiinquam." 
Parvan  parva  decent :  mihi  jain  non  regia  Roma, 
Sed  vacaum  Tiour  pJacet,  aut  imbelJe  Tarentuni. 

Saenaus  et  ibrtis,  causisqae  PhiJippus  agendis  45 

Clarus,  ab  Oiticiis  octavam  circiter  horaiii 
Dam  redit,  at([ae  foro  nimium  distare  Carinas 
Jain  grandiS  nata  qaeritur,  coiiijpexit,  ut  aiunt, 
Adrasaai  quendam  vacua  tonsoris  in  umbra, 
Caltello  proprios  purgantem  ieniter  ungues.  50 

"  Demetr;,"  (puer  hic  noii  laive  jussa  Philippi 
Accipiebat,)  "  abi  ;  qaaere  et  refer,  unde  domo,  quis, 
Cajas  fortunai ;  quo  sit  patre,  quove  patrono." 
It,  redit,  et  narrat:  Vulteium  nomine  Menam, 


154  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Praeconem,  tenui  censu,  sine  crimine  notum ;  55 

^   Et  properare  loco,  et  cessare,  et  quaerere,  et  uti, 
Gaudentem  parvisque  sodalibus  et  Jare  certo, 
Et  ludis,  et,  post  decisa  negotia,  Campo. 
*'  Scitari  libet  ex  ipso  quaecunque  refers :  dic 
Ad  coenam  veniat."     Non  sane  credere  Mena  :  60 

Mirari  secum  tacitus.     Quid  multa  ?  "  Benigne," 
Respondet.     "  Neget  ille  mihi  ?"  "  Negat  improbus,  et  te 
Negligit,  aut  horret."     Vulteium  manc  PhiHppus 
Vilia  vendentem  tunicato  scruta  popelio 
Occupat,  et  salvere  jubet  prior.     UJe  PhiJippo  65 

Excusare  iaborem  et  mercenaria  vincJa, 
Quod  non  mane  domum  venisse*;  denique,  quod  non 
Providisset  eum.     "  Sic  ignovisse  putato 
Me  tibi,  si  coenas  hodie  mecum."     "  Ut  libet."     "  Ergo 
Post  nonam  venies  :  nunc  i,  rem  strenuus  auge."  70 

Ut  ventum  ad  coenam  est,  dicenda  tacenda  locutus, 
Tandem  dormitum  dimittitur.     Hic,  ubi  sa^pe 
Occultum  visus  decurrere  piscis  ad  hamum, 
Mane  cliens,  et  jam  certus  conviva,  jubetur 
Rura  suburbana  indictis  comes  ire  Latinis.  75 

Impositus  mannis  arvum  coelumque  Sabinum 
Non  cessat  laudare.     Videt,  ridetque  Philippus : 
Et,  sibi  dum  requiem,  dum  risus  undique  quaerit, 
Dum  septem  donat  sestertia,  mutua  septem 
Promittit,  persuadet  uti  mercetur  ageJJum.  80 

Mercatur :  ne  te  Jongis  ambagibus  uJtra 
Quam  satis  est  morer  ;  ex  nitido  fit  rusticus,  atque 
Sulcos  et  vineta  crepat  mera,  praeparat  ulmos, 
Immoritur  studiis,  et  amore  senescit  habendi. 
Verum  ubi  oves  furto,  morbo  periere  capellae,  85 

Spem  mentita  seges,  bos  est  enectus  arando ; 
Offensus  damnis,  media  de  nocte  caballum 
Arripit,  iratusque  PhiJippi  tendit  ad  sedes. 
Quem  simul  aspexit  scal^rum  intonsumque  Philippus, 
"  Durus,"  ait,  "  Vultei,  nimis  attentusque  videris  90 

Esse  mihi."     "  Pol,  me  miserum,  patrone,  vocares, 
Si  velles,"  inquit,  "  veruni  mihi  ponere  nomen. 
Q,uod  te  per  Genium,  dextramque,  deosque  Penates 
Obsecro  et  obtestor,  vitae  me  redde  priori." 

Q,ui  semel  aspexit  quantum  dimissa  petitis  95 

Praestent,  mature  redent,  repetatque  reJicta. 
Metiri  se  quemque  suo  moduJo  ac  pede  verum  esl. 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  8.  9.  1.55 

EPISTOLA  VIII. 

AD  CELSUM  ALBINOVANUM.  ■ 

Celso  gaudere  et  bene  rem  gerere  Albinovano, 

Musa  rogata,  refer,  comiti  scribseque  Neronis. 

Si  quaeret  quid  agam  ;  dic,  multa  et  pulchra  minantem, 

Vivere  nec  recte,  nec  suaviter  :  haud  quia  grando 

Contuderit  vites,  oleamve  momorderit  aestus ;  5 

Nec  quia  longinquis  armentum  aegrotet  in  arvis ; 

Sed  quia,  mente  minus  validus  quam  corpore  toto, 

Nil  audire  velim,  nil  discere,  quod  levet  aegrum ; 

Fidis  offendar  medicis,  irascar  amicis, 

Cur  me  funesto  properent  arcere  veterno ;  10 

Q,use  nocuere  sequar ;  fugiam  quae  profore  credam ; 

Romse  Tibur  amem  ventosus,  Tibure  Romam. 

Post  haec,  ut  valeat,  quo  pacto  rem  gerat  et  se, 

Ut  placeat  juveni,  percontare,  utque  cohorti. 

Si  dicet,  "  Recte  "  :  primum  gaudere  ;  subinde  15 

Praeceptum  auriculis  hoc  instillare  memento  : 

"  Ut  tu  fortunam,  sic  nos  te,  Celse,  feremus." 


EPISTOLA  IX. 

AD  CLAUDIUM  NERONEM. 


Septimius,  Claudi,  nimirum  intelligit  unus 

Quanti  me  facias  :  nam,  quum  rogat,  et  prece  cogit 

Scilicet,  ut  tibi  se  laudare  et  tradere  coner, 

Dignum  mente  domoque  legentis  honesta  Neronis ; 

Munere  quum  fungi  propioris  censet  amici ;  5 

Quid  possim  videt  ac  novit  me  valdius  ipso. 

Multa  quidem  dixi  cur  excusatus  abirem  ; 

Sed  timui  mea  ne  finxisse  minora  putarer, 

Dissimulator  opis  propriae,  mihi  commodus  uni. 

Sic  ego,  majoris  fugiens  opprobria  culpae,  10 

Frontis  ad  urbanae  descendi  praemia.     Q,u6d  si 

Depositum  laudas  ob  amici  jussa  pudorem, 

Scribe  tui  gregis  hunc,  et  fortem  crede  bonumque. 


156  Q-  HORATll  FLACCI 

EPISTOLA  X. 

AD  FUSCUM  ARISTIUM. 

Urbts  aniatorem  Fuscum  salvere  jubemus- 

Ruris  airatores  ;   liac  in  re  scilicet  una 

Multum  dissimiles,  ad  cfEtera  pene  cremelli. 

Fraternis  animis,  quidquid  negat  alter,  et  alter : 

Annuimus  pariter,  vetuli  notique  cohimbi;  5 

Tu  nidum  servas,  ego  laudo  ruris  amcRui 

Rivos,  et  musco  circumlita  saxa,  nemusque. 

Quid  quaeris  ?  vivo,  et  regno,  simul  ista  reliqui 

Q,uaB  vos  ad  ccelum  efFertis  rumore  secundo: 

Utque  sacerdotis  fugitivus,  liba  recuso ;  10 

Pane  egeo,  iam  mellitis  potiore  placentis. 

Vivere  natura?  si  convenienter  oportet, 
Ponendaeque  domo  quicrenda  est  area  primum  ; 
Novistine  locum  potiorem  rure  beato  ? 

Est  ubi  pliis  tepeant  hiemes  ?  ubi  gratior  aura  15 

Leniat  et  rabiem  Canis,  et  momenta  Leonis, 
•    Quum  semel  accepit  solem  furibundus  acutura  ? 
Est  ubi  divellat  somnos  minus  invida  cura  i 
Det.erius  Libycis  olet  aut  nitet  herba  lapilhs  ? 
Purior  in  vicis  aqua  tendit  ru!i*pcrc  plumbum,  20 

Q,uam  quae  per  pronum  trepidat  cum  murmure  rivum  I 
Nempe  inter  varias  nutrilur  silva  coiumnas, 
Laudaturque  domus  longos  quae  prospicit  agros. 
Naturam  expelles  fuica,  tamen  usque  recurret, 
Et  mala  perrumpet  furtim  fastidia  victrix/J  25 

Non,  qui  Sidonio  contendere  callidus  ostro 
Nescit  Aquinatem  potantia  vellera  fucum, 
Certius  accipiet  daninum  propiusve  mcdullis, 
Quam  qui  nou  poterit  vero  di^^tinguere  falsum. 
Quem  res  plus  niinio  delectavere  secundae,  30 

MutatEB  quatient.     Si  qjid  mirabere,  pones 
Invitus.     Fuge  magna;  hcet  sub  paupere  tecto 
Reges  et  regum  vita  prajcurrere  aniicos. 

Cervus  equum  pugna  melior  communibus  herbis 
Pellebat,  donec  minor  in  certamine  longo  35 

Imploravit  opes  hominis,  f.-ajnumque  recepit : 
Sed,  posttjuam  victor  vioiens  discessit  ab  hoste, 
Non  equitem  dorso,  non  fraenum  depulit  ore. 
Sic  qui,  pauperiem  veritus,  potiore  metalhs 
Libertate  caret,  dominum  vehet  improbus,  atque  40 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  11.  157 

Serviet  aeternum,  quia  parvo  nesciet  uti. 
Cui  non  conveniet  sua  res,  ut  calceus  olim,  S^J^ 

Si  pede  major  erit,  subvertet ;  si  minor,  uret. 
LaBtus  sorte  tua  vives  sapienter,  Aristi ; 
Nec  me  dimittes  incastigatum,  ubi  plura  45 

Cogere  quam  satis  est,  ac  non  cessare,  videbor. 
Imperat  aut  servit  collecta  pecunia  cuique, 
Tortum  digna  sequi  potius,  quam  ducere,  funem. 
Hsec  tibi  dictabam  post  fanum  putre  Vacunae, 
Excepto  quod  non  simul  esses,  caetera  laetus.  50 


EPISTOLA  XI. 

AD  BULLATIUM. 


duiD  tibi  visa  Chios,  Bullati,  notaque  Lesbos? 
duid  concinna  Samos?  quid  Crcesi  regia  Sardis? 
Smyrna  quid,  et  Colophon  ?  majora  minorave  fama  ? 
Cunctaque  prae  Campo  et  Tiberino  flumine  sordent? 
An  venit  in  votum  Attalicis  ex  urbibus  una  ?  5 

An  Lebedum  laudas,  odio  maris  atque  viarum  ? — 
Scis  Lebedus  quid  sit;  Gabiis  desertior  atque 
Fidenis  vicus  :  tamen  ilUc  vivere  vellem ; 
Oblitusque  meorum,  obliviscendus  et  ilHs, 
Neptunum  procul  e  terra  spectare  furentem. —  10 

Sed  neque  qui  Capua  Romam  petit,  imbre  lutoque 
Aspersus,  volet  in  caupbna  vivere  :  nec,  qui 
Frigus  collegit,  furnos  et  balnea  laudat, 
Ut  fortunatam  plene  praestantia  vitam  : 
Nec,  si  te  validus  jactaverit  Auster  in  alto,  15 

Idcirco  navem  trans  iEo-aeum  mare  vendas. 
Incolumi  Rhodos  et  Mitylene  pulchra  facit,  quod 
Paenula  solstitio,  campestre  nivalibus  aufis, 
Per  brumam  Tiberis,  Sextili  mense  caminus. 
Dum  licet,  et  vultum  servat  Fortuna  benignum,  20 

Romae  laudetur  Samos,  et  Chios,  et  Rhodos  absens. 
Tu,  quamcunque  deus  tibi  fortunaverit  horam, 
Grata  sume  manu  ;  neu  dulcia  differ  in  annum, 
Ut,  quocunque  loco  fueris,  vixisse  hbenter 
Te  dicas  :  nam  si  ratio  et  prudentia  curas,  25 

Non  locus  effusi  late  maris  arbiter,  aufert ; 
14 


158  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

CGelum,  non  animum,  mutant,  qui  trans  mare  currunt. 
Strenua  nos  exercet  inertia  :  navibus  atque 
duadrigis  petimus  bene  vivere.     duod  petis,  hic  est, 
Est  Ulubris,  animus  si  te  non  deficit  aequus.  30 


EPISTOLA  XII. 

AD   ICCIUM.  "    '  ' 

Fructibus  Agrippae  Siculis,  quos  colligis,  Icci, 

Si  recte  frueris,  non  est  ut  copia  major 

Ab  Jove  donari  possit  tibi :  tolle  querelas ; 

Pauper  enim  non  est,  cui  rerum  suppetit  usus. 

Si  ventri  bene,  si  lateri  est  pedibusque  tuis,  nil  5 

Divitiae  poterunt  regales  addere  majus. 

Si  forte  in  medio  positorum  abstemius  herbis 

Vivis  et  urtica,  sic  vives  protinus,  ut  te 

Confestim  liquidus  Fortunae  rivus  inauret : 

Vel  quia  naturam  mutare  pecunia  nescit ;  10 

Vel  quia  cuncta  putas  una  virtute  minora, 

Miramur  si  Democriti  pecus  edit  agellos 

Cultaque,  dum  peregre  est  animus  sine  corpore  velox ; 

duum  tu,  inter  scabiem  tantam  et  contagia  lucri, 

Nil  parvum  sapias,  et  adhuc  sublimia  cures,  15 

duae  mare  compescant  causae,  quid  temperet  annum ; 

Stellae  sponte  sua  jussaene  vagentur  et  errent ; 

Q,uid  premat  obscurum  lunae,  quid  proferat,  orbem ; 

Quid  velit  et  possit  rerum  concordia  discors; 

Empedocles,  an  Stertinium  deliret  acuraen?  20 

Verum,  seu  pisces,  seu  porrum  et  caepe  trucidas, 
Utere  Pompeio  Grospho  ;  et,  si  quid  petet,  ultro 
Defer :  nil  Grosphus  nisi  verum  orabit  et  ajquura. 
Vilis  amicorum  est  annona,  bonis  ubi  quid  deest. 

Ne  tamen  ignores  quo  sit  Romana  loco  res  :  25 

Cantaber  Agrippae,  Claudi  virtute  Neronis 
Armenius  cecidit:  jus  imperiumque  Phraates 
Caesaris  accepit  genibus  minor  :  aurea  fruges 
Italiae  pleno  diflfudit  Copia  cornu. 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  13.  14.  159 

EPISTOLA   XIII. 

AD  VINIUM  ASELLAM. 

Ut  proficiscentem  docui  te  saepe  diuque, 

Augusto  reddes  signata  volumina,  Vini, 

Si  validus,  si  laetus  erit,  si  denique  poscet ; 

Ne  studio  nostri  pecces,  odiumque  libellis 

Sedulus  importes  opera  vehemente  minister.  6 

Si  te  forte  meae  gravis  uret  sarcina  chartae, 

Abjicito  potius,  quam  quo  perferre  juberis 

Clitellas  ferus  impingas,  Asinaeque  paternum 

Cognomen  vertas  in  risum,  et  fabula  fias. 

Viribus  uteris  per  clivos,  flumina,  lamas.  10 

Victor  propositi  simul  ac  perveneris  illuc, 

Sic  positum  servabis  onus,  ne  forte  sub  ala 

Fasciculum  portes  librorum,  ut  rusticus  agnum, 

Ut  vinosa  glomos  furtivae  Pyrrhia  lanae, 

Ut  cum  pileolo  soleas  conviva  tribulis.  15 

Ne  vuloro  narres  te  sudavisse  ferendo 

Carmina  quae  possint  oculos  auresque  morari 

Caesaris :  oratus  multa  prece,  nitere  porro. 

Vade,  vale ;  cave  ne  titubes,  mandataque  frangas. 


EPISTOLA   XIV. 

AD  VILLICUM  SUUM. 


ViLLicE  silvarum  et  mihi  me  reddentis  agelli, 

duem  tu  fastidis,  habitatum  quinque  focis,  et 

Quinque  bonos  solitum  Variam  dimittere  patres ; 

Certemus,  spinas  animone  ego  fortius,  an  tu 

Evellas  agro ;  et  melior  sit  Horatius,  an  res.  5 

Me  quamvis  Lamiae  pietas  et  cura  moratur, 
Fratrem  moerentis,  rapto  de  fratre  dolentis 
Insoiabiliter  ;  tamen  isthuc  mens  animusque 
Fert,  et  amat  spatiis  obstantia  rumpere  claustra. 
Rure  ego  viventem,  tu  dicis  in  urbe,  beatum :  10 

Cui  placet  alterius,  sua  nimirum  est  odio  sors. 
Stultus  uterque  locum  immeritum  causatur  inique ; 
In  culpa  est  animus,  qui  se  non  effugit  unquam. 
Tu  mediastinus  tacita  prece  rura  petebas, 
Nunc  urbem  et  ludos  et  balnea  villicus  optas:  15 


160  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Me  constare  mihi  scis,  et  discedcre  tristem, 

Quandocunque  trahunt  invisa  negotia  Romam 

Non  eadem  miramur  :  eo  disconvenit  inter 

Meque  et  te  :  nam,  quae  deserta  et  inliospita  tesqua 

Credis,  amoena  vocat  mecum  qui  sentit,  et  odit  20 

Q,UcB  tu  pulchra  putas,     Fornix  tibi  et  uncta  popina 

Incutiunt  urbis  desiderium,  video;  et  quod 

Angulus  iste  feret  piper  et  thus  ociijs  uva : 

Nec  vicina  subest,  vinum  priebere  taberna 

Q,uae  possit  tibi  ;  nec  meretrix  tibicina,  cujus  25 

Ad  strepitum  sahas  terrae  gravis.     Et  tamen  urges 

Jampridem  non  tacta  ligonibus  arva,  bovemque 

Disjunctum  curas,  et  strictis  frondibus  exples : 

Addit  opus  pigro  rivus,  si  decidit  imber, 

Multa  mole  docendus  aprico  parcere  prato.  30 

Nunc,  age,  quid  nostrum  concentum  dividat,  audi, 
duem  tenues  decuere  togae  nitidique  capilli, 
Q,uem  nosti  bibulum  media  de  luce  Falerni, 
Ccena  brevis  juvat,  et  prope  rivum  sonmus  in  herba : 
Nec  lusisse  pudet,  sed  non  incidere  ludum.  35 

Non  isthic  obliquo  oculo  mea  commoda  quisquam 
Limat ;  non  odio  obscuro  morsuque  venenat. 
Rident  vicini  glebas  et  saxa  moventem. 
Cum  servis  urbana  diaria  rodere  mavis  ; 
Horum  tu  in  numerum  voto  ruis.     Invidet  usum  40 

Lignorum  et  pecoris  tibi  calo  argutus  et  horti. 
Optat  ephippia  bos  piger  ;  optat  arare  caballus. 
Quam  scit  uterque,  hbens,  censebo,  exerceat  artem. 


EPISTOLA  XV. 

AD  NUMONIUM  V/LAM. 


QuAE  sit  hiems  Velia',  quod  ccelum,  Vala,  Salerni, 

Quorum  hominum  regio,  et  quahs  via  :  (nam  mihi  Baias 

Musa  supervacuas  Antonius,  et  tamen  illis 

Me  facit  invisum,  gelida  quum  perluor  unda 

Per  medium  frigus  :   sane  myrteta  relinqui,  ^    5 

Dictaque  cessantem  nervis  clidere  morbum 

Sulphura  contemni,  vicus  gemit,  invidus  segris 

Q,ui  caput  et  stoniachuin  supponere  fontibus  audent 

Clusinis,  Gabiosque  petunt  et  frigida  rura  : 

Mutandus  locus  est,  et  diversoria  nota  10 


EPISTOLAKUM  LIB.  L  16.  161 

Practeragendus  equus  :  "  Q,u6  tendis  ?  non  mihi  Cumas 

Est  iter,  aut  Baias,"  IsBva  stomachosus  habena 

Dicet  eques :  sed  equis  frsenato  est  auris  in  ore :) 

Major  utru?7i  populum  frumenti  copia  pascat; 

Collectosne  bibant  imbres,  puteosne  perennes  15 

Jugis  aquae  :   (nam  vina  nihil  moror  illius  orae  : 

Rure  meo  possum  quidvis  perferre  patique  ; 

Ad  mare  quum  veni,  generosum  et  lene  requiro, 

Quod  curas  abigat,  quod  cum  spe  divite  manet 

In  venas  animumque  meum,  quod  verba  ministret.)  20 

Tractus  uter  plures  lepores,  uter  educet  apros; 

Utra  magis  pisces  et  echinos  aequora  celent ; 

Pinguis  ut  inde  domum  possim  Phaeaxque  reverti : 

Scribere  te  nobis,  tihi  nos  accredere,  par  est. 

M:Enius,  ut,  rebu  ;  maternis  atque  paternis  25 

Fortiter  absumptis,  urbanus  coepit  haberi, 
Scurra  vagus,  non  qui  certum  praesepe  teneret, 
Impransus  non  qui  civem  dignosceret  hoste, 
Quaehbet  in  quemvis  opprobria  fingere  saevus, 
Pernicies  et  tempestas  barathrumque  macelli,  30 

duidquid  quaesierat,  ventri  donabat  avaro. 
Hic,  ubi  nequitiae  fautoribus  et  timidis  nil 
Aut  pauhim  abstulerat,  patinas  ccenabat  omasi, 
Vihs  et  agninae,  tribus  ursis  quod  satis  esset; 
Scilicet  ut  ventres  lamna  candente  nepotum  35 

Diceret  urendos,  corrector  Bestius.      Idem 
duidquid  erat  nactus  praediie  niajoris,  ubi  omne 
Verterat  in  fumum  et  cinerera,  "  Non  hercule  miror," 
Aiebat,  "  si  qui  comedunt  bona,  quum  sit  obeso 
Nil  mehus  turdo,  nil  vulva  pulchrius  ampla."  40 

Nimirum  hic  ego  sum  ;  nam  tuta  et  parvula  laudo, 
Quum  res  deficiimt,  satis  inter  vilia  fortis : 
Verum,  ubi  quid  meHus  contingit  et  unctius,  idem 
Vos  sapere  et  solos  aio  bene  vivere,  quorum 
Conspicitur  nitidis  fundata  pecunia  villis.  4L5 


EPISTOLA  XVI. 

AD  QUINCTIUM. 


Ne  perconteris,  fundus  meus,  optime  duincti, 
Arvo  pascat  herum,  an  baccis  opulentet  olivaa, 
14* 


102  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Pomisne,  an  pratis,  an  amicta  vitibus  ulmo ; 
Scribetur  tibi  forrna  loquaciter  et  situs  agri. 

Contiuui  montes,  nisi  dissocientur  opaca  5 

Valle  ;  sed  ut  veriiens  dextrum  latus  aspiciat  sol, 
Laevuui  decedens  curru  fugiente  vaporet. 
Temperiem  laudes.     Q,uid,  si  rubicunda  benigne 
Corna  vepres  et  pruna  ferunt  ?  si  qnercus  et  ilex 
Multa  fruge  pecus,  multa  dominum  juvat  umbra  ?  10 

Dicas  adductum  propius  frondere  Tarentum. 
Fons  etiam,  rivo  dare  nomen  idoneus,  ut  nec 
Frigidior  Thracam  nec  purior  ambiat  Hebrus, 
Infirmo  capiti  fluit  utilis,  utilis  alvo. 

Hae  latebree  dulces,  et  jam,  si  credis,  amcenae,  15 

Incolumem  tibi  me  praestant  septembribus  horis. 

Tu  recte  vivis,  si  curas  esse  quod  audis  : 
Jactamus  jampridein  omnis  te  Roma  beatum. 
Sed  vereor  ne  cui  de  te  pliis  quam  tibi  credas; 
Neve  putes  alium  sapiente  bonoque  beatum ;  20 

Neu,  si  te  populus  sanum  recteque  valentem 
Dictitet,  occultam  febrem  sub  tempus  edendi 
Dissimules,  donec  manibus  tremor  incidat  unctis. 
Stultorum  incurata  pudor  malus  ulcera  celat. 
Si  quis  bella  tibi  terra  pugnata  marique  25 

Dicat,  et  his  verbis  vacuas  permulceat  aures, 
"  Tene  magis  salvum  populus  velit,  an  populum  tu, 
^ervet  in  ambiguo,  qui  consulit  et  tibi  et  urbi, 
Jupiter ;"  Augusti  laudes  agnoscere  possis. 
Q,uum  pateris  sapiens  emendatusque  vocari,  30 

Respondesne  tuo,  dic  sodes,  nomine  ? — Nempe 
Vir  bonus  et  prudens  dici  delector. — Ego,  ac  tu. 
Q,ui  dedit  hoc  hodie,  cras,  si  volet,  auferet ;  ut,  si 
Detuleril  fasces  indigno,  detrahet  idem. 
"  Pone,  meum  est,"  inquit.     Pono,  tristisque  recedo.        35 
Idem  si  clamet  furem,  neget  esse  pudicum, 
Contendat  laqueo  collum  pressisse  paternum  ; 
Mordear  opj)robriis  falsis,  muteujve  colorem? 
Falsus  honor  juval  et  mendax  infamia  terret 
Quem,  nisi    mcndosum  et    medicandum  ?     Vir  bonus  est 

quis  ?  40 

Qui  consulta  patrum,  qui  leges  juraque  servat ; 
Quo  muItEB  magniL'(jue  secantur  judice  litcs; 
Quo  res  sponsore  et  quo  causre  teste  tenentur. 
Sed  videt  hunc  onmis  domus  et  vicinia  tota 
Introrsum  turpem,  speciosum  pelle  decora.  46 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  17.  160 

"  Nec  furtum  feci,  nec  fugi,"  si  mihi  dicat 

Servus  :   "  Habes  pretium,  loris  non  ureris,"  aio. 

"  Non  hominem  occidi."     "  Non  pasces  in  cruce  corvos." 

"  Sum  bonus  et  frugi."     Renuit  negat  atque  Sabellus  : 

**  Cautus  enim  metuit  foveam  lupus,  accipiterque  50 

Suspectos  laqueos,  et  opertum  miiuus  hamum. 

Oderunt  peccare  boni  virtutis  amore  ; 

Tu  nihil  admittes  in  te  formidine  poenae. 

Sit  spes  fallendi,  miscebis  sacra  profanis. 

Nam  de  mille  fabje  modiis  quum  surripis  unum,  55 

Damnum  est,  non  facinus,  mihi  pacto  lenius  isto." 

Vir  bonus,  omne  forum  quem  spectat  et  omne  tribunal, 

Quandocunque  deos  vel  porco  vel  bove  placat, 

"  Jane  pater"  clare,  clare  quum  dixit  "  ApoIIo"; 

Labra  movet,  metuens  audiri :   "  Pulchra  Laverna,  60 

Da  mihi  fallere,  da  justum  sanctumque  videri 

Noctem  peccatis  et  fraudibus  objice  nubem." 

Q,ui  melior  servo,  qui  liberior  sit  a^^arus, 

In  triviis  fixum  quum  se  demittit  ob  assem, 

Non  video  :  nam  qui  cupiet,  metuet  quoque  ;  porro,  65 

Qui  metuens  vivit,  liber  mihi  non  erit  unquam. 

Perdidit  arma,  locum  virtutis  deseruit,  qui 

Semper  in  augenda  festinat  et  obruitur  re. 

Vendere  quum  possis  captivum,  occidere  noli : 

Serviet  utiliter  :  sine  pascat  durus  aretque  ;  70 

Naviget  ac  mediis  hiemet  mercator  in  undis; 

Annonae  prosit ;  portet  frumenta  penusque 

Vir  bonus  et  sapiens  audebit  dicere  :  "  Pentheu, 
Rector  Thebarum,  quid  me  perferre  patique 
Indignum  coges  ?"     "  Adimam  bona."     "  Nempe  pecus, 
rem,  75 

Lectos,  argentum :  tollas  licet."     "  In  manicis  et 
Compedibus  saevo  te  sub  custode  tenebo." 
"  Ipse  deus,  simul  atquc  volam,  me  solvet."     Opinor, 
IIoc  sentit,  "  Moriar"  ;  mors  ultima  linea  rerum  est. 


EPISTOLA  XVn. 

AD  SCiEVAM. 


QuAMVis,  ScsEva,  satis  per  te  tibi  consulis,  et  scis 

Quo  tandem  pacto  deceat  majoribus  uti, 

Disce,  docendus  adhuc,  quae  censet  amiculus  ;  ut  si 


16,1  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Caecus  iter  monstrare  velit:  tamen  aspice  si  quid 

Et  nos.  quod  cures  proprium  fecisse,  lo(iuamur.  5 

Si  te  grata  quies  et  primaiu  somnus  in  horam 
Delectat;  si  te  pulvis  strepitusque  rotarum, 
Si  laedit  caupona,  Ferentinum  ire  jubebo : 
Nam  ncque  divitibus  contingunt  gaudia  solis; 
Nec  vixit  male,  qui  natus  moriens(iuc  tefeilit.  10 

Si  prodesse  tuis,  pauloque  benignius  ipsum 
Te  tractare  voles,  accedes  siccus  ad  unctum. 
**  Si  pranderet  olus  patienter,  regibus  uti 
NoUet  Aristippus."     "  Si  sciret  regibus  uti, 
Fastidiret  olus,  qui  me  notat."     Utrius  horura  15 

Verba  probes  et  facta,  doce  ;  vel  junior  audi 
Cur  sit  Aristippi  pcjtior  sententia.     Namque 
Mordacem  Cynicum  sic  eludebat,  ut  aiunt : 
"  Scurror  ego  ipse  mihi,  popuJo  tu ;  rectius  hoc  et 
Splendidius  muko  est :  equus  ut  me  portet,  alat  rex,         20 
Officium  facio ;  tu  poscis  vilia  rerum, 
Dante  minor,  quamvis  fers  te  nullius  egentem." 
Omnis  Aristippum  decuit  color  et  status  et  res, 
Tentantem  majora,  fere  praisentibus  aBquum. 
Contra,  quem  duplici  panno  patientia  velat,  25 

Mirabor,  vitae  via  si  conversa  decebit. 
Alter  purpureum  non  exspectabit  amictum, 
Quidlibet  indutus  celeberrima  per  loca  vadet, 
Personamque  feret  non  inconcinnus  utramque : 
Alter  Mileti  textam  cane  pejus  et  angue  30 

Vitabit  chlamydem  ;  morietur  frigore,  si  non 
Rettuleris  pannum  :  refer,  et  sine  vivat  ineptus. 

Res  gerere  et  captos  ostendere  civibus  hostes, 
Attingit  solium  Jovis  et  coilestia  tentat : 
Principibus  placuisse  viris,  non  ultima  laus  est.  35 

Non  cuivis  homini  contingit  adire  Corinthum. 
Sedit,  qui  timuit  ne  non  succederet ;  esto  : 
Q,uid?  qui  pervenit,  fecitne  viriliter?  Atqui 
Hic  est,  aut  nusquam,  quod  qua;rimus  :  hic  onus  horret, 
Ut  parvis  animis  ^t  parvo  corpore  majus  ;  40 

Hic  subit  et  perfert.     Aut  virtus  nomen  inane  est, 
Aut  decus  et  pretium  recte  petit  expcriens  vir. 

Coram  rege  sua  de  paupertate  tacentes 
Plus  poscente  fereat.     Distat,  sumasne  pudenter, 
An  rapias :  atcjui  rerum  eaput  hoc  erat,  liic  fons.  45 

"  Indotata  mihi  soror  est,  paupercula  mater, 
Et  fundus  nec  vendibilis,  nec  pascere  furmus," 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  18.  165 

dui  dicit,  clamat,  "  Victum  date."     Succinit  alter  : 

'*  Et  mihi  dividuo  fmdetur  munere  quadra." 

Sed  tacitus  pasci  si  posset  corvus,  haberet  50 

Plus  dapis,  et  rixae  multo  minus,  invidiaeque. 

Brundusium  comes  aut  Surrentum  ductus  amoenum, 
Q,ui  queritur  salebras  et  acerbum  frigus  et  imbres, 
Aut  cistam  effractam  aut  subducta  viatica  plorat, 
Nota  refert  meretricis  acumina,  saepe  catellam,  55 

Saepe  periscelidem  raptam  sibi  flentis  ;  uti  mox 
Nulla  fides  damnis  verisque  doloribus  adsit. 
Nec  semel  irrisus  triviis  attollere  curat 
Fracto  crure  planum  ;  licet  illi  plurima  manet 
Lacryma  ;  per  sanctum  juratus  dicat  Osirim,  60 

"  Credite,  non  iudo  ;  crudeles,  toUite  claudum." 
"  duaere  peregrinum,"  vicinia  rauca  roclamat. 


,      EPISTOLA  XVIII. 

AD    LOLLIUM. 


Si  bene  te  novi,  metues,  liberrime  Lolli, 

Scurrantis  speciem  praebere,  professus  amicum. 

Ut  matrona  meretrici  dispar  erit  atque 

Discolor,  infido  scurrae  distabit  amicus. 

Est  huic  diversum  vitio  vitium  prope  majus,  5 

Asperitas  agrestis  et  inconcinna  gravisque, 

Q,uae  se  commendat  tonsa  cute,  dentibus  atris; 

Dum  vult  libertas  dici  mera,  veraque  virtus. 

Virtus  est  medium  vitiorum  et  utrinque  reductum. 

Alter  in  obsequium  plias  aequo  pronus,  et  imi  10 

Derisor  lecti,  sic  nutum  divitis  horret, 

Sic  iterat  voces,  et  verba  cadentia  tollit, 

Ut  puerum  saevo  credas  dictata  magistro 

Reddere,  vel  partes  mimum  tractare  secundas. 

Alter  rixatur  de  lana  saepe  caprina,  15 

Propugnat  nugis  armatus  :  "  Scilice-t,  ut  non 

Sit  mihi  prima  fides,  et,  vere  quod  placet,  ut  non 

Acriter  elatrem,  pretium  aetas  altera  sordet." 

Ambigitur  quid  enim  ?  Castor  sciat  an  Dolichos  plas; 

Brundusium  Minuci  melius  via  ducat,  an  Appi.  20 

Q,uem  damnosa  Venus,  quem  praeceps  alea  nudat, 
Gloria  quem  supra  vires  et  vestit  et  ungit, 
Q,uem  tenet  argenti  sitis  importuna  famesque. 


166  Q    HORATII  FLACCI 

Q,uem  paupertatis  pudor  et  fuga,  dives  amicus, 

Saepe  decem  vitiis  instructior,  odit  et  horret :  25 

Aut,  si  non  odit,  regit ;  ac,  veluti  pia  mater, 

Plus  quam  se  sapere  et  virtutibus  esse  priorem 

Vult,  et  ait  prope  vera :  "  Meaj  (contendere  noli) 

Stultiiiam  patiuntur  opes ;  tibi  parvula  res  est : 

Arcta  decet  sanum  comitem  toga  ;  desine  mecum  30 

Certare."     Eutrapelus  cuicunque  nocere  volebat 

Vestimenta  dabat  pretiosa.     Beatus  enim  jam 

Cum  pulchris  tunicis  sumet  nova  consilia  et  spes ; 

Dormiet  in  lucem;  scorto  postponet  honestum 

Officium  ;  nummos  alienos  pascet ;  ad  imum  35 

Thrax  erit,  aut  olitoris  aget  mercede  caballum, 

Arcanum  neque  tu  scrutaberis  ulJius  unquam ; 
Commissumque  t3ges,  et  vino  tortus  et  ira. 
Nec  tua  laudabis  studia,  aut  aliena  reprendes; 
Nec,  quum  venari  volet  ille,  poemata  panges.  40 

Gratia  sic  fratrum  geminorum,  Amphionis  atque 
Zethi,  dissiluit,  donec  suspecta  severo 
Conticuit  lyra.     Fraternis   cessisse  putatur 
Moribus  Amphion  :  tu  cede  potentis  amici 
Lenibus  imperiis  ;  quotiesque  educet  in  agros  45 

iEtoIis  onerata  plagis  jumenta  canesque, 
Surge,  et  inhumanae  senium  depone  Camoenae, 
Ccenes  ut  pariter  pulmenta  laboribus  empta. 
Romanis  solemne  viris  opus,  utile  famae, 
Vitaequeet  membris;  praesertim  quum  valeas,  et  50 

Vel  cursu  superare  canem,  vel  viribus  aprum, 
Possis  :  adde,  virilia  quod  speciosiiis  arma 
Non  est  qui  tractet :  scis  quo  clamore  coronPB 
Proelia  sustineas  campestria  :  denique  saevam 
Militiam  puer  etCantabrica  bella  tulisti  65 

Sub  duce  qui  templis  Parthorum  signa  refigit 
Nunc,  et  si  quid  abest,  Italis  adjudicat  armis. 
Ac,  ne  te  retrahas,  et  inexcusabilis  abstes, 
duamvis  nil  extra  numerum  fecisse  modumque 
Curas,  interdum  nugaris  rure  paterno  :  60 

Partitur  lintres  exercitus  ;  Actia  pugna 
Te  duce  per  pueros  hostili  more  refertur ; 
Adversarius  est  frater  ;  lacus,  Hadria  ;  donec 
Alterutrum  velox  victoria  fronde  coronet. 
Consentire  suis  studiis  qui  crediderit  te,  65 

Fautor  utroque  imim  laudabit  pollice  ludum. 

Protinus  ut  moneam,  si  quid  monitoris  eges  tu, 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB    I.  18.  167 

duid  de  quoque  viro,  et  cui  dicas,  saepe  videto. 
Percunctatorem  fugito  ;  nam  garrulus  idem  est, 
Nec  retinent  patulae  commissa  fideiiter  aures;  70 

Et  semel  emissum  volat  irrevocabiJe  verbum. 

Q,ualem  commendes  etiam  atque  etiam  aspice  ;  ne  mox 
Incutiant  aliena  tibi  peccata  pudorem. 
Fallimur,  et  quondam  non  dignum  tradimus :  ergo, 
Quem  sua  culpa  premet,  deceptus  omiite  tueri :  75 

Ut  penitus  notum,  si  tentent  crimina,  serves, 
Tuterisque  tuo  fidentem  prsesidio  ;  qui 
Dente  Theonino  quum  circumroditur,  ecquid 
Ad  te  post  paulo  ventura  pericula  sentis  ? 
Nam  tua  res  agitur,  paries  quum  proximus  ardet;  80 

Et  neglecta  solent  incendia  sumere  vires. 

Dulcis  inexpertis  cultura  potentis  amici ; 
Expertus  metuit.     Tu,  dum  tua  navis  in  alto  est, 
Hoc  age  ne  mutata  retrorsam  te  ferat  aura. 

Oderunt  hilarem  tristes,  tristemque  jocosi ;  85 

Sedatum  celeres,  agilem  gnavumque  remissi : 
Potores  bibuli  media  de  nocte  Falerni 
Oderunt  porrecta  negantem  pocula ;  quamvis 
Nocturnos  jures  te  formidare  vapores. 

Deme  supercilio  nubem :  plerumque  modestus  90 

Occupat  obscuri  speciem,  taciturnus  acerbi. 

Inter  cuncta  leges,  et  percontabere  doctos, 
Qua  ratione  queas  traducere  leniter  aivum  ; 
Ne  te  semper  inops  agitet  vexetque  cupido, 
Ne  pavor,  et  rerum  mediocriter  utilium  spes :  95 

Virtutem  doctrina  paret,  naturane  donet ; 
Q,uid  minuat  curas,  quid  te  tibi  reddat  amicum ; 
Q,uid  pure  tranquillet,  honos,  an  dulce  lucellum, 
An  secretum  iter,  et  fallentis  semita  vitse. 

Me  quoties  reficit  gelidus  Digentia  rivus,  100 

Q,uem  Mandela  bibit,  rugosus  frigore,  pagus, 
Quid  sentire  putas]  quid  credis,  amice,  precari? 
"  Sit  mihi  quod  nunc  est,  etiam  minus :  et  mihi  vivam 
Quod  superest  aevi,  si  quid  superesse  volunt  di : 
Sit  bona  librorum  et  provisae  frugis  in  annum  106 

Copia ;  neu  fluitem  dubiae  spe  pendulus  horae. 
Sed  satis  est  orare  Jovem  quae  donat  et  aufert : 
Det  vitam,  det  opes ;  sequum  mi  animum  ipse  parabo." 


168  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

EPISTOLA  XIX. 

AD  M.ECENATEM. 

Prisco  si  credis,  Maecenas  docte,  Cratino, 

Nulla  placere  diu  nec  vivere  carmina  possunt, 

du^  scribuntur  aquse  potoribus :  ut  male  sanos 

Adscripsit  Liber  Satyris  Faunisque  poetas, 

Vina  fere  dulces  oluerunt  mane  Camoena).  6 

Laudibus  arguitur  vini  vinosus  Homerus : 

Ennius  ipse  pater  nunquam,  nisi  potus,  ad  arma 

Prosiluit  dicenda.     "  Forum  putealque  Libonis 

Mandabo  siccis,  adimam  cantare  severis." 

Hoc  simul  edixit,  non  cessavere  poetae  10 

Nocturno  certare  mero,  putere  diurno. 
Quid,  si  quis  vultu  torvo  ferus  et  pede  nudo 
Exiguseque  togae  simulet  textore  Catonem, 
Virtutemne  repraesentet  moresque  Catonis  ? 
Rupit  larbitam  Timagenis  aemula  lingua,  15 

Dum  studet  urbanus,  tenditque  disertus  haberi. 
Decipit  exemplar  vitiis  imitabile  :  quod  si 
Pallerem  casu,  biberent  exsangue  cuminum. 
O  imitatores,  servum  pecus,  ut  mihi  saepe 
Bilem,  ssepe  jocum,  vestri  movere  tumultus!  20 

Libera  per  vacuum  posui  vestigia  princeps ; 
Non  aliena  meo  pressi  pede.     Qui  sibi  fidit, 
Dux  regit  examen.     Parios  ego  primus  iambos 
Ostendi  Latio,  numcros  animosque  sequutus 
Archilochi,  non  res  et  agentia  verba  Lycamben.  25 

Ac,  ne  me  foliis  ideo  brevioribus  ornes 
Quod  f^mui  mutare  modos  et  carminis  artem, 
Temperat  Archilochi  Musam  pede  mascula  Sappho, 
Temperat  Alcaeus  :  sed  rebus  et  ordine  dispar  ; 
Nec  socerum  quaerit,  quem  versibus  oblinat  atris  ;  30 

Nec  sponsae  laqueum  famoso  carmine  nectit. 
Hunc  ego,  non  aho  dictum  prius  ore,  Latinis 
Vulgavi  fidicen :  juvat  immemorata  ferentem 
Ingenuis  oculisque  legi,  manibusque  teneri. 

Scire  velis  mea  cur  ingratus  opuscula  lector  35 

Laudet  ametque  domi,  premat  extra  limen  iniquus? 
Non  ego  ventosse  plebis  suffragia  venor 
Impensis  cocnarum  et  tritae  munere  vestis ; 
Non  ego,  nobihum  scriptorum  auditor  et  ultor, 
Grammaticas  arabire  tribus  et  pulpita  dignor : 


40 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  I.  20.  169 

Hinc  illae  lacrymae.     Spissis  indigna  theatris 

Scripta  pudet  recitare,  et  nugis  addere  pondus, 

Si  dixi :  "  Rides,"  ait,  "  et  Jovis  auribus  ista 

Servas :  fidis  enim  manare  poetica  mella 

Te  solum,  tibi  pulcher."     Ad  hoec  ego  naribus  uti  45 

Formido  :  et,  luctantis  acuto  ne  secer  ungui, 

"  Disphcet  iste  locus,"  clamo,  et  diladia  posco. 

Ludus  enim  genuit  trepidum  certamen  et  iram, 

Ira  truces  inimicitias  et  funebre  bellum. 


EPISTOLA  XX. 

AD    LIBRUM    SUUM. 


Vertumnum  Janumque,  liber,  spectare  videris ; 

Scilicet  ut  prostes  Sosiorum  pumice  mundus. 

Odisti  ciaves  et  grata  sigilla  pudico : 

Paucis  ostendi  gemis,  et  communia  laudas,A 

Non  ita  nutritus.     Fuge  quo  descendere  gestis  :  5 

Non  erit  emisso  reditus  tibi.     "  Quid  miser  egil 

Quid  volui  ?"  dices,  ubi  quid  te  laeserit  ;     et  scis 

In  breve  te  cogi,  plenus  quum  languet  amator. 

Q,uod  si  non  odio  peccantis  desipit  augur, 

Carus  eris  Romae,  donec  te  deserat  aetas.  10 

Contrectatus  ubi  manibus  sordescere  vulgi 

Coeperis,  aut  tineas  pasces  taciturnus  inertes, 

Aut  fugies  Uticam,  aut  vinctus  mitteris  Ilerdam. 

Ridebit  monitor  non  exauditus  ;   ut  ille 

dui  male  parentem  in  rupes  protrusit  asellum  15 

Iratus :  quis  enim  invitum  servare  laboret  ? 

Hoc  quoque  te  manet,  ut  pueros  elementa  docentem 

Occupet  extremis  in  vicis  balba  senectus. 

duum  tibi  sol  tepidus  plures  admoverit  aures, 

Me  libertino  natum  patre,  et  in  tenui  re  20 

Majores  pennas  nido  extendisse,  loqueris  ; 

Ut,  quantum  generi  demas,  virtutibus  addas : 

Me  primis  Urbis  belli  placuisse  domique, 

Corporis  exigui,  praecanum,  solibus  aptum, 

Irasci  celerem,  tamen  ut  placabilis  essem.  25 

Forte  meum  si  quis  te  percontabitur  aevum, 

Me  quater  undenos  sciat  implevisse  Decembres, 

Coilegam  Lepidum  quo  duxit  Lollius  anno. 

15  '■ 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCI 


EPISTOLARUM 


LIBER    SECUNDUS. 


EPISTOLA  I. 

AD  AUGUSTUM. 

duuM  tot  sustineas  et  tanta  negotia  solus, 
Res  Italas  armis  tuteris,  moribus  ornes, 
Legibus  emendes,  in  publica  commoda  peccem, 
Si  longo  sermone  morer  tua  tempora,  Caesar. 

Romulus,  et  Liber  pater,  et  cum  Castore  Pollux,  5 

Post  ingentia  facta,  deorum  in  templa  recepti, 
Dum  terras  hominumque  colunt  genus,  aspera  bella 
Componunt,  agros  assignant,  oppida  condunt, 
Ploravere  suis  non  respondere  favorem 
Speratum  meritis.     Diram  qui  contudit  hydram,  10 

Notaque  fatali  portenta  labore  subegit, 
Comperit  invidiam  supremo  fine  domari. 
Urit  enim  fulgore  suo,  qui  praegravat  artes 
Infra  se  positas  :  exstinctus  amabitur  idem. 
Praesenti  tibi  maturos  largimur  honores,  16 

Jurandasque  tuum  per  nomen  ponimus  aras, 
Nil  oriturum  alias,  nil  ortum  tale  fatentes. 
Sed  tuus  hic  populus,  sapiens  et  justus  in  uno, 
Te  nostris  ducibus,  te  Graiis  anteferendo, 
Caetera  nequaquam  simili  ratione  modoque  20 

iEstimat ;  et,  nisi  quae  terris  semota  suisque 
Temporibus  defuncta  videt,  fastidit  et  odit : 
Sic  fautor  veterum,  ut  tabulas  peccare  vetantes, 
duas  bis  quinque  viri  sanxerunt,  fcedera  regum 
Vel  Gabiis  vel  cum  rigidis  aequata  Sabinis,  26 

Pontificum  libros,  annosa  volumina  vatum, 
Dictitet  Albano  Musas  in  monte  locutas. 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  II.  1.  171 

Si,  quia  Grsecorum  sunt  antiquissima  quaeque 
Scripta  vel  optima,  Romani  pensantur  eadem  ^"3.'  ^^"^ 

Scriptores  trutina,  non  est  quod  multa  loquamur  :  30 

Nil  intra  est  oleam,  nil  extra  est  iri  nuce,  duri.     *^  'VVui  n 
Venimus  ad  summum  fortunae  :  pingimus  atque 
Psallimus  et  luctamur  Achivis  doctius  unctis.  ♦/ 

Si  meliora  dies,  ut  vina,  poemata  reddit, 
Scire  velim  pretium  chartis  quotus  arroget  annus.  35 

Scriptor  abhinc  annos  centum  qui  decidit,  inter 
-    Perfectos  veteresque  referri  debet,  an  inter  ^ 

Viles  atque  novos  1  excludat  jurgia  finis. —        d^^X'-^^/^ 
Est  vetus  atque  probus,  centum  qui  perficit  annos. — 
Quid,  qui  deperiit  minor  uno  mense,  vel  anno,  40 

Inter  quos  referendus  erit  ?  veteresne  poetas, 
An  quos  et  praesens  et  postera  respuet  aetas  ? — 
Iste  quidem  veteres  inter  ponetur  honeste, 
Qui  vel  mense  brevi  vel  toto  est  junior  anno. — 
Utor  permisso,  caudaeque  pilos  ut  equinae  45 

Paulatim  vello,  et  demo  unum,  demo  etiam  unum; 
Dum  cadat,  elusus  ratione  ruentis  acervi, 
Q,ui  redit  ad  fastos,  et  virtutem  aestimat  annis, 
Miraturque  nihil  nisi  quod  Libitina  sacravit. 

Ennius,  et  sapiens  et  fortis,  et  alter  Homerus,  50 

Ut  critici  dicunt,  leviter  curare  videtur 
Q,u6  promissa  cadant  et  somnia  Pythagorea. 
Naevius  in  manibus  non  est,  et  mentibus  haeret 
Pene  recens,  adeo  sanctum  est  vetus  omne  poema. 
Ambigitur  quoties  uter  utro  sit  prior,  aufert  55 

Pacuvius  docti  famam  senis,  Actius  alti ; 
Dicitur  Afrani  toga  convenisse  Menandro; 
Plautus  ad  exemplar  Siculi  properare  Epicharmi; 
V  Vincere  Caecilius  gravitate,  Terentius  arte. 
Hos  ediscit,  et  hos  arcto  stipata  theatro  60 

Spectat  Roma  potens ;  habet  hos  numeratque  poetas 
Ad  nostrum  tempus  Livi  scriptoris  ab  aevo. 
Interdum  vulgus  rectum  videt ;  est  ubi  peccat. 
Si  veteres  ita  miratur  laudatque  poetas, 
Ut  nihil  anteferat,  nihii  illis  comparet,  errat :  65 

Si  quaedam  nimis  antique,  si  pleraque  dure 
Dicere  cedit  eos,  ignave  multa  fatetur, 
Et  sapit,  et  mecum  facit,  et  Jove  judicat  aequo. 
Non  equidem  insector,  delendave  carmina  Livi 
Esse  reor,  memini  quae  plagosum  mihi  parvo  70 

Orbilium  dictare  ;  sed  emendata  videri, 


V 


172  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Pulchraque,  et  exactis  minimum  distantia,  miror. 
Inter  quae  verbum  emicuit  si  forte  decorum,  et 
Si  versus  paulo  concinnior  unus  et  alter, 
Injuste  totum  ducit  venditque  poema.  -75 

Indignor  quidfjuam  reprehendi,  non  quia  crasse 
Compositum  illepideve  putetur,  sed  quia  nuper ; 
Nec  veniam  antiquis,  sed  honorem  et  prfemia  posci, 
'  Recte  necne  crocuni  floresque  perambulet  Attae 
Fabula  si  dubitem,  clament  periisse  pudorem  80 

Cuncti  pene  patres,  ea  quum  reprehendere  coner 
Q,uae  gravis  JEsopus,  quaj  doctus  Roscius  egit : 
Vel  quia  nii  rectum,  nisi  quod  placuit  sibi,  ducunt; 
^Vel  quia  turpe  putant  ^arere  minoribus,  et,  quae 
Imberbi  didicere,  senes  perdenda  fateri.  85 

Jam  Saliare  Numae  carmen  qui  laudat,  et  illud 
Q,uod  mecum  ignorat  solus  vult  scire  videri, 
Ingeniis  non  ille  favet  plauditque  sepuhis, 
Nostra  sed  impugnat,  nos  nostraque  hvidus  odit. 
Q,u6d  si  tam  Graiis  novitas  invisa  fuisset  90 

Q,uam  nobis,  quid  nunc  esset  vetus  ?  aut  quid  haberet 
Quod  legeret  tereretque  viritim  publicus  usus? 

Ut  primum  positis  nugari  Graecia  bellis 
Coepit,  et  in  vitium  fortuna  labier  aequa, 
Nunc  athletarum  studiis,  nunc  arsit  equorum ;  95 

Marmoris  aut  eboris  fabros  aut  a^ris  amavit ; 
Suspendit  picta  vuhum  mentemque  tabella ; 
Nunc  tibicinibus,  nunc  est  gavisa  trago^dis : 
Sub  nutrice  pueha  velut  si  luderet  infans, 
Quod  cupide  petiit,  maturc  plena  reliquit.  100 

Quid  placet  aut  odio  est,  quod  non  mutabile  credas  ? 
Hoc  paces  habuere  bona)  ventique  secundi. 
Roma3  dulce  diu  fuit  et  solemne  reclusa 
Mane  domo  vigilare,  clienti  promere  jura, 
Cautos  nominibus  rectis  expendere  nummos^  105 

Majores  audire,  minori  dicere  per  quae 
Crescere  res  posset,  minui  damnosa  Hbido. 
Mutavit  mentem  populus  levis,  et  calet  uno 
Scribendi  studio  :  puerique  patresque  severi 
Fronde  comas  vincti  coenant  et  carmina  dictant.  110 

Ipse  ego,  qui  nullos  me  affirmo  scribere  versus, 
Invenior  Parthis  mendacior ;  et,  prius  orto 
Sole,  vigil  cahimum  et  chartas  et  scrinia  posco. 
Navem  agere  ignarus  navis  timet ;  abrotonum  aegro 
Non  audet,  nisi  qui  didicit,  dare ;  quod  medicorum  est 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  II.  1.  173 

Promittunt  medici ;  tractant  fabrilia  fabri:  116 

Scribimus  indocti  doctique  poemata  passim. 

Hic  error  tamen  et  levis  haec  insania,  quantas 
Virtutes  habeat,  sic  collige  :  Vatis  avarus 
Non  temere  est  animus ;  versus  amat,  hoc  studet  unum  ; 
Detrimenta,  fugas  servorum,  incendia  ridet ;  121 

Non  fraudem  socio  puerove  incogitat  ullam 
Pupillo ;  vivit  siliquis  et  pane  secundo. 
Militiae  quanquam  piger  et  malus,  utihs  urbi. 
Si  das  hoc,  parvis  quoque  rebus  magna  juvari  :  125 

Os  tenerum  pueri  balbumque  poeta  figurat ; 
Torquet  ab  obsccenis  jam  nunc  sermonibus  aurem ; 
Mox  etiam  pectus  praeceptis  format  amicis, 
Asperitatis  et  invidise  corrector  et  irae ; 
Recte  facta  refert ;  orientia  tempora  notis  130 

Instruit  exemplis  ;  inopem  solatur  et  aegrum. 
Castis  cum  pueris  ignara  puella  mariti 
Disceret  unde  preces,  vatem  ni  Musa  dedisset? 
Poscit  opem  chorus,  et  praesentia  numina  sentit; 
Coelestes  implorat  aquas  docta  prece  blandus  ;  135 

Avertit  morbos,  metuenda  pericula  pelHt ; 
Impetrat  et  pacem,  et  locupletem  frugibus  annum. 
Carmine  di  superi  placantur,  carmine  Manes. 

Agricolae  prisci,  fortes,  parvoque  beati, 
Condita  post  frumenta,  levantes  tempore  festo  140 

Corpus,  et  ipsum  animum  spe  finis  dura  ferentem, 
Cum  sociisoperum,  pueris,  et  conjuge  fida, 
Tellurem  porco,  Silvanum  lacte  piabant, 
Floribus  et  vino  Genium  memorem  brevis  aevi. 
Fescennina  per  hunc  inventa  licentia  morem  145 

Versibus  alternis  opprobria  rustica  fudit ; 
Libertasque  recurrentes  accepta  per  annos 
Lusit  amabiliter,  donec  jam  saevus  apertam 
In  rabiem  verti  ccepit  jocus,  et  per  hoqestas 
Ire  domos  impune  minax  :  doluere  cruento  150 

Dente  lacessiti ;  fuit  intactis  quoque  cura 
Conditione  super  communi  :  quin  etiam  lex 
PoBnaque  lata,  malo  quae  nollet  carmine  quenquam 
Describi.     Vertere  modum,  formidine  fustis, 
Ad  bene  dicendum  delectandumque  redacti.  155 

Graecia  capta  ferum  victorem  cepit,  et  artes 

Intulit  agresti  Latio.     Sic  horridus  ille      , ^ 

Defluxit  numerus  Saturnius  ;  et  grave  virus 
Munditiae  pepulere :  sed  in  longum  tamen  sevum 
15* 


174  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Manserunt  hodieque  manent  vestigia  ruris.  160 

Serus  enim  Graecis  admov  it  acumina  chartis ; 

Et,  post  Punica  bella  quietus,  quaerere  coepit 

duid  Sophocles  et  Thespis  et  ^Eschylus  utile  ferrent. 

Tentavit  quoque  rem  si  digne  vertere  posset ; 

Et  placuit  sibi,  natura  sublimis  et  acer:  165 

Nam  spirat  tragicum  satis,  et  feliciter  audet ; 

Sed  turpem  putat  inscite  metuitque  lituram. 

Creditur,  ex  medio  quia  res  arcessit,  habere 
Sudoris  minimum,  sed  habet  Comcedia  tanto 
Plus  oneris,  quanto  veniae  minus.     Aspice  Plautus  170 

Q,uo  pacto  partes  tutetur  amantis  ephebi, 
Ut  patris  attenti,  lenonis  ut  insidiosi : 
Quantus  sit  Dossennus  edacibus  in  parasitis ; 
Quam  non  astricto  percurrat  pulpita  socco. 
Gestit  enim  nummum  in  loculos  demittere,  post  hoc       175 
Securus  cadat  an  recto  stet  fabula  talo. 

Q,uem  tuHt  ad  scenam  ventoso  Gloria  curru, 
Exanimat  lentus  spectator,  seduhis  inflat. 
Sic  leve,  sic  parvum  est,  animum  quod  laudis  avarum 
Subruit  ac  reficit.     Valeat  res  ludicra,  si  me  180 

Pahna  negata  macrum,  donata  reducit  opimum. 

Saepe  etiam  audacem  fugat  hoc,  terretque  poetam, 
Quod  numero  plures,  virtute  et  honore  minores, 
Indocti  stolidique,  et  depugnare  parati 
Si  discordet  eques,  media  inter  carmina  poscunt  185 

Aut  ursum,  aut  pugiles  :  his  nam  plebecula  gaudet. 
Veriim  equiti  quoque  jam  migravit  ab  aure  voluptas 
Omnis  ad  incertos  oculos  et  gaildia  vana. 
Quatuor  aut  plures  aula?a  premuntur  in  horas, 
Dum  fugiunt  equitum  turmae  peditumque  catervae ;  190 

,Mox  trahitur  manibus  regum  fortuna  retortis ; 
Esseda  festinant,  pilenta,  petorrita,  naves ; 
Captivum  portatur  ebur,  captiva  Corinthus. 
Si  foret  in  terris,  rideret  Democritus,  seu 
Diversum  confusa  genus  panthera  camelo,  195 

Sive  elephas  albus  vulgi  converteret  ora : 
Spectaret  populum  ludis  attentiiis  ipsis, 
Ut  sibi  praebentem  mimo  spectacula  plura. 
Scriptores  autem  narrare  putaret  asello 
Fabellam  surdo  :  nam  quae  pervincere  voces  200 

Evaluere  sonum  referunt  quem  nostra  theatra  t 
Garganum  mugire  putes  nemus,  aut  mare  Tuscum : 
Tanto  cum  strepitu  ludi  spectantur  et  artes 


! 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  II.  1.  175 

DivitisBque  peregrinae  ;  quibus  oblitus  actor 
Quuin  stetit  in  scena,  concurrit  dextera  Isevae.  205 

Dixit  adhuc  aliquid? — Nil  sane, — Q,uid  placet  ergo? — 
Lana  Tarentino  violas  imitata  veneno. 

Ac  ne  forte  putes  me,  qute  facere  ipse  recusem, 
Q,uum  recte  tractent  alii,  laudare  maligne ; 
Ille  per  extentum  funem  mihi  posse  videtur  210 

Ire  poeta,  meum  qui  pectus  inaniter  angit, 
Irritat,  mulcet,  falsis  terroribus  implet, 
Ut  magus,  et  modo  me  Thebis,  modo  ponit  Athenis. 

Verijm  age,  et  his  qui  se  lectori  credere  malunt, 
Q,uam  spectatoris  fastidia  ferre  superbi,  215 

Curam  redde  brevem,  si  munus  ApoHine  dignum 
Vis  complere  hbris,  et  vatibus  addere  calcar, 
^t  studio  majore  petant  Helicona  virentem. 

Multa  quidem  nobis  facimus  mala  saepe  poetae 
(Ut  vineta  egomet  csedam  mea),  quum  tibi  librum  220 

SolHcito  damus,  aut  fesso  ;  quum  laBdimur  unum 
Si  quis  amicorum  est  ausus  reprendere  versum ; 
Q,uum  loca  jam  recitata  revolvimus  irrevocati ; 
Quum  lamentamur  non  apparere  labores 
Nostros  et  tenui  deducta  poemata  filo;  225 

Quum  speramus  eo  rem  venturam,  ut,  simul  atque 
Carmina  rescieris  nos  fingere,  commodus  ultro 
Arcessas,  et  egere  vetes,  et  scribere  cogas. 
Sed  tamen  est  operae  pretium  cognoscere  quales 
iEdituos  habeat  belli  spectata  domique  230 

Virtus,  indigno  non  committenda  poetse. 
Gratus  Alexandro  regi  Magno  fuit  ille 
Choerilus,  incultis  qui  versibus  et  male  natis 
Rettulit  acceptos,  regale  numisma,  Philippos. 
Sed,  veluti  tractata  notam  labemque  remittunt  235 

Atramenta,  fere  scriptores  carmine  fcedo 
Splendida  facta  linunt.     Idera  rex  ille,  poema 
Qui  tam  ridiculum  tam  care  prodigus  emit, 
Edicto  vetuit  ne  quis  se,  praeter  Apellen, 
Pingeret,  aut  alius  Lysippo  duceret  «ra  240 

Fortis  Alexandri  vultum  simulantia.     Quod  si 
Judicium  subtile  videndis  artibus  illud 
Ad  libros  et  ad  haec  Musarum  dona  vocares, 
Boeotum  in  crasso  jurares  aere  natum. 

At  neque  dedecorant  tua  de  se  judicia  atque  245 

Munera,  quae  multa  dantis  cum  laude  tulerunt 
Dilecti  tibi  Virgilius  Variusque  poetsB  : 


176  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Nec  magis  expressi  vultus  per  aenea  signa 

duam  per  vatis  opus  mores  animique  virorum 

Clarorum  apparent.     Nec  sermones  ego  mallem  250 

Repentes  per  humum,  quam  res  componere  gestas, 

Terrarumque  situs  et  flumina  dicere,  et  arces 

Montibus  impositas,  et  barbara  regna,  tuisque 

Auspiciis  totum  confecta  duella  per  orbem, 

Claustraque  custodem  pacis  cohibentia  Janum,  255 

Et  formidatam  Parthis  te  principe  Romam ; 

Si,  quantum  cuperem,  possem  quoque  :  sed  neque  parvum 

Carmen  majestas  recipit  tua,  nec  meus  audet 

Rem  tentare  pudor,  quam  vires  ferre  recusent. 

Sedulitas  autem,  stulte  quem  dihgit,  urget,  260 

Praecipue  quum  se  numeris  commendat  et  arte  : 

Discit  enim  citius  meminitque  hbentiias  iUud 

duod  quis  deridet,  quam  quod  probat  et  veneratur. 

Nil  moror  officium  quod  me  gravat :  ac  neque  ficto 

In  pejus  vultu  proponi  cereus  usquam,  265 

Nec  prave  factis  decorari  versibus  opto  ; 

Ne  rubeam  pingui  donatus  munere,  et  una 

Cum  scriptore  meo,  capsa  porrectus  aperta, 

Deferar  in  vicum  vendentem  thus  et  odores, 

Et  piper,  et  quidquid  chartis  amicitur  ineptis.  270 


EPTSTOLA  II. 

AD    JULIUM    FLORUM. 


Flore,  bono  claroque  fidehs  amice  Neroni, 

Si  quis  forte  veht  puerum  tibi  vendere,  natum 

Tibure  vel  Gabiis,  et  tecum  sic  agat :  "  Hic,  et 

Candidus  et  talos  a  vertice  pulcher  ad  imos, 

Fiet  eritque  tuus  nummorum  miHibus  octo,  5 

Verna  ministeriis  ad  nutus  aptus  heriles, 

Litteruhs  Graecis  imbutus,  idoneus  arti 

Cuihbet ;  argiha  quidvis  imitaberis  uda  : 

Quin  etiam  canet  indoctum,  sed  dulce,  bibenti. 

Muha  fidem  promissa  levant,  ubi  pleniiis  a^quo  10 

Laudat  venales,  qui  vuU  extrudere,  merces. 

Res  urget  me  nulla,  meo  sum  pauper  in  aere : 

Nemo  hoc  mangonum  faceret  tibi :  non  temere  a  me 

Q,uivis  ferret  idem :  semel  hic  cessavit,  et,  ut  fit, 

In  scalis  latuit  metuens  pendentis  habeaae.  15 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  11.  2.  177 

Des  nummos,  excepta  nihil  te  si  fuga  laedat." 
Ille  ferat  pretium,  poenae  securus,  opinor. 
Prudens  emisti  vitiosum;  dicta  tibi  est  lex : 
Insequeris  tamen  hunc,  et  lite  moraris  iniqua. 

Dixi  me  pigrum  proficiscenti  tibi,  dixi  >  20 

Talibus  officiis  prope  mancum  ;  ne  mea  ssevus 
Jurgares  ad  te  quod  epistohi  nulla  veniret. 
duid  tum  profeci,  mecum  facientia  jura 
Si  tamen  attentas  l     Quereris  super  hoc  etiam,  quod 
Exspectatatibinon  mittam  carmina  mendax.  25 

Luculli  miles  collecta  viatica  multis 
^rumnis,  lassus  dum  noctu  stertit,  ad  assem  ^ 

Perdiderat :  post  hoc  vehemens  lupus,  et  sibi  et  hosti 
Iratus  pariter,  jejunis  dentibus  acer, 

Praesidium  regale  loco  dejecit,  ut  aiunt,  30 

Summe  munito,  et  multarum  divite  rerum. 
Clarus  ob  id  factum,  donis  ornatur  lionestis  ; 
Accipit  et  bis  dena  super  sestertia  nummum. 
Forte  sub  hoc  tempus  castelium  evertere  praetor 
Nescio  quod  cupiens,  liortari  ccepit  eundem  35 

Verbis  quse  timido  quoque  possent  addere  mentem  : 
"  I,  bone,  quo  virtus  tua  te  vocat ;  i  pede  fausto, 
Grandia  laturus  meritorum  praemia  :  quid  stas  ?" 
Post  liaec  ille  catus,  quantumvis  rusticus, "  Ibit, 
Ibit  eo  quo  vis,  qui  zonam  perdidit,"  inquit.  40. 

Romae  nutriri  mihi  contigit,  atque  doceri 
Iratus  Graiis  quantum  nocuisset  Achiiles  : 
Adjecere  bonae  paulo  plus  artis  Athenae ; 
Scilicet  ut  possem  curvo  dignoscere  rectum, 
Atque  inter  silvas  Academi  quaerere  verum.  45 

Dura  sed  emovere  loco  me  tempora  grato ; 
Civihsque  rudem  belli  tulit  aestus  in  arma, 
Caesaris  Augusti  non  responsura  lacertis. 
Unde  simul  primum  me  dimisere  Philippi, 
Decisis  humilem  pennis,  inopemque  paterni  50 

Et  laris  et  fundi,  paupertas  impulit  audax 
Ut  versus  facerem  :  sed  quod  non  desit  habentem 
Q,uae  poterunt  unquam  satis  expurgare  cicutae, 
Ni  melius  dormire  putem  quam  scribere  versus? 

Singula  de  nobis  anni  prsedantur  euntes  ;  56 

Eripuere  jocos,  venerem,  convivia,  ludum  ; 
Tendunt  extorquere  poemata  :  quid  faciam  vis  ? 
Denique  non  omnes  eadem  mirantur  amantque : 
Carmine  tu  gaudes ;  hic  delectatur  iambis ; 


178  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI 

Ille  Bioneis  sermonibus  et  sale  nio;ro.  GO 

Tres  mihi  convivae  prope  dissentire  videntur, 

Poscentes  vario  nmltum  diversa  palato  : 

Q,uid  dem  ?  quid  non  dem  ?  renuis  tu  quod  jubet  alter; 

Q,uod  petis,  id  sane  est  invisum  acidumque  duobus. 

Praeter  caFtera,  me  Romai^ne  poemata  censes  05 

Scribere  posse  inter  tot  curas  totque  labores  ? 
Hic  sponsum  vocat,  hic  auditum  scripta,  relictis 
Omnibus  officiis  :  cubat  hic  in  coUe  Quirini, 
Hic  extremo  in  Aventino;  visendus  uterque. 
Intervalla  vides  humane  commoda. — Verum  70 

Purse  sunt  phiteae,  nihil  ut  meditantibus  obstet. — 
Festinat  calidus  muhs  geruHsque  redemptor ; 
Torquet  nunc  lapidem,  nunc  ingens  macliina  tignum ; 
Tristia  robustis  luctantur  funera  plaustris; 
Hac  rabiosa  fuo-it  canis,  hac  lutulenta  ruit  sus :  75 

I  nunc,  et  versus  tecum  meditare  canoros. 
Scriptorum  chorus  omnis  amat  nemus  et  fugit  urbes, 
Rite  chens  Bacchi  sonmo  gaudentis  et  umbra : 
Tu  me  inter  strepitus  nocturnos  atque  diurnos 
Vis  canere,  et  contracta  sequi  vestigia  vatum?  80 

Ingenium,  sibi  quod  vacuas  desumpsit  Athenas,  ' 
Et  studiis  annos  septem  dedit,  insenuitque 
Libris  et  curis,  statua  taciturnius  exit 
Plerumque,  et  risu  populum  quatit :  hic  ego,  rerum 
Fluctibus  in  mediis  et  tempestatibus  urbis,  85 

Verba  lyrae  motura  sonum  connectere  digner? 

Frater  erat  Romae  consulti  rhetor,  ut  alter 
Alterius  sermone  meros  audiret  honores ; 
Gracchus  ut  hic  illi  foret,  huic  ut  Mucius  ille. 
Q,ui  minus  argutos  vexat  furor  iste  poetas  ?  90 

Carmina  compono,  hic  elegos  :  mirabile  visu, 
Caelatumque  novem  Musis  opus.     Aspice  primum 
Q,uanto  cum  fastu,  quanto  molimine  circum- 
spectemus  vacuam  Romanis  vatibus  aedem. 
Mox  etiam,  si  forte  vacas,  sequere,  et  procul  audi  95 

Quid  ferat  et  quare  sibi  nectat  uterque  coronam. 
Caedimur,  et  totidem  plagis  consumimus  hostem, 
Lento  Samnites  ad  lumina  prima  duello. 
Discedo  Alceeus  puncto  illius;  ille  meo  quis? 
Quis,  nisi  Callimachus?  si  plus  adposcere  visus,  100 

Fit  Mimnermus,  et  optivo  cognomine  crescit. 
Multa  fero,  ut  placem  genus  irritabilc  vatum, 
Quum  scribo  et  supplex  populi  suffragia  capto : 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  II.  2.  179 

Idem,  finitis  studiis  et  mente  recepta, 

Obturem  patulas  impune  legentibus  aures.  105 

Ridentur  mala  qui  componunt  carmina':  verum 
Gaudent  scribentes,  et  se  venerantur,  et  ultro, 
Si  taceas,  laudant,  quidquid  scripsere,  beati. 
At,  qui  legitimum  cupiet  fecisse  poema, 
Cum  tabulis  animum  censoris  sumet  honesti ;  110 

Audebit  quaecunque  parum  splendoris  habebunt, 
Et  sine  pondere  erunt,  et  honore  indigna  ferentur, 
Verba  movere  loco,  quamvis  invita  recedant, 
Et  versentur  adhuc  intra  penetralia  Vestae. 
Obscurata  diu  populo  bonus  eruet,  atque  115 

Proferet  in  lucem  speciosa  vocabula  rerum, 
Q,uae,  priscis  memorata  Catonibus  atque  Cethegis, 
Nunc  situs  informis  premit  et  deserta  vetustas  : 
Adsciscet  nova,  quse  genitor  produxerit  usus. 
Vehemens  et  hquidus,  puroque  simiUimus  amni,  120 

Fundet  opes,  Latiumque  beabit  divite  hngua. 
Luxuriantia  compescet,  nimis  aspera  sano 
Levabit  cultu,  virtute  carentia  tollet : 
Ludentis  speciem  dabit,  et  torquebitur,  ut  qui 
Nunc  Satyrum,  nunc  agrestem  Cyclopa  movetur.  125 

Praetulerim  scriptor  dehrus  inersque  videri, 
Dum  mea  delectent  mala  me,  vel  denique  fallant, 
Q,uam  sapere,  et  ringi.     Fuit  haud  ignobilis  Argis, 
Q,ui  se  credebat  miros  audire  tragcedos, 
In  vacuo  laetus  sessor  plausorque  theatro;  130 

Caetera  qui  vitae  servaret  munia  recto 
More ;  bonus  sane  vicinus,  amabilis  hospes, 
Comis  in  uxorem  ;  posset  qui  ignoscere  servis, 
Et  signo  laeso  non  insanire  lagenae ; 

Posset  qui  rupem  et  puteum  vitare  patentem.  135 

Hic  ubi,  cognatorum  opibus  curisque  refectus, 
Expuht  elleboro  morbum  bilemque  meraco, 
Et  redit  ad  sese  :  "  Pol,  me  occidistis,  amici, 
Non  servastis,"  ait,  "  cui  sic  extorta  voluptas, 
Et  demptus  per  vim  mentis  gratissimus  error."  140 

Nimirum  sapere  est  abjectis  utile  nugis, 
Et  tempestivum  pueris  concedere  ludum  ; 
Ac  non  verba  sequi  fidibus  modulanda  Latinis, 
Sed  verae  numerosque  modosque  ediscere  vitae. 
Quocirca  mecum  loquor  haec,  tacitusque  recordor :         145 
"  Si  tibi  nuHa  sitim  finiret  copia  lymphae, 
Narrares  medicis :  quod  quanto  plura  parasti, 


180  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Tanto  plura  cupis,  nulline  faterier  audes? 

Si  vulnus  tibi  monstrata  radice  vel  herba 

Non  fieret  levius,  fugeres,  radice  vel  herba  150 

Proficiente  nihil,  curarier  /     Audieras,  cui 

Rem  di  donarent,  illi  decedere  pravam 

Stultitiam  ;  et,  quum  sis  nihilo  sapientior  ex  quo 

Plenior  es,  tamen  uteris  monitoribus  isdem  ? 

At  si  divitiae  prudentem  rcddere  possent,  155 

Si  cupidum  timidumque  minus  te ;  nempe  ruberes, 

Viveret  in  terris  te  si  quis  avarior  uno. 

"  Si  proprium  est  quod  quis  libra  mercatus  et  aere  est, 
Quaedam,  si  credis  consukis,  mancipat  usus; 
Q,ui  te  pascit  ager,  tuus  est;  et  villicus  Orbi,  160 

Q,uum  segetes  occat,  tibi  mox  frumenta  daturas, 
Te  dominum  sentit.     Das  nummos ;  accipis  uvam, 
Pullos,  ova,  cadum  temeti  :  nempe  modo  isto 
Paulatim  mercaris  agrum,  fortasse  trecentis, 
Aut  etiam  supra,  nummorum  miUibus  emptum.  165 

duid  refert,  vivas  numerato  nuper,  an  ohm  ? 
Emptor  Aricini  quondam  Veientis  et  arvi 
Emptum  coenat  olus,  quamvis  aliter  putat ;  emptis 
Sub  noctem  gehdam  lignis  calefactat  aenum : 
Sed  vocat  usque  suum,  qua  populus  adsita  certis  170 

Limitibus  vicina  refugit  jurgia  ;  tanquam 
Sit  proprium  quidquam,  puncto  quod  mobilis  horae, 
Nunc  prece,  nunc  pretio,  nunc  vi,  nunc  sorte  supremd, 
Permutet  dominos  et  cedat  in  altera  jura. 
Sic,  quia  perpetuus  nulli  datur  usus,  et  hseres  175 

Hseredem  alterius,  velut  unda  supervenit  undam, 
Q,uid  vici  prosunt,  aut  horrea  ?  quidve  Calabris 
Saltibus  adjecti  Lucani,  si  metit  Orcus 
Grandia  cum  parvis,  non  exorabiHs  auro? 

"  Gemmas,  marmor,  ebur,  Tyrrhena  sigilla,  tabellas, 
Argentum,  vestes  Ga^tulo  murice  tinctas,  181 

Sunt  qui  non  habeant ;  est  qui  non  curat  habere. 
Cur  alter  fratrum  cessare  et  ludere  et  ungi 
Prseferat  Herodis  pahnetis  pinguibus  ;  alter, 
Dives  et  importunus,  ad  umbram  hicis  ab  ortu  185 

Sylvestrem  flammis  et  ferro  mitiget  agrum  ; 
Scit  Genius,  natale  comes  qui  temperat  astrum, 
Naturae  deus  humanae,  mortahs  in  unum- 
quodque  caput,  vultu  mutabihs,  aibus  et  ater. 

"  Utar,  et  ex  modico,  quantum  res  poscet,  acervo        190 
Tollam ;  nec  raetuam  quid  de  me  judicet  haeres, 


EPISTOLARUM  LIB.  II.  2.  IQl 

Quod  non  plura  datis  invenerit :  et  tamen  idem 

Scire  volam  quantum  simplex  liilarisque  nepoti 

Discrepet,  et  quantiim  discordet  parcus  avaro. 

Distat  enim,  spargas  tua  prodigus,  an  neque  sumptum    195 

Invitus  facias,  neque  plura  parare  labores ; 

Ac  potius,  puer  ut  festis  Uuinquatribus  olim, 

Exiguo  gratoque  fruaris  tempore  raptim. 

"  Pauperies  immunda  procul  procul  absit :  ego,  utrum 
Nave  ferar  magna  an  parva,  ferar  unus  et  idem.  200 

Non  agimur  tumidis  velis  Aquilone  secundo ; 
Non  tamen  adversis  aetatem  ducimus  Austris ; 
Viribus,  ingenio,  specie,  virtute,  loco,  re, 
Extremi  primorum,  extremis  usque  priores. 

"  Non  es  avarus  :  abi.    Quid  ?  caetera  jam  siraul  isto  205 
Cum  vitio  fugere  ?  caret  tibi  pectus  inani  , 

Ambitione  ?  caret  mortis  formidine,  et  ira? 
Somnia,  terrores  magicos,  miracula,  sagas, 
Nocturnos  lemures  portentaque  Thessala  rides  ? 
Natales  grate  numeras  ?  ignoscis  amicis  ?  210 

Lenior  et  melior  fis  accedente  senecta  ? 
Quid  te  exempta  juvat  spinis  de  pluribus  una? 
Vivere  si  recte  nescis,  decede  peritis. 
Lusisti  satis,  edisti  satis  atque  bibisti : 
Tempus  abire  tibi  est,  ne  potum  largius  sequo  211» 

Rideat  et  pulset  lasciva  decentius  aetas." 
16 


Q.    HORATII    FLACCi 
ARS    POETICA. 

AD  PISONES. 

HuMANo  capili  cervicem  pictor  equinam 

Jungere  si  velit,  et  varias  inducere  plumas 

Undique  coUatis  membris,  ut  turpiter  atrum 

Desinat  in  piscem  mulier  formosa  superne, 

Spectatum  admissi  ri.<iim  teneatis,  amici  ?  5 

Credite,  Pisones,  isti  tabula^  fore  librum 

Persimilem,  cujus,  velut  aigri  somnia,  vanae 

Fingentur  species ;  ut  nec  pes,  nec  caput  uni 

Reddatur  formte. — Pictoribus  atque  poetis 

Quidlibet  audendi  semper  fuit  jequa  potestas. —  10 

Scimus,  et  hanc  veniam  petimusque  damusque  vicissim ; 

Sed  non  ut  placidis  coeant  immitia ;  non  ut 

Serpentes  avibus  geminentur,  tigribus  agni. 

Inceptis  gravibus  plerumque  et  magna  professis 
Purpureus,  late  qui  splendeat,  unus  et  alter  15 

Assuitur  pannus  ;  quum  lucus  et  ara  Diana^, 
Et  properantis  aquae  per  amcenos  ambitus  agros, 
Aut  flumen  Rhenum,  aut  pluvius  describitur  arcus  : 
Sed  nunc  non  erat  his  locus.     Et  fortasse  cupressum 
Scis  simulare  :  quid  hoc,  si  fractis  enatat  exspes  20 

Navibus,  a3re  dato  qui  pingitur  1  Amphora  ccepit 
Institui ;  currente  rota  cur  urceus  ervit  ? 
Denique  sit,  quod  vis,  simplex  duntaxat  et  unum. 

Maxima  pars  vatum,  pater,  et  juvenes  patre  digni, 
Decipimur  specie  recti :   hrevi*;  e.^^.se  laboro.  25 

Obscurus  fio  :  sectantem  levia  nervi 
Deficiunt  animique :  professus  grandia  turget : 
Serpit  humi  tutus  nimiiim  timidusque  procellae. 
Q,ui  variare  cupit  rem  prodigialiter  unam, 
Deiphinum  silvis  appingit,  fluctibus  aprum.  30 

In  vitium  ducit  culpae  fuga,  si  caret  arte. 


ARS  POETICA.  '  183 

^rnilium  circa  ludum  faber  imus  et  ungues 
Exprimet  et  molles  imitabitar  aere  capijlos; 
Infelix  operis  summa,  quia  ponere  totum 
Nesciet :  hunc  ego  me,  si  qajd  componere  curem,  35 

Non  magis  esse  veiim,  quam  pravo  vivere  naso, 
Spectandum  nigri^s  oculis,  nigroque  capillo. 

Sumite  materiam  vestris,  qui  scribitis,  ^equam 
Viribus;  et  versate  diu  qiiid  ferre  rrcusciit, 
Q,uid  valeant  humeri :  cui  lecta  potenter  erit  res,  40 

Nec  flicnndia  desere<:  b^nc^  nec  lucidus  ordo. 

'  Ordinis  hosc  virtus  erit  et  venus,  aut  ego  fallor, 
Ut  jam  nunc  dicat,  jam  nunc  debentia  dici 
Pleraque  ditFerat,  et  prEesens  in  tempus  omitta.t 

In  verbis  etiam  tenuis  cautusque  serendis,  45 

Hoc  amet,  hoc  spernat  promissi  carminis  auctor. 
ipixeris  egregie,  nbtlim  si  callida  verbum 
Reddiderit  junctura  novum.     Si  forte  necesse  est 
Indiciis  rrionstrare  recentibus  abdita  rerum, 
Fingere  cinctutis  non  exaudita  Cethegis  50 

Continget:  dabiturque  licentia  sumpta  pudenter  : 
Et  nova  fictaque  nuper  habebunt  verba  fidem,  si 
Gra^co^fonte  cadant,  parce  detorta.     Quid  autem 
Csecilio  Plautoque  dabit  Romanus  ademptum 
Virgilio  Varioque  ?  ego  cur,  acquirere  pauca  55 

Si  possum,  invideor   quum_  lingua  Catonis  et  Enni 
Sermonem  patrium  diiaverit,  et  nova  rerum 
Nomina  protulerit  ?     Licuit  semperque  licebit 
Signatum  prassente  nota  producere  nomen. 
Ut  silva?  foliis  pronos  mutantur  in  annos,  .       60 

Primacadunt;  itaverborum  vetus  ^nterit  fEtas, 
Et  juvenum  ritu  florent  modo  nata,  vigentque. 
Debemur  morti  nos  nostraque  f  sive  receptus 
Tcrra  Nept'-^        "If^^ses  Aquijonibus  arcet," 
Regis  opus  ,  ^.ciafsique  diu  palus,  ar^-ique  remis,  65 

Vicinas  urbes  alit  et  grave  sentit  aratiuai  .  • 
Seu  cursam  mutavit  iniquum  frugibus  amnis, 
Doctus  iter  melius.     Mortalia  facta  peribunt; 
Nedam  sermonum  s^tet  honoS;  "Bt  gratia  vivax. 
Multa  renascentur  qaae  jam  cecidere,  cadentque  70 

Q,ua}  nunc  sunt  in  honore,  vocabula,  si  volet  usus, 
Quem  penes  arbitriurii  est^et  jus  et  ridrma  loquendi. 

Res  gestai  regumqueducamque   et  tristia  bella 
Quo  scribi  possent  numero,  mon^travit  iromerus. 

Versib^is  impariter  junctis  (luerimonia  primiim,  76 

/ 
/ 
/ 


184  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Post  etiam  inclusa  est  \*bii  seiitentia  compos. 
Quis  tamen  exiguos  elegos  eniiserit  auctor 
Grammatici  certant,  et  adhuc  sub  judice  lis  est. 

Archilochum  proprio  fabies  armavit  iambo  :  , 
Hunc  socci  cepere^peciem  ^randesque  cbthurni,  60 

Alte1-nis  aptum  s^rmoniSus,  et  populares 
Vincentem  strebitus,  et  natum  i-cBus'  agendis. 
■  Musii  dedil  tidibus  divo^:)uerosque  deorum, 
Et  pSgileiri  victorem,  et  equura  certarniiie  prinmm, 
Et  iuvenum  curas,  et  libera  vina  referre.  ,  85 

Descriptas  servare  vices  operumque  colores, 
Cur  ego,  si  nequeo  ignoroaue,  poeta  salutor  ? 
Cur  nescire',' pu^ens  iprate,  qiiam  discere  malo? 

Versibus  exponi' trao-jci?  rrs  comica  non  vult :         AA^ri/^iA^ 
Indignatur  item  privatis,  ac  prope  socco  >^      ylT 

Dicfnis.  carminibus  haVrati^coena  Tliyestee. 
Singula  quajque  locum  teneant  soriita  de^center. 
Interdum  tamen  et  voee*«  Comcedia  totlitr 
IratuSque  Chremes  tumido  detitigat  ore.f'  "^"  .       ' 
Et  tragicus  plerumque  dolet  sermone  pedestri :  95 

Telephus  et  Peleus  cjuum  pauper  et  exsul,  uterque 
Projicit  am.puli?'^  e^  pe«quipedalia  verba, 
Si  curat  cor  spectanti^  tetigisse  quereli. 

Non  satis  est  pulclira  esse  poemata ;  dulcia  sunto, 
Et  quocunque  volent  animum  auditoris  agunto.  100 

L't  ridentibiis  arrident,  ita  flentibus  adflent 
Humani  vultus:  si  vis  mc  flere,  dole-jdum  o^i 
Primum  ipsi  tibr^  tunc  tua^me  infortunia  ia^uent, 
Telephe,  ^  el  Peleu  :  malc  si  mandata  loqueris, 
Aut  dormirabo,  aut  ridebo.     Tristia  mtEstum  lf>5 

Vultum  verba  deceiit ;  iratum,  pleha'  minarum  ; 
Ludentem,lasci\^;  severum,  seria  dictu. 
Format  enim  natura  prius  nos.intnsV^  omnem 
Fortunarum  habitum;  juvat,  i^y,^j,^AiJ'^  ^^  iram, 
Aut  ad  humiim  moerore  gravi  'dii^PdCiif^di  angit ;  110 

Post  etfert  animi  motus  interprete"  lingua. 
Si  dicentis  erunt  fortunis  absona  dicta, 
Romani  tolient  equitcs  peditesqve.cachinnum. _ 
lutererit  multum  Davusne  loquatur,  an-^^rbS';" 
Maturusne  senex,  an  adhuc  florentc  ^uve^ta  115 

Fervidus ;  an  matron^'  potens,  an  sediiJa  nutrix ; 
Mercatorne  vagus,  cultorne  virentis  a  -elli ; 
Colchus,  an  Assyrius ;  Thebis  riutritus,  an  Argis. 
Aut  famam  sequere,  aut  sibi  convcnientia  fing'e, 


ARS  POETICA.  '  185 

Scriptor.     Honoratum  si  forte  reponis  Achillem,  120 

Impiger,  iracundiis,  inexorabilis,  acer, 
Jjra  neget  sibi  nata,  niliil  non  arroget  armis : 
Sit  Medea  ferox  invictaque,  fiebilis  Ino, 
Perfidus  Ixion,  lo  vaga,  tri^tis  Orestes. 

Si  quid  inexpertum  scenaB  committis,  et  audes  125 

Personam  formare  novam,  servetur  ad  imum 
Q,ualis  ab  incepto  processerit,  et  sibi  constet 
Difficile  est  proprie  communia  dicere :  tuque 
Rectius  Iliacum  carmen  dcdiicis  in  actns, 
Quam  si  proferres^ignota  indictaque  primus.  130 

Publica  materies  privati  juris  erit,  si 
Nec  circa  viiem  patulumque  njioraberis  orbem  ; 
Nec  verbum  verbo  curabis  reddere,  fidus 
Interpres;  nec  desilies  iniitator  in  ar«iturti, 
Unde  pedem  proferre  pudor  vetet,  aut  operis  lex.  135 

Nec  sic  incipies,  ut  scriptor  c^clicus  olim  : 
*'  Fortunam  Priami  cantabo  et  nobile  bellum." 
Quid  dignum  tanto  feret  hic  promi.^sor  hiatu? 
Parturiunt  montes,  nascefur  ridicuJus  mus. 
Quanto  rectiiis  hic  qui  nil  molitur  inepte  !  140 

*'  Dic  mihi,  Musa,  virum,  captae  post  tempora  Trojae, 
Qui  mores  hominum  multorum  vidit  et  urbes." 
Non  fumum  ex  fulgore,  sed  e\  fumo  dare  lucem. 
Cogitat,  ut  speciosa  dehinc  miracula-pi^omat, 
AntiphatenjS^yllamqae  et  cum  CycIope^Charybdin ;        145 
Ne3  reditum  Diomedis  ab  interitu  Meleagri,    - 
Nec  gemino  bejlura  Trojanum  orditur  ab  ovo. 
Semper  ad  e^entum  festinat ;  et  in  medias  res, 
Noii  seciis  ac  notas.  auditorem  rapil ;  pt.  quae 
Desperat^ti^aLctata  nitesce^e  posse,  relinquit  ;-^'  150 

Atque  ita  mentitur,  sic  veris  falsa  remiscet, 
Primo  ne  mediuii),  medio  ne  discrepet  imum. 

Tu,  quid  ego  et  populus  mecum  desideret,  audi : 
Si  plausoris  eges  aukea  manentis,  et  iisque 
Sossuri,  donec  canLor,  "  Vos  plaudite,"  dicat,  155 

-^'it^tisfeujusque  nrHandi  sunt  tibi  mores, 
Mobilibusque  decor  naluris  dandus  et  annis. 
Keddere  qui  voces  jam  «cit  puer,  et  pede  certo 
Sigiiat  huinum,  gestit  panbus  colludere,  et  iram 
Colligit  ac  i>onit  temere,  et  mutatur  in  horas.  IGO 

Imberbus  juve!rH,  tandem  custode  remoto, 
Gaudet  equis  canil^usque  fet  aprici  gramine  Campi; 
Cercus  in  vitium  Hecti,  monitoribus  asper, 
IG* 


186  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Utilium  tardus  provisor,  prodigus  asris, 

Sublimis,  cupidusque  et  amata  relinquere  pernix.  165 

Conversis  studiis,  aetas  animusque  virilis 

Quneiit  opcs  et  amicitias,  inservit  honori, 

Commisisse  cavet  quod  mox  mutare  laboret. 

Multa  senem  circumveniunt  incommoda ;  vel  quod 

Quasrit,  et  inventis  miser  abstinet  ac  timet  uti ;  170 

Vel  quod  res  omnes  timide  gelideque  ministrat,    * 

Dilator^  spe  longus,  iners,  avidusque  futuri, 

Difficilis,  querulus,  laudator  temporis  acti 

Se  puero,  censor  castigatorque  minorum. 

Multa  ferunt  anni  venientes  com.moda  secum ;  175 

Multa  recedentes  adimunt.     Ne  forte  seniles 

Mandentur  juveni  partes,  pueroque  viriles, 

Semper  in  adjunctis  aevoque  morabimur  aptis. 

Aut  agitur  res  in  scenis,  aut  acta  refertur :  ,,.^ , ; 

Segnius  irritant  animos  aemissa  per  aurem,  180 

Q,uam  qua^  sunt  oculis  subjecta  fidelibus,  et  quae 
Ipse  sibi  tradit  spectator.     Non  tamen  intus 
Digna  geri  promes  in  scenam  ;  nmltaque  tolles 
Ex  oculis,  quaB  mox  narret  facundia  prassens : 
Ne  pueros  coram  populo  Medea  trucidet;  185 

Aut  humuaa  palum  coquat  exta  nefarius  Atreus ; 
Aut  in  avem  Progne  vertatur,  Cadmus  in  anguem. 
Quodcunque  ostendis  mihi  sic,  incredulus  odi. 

Neve  minor,  neu  sit  quinto  productior  actu 
Fabula,  quse  posci  vult  et  spectata  reponi :  190 

Nec  deus  intersit,  nisi  dignus  vindice  nodus 
Inciderit :  nec  quarta  loqui  persona  laboret. 

Actoris  partes  chorus  officiumque  virilc 
Defendat;  neu  quid  medios  intercinat  actus, 
Quod  non  proposito  conducat  et  ha^reat  apte :  195 

Ille  bonis  favfeatque,  et  consilietur  amicis ; 
Et  regat  iratos,  et  amet  pacare  tumentes  ; 
Ille  dapes  laudet  mensae  brevis ;  ille  salubrem 
Justitiam,  legesque,  et  apertis  otia  portis ; 
Ille  tegat  commissa,  deosque  precetur  et  oret,  200 

Ut  redeat  miseris,  abeat  fortuna  superbis. 

Tibia  non,  ut  nunc,  orichalco  vincta,  tubaque 
iEmuIa,  sed  tenuis  simplexque  foramine  pauco, 
Adspirare  et  adesse  choris  erat  utilis,  atque 
Nondum  spissa  nimis  complere  sedilia  flatu,  205 

Quo  sane  populus  numerabilis,  utpote  parvus, 
Et  frugi  castusque  verecundusque  coibat. 


N^ 


ARS  POETICA.  187 

Postquam  coepit  agros  extendere  victor,  et  urbem 
*Latior  amplecti  murus,  vinoque  diurno 
Placari  Genius  festis  impune  diebus,  210 

Accessit  numerisque  modisque  licentia  major. 

•    Indoctus  quid  enim  saperet,  Tberque  laborum, 
Rusticus  urbano  confusus,  turpis  honesto? 

^ic  priscsB  motumque  et  luxuriam,  addidit  arti 
Tibicen,  traxitque  vagus  per  pulpita  vestem.  215 

Sic  etiam  iidibus  voces  crevere  severis, 
Et  tulit  eloxiuium  insolitum  facundia  prseceps; 
Utiliumque  sagax  rerum,  et  divina  futuri, 

-,  Sortilegis  non  discrepuit  sententia  Delphis. 

Carmine  qui  tragico  vilem  certavit  ob  hircum,  220 

Mox  etiam  agrestes  Satyros  nudavit,  et  asper 
Incolumi  gravitate  jocum  lentavit,  eo  quod 
Illecebris  erat  et  grata  novitate  morandus 
Spectator,  functusque  sacris,  et  potus,  et  exlex. 
Verum  ita  risores,  ita  commendare  dicaces  225 

Conveniet  Satyros,  ita  vertere  seria  ludo, 
Ne  quicunque  deus,  quicunque  adhibebitur  heros, 
Regali  conspectus  in  auro  nuper  et  ostro, 
Migret  in  obscuras  humili  sermone  tabernas ; 
Aut,  dum  vitat  humum,  nubes  et  inania  captet.  230 

EfFutire  leves  indigna  Tragoedia  versus, 
Ut  festis  matrona  moveri  jussa  diebus, 
Intererit  Satyris  paaliim  pudibunda  protervis. 
Non  ego  inornata  et  dominantia  nomina  solum 
Verbaque,  Pisones,  Satyrorum  scriptor  amabo ;  235 

Nec  sic  enitar  tragico  differre  colori, 
Ut  nihil  intersit  Davusne  loquatur,  et  audax 
Pythias  emuncto  iucrata  Simone  talentum, 
An  custos  famulusque  dei  Silenus  alumni. 
Ex  noto  iictum  carmen  sequar,  ut  sibi  quivis  240 

Speret  idem  ;  sudet  muhum  frustraque  laboret 
Ausus  idem :  tantum  series  juncturaque  pollet, 
Tantum  de  medio  sumptis  accedit  honoris. 
Silvis  deducti  caveant,  me  judice,  Fauni, 
Ne,  velut  innati  triviis  ac  pene  forenses,  246 

Aut  nimium  teneris  juvenentur  versibus  unquam, 
Aut  immunda  crepent  ignominiosaque  dicta : 
Offenduntur  enim,  quibus  est  equus  et  pater  et  res; 
Nec,  si  quid  fricti  ciceris  probat  et  nucis  emptor, 
JEquis  accipiunt  animis  donantve  corona.  250 

Syllaba  longa  brevi  subjecta  vocatur  lambus ; 


188  Q.  HORATII  FLACCI. 

Pes  citus  ;  unde  etiam  trimetris  accrescere  jussit 

Nomen  lambeis,  quum  senos  redderet  ictus, 

Prii.ius  ad  extremuni  similis  sibi :  non  ita  pridem, 

Tardior  ut  paulo  graviorque  veniret  ad  aures,  255 

Spondeos  stabiles-in  jura  paterna  recepit 

Comniodus  et']Satiens';   noi^  ut  de  sede  secunda 

Cederet  aut  qiiarta  socialitch*.     llic  ct  in  Acci 

NobiJibus  trimetris  apparet  rarus,  et  Enni. 

In  scenam  missus  magno  cuni  pondere  versus,  260 

Aut  operne  celeris  nimium  curaque  carentis, 

Aut  ignoratae  premit  artis  crimine  turpi. 

Non  quivis  videt  immodulata  poomata  judex; 

Et  data  Romanis  venia  e  t  indigna  poetis. 

Idcircone  vager,  scribamque  licenter,  ut  omnes  265 

Visuros  peccata  putem  mea,  turus,  et  intra 

Spem  veniae  cautus  ?     Vitavi  denique  culpam, 

Non  laudem  merui.     Vos  exempJaria  Graeca 

Nocturna  versate  manu,  versate  diiirnti. 

At  vestri  proavi  Plautinos  et  numeros  et  270 

Laudavere  sales,  nimium  patienter  utrumque, 

Ne  dicam  stulte,  mirati ;  si  modo  ego  et  vos 

Scimus  inurbanum  lepido  seponere  dicto, 

Legitimumque  sonum  digitis  callemus,'et  aure. 

Ignotum  Tragicae  genus  invenisse  Camcenaj  275 

Dicitur   et  plaustris  vexisse  poemata  Thespis 
Qui    canerent  agerentque  peruncti  feecibus  ora. 
Post  hunc,  personcE  palhijque  repertor  honestse, 
.^schylus,  et  modicis  instravit  pulpita  tignis, 
Et  docuit  magnumque  loqui  nitique  cothuujo,,  280 

Successit  vetus  his  Comcedia,  non  sine  multa 
Laude  :  sed  in  vitium  libertas  excidit  et  vim 
Dignam  lege  regi :  lek  est  accepta,  chorusque 
Turpiter  obticuit,  sublato  jnre  nocendi. 

Nil  intentatunj  nostri  liqucre  poota? :  285 

Nec  minimum  meruc  re  decus,  vestigia  Graeca 
Ausi  deserere  et  celebrare  domestica  facta, 
Vel  (jui  pra^textas,  vei  qui  docucre  togatas. 
Nec  virtute  foret  clarisve  potentius  armis, 
Quam  lingua,  Latiuni,  si  non  offcnderet  unuifi-  290 

quenujue  poetarum  limjE  Ial>or  et  mora.     Vos,  o 
Pompilius  sanguis,  carmen  re«j)reheudite  quod  non 
Multa  dies  et  multa  litura  coercuit,  atcjue 
Pra*sectum  decics  non  castijjavit  ai!  uu  Juem. 

Ingeuium  misera  quia  fortunatius  arte  205 

-^- 


ARS  POETICA.  189 

Credit,  et  excludit  sanos  Helicone  poetas, 
Democritus,  bona  pars  non  ungues  ponere  curat, 
Npn  baripam,  secreta  petit  loca,  balnea  vitat. 
Nanciscetur  enim  pretium  noraenque  poetae, 
Si  tribus  Anticyxis  caput  insanabile  nunquam  300 

Tonsori  Licino  commiserit.     O  ego  laevus,' 
Q,ui  purgor  bilem  sub  verni  temporis  horam ! 
Non  alius  faceret  meliora  poemata  :-veri^im 
Nil  tanti  est.     Ergo  fungar  vicevcotis,  acutum 
Reddere  quae  ferrum  valet,  exsors  ipsa  secandi :  305 

Munus  et  officium,  nil  scribens  ipse,  docebo; 
Unde  parentur  opes ;  quid  alat  formetque  poetam  ; 
Quid  deceat^  quid  non  ;  quo  virtus,  quo  ferat  error= 
Scribendi  recte  sapere  est  et  principium  et  fons. 
Itfem  tibi  Socratic»^  poter ant  ostendere  chartse  :  310 

Verbaque^  provisani  rem  non  invita  sequentur. 
Qui  didicit  patriae  quid  debeat,  et  quid  amicis, 
Q,uo  sit  amore  .parens,  quo  frater  amandus,  et  hospes, 
Quod  sit  consciipti,  quod  judicis  officium,  quae 
Partes  in  bellum  missi  ducis  ;  ille  profecto  315 

Reddere  personss  scit  convenientia  cuique. 
Respicere  exemplat^vitae  morumque  jubebo 
Doctum  imitatorem,  et  vera§  hinc  ducere  voces. 
Imerduni^speciosa  locis  morataque  recte 

'  Fabula,  nuUiiis  veneris,  sine  pondere  et  arte,  320 

Valdius  oblectat  j)opuIum  meliusque  moratur, 
duAm  versus  irfopes  rerum,  nugasque  canorae. 
<    Graiis  in^^enium,  Graiis  dedit  ore  rotundo 

'  Musa  loqui,  praeter  laudem  nullius  avaris  : 
Romani  pueri  longis  rationibus  assera  325 

Discunt  in  partes  centnm  diducere.     **  Dicat 
Fiiius  Albini,  §i  4.e  quincunce  remota  est  y 

Uncia,  quid  supeiat?"     "  Potcras  dixisse,  Triens."     "  Eu! 
Rem  poterrs^^eryare  tuam.     Redit  uncia,  quid  fit?" 
"  Serais.".    Ar;  Hri't:  aniuios  ierugo  et  cura  peculi  330 

(^uumspii^*^^!  imbuerrt,  speraraus  carmina  fiiigi 
Posse  lihen^da  ced^;:  fet  levi  servanda  cupresso  1 

Aut  prodesse  volunt,  aut  delectare,  poetae, 
Aut  simul  et  jucunda  et  idonea  dicere  vitae. 
Quidquid  praecipies,  esto  brevis ;  ut  cito  dicta  335 

Percipiantvanimi  dociles  teneantque  fideles  : 
Omne  supervacuum  pleno  de  pfectore  manat. 
Ficta  voluptatis  causa  sint  proxima  veris: 


190  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

Nec,  quodcunqun  volot,  poscat  sibi  fabula  credi ; 

Neu  pransa^  LaniisR  vivuin  pucrum  extrahat  alvo.  340 

CcnturiiB  seniorunk  agitant  expertia  frun-js;, 

Ceisi  prajtereunt  austera  poemata  Rhanmes: 
p^-Omne  tulit  punctum,  qui  miscuit  utile  dulci, 

Lectorem  delectando  pariterque  nionendo. 
"  Hic  meret  ;rra  hber  Sosiis  ;   hic  et  mare  transit,  345 

Et  longum  noto  scriptori  prorogat  anum. 

Sunt  delicta  tamen  quibus  ianoyisse  velimus : 

Nam  neque  chorda  sonum  reddit  quem  vult  manus  ct  meiis. 

Poscentiquc  graveu'.  perstrpe  remittit  acutum  j  , 

Nec  semper  feriet  quodcunque  minabitur  arcus.  350 

yeriim,  ubi  plura  nifent  in  carmine,  no^i  ego  paucis 
ft*endar  maculis,  quas  aut  incuria  fudit, 
ut  humana  par'Tm  cavit  mtura. — Quid  ergo  est? — 

Ut  scriptor  si  peccat  idem  librarius  usque, 

Q.uamvis  est  ujonitu^,  vr-nia  caret;  et  citharoedus  355 

Ridetur,  chorda  qui  semper  oI>errat  cadem  : 

Sic  mihi,  qui  multuin  cessat,  fit  Choerilus  ille, 

Q,uem  bis  terque  bonum^cum  risu  miror;  et  idem 

Indignor,  quandoque  bonus  dormitat  Homerus. 

Veriim  operi  longo  fas  est  obrepere  somnum.  360 

Ut  pictura,  poesis ;  erit  qua?,  si  propius  stes, 

Te  capiet  magis,'et  quaedam,  si  longiijs  abstes. 

HfEC  amat  obscurum  ;  volet  ha3C  sub  luce  videri, 

Judicis  argutum  qua^  non  formidat  acurnen  : 

Haec  placuit  semel,  ha?c  decips  repptita  placebit.  365 

O  major  juvenum,  quamvis  et  voce  paterna  •    ' ,  ^^ 

Fingeris  ad  rectum,  et  per  te  sapis,  hoc  tibi  dictum'  t-V^^-''^^^ 

ToIIe  memor  :  certis^iedium  et  tolerabilejrebus   ^  ^-V- 

Recte  concedi.     C(insultus  juris,  et  actor      ^^^^^S^^A^ 

Causarum  mediocris,  abest  virtute  diserti  ^'^}^  T^ 

Messalse,  nec  scit  quantum  CasccIIius  Aulus  ; 

Sed  tamen  in '^Vettb  est :  medipcribus  esse  jipetis 

Non  homines,  non  di,  non  concessere  cblunmte. 

Ut  gratas  inter  mensas  symplionia  discors, 

Etcrassum  unguentum,  et  Sardo  cum  melle  papaver       375 

Offendunt,  poterat  duci  quia  cama  sine  istis ; 

Sic  animis  natMtn  inventumque  poema  Juvandis, 

Si  paulum  a  summo  discessit,  vergit  ad  imum. 
Ludere  qui  nescit,  campestribus  abstinet  armis, 

Indoctuscine  pilne  discivetrocliive  quiescit,  380 

Ne  spissab  risum  toliant  impune  •©efoiia^ : 


ARS  POETICA.  191 

dui  nescit,  versus  tamen  audet  fingrere  ! — Quidni?  'VJU^Wu  /yjpA 
,Liber  et  incremms,  prsebertim  census  equestrem  /v 

^'Summarh  hummoram,  vitioque  remotus  ab  omni. — 

Tu  nihil  invita  dices  faciesve  Minerva ;  385 

Id  tibi  JLidicium  est,  ea  mens :  si  quid  tarnen  olira 

Scripseris,  in  Metii  descendat  judicis  aures, 

Et  patris,  et  nostras ;  nonumque  prematur  in  annum. 

Membranis  inlus  positis,  delere  Jicebit 

Q,nod  nonedideris;  nescit  vox  missa  reverti.  390 

Silvcstres  homines  sacer  interpresque  deorum 

Caedibus  et  victu  fcedo  deterruit  Orpheus ; 

Dictiis  ob  hoc  lenire  tigres  rabidosque  leones : 

Dictus  et  Amphion,  ThebanEe  conditor  arcis, 

Saxa  movere  sono  testudinis,  et  prece  blanda  395 

Ducere  quo  vellet.     Fuit  heec  sapientia  quondam, 

Publica  privatis  secernere,  sacra  profanis, 

Concubitu  proliibere  vago,  dare  jura  m^ritis, 

Oppida  mohri,  legos  incidere  ligno. 

Sic  honor  et  nomen  divinis  vatibus  atque  400 

Carminibus  venit.     Post  hos  insignis  Homerus 

Tyrtaeusque  mares  animosin  Martia  bella 

Versibus  exacuit ;  dictae  per  carmina  sortes ; 

Et  vitsB  monstrata  via  est;  et  gratia  regum 

Pieriis  tentata  modis  ;   hidusque  repertus,  405 

Et  longorum  operum  finis  :  ne  forte  pudori 

Sit  tibi  Musa  lyra?  selers,  et  cantor  Apollo. 
Natura  fieret  laudabile  carmen,  an  arte, 

duajsitum  est      Ego  nec  studium  sine  divite  vena, 

Nec  rude  qnid  possit  video  ingenium  :  alterius  sic  410 

Altera  poscit  opem  res,  et  conjurat  amice. 

(olui  studet  optatam  cursu  contingere  metam, 

Muha  tuht  fecitque  puer ;  sudavit  et  alsit; 

Abstinuit  Venere  et  vino  :  qui  Pythia  cantat 

Tibicen,  didicit  prius,  extimuitque  magistrum.  415 

Nec  satis  est  dixisse  :     "  Ego  mira  poemata  pango  : 

^  Occupet  extremum  scabies  ;  mihi  turpe  rehnqui  est, 

Et,  quod  non  didici,  sane  nescire  fateri." 

Ut  praeco  ad  merces  turbam  qui  cogit  emendas, 

Assentatores  jubet  ad  lucrum  ire  poeta  420 

Dives  agris,  dives  positis  ih  foenore  nummis. 

Si  yero  est  unotum  qui  recte  ponere  possit, 

Et  spondere  levi  pro  paupere,  et  eripere  atris 

Litibus  impiicitum,  mirabor  si  sciet  inter- 


192  Q-  HORATII  FLACCI 

noscere  mendacem  verumque  beatu^  amicum.  425 

Tu,  seu^ona;ris/seu  quid  doiiare  yelis  cui, 

Nolito,  ad  versus  tifeiTactos  ducere  plenum 

LsBtitise;  clamabit  enim,  '^Pujclir)e.J  bene !  recte  ' " 

!Pallescet  super  his^  etiairi*"stillaWamicis 

Ex  oculis  x^W-n ;  saf^t/ tundet  pede  terram.  430 

Ut,  qui  conducti  plorant  in  funere,  dicunt 

Et  faciunt  prope  plura  dolentibus  ex  animo;  sic 

Derisor  vero  plus  laudaiore  mp^vetur. 

Reges  dicuntur  multis  lirgere  cululiis, 

Et  torquere  mfefdj^^quem  pers|)exisse  laborent,  43^ 

An  sit  amicitia  dignus  f^bi  jcarmi^nacpnd^      /^  Jjc«i.w  «i^ 

Nunquam  te  fallant  animi  sub  vulpe  latentes.  ^ 

duinctilio  si  quid  recitares,  "  Corrige,  sodes, 
Hoc,"  aiebat,  "  et  hoc."     Melius  te  posse  negares 
Bis  terque  expe^-tum  frustra  ;  d^lere  jubebat,  440 

Et  hmle  tornatos  fncudi  reSdere  verslis. 
Si  d^fendere  delietiin^  quain  vertere,  malles, 
^"  NuUum  u1ti*a  verbum,  aut  operam  »«mebat  inanem, 
Qain  sine  rivali  tequeet  tua  solus  amares!  '^■^^^":.^V  , 
Vir  bonus  etprudeps  versus  repreKendet  iner^es,,'  445 

Culpabit  duios,  iiicomptisallinet  atriim  ^^^  ,p" 
Transvefso  calamo'  signum,  ambitiosa.  r^cldet  b  '  ^^j^^ 
Ornamenta^parumd^ns.Iu^emj^afe;(^ 
Arguet  amDigue  dictum,^mutanda  notabit : 
^   Fiel'Aristarchus'.  nondicet,  "  Car  ego  amicum  450 

Offendam'in  nugis  t"    HsBnugae  seria  ducent  '■ -- 
In  mala  derisum  semel  exceptum(|ue  sini.«trp.     ^^ 

Ut  mala  que.m  scabies  aut  morbus  regius'urget,Av^\A4-«A<^ 
^.ut  fanaticus  ferrof/et  iracufi^a  Bifema  ; 

"Vesatium  tetigi^se  timent  fugiuntque  poetam,  455 

Qui  sapiunt ;  a|rtant  puejr^^  mcau^ique  sequuntur. 
Hic,  dum  sublimes  versus  VijctalW,  et  errat, 
Si  veluti  meruJ.is  intentusdejcidit  auceps 
In  pi^teurn^o^eSnv^,  \\M^''  Succurrity  lon^um     . 
Clamet,  "  lo  cive|J^n  sk  quT^re;  cm;et.  460 

I   Si  curet  quis^opem  t^rTet  dehmfere  lunen^, 
'*^**^<3u8Bci^'an'' 


Tprudens  huc  se  dejecerit,  atque  ^, 

Servari  nolit  ?  "  dicam  ;  Siculique  poetae  ,  ,      ^^  ^ 

Narrabo  interitum  :  '*  deus  immortalis  haberf^'^^ 
Dunl^^^cuplt^^Empedocles,  ardentem  frigidus  ^Etnam  465 

Insiluit.     Sit  jus,  liceatque  perire  poetis  : 
Invitum  qui  servat,  idem  facit  occidenti : 


.  ^.  .         ■  ARS  POETICA.  IQo 

A^^M^^  ^®""®^  ^*^^  ^^^*  •  nec,  si  retractus  erit,  jJlir^^  '  ^  "^'*^ 
Fiet  homo,  et  ponet  fanio^a9^-mortis  amorem. 
xfo-)Si%l4fe  ^Vi^^t^  ^"^  ^^''^"s  factitet ;  utrunf^^  M,W  '^^470 
jylinxerirm  f)'atfibl  cineres,  an  triste  bidental 
Moverit  incestus  :  certe%?ft;*^^  vJrtP^ufsus '"  ' 
Objectos  caveae  valuit  si  frangere  cJathros, 
Indoctum  doctuinqiie  lu|^^recitator  acerbus  ^t.v^u^ 
Quem  veroarri^uit,  tenet,  occiditquelegendb,''^'^' '        475 
Non  missura  cutem,  nisi  plena  cruoris,  hirudo." 

17 


A  KEY 


TO  THE  METRES  USED  BY  HORACE. 


HoRACE  uses  twenty  different  kinds  of  Measure,  or  varie- 
ties  of  Metre.  These  are  combined  in  sixteen  different  ways, 
forming,  of  course,  sixteen  different  Strophes,  or  Stanzas.*  In 
order  to  know  to  which  of  these  combinations  any  ode  be- 
longs,  we  have  only  to  find  the  first  words  of  that  ode  in  the 
following  Alphabetical  Index  ;  and  against  them  is  placed  the 
number  of  the  combination  to  which  it  belongs,  and  according 
to  which  it  may  be  scanned.  For  instance  ;  suppose  it  were 
desired  to  know  the  kind  of  verse  contained  in  the  First  Ode 
of  the  First  Book  ;  look  in  the  Alphabetical  Index  on  the  next 
page,  and  find  there  the  first  words,  Mmcenas  atavis  ;.B,nd 
against  them  stands  VII.  No.  VII,  then,  of  the  Combinations 
on  page  198,  informs  you  that  the  verse  is  Asclepiadean ;  and 
shows  you  how  it  may  be  scanned.  In  the  same  way  the 
method  of  scanning  every  ode  in  Horace  may  be  known,  by 
finding  the  first  words  of  it  in  the  Index,  and  referring  to  the 
number  against  it,  in  the  Combinations. 

*  A  strophe,  or  stanza,  includes  as  many  lines  as  are  necessary  to 
show  all  the  difFerent  kinds  of  measure  in  an  ode.  It  is  called  strophe, 
which,  in  Greek,  Uterally  means  a  turning,  because,  at  the  end  of  it,  you 
tiirn  back  to  the  sanie  kind  of  verse  with  which  you  began. 


196 


ALPHABETICAL  INDEX  TO  THE  ODES, 

EXHIBITING     THE     FIRST      WORDS     OF     EACH,     AND     THE      NUMBER      OF 


THE    STANZA    ACCORDING    TO    WHICH    EACH    IS    TO    BE    SCANNED. 


JEli,  vetusto No.  I 

^quam  meraento    ...  .     I 

Altera  jam  teritur    ....     XII 

Angustam  amice I 

At,  o  deorum IV 

Audivere,  Lyce VI 

Bacchum  in  remotis     .     .     .     .     I 

Beatus  ille IV 

Coelo  supinas I 

Ccelo  tonantem I 

Cur  me  qucrelis I 

Delicta  majorum I 

Descende  coelo I 

Dianam  tenerae VI 

Diflfugere  nives XIII 

Dive,  quem  proles II 

Divis  orte  bonis V 

Donarem  pateras     ....     VII 

Eheu !  fugaces I 

Est  mihi  nonum II 

Et  thure  et  fidibus  ....  III 
Exegi  monumentum  .  .  .  VII 
Faune,  Nympharum  .  .  .  .II 
Festo  quid  potius  die     .     .     .      HI 

Herculis  ritu II 

Horrida  tempestas  ....   XIV 

Ibis  Liburnis IV 

Icci  beatis I 

Ille  et  nefasto I 

Impios  parrae II 

Inclusam  Danaen V 

Intactis  opulentior  ....      III 

Integer  vitae II 

Jam  jam  efficaci X 

Jam  pauca  aratro I 

Jam  satis  terris II 

Jam  veris  comites V 

Justum  ac  tenacem      ....     I 

Laudabunt  aUi VIII 

Lupis  et  agnis IV 

Lydia,  dic  per  omnes  ...       XI 

Maecenas  atavis VII 

Mala  soluta IV 

Martiis  coelebs II 

Mercuri,  facunde II 

Mercuri,  nam  te II 

Montium  custos II 

Motum  ex  Metello       ....     1 

Musis  amicus I 

Natis  in  usum •     1 


Ne  forte  credas  .  . 
Nolis  longa  ferae 
Non  ebur,  neque  aureum 
Non  semper  imbres 
Non  usitata  •.  .  . 
NuUam,  Vare,  sacrd 
Nullus  argento  . 
Nunc  est  bibendum 
O  crudeUs  adhuc 
0  diva,  gratum  .  . 
O  fons  BandusioB 
O  matre  pulchra. 
0  nata  mecum  .  . 
0  navis,  referent 
O  sa;pe  mecum  .  . 
0  Venus,  regina 
Odi  profanum  .  . 
Otium  divos  .  .  . 
Parcus  deorum  '.  . 
Parentis  olim  .  . 
Pastor  quum  traheret 
Persicos  odi,  puer  . 
Phoebe,  silvarumque 
Phcebus  volentem  . 
Pindarum  quisquis  . 
Poscimur,  si  quid  . 
Quae  cura  Patrum  . 
Qualem  ministrum  . 
Quando  repostum  . 
Quantum  distet  ab  Inacho 
Quem  tu,  Melpomene 
Quem  virum  aut  heroa 
Quid  bellicosus  .  . 
Quid  detiicatum  .  . 
Quid  immerentes  . 
Quis  desiderio  ;  . 
Quo  me,  Bacche 
Quo,  quo  scelesti  ruitis 
Rccti^s  vives  •.  . 
Sciiberis  Vario  .  . 
Septimi,  Gades  .  . 
Sic  te  diva  potcns  . 
Solvitur  acris  hiems 
Te  maris  ct  terrae  . 
Tu  ne  quaesieris 
Tyrrhena  regum 
Velox  amcenum  . 
Vides  ut  alta  .  .  . 
Vile  potabis  ,  . 
Vixi  choreis   .     .     . 


No.  I 

.   V 

XVI 

.     I 

.     I 

IX 

.  II 

.     I 

IX 

.   1 

.VI 

.   I 
.   I 

.VI 

.  I 

.  II 

.  I 

.  II 

.  I 

.IV 

.   V 

II 

.  II 

.  I 

.  II 

.  II 

.  I 

.  I 

.IV 

III 

III 

.  II 

.   I 

.   I 

.IV 
.   V 

III 

.IV 

.  II 

.   V 

.  II 
III 

XV 

VIH 

IX 

.  I 

.  I 

.  I 

.  II 

.  I 


197 


COMBINATION   OF  METRES. 

THE  VARIOUS   COMBINATIOIVS  OF  THE  DIFFERENT  METRE8. 

No.  I.  The  stanza  of  four  lines.  The  first  two  are 
greater  Alcaic,  measured  thus :  a  spondee  or  iambus,  an  iam- 
bus  with  a  cajsura,  then  two  dactyles ;  as, 

Vides  ut  alta  stet  nive  candidum. 
III  I 

The  third  line  is  Archilochian,  measured  thus  :  the  first  and 
third  feet  are  spondees  or  iambi ;  the  second  and  fourth,  iam- 
bi,  with  a  csesura  remaining ;  as, 

Sllvae  laborantes  geluque. 
I        I  I         I 

The  fourth  line  is  lesser  Alcaic,  measured  by  two  dactyles  a»d 
two  trochees ;  as, 

Flumina  constiterlnt  Scuto. 
I  I  I 

This  is  caUed  the  Horatian  stanza,  because  Horace  de- 
lighted  in  it  ahove  all  others.  More  than  one  third  of  his 
odes  are  in  this  stanza. 

No.  II.  The  stanza  of  four  lines.  The  first  three  lines 
are  Sapphic,  measured  by  a  trochee,  spondee,  dactyle,  and 
then  two  trochees ;  as, 

Jam  sStls  terrls  nivis  atqug  dlrae. 
I  II  1 

The  fourth  lineis  Adonic,  consisting  of  a  dactyle  andspondee; 

as, 

Terruit  Qrbem 


No.  III.  The  stanza  of  two  lines.     The  first  is  Glyconic, 
measured  by  a  spondee,  choriambus,  and  pyrrhichius ;  as, 

Sic  te  divS  potens  Cypri 
I  1 

Or  thus ;  Sic  te  divS  potens  Cypri 

I  I 

The  second  is  Asclepiadean,  consisting  of  a  spondee,  two 
cboriambi,  and  a  pyrrhichius ;  as, 

Slc  fratres  H6l6nas  lucida  sidgri. 

'  I  I        .        I 

Or  thus ;  Sic  fratres  Hgl^nae  lacid&  sldSrft. 

'        '   '      ' 


198  COMBINATION  OF  METRES. 

No.  IV.  The  stanza  of  two  lines.  The  first  has  six  iambi, 
the  second  has  four.  But  sometimes  a  spondee,  dactyle,  ana- 
paest,  or  tribrachys,  is  admitted  into  the  odd  places ;  that  is, 
in  the  first,  third,  and  fifth.  A  tribrachys  is  also  found  in  the 
even  places.     The  first  nine  Epodes  are  in  this  stanza. 

No.  V.  The  stanza  of  four  lines ;  three  Asclepiads  and 
one  Glyconic.     See  No.  III. 

No.  VI.  The  stanza  of  four  lines.  The  first  two  are  As^ 
clepiadeaii,  the  third  is  Pherecratian,  consisting  of  a  spondee, 
dactyle,  and  spondee ;  as, 

Grato  Pyrrha  sub  antro. 


The  fourth  line  is  Glyconic,  No.  III. 

No.  VII.  The  stanza  of  one  line.     Asclepiadean ;  measur- 
ed  by  a  spondee,  two  choriambi,  and  a  pyrrhichius;  as, 

Maecenas  atavls  edite  regibus. 

I         I 


Or  more  easily,  by  a  spondee,  a  dactyle,  and  a  caesura,  and 
then  two  dactyles ;  thus, 

Maecenas  atSvIs  edite  regibus. 


No.  VIII.  The  stanza  of  two  lines.     A  hexameter,  and  the 
last  four  feet  of  a  hexameter  ;  as, 

Laudabunt  aiTl  claram  Rhodon  aut  Mitylenen. 


Aut  Ephgsam  bimarlsvg  Corlnthi. 

I         I 


No.  IX.  The  stanza  of  one  line,  measured  by  a  spondee, 
three  choriambi,  and  a  pyrrhichius  ;  as, 

Ttl  n6  qu£esi6ris  scirS  nefas  quem  mThl  quem  tibl. 

III  I 

No.  X.  The  stanza  of  one  line,  containing  six  iambi,  or 
Other  feet,  in  the  odd  piaces. 


COMBINATION  OF  METRES.  199 

No.  XI.  The  stanza  of  two  lines.  The  first  is  measured 
by  a  choriambus  and  a  bacchius ;  the  second,  by  three  chori- 
ambi  and  a  bacchius. 

Lydia  dic  per  omnes, 
Te  Deos  oro  Sybarln  cur  properes  amando. 


Observe,  however,  in  the  second  line,  that  the  first  choriam- 
bus  is  imperfect,  having  its  third  syllable  long  instead  of 
short. 

No.  XII.  The  stanza  of  two  lines ;  the  first  line  hexame- 
ter,  the  second  containing  six  iambi,  admitting  other  feet  in 
the  odd  places. 

No.  XIII.  The  stanza  of  two  lines;  the  first  a  hexameter, 
the  second  having  two  dactyles  and  a  caesura;  as, 

Arboribusque  comae. 


No.  XIV.  The  stanza  of  three  lines.  The  first  is  a  hex- 
ameter ;  the  second  has  four  iambi,  admitting  spondees  in  the 
odd  places ;  and  the  third  line  has  two  dactyles  and  a  caesura, 
as  in  the  preceding  No. 

No.  XV.  The  stanza  of  two  lines.  The  first  line  contains 
seven  feet,  of  which  the  first  four  are  either  dactyles  or  spon- 
dees ;  the  last  three  are  trochees ;  as, 

Solvitur  acris  hiems  grata  vice  veris  et  Favoni. 


The  second  line  has  five  iambi  and   a  remaining  syllable, 
admitting  spondees  as  before  ;  as, 

Trahuntque  siccas  machinae  carinas. 

I       I      I      I    I 

No.  XVI.  The  stanza  of  two  lines.     The  first  has  three 
iambi,  preceded  by  a  long  syllable ;  as, 

Non  ebur  nequ'  aureum 


The  second  has  five  iambi  and  a  csesura,  admitting  spon- 
dees  in  the  odd  places. 


NOTES. 


BOOK  I. 


ODE  1. 

This  ode  is  supposed  to  have  been  written  by  Horace,  after  the 
completion  of  some  of  his  works,  as  a  dedication  ofthemto  Mjece- 
nas,  his  patron  and  friend.  The  poet  describes  with  much  fehcity 
the  diflferent  views  of  men  with  respect  to  happiness,  and  portrays 
some  of  their  ruling  passions.  In  conclusion,  he  compliments 
Majcenas  on  his  taste  for  the  fine  arts,  and  his  love  of  learning,  by 
intimating  that  he  sliall  not  consider  his  own  claims  to  rank  with 
the  lyric  poets  established,  without  the  sanction  of  his  judg-ment. 

1.  Atavis  edite  regibus :  '  descended  from  regal  ancestors.'  Mae- 
cenas,  so  long  distinguished  as  the  favorite  of  Augustus,  and  stLU 
more  so  for  the  protection  and  encouragement  which  he  afforded 
to  men  of  learning  and  of  genius,  was  descended  from  the  ancient 
kings  of  Etruria  or  Tuscany.  To  him,  says  Mr.  Sanadon,the  pres- 
ent  world  is  in  a  great  measure  indebted  for  all  the  wit  and  learn- 
ing  of  the  Augustan  age  ;  and  even  at  this  day  the  name  of  Ma;ce- 
nas  is  a  title  not  unworthy  of  persons  of  the  noblest  character,  who 
know,  like  him,  how  to  animate  the  spirit  of  emulation  among  wri- 
ters  by  their  favor  and  generosity. 

2.  O  et  prrtsidium :  with  much  propriety  Horace  addresses  him 
as  his  guardian  and  deUghtful  honor;  since  Maecenas  not  only 
procured  his  pardon  from  Augustus,  for  figlidng  against  liim  with 
Brutus  and  the  republicans  at  Phihppi,  but  even  brought  hiin  into 
peculiar  favor  with  tliat  illustrious  personage.  * 

6.  Dominos :  this  word  must  be  referred  to  deos ;  and  is  not  the 
object  of  evehitf  as  some  have  supposed,  applying  it  to  the  llo- 
mans. 

7.  Hunc  :  sc.  juvat;  i.  e.  one  ambitious  of  political  distinction. 

8.  Ter^^iinis  tollere  horwribus :  '  to  raise  him  to  the  highest 
honors.*  ^ne  *^ord  tergeminis  is  probably  used  in  reference  to 
the  three  highest  grades  of  office  among  the  Romans,  viz.  the  sedile- 
Bhip,  the  prsBtorship,  and  the  consulshi[ 

9.  lUum :  sc.  juvat ;  L  e.  anothc^^^P  ruling  passion  is 
wealth. 


ODES.    BOOK  I.  201 

10.  Qiddquid  .  .  .  areis :  '  all  the  grain  that  is  colkcted  from  Lyb- 
ian  threshing-floors.'     Lybia  was  a  part  of  Africa  particularly  fer- 

tile  in  grain. 

12.  Atlalicis  conditionihus  :  'by  the  wealth  of  Attalus  ;'  who  was 
king  of  Pergamus,  and  immensely  rich.  Having  no  children,  he 
made  the  commonwealth  of  Rome  his  heir. 

13.  jYunqiiam  dimoveas  :  '  you  can  never  induce.' — Trabe  Cy- 
prid:  '  in  a  vessel  of  Cyprus.'  This  epithet  is  used  because  Cy- 
prus  was  at  that  time  so  distinguished  for  its  commerce. 

14.  Myrtoum  :  The  Myrtoan  sea  is  a  part  of  the  vEgean,  so  call- 
ed  from  the  island  Myrtus. 

20.  Solido  .  .  .  die :  i.  e.  to  break  in  upon  the  hours  of  the  day 
usually  devoted  to  labor,  and  indulge  in  drinking  at  his  ease. 

24.  Matrihus  detestata :  'abhorred  by  mothers;'  because  they 
are  deprived  of  their  sons  by  war. 

25.  Sub  Jove  frigido :  by  remaining  all  night  '  in  the  cold  air,' 
the  huntsman  shows  the  strength  of  his  ruling  passion. 

28.  Teretes  :  '  well  wrought.' 

29.  Me  :  Wakefield  and  some  otliers  think  that  the  whole  ten- 
or  of  the  ode  requires  Te  in  this  place,  as  referring  to  the  poefs 
patron  Msecenas,  and  have  substituted  that  word :  but  the  manu- 
scripts  do  not  authorize  this  change.  The  meaning  probably  is, 
the  ivy  crowns,  bestowed  as  the  reward  of  learned  men,  (or  ofsuccess- 
ful  poets,)  delight  ine  above  all  things. 

34.  Lesboilm  :  Horace  calls  the  lyre  '  Lesbian,' because  Alcaeus, 
the  most  eminent  of  the  lyric  poets,  and  some  others,  belonged  to 
Lesbos. 

For  an  explanation  of  the  kind  of  verse  used  in  this  and  the  sub- 
sequent  odes,  the  student  is  referred  to  the  metrical  key. 


ODE  II. 

The  early  commentators  were  no  doubt  in  an  error  in  supposing 
this  ode  to  have  been  written  in  comphment  to  Octavius  upon  the 
prodigies  which  appeared  soon  after  the  assassination  of  his  uncle 
JuUus  Csesar ;  for  at  that  time  Horace  was  at  Athens,  and  he  af- 
terwards  espoused  tne  cause  of  Brutus  ;  and  it  is  hardly  probable, 
while  enlisted  under  his  banners,  that  the  poet  would  have  address- 
ed  a  prayer  for  the  preservation  of  Octavius,  or  invoked  vengeance 
upon  his  own  party. 

The  following  historical  facts,  mentioned  by  Dion  Cassius,  ex- 
plain  several  passages  in  the  ode,  and  give  a  much  more  natural 
occasion  for  writing  it. 

Octavius  received  the  surname  of  Augustus  on  the  17th  of 
January,  in  the  yearof  Rome  727 ;  and  on  the  night  foUowing 
there  was  a  very  u^MfeB^n  inundation  of  the  Tiber.  A  short 
time  before  this,  O^iP^Hv^d  addressed  the  senate,  and  intima- 
ted  his  intention  of  re^^Bg  the  supreme  power.    He  said  his  ob- 


202  NOTES 

ject  in  assuming  it  was  to  avenge  the  death  of  Csesar,  and  to  free 
Rome  from  the  calamities  under  which  it  was  suffering. 

The  poet  therefore  avails  himself  of  these  incidents  to  address 
Augustus,  as  the  tutelary  divinity  of  Rome;  and,  after  compliment- 
ing  him  very  delicately  under  the  character  of  Mercury,  exhorts 
hun  to  cherish  the  blessings  of  peace  at  home,  and  to  defend  the 
Roman  people  from  foreign  foes. 

6.  SfEculiim  PyrrhcB  :  Pyrrha  was  the  wife  of  Deucalion,  king 
of  Thessaly,  in  whose  time  tlie  deluge  came.  Pyrrha  may  well 
be  thdught  to  have  complained  of  '  strange  prodigies,'  which  the 
Romans  were  apprehensivc  were  about  to  be  rencwed. 

13.  Flavum  .  .  .  undi^ :  Our  Avord  '  yellow'  but  poorly  expresses 
the  meaning  o^  Jlavus,  when  applied  to  the  Tiber  at,  or  near  to 
Rome.  This  river  is  there  deep,  rapid,  and  exceedingly  turbid, 
from  the  quantities  of  sand  and  loam  usually  blended  with  its  wa- 
ter ;  especially  after  rains,  which  give  it  a  tawny  or  muddy  color ; 
its  appearance  is  extremely  unpoetic,  and  anything  but'yellow.' 
About  the  first  of  January,  1830,  the  Tiber  rose  fourteen  feet  in 
twanty-fourhours  ;  and  Avhen  it  subsided,  the  alluvial  deposits  along 
tlie  stone  steps  of  the  quay  in  Rome  were  from  six  to  eight  inches 
deep.  The  predominant  color  of  these  deposits  was  nearly  that  of 
half-dned  clay ;  and  this  is  the  prevailing  color  of  the  Tiber  at 
Rome. — Retortis  :  '  being  driven  back.'  The  Tiber  flows  into  the 
Tuscan  sea,  but  in  this  instance,  being  driven  up  by  a  violent  tem- 
pest  against  its  current,  already  swollen  by  rains  and  snow,  it 
seemed  to  roU  backwards. — Littore  Etrusco  :  '  from  the  shore  of  the 
Tuscan  sea.'  « 

15.  Monumenla  regis  :  i.  e.  the  monument  of  Numa  Pompilius. 

17.  IlifB :  the  construction  is,  dum  amnis  uxorius  jactat  Ilicz^ 
nimiiim  querenti,  se  fore  ultorem  necis  Csesaris  et  vagus  lubitur  ripd 
sinistrd,  Jove  non  probanie.  Ilia,  called  also  Rhea  Silvia,  was  the 
mother  of  Romulus.  She  was  thrown  by  Amulius  into  the  Tiber, 
or  ratherinto  tlie  Anio,  near  where  it  empties  into  the  Tiber,  which 
is  therefore  called  her  husband,  and  made  to  avenge  her  wrongs. 
Ilia  may  be  said  to  have  carried  her  complaints  concerning  thc 
death  of  Caesar  too  far ;  since  thcy  brought  such  destruction  upon 
Rome  ;  which  Jupiter,  as  its  tutelary  divinity,  did  not  approve. 

Doering  considers  niminm  an  adjective,  agreeing  with  uUorem ; 
"  nimiu7n  non  ?id  querenti,  sed  ad  ultorem  referendum  esse  puto; 
nimius  enim  fuit  ultor  Tiberis,  sive  modum  in  ulciscendo  uxoris 
suse  dolore  excessit,  dum  tantarn  ruinam  RomsB  sedificiis  molieba- 
tur."     This  certainly  appears  very  consistent. 

Rome  was  chiofly  built  on  the"left  or  eastern  bank  ofthe  Tiber, 
siyiistrd  ripd,  which,  being  somewhat  lower  than  the  other,  was  pe- 
culiarly  exposed  to  the  inundation. 

23.  Vitio  parentum :  i.  e.  the  youth  would  be  few  in  number  in 
consequence  of  thc  civil  wars  in  which  their  fathers  engaged. 

27.  Miniis  audientem  :  Vesta  was  displeased  with  the  Romans, 
on  account  of  the  death  of  Csesar,  and  of  the  civil  wars  in  which 
they  engaged. 


ODES.    BOOK  1.  203 

36.  Auctor :  i.  e.  Mars,  who,  as  the  father  of  Romulus,  was  con- 
sidered  the  founder  of  the  Roman  nation. 

41.  Sive  mutatd  . . .  MaicB :  '  or  if,  havmg  changed  thy  form,  wing- 
ed  son  of  fair  Maia,  thou  assumest  that  of  a  youthful  hero  on  earth.' 
The  compUments  here  paid  to  Augustus  are  the  more  deUcate  for 
being  addressed  to  Mercury,  and  for  the  conceahnent  of  tlie  real 
object  of  them  to  the  very  last,  when  the  ode  terminates  with  the 
name  of  CcBsar. 

ODE  III. 

Horace  and  Virgil  were  closely  unitedby  the  bonds  of  afFection 
and  friendship,  as  well  as  by  simOarity  of  taste  and  kindred  pur- 
suits. 

This  ode  was  written  on  the  embarkation  of  Virgil  for  Athens, 
where  he  expected  to  meet  the  emperor,  on  his  return  from  Asia. 
Virgil  had  intended  to  accompany  Augustus  in  his  eastern  expe- 
dition,  but  was  prevented  by  ill  health.  He,  however,  met  him  at 
Athens,  but  he  was  soon  after  taken  ill  at  Megara,  and  brought 
back  to  Italy  at  his  own  request,  and  landed  at  Brundusium ; 
where  he  died  a  few  days  afler.  So  that  this  was  in  factHorace's 
farewell  address  to  his  friend.  He  expresses  great  interest  and 
feeling  on  the  occasion ;  and  even  goes  so  far  as  to  execrate  the 
invention  of  ships,  and  to  call  th6  art  of  navigation  impious,  as  vio- 
lating  the  intention  of  the  gods. 

2.  Fratres  Helence:  Castor  and  Pollux,  sons  of  Leda. 

3.  Ventorum  .  .  .  pater :  i.  e.  ^olus,  whom  Homer  represents  as 
confining  the  winds  in  a  bag,  and  Virgil  as  confining  them  in  a  cave. 

4.  lapyga :  The  Idpyx  was  a  westerly  wind,  and  the  most  fa- 
vorable  for  those  sailing  from  Italy  to  Athens.  It  was  so  called 
from  lapygts^  the  inhabitants  of  Apulia,  from  which  this  wind  blew 
towards  Athens. 

7.  Reddas :  sc.  ut.  Tbis  passage  may  be  rendered  thus  :  '  O  ship, 
that  owest  to  the  sbores  of  Attica  Virgil,  intrusted  to  thee,  I  pray 
that  the  queen  of  Cyprus,  the  bright  stars,  Castor  and  Pollux,  and 
the  sovereign  of  the  winds,  restraining  all  but  the  lapyx,  may  so 
direct  you,  that  you  may  deliver  him  in  safety.' 

14.  Hyadas  :  The  Hyades  are  a  constellation  at  the  head  of  the 
BuU,  commonly  known  by  the  name  of  the  Seven  Stars.  They 
are  called  tristes,  because  their  rising  and  setting  are  firequently 
attended  Avith  rain. 

18.  Monstra  natantia:  'the  hideous  monsters  of  the  deep  swim- 
ming  around  him.'  The  ancients  feared  above  all  things  a  death 
which  deprived  them  of  a  burial ;  as  in  that  case  they  were  not  per- 
mitted  to  pass  the  Styx,  and  be  at  rest,  for  a  hundred  years. 

20.  Acroceraunia :  from  axoov,  'the  summit,'  and  xiQawog,  'thun- 
der' ;  a  high  promontory  in  Epirus,  between  the  Adriatic  and  the 
lonian  sea,  whose  summit  was  often  struck  with  thunder ;  called 
if\famt8,  because  Augustus  came  near  being  shipwrecked  there. 


204  NOTES. 

26.  JVefas :  '  O  impious  !'  This  pointing  was  adopted  by  Didot 
to  avoid  the  flatness  of  joining  vetitum  with  ncfas,  in  tlie  usual  way. 

27.  lapeti  genus  :  i.  e.  Prometheus.     See  Class.  Dict. 

32.  Seinoti  .  .  .  gradiun :  '  and  the    necessity    of  death,   before 
slow,  and  at  a  distance,  quickened  its  step.' 


ODE  IV. 

In  the  first  part  of  this  ode  the  poet  describes  the  joy  and  beau- 
ty  of  returning  spring.  He  proceeds  to  exhort  his  friend  Sextius 
to  seize  the  pleasures  that  offer  themselves,  and,  according  to  the 
philosophy  of  the  Epicureans,  he  reminds  him  of  the  shortness  of 
life,  as  a  motive  for  enjoying-  present  gratifications. 

5.  Cytherea  choros  ducit  Venus :  this  refers  to  the  feasts  of  Ve- 
nus,  which  were  celebrated  by  young  women  witli  dances  and 
hymns  in  honor  of  the  goddess.  They  began  on  the  first  of  April, 
'  by  the  light  of  the  moon,'  imminente  lund,  and  continued  three 
nights  successively. 

11.  Immxtlare  :  so  deeply  were  the  ancient  heathens  impressed 
with  the  idea  of  the  goodness  of  some  overruling  power,  manifest- 
ed  in  the  return  of  tlie  seasons,  that  they  offered  stated  sacrifices 
in  gratitude  for  this  proof  of  continued  care. 

18.  JSfon  regna  .  .  .  talis :  'you  will  not  choose  a  king  of  the 
feast  by  a  cast  of  the  dice.'  This  refers  to  the  practice  of  choos- 
ing  some  one  to  preside  over  them  at  their  feasts,  whom  they  were 
all  bound  to  obey,  and  obliged  to  drink  as  he  directed.  This  per- 
son  was  styled  'king,'  and  was  chosen  by  throwing  the  dice, 
which  had  on  their  different  sides  the  figures  of  Saturn,  Jupiter, 
Mars,  Apollo,  Venus,  and  Diana.  He  who  first  tiirew  a  Venus 
presided. 

ODE  V. 

Marcus  Vipsanius  Agrippa  was  a  distinguished  general,  and  so 
much  esteemed  by  Augustus,  that  he  gave  him  his  daughter  Julia 
in  marriage.  Agrippa  wished  his  achievements  to  be  celebrated 
by  Horace,  who,  while  he  excuses  himself  from  the  more  laborious 
and  responsible  task  of  writing  a  formal  poem,  ingeniously  pays 
him  the  most  flattering  compliment.  He  intimates  that  Agrippa's 
martial  glory  deserves  the  strains  of  a  loftier  genius  than  his  own; 
that  his  was  the  lyric  muse,  and  fit  only  for  Ught  or  trifling  sub- 
jrrts ;  but  that  Varius,  gifted  with  the  subhmest  inspirations  of  the 
epic  muse,  would  sing  his  praises  in  strains  worthy  of  the  subject 

Most  commentators  have  thouglit  this  ode  mercly  an  excuse  o* 
Horace  for  not  doing  that  which  he  had  no  disposition  to  do.  But 
the  fulness  of  the  praises  bestowed  renders  this  conjecture  super- 
fluous.  It  is  probably  only  an  instance,  among  rnany,  of  his  artful- 
ly  performing  what  he  pretends  to  decline  doing 


ODS.3.    LOOK  I.  205 

2.  MfEonii  cm^minis  aliti  :  'that  bird  of  Homeric  strains.'  Aliti 
refers  to  Vario,  in  the  dative  case,  iised  instead  of  the  ablative ; 
as  neque  cernitur  uUi,  for  ab  ullo.  Virg".  ^n.  I.-  440.  Homer  be- 
lono-ed  to  Smyrna,  a  city  of  Mseonia,  or  Lydia, 

7.  Duplicis  :  '  crafty,  double-dealing.'  This  epithet  is  very  apt- 
ly  applied  to  Ulysses.  The  genitive  tJTyssei  comes  from  Ulysseus, 
the  ancient  formr 

8.  JVec  .  .  .  domum. :  i.  e.  nor  the  cruel  murders  committed  by 
the  family  of  Pelops,  which  have  furnished  so  fruitful  a  subject  for 
the  traofic  muse  of  Sophocles. 

ODE  VI. 

L.  Munatius  Plancus,  a  gentleman  of  fortune  and  of  consular 
dignity,  had  joined  the  republican  party  with  Brutus  and  Cassius  ; 
but  after  the  defeat  of  his  party  at  Philippi,  he  joined  x^ugustus. 
He  was  cordially  received,  and  treated  with  great  respect  by  Au- 
gustus  ;  but  being  afterwards  induced  by  the  friends  of  Antony  to 
believe,  that,  with  the  aid  of  Cleopatra,  the  republicans  mightstiU 
be  successful,  he  went  over  to  Antony.  He  found,  however,  that 
things  were  less  favorable  than  they  had  been  represented,  and 
returned  again  to  the  ruling  party.  After  this  he  was  not  very 
cordially  received  by  Augustus.  And  feeling  that  he  did  not  stand 
well  at  court,  he  retired  to  his  country  seat  at  Tibur.  Here,  prob- 
ably  under  some  apprehensions  for  his  safety,  Plancus  became 
melancholy  and  unhappy.  Horace,  his  friend,  writes  this  ode  to 
him  ;  offering  such  reasons  as  his  ingenuity  suggested,  to  induce 
him  to  abandon  his  ill  bodings,  and  become  cheerful.  A  sociai 
glass  with  his  old  friends,  he  says,  will  do  much  towards  removing 
his  melancholy. 

"    5.   Quibus  unum  opus  est :  '  whose  only  employment  is.' — Intac- 
t(E  Palladis  arces :  i.  e.  Athens. 

7.  Undique  decerpiam :  i.  e.  '  gathered  from  any  quarter.'  But 
this  is  not  very  satisfactory.  Doering  and  some  others  read  Indk- 
que,  which  removes  the  difficulty  felt  by  all  commentators.  That 
is,  they  spend  their  time  in  celebrating  Athens,  and  in  binding 
their  temples  with  the  olive  wreaths  gathered  from  thence  ;  or  in 
acquiring  fame  from  this  subject. 

8.  In  Junonis  honorem :  Argos  and  Mycenae  are  said  to  be 
celebrated  '  in  honor  of  Juno,'  because  she  was  particularly  wor- 
shipped  in  these  cities. 

10.  Patiens :  this  epithet  is  applied  to  Lacedsemon  in  allusion 
to  the  severity  of  discipline  to  which  its  inhabitants  submitted, 
and  to  the  rigor  of  its  laws. 

11.  Percussit:  'has  charmed.'  The  poet  means  tosay;  after 
all,  none  of  these  places  have  so  much  delighted  me,  as  your  de- 
lightful  residence  at  Tibur,  near  the  fountain  of  Albunea,  where 
the  cascades,  the  groves,  the  melody  of  birds,  and  a  pure  atmos- 
phere,  unite  their  charms. 

18 


206  NOTES. 

12.  Donius  Alhune(E  resonantis  :  various  liave  been  the  conjec- 
tures  as  to  the  meaninof  of  tliese  words.  There  was  at  Tibur, 
now  Tivoli,  a  wood,  and  near  it  a  small  lake  or  fountain,  each  called  * 
Albunca,  from  a  Sibyl  of  that  name,  whose  temple  still  remains  al- 
most  entire  on  tlio  rock  wliich  causes  and  overhangs  the  first  and 
principal  falls  of  the  Anio  at  Tivoli.  Some  commentators  suppose 
the  poet  speaks  of  the  country-seat  of  Plan^us  near  this  spot,  and 
eome  that  he  rcfers  to  a  deep  cavern  in  the  rock  just  below  the 
falls,  into  which  the  waters  rush  with  a  great  noise ;  while  others 
imderstand  him  to  mean  the  tcmple  of  the  Sibyl,  who  in  her  re- 
eponses  is  represented  asreecJioing  the  roar  of  the  waterfalls.  This 
temple  js  certainly  a  most  interesting  ruin,  and  it  forms  at  the  pres- 
ent  day  one  of  the  most  strikingly  picturesque  objects  in  tliis  scene 
of  unrivalled  beauty. 

21.  Teucer  .  .  .fugerct:  '  when  Teucer  fled  from  his  native  Sa- 
lamis  and  from  his  father.'  Telamon,  king  of  Salamis,  sent  his 
two  sons,  Teucer  and  Ajax,  to  the  Trojan  war,  under  an  in- 
junction  that  neither  should  return  without  his  brother.  When 
Teucer  returned,  after  the  death  of  Ajax,  Jie  was  banished  by  his 
father,  and  went  to  Cyprus,  where  he  built  another  Salamis.  The 
poet  here  reminds  Plancus,  that  Teucer  did  not  allow  himself  to 
be  depressed,  although  banished  from  his  home  and  country  ;  and 
that  he,  therefore,  should  call  some  of  his  friends  about  liim,  and 
regain  his  elasticity  of  spirit. 

25.  Melior  fortuna  parente  :  '  fortune,  more  kind  than  my  fa- 
ther.' 

29.  Amhignam :  i.  e.  he  would  build  a  ncw  Salamis,  which 
should  so  rival  the  old,  as  to  render  it  doubtful  which  of  them  was 
spoken  of  when  the  name  of  Salamis  should  be  used. 


ODE  VII. 

In  this  ode,  addressed  to  Lydia,  a  female  of  great  beauty,  but  of 
worthless  character,  Horace  draws  the  picture  of  a  youth  who  has 
become  the  victim  of  a  deep  and  destructive  passion. 

2.  Syharin  .  .  .  perdere :  '  why  are  you  hastening  to  destroy  Sy- 
baris  by  cherishing  his  guilty  passion?' 

Sybaris,  a  youth  of  fortune  and  of  ingenuous  character,  having 
yielded  to  the  allurements  of  sensuality,  had  abandoned  his  manly 
exercises  and  liis  former  companions,  and  was  hastening  to  de- 
etruction  by  that  fntal  infatuation  Avhich  has  led  more  youths  to 
perdition  than  the  whole  catalogue  of  other  vices. 

6.  Liipatis :  the  Romans  h.ad  a  kind  of  curb  bits  called  fr(Bni 
lupaiiy  from  their  resemblance  to  the  uneven  teeth  of  a  wolf,  liv- 

pus. 

8.  Olivum:  the  ancients  anointed  their  bodies  with  oil  before 
commencing  their  gymnastic  exercises. 

10.  lAvida:  i.  e.  bruised  by  wearing  heavy  armor. 


OUES.    BOOK  I.  207 

14.  Filium  .  .  .  Thetidis :  Achilles.  Thetis,  the  mother  of 
Achilles,  was  warned  by  an  oracle,  that,  if  he  went  to  the  siege  of 
Troy  with  the  other  Grecian  princes,  he  would  be  slainthere.  To 
prevent  liim  from  going,  she  caused  him  to  be  clad  in  female  at- 
tire,  and  sent  to  the  court  of  Lycomedes,  that  he  might  pass  for 
one  of  his  daughters,  and  escape  discovery.  But  as  another  ora- 
cle  had  declared  that  Troy  could  never  be  taken  without  Achilles, 
Ulysses  was  sent  in  quest  of  him,  and  had  the  art  to  discover  hira 
by  placing  among  some  female  ornaraents  exhibited  before  the 
daughters  of  Lycomedes  a  splendid  sword,  which  was  instantly 
seized  by  Achilles. 

15.  VirUis  cultus  :  '  his  male  attire  :'  i.  e.  a  boy's  dress. 


ODE  VIIL 

It  would  seem,  from  the  tenor  of  this  ode,  that  something  had 
happened  to  disturb  and  depress  the  mind  of  Thaliarchus  ;  and 
that  Horace,  to  enliven  his  friend,  addressed  this  ode  to  him. 

It  is  highly  colored  with  our  poet's  Epicurean  principles,  and 
it  enforces  his  favorite  doctrine,  that  man  should  not  trouble 
himself  about  futurity,  and  that  all  he  has  to  do  is  to  make  the  most 
of  present  enjoyments,  and  to  leave  the  rest  to  the  gods. 

Some  have  supposed  Tlialiarchus  to  be  a  fictitious  name ;  and 
that  the  whole  is  an  imitation  of  an  ode  of  Alcseus. 

1.  AUd  stetnive  candidum  SoTacte :  Soracte,  now  vulgarly  called 
Sant  Oreste,  a  corruption  of  its  modern  name,  Santo  Silvestro,  is  a 
hisfh  mountain  of  Etruria.  It  is  of  a  conical  form,  situated  on  a 
plain,  and  wholly  detached  from  the  range  of  tlie  Apennines,  which 
passes  noar  it.  The  Tiber  sweeps  by  its  base.  This  mountain, 
though  thirty  miles  from  Rome,  is  distinctly  seen  from  that  city, 
and  it  forms  a  very  picturesque  object  in  the  distance.  During  the 
winter  of  1829 — 30,1  observedthatthe  Apennines  were  white  witli 
snow  at  times  when  Soracte  was  free  from  it.  May  not  the  circum- 
stance  of  this  mountain  being  covered  with  deep  snow  be  alluded 
to  by  our  poet  to  imply  that  the  winter  was  unusually  severe  ? 

8.  Diotd  :  this  was  an  earthen  vessel,  containing  about  nine 
gallons,  with  two  ears,  or  handles,  by  wliich  it  was  carried. — Sabi- 
nd:  i.  e.  in  Avhich  Sabine  wine  has  becn  pftt. 

14.  Qiie7n  .  .  .  appone  :  '  every  day  which  fortune  shall  bestow, 
set  down  to  your  gain.' — (^uemcunque  is  divided  by  tmesis. 

16.  Puer :  '  while  young.' 

18.  Campus,  et  arem :  i.  e.  the  Campus  Martius,  and  other  open 
places,  as  courts  and  squares,  in  wliich  the  young  of  both  sexes 
used  to  meet  for  play. 

19.  Lenesque  .  .  .  susurri:  i.  e.  the  soft  whispers  of  lovers,  who 
met  at  these  scenes  of  youthful  recreation. 


igOQ  NOTES. 


ODE  IX. 


This  is  a  hynin  to  Mercury,  supposed  to  have  been  written  for 
one  of  his  febtivals.  There  seems  to  be  nothing  remarkable  in  it, 
except  its  peculiar  eleg-ance  of  expression,  and  its  great  sweetncss 
and  harmony  of  numbers.  It  is  devoted  to  the  praises  of  Mercury, 
and  repeats  his  titles,  and  exalts  his  services.  He  is  represented 
as  fashioning  the  first  race  of  men,  and  cultivating  tlieir  under- 
standings  by  the  study  of  the  arts  and  sciences  ;  while  he  forms 
their  bodies  to  grace  and  strength  by  the  exercises  of  the  palces- 
tra. 

1.  JVepos  Atlantis :  Mercury  was  the  son  of  Jupiter  and  Maia, 
the  daughter  of  Atlas. 

2.  Rccentum  :  i.  e.  rude  and  uncultivated  in  the  early  ages. 

6.  Lyra;  parentem :  Mercury  is  said  to  have  invented  tlie  lyre 
from  accidenta^ly  finding  a  tortoise-shell  on  a  beach,  with  nothing  of 
the  body  rcmaining  but  a  iew  sineAvs,  stretched  across  the  shell. 
These  produccd  a  sound  as  the  wind  swept  through  them,  and 
conveyed  the  idea  wliich  gave  birth  to  the  lyre,  called  testudo  from 
this  circumstance.  Lyric  poets  are  also  called  viri  Mercuriales,  as 
if  under  the  peculiar  guardianship  of  Mercury. 

11.  Viduus  pharetrd :  i.  e.  when  you  were  but  a  boy,  and  Apollo 
was  terrifying  you  with  his  threats,  to  make  you  restore  the  cows 
you  had  mischievously  conveyed  away  awhile  before  ;  he  per- 
ceived  you  had  stolen  his  quiver  also,  and  burst  into  a  laugh. 

13.  Mridas  .  .  .  fefellit:  Homer  says  that  Priam  went  through 
the  Grecian  camp,  with  his  presents  for  the  redemption  of  the  body 
of  his  son  Hector,  unseen  by  the  sentinels  and  everyother  person, 
till  he  arrived  at  the  tent  of  Acliilles. 

14.  Ilio :  The  Latins  used  Hium  in  the  neuter  gender,  and 
Uios  in  the  feminine. 

ODE  X. 

Leuconoe  is  probably  a  fictitious  name,  under  which  some  favor- 
ite  of  the  poet  is  addressed.  He  entreats  her  to  avoid  the  foohsh 
and  wicked  custom,  which  at  that  time  prevailed  at  Rome,  of  con- 
eulting  astrologers  to  know  tlie  futurc  ;  and  endeavors  to  show, 
that  true  wisdom  consists  in  doing  our  duty  and  enjoying  present 
blessings,  without  troubling  ourselves  about  what  is  beyond  our 
powor  to  know. 

1.  Tu  ne  qurrsieris  :  '  do  not  attempt  to  discover.' 

2.  JV('r  Bahylonios  .  .  .  numeros :  '  nor  try  tlie  Babylonian  num- 
bers.'  The  Chahleans  were  famous  for  their  skill  in  mathematics, 
and  particuUirly  in  astrology.  And  some  of  them  pretended  that 
they  couUi  foretell,  by  their  knowledge  of  the  stars,  the  fortunes  of 
any  one,  Un  time  of  whose  nativity  was  given  them.     Their  influ- 


ODES.    BOOK  I.  209 

ence  became  so  baneful  and  mischievous,  that  they  were  banished 
from  Italy  by  a  formal  decree. 

They  had  a  set  of  tables  for  casting  nativities,  which  method  of 
computation  Horace  terms  Bahylonios  tentare  numeros. 

5.  Qw«  .  .  .  Ti/rrhenum  :  '  wliich  now  dashes  the  waves  of  the 
Tuscan  sea  against  the  rocky  shores.'  By  pumicibus  we  may  un- 
derstand  tlie  rocks  corroded  and  worn  away,  so  as  to  resemble 
pumice  stones. — Dehilitat:  '  weakens,  or  exhausts  the  fury  of,' by 
dashing  against  the  rocks. 

6.  Ldques :  The  ancients  used  to  filtrate  their  wine,  to  render 
it  more  pure  and  delicate. 

7.  Reseces  :  '  forbear  to  indulge.' 


ODE  XI. 

This  ode  has  been  called  by  some  a  hymn  to  Jupiter.  The 
principal  object,  hoAvever,  seems  to  have  beenthe  exaltation  of  Au- 
gustus,  which  is  most  effectually  accomplished,  though  indirectly, 
by  blending  his  praises  with  those  of  the  gods  and  of  deified  he- 
roes. 

Dion,  Book  XV.  says,  that,  after  the  victory  at  Actium,  in  which 
Cleopatra,  Mark  Antony  and  the  Egyptian  fleet  were  defeated,  it 
was  decreed  by  the  senate,  that  mention  of  Augustus  should  be 
made  in  their  solemn  hymns,  as  well  as  of  the  immortal  gods.  This 
may  account  for  the  peculiarity  of  this  ode. 

4.  Imago:  i.  e.  echo,  the  'image'  of  the  voice. 

7.  Unde  :  '  from  which  mountain.' — vocalem :  '  while  singing.' 

13.  Qiiid  priiis  .  .  .  laudihus  :  '  what  shall  I  celebrate  before  the 
wonted  praises  of  Jupiter,  parent  of  all?' 

16.  Horis :  '  seasons.' 

18.  Simile  aut  secundum :  '  equal  or  second  in  glory.' 

19.  Proximos :  although  no  one  should  hold  the  second  or  third 
place,  yet  whoever  filled  the  fourth  place  would  be  next  to  him 
who  held  the  first.  So  Pallas,  however  far  removed  from  Jove, 
holds  precedence  of  the  other  divinities. 

22.   Virgo  :  Diana,  the  huntress. 

26.  Hunc  :  Castor. — Hlum  :  Pollux. 

31.   Voluere  :  i.  e.  Castor  and  Pollux.     , 

38.  Superante  Pceno  :  i.  e.  whenHannibal,  the  Carthaginian,  was 
victorious  at  Cannse. 

41.  Hunc  .  .  .  utilem :  '  this  Fabricius,  and  Curius  Dentatus,  with 
hair  uncombed,  a  valiant  warrior.'  Curius  disdained  the  refine- 
ments  of  poUshed  society,  as  marks  of  effeminacy. 

43.  Jlpto  .  .  .  cum  lare :  '  with  a  house  proportioned  to  his  farn:^' 
It  was  a  common  remark  of  Curius,  that  he  was  a  bad  citizen,  who 
was  not  contented  with  seven  acres  of  land. 

4^».  Marcelli :  this  was  probably  that  Marcellus  who  was  five 
times  consul,  and  who  first  taught  the  Romans  that  Hannibal  was 
18* 


210  NOTES. 

not  invincible.  The  poet's  meaning'  is,  that  the  glory  of  the  an- 
cient  Marcellus,  far  from  being'  tarnished  by  tlie  lapse  of  time, 
gains  new  lustre  in  one  of  his  descendants  (i.  e.  the  nephew  of 
Augustus),  and,  as  a  young  shoot  from  an  old  stock,  it  rises  by  in- 
sensible  degrees  to  its  full  strength  and  proportions. 

47.  Julium  sidus :  This  undoubtedly  refers  to  the  young  Mar- 
cellus,  then  scarce  seventeen  years  old,  whose  bright  and  opening 
virtues  ah-eady  reflected  glory  on  the  Julian  family,  and  not,  as 
some  have  supposed,  to  Julius  Csesar.  Tiiis  young  Marcellus,  it 
wiil  be  recollected,  was  the  son  of  Octavia,  the  sister  of  Augustus, 
wlio  had  adopted  Jiim  as  his  successor ;  and  the  youth  to  whom 
Virgil  applied  those  beautiful  and  touching  lines  in  JE,n.  vi.  882, 
886.  Doering  thus  explains  it :  "  inter  omnes,  sc.  alios  Romanorum 
juvenes.  Julium  sidus  :  juvenis  Marcelkis,  sideris  instar  virtutum 
suarum  splendore  gentem  suam  Juliam  illustrans,  spes  ac  decus 
gentis  Juliae." 

50.  Tibi  cara  .  .  .  regnes :  '  to  you,  O  Jove,  has  the  guidance  of 
great  Augustus  been  committed  by  the  Fates :  so  reign,  I  beseech 
you,  that  his  empire  may  be  sccond  to  yours.'  That  is,  as  express- 
ed  in  verses  57  and  53,  may  you  rule  in  heaven,  and  he  upon  the 
earth. 

55.  Subjedos  Orientis  orce  :  '  dwelling  in  the  extreme  borders  of 
the  East.' 

56.  Seras  et  Indos :  '  the  SersB  and  Indians,'  the  most  remote 
nations  of  Asia. 

ODE  XII. 

When  the  Romans,  after  all  their  sufferings  and  privations  by 
the  civii  wars,  were  nevertheless  concerting  measures  for  a  renew- 
al  of  them,  Horace  addresses  them,  or  rather  the  commonwealth, 
under  the  figure  of  a  vessel,  which,  although  shattered  and  dis- 
mantled,  was  preparing  to  trust  itself  again  to  an  unknown  and 
dangerous  sea.  The  allegory  is  continued  Avith  much  force  and 
beauty  throughout  the  ode,  by  which  he  endeavors  to  dissuade 
his  fellow  citizens  from  their  dangerous  enterprise,  and  to  induce 
them  to  make  sure  of  the  blessings  of  peace,  which  were  offered 
under  the  government  of  Augustus. 

1.  JVoviJluctus :  i.  e.  'new  waves'  of  civil  dissension. 

3.  Portum:  this  harbor  means  tlie  peace  offered  by  Augus- 
tus. 

4.  JVudum  remigio  latiis :  the  force  of  the  republican  party  was 
greatly  dimhiislied  by  the  loss  of  sever.d  of  the  principal  leaders; 
tlicy  had  been  defeated  at  Philippi ;  Sextus  Pompeius  had  fled ; 
and  others  were  despondent. 

9.  Lintca :  i.  e.  the  sails,  which  were  rent. 

10.  Di :  i.  e.  the  tutelary  gods,  whose  images  were  usually  pla* 
ced  on  the  stem  of  the  ship,  he  says,  had  forsaken  her.  Their 
images  were  broken  and  washed  away. 


ODES.    BOOK  I.  211 

11.  Pontica  pinus :  the  pine  from  Pontus  was  mobL  esteemed  for 
ship-building. 

17.  J\uper  sollicitum  .  .  .  levis  :  i.  e.  may  you,  who  were  but  re- 
cently  an  object  of  great  anxiety  to  me,  when  in  danger  of  being 
lost,  now  that  you  are  saved  fro.n  wreck,  an  object  of  tender  con- 
cern  and  care,  avoid  the  seas  flowing  among  the  sliining  Cycla- 
des.  These  islands  are  termed  nitentes,  from  the  white  marble, 
which  rendered  them  very  conspicuous  and  beautiful.  They  are 
about  fifty  in  number,  and  so  near  together  as  to  render  the  navi- 
gation  among  them  extremely  dangerous ;  and  are  therefore  to  be 
avoided. 

ODE  XIII. 

It  is  supposed  that  Horace  addressed  this  ode  to  Mark  Antony, 
at  the  time  he  was  ensnared  by  the  love  of  Cleopatra,  and  wa8 
meditating  an  expedition  with  her  against  Italy,  that  he  mightmake 
her  mistress  of  the  Roman  empire,  to  dissuade  liim  from  that  des- 
perate  enterprise.  Torrentius  says,  that  he  saw  an  ancient  manu- 
script,  in  which  the  title  of  this  ode  was,  M  Alcxandrum  Paridem. 
And  there  is  little  doubt  but  a  parallel  is  here  intended  between 
Paris  and  Antony ;  each  of  whom  embarked  for  his  own  country 
with  a  foreign  queen,  to  the  ruin  of  himself  and  those  connected 
with  hun. 

1.  Pastor :  Paris,  in  consequence  of  his  mother's  dream,  that  he 
would  be  the  destruction  of  Troy  and  of  Priam's  house,  was  sent 
away  as  soon  as  he  was  born,  and  committed  to  a  shepherd  on 
mount  Ida,  to  be  brought  up  to  that  mode  of  life,  in  ignorance  of 
his  parentage.  After  he  was  received  and  acknowledged  at  court, 
he  was  frcquently  called  Pastor  Dardanus,  'the  Trojan  shep- 
herd.' 

2.  Perjidus :  Paris  was  a  visitor  at  the  palace  of  Menelaus,  at 
the  time  he  committed  the  treacherous  and  infamous  violation  of 
hospitality,  which  gained  him  this  epithet. 

5.  Mald  .  .  .  avi :  '  with  inauspicious  omen.'  The  Romans  fre- 
quently  took  their  omens  from  birds. 

7.  Conjurata:  the  Grecian  princes  assembled  with  their  forces 
at  Aulis,  where  they  bound  themselves  by  an  oath  not  to  return 
tiU  they  had  destroyed  the  kingdom  of  Priam,  and  avenged  the  in- 
sult  offered  to  their  nation. 

21.  Laertiaden :  Ulysses. 

26.  JVon  auriga  piger :  '  a  spirited  driver,'  when  occasion  re- 
quires. 

32.  J^/on  hoc  .  . .  tu(2 :  i.  e.  quite  difFerent  from  what  you  boast- 
ed  to  your  beauteous  Helen. 

33.  Iracunda  .  .  .  Achillei :  i.  e.  tJie  quarrel  of  Achilles  with 
Agamemnon  will,  for  a  while,  defer  the  fatal  day  for  Troy  and  the 
Trojan  ladies.  Females  are  mentioned  as  particularly  objects  of 
pity  in  the  sacking  of  a  city.    Achillei  from  the  old  AchiUms. 


212  NOTES. 


ODE  XIV. 


Palinodia  signifies  a  '  recantation,'  or  the  retracting  of  what  has 
been  said.  It  seems,  our  poet,  having  been  supplanted  by  a  more 
successful  competitor  for  the  favor  of  Tyndaris,  the  daughter  of 
Gratidia,  wrote  an  abusive  and  scurrilous  ode  to  her.  He  now 
wishes  to  retract  what  he  hud  done,  and  to  reinstate  himself  in  the 
favor  of  Tyndaris,  to  whom  he  was  much  attached.  He  pleads, 
as  his  excuse,  the  influence  of  irresistible  passion,  and  denies  ever 
having  indulged  the  feelings  expressed  in  his  former  ode. 

1.  Matre  pulchrd :  The  former  ode  is  said  to  have  begun  thus  : 

O  matre  tvrpifilia  turpior  ! 

2.  Q«em  .  .  .  Hadriano  :  Quem  cunque  is  divided  by  tmesis. 
*  You  will  destroy,  in  any  way  you  please,  my  slanderous  lambics ; 
whether  you  see  fit  to  throw  them  into  the  fire,  or  into  the  Adriatic 
sea.' 

5.  Dindymtne  :  i.  e.  Cybele,  so  called  from  Dindymus,  or  Din- 
dymis,  a  mountain  in  Phrygia  consecrated  to  her  service  and  wor- 
ehip. 

11.  Tremendo  .  .  .  tumultu  :  '  with  his  dread  thunderbolts.' 

13.  Fertur  Prometheus  .  .  .  desectam  :  i.  e.  Prometheus,  when,  on 
account  of  the  failure  of  his  materials,  which  were  exhausted  in 
making  other  animals,  he  was  compelled  to  blend  in  the  first  form- 
ed  man  a  particle  {undique  desectam)  taken  from  every  other  ani- 
mal,  is  said  also  to  have  placed  in  our  breast  something  of  the  fury 
of  the  raging  Uon. 

Therefore,  the  poet  would  argue,  he  may  justly  hope  for  pardon 
for  an  act  proceeding  from  an  infirmity  of  human  nature. 

17.  Thjestev.:  the  dreadful  effects  of  passion  may  be  learned 
from  the  story  of  Thyestes.     See  Class.  Dict. 

22.  Pectoris  .  .  .fenjor  :  '  furious  anger.' 

25.  JVunc  ego  .  .  .  tristia:  how  far  Horace  succeeded  in  regauir 
ing  the  favor  of  Tyndaris,  we  learn  from  the  following  ode  to 
her. 

ODE  XV. 

Horace,  having  reinstated  himself  in  the  favor  of  Tyndaris,  in- 
vites  her  to  his  country-seat,  where  he  offers  her  retirement  and  a 
cool  retreat  from  the  heat  of  dog-days. 

1.  I/iicretUein  mutat  Lycmo  Faunus :  by  hypallage,  for  mutat 
Lycmim  Lnicretili.  Horace's  country-seat  was  nearthe  foot  of 
mount  Lucretilis,  which,  he  says,  Faunus  finds  so  pleasant  that  he 
oflen  forsakes  his  Arcadian  mountain  Lycseus,  and  comes  to  visit 
it  He  considers  himself  under  the  protection  of  tliat  god,  who 
defends  his  goats  from  the  extremes  of  the  weather. 

4.   Usque .-  i.  e.  semper  ;  '  always.' 

7.  OUntis  uxores  mariti :  i.  e.  the  she-goats. 


ODES.    BOOK  1.  213 

10.  UtcuTique :  '  as  often  as.' — Fistuld :  i.  e.  '  with  the  pipe'  of 
Faunus. 

11.  UstiCfB  cuhantis  :  'of  sloping  Usticse,'  a  hill  near  Lucretilis. 

18.  Fide  Teid  :  i.  e.  on  the  lyre  of  Anacreon,  or  in  the  style  of 
Anacreon,  whose  native  city  was  Teos. 

19.  Dices  .  .  .  Circm :  *'  You  shall  sing  of  Penelope  and  the  fair 
Circe,  both  in  love  with  the  same  man.'  The  meaning  of  vitream 
is  the  same  in  this  place  as  ccerulea,  or  marina,  referring  probably 
to  the  transparency  and  beauty  of  glass,  or  sea-water.  Circe  is 
called  by  Homer  the  sea-colored  nymph. 

22.  Duces  :  i.  e.  la^^giiis  bibes  ;  '  shall  drink  freely.' — Semeleius 
Thyoneus :  Thyoneus  is  a  name  of  Bacchus,  son  of  Semele  ;  inti- 
mating  that  there  would  be  no  quarrelling  over  their  glasses,  as 
there  had  been  once  by  his  rival,  which  caused  Tyndaris  to  dis- 
miss  him. 

24.  Protervos  :  '  rude,  wanton  rakes.' 


ODE  XVI. 

Commentators  are  in  doubt  what  Varus  is  addressed  in  this  ode. 
But  it  is  generally  supposed  to  be  Quinctilius  Varus,  the  general, 
and  not  the  poet  of  Cremona,  of  the  same  name,  whose  death  is  so 
deeply  lamented  by  our  poet  in  the  twentieth  ode  of  this  book. 

Horace  exhorts  him  to  plant  the  vine,  first  of  all,  on  his  grounds 
at  Tibur,  where  he  was  engaged  in  planting  trees. 

3.  Siccis  :  '  to  the  temperate.' 

6.   Q^iiis  non  te  potiiis  :  sc.  laudat. 

8.  Centaurea  .  .  .  rixa :  this  refers  to  a  tradition,  that  Pirithoiis, 
king  of  the  Lapithge,  a  people  of  Thessaly,  invited  the  Centaurs  to 
his  wedding  feast ;  and  when  the  parties  became  heated  with  wine, 
the  Centaurs  insulted  the  wives  of  the  Lapithse,  and  a  quarrel  en- 
sued,  in  which  they  were  overpowered,  and  many  of  them  slain,  by 
the  Lapithse. 

9.  Sithoniis  :  the  Sithonians  were  a  people  of  Thrace,  put  here 
for  the  Thracians  generally. — JVon  levis  :  '  incensed.'  The  Thra- 
cians  being  very  intemperate,  and  committing  all  manner  of  crimes 
in  their  seasons  of  excess,  Bacchus  is  said  to  have  been  incensed 
against  them  for  abusing  his  gifts. 

10.  Qiiumfas  .  .  .  avidi :  the  construction  is,  Quum  illi  avidi 
libidinum  discernunt  fas  atque  nefas  exiguo  fine. 

12.  A^ec  vaiiis  .  .  .  rapiam :  '  nor  will  I  expose  to  view  thy  se- 
crets  covered  with  various  leaves.' 

There  were  certain  articles  sacred  to  Bacchus  kept  secret  in  a 
chest  or  basket,  which  was  covered  with  vine,  ivy  and  other  leaves. 
This  chest  was  brought  out  of  the  temple,  and  carried  about  during 
the  celebration  of  his  orgies. 

13.  Tene:  'restrain.' 


214  NOTES. 


ODE   XVII. 

It  seems  that  Msecenas  had  intimated  to  Horace  his  intention  of 
making  him  a  visit  at  his  coimtry-seat  at  Tibur,  in  the  Sabine  ter- 
ritory,  aboiit  twenty  or  twenty-hve  iniJes  froin  Rome. 

Tlie  poet  intonds  to  give  his  illustrious  friend  a  welcome  to  his 
house,  but,  to  prevent  any  disappointment  in  one  accustomed  to  the 
choice  winos  and  other  luxuries  of  the  court  at  Rome,  he  tells  him 
ne  will  find  but  plain  fare. 

1.  Vile  .  .  .  Sabinum  :  '  cheap  Sabine  wine.' 

2.  GrfBcd  .  .  .  plausus  :  '  which  1  sealed  in  a  Grecian  jar  the 
very  day  on  which  you  received  such  applause  in  the  theatro.' 
— Testd :  the  Romans,  when  most  careful  to  preserve  their  wine, 
and  to  correct  its  crudity,  put  it  into  earthen  jars,  which  were  at 
first  imported  from  Greece. — Levi :  from  lino  ;  when  the  jars  were 
filled,  they  Avere  sealed  or  closed  up  with  pitch  or  wax.  Although 
the  Sabine  wine  "was  by  no  means  worthy  of  so  much  care  and  ex- 
pense,  yet,  as  on.  the  occasion  referred  to,  Maecenas,  on  making 
his  appearance  at  the  theatre  for  the  first  time  after  a  severe  ill- 
ness,  had  been  reccived  with  acclamations  and  shouts  of  joy,  Ho- 
race  had  preserved  the  date  in  this  way  ;  and  now  pays  a  very 
delicate  compliment  to  lus  patron  by  alluding  to  that  circum- 
stance. 

5.  Patemi  Jiuminis  :  the  Tiber  flows  from  Etruria,  where  the 
ancestors  of  Meecenas  dwelt. 

8.  Iviago  :  '  the  echo.' 

9.  Pralo  .  .  .  Caleno :  '  by  a  Calenian  wine-press.'  The  best 
presses  were  made  at  Cales.  The  sense  seems  to  be  this  ;  '  You 
will  drink  the  choice  Csecubian  wine,  at  home  if  you  please,  or 
where  it  is  to  be  had ;  but  I  have  neither  Falernian  nor  Formian 
wine.'  Some  suppose  this  to  be  a  liint  for  Maecenas  to  bring  some 
wine  with  hhn,  better  than  was  to  be  found  at  Tibur. 


ODE  XVIII. 

This  is  a  hymn  of  praise  and  thanksgiving  to  Apollo  and  Diana, 
to  be  sung  by  a  choir  of  twenty-seven  young-  men,  and  anotTier 
choir  of  the  samo  number  of  young  virgins,  on  a  day  consecrated 
to  the  worship  of  these  tutelary  divinities.  TJie  poet  seems  to 
take  the  part  of  a  priest  of  Apollo,  and  to  dictate  to  each  choir 
what  to  sing. 

1.  TenerrB  .  .  .  virgines  :  the  choir  of  virgins  is  first  exhorted  to 
sing  the  praises  of  Diana. 

2.  Intonsum  .  .  .  Cijnthium :  then  the  choir  of  youngmen  is  ex- 
horted  to  sing  the  praises  of  Apollo. 

3.  Latonamque  .  .  .  Jovi  :  '  Sing  too  Latona,  the  mother  of  botli, 
supremely  loved  by  almighty  Jove.' 


ODES.    BOOK  I.  215 

5.  LfEiam  :  sc.  Dianam ;  '  delighting  in.' 

9.  Tempe  :  to  this  delightful  vale  Apollo  retired  afler  he  slew 
the  serpent  Python. 

11.  Insignemque  .  .  .  lyrd :  'and  the  shoulder  of  Apollo  graced 
with  his  quiver  and  the  lyre  received  from  his  brother.'  Mercury, 
the  inventor  of  the  lyre,  presented  it  to  Apollo. 

13.  Hic :  Apoilo  ;  motus  vestrd  prece  aget  bellum,  &c. 


ODE  XIX. 

In  this  elegant  and  beautiful  ode,  Horace  describes  to  his  friend 
Fuscus,  the  rhetorician,  the  advantages  of  uprightness  of  character 
and  purity  of  life.  These  are  the  best  defence,  and  afford  the 
greatest  security,  a  man  can  have. 

1.  Tnteger  .  .  .  purus :  '  a  man  of  upright  life,  and  free  from 
guilt.' 

5.  Syrtes  .  .  .  cBstuosas :  the  poet  does  not  here  speak  of  the  ma- 
rine  Syrtes,  but  the  sandy  deserts  of  A  frica,  where  the  scorching 
heat  of  the  sun  renders  the  region  at  times  impassable.  Mstuosas 
may  refer  to  the  heat  of  the  sands,  from  (Estus ;  or  to  the  fluctua- 
ting  nature  of  the  quicksands,  whioh  are  driven  about  by  tjie  wind 
in  billovvs  like  vvater.  The  word  Syiies  comes  from  ovQttv,  '  to 
drag,  or  svveep  along.' 

7.  Fabulosus  :  the  river  Hydaspes  is  so  called  from  the  fabulous 
reports  of  its  washing  gold  and  gems  along  with  its  water. 

8.  Lambit :  for  alluit. 

15.  Jub(B  tellus  :  Mauritania,  which  was  subject  to  Juba. 

17.  Pigris  .  .  .  campis  :  he  first  speaks  of  the  frigid  zone,  then 
of  the  torrid. 

22.  Terrd  domibus  negatd  :  the  ancients  entertained  the  opinion, 
that  the  torrid  zone  was  uninhabitable,  on  account  of  the  heat, 
which  error  modern  experience  has  corrected. 


ODE  XX. 

Quinctilius  Varus,  a  distinguished  poet  of  Crcmona,  was  the 
intimate  and  mutual  friend  of  Horace  and  Virgil ;  but  perhaps  en- 
deared  to  no  one  more  than  to  the  latter.  He  died  in  the  seven 
hundred  and  twenty-ninth  year  of  Rome.  The  death  ofVarus  was 
most  deeply  felt  by  Virgil,  to  Avhom  this  ode  is  addressed  by  way 
of  condolence. 

2.  Pr(Bcipe  .  .  .  Melpomene :  '  O  Melpomene,  teach  me  the 
mournful  strains.'  Horace,  with  much  propriety,  invokes  the  Muse 
of  Tragedy  to  aid  him  in  the  tribute  he  is  about  to  pay  to  the  worth 
of  their  lamented  friend ;  for  whom  no  measure  of  grief  scemed  to 
be  excessive. 


215  NOTES. 

1 1.  JVbn  ila  .  .  .  deos  :  i.  e.  you  request  the  gods  to  restore  you 
Q,uinctilius,  who  was  nol  given  you  on  the  condition  tliat  he  should 
not  be  taken  away. 

13.  Q^ubd  si .  .  .Jidem  :  '  but  though  more  sweetly  than  Thracian 
Orpheus  you  tune  the  lyre  listened  to  by  trees.' 

14.  Jirhorihus :  in  the  dative  case,  as,  neque  cerniliir  ulli: 
Adam's  Lat.  Gram.  R.  xxviii.  Obs.  2. 

17.  J^on  lenis  .  .  .  recliidere  :  '  not  easily  induced  by  prayers  to 
open  the  path  back  into  life  again.'  "  Fata  recludere,  h.  e.  viam  ex 
Orco  in  vitam  rcdituris  occlusam  recludere.^^     Doering. 


ODE  XXI. 

Lucius  iEUus  Lamia,  a  poet  of  considerable  reputation,  and  a 
friend  of  Horace,  had  in  the  civil  dissensions  joined  the  republi- 
cans.  After  the  downfall  of  his  party,  he  became  despondent,  and 
thought  the  commonwealth  was  going  to  ruin.  It  seems  to  be  the 
design  of  this  ode  to  raise  the  droopiiig  spirits  of  Lamia,  andto  di- 
vert  his  thoughts  to  poetry  and  literature. 

1.  Masis  amicus  :  i.  e.  if  the  Muses  do  but  smile  on  me,  I  shall 
banish  all  fear  and  melancholy. 

3.  Q^uis  .  .  .  securus :  '  wholly  indifferent  by  whom  the  king  of 
the  frozen  regions,  under  the  north  pole,  may  be  feared,  or  what 
may  terrify  Teridates.' — Teridaten:  in  the  year  of  Rome  719, 
the  Parthians  expelled  theu-  king  Phraates  for  his  cruelty,  andpla- 
ced  Teridates  on  his  throne.  But  about  five  years  after,  Phraates 
was  restored  to  his  dominions  by  the  assistance  of  the  Sythians. 
Teridates  fled  to  Augustus,  and  carried  with  him  the  son  of  Phraa- 
tes.  A  few  years  after,  Phraates  sent  an  embassy  to  Rome,  with 
an  offer  of  restoring  the  Roman  eagles,  which  had  been  taken  at 
the  defeat  of  Crassus,  if  Augustus  would  restorc  his  son  and  Teri- 
dates  to  him.  While  this  negotiation  was  pending,  this  ode  was 
written.  Wliat  cause  Teridates  had  for  being  alarmed  we  can 
readily  imagine.  The  son  was  restored,  but  Teridates  was  not 
given  up. 

6.  O.  .  .  Pimplei  dulcis :  '  O  sweet  Muse.'  Pimplei,  the  voca- 
tivo  case  from  Pimpleis.  Pimpla  is  a  mountain  in  Maccdonia  wiUi 
a  fountain  of  the  same  name,  sacred  to  the  Muses,  who  are  there- 
fore  sometimes  called  Pimpleldes. 

10.  Hunc  .  .  .  sorores  :  '  him  it  becomes  you  and  your  sister 
Muses  to  consecrate  to  immortahty  on  new  harps,  and  in  Lesbian 
numbers.'  "  Fidibus  novis,  carmine  novo  ;  h.  e.  lyrico^  quale  nemo 
apud  Momanos  ante  Horatium  cecinitJ'^     Doering. 


ODES.    BOOK  I.  2X7 


ODE   XXII. 

Mr.  Sanadon  says,  that  Horace  was  at  an  entertainment  "where 
a  dispute  began  to  inflame  some  of  the  company  already  heated 
with  wine.  Instead  of  attempting  to  restore  peace  by  grave  ad- 
vice  and  sober  reasoning,  he  gayly  proposed  to  drown  all  disputes 
in  a  bumper ;  which  having  succeeded,  he  wrote  a  few  lines  on 
the  occasion. 

5.  Vino  et  lucernis  .  .  .  discrepat :  '  how  strangely  abhorrent  ia 
the  Persian  sword  from  wine  and  candles :'  i.  e.  the  festive  board ; 
for  the  Romans  usually  had  their  entertainments  by  candle-hght. 

8.  Cuhito  .  .  .  presso :  this  alludes  to  the  custom  of  reclining  at 
table  with  the  left  elbow  resting  on  a  couch. 


ODE  XXIII. 

The  occasion  of  this  ode  is  not  known ;  although  it  has  been  the 
subject  of  various  conjectures.  It  is  a  dialogue,  represented  as 
having  taken  place  between  a  mariner  and  the  shade  of  Archytas, 
a  celebrated  mathematician  and  philosopher  of  Tarentmn. 

Archytas  had  been  shipwrecked  on  the  coast  of  Apulia;  and 
the  poet  represents  a  mariner,  who  had  accidentally  found  his 
body  driven  ashore  by  the  waves,  as  thus  exclaiming :  '  And  could 
not  you  escape  death,  Archytas  !  How  small  a  space  you  cover, 
who  could  measure  the  heavens,  the  earth,  andthe  sea!' .  The  ad- 
dress  of  the  mariner  occupies  the  first  six  verses ;  and  the  reply 
continues  through  the  ode. 

1.  Te  maris  .  .  .  munera :  the  construction  is,  Archyta,  parva 
munera  cxigui  pulveris  cohibent  te,  mensorem  maris  et  terrcR  arencB- 
que  carentis  numero,  prnpe  Matinum  littus. 

2.  Cohibent :  '  receive,  confine.'  Commentators  differ  as  to  the 
meaning  of  this  word.  Bentley  and  Doering  consider  it  as  here 
given  ;  viz.  '  a  small  quantity  of  earth  is  sufficient  for  you  now, 
who  lately  stretched  your  mind  over  the  vast  expanse  of  heaven, 
the  wide  extended  ocean,  and  the  land.  But  Dacier,  Gesner,  and 
others  think  the  meaning  to  be  this:  'the  trifling  favor  of  a  httle 
dust  to  cover  your  body  detains  you  from  the  Elysian  fields  ;'  allu 
ding  to  the  prevailing  behef  that  the  soul  could  not  pass  the  Styx 
imder  a  hundred  years,  if  the  body  were  not  buried.  To  this,  ref- 
erence  is  made  at  the  conclusion  of  the  ode,  where  the  mariner  is 
entreated  to  render  this  little  service,  of  throwmg  earth  upon  the 
body,  which  was  of  so  much  consequence  to  the  souh 

7.  Occidit :  The  shade  of  Archytas  here  replies  to  this  effect : 
*  Do  not  be  surprised,  mariner,  that  I  have  shared  the  common  lot 
of  humanity ;  for  Tantalus  died,  though  he  was  admitted  to  the 
society  of  the  gods ;  and  Tithonus,  Pythagoras,'  &c.    Archytas 


218  NOTES. 

seems  to  console  Iiimself  by  the  reflection,  that  otliers  so  much 
greater  than  himself  had  submitted  to  the  same  necessity. 

10.  Panthoiden  :  the  son  of  Panthoiis  was  Euphorbus,  who  was 
slain  at  the  Trojan  war  by  Menelaus.  Pythag-oras,  to  establishhis 
doctrine  of  the  transmigration  of  souls,  declared,  among  other 
proofs,  that  he  was  himself  at  the  Trojan  war,  centuries  before,  in 
the  person  of  tliis  Euphorbus ;  and  says  he  recognised,  in  tlie  tem- 
ple  of  Juno,  the  shield  which  he  wore  when  he  was  Euphorhus ; 
which  being  taken  down,  7-efixo,  was  found  to  have  the  marks  which 
he  had  described  as  on  his  shield. 

14.  Judice  .  .  .  verique  :  'And  in  my  opinion  he  was  no  ordinary 
observer  of  nature  and  of  truth.' 

20.  Proserpma  :  this  refers  to  a  belief  among  the  ancients,  that 
Proserpine  attended  on  persons  about  to  die,  and  cut  from  tlieir 
heads  a  lock  of  hair,  as  an  offering  to  the  infernal  deities;  and 
that  they  could  not  die  till  this  service  was  performed.  See 
iEneid  IV.  698. 

25.  Sic,  quodcunque  :  the  meaning  is,  If  you  do  this,  I  hope  that, 
whatever  dangers  the  tempest  may  threaten  you  with,  when  navi- 
gating  the  Italian  sea,  may  fall  upon  the  Venusian  Avoods. 

30.  JVegligis  .  .  .  committere :  '  are  you  indifferent  about  com- 
mitting  a  crime  to  be  atoned  for  by  your  imiocent  descendants.' 
The  ancients  believed  that  the  gods  were  ema^ed  against  any 
one  who,  having  found  a  dead  body,  should  leave  it  unburied  ;  and 
that  they  punished  both  him  and  his  posterity. 

34.  Teque  piacnla  nulla  resolvent :  'and  no  atoning  sacrifices 
shall  free  you  from  punishment.' 

36.  Curras  :  sc.  ut ;  '  for  you  to  hasten  on.' 


ODE  XXIV. 

Augustus  sent  an  army  against  the  Arabians  in  the  year  of  Rome 
729,  under  ^lius  Gallus.  The  expedition  was  unsuccessful,  on 
account  of  a  sicimess  which  prevailed  in  the  army. 

Iccius,  a  man  of  retired  and  literary  habits,  vokmtarily  joined  the 
expedition.  Horace,  with  a  good  deal  of  pleasantry,  ridicules  Ic- 
cius  for  leaving  the  ease  and  quiet  of  phUosophical  pursuits  to  en- 
counter  the  dangers  and  fatigues  of  war,  while  he  supposes  him  to 
meditate  some  mighty  proofs  of  liis  valor. 

1.  Beatis  .  .  .  gazis :  Strabo  says  that  Augustus  made  w  r  upon 
the  Sabaeans,  a  people  of  Arabia  Felix,  on  account  of  their 
wealth.  He  had  heard  that  they  were  rich  m  gold,  silver,  and 
spices. 

3.  Nbn  anth  devictis :  as  if  the  weight  of  the  war  rested  on  this 
new  made  soldier  ;  and  as  if  our  phUosopher  was  about  to  subdue, 
ifi  his  first  campaign,  the  Sabsean  Mngs,  '  never  yet  vanquished !'_ 

5.  J^ectis  catenas :  as  if  Iccius  were  about  to  bring  home  his 


ODES.    BOOK  I.  219 

captives  in  chains.  The  Romans  often  carried  chains  for  their 
prisoners  with  them,  when  going  to  war, 

7.  Puer  quis  ex  auld :  i.  e.  puer  7'egius.  Horace  facetiously  in- 
timates,  that  Iccius  will  select  from  his  captive  princes  and  prin- 
cesses  some  to  attend  upon  his  person. 

10.  Q^uis  neget :  the  meaning  is,  Who  can  deny  that  rivers  may 
again  ascend  the  steep  mountains,  and  that  the  Tiber  may  run 
back  to  its  fountain,  when  a  man  in  your  enviable  condition  shall 
prefer  the  hardships  of  war  to  a  quiet  and  studious  life  ? 

13.  Coemptos  undique :  '  bought  up  on  all  sides  ;'  aHuding  to  his 
friend's  former  zeal  in  philosopliical  pursuits. 

14.  Panmti:  Panaetius  was  an  eminent  Stoic  philosopher  of 
Rhodes. — Socraticam  et  domum  :  i.  e.  the  sect  or  school  of  Socra- 
tes,  Plato,  Xenophon,  and  other  academicians. 

15.  Loricis  Iberis  :  '  Spanish  coats  of  mail ;'  which  were  consid- 
ered  the  best. 

ODE  XXV. 

Glycera,  a  lady  of  great  beauty,  and  a  friend  of  Horace,  being 
about  to  give  an  entertainment  at  her  house,  had  invited  him  to 
attend  it.  We  may  suppose,  Horace,  with  his  answer,  to  have 
sent  this  little  neat  and  beautiful  invocation  to  the  goddess  of 
beauty,  requesting  her  to  smile  on  the  scene. 

4.  Mdem :  it  was  customary  with  the  Romans  to  have  a  part  of 
their  mansion  fitted  up  as  a  kind  of  chapel,  in  which  were  kept 
the  images  of  their  household  gods,  to  whom,  at  feasts,  they  offer- 
ed  libations. 

7.  Juventas  Mercuriusque :  i.  e.  youth  and  eloquence. 


ODE  XXVI. 

Augustus  built  a  temple  to  Apollo  within  his  palace  on  mount 
Palatine  ;  and  when  it  was  consecrated,  most  of  the  eminentpoets 
of  the  age  wrote  something  upon  the  occasion.  It  is  supposed 
that  Horace  wrote  this  ode  for  that  solemn  ceremony,  at  the  re- 
quest  of  the  emperor. 

1.  Qidd  .  .  .  vates:  '  what  does  the  poet  ask  of  Apollo,  to  whom 
this  day  a  temple  is  dedicated?' — Vates,  i.  e.  ego  poeta.  He  re- 
peats  the  question,  '  what  does  he  pray  for  ?'  to  give  force  to  the 
interrogation ;  because  he  is  not  about  to  ask  for  those  things 
which  are  usually  most  desired. 

8.  Mordet :  'washes.'  The  Liris  divides  Latium  from  Cam- 
pania. 

9.  Calend :  not  Calenam.  The  best  unplements  for  the  vine- 
yard  were  maunfactured  at  CaJes.     See  Ode  XVII.  9.  note. 

10.  Dives  . . .  impunk :  the  construction  is,  et  dives  mercator,  ca- 


220  ^  NOTES. 

rus  dis  ipsis,  quippe  ier  et  quater  anno  inipune  revisens  ..'Itlanticum 
fBquor,  exsiccet  vina  aureis  culullis,  rtparata  Syrd  merce. 

17.  Frui  paratis  .  .  .  mente  :  '  grant,  O  son  of  Latona,  I  pray  you, 
that  I  may  enjoy  the  blessings  already  acquired,  both  in  health  and 
with  a  mind  unimpaired.' — Paratis,  i.  e.  what  I  now  possess. — La- 
toS :  voc.  of  Latous.  The  same  sentiment  as  in  Juvenal  x,  356 ; 
Orandum  est,  ut  sit  mens  sana  in  corpore  sano. 


ODE  XXVII. 

It  seems  that,  on  some  occasion  of  more  than  ordinary  impor- 
tance,  Horace  was  requested  to  write  ;  whether  by  Augustus,  Mse- 
cenas,  or  some  other  person,  it  does  not  appear.  But  tlie  poet  ad- 
dresses  his  lyre  in  a  manner  calculated  to  show  that  he  feels  the 
responsibility  of  the  undertaking. 

I.  Poscimur :  '  our  efforts  are  demanded;'  i.  e.  I  am  put  in  re- 
quisition,  my  services  are  required  ;  and  if,  when  at  ease,  I  have 
ever  sung  with  you  any  thing  deserving  to  live  for  a  year  or  more 
— come  now,  O  my  lyre,  first  turned  by  Lesbian  Alcseus,  and 
prompt  a  Latin  song  in  your  wonted  measure. 

3.  Latinum :  meaning  that  the  same  lyrc  had  before  responded 
in  Greek. 

6.  Q^uiferox  hello  :  Alcaeus  was  no  less  distinguished  as  a  gene- 
ral  than  as  a  poet.  Horace  evidently  aspires  to  the  same  rank  as 
a  lyric  poet  among  the  Romans  that  Alcgeus  held  among  tlie 
Greeks. 

II.  Lycum :  Lycus  was  a  beautiful  youth,  beloved  and  celebra- 
ted  by  Alcaeus. 

15.  Mihi  .  .  .  rith  vocanti  :  '  be  propitious  to  me  whenever,  with 
a  proper  spirit,  I  invoke  thine  aid.' — Cunque  ;  for  quandocunque. 


ODE  XXVIII. 

Horace  was  a  lover  of  pleasure,  and  had  early  imbibed  the  doc- 
trines  of  Epicurus,  which  favored  his  propensities.  But  in  this 
ode  he  acknowledges  his  error  in  living,  as  he  had,  a  Ufe  of  sensu- 
ality,  and  in  neglecting  the  duties  of  religion  and  the  worship  of 
the  gods.  Some  have  doubted  his  sincerity.  Be  that  as  it  may, 
he  rejects  the  folly  of  the  Epicureans,  who  deny  an  overruhng 
power,  and  account  for  all  the  phenomena  of  nature  independent- 
ly  of  any  such  power. 

2.  Insanientis  .  .  .  eiro  :  '  while  imbued  with  the  principles  of 
mad  philosophy,  I  wander  from  the  way.' 

5.  JVamque  Diespiter :  the  poet  gives  a  reason  for  disbeheving 
the  Epicureans  ;  that  he  lately  heard  Jove  thundering  in  a  serene  and 
cloudless  sky ;  whereas  thunder  usually,  pleriimque,  proceeds  from 


ODES.    BOOK  1.  221 

nalural  causes,  and  takes  place  when  the  heavens  are  enveloped 
jn  clouds  and  sulphurous  exhalations.  ^ 

H.  mnc:  '  from  one.'— ^picew  .•  'the  diadem.' 

16.  Hic  :  '  on  another. 


ODE  XXIX. 

In  the  year  of  Rome  726,  Augustus  enroHed  two  armies,  intend- 
ing  to  lead  one  of  them  in  person  against  the  Britons,  and  to  send 
the  other,  under  ^lius  Gallus,  into  Arabia.  Horace,  ever  ready  to 
express  his  gratitude  and  good  will  towards  his  friend  and  patron, 
wrote  this  address  to  Fortune  ;  invoking  her  aid  towards  a  favora- 
ble  result  of  these  expeditions. 

When  Augustus  was  actually  on  his  march,  intending  to  pass 
through  Gaul,  and  transport  his  army  over  to  Britain,  he  was  met 
by  an  embassy  from  Britain,  which  accepted  the  terms  he  propos- 
ed.     He  therefore  gave  up  the  expedition. 

1.  Antium :  this  was  a  city  of  Italy,  the  capital  of  the  Volscians. 
It  had  a  commodious  harbor,  and  was  a  place  of  considerable  im- 
portance.  There  was,  in  this  city,  a  temple  to  Fortune,  famous 
for  the  splendid  gifts  with  which  it  was  enriched,  as  well  as  for  the 
lots  cast  there,  and  the  responses  of  its  oracle.  Fortune  is  there- 
fore  said  to  govern  it. 

2.  Pr<Esens  :  i.  e.  ready  and  able. 

12.  Metuunt :  '  reverence  ;  do  homage  to.' 

13.  Injurioso  .  .  .frangat :  '  that  thou  mayest  not  with  violent  foot 
cast  down  the  yet  standing  pillar  of  state ;  and  that  a  thronging 
multitude  may  not  excite  the  quiet  citizens  by  crying,  "  To  arms, 
To  arms,"  and  thus  overthrow  the  government.' 

17.  SfBva  JVecessitas:  this  description  is  highly  colored : 
'  Stern  Necessity  always  precedes  thee,  bearing  in  her  brazen 
hand  spikes  and  wedges.'  The  wedges  were  not  to  be  used  in 
spUtting,  but  in  making  more  compact ;  and  the  parts  so  compress- 
ed,  when  of  wood,  were  to  be  secured  by  the  long  nails ;  when  of 
stone,  by  iron  hooks,  or  clamps,  let  in  and  fastened  with  melted 
lead,  liquidum  plumhum.  The  uncus  is  not  intended,  as  supposed 
by  some,  for  an  instrument  of  punishment,  l3ut  a  clamp. 

22.  JVec  comitem  abnegat :  sc.  .96. 

23.  Utcunque  mutatd  .  .  veste  :  '  however  much  you  change  your 
dress.'  We  may  suppose  prosperous  fortune  to  be  clad  splendidly, 
and  adverse  fortune  meanly. 

29.  Serves  :  i.  e.  may  you  attend  Csesar  on  his  march  agair.st 
the  Britons,  and  also  the  expedition  about  to  be  sent  into  the 
East 

33.  Cicatricum  .  .  .fratrum:  i.  e.  may  we  be  ashamed  of  the 
evUs  we  have  brought  on  ourselves  by  the  civil  wars,  and  dread  a 
repetition  of  them. 
19* 


222  NOTES. 


ODE   XXX. 


Plotius  Numida  had  been  three  years  with  Augustus,  >engaged 
in  a  war  in  Spain.  On  his  return,  he  was  received  with  demon- 
strations  of  joy  and  thanksgiving  by  his  friend  Horace ;  who,  on 
this  happy  occasion,  assembled  the  friends  of  Plotius,  and  among 
them  ^lius  Lamia,  a  school-fellow  of  Plotius,  and  dearly  beloved 
by  him.  This  celebration  was  attended  with  sacrifices,  songs,  and 
dances. 

2,  Placare  :  '  to  propitiate.'  This  word  may  with  propriety  be 
used,  although  Plotius  had  returned  in  safety  ;  since  his  friends 
were  still  bound  to  the  performance  of  their  vows  ;  and  would  have 
reason  to  fear  the  resentment  of  the  gods  if  this  should  be  neg- 
lected. 

5.  Multa :  sc.  dividit  oscula. 

8.  JVon  alio  rege  :  it  was  customary  among  the  Romans  to  call 
the  tutor  or  governor  of  a  nobleman's  children  rex,  or  king.  Plotius 
and  Lamia  had  not  only  passed  their  boyhood  together  under  the 
same  tutor,  but  had  assumed  the  manly  gown,  toga  virilis,  at  the 
same  time. 

9.  Mutatce :  i.  e.  the  toga  prcetexta,  which  was  bordered  with 
purple,  was  laid  aside  for  the  toga  virilis,  which  was  of  pure  white, 
and  assumed  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years.  This  change  of  the 
toga  was  attended  with  some  solemnity,  and  usually  before  the 
images  of  the  Lares. 

10.  Cressd  :  fortunate  and  happy  days  were  marked  with  chalk, 
or  a  white  stone ;  and  unlucky  days  with  a  black  mark,  or  a  black 
stone.     These  were  added  up  at  the  end  of  the  year. 

12.  Morem  in  Salium :  for  Saliorum ;  '  after  the  manner  of  the 
Salii.'     These  were  the  twelve  priests  of  Mars.     See  Lempriere. 

13.  Damdlis  :  this  was  a  woman  of  light  character,  notorious  for 
her  love  of  wine. 

14.  Bassum :  Bassus  was  a  companion  of  Plotius,  and  a  hard 
drinker. 

ODE  XXXI. 

The  death  of  Cleopatra  put  an  end  to  the  war  between  Augus 
tus  and  Antony.  This  is  one  of  several  odes  which  Horace  wrote 
on  that  occasion.  The  character  and  tragical  end  of  Cleopatra 
are  strikingly  represented.  Her  passions  are  in  violent  motion ; 
her  ambition  is  intoxication ;  her  love  is  madness ;  and  her  cour- 
age  is  despair.  The  soul  of  the  poet  seems  kindled  with  unusuU 
fire. 

2.  Saliaribus  .  .  .  dapihus :  The  feasts  of  the  Salii  were  of  the 
most  splendid  and  cosUy  kind.  The  poet  here  probably  means  to 
eay  that  it  is  proper  to  prepare  a  lectistemium ;  which  was  a  feast 
at  which  the  goda  were  invited  to  attend,  and  for  whom  couches 


ODES.    BOOK  I. 

were  spread,  and  their  images  placed  on  them  around  the  al- 
tars.  They  were  the  most  sumptuous  entertainments  that  could 
be  made. 

7.  Dementes  ruincLS  :  by  hypallage,  for  demens  regina. 

13.  Vix  una  .  .  .  navis :  it  is  said  that  Cleopatra,  soon  afler  the 
battle  at  Actium  commenced,  fled  with  sixty  vessels ;  and  that 
shortly  after  Antony  followed  her  in  the  flag  ship  [navis prcetoria). 
His  fleet,  however,  after  he  had  gone,  made  so  desperate  a  resis- 
tance,  that  Augustus  was  compelled  to  send  for  fire  from  his  camp 
to  destroy  it.     The  una  navis  probably  refers  to  Antony's  ship. 

14.  Mareotico  :  the  Mareotic  wine  was  a  choice  and  exquisite 
wine,  so  called  from  the  lake  Mareotis  in  Egypt,  near  which  it  was 
produced. 

15.  Veros  timores :  veros  may  be  significantly  opposed  to  the 
vain  fear  with  which  she  fled  before  there  was  any  cause  of 
flight. 

16.  Volantem  remis  adurgens :  'pursuing  with  his  fleet  her  fly- 
ing.' 

21.  Fatale  monstrum :  i.  e.  Cleopatra  ;  whom  Augustuswished  to 
take  prisoner,  that  she  might  be  led  in  chains  to  grace  his  triumph. 
— Generosiits  :  'in  a  more  honorable  manner.' 

23.  JVec  latentes  .  .  .  oras :  '  nor  did  she  retire  with  her  fleet  to 
secret  coasts,'  i.  e.  that  she  might  escape  death. 

25.  Jacentem.  .  .  .  regiam :  i.  e.  her  kingdom  fallen  and  lost  for 
ever  to  her.  The  palace  is  put  for  the  kingdom ;  for  she  did  not 
see  her  palace  in  ruins  literally. 

26.  Asperas  :  i.  e.  exasperated,  as  well  as  venomous.  Plutarch 
says,  she  provoked  the  asp  by  pricking  it,  that  it  might  sting  her 
with  greater  fury. 

30.  S<x.vis  Ldbumis  .  .  .  triumpho:  i.  e.  this  high-spirited  wo- 
man,  disdaining,  forsooth,  to  be  carried  to  Rome,  despoiled  of  her 
rank,  in  the  Liburnian  galleys,  to  grace  a  haughty  triumph. 

The  Liburnian  galleys  were  very  swift  vessels,  formerly  used 
by  the  Liburnian  pirates.  They  were  of  great  service  to  Augus- 
tus  in  the  battle  of  Actium,  and  with  them  he  pursued  Cleopatra 
to  Alexandria. 

ODE  XXXII. 

In  this  little  piece,  addressed  to  his  servant  boy,  Horace  means 
to  discountenance  the  growing  taste  for  luxury  and  extravagance. 

3.  Mitte  sectari :  '  cease  to  inquire.* 

5.  Simplici  .  .  .  allabores:  'you  need  not  try  for  any  thing  more 
than  plain  myrtle.' 


224  NOTES. 


BOOK   II. 
JODE  I. 


AsiNius  PoLLio,  a  soldier,  a  statesman,  and  a  scholar,  had  also 
distinguished  himself  as  a  tragic  writer ;  and  had  raised  the  repu- 
tation  of  the  Roman  stage  nearly  to  an  equality  with  that  of  Ath- 
ens.  But  Pollio  was  engaged  in  a  work  better  deserving  his  whole 
strength  and  attention.  This  was  a  history  of  the  civil  wars,  in 
which  he  had*  already  advanced  considerably,  when  Horace,  ap- 
prehensive  that  the  applause  which  Polfio  received  from  the  stage 
might  interrupt  a  history  so  interesting  to  the  republic,  wrote  this 
Ode  to  urge  him  to  persevere.  And  at  the  same  time  he  exhorts 
Pollio  not  to  be  diverted  from  this  object,  he  reminds  him  how  deli- 
cate  and  dangerous  a  task  he  had  undertaken. 

1.  Motum  ex  Metello  :  the  construction  is,  O  Pollio,  tractas  civi- 
cum  motum  ex  consule  Metello,  causasque  belli,  &c. 

It  was  during  the  consulship  of  Metellus  and  Lucius  Afranius, 
that  Csesar,  Pompey  and  Crassus  formed  that  confederacy  com- 
monly  known  by  the  name  of  the  First  Triumvirate.  The  poet 
says,  You  treat  of  the  civil  commotions  which  took  place,  begin- 
ning  from  the  consulship  of  Metellus. 

3.  Gravesque  .  .  .  amicitias  :  i.  e.  the  coalition  of  the  Triumviri, 
so  destructive  to  the  liberty  of  the  commonwealth. 

6.  Periculosce :  this  might  well  be  called  '  a  work  full  of  danger- 
ous  chance,'  since  the  fidelity  of  the  historian  must  be  preserved, 
without  offending  Augustus,  or  disobliging  many  families  that  had 
been  deeply  engaged  in  the  civil  war,  by  opening  afresh  wounds 
that  were  now  nearly  healed. 

9.  Musa  trag(£di(B  desit  theatris :  i.  e.  relinquish  for  a  time  your 
favorite  pursuit,  and  abstain  from  writing  tragedies,  till  you  have 
put  the  finishing  hand  to  a  work  of  so  much  importance  as  that 
in  which  you  are  engaged. 

10.  Mox  .  .  .  cothurno  :  'hereafter,  when  you  sJiall  have  digest- 
ed  and  arranged  the  events  in  your  history,  you  shall  resume  the 
noble  employment  of  writing   tragedy  with  true  Athenian  dig- 

nity.' 

The  cothumus,  or  buskin,  was  frequently  put  for  tragedy,  which 
had  at  that  time  reached  agreater  degree  of  excellence  at  Athens 
than  at  any  other  place. 

From  the  expression  puUicas  res  ordindris,  many  have  supposed 
PoUio  was  consul  at  the  time  this  ode  was  written,  and  that  thia 
flentence  had  reference  to  the  management  of  public  business. 


ODES.    BOOK  II.  225 

But  this  was  not  the  fact.     For  Pollio  lived  in  retirement,  and 
wrote  the  history  many  years  after  his  consulship  terminated. 

17.  Jam  nunc  .  .  .  strepunt :  the  poet  here  compliments  PoUio  on 
his  talents  as  a  writer ;  and  fancies  himself  in  the  midst  of  the 
scenes  the  historian  is  describing,  and  exclaims,  '  Already  you 
make  my  ears  ring  with  the  threatening  blast  of  the  horns,  and 
the  shrill  notes  of  the  clarion.' 

24.  PrcEter  .  .  .  Catonis  :  a  beautiful  tribute  to  the  unyielding 
virtue  of  that  stern  repubhcan  ;  intimating  that  Caesar  found  it  ea- 
sier  to  subdue  the  whole  world,  than  the  inflexible  spirit  of  Cato. 

25.  Juno  .  .  .  JugurthiB :  here  the  poet,  with  his  usual  address, 
that  he  may  avoid  every  thing  which  may  be  unwelcome  to  Au- 
gustus,  instead  of  allowing-  the  ambiticn  of  CsBsar  to  have  caused 
the  civil  war,  ascribes  it  to  fate  ;  and  says  that  formerly  '  Juno  and 
the  other  divinities  friendly  to  Africa  had  retired  from  that  region 
powerless,  and  without  avenging  its  wrongs,  because  opposed  by 
the  fates,  but  that  they  finally  offered  the  descendants  of  the  vic- 
tors,  as  an  atoningf  sacrifice  to  the  manes  of  Juo-urtha.' 

31.  Auditumque  Medis :  i.  e.  had  reached  even  the  Medes,  or 
rather  the  Parthians  ;  the  most  deadly  enemies  of  the  Romans. 

37.  Sed  ne  .  .  .  JV(2ni(B :  '  but  stop,  my  muse  ;  do  not  quit  my 
sportive  strains  to  perform  the  melancholy  offlces  of  the  Cean 
NaBnia.'  She  was  the  goddess  of  moarning  and  melancholy,  who 
inspired  the  affecting  airs  of  Simonides  of  Ceos,  one  of  the  Cycla- 
des. 

ODE   II. 

Caius  Crispus  Sallust,  to  whom  this  ode  is  addressed,  was  the 
son  of  the  sister  of  the  distinguished  historian  of  the  same  name. 
He  was  a  gentleman  of  equestrian  rank  and  splendid  fortune.  He 
stood  high  at  court,  being  a  particular  favorite  of  Augustus.  But 
he  was  rational  in  his  views  of  happiness,  and  wished  to  increase 
neither  his  rank  nor  his  fortune. 

The  poet  intends  to  compliment  him  on  the  liberal  and  noble 
use  he  made  of  his  fortune  and  his  opportunity  of  diffusing  happi- 
ness  ;  and  shows  tliat  a  proper  use  of  riches  is  the  only  way  to 
make  them  a  blessing. 

1.  JVullus  .  .  .  Crispe  Sallusti :  in  this  order ;  O  Crispe  Sallv^ti, 
inimice  lamn<B,  est  nullus  splendor  argento  abdito  in  avaris  terris,  ni- 
si  splendeat  temperatu  usu.  '  O  Crispus  Salhist,  thou  foe  to  immod- 
erate  wealth,'  &c.  Instead  of  abdito,  some  read  ahditce,  and  make 
this  construction,  O  Crispe  Sallusti,  inimice  lamncB  ohditfB  in  terris 
ab  avaris  hominibus,  nullus  color  est  argento,  &c.  Color ;  '  splen- 
dor,  brightness.' — Lamn(B,  for  lamincB  :  i.  e.  plateb  of  gold  and  sil- 
ver. 

5.  Procileius :  this  was  a  Roman  knight,  held  in  so  high  es- 
teem  by  Augustus,  that  he  for  a  time  thought  of  giving  him  his 
daughter  in  marriage.     His  brothers.  Licinius  and  Terentius,  lost 


226  NOTES. 

their  estates  for  having  joined  the  party  of  Pompey.  But  Procu- 
leius  shared  his  fortune  with  them,  and  aflerwards  made  their 
peace  with  Augustus — hence  animi  paterni  in  fraires.  Ode  VII. 
of  this  Book  is  addressed  to  Licinius. 

10.  Remotis  Gadibus :  'to  distant  Cadiz.' 

11.  Utcrque  Pcenus :  i.  e.  Carthage  in  Africa,  and  Carthage  in 
Spain,  taken  by  Scipio  in  the  second  Punic  war. 

12.  Uni  :    sc.  tihi. 

17.  Phraates :  for  an  account  of  Phraates,  kingofthe  Parthians, 
see  Book  I.  Ode  XXI.  3.  note.  He  is  said  to  have  put  to  death 
his  father,  his  brother,  and  his  eldest  son. 

18.  Dissidens  jjlebi  :  '  dissenting  from  the  crowd :'  i.  e.  philoso- 
phy  judges  differently,  respecting  happiness,  from  what  the  multi- 
tude  does. 

19.  Populumque  .  .  .  imcibus :  '  and  teaches  the  vulgar  not  to  use 
false  names :'  i.  e.  to  give  up  their  false  ideas  of  human  happiness. 

23.  Oculo  irretorto :  '  with  eye  undazzled :'  i.  e.  without  covet- 
ing. 

ODE  III. 

Dellius  was  a  man  of  ticlde  and  inconstant  character,  who  is 
said  to  have  changed  sides  four  times  during  the  civil  wars. 
When  this  ode  was  Avritten,  he  seems  to  have  been  in  a  state  of 
dejection,  on  account  of  the  condition  of  his  affairs.  The  poet  ex- 
horts  him  to  preserve  equanimity  of  temper  under  all  circum- 
stances  ;  since  the  shortness  of  life  renders  it  of  comparatively 
little  importance  whether  a  man  be  rich  or  poor.  But  a  reasonable 
and  innocent  enjoyment  of  one's  possessions  is  the  truest  wisdom. 

7.  Bedris  :  for  beaveris  :  i.  e.  or  whether  you  shaU  have  regaled 
yourself 

8.  Interiore  notd  Falerni :  '  with  the  more  choice  Falernian.' 
Interiore  :  put  away  more  carefully  to  be  brought  out  only  on  rare 
occasions. 

15.  Sororum  .  .  .  trium :  the  names  of  the  Fates  were  Clotho, 
Lachesis,  and  Atropos.     For  tlieir  offices,  see  Class.  Dict. 

17.  Cedcs  coSmptis  saltibus :  i.  e.  you  will  bid  adieu  to  the  de- 
lightful  groves  you  have  purchased  at  great  expense. 

19.  Exstructis  in  altum :  '  heaped  high.' 

23.  Sub  divo  moreris :  i.  e.  whether  you  may  live  in  this  world. 
Sub  divo  usually  means  in  the  open  air:  here  it  means  in  this 
world.     Moreris,  from  moror,  mordri. 

26.  Urna :  the  ancients  pretended  that  the  names  of  all  persons 
living  were  cast  into  an  urn,  which  was  continually  revolving,  and 
that  as  each  one's  lot  or  name  came  out,  that  one  died.  The  a 
in  uma  is  long  by  caesura.  Some  have  pointed  this  verse  differ- 
ently,  and  make  uma  in  the  ablative. 

28.  Cymb(B :  i.  e.  in  the  boat  of  Charon.     Cyvih(E :  the  dative 
for  in  cymha. 


ODES.    BOOK  II.  0^7 


ODE   IV. 


This  ode  is  an  expression  of  friendship  to  Septimius,  a  Roman 
knight  of  high  standing.  He  was  a  poet  and  a  soldier.  He  had 
been  a  school-fellow,  a  long-tried  and  intimate  friend  of  Horace, 
who  here  tells  hini,  that,  as  they  had  passed  the  best  of  their  days 
together  in  toils  and  dangers,  he  now  wishes  to  retire  with  him, 
and  to  spend  the  evening  of  life  in  tranquillity,  either  at  his  own 
seat  at  Tibur,  or  with  Septimius  at  Tarentum. 

I.  Aditure:  'ready  to  go  with  me  (if  necessary)  to  Cadiz,'  the 
farthest  part  of  Spain,  '  and  against  the  Cantabrian,  not  yet  subdu- 
ed,'  &c.  Almost  all  COTamentators  are  agreed  that  iJiis  is  the 
sense  ;  as  we  say,  I  am  ready  to  go  with  you  any  where :  and  not 
that  the  poet  actually  anticipated  any  expedition  of  the  kind  here 
mentioned. 

5.  Tihur  .  .  .  colono :  '  Tibur,  founded  by  an  Argive  colonist' 
Tiburnus,  Catillus,  and  Cora,  three  brotliers  from  Argos,  settled  a 
colony  there. 

7.  Lasso :  sc.  mihi. 

10.  Pellitis  ovihus :  the  sheep  of  Tarentum,  near  which  the  river 
Galsesus  flowed,  had  wool  of  so  fine  a  quality,  that  they  were  cov- 
ered  with  skins  to  preserve  it  from  injury. 

II.  Laconi  .  .  .  Phalanto  :  'by  Lacedemonian  Phalantus.'  ZrO- 
co,  or  Lacon;  geii.  Laconis,  adj. 

14.  Ubi  non  .  .  .  Fenafro  :  'where  the  honey  does  not  yield  to 
that  of  Hymettus,  and  the  olives  vie  with  those  of  verdant  Vena- 
fhim.'  Hymettus  is  a  mountain  in  Attica  abounding  in  the  finest 
honey.     Venafrum  is  a  city  in  Campania  famous  for  its  oil. 

18.  Aulon  .  .  .  uyisj  the  construction  is,  et  Aulon  amicus  fertili 
Baccho  minimiim  invidet  Falernis  uvis  :  Aulon  is  a  hill  near  Ta- 
rentum. 

ODE  V. 

There  has  been  some  doubt  who  the  Pompey  here  addressed 
was ;  some  suppose  it  to  have  been  Pompeius  Varus.  But  it  is 
pretty  generally  believed  that  the  address  is  to  Pompeius  Grosphus. 
He  was  an  early  friend  and  companion  of  our  poet,  and  was  with  him 
at  the  battle  of  Philippi.  He  also  continued  in  opposition  to  Au- 
gustus  aflerwards.  But  when  the  peace  was  concluded  between 
Sextus  Pompey  and  the  Triumvirate,  a  general  amnesty  was  grant- 
ed  to  all  Pompey's  party.  Grosphus,  taking  advantage  of  this,  re- 
turned  to  his  friends ;  on  which  occasion  Horace  addressed  this 
ode  to  him,  by  way  of  congratulation,  which  naturally  turns  on 
their  common  dangers  and  sufferings  in  former  days. 

1.  O  s(Bpk  .  .  .  sodalium :  the  construction  is,  O  Pompei,  prime 
meorum  sodalium,  sape  deducte  mecum  in  vltimum  tempus  {pericvr- 


228  NOTES. 

lum)f  Bruto  duce  militicB,  quis  redonavit  te  Qiiiritem  dis  patriis,  RO' 
loque  c<rIo^ 

3.  (luiritem  :  '  as  a  Roman  citizen.'  During  the  time  that  the 
friends  of  Pompey  continued  in  opposition  to  Augustus,  after  he 
vras  invested  with  legal  authority,  they  were  considered  as  out- 
laws:  by  tlie  recent  amntsty  tliey  were  restored  to  their  rights  as 
Roman  citizens. 

8.  Malohathro  Syrio  :  the ^malohathriim  was  a  costly  ointment 
brought  from  Malabar  in  India,  by  the  Syrian  merchants,  by  whom 
the  Romans  were  furnished  wjth  it     Hence  the  epithet  Syrian. 

10.  Relictd  .  .  .  parmuld  :  thc  poet  has  been  applauded  for  this 
ingenuous  confession  of  his  own  cowardice,  which  might  not  oth- 
erwise  have  been  remembered. 

13.  Mercurius :  he  ascribes  liis  escape  to  Mercury,  as  the  guar- 
dian  of  literary  men.  <•. 

15.  Te  rursus  .  .  .  resorhens  :  afler  the  battle  at  Philip,i3i,  Horace 
gave  up  all  hope  of  the  success  of  his  party,  and  obtained  pardon; 
while  his  friend  Grosphus  fled  to  the  younger  Pompey,  as  has  been 
already  observed,  and  continued  in  hostihty  to  Augustus. 

17.  Dapem :  '  the  sacrifice.' 

19.  Siih  lauro  med :  i.  e.  under  the  protection  of  Maecenas. 

25.  Qiiem  Venus  .  .  .  hihendi  :  '  whom  will  Venus  appoint  Idng 
of  the  feast  ?  '  i.  e.  by  a  throw  of  the  dice.  See  Book  I.  Ode  IV. 
18.  note. 

27.  Edonis :  'than  the  Thracians  ;'  who  were  much  addicted  to 
hard  drinkinff.     See  Book  I.  Ode  XVI.  9.  note. 


*to' 


ODE  VI. 

T.  Valgius  Rufus  was  a  poet  of  some  eminence.  Having  lost 
his  son  Mystes,  he  gave  himself  up  to  grief,  and  spent  his  time  in 
writing  elegies,  and  in  other  expressions  of  sorrow. 

Horace  endeavors  to  dissuade  him  from  this  course  of  conduct, 
by  saying  that  it  was  contrary  to  nature,  where  storms  and  winter 
do  not  always  reign  ;  and  that  others  had  been  afflicted  in  a  simi- 
lar  manner,  who  yet  did  not  sink  under  their  bereavements.  Be- 
sides,  he  might  better  employ  his  talents  in  celebrating  the  praises 
of  Augustus. 

9.  Tu  semper  .  .  .  adtmptum:  'but  you  constantly  pursue  with 
mournful  elegies  your  lost  Mystes.' 

13.  Ter  (Bvofunctus  .  .  .  senex:  i.  e.  the  aged  Nestor,  who  lived 
thrice  the  age  of  man,  did  not  spend  all  his  days  in  bewailing  the 
amiable  Antilochus.  His  son  Antilochus  was  slain  by  Memnon  at 
the  siege  of  Troy. 

16.  Troilon :  Troilus,  the  son  of  Priam  and  Hecuba,  was  slain 
by  Achilles. 

17.  Desine  .  .  .  querelarum:  an  imitation  of  the  Greeks,  as, 
/L^yt  yowr,  odvQucTtv.     Sce  Lat.  Gram.  R.  XVI.  Obs.  1. 


ODES.    BOOK  II.  229 

20.  JViphaten :  Niphates  is  a  part  of  Mount  Taurus,  between 
Mesopotamia  and  Armenia  ;  it  is  also  the  name  of  a  river  that  flows 

from  it. 

21.  Medwmjlumen:  i.  e.  the  Euphrates  ;  which,  the  poet  says, 
now  rolls  its  waters  with  less  pride,  since  its  country  was  con- 
quered,  and  the  Scythians,  or  Geloni,  ride  within  the  limits  pre- 
scribed  by  the  Romans. 


ODE  VII. 

Licinius  Varro  Murena,  the  brother  of  Proculeius  Varro  Mure- 
na,  mentioned  in  Ode  U.  5.  of  this  Book,  for  his  parental  affection 
and  generosity  towards  his  brothers,  was  a  young  man  of  a  restless, 
ardent,  and  ambitious  spirit.  Horace,  knowing  his  character,  and 
wishing  to  preserve  him  from  the  evils  to  wliich  his  fearless  and 
aspiring  views  exposed  hira,  addressed  this  ode  to  him,  contain- 
ing  much  sound  wisdom,  and  some  excellent  rules  andmaxims  for 
life.  But  Licinius  could  not  be  governed  by  them.  Having  been 
detected  in  forming  a  conspiracy  against  Augustus,  he  suffered 
the  fatal  consequences  of  his  rashness.  For  all  the  interest  which 
his  brother  Proculeius  and  Msecenas,  who  married  his  sister  Te- 
rentia,  were  able  to  exert,  could  not  save  him. 

13.  Sperat  infestis :  sc.  rebus  ;  '  in  adversity  hopes.' 
17.  JVon  .  .  .  sic  erit :  '  if  things  go  wrong  now,  it  will  not  be  so 
hereafter.' 

ODE  VIIL 

Q,uinctius  Hirpinus  was  a  man  of  great  wealth,  and  of  an  anx- 
ious  and  timid  character.  He  made  himself  unhappy  by  dreading 
changes  and  civil  commotions,  which  might  endanger  his  posses- 
sions.  Horace  offers  to  him,  in  this  beautiful  ode,  the  same  kind 
of  consolation  which  he  frequently  gives  to  others  in  trouble.  He 
exhorts  them  not  to  be  anxious  about  futurity ;  since  life  is  too 
short  to  have  any  portion  ofit  wasted  inunavailing  anxieties.  Old 
age  and  infirmities  will  soon  deprive  them  of  the  power  of  enjoy- 
ing  the  blessings  they  possess.  He  recommends,  therefore,  that 
they  should  make  the  most  of  present  enjoyfnents,  without  troub 
ling  their  thoughts  about  the  things  beyond  their  reach  or  con- 
trol. 

I.  Cantaber,  et  Scythes  .  .  .  cogitet :  i.  e.  what  plans  the  warlike 
Cantabrian  and  Scythian  may  be  forming. 

9.  JVon  semper  idem  Jloribus :  few  things  are  lcss  durable  than 
the  flowers  of  spring,  or  more  changeable  than  the  moon  ;  and  yet 
these  are  unages  of  human  life,  most  strikingly  true  and  impres- 
eive. 

II.  J\finorem:  i.  e.  unable  to  comprehend. 
17.  Evius :  Bacchus. 

20 


230  NOTES. 

18.  Quispuer  .  .  .  li/mphd  :  '  what  servant  boy  will  cool  the  wine 
in  the  fountain,  from  wliich  this  stream  of  water  flows,  that  runs 
by  us  ?'  Commentators  are  divided  as  to  the  meaninir  of  this  pas- 
sage  ;  some  suppose  it  means,  to  liave  tlie  water  mingled  vvith  the 
wine  ;  and  others,  that  it  was  to  be  cooled  by  inmiersing  in  cold 
water  tlie  vessel  containinff  it. 


ODE  IX. 

Horace,  heing  requested  by  MjEcenas  to  celebrate  the  victories 
of  (^"ffisar  in  an  epic  poem,  replies  that  he  is  unfit  for  so  high  and 
responsible  a  work ;  and  that  liis  lyre  is  adapted  to  light  and  spor- 
tive  subjects  only.  He  says  that  Msecenas  can  do  much  more 
justice  to  the  subject  by  writing-  a  history  of  these  achieveraents 
in  prose. 

I.  JVoIis  :  the  drifl  of  this  introduction  is  tliis  :  Inasmuch  asyou 
would  liardly  desire  a  light  and  trifling  poet  to  attempt  a  descrip- 
tion  of  the  Numantian  war,  or  the  Carthaginian  wars,  or  tlie  battle 
of  the  Centaurs  with  the  Laplthae  ;  so  you  would  nothave  me  pre- 
sume  to  celebrate  the  achievements  of  great  Csesar,  when  I  am 
only  fit  to  write  love  ditties.     Doering. 

3.  Mollibus  .  .  .  modis  :  '  to  the  soft  measures  of  thc  lyre.' 

5.  Lapithas  .  .  .  HijlfBum :  the  Lapithse  were  a  people  of  Thes- 
saly.  The  quarrel  between  them  and  the  Ccntaurs  is  said  to  have 
been  bcgun  by  the  Centaur  Hylssus,  who,  having  drunk  loo  much 
wine,laid  hands  on  Hippodamia,  the  bride  of  PinUioiis.  See  Book 
I.  Ode  XVI.  8.  note. 

7.  Telluris  juvcncs :  i.  e.  the  giants,  sons  of  earth,  who  made 
war  against  Jupiter. — Unde  pcricMlum  .  .  .  veteris  :  '  on  account  of 
the  danger  from  whom,  the  shining  palace  of  old  Saturn  trembled.' — 
Unde  :  i.  e.  a  quibus. 

9.  Pedestribus  .  .  .  historiis :  '  You  will  describe  in  a  prose  nar- 
ration.' 

II.  Ducta  per  vias :  'led  in  triumph  through  the  streets.' 

13.  Mc  dulces  .  .  .  oculos :  the  construction  is,  Musa  voluit  me 
dicere  dulces  cantus  domince  Licymni(E^  voluit  me  dicere  oculos  ful- 
gentes  lucidiim :  '  my  muse  would  rather  I  should  celebrate  the 
eweet  voice  of  thy  beloved  Licymnia,'  &.c.  It  is  generally  sup- 
posed  that  Terentia  is  moant  by  Licymnia,  and  that  the  ode  was 
written  about  the  time  that  Maecenas  married  that  lady  ;  the  word 
domina  is  often  used  to  signify  one  dearly  beloved. 

15.  Mutuis  amoribus  :  '  with  mutual  attachment.' 

19.  Tjudentem  nitidis  virginibus :  '  when  dancing  with  the  chaste 
and  beautiful  virgics.'  It  is  evident  from  this,  that  Terentia  was 
not  yet  married,  or  she  would  not  have  been  admitted  among  the 
virgins,  who  celebrated  the  sacred  rites  of  Diana. 

21.  JVum  tu  .  .  .  domos :  '  would  you  take  in  exchange  for  alock 
of  Licymnia's  hair  all  that  rich  Achsemenes  possessed,   or  the 


ODES.    BOOK  II.  231 

treasures  of  the  king  of  fertile  Phrygia,  or  the  wealthy  mansioiiM 
of  the  Arabs  ?'  Achsemenes  was  king-  of  Persia. — Mygdonias  : 
Midas  was  king  of  Mygdonia,  a  part  of  Phrygia. 


ODE  X. 

Horace,  having  nan-ow]y  escaped  with  his  life  from  the  fall  of 
a  tree  whilst  he  was  walking  on  his  farm,  breaks  out  with  dread- 
ful  imprecations  upon  the  tree  and  the  person  who  planted  it. 

He  is  naturallv  led  to  reflect  on  the  danofers  to  which  we  are 
at  all  times  exposed,  and  against  which  it  is  impossible  to  be  suf- 
ficiently  guarded,  His  thoughts  are  turned  to  the  worldofspirits, 
to  which  he  came  so  near  being  sent  unawares.  And  by  way  of 
compliment  to  lyric  poetry,  he  represents  the  shades,  and  even 
Cerberus  and  the  Furies,  as  overpowered  by  the  music  of  Sappho 
and  Alcaeus. 

1.  Ille  .  .  .  pagi :  the  construction  is,  Qiiicunque  primum  posuit 
te,  O  arbos,  ille  et  posuit  fe  nefasto  die,  et  sacrilegd  manu  produxit 
te  in  pcrniciem  nepotum,  opprobriumque  pagi.  This  passage  has 
cost  commentators  much  troLible.  Tliey  are  generally  of  opinion, 
that  tliere  is  something  wrong  or  imperfect  in  the  construction  of 
it.  But  it  m^ay  be  construed  as  above  Avithout  much  violence  or 
mconsistency. 

3.  Produxit :  '  trained  up.' 

7.  JVocturno  :  '  in  the  night ;'  for  nocte,  or  nocturno  tempore. 

8.  Colcha:  'Colchian.'  Colchos  was  a  region  of  Asia,-  near  to 
Pontus,  and  abounding  in  the  strongest  poisons. 

14.  In  horas  :  '  hourly  ;'  or  every  moment  of  his  Hfe. 

17.  Miles :  i.  e.  the  Roman  soldier.  The  Parthians  were  most 
dangerous  when  pursued,  as  they  discharged  their  arrows  beliind 
them  with  great  effect. 

21.  Q^uam  penh  .  .  .  vidimus :  '  how  near  we  were  to  seeing  the 
dusky  realms  of  Proserpine,  and  iEacus  dispensing  justice  :'  furvce 
is  used  forfurva,  which  is  evidently  the  meaning. 

25.  Puellis  de  popularibus :  '  concerning  the  maidens  of  her 
country.' 

26.  Pleniiis :  '  in  loflier  strains.' 

29.  Utrumque  :  '  each,'  both  Alcaeus  and  ^appho. 

30.  Sed  magis  .  .  .  vidgus:  '  but  the  crowd,  pressing  each  oth- 
er's  shoulders,  listen  with  more  willing  ear  to  accounts  of  battles 
and  of  banished  tyrants.' 

34.  Bellua  centiceps :  the  monster  Cerberus.     See  Class.  Dict 

37.  Pelopis  parens :  Tantalus.     See  Class.  Dict. 

38.  Orion :  he  was  a  giant  and  a  famous  hunter. 


232  NOTES. 


ODE    XI. 


The  shortness  of  life  and  the  mevitable  event  of  death  are  very 
feelingly  set  foiiJi  in  this  ode.  But  the  argument  and  the  infer- 
ence  are,  as  usual  with  our  poet,  employed  to  enforce  the  doctrine 
of  a  refined  Epicureanism.  Had  the  light  of  revelation  beenshed 
on  his  mind,  he  would  not  only  have  considered  the  shortness  of 
life  as  a  reason  for  enjoying  it  as  it  passed,  which  is  indeed  good 
philosophy ;  but  he  would  also  have  urged  the  necessity  of  form- 
ing  the  character  for  a  higher  and  a  nobler  existence. 

Who  the  person  was,  that  is  here  addressed  by  the  name  of 
Posthumus,  or  Postumus,  as  some  say  it  should  be  written,  has 
not  been  ascertained.  But  it  appears  to  have  been  a  friend 
whom  Horace  considered  too  parsmionious,  and  advises  to  a  more 
liberal  enjoyment  of  his  fortune. 

5.  J\/on,  si  .  .  .  enavigandd :  the    construction   is,   JS/on   afferet 
moram,  amice,  si  quofquot  dies  eunt,  places  illacrymahilcm  Plutona 
trecenis  tauris ;  Plutona  qui  compescit  ter  amplum  Geryonen  Tity-  . 
onque  tristi  undd,  scilicet  enavigandd  omnibus  quicunque  vescimur 
munere  terrce. 

23.  Invisas:  '  forbidding,' '  mournful.'  The  cypress  was  sacred 
to  Pluto  and  Proserpine,  and  it  was  usually  placed  on  the  funeral 
pile  with  the  dead  body.  It  was  also  placed  before  the  door 
where  there  was  any  one  dead  within. 

24.  Brevem:  '  short-Uved.' 

28.  Pontificum potiore  ccenis :  'more  delicious  than  that  used  at 
the  suppers  of  the  pontiffs.' 


ODE  XII. 

In  this  ode  Horace  contrasts  the  magnificence  of  the  Romans 
of  his  time,  in  their  buildings,  plantations,  gardens,  and  pleasure 
grounds,  with  the  frugahty  of  their  ancestors ;  who  considered  the 
public  edifices,  and  the  temples  of  the  gods,  the  noblest  momi- 
ments  ofreal  grandeur,  as  well  as  of  piety. 

1.  Jam:  '  shortly,"  soon.' — Rcgi(zmoUs  :  'the  princely  edifices.' 

4.  Stagna:  'fish-ponds.'  By"these  the  poet  probably  means 
large  portions  of  salt  water  enclosed  from  the  seaby  artificial  piers 
and  dykes. — Platanus:  '  the  plane  tree'  was  planted  for  ornament 
only  ;  whereas  the  elm  was  useful  for  the  vines  to  run  upon. 

6.  Et  omnis  .  .  .  narium :  '  and  the  whole  tribe  of  sweet-scented 
flowers.' 

8.  Fertilibus  .  .  .  priori  :  '  wliich  were  formerly  profitable  totheir 
owner.' 

9.  Tum :  'soon  ;'  i.  e.  the  laurel  will  be  made  to  grow  so  thick, 
for  the  comfort  of  those  walking,  that  the  rays  of  the  sun  will  be 
excludcd  from  the  ground. 


ODES.     BOOK  II.'  233 

13.  Privatus  .  .  .  hrevis  :  '  then  private  fortunes  were  small.' — 
niis :  sc.  auspiciis  or  temporibus. 

14.  jYulla  .  .  .  Arcton  :  i.  e.  no  piazza  of  private  individuals  was 
so  constructed  as  to  intercept  the  cool  north  wind,  and  keep  it 
from  others. 

17.  Fortuitum  cespitem:  *anyturf  which  chance  might  offer,' 
for  roofs. 


ODE  XIII. 

This  ode  appears  to  have  been  written  with  a  view  to  divert  tho 
mind  of  Pompeius  Grosphus  from  some  anxieties  that  were  at  the 
time  disturbing  his  peace,  and  to  direct  it  to  tlie  study  of  that  true 
tranquillity  which  springs  from  well  regulated  passions,  and  is 
wholly  independent  of  external  circumstances. 

3.  Certa :  i.  e.  as  sure  and  visible  guides  to  the  mariners. 

4.  Sidera  :  '  fixed  stars,'  or  constellations. 

7.  JVon  .  .  .  venale  :  '  not  to  be  purchased  with  precious  stones, 
nor  costly  purple.' 

11.  Laqiieata  .  .  .  volantes :  '  which  fly  about  the  gilded  ceilings 
of  the  rich.' 

14.  Saliniim:  the  salt-cellar  is  here  put  for  any  household  fur- 
niture ;  meaning,  the  man  whose  unambitious  mind  is  satisfied 
with  the  moderate  and  frugal  mode  of  living  practised  by  his  an- 
cestors. 

17.  Quid  .  .  .  multa :  '  why  do  we,  vigorous  for  so  short  a  time 
only,  aim  at  so  many  objects  ?' 

19.  Mutamus :  the  sense  here  is  very  obvious;  butthelanguage 
is  so  peculiar  as  to  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  there  is  some  mis- 
take  in  the  text.  Dr.  Bentley  and  Wakefield  have  proposed  the 
following  reading :  Sole  mutamus  patna  ?  Qui5  exsul,  &c.,  which 
Doering  has  adopted. 

30.  Minuit :  '  wasted,'  or  dried  up.     See  Class.  Dict. 

35.  Tebis  .  .  .  lance:  'garments  twice  dyed  in  African  purple 
clothe  you.'  Purple  was  brought  from  Meninx,  an  African  island, 
as  well  as  from  Tyre. 


ODE  XIV. 

MBBcenas,  being  sick,  apprehended  that  his  dissolution  was  at 
hand.  This  fear  he  repeatedly  expressed  in  his  complaints  to 
Horace,  who  in  this  ode  entreats  him  to  forbear  using  such  dis- 
tressing  language  to  him.  He  assures  him  that  it  will  be  impossi- 
ble  for  him  to  survive  his  best  friend  and  patron.  He  shows,  by 
a  remarkable  conformity  in  the  events  of  their  lives,  that  their  des- 
tinies  are  inseparably  cormected,  particularly  in  those  accidents 
by  which  their  lives  had  been  endangered,  and  proposes  that  they 


234  NOTES. 

should  perform  their  sacrifices  to  the  gods  in  gratitude  for  their' 
preservation. 

It  is  probable  tliat  this  was  not  the  last  sickness  of  Maecenas, 
but  tliat  he  recovered  from  it. 

(j.  (^uid  moror  .  .  .  integer :  'why  should  I,  the  other  part, 
remain,  since  I  should  not  be  equally  dear  to  any  other,  nor, 
indeed,  survive  you  entire  ?'  i.  e.  when  you,  a  part  of  me,  axe 
taken  ofF. 

8.  Utramque  :  for  utriusque ;  '  of  both.' 

10.  Sacramentum :  an  allusion  to  the  oath  taken  by  soldiers,  who 
swear  not  to  desert  tlieir  standard  ;  so  Horace  says,  he  had  sworn 
not  to  be  separated,  even  by  death,  from  his  friend. 

13.  ChimcBrcB:  the  Cliimsera  was  a  fabulous  monster,  having- the 
fore  parts  of  a  lion,  the  hinder  parts  of  a  dragon,  and  being  like  a 
goat  in  the  middle. 

15.  Sic  :  i.  e.  that  we  should  be  united  in  life  and  in  death. 

17.  Seu  Libra  .  .  .  undce  :  the  construction  is,  Seu  lAbra,  seu 
formidolosus  Scorpius,  pars  violentior  natalis  horce,  aspicit  me,  seu 
Capricornus  tyrannus  Hesperia  undfB.  Libra  was  considered  a 
fortunate  sign,  or  constellation,  to  be  born  under ;  but  the  Scorpi- 
on  and  Capricorn  were  inauspicious. — Pars  violentior  natalis 
horfB :  '  the  more  dangerous  sign  of  our  nativity.' — Aspicit  me  : 
'shines  upon  me  ;'  i.  e.  sheds  its  influence  ;  referring  to  the  horo- 
scope,  where  reference  is  had  to  the  sign,  or  the  part  of  the  sign, 
which  appears  above  the  horizon  at  the  momcnt  of  birth. 

23.  Refulgens  :  this  is  a  tenn  in  astrology,  which  signifies  shin- 
ing  in  direct  opposition.  Saturn  was  said  to  have  a  baneful  influ- 
ence  on  the  fortunes  of  those  born  under  his  star. 

25.  Qiium  populus  :  this  refers  to  the  time  when  the  people  ap- 
plauded  Maecenas  at  the  theatre,  on  his  first  appearance  after  a 
dangerous  illness.     See  Book  I.  Ode  XVII.  2.  note. 

30.  Victimas  ;  victima  properly  means  a  sacrifice  of  one  of  the 
larger  animals,  such  as  bulls  ;  and  hostia,  of  one  of  the  smaller 
kind,  such  as  sheep  or  lambs.  The  diflerence  of  the  sacrifices  of 
the  patron  and  the  poet  may,  therefore,  liave  rcference  to  their 
diflferent  rank  and  means. 


ODE  XV. 

The  poet  in  this  ode  censures  the  folly  and  extravagance  of  the 
wealthy,  in  their  buildings  and  manner  of  living.  He  shows,  by 
his  own  example,  that  an  unambitious  nian,  of  a  cultivated  mind, 
content  with  a  competency  and  the  aflTection  of  his  friends,  is  the 
truly  happy  man. 

3.  Trabes  HymettitE :  from  raount  Hymettus  ;  the  marble  from 
this  mountain  was  in  high  repute.  That  marble  should  be  em- 
ployed  where  wood  had  always  been  deemed  suflScient,  constituted 
a  part  of  the  extravagance  wliich  the  poet  censures. 


ODES.    BOOK  11.  235 

4.  Ultimd  recisas  Africd:  i.  e.  made  of  marble  of.the  most  cost- 
ly  and  exquisite  kind:  ^^factus  e  marmore  inremotiore  Afric<2  parte 
exciso,  h.  e.  Numidico,  subnigro  et  variis  maculis  distinctoJ'^  Doer- 
ing. 

5.  Jlttali :  Attalus  was  king  of  Pergamus,  and,  having  no  legal 
heir,  he  made  the  Roman  people  heir  to  his  immense  possessions. 
One  Aristonicus,  however,  claiming  to  be  of  the  royal  lineage, 
took  possession  of  the  throne  and  kingdom  of  Attalus ;  but  he  was 
afterwards  seized,  and  carried  to  Rome,  where  he  was  put  to  death 
by  order  of  the  senate. 

7.  JVec  Laconicas  .  .  .  clientoi :  '  nor  do  I  keep  under  me  ladies 
of  noble  birth  to  spin  the  purple  of  Sparta.'  It  is  said  that  the 
proud  and  wealthy  patrons  compelled  their  female  clients  of  the 
higher  order  to  make  their  robes  for  them.  The  purple  from  Spar- 
ta,  with  which  they  dyed  their  wool,  was  considered  the  best  in 
use  among  the>Romans. 

9.  Fides  :  i;  €.  animi  integritas. 

12.  Potentgm  amicum :  sc.  Mcecenas,  his  patron. 

14.   Unicis  Sahinis  :  sc.  agris  :  '  with  my  Sabine  farm  alone.' 

17.  Tu  secanda  .  .  .  locas  :  '  yet  you  engage  workmen  to  cut 
your  marble  :'  i.  e.  for  building.  Tu  is  applied  indefinitely.  Lo- 
care  sig-nifies  'to  let  out  by  the  job.' 

20.  Maiisque  .  .  .  littora :  '  and  you  are  urgent  to  push  the  shorea 
further  out  into  the  sea  at  Baise.'  Baiis  obstrepentis  :  i.  e.  roaring 
or  dashing  against  Baise  ;  which  was  a  place  of  much  resort,  on 
account  of  its  pleasantness,  the  variety  of  its  springs,  and  the  salu- 
brity  of  the  air. 

24.  Terminos :  It  was  sacrilege,  according  to  the  laws  of  the 
Twelve  Tables,  to  remove  the  land-marks.  Indeed,  the  stone, 
which  marked  the  boundaries,  was  held  so  sacred  that  itwas  dein- 
ed  by  the  ancients  as  the  god  Terminus. 

26.  Salis :  'you  encroach  upon,'  'you  overleap.' 

32.  Quid  ultra  tendis  :  '  why  do  you  desire  more  ?'  since  death 
will  overtake  you  before  you  can  enjoy  it. 

33.  Recluditur :  i.  e.  is  opened  for  the  burial. 

34.  Satelles  Orci:  Charon. 

36.  Auro  captus :  The  fable  here  alluded  to,  in  which  the  cun- 
ning  Prometheus  is  supposed  to  have  attempted  to  bribe  Charon 
to  ferry  him  back  over  the  Styx,  is  not  now  known. — Hic  .  .  .  co€r- 
cet :  '  he  restrains  beyond  the  Styx  proud  Tantalus  and  all  his  race,' 
Pelops,  Atreus,  Agamemnon,  and  Orestes  were  the  descendants 
ofTantalus. 

38.  Hic  .  . .  audit:  'he  is  ready.' — Vocatus  aique  non  vocaius: 
i.  e.  whether  invoked  or  not,  the  messenger  of  death  is  ready  to 
conduct  the  poor  man  to  a  place  of  rest,  when  his  toils  and  suffer- 
ings  are  over.  *. 


236  NOTES. 


ODE  XVI. 

This  ode  was  probably  written  for  some  festival  in  honor  of 
Bacchus ;  and  iie  poet  seems  to  have  caught  the  enthusiasm,  and 
to  have  become  an  actor  in  the  scene  he  describes. 

1.  Carmina  .  .  .  docentem :  i.  e.  teaching  his  worshippers  how  to 
celebrate  his  mysteries.  This  was  done  in  secret  retirement,  in 
remotis  rupihus. 

5.  Evoe  :  now  feeling  tlie  inspiring  influence  of  the  god,  he  ex- 
claims  Jblvoe,  as  they  are  wont  to  exclaira,  who  are  celebrating  the 
orgies. 

6.  Turhidiim  lcetatur :  '  exults  tumultuously.' 

7.  Parce  :  'spare  me.'  Feeling  unable  to  bear  the  full  inspira- 
tion  of  the  god,  he  entreats  him  to  forbear,  and  not  to  strike  him 
with  his  thyrsus  ;  for  in  this  way  Bacchus  was  supposed  to  excite 
the  phrensy  of  his  foUowers. 

9.  Thyiadas  :  the  Thyiades  were  the  infuriated  Bacchanals,  or 
priestesses  of  Bacchus. 

12.  Iterare :  i.  e.  iterum  iterumque  laudare.  Doer.  Bacchus 
WELS  supposed  to  produce,  and  cause  an  abundance  of  wine,  milk, 
and  boney. 

13.  Fa^s  et :  and  it  is  lawful  for  me  to  sing. — Conjugis :  i.  e. 
Ariadne.  She  was  said  to  be  translated  by  Bacchus  to  the  heav- 
ens,  and  presented  with  a  starry  crown,  called  Gnossia  corona,  or 
Seven  Stars. 

14.  Penthe.i :  Pentheus  was  a  king  of  Thebes,  who,  for  slight- 
ing  the  rites  of  Bacchus,  was  torn  to  pieces  by  his  own  mother, 
sisters,  and  aunt 

16.  Lycurgi :  Lycurgus,  king  of  Thrace,  finding  his  subjectstoo 
much  addicted  to  wine,  ordered  all  the  vines  in  his  kingdom  to  be 
rooted  up.  For  this  offence,  Bacchus  caused  him  to  go  mad,  and 
to  cut  otf  his  own  feet. 

17.  Mare  harharum :  i.  e.  Indicum.  Bacchus  was  said  to  have 
extended  his  conquests  to  the  Indus  and  the  Ganges. 

20.  Bistonidum:  the  Bistonides  were  Thracian  women,  the 
Bacchanals. 

23.  Leonis :  Bacchus  is  said  to  have  transformed  himself  into  a 
lion,  and  under  this  form  to  have  fought  the  giants,  and  kUled 
Rhoetus. 

25.  Q^uanquam  .  .  .  dictus :  '  although  you  were  said  to  be  bet- 
ter  suited  to  dances  and  scenes  of  mirth.' 

29.  Insons :  without  offering  to  hurt  you. — Aureo  comu  deco- 
rum :  '  graceful  witli  your  golden  horns.'  There  are  various  rea- 
sons,  but  none  very  satisfactory,  why  Bacchus  is  represented  with 
honu. 


ODES.    BOOK  II.  237 


ODE  XVII. 

Horace  Iieie  predicts  the  glory  and  immortality  of  his  name. 
And,  with  the  true  spirit  of  a  poet,  he  imagines  himself  already  as- 
suming  the  form  and  faculties  of  a  swan,  and  soaring  above  the 
earth,  over  which  he  is  about  to  take  his  aerial  flight.  As  he  will 
leave  the  humble  abodes  of  men,  so  he  will  shake  oft'"this  mortal 
coil,"  and  cease  to  be  an  object  of  human  sympathy  or  sorrow. 
He  wishes  not  for  the  empty  honors  of  a  burial,  nor  the  vv^aste  of 
useless  tears  on  his  account,  since  he  shall  not  die. 

I.  JVon  usiiatd  .  .  .  vates :  '  I  as  a  poet,  in  my  two-fold  charac- 
ter,  shall  be  borne,  on  no  common  or  feeble  wing,  through  the  li- 
quid  sether.' — Usitatd  :  tiiis  may  mean  '  of  no  common  or  ordinary 
kind ;'  or  it  may  mean  simply  '  unused  to  flying.' — Biformis  ;  i.  e. 
part  raan  and  part  swan.  "  Bince.  form(E,  tam  hominis,  quam  cycni 
concess(B  suntP     Doer. 

5.  JVon  ego  .  .  .  obibo  :  '  I  shall  not,  although  the  offspring  of 
humble  parents,  I  shall  not  die,  whom  you,  O  Msecenas,  call  be- 
loved/  I  have  given  the  common  reading',  and  the  usual  render- 
ing  of  the  passage.  But  there  seems  to  be  some  violence  in  sep- 
arating  dilecte  Mcecenas.  Doering,  with  some  others,  point  it 
thus  ;  non  ego,  quem  vocas,  Dilecte  Macenas,  obibo  :  and  gives  this 
explanation :  "  non  ego,  ut  homo  vulgaris,  qualem  tu  me  nunc  ap- 

pellas,  dilecte  Mcecenas,  et  qualis  tibi  esse  videor,  morti  ero  obnox- 

'     ?) 

lUS. 

9.  Jamjam  .  .  .  pelles  :  'already  a  rough  skin  contracts  upon 
my  legs  :'  i.  e.  they  are  assuming  the  appearance  of  a  swan's 
legs. 

II.  Superna :  '  as  to  the  parts  above  :'  i.  e.  my  body. 

17.  Me  Colchus :  sc.  noscet :  '  the  Colchian  shall  know  me.'-=- 
Et  qui  .  .  .  Dacus  :  '  and  the  Dacian,  who  can  dissemble  his  fear 
of  the  Marsian  cohort.'  The  Marsi,  a  people  of  Latium,  were 
considered  among  the  best  ofthe  Roman  soldiers,  and  much  to 
be  feared  by  their  enemies. 

19.  Peritus :  sc.  literarum:  'learned;'  the  Spaniards  imitated 
the  Romans  in  cherishing  a  love  of  learning. 

20.  Discd :  i.  e.  "  cantibus  meis  attentas  aures prcEbebitJ^  Doer. 
These  distant  and  different  nations,  the  poet  says,  shall  learn  his 
farae  and  read  his  writings. 


238  NOTES. 


BOOK   III. 
ODE  I. 


In  tliis  beautiful  ode  Horace  endeavors  to  show  that  happiness 
does  not  depend  on  external  circumstances.  Rank  and  fortune, 
howover  greattheirsplendor,  cannot  silence  the  voice  ofconscience. 
He  only  is  the  truly  happy  man  who  lives  contented  with  his  lot, 
without  being  a  slave  to  any  passion,  or  suffering  any  reproof  from 
within. 

1.  Odi  profanum  vulgiis :  'I  despise  the  profane  rabble.'  By 
'  profane,'  we  may  understand,  the  uninitiated.  For  he  represents 
himself  here  as  the  priest  of  the  Muses,  and  as  about  to  dictate  a 
sacred  song  to  the  boys  and  girls,  who  composed  a  choir  for  the 
occasion,  as  in  the  Carmen  ScRculare,  and  as  in  the  hymn  to  Apol- 
lo  and  Diana,  Book  I.  Ode  XVHI.  He  could  not  bear  the  rabble, 
because  they  understood  not  what  was  true  wisdom. 

2.  Favete  linguis  :  i.  c.  keep  silence.  This  was  a  phrase  used 
at  public  and  solemn  sacrifices,  to  command  silence  and  atten- 
tion. 

4.  Virginihus  puerisque  :  these  composed  the  choir. 

5.  Greges :  kings  are  considered  shepherds,  and  the  people 
their  flocks.     Dacier. 

7.  Clari  .  .  .  triumpho :  '  illustrious  from  his  conquest  of  the 
giants.' 

9.  Est  ut :  i.  e.  contingit  ut :  '  it  happens  that.' 

11.  Campum :  the  election  of  the  chief  magistrates  of  Rome 
was  held  in  the  Campus  Martius. — Petitor  :  'candidate.' 

14.  JVecessitas  :  sc.  mortis. 

17.  Districtus  .  .  .  saporem :  the  construction  is,  SiculfB  dapes 
no7i  elahorahunt  dulcem  saporem  ei,  cui  supcr  impid  cervice  distric- 
tus  ensis  pendet.  This  probably  refers  to  tlie  story  of  Damocles, 
related  by  Cicero.     See  Tusc.  Quest.  Book  V.  21 ;  or  Class.  Dict. 

27.  Arcturi  cadentis  :  Arcturus  is  a  constellation  near  the  Grear 
Bear. 

28.  Hoe.di :  for  Hcedorum.  These  are  two  stars  in  the  lefl  arm 
of  Erichthonius.  The  rising  ofthe  Hadi,  and  the  setting  of -^rc- 
turus,  were  usually  attended  with  violent  storms. 

30.  Mendax :  '  that  has  disappointed  his  expectations.' 

34.  Jactis  in  altum  molihus :  '  by  the   piers  built  out  into  the 

sea.' — Huc  frequens  .  .  .  fastidiosus :  'hither  the  undertaker,  with 

a  crowd  of  workmen,  lets  down  the  stones,  while  the  fastidious 

owner  looks  on.'     Doering  makes  this  comment ;  '■'■frequens  cum 


ODES.    BOOK  III.  239 

famulis,  pro  cum  frequente  famulorum  (operariorum)  turbd ;  per 
ccBmenta  (dicta  quasi  pro  c(Bdwienta  a  csedendo,  ut  ramenta  pro  ra- 
dimenta  a  radendo)  intellige  lapides  csbsos,  sed  rudes  et  infor- 
mes." 

41.  Phrygius  lapis  :  i.  e.  marble  columns  brought  fromPhrygia  j 
this  kind  of  marble  was  in  high  estimation. 

44.  Acli(Emeniumve  costum :  '  Persian  ointment^'  The  costus, 
or  costum,  was  an  expensive  unguent  of  delightful  odor.  It  is 
called  Ach(Bm^nium,  from  Achaemenes,  king  of  Persia. 


ODE  II. 

In  as  much  as  the  Romans  had  relaxed  the  strictness  of  their 
discipline,  and  falleninto  luxury  and  vice,  the  poet  exhortsthem  to 
commence  a  reform  by  educating-  their  children  differently.  He 
intimates  that  they  should  early  be  inured  to  labor  and  privation, 
that,  by  enduring  the  hardships  of  warfare,  they  may  prize  the  bless- 
ings  of  peace  and  frugality. 

I.  Amic^ :  '  cheerfully.'  By  early  habit  they  may  be  made  to 
live  frugally  without  feeling  it  to  be  any  privation. 

5.  Sub  divo  :  '  in  the  open  air ;'  i.  e.  in  the  field  and  in  the 
camp. 

7.  Matrona  bellantis  tyranni :  i.  e.  from  the  walls  of  a  city  in- 
vested  by  the  Romans,  let  the  wife  of  some  barbarian  tyrant  look 
out  and  see  the  danger  in  which  her  lord  is,  and  dread  the  fierce 
Roman. 

9.  ^'•Eheu  .  .  .  ccBdes:^^  these  are  the  words  of  the  lady,  in  fear 
of  the  harm  which  her  husband,  or  the  prince  to  whom  she  is  be- 
trothed,  may  suffer  from  the  Roman  soldier. — Rudis  agminum: 
'unskilled  in  warfare.' 

II.  Leontm :  she  compares  the  Roman  to  a  lion,  as  expressive 
of  his  strength  and  courage. 

16.  Poplitibus :  the  enemy,  pursuing,  strikes  the  hams,  or  back 
part  of  the  legs,  and  the  backs  of  those  who  have  turned  in  flight. 

17.  Repids(E  nescia  sordidce:  'that  has  never  experienced  adis- 
honorable  repulse.'  This  has  reference  to  election  to  civil  ofli- 
ces. 

19.  Secwes  :  i.  e.fasces,     Insignia  consulatus  et  prceturcR. 

21.  Virtus  .  .  .  vid :  '  virtue,  which  opens  heaven  to  those  de- 
serving  immortality,  strikes  out  a  path  for  itself  unknown  to  oth- 
ers.' 

25.  Est  et .  .  .  merces  :  This  seems  to  be  another  topic,  relating 
to  fidelity  in  keeping  what  has  been  intrusted  as  a  secret.  It  may 
have  reference  to  some  violation  of  confidence,  by  divulging  some 
important  secret,  which  took  place  about  the  time  the  ode  was 
written. 

26.  Cereris  .  .  .  arcancB :  the  mysteries  of  Ceres  were  held  so 
inviolably  sacred,  that  any  disclosure  of  them  to  the  uninitiated 


240  NOTES. 

fexposed  the  *?.uthor  to  religious  detestation,  and  even  to  capital 
punishment.  They  were  called  Eleusinian  mysteries,  from  Eleu- 
sis,  the  town  where  they  were  celebrated.  The  process  of  initia- 
tion  was  by  a  kind  of  infernal  drama,  imposing  and  horrible  be- 
yond  description. 

28.  Trabibus  :  i.  e.  roof. 

30.  JVegledus :  i.  e.  "  hominum  impietate  lasus.^''  Doer. — Inces- 
to  addidit  integrum :  '  has  involved  the  innocent  in  the  same  pun- 
ishment  with  Uie  guilty.' 

ODE  III. 

This  ode  commences  with  an  encomium  on  justice  and  constan- 
cy  ;  and  shows  that  many  mortals  have,  by  these  virtues,  gained 
admission  to  the  assembly  of  the  gods.  But  its  main  object  was 
to  discourage  the  plan  of  making  Troy,  instead  of  Rome,  the  seat 
of  the  empire,  which  Augustus  was  supposed  to  be  meditating. 
A  design  of  this  sort  was  generally  believed  to  have  been  formed 
by  Julius  Caesar,  a  short  time  before  his  assassination ;  and  Au- 
gustus  seemed  disposed  to  carry  out  the  projects  of  his  predeces- 
sor.  To  dissuade  Augustus  from  a  measure  so  unpopular,  the 
poet  represents  Juno,  in  a  full  assembly  ofthe  gods,  declaring  that 
the  Romans  may  continue  to  enjoy  their  supremacy,  and  to  extend 
their  empire,  provided  they  do  not  attempt  to  rebuild  the  walls  of 
Troy ;  but  that,  should  they  attempt  this,  they  should  feel  the  ef- 
fects  of  her  resentment,  and  rue  the  day  that  they  rebuilt  that  de- 
tested  city. 

I .  Justum  ac  .  .  .  manus :  the  construction  is,  jYon  ardor  civium 
jubentium  prava,  non  vultus  instantis  tyranni,  negue  Auster,^  turbi- 
dus  dux  inquieti  HadrifB,  n?c  magna  manus  fulminantis  Jovis  qua- 
iit  virumjustum  ac  tenaccm  propositi  a  solidd  mentc. 

9.  Hcic  arte  :  i.  e.  by  this  firmness  of  purpose. —  Vagus  :  this  epi- 
thet  has  reference  to  the  wanderings  of  Hercules  over  the  earth,  to 
accomplish  the  labors  and  hardships  imposed  on  him  by  Eurystheus. 

II.  Qziosinter:  i.  e.  among  those,  who  by  their  perseverance 
have  gained  admittance  to  the  assembly  of  the  gods,  we  must 
reckon  Csesar. 

13.  Merentem :  '  deserving  this  honor ;'  1.  c.  of  being  carried  to 
heaven. 

17.  Gratum  eloquuta  .  .  divis :  '  afler  Juno  had  spoken  what 
was  pleasing  to  the  gods  in  council ;'  to  this  effect — 

18.  Rion  .  .  .  frauduhnto  :  the  construction  is,  "  Fatalis  inces- 
tusque  judex,  et  peregrina  mulier  vertit  in  pulverem  Hion,  Ilion 
damnatum  mihi  castmque  Minervce  cum  populo  et  fraudulento 
duce,  ex    quo   tempore    Laomedon  destituit    deos  mercede   pactd. 

19.  Fatalis :  i.  e.  '  ordained  by  fate'  to  be  the  destruction  of  his 
country. — Judex :  he  was  the  judge  that  awarded  the  golden 
apple  to  Venus,  which  so  incensed  Juno. 


ODES.    BOOK  III.  <J41 

21.  Destituit .  .  .  pactd :  '  defrauded  the  gods  of  the  payment 
promised.'  The  fable  here  alluded  to  states,  that  Laomedon  en- 
gaged  Neptune  and  Apollo  to  assist  him  in  building  the  walls  of 
Troy,  and  that  he  afterwards  defrauded  them  of  tlie  reward  he 
had  agreed  to  give  them.  Some  explain  this  by  saying  that  Lao- 
medon  borrowed  the  consecrated  gold  and  silver  from  the  temples 
of  these  gods,  and  neglected  to  repay  it.  Laomedon  was  the  son 
of  Ilus,  king  of  Troy. 

22.  Mihi  .  .  .  fraudulento :  'given  over  for  punishment,  together 
with  its  people  and  perfidious  king,  to  m.e  and  the  chaste  Miner- 
ya.'  Damnatus  was  a  term  of  the  Roman  law,  which  adjudged  an 
insolvent  debtor  to  his  creditors ;  in  which  sense  it  is  here  used  to 
express  the  condemnation  of  the  Trojans  to  the  resentment  of  Ju- 
no  and  Minerva.     Dacier. 

25.  JVecjam  .  .  .  hospes :  i.  e.  the  infamous  Paris  no  longerglit- 
ters  before  the  licentious  Helen.  "  Helena  haud  ampliiis  cultum 
Paridis  etformam  miratur.^''     Mitsch. 

28.  Hectoreis  opibus  :  '  by  Hector's  valor.' 

31.  Invisum  nepotem  :  i.  e.  Romukis,  who  was  considered  as  the 
son  of  Mars,  and  consequently  the  grandson  of  Juno,  was  hateful 
to  her  on  account  of  his  descent  from  Venus  by  Anchises,  the  fa- 
ther  of  ^neas. 

33.  Marti  redonaho  :  i.  e.  "  donaho  et  concedam  Marti,  h.  e.  ah 
ird  et  odio  invisi  mihi  nepotis  in  Martis  gratiam  absistam.''^  Doer. 
— Illum :  Romulus. 

37.  Dum  .  .  .  pontus :  '  so  long  as  an  extended  sea  may  rage 
between  Troy  and  Rome.' 

43.  Triumphatis :  '  that  have  been  vanquished  by  her.' 

45.  Horrenda  :  sc.  Roma  ;  'an  object  of  terror.' 

46.  Medius  liquor  :  'the  intervening  sea,'  '  the  Mediterranean.' 

49.  Aurum  .  .  .  dextrd :  Rome,  I  say,  '  more  powerful  for  despis- 
ing  gold  left  in  the  mines,  and  better  placed  while  the  earth  con- 
ceals  it,  than  if  she  seized  with  rapacious  hand  all  that  is  conse- 
crated,  and  applied  it  to  profane  uses.' 

50.  Spernere  :  "  Grcnce,  pro  spernendo,  dum  spernit"  Doer. — 
Cogere  '.  for  cogendo. 

53.   Obstitit :  '  resists.' 

55.  Qiid  parte  .  .  .  rores  :  'in  what  region  the  sun  scorches,  m 
what  the  mists  and  rains  prevail.' 

66.  Meis  .  .  .  Argivis :  '  torn  down  by  my  Greeks.'     Juno  fa-' 
vored  the  Greeks,  and  thereiore  uses  meis. 

70.  Q»6,  Musa,  tendis  ?  ;  the  poet  checks  himself,  as  if  he  had 
rashly  been  hurried  into  matters  too  high  for  the  lyric  muse. 


ODE  IV. 

After  the  civil  wars  were  ended,  Augustus  tumed  his  attention 
to  the   arts  of  peace.    He  particularly  cherished  learning  and 


242  NOTES. 

leamed  men.  In  this  ode  Horace  thauks  the  Muses  for  the  fa- 
vors  they  had  bestowed  on  him,  and  especially  for  the  friendship 
and  protection  of  Augustus,  which  he  ascribes  entirely  to  their  in- 
fluence.  He  intimates  that  a  love  of  poetry  and  elegant  literature 
had  inspired  liis  patron  with  nobler  sentiments  and  feehngs  than 
those  of  revenge  and  ])arty  strife. 

2.  Re^ina:  i.  e.  O  Calliope,  regina  Musarum,  descende  e  c(eIo, 
age  dic  longum  melos  tihid.  Calliope  is  liere  called  queen  of  the 
Muses,  because  she  was  their  eldest  sister,  whence  she  particular- 
ly  presided  ovor  heroic  poetry,  and  was  attendant  on  kings.  Sa- 
nadon. 

5.  Auditis  ? ;  '  do  you  hear  her  ?'  The  poet  seems  already  to  imag- 
ine  his  prayer  granted,  and  that  Calliope  had  desccnded  from 
heaven,  and  asks  those  about  him  if  they  hear  her. 

9.  Me  :  the  construction  is,  fahulosai  palumbes  texire  7iovdfronde 
me  puerum,  &c. —  Vulture  :  Vultur,  or  Vulturnus,  vvas  a  mountain 
of  Apulia,  which  extended  into  Lucania.  The  part  of  the  moun- 
tain  where  Horace  played  was  near  the  boundary  line ;  so  that  he 
fell  ELsleep,  as  he  says,  extra  limen  altricis  Apulicz ;  '  beyond  the 
bounds  of  my  native  Apulia.' 

13.  Mirum  .  .  .  AcherontifB :  '  which  was  matter  of  astonisJiment 
to  all,  who  inhabit  the  town  of  lofty  Acherontia.'  This  was  a 
small  town  on  the  top  of  a  high  hill,  wliich  the  poet  calls  nidus,  'a 
bird's  nest,'  from  its  situation. 

15.  Saltusque  Bantinos :  Bantia  was  a  tovvn  surrounded  by 
forests.  This  and  Forentum  were  both  situated  near  the  borders 
of  Apulia  and  Lucania. 

18.  Premerer:  i.  e.  tegerer,  defensarer. 

21.  Vester,  CanuBnce  :  '  yours ;'  '  under  your  protection,  O 
Muses.' 

22.  Tollor  :  i.  e.  ascendo  ;  his  country-seat  was  up  in  the  Sa- 
bine  territory. — Frigidum :  because  placed  on  the  top  of  a  hill. 

24.  lAquidce,  .  .  .  BaicB  :  liquidce  refers  to  the  character  of  tlie 
waters  at  Baise,  which  caused  that  to  be  a  place  of  frequent  re- 
sort. 

26.  Philippis  .  .  .  rctro :  '  the  defeat  of  our  army  at  Philippi.' 
It  will  be  recollected  that  Horace  was  at  the  battle  of  Phihppi, 
and  left  his  shield  there  not  very  much  to  liis  credit  See  Book 
II.  Ode  V.  10.  note. 

28.  Palinurus :  this  is  a  promontory  on  the  coast  of  Lucania, 
80  ca]led  from  Palinurus,  the  pilot  of  ^neas.  Jt  is  extremely  dan- 
gerous  to  mariners,  on  account  of  its  latent  rocks,  and  had  nearly 
proved  fatal  to  Horace. 

29.  Utcunque  :  i.  e.  "  quandocunque,  duni.^^     Doer. 

33.  Hospitibus  feros  :  it  is  said  that  the  ancient  Britanni  used  to 
sacrifice  strangers. 

34.  Concanum :  "  de  hoc  barbaro  more,  quo  Concdni,  CantabricE 
t7i  Hispanid  Tarraconensi  populus,  sanguinis  equini  potu  delectati 
•sse  dicuntur,  nihU  quidem  aliwnde  constat."     Doer. 


ODES.    BOOK  III.  243 

36.  Scythicum  .  .  .  amnem :  i.  e.  the  Tanais. 

41.  Vos  .  .  .  alm(B  :  i.  e.  You,  O  divine  Muses,  inspire  Caesar 
with  mild  counsels,  and  delight  to  see  him  pursue  the  course  rec- 
ommended. 

42.  Scimus  ut :  sc.  Jupiter. 

49.  Magiium  illa  .  .  .  brachiis  :  the  construction  is,  Illa  horrida 
juventus  Jidens  brachiis  intulerat  magnum  timorem  Jovi:  'that 
dreadful  band  of  youth,  trusting  to  their  powerful  arms,'  &c. 

51.  Fratresque,  i.  e.  Titdnes. 

53.  Sed  quid  Typhosus  .  .  .  ruentes :  i.  e.  what  canTyphcEUS  and 
the  most  powerful  of  giants  do  against  Minerva. 

58.  Hinc  :  on  the  side  of  Jupiter. 

59.  Hinc  :  on  the  side  of  Jupiter. — Et ;  sc.  Apollo, 
65.   Vis  consili  expers :  '  force  void  of  reason.' 

QQ.  Provehunt  in  majus  :  'increase.' 

71.  Orion:  this  was  a  celebrated  hunter,  who,  in  attempt- 
ing  to  oifer  violence  to  Diana,  was  slain  by  an  arrow  from  her 
bow. 

73.  Injecta  .  .  .  suis :  '  the  earth,  thrown  upon  her  own  mon- 
strous  productions,  grieves.'  The  giants  that  attempted  to  scale 
heaven  were  the  sons  of  Earth,  or  Terra.  The  mountains,  which 
they  piled  up,  were  throAvn  upon  themselves. 

78.  Ales  :  the  vulture  that  preyed  upon  the  bowels  of  Tityus. 

79.  Amatorem  .  .  .  Pirithoum :  Pirithoiis  descended  with  The- 
seus  to  the  infernal  regions  to  bring  away  Proserpine  ;  but  Pluto, 
being  apprized  of  it,  put  him  in  chains. 


ODE  V. 

This  ode  seems  to  have  been  written  in  honor  of  Augustus.  It 
sets  forth  his  achievements,  and  represents  him  as  the  guardian 
god  of  the  Roman  people. 

1.  CceIo  ...  regnare:  '  we  have  been  accustomed  to  believe 
that  Jove  reio-ns  in  heaven  from  hearing  him  thunder  there.' 

2.  Prcesem  divus :  'a  god  upon  earth :'  i.  e.  so  Augustus,  byhis 
conquests  and  his  services  to  his  country,  shall  be  hailed  as  a  visi- 
ble  divinity.  Presens  has  this  signification,  and  not  propitius,  fa- 
venSj  as  some  have  supposed. 

4.  Persis  :  it  is  said  that  Phraates,  king  of  the  Parthians,  after 
being  restored  to  his  throne,  was  so  alarmed  merely  at  the  report 
that  Augustus  was  about  to  make  war  upon  him,  that  he  volunta- 
rily  sent  an  embassy  to  him,  and  offered  to  restore  the  military 
standards  that  had  been  lost  several  years  before  at  the  defeat  of 
Crassus.  The  Parthians  are  here  meant  by  Persis.  Augustus 
did  not  in  reality  subdue  either  the  Britons  or  Parthians,  but  the 
people  submitted  to  the  authority  of  his  name.  See  Book  I.  Ode 
XXI.  3.  note. 


244  NOTES. 

5.  Milesne  .  .  .  vixit :  i.  e.  "  Miles  Crassi,  a  Pa:  this  ignomi- 
niosd  clade  affecti,  potuitne  captivus  cum  conjuge  alienigend  vi- 
vereV^  Jaeck. 

7.  Proh  cuna  .  .  .  mores :  '  ah  degenerate  senate,  and  corrupt 
manners  !' 

10.  Anciliorum:  i.  e.  the  twelve  sacred  shields  preserved  by 
the  Salii,  as  the  pledges  of  empire,  one  of  which  was  supposed  to 
have  droppcd  from  heaven. — TogfB-:  the  toga  was  considered  as 
the  distinguishing  mark  of  a  Roman. 

13.  Reguli :  Regukis,  beingtaken  captive  by  the  Carthaginians, 
was  sent  to  Rome  on  parole  of  honor,  to  treat  of  an  exchange  6f 
prisoners.  Instead  of  advising  this  measure,  by  which  he  would 
himself  have  been  restored  to  his  country,  he  dissuaded  the  sen- 
atc  from  it,  as  against  their  interest  to  exchange  the  young  and 
vicforous  Carthaginians  for  the  less  efficient  Romans.  He  return- 
ed,  and  surrendered  himself  to  his  enemies  ;  who,  being  enraged  at 
his  conduct,  put  him  to  death  by  the  most  cruel  tortures. 

15.  Et  exemplo  .  .  .  oivum:  'and  from  an  example  bringingmis- 
chief  to  the  coming  age.' 

17.  Immiserabilis :  pro  immiserata ;  i.  e.  if  the  youth  in  captivity 
should  not  perish  without  pity,  or  unransomed. 

23.  Et.arva  .  .  .  nostro  :  'and  I  saw  tlie  fields,  which  we  had 
laid  waste  by  war,  now  cultivated.'  Regulus  had  conquered  the 
Carthaginians,  and  laid  waste  their  territory  almost  to  the  walls  of 
tlieir  city,  before  the  shameful  defeat  whicli  the  indolence  of  his 
soldicrs  brought  upon  him. 

38.  Pacem  duello  miscuit :  '  he  confounds  peace  with  war,'  by 
asking  for  quarter  when  his  arms  were  in  his  hands,  from  which 
alone  he  should  have  sought  safety. 

39.  Prohrosis  .  .  .  ruinis  :  '  raised  higher  on  the  shameful  ruins 
ofltaly.' 

42.  Ut  capitis  minor:  "minuitur  capite,  qui,  amissa  libertate, 
desinit  esse  in  civium  numero." 

45.  Donec  .  .  .  dato  :  'until,  by  becoming  the  author  of  advice 
never  before  given,  he  settled  the  waverlng  minds  ^f  the  sena- 
tors.' 

53.  Longa  negotia :  '  the  tedious  lawsuits.' 

55.  Tcndens :  i.  e.  going  into  thc  country  to  relax  himself  from 
tlie  labor  by  which  he  had  been  confined  among  liis  clients. 


ODE  VI. 

This  ode  is  a  kind  of  moral  address  to  the  Romans,  in  which 
thc  poet  ascribes  their  calamities  to  thoir  corrupt  manners,  and 
neglect  of  religion.  He  thcrefore  endeavors  to  dissuade  them 
from  thcir  impiety,  and  intimates  that  the  gods  wouki  bring  upon 
tiiem  still  heavier  punishments,  if  they  did  not  repair  their  tem- 
ples  and  respect  their  worship.     He  says  the  Romans  were  for- 


ODES.    BOOK  III.  245 

merly  a  brave  and  virtuous  people,  that  they  cultivated  their  lands, 
and  extended  their  empire  ;  but  that  time  had  been  gradually  un- 
dermining  their  virtues,  and  thus  every  succeedinggenerationhad 
been  worse  than  that  which  preceded  it,  till  they  had  come  to 
their  present  degenerate  condition. 

5.  Dis  .  .  .  imperas :  '  you  hold  your  empire,  because  you  con- 
duct  as  inferior  to  the  gods  r  i.  e.  you  acknowledge  their  supe- 
riority. 

8.  Hespen(E:  Italy. 

9.  MoncBses  et  Pacori  manus:  'Monseses  and  the  army  of  Paco- 
rus.'  Monseses  and  Pacorus,  two  distinguished  generals  of  the 
Parthians,  had  each  defeated  the  Romans. 

11.  Et  adjecisse  .  .  .  renidet :  'and  are  pleased  to  have  enriched 
their  coUars  with  the  spoils  taken  from  our  soldiers.'  The  Parthi- 
ans  wore  small  chains  about  their  necks.  These  they  rendered 
more  vahiable  by  the  gold,  precious  stones,  &c.  taken  from  the 
slaughtered  Romans. 

17.  JVuptias :  i.  e.  have  violated  the  laws  and  sanctity  of  the 
marriage  rite. 

21.  lonicos :  i.  e.  lascivos :  the  wanton  dances  of  the  lonians 
are  proverbial. 

22.  Finsritur  artihus  :  i.  e.  is  educated  or  trained  to  seductive 
arts ;  artibus  is  in  the  dative  case. 

24.  De  tenero  .  .  .  ungui :  '  from  childhood ;'  this  is  a  common 
expression  with  the  Romans. 

25.  JVon  his  juventus,  &c.:  the  meaning  is,  'it  was  not  youth 
born  of  such  corrupt  parents,  that  formerly  fought  the  battles  of 
our  country.' 

30.  Sahellis  .  .  .  ligonibus :  '  with  Sabine  spades.' 
35.  Amicum   tcmpus  .  .  .  curru:  'restoring  in  his  descending 
chariot  the  grateful  time'  of  rest. 


ODE  VII. 

A  festival  was  observed  with  much  religious  pomp  by  the  Ro- 
man  ladies  on  the  first  of  March,  in  memory  of  the  day  on  which 
the  Sabine  women  reconciled  and  made  peace  between  the  Sa- 
bines  and  their  husbands,  who  had  seized  them.  On  this  day,  too, 
they  had  dedicated  a  temple  to  Juno,  in  which  they  annually  of- 
fered  sacrifices  to  that  goddess.  While  the  ladies  were  engaged 
in  their  offerings  to  Juno,  their  husbands  sacrificed  to  Janus.  Af- 
ter  these  reUgious  services  were  over,  the  ladies  received  pres- 
ents  from  their  husbands  and  other  friends,  as  an  acknowledg- 
ment  of  the  favor  conferred  by  their  happy  mediation.  The  Ca- 
lends  of  March  were  called  Matronalia,  or  Matronales  FericB. 

We  may  suppose  that  Maecenas,  in  a  visit  to  the  poet  early  on 
the  Calends  of  March,  had  expressed  some  surprise  at  finding  him 
employed  in  preparations  for  a  domestic  feast,  as  Horace  waa  not 
21* 


246  NOTES. 

a  married  man.  This  ode  was  written  in  consequence,  in  which 
Horace  informs  hira  of  tlie  reason,  and  invites  him  to  be  present 
at  the  entertainment. 

I.  Martiis  .  .  .  lingucB:  the  construction  is,  O  Msecenas,  docte 
sennones  utriusque  lingufB^  miraris  quid  ego  ccelehs  agam  kalendis 
Martiis,  quidjiores  velint,  et  acerra  plcna  ihuris,  carhoque  positus  in 
vivo  cespite. 

5.  Docte  .  .  .  liiigucB :  '  learned  in  both  Greek  and  Latin.'  This 
means  no  more  than  a  complimentary  salutation ;  as  vir  eruditis- 
sime. 

7.  lAhero  :  the  poet  here^scribes  his  preservation  to  Bacchus  ; 
whereas,  in  Book  II.  Ode  XIV.  28,  he  attributes  the  same  kind 
office  to  Faunus.  As  both  these  divinities  were  supposed  to  have 
poets  under  their  protection,  Dacier  thinks  it  may  be  the  same  god 
under  diiferent  names ;  and  that  a  goat  was  oifered  to  him  under 
the  name  of  Bacchus,  and  a  sheep  when  he  was  called  Faunus. 

II.  Institut(E :  i.  e.  cceptce. 

13.  Amici  sospitis  :  sc.  iii  gratiam  ;  i.  e.  oh  amicum  sospitem. 
15.  Perfer  in  lucem  :  '  continue  till  daybreak.' 

17.  Mitte  civiles :  Msecenas,  in  the  absence  of  Augustus,  had 
the  government  of  Rome. 

18.  Daci  Cotisonis :  Cotiso  was  king  of  the  Daci,  or  Getae. 
He  had  made  inroads  into  thc  Roman  temtory ;  but  was  repulsed 
by  Lentulus. 

21.  Se}'vit  .  .  .  Cantaher :  the  war  in  Spain  continued  more  than 
two  hundred  years  before  the  Cantabrians  were  perfectly  sub- 
dued. 

25.  JVegligens  .  .  .  cavere :  '  relaxing  your  anxiety,  since  you 
are  a  private  man,  do  not  be  too  solicitous  about  pubhc  concerns.' 
— Privcdus  :  although  Maecenas  was  pra?fect  of  Rome,  yet,  as  com- 
pared  with  the  emperor,  he  is  properly  called  a  private  man.  Oth- 
ers  understand  it  thus  :  '  Divest  yourself  of  your  pubUc  character, 
and  assume  that  of  a  private  citizen  for  the  present  occasion.' 


ODE  VIII. 

Horace  had  formed  an  attachment  to  Lyde,  who,  being  young 
and  a  stranger  to  love,  paid  httle  regard  to  his  professions.  The 
poet  therefore  addresses  this  ode  to  Mercury,  entreating  him  to 
inspire  a  song,  the  strains  of  which  may  make  an  impression  on 
tlie  obdurate  fair  one.  And  we  gather  from  the  XXII.  Ode  of 
this  Book  that  he  did  not  write  in  vain. 

1.  Te  .  .  .  magistro :  '  under  your  instruction.' 

5.  JVec  loqucur  olim :  before  Mercury  conceived  the  plan  of 
fonning  the  lyre,  no  music  was  made  upon  the  testudo  or  tortoise 
shell. 

9.  Tu  potes  .  .  .  silvas :  this  alludes  to  the  fable  of  Orpheua, 

17.  Tityos :  or  Tityus  ;  the  Greek  termination  is  in  os. 


ODES.    BOOK  III.  247 

18.  Uma :  this  was  the  pitcher  or  vessel  with  -which  tie  water 
was  taken  iip  and  poured  into  the  tub  or  cask  [dolium),  having 
holes  in  its  bottom. 

19.  Dandi:  for  the  story  of  the  Danaldes,  see  Class.  Dict, 

21.  Audiat  Lyde :  i.  e.  let  Lyde  hear  what  punishments  await 
hard-hearted  maidens. 

29.  Una :  Hypermnestra  was  the  only  one  of  all  the  fifty 
daughters  of  Danaus,  who  did  not  kill  her  husband  on  their  mar- 
riage  night,  according  to  the  command  of  their  father. 

30.  Perjurum :  he  is  called  perjured,  because  he  had  violated 
the  faith  and  sanctity  of  a  father-in-law,  which  he  had  pledged  to 
his  son-in-law. 

47.  Et  nostri  .  .  .  querelam :  i.  e.  and  engrave  upon  my  tomb- 
stone  an  epitaph  that  shall  perpetuate  the  sad  remembrance  of  my 
love. 

ODE  IX. 

Near  to  Horace's  villa,  in  the  Sabine  territory,  there  was  a 
beautifbl  fountain,  called  the  fountain  of  Bandusia,  from  the  name 
of  the  place  in  which  it  was  situated.  In  accordance  with  the 
popular  belief  that  some  spirit  or  genius  presided  over  each  foun- 
tain,  our  poet  proposes  to  offer  a  sacrifice  to  this,  and  to  consecrate 
it  to  immortality. 

2.  Dulci  digne  mero :  i.  e.  worthy  of  the  wine  he  intends  to 
pour  out  in  libation. 

6.  Frustra :  he  was  in  vain  destined  to  be  the  leader  of  the 
flock,  since  he  will  be  sacrificed. 

9.  CaniculfB :  the  heat  of  the  scorching  dog-star,  Sirius,  could 
not  penetrate  the  cool  recesses  of  the  fountain. — Atrox :  '  oppres- 
sive.' 

13.  Fontium  :  sc.  unus. 

14.  Me  dicente:  i.  e.  when  I  celebrate  the  grove  that  spreads 
its  branches  over  the  rocks  from  which  your  gushing  waters  fall. 


ODE  X. 

It  is  stated  in  the  introductory  remarks  to  Ode  XXIX.  of  Book 
I.  that  Augustus  was  preparing  for  two  expeditions  at  the  time 
that  ode  was  written  ;  the  one  destined  to  Arabia,  under  Gallus, 
and  the  other  against  the  Britons,  which  he  headed  in  person. 
Having  met,on  his  march,  a  deputation  from  Britain,  which  accepted 
the  terms  offered  by  him,  he  turned  his  march  into  Spain,  where 
he  continued  somewhat  more  than  three  years,  till  he  subdued  the 
Cantabrians,  and  returned  to  Rome  in  the  year  of  the  city  730, 
when  this  ode  was  written  on  the  occasion. 

1.  Herculis  ritu  :  'after  tlie  manner  of  Hercules.'  Itis  said  that 
Hercules  entered  Spain,  and,  having  penetrated  as  far  as  the 


248  NOTES. 

straits  of  Gibraltar,  set  up  his  pillars  there,  and  returned  to  Lati- 
um. 

2.  Mojie  .  .  laurum :  i.  e.  for  the  sake  of  conquering  his  ene- 
mies,  he  encountered  the  danger  of  death. — Morte  :  sc.  qucBsitd : 
*by  braving  death.' 

5.  Unico  .  .  .  divis :  i.  e.  and  let  the  chaste  Livia,  his  wife,  having 
paid  her  vows  to  the  benignant  gods,  exulting  in  her  peerless  hus- 
band,go  outtomeethim.    ^^Unico:  egregio^prcEstantissimo.^''  Doer. 

7.  Et  soror  :  Octavia,  who  had  been  married,  first  to  Marcellus, 
and  afterwards  to  Antony. 

11.  Virum  expert<E :  i.  e.  nupta. — Molk  ominatis  .  .  .  verbis :  're- 
frain  from  ill-omened  words :'  i.  e.  no  longer  repeat  your  gloomy 
forebodings,  that  this  dreadful  war  will  break  the  marriage  tie ; 
but  rather  give  thanks,  that  you  are  again  restored  to  each  other's 
embraces. 

18.  Marsi  memorem  duelli :  i.  e.  wine  made  as  long  ago  as  the 
war  begun  by  the  Marsi ;  the  Social  war,  so  called. 

19.  Spartacum :  Spartacus  was  a  notorious  gladiator,  who,  put- 
ting  himself  at  the  head  of  a  number  of  gladiators,  which  was  in- 
creased  by  immense  multitudes  of  slaves,  ravaged  all  Italy.  Hor- 
ace  could  hardly  have  expressed  the  character  of  this  predatory 
scene  better  than  by  doubting  whether  a  cask  of  wine  had  escap- 
ed  Spartacus. 

21.  Argutce. :  i.  e.  canor<B. 

22.  Myrrhinum :  usually,  myrrheum ;  '  perfumed  with  myrrh.' 

23.  Janitorem :  he  tells  his  servant  boy,  if  he  meets  with  any 
difficulty  in  conveying  his  message  to  Nesera,  to  come  away  with- 
out  making  a  disturbance. 

25.  Lenit  albescens :  he  says,  gray  hairs  render  a  man  more  pa- 
tient  in  bearing  afironts, 

ODE  XI. 

In  this  ode  Horace  attempts  to  show  the  mischief  produced  by 
riches  ;  and  declares  that  he  is  much  happier  without  them,  than 
he  should  be,  were  he  possessed  of  the  wealth  of  the  Indies. 

I.  Danaen  :  for  the  story  of  Danae,  see  Class.  Dict. 

5.  Acrisium  :  Acrisius  was  the  father  of  Danae  and  king  of  the 
Argives. 

7.  Fore  enim :  sc.  sciebant. 

II.  Auguris  Argivi :  the  family  of  the  augur  Amphiaraus  was 
utterly  overthrown  by  the  avarice  of  his  wife  Eriphyle,  who  was 
bribed  to  betray  him.     See  Class.  Dict 

14.  Vir  Macedo  :  Philip  of  Macedon,  the  father  of  Alexander 
the  Great  He  was  notorious  for  bribing  the  governors  of  cities 
and  strong  places  by  presents.  He  often  said  there  was  no  diffi- 
culty  in  making  himself  master  of  any  fort,  if  the  gate  were  large 
enough  to  admit  a  camel  loaded  with  silver. 


ODES.    BOOK  III.  249 

15.  Munera  .  .  .  scevos :  "  referunt  ad  Menodorum,  vel  Menam, 
qui  muneribus  corruptus  a  Pompeio,  cujus  classi  prffifectus  fuerat, 
ad  Auo-ustum,  et  ab  eo  vicissim  ad  illum  defecisse  traditur :  scsvos, 
h.  e.  fortes."     Doer. 

19.  Tollere  verticem :  '  to  raise  my  head.' 

22.  A  dis  plura  feret :  sc.  tanto ;  'so  much  the  more  shallhere- 
ceive  from  the  gods.' 

31.  Fulgcntem  .  .  .  beatior :  '  yields  a  pleasure  unknown  to  tlie 
king  of  fertile  Africa,  and  is  a  lot  happier  than  his.' — Fallit :  sc. 
eum ;  '  escapes  him  ;'  '  is  unknown  to  liim.' 

38.  Tu  dare  deneges :  '  would  you,  MaBcenas,  refuse  to  give.' 
Dacier  imao^ines  that  the  poet's  principal  object  in  writing  tliis  ode 
wa^  to  thank  MsBcenas  for  a  little  dwelling  which  he  had  given 
him ;  and  to  assure  his  patron  that  he  was  happier  with  this  than 
if  he  had  made  Mm  governor  of  a  province  or  a  kingdom. 

41.  Qiiani  si  .  .  .  continuem  :  'than  if  I  should  join  the  kin^dom 
of  Alyattes  to  the  fertile  fields  of  Mygdonia.' — Alyattes,  -is,  or 
Alyatteus,  -ei ;  he  was  the  king  of  Lydia,  and  father  of  CroBsus, 
famed  for  his  riches. 


ODE  XII. 

iElius  Lamias,  to  whom  this  ode  was  addressed,  was  a  person 
of  illustrious  family  and  considerable  estate.  He  had  risen  by  his 
personal  merit  to  the  miik  of  lieutenant-general  in  the  Spanish 
war  under  Augustus.  He  so  demeaned  himself  in  this  office  as  to 
gain  the  esteem  and  respect  of  the  army.  Horace  therefore  cora- 
pliments  him  on  the  hereditary  honors,  which  he  so  well  sustain- 
ed  ;  and  upon  which  his  own  character  and  achievements  had  shed 
additional  lustre.  And  since  he  predicts  a  storm  on  the  morrow, 
he  invites  Lamias  to  pass  the  day  with  him. 

1.  .^li  .  .  .  lath  tijrannus :  the  construction  is,  Mli,  nobilis  ab 
vetusto  Lamo,  quando  ftrunt  et  priores  Lamias  hinc  denominatos 
esse,  et  omns  genus  nepotum  per  memores  fastos  ducit  originem  ab 
illo  auctore,  qui  j)nnceps  dicitur  incoluisse  mcenia  Formiarum,  et 
latt  tyrannus  tenuisse  Lirim  innantem  littorihus  MariccB. 

2.  Hinc :  i.  e.  a  Lamo  ;  from  this  Lamus,->king  of  the  LsBstrygo- 
nes,  the  former  Lamise  derived  their  name. 

4.  Fastos :  these  were  the  registers  or  annals,  in  which  was 
kept  the  record  of  the  family  of  the  LamisB,  as  well  as  that  ofoth- 
er  noblc  fainilies,  and  of  public  affairs. 

7.  Et  innantem  .  .  .  Lirim :  i.  e.  and  held  under  his  sway  the 
river  Liris,  which  flows  into  the  sea  through  the  marshes  of  Min- 
turn6B.  ^^Ager  Minturnensis  designatur  per  fluvium  Lirim,  qui  il- 
lum  transit,  et  per  pahides  Minturnenses  in  mare  diffimditur." 
Doer. — MariccB :  Marica  was  a  nymph,  the  wife  of  Faunus,  and 
mother  of  Latinus,  who  presided  over  Minturnse,  and  the  regions 
about  it ;  hence  littonbus  MariccB,  for  '  the  marshes  of  Mintarnfie  ' 


250  NOTES. 

* 

9.  Cras  .  . .  comix :  the  construction  is,  Cras  tempestas,  demissa 
ab  Euro,  stemet  nemusfoliis  multis,  et  littiis  inutili  algd,  nisi  an- 
nosa  coniix,  augur  aqu(£,fallit  me. 

14.  Genium  .  .  .  curahis  :  '  you  shall  honor  your  guardian  geni- 
us  with  wine  ;'  i.  e.  you  shall  indulge  in  festivity. 


ODE    XIII. 

Tlie  Romans  believed  that  many  of  their  gods  passed  tlieir  sum- 
mers  in  one  country,  and  their  winters  in  another.  Faunus  was 
of  tliis  number.  He  was  supposed  to  come  into  Italy  on  the  13th 
of  February,  and  to  return  to  Arcadia  on  the  5th  of  December. 
Both  these  days  were  observed  by  sacrifices  and  festivity  in.  hon- 
or  of  Faunus,  wlio  was  supposed  to  preside  over  their  flocks  and 
fields.  This  ode  was  probably  written  for  one  of  his  festivals. 
In  the  first  part,  the  poetentreats  Faunus,  if  he  pays  him  due  hon- 
ors,  to  smile  up^^n  liis  fields,  and  preserve  the  tender  offspring  of 
his  flocks  ;  and  in  the  second,  he  sets  forth  the  joy  of  the  village 
on  the  return  of  his  autumnal  feast,  when  man  and  beast  will  re- 
lax  from  their  toil,  and  rejoice  in  the  bounty  of  their  benefactor. 

3.  Aheasque  .  .  .  alumnis :  '  and  may  you  depart  propitious  to 
the  young  of  my  flocks.' 

6.  Veneris  sodali  :  he  calls  the  cratera  the  companion  of  Venus, 
since  the  wine  is  poured  from  it  in  libations  to  her. 

10.  TV)i  JVonce  redeunt :  the  nones  of  December  were  the  sea- 
son  of  the  autumnal  feast  to  Faunus. 

16.  Ter  pede  terram :  a  part  of  the  festivities  on  this  occasion 
consisted  in  dancing. 


ODE  XIV. 

It  seems  that  Murena  had  been  chosen  augur,  and  that  several 
of  his  friends  had  met  together  in  honor  of  the  occasion  ;  and  that 
among  them  were  Horace,  and  another  poetnamed  Telephus,  who 
was  a  great  scholar,  and  who  undertook  to  entcrtain  the  company 
with  some  grave  discussion  on  ancient  liistory.  Horace  interrupts 
him  by  intmiating  that  it  were  better  to  inquire  where  the  best 
wine  was  to  be  had,  with  the  requisites  for  an  entertainment,  tliat 
they  might  drink  their  friend's  healtli  in  honor  of  his  new  appoint- 
ment.  The  hint  succeeded,  and  we  are  to  imagine  our  poet  in 
the  midst  of  the  entertainment,  giving  orders  for  the  manner  of 
drinkincT,  as  tliough  he  were  king  of  the  feast. 

1.  Qiiantiim:  i.  e.  O  Telephus,  you  relate  how  many  ages  pass- 
ed  between  Inachus  and  Codrus,  who  devoted  himself  to  death  for 
his  country. 

6.  Quis  .  .  .  ignihus :  '  who  will  get  the  baths  ready.'  The  Ro- 
mans  always  baUied  before  they  sat  down  to  their  entertainments. 


ODES,    BOOK  III.  25J 

7.  Quo  pr(Bbente  . . .  taces :  '  who  will  fumish  a  house,  and  at 

what  hour  I  shall  find  it  well  warmed, ^you  say  not  a  word 

ahout  all  this.' 

9.  Da  lunfB :  sc.  poculum  in  honorem. 

13.  Qid  Musas  .  .  .  vates :  the  construction  is,  VcUes,  qui  amat 
impares  Musas,  attonitus  petet  ter  ternos  cyathos. 

14.  Attonitus :  i.  e.  "  furore  poetico  correptus."     Doer. 

24.   Vicina :  i.  e.  our  fair  neighbor  here,  too  young  to  be  the 
wife  of  envious  old  Lycus. 


ODE  XV. 

M.  Valerius  Messala  Corvinus  having  eng-ag^ed  to  sup  with  Hor- 
ace,  the  poet  makes  this  address  to  a  jar  of  choice  old  wine,  by 
which  he  intimates  that  he  shall  give  his  friend  wine  as  old  as 
himself.  He  goes  on  in  praise  of  wine,  recounting  its  wonderful 
powers. 

1.  O  nata  .  .  .  pia  testa :  i.  e.  O  pia  (sacra)  testa,  qucB  contines 
vinum  natum  (expressum)  eodem  anno  quo  natus  sum.  He  calls 
the  jar  pia,  because  it  was  made  the  same  year  in  which  he  was 
bom  himself. 

5.  Quocunque  .  .  .  die :  '  you  are  worthy  to  be  brought  forth  on 
this  happy  day,  who  preserve  the  Massic  wine,  whatever  be  the 
end  for  Avhich  it  was  chosen.'     Doer. 

7.  Descende  :  wine  was  kept  in  the  upper  part  of  the  house. 

10.  Sermonibus  :  '  philosophy.' — Horridus  :  '  severe,'  '  stern.' 

13.  Lene  tormentum :  "  Blanditur  ebrietas,  et  extorquet  plerumque 
animi  gravitateyn."     Vet.  Schol. 

18.  Comua  :  '  courage.' 

19.  Post  te  :  i.  e.  after  drinking  freely. — Trementi :  '  fearing.' 

22.  Segnesque  .  .  .  GratifB :  '  and  the  Graces,  who  are  slow  to 
loose  their  knot.'  The  Graces  are  represented  as  holding  each 
other's  hands,  to  show  that  they  are  inseparably  united. 

23.  Viv<B  :  '  burning.' 


ODE  XVI. 

The  kind  offices  of  Diana  being  briefly  named,  the  poet,  as  an 
expression  ot  gratitude  for  some  favor,  consecrates  to  her  a  fa- 
vorite  pine  tree,  that  shaded  his  country  seat,  and  prcmises  to 
sacrifice  to  her  a  boar  yearly,  whose  blood  should  sprinkle  the  tree. 

4.  Diva  triformis :  this  goddess  was  called  Luna  in  heaven ; 
Diana  upon  earth ;  and  Hecate  in  the  infemal  regions. 

5.  Tuapinus  esto  :  'let  the  pine  tree  be  sacred  to  thee.' — VH- 
Ub  :  sc.  me<B. 

6.  Per  exa^tos  . . .  annos :  *  yearly.'  "  Exa^iio  enim  annOf  rtcur- 
runt  feri(B^'' 


252  NOTES. 


ODE  XVII. 

Phidyle  was  a  rustic  woman,  and,  as  most  commentators  sup- 
pose,  the  poet's  house-kceper  in  the  country.  She  seems  to  have 
imbibed  the  opinion  that  sacrifices  to  the  gods  were  morc  or  less 
acceptable  in  proportion  to  their  intrinsic  value.  Horace  in  tliis 
ode  attempts  to  convince  her,  that  the  gods  regarded  the  disposi- 
tion  of  mind  with  which  sacrifices  were  offered,  rather  than  the 
costliness  of  the  gifts  ;  that  purity  of  Hfe  and  good  intentions  were 
of  most  importance ;  and  that  with  these,  any  offerings,  however 
small,  were  acceptable. 

1.  Supmas :  when  the  ancients  prayed  to  the  celestial  gods, 
they  raised  their  hands  'with  the  palms  upwards;'  but  turned 
them  downwards  when  they  addressed  the  infernal  gods. 

2.  JVascente  Lund :  the  oocasions  were  very  numerous  on  which 
it  was  supposed  proper  to  make  sacrifices  to  the  gods ;  Horace 
would  imply  that  once  a  month,  '  at  the  new  moon,'  was  sufficient, 
and  then  it  was  not  necessary  to  be  extravagant. 

3.  Hornd :  i.  e.  prasentis  anni.     Adj.  hornus,  -a,  -um. 
7.  Dulces  alumni :  i.  e.  dgni,  hfedi  ;  sc.  sentient. 

9.  JVam,  qu<B  .  .  .  tinget :  the  construction  is,  JVdm  victima  diis 
devota,  qu(B  pascitur  nivali  Algido  inter  quercus  et  ilices,  aut  crescit 
in  Alhanis  hcrhis,  tinget  cervice  secures  pontijicum.  The  meaning 
is,  that  these  victims  are  designed  for  public  sacrifices,  which  may 
with  propriety  be  more  magnificent  than  those  of  private  individu- 
als,  who  ought  to  make  their  offerings  proportionate  to  their  sta- 
tion  and  abilities. 

15.  Parvos  .  .  .  myrto  :  '  crowning  your  little  household  gods 
with  rosemary  and  tender  myrtle.'  This  is  enough.  You  need 
not  attempt  to  appease  them  by  the  slaughter  of  many  victims. 

17.  Immunis  :  sc.  sceleris  ;  i.  e.  '  pure.' 

18.  JVon  sumptuosd  .  .  .  micd  :  '  it  has  appeased  the  angry  gods 
with  pious  meal  and  crackling  salt,  and  would  not  have  beenmore 
acceptable  with  a  costly  sacrifice.' 


ODE  XVIII. 

In  this  ode  Horace  inveighs  against  luxury  and  extravagance 
as  the  prevailing  vices  of  the  age.  The  ode  may  be  considered 
as  consisting  of  three  parts.  In  the  first,  the  poet  exposes  the 
licentious  enormities  of  the  age  ;  in  the  second,  he  shows  their 
causes  ;  and  in  the  third,  points  out  their  proper  remedies. 

1.  Intactis  .  .  .  caput :  the  construction  is,  lAcet  occupes  omnt 
Tyrrhenum  et  Apulicum  mare  tuis  ctEmeniis,  opulentior  intactis  the- 
sauris  Arabum  et  divitis  LvlifE,  tamen  si  dira  JVecessitas  figit  ada- 
mantinos  clavos  summis  vertir.ihus,  non  expedies  animum  mttu^  nec 
caput  laqueis  mortis. — Intactis :  i.  e.  "nondum  attrectatis ;  inte- 


ODES.    BOOK  111.  253 

gris  adhuc."     Doer.     The  Romans  had  not  yet  succeeded  in  their 
attempts  to  conquer  Arabia  Felix. 

3.  CfBmmtis :  i.  e.  the  materials  for  building,  such  as  stones 
and  mortar.     See  Book  III.  Ode  I.  34.  note. 

6.  Verticihus :  some  suppose  the  tops  of  the  houses  of  persons 
destined  to  death  to  be  m.eant  by  summis  verticibus ;  others  sup- 
pose  it  to  mean  their  heads. 

9.  Campestrcs :  "  quod  in  campis  sine  tectis  vivunty 

15.  Defunctumque  .  .  .  vicaHus :  '  and  another,  on  Kke  condition, 
succeeds  him  who  has  performed  his  year's  labor.' 

17  niic  .  .  .  innocens :  the  construction  is,  Elic  innocens  mulier 
[noverca]  temperat  privignis  carentibus  matre. — Temperat  privig- 
nis  :  '  treats  kindly  the  children  by  a  former  marriage.' 

24.  Et  peccare  :  there  were  four  things  which  seemed  to  have 
influence  in  securin^  the  happiness  of  marriage  among  the  Scyth- 
ians ;  a  virtuous  education,  an  attachment  of  wives  to  their  hus- 
bands,  their  horror  of  conjugal  infidehty,  and  the  severity  of  their 
laws  in  punishing  that  crime  with  death. 

27.  Si  quceret  .  .  .  postgenitis :  '  if  he  wishes  to  have  written 
beneath  his  statues,  Father  of  his  country,  let  him  dare  to  curb 
the  overwhehning  spirit  of  licentiousness,  and  he  will  become  re- 
nowned  to  posterity.' 

30.   Quatenus  :  '  inasmuch  as ;'  '  since.' 

42.  Magnum  .  .  .  opprohrium :  i.  e.  what  do  laws  avail,  if  '  pov- 
erty,  now  esteemed  a  great  disgrace,'  &c. 

45.  Vel  nos  in  Capitolium :  the  poet  says,  if  we  really  wish  to 
put  an  end  to  this  luxury  and  vice,  and  to  return  to  our  primitive 
simplicity,  let  us  either  carry  our  superfluous  wealth  into  the  cap- 
itol,  and  consecrate  it  to  the  gods,  as  an  offering ;  or  else  let  us 
throw  it  into  the  sea,  as  desecrated,  and  the  source  of  our  guilt. 

58.  Seu  malis :  'or  whether  you  prefer.'  There  was  a  law 
against  playing  dice,  and  all  games  of  hazard. 

59.  Quam  perjura  .  .  .  properet :  i.  e.  while  in  the  mean  time 
the  perfidious  father,  to  amass  wealth  for  this  unworthy  heir,  cheats 
without  distinction  his  partner  and  his  host. 


ODE   XIX. 

Horace,  under  pretence  of  being  inspired  by  Bacchus,  indulges 
in  the  praises  of  Augustus  more  extravagantly  than  might  other- 
wise  seem  proper. 

3.  Mente  novd  :  '  with  new  inspiration.' — Quibus  .  .  .  Jovis:  the 
construction  is,  In  quibus  antris  meditans  (ttemum  decus  egregii 
CcEsaris  audiar  inserere  illum  stellis  et  consilio  Jovis  ? 

9.  Exsomnis  .  .  .  Evias  :  '  the  waking  Bacchant,'  or  priestess  of 
Bacchus. 

12.  Devio :  '  wandering.' 


254  NOTES. 

14.  O  JSTaiadim  .  .  .fraxtnos  :  'O  powerful  kin^  of  the  Naiadg 
and  Bacchantes,  who  are  able  with  their  hands  to  tear  up  the  tall 
ash-trees,' 

ODE  XX. 

In  this  little  ode  Horace  declares  that  he  will  not  in  future  heark- 
en  to  the  dictates  of  a  hurtful  passion,  to  which  he  had  been  too 
long  a  slave.  And  it  must  be  said,  to  his  credit,  that  he  did  actu- 
ally  give  up,  at  the  age  of  forty,  when  tliis  odo  was  written,  his 
former  habits  of  sensual  indulgence.  Though  from  what  he  says, 
we  have  some  reason  to  believe  that  resentment  had  some  share 
in  forming  the  resolution  to  do  so. 

3.  JVanc  arma  .  .  .  custodit :  it  Avas  usual  to  offer  at  the  temple 
of  some  god  the  instruments  of  an  art,  which  was  discontin- 
ucd.  In  this  case  the  temple  of  Venus  was  selected  with  great 
propriety. 

5.  LcBvum .  .  .  latus  :  he  hangs  up  the  arms  of  his  midnight  rev- 
elry  on  the  eastern  wall  of  the  tcmple,  on  the  lefl  side  of  the  god- 
dess.  For  the  statues  of  the  gods  were  so  placed  as  to  face  the 
south ;  consequcntly  the  east,  which  was  esteemed  the  happy 
quarter  of  the  heavens,  was  on  their  left  hand. 

6.  Ponite :  the  address  is  made  to  the  attendants,  who  were  to 
deposit  the  arms  as  ordered. 

8.  Oppositis  .  .  .  minaces  :  '  threatening  the  doors  closed  against 
us.' — Funalia  et  vectes  et  arcus  :  '  torches,  bars,  and  bows.'  These 
were  to  repulse  the  guards  which  the  ladies  might  have  for  their 
defence,  and  to  force  open  the  doors. 

11.  Suhlimi  .  .  .  arrogantem :  '  chastise  with  one  smart  blow  tJie 
arrogant  Chloe.' 

ODE  XXI. 

There  is  a  difficulty  in  comprehending  the  meaning  of  this  ode 
fiilly  ;  as  the  person  addressed  under  the  name  of  Galatea  is  not 
known.  Nor  are  the  circumstances  or  object  of  the  contemplated 
voyage  understood. 

1.  Impios  .  .  .  ab  ortu :  the  drifl  of  tliese  twelve  lines  seems  to 
be  this:  May  all  those  omens,  which  are  usually  esteemed  inau- 
spicious  by  persons  about  to  commence  a  journey,  happen  to  the 
wicked ;  but  may  those  be  favorable  which  attend  the  departure 
of  her  for  whose  safety  I  am  anxious. — Impios  .  .  .  ducat :  '  may 
the  cry  of  an  ill-omened  bird  attend  the  guilty.'  It  is  not  certain 
what  kind  of  bird  is  meant  by  parra. 

5.  Rumpat :  '  thwart ;'  '  interrupt' 

6.  Si  per  .  .  .  mannos :  '  if,  shooting  across  the  foad  like  an  ar- 
row,  it  has  frightened  the  horses.' — Mannos :  small,  swifl  horses, 
or  nags. 


ODES.    BOOK  III.  255 

7.  Ego  cui  .  .  .  ah  ortu :  the  construction  is,  Providus  auspex 
prece  suscitabo  illi,  cui  ego  timebo,  oscinem  corvum  ab  ortu  solis,  an- 
tequam  avis  divina  imminentiim  imhHum  repetat  stantes  paludes. — 
Divina :  '  knowing  beforehand.'  Birds  which  gave  omens  by 
their  singing  were  called  oscines :  those  that  gave  them  by  their 
■flight  were  called  prapetes,  or  alites.  When  the  crow  or  raven 
repaired  to  the  margin  of  a  lake  to  bathe  itself  in  the  water,  this 
was  thought  to  forebode  a  storm  ;  and  the  voice  of  this  bird,  when 
heard  fi-om  the  east,  was  considered  a  good  omen. 

15.  LfBvus  .  .  .  picus :  'the  ill-boding  woodpecker.' 

19.  JVovi :  '  laiow  by  experience.' — Et  quid  .  .  .  lapyx  :  '  and 
how  deceitful  the  serene  lapyx  is.' 

24.   Verhere  :  sc.  Jluctuum :  '  with  the  lashing  surge.' 

28.  Palluit  audax :  i.  e.  she,  who  had  dared  to  trust  herself  to 
the  back  of  a  bull,  now  grew  pale  at  the  sight  of  sea-monsters. 
This  is  an  allusion  to  the  fable  of  Jupiter  and  Europa. 

31.  JVocte  suhlustri  :  '  by  star-light.' 

35.  Pietas  :  '  filial  affection.' 

41.  Porta  .  .  .  ehurnd :  true  dreams  were  said  to  pass  through  a 
gate  of  horn ;  false  dreams,  through  one  of  ivory. 

55.  Speciosa  :  '  while  my  comeliness  remains.' 

57.  Vilis  Europe,  .  .  .  quid  mori  cessas :  she  unagines  her  angry 
father  to  upbraid  her  in  these  words,  Avhich  continue  to  pellex,  in 
the  66th  verse. 

61.  Acuta  leto :  '  sufficiently  sharp  to  kill  you.' 

68.  Filius :  Cupid. 

69.  Ahstineto  .  .  .  irarum :  '  abstain  from  your  anger/  By  a 
Greek  construction.     See  Lat.  Gram.  Rule  XVI.  Obs.  1. 

75.  Sectus  orhis :  '  a  division  of  the  globe  ;'  the  globe  being  di- 
vided. 

ODE  XXII. 

In  this  ode  Horace  makes  known  to  Lyde  his  intention  to  pass 
the  day  of  Neptune's  feast  at  her  house  ;  away  from  the  noise 
and  bustle  of  the  celebration.  He  exhorts  her  to  relax  her  sobri- 
ety  a  little,  and  to  bring  forth  her  old  wine. 

3.  Strenua :  Grsece  pro  strenue,  '  promptly.'  As  he  writes,  he 
imagines  himself  already  at  her  house,  and  urges  her  to  put  off 
her  gravity,  and  bring  forth  her  choice  wine. 

8.  Cessantem  :  '  waiting,'  for  a  call. 

12.  CynthicB:  Diana. 

13.  Summo  carmine  :  sc.  cantahimus  Venerem, 


ODE  XXIII 

This  ode  was  addressed  to  Mgecenas,  when  he  was  prtEfect  of 
Rome,  and  the  whole  weight  and  responsibility  of  the  government 


256  NOTES. 

rested  on  him.  Horace  entreats  him  to  lay  aside  public  cares  for 
a  short  time,  and  to  attend  a  frugal  entertaimnent  at  his  Sabine 
villa. 

1.  Tyrrhena:  pro  Ti/rrhenorum. 

2.  JVon  ant^  verso  :  '  as  yet  unbroached.'  The  ancients  placed 
their  jars,  or  casks,  upright ;  and  poured  the  wine  out  by  turning 
them  partially  down,  instead  of  drawing  it  out,  as  we  do. 

4.  Balaiius :  a  choice  unguent  for  the  hair,  expressed  from  a 
kind  of  fruit  commonly  called  myrohalanum. 

8.  Tclegoni  jugu parricidi- :  '  the  hills  of  the  parricide  Telego- 
nus.'  Telegonus,  son  of  Ulysses  by  Circe,  having-  killed  his  fa- 
ther  without  knowing  him,  went  to  Italy  and  built  Tusculum  on 
a  hill. 

.10.  Molem:  from  his  lofly  palace  on  the  TEsquiUne  Hill,  which 
Horace  calls  molem,  Meecenas  could  see  the  three  cities  before 
mentioned. 

13.   Vices  :  '  variety  ;'  '  changes.' 

16.  Explicuere  :  '  have  smoothed.' 

17.  Jam  clarus . .  .ignem:  i.e.  nowthe  bright constellation  Cephe- 
us  shows  his  fiery  stars  hitherto  concealed.  Cepheus,  the  father 
of  Andromeda,  gave  his  name  to  a  constellation  near  the  tail  of 
the  little  bear.  This  constellation  rises  about  the  9th  of  Ju- 
ly.  It  was  therefore  very  hot  when  tliis  invitation  was  given  to 
Msecenas. 

18.  Procyon :  a  constellation  so  called  from  its  rising  just  be- 
fore  the  dog-star,  Canicxila. — Funt :  i.  e.  sfEvit  cBstu. 

26.  Curas,  i.  e.  tu  cura  quis  status  deceat  civitatem.  It  was 
enough  for  Maecenas  to  look  to  the  management  of  the  affairs  of 
Rome,  at  that  time  containing  about  three  millions  of  inhabitants, 
including  the  suburbs,  and  being  forty-cight  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence,  without  being  solicitous  about  nations  at  a  distance. 

28.  Parent :  '  are  doing  ;'  '  have  in  contemplation.' 

43.  Cras  .  .  .  occupato  :  '  to-morrow  let  Jupiter  envelope  the 
heavens  in  a  dark  cloud.' 

46.  JSTeque  diffinget :  '  nor  will  he  alter.' 

53.  Laudo  .  .  .  pennas :  '  I  praise  fortune  when  she  is  stable  , 
but  if  shc  flies  soon ' 

57.  JVon  est  meum :  '  it  is  not  my  way.' 

64.  Geminusque  Pollux :  'and  the  twin  brothers  Castor  and 
Pollux.' 

ODE  XXIV. 

Other  distinguished  poets  and  orators,  before  Horace,  had  spok- 
en  of  the  fame  of  their  own  writings ;  and  although,  at  the  present 
day,  it  would  hardly  comport  with  our  ideas  of  deUcacy  or  proprie- 
ty  to  do  so,  yet  it  was  very  different  with  the  Romans.  An  ac- 
tion,  which  is  not  in  itself  criminal,  depends  for  its  propriety,  or 
impropriety,  on  tlie  common  usage  and  sentiments  of  the  place 


ODES.    BOOK  IV.  257 

and  the  age.  Among  the  Romans  it  was  usual  for  men  of 
genius  to  express  their  opinion  on  their  own  claims  to  distinction ; 
and  candidates  for  office  did  not  hesitate  to  come  forward  and 
solicit  tlie  suffrages  of  their  fellow  citizens. 

1.  Exegi :  "  i.  e.  erexi ;  in  altwn  eduxi"     Mitsch. 

2.  Situ  :  '  structure.' 

3.  Impotens  :  '  violent,'  '  which  cannot  be  controlled.' 

8.  Recens  :  '  flourishing.' 

9.  Virgine :  '  vestal  virg-in,'  whose  duty  it  was  to  attend  the 
chief  priost  in  religious  silence,  when  he  went  in  solemn  proces- 
sion  to  the  capitol  to  ofFer  sacrifice. 

12.  Regnavit  populorum  :  by  a  Greek  idiom  ;  see  Lat.  Gram.  R. 
XVI.  Obs.  1. 

13.  Princeps :  '  the  first,'  who  introduced  the  ^Eolian  measures 
of  Sappho  and  Alcseus. 


BOOK  IV. 


ODE  I. 

AuGUSTDS  had  been  in  Gaul,  where  he  had  put  a  stop  to  the 
progress  of  the  Sicambri,  and  confirmed  the  conquests  of  Tiberius 
and  Drusus  over  the  Rhaeti  and  Vindelici.  His  return  was  expect- 
ed  with  much  impatience  at  Rome,  where  a  magnificent  triumph 
was  preparing  for  him.  On  this  occasion  Antonius  Julius,  then 
prsetor  of  the  city,  requested  Horace  to  write  a  Pindaric  ode  in 
honor  of  Augustus.  Our  poet  confesses  himself  unequal  to  the 
task,  and  tells  Antonius  that  he  can  much  better  perform  it  him- 
self ;  while  at  the  same  time,  as  his  commentators  say,  he  surpass- 
ed  even  Pindar. 

3.  Daturus  nomina :  it  will  be  recollected  that  Icarus,  the  son 
of  Dsedalus,  is  said  to  have  given  a  name  td  the  Icarian  Sea  by 
being  drowned  in  it.  He  flew  too  high,  and  the  sun  melted  the 
wax  with  which  his  wings  were  constructed,  and  he  fell  into  that 
part  of  the  Archipelago  which  bears  his  name. 

7.  Profundo  .  .  .  ore :  i.  e.  with  deep  and  majestic  eloquence. 

10.  Nova  .  .  .  verha :  although  writers  of  dithyrambic  poetry 
were  not  restrained  by  the  ordinary  laws  of  number  and  measure, 
and  gave  way  to  a  daring  irregularity  not  allowed  to  any  other 
form  of  writing ;  yet  they  had  no  right  to  coin  '  new  words.'  But 
they  made  new  combinations ;  and  nova  verha  probably  zneaiis 
compound  words,  not  so  used  before. 
22* 


<J58  NOTES. 

13.  Regesve  .  .  .  sanguinem :  'or  celebrates  those  princely  he- 
roes ;'  i.  e.  Theseus,  "Pirithoiis,  Bellerophon,  and  others.  See 
Class.  Dict. 

17.  Elea  .  .  .  palma  :  i.  e.  the  crown  won  at  the  Olympic  games 
at  Elis. 

19.  Centum  .  .  .  munere :  i.  e.  "  carmine  centum  statuis  prsefe- 
rendo."     Doer. 

22.  Vires  animumque  moresque :  '  bodily  strength,  courage,  and 
moral  virtues.' 

25.  Multa  .  .  .  tradus :  '  whenever  Pindar  rises  to  the  lofty  re- 
gions  of  the  clouds,  a  strong  and  even  breeze  supports  that  Dir- 
csean  sAvan.'  Dirce  is  a  fountain  in  BoBotia,  near  Thebes,  where 
Pindar  was  born. 

33.  Concines  :  i.  e.  tu  poeta,  O  Antoni,  canes. 

35.  Per  sacriim  clivum :  this  alludes  to  the  manner  in  which  a 
victorious  general  in  a  triumpli  led  the  captive  princes  in  the  pro- 
cession  to  the  capitol,  which  was  situated  on  a  hill. 

49.  Taque :  the  tu  must  not  be  referred  to  sol,  nor  to  triumphe, 
as  some  have  supposed,  but  to  Antonius,  as  the  whole  drift  of  the 
8entence  imphes.  For,  as  he  married  the  emperor's  niece,  he 
would,  of  course,  be  near  his  chariot  in  the  procession. 

52.  Dicemus :  sc.  nos,  ego  et  omnis  civitas.  We  will  often 
shout,  lo  triumphe.  This  was  the  usual  exclamation  on  such  oc- 
casions. 

53.  Te :  this  also,  of  course,  refers  to  Antonius,  who,  being  of 
high  rank,  must  offer  a  sacrifice  of  corresponding  magnificence, 
while  a  trifling  one  would  suffice  the  humble  bard. 

57.  Curvatos  .  .  .  ignes :  i.  e.  resembling  the  bright  crescent  of 
the  moon  when  three  days  old. 

59.  (lud  .  .  .fulvus:  sc.  fronte  ;  '  where  he  has  a  white  spot  to 
be  seen  ;  but  tawny  as  to  the  rest  of  his  body.' 


ODE  II. 

Horace  addresses  this  ode  to  the  Muse  Melpom6ne,  as  the  pa- 
txoness  of  lyric  poetry.  He  thanks  the  Muses  for  their  favors  to 
him  even  from  the  hour  of  his  birth ;  and  seems  to  imply  that  he 
received  in  the  first  moments  of  life  whatever  distinguished  hun 
afterwards.  The  ode  is  written  with  so  much  bcauty  and  feeling, 
that  Scaliger  says  he  would  rather  be  the  author  of  it,  than  be  the 
king  of  Arragon. 

2.  Placido  lumine :  '  with  benignant  eye.* 

3.  Labor  Isthmius  :  '  the  Isthmian  games.' 

10.  Sed  .  .  .  nohilem :  the  construction  is,  Sed  aqiM  qua  pra:- 
Jluunt  fertile  Tihur,  et  spiss(2  ccm/B  nem^rumfngent  nohilem  Motio 
carmine. 

14.  Soholes:  '  the  youth  of  Rome,  the  queen  of  cities,  see  fit  to 
place  me  with  the  choirs  of  lyric  poets.' 


ODES.    BOOK  IV.  259 

18.  O  Pieri :  '  O  Muse  Melpomene.'  Pieriis  the  vocative  from 
Pierisy  -idis. 

ODE  III. 

Augustus  had  desired  Horace  to  write  two  odes ;  one  upon  the 
Secular  games ;  and  the  other  upon  the  conquests  of  Drusus  and 
Tiberius  in  Pannonia.  The  poet  commences  this  ode  with  the 
praises  of  Drusus,  as  it  was  his  first  campaign,  and  as  he  was  more 
beloved  by  Augustus  than  Tiberius.  In  the  Xlllth  ode  of  this 
book  he  continues  the  subject  principally  in  praise  of  Tiberius. 

1.  Qiicdem  .  .  .  Vindelici :  the  order  of  construction  is,  Qualem 
olim  juventas  et  patrius  vigor  propulit  nido,  inscium  laborum,  alitem 
ministrum  fulminis,  {cui  Jupiter,  rex  deorum,  permisit  regnum  in 
vagas  aves,  expertus  eum  Jidelem  in  rapiendo  Ganymede  Jiavo,)  ver- 
nique  venti,  nimbis  jam  remotis,  docuere  paventem  insolitos  nisus  ; 
mox,  &fc.  .  .  .  talem  Vindelici  vidire  Drusum  gerenlem  bella  svb 
Rhcetis  Alpibus. — Alitem:  'the  eagle.' — Ministrum  fulminis :  *the 
thunder-bearer.' 

6.  Lahorum  .  .  .  inscium  ;  *  unused  to  flying.' 

14.  Ab  uberejam  lacte  depulsum  :  i.  e.  "a6  id)ere  matris,  adeoque 
jam  lacte,  quo  adhuc  nutritus  fuerat,  depulsum." 

18.  Quibus  (sc.  Vindelicis)  .  .  .  distuli :  it  is  matter  of  doubt  to 
commentators  how  these  four  verses  came  here.  All  admit  them 
to  be  unworthy  of  the  poet,  and  brought  in  without  apparent  rea- 
son.  Some  suppose  it  may  have  been  a  common  question,  when 
talking  of  the  conquests  of  Drusus,  from  whence  the  Vindelici  de- 
rived  the  custom  of  arming  themselves  with  axes,  like  the 
Amazons.  Others  think  they  may  have  been  written  in  ridicule  of 
some  other  poet,  who  had  attempted  to  celebrate  the  same  con- 
quests,  and  used  some  such  language. 

24.  Consiliis  .  .  .  revictm  :  '  vanquished  by  the  wisdom  of  this 
youthful  prince.' 

28.  hi  pue.ros  .  .  .  JVerones :  Tiberius  and  Drusus  were  the  sons 
of  Tiberius  Nero  by  Livia.  When  Augustus  married  their  mother, 
Livia,  he  adopted  Tiberius  and  Drusus ;  and  broughtthem  upwith 
the  same  tenderness  and  care  that  he  would  have  done,  had  they 
been  his  own  children. 

35.  Utcunque  .  .  .  culpce  :  '  whenever  good  precepts  are  wanting, 
vices  obscure  the  natural  endowments.' 

38.  Metaurum fiumen :  Hasdrubal,  the  brother  of  Hannibal,  was 
sent  from  Carthage  with  a  powerful  reinforcement  to  meet  Han- 
nibal  in  Italy  ;  and  had  he  succeeded,  the  fate  of  Rome  would 
have  been  settled.  Claudius  Nero,  then  encamped  in  sight  of 
Hannibal,  secretly  left  his  camp  with  a  detachmentof  soldiers,and 
defeated  and  slew  Hasdrubal  at  the  river  Metaurus.  The  Cartha- 
ginians  did  not  even  know  of  the  departure  of  Nero,  till  he  caused 
the  head  of  Hasdrubal  to  be  thrown  into  their  camp.     This  dispel- 


260  NOTES. 

led  the  darkness  that  overhung  Latium.     Then  Hannibal  exdaim- 
ed,  on  beholding  it,  "  I  know  the  fate  of  Carthage." 

41.  Almd  risit  adored :  '  smiled  with  a  cheering  victory.' — Ado- 
rea^  from  ador,  '  fine  corn,'  was  a  distribution  of  wheat  among  the 
soldiers,  as  a  reward  after  victory. 

42.  Dirus  .  .  .  Afer :  Hannibal. 

45.  Post  hoc  :  i.  e.  after  Nero's  victory. — Usque  :  '  continually.' 

48.  Fana  .  .  .  rectos :  i.  e.  the  temples  had  tlie  images  of  tlie 
gods  replaced.  The  Carthaginians  had  thrown  them  down,  and 
polluted  the  temples. 

51.  Sectamur  :  '  we  pursue.' 

54.  Sacra  :  Penates ;  sacrorum  ritus. 

64.  EchionicBve  ThebcB :  Echion  was  the  son-in-law  of  Cadmus, 
and  assisted  him  in  building  Thebes. 

65.  Merses  :  sc.  gentem  Romanam. 

68.  Conjugibus  loquenda :  i.  e.  "  ccBsorum  maritorum,  conjvgibus 
cum  luctu  m^moranda.^^ 


ODE  IV. 

The  first  ode  in  this  book  was  composed  in  honor  of  Augustus, 
and  in  the  hope  that  he  would  return  immediately.  This  was 
written  in  consequence  of  his  delay  ;  and  is  an  expression  of  the 
affection  of  the  Romans  for  Augustus,  and  of  their  impatience  for 
liis  return.  The  other  was  animated  with  Pindaric  fire,  andseem- 
ed  to  be  an  eamest  of  the  triumph  that  awaiced  Augustus  ;  while 
this  is  full  of  tenderness  and  desire  for  his  return. 

15.  Sic  .  .  .  C(Ksarem :  '  so  Rome,  full  of  strong  and  sincere  de- 
eires,  demands  her  Caesar.'  The  poet  proceeds  to  give  the  rea- 
sons  which  the  Romans  had  for  respecting  and  loving  Augustus  j 
and  enumerates  some  of  the  blessings  of  his  reign. 

23.  Laudantur  .  .  .  puerpercB  :  i.  e.  "  matres  pariunt  liberos,  pa- 
tri  suo  similes."     Doer. 

24.  Culpam  .  .  .  comes :  '  punishment  closely  pursues  the  crimi- 
nal.' 

29.  Condit :  '  spends ;'  '  passes.' 

31 .  Et  alteris  .  .  .  deum  :  At  the  second  course  they  sung  hymns, 
and  offered  libations  to  their  household  gods,  and  to  such  others  as 
they  pleased.  After  the  battle  at  Actium,  the  senate  decreed 
that  libations  should  be  made  to  Augustus,  not  only  at  private,  but 
at  public  feasts.  And  the  year  following  they  ordered  that  he 
should  have  a  place  in  the  hymns  tliat  were  sung  to  the  gods. 


ODE  V. 

This  ode,  like  the  XVIIIth  of  the  first  book,  is  a  hymn  of  praiee 
and  prayer  to  ApoUo  and  Diana;  and  seems  to  have  reference  to 


ODES.    BOOK  IV.  261 

the  Carmen  Satculare,  at  the  end  of  the  odes.    It  was  to  be  snng 
by  a  choir  of  young  men  and  virgins. 

1.  Proles  Niohea :  i.  e.  the  seven  sons  and  sc  ven  daughters  of 
Niobe,  who  were  slain  by  ApoUo  and  Diana,  on  account  of  the  in- 
solence  of  their  mother. 

2.  Raptor :  Tityus,  or  Tityos,  offered  violence  to  Latona. 

3.  Frope  victor :  Achilles  is  so  called  because  he  slew  Hector, 
tlie  chief  defender  of  Troy.    - 

4.  Phthius:  'Phthian,'  born  at  Phthia  in  Thessaly.  Acliilles 
fell  at  Troy  because  he  was  insolent  to  Apollo. 

13.  Ille  :  sc.  Achilles. 

14.  Maleferiatos :  '  imprudently  engaged  in  festivity,' 

18.  jVesciosfaripueros:  vt^nia-xUva,  'infants  thatcouldnotspeak.' 

19.  Ureret :  for  ussisset. — Latentem :  for  latentes. 

22.  Adnmsset  .  .  .  muros  :  'had  favored  the  affairs  of  ^neas, 
that  the  walls  of  another  city  might  rise  under  better  auspices.' 

28.  Levis  Agyieu :  '  O  youthful  Apoilo.' — ■Levis  :  '  smooth,'  with- 
out  a  beard  ;  indicative  of  youth. — Agyieu  :  an  epithet  of  Apollo, 
from  ccYviu,  'a  street ;'  because  statues  were  erected  to  him  in  the 
streets. 

35.  Leshium  .  .  .  pedem :  '  attend  well  to  the  Sapphic  measure.' 
Sappho  belonged  to  Lesbos.  The  Carmen  SfBculare,  to  which  he 
here  probably  refers,  is  written  in  Sapphic  measure. 

37.  Latonce  puerum :  Apollo. 

38.  Ritk.  .  .  .  JVoctilucam :  '  and  duly  celebrating  Diana,  who 
illuminates  the  night  by  her  increasing  splendor.'  The  Secular 
Poem  was  sung  in  the  early  days  of  the  moon,  before  it  •  came  to 
the  full. 

41.  jYupta  jam  dices  :  '  shortly,  when  married,  you  will  say' — 
The  Romans  imagined  that  the  virgins  who  had  the  honor  of  sing- 
ing  the  Secular  Poem  were  soonest  married. 

ODE  VI. 

In  this  beautiful  ode  the  poet  does  not  merely  describe  the 
pleasures  and  charms  of  Spring.  His  object  seems  to  be  to  in- 
culcate  a  moral  lesson.  He  would  show  by  the  rapid  succession 
of  the  seasons,  and  the  decay  of  all  things  in  the  vegetable  Idng- 
dom,  that  man  himsclf  is  rapidly  passing  away ;  and  that  whatever 
he  has  to  do  in  this  Hfe  must  be  done  quickly. 

3.  Mutat  terra  vices  :  'the  earth  changes  its  appearance.' — Ri- 
pas  .  .  .  prcEtereunt :  '  flow  within  their  banks.'  The  streams,  that 
had,  from  the  meltinp-  of  snow  and  from  the  rains,  overflowed  their 
banks,  have  now  subsided. 

7.  Et  almum  .  .  .  diem :  '  and  the  hour  which  hurries  off  the 
grateful  day.' 

13.  Damna  .  .  .  luntB :  '  but  the  quickly  gliding  months  repair 
the  losses  made  by  the  changing  seasons.'  The  ancients  counted 
their  months  by  the  new  moons ;  hence  lun(B,  for  menses. 


262  NOTES. 

17.  HodiemcB  .  .  .  summ(B :  '  to  the  sum  of  life  atlained  this 
day.' 

21.  Splendida  .  .  .  arbitna :  '  and  Minos  shall  have  passed  liis 
awfiil  sentence.' 

26.  Hippolytum :  see  Hippolytus  and  Piriihous  in  tiie  Class. 
Dict 

ODE  VII. 

This  ode  is  supposed  to  have  been  written  either  at  the  time  of 
the  Satunmlia,  when  it  was  customary  aniong  the  Romans  to  send 
presents  to  their  friends  ;  or  in  return  for  something  valuable  which 
the  poet  had  received  from  Censorinus  ;  for  which  he  sent  him 
these  verses.     So  poets  have  usually  paid  their  deats  of  gratitude. 

1.  Donarem  .  .  .  sodalibus :  '  I  should  take  pleasure  in  giving  to 
ray  friends,  O  Censorinus,  bowls  and  grateful  vessels  of  brass.' 

5.  Divite  me  .  .  .  Scopas :  '  if  I  were  rich  in  the  works  of  art, 
which  either  Parrhasius  or  Scopas  produced.  Parrhasius  was  a 
celebrated  painter,  and  Scopas  a  distinguished  statuary. 

7.  Hic  saxo  :  '  Scopas  in  marble.' 

8.  Ponere  :  '  to  represent.' 

12.  Et  pretium  .  .  .  muneri :  '  and  can  explain  to  you  the  value 
of  the  gift;'  that  is,  he  can  set  forth  the  importance  of  poetry  in 
inmiortalizinsf  the  srreat  and  the  ffood,  which  he  groes  on  to  show. 

13.  J^on  incisa  .  .  .  ducibus  :  '  not  marble  monuments  with  mag- 
nificent  inscriptions,  which  give  life  and  everlasting  fame  to  great 
men  after  death.' 

16.  Rejectceque  .  .  .  min(B  :  the  threats  of  Hannibal  that  he  would 
subvert  the  power  of  Rome,  were  hu/led  back  upon  him,  and  the 
power  of  Carthage  was  humbled. 

18.  ^jus  .  .  .  laudes  :  the  construction  is,  Clariiis  indicant  laudes 
ejus,  qui  rediit  lucratus  nomen  ab  Africd  domitd,  quam  &c.  Scipio 
gained  the  name  of  Africanus  from  his  conquests  in  Africa. 

20.  Calabrce  Piei-ides :  the  poet  Ennius,  of  Rudine  in  Calabria, 
celebrated  the  victory  of  Scipio  over  Hannibal  in  Africa. 

22.  (^uid  .  .  .  puer :  '  where  would  Jiave  been  the  fame  of  the 
son  of  Ilia  and  Mars  ?'  Rhea  Silvia,  the  mother  of  Romulus,  was 
called  also  Ilia. 

25.  Stygiisjluctibus :  '  from  obHvion.'    ^acus  was  indebtedto  the 
poets  for  the  honorable  place  assigned  to  him  in  the  Elysian  fields. 
31.  Tyndaridce, :  '  Castor  and  Pollux,  that  bright  constellation.' 

33.  Omatus  .  .  .  tempora :  '  crowned  as  to  liis  temples.' 

34.  I/iber :  Bacchus. 


ODE  VIII. 

This  ode  is  an  encomium  upon  LoUius,  who  is  represented  as 
possessing  the  most  exalted  virtues.     Lollius  Uttle  deserved  this 


ODES.    BOOK  IV.  263 

praise.  But  his  hypocrisy,  for  a  long  time,  completely  concealed 
his  real  character,  not  only  from  Horace,  but  from  others,  and  even 
from  Augustus.     But  he  was  afterwards  rightly  understood. 

I.  JVeforU  .  .  .  chordis :  the  construction  is,  O  LoHi,  ne  credas 
forte,  ut  verba  interitura,  qu<B  ego  natus  ad  Jlujidum  sonantem  longh 
loquor,  socianda  chordis  per  artes  non  antk  vulgatas.     *  Do  not  think, 
O  Loliius,'  &c. 

5.  jYon  si  .  .  .  CamcenfB :  '  although  Homer  holds  the  first  rank 
among  poets,  Pindar  and  Simonides  are  not  therefore  without  their 
merit ;  the  menacing  lines  of  AIcsbus,  and  the  grave  and  majestic 
muse  of  Stesichorus,  are  still  held  in  remembrance.' 

II.  Vivuntque  .  .  .  puell(B  :  '  thcse  impassioned  strains  still  live, 
which  were  tuned  to  the  lyre  of  the  ^olian  maid,'  Sappho. 

13.  JVon  sola  .  .  .  Ljacana :  the  construction  is,  Laccena  Helene 
non  sola  arsit  comptos  crines  adidteri,  et  aurum,  &fc. 

18.  JVon  semel  Uios  :  Troy  was  besieged  by  Hercules,  and  by 
the  Amazons,  before  it  was  by  the  Greeks. 

30.  Celata :  i.  e.  not  celebratcd  by  poets  and  historians. 

39.  JVon  unius  anni :  the  meaning  is,  that  the  services  of  Lolli- 
us  were  not  confined  to  the  year  of  his  consulship,  but  that  his  in- 
fluence  was  long  felt  with  the  wise  and  good  who  were  magistrates 
after  him. 

42.  Dona  nocentium :  'the  bribes  ofthose  who  wished  to  cor- 
rupt  him.' 

43.  Et  per  obstantes  .  .  .  amia :  i.  e.  and  through  crowds  of  flat- 
terers  has  triumphantly  displayed  his  firmness  and  virtue. — Arma : 
i.  e.  virtutem  et  integritatem. 


ODE  IX. 

Ligurinus  was  a  handsome  young  man,  who  was  so  weak  as  to 
be  vain  of  his  beauty.  He  lost  all  the  advantages  which  nature 
had  bestowed  upon  him  by  his  ridiculous  vanity ;  which  Horace 
attempts  to  correct  by  reminding  him  that  all  his  personal  attrac- 
tions  will  soon  fall  a  prey  to  time  and  age. 

2.  Insperata  .  .  .  superhi(B :  '  when  wings  shall  come  unexpect- 
edly  to  your  pride  ;'  i.  e.  whenthatbeauty,  which  raised  your  pride, 
shall  unexpectedly  take  wings,  or  disappear; 

6.  Alterum :  '-another ;'  i.  e.  changed  from  what  you  now  are. 


ODE  X. 

Horace  invites  Phyllis  to  come  and  celebrate  M^ith  him  the  birth- 
day  of  his  patron  Msecenas.  It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  these 
celebrations  were  always  attended  with  some  reUgious  solenmities. 
The  poet  here  teUs  her,  that  the  altars  are  crowned  with  vervain, 
and  waited  to  be  sprinkled  with  the  blood  of  a  larab. 


264  NOTES. 

5.  Fvlges :  hrfulgeas ;  or,  as  Doering  prefers,  the  future  of 
the  old  vevhfulgo,  meaning'  simply,  '  with  which  your  hair  shall 
bo  crowned.' 

8.  Spargier :  for  spargi,  by  paragoge. 

9.  Omida  ftslinat  manus :  '  all  hands  are  busy.' 

12.  Vertice :  '  from  the  house-top.'  The  Romans  made  their 
fires  in  the  middle  of  their  rooms,  with  an  opening  above  to  let 
out  the  smoke. 

16.  Mensem  .  .  .  fndit  Apnlem :  '  di^ddes  April,  the  month  of 
sea-born  Venus.'  The  word  Idus  comes  from  the  Tuscan  Iduare, 
to  divide.     The  festival  of  Venus  was  celebrated  in  April. 

20.  Ordinat :  '  counts.' 


ODE  XI. 

This  ode  is  written  in  a  playful,  familiar  manner,  to  invite  Vir- 
g-il  to  join  a  party  of  pleasure,  at  which  it  would  seem,  that  each 
individual  was  expected  to  produce  something  towards  tlie  enter- 
tainment,  There  is  no  doubt  but  this  is  addressed  to  Virgil  the 
poet,  though  some  have  imagined  it  to  be  another  person. 

2.  Anima. :  '  winds.' — Lintea  :  '  the  sails.' 

6.  Infelix  avis  :  '  the  swallow  ;'  into  which  the  wretched  Procne 
was  changed.  For  Itys  and  Procne,  see  Class.  Dict. — Et  Cecro- 
pi<B  .  .  .  libidines :  '  and  the  eternal  reproach  of  the  house  of  Ce- 
crops  ;  because  she  (Procne)  too  cruelly  revenged  the  brutal  vio- 
lence  of  king  Tereus.' 

11.  Deum :  Pan. 

14.  Calibus :  the  wine  made  at  Cales  was  in  high  estimation. 

16.  JVardo  .  .  .  mcrebere :  '  you  shall  share  our  wine  by  bringing 
perfume.'  It  Avas  a  common  thing  among  the  Romans  for  three 
or  four  friends  to  meet  together,  and  each  one  to  furnish  some- 
thing  to  their  entertainment. 

22.  Aow  ego  te  .  .  .  domo :  '  I  have  no  thought  of  entertaining' 
you  with  wine  free  of  expense,  as  if  I  were  tlie  rich  master  in  a 
well-stored  house.' 

26.  JVigroi-um  .  .  .  ignium :  '  of  the  black  funeral  pile.' 


ODE  Xll. 

Horace  in  his  youth  had  been  much  in  love  with  Lyce,  a  beau- 
tifiil,  but  proud  girl,  who  did  not  reciprocate  his  passion.  He  now 
takes  occasion  to  insult  her  by  triumphing  over  her  faded  charms, 
and  exultinsr  at  the  ravages  which  time  has  made  upon  her  beau- 
ty.  It  would  have  been  well  for  the  reputation  of  the  poet,  if  this 
ode  had  not  been  written. 

9.  IN^ec  Co(B . .  .purpurfB:  'neitherthepurplefromCos.'  This  was 
an  island  in  the  ^gean  sea,  from  which  choice  silks  were  brought 


ODES.    BOOK  IV.  265 

10.  Clari  lapides  :  '  sparkling  jewels.' 

11.  jYotis  . .  .fastis  :  'recorded  in  the  public  registers  ;'  in  which 
were  marked  the  events  of  each  year,  and  among  them  the  births. 
So  that  the  age  of  any  one  might  be  known  by  referring  to  these 
registers. 

16.  Surpuerat :  for  sunnpiierat. 

17.  Fdix  post  Cynaram :  '  who  yielded  in  channs  to  none  but 
Cynara.'  Tliis  was  another  beautiful  young  woman,  with  whom 
Horace,  in  his  addresses,  was  more  successful. — Et  artium  .  . . 
facies :  '  and  a  form  possessingevery  pleasingcharm.'  Faciesmaiy 
here  wiih  more  propriety  be  applied  to  the  whole  exterior  of  Lyce 
than  to  her  'face'  aJone. 


ODE  XIII. 

In  the  introduction  to  the  third  ode  of  this  book  it  is  mentioned, 
that  Augustus  had  desired  Horace  to  write  in  honor  of  the  con- 
quests  achieved  by  Drusus  and  Tiberius.  In  that  ode  the  praises 
of  Drusus  are  chiefiy  celebrated  ;  in  this,  those  of  Tiberius.  But 
the  beginning  is  employed  in  ascribing  the  success  'of  the  two  bro- 
tliers  to  tlie  wisdom  and  prudence  of  Augustus  ;  instead  of  coming 
at  once  to  the  eulogium  of  the  immediate  agents. 

7.  Quem  .  .  .  posses  :  '  whom  the  VindelTci,  hitherto  free  from 
the  Roman  laws,  have  lately  felt,  and  learned  what  you  can  do  in 
war.' 

13.  Pliis  vice  simplici  :  'more  than  once.' 

14.  Major  JVeronum  :  '  the  elder  of  the  Neros :'  i.  e.  Tiberius. 

16.  Auspiciis  .  .' .  secundis  :  sc.  Augusti. 

17.  Spectandus  :  ^  distinguished ;'  or  deserving  admiration. 

21.  Pleiadum  choro  :  'the  choir  of  the  Pleiades  ;'  they  are  sev- 
en  in  number  ;  and  hence  frequently  called  the  Seven  Stars. 

25.  Tauriformis :  '  branching,'  like  the  horns  of  a  bull ;  a  form 
under  which  the  gods  of  rivers  were  frequently  represented. 

32.  Sine  clade :  '  without  loss  to  his  own  army.' 

33.  Te  .  .  .  prcebente  :  sc.  O  Auguste. 

36.  Vacuam  :  Antony  and  Cleopatra  left  Alexandria  at  the  ap- 
proach  of  Augustus. 

39.  Peractis  .  .  .  airogavit :  '  has  ascribed  to  your  victorious 
campaigns.' 

41.  Te  :  sc.  miratur. 

45.  Te :  sc.  audit :  "  h.  e.  tibi  dicto  audiens  est^  tibi  paretJ" 
Doer. 

ODE  XIV. 

A  deep  feeling  of  gratitude,  as  well  as  a  strong  personal  attach- 
ment  to  Augustus,  breaks  out  and  shows  itself  on  almost  eveiy 
occasion,  where  our  poet  can  with  propriety  indulge  in  his  favor- 
23 


266  NOTES. 

ite  theme.  He  devotes  this  whole  ode  to  the  praises  of  his  glori- 
ous  reign  and  princely  virtues.  The  immediate  occasion  of  the 
ode  was  probably  the  closing  of  the  gates  of  the  tempie  of  Janus. 

2.  Increpuit  bjrd  :  this  expression  has  been  variously  explained ; 
but  Doering's  interpretation  seems  to  be  the  most  natural  and  tlie 
most  classical.  Ile  joins  lyra  with  loqid  ;  tlius,  Me  volentem  lyrd 
loqui  {ca.nei'c)  pralia  et  victas  urbes  Phcebus  increpuit  {gra.viter  a.d- 
monuit),  7ie  darem  parva  vda  per  Ti/rrhenum  (Bqmr. 

6.  Et  signa :  the  military  standards,  restored  by  Phraates  to 
Augustus,  were  carricd  to  the  capitol,  i.  e.  the  temple  of  Jupiter 
Capitohnus.     See  Book  I.  Qde  XXI.  3,  note. 

9.  Janum  Quirini  :  the  temple  of  Janus  was  built  by  Romulus  ; 
hence  Horace  calls  it  Janum  Quiriyii,  or  Romulus'  Janus.  The 
gates  of  this  temple  were  abv^ays  open,  except  in  time  of  peace. 
They  had  been  only  twice  shut  before  the  reign  of  Augustus,  and 
three  times  during  that  period.  This  was  the  third  time. — Ordi- 
nem  :  thus  ;  ct  injecit  frcena  licenticB  evaganti  extra  rectum  ordinem. 

21.  J^on  :  sc.  populi. 

22.  Edicta  .  .  .  Julia :  i.  e.  the  laws  which  Augustus  imposed 
on  vanquished  nations.     He  belonged  to  the  JuUan  family. 

25.  Profestis  lucibus :  i.  e.  common  days,  before  the  festivals. 
29.   Virtute  functos  .  .  .  duces  :  '  generals  distinguished  for  their 
valor.' 
^.  Progtniem  Veneris :  Augustus. 


EPODES. 


As  there  have  been  various  conjectures  respecting  the  meaning 
and  derivation  of  the  title  of  this  Book,  it  may  be  well  for  the 
reader  to  peruse  the  following  remarks  of  Doering  upon  the  sub- 
ject  "De  inscriptione  hujus  Hbri  Epodun,  sive  ab  Horatio,  sive  a 
grammatico  aliquo,  profecta,  unde  illa  petita  fuerit,  et  quo  sensu 
accipienda  sit,  non  amplius  ambigi  potest.  Scilicet  lamborum 
inventor,  Archilochus,  ejusmodi  quoque  lamborum  genus  invenis- 
se  dicitiu-,  quos  iiitodovg  appellaret,  quia  in  illis,  ut  Diomedes  ait, 
versuum  partes  (h.  e.  versus  breviores)  legitimis  et  integris  versibus 
inudoxrai,  h.  e.  accinuntur,  vel,  ut  HephjEstion  docet,  otuv  uiyuXa} 
or'ix<^  ntQiTTuv  ri  ircnffQrjrai.  Jam  vero  cum  ipse  Horatius  Archilo- 
chi  se  imitatorem  profiteatur,  hic  hber  Epod6n  ejus  juveniha  in 
primis  et  maledicentiora  carmina  contineat."  Epode  is  therefore 
a  narae  adopted  from  Archilochus,  aud  means  a  poem  in  which  a 
siwrt  verse  is  jnade  to  foUoiv,  oi  to  be  sung  afler,  each  long  verse. 


EPODES.  267 


EPODE  I. 

This  epode  was  written  on  the  eve  of  the  great  engagement  be- 
tween  Augustus  on  one  side,  and  Antony  with  Cleopatra's  forces 
and  fleet  on  the  other.  Msecenas  had  refused  to  have  Horace  ac- 
company  him  on  this  expedition,  as  he  had  been  accustomed  to  do 
on  similar  occasions.  The  poet  feels  evidently  hurt  by  the  refu- 
sal.     He  expresses  his  anxiety  and  deep  concern. 

1.  Ibis  .  .  .  propugnacula  :  '  you  will  then  venture,  O  my  friend 
Msecenas,  with  light  Liburnian  galleys,  amidst  the  lofly  bulwarks 
of  Antony's  ships.'  The  fleet  of  Augustus  was  composed,  in  a 
great  measure,  of  these  light  galleys.  See  Book  I.  Ode  XXXI. 
30.  note. 

5.  QutJ  nos  .  .  .  gravis  :  '  and  what  shall  I  do,  to  whom  life  is 
dehghtful,  while  you  survive,  but  to  whom  it  would  be  a  burden, 
were  you  taken  away.' 

7.  Jussi  :  sc.  a  te. 

9.  Hunc  laborem  :  i.  e.  the  danger  of  this  campaign. 

21.  Ut  adsit :  '  although  she  were  with  them.'  We  find  ut 
used  in  this  way  for  licet  by  other  writers  also. 

25.  Ut  juvencis  .  .  .  meis :  by  hypallage,  for  ut  plures  juvenci 
illigati  meis  aratris  nitantur. 

27.  Calabris  .  .  .  Lucana  mutet :  by  hypallage,  for  Calabra 
Lucanis  ;  Lucania  v^^as  cooler  than  Calabria,  and  suited  to  sum- 
mer  pasturage. 

29.  jYec  ut  .  .  .  mcRnia :  i.  e.  nor  that  my  Sabine  villa,  built  of 
white  marble,  may  extend  to  the  walls  of  Tusculum,  far  above  it. 
Tuscuknn  was  built  by  Telegonus,  the  son  of  Circe  ;  hence  Cir- 
ccea  mcsnia.  It  was  more  than  twenty  miles  from  Horace's  coun- 
try  seat. 

33.  Avarus  .  .  .  premam :  '  I  may  bury  in  the  earth,  like  avari- 
cious  old  Chremes.'     This  is  a  character  in  a  play  of  Terence. 

34.  Discinctus  .  .  .  nepos :  '  or  prodigal  may  squander  away  like 
a  spcndthrift'  The  Romans  tied  up  their  gowns  with  a  girdle 
when  they  were  at  work,  and  wished  to  be  free  from  incumbrance  ; 
hence  the  phrase  accingere  ad  opus.  But  when  unemployed  they 
suffercd  them  to  flow  loosely ;  hence  discinctus  and  dissolutus  sig- 
nify  an  effeminate  and  negligent  person.-^-A^^epoj? :  this  word, 
which  originally  signified  agrandson,  fromthe  toogreatindulgence 
generally  shown  by  grandfathers,  and  the  ruin  that  ensued,  became 
the  common  term  for  '  spendthrift.' 


EPODE  IL 

This  epode  is  a  satire  upon  avarice.  The  poet  introduces  Alfi- 
us,  a  covetous  old  usurer.  (who  was  satisfied  of  the  necessity  of 
renouncing  his  mode  of  life,  and  who  had  resolved  on  retiring  from 


2G8  NOTES. 

the  city,)  as  recounting  the  blessings  and  the  charms  of  a  country 
life.  After  he  has  called  in  all  his  money,  and,  by  way  of  solilo- 
quy,  gone  through  with  the  inimitable  description  of  rural  felicity 
contained  in  this  poem,  his  ruling  passion  comes  over  him  too 
strongly  to  be  resisted,  and  he  again  lets  his  money  out  on  interest. 

4.  Fcenore :  'money  transactions.'  Fceniis  usually  signifies  the 
interest  of  money,  which,  by  the  laws  of  the  Twelve  Tables,  must 
not  exceed  one  per  centuni  a  month. 

7.  Foriun  :  '  courts  of  law,' 

12.  Insent :  '  he  incrrafts.' 

13.  Mugientium  :  sc.  boum. 

20.  Certanttm  .  .  .  purpur(2  :  '  the  grape  vying  with  purple.' 

22.  Tutorjinium  :  '  the  tutelary  god  of  boundaries.' 

24.  hi  tenaci  gramine  :  '  on  a  bed  of  grass.'  By  tenaci  we  may 
understand  '  strong-rooted ;'  '  not  easily  pulled  up  by  the  roots.' 
It  is  bere  used  rather  as  an  expletive  word. 

28.   (^uod :  '  which  combination  of  sounds.' 

31.  Multd  cane  :  i.  e.  with  a  numerous  pack  of  hounds ;  as, 
midto  7nilite  ;  '  with  a  large  army.' 

33.  Amite :  i.  e.  a  pole  around  which  the  nets  were  fastened. 

35.  Advenam:  i.  e.  a  visiter,  migrating  in  the  winterto  the  warm 
climate  of  Italy. 

41.  Perusta  solibus :  'sun-burnt.' 

49.  Conchylia :  '  shell-fish.' 

50.  Scari:  the  scarus  was  a  delicate  fish,  but  it  is  not  certainly 
known  what  it  was. 

53.  Afra  avis :  a  turkey. 

54.  Attagen  :  supposed  to  be  '  a  partridge.' 
57.  Herba  lapathi :  a  species  of  sorrel. 

59.  Terminalibus :  the  festival  of  the  god  Terminus,  or  the 
boundary  stone,  which  was  considered  as  sacred. 

65.  Positosque  vernas  :  i.  e.  vernas  positos  circum  renidentes 
Lares.     These  slaves  indicate  the  wealtli  of  the  owner. 

67.  Fceiierator  Alfius :  here  the  old  usurer's  soljloquy  con- 
cludes. 

70.  Kalendis :  he  cannot  resist  the  temptation,  and  seeks  an 
opportunity  of  loaning  his  money  on  tlie  first  of  the  month. 


EPODE  III. 

Horace,  when  supping  with  Msecenas,  had  eaten  garlic,  which 
made  him  sick.  He  complains  bitterly  against  garlic  in  this  ode  ; 
and  says,  to  be  made  to  eat  it  is  sufiicient  punishment  fitr  the 
blackest  crime,  since  no  poison  is  more  terrible. 

3.  Edat  .  .  .  nocentius  :  '  let  liim  eat  garlic,  more  noxious  than 
liemlock.' 

4.  Messorum :  Garlic  Avas  said  to  be  given  to  reapers  as  a  to- 
nic,  and  also  as  a  counter  poison  when  they  had  eaten  some  other 


EPODES.  269 

noxious  substance.  It  was  commonly  given,  as  Virgil  represents 
it,  mixed  with  wild  thyme. 

5.  Q^uid  .  .  .  prcRcordiis  :  "  i.  e.  quod  genus  veneni  est  koc,  quo 
discrucior  ?" 

8.  Canidia :  this  was  a  famous  sorceress,  to  whom  the  fiflh 
epode  is  addressed. 

11.  Ignota  . .  .juga  :  i.  e.  when  he  was  about  to  yoke  the  brazen- 
footed  bulls,  which  breathed  fire,  and  guarded  the  golden  fleece. 

13.  Hoc  .  .  .  alite  :  '  having  avenged  herself  on  her  rival  by 
presents  infected  with  this,  she  fled  on  a  winged  dragon.'  Jason 
had  fallen  in  love  with  Glauca,  or  Creiisa,  as  she  is  sometimes 
called.  By  way  of  revenge,  Medea  sent  Glauca  a  golden  crown 
and  a  magnificent  wedding  garment,  which  she  had  poisoned. 
These  presents  had  the  desired  effect ;  and  Glauca  was  destroyed 
by  them.  Medea  is  said  to  have  fled  from  the  vengeance  of  Ja- 
son  through  the  air  in  a  chariot  drawn  by  fiery  dragons. 

17.  Munus :  this  refers  to  the  poisoned  garment  sent  by  Deja- 
nira  to  Hercules,  which  had  been  dipped  in  the  blood  of  the  Cen- 
taur,  Nessus. — Efficacis :  '  indefatigable,'  '  persevering.' 


EPODE  IV. 

In  this  epode  the  poet  inveighs  vehemently  against  some  per- 
son,  who,  from  the  condition  of  a  slave,  had  become  a  mi^ary 
tribune,  and  was  making  an  offensive  display  of  his  wealth  and 
dignity,  to  the  annoyance  of  the  more  reputable  part  of  the  com- 
munity.  It  is  commonly  supposed  to  be  addressed  to  Menas,  a 
freedman  of  Cneus  Pompey,  and  in  most  manuscripts  it  is  inscrib- 
ed  to  him. 

1.  Lupis  .  .  .  compede  :  the  construction  is,  Quanta  discordia 
sortitb  obtigit  lupis  et  agnis,  tanta  est  mihi  tecum,  O  Mena,  peruste 
quod  ad  latus  funibus  Ibericis,  et  quod  ad  crura  dura  compede. — 
Soiiitb :  '  naturally.' 

3.  Peruste :  '  marred  or  hardened.'  Menas  had  been  a  pirate 
before  he  served  Pompey,  and  had  been  scourged,  ard  in  chains. 

7.  Metiente  te :  '  as  you  proudly  strut  along.' 

9.  Huc  et  huc  euni'um:  *of  those  passing  to  and  fro. 

12.  Prceconis  adfcLstigium :  '  till  the  beadle  was  weary.' 

16.  Othone  contempto :  '  in  spite  of  Otho's  law,'  which  assigned 
seats  in  the  theatre  to  the  equestrian  order  separate  from  the 
people  ;  and  also  made  a  distinction  between  those  who  were 
knights  by  birth,  and  those  who  were  promoted  to  that  rank.  This 
fellow,  who  had  been  a  slave,  takes  his  place  in  the  first  seats,  which 
were  appropriated  exclusively  to  those  born  knights. 

17.  Qiiid  attinet  .  .  .  pondere  :  i.  e.  to  what  purpose  is  it  that  so 
many  brazen-beaked  sliips  were  sent.^ 

20.  Hoc  . . .  mUitum :  '  if  such  a  wretch  be  made  military  tri- 
bune.' 

23* 


270  NOTES. 


EPODE  V. 


Horace  here  describes  the  diabolical  rites  and  ceremonies  of  aii 
assemblage  of  sorceresses,  of  which  Canidia  is  the  principal  char- 
acter.  They  have  taken  a  boy  of  noble  birth,  whom  they  are 
about  to  put  to  deatli  by  torture,  in  order  to  prepare  from  his  mar- 
row  and  dried  liver  a  philtre,  or  love  potion,  capable  of  recallmg 
Varus,  an  inconstant  lover  of  Canidia. 

1.  At :  the  scene  opens  in  a  pathetic  manner  by  the  exclamation 
of  the  terrified  boy,  vi^ho  perceives  with  horror  the  glaring  eyes 
of  the  hags  all  turned  upon  him  with  a  fiend-like  expression,  which 
cannot  be  misunderstood. 

5.  Te  :  i.  e.  Canidia. — Si  vocata  .  .  .  adfiiit :  i.  e.  if  you  were 
ever  a  mother. 

6.  PurpurfE :  youth  of  family  wore  the  toga  pratexta,  a  gown 
bordered  with  purple,  till  they.were  seventeen  years  old.  The 
boy  conjures  Canidia  by  this  token  of  his  rank,  which  ought  to 
protect  him. 

12.  Insignihus  raptis :  his  robe  and  bulla,  which  was  a  gold  or 
silver  heart  worn  round  the  neck,  were  torn  off"  by  the  hags  while 
the  boy  was  making-  his  entreaty ;  so  that,  at  the  conclusion  of  it, 
he  stands  naked. 

17.  Juhet  .  .  .  erutas :  here  Canidia  calls  for  the  drugs  and  ma- 
teriSs,  which  witches  Vv^ere  supposed  to  use  in  composing  their 
philtres.  Among  them  is  the  wild  fio--tree,  because  it  bears  nei- 
ther  fruit  nor  flower,  and  is  esteemed  ill-omened  ;  and  to  make  it 
more  dreadful,  '  it  must  be  torn  up  by  the  roots  from  a  burying- 
place.' 

19.  Et  uncta  .  .  .  strigis :  the  construction  is,  Et  ova  noctuinm 
gtrigis  uncta  sanguine  turpis  ranre,  })lumamque  nocturnse  strigis. 

24.  Flammis  aduri  Colchicis :  i.  e.  to  be  burned  or  concorted 
with  magical  fires,  such  as  Medea  used  at  Colchis. 

25.  Sagana :  Sag-"»na,  Veia  and  Folia  were  sorceresses  at- 
tendant  on  Canidia. — Expedita  :  '  with  her  gown  tucked  up,'  that 
she  might  be  unincumbered. 

26.  Avemales  :  '  from  lake  Avernus.' 

32.  Qub  .  .  .  spectaculo :  '  where  the  boy,  Laving  his  body  buri- 
ed,  might  die  with  hunger  in  the  sight  of  food  changed  two  or 
three  times  a  day.' 

35.  Quantum  extant  aqud :  i.  e.  as  much  as  the  heads  of  per- 
sons,  when  swimming,  are  out  of  the  water. 

38.  Amoris  .  .  .  poculum  :  '  a  love  potion.' 

39.  Interminato  :  '  forbidden,'  or  which  could  not  be  reached. 

40.  Intahuissent :  '  were  wasted  away. 

41.  MasculfB  :  '  immoderate.' 

43.  JS/eapolis :  Naples,  from  riches  and  advantages  of  climate, 
was  regarded  as  otiosa ;  i.  e.  a  place  of  pleasure  and  amusement. 
45.  Excantata  :  '  charmed.' 


EPODES.  271 

54.  Numen :  *  avenging"  power.' 

58.  SuhurancE,  canes  :  'may  the  dogs  of  Subura.'  This  wasone 
of  the  most  public  streets  of  Rome. 

59.  Quale  .  .  .  manus  :  '  the  choicest  my  hands  ever  made.' 
Canidia  represents  her  gallant,  Varus,  as  perfumed  with  the  es- 
sences  she  herself  had  made. 

61.  Cur  .  .  .  valtnt :  '  why  are  my  charms  less  potent  than  those 
of  Medea  ?'  There  seem  to  have  been  some  signs  of  the  failure 
of  her  charms,  and  she  asks,  '  What  is  the  matter  ?'  Quid  acci- 
dit^ 

62.  Me.de(B  :  sc.  venenis. 

63.  Ulta  pellicem :  sc.  Glaucen  :  see  Epode  III.  13.  note. 

68.  Fefellit  me  :  '  has  escaped  my  notice.' 

69.  Indormit  .  .  .  pellicum  :  '  he  sleeps  on  the  beds  of  all  my  ri- 
vals,  perfumed  with  drugs  that  inspire  oblivion.' 

71.  Solidus  :  sc.  Varus.  Varus,  the  object  of  her  enchantments, 
is  quite  free  from  their  effects,  by  the  influence  of  some  more  pow- 
erful  enchantress. 

73.  Jston  usitatis  .  .  .  caput :  having  been  hitherto  unsuccessful, 
she  now  exclaims,  in  full  confidence  of  the  efficacy  of  the  terrible 
and  unusual  philtre  she  is  about  to  prepare  from  the  marrow  and 
dried  liver  of  the  boy,  You  shall  return  to  me,  with  sorrow,  O 
wretched  Varus,  by  the  charm  I  now  prepare. 

76.  Marsis  .  .  .  vocihus :  '  by  the  incantations  of  the  Marsians.' 
They  were  so  called  fromMarsus,  the  founder  of  their  nation  ;  and 
were  considered  the  most  powerful  sorcerers  in  Italy. 

83.  Sid)  hxBC  :  '  after  these  words.' — After  Canidia  had  thus  spok- 
en,  the  boy  no  longer  sought  to  soften  these  impious  wretches  by 
entreaties,  which  he  perceived  to  be  in  vain. 

86.  Misit  .  .  .  prcEces  :  '  he  uttered  imprecations  ;'  such  as  Thy- 
estes  made  against  his  brother  Atreus.     See  Class.  Dict. 

87.  Venena  .  .  .  vicem  :  '  enchantments  may  confound  the  great 
distinctions  between  right  and  wrong  ;  but  they  cannot  change 
the  destiny  of  mankind,'  i.  e.  tJiey  cannot  avert  the  punishment 
that  awaits  the  guilty  ;  you  will  have  your  reward. 

89.  Diris :  '  by  my  curses.' 

97.    Vicatim :  '  from  street  to  street.' 

99.  Different :  '  will  scatter.' 

100.  EsquilincE.  alites :  birds  of  prey  frequented  the  Esquiline 
hill,  because  here  malefactors  were  executed,  and  their  bodiea 
were  left  exposed ;  the  poor  also  were  buried  there. 

101.  Parentes  :  the  poor  boy  thinks  it  some  consolation,  that  his 
parents  will  see  these  guilty  hags  punished  for  their  unnatural 
criraes. 

EPODE  VI. 

This  epode  is  addressed  to  some  ill-natured  and  backbitingf  po- 
et,  whom  Horace  compares  to  a  worthless  dog,  that  snarls  at  trav- 


27^  NOTES. 

ellers  and  strangers,  but  drops  his  cowardly  ears  and  runs,  if  a 
wolf  appears,  or  if  there  is  need  of  his  aid.  It  is  frequently  pub- 
lished  with  this  inscription,  In  Cassium  Severum.  Butitis  proba- 
ble  that  neither  this,  nor  the  IVth  Epode  against  Menas,  was  in- 
scribed  by  Horace  himself  with  the  real  name. 

1.  Hospites :  'strangers.' 

6.  Amica  vis  :  '  a  friendly  guard.' 

10.  Projectum :  intimating  that  he  was  easily  bribed  to  keep 
silence. 

13.  Qualis  .  .  .  gener :  i.  e.  such  as  was  Archilochus,  when  re- 
jected  as  a  son-m-law  by  the  faithless  Lycambes.  He  wrote  a 
satirical  poem  so  severe  against  him,  that  both  father  and  daugh- 
ter  destroyed  theraselves  in  vexation  and  despair. 

14.  Acer  hostis  :  sc.  Hipponax.     See  Class.  Dict. 

EPODE   VII. 

This  epode  was  addressed  to  the  Roman  people  at  the  time 
when  the  civil  war  was  about  to  break  out  between  Augustus  and 
Antony.  After  the  defeat  of  Lepidus,  and  the  death  of  Sextus 
Pompey,  there  had  been  a  time  of  peace  and  repose  to  the  com- 
monwealth,  which  was  now  about  to  be  interrupted. 

2.  Conditi:  sc.  in  vaginis :  -sheathed,'  since  the  death  of  Sex. 
Pompey. 

3.  Campis  atque  JVeptuno :  '  by  land  and  sea.' 

12.  jVunquam  .  .  .feris  :  '  which  are  never  cruel,  unless  towaxds 
beasts  of  a  different  kind.' 

18.  Scelusque  .  .  .  nccis  :  i.  e.  and  the  crime  of  Romulus  in  shed- 
ding  his  brother's  blood. 

19.  Ut:  'since.' 

20.  Sacer  nepotibus  :  '  fatal  to  posterity.' 

EPODE  VIII. 

Previous  to  the  general  engagement  at  Actium,  there  had  been 
several  partial  engagements  between  the  forces  of  Augustus  and 
Antony,  in  which  fortune  favored  the  former.  Horace,  therefore, 
on  hearing  of  that  great  battle,  which  he  expected  would  prove 
docisive,  addressed  this  epode  to  his  patron  Mtecenas,  then  at  the 
scene  of  action,  in  anticipation  of  the  glorious  result  he  predicted 
to  his  friend. 

1.  Adfestas  dapes  :  i.  e.  at  a  joyful  festival  on  the  occasion  of 
Cffisar's  victory. 

6.  Hdc  :  '  the  lyre.'— TZZw ;  '  the  flutes.'— Bar6amm ;  h.  e.  Phry- 
gium  cannen. 

7.  Xeptunius  dux :  Sextus  Pompey,  either  on  account  of  some 
naval  success  of  his  own,  or  because  his  father  had  had  the  com- 
raand  of  the  sea,  called  himself  the  son  of  Neptune. 


EPODES.  273 

9.  QiicB :  sc.  vincula.  Pompey  received  all  the  slaves  that  would 
enter  his  service;  and  the  desertion  was  so  great  through  all  Italy, 
that  prayers  and  sacrifices  were  made  in  the  temples  to  arrest  its 
progress. 

11.  Romanus  .  .  .  miles :  i.  e.  Antony. 

12.  FcemhKF  :  i.  e.  Cleopatra. 

13.  Spadonibus  .  .  .  riigosis :  'wrinkled  eunuchs.' 

16.  Conopium :  an  Egyptian  pavilion,  or  canopy,  to  keep  oft 
the  flies  and  other  insects.  The  Romans  considered  these  as 
marks  of  efteminacy,  and  therefore  dishonorable. 

17.  Adhoc  .  .  .  C(Bsarem  :  'at  this  unworthy  spectacle,  two  thou- 
sand  Gauls,  crying  out  with  indignation,  turned  their  horses,  and 
went  over  to  Csesar.'  These  wero  probably  the  Gallo-Grecians, 
under  Dejotarus  and  Amyntas,  who  deserted  Antony  and  joined 
Augustus  just  before  this  battle.  The  second  syllable  in  verterunt 
is  shortened  by  systole. 

20.  Sinistrorsiim :  when  looldng  out  to  sea,  from  the  harbor  of 
Actium,  Italy  is  on  the  right,  and  Alexandria,  to  wliich  Cleopatra 
fled,  is  on  the  left;. 

22.  luftactas  boves  :  sc.  jugo. 

23.  JVec  Jugurthino  .  .  .  ducem :  '  you  did  not  bring  home  from 
the  Jugurthine  war,  a  general  equal  to  him;'  i.  e.  Marius,  from  the 
conquests  of  Jugurtha,  did  not  return  so  great  and  glorious  as  Au- 
gustus. 

25.  JVeque  Africano  :  sc.  a  hello. — Cui :  sc.  Scipioni. 

26.  Sepulcrum :  '  monument.' 

27.  Punico  .  .  .  sagum :  by  hypallage,  for  mutavit  Punicum  sct- 
gum  sago  luguhi ;  '  changed  his  purple  Phoenician  dress  for 
mourning.' 

29.  Ele :  Antony. 

30.  JVon  suis  :  '  unpropitious.' 

33.  Ccpaciores  affer :  the  poet,  filled  with  exultation,  imagines 
himself  already  at  the  banquet  with  Meecenas.  He  does  not  yet 
know  that  further  dangers  are  to  be  encountered  by  his  friends  in 
the  pursuit  which  followed,  and  finally  terminatcd,  this  danger- 
ous  struggle. 


EPODE  IX. 

This  epode  seems  to  be  an  ebulhtion  of  ill  nature  and  of  impre- 
cations  against  Msevius,  quite  unworthy  of  our  poet.  This  Maevi- 
us  was  detested  by  both  Virgil  and  Horace,  as  a  vile  and  despica- 
ble  poetaster.  He  was  about  to  sail  for  Greece  ;  and  as  Horace 
had  wished  Virgil  a  prosperous  voyage  to  Greece  in  Book  I.  Ode 
III. ;  so  he  now  prays  for  disasters  upon  his  enemy  Msevius. 

3.  Latus  :  sc.  navis. 

7.  Quantvs :  '  in  as  great  a  fury  as  when.' 


274  NOTES. 

14.  Ajacis  ratem  :  the  victorious  army  of  the  Greeks  were  ship- 
wrecked  on  their  return  from  Troy.  The  indignation  of  Pallas 
pursued  Ajax,  son  of  Oileus,  in  particular,  on  account  of  some  vi- 
olence  offered  by  him  to  Cassandra  in  the  temple  of  that  god- 
dess. 

19.  Udo  .  .  .  remugiens  .  .  .  J^Toto :  '  roaring  with  the  blasts  of 
the  rainy  south  wind.' 


EPODE   X. 

Horace  exhorts  liis  friends  to  seize  every  occasion  of  enjoying 
life  while  it  is  in  their  power  to  do  so,  and  especially  to  pass  with 
him  a  rainy  day  in  conviviality.  He  enforces  his  argument  by  r6- 
presenting"  the  Centaur  Chiron  as  giving  the  same  advice  to  his 
pupil  Achilles,  after  he  had  informed  him  that  it  was  decreed  by 
fate  that  he  should  perish  at  Troy. 

1.  Contraxit :  'has  enveloped.' 

2.  Jovem :  '  the  air,'  which  is  said  to  be  brought  down  in  rain. 
5.   Obductd  .  .  .  senectus  :  '  let  the  contracted  brow  of  age  be 

relaxed.' 

7.  Deus  .  .  .  vice  :  '  by  some  kind  change  perhaps  God  will  re- 
store  things  to  their  former  state.'  It  seems  there  was  some  par- 
ticular  cause  for  the  anxiety  of  the  poet's  friends,  although  it  is 
uncertain  what  it  was. 

9.  Cyllened  :  invented  by  Mercury,  who  was  born  on  mount 
Cyllene,  in  Arcadia. 

11.  Centaurus  :  Chiron. — Alumno  :  Achilles. 

13.  Assaraci :  Troy  was  formerly  under  Assaracus. 

15.  Certo  suhtemine :  'by  an  unalterable  decree  ;'  or,  by  a  thread 
that  fixes  your  destiny. 

18.  Deformis  .  .  .  alloquiis :  '  the  sweet  soothers  of  odious  mel- 
ancholy.' 

EPODE  XI. 

The  civil  war  between  Caesar  and  Pompey  had  been  succeeded 
by  that  between  Octavius  and  Brutus ;  and  when  these  commo- 
tions  had  come  to  an  end,  others  arose  between  Octavius,  then 
called  Augustus,  and  Antony.  The  Roman  empirc  was  divided 
between  these  chiefs,  and  the  Adriatic  was  covered  with  their 
fleets.  A  battle  was  expected,  which  was  to  decide  the  fate  of 
the  empire.  On  the  eve  of  this  dreadful  scene,  Horace  composed 
this  epode,  in  which  he  deplores  the  condition  of  the  Roman  peo- 
ple,  and  intimates  that  they  may  as  well  abandon  their  country 
for  ever,  as  live  amidst  such  scenes  of  horror  and  uncertainty.  In 
short,  the  civil  wars,  which  began  between  Marius  and  Sylla  m 
the  year  666  of  Rome,  were  never  perfectly  extinguished  till  the 
death  of  Antony  in  724. 


EPODES.  275 

4.  Porsen(B :  when  Tarquin  the  Proiid  was  expelled  from  Rome, 
he  fled  to  Porsena,  king  of  the  Tuscans,  who  endeavored  with  a 
powerful  army  to  reinstate  hini.  But  the  daring  conduct  of  Muti- 
us  Scaevoia,  and  his  disclosure  of  the  plot  formed  against  Porsena's 
hfe,  induced  him  to  desist. 

5.  CapufB :  Hannibal  had  determined  to  make  Capua  the 
capital  of  Italy  when  he  should  complete  his  conquest  of  the  Ro- 
mans. 

6.  jVovisque  .  . .  injidelis :  '  faithless  in  their  frequent  revolutions.' 
The  Allobroges  were  a  people  of  Gaul  famous  for  their  frequent 
seditions. 

7.  Canded  .  .  .  pube  :  Tacitus  describes  the  Germans  as  having 
blue  eyes  :  hence  the  epithet  azruled. 

8.  Parentihus  :  sc.  nostris. 

9.  Impia  .  .  .  (Etas :  the  construction  is,  Nos  impia  cetas  devoti 
sanguinis  perdemus  civitatem,  quam  neque  finitimi,  &c. — Devotx 
sanguinis :  '  whose  blood  is  devoted  to  destruction,'  on  account  of 
our  crimes. 

13.  QiifBqus  .  .  .  insolens  :  the  construction  is,  Insolensque  dissi- 
pabit  ossa  Qiiirini,  nefas  videre  !  qucB  carent  ventis  et  solibus. — Qucb 
carent  ventis  et  solibus  :  '  which  are  religiously  preserved  from  air 
and  lig-ht ;'  i.  e.  which  are  yet  preserved  in  their  consecrated  um. 

15.  Fortk  .  .  .  laboribus  :  '  perhaps  all,  or  the  better  part  of  you, 
inquire  what  is  to  be  done  in  order  to  escape  these  evils.' 

17.  Phocoiorum  .  .  .  exsecrata  civitas :  the  Phocseans,  a  people 
of  lonia,  rather  than  fall  into  the  hands  of  the  Persians,  by  whom 
they  had  been  long  harassed,  agreed  to  abandon  their  city.  They 
then  bound  themselves  by  an  oath  never  to  return,  till  a  mass  of 
glowing  iron,  which  they  threw  into  the  sea,  should  rise  to  the 
surface.  After  various  hardships  they  arrived  in  France,  where 
they  settled,  and  built  Massiha. 

25.  Simul  .  .  .  nefas  :  '  that  we  may  return  whenever  the  rocks 
shall  rise  from  the  bottom  of  the  sea,  and  swim  on  the  surface.' 

27.  Quando  Padus  .  .  .  cacumina :  '  when  the  Po  shaU  wasb  the 
summits  of  Mount  Matinus.' 

31.    Ut :  '  so  that.' 

36.  Exsecrata  :  '  having  sworn  to  go.' 

37.  Mollis  .  .  .  cubilia :  '  let  the  faint-hearted  and  desponding 
cling  to  this  ill-omened  abode.' 

42.  Divites  et  insulas  :  '  and  the  Fortunate  Islands.'  He  proba- 
bly  refers  to  the  Canaries,  where  it  had  already  been  proposed  by 
Sertorius  to  settle. 

46.  Suam  .  .  .  arborem  :  i.  e.  the  natural,  not  ingrafted  tree. 

52.  JVec  .  .  .  humus :  'nor  does  the  teeming  earth  swell  with 
vipers.' 

54.  Mstuosa  .  .  .  impotentia  :  '  the  scorching  heat.' 

58.  Utrumque :  i.  e.  both  rain  and  heat. 

59.  Argoo  .  .  .  remige  :  i.  e.  with  invaders  like  the  Argonauts. 

60.  Impudica  Colchis :  Medea, 


276  NOTES. 

61.  Cornua :  sc.  antennarum  :  '  their  sail-yards.' 

65.  Q^uorum :  sc.  sceculorutn. 

66.  Me  vate  :  '  according  to  my  prophecy.'     Vates  means  both 
poet  and  prophet,  because  prophecies  were  given  in  verse. 


EPODE  XII. 

This  epode  professes  to  be  a  recantation  of  all  thepoethad  said 
against  Canidia  in  the  fifth  epode.  He  pretends  that  he  is  tina- 
ble  longer  to  bear  the  eftects  of  her  vindictive  spirit ;  he  acknowl- 
edges  himself  vanquished,  and  sues  for  mercy.  But  the  whole  is 
evidently  ironical,  and  in  fact  a  most  keen  and  bitter  satire. 

I,  Jam  .  .  .  scienticB  :  '  now  at  length  I  yield  to  the  power  of 
your  art.' 

4.  Libros  carminum :  '  books  of  enchantments.' 

7.  Citumque  .  .  .  turbinem :  '  stop,  and  turn  back  your  rapidly 
whirling  top.'  Sorcerers  had  a  kind  of  magical  top,  or  rhombus, 
which  turned  round  with  a  thread  or  yarn  attached  to  it.  As  this 
turned,  it  twisted  the  thread,  and  was  supposed  to  increase  the 
power  of  enchantment  over  the  person  subjected  to  its  influence. 
Horace  here  entreats  ]ier  to  untwist  the  thread,  and  loose  him  from 
the  power  of  her  enchantment,  by  turning  the  machine  backwards, 

retro. 

8.  Afepotem  .  .  .  J\/*ereium:  Achilles.  See  Telephus  in  the 
Class.  Dict. 

II.  Unxere  .  .  .  Hectorem :  i.  e.  the  Trojan  matrons  obtained 
permission  to  anoint  the  body  of  Hector,  which  had  becn  doomed 
to  be  the  prey  of  dogs  and  vultures.  . 

13.  Procidit :  '  prostratod  himself.'  Priam  went  out  from  Troy 
to  the  tent  of  Acliilles,  and  entreated  him  to  restore  the  body  of 
his  son  Hector ;  which  he  did. 

15.  Setosa  .  .  .  membra :  the  companions  of  Ulysses,  who  had 
been  changed  by  Circe  into  swine,  were  permitted  by  her  to  re- 
sume  theirformer  shape,  at  the  request  of  Ulysses. 

18.  Relapsus:  sc.  est ;  '  was  restored.' 

'23.  Tut.v  .  .  .  odoribus :  '  my  hair  is  turning  white  by  your  en- 
chantments.' — Odoribus :  'magic  herbs.' 

25.  jYeque  est :  'r.or  is  it  allowed.' 

26.  Tenta  :  '  strained.' 

27.  jVegatum  :  '  what  I  before  denied.' 

28.  Sabella  .  .  .  J\'(Bmd:  '  that  the  incantations  of  the  Samnitea 
disturb  the  breast,  and  that  the  head  is  cleft  by  the  charms  of  the 
Marsi.' 

35.  Cales  .  .  .  Colchicis :  '  you  are  heated  against  me,  a  living 
laboratory  of  Colchic  poisons.' 

36.  Stipcndium  :  '  expiatory  punishment.' 

39.  Mendaci  lyrd  :  "  qua  ncmpe  mulier  impudica  et  improba,  ut 
pudica  et  proba,  laudatur.'*     Doer. 


EPODES.  277 

41.  Perambulahis  astra :  i.  e.  you  shall  be  represented  in  my 
verses  as  walking  amidst  the  stars. 

42.  Vice  :  '  at  the  treatment'  of  their  sister. 

44.  Vati :  i.  e.  to  the  poet  Stesichorus,  who  had  been  punished 
by  bhndness  for  satirizing  Helen,  and  whose  sight  was  restored 
on  his  recantation  of  what  he  had  written. 

47.  Prudens  :  '  skilled.' 

48.  JVovendiales  .  .  .  pidveres :  '  in  scattering  their  warm  ashes,' 
i.  e.  ashes  on  the  ninth  day  after  death.  Bodies  were  kept  seven 
days,  burned  on  the  eight,  and  their  ashes  buried  on  the  ninth. 

53.  Inultus  .  .  .  Cupidinis :  '  shall  you,  unpunished,  expose  and 
ridicule  the  mysteries  of  Cotytto,  the  rites  of  unbridled  love  ?'  Co- 
tytto  was  the  goddess  of  impurity  and  sensual  indulgence. 

55.  Et .  .  .  venejici :  i.  e.  and  as  if  you  were  the  high  priest  of 
our  enchantments  on  the  Esquiline  hill. 

57.  Quid  proderat .  .  .  anus :  '  what  advantage  should  I  gain  by 
having  enriched  the  sorceresses  of  Pelignum  ?'  i.  e.  for  having 
paid  exorbitantly  for  their  instructions  in  magic. 

59.  Sed  .  .  .  manent :  '  but  a  fate  more  lingering  than  your  vs^ish- 
es  awaits  you.'  i.  e.  You  wi]l  pray  in  vain  for  death  to  deliver  you 
from  tortures  and  sufferings.  This  passage  seems  not  to  have 
been  well  understood  by  some  commentators. 

70.  Fastidiosd  .  .  .  (Bgrimonid :  '  oppressed  with  a  sorrow  loath- 
ing  existence.' 

72.  Insolenti(B :  '  resistless  power.' 


THE  SECULAR  POEM. 


This  poem,  designed  to  be  sung  at  the  celebration  ofthe  Secu- 
iar  Games,  by  a  choir  of  fifty-four  boys  and  gii;Js,  an  equal  number 
of  each,  is  considered  one  of  the  most  finished  performances  of 
antiquity.  These  games  were  celebrated  once  in  an  age,  or 
about  a  hundred  years.  They  were  instituted  in  consequence  of 
certain  prophecies  contained  in  the  SibyUine  Books.  This  cele- 
bration  was  originally  distinguished  by  three  solemn  festivals,  which 
were  afterwards  united  in  one  festival,  which  continued  three  days 
and  three  nights  successively.  The  first  celebration  of  the  Secu- 
lar  Games  was  in  the  year  of  Rome  245  ;  the  second  was  in  305 ; 
the  third  was  in  505  ;  the  fourth  was  in  605 ;  and  the  fifth,  for 
which  Horace  wrote  this  poem,  was  in  737.  It  was  therefore  a 
hundred  and  thirty-two  years  since  the  last  celebration.  The 
present  solemnities  were  announced  with  great  pomp  and  prepar- 
ation.  The  heralds  were  sent  out  into  the  provinces  to  invite  all 
the  world  to  a  festival,  such  as  tliey  never  had  seen,  and  never 
24 


278  NOTES. 

agam  would  see.  The  QuindecemvTri,  some  days  before,  distribu- 
ted  among  the  people  certain  lustral,  or  purifying  substances,  such 
as  bitumen,  sulphur,  and  certain  kinds  of  grain.  Sacrifices  were 
made  to  the  g-ods  ;  and  their  benedictions  were  implored  upon  the 
interests  of  Rorne,  which  was  the  great  object  of  this  festival. 

4.  Ttmporc  prisco  :  i.  e.  on  this  occasion  of  ancient  origin.  Ma- 
ny  manuscripts  have  sacro. 

5.  Qwo  SibylUni :  the  Books  of  the  Sibyls  were  written  in  hex- 
ameter  verse,  and  contained,  among  other  religious  matters,  the 
fbrms  of  the  ceremonies  at  the  Secular  Games. 

14.  Hithyia :  i.  e.  Diana,  who  had  the  care  of  women  in  child- 
birth,  and  was  invoked  under  three  titles,  Ilithyia,  Lucina,  and 
Genitdlis. 

17.  Diva :  Diana. — Patrum:  'ofthe  Senate.' 

20.  Lege  maritd :  the  Julian  law,  passed  a  short  time  before  this 
was  written,  was  designed  for  the  encouragement  of  matrimony  ; 
offering  rewards  to  those  who  married,  and  subjecting  those  who 
did  not  to  some  privations. 

21.  Certus  .  .  .  orbis :  'that  the  regular  circle  of  a  hundred 
years.' 

23.  Ter  die  claro  :  the  festival  continued  three  days  and  three 
nights. 

25.  Vosque  .  .  .  servet :  '  and  do  you,  O  Fates,  who  are  true  in 
declaring  what  has  been  once  decreed,  and  what  the  settled  re- 
sult  of  things  may  keep  unchanged ' 

33.  Condito :  '  concealed  in  thy  quiver.' 

37.  nice  .  .  .  turmcB :  these  were  the  Trojan  troops  who  had  set- 
tled  in  Italy  under  ^neas. 

41.  Sinefraude:  'uninjured.' 

43.  Daturus  .  .  .  relictis  :  i.  e.  about  to  bequeath  an  empire  more 
flourishing  than  Troy,  which  he'  lefl  to  come  to  Italy. 

49.  QufBque  .  .  .  alhis ;  sc.  gens :  '  and  may  the  nation  which 
venerates  you  by  the  sacrifice  of  white  oxen.'  Many  manuscripts 
have  quique  and  imperet,  instead  o^  quceque  and  impetret. 

51.  Impetret :  '  accomplish  its  object' — Bellante  prior  :  '  superi- 
or  to  its  opponent' 

54.  Albanas  secures  :  the  axes  of  the  lictors,  put  for  the  power 
of  the  Romans. 

63.  Salutari  levat  arte :  Apollo  was  -considered  as  the  god  of 
medicine  and  of  the  healing  art. 

67.  Alterum  .  .  .  cevum :  and  may  Apollo,  god  of  prophecy,  and 
adorned  with  the  glittering  bow,  &c.  '  advance  the  Roman  com- 
monwealth  and  Latium  to  another  happy  lustrum,  and  always  to  a 
better  age.' 

69.  QufBque  .  .  .  aures :  the  construction  is,  Dianaque,  qu<R  tenet 
Aventinum  Algidumque,  curct  preces  Qidndecinwirorum,  et  applicet 
amicas  aures  votis  puerorum. 

73.  H(Bc  .  .  .  laudes :  the  construction  is,  Ego  chorus,  doctus  di- 
cerc  laudes  et  Phabi  et  Diance,  reporto  domum  bonam  certamqu£ 


SATIRES.    BOOK  I.  279 

spem,  Jovem  deosque  cunctos  sentire  hcec.  Both  the  choirs  join  ia 
saying  this  ;  and,  as  each  is  represented  by  its  leader,  the  singular 
number  is  used.' 


X- 


SATIRES 
BOOK  I. 
SATIRE  I. 


The  object  of  this  satire  is  to  expose  the  foUy  of  discontent  and 
avarice,by  which  men  allow  themselves  to  be  deprived  of  the  en- 
joyments  which  their  condition  and  fortune  offer  them. 

I.  Qiiam  sibi  .  .  .  objecerit :  '  which  reason  has  chosen,  or  chance 
thrown  in  his  way.' 

6.  Mercaior  :  sc.  ait. 

7.  Concurritur :  '  the  battle  begins.' 

9.  Juris  legumque  peritus :  '  the  lawyer.' 

10.  Consultor :  '  the  client.' 

II.  Hle,  (i.  e.  consultor,  cliens) .  .  .  est :  '  he,  who,  having  before 
given  bail,  is  forced  from  his  farm  into  the  city ;'  i.  e.  to  defend 
his  cause,  or  consult  his  patron. 

14.  Fabium  :  it  is  said  that  Fabius  had  written  several  books 
in  favor  of  the  Stoic  philosophy,  which  probably  did  notagree  xvith 
the  poet's  Epicurean  notions. 

18.  Mutatis  . .  .  partibus :  '  your  conditions,  or  professions,  be- 
ing  changed.' 

19.  lAcet :  sc.  illis. 

21.  Buccas  injlet :  '  may  swell  with  indignation.'  Why  may 
not  Jove  justly  be  indignant  at  their  fickleness  ? 

26.  Doctores  :  '  teachers,'  who  sometimes  gave  little  boys  sweet 
cakes  to  induce  them  to  learn  their  letters. 

29.  Perjidus  hic  caupo  :  '  the  knavish  inn-keeper ;'  one  who 
adulterated  his  commodities,  wine,  &c. 

40.  Dum:  '  provided  that.' 

43.  Quod,  si  .  .  .  assem  :  suppose  the  miser  here  to  say, '  Which, 
if  you  once  break  in  upon  it,  may  be  reduced  to  a  wretched 
penny.' 

44.  Jlt,  ni  idjit :  the  poet  rejoins,  '  But  unless  that  be  done.' 

45.  Millia  :  sc.  modiorum. 

46.  Hoc :    '  on  this   account.' — Si  .  . .  humero :  '  if  by  chance 


280  NOTES. 

you  liave  to  bear  on  your  burdened  shoulder  the  sack  of  bread 
among  the  slaves.' 

49.  Quid  .  .  .  viveiiti :  '  what  difference  does  it  make  to  one 
living  within  the  limits  prescribed  by  nature.' 

53.  Cumeris :  'baskets.' 

58.  Avfidus  :  a  river  of  Apulia. 

62.  Quia  .  .  .  sis:  '  because  you  may  be  of  as  much  impor- 
tance,  as  you  possess  of  wealth.' — Tanti  sis :  '•'•tanti  (Bstimeris, 
quantas,  opes  habeas." 

63.  Quidfacias  illi :  '  what  can  you  do  for  such  a  man  ?'  i.  e. 
one  Avho  thinks  so  perversely. — lAbenter  .  .  .facit:  *so  long  as 
hc  voluntarily  conducts  himself  thus.' 

86.  Post  omnia  ponas  :  by  tmesis,  for  postponas  omnia. 

87.  Si  nemo  .  .  .  amorem :  '  if  no  one  shows  a  regard  for  you, 
which  you  no  way  deserve.' 

88.  An  si  .  .  .  amicos :  the  construction  is,  An,  si  velis  reti- 
nere  servareque  amicos  nullo  labore,  cognatos  quos  natura  dat 
tibi. 

94.  Parto  quod  avebas :  sc.  eo ;  'that  being  obtained  which  you 
desired.' 

95.  Dives  .  .  .  nummos :  sc.  ita ;  '  so  rich  that  he  measured  his 
money.' 

99.  Liberta :  "  quam  uxoris  loco  habuisse  videtur  Ummidius." 

100.  Tyndaridarum :  this  word  includes  the  children  of  Tyn- 
darus  of  both  sexes,  and,  although  of  the  masculine  gender, 
may  express  the  daughters,  Helen  and  Clytemnestra,  who  killed 
thcir  husbands,  Deiphobus  and  Agamemnon,  the  latter  with  a 
hatchet. 

101.  JV(Eviu^ :  i.  e.  ut  avaHis  et  sordidus. 

102.  JVomentanus :  i.  e.  ut  nebulo,  vel  homo  luxuriosus. 

105.  Est  inler  ...quiddam:  'there  is  some  difference  be- 
tween,'  &c. 

108.  JVe7no7i'  .  .  .  se  probet :  i  e.  '  does  no  one  then,  even  the 
miser,  congratulate  himself  ?' 

114.  JJyigida:  i  e.  ungulati  equi. 

1 15.  Suos  vincentihus  :  '  that  outstrip  his  own'  horses. 

120.  JVe  me  .  .  .  putes  ;  '  lest  you  raay  think  I  have  been  rob- 
bing  the  portfolio  of  blear-eyed  Crispinus.'  He  was  a  vain,  lo- 
quacious  pliilosopher  and  poet. 


SATIRE  II. 

The  object  of  this  satire  is  to  expose  the  meanness  andfolly  of 
avarice,  and  also  to  attack  the  opposite  vice,  prodigality. 

1.  Ambubajarum  .  .  .  balatrones :  '  the  tribes  of  musicians, 
quacks.  cheating  vagabonds,  players,  buffoons,'  &.c.      The  ambu- 

baire  were  'female  flute-players.' Pharmacopolce :  these  were 

strolling  quacks,  who  vended  nostruras  and  panaceas. 


SATIRES.    BOOK  I.  ,281 

5i.  Mendici :  *  cheating  vagabonds.'  By  this  -word  is  meant  the 
priests  of  Cybele  and  Isis,  jugglers,  fortune-tellers,  and  such 
worthless  characters  as  get  their  living  by  imposing  upon  people. 
—Balatrones:  'buffoons,  rope-dancers,'  or  any  worthless  para- 
sites. 

3.  Tigelli :  this  Tigellius  was  one  of  the  raost  famous  musi- 
cians  of  his  time.  He  is  called  '  the  singer,'  rather  by  way  of 
contempt. 

4.  Conira  hic :  this  means  some  other  person ;  '  on  the  other 
hand,  this  man.' 

7.  Hunc  si  perconteris  :  '  if  you  ask  this  one  ;'  i  e.  a  third. 

8.  Stringat :  '  wastes,'  '  consumes.' 

9.  Conductis:  'hired' at  exorbitant  interest. 
12.  Fiiftdius :  this  was  a  notorious  usurer. 

14.  Quinas  .  .  .  exsecat :  'he  deducts  five  times  the  interest 
from  the  sum.'  The  lawful  interest  was  at  the  rate  of  one  per 
cent.  a  month  ;  or  twelve  per  cent.  per  annum.  Fufidius,  not  satis- 
fied  -with  Jive  times  this  rate  of  interest,  or  five  per  cent.  a  month, 
discounts,  or  deducts  this  amount  beforehand. 

15.  Qiianto  perditior :  'the  more  distressed.' 

16.  JVomina  sectatur:  'he  carefuUy  finds  out  the  names' of 
young  heirs  under  age ;  i.  e.  that  he  may  loan  them  money  at 
exorbitant  interest. 

18.  At  in  se  .  .  .  facit :  '  but  [you  will  say]  he  expends  upon 
himself  in  proportion  to  his  income.' 

20.  Ut  pater :  Terence,  in  his  play  called  "  The  Self-torment- 
or,"  represents  a  father  as  making  himself  miserable,  because 
his  son  had  forsaken  him,  and  gone  into  the  army,  and  blaming 
his  own  severity  as  the  cause. 

25.  Pastillos :  'perfumes.' 


SATIRE  III. 

The  poet  would  show,  in  this  satire,  that  the  faults  of  friends 
must  not  be  too  severely  censured.  He  also  ridicules  the  dog- 
mas  of  the  Stoics,  who  allowed  no  distinction  between  crimes,  but 
maintained  that  all  sliould  be  punished  with  equal  severity. 

3.  Sardus :  '  of  Sardinia.' 

6.  Ab  ovo  .  .  .  mala :  i.  e.  from  beginnfaig  to  end.  Eggs  were 
served  first,  and  fruit  last,  at  dinner. 

7.  lo  Bacche  :  this  was  the  beginning  or  the  chorus  of  a  song, 
repeated  by  Tigellius,  probably  of  his  own  composition. — Summd 
voce  .  .  .  ima :  '  sometimes  on  the  highest  key,  and  sometimes  on 
the  lowest ;  i.  e.  hac  voce,  qufB  resonat  ima  quattuor  chordis.  Some 
commentators  make  summa  and  inia  to  agree  with  chorda^  and  to 
refer  to  the  situation  of  the  strings  in  the  instrument  called  the 
tetrachord.  According  to  this  interpretationj  summa  and  ima, 
referring  to  their  position,  would  express  '  the  base  and  treble.* 

24* 


282  NOTES. 

11.  Junonis  sacra:  the  solemn  processions  in  honoi  of  Juno 
were  proverbial  for  the  slow  and  majestic  pace  witii  which 
tliey  moved. 

15.  Decies  .  .  .  loculis :  'if  you  had  given  ten  times  a  hundred 
thousand  sesterces  to  this  frugal  man,  content  with  little,  in  five 
days  there  would  be  nothing  in  his  coffers.' 

21.  Carperet :  '  was  inveighing  against.' 

27.  Serpens  Epidaurius :  the  serpent  is  reraarkable  for  the 
keenness  of  its  sight,  as  its  Greek  name  Soaxwv,  from  SiQxwf  '  to 
see,'  implies.  It  was  sacred  to  iEsculapius,  who  had  a  temple  in 
Epidaurus. 

28.  Inquirant .  .  .  illi :  '  that  they  also  in  turn  may  inquire  into 
your  vices.' 

29.  Minus  aptus .  .  .  hominum :  *  not  well  suited  to  the  witty 
raillery  of  these  gentlemen.'  Horum  hominum  probably  refers  to 
the  persons  alluded  to  in  the  preceding  verse.  It  has  been 
thouo-ht  that  the  character  here  described  was  intended  for 
Virgil,  who  is  said  to  have  been  the  subject  of  some  ridicule  at 
the  court  of  Augiistus,  for  his  timidity  and  consequent  awkward- 
ness  ;  and  that  Horace  wrote  this  satire  in  his  defence.  '  These 
gontlemen,'  then,  are  the  courtiers  of  Augustus. 

35.  JV^um   qua  .  .  .  natura :    '  whether   nature    has  originally 

sowed  any  vices  in  you.' 

38.  Illuc  prcRvertamur  :  '  let  us  turn  to  the  common  remark.' 
40.   Veluti  .  .  .  HagncB, :  sc.  delectat :   '  as  the  polypus  of  Hagna 

dehghts  Balbinus.'  The  polypus  is  a  swelling  in  the  nose,  gener- 

ally  very  offensive. 

43.  At,  pater  .  .  .  fastidire  :  the  construction  is,  At,  ut  pater 
non  fastidit,  si  quod  sit  vitium  gnati,  sic  nos  dehemus  non  fastidire, 
si  quod  sit  vitium  amici. 

44.  Strabonem  :  '  a  child  with  distorted  eyes.' 

45.  P(ztum  :  '  leering  ;'  which  was  considered  a  beauty. — 
Pullum :  '  his  chicken.' 

47.  Sisyphus :  this  was  Mark  Antony's  dwarf,  two  feet  high. — 
Varum :  Varus  and  Scaurus  were  the  names  of  noble  families,  in 
Rome.  Hence  the  father,  to  cover  the  child's  deformity,  calls 
him  after  one  of  these  elevated  characters.  Varus,  as  an  adjec- 
tive,  significs  '  having  the  legs  bent  inwards ;'  vulgus, '  having  bow- 
legs ;'  and  Scaurus,  '  one  who  has  ankles  bunching  out ;'  or  '  one 
who  is  cluhfooted.'' 

56.  Incrustare  :  defective  vessels  were  varnished  over  with 
pitch  or  wax  to  conceal  their  defects.     To  do  this  to  a  perfect  ves- 

sel  would  create  a  suspicion  as  to  its  soundness. Probu^  .  .  . 

damus  :  '  does  any  one  with  us  live  honestly,  he  is  a  poor-spirited 
man ;  to  him  who  is  cool  and  deliberate,  we  give  the  name  of 
stupid.' 

60.  Quum  genus  .  .  .  crimina :  '  since  we  are  treating  of  that 
grade  of  life  where  koen  envy  and  slanderous  accusations  pre- 
vail.'     Criinina  for  criminationes. 


SATIRES.    BOOK  I.  283 

65.  Impellat .  .  .  sermone :  *  may  interrupt  one  with  any  trifling 
conversation.' 

70.  Pluribus  hisce  .  . .  indinet :  'should  incline  to  these  [vir- 
tues],  the  more  numerous,  if  the  virtues  do  but  preponderate.' 
The  metaphor  is  taken  from  weighing  in  a  balance,  when,  he  says, 
we  should  make  the  scale  turn  in  favor  of  a  friend. 

72.  In  trutind  ponetur  eddem  :  *  he  shall  be  placed  in  the  same 
scale  ;'  i.  e.  his  failings  shall  be  regarded  by  me  with  the  same 
lenity. 

76.  Denique  .  .  .  hcerentia:  'in  short,  since  the  vice  of 
anger,  and  other  faults  adhering  to  fools,  cannot  be  whoUy  eradi- 
cated.' 

78.  Ponderibus  .  .  .  suis :  '  her  weights  and  measures.' 

82.  Labeone :  '  than  Labeo,'  who  used  to  contradict  Au- 
gustus. 

85.  Concedas:  •overlook.' 

86.  Drusonem :  sc.  fugit.  Druso  was  a  usurer,  and  if  his 
debtors  could  not  pay  him  at  the  proper  time,  he  compelled  them 
to  come  and  listen  to  him  while  he  repeated  his  histories.  This 
was  no  light  penalty,  as  he  wrote  wretchedly. 

87.  Qiu* :  nominative  to  audit. — Kalendce  :  this  was  the  time  for 
the  payment  of  borrowed  money. 

88.  Mercedem:  'the  interest' — JVummos :  '  the  principaL' — 
Unde  unde  :  'by  some  means.' — Extricat:  'procures.' 

89.  Porrecto  jugulo :  '  with  neck  out-stretched,'  like  an  humble 
slave. 

90.  Potus  :  sc.  meus  amicus  : '  having  drunk  too  freely.' 

91.  Evandri  .  .  ,  iritum :  '  worn  by  the  hands  of  Evander,'  a  king 
of  ancient  Latium.  Some  understand  a  dish  made  by  Evander,  a 
celebrated  sculptor.  But  tritum  is  seldom,  if  ever,  used  in  that 
sense. 

96.  Qwm  .  .  .peccata:  'who  consider  all  sins  as  nearly  equal;' 
i.  e.  the  Stoics,  whose  absurd  notions  the  poet  attacks. 

97.  Qiium .  .  .  est:  'when  they  come  to  the  realities  of  life.' 

99.  Q^iium  .  .  .  pecus  :  '  when  mankind  at  first  crept  forth  from 
the  earth,  a  dumb  and  stupid  race.' 

100.  Propter ;  '  on  account  of.' 

110.  Viribus  editior :  '  the  stronger.' 

111.  Jura  .  .  .  est :  '  it  is  necessary  that  you  acknowledge  laws 
to  have  been  invented  from  fear  of  injustice.' 

112.  Fastos :  'annals.' — Mundi  :  '  of  the  world.' 

115.  JVec  vincet .  .  .  idemque  :  '  nor  will  reason  ever  convince 
us  of  this,  that  he  sins  equally  and  the  same.' 

117.  Msit  .  .  .  (Bquas :  'let  some  rule  be  established,  which 
may  exact  punishments  proportionate  to  crimes.' 

119.  Scuticd  :  this  was  a  leather  strap  used  for  slight  offences, 
and  particularly  by  schoolmasters  in  punishing  their  pupils : 
whereas  the  Jlagellum  was  a  severe  scourge  of  twisted  thongs, 
used  for  punishing  great  offenders. 


284  "  NOTES. 

120.  JVa?/i  non  vereoT,  ut  feruld,  S{c. 

122.  Furta:  sc.  paria. — Magnis  :  '  with  great  crines.' 

123.  Si  tibi  .  .  .  homines :  '  if  you  had  the  reins  of  govern- 
ment.' 

126.  Qworf  hahes :  the  Stoics  taught  that  a  wise  raan  was  su- 
perior  to  a  king. 

136.  Rumperis  et  latras :   '  you  will  burst  with  rage,  and  snarl 

at  them.' 

137.  JVe  longum  .  .  .  sectahitur :  'I  will  be  short;  whilst  you,  a 
king,  go  to  the  farthing  bath,  with  no  attendant  but  silly  Cris- 
pinus.' 

SATIRE   IV. 

Horace  wishes  to  show  that  satirical  poets,  who  expose  and 
lash  the  real  vices  of  the  age,  ought  not  to  be  considered  as 
slanderous;  and  that  pointing  out  examples  of  the  vices  they 
censure  is  the  most  short  and  ready  way  of  correcting  them. 

2.  Atque  alii  .  .  .  est :  'and  others  whose  comedy  isof  the  an- 
cient  school.' 

7.  Mutatis  tantiim :  the  comic  poets  wrote  in  iambic  verse  ; 
but  Lucilius  wrote  his  satires  in  hexameters. 

8.  EmunctfE  naris :  '  of  keen  raillery.' 

10.  Stans  pede  in  uno  :  '  standing  on  one  foot.'  This  expres- 
sion  is  used  to  signify  '  a  very  short  time.' 

13.  JVam  ut  .  .  .  moror :  '  for,  as  to  writing  much,  I  consider 
that  as  nothing.' 

14.  Crispinus  .  .  .  provocat :  '  Crispmus  challen^es  me  for  a 
very  small  bet,'  against  a  large  one,  which  he  is  willing  to  risk  ; 
as  we  say,  "  ten  to  one." 

19.  At  tu  .  .  .  imitare :  the  construction  is,  .^t  tu,  ut  mavis,  O 
Crispine,  imitare  auras  conclusas  in  hircinis  follibus,  laborantes 
usque  dum  ignis  molliat  ferrum. 

20.  Usque:  '  constantly.' 

21.  Ut  mavis  :  '  as  much  as  you  please.' 

22.  Delatis  capsis :  the  highest  honor  and  reward  to  wliich  a 
poet  aspired  was  to  have  his  writings  and  his  statue  placed  in  the 
library  of  Augustus,  on  mount  Palatine.  This  honor,  the  poet 
says,  Fannius  had  obtained  unsought.  This  is  keen  satire  ;  as  it 
was  a  distinction  wholly  undeserved  by  Fannius,  and  obtained  by 
indirect  and  unfair  means. 

23.  Timentis :  sc.  mei  ;  for  which  we  have  mea  in  the  text. 

24.  Genus  hoc :  sc.  scribendi.     Referring  to  satire. 

25.  Qiiemvis  .  .  .  turbd :  '  take  any  one  at  random  from  the 
midst  of  the  crowd.' 

27.  Mre :  '  brazen  statues.' 

28.  Ad  eum  quo  :  sc.  solem  ;  '  to  that  with  which.' 

33.  Fanum  .  .  .  cornu :  '  he  has  hay  on  his  horn ;'  i.  e.  he  is  a 
dangerous  fellow.     It  was   customary  to  wind  a  wisp  of  hay 


SATIRES.     BOOK  I.  285 

about  the  liorns  of  cattle  that  pushed  and  were  danj^'erous,  to 
g-ive  folks  a  hint  to  be  on  their  guard. 

36.  Lacuque :  by  this  word  is  meant  the  basin,  or  open  reser- 
voir,  in  which  tlie  water  from  the  aqueduct  stood  ready  for  use  : 
the  passa^e  may  be  rendered  thus  :  '  whatever  he  has  scribbled 
he  will  deiight  in  showing  to  the  rabble,  to  boys,  old  women,  and 
aJl,  as  they^go  from  the  bake-house  and  the  fountain.' 

41.  Sei-moni:  'to  prose.' 

47.  Pater  ardens  :  this  alludes  to  a  scene  in  the  Adelphi  of 
Terence. 

48.  Xepos  . . .  Jilius  :  '  his  profligate  son.' 

51.  JVumquid  Pomponius :  Horace  does  not  admit  the  fact,  that 
in  comedy  the  style  is  occasionally  elevated  by  the  subject,  to  be 
any  argument  in  favor  of  its  deserving  the  name  of  poetry,  since 
a  similar  occasion  would  produce  a  similar  eflfect  even  in  com- 
mon  prose. 

54.  Que?/i  si  .  .  .  pater  :  sc.  versum ;  '  which  if  you  displace, 
any  angry  father  would  rave  in  the  same  manner  as  he  in  the 
play.' — Personatus :  '  in  the  play.'  Persona  was  a  mask  worn  by 
the  ancient  actors. 

57.  Tempora  certa  modosque  :  '  quantity  and  measure.' 

59.  JVbn  .  .  .  poet(B :  '  you  would  not  even  find  the  fragments 
of  the  dismembered  poet ;  as  if  you  alter  the  anangement  of  this 
passage  ;  Postquam,''  ^r.  from  Ennius. 

62.  Alias :  '  at  another  time,'  I  may  inquire  whether  comedy  be 
real  poetry  or  not. 

64.  Genus  hoc  scribendi:  i.  e.  StitiTe.—Sulcius :  Sulcius  and 
Caprius  were  too  infamous  informers,  who  carried  about  their  in- 
dictments,  or  accusations,  [libellis.) 

68.  Ut  sis  :  i.  e.  although  you  may  be  a  robber,  like  CobHus  and 
Birrus,  I  am  not  an  informer,  like  Caprius  and  Sulcius. 

71.  queis  .  .  .  Tigelli :  'on  which  the  hand  of  the  rabble  and 
of  Hermogenes  Tigellius  may  sweat.' 

75.  Suave  :  for  suaviter ;  '  sweetly.' 

76.  Haud  illud  qucerentes  :  '  not  asking  themselves  this  ques- 
tion.' 

85.  Srepe  .  .  .  quaternos :  there  were  three  couches,  forming  a 
semicircle,  placed  around  a  Roman  table.  On  each  of  these,  three 
persons  usuaUy  reclined,  and  sometimes  more ;  in  this  case,  four 
are  mentioned,  making  twelve  at  the  dinner. 

86.  Qudvis  :  sc.  ratione ;  or,  as  some  suppose,  aqud. 

87.  Prrpier  .  .  .  potus :  '  except  the  host,  and  him  also  at  last, 
when  heated  with  wine.' 

90.  Infesto  nigris  :  '  so  hostile  to  slanderers.' 

98.  Sed  tamen  .  .  .  fugerit :  '  and  yet  I  wonder  how  he  got  clear 
of  that  afl^air.'  This  Horace  calls  the  most  deadly  kind  of  slan- 
der ;  artfully  to  insinuate,  after  all  these  friendly  professicns,  that 
he  was  guilty  of  the  crime  charged  against  him. 

99.  Hic  .  .  .  loliginis :    '  this  is  the  essence    of  black  envy.' 


286  NOTES. 

The  loligo,  or  cuttle-fish,  emits  a  fluid  as  black  as  ink,  in  order  to 
escape  when  pursued. 

105.   Utfugerem:  sc.  ea. 

111.  Sectani :  Sectanus  was  infamous  for  his  debaucheries, 
and  Trebonius  for  his  adulteries. 

1 14.  Sapiens  .  .  .  tibi :  '  a  philosopher  will  explain  to  you  the 
reasons  why  it  is  better  a  thing  should  be  avoided  or  pursued.' 
This  implies  that  it  was  enough  for  the  poet's  father,  a  plain  man, 
to  train  up  his  son  in  the  way  of  rectitude  and  honesty ;  while 
the  more  learned  could  tea-ch  the  principles  of  moral  philosophy. 

122.  Unum  .  .  .  objiciebat :  '  he  placed  before  my  view  one  of 
the  judges  distinguished  for  knowledge  and  integrity.' 

124.  Flagret  .  .  .  ille :  '  when  this  person  and  that  are  branded 
with  a  bad  character.' 

125.  Mgros  :  i.  e.  sick  through  intemperance. — Jlvidos :  '  eager' 
after  food  or  drink.  The  death  of  a  neighbor  teaches  them  to  re- 
strain  their  appetites. 

128.  Ex  hoc  :  '  from  this  kind  of  education.' 

130.  Isthinc  :  '  from  these  vices.' 

131.  Liber  amicus  :  '  a  candid  friend.' 

132.  Consilium  proprium :  '  my  own  reflection. 

135.  Hoc  .  .  .  belle :  '  some  one  has  done  this  very  improperly.' 
142.    Judcdi :  the  Jews  were  famous  for  their  zeal  in  malnng 
proselytes. 

SATIRE  V. 

This  satire  contains  Horace's  celebrated  account  of  a  journey  to 
Brundusium.  His  adventures  are  recounted  with  much  pleasan- 
try ;  and  the  satire  is  considered  one  of  his  best  performances. 
Horace  accompanied  Meecenas,  Cocceius,  and  Caplto  to  Brundu- 
sium  on  business  of  a  political  nature.  Plotius,  Varius  and  Virgil 
join  the  party  on  the  way.  It  was  on  this  occasion  that  the  rec- 
onciliation  was  efiected  between  Augustus  and  Antony,  and  the 
treaty  of  peace  made,  by  which  Octavia  was  given  in  marriage  to 
Antony. 

2.  Hospitio  modico  :  '  at  a  tolerable  inn.' 

5.  Altiiis  .  .  .  unum :  '  which  more  active  travellers  than  we 
usually  perform  in  one  day.'  The  toga,  or  gown,  was  girt  high  m 
proportion  to  the  activity  necessary. 

7.   Ventri  indico  bellum :  i.  e.  I  take  no  supper. 

11.  Pueri :  sc.  cceperunt ;  '  our  servants  began.' — JVdutis  :  '  on 
the  boat's  men.' 

13.  .^s :  '  the  fare.' — Mula :  '  the  mule,'  by  which  the  boat  was 
drawn  along  a  canal. 

21.  Cerebrosus :  '  an  irritable  fellow.' 

23.  Qiiartd  hord  :  i.  e.  the  fourth  hour  from  sunrise  ;  answering 
to  our  ten  o^clock. 

26.  Anxur :    this  town,  called    also  Tcrracina,  was  originally 


SATIRES.     BOCK  I.  287 

built  upon  an  abrupt,  rocky  eminence,  overiianging  a  bay  of  the 
Mediterranean  sea.  The  modern  town  of  Terracina  is  partly  on 
the  declivity,  and  extends  quite  to  the  water's  edge.  It  is  near 
the  extremity  of  the  Pontine  marshes  towards  Naples,  and  is  the 
first  stopping  place  after  passing  twenty-five  miles  through  that 
dreary  and  unwholesome  region. 

29.  Soliti  componere :  this  was  the  second  conference  at  Brun- 
dusium  to  reconcile  Augustus  and  Antony. 

30.  Collyria  :  '  eye-salve.' — Lippus  :  '  having  sore  eyes.' 

32.  Ad  unguem  .  .  .  homo  :  '  a  man  made  to  perfection ;'  a  figure 
taken  from  artists,  working  in  marble,  who  were  in  tlie  habit  of 
passing  the  nail  over  the  marble  to  ascertain  whether  it  was  per- 
fectly  polished.    In  our  own  idiom,  '  a  perfect  gentleman.' 

34.  Fundos :  '  Fundi,'  where  Aufidius  Luscus  acted  as  prsBtor. 
It  seems  he  was  a  scribe,  and  had  been  sent  to  I\indi,  by  the 
prcBtor  urbanus,  to  oversee  the  affairs  of  it.  His  vanity  induced 
him  to  make  a  display  before  strangers  of  all  the  insignia  of  the 
office  of  praetor  at  Rome,  and  rendered  him  an  object  of  their 
ridicule. 

35.  Insani  .  .  .  scribcB  :  '  laughing  at  the  display  of  badges  by 
this  foolish  scrivener.' — Prcemia :  i.  e.  insignia  dignitatis. 

36.  PruncBque  batillum  :  '  and  a  censor  of  burning  coals.'  This 
was  usually  carried  before  persons  vested  with  supreme  authority. 

37.  Mamurrarum  urbe :  i.  e.  Formice ;  now  Mola  di  Gaeta.  Cice- 
ro's  favorite  country  residence  was  here  ;  and  it  was  near  this  place 
that  the  orator  was  overtaken  and  slain  by  the  emissaries  of  An- 
tony.  There  is  by  the  road  side,  now  standing  and  in  good  pres- 
ervation  (in  1830,)  a  tower  called  "f^e  Cenotaph  of  Cicero,^^  which 
is  supposedto  stand  on  the  spotwhere  he  was  assassinated.  The 
bay  winds  up  to  Mola,  from  which  is  a  fine  view  of  Gaeta,  at  five 
miles  distance,  which,  according  to  tradition,  was  founded  by 
^neas,  in  honor  of  the  nurse  Cdieta.  Our  poet  calls  Formi<E, 
Mamurrarum  urhs,  from  one  Mamurra,  of  obscure  origin  at  Formise, 
who  rose  to  great  wealth  and  influence,  and  owned  much  of  the 
territory.     The  road  from  Rome  to  Naples  passes  through  Mola. 

40.  Sinuess(E :  '  at  Sinuessa,'  a  town  on  the  borders  of  Campania. 

44.  JVil  .  .  .  amico :  '  nor  shall  I  ever,  while  in  my  right  mind, 
compare  any  thing  to  a  pleasant  friend.' 

45.  Campano  ponti  :  '  to  the  Campanian  bridge,'  over  the  river 
Savo. 

46.  Parochi :  sc.  prcRbuerunt :  parochi  were  commissioners  ap- 
pointed  to  furnish  hay,  wood,  and  other  necessaries  for  those  who 
travelled  on  public  business. 

51.   QwcE  .  .  .  cauponas :  '  which  is  beyond  the  inns  of  Caudium.' 

54.  Messi,  &c. :  the  construction  is,  Osci  sunt  clarum  genus 
Messi.  The  Osci,  or  Campanians  near  Capua,  were  notorious  for 
their  vices  ;  hence  clarum  is  used  ironically. 

55.  Sarmenti  .  .  .  exstat :  '  the  mistress  of  Sarmentus  is  yet  liv- 
ing ;'  i.  e.  he  is  a  runaway  slave. 


288  NOTES. 

62.  Campanum  in  morbiim :  'the  Campanian  disease,'  here  al- 
luded  to,  caused  protuberances  like  warts  to  grow  out  and  dis- 
figure  the  face. 

63.  Pastorem  .  .  .  Cyclopa :  '  that  he  would  personate  the  Cy- 
clops  in  a  dance.'  Messius  seemed  well  calculated  for  this  char- 
acter,  as  a  deep  scar  in  the  forehead  gave  him  the  look  of  Poly- 
phemus ;  and  he  could  represent  liim  without  mask  or  buskins. 

65.  Catenam :  slaves  of  the  meanest  class  were  chained ;  and 
when  freed,  they  consecrated  their  chains  to  Saturn.  But  Sarmen- 
tus,  who  had  run  away,  is  supposed  to  have  consecrated  his  chains 
to  the  Lares,  who  were  invoked  by  travellers. 

67.  DominfE :  the  right  of  his  former  mistress  was  no  less  per- 
fect  over  him,  although  he  had  got  clear  of  her,  and  was  now  a 
scribe. 

69.  Lihra :  a  pound  of  bread  a  day  was  the  lawful  allowance 
for  a  slave  ;  and  he  intimates  that  one  so  lank  and  meagre  should 
have  been  contented  with  it. 

78.  Atahulus :  a  destructive  wind  called  Sirocco.     Doer. 

79.  Erepsemns  :  by  Syncope  for  erepsissemus. 

83.  Qiiod  .  .  .  non  est :  '  which  cannot  be  named  in^  verse  ;'  al- 
though  it  may  be  known  by  its  external  marks  {signis),  such  as 
the  selling  of  water,  and  the  excellence  of  its  bread.  This  town 
is  supposed  to  be  Equotuticum,  which  name  he  could  not  use  in 
hexameter  verse. 

84.  Venit :  '  is  sold.' 

85.  Ultra :  i.  e.  the  traveller  carried  this  bread  along  with  him, 
'beyond.' 

93.  Lymphis  iratis  exstnicta :  there  are  two  meanmgs  to  this 
expression;  one  that  the  town  was  built  in  despite  of  the  enraged 
waters ;  and  the  other,  that  its  inhabitants  were  lunatics  and  vis- 
ionaries.     Francis  has  expressed  it  thus : 

"  Then  water-curs'd  Egnatia  gave  us  joke, 

And  laughter  great,  to  hear  the  moon-struck  folk 

Assert,  if  incense  on  tlieir  altars  lay, 

Without  the  help  of  fire  it  melts  away." 

96.  JudcBus  Jlpella :  '  the  Jew  Apella.' 

97.  Deos :  the  Epicureans  believed  that  the  gods  did  not  con- 
cem  themselves  about  the  affairs  of  this  world. 

SATIRE  VT. 

In  this  satire  Horace  attempts  to  show  that  real  greatness  is 
quite  independent  of  external  circumstances  ;  and  that  true  no- 
bility  consists  in  personal  worth,  and  not  in  the  distinctions  of 
birt.h  and  family.  He  mentions  his  own  case  as  a  proof  that 
Mfficenas  selected  his  friends  for  their  personal  qualities,  since 
he  had  no  advantages  of  family  to  recommend  him.  And  he  pays 
a  grateful  tribute  to  the  memory  of  his  father,  for  having  tramed 


SATIRES.    BOOK  I.  289 

him  in  the  path  of  virtue,  and  instilled  those  principles  into  his 
mind  which  seem  to  have  laid  the  foundation  of  his  happiness. 

1.  JVb?i  quia  .  .  .  natum :  the  construction  is,  O  McEcenas,  non 
suspendis  adunco  naso,  ut  plerique  solent,  ignotos,  ut  me  natum 
lihertino  patre,  quia  nemo  Lydorum,  quidquid  Lydorum  incoluit 
Etruscosjines,  esi  generosior  te,  nec  quodfuit  tihi  maternus  atquepa- 
ternus  avus,  qui  olim  imperitarent  magnis  legionibus. — Lydorum 
.  .  .Jines :  '  of  all  the  Lydians  that  ever  settled  in  the  Etrurian 
territories.'  It  was  the  common  belief  tbat  the  first  settlers  of 
Etruria  were  from  Lydia.  The  poet  means  to  say,  O  Msecenas, 
though  yourself  of  the  noblest  origin,  both  on  your  father's  and 
your  mother's  side,  you  do  not,  like  most  men  of  high  extraction, 
look  with  contempt  upon  persons  of  obscure  birth. 

5.  JVon  naso  suspendis  adunco  :  '  you  do  not  sneer  at.' 

6.  Lihertino  :  lihertinus  originally  meant  the  son  of  a  freedman ; 
but  afterwards  both  lihertus  and  libertinus  were  used  to  signify  a 
freedman. 

9.  Ignobile  :  because  Servius  Tullius  was  born  of  a  female 
slave.     And  yet  by  his  own  merits  he  rose  to  sovereignt}^ 

12.  Contra,  Lcevinum  .  .  .  populo  :  '  whereas,  on  the  contrary, 
that  Lsevinus,  though  belonging  to  the  family  of  Valerius  Poplicola, 
who  helped  to  banish  Tarquin  the  Proud  from  his  kingdom,  was 
never  valued  at  more  than  one  penny,  even  by  the  Roman  people, 
whose  humor  you  know.' 

14.  Licuisse  :  i.  e.  oistimatum  esse.  Licere  was  a  word  used  at 
auctions  ;  as,  parvo  pretio  licet  (sc.  hahere  rem),  '  the  thing  is 
cheap ;'  and  is,  no  doubt,  here  used  in  its  original  sense.  • 

20.  Q^uam  Decio  . .  .  novo  :  i.  e.  than  to  a  man  like  Decius,  who 
had  risen  by  his  own  merits.  Moveret :  '  would  exclude  me,'  from 
the  senate. 

22.  Pelle  :  i.  e.  sorte,  or  conditione. 

24.  JVon  minus  .  .  .  generosis :  '  no  less  the  ignoble  than  the 
high-born.' 

24.  Qiib  tihi  .  .  .  tribuno  :  sc.  profuit ;  '  What  did  it  profit  you, 
Tullius,  to  resume  the  laticlave  you  had  put  off,  and  become  tri- 
bune  ?'  — Trihuno,  for  tribunum,  by  attraction  agreeing  with  tibi, 
after  the  manner  of  the  Greeks.  This  Tullius  was  of  low  birtli, 
and  had  been  compelled  to  relinquish  the  laticlave  by  Csesar,  be- 
cause  he  espoused  the  cause  of  Pompey  ;  bul;  after  the  death  of 
CsBsar  he  resumed  it. 

27.  Ut  quisque  .  .  .  pellibus :  '  when  any  one  is  so  crazy  as  to 
cover  half  his  leg  with  black  leather.'  The  buskins  worn  by  sen- 
ators  were  originally  black. 

30.  Barrus :  a  vain,  conceited  spendthrift,  who  wished  to  bc 
thought  handsome. 

38.  TSine  .  .  .  audes  :    '  dare  you,  the  son  of  a  Syrus,  a  Damas, 
or  a  Dionysius  ?'     These  are  the  names  of  slaves.— JE  saxo : 
•  down  frora  the  Tarpeian  rock.' 
25 


290  NOTES. 

39.  Cadmo  :  Cadmus  was  a  lictor,  who  acted  as  executioner, 
and  was  notorious  for  his  cruelty. 

40.  ^t  JS/ovius  .  .  .  meus  :  '  but  Novius,  my  colleague,  sits  one 
seat  below  me  ;  for  he  is  what  my  father  was  ;'  i.  e.  he  is  a  freed- 
man,  whereas  I  am  the  son  of  a  freedman,  and  consequently  one 
grade  above  him. 

41.  Hoc  .  .  .  videris  :  '  on  this  account  do  you  fancy  yourself  a 
Paulus  or  a  Massala  ?'  These  were  noblemen.  The  poet  asks 
this  question. 

42.  At  hic  .  .  .  iios  :  '  but  he,  if  two  hundred  drays  and  three 
funerals  should  meet  in  the  forum,  will  roar  so  loud  as  to  drown 
the  horns  and  trumpets  ;  this  at  least  pleases  us.'  By  putting 
these  words  into  the  mouth  of  the  individual  supposed  to  be 
arguing  with  the  tribune  to  whom  Novius  was  colleague,  the  poet 
would  insinuate  that  the  strength  of  his  lungs  was  the  chief  rec- 
ommendation  of  Novius  for  the  tribuneship,  and  that  he  was  lit 
only  for  a  crier. — Magna  sonabit :  '  will  utter  a  tremendous 
voice  :'  so  in  Virgil,  rauca  sonans  :  JE,.  ix.  125. 

51.  Pr(Bsertim  .  .  .  assumere  :  '  especially  since  you  are  so  cau- 
tious  in  selecting  the  deserving  only.' 

52.  Felicem :  '  lucky.'  There  was  no  chance  in  the  case  ;  his 
own  merit  obtained  him  the  place  he  held  in  the  esteem  of 
Maecenas. 

55.  Dixere  quid  essem  :  '  told  you  what  I  was  ;'  i.  e.  my  char- 
acter. 

58.  Circumvectari  :  divided  by  tmesis. 

59.  Satureiano  caballo  :  '  on  a  horse  of  Satureium.'  This  place 
was  famed  for  its  noble  breed  of  horses. 

68.  Mala  lustra :  '  haunts  of  impurity ;'  literally  lustra  means 
'  dens  of  wild  beasts ;'  here  it  is  used  figuratively,  for  places  of 
bad  repute. 

72.  Flavi :  Flavius  was  master  of  a  school  at  Venusia,  where 
Horace  was  born,  in  which  were  taught  reading,  Avriting,  and  arith- 
inetic. — Magni  qub  pueri :  this  is  burlesque. 

74.  Locvlos  :  satchels. — Tabidam  :  '  arithmetical  tables.' 

75.  Octonis  .  .  .  (era :  '  carrying  their  money  on  the  Ides.' — 
Octonis  :  the  Ides  were  cight  days  afler  the  Nones.  The  word 
seems  merely  expletive  here,  epitheton  ornans.     Doer. 

79.  jlvitd  ex  re  :  '  from  some  hereditary  estate.' 
81.  Jpse  mihi  custos  :  it  was  ciistomary  among  the  Roman  youth 
of  rank  and  fortune  to  have  a  prBdagogus,  or  attendant  slave,  to 
accompany  them  to  and  from  school.  These  were  oflen  faithless  ; 
and  Horace  could  hardly  have  paid  a  more  delicate  or  honorable 
tribute  to  the  memory  of  his  father,  than  is  contained  in  the  re- 
mark,  that  '  he  attended  him  personally  to  all  his  teachers,  as  a 
guardian  who  could  not  be  corrupted.' 

85.  J^ec  timuit  .  .  .  sequerer :  'nor  did  he  fear,  lest  any  one 
should  reproach  him,  if  in  after  life  I  should  follow  some  profes- 


SATIRES.    BOOK  I.  291 

sion  of  small  gains,  as  an  auctioneer  or  a  collector,  as  he  was  him- 
self ;'  i.  e.  should  reproach  him  for  having  given  me  an  education 
not  suited  to  my  condition. 

89.  Eoque  .  .  .  defendam  :  '  nor  will  I  so  excuse  myself,  as  many 
do,  by  saying  it  is  not  their  fault,  that  they  were  not  born  of  illus- 
t.rious  and  noble  parents.' 

95.  Adfastum  :  '  *o  suit  his  pride.' 

109.  Lasanum  :  'a  travelling  kitchen.' — (Enophorum  :  'wine 
jar.'  Tullius,  to  save  expense,  travelled  with  his  cooking  appara- 
tus  and  wine  jar,  which  his  slaves  carried. 

110.  Hoc :  sc.  modo  ;  '  in  this  way,'  I  live  more  at  my  ease  than 
you  and  a  thousand  others  of  senatorian  rank. 

114.  Assisto  divinis :  '  I  stop  and  hear  the  fortune-tellers.'' 
Men  of  rank  woukl  be  ashamed  to  be  seen  with  the  multitude 
around  the  diviners,  or  fortune-tellors  ;  but  Horace  was  not  afraid 
of  his  dignity,  and  could  follow  his  inclinations. 

120.  Oheundus  Marsya  :  for  Marsyas ;  there  was  a  statue  of 
Marsyas  in  the  forum,  near  the  Rostra,  where  the  judges,  lawyers, 
and  parties  interested,  assembled  to  decide  causes.  The  poet 
humorously  represents  the  statue  as  frowning  with  indignation 
at  the  sight  of  tlie  younger  of  the  Novii,  who,  from  a  slave,  was 
become  an  ofRcious  and  bustling  magistrate.  Some  suppose  the 
poet  refers  to  the  younger  of  two  notorious  usurers  who  pushed 
their  shameful  bargains  in  the  forum. 

122.  Lecto  aut  scripto  :  sc.  eo  ;  in  the  ablative. 

127.  Qiiantum  .  .  .  durare :  '  sufficient  to  prevent  hunger  dur- 
ing  the  day,'  i.  c.  till  evening,  when  the  Romans  indulged  freely. 


SATIRE  VII. 

While  Horace  was  military  tribune  in  the  army  of  Brutus, 
there  was  in  the  same  camp  one  Rupilius  Rex,  who,  jealous  of 
his  advanccment,  often  reproached  him  with  his  low  birth.  Our 
poet,  by  way  of  retaliation  for  this  insolence,  takes  occasion  to 
describe  to  Brutus  a  contest  that  happened  one  day  between  Rex 
and  one  Persius,  a  merchant,  who  was  there  for  the  purpose  of 
trade.  He  gives  the  whole  an  air  of  solemnity  which  heightens 
the  burlesque. 

1.  Proscripti  .  .  .  esse :  the  construction  is,  Opinor  notum  esse 
omnibus  et  lippis  et  tonsorihus,  quo  pacto  ibrida  Persius  ultus  sit 
pus  atque  venenum  proscripti  Rupili  Regis. — Proscripti  :  Rex  had 
been  proscribed  by  Augustus. 

2.  Ibrida  or  hyhrida  :  '  mongrel ;'  which  epithet  is  applied  to  Per- 
sius,  because  his  father  was  a  Greek  and  his  mother  an  Italian. 

5.  Clazomenis :  Clazomena^  was  a  city  of  Asia  Minor. 

8.  Sisenna^  :  Sisenna  and  Barrus  were  the  most  celebrated 
railers  in  Rome. — Alhis  :  white  horses  were  considered  tlie 
swiftest 


292  NOTES. 

9.  Postquam  . .  .fortes,  fyc. :  '  after  all  attempts  to  make  up  tlie 
breach  had  failed,  (for  all,  between  whom  there  happens  a  quar- 
rel,  are  obstinate  in  their  hostility  in  the  same  degree  that '  they 
are  brave,'  Sic.) 

19.  Rupili  .  .  .  pugnat:  'the  pair  Rupilius  and  Persius  enter 
the  lists.'  The  idiom  of  our  language  does  not  admit  of  a  literal 
translation  of  these  genitives  in  their  present  use. 

20.  Bacchius :  he  says  the  gladiators  '  Bacchius  and  Bithus  were 
not  more  equally  matched.'  They  always  put  to  death  Avhoever 
fought  Avith  them.  They  afterwards  engaged  each  other,  and  both 
expired  on  the  stage. 

25.  Canem:  'the  dog-star.' 

27.  Fertur  qub  rara  securis  :  '  where  the  axe  is  seldom  carried  ;' 
i.  e.  where  the  Avood  is  very  thick,  inasmuch  as  it  has  seldom,  if 
ever,  been  cut.  Persius,  choked  with  rage,  is  compared  to  a  win- 
ter  torrent  impeded  by  the  brush  and  trees  in  its  course. 

28.  Tiim  .  .  .  cuculum:  'then  Rupilius  of  Prseneste  directs 
against  his  cutting  and  very  fluent  adversary  invectives  drawn 
from  the  Ioav  raillery  of  the  vineyard,  like  a  coarse  and  invincible 
vintager,  to  whom  the  passenger,  when  calling  him  cuckoo  with  all 
his  strength,  has  often  been  obliged  to  yield.' 

29.  Expressa  arhusto  :  i.  e.  drawn  from  the  coarse  raillery  of 
the  vineyard.  The  vines  grew  upon  trees  bcside  the  road  ;  and 
those  who  went  up  to  gather  the  grapes  were  exposed  to  the  jibes 
of  travellers,  which  were  commonly  retorted  upon  them.  This 
custom  of  training  vines  upon  trees  still  prevails  in  most  parts 
of  modern  Italy.  The  vines  hang  in  graceful  festoons  from  tree 
to  tree  at  some  rods  distance  from  each  other,  and  are  often  made 
to  assume  fanciful  forms  of  much  variety  and  beauty. 

31.  Cuculum:  the  lazy  and  thievish  habits  of  the  cuckoo 
have  rendered  the  name  of  this  bird  a  term  of  reproach  in  most 
languages.  The  European  cuckoo  builds  for  itself  no  nest,  but 
drops  its  eggs  into  the  nests  of  other  birds,  and  leaves  them  and 
the  care  of  its  young  to  chance.  But  this  is  not  true  of  the  Ameri- 
can  cuckoo,  which  builds  its  own  nest  and  supports  its  young  like 
other  birds.— Wilson's  Ornithology. 

34.  Reges  .  .  .  tollere  :  Brutus  had  only  shared  in  killing  Csesar, 
but  his  ancestor,  Lucius  Junius  Brutus,  had  expelled  thc  Tarquins. 

SATIRE  VIII. 

The  poet  introduces  Priapus,  overseer  of  gardens,  complaining 
against  the  sorceresses  Canidia  and  Sagana,  and  describing  their 
secret  enchantments  and  their  diabolical  practices.  His  object  is 
to  ridicule  the  superstitions  of  the  times. 

3.  Mcduit  esse  deum  :  'concluded  to  make  a  god  of  me.'  VVhen 
the  artificer  found  tlie  inutile  lignum  unfit  even  for  a  stool  to  sit 
upon,  he  made  a  god  of  it.  This  is  satire  indeed  upon  the  my- 
thology  of  his  country. 


SATIRES.    BOOK  I.  293 

4.  Dextra :  the  image  held  a  cane  or  club  in  its  right  hand,  and 
a  crown  or  bunch  of  reeds  was  fastened  on  its  head,  which  by 
rattling  frightened  away  the  birds. 

6.  .Novis :  Msecenas  had  lately  built  a  palace  and  laid  out  ex- 
tensive  gardens  on  the  Esquiline  Hill,  formerly  the  common  bury- 
ing-ground  for  slaves  and  other  poor. 

7.  Jlngustis  .  .  .  cellis :  the  bodies  of  the  poor  were  in  times 
past  brought  here  from  their  narrow  cells,  or  huts,  by  their  fellow 
slaves. 

10.  Pantolaho :  Pantolabus  and  Nomentanus  were  both  still 
living  ;  but  as  they  had  squandered  away  their  estates  in  dissipa- 
tion,  Horace  appoints  a  burial-place  for  them  with  the  lowest  of 
the  rabble. 

11.  Cippus :  when  ground  was  set  aside  for  any  use,  it  was 
customary  for  the  dimensions  to  be  marked  on  a  piUar  set  up,  for 
the  purpose,  on  its  margin.  In  this  instance,  the  dimensions 
marked  on  the  cippus  were  one  thousand  feet  in  front  and  three 
hundred  in  depth  towards  the  field ;  with  the  additional  clause 
that  this  ground  should  never  revert  to  the  heirs  of  the  estate. 

12.  Hfsredes  .  .  .  sequeretur :  '  that  this  burying-ground  should 
never  revert  to  the  heirs  of  the  estate.' 

14.  Qiio  .  .  .  agrum  :  '  from  which,  but  lately,  men  beheld  the 
field  deformed  and  white  with  human  bones.' 

16.  Qim7n  .  .  .  aninios :  '  although  thieves  and  beasts  of  prey, 
accustomed  to  infest  this  region,  were  not  so  vexatious  to  me  as 
those  hags,  who  by  their  enchantments  and  poisons  disturb  the 
minds  of  people.'  After  quantiim,  understand  venejicce,  sunt. 
Priapus  uses  the  present  tense,  although  speaking  of  the  state  of 
things  on  Esquilise  prior  to  the  improvements  recently  raade 
by  MaBcenas  ;  or  perhaps  at  the  time  of  their  commencement. 

24.  Cum  Sagand  majore  :  '  with  Sagana  the  elder.'  There 
were  two  sisters  of  this  name. 

30.  Lanea :  the  image  '  of  wool'  represented  the  person  whom 
the  sorceresses  favored;  that  'of  wax,'  the  intended  victim  of  the 
charm.  The  waxen  image  melted,  as  indicative  of  their  conquest 
over  the  person  it  represented. 

31.  Sei'vilihus  .  .  .  modis  :  '  in  a  servile  posture,  and  as  if  already 
about  to  pcrish.' 

36.  Mentior  at  si  quid:  'but  if  I  misrepre^sent  anything.' 

38.  Pediatia :  to  express  his  contempt  for  the  effeminacy  of 
Pediatius,  Horace  gives  him  the  feminine  gender. 

41.  Lupi  .  .  .  coluhras,:  'the  hair  of  a  wolf  and  the  tooth  of  a 
spotted  snake.' 

44.  Voces  .  .  .  duarum :  '  at  the  words  and  actions  of  these  two 
Puries.' 

46.  Diffisd :   the  wood,  not  being  perfectly  dry,  was  split  by 
the  heat  of  the  fire  with  a  loud  crack,  which  frightened  the 
witches,  and  they  ran  off  in  great  terror. 
25* 


294  NOTES. 

48.  Incantata  lacertis  vincula :  '  enchanted  bracelets.'     Canidia 
lost  her  teeth,  and  Sagana  her  false  hair  and  bracelets. 


SATIRE  IX. 

The  class  of  impertinent  obtruders  described,  and  most  happily 
hit  off,  in  this  satire,  is  too  numerous  to  be  unknown  to  any,  and 
too  great  a  nuisance  not  to  be  detested  by  all.  The  poet  gives 
a  humorous  account  of  a  felloAv  who  accidentally  met  him  in  his 
walk,  and  whom  he  found  it  impossible  to  shake  ofF. 

1.  Vid  Sacrd :  this  was  the  street  through  which  triumphal 
processions  passed  to  the  Capitol. 

2.  Totus  in  illis :  '  wholly  absorbed  in  them.' 

5.  Suaviter  .  .  .  est:  '  pretty  well,  at  present.' 

6.  Quum  .  .  .  occupo  :  '  when  he  would  follow,  "  Is  there  any- 
thing  you  wish  of  me  ?"  I  ask.'  JVum  quid  vis  ?  this  was  a  form 
of  taking  leave,  when  one  did  not  wish  to  appear  too  abrupt  in 
quitting  another. — Occupo,  for  prcBoccupo,  i.  e.  I  ask  before  he 
can  begin  a  set  speech  at  me. 

7.  JVoris  .  .  .  sumus :  sc.  velim  ut ;  '  but  he  replies,  "I  wish 
you  to  be  acquainted  with  me  ;  I  am  a  man  of  letters."  ' 

10.  Puero  :  '  to  my  servant  boy.' 

11.  Cercftri /e/ice»i :' happy  of  temperament.'  He  congratulates 
Bolanus,  who  was  of  a  quick  and  irritable  temper,  on  his  faculty 
of  getting  rid  of  such  felloAvs  at  once. 

15.  Sed  nil  agis  :  '  but  you  w^ill  not  succeed.' 
18.  Cubat  is  :  '  he  lies  sick,'  or  '  he  is  confined  to  his  bed.' 
20.  IniqufB  meniis :  '  dicontented.' 

24.  Qiiis  .  .  .  canto :  '  who  can  dance  more  gracefully  ?  and 
Hermogenes  himself  would  envy  my  singing.' 

28.  Omnes  composui :  '  I  have  buried  them  all.' 

29.  Sahella  .  .  .  urnd:  'whicha  Sabine  fortune-teller  predicted 
to  me  when  a  boy,  the  old  woraan  liaving  shaken  her  magic  urn.' 
Letters  and  words  were  put  into  an  urn,  which  was  then  well 
shaken ;  and  the  fortune  was  inferred  from  the  arrangement  these 
assumed  on  being  thrown  out. 

33.   Qiiandocunque :  separated  by  tmesis  ;  '  one  day.' 

35.  M   Vest(B  :  sc.  templum. 

36.  Respondere  vadato  :  '  to  answer  to  his  bail.'  If  he  failed, 
he  forfeited  the  penalty  of  his  recognizance. 

38.  Inteream  .  .  .  jura  :  '  may  I  die,  if  I  am  able  to  stand  advo- 
cate,  or  have  any  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  the  state.'  This  seema 
to  be  the  meaning  of  stare ;  though  several  conmientators  consider 
it  used  in  its  literal  sense,  and  understand  the  poet  to  say  that  he 
is  unable  to  stand  through  a  trial  in  a  court  of  justice. 

41.  Me,  sodes :  '  me,  I  pray,'  Horace  replies,  wishing  to  shake 
hlm  off.   Sodes  is  a  contraction  for  si  audes. 

43.  M(£cenas  quomodo  tecum :   '  on  what  footing  are  you  with 


SATIRES.    BOOK  I.  295 

Maecenas  ?'     The  fellow  here  lets  out  his  object  in  thus  pursuing 
Horace,  namely,  his  desire  to  be  introduced  to  Msecenas. 

44.  Paucorum  sancE, :  '  he  has  few  intimates,  and  is  very  judi- 
cious  in  his  selection  of  them.' 

46.  Secundas  :  sc.  pai-tes  ;  '  the  second  place.' 

47.  Hunc  .  .  .  omnes :  '  if  you  are  willing  to  introduce  me ; 
may  I  die  if  you  don't  supplant  all  your  rivals.'  Summosses  for 
summovisses. 

54.  Velis  .  .  .  expugnabis  :  '  you  have  only  to  wish  it ;  with 
such  merit  you  cannot  fail  of  success.' 

64.  Lentissima  :  i.  e.  apparently  without  feeling. 

69.  Tricesima  sabbata :  '  the  thirtieth  sabbath.'  The  Jewish 
Passover  commenced  on  the  thirtieth  sabbath  of  their  year,  wliich 
began  on  the  first  of  September.  This  festival  lasted  eight  days, 
and  was  kept  so  strictly  on  the  two  first  and  two  last  days,  that  it 
was  unlawful  even  to  speak  of  business  or  secular  concerns. — 

Vin^ :  for  visne. 

70.  Curtis  JudcBis  oppedere:  ^to  offendthe  circumcisediJe-ws.'' 

72.  Hunccine  solem  tam  nigrum :  i.  e.  "  diem  tam  infaustum." 
Doer. 

76.  lAcet  antestari :  '  will  you  witness  the  arrest  ?'  This  was  ad- 
dressed  to  Horace. 

77.  Oppono  auriculam :  '  I  offer  my  ear ;'  i.  e.  to  be  touched. 
This  was  the  form  observed  in  taking  a  person  to  witness,  as  an 
admonition  for  him  to  recoUect  it.  When  a  rnan  had  given  bail  in 
a  court  of  justice,  if  he  neglected  to  appear  at  the  time  appointed, 
he  might  be  taken  by  force  before  the  praitor,  but  not  before  some 
one  had  witnessed  the  arrest,  who  must  do  it  voluntarily. 


SATIRE  X. 

Lucilius  had  numerous  admirers  in  Rome,  who  were  greatly 
disobliged  by  the  freedom  and  severity  with  which  he  was  treat- 
ed  in  the  fourth  satire  of  this  book.  Horace  was  determined  to 
support  his  own  judgment ;  and,  instead  of  making  an  apology, 
justifies  with  all  his  strength  what  he  before  had  said. 

1.  JVempe  .  .  .  Lucili :  'it  is  true,  I  did  say  that  the  verses  of 
Lucilius  were  unfinished;'  i.  e.  I  said  so  in-Satire  IV. 

3.  Atidem  .  .  .  eddem  :  '  and  yet  he  is  praised  in  the  same  satire 
for  chastising  the  city  with  much  lively  wit.' — Sale  defricuit :  '  rub- 
bed  with  salt.' 

6.  Laberi  mimos  :  '  the  farces  of  Laberius.'  These  were  full  of 
broad  humor. 

14.  Ridiculum  .  .  .  res :  *  eveu  in  things  of  much  importance, 
ridicule  often  cuts  more  deeply  and  successfully  than  the  strong- 
est  reasoning.' — Acri  :  sc.  argumento. 

16.  Hli :  '  those  men.' — Quibus  . . .  viris  est:  *  by  whom  the  an- 
cient  comedy  was  written.' 


296  NOTES. 

17.  Hocstabant:  'relied  on  this.' 

18.  Simius  iste :  some  ridiculous  performer,  commonly  sup- 
posed  to  be  Demetrius. 

21.  O  seri  studiorum :  'late  in  learnmg,' ignorant. —  Quine  pU' 
tetis  :  '  how  can  you  think.' 

22.  Rhodio  quod  PitJwleonti :  '  which  could  be  done  by  the 
Rhodian  Pitholeon.' 

24.  JVota  :  the  mark  showing  the  kind  and  the  age  of  any  wine. 
JVota  Falerni  means  here  '  Falernian  wine.'  Falernian  wine 
was  rough,  and  Ohian  soft. 

25.  Qiium  versus  .  .  .  bilinguis :  '  I  ask  yourself  whether,  in  po- 
etr^  '^nly)  or  also,  when  you  have  the  difficult  cause  of  an  accus- 
ed  Petillius  to  plead,  forgetting  your  country  and  Roman  father, 
you  would  intermingle  with  your  mother  ton^ue  words  of  a  foreign 
language,  after  the  manner  of  a  double-tongued  Canusian ;  while 
Pedius  Poplicola  and  Corvinus  labor  their  causes  with  such  criti- 
cal  accuracy?'  This  question  is  calculatedto  show  tlie  absurdity 
of  his  adversary's  commendation  of  the  style  of  Lucilius,  who  con- 
siders  it  a  great  beauty  in  his  writings  that  he  intersperses  Greek 
words  with  his  Latin.  Petillius  was  accused  of  having  stolen  a 
golden  crown  from  the  statue  of  Jupiter  Capitolinus. 

30.  Bilinguis  :  the  inhabitants  of  Canusium  were  a  mixture  of 
Greeks  and  Latins,  and  spoke  the  language  of  neither  correctly, 
but  a  jargon  made  up  of  both. 

31.  JVafus  mare  citra:  'born  this  side  of  the  sea;'  i.  e.  not  in 
Greece,  but  in  Italy. 

36.  Turgidus  .  .  .  caput :  '  whilst  bombastic  Alpinus  murders 
Memnon,  and  describes  the  source  of  the  Rhine  as  muddy,'  or 
makes  the  river  god  with  a  head  of  mud.  Alpinus  had  written 
a  tragedy  called  Memnon,  from  the  hero  of  it,  whom  our  satirist 
represents  as  murdered  a  second  time  by  the  miserable  descrip- 
tion  of  his  contest  with  Achilles,  given  by  Alpinus.  Another 
amusing  blunder  is  exposed,  where  Alpinus  represents  the  source 
of  the  Rhine,  which  fiows  from  the  glaciers  of  Mount  St.  Gcthard, 
to  be  muddy ! 

37.  HrEc  ego  ludo  :  '  I  amuse  myself  by  writing  these  satires.' 

38.  Qii(B  .  . .  Tarpd :  '  which  will  not  be  recited  in  the  temple 
of  Apollo  for  the  palm  of  excellence  before  Tarpa  as  judge.' 
Augustus  appointed  five  judges,  of  whom  Metius  Tarpa  was  one, 
to  hear  the  pieces  and  dlstribute  prizes  for  poetical  excellence  ; 
and  also  to  determine  what  pieces  should  be  spoken  on  the  stage. 
The  recital  was  commonly  in  the  temple  of  ApoUo,  built  by  Au- 
gustus,  and  furnished  with  a  library. 

40.  ArgutA  .  .  .  Fiindani :  the  construction  is,  O  Fundani, 
tu  unus  vivorum  coniis  potes  garrirc  libellos,  argutd  meretrice  Da- 
voque  eludente  senem  Chremcta.  This  alludes  to  a  scene  in  Ter- 
ence's  Andria :  where  an  artful  courtesan  and  Davus,  a  slave, 
dupe  the  miser  Chremes. 

43.  Pede  ter  percusso  :  i.  e.  in  iambics  ;    called  trimeter,  in 


SATIRES.     BOOK  I.     10.  297 

which,  there  being  three  metres  to  each  verse,  the  time  was 
marked  by  three  stanips  of  the  musician's  tbot,  one  after  each 
metre.—  FoHe  .  .  .  ducit :  '  the  spirited  Varius  conducts  the  manly 
Epic  in  a  style  that  none  can  equal.' 

^46.  Hoc.  .  .  ininor:  sc.  genus  scribendi :  'this  was  the  kind  of 
writing  which,  after  it  had  been  in  vain  attempted  by  Atacinian 
Varro^and  certain  others,  I  was  able  to  follow  with  better  success  ; 
though  inferior  to  the  inventor.' 

48.  Inventore  minor :  Lucilio ;  Horace  acknowledged  Lu- 
cilius  to  be  the  inventor  of  satire,  and  in  that  species  of  writing 
his  superior. 

50.  Hunc  :  i.  e.  Lucilius. 

54.  JVon  ridet .  .  .  minores  :  '  does  he  not  laugh  at  the  poetry  of 
Ennius,  as  wanting  in  dignity  ?' 

55.  JVon  ut  .  .  .  reprensis  :  '  not  as  superior  to  those  censured.' 
57.   qiioirere  .  .  .  ccenatus :    '  to  examine  whether  his  own  ge- 

nius,  or  the  difficult  nature  of  the  subjects  he  writes  upon,  has  de-^ 
nied  him  more  finished  and  more  smoothly-flowing  verses ;  as  if 
any  one,  satisfied  with  this  simply,  the  putting  of  anything  into 
hexameters,  should  pride  himself  on  having  written  two  hundred 
verses  before  supper,  and  as  many  after  it.' 

63.  Capsis  .  .  .  propriis :  '  whom  report  makes  to  haye  been 
burnt  with  his  own  books  and  book-cases.'     See  Class.  Dict. 

66.  Quam  .  .  .  auctor :  sc.  Ennius ;  '  than  Ennius,  the  author 
(writer)  of  a  rude  kind  of  poetry  unknoAvn  to  the  Greeks.'  Auctor 
cannot  refer  to  Lucilius,  the  inventor  of  satire,  as  Heindorf  and 
others  have  supposed  ;  as  the  passage,  after  the  words sedille,  does 
not  agree  with  his  character.  Auctor  means  scriptor ;  and  the 
passage  refers  to  Ennius. 

72.  Stylum  vertas :  i.  e.  invert  the  stylus  to  erase  words  with 
the  flat  end,  so  formed  for  the  purpose  of  erasing,  and  smoothing 
the  wax  on  which  they  wrote. 

75.  Dictari  :  i.  e.  be  dictated  by  schoolmasters  to  their  pupils  in 
petty  schools.  Before  the  art  of  printing  was  invented,  as  the 
Avork  of  transcribing  was  slow,  the  copies  of  books  were  scarce  ; 
and  teachers  read  aloud  to  their  scholars  such  passages  as  they 
wished  them  to  write  down  and  commit  to  memory. 

76.  Kam  satis  .  .  .  dixit :  '  it  is  sufficient  for  me  if  the  knights 
applaud,  as  said  the  bold  Arbuscula,  when  hissed  oflf  the  stage, 
despising  the  rabble.'     She  was  a  celebrated  comedian. 

78.  Cimex  :  '  disgusting.' 

79.  Absentem  :  sc.  me. 

82;  Octavius:  this  was  an  eminent  poet  and  historian.  Au- 
gustus  had  ceased  to  be  called  Octavius. 

84.  Ainbitione  relegatd  :  '  free  from  all  arts  to  gain  favor.' 

88.  Quibus  .  .  .  velim :  '  whom  I  hope  these  my  writings,  such 
as  they  are,  may  please.' 

92.  Puer :  '  secretary;'  add  this  satire  to  what  I  have  before 
written  on  this  subject. 


298  NOTES. 


BOOK    II. 


SATIRE  I. 

This  satire  contains  a  dialogue  between  Horace  and  Trebatius, 
an  eminent  counsellor  and  a  distinguished  scholar.  The  puet 
asks  the  advice  of  Trebatius.  who  counsels  him  to  give  up  the 
writing  of  satires,  as  calculated  to  render  him  odious ;  and  to 
celebrate  the  achievements  of  Augustus.  Horace  refuses  to  follow 
his  advice,  saying  that  he  was  not  qualified  for  so  high  a  subject ; 
but  that  he  must  write  something,  and  as  he  liked  satire,  and  as 
no  one  had  any  right  to  be  displeased  with  him  for  satirizing 
vices,  if  he  lived  correctly  himself,  he  should  go  on  writing  in 
this  way. 

4.  Deduci  posse  :  '  could  be  spun  out.' 

7.  Tei'  .  .  .  Tiheriin :  '  having  anointed  themselves,  let  thera 
swim  thrice  across  the  Tiber.'  This  prescription  is  very  properly 
given  in  the  imperative  mode. 

16.  Scnbe)'e  :  '  describe  and  praise.' 

17.  Scipiadam  .  .  .  Lucilius :  '  as  discreet  Lucilius  praised 
Scipio  for  these  virtues  ;'  i.  e.  Scipio  Africanus. 

20.  Cui  .  .  .  tutus  :  '  whom  if  you  caress  unskilfully,  he  resents 
it,  and  is  wholly  inaccessible.'  A  metaphor  taken  from  spirited 
horses,  which  are  pleased  to  be  caressed  by  a  skilful  hand,  but 
wince  and  kick  if  handled  clumsily. 

24.  Saltat .  .  .  lucernis :  '  Milonius  falls  to  dancing  as  soon  as 
his  head  gets  heated  with  wine,  and  the  lamps  appear  to  him 
double.' 

26.  Ovo  prognatus  eodem  :  i.  e.  PoUux. 

29.  JVostjnim  melioris  utroque :  '  who  can  do  more  than  both  of 
us,'  in  this  kind  of  writing. 

33.  Veluti  descripta  :  'as  if  painted.'  Events  in  persons' lives 
were  often  painted,  and  consecrated  in  a  temple  to  some  god. 
Such  a  piece  was  called  tahella  votiva.  , 

34.  Sequor  hunc  :  by  a  satirical  imitation  of  Lucilius,  who  of^n 
digressed  into  remarks  about  himself,  Horace  here  gives  an  ac- 
count  of  his  own  extraction. 

39.  Sed  hic  .  .  .  animantem :  '  but  my  pen  shall  never  wantonly 
attack  any  living  being.' 

44.  At  illej  qui  me  commorit,  Jlehit :  '  but  he,  who  sliall  irritate 
me,  will  repent  it.' 

46.  Insignis :  i.  e.  held  up  to  ridicule  by  me. 

47.  Urnam:  the  judges  cast  their  votes  of  acquittal  or  of  con- 
demnation  into  an  urn. 

48.  Albuti :  this  Albutius  is  said  to  have  poisoned  his  own  wife. 


SATIRES.    BOOK  11.  2.  299 

49.  Turius :  a  revengeful  magistrate,  who  commonly  threat- 
ened  his  enemies  with  the  loss  of  their  suit  if  it  came  before 
him. 

51.  Sic  collige  mecum:  'infer  with  me  from  what  foUows.' 

53.  Sc(P.v(B  .  .  .  nepoti :  '  to  profligate  Scsva.'  This  was  an 
unprincipled  spendthrifl,  who  was  said  to  have  poisoned  his  own 
mother,  because  she  lived  longer  than  he  wished. 

57.  JVe  longum  faciam  :  '  to  be  short.' 

60.  Ut  sis  vitalis  metuo  :  '  I  fear  that  you  are  not  long-lived ;' 
i.  e.  that  you  are  not  in  the  favor  of  the  great. —  Ut  metuo :  see 
Lat.  Gram.   R.  LX.  Obs.  7. 

62.  Frigore  teferiat :  '  may  chill  you  to  death  by  a  look.' 

65.    Qui :  Scipio  Africanus. 

67.  Ingenio  offensi :  '  offended  by  the  satirical  vein' of  Lucilius .? 
Metellus  and  Lupus  were  satirized  by  Lucilius. 

68.  Atqui  .  .  .  amicis  :  '  but  he  attacked  the  nobles  and  the 
people  tribe  after  tribe  ;  in  short,  he  spared  virtue  alone  and  vir- 
tue's  friends.' 

69.  Trihutim  :  i.  e.  "  per  singulas  tribus."     Doer. 

70.  Uni  cBquus  virtuti  :  '  sparing  virtue  only.' 

71.  Quin  .  .  .  soliti :  '  and  yet  this  brave  Scipio,  and  this  mild 
and  wise  Lselius,  when  they  retired  in  private  from  the  vulgar 
and  the  scene  of  public  life,  were  wont  to  unbend  and  to  sport  with 
Lucilius  without  restraint,  while  their  dinner  of  herbs  was  cook- 
ing.' 

77.  Hlidere  dentem  :  '  to  fasten  his  teeth  ;'  alluding  to  the  fable 
of  the  viper  and  the  file. 

79.  Diffindere  :  '  refute.' 

83.  Si  quis  mala :  the  term  mala^  in  the  law  just  cited  by  Tre- 
batius,  means  '  slanderous,'  'libellous;'  which  Horace  perverts 
to  'badly  made  ;'  having  nothing  to  answer  seriously. 

86.  Solventur  risu  tabulce.  .  .  .  abibis  :  '  the  indictment  will  be 
quashed  with  a  laugh,  and  you  acquitted.' 


SATIRE  II. 

The  advantages  of  temperate  living,  in  its  effects  both  on  the 
body  and  the  mind,  are  set  forth  in  this  sg.tire  with  much  truth 
and  simplicity.  They  are  represented  as  coming  from  an  un- 
lettered  peasant,  who  delivers  them  without  affectation,  as  the  re- 
sult  of  his  own  experience  and  observation. 

1.  Boni  :  '  my  good  friends.' 

2.  Ofellus :  Horace,  being  an  Epicurean,  has  very  judiciously 
put  these  remarks  into  the  mouth  of  Ofellus,  a  countryman  of 
sound  sense  and  practical  wisdom. 

3.  Ahnormis  .  .  .  Minerva :  '  a  philosopher  unshackled  by  rules, 
and  with  an  uncultivated  genius.' 

5.  Acies :  '  the  eye.' 


300  NOTES. 

7.  Impransi :  i.  e.  non  inter  magniflcas  epulas. 

n.  r/lssuetum  Grcecain :  'accustomed  to  indulge  in  Grecian 
games.' — Seu  pila  .  .  .  agit :  '  whether  the  swifl  tennis-ball,  or  the 
quoit  tempts  you,  the  interest  of  the  game  insensibly  beguiling 
the  severe  exercise  of  it.'  The  meaning  is,  If  you  prefer  tehnis, 
play  at  that ;  or  if  you  like  quoits  better,  throw  the  quoit ;  or  do 
anything  that  will  givc  exercise  to  the  body,  and  you  will  not  want 
an  appetite,  or  require  delicacies. 

13.  Cedentem :  '  yielding.' 

15.  Sperne  :  sc.  si  potes. — Mella  .  .  .  diluta :  by  hypallage,  for 
Falemum  melle  dilutum. 

17.  Defendens :  '  protecting,'  when  the  sea  is  boisterous,  it  pro- 
tects  the  fishcs  from  being  caught. 

20.  Pulmentaria :  '  delicious  sauces.' 

21.  Pinguem  vitiis  albumque :  '  bloated  with  luxury,  and  pale 
with  disease.' 

22.  Scarus  .  .  .  lagois :  the  former  was  a  fish,  and  the  latter,  a 
foreign  bird,  not  known  now ;  each  a  great  delicacy. 

25.  Vanis  :  sc.  imaginibus  :  '  by  vain  appearances.' 
29.  Carne  .  .  .  patet :  the  construction  is,  Tamen  quamvis  illa 
caro  pavonis  niliil  magis  distat  [i.  e.  nullo  modo  excellit,  vd  differt] 
ab  hac  carne  gallinse,  sed  patet  te  deceptum  esse  imparibus  formis. 
31.  Unde  .  .  .  Tusci:  '  how  can  you  distinguish  by  the  taste 
whether  this  pike  be  from  the  Tiber,  or  the  sea ;  whether  it  was 
caught  between  the  bridges,  or  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tiber  .^' — Hiet : 
for  sit,  '  may  be  :'  or  literally,  '  may  gasp.'  Epicures  pretended 
they  could  tell  whether  a  fish  were  taken  from  the  river,  or 
the  sea;  and  even  that  there  was  a  difference  between  those 
caught  up  the  Tiber,  where  the  stream  runs  fast,  and  those  taken 
near  its  mouth,  where  the  water  is  more  languid.  Those  caught 
between  the  Milvian  and  the  Sublician  bridges  (pontes  inter  jac- 
tatus),  were  esteemed  the  best ;  as  the  river  was  there  most  rapid. 

37.  His :  i.  e.  to  the  mullets. 

38.  Magnum :  sc.  mullum. 

40.  Coquite:  'taint.' 

41.  Putet :  '  are  nauseous.' — Malaropia:  '  hurtful  plenty.' 

44.  Pauperies  :  'cheap  fare.' — Vilibus  :  'cheap.' 

45.  Haud  .  .  .  infamis  :  *  it  is  not  so  very  long  ago  that  the  ta- 
ble  of  the  crier  Gallonius  was  rendered  scandalous  by  having  a 
sturo-eon  served  on  it ;'  i.  e.  it  was  considered  scandalous  for  one  in 
the  humble  condition  of  Gallonius  to  indulge  in  such  a  luxury.  This 
refers  to  the  change  in  the  taste  of  the  community,  which  had  let 
the  sturgeon  go  wholly  out  of  repute,  and  had  adopted  the  mullct. 

49.  Auctor  .  .  .  prcetorius :  when  Asinius  Sempronius  Rufus 
was  candidate  for  the  proetorship,  he  caused  a  dish  oi" young  storks 
to  be  served  up  for  his  guests.  The  people  revenged  the  death 
of  the  poor  birds  by  refusing  the  praetorship  to  their  destroyer. 
The  poet  humorously  styles  him  prfBtorius. 

51.  Pravi  docilis :  '  easily  taught  depravity.' 


SATIRES.    BOOK  II.  301 

52.  Sordidus  . .  .  distabit :  '  a  mean  and  sordid  manner  of  living 
will  widely  differ  from  a  frugal  one.' 
56.  Est :  '  eats  ;'  from  edo. 

58.  Licehit :  for  quamvis,  or  licet ;  *  althongh.' 

59.  Repotia :  '  a  marriage  feast ;'  given  the  day  after  the  wed- 
ding,  a  repetition  of  festivity. 

60.  Alhatus :  the  Romans  always  appeared  in  white  togas  on 
public  occasions. — Cornu  ipse  bilihri :  he  is  afraid  to  trust  his 
servants  or  his  guests  with  his  oil  flask ;  for  fear  they  should  use  it 
too  profusely.  He  keeps  his  oil  in  a  horn  that  held  two  pounds,  his 
whole  stock,  and  pours  it  on  {instillat)  drop  by  drop  {ipse)  himself. 

63.  Hdc  .  .  .  aiunt :  '  on  this  side  presses  the  wolf,  on  that,  the 
dog,  as  the  saying  is ;'  a  proverbial  expression  when  dangers 
threaten  on  either  side. 

65.  In  neutram  . .  .  miser :  i.  e.  neither  in  avarice,  nor  in  prodi- 

gality. 

66.  Dum  munia  didit :  '  whilst  he  assigns  their  duties.' 

67.  SfBvus:  'too  stncV—Simplex  :  '  too  negligent.'— f/nc<«m 
aquam :  '  greasy  water.'  Some  understand  perfumed  water,  as,  in 
modern  times,Cologne  water  is  used  for  washing  the  face  and  hands. 

72.  At  simul  .  . .  elixa :  '  but  as  soon  as  you  mix  boiled  and 
roasted  together.' 

76.  Ccend  .  .  .  dubid :  '  fromavarious  and  costly  supper;'  where 
there  is  such  a  variety  of  dishes  as  to  make  one  at  a  loss  {dubius) 
which  to  use. 

89.  Qiibd  hospes  .  .  .  consumeret :  i.  e.  because  they  had  rath- 
er  that  a  guest  coming  unexpectedly  should  eat  part  of  it  with 
them,  though  rather  musty,  than  greedily  to  devour  the  whole 
at  once  whilst  sweet. 

93.  QiicB  .  .  .  humanam ;  sc.  fama ;  '  which  charms  the  ear 
more  sweetly  than  music  ;'  i.  e.  fame,  or  reputation,  does  this. 

98.  Jure,  inquit,  Trausius :  some  rich,  kixurious  man  is  supposed 
to  reply,  "  This  kind  of  preaching  will  do  very  well  for  Trau- 
sius ;  but  I  have  income  and  riches  sufficient  for  three  kings." 
Trausius  was  a  sensualist  and  a  spendthrift. 

100.  Ergo  .  .  .possis:  'is  there  then  no  way  in  which  thou 
canst  better  expend  thy  superfluous  v/ealth  ?' 

102.  Indignus  :  *  not  deserving  to  suffer  privation.' 

113.  Metato :  this  farm,  formerly  the  property  of  Ofellus,  was 
among  the  confiscated  estates,  and  had  been  '  measured  out'  to 
the  veteran  soldiers  of  Augustus,  in  the  same  manner  as  those  of 
Virgil,  Propertius,  Tibullus,  and  others. 

114.  Mercede  colonum :  i.  e.  Ofelkis  hired  the  land  that  was 
formerly  his  own,  and  paid  a  price  for  the  same  to  Umbrenus,  to 
whom  it  fell  in  the  distribution  of  the  lands. 

115.  Temere:  '  without  good  reason.' — Luce  profestd  :  'on  a 
working  day.'  Ofellus  retains  his  cheerfulness,  after  his  reverse  of 
fortune ;  and  is  here  represented  as  giving  to  his  children  an  ac- 
count  of  his  mode  of  living,  when  he  was  in  good  circumstances,  and 

26 


302  NOTES. 

lord  of  the  farm  he  now  cultivates  for  another.  "  Even  then,"  he 
says,  "  I  did  not  on  a  working  day,  without  some  good  reason,  in- 
dulge  in  eating  any  thing  better  than  greens  with  a  hock  of  smoked 
bacon."  But  if  a  friend  came  to  visit  him,  he  always  had  some- 
thing  to  set  before  him,  and  then  they  indulged  in  a  social  glass 
after  dinner,  according  to  their  inclination. 

121.  Duplice :  "  intellige  ficus  bifidas  ;  ficus  enim  in  duas  partes 
divisse  siccabantur,  et  tunc  aridsB  in  mensa  secunda  apponebantur." 
Doer. 

122.  Cuppd  .  .  .  magistrd:  i.  e.  to  drink  as  he  pleased, 
without  restraint.  The  Romans  commonly  had  a  drinking  mas- 
ter,  or  king  of  the  feast,  who  prescribed  the  rules  by  which  they 
were  to  drink.  Here  the  Avine-cask  was  the  only  master,  and  it 
gave  to  each  what  he  pleased  to  drink.  There  are  various  read- 
ings  ;  as  culpd  and  cupd ;  and  various  glosses  to  this  passage. 

127.  JVituistis :  '  have  you  fared.' — Ut :  '  since.' — JVovus  incola : 
i.  e.  Umbrenus. 

SATIRE  IIL 

This  satire,  written  by  way  of  dialogue,  is  intended  to  show  that 
all  mankind  are  either  madmen  or  fools.  Horace  had  retired  in- 
to  the  country  during  the  Saturnalia.  Damasippus,  a  stoic  phi- 
losopher,  pays  him  a  visit,  and  in  conversation  blames  hmi  for  not 
writing  and  publishing  sometliing  new,  instead  of  remaining  idle, 
or  retouching  his  former  works.  The  discourse,  by  an  easy  tran- 
sition,  turns  upon  Damasippus  and  his  mode  of  life.  This  leads 
to  an  explanation  of  the  doctrines  of  the  stoics,  and  a  justification 
of  their  dogmas.  The  various  passions,  which  tyrannize  over  the 
human  heart,  are  portrayed  with  inimitable  skilL  Tlie  whole 
conversation  is  interspersed  with  moral  reflections  and  useful 
instruction. 

2.  Retexens  :  '  retouching  ;'  'correcting.' 

5.  Saturnalihus :  the  feast  of  Saturn  commenced  on  the  15th 
and  continued  till  the  21st  of  December  ,  during  which  period 
there  was  an  entire  cessation  from  business. 

6.  J^lest:    '  nothing  is  produced.' 

7.  Immeritusque  .  .  .  poetis :  '  and  the  unoifending  Avall  suffers, 
born  under  the  malediction  of  gods  and  poets.'  When  the  verses 
did  not  come  to  suit  the  poet,  he  would  after  a  while  get  out  of  pa- 
tience,  and  vent  his  vexation  lay  striking  tlie  wall,  or  by  scratching 
his  head.     See  Book  I.  Sat.  X.  71. 

9.  Vultus  :  sc.  tuus. — JVLinantis  :  '  promising ;'  '  threatening  to 
perform.' 

10.  Vacuum:  sc.  te. 

11.  Platona  J\Ienandro,  S^c. :  these  were  books  the  poet  is  sup- 
posed  to  have  brought  with  him. 

15.   Vitd  meliore .  i.  e.  when  your  life  was  better  employed. 
17.  Tonsore :  the  stoics  cherished  long  beards,  which  Horace 


SATIRES.     BOOK  II.  3.  303 

humoroasly  aims  at  by  wishing  the  gods  may  grant  Damasippus 
a  barber. 

18.  Janum  ad  medium  :  there  was  a  street  crossing  the  Roman 
forum  called  Janus  :  the  upper  part  of  this  was  called  primus  or 
suminus  Janus ;  the  middle  of  it,  where  business  was  principally 
transacted,  was  called  medius  Janus  ;  and  the  lower  part,  imus 
Janus.  Doer.  The  meaning  is, '  after  that  my  business  was  brok- 
on  up  on  exchange.' 

21.  Vafer  ille  .  . .  Sisyphus :  Damasippus  says  he  was  formerly 
a  great  virtuoso,  and  could  search  out  curious  specimens  of  art, 
and  assign  their  value  to  them.  Sisyphus  was  celebrated  for  his 
mgenuity.     See  Class.  Dict. 

23.  Millia  centum  :  sc.  sestertium. 

25.  Mercuriale  :  '  a  favorite  of  Mercury,'  the  god  of  merchan- 
dise. 

28.  ^''ovus :  sc.  morbus. — In  cor  .  .  .  dolore  :  '  a  pain  in  the  side 
or  head  passing  into  the  stomach  of  a  poor  fellow.' 

30.  Quumjit  .  .  .  urget :  '  when  he  becomes  frantic  and  beats 
his  physician.' 

31.  Dum  .  .  .  Uhet :  '  do  but  avoid  this  example  (i.  e.  do  not  beat 
me),  and  rave  as  you  please.' 

33.  Siquid  .  .  .  crepat :  '  if  Stertinius  speaks  any  truth.'  He 
was  a  stoic  philosopher,  who  wrote  a  great  many  books  on  the 
subject. 

36.  Atque  .  .  .  reverti :  '  and  to  return  from  the  Fabrician  bridge 
with  my  mind  at  ease.'  The  Pons  Fabricius,  a  bridge  crossing 
the  Tiber,  was  the  place  he  had  chosen  for  drowning  himself. 

38.  Dexter  stetit :  '  fortunately  he  was  there ;'  i.  e.  Stertinius. 

44.  Porticus  et  grex :  '  the  portico  and  schooL'  This  refers  to 
the  portico,  oroa,  where  Zeno,  the  founder  of  the  sect  of  stoics, 
gave  his  precepts.  Chrysippus  was  an  early  and  active  disciple 
of  Zeno. 

45.  Autumat:  'pronounce,'   or    '  consider.' — Formula  :   'rule 
or  '  definition.' 

46.  Tenet :  '  includes.' 

53.  Caudam  trahit :  '  drags  a  tail ;'  i.  e.  is  laughed  at.  Chil- 
dren  often  tie  a  tai],or  something  to  drag,  behind  a  person  they 
wish  to  raake  ridiculous. — Est  genus  .  .  .  timentis  :  '  there  is  one 
kind  of  madness  which  fears  things  by  no  means  deserving  to  be 
feared.' 

59.  Serva :  '  take  care  ;'  i.  e.  see  the  ditch,  or  the  rock  before  you. 

61.  Quum  Ilionam . . .  clamantibus  :  '  when  he  represented  Iliona 
sleeping,  and  slept  on,  though  twelve  hundred  Catienuses  cried 
ouh,  Mother,  help  me.'  In  the  play  of  Pacuvius,  called  the  llidna, 
Polymnestor,  king  of  Thrace,  who  had  married  Priam's  eldest 
daughter,  Iliona,  murders  Polydorus,  Priam's  youngest  son,  and 
leaves  him  unburied.  The  ghost  of  Polydorus  appears  to  Iliona 
in  her  sleep,  informs  her  of  what  had  happened,  and  entreats  her 
to  bury  his  body.     Fusius,  who  took  the  part  of  Iliona,  should 


304  NOTES. 

have  awoke  and  spruiig  frora  his  couch,  when  Catienus,  in  the 
character  of  Polydorus's  ghost,  called  out  in  the^words,  Mater^  te 
appello.  But  being-  intoxicated,  he  slept  in  good  earnest ;  and 
neither  Catienus,  nor  the  wliole  audience  of  twelve  liundred  per- 
sons,  could  rouse  liim  by  joiiiing  in  the  cry,  Mater,  te  appcllo.  On 
account  of  her  age,  and  tlie  relation  in  which  Iliona  stood  to  Poly- 
dorus  as  an  adopted  child,  she  is  styled  mother.  Some  think  that 
Pacuvius  followed  another  fable,  and  that  Polymnestor,  by  niis- 
take,  killed  his  own  son  for  Polydorus. 

Q)^.  ^uam  j)resens  Mercurius  fert :  '  which  propitious  Mercury 
offers  you?' 

69.  Scrihe  decem  a  JVerone  :  '  write  a  receipt  for  ten  tliousand 
sesterces  from  Nerius ;'  i.  e.  the  banker  of  PeriUius.  He  who 
borrowed  money  wrote  a  receipt  for  the  sum  borrowed  in  the  bank- 
er's  book ;  thus,  "  I  have  received  so  much  of  such  a  one's  mon- 
ey  from  such  a  banker."  When  the  money  was  paid,  the  receipt 
was  erased.  To  do  this  was  rescribere  ;  see  verse  76. — JVon  satis 
est :  '  this  receipt  is  not  sufficient.' — Adde  CicutfE  ,  .  .  centum : 
'  add  the  hundred  clauses  and  forms  of  knotty  Cicuta.'  This 
was  a  practised  old  notary,  who  understood  all  the  turns  and 
technical  forms  of  the  law  in  relation  to  bonds.  Hence  he  is 
styled  nodosus.     These  forms  are  here  called  tahulas  centum. 

71.  Proteus :  sc.  Damasippus ;  the  parties  are  Perillius  the 
lender  of  the  money,  Nerius  liis  banker,  and  Damasippus  the  bor- 
rower. 

72.  Malis  ridentem  alienis :  '  laughing  with  the  cheeks  of 
another ;'  a  proverbial  expression,  rendered  by  some,  '  as  if  his 
cheeks  were  not  his  own,'  '  immoderately ;'  and  by  others,  'athis 
creditor's  expense.'    ' 

74.  Insani  est :  '  is  the  part  of  a  madman.' 

75.  Putidius  .  .  .  possis  :  '  believe  me,  the  brain  of  Perillius  is 
much  more  addle,  who  loans  you  money,  which  you  can  never 
repay.' 

76.  Dictantis :  i.  e.  ordering  his  banker  to  pay  over. 

77.  Audire  . .  .  componere  :  '  I  command  each  one  to  attend  and  to 
arrange  his  robe.'  Stortimus  liere  begins  to  give  his  ilkistrations 
a  wider  rango,  and  calls  for  attention.  They  whose  dresses  were 
not  well  arranged,  were  thought  to  be  inattentive. 

82.  Ellebori:  hellebore  was  administered  for  disordered  minds. 

83.  JVescio  .  .  .  omnem :  '  I  know  not  but  prudence  would  re- 
serve  for  them  the  whole  produce  of  Anticyra ;'  where  hellebore 
grew. 

84.  Summam  incidere  sepulcro  :  '  inscribed  upon  his  monument 
the  sum  they  received.'  Staberius  enjoined  this  upon  his  heirs, 
and  as  a  penalty  for  a  faikire  in  this,  tliey  were  condemned  to  en- 
tcrtain  the  people  with  a  show  of  two  Jiundred  gladiators. 

86.  Arbitrio  Arri  :  '  such  as  Arrius  may  direct.'  Arrius  was 
appointed  by  Staberius  his  executor. 

87.  Sive  ego :  Staberius  is   supposed  to  say  this ;  '  whether  1 


SATIRES.     BOOK  II.  3.  305 

have  required  this  foolishly  or  wisely  :'  one  may  do  as  he  pleases 
■vvith  his  own. 

88.  JVe  sis  patruus  mihi:  'blame  me  not;'  i.  e.  be  not  severe 
with  me,  as  imcles  are. 

103.  JVil  agit .  .  .  resolvit :  '  an  example,  that  solves  one  diffi- 
culty  by  raising  another,  proves  nothing.' 

117.   Undeoctoginta  annos  natus :  '  seventy-nine  years  old.' 

123.  Dis  inimice :  '  odious  to  the  gods  themselves. 

124.  (luantulum  .  .  .  porrigine  :  '  for  how  little  will  each  day  di- 
minish  your  hoards,  if  you  begin  to  dress  your  coleworts  with  bet- 
ter  oil,  and  your  head,  foul  with  scurf  for  want  of  combing  ?' 

126.  %iare  .  .  .  undique :  i.  e.  if  then,  as  you  say,  ever  so  little 
is  sufficient  for  the  wants  of  nature,  why  do  you  swear  falsely, 
pilfer,  cheat  and  plunder  wherever  you  can  ? 

132.  Argis :  'at  Argos,'  where  Orestes  killed  his  mother. 

141.  Spiendida  bilis  :  '  rage.' 

142.  Pauper  .  .  .  aun :  '  Opimius,  poor  amidst  silver  and  gold 
hoarded  up  within.' 

143.  Veientanum :  sc.  vinum  :  this  was  the  poorest  wine  in  Italy. 

144.  Campand  trulld:  '  from  an  earthen  pot.'— Fap;7am  :  by 
vappa  is  meant  stale  wine  ;  such  as  has  lost  its  spirit  and  flavor. 

152.  Jkfen'  vivo :  '  what,  while  I  am  alive  ?—Hoc  age  .•  '  do  this ;' 
i.  e.  recover  your  strength  by  doing  as  I  advise. —  Quid  vis  :  the 
patient  asks,  'What  would  you  have  me  do  ?'  The  physician 
replies. 

155.  Hoc  ptisanarium  oryzce, :  '  this  decoction  of  rice.' 

156.  Octussibus  :  '  sixpence  ;'  an  as  was  about  three  farthings. 

160.  Cur,  Stoice^  Dicam:  '  why  so,  Mr.  Stoic  ?— I  willtell  you.' 

161.  JVon  est...  acuto  :  '  suppose  the  physician  Craterus  to  have 
said,  "  This  patient  has  not  a  disordered  stomach ;"  is  he  then  well, 
and  shall  he  rise  ?  He  will  say, '  no  ;  because  his  side,  or  his  reins, 
are  affected  with  an  acute  disease.' 

162.  JVegahit :  sc.  Craterus,  medicus. 

164.  Immolet .  .  .  Laribus :  'let  liim  sacriiice  a  hog  to  the  propi- 
tious  household  gods  ;'  i.  e;  for  preserving  him  from  perjury  and 
meanness. 

166.  Barathro  :  '  to  the  gulf '  of  ambition,  or  extravagance. 

168.  Dives  antiquo  sensu :  '  rich  according  to  the  estimate  of 
former  times.' 

172.  Et  ludere  :  '  and  lose  at  play.' 

173.  Tristem :  '  anxious,'  or  '  thoughtfuL' 

175.  JVomentanum :  he  was  a  spendthrift. — Cicutam :  he  was  a 
miser. 

180.  Uter  .  .  .  prcetor :  '  which  ever  of  you  shall  be  made  an 
sedile  or  a  prsetor,'  may  a  father's  curse  light  on  him. 

182.  In  cicere  .  .  .  paternis  :    '  would  you,  O  madman,  squander 

your  fortune  in  largesses  of  peas,  beans  and  lupines,  that,  elated 

with  vanity,  you  may  strut  about  in  the  circus,  or  have  a  brazen 

statue  erected  to  you,  when  stripped  of  your  lands  and  the  for- 

26  * 


306  NOTES. 

tune  left  by  your  father  ?'  Some  understand  by  elatus^  '  lifted 
up,'  or  '  borne  aloft,'  as  it  was  tiie  custom  with  the  populacc  to 
bear  on  the     shoulders  their  favorites. 

187.  Atrida  cur  vetas :  the  poet  wishes  to  show  that  ambition  is 
no  less  madness  than  avarice  ;  and  makes  Stertinius  next  arraign 
Agamemnon,  with  whom  he  hokls  the  following  conversation. 

189.  Imptrito  :  '  I  command.' — Inulto  :    '  with  impunity.' 

195.  Inhumato :  sc.  Ajace. 

197.  Mille  ovium :  this  is  the  answer  of  Agamemnon,  who  jus- 
tifies  his  own  conduct  by  assigning  as  a  reason  for  his  displeasure, 
that  Ajax  slew  a  flock  of  sheep,  exclaiming  that  he  was  killing 
Ulysses,  Menelaiis  and  Agamemnon. 

205.  Adverso  littore :  i.  e.  the  port  of  Aulis,  where  the  Grecian 
fleet  was  detained  by  a  contrary  wind. 

208.  Qwi  species  .  .  .  habebitur :  the  construction  is,  Qui  capiei 
species  aiias  (alienas)  a  veris,  permixtasque  tumultu  sceleris,  is  ha- 
bebitur  commotus  secundam  mentem. 

213.  Stas  animo  :  '  are  you  in  your  right  m^nd  ?' 

216.  Rufam  aut  Rujillam :  '  my  darling,  my  little  darling ;'  or 
aome  such  chiklisli  language.  These  words  are  written  variously ; 
Pupam,  Pupillam ;  Pusam,  PusUlam,  &c. 

223.  Cruentis :  sc.  rebus,  vel  spectaculis. 

225.   Vincet :  '  will  prove.' — JVepotes  :  '  spendthrifts.' 

227.  Edicit :  '  he  gives  out  word.' 

228.  Tusci :  the  Tuscus  vicus,  or  Tuscan  street,  was  the  resi- 
dence  of  the  most  unprincipled  and  depraved  part  of  the  community. 

229.  Velabro  :  Velabrum  was  a  street  where  oil-mongers,  fish- 
dealers,  &c.  lived. 

231.  Leno :  the  pimp  speaks  for  the  whole  company,  offering 
their  services  and  whatever  they  possessed. 

233.  Juvenis  :  the  young  spendthrifl  lieir. 

2.37.  Decies  :  sc.  centena  millia  scstertium,  about  35,000  dollars. 

238.  Filius  JEsopi :  the  son  of  ^sop  the  actor  dissolvcd  a  pearl 
in  vinegar  worth  a  million  sesterces,  and  drank  it.  This  gave  the 
idea  to  Cleopatra  of  doing  tho  same  with  a  pearl  of  still  more  value, 

240.   qid  :  '  in  what.'  — 4c  si :  '  than  if.' 

243.   Gemellum  :  '  twins,'  in  depravity. 

245.  (^uorsum  . . .  notandi :  '  how  are  they  to  be  ranked  ?  Must 
they  be  marked  with  chalk,  as  sane  ;  or  with  charcoal,  as  insane  ?' 

246.  Mdijicare  casas :  *  to  build  paper  houses.' 

249.  Si  .  .  .  amare :  '  if  reason  shall  prove  love  to  be  more  child- 
ish  than  these.' 

250.  Trimus  qucdepriiis  :  '  such  as  you  did  formerly,  when  three 
years  old.' 

253.  Polemon:  this  was  a  thoughtless  rake,  who  happoned  one 
day,  as  he  came  from  his  scene  of  revelry,  to  pass  by  the  school 
of  Xenocrates,  and  went  in  from  curiosity.  The  philosopher 
ingeniously  turned  his  discourse  upon  temperance,  and  recom- 
mended  this  virtue  so  strongly,  that  Polemon  was  struck  by  the 


SATIRES.     BOOK  II.  3.  307 

force  of  his  arguments,  tore  ofF  the  garlands  of  flowers  which 
he  had  worn  at  the  banquet,  and  became  so  eminent  a  student  of 
philosophy  that  he  finally  succeeded  Xenocrates  in  his  school. 

256.   Impransi:  'sober;'    'serious.' 

258.  Amator  .  .  .  distat :  '  how  does  the  discarded  lover  difter  ?' 

264.  Ohere  .  .  .  vult :  *0  sir,  a  thing  which  has  in  itself  nei- 
ther  measure  nor  wisdom,  will  not  be  controlled  by  reason  an<l 
rule.'     His  slave  comes  up  and  makes  this  speech  to  him. 

269.  Reddere  certasibi:  'to  render  steady  and  fixed.' 

271.  Picenis :  the  apples  which  grew  in  the  Picene  territory 
were  superior  to  others,  The  poet  now  refers  to  some  of  the 
silly  and  superstitious  expedients  practised  by  lovers  to  know 
whether  one's  passion  would  be  successful ;  among  which  was  the 
shooting  of  apple-seeds  from  the  fingers.  The  hitting  of  the 
place  aimed  at  in  the  ceiling  was  considered  a  good  omen. 

272.  Gaudes  .  .  .fort^:  'you  are  delighted  if  by  chance  you  hit 
the  place  you  aimed  at  in  the  room.' 

273.  Feris :  a  metaphor  from  a  musical  mstrument  to  strike 
out  a  sound. 

275.  Ignem  gladio  scrutare :  '  stir  the  fire  with  a  sword  ;' 
meaning,  increase  the  eviL 

276.  IIell9.de  percussd :  '  having  murdered  his  mistress  Hellas.' 

277.  Cerritus  :   for  Cereritus  ;  struck  with  madness  by  Ceres. 

279.  Cognata  .  .  .  rehus :  '  different  names  to  the  same  thing.' 
Madness,  folly  and  wickedness  are  considered  the  same  thing  by 
our  poet. 

280.  Siccus  :   '  sober.' 

281.  Laidis  manihus  :  i.  e.  his  hands  were  washed,  and  prepar- 
ed  for  some  religious  ceremony. 

282.  Surpite  for  sutripite :   '  save  me,  me  alone,  from  death.' 
284.   JVisi  litigiosus  :   '  unless  he  wished  a  lawsuit'     Masters 

who  sold  their  slaves,  were  accustomed  to  warrantthem ;  and  it  was 
necessary,  in  order  to  avoid  litigation  afterwards,  to  mention  any 
defect  a  slave  was  known  to  have.  In  this  case,  the  poet  says,  the 
master  should  'except  the  mind,'when  warranting  the  subject  souol. 

286.  Fmcundd . . .  Meneni :  '  Chrysippus  makes  this  class  belong 
to  the  numerous  tribe  of  Menenius  ;'  as  if  he  were  the  head  of  a 
family  of  fools. 

288.    Cuhantis:   'confined  to  his  bed.' 

290.  Tu  indicis  jejunia :  '  you  appoint  your  fast.'  Religious 
festivals  were  introduced  by  fasting. 

297.  Dixerit  .  .  .  tergo  :  '  whoever  shall  call  me  mad  shall  hear 
as  much  of  himself,  and  shall  learn  to  inspect  the  wallet  that 
hangs  on  his  back,  out  of  sight.'  This  alludes  to  the  fable  that 
every  man  carries  a  wallet,  containing  the  faults  of  others  in  the 
end  before  him,  and  his  own  in  that  bf^iind  his  back. 

302.  .^gave :  in  a  fit  of  Bacchanalian  fury  Agave  tore  her  son 
Pentheus  in  pieces,  and  carried  his  head  about,  as  if  it  were 
that  of  a  wild  beast  she  had  slain 


308  NOTES. 

307.  Mdificas :  Horace  was  probably  enlarging  his  country 
house. — Longos  imitaris :   '  you   imitate  the  tall.' 

308.  Bipedalis :  by  humorously  saying  that  he,  though  but 
'  two  feet  high,'  was  imitating  tall  men,  Damasippus  would  imply 
that  Horace  ought  not  to  imitate  his  superiors  in  his  mode  of  liv- 
ing. — Et  idem  .  .  .  incessum :  'and  yet  you  laugh  at  the  fierce- 
ness  and  majestic  air  of  Turbo  in  arms,  as  too  lofly  for  his  size.' 
Turbo  was  a  gladiator  of  very  small  stature. 

323.  Teneas  .  .  .  tuis  te  :  '  O  Damasippus,  do  keep  yourself  to 
your  own  afikirs.' 

SATIRE   IV. 

This  satire  consists  of  an  amusing  dialogue  between  the  poet 
and  one  Catius,  who  pretends  to  be  a  great  philosopher,  and  also 
to  be  profoundly  versed  in  the  science  of  cookery.  But  he  be- 
comes  jridiculous  by  attaching  so  much  importance  to  what  is  of 
little  consequence  ;  and  more  particularly  by  exposing  his  utter 
ignorance  of  the  subject  on  which  he  discourses.  The  whole  is 
a  keen  satire  upon  that  class  of  men  who  place  their  supreme 
happiness  in  the  pleasures  of  the  table.  This  he  considers  an 
abuse  of  Epicureanism,  in  the  refined  forms  of  which  he  was  him- 
self  a  believer. 

1.  Aventi  .  .  .  prodceptis  :  '  wishing  to  impress  on  my  mind  some 
new  precepts,'  which  I  have  just  learned. 

3.   Anytique  reum:   i.  e.  Socrates,  who  was  accused  by  Anytus. 

7.  Sive  .  .  .  utroque :  '  whether  this  is  by  natural  or  artificial 
memory,  you  being  wonderful  in  both.' 

8.  Quin  .  .  .  peractas  :  '  but  that  was  just  my  care,  in  what  way  I 
should  retain  all  these  precepts  in  mind  ;  since  these  are  nice  mat- 
ters,  and  were  expressed  in  nice  language.' 

12.  Longa  .  .  .  erit :  'to  such  eggs  as  shall  have  a  long  ap- 
pearance.'  Catius  very  properly  begins  with  the  eggs,  which  form 
the  first  dish  of  the  first  course,  and  proceeds  to  the  second 
course,  or  the  ftuit.  Tlie  following  precepts,  given  by  Catius,  are 
in  general  false  and  absurd. 

13.  Ut  mag\s  alma :   '  as  more  nourishing.' 

14.  Ponere  :  i.  e.  apponere  tihi^  '  to  serve  up  for  yourself.' 

23.  Ante  .  .  .  solem :  '  which  he  has  gathered  from  the  tree 
before  the  sun  has  become  scorching.' 

26.  Mulso :  Mulsum  is  strong  wine  mixed  with  honey. 

27.  Si  dura  .  .  .  alvus  :   '  if  you  are  costive.' 

29.   Et  lapathi . . .  Coo  :  '  and  sorrel  steeped  in  white  Coan  wine.' 
32.  Murice .  .  .  peloris  :  '  the  peloris  from  the  Lucrine  lake  is  bet- 

ter  than  the  murex  from  Baiaj.      The  murex^  peloris,  and  ostrea 

are  difierent  kinds  of  shell-fish.     Misenum  is  a  promontory  of 

Campania. 
37.     Card  . .  .  mensd  :    '  to  sweep  off"  the  fishes  from  a  dear 

atall ;'  i.  e.  to  buy  them  all  at  a  great  price. 


SATIRES.    BOOK  II.  309 

38.  Ignarum  .  .  .  aptiiis  :  '  not  knowing  which  are  best  served 
up  with  sauce.' 

41.  Caimem  vitantis  inertem:  'of  one  loathing  flabby  meat.' 

43.   Vinea  :  '  the  vine,'  is  good  for  fatting  goats. 

45.  Piscibus  .  .  .palatum:  'what  the  nature  and  age  of  fishes 
and  birds  might  be,  though  much  inquired  into,  was  known  to  no 
palate  before  mine.' 

47.  JVova  .  .  .promit:  'only  produces  new  kinds  of  pastry.' 

54.  Lino :  'by  being  strained  through  linen.' 

57.  Ima  .  .  .  aliena  :  '  attracting  foreign  substances  sinks  to  the 
bottom.'  In  fact,  it  is  not  the  yolk,  but  the  white  of  eggs,  that 
clarities  wine. 

61.  Flagitat :  sc.  potor :  some  understand  stomachus. — In  mor- 
sus  rejici:  i.  e.  to  be  restored  to  a  fresh  appetite. 

65.  Murid  :   '  with  pickle.' 

66.  JVon  alid  .  .  .  orca :  '  not  other  than  that  with  which  the  By- 
zantian  jar  has  been  tainted.'  This  refers  to  the  pickle  or  brine,  in 
which  the  timny  fish  caught  near  Byzantium  is  kept.  Piitruit 
conveys  an  idea  of  the  strong,  rancid  smell  imparted  to  the  jar  ; 
though  some  understand  it  to  imply  that  the  fish  itself  actually 
dissolves  in  this  pickle  ;  as  orca  means  both  a  fish  and  an  earth- 
en  jar,  so  called  from  its  resemblance  in  form  to  that  fish. 

68.  Stetit :  '  has  stood  some  time.' 

71.  Venucula :  sc.  uva  ;  '  the  venucula  grape  is  proper  for  pre- 
serving  in  pots.' 

73.  Hanc  eso  .  .  .  halec :  i.  e.  I  first  introduced  the  use  of  this 


'"& 


Albanian   grape    with    apples,    and  the    sauce  made  of  lees  of 
wine  and  pickle. 

75.  Incretum:  mixed  and  pounded  together. 

83.  Ten'' .  .  .  palmd  :  sc.  decet :  '  does  it  become  you  to  sweep  a 
floor  of  tesselated  marble  with  a  dirty  broom?' 

84.  Hlota  toralia :   '  dirty  couches.' 

86.  lllis  :  i.  e.  not  recollecting,  that  by  how  much  the  less  ex- 
pensive  these  things  pertaining  to  cleanliness  are,  by  so  much 
the  more  reprehensible  it  is  to  be  deficient  here,  than  in  things 
only  to  be  expected  at  tlie  banquets  of  the  rich. 

89.  Ducere  . . .  auditum  :  '  to  take  me  to  hear  the  man  him- 
self.'     This  conclusion  is  a  very  amusing  piece  of  irony. 


SATIRE  V. 

This  satire  contains  a  dialogue  between  Ulysses  and  Tiresias, 
a  famous  blind  prophet;  and  is  designed  to  expose  the  sordid 
attempts  of  the  degenerate  Romans  to  enrich  themselves  by 
servilely  courting  and  flattering  wealthy  old  men,  however  mean 
and  despicable  might  be  their  characters.  Homer  represents 
Ulysses  as  descending  to  the  infernal  regions  to  consult  TiresiEis 
on  the  events  of  his  voyage.     On  his  return  to  Ithaca,  Ulysses 


310  NOTES. 

finds  that  Penel6pe*s  suitors  had  plundered  and  wasted  his  prop- 
erty.  As  the  predictions  of  Tiresias  had  so  far  proved  true,  tFlys- 
ses  is  here  represented  as  having  raised  his  spirit  to  consult  him 
further,  as  to  the  manner  of  repairing-  his  fortune.  Tliis  satire 
contains  the  advice  of  the  soothsayer. 

1.  PrfBter  narrata :  '  in  addition  to  what  you  told  me  before.' 

3.  Doloso :  sc.  tibi. 

10.  Tiirdus  .  .  .  illuc  :  'should  a  thrush  or  any  delicacy  be  giv- 
en  you,  send  it  quickly  there.' 

14.  Jinte  Larem  :  i.  e.  even  before  your  ofFering  to  your  house- 
hold  god. 

18.  Utne  .  .  .  latus  :  '  that  I  may  protect  the  side  of  a  vile 
slave  Dama?' 

22.  Ruam  :  for  eruam  :  '  I  may  obtain.' 

32.  Quinte :  when  a  slave  obtained  his  freedom,  he  took  tlie 
prcenomen  of  Quintus,  Publius,  or  the  like. 

36.  Cassd  nuce  :  '  an  empty  nut ;'  any  trifle. 

38.  Fi  cognitor  ipse  :  '  do  you  become  his  counsel.' 

40.  Infantes  statuas  .  .  .  Alpes :  Horace  here  ridicules  two  po- 
ets.  One  of  them  had  called  statues  infantine,  meaning  that 
they  were  just  made.  The  other  represented  Jupiter  spitting 
snow  upon  the  Alps. 

45.  Validus  male :  '  in  feeble  health.' 

46.  Sublatus :  '  raised ;'  referring  to  the  custom  of  parents 
lifting  up  a  child  when  born,  if  they  wished  to  have  it  preserved. 
— JVe  manifestum  .  .  .te:  ^  that  too  obvious  obsequiousness  to  bach- 
elors  may  not  expose  you.' 

53.  Sic  tamen  .  .  .  versu  :  the  construction  is,  Tamen  sic  ut  ra- 
pias  limis  oculis  quid  prirna  cera  secundo  versu.  Prima  cera  sig- 
nifies  the  first  page  of  the  will ;  in  the  first  line  of  which  was  the 
name  of  the  testator ;  and  in  the  second,  sccundo  veisu,  was  that 
ofthe  principal  heir,  Avhich  was  followed  by  the  names  of  the  co- 
heirs. 

55.  Recoctus :  1.  e.  versed  in  the  tricks  of  the  law,  havihg  pass- 
ed  through  the  inferior  offices,  such  as  that  of  quinquevir,  a  kind 
of  court  bailiff. 

59.  ./^t/f  ejnt,  aut  non :  '  will  come  to  pass  or  not,'  as  I  have 
predicted. 

62.  Juvenis :  Augustus. 

65.  Soldum  :  for  solidum ;  sc.  debitum ;  '  the  principal.'  NeLsi- 
ca,  anxious  about  a  debt  which  he  owed  to  Coranus,  gives  his 
daughter  to  him  in  marriage,  hoping  thereby  to  cancel  the  debt 
in  this  way.  But  he  finds,  on  looking  over  the  will  of  his  son-in- 
law,  no  mention  made  of  this ;  no  legacy,  as  he  cxpected. 

74.  Ex  testamento  .  .  .  elata :  '  according  to  her  will  was  so  car- 
ried  out  for  burial.' 

81.  Capite  ohstipo  :  'with  head  inclined,'  in  an  obgequious 
manner,  as  a  slave  to  listen  to  his  master's  commands. 


SATIRES.    BOOK  II.  311 

92.  Sparge  suhinde:  throw  out  occasionally  some  such  ex- 
pression  as  this,  Ergo  nunc,  &fc. 

98.  JVummo  te  addicere  :  this  signifies  to  sell  for  any  little  coin, 
just  to  answer  the  law,  which  required  the  form  of  a  sale  for 
money  to  render  a  transfer  valid.  The  meaning  is,  should  any 
one  of  the  co-heirs,  who  is  old,  or  not  likely  to  hve  long,  wish  to 
buy  any  part  of  your  portion,  tell  him  you  will  assign  it  over 
to  him,  with  pleasure,  for  any  nominal  sum  that  will  answer 
the  law. 

SATIRE  VI. 

The  poet,  after  expressing  his  contentment  and  his  gratitude 
for  the  blessings  he  enjoys,  contrasts  the  confusion,  bustle,  and 
vexatious  business  of  the  city,  with  the  quiet  and  rational  enjoy- 
ments  of  the  country.  To  give  weight  to  his  arguments,  he  adds 
the  fable  of  the  town  and  the  country  mouse. 

1.  Ita:  'very.' 

5.  Maid  nate  :  gains  acquired  by  industry  were  ascribed  to 
'  Mercury ;'  sudden  and  unexpected  wealth  to  Hercules.  See 
verse  13. — Propria :  '  permanent.' 

8.  Si  .  .  .  horum :  '  if  foolish  I  put  up  no  prayers  of  this  kind.' 

15.  Ingenium :  he  prays  to  have  every  thing  fat  except  his 
understanding.' 

17.  Musdque  pedestri  :  '  plain,  familiar  poetry  ;'  distinguished 
from  prose  only  by  measure. 

19.  (^uaestus  :  '  a  source  of  income'  to  Libitina. 

20.  Matutine  :  Janus  was  the  god  of  time  ;  hence  he  is  styled 
'  father  of  the  morning.' 

23.  Romcc  .  .  .  rapis  :  '  when  at  Rome  you  hurry  me  to  become 
surety'  for  my  friends. 

24.  Urge  :  'make  haste,' lest  any  one  answer  to  the  call  of 
duty  before  you.     This  is  the  exhortation  of  the  god  to  him. 

27.  Postmodo  .  .  .  tardis:  '  after  I  have  spoken,  with  a  clear 
and  distinct  voice,  what  may  cost  me  trouble  afterwards,  I  then 
have  to  struggle  with  the  crowd,  and  violence  must  be  done  to 
those  in  the  way  ;'  i.  e.  before  he  can  get  clear  of  the  crowd  af- 
ter  having  become  bail  at  the  court. 

31.  Ad  .  .  .  recurras  :  'if  with  your  headfuU  of  nothing  else, 
you  must  run  back  to  Ma^cenas.' 

33.  Aliena  negotia  centum  :  '  a  hundred  affairs  of  other  people.' 

34.  Ante  secundam  :  sc.  horam ;  '  before  eight.' 

35.  Puteal :  the  pr8etor's  court  was  there. 

38.  Cura:  'be  so  kind  as  to  cause'  Msecenas  to  sign  these 
papers. 

39.  Dixeris :  sc.  si ;  '  if  you  say  ;'  for  '  if  I  say.' 
42.  Duntaxat  ad  hoc :  '  at  least  so  far  as  this.' 

44.  Thrax  .  .  .  par :  '  is  the  Thracian  gladiator  a  match  for  the 
Syrian .?' 


312  NOTES. 

48.  JSToster :  sc.  Horatius  —  Und :  '  with  Msecenas.' 

49.  Omnes  :  sc.  dicunt. 

55.  Si  quidquam  :  sc.  audivi. — Triquetrd :  '  in  Sicily  ;'  so  call- 
ed  from  its  tliree  promontories. 

59.  Misero  :  sc.  mihi. — J^on  sine  votis  :  '  not  witiiout  aspirations' 
sucii  as  tliese. 

63.  Pythagor(B  cognata  :  Pytliagoras  imagined  tliere  was  a  re- 
semblance  between  the  nature  of  the  human  body  and  that  of 
a  bean.  He  therefore  forbade  his  followers  to  eat  beans  ;  lest 
they  should  eat  likewise  some  of  their  relations,  who,  in  the 
clianges  of  transmigration,  might  have  become  beans. 

65.  Meique  :  '  and  my  friends.' 

68.  Calices  incBquales :  '  glasses  of  unequal  sizes  ;'  to  suit  his 
guests,  as  they  miglit  prefer. 

67.  Ldhatis  dapibus :  i.  e.  on  what  may  be  lefl  after  my 
friend  and  I  have  dined.  A  portion  was  first  offered  in  libation 
to  the  household  gods. —  VerncB  were  slaves  born  in  the  family, 
and,  being  usually  more  indulged  than  others,  they  became  more 
pert. 

72.  JVec  .  .  .  saltet :  '  nor  whether  Lepos  dances  well  or  not.' 
Lepos  was  a  celebrated  dancer  of  the  day. 

75.   Usus  rectumne :  '  utility  or  virtue.' 

82.  Asper  .  .  .  animum :  '  frugal  and  sparing  of  his  earnings, 
yet  so  as  to  open  his  parsimonious  bosom  in  acts  of  hospitality.' 

87.  Tangentis  male  :  '  scarcely  deigning  to  touch.' 

88.  Pater  ipse  domus :  i.  e.  the  mouse  which  gave  the  enter- 
tainment. 

89.  Essetadorloliumque  :^kept  eating  spelt  and  darnel.'  By 
ador  is  meant  a  coarse  kind  of  grain. 

94.  Sorfita :  '  inheriting  from  nature.' 

103.  Canderet :  'glittered.' 

108.   Vernaliter  :  'like  an  attentive  servant.' 


SATIRE   VIL 

The  design  of  the  Saturnalia  was  to  represent  that  equality 
that  existed  among  mankinu  in  the  primitive  ages,  under  the 
reicrn  of  Saturn.  Hence,  during  this  celebration,  slaves  were  al- 
lowed  great  freedom,  and  would,  and  coukl  with  impunity,  say 
what  they  pleased.  Horace,  in  this  satire,  introduces  his  slave 
Davus  as  taking  advantage  of  this  season  of  licensed  equality  to 
tell  him  of  his  faults.  Davus  maintains  that  the  wise  man  alone 
is  free,  who  is  not  held  in  bondage  by  any  vice,  or  a  slave  to  any 
passion.  His  reasoning  is  so  just,  and  the  truth  is  pressed  home 
so  closely,  that  Horace,  unable  to  answer,  or  to  bear  it  any  long- 
er,  stops  him  by  threats. 

4.  Ut  vitale  putes  :  '  so  that  you  need  not  think  me  short-lived.' 
There  was  a  vulgar  prejudice  prevailing,  which  continues  even 


SATIRES.    BOOK  II.  7.  313 

to  the  present  day,  that  a  person  pre-eminent  for  gifls  and  vir- 
tues  was  not  long  for  this  life.  Davus  thoug-ht  he  was  not  so 
remarkably  good  as  to  give  any  apprehension  of  this  kind. 

6.  Et  urget  propositum :  '  and  persevere  in  their  wicked 
course.' 

10.  Clavum :  '  his  dress.' 

14.  VeHumnis  .  .  .  iniquis  :  i.  e.  born  under  the  frowns  of 
Vertumnus.  This  divinity  presided  over  the  changes  of  the  year 
and  of  the  visible  creation,  and  was  represented  under  various 
forms  ;  hence  used  in  the  plural. 

15.  Justa :  i.  e.  which  he  had  brought  upon  himself. 
17.  Mercede  .  . .  pavit :  '  he  kept  a  man  on  day  wages.' 

19.  Ac  prior  .  .  .  lahorat :  '  and  more  tolerable  than  the  former 
(Priscus),  who  struggles  now  with  a  straight,  and  now  with  a  lax 
cord  ;'  i.  e.  who  sometimes  struggles  withhis  passions,  and  some- 
times  yields  to  their  violence. 

28.   Rom(E  :   '  when  at  Rome.' 

30.  Ac,  velut  .  .  .eas:  '  and,  as  though  you  always  go  out  to  sup 
on  compulsion.' 

33.  Serum .  .  .  prima :  '  late  in  the  day,  at  the  first  lighting 
of  the  lamps.' 

34.  Oleum :  '  essence,'  '  perfume.'  Doering  thinks  oil  for  the 
lamp  to  light  him  to  the  palace  of  Maecenas  is  meant. 

36.  Milvius  et  scurrcc :   who  came  expecting  to  sup  with  him. 

37.  Dixerit  ille :  '  Milvius  will  say.'  The  buffoons  express 
their  disappointment  by  many  abusive  remarks  among  themselves. 
Davus  supposes  Milvius  to  go  on  thus  :  '  I  confess  that  I  am 
easily  led  away  by  my  stomach ;  I  raise  my  nose  at  a  savory 
smelL' 

42.  Qwirf  .  .  .  deprenderis  :  here  Davus  takes  up  the  discourse 
in  person,  and,  addressing  his  master,  says,  '  What  if  you  are 
found  to  be  a  greater  fool  even  than  myself,  who  was  bought  for 
five  hundred  drachmas  ?' 

50.  Minor :  'subjectto.' — Vindicta:  the  rod  with  which  the 
prsetor  touched  the  head  of  those  who  received  their  freedom. 
The  prsetor  might  make  the  body  free  ;  but  wisdom  alone  could 
free  the  mind. 

53.  Sive  vicarius :  the  head  slavc  was  called  atHensis ;  the 
others,  who  were  under  him,  vicarii. 

59.  Responsare :  '  to  resist ;'  i.  e.  has  courage  to  oppose. 

60.  Teres  atque  rotundus :  '  smooth  and  round.'  Our  defects 
are  so  many  inequalities  which  wisdom  rubs  off. 

61.  Per  leve :  '  on  account  of  its  smoothness  ;'  a  figure  taken 
from  a  globe. 

65.   Gelidd  :  sc.  aqud. 

6Q.  JVon  quis  :  '  thou  canst  not ;'  quis  from  queo. 

67.  Bominus  non  lenis :  '  an  unrelenting  master ;'  meaning 
his  passions. 

68.  Versatque  negantem :  '  and  urges  you  on  against  your  will.* 

27 


314  NOTES. 

69.  Pausiacd :  Pausias  was  a  celebrated  painter. 

70.  Fidvi :  Fulvius,  Rutuba,  and  Placideianus  were  gladiators., 
whose  combats  were  sketched  in  a  rude  manner  upon  the  places 
where  they  exercised. 

74.  JVequam  .  . .  audis  :  '  I  amconsidered  a  knave  and  aloiterer; 
but  you  are  called  a  connoisseur,  and  a  fine  judge  of  ancierit 
works  of  art.' — Aiidis  :  '  you  hear'  yourself  called. 

76.  JVit  ego  :  '  I  pass  for  a  worthless  rascal.' — Tibi . .  .  opimis  : 
'  do  thy  great  virtue  and  self-control  resist  the  allurements  of 
a  rich  supper  ?' 

80.  Qure  .  .  .  nequeunt :  '  which  cannot  be  had  for  a  small  sum.' 

81.  Inamarescunt :  '  begin  to  palL' 

82.  niusique  pedes :  '  and  your  tottering  feet.' 

84.  Strigili :  by  hypaUage,  for  mutat  strigilem  furtivum  uvd. 

92.  Opera .  .  .  nona :  for  operarius  nonus  ;  i.  e.  or  you  shall  be 
sent,  the  ninth  slave,  to  work  on  my  Sabine  farm.  Horace  had 
eight  there  already. 

SATIRE  VIII. 

Nasidienus,  an  ostentatious,  but  miserly  knight,  gave  an  en- 
tertainment  to  Msecenas,  of  which  this  satire  contains  a  humor- 
ous  account,  related  by  Fundanius,  one  of  the  guests. 

1.  Ut  .  .  .  btati :  '  how  did  the  supper  of  wealthy  Nasidienus 
please  you  ?' 

2.  JVam .  .  .  die :  '  for  when  I  sent  requesting  your  company 
at  my  table,  you  were  said  to  be  there  drinking  from  noon.' 
When  the  Romans  wished  to  indulge  longer  at  table  than  usual, 
they  dined  at  an  earlier  hour  than  was  customary. 

6.  Leni  .  .  .  Austro  :  if  taken  in  Austro  fervente,  the  flesh  soon 
became  rancid  ;  if  in  leni  Austro,  it  would  be  tender. 

14.  Procedit:  Hydaspes  brings  forward  the  wine  with  the 
same  slow  and  stately  step  that  a  Grecian  girl  bears  the  sacred 
ensigns  of  Ceres. 

15.  Alcon :  sc.  sequitur  ferens. 

18.  Und  :  sc.  tecum  :  'together  with  you.' 

19.  JVosse  laboro :  'I  am  impatient  to  know.' 

20.  Summus  ego  :  the  table  was  in  the  form  of  a  semicircle. 
Around  the  circular  part  of  it  were  placed  three  couches,  on 
each  of  which  reclined  three  persons.  On  the  first  were 
Fundanius,  Viscus,  and  Varius.  On  the  second,  or  middle  one, 
which  was  the  place  of  honor,  Avere  Maecenas  and  his  two  friends 
that  he  brought  with  him,  umbrce,  Vibidius  and  Balatro.  On  the 
third  were  Nomentanus,  the  host  Nasidienus  ipse,  and  Porcius. 
There  was  a  passage  for  the  attendants  between  each  two  of  the 
couches. 

23.  Umbra^  :  persons  not  invited  by  the  host,  but  coming  with 
a  guest,  were  called  umbrcE,. 

28.  Dissim,Uem  noto :  '  unlike  what  was  common  to  them.* 


SATIRES.     BOOK  II.  8.  315 

29.  Passeris :  *  of  a  flounder.' 

30.  Ingustata:  'such  as  had  never  beentasted.' 

32.  Ab  ipso  .  .  .  meliics  :  '  you  will  learn  best  from  him.' 
34.  Damnos^ :  i.  e.  unless  we  drink  this  eternal  talker  dumb. 

39.  Invertunt .  .  .  tota :  '  empty  whole  jars  of  wine  into  Alli- 
phanian  cups.' — AUiphanis :  sc.  poculis  :  made  at  All'iph(£. 

40.  Imi:  the  host  and  his  two  parasites  were  on  the  lowest 
couch.     They  spared  the  bottles  on  their  side. 

46.  Garo  .  .  .  coquiiur :  '  with  the  pickle  of  Spanish  mackerel, 
and  with  wine  of  this  coantry,  five  years  old,  poured  in  wlien  the 
sauce  was  boiling.' 

48.  Cocto  :  '  when  boiled.' — Chium  vinum  sic  convenit  illi  cocto, 
ut  non  ullum  aliud  magis  hoc. 

50.  Quod  .  .  .  uvam :  '  which  by  its  sharpness  has  turned  the 
Methymnean  wine  ;'  i.  e.  Lesbian  v/ine. —  Uvam  for  vinum. 

53.  Curtillus :  sc.  monstravit  incoquere :  Curtillus  was  a  cele- 
brated  epicure  of  the  day. 

54.  Aulcea:  the  curtains,  or  canopy  over  the  table,  to  prevent 
the  falling  of  dust  upon  it. 

58.  Rufus:   the  surname  of  Nasidienus. 

64.  Suspendens  om.nia  naso :  'making  a  joke  of  the  whole.' 

67.  Tene :  sc.  num  cequum  est  ?  addressed  to  Nasidienus ;  '  is 
it  right  for  you,  racked  with  solicitude,  to  be  tortured  with  every 
species  of  anxiety,  that  I  may  be  splendidly  entertained,  &c.'  ? 

72.  Agaso :  '  a  groom,'  implying  that  Nasidienus  had  taken 
his  grooms  from  the  stable  to  attend  at  dinner.  His  speech  is  a 
satire  upon  the  dinner.  The  bread  was  burnt ;  the  sauce  badly 
made,  and  the  servants  taken  from  the  barn;  yet  Nasidienus 
takes  all  in  earnest,  and  breaks  forth  in  grateful  expressions 
to  Balatro. 

77.  Soleas  :  the  slippers  were  put  off  on  reclining  at  table. 

82.  JVon  dentur :  the  servants  were  slow  in  furnishing  the 
wine. 

83.  Fictis  rerum :  '  on  feigned  pretences,'  not  to  offend  their 
host. — Balatrone  secundo  :  '  Balatro  seconding  the  joke.' 

84.  JVasidiene  .  .  .frontis:  '  you  return,  good  Nasidienus,  with 
quite  another  countenance.' 

91.  Sine  clune:  these  ringdoves  Avere  probably  bought  cheap  ; 
since  the  rumps,  the  most  delicate  part,  wefe  so  tainted  as  to  be 
unfit  for  the  table. 

92.  Si  non  causas :  their  talkative  host  became  so  vexatious  in 
praising  and  descanting  on  everything,  that  they  were  glad  to 
escape  both  from  him  and  his  entertainment. 


316  NOTES. 


EPISTLES. 
BOOK  I. 

EPISTLE  I. 

This  epistle  is  addressed  to  Msecenas,  who,  it  ■would  seem,  had 
beeii  urging  our  poet  to  resume  his  lyre,  and  to  produce  more 
odes.  The  substance  of  his  reply  is,  that  he  had  become  too  old 
to  indulge  any  longer  in  these  trifles  ;  that  the  study  of  philoso- 
phy,  of  truth,  and  of  duty,  was  more  becoming  his  years,  and  bet- 
ter  suited  to  his  taste.  He  likewise  intimates  that  he  had  already 
gained  some  reputation  as  a  lyric  poet,  which  it  was  not  worth 
his  while  to  risk  by  any  further  efforts  in  this  way. 

1.  Primd  .  .  .  ludo :  the  construction  is,  O  McBcenas,  dide  mihi 
primd,  et  diccnde  summd  Camcend,  qu(Bris  includere  iterum  in  anti- 
quo  ludo  me,  satis  spectalum,  etjam  donatum  rude. 

2.  Donatum  jamrude  :  '  already  honorably  discharged.'  When 
gladiators  had  for  a  long  time  acquitted  themselves  honorably, 
they  were  presented  with  the  rudis,  a  kind  of  rod,  and  excused 
from  further  performance  in  public. 

4.  Vejanius :  he  was  a  famous  gladiator,  who  had  obtained  a 
discharge,  and  retired  into  the  country  to  avoid  further  exposure 
to  danger  on  the  arena. 

6.  Exoret :  '  ask  for  his  life,'  which  depended  on  the  will  of 
the  spectators. 

9.  Et  ilia  ducat :  '  and  become  broken-winded.' 

13.  Quo  me  .  .  .  tuter :  '  under  what  leader,  under  what  sect,  I 
take  shelter.'  By  lare  we  may  understand  '  family,'  or  '  sect  of 
philosophers.' 

14.  jYidlius  .  .  .  hospes :  '  bound  to  swear  to  the  tenets  of  no 
leader,  wherever  the  gale  carries  me,  I  am  borne  a  guest. ' 

32.  Est  quddam  prodire  tenus :  '  it  is  lawful  to  go  to  a  certain 
extent' 

44.  Devites :  '  you  try  to  escape.' 

47.  A^e  cures  .  .  .  vis :  '  are  you  unwilling  to  learn,  to  hear,  and 
to  trust  to  the  guidance  of  one  wiser  than  yourself,  that  you  may 
cease  to  care  for  those  things  which  you  now  admire  and  long 
after  ?' 

48.  Meliori  credere :  '  to  hearken  to  one  wiser  than  yourself.' 
50.  Magna . . .  Olympia :  '  disdains  to  be  crowned  at  the  Olympic 

games.'  Supply  certamina,  which  is  governed  by  secundum,  or 
quod  ad,  understood.  The  idea  is  ;  Who  would  not  prefer  to  be 
crowned  at  the  Olympic  games,  could  he  without  toil  and  danger 


EPISTLES.     BOOK  I.  317 

obtain  this  honor,   to  being  a  village    champion  in   petty  coiv- 

tests? 

59.  Plehs :  *aplebeian.' — Jlt pueriludentes :  this  passage  is sup 
posed  to  refer  to  a  game  at  ball,  in  which  he  who  made  the  fewest 
failures  was  styled  king. 

62,  Roscia:  i.  e.  the  law  of  L.  Roscius  Otho  which  assigned  to 
the  knights  at  the  theatres  and  public  games  fourteen  rows  of 
seats  next  to  the  orchestra. 

65.   Qiii :  sc.  suadet. 

68.  Responsare :  *  to  oppose.' 

77.  Conducere  publica :  '  in  farming  the  public  revenues.' 

78.  Crustis  .  .  .  avaras :  '  by  little  favors  would  gain  over  cov- 
etous  widows.' 

86.  Cras  .  .  .fabri:  'workmen,  you  will  carry  your  building 
materials  to  Thednum.^     This  was  a  beautiful  city  of  Campania. 

87.  Lectus  .  .  .  est :  i.  e.  is  he  married  ? 

91.   (^uid  pauper^:  'how  is  it  with  the  poor  man?' 
101.  Insanire  .  .  .  me :  '  you  think  me  affected  with  the  current 
madness.* 

EPISTLE  II. 

Horace,  having  in  his  retirement  read  Homer  with  unusual 
care  and  attention,  writes  to  his  friend  LoUius  at  Rome  his  reflec- 
tions  on  this  great  poet.  He  avails  himself  of  the  occasion, 
whUe  speaking  of  the  morals  contained  in  the  poem,  to  set  forth 
the  worth  and  importance  of  wisdom  and  virtue. 

2.  Declamas :  i.  e.  dicendi  arte  exerceris. 

7.  BarharifE  .  .  .  duello :  sc.  genti ;  '  to  have  been  involved  in  a 
protracted  war  with  a  foreign  nation.' — Collisa  literally  raeans, 
'  dashed  against.'  The  Greeks,  and,  after  their  example,  the  Ro- 
mans,  called  all  nations,  except  their  own,  barbarians ;  which 
is  equivalent  toforeigners. 

9.  Antenor :  Antenor  recommends  the  restoration  of  Helen, 
and  thus  to  remove  the  cause  of  the  war. 

31.  Ad  strepitum  .  .  .  curam :  '  and  by  the  sound  of  the  harp 
to  lull  their  cares  to  sleep.'  Cessatum,  for  which  there  are  vari- 
ous  readings,  is  a  supine  ;  cessatum  ducere,  '..to  soothe,'  '  to  put  to 
rest.' 

34.  Curres  hydropicus :  '  you  wOl  run  when  seized  with  the 
dropsy.'  Running  was  prescribed  for  the  dropsy  by  Celsus  and 
others. 

38.  »511  quid  est  animum :  '  if  anything  preys  upon  the  mind.* 


EPISTLE  III. 

In  the  year  of  Rome  731,  Tiberius  was  sent  with  an  army  into 
Dalmatia.    Julius  Florus,  to  whom  this  epistle  is  addressed,  at* 

37* 


318  ■  NOTES. 

tended  him  in  this  expedition.  Tiberius  continued  regulating 
aflTairs  in  the  East,  till  he  was  ordered  by  Augustus  into  Armenia. 
It  was  at  this  time  that  Horace  wrote  this  epistle  to  Florus,  de- 
scribing  the  route  of  Tiberius  through  Thrace,  and  requesting  to 
be  informed  on  various  subjects  of  public  and  private  nature. 
He  also  advises  Florus  to  be  on  good  terms  with  Munatius,  be- 
tween  whom  there  had  been  some  misunderstanding. 

6.  Qiiid  .  .  .  stndt :  '  in  what  literary  labors  is  the  studious 
train  engaged  ?'  The  attendants  and  companions  of  Tiberius 
in  this  expedition  were  literary  men,  studiosa  cohors,  '  studious 
retinue  ;'    operum  is  governed  by  quid. 

9.  Titius :  Titius  Septimius  was  a  Roman  knight  of  taste 
and  talents,  who  was  about  to  publish  his  poetic  worlis ;  Romana 
brevi  venturus  in  ora. 

10.  J^on  expalluit :  '  feared  not.' 

12.  Utvaletf:  'is  he  well  ?' 

13.  Auspice  Musd  :  '  with  the  aid  of  the  Muses.' 

17.  Scripta  .  .  .  Apollo :  i.  e.  the  writings  deposited  in  the  li- 
brary  in  the  temple  dedicated  to  Apollo  on  mount  Palatine. 

19.  Cornicula:  sc.  sicuti :  referring  to  the  fable  of  the  jack- 
daw  dressed  in  the  feathers  of  other  birds. 

30.  Si  tibi .  .  .  Munatius  :  '  whether  you  have  as  much  regard 
for  Munatius  as  you  ought  to  have.'  There  appears  to  have  been 
some  misunderstanding  between  Florus  and  his  friend  Munatius, 


EPISTLE  IV. 

The  poet  Tibullus,  to  whom  this  ode  was  addressed,  was  a 
Roman  knight  of  fortune,  taste,  and  elegance.  He  espoused  the 
cause  of  liberty  with  Brutus,  and  had  suffered  in  his  estate  in  con- 
sequence  ;  as  his  lands  were  among  those  confiscated.  Four 
books  of  elegies  are  all  that  remain  of  his  works.  These  for 
sweetness  and  pathos  are  hardly  surpassed  by  anything  in  the 
language. 

1.  JVostrorum  sermonum :  *  of  my  satires.' 

2.  In  regione  Pedand :  '  in  the  region  of  Pedum,'  a  town  of  La- 
tium,  where  Tibullus  had  a  villa. 

3.  Cassi  Parmensis  :  '  Cassius  of  Parma.'  He  valued  himself 
on  the  fertility  of  his  genius  ;  and  regarded  the  number  of  verses 
he  could  write  in  a  given  time,  rather  than  their  excellence. 
This  is  raillery  in  Horace. 

13.  Supremum:  the  Epicureans  inculcated  this  maxim,  that 
every  day  was  to  be  enjoyed  as  if  it  were  the  last  Then,  if 
another  were  given,  it  would  be  considered  a  gratuity,  and  be 
the  more  gratefully  received. 


EPISTLES.    BOOK  I.  319 


EPISTLE  V. 

In  this  epistle  Horace  invites  Torquatus  to  sup  with  him  on 
CaBsar's  birthday.  He  promises  a  homely  entertainment,  but  a 
hearty  welcome. 

1.  Archiacis  .  .  .  lectis :  there  was  one  Archias,  well  known  as 
the  manufacturer  of  the  cheaper  kind  of  beds.  They  were  short- 
er  than  the  more  costly  kinds. 

3.  Supremo  .  .  .  manebo :  '  I  shall  expect  you  at  my  house,  Tor- 
quatus,  about  sunset.' 

4.  Iterum  Tauro :  sc.  consule ;  '  in  the  second  consulship  of 
Taurus.' 

6.  Arcesse  .  .  .fer:  'either  send  for  it,  or  obey  the  commanda 
I  impose.' 

9.  Moschi:  Moschus  was  an  orator  of  Pergamus,  whose  de- 
fence  Torquatus  had  undertaken  against  a  charge  of  poisoning 
some  one. 

12.  Quo  .  .  .  uti :  sc.  prodest ;  the  construction  is,  si  non  con- 
ceditur  uti  fortund,  quo  mihi  prodest  ?  '  if  I  am  not  allowed  to 
enjoy  good  fortune  when  it  comes,  what  good  does  it  do  me  ?' 

14.  Assidet  insano  :  '  is  next  to  a  madman.' 

.20.  Solutum:  sc.  curis. 

25.  Eliminet :  for  evulget,  effutiat. 

27.  Et .  . .  detinet :  '  and  Sabinus,  unless  a  prior  engagement 
to  supper,  or  a  more  agreeable  companion  detains  him.' 

28.  Umbris  :  '  uninvited  guests.' 

29.  OlidcB  .  .  .  caprcB  :  i.  e.  a  strong  scent. 


EPISTLE  VI. 

In  this  epistle  Horace  shows  to  his  friend  Numicius  the  folly 
of  extravagant  and  ill-timed  admiration.  He  shows  that  happi- 
ness  does  not  consist  in  a  love  of  the  marvellous  ;  or  in  the  in- 
dulgence  of  a  taste  for  novelty ;  but  in  a  virtuous  life,  and  a 
mind  elevated  above  the  influence  of  admiration  or  surprise. 

3.  Et  decedentia  .  .  .  momentis  :  '  and  the  seasons  retiring  at 
fixed  periods.' 

7.  Ludicra  quid :  i.  e.  what  do  you  think  of  public  shows,  of 
applauses,  and  of  the  honors  conferred  by  the  Roman  people  ?  in 
what  manner  are  they  to  be  regarded  ?  with  what  feeling  and 
look,  do  you  think  ? 

10.  Pavor :  '  disquietude  of  mind.' 

15.  Mquus  iniqui :  sc.  Vir  cequus  ferat  nomen  iniqui 

22.  Mutus :  '*  homo  ignobilis,  uxoris  dote  dives  factus,  quicun- 
que  demum  fuerit."  Doer.  One  of  no  rank  or  eloquence,  who 
has  not  risen  by  his  own  talents  or  industry,  but  by  his  wife's  for- 
tune. — Et  indignum  .  .  ,  illi :  '  and,  what  would  be  shameful  to 


320  NOTES. 

happen,  since  he  is  of  humbler  origin,  lest  he  should  be  a  sub- 
ject  of  envy  to  you,  instead  of  you  being  so  to  him.' 

25.  (^uumbene:  the  purport  of  the  whole  passage  is  this:  Time 
will  bring  hidden  things  to  light,  and  will  bury  the  conspicuous 
in  oblivion.  Though  you  novv  glitter  in  the  walks  of  fashion, 
you  must  soon  go  where  Numa  and  Anchus  have  gone. 

31.  j^irtutem  verba  putes :  '  do  you  think  virtue  consists  mere- 
ly  of  words  ?^ 

34.  Totidem  altera :  '  another  thousand  talents.' 

37.  Regina  pecunia  :  '  sovereign  money.' 

38.  Ac  .  .  .  Venusque :  '  Persuasion  and  Venus  grace  the  man 
of  wealth.' 

51.  Trans  pondera  :  i.  e.  who  may  remind  you  to  extend  your 
hand  in  salutation  across  the  loaded  wagons,  &c.  in  the  crowded 
streets. 

52.  Hic  .  .  .  Velind  :  suppose  the  slave  to  jog  his  master,  and  to 
say,  '  this  man  has  great  influence  in  the  Fabiau  tribe,  and  that 
one  in  the  Velinian.' 

56.  Lucet :  '  it  is  daylight.' 

61.  Crudi  tumidique  :   '  with  stomachs  full  and  overloaded.' 

62.  C(Rrite  cerd :  the  inhabitants  of  Ccere,  having  been  admit- 
ted  to  all  the  privileges  of  Roman  citizens,  forfeited  them  by  a 
revolt.  They  afterwards  submitted,  and  received  the  rights  of 
citizenship,  except  the  right  of  voting,  of  which  they  were  de- 
prived.  When  any  one  afterwards  forfeited  liis  right  of  voting, 
he  was  said  to  be  placed  in  the  register  of  the  Cfcrites, 


EPISTLE  VII. 

On  retiring  into  the  country,  Horace  had  promised  his  patron 
that  he  would  return  in  five  days.  But  after  spending  the  whole 
month  of  August,  he  writes  this  epistle  to  Ma;cenas,  by  way  of 
apology  for  breaking  his  engagement.  The  natural  and  easy 
manner  in  which  Horace  excuses  himself  to  his  illustrious 
friend,  shows  that  it  is  possible  to  enjoy  the  favor  of  the  great 
w^ithout  sacrificing  one's  independence,  or  descending  to 
servility. 

2.  Sextilem :  the  Romans  began  their  year  in  March,  the  sixth 
month  from  which  was  called  SextUis.  Afterwards  it  took  the 
name  of  Augustus,  mensis  Augustus ;  as  that  before  it  did  of 
Julius  Csesar,  mensis  Julius. 

5.  Ficus  prima:  the  hot,  unhealthy  season,  with  its  fatal 
effects,  is  briefly  and  beautifully  expressed  by  the  ripening  of 
the  fig,  and  the  funeral  procession. 

6.  Designatorem :  the  person  who  had  the  care  of  marshalling 
fiineral  processions  was  called  designator,  '  the  undertaker.' 

12.  Contractus :  '  snug  in  his  apartment,'  he  will  indulge  in 
reading.    There  are  various  glosses  on  this  passage. 


EPISTLES.     BOOK  I.  7.  321 

14.  Calaher  :  i.  e.  any  rustic  host.  Horace  was  himself  a  Ca- 
labrian,  and  tliis  circumstance  increases  the  humor  of  the  following 
dialogue. 

16.  Benign^ :  '  I  thank  you  kindly.' 

21.  H(£c  .  .  .  annis :  i.  e.  this  profuse  generosity  always  has, 
and  always  will  make  men  ungrateful. 

22.  Vir  .  .  .  paratus  :  '  a  good  and  wise  man  says  that  he  is 
prepared  for  the  deserving  ;'  i.  e.  he  is  prepared  to  bestovv  favors 
on  those  who  deserve  them.  Paratus  in  the  nominative  is 
put  with  the  infinitive  by  a  Greek  construction,  for  se  paratum 
esse.     The  reference  is  to  Msecenas. 

23.  Mra  lupinis :  '  coins  from  lupins.'  In  theatrical  exhibitions, 
lupins  were  so  done  up  as  to  resemble  coins,  and  used  instead  of 
them. 

24.  Dignum  .  .  .  merentis  :  '  I  too,  as  the  praise  of  my  patron 
deserves,  Avill  show  myself  worthy  of  his  favors.' 

25.  Reddes  forte  latus  :  i.  e.  you  will  restore  my  youthful  vig- 
cr,  the  black  locks  that  shaded  my  short  forehead,  &c. 

28.  Tenuis  niledula:   '  a  lean  field  mouse.' 

29.  In  cumeram  frumenti :    '  into  a  basket  of  corn.' 

33.  Hac  .  .  .  resigno  :  i.  e.  if  this  fable  be  applied  to  me,  I 
give  up  all  your  favors. 

34.  Satur  altilium:  'when  surfeited  with  dainties.' — JVec 
otia  .  .  .  muto  :  '  nor  would  exchange  my  repose,  and  the  freedom 
enjoyed  with  it,  for  the  wealth  of  Arabia.' 

38.  Inspice  .  .  .  lcetus  :  'try  me,  and  see  if  I  can  cheerfully  re- 
sign  what  you  have  given  me.' 

47.  Carinas :  the  Carin^B  was  a  part  of  the  city  where  Philip 
and  other  distinguished  Romans  had  their  residence.  Though 
not  very  far  from  the  Forum,  it  seemed  to  be  so  to  the  counsellor 
now  advanced  in  years. 

49.   Adrasum  :  '  smoothly  shaved.' 

52.     Unde  domo  :  i.  e.  Romanus  an  hospes ;  qudnam  exfamilid. 

56.  Et  properare :  i.  e.  knowing  both  when  to  hasten,  and 
when  to  relax  ;  when  to  gain,  and  when  to  enjoy  the  fruits  of  his 
industry. 

61.  Benignh:  'I  thank  your  master  kindly.'  Vateius  thus 
civilly  declines  the  invitation  of  Philip. 

64.  Tunicato  popello  :  'to  the  poorer  sort  of  people.' — Vilia 
scruta :  these  words  mean,  old  clothes,  old"  iron,  and  any  trash  of 
this  kind. 

67.   (^ubd  non  .  .  .  eum  :  i.  e.  that  he  had  not  seen  him  first. 

83.  Sulcos  .  .  .  mera :  '  he  talks  of  nothing  but  furrows  and  vine- 
yards.' — Mera :  *  solely,' '  only.' 


322  NOTES. 


EPISTLE    VIII. 

This  epistle  is  addressed  to  Celsus  Albinovanus,  the  secretary 
of  Tiberius,  who  is  mentioned  Book  I.  Ep.  III.  15.  Horace  de- 
scribes  himself  as  laboring  under  hypochondriac  afFections,  incon- 
stant,  contradictory,  and  unreasonable. 

1.  Celso  .  . .  JVeronis  :  the  construction  is,  O  Miisa  rogata,  refcr 
Celso  Albinovano,  comiti  scribcBque  J^eronis,  gaudere  et  gerere 
rem  henL  This  is  an  imitation  of  the  Greek  form  of  salutation, 
xaiqnv  xai  hvjiQuTtnv:  'give  joy  and  success.' 

3.  Minantem :  '  promising,'  '  intending.' 

10.  Cur  .  .  .  veterno :  '  because  they  strive  to  rouse  me  from 
this  fatal  lethargy.'     Cur  is  equivalent  to  ideo,  qubd.     Doer. 

12.  Ventosus :  '  inconstant,'  '  changefuL' 

13.  Rem  gerat :  ut  scriba  apud  JVeronem. 

14.  Ut  placeat  juveni:  'how  he  stands  with  the  youthful 
prjnce,'  Tiberius  Claudius  Nero. — Cohorti :  'to  the  courtiers,' 
about  the  prince. 

17.  Ut  tu  .  .  .feremus:  the  poet  bids  the  muse  to  remind  his 
friend  Celsus,  that  their  future  intimacy  will  depend  upon  him- 
self :  if  in  his  high  station  he  does  not  forget  his  old  friend,  nei- 
ther  will  that  friend  forget  him :  '  as  thou  bearest  thy  high  for- 
tune,   Celsus,  so  will  we  conduct  ourselves  towards  thee.' 


EPISTLE  IX. 

This  is  a  letter  of  introduction  and  commendation  to  Tiberius 
Claudius  Nero  in  behalf  of  Septimius,  the  poet's  particular  friend. 
The  great  delicacy  necessary  on  such  an  occasion  is  manifestly 
felt  by  Horace,  who  pleads  the  importunity  of  his  friend,  as  an 
excuse  for  what  he  does,  with  modesty  and  seeming  reluctance. 

1.  Septimius  .  .  .facias:  '  O  Claudius,  Septimius  alone,  forsooth, 
knows  how  high  I  stand  in  your  esteem.' 

6.  Q^uid  .  .  .  ipso  :  '  he  sees  and  understands  how  much  influ- 
ence  I  have  with  you  much  better  than  I  do  myself.' 

10.  Sic  ego  .  .  .  prfEmia :  '  so  I,  to  avoid  the  appearance  of  a 
greater  crime  (unwillingness  to  serve  a  friend),  have  taken  upon 
myself  a  little  modest  assurance.'  Descendi  expresses  his  unwill- 
ingness,  and  that  he  did  not  at  first  intend  to  do  it. 


EPISTLE  X. 

There  are  few  persons  insensible  to  the  pleasures  of  the  coun- 
try.  In  Horace  the  love  of  rural  retirement  became  a  kind  of 
passion ;  and  the  praises  he  bestows  in  this  epistle  on  a  country  life, 
and  on  contentment  with  one's  lot,  are  pleasing  and  instructive. 


EPISTLES.    BOOK  I.  323 

5.  Vetvli  notique  columhi :  sc.  ut :  '  like  a  pair  of  old  and 
constant  doves.' 

8.   Quit/  qiKBris  :  '  what  would  you  more  ?' 

10.  Sacerdotis  fugitivus :  the  priest's  slave,  tired  of  tlie  cakes 
and  delicacies  offered  at  the  altar.  runs  away  from  his  master 
that  he  may  get  a  little  common  bread.  So  our  poet  would  retreat 
from  the  luxuries  and  artificial  pleasures  of  the  city  to  the  simple 
and  natural  enjoyments  of  the  country. 

13.  Ponendceque  .  .  .  primiiyn :  '  and  if  in  the  first  place  a  situa- 
tion  is  to  be  selected  for  building  a  house.' 

19.  Deteriiis  .  .  .  lapillis :  *  does  a  verdant  carpet  of  grass  and 
flowers  smell  less  sweetly  or  look  less  beautiful  than  a  tesselated 
pavement  of  Libyan  marbles  ?' 

24.  JVaturam . . .  victrix :  '  you  will  banish  nature  by  violence,  yet 
she  will  always  return,  and,  victorious,  will  insensibly  triumph  over 
unreasonable  disgusts.' — Furcd :  '  with  a  pitchfork  ;'  a  figure  de- 
rived  from  rural  employments. 

26.  JVon  .  .  .falsum  :  'the  merchant,  who  has  not  skill  to  distin- 
guish  the  fleeces  that  drink  the  dye  of  Aquinum  from  the  real 
Sidonian  purple,  will  not  suffer  a  more  sure,  or  more  deeply  af- 
fecting  loss,  than  he  who  cannot  distinguish  falsehood  from  truth.' 
At  Aquinum  a  dye  was  made  in  imitation  of  the  far-famed  purple 
of  Tyre  and  Sidon. 

31.  Pones  invitus  :  'you  will  resign  it  "wdth  reluctance.' 

32.  lAcet .  .  .  amicos  :  '  beneath  an  humble  roof  one  may  enjoy 
life  better  than  kings  and  the  favorites  of  kings.' 

49.  Fanumputre  VacuncB :  Vacuna  was  the  goddess  of  ease 
and  leisure,  and  had  an  old  temple  in  the  Sabine  country,  not 
far  from  Horace's  country  seat. — Putre  :  vetustate  obsoletum. 

50;  Excepto  :  sc.  eo ;  '  except  this,'  that  you  are  absent. 


EPISTLE  XL 

It  is  not  known  who  Bullatius  was,  to  whom  this  letter  was  ad- 
dressed.  But  he  is  supposed  to  have  retired  to  Asia  when  the 
last  quarrel  was  breaking  out  between  Augustus  and  Antony, 
that  he  might  not  again  behold  the  horrors  of  a  civil  war.  When 
it  was  ended,  our  poet  invites  him  to  return  to  Rome  ;  and  gives 
such  excellent  maxims  as  might  be  useful  to  a  person  too  much 
inclined  to  despondency.     Sanadon. 

1.  Qiiid  .  .  .  Lesbos :  'how  does  Chios  appeaj  to  you,  and  famed 
Lesbos,  O  Bullatius  ?' 

5.  Attalicis  . . .  una :  '  one  of  the  cities  ruled  by  Attalus.* 
7.  DeseHior  .  .  .  vicus  :  sc.  nunc  ;  i.  e.  though  now  but  a  de- 
serted  village  ;  it  was  once  a  very  celebrated  city. 

14.   Utfortunatam  .  .  ,  vitam :  '  as  fuUy  completing  a  happy  life.* 
17.  Incolumi  . .  .  solstitio :  '  to  a  sound  mind  Rhodes  and  fair 
Mitylene  are  about  the  same  as  a  great  coat  in  summer.' 


324  NOTES. 

21.  Rom(2  :  i.  e.  when  you  are  at  Rome,  let  Samos,  Chios  and 
Rhodes  be  praised. 

25.  JYam  si  .  .  .  aiifert :  *  for  if  reason  and  pnidence  only,  and 
no  situation,  however  commanding  its  prospect  over  the  expand- 
ed  ocean,  can  dispel  our  cares.' 


EPISTLE  XII. 

This  epistle  is  addressed  to  the  same  person  to  whom  Horace 
addressed  the  XXIVth  Ode  of  the  first  Book.  He  there  ralliea 
Iccius  with  some  humor  on  turning  soldier,  and  abandoning  his 
literary  and  philosophical  pursuits.  He  now  ridicules  his  love  of 
money,  blended  with  those  pursuits. 

1.  Fructibus  AgrippcB  Siculis :  Iccius  was,  at  the  time  this  epis- 
tle  was  addressed  to  him,  agent  and  superintendent  of  the  estates 
of  Agrippa  in  Sicily  ;  an  office  of  no  trifling  emolument. 

7.  In  medio  positorum :  '  in  the  midst  of  abundance  spread 
out  before  you.' 

12.  Miramur  si :  i.  e.  can  we  wonder  that  the  fields  and  crops 
of  Democritus  became  the  prey  of  flocks,  while  his  mind  was 
searching  for  the  hidden  causes  of  things  ;  when  you,  amidst  so 
corrupt  an  age,  where  the  love  of  gain  spreads  like  a  contagion, 
withdraw  your  mind  from  all  low  inquiries,  and  employ  yourself 
in  the  sublime  study  of  nature  ?  This  is  probably  irony,  for  the 
poet's  amusement. 

21.  Seu  pisces,  seuporrum :  a  humorous  allusion  to  the  doctrines 
of  Pythagoras,  who  taught  that  the  soul,  in  its  transmigrations, 
passed  into  plants  as  well  as  animals. 

22.  Utere  . .  .  ultro  defer :  '  give  a  kind  reception  to  Pompeiua 
Grosphus  ;  and  if  he  request  anything,  grant  it  readiiy.' 

24.  Vilis  .  .  .  deest :  '  the  harvest  of  friends  to  be  acquired  is 
cheap,  when  good  men  need  anything.'  Because  they  can  be 
gained  by  a  trifling  favor,  wanting  nothing  but  what  is  just  and 
honorable. 

28.  Accepit  genihvs  minor :  '  has  received  on  bcnded  knees.' 


EPISTLE  XIII. 

It  seems  our  poet  had  intrusted  several  rolls  of  his  writings, 
volumina,  to  his  friend  Vinius  Asella,  to  be  carried  to  Augustus. 
But  he  was  anxious  that  they  should  be  presentcd  at  a  proper 
time,  when  he  might  not  be  employed  by  more  weighty  concerns ; 
and  that  they  should  not,  through  too  much  zeal  on  the  part  of 
his  friend,  be  urged  upon  the  emperor  unseasonably. 

2.  Signata :  he  wished  them  to  be  delivered  sealed,  that  they 
might  not  be  the  subject  of  impertinent  cnriosity  to  the  courtiers. 


EPISTLES.    BOOK  I.  325 

4.  Odiumque  .  .  .  minister :  '  and  by  too  much  zeal  bring  odium 
on  my  works,  as  an  officious  agent.' 

8.  Asince :  Horace  humorously  reminds  Asella  not  to  stumble 
awkwardly  with  his  budget  into  C8Bsar's  presence  ;  lest  the  cour- 
tiers  should  make  a  joke  of  him,  and  of  his  surname,  which  sig- 
nifies  a  litile  a^s. 

12.  Sub  ald :  '  under  your  arm.' 

14.  Ut .  .  .  lanfb :  '  as  drunken  Pyrrhia  carries  her  bottoms,  or 
balls,  of  stolen  yarn.'     A  character  in  a  comedy  hy  Titinnius. 

15.  Conviva  tnbidis  :  '  a  tribe-guest.'  This  word  signifies  a 
guest  of  humble  condition,  perhaps  from  the  country,  who,  being 
invited  to  an  entertainment  by  a  more  wealthy  individual  of  the 
same  tribe,  proceeds  thitherbarefoot,  with  his  slippers  and  cap  un- 
der  his  arm.  He  carries  his  slippers  or  sandals,  that  they  may  be 
clean  when  he  enters  the  house  of  his  kinsman,  and  his  cap,  as  is 
usually  supposed,  to  wear  home  in  case  of  rain,  or  to  protect  his 
head  from  the  dampness  of  the  night. 


EPISTLE  XIV. 

This  epistle  is  addressed  by  Horace  to  his  steward  in  the  coun- 
try,  showing  him  the  folly  of  preferring  a  life  in  the  city  to  one  in 
the  country,  He  says  this  preference  arises  from  inconstancy  of 
mind,  and  a  love  of  chanfje.  For  this  steward  had  been  transfer- 
red,  at  his  own  earnest  request,  from  Rome  to  his  present  situa- 
tion. 

2.  Quem  .  .  .  patres :  '  which,  though  you  despise  it,  has  five 
dwelling  houses  upon  it,  and  was  wont  to  send  five  good  senators 
to  Varia.'  This  estate  was  within  the  jurisdiction  of  Varia, 
where  the  most  respectable  commoners  convened  to  consult  on 
public  affairs.  Some  commentators  understand  by  patres,  heads  of 
families  who  went  to  Varia  occasionally  about  their  own  afFairs. 

10.  Ego  :  sc.  dico. 

14.  Tu  mediastinus :  *  you  when  a  slave  of  the  lowest  rank.* 

19.  Tesqua  :  '  wilds.' 

22.  Et  qubd  .  .  .  uvd  :  '  and  because  this  farm  of  mine  producea 
pepper  and  frankincense  rather  than  the  grape.' 

28.  Disjunctum  :  '  when  unyoked.' 

32.   Quem  :  sc.  me  : — tenues  togfB  :  '  fine  garments.* 

35.  Sed  .  . .  ludum :  '  but  not  to  set  bounds  to  indulgence. ' 

38.  Moventem:  sc.  me  videntes. 

41.  Calo  :  this  means  a  slave  of  the  lowest  order,  that  is  em- 
ployed  in  bringing  wood  and  water,  and  performing  other  similar 
offices  in  a  family. 

43.  Quam  .  .  .  artem :  '  I  shall  decide  that  each  of  you  pursue 
contentedly  the  business  he  understands.' 
28 


326  NOTES. 


EPISTLE  XV. 

Antonius  Musa,  physician  to  Augustus,  had  recommended  tlio 
cold  bath  to  Horace,  who  practised  cold  bathing  in  Clusium  and 
Gabii.  But  finding  the  winter  too  severe,  he  resolved  to  go  to 
^ome  warmer  climate,  and  try  sea-bathing.  For  this  reason,  he 
writes  to  his  friend  Numonius  Vala,  who  had  been  using  the  baths 
at  Velia  and  Salernum,  to  give  him  some  account  of  the  climate, 
people,  accommodations,  &c.  The  beginning  of  this  epistle  is 
very  much  transposed  and  confused.  We  must  look  as  far  as  the 
twenty-fourth  verse  before  we  can  get  the  natural  arrangement 
of  the  thoughts. 

1.  Qm<e  sit  hienis  :  before  taking  in  this,  it  seems  necessary  to 
bring  in  the  twenty-fourth  verse  :  Par  est  te  scribere  nobis,  ac 
nos  accredere  tibi,  qu(E  sit  hiems  VelicB  ;  i.  e.  you  must  write  to 
me,  Vala,  what  kind  of  winter  you  have  at  Velia,  and  what  the 
climate  of  Salernum ;  what  is  the  character  of  the  inhabitants, 
and  how  the  roads  are  ;  for  Antonius  Musa  assures  me  that  the 
waters  of  Baiae  are  useless  to  me. 

3.  niis  :  i.  e.  to  the  people  at  Baise,  for  slighting  their  warm 
baths. 

5.  San^  .  .  .  gemit :  'indeed  the  village  is  vexed  that  their 
myrtle  groves  and  sulphur  baths  should  be  neglected,  so  long 
famed  for  driving  away  maladies  settling  on  the  nerves.' 

13.  Sed  .  .  .  in  ore :  '  butto  horses  the  ear  is  in  the  bitted  mouth.' 

21.  Tractus  uter  .  .  .  apros  :  i.  e.  utra  regio,  VelifEne  an  Salerni  7 
'  which  region  produces  hares  in  greatest  abundance,  and  which 
wild  boars.' 

23.  Pinguis  .  .  .  Phceaxque:  'plump,  and  a  real  Phseacian;' 
i.  e.  similis  Alcinoo  luxurioso  regi  Phaacum. 

32.  Timidis :  these  are  they  who,  fearing  the  slanderous  dis- 
position  of  Msenius,  entertained  him  in  hope  of  escaping  his  cal- 
umnies. 

35.  Scilicet .  .  .  Bestius  :  '  forsooth,  like  the  reformer  Bestius, 
he  would  declare  all  the  while  that  the  bellies  of  gluttons  ought 
to  be  branded  with  a  hot  iron.' — JVepotutn:  'of  gluttons.'  The 
Greeks  and  Romans  branded  the  belly  of  a  ghittonous  slave  ;  the 
feet  of  a  fugitive  ;  the  hands  of  a  thief,  and  the  tongue  of  a  bab- 
bler.     Dacier. 

39.  Bona  :  '  their  estates.' 

41.  JVimirum  .  .  .  sum :  '  in  fact,  just  such  a  one  am  L' 


EPISTLE  XVI. 

We  may  suppose  that  Quinctius  had  rallied  Horace  on  the 
extent  and  magnificence  of  his  country-seat,  that  had  charms  suf- 
ficient  to  detain  him  so  long  from  Rome.     The  poet,  afler  givingf 


? 


EPISTLES.     BOOK  I.  ,  327 

a  description  of  his  residence,  falls  into  some  moral  reflections 
which  may  have  a  bearin^  on  the  character  of  Q,uinctius,  and  be 
an  offset  to  what  he  had  before  written  to  Horace. 

1.  ATs  perconteris  .  .  .  ulino  :  '  that  you  may  not  have  the  trouble 
of  inquiring,  most  excellent  Quinctius,  whether  my  farm  supplies 
its  owner  with  grain,  or  enriches  him  with  olives,  fruits,  pastur- 
age,  or  vines  covering  the  elms.' 

4.  Loquaciter :  '  at  full  length." 

14.  Injirmo  .  .  .  alvo :  '  and  excellent  for  disorders  of  the  head 
and  the  stomach.' 

17.   (^uod  audis :  '  what  you  have  the  reputation  of  being.' 

19.  Sed  vercor  .  .  .  heatum  :  '  but  I  fear  that  you  rely  more  on 
the  judgment  of  others  about  yourself,  than  you  do  on  your  own  ; 
and  that  you  think  a  man  may  be  happy  without  being  wise  and 
good.' 

23.  Manibus  unctis :  as  the  Romans  used  no  forks  in  eating, 
their  fingers  would  of  course  be  liable  to  become  greasy.  The 
idea  is,  I  fear  you  will  conceal  your  disease  till  trembling  shajl 
seize  you  when  eating. 

25.  Si  quis  .  .  .  possis :  '  should  any  one  speak  of  battles  fought 
by  you  by  land  and  sea,  and  soothe  your  willing  ears  with  words 
like  these,  "  May  Jupiter,  who  consults  both  your  good  and  the 
city's,  keep  it  doubtful  whether  the  people  be  more  anxious  for 
your  welfare,  or  you  for  theirs,"  you  would  perceive  that  these 
are  praises  which  belong  to  Augustus.'  The  apparently  acci- 
dental  manner  of  introducing  the  praises  of  Augustus  is  not  tlie 
least  beautiful  feature  in  this  passage. 

31.  Respondesne  tuo  nomine :  '  do  you  answer  to  this  charac- 
ter  as  your  own  ?' 

36.  Idem  si,  &c  :  the  construction  is,  si  idem  clamet  me  essefu- 
rem,  neget  me  esse  pudicuni,  &c. 

41.  Consulta  patrum :  'the  decrees  of  the  senate.' 

49.  Renuit  negat  atque  Sahellus :  'I  object  to  and  deny  that.' 
Horace  pleasantly  styles  himself  Sahellus  :  inasmuch  as  country 
people  allow  their  slaves  to  take  greater  liberty  than  they  have 
in  the  city.  The  situation  of  atque  after  negat  is  unusual  and 
forced  ;  and  it  has  given  occasion  to  various  conjectures. 

60.  Labra-movet :  i.  e.  after  addressing  Janus  or  Apollo,  with 
a  loud  voice,  he  whispers  his  prayer  to  Laverna,  fearing  some 
one  else  will  hear  him,  Laverna  was  the  "protectress  of  thieves 
and  impostors. 

EPISTLE  XVIL 

Horace  gives  his  young-  friend  Scasva  some  instructions  re- 
specting  his  conduct  at  court ;  that  ho  may  preserve  his  integ- 
rity,  and  pass  with  honor  and  happiness  througli  that  scene  of 
danger  and  temptation.  He  shows  that  an  active  life,  the  hfe  of 
a  man  determined  to  deserve  and  secure  the  favor  and  esteem  of 


328  NOTES. 

the  great  by  his  own  merit,  is  infinitely  more  honorable  than  a 
lifc  spent  in  indoience,  without  emulation  or  ambition.  He  cau- 
tions  him  ao-ainst  askinof  favors. 

10.  Fefdlit :  sc.  lucem  publicam ;  i.  e.  latuit  in  obscuro ;  'has 
escaped  public  notice.' 

12.  Accedes  siccus  ad  unctum :  i.  e.  you  will  make  your  court 
to  the  great. 

14.  Si  sciret .  .  .  noiat :  '  if  he  (Diogenes),  who  censures  me, 
knew  how  to  ingratiate  himself  with  kings,  he  would  despise 
his  plate  of  pot-herbs.'  This  is  the  reply  of  Aristippus,  to  the 
remark  of  Diog-enes,  that  "  if  Aristippus  could  dine  contentedly 
on  pot-herbs,  he  would  not  seek  the  society  of  kings." 

19.  Scwror  .  .  .  mihi :  '  I  play  the  buffoon  for  my  own  interest,' 
i.  e.  to  the  great. 

21.  Officium  facio :  '  I  but  do  my  duty,'  that  I  may  ride  on 
horseback  and  live  at  the  expense  of  a  Idng ;  i.  e.  I  pay  my  court 
to  sovereignty,  which  we  were  born  to  obey  ;  while  you  are  a 
slave  to  the  people. — Tu  .  .  .  egentem :  '  you  beg  the  mcanest  of 
things,  and  are  inferior  to  the  giver,  however  low ;  while  at  the 
same  time  you  boast  of  wanting  nothing.' 

25.  Quem  . .  .  velat :  '  whom  obstinacy  clothes  with  a  coarse 
garment  as  thick  as  two.' 

36.  JVon  cuivis  .  .  .  Corinthum :  this  is  an  old  proverb  ;  mean- 
ing  that  the  rich  only  could  bear  the  expense  of  visiting  Corinth. 

44.  Plus  poscente  ferent :  '  shall  obtain  more  than  one  who 
demands.' 

48.  Succinit .  .  .  quadra  :  'another  subjoins,  "  and  the  bounty 
shall  be  divided,  and  a  quarter  given  to  me."  '  Qiiadra  literally 
means  a  quadrant,  or  a  quarter  of  a  round  cake,  cut  from  tlie 
centre  to  the  circumference. 

59.  Planum  :  '  a  vagrani,'  that  had  before  practised  imposition, 
though  his  leg  be  at  last  actually  broken. 

62.   QiKBre  peregrinum  :  '  ask  one  who  does  not  know  you.' 


EPISTLE  XVIII. 

This  epistle  contains  the  advice  of  Horace  to  LoUius,  a  young 
gentleman  in  whose  happiness  our  poet  took  much  interest ;  and 
who  was  yet  inexperienced  in  the  wiles  and  temptations  of  a 
courtier's  life.  He  had  already  written  one  letter  to  him  to 
guard  him  against  some  mistakes  that  might  be  fatal  to  his  virtue. 

9.  Virtus  .  .  .  reductum :  '  virtue  holds  a  middle  place  between 
these  vices,  and  is  distinct  from  each.' 

10.  Imi  derisor  lecti :  the  jesters  and  buffoons  usually  took  the 
lowest  of  the  three  couches  at  table. 

11.  Horret :   'regards  ;'  'observes.' 

15.  Rixatur  .  .  .  caprind  :  this  is  an  old  proverb,  meaning  'to 
wrangle  about  trifles.' 


EPISTLES.     BOOK  I.  329 

16.  Scilicet .  .  .  sordet :  i.  e.  forsooth,  may  1  not  be  believed 
first  ?  and  may  I  not  speak  my  mind  without  restraint?  I  would 
disdain  life  on  other  conditions. 

24.  Dives  .  .  .  horrct :  '  his  rich  friend,  though  ten  times  more 
deep  m  vice,  hates  and  despises  him.' 

27.  Plus  .  .  .  viili :  '  wishes  him  to  be  more  wise  and  more  vir- 
tuous  than  he  is  himself.'  i.-     j 

35.  mLmmos  alienos  pascet :  '  he  will  live  on  money  hired  of 

others.'  ' 

36.  Thrax :  i.  e.  he  will  at  last  turn  gladiator,  or  he  will  be 
hired  to  drive  some  gardener's  horse  to  market  loaded  with  herbs. 

40.  Hle  :  i.  e.  dives  amicus. 

42.  Donec  . .  .  lyra :  '  until  the  lyre  of  Amphion,  hated  by  his 
austere  brother,  was  abandoned.'     See  Class.  Dict. 

56.  Suhduce:  sc.  Augusto. 

58.  Ac,  ne..  .  ahstes :  i.  e.  that  you  may  not  seem  to  withdraw 
yourself,  and  stand  aloof  unjustifiably. 

63.  Lacus,  Hadria :  '  a  pond  served  for  the  Hadnatic' 

78.  Theonino  :  Theon  was  a  slanderous  fellow. 

82.  Dulcis  .  .  .  amici :  '  the  possession  of  a  powerful  friend 
seems  desirable  to  those  who  have  never  made  the  trial.'^ 

92.  Inter  cuncta  leges :  '  above  all  things  you  will  read.' 

100.  Gelidus  Digentia  .  .  .  hibit:  'the  cool  stream  Digentia, 
which  flows  through  Mandela.' 

107.  Sed  satis  .  .  .  aufert :  'but  it  is  enough  to  ask  of  Jove  the 
things  which  he  alone  gives  and  takes  away.' 

EPISTLE  XIX. 

This  epistle  is  a  satire  on  the  poets  of  our  author's  time,  who, 
under  pretence  that  Bacchus  was  the  god  of  poetry,  and  that  the 
best  ancient  bards  loved  wine,  imagined  they  might  equal  their 
merit  by  drinking  as  freely.  Horace  laughs  at  such  ridiculous 
imitation,  and  rallies  the  methodical  dullness  of  their  compositions. 

Dacier.  ^     t    /.     •  u 

1.  Cratino  :  Cratinus  was  excessively  fond  of  wme  ;  so  much 
so,  that  Aristophanes  says,  he  died  of  grief  at  seemg  a  hogshead 
broken  and  the  wine  running  out. 

5.  Fer^  :  i.  e.  plerumque. 

8.  Forum  .  .  .  severis :  'let  the  forum  and  the  prsetors  court, 
established  by  Libo,  be  the  lot  of  the  sober  ;  but  I  forbid  them  to 
attempt  poetry  ;'  i.  e.  let  serious  business  be  performed  by  the 
tempcrate.  The  pr8etor's  court  was  near  the  puteal.  This  we 
understand  to  be  the  decree  of  Bacchus. 

15.  Rupit  larhitam:  the  poet  means  to  say  thct  larblta  burst 
with  envy  and  vexation  in  attempting  to  rival  the  wit  and  elo- 
quence  of  Timagenes  the  rhetorician. 
28* 


330  NOTES. 

18.  Cuminum:  Dioscorides  says  that  cuinin  will  make  persona 
pale  who  wash  in,  or  drink,  a  decoction  of  it.  ' 

23.  Parios :  called  Parian  from  Paros,  the  country  of  Archi- 
lochus,  the  inventor  of  iambic  verse. 

28.  Tcmpcrat  .  . .  clispar :  '  the  masculine  and  vigorous  Sappho 
tempers  her  verses  by  the  measures  of  Archilochus,  and  Alcaeus 
tempers  his  ;  but,  differing  in  siibjects  and  arrangement,  he  nei- 
ther  seeks  a  father-in-law,  &c. 

30.  Soccrum :  sc.  nt  Archilochns  Lycamhen  oblevit, 

31.  SponsfE  :   see  Epode  VI.  13.  note. 

36.  Premat  extra  limen  :   '  abuses  them  abroad.' 

40.  Pulpita:  this  refers  to  the  stages  on  which  teachers  [gram- 

maticce.  tribus)  caused  their  pupils  to  recite  the  poems  of  such 

Arriters  as  they  were  pleased  with,  or  wished  to  bring  into  notice. 

Horace  says  he  did  not  court  their  favor,  and  they  resented  it  by 

slighting  his  writings. 

42.  Pudet  recitare  :  '  I  am  ashamed  to  recite  :'  it  was  custom- 
ary  in  the  time  of  Horace  for  literary  men  who  aspired  to  the 
reputation  of  critics,  and  desired  to  give  a  tone  to  the  literature 
of  the  day,  to  open  a  kind  of  auditory,  where  authors  read  or  re- 
hearsed  their  productions.  These  gentlemen,  whom  our  poet 
styles  "  Grammarians,"  then  criticised  them,  and  passed  sentence 
upon  them. 

43.  Rides  .  .  .  pulcher  :  "  you  are  laughing  at  us,"  '  says  one  of 
these  grammarians,'  "  and  reserve  these  writings  for  the  ears  of 
majesty :  for,  fine  in  your  own  eyes,  you  imagine  that  you  alone 
distil  poetic  sweets." — Jovis :  i.  e.  of  Augustus.  Manare  is  used 
actively. 

44.  Pidis  enim :  '  for  you  suppose. 

47.  Displicet  .  .  .  posco  :  '  I  do  not  like  the  place  of  contest ;  I 
ask  for  a  truce.'  Horace  pretends  very  modestly  to  ask  for  time 
to  correct  his  verses,  before  they  were  brought  before  the  critics 
on  the  stage. 

EPISTLE  XX. 

When  abont  to  publish  a  volume  of  his  poetry,  Horace  prefixes 
this  little  address  to  his  book,  in  which  he  warns  it  of  the  ill  ^eat- 
ment  it  must  expect  on  going  out  into  the  world.  He  pleasantly 
adds  some  peculiarities  of  his  own  character. 

1.  Vertumnum :  the  booksellers'  shops  were  situated  around 
the  statues  of  Vertumnus  and  Janus ;  hence  he  says,  '  you  seem 
to  have  your  eye  on  Vertumnus  and  Janus.' 

2.  Sosiorum  :  the  Sosii  were  two  brothers,  the  most  celebrated 
bookbinders  and  booksellers  of  their  time. — Pumice :  the  parch- 
ment  was  smoothed  '  with  pumice-stone.' 

5.  N^on  ita  nuti-itus  :  '  not  so  educated  j'  i.  e.  not  accustomed 
to  seek  publicity. 


EPISTLES.     BOOK  II.  331 

7.  Et  scis  .  .  .  amator :  '  and  you  perceive  yourself  compress- 
cd   into   a'  small   compass,  when  your   partial   reader   shall   be 

cloyed.' 

9.  quod  si.  .  .  (Etas  :  ' but  if  I  am  not  blinded  by  my  mdig- 
nation  at  your  folly,  you  will  please  at  Rome  while  you  are   a 

novelty.' 

13.  Uticam :  when  a  work  had  run  out  at  Rome,  the  book- 
sellers  sent  it  off  into  the  provinces. — Uerdam:  this  was  in 
Spain  ;  Utica  was  in  Africa. 

14.  Ridehit  monitor  :  i.  e.  then  shall  I,  who  have  in  vain  warn- 
ed  you  of  your  fate,  laugh  at  you. 

23.  Primis  Urbis  :  '  the  first  men  of  Rome  ;'  referring  to  Au- 
gustus  and  Msecenas. 

24.  Solibus  aptum :  '  fond  of  basking  in  the  sun.* 


BOOK    II. 


EPISTLE  I. 


AuGUSTUS  had  complained  that  Horace  had  not  addressed  any 
of  his  satires  or  epistles  to  him.  In  this  beautiful  and  finished 
epistle  the  poet  makes  ample  amends  for  his  former  remissness. 
In  the  first  part  of  it  he  examines  the  comparison  between  the 
ancients  and  the  moderns,  which  has  been  matter  of  dispute  in 
all  ages.  He  next  shows  the  folly  of  that  excessive  love  of  an- 
tiquity,  which  regarded  the  time  of  any  performance  rather  than 
its  merits.  In  the  third  place  he  treats  of  the  theatre,  and  of  the 
difficulty  of  succeeding  there.  And  finally  he  woiild  remind 
princes  how  unportant  it  is  for  them  to  encourage  a  spirit  of  emu- 
lation  for  epic  poetry,  by  which  their  own  achievements  may  be 
celebrated. 

10.   Qut:  Hercules  slew  the  hydraof  Lerna. 

13.  Artes  :  for  artijices  :  one  eminent  in  any  department  de- 
presses,  by  his  fame,  those  who  are  inferior  to  him. 

23.  Sic  fautor  veterum :  the  idea  is,  So  -extravagantly  do  the 
people  admire  the  works  of  antiquity,  that  they  would  say,  tbe 
Muses  themselves  uttered,  on  Mount  Alba,  the  laws  of  the 
Twelve  Tables,  the  treaty  with  the  Gabii,  &c.  These  were 
among  the  first  productions  of  the  Romans,  and  certainly  not  to 
be  considered  as  models  in  composition. 

28.  Si,  quia  .  .  .  loquamur :  '  if,  because  the  most  ancient 
works  of  the  Greeks  are  the  best,  we  are  to  weigh  Rornan 
writers  in  the  same  balance,  it  is  in  vain  to  say  any  tbing 
farther.' 


332  NOTES. 

31.  J^il :  i.  e.  we  might  as  well  say  that '  there  is  nothing  hard 
within  an  olive,  or  on  the  outside  of  a  nut.' 

35.  Scire  .  .  .  annus  :  '  I  desire  to  know  what  number  of  years 
may  establish  a  value  to  writings.' 

38.  Excludat  .  .  .finis :  '  let  the  established  number  of  years 
(to  constitute  antiquity)  remove  all  doubt.'  This  is  the  answer 
to  Horace's  question,  and  the  beginning  of  a  dialogue  fuU  of 
pleasantry. 

45.  Utor  permisso :  '  I  avail  myself  of  your  concession.' 
48.  Qwi  .  .  .fastos  :  '  who  has  recourse  to  the  calendar.' 
52.  Leviter  .  .  .  Pythagorea :  '  seems  to  care  but  little  what 
may  become  of  his  promises  and  his  Pythagorean  dreams.' 
Ennius  pretended  that  the  soul  of  Homer,  whom  he  zealously 
imitated,  had,  by  transmigration  through  a  peacock,  passed  into 
himself.  But  now  that  posterity  had  accorded  to  Ennius  the 
fame  that  he  desired,  Horace  says,  he  cares  little  about  his 
Pythagorean  fables.  Thus,  beginning  with  Ennius,  our  author 
proceeds  in  the  nine  following  lines  to  give  the  common  estima- 
tion  in  which  other  poets  were  held  by  his  cotemporaries. 

56.  Actius  alti :  '  Actius  has  the  reputation  of  a  sublime  poet.' 
67.  Ignave  multa  fatetur :  'if  it  (the  multitude)  acknowledgea 
that  they  (the  ancients)  have  written  many  things  in  a  slovenly 
manner.' 

69.  lAvi :  i.  e.  of  Livius  Andronicus. 

71.  Orbilium:  Horace  once  attended  the  school  of  Orbilius, 
whom  he  calls  plagosus,  for  his  severity. 

72.  Et  exactis  . .  .  distantia :  '  and  little  removed  from  perfec- 
tion.' 

79.  Rect^  .  .  .  dubitem :  *  were  I  to  doubt  whether  Atta's  drama 
moves  with  propriety  through  the  saffron  and  flowers  on  the 
stage  or  not' 

81.   Quum ;    '  since  ;'  'inasmuch.' 

86.  Saliarc  J^uiikb  carmen :  '  Numa's  hymn  for  the  Salii.* 
When  Numa  instituted  the  order  of  Salii,  he  composed  a  form  of 
prayer  or  praise  for  them. 

102.  Hoc  .  .  .  secundi:  'this  effect,  benign  peace  and  favoring 
breezes  of  national  prosperity  produced.' 

103.  Reclusd  manh  .  .  .  nummos :  '  to  be  up  early  in  the  mom- 
ing  with  open  doors,  to  explain  the  laws  to  clients,  and  to  loan 
money  carefully  secured  by  good  names.' 

115.  Didicit :  sc.  medicinfB  artem. 

123.  Pane  secundo  :  '  brown  bread,'  of  a  secondary  quality. 

125.  Si  das  hoc  :  '  if  you  allow  this.' 

132.  Puella :  roferring  to  the  virgins,  who  sung  the  Carmen 
S(Bculare  with  a  choir  of  boys. 

145.  Fescennina  :  from  Fescinnia,  a  town  in  Etruria,  a  kind  of 
pantomime  exhibitions  was  introduced  into  Rome.  These  at  first 
consiste  i  in  gesticulations ;  but  afterwards  extemporaneou» 
Terses  of  a  satirical  character  were  superadded,  which  were  de- 


EPISTLES.     BOOK  II.  1.   ^  333 

nominated  Fescinnine  verses.  At  first  these  verses  "were  amus- 
ing  and  innocent ;  but  they  finally  became  so  defamatory  and 
abusive  that  a  law  was  passed  making  it  a  criminal  offence  to  abuse 
any  one  in  this  way.  The  punishment  was,  to  be  beaten  to  death 
with  clubs. 

154.  Formidine  fustis :  'through  fear  of  the  club.' 

irjO.  Serus  enim :  sc.  Romajius. 

164.  Tentavit  .  .  .  posset :  '  he  made  an  experiment,  too,  wheth- 
er  he  could  translate  their  pieces  as  they  deserved  to  be.' 

171.  Partes  tutetur  :  '  he  represents  the  character.' 

173.  Qaantus  .  .  .  parasitis :  '  how  excessive  Dossennus  is  in 
his  characters  of  ravenous  parasites ;'  and  how  careless  andnegli- 
gent  he  is  in  his  style  ! 

178.  Exanimat  lcntus  spectator :  'a  listless  spectator  de- 
presses.' 

180.   Valeat  res  ludicra  :  '  farewell  to  dramatic  writing.' 

185.  Si  discordet  eques :  'ifthe  knights  disagree  with  them ;' 
i.  e.  if  they  oppose  their  freaks  at  the  theatre. 

187.  Equiti :  i.  e.  this  depravity  of  taste  has  spread  to  the 
better  classes  ;  they  want  show  rather  than  sentiment. 

189.  Quatuor .  .  .  hoi-as  :  '  the  curtain  is  kept  down  for  four  hours 
or  more.'  At  the  commencement  of  the  play  the  Romans  let  fall 
the  curtain  to  expose  the  stage,  instead  of  raising  it  up,  as  we 
do.  The  play  was  interrupted  in  the  present  case,  and  the  stage 
kept  open  to  view  for  the  exhibition  of  some  show,  for  several 
hours.     Horace  complains  of  this  abuse. 

193.  Ehur :  i.  e.  cut  out  in  figures  of  ivory. 

195.  Panthera  camelo :  the  reference  is  to  the  carnelopard, 
or  giraff",  as  being  of  a  mixed  race. 

199.  Scriptores  .  .  .  surdo :  '  he  would  think  the  writers  of  the 
comedy  employed  in  telling  a  story  to  a  deaf  ass.' 

205.  Concurrit  dextra  lcevcB :  i.  e.  they  clap  hands ;  they  ap- 
plaud. 

209.  Laudare  maligne  :  '  condemn  by  faint  praise.' 

210.  Hle  .  .  .  poeta :  '  that  poet  appears  to  me  able  to  walk 
upon  a  tight  rope  ;'  i.  e.  able  to  do  any  thing. 

223.  (^uum  loca  .  .  .  irrevocati  :  '  when  unsolicited  we  repeat 
passages  already  recited.'  Irrevocati  is  an  expression  borrowed 
from  the  stage,  v/here  a  performer  is  called  back,  revocatus,  when 
desired  by  his  audience  to  repeat  again  ariy  part  of  his  perform- 
ance. 

226.  Ut,  simid  atque  .  .  .  cogas :  '  that  as  soon  as  you  shall  learn 
that  we  write  poetry,  you  Avill,  of  your  own  accord,  graciously 
send  for  us,  place  us  beyond  the  reach  of  want,  and  constrain  us 
to  write.' 

230.  Mdituos :  '  heralds,'  to  proclaim  or  record. 

234.  Philippos :  these  were  golden  coins  with  Philip's  head  on 
them,  given  by  Alexander  to  Choerilus.     See  Class.  Dict. 

236.  Carminefczdo  :  '  by  verses  unworthy  of  their  subject.* 


334  NOTES. 

242.  Judicium  suhtile  :  sc.  Alexandri. 
244.  JVatum :  sc.  eum,  esse. 

264.  JVil  .  .  .  gravat :  '  I  love  not  that  respect  which  annoys 
me.' 

2G7.  .Ye  ruheam :  '  lest  I  should  blush.' 

268.  Cum  scriptore  meo:  '"with  my  panegyrist.' 

269.  In  vicum  vendentem :  '  into  the  street  where  tliey  selL' 

270.  Et  quidquid  .  .  .  ineptis :  '  and  whatever  is  wrapped  up  in 
worthless  paper ' 

EPISTLE  II. 

Julius  Florus,  to  whom  this  epistle  is  addressed,  was,  at  the 
time  it  was  written,  absent  with  Tiberius  Nero.  Horace  gives 
his  reasons  for  not  having  complied  with  the  request  of  Florus 
that  he  would  send  him  some  lyric  poems.  He  tells  him  that  he 
wished  to  devote  himself  to  the  study  of  philosophy.  And 
throughout  the  epistle  he  intersperses  many  excellent  precepts 
for  the  regulation  of  the  conduct,  and  for  securing*  a  good  and 
happy  life.  He  commences  with  a  lively  and  amusing  account 
of  a  slave-dealer,  as  an  example  of  the  verbosity  and  knavery  of 
tliat  class  of  men. 

12.  Meo  .  .  .  (£re :  '  I  am  short  for  raoney,  but  owe  nobody.' 

14.  Semel  kic  cessavit :  'he  was  oncein  fault ;  and  hid  himself 
behind  the  stairs  for  fear  of  the  whip,  as  was  natural  enough.' 
Doering  prefers  this  construction  to  pendentis  in  scalis,  the  usual 
one.  The  seller  uses  the  word  cessavit  for  aufugit ;  to  soften 
the  crime  of  running  away,  which  was  considered  so  iniportant 
a  defect  in  the  character  of  a  slave,  that  the  sale  was  made  void 
by  law,  if  this  was  not  mentioned  to  the  purchaser. 

17.  Ille :  i.  e.  the  slave-dealer  who  sells  the  slave. — PosncB  se- 
curus  :  'fearless  of  any  punishment,'  for  the  fraud  he  committed  ; 
as  the  law  could  not  reach  him,  after  he  had  mentioned  the  fact 
that  the  slave  had  run  away. 

23.  Quid  .  .  .  attentas  :  '  what  then  have  I  gained  by  my  conces- 
sion,  if,  nevertheless,  you  impeach  the  laws  protecting  me  ?' — Me- 
cum  facientia  :  i.  e.  me  adjuvantia.     Jaeck. 

28.   Vehemens  lupus  :  sc.  ut :  '  like  a  raging  wolf.' 

43.  BoncR  Mhen(B  :  '  kind  Athens.' 

48.  JVon  responsura  lacertis :  '  unable  to  cope  with  the  arms,' 
or  forces  of  Augustus  Csesar. 

52.  Sed  quod  .  .  .  versus  :  i.  e.  but  now  possessing  every  thing 
that  I  wish,  what  doses  of  hellebore  could  cure  my  madness  if  I 
did  not  think  it  better  to  sleep  quietly  than  to  attempt  writing 
poetry  again  ? 

60.  Bioneis  sermonibus :  i.  e.  with  such  keen  satire  as  Bion  of 
Borysthenes  is  said  to  have  written. 

65.  Prater  c^etera  :  '  above  all.' 


THE  ART  OF  POETRY.  335 

67.  Hic  .  .  .  scripta  :  '  this  one  desires  me  to  stand  bail  for  him, 
and  another  to  hear  him  read  his  writings.' 

81.  Ingenium :  '  a  man  of  genius.' 

87.  Frater  .  .  .  ille :  the  poet  passes  suddenly  to  another  topic  ; 
that  of  the  mutual  commendation  and  praise  of  certain  poets. 
He  says ;  '  there  were  at  Rome  two  friends,  the  one  a  rhetorician, 
and  the  other  a  lawyer,  who  agreed  to  extol  each  other.  The 
lawyer  made  the  rhetorician  a  second  Gracchus  ;  and  he  in  turn 
called  him  another  Mucius.'  Mucius  was  a  celebrated  writer 
upon  the  civil  law.     Frater  seems  to  be  used  forfriend. 

92.  Ccelatumque  . .  .  opus  :  '  and  a  work  polished  by  the  hands 
of  the  nine  Muses.' 

98.  Lento  .  .  .  duello  :  '  like  gladiators  in  a  slow,  hamiless  con- 
test  till  evening  twilight.'  Samnites  is  the  name  of  a  class  of 
gladiators. 

99.  Puncto  illius:  '  according  to  his  vote ;'  referring  to  the 
manner  of  marking,  as  they  counted  the  votes  atelections. 

119.  Adsciscet .  .  .  usus  :  'he  will  introduce  such  words  as  use, 
the  father  of  language,  has  produced.' 

128.  Quam  sapere,  et  ringi :  '  than  to  be  wise,  and  always  on 
the  rack.' 

134.  Et  signo  .  .  .  lagencB :  '  and  did  not  fly  into  a  passion  at 
finding  the  bottle  unsealed.' 

151.  Audieras  .  .  .  stultitiam:  'you  have  heard  that  to  whom- 
soever  the  gods  gave  riches,  from  him  also  depraved  folly  depart- 
ed.'  But  when  you  find  this  is  false  doctrine,  do  you  still  put 
confidence  in  the  same  teachers  ? 

166.  Qriid  refert  .  .  .  olim  :  '  for  where  is  the  difierence,  wheth- 
er  you  live  on  money  recently  spent,  or  spent  some  time  ago  .?' 

192.  Qiibd  .  .  .  invenerit :  '  because  he  shall  find  nothing  more 
than  was  originally  given  to  me  ;'  i.  e.  because  I  have  not  increased 
my  estate. 

204.  Extremi  .  .  .  priores :  *  if  behind  the  first,  yet  before  the 
last.' 

205.  JVou  es  .  .  .fugire :  '  go  then,  I  acquityou  of  the  charge  of 
avarice.  What!  have  alltheothervicesfledwiththatof  avaricel" 


THE  ART  OF  POETRY. 


These  remarks  upon  the  art  of  poetry  were  probably  designed 
as  the  third  epistle  of  the  second  book,  and  addressed  to  Lucius 
Piso  and  his  two  sons.  Horace  did  not  pretend  to  give  a  com- 
plete  treatise  upon  the  art  of  poetry  ;  but  to  throw  out  such  hints 
upon  the  ieading  topics  of  the  subject,  as  the  nature  of  an  epistle 


336  NOTES. 

would  allow.  He  has  therefore  observed  no  particuiar  method  or 
order  in  discussing  the  subject ;  nor  been  at  the  trouble  of  making 
any  preamble.  He  begins  at  once  with  the  most  essential  and 
important  prccept,  which  is  unity  and  simplicity  of  design. 

1.  Humano  .  .  .  membris :  '  should  a  painter  undertake  to  join  a 
horse's  neck  to  a  human  hcad,  and  uniting  limbs  from  various  ani- 
mals,  to  cover  the  whole  with  party-colored  feaUiers.' 

4.  Mulier  formosa  supernk :  referring  to  humano  capiti  in  the 
first  verse.  Many  critics  believe  the  poet  to  have  supposed  two 
pictures  here,  and  read,  aut  turpitcr :  but  Quintilian  understood 
it  as  here  explained. 

5.  Spectatum :  '  to  view  it ;'  a  supine. 

9.  Pictoribus  .  .  .  potestas :  this  remark  is  supposed  to  be  made 
by  another  person,  to  whom  our  author  replies  by  admitting  the 
truth  of  the  proposition,  and  defining  what  is  meant  by  poetic 
license. 

15.  Purpureus  .  . .  pannus :  'here  and  there  a  purple  patch  is 
sewed  on,  which  makes  a  great  show.' 

18.  Flumen  Rhenum :  the  poets  often  decline  substantives  aa 
if  they  were  adjectives  ;  as  Rhenus,-a,-um ;  so  Ovid  has  Caput 
Augustum,  Q^uirinam  urbem ;  and  Horace  Metaurumjlumen,  Rom- 
ulam  gentem. 

19.  Sed . . .  locus :  '  but  here  was  not  the  place  for  these  ;'  though 
they  may  be  beauties. 

20.  C^idd  hoc  .  .  .  pingitur :  i.  e.  how  will  this  satisfy  the  man 
who  hires  you  to  paint  him  shipwrecked,  and  floating  hopeless  on 
the  broken  planks  of  the  vessel  ? 

21.  Amphora  .  .  .  exit :  i.  e.  a  bad  poet  opens  his  poem  with 
eomething  great  and  magnificent,  but  amuses  himself  with  trifles  ; 
as  a  bad  potter  begins  a  large  and  beautiful  vase,  but  produces 
only  a  Avorthless  pitcher.     San. 

32.  Mmilium  .  .  .  imus :  '  the  meanest  artist  in  the  iEmilian 
square.'  This  place  was  called  afler  iEmilius  LepTdus,  who  for- 
merly  had  a  school  for  gladiators  there.  In  later  times  Polycle- 
tus,  the  statuary,  had  his  rooms  there. 

34.  Infelix  . .  .  nesciet :  '  but  he  will  be  unsucccssful  in  complet- 
ing  the  statue,  because  he  cannot  give  just  proportions  to  the 
whole.' 

35.  Hunc  ego  .  .  .  capillo ;  '  if  I  were  about  to  attempt  a  work 
of  art,  I  should  no  more  wish  to  imitate  such  a  one  than  to  appear 
in  public,  remarkable  for  fine  black  hair  and  eyes,  but  disfigured 
by  a  defective  nose.' 

40.  Lecta:  '  selected.' — Potenter:  '  adapted  to  his  powers.' 

42.   Venus :  'beauty.' 

45.  In  verbis  .  .  .  auctor:  these  two  verses  have  very  properly 
exchanged  places,  oflate  years.  According  to  the  judgment  of 
Dr.  Bentley,  they  should  stand  as  they  do  here.  Tiie  construc- 
tion  is,  Auctor  promissi  carminis,  etiam  in  serendis  verbis  tenuis 


THE  ART  OF  POETRY.  337 

fdubtilis)  cautusque,  amet  hoc,  et  spernat  hoc ;  i.  e.  delicate  and 
careful  in  selecting  words,  must  adopt  this,  and  reject  that. 

47.  Dixeris  egregie  .  .  .  novwn:  'you  will  gain  great  praise,  if 
by  a  skilful  union  you  render  new  what  was  known  before  ;' 
i.  e.  make  a  new  word  out  of  two  old  ones. 

50.  Fingere  .  .  .  continget :  'it  will  be  allowable  to  coin 
words  not  known  to  the  ancient  Cethegi.^-—Cinctutis  :  this  meni^s 
'  girded  ready  for  action,'  as  the  ancient  Romans  were.  The 
Cethegi  are  used  for  people  of  their  time. 

59.  Signatum  prcesente  notd:  'impressed  with  the  current 
stamp  ;'  comparing  words  to  coin,  which  bore  the  stamp  of  the 
reignino-  prince. 

60.  tjt  sylvce  .  .  .  cadunt :  '  as  the  forests  are  changed  in  their 
leaves  in  successive  years,  those  that  grew  first  fall  otf.' 

65.  Regis  opus  :  '  the  work  of  a  king  ;'  i.  e.  the  niaking  of  a 
harbor  to  protect  the  fleets  ;  alluding  to  the  Julian  harbor. 

66.  Urhes  alit :  i.  e.  the  Pontine  marsh  being  drained,  'it  sup- 
plies  the  neighboring  cities  with  food.' 

69.   Vivax:  'lasting;'  'permanent' 

76.  Voti  sententia  compos :  'successful  love ;'  sentiments  of 
affection  reciprocated. 

80.  Socci :  the  sock,  or  shoe,  is  here  put  for  comedy ;  and 
cothurnus  for  tragedy. 

90.  Indignatur  .  .  .  Thyest(E  :  '  so,  too,  tragedy  disdains  to  ap- 
pear  in  verses  of  a  familiar  character,  and  more  suited  to  the  shoe 
of  comedy.' 

91.  Ccena  ThyestcB  :  i.  e.  a  tragedy.     See  Class.  Dict. 

104.  Male  .  .  .  loqueris  :  '  but  if  you  shail  speak  thepart  as- 
signed  you  badly ;'  this  evidently  has  reference  to  the  actor  on 
the  stage. 

120.  Reponis :  '  represent,'  or  describe. 

131.  Publica .  .  .  orbem :  '  a  common  subject  will  become  your 
private  property,  if  you  neither  dwell  upon  a  round  of  trifling  par- 
ticulars,  already  known  to  all.' 

136.   Ut  scriptor  cyclicus  :  '  like  that  trifling,  vain  poet  of  old.' 

141.  Dic  mihi  vmsa:  the  poet  alludes  to  the  modest  and  unos- 
tentatious  manner  in  which  Homer  commences  the  Odyssey. 

154.  AulfEa  manentis  :  '  who  will  wait  till  the  curtain  rises  ;' 
i.  e,  who  will  sit  through  the  play  ;  at  the  end  of  which  the  cur- 
tain  was  drawn  up,  instead  of  being  let  down  as  in  modern  times. 

158.  Reddere  .  .  .  .  puer :  'the  boy  who  has  just  learned  to  ar- 
ticulate/ 

163.  Cereus :  '  as  yielding  and  pliant  as  wax,'  in  forming  vicious 
habits. 

178.  Semper  .  .  •  aptis :  '  we  must  always  have  regard  to  what 
is  connected  with,  and  suited  to  the  age  of  the  parties.' 

189.  JVeve  minor  .  i.  e.  neither  less  than  five  acts. 

196.  Hle :  i.  e.  chorus ;    the  chorus  is   to  supply  all  the  placei 
mentioned  in  this  and  the  five  following  verses. 
29 


338  NOTES. 

220.  Hircum :  this  was  the  prize. 

221.  Agrestes  satyros  nudavit :  '  introduced  naked  satyrs  on  the 
stage  ;'  i.  e.  persons  so  habited  in  skins,  as  to  represent  the  fabled 
satyrs. 

224.  Fundusque  .  .  .  exlex :  '  just  from  festal  rites,  heated  with 
wine.  quite  lawless,  and  full  of  mischief.' 

.231.  Effutire  .  .  .  protervis :  '  Tragedy,  disdaining  to  spout  light 
and  trifling  verses,  as  a  matron  obliged  to  dance  on  festal  days, 
will  appear  with  modest  reserve  among  the  wanton  satyrs.' 

237.  Et  audax  .  .  .  taltntum :  '  and  the  impudent  Pythias,  who 
spunged  old  Simo  out  of  his  money.' — Pythias  was  a  maid-ser- 
vant  in  a  play  of  Lucilius. — Emuncto :    '  cunningly  over-reached.' 

239.  An  custos  .  .  .  alumni :  '  or  Silenus,  the  guardian  and  at- 
tendant  of  iiis  foster  chikl,  the  god  Bacchus.' 

242.  Tantiim  .  .  .  pollet :  '  such  power  have  good  arrange- 
ment  and  connexion.' 

248.  %iibus  .  .  .res :  i.  e.  the  better  and  more  polished  sort  of 
people,  who  have  rank,  connexions  and  fortune  ;   '  the  knights, 
patricians  and  wealthy.' 

249.  JVucis  emptor :  the  poorer  people  carried  parched  peas  and 
nuts  to  eat  during  the  play. 

254.  Primus  .  .  .  sibi :  '  from  the  first  to  the  last  uniform,'  i.  e. 
pure  lambic. — JVon  ita  pridem :  '  nor  is  it  long  ago.'  Spondees 
were  admitted  in  the  odd  places  ;  but  an  iambus  was  retained  in 
the  even,  i.  e.  in  the  second  and  fourth. 

258.  Socialiter  :  '  in  a  friendly  way,'  as  if  all  places  were  com- 
mon.     The  iambus  might  not  give  up  the  second  or  the  fourth 

place. 

260.  In  scenam  . .  .  turpi  :  '  a  verse  pushed  upon  the  stage  thus 
overloaded  convicts  its  author  either  of  too  much  haste  and  a  want 
of  care  in  his  work,  or  of  disgraceful  ignorance  of  his  art.' 

272.  Si  modo  .  .  .  aure  :  '  if  indeed  you  and  I  can  distinguish  a 
coarse  joke  from  a  sprightly  sally  of  wit,  and  know  the  proper  ca- 
dence  of  a  verse  by  help  of  our  fingers  and  ear.' 

275.  Ignotum  .  .  .  ora :  the  construction  is,  Thespis  dicitur  in- 
venisse  ignotum  genus  Tragicce  CamcenfB  et  vexisse  plaustris  eos 
qui  peruncti  fcecibus ;    secundum  ora    canerent  agerentque  ejus 

poemata. 

288.  Vel  qui  .  .  .  togatas  :  sc.  fabulas  ;  '  whether  they  wrote 
tragedies  or  comedies.' 

291.  Pompilius  sanguis :  'descendants  of  Pompilius.'  Tlie 
Pisos  claimed  descent  from  Numa  Pompilius. 

294.  Prresectum  . .  .  unguem :  i.  e.  and  which  its  author  has  not 
corrected  ten  times.  This  is  a  figure  borrowed  from  the  polish- 
ers  of  marble,  who  tried  its  smoothness  by  passmg  their  naila 

over  it. 

295.  Ingenium  .  .  .  Democritus  :  'because  Democritus  consid- 
ers  genius  superior  to  wretched  art,  and  excludes  every  poet  in 
his  senses  from  Helicon.' 


THE  ART  OF  POETRY.  339 

298.  Balnea  vitat :  '  shuns  the  ciowds  at  tlie  baths.' 

299.  JVanciscetur  .  .  .  commiserii :  '  for  one  Avill  surely  obtam 
the  reward  and  the  reputation  of  a  poet,  if  he  never  commits  to 
the  barber  Licinus  his  head,  too  crazy  to  be  cured  by  three 
Anticyras  ;'  were  there  so  many,  and  all  fuU  of  hellebore. 

301.  O  ego  .  .  .  horam:  '  foolish  fellow  that  I  was  !  if  I  had  not 
by  physic  cured  myself  of  the  spleen  in  the  spring.' 
310.  SocraticfE  chartcE  ;  •  the  precepts  of  Socrates.' 
314.  Conscripti :  '  of  a  senator.' 

319.  Interdum  . .  .  fahula :  'sometimes  a  play,  striking  in  its 
topics,  and  having  a  marked  fitness  of  manners.' 

320.  JVullius  veneris :  '  without  grace  or  beauty.' 
324.  Prceter  .  .  .  avaris :  '  desiring  nothing  but  fame.' 

326.  Dicat .  .  .  semis  :  'the  son  of  Albinus  may  answer;  If  an 
ounce  is  taken  from  a  quincunx  (five  ounces),  what  remains  ? — You 
surely  could  have  said,  a  third  of  a  pound  {triens). — Very  well — 
yo\i  can  take  care  of  your  own  property. — An  ounce  is  added  (to 
a  quincunx) ;  what  does  it  make  ?  Half  a  pound.'  It  may  be  ob- 
served  that  the  as,  or  pound  of  brass,  was  divided  into  tweive 
ounces  [uncice),  and  that  the  answer  is  here  given  each  time  in 
some  part  of  a  pound,  instead  of  being  expressive  of  the  number 
of  ounces.  e  .  g.  '  a  third  of  a  pound,'  instead  of '  four  ounces  ;'  to 
show  the  expertness  of  the  pupil  in  this  kind  of  computation ; 
could  he  but  have  answered  for  himself. 

340.  LamicB :  the  Romans  pretended  that  there  was  a  fright- 
ful  sorceress  of  this  name  who  devoured  children.  Horace,  no 
doubt,  alludes  to  some  poet  who  had  introduced  in  a  play  a  child 
that  had  been  devoured  by  this  Lamia,  and  taken  out  of  her  alive, 
— Pransce  :  '  who  had  eaten  it ;'  taken  actively. 

345.  Hic  .  .  .  Sosiis :  '  such  a  book  brings  gain  to  the  Sosii :' 
they  were  bookbinders  and  booksellers.     See  Epist.   I.  XX.  2. 

354.  Ut  scriptor  .  .  .  caret :  '  as  an  amanuensis,  who  constantly 
commits  the  same  blunder,  though  cautioned  against  it,  deserves 
no  pardon.' 

357.  Chcerilus  :  a  miserable  versifiar.  See  Ep.  II.  I.,  233,  note. 

372.  Mediocrihus  .  .  .  columnce :  '  neither  gods,  men,  nor  the 
booksellers'  shops,  allow  of  mediocrity  in  poetry.'  ColumncB  are 
tlie  pillars  of  the  piazzas,  under  which  the  booksellers  had  their 
shops. 

383.  lAher  .  .  .  nummorum  :  '  he  is  free,  well-born,  and  has  a 
knight's  estate  ;'  i.  e.  quadringenta  millia  (Eris. — Summam  is  put 
in  the  accusative  witli  secundum,  or  quod  ad,  understood. 

387.  Metii:  Metius  Avas  one  of  the  judges  appointed  to  examine 
poetry,  and  the  claims  of  authors.     See  Sat.   I.   X.   38. 

388.  Et  patris  :  '  and  of  your  father ;'  i.  e.   Piso  the  elder. 
414.   Pythia:  sc.   carmina. 

417.  Occupet  extremum  scahies  :  '  a  plague  take  the  hindmost  ,• 
a  kind  of  adage. 


340  NOTES. 

426.  Tu,  scu  . .  .  l(Etitl(E:  '  if  you  have  ever  made  a  present,  or 
intend  to  bestow  a  favor  on  any  one,  by  no  means  invite  him,  fuU 
of  joy,  to  criticise  your  verses.' 

437.  Suh  vulpe  latentes  :  '  concealed  under  the  guise  of  a  fox  ;' 
alluding  to  the  fable  of  the  fox  and  the  crow. 

453.  Mala  scabies  :  '  the  leprosy.' — Morbus  regius  :  '  the  jaun- 
dice.' 

467.  Idemfacit  occidenti :  '  does  the  same  as  one  who  kills  him.' 

470.  Utriim  .  .  .  incestus :  '  whether  he  has  profaned  his  fathor'3 
ashes,  or  sacrilegiously  removed  the  bounds  of  some  consecrated 
place.'  These  are  high  misdemeanors,  and  supposed  to  deserve 
the  vengeance  of  Heaven.  The  idea  is  this ;  What  possesses  the 
man  to  keep  writing  is  unknown  ;  but  that  he  is  deranged  is  evi- 
dent ;  whatever  may  have  been  the  crime  for  which  he  is  d©- 
prived  of  reason.' 


THE   END. 


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