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RECORDS 


dl'    TIIK 


AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM 


EDITED   BY   THE    DIRECTOR    AND    CURATOR 


Vol.  XII. 


PRINTED     BY     ORDER     OF    THE    TRUSTEES 

R.    ETHERIDGE,    Junr.,    J. P. 

g  t  r  c  c  t  a  r   a  it  5    (K  u  v  a  t  o  v . 

SYDNEY,     1917-1921. 


CONTENTS. 


No.   1. 
Published  19th  December,   1917. 

Notos  on  tilt'  Viotoi'iiui  Specios  of  «m//mm«s.      Hv  Cliarl.'s  ll.'.U.'v.      IM.  l.-H.    ...  I 

No.   2. 

Published  4th  February,   1918. 

Som(>   .Austi-aliaii    Blennioid    Fishes.      ]!v    Allan    i;.    McOiillo.  li    and    Knmk    A. 

MrNeiU.      PI.    III.-IV '' 

No.  3. 

Published   12th  March,   1918. 

Dpscriptions    of  Two   Ntnv    Hvdroids,   and    a    Revision    of    the    Ilydfoid-Fanna 

of  Lord  Howe  [slan.h      Bv  E.  A.  l{ii->-i;-s.  H.Sc.     PI.  V.-VI ^7 


-     No.    !■. 

Published   19th  April,   1918. 

Two  Keniarkalde  Corals  fi-oni  the  Devonian  of  New  South  Wales  ( Spnngoijlnjllinn 
h^dtixttoides  and  Col intnui ri«  ,i>->un,<ilteush ).  By  R.  Etheridc/e,  Junr. 
Pl.YII.-IX ■'•' 


No.   5. 
Published  31st,  May,   1918. 

Stuihes    in    Australian    Tahaniche.      By    Frank    H.   Taylor.  •">:' 

No.   fi. 

Published  23rd  September,    1918. 

On  the  Oecurrenee  of  the  Crested  Penguin  (Endypies  rhnjsncome)  in  Australia, 
with  Notes  on  its  Kan<?e.  and  on  the  Historv  of  its  Oriijinal  Discovery. 
By  A.  F.  Basset  Hull.      PI.  X.-XI.  ' 71 

No.  7. 

Published  24th  December,   1918. 

Australian  Trap-Door  Spiders.  Bv  W.  J.  i;ainh<.w  an.l  R.  II.  Pnll.'ino. 
M.B.,  Ch.M.      PI.  Xll.-XXIV. 


81 


No.   8. 

Published  8th  February,  1919. 

Tao-e 
Studies    in    Aur.tralian     Fishes.        No.    o.        l!v    Allan    h'.    .Mcdillocli.        PL 

XXV.-XXVI ■      171 

All  Ancient  Eo'vptian  Coflin  in  the  Australian  Mnseuni.    By  A.  Rowe.    PL  XXVII       ITU 


No.  9. 
Published  28th  February,  1919. 

Palseontologia  Novae  Cainbrise   Meridionalis — Occasional    Descriptions  of    New 

South  Wales  Fossils— No.  7.     By  R.  Etheridge,  Junr.    PL  XXVIII. -XXX.     183 

No.    10. 

Published   14th  July,   1919. 

Some  Australian   Fishes   of  the  family  Gobiidie.      Hv  Allan  K.  .McCnlloch  ami 

J.  Douglas  Ogilby.     PL  XXX I. -XXXVII.     ..."         19:$ 

Lists    of   Hieroglyphical    Signs    and    Words    in    the    Funerary    Inst-ription    of 

Neter-Neklit.     By  A.  Rowe ' 293 

No.     11. 
Published  2nd  October,   1919. 

Onchidii<lae  from  Australia  and  the  South-western  Pacific  Islands.      By  Rex  W. 

Bretnall.     PL  XXXVIII " .303 

A     Review     of     the     Australian     Tun     Shells.        By    Charles    Hedley.       PL 

XXXIX. -XLIV ■         '..  ...     329 

Occasional  Notes.     I. — The  Male  (Talapagos  Tortoise  (Testndii  uKjiita)  formerly 

at  Glades ville,  Sydney.     By  11.  Etheridge,  .lunr.       ...  ...  ...  ..     337 

No.    12. 
Published  4th  December,   1919. 

The  .\ustralian  Museum — Fragments  of  its  Early  History.      By  R.  Etheridge. 

.lunr.      Pi.  XLV.-XLIX. '...  ."..         " ...     339 


No.    13. 

Published    11th  February,    1921. 

Title  Page.  Contrnts  and  Index  -lOl 


LIST    OF    CONTRIBUTORS. 

Bretnall,  Rex  W  — 

Oiulii.liidu'  from  Aiistr.ilia  Mii.l  tlie  Si.utli-wt'st^'rn  Pacific  Isliiiuls  ...     3<i:? 

Briggs,  E.  A.— 

Descriptions  of  two  npw  Hv<lroi<1s.  anil  a  Eevision  of  the  Hydroid-Fanna 

of  Lord  Howe  Islan.i  L'7 

Etheridge,  Junr.,  H. — 

Two    Remarkable    Corals    from    the    Devonian    of    New    South    Wales 

{S[)oiigoii]iiiUit)ii  hidijsitfiides  and  C»lniiiii<iria   iieminy}ten!^i'<) .        ...        49 

Palseontologia  Nova?  Cambria'  Meridionalis — Occasional  Descriptions  of 

New  South  Wales  Fossils — No.  7  18a 

Occasional  Notes.      I. — The  Male  Galapaujos  Tortoise   (Testiulo  uifirild) 

form'^rly  at  Gladesville,  Sydney  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     •'^37 

The  Australian  Museum — Fragments  of  its  Early  History  ...  ...     .3.19 

Hcdlcy,  Charles — 

Notes  on  the  Victorian  Species  of  /?i(?/(iM'j'     ...  ...  ..  ...  ...  1 

A  Review  of  the  Australian  Tun  Shells  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     329 

Hull,  A.  F.  Basset  — 

On  the  Occurrence  of  the  Cresteil  Penguin  (Enihjptes  rhnjsocome)  in 
Australia,  with  Notes  on  its  Rano-e,  and  on  the  Histf>rv  of  its 
Original   Discovery  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...       71 

McCulloch,  Allan  R.— 

Studies  in  .\ustralian  Fishes.    No.  ."j     ...  ...  ...  ...  ...  ...     171 

and  Frank  A.  McNeill — 


Some  Australian  Hlennioid   Fishes 


and  J.  Douglas  Ogilby 


Some  Australian  Fishes  of  the  Family  Ool>iida'         ...  ...  ...  ...      193 

Rainbow,  W.  J.  and  R.  H.  Pullcinc— 

Australian   Tra))-Door  Spiders    ...  ...  ...  ..  .  .  ..  ..        81 

Rowe,  A. — 

.An  Ancient  I'^gvptian  Coffin  in  the  Australian  Museum        ...  ...  ...      179 

Lists  of    Hieroglyphical  Signs  and  Words  in  the  Funerary   Insciipticn 

of  NeterlNekht  '         293 

Taylor,  Frank   H 

Stmiies  in   Australian  Tabanida?  .  53 


CORRIGENDA. 


Pii!;v    4U.  liue    7 — for   •■  .Monseptiite  "    ro;i<l   "  Nonsf ptate." 

,,    'M)i,  ,,    -V.i — iov  •■  BncliioiiKinia"   read   ••  BurlniinniKi." 

U06,  ,,    23 — for   •' Bnckaiinania"   read   '^  BucJklikihui." 

,,    ;316,  ,,    -iB — for  "  Martyii "   read  "von  Martens." 

.,    34-5,  footnote  36 — for  "Rayuiond's"  read  "  Stephens  and  Stokew." 

,,    355,  ,.  (54 — before  1835  and  18:!()  insert  ■' Stephens  and  Stokes." 

,    355.  ..         t)5 — before  1837  insert  "  Stephens  an<l  Stokes." 

.    364,    line    4— for  "William  John   Macleay.   Esq."  read  "  Williani  Sharp 
Macleay,  Esq." 

.    3l)it.      ,,    15— for  "Mr.  Fisher"  read  "Mr.  Eraser." 


NOTES  ON  THE  VICTORIAN  SPECIES  OF   nrfJJXrS. 

15  V 

Charles  Hehley,  Assistant  Curator. 
(Plates  MI.) 

Those  fresli  water  snails  once  known  in  Australia  as  VJnj^^ti,  hut  now 
referred  to  as  lUillimni,  have  recentlj'  acquii'ed  an  unpleasant  interest. 
For  the  spread  and  nui-ture  of  ha^niatura,  a  sevei-e,  painful  and  incurahle 
complaint,  has  recently'  been  tiaced  to  Egyptian  lepresentatives  of 
]>nJlhin><. 

The  newly  hatched  embryo  of  a  Treniatode,  called  r,ilJntr::ii(,  enteis 
the  BnUi'iiiis  snail  and  tliere  turns  into  a  spoi'ocyst.  Then  Bilharzid 
cercariae  are  dischaiged  from  the  infected  snail  every  day  for  weeks,  more 
plentifully  and  continuously  in  summer.  The  fi-ee-swimming  larva:^  swarm 
on  the  suiface  of  the  water  in  search  of  a  victim.  Should  they  fail  to  find 
a  host  within  forty-eight  hours  they  must  die.  A  successful  pai-asife 
enters  the  human  body  either  by  the  mouth  or  through  the  skin,  and 
proceeds  to  establish  itself  in  the  lectum  or  bladder.  Ai'rived  at  maturity, 
the  pai'asite  slieds  innumeiable  hard-slielled  eggs.  These  erode  the 
mucous  membi-ane,  thus  causing  internal  bleeding,  a  symptom  of  tlie 
disease.  Victims  may  even  die  from  necrosis  of  the  liver  or  blockage  of 
poi'tal  veins. 1 

It  is  presumed  if  tliis  plague  were  to  be  introduced  into  the 
Commonwealth  fi-om  Africa  or  Asia  that  the  Australian  species  of  ]hdU}iv>i 
would  be  ready  at  any  time  or  place  to  serve  as  an  intermediate  host  and 
so  transmit  it.  Previously  an  Australian  llnlliiiK^  had  been  indicted  as 
an  intermediate  liost  for  the  sheep  fluke. 

The  genus  thus  acquires  an  importance  for  medical  and  official  circles. 
Hence  the  demand  on  Conchologists  for  exact  determiiiation  of  these 
shells  and  the  present  effort  to  improve  the  unsatisfactory  current  nomen- 
clature and  identification. 

In  1881,  a  Catalogue  of  Australian  and  Tasmanian  Freshwater  Shells 
was  published  by  Prof.  R.  Tate  and  Mr,  J.  Brazier.-  They  enumerated 
fifty-four  "  Physa,"  more,  as  they  point  out,  tlian  half  as  many  as  were 
recorded  foi-  the  whole  world.  They  remarked  on  the  unsatisfactory  and 
indefinite  knowledge  of  these  species.  In  the  following  year,  but  without 
acquaintance  with  his  predecessor's  paper.  Mi-.  E.  A.  Smith,  of  tlie  Britisli 
Museum,  revised  the  Freshwater  Shells  of  Australia.  With  additions 
pioposed  by  himself  he  included  fifty-two  of  "  this  neglected  group  "  of 
Australian  "Physa;"  •'  but  he  thought  that  if  his  revision  liad  been  inoie 
complete,  several  species  would  be  found  endowed  with  a  super-abundance 
of  names. 

1  R.  T.  Leiper— Proc.  Rov.  Soc.  Medicme,  ix.,  1916,  pp.  145-172. 

2  Tate  &  Brazier— Proc.  Linn.  Soo.  N.S.Wales,  vi.,  Dec.  1881.  pp.  552-569. 
■'  Smith — Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  Zool.,  xvi.,  April,  1882,  p.  275. 


2  RECORDS    OF    THE   AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Induced  by  these  expressions  of  discontent,  ]\Ir.  A.  H.  Cooke  nndeitook 
an  enquiry,'*  "On  tlie  Generic  Position  of  tlie  so  called  VJnjuie  of  Australia." 
He  noted  several  probable  sj-nonyniic  assemblages  of  tlie  species.  On  higher 
taxonomic  levels  he  showed  b}'  radnla  characters  that  this  group  should 
be  eliminated  from  Fhnsa  and  linked  with  I'lunorhis.  For  its  gejieric 
name  he  selected  BiiJimis  proposed  by  Adanson  in  1757.  Unluckily  foi' 
that  conclusion,  Adanson  was  a  pre-linnean  and  not  a  binoniial  writer;  his 
nomenclature  is,  therefore,  ineffective.  Apparently  the  place  of  Buh'niis 
may  be  taken  by  BulU^nis  which  accoi-ding  to  Hei'rmannsen,  was  dnl}' 
proposed  by  Oken. 

Chiefly  on  the  evidence  of  the  radnla,  Cooke  classifies  BnlJiiim^  as 
"  not  so  much  a  sinistial  Liiiniaen  as  a  spiral  Flavoyhis.'"  Reference  of 
Bnlliuns  and  Isadora  to  the  family  Planorbidaj  is  furthei- supported  by  the 
ciliated  epidermis  and  by  the  filiform  tentacles  figured  by  Lesson,^  Tate'' 
and  Cobb,'  as  well  as  by  the  non-digitate  mantle  figured   by  Chapman.*^ 

This  group  presents  tlie  student  with  exceptional  difficulties.  The 
species  appear  to  vary  exti-emel}'  and  to  limits  not  yet  ascertained.  With 
the  honourable  exception  of  Tate's  essay  in  the  Zoology  of  the  Horn  Ex- 
pedition, the  literature  has  multiplied  names  and  ignored  variation.  Jn 
the  present  state  of  a  world  war  the  usual  help  fi'om  correspondents,  such 
as  comparison  of  specimens  or  drawings,  cannot  now  be  obtained.  Wlien 
a  time  of  peace  comes  it  will  be  necessaiy  to  institute  a  fuller  comparison 
between  our  species  a-nd  their  reputed  types  abroad.  Thus  no  positive 
conclusions  are  advanced  and  the  matter  that  follows  is  presented  rathei' 
as  a  means  to  further  inquiry  than  as  the  finished  result  of  investigation. 

A  chance  handful  from  an}'  pool  is  likely  to  present  individuals  with 
a  longer  and  with  a  shorter  spire.  The  first  lesson  to  be  learnt  in  studying 
this  group  is  how  changeable  a  chai'acter  is  this  elevation  of  the  spire. 
The  piesence  or  absence,  spacing  or  punctuation,  of  spiral  sculpture,  can 
not  be  used  as  a  safe  guide  to  spe('ific  differentation.  These  features  are 
the  imprint  of  spiral  threads  or  lines  of  cilife  in  the  epidermis.  But  the 
epidermal  coat  varies  in  development  according  to  local  cttiuiitioiis,  so 
that  lines  of  ciliae,  which  would  appai-entl}'  be  otherwise  developed,  seem 
to  be  I'epressed  in  unfavourable  environment.  Yet  some  geographical 
series  suggest  that  there  are  species  which  never  develop  such  cilia\ 

A  more  abundant  supply  of  lime  allows  a  deposit  on  the  innei'  lip 
and  hence  longitudinal  streaks  that  mark  previous  rest  stages. 

The  wi'iter  gralefnlly  acknowledges  the  kindness  of  the  Dii'ecfor  of 
the  National  Museum,  Melbourne,  for  the  loan  of  types  of  Tenison  Woods. 
Mr.  C.  J.  Gabi'iel,  who  kindly  relinquished  in  my  favour  the  task  of 
reporting  on  this  material,  also  generously'  assisted  me  with  the  loan  of 
specimens  and  with  infoi-mation.  To  j\[iss  P.  F.  Clarke  and  ]\{iss  .1.  K. 
Allan,  I  am  indebted  for  the  illustiations  which  accompany  this  [lapei-. 

••  Cooke— Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1889.  ])p.  136-143. 

5  Le.sson — Zool.  Voy.  Coquille.  182(5.  pi.  xvi.,  fi":.  5. 

«  TatP— Horn  Exped..  Zool..  1896.  \A.  xix..  fig.  25. 

7  Cobh— .\<,M-ic.  (iazptte  N.S.Walps,  ix..  1898,  p.  182,  ti-,^  2. 

»  Chapman— Mem.  Nat.  Miis.  M.'Ui.,  v.,  1914.  pi.  i..  f'lo-s.  2-;i. 


NOTES    ON    THE    VICTORIAN    Si'EClES    OF    t^UI-LlNUH — liEDLEV.  3 

BUMilNfS,  Uheii. 
Jlitlliintf',  Okeu,  Lelirb.  d.  Natuigscli.,  iii.,  1815,  p.  303  (fulc  Heirinanusen, 

Indicis  Gen.   Mahic,  i.,  184G,   j).   147). 
I!iiliiut.<,   Adaiisoii,   Hisloire   Naturelle  du   Scin'Kal,    1757,   p.  5,  pi.  i.,    ti-,'. 

E.  J.  L.  &  Q.  :    Cooke,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1889,  p.  U2. 

So  far  as  I  can  ascertain  the  African  species  which  Adansou  studied 
has  not  been  again  recognised.  Tlie  identity  of  the  type  is,  therefore, 
obscure. 

liULLlNUS    TENUISTRIATUS,   Soinerby. 

(Plate  i.,  tig.  1-6  ;  PI.  ii.,  fig.  15.) 

rJnjm  teitid^triatii,  Sowerby,  Conch.  Icon,  xix.,  April,  1873,  PI.  x.,  fig. 
85;  LI,  Tate  &  Brazier,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  vi.,  1881,  p. 
556  ;  Id.,  Smith,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc.  Zool.,  xvi.,  1882,  p.  283  ;  LL, 
Ciessin,  Concli.  Cab.,  i.,  Abtli.  17,  1886,  p.  313,  PI.  45,  tig.  12  ;  LI, 
Billinghurst,  Vict.  Nat.,  x.,  1893,  p.  63  ;  Id.,  Tate,  Rep.  Horn  Exped., 
Zool.  ii.,  1906,  p.  212  ;  LL,  Cherry,  Bilharziosis,  1917,  p.  4,  PI.  i.,  fig.  8. 

.^i'//v.s((  .s'//(//A/,  Clessin,  Conch.  Cab,  i.,  Abth.   17,  1885,  p.  294,  PI.   42, 
■fig.  2-3. 
Var.   PDNCTURATUS — FJiijt>a  yuHcturata,    Sowerby,    Conch.    Icon.,    xix., 

1874,  PI.  i.,  fig.  5  ;   LI.,  Tate  &  Brazier,  Sniith  and  Clessin,  Op.  cit. 

Var.  TEXTUKATUS — Fhijsu  texturata,  Sowerby,  Conch.  Icon.,  xix.,  1874, 

PI.  xii.,  fig.  95  ;   LI.,  Tate  &  Brazier,   Smith  and  Clessin,  0^*.   cit. 

Var.  ARACHNOIDEDS — Fltijsa  aracliuuidea,  Tenison  Woods,  Trans.  Roy. 

Soc.   Vict.,  xiv.,  1878,  p.  63  ;     Id.,  Tate   &   Brazier,    Smith   and   Clessin, 

0[K     cit. 

Var.  WATERHOUSEI — Fhysu  iraterJioi'sei,  Clessin,  Conch.  Cab.,  O^)-  cit. 
p.  361,  PI.  51,  fig.  6. 

There  occurs  in  Victoria  and  South  Australia,  either  a  group  of 
indefinite  and  closely  allied  species  related  to  Btdli)ius  teimistriatus  or  one 
very  variable  species  whose  limits  of  aberration  are  not  yet  ascertained. 
Thus  Tate  writes  (Op.  cit.,  p.  212)  : — "  I  have  little  doubt  that  JJ.  textar- 
atns,  Ik  pinictnrutH'i  and  B.  teimistriatus  are  variants  of  one  species."  And 
Cooke  (0[>.  cit.,  p.  136,  footnote)  suggests  a  still  broader  union,  connecting 
B.  te.ctiiratiis  with  B.  proteas,  Sowerby,  B. pyramidatus,  Sowerby,  B.  dispar, 
Sowerby,  B.  pectorosa,  Conrad,  B.  hrevicnhnen.  Smith,  B.  ha.dii(,  Adams  & 
Angas,  and  J>.  concinna,  Adams  &  Angas. 

These  opinions  are  entitled  to  serious  consideration.  1  have  not 
yet  sufficient  information  either  to  confirm  or  to  deny  them. 

B.  TENUISTRIATDS  (sensii  stricto).  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  when 
revising  this  group,  Mr.  E.  A.  Smith  did  not  supplement  with  measure- 
ments and  other  details  the  incomplete  original  description  of  Sowerby. 
The  type  of  B.  teimistriatus  came  from  the  Torrens  River,  near  Adelaide, 
S.  i^ustralia.  By  means  of  specimens  collected  there  and  determined  by 
Prof.  Tate,  I  am  enabled  to  recognise  typical  specimens  in  a  lot  collected 
at  Overland  Corner,  Victoria  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Taylor.  One  of  these  hei'e 
figured  (PI.  i.,  figs.  1-2.)  is  13  mm.  long  and  9  min.  broad,  very  thin  and 
transparent.  The  suture  is  margined  beneath  by  a  narrow  pale  line 
followed  by  a  broader  dark  baud,  there  is  also  a  broad  dark  stripe  within 
tlie   outer   lip.        The   sculpture   consists  of    exceedingly   delicate   radial 


4  RECORDS    OF   THE    ALSTKALIAN    MUSEUM. 

threads  wliicli  may  or  may  not  be  broken  into  short  lengtlis  by  spiral 
stria).  Mr.  C.  J.  Gabriel  also  sends  this  form  from  Eddini^lon  on  the 
Lodder  River. 

Var.  TEXTUKATUS — Sowerby  writes  of  I'hijfa  te.i'turalns  that,  "  under  a 
lens  this  appeals  as  if  impressed  with  a  tine  woven  fabric."  From  this  I 
understand  that  it  is  distinguished  from  t^'pical  li.  feiiiiistn'Kftis  by  the 
impressed  spiral  lines.  Answering  to  such  a  description  is  a  specimen, 
18  mm.  long  and  10  mm.  broad  from  the  Wimmera  River  (Cox  Coll.)  here 
figured  (PI.  i.,  tigs.  3-4).  Similar  specimens  are  before  me  from  Mt. 
Renalla  (G.  B.  Pritchard),  Stawell  (T.  L.  Billinghurst),  and  Cantield  (C. 
.1.  Gabriel).  Smith  reports  it  as  collected  by  Mr.  R.  Ktlieridge,  Jnnr.,  at 
Sutton  Grange.  That  gentleman  now  tells  me  that  he  obtained  it  in 
1867,  near  Mt.  Alexander,  not  far  from  Castlemaine. 

Var.  PUNCTDRATUS.  A  form  here  provisionally  identified  as  ['hi/su 
pKiictnratiin,  Sowerby,  was  gathered  by  Mr.  W.  Kershaw  in  the  "  Murray 
Swamps."  The  sculpture  has  minute  spaced  tubercles,  arranged  in  Avide 
spiral  lines.  The  effect  is  that  of  the  hair  scars  of  Chloritis.  An  example 
drawn  (PI.  i.,  fig.  5-6.)  is  20  mm.  long  and  II  mm.  broad. 

Var.  WATERHOUSEi.  To  this  species  of  Clessin  is  now  with  hesitation 
referred  a  buHmoid  form  with  rounded  whorls  and  elevate  spire.  The 
specimen  figured  (PI.  i.,  fig.  7-8.)  is  20  mm.  long  and  11  mm.  broad.  It 
was  given  to  the  Rev.  J.  E.  Tenison  Woods  by  Mr.  W.  Kei'shaw,  who  took 
i(;  in  the  "  Murray  River."  A  similar  form  is  in  the  Cox  Collection  from 
Guu-bovver  and  from  the  Wimmera  River. 

Var,  ARACHNOIDEUS.  The  types  lent  by  the  National  Museum, 
Melbourne,  consist  of  four  specimens,  labelled  "  P//V*"tf  uraclni(ii(fet(,  Ten. 
Woods.  Type,  Near  Melbouine.  36001-5."  One  of  these  here  figuied 
(PI.  ii.,  fig.  15.)  is  13  mm.  in  length  and  6  mm.  in  bieadth.  It  is  a 
comparatively  small  and  slender  form.  Even  among  the  type  \oi  there  is 
a  difference  in  sculpture  ;  all  have  fine,  dense,  radial  hair  lines,  on  one  no 
spiral  sculpture  is  perceptible,  on  another  there  are  spiral  lines  of  rather 
distant  cilia%  which  correspond  to  spiral  lines  on  the  bare  shell.  The 
suture,  like  that  of  var,  textKratus,  is  frequently  edged  by  a  pale  above  a 
dark  line.  The  shape  is  fairly  constant.  It  is  common  and  widespread  in 
Victoiia,  before  me  are  specimens  from  Castlemaine  (T.  L.  Billinghurst), 
Melbouiiiu  (Major  Cherry),  Echuca  (Cox  Coll.),  Willianistown  (C.  J. 
Gabriel)  and  Overland  Coi-ner  (F.  If.  Taylor). 

BULMNUS    TENUISTRIATUS,   var.  CONFLUENS,"    (•((/•.    IKif. 

(Plate  i.,  fig,  9-10.) 

Shell  elliptical,  large  and  thin,  narrowly  umbilicate.  Spire  sln)it 
with  concave  outline.  Last  whorl  lapidly  increasing,  compiessed  at  the 
peri[)liery.  Sculpture,  fine  and  dense  radial  hair  riblets.  Length  21  mm., 
breadth  12  mm. 

lli'h. —  Fchuca  (type)  and  Gun-bower  (Cox  Coll.),  Lake  liatton  or 
lladdah  (C,  J.  Gabriel), 

"  In  rt'tertMioe  to  '*  Echiu-a,"  meaning;  in  the  native  lanLrna^o  "  iueetin<:j  of  the 
waters  "  of  the  Murniy,  CiouHjuru  aiul  CaiJii)aspo  Kivcrs. 


NOTKS    ON    THK    VICTOIMAN    SI'KCIKS    OK    r.UM-INUS — HEULEV.  5 

This  form  makes  a  uearer  approach  to  I'lnjt^a  ai(strah\(ii(i,  Conrad, ^'^ 
than  to  any  other  tigureil  species.  But  that  is  shown  with  the  anterior 
lip  contracted  to  a  gutter  and  with  a  more  gibbous  shoulder.  Conrad's 
species  is  18  mm.  long  and  comes  from  tlie  Jiogan  River,  N.  S.  Wales. 
Probably  the  type  of  it  is  still  preserved  in  the  Museum  at  Logan  Square, 
Philadelphia. 

BULLINDS    ACDTJSl'IRA,   Tnjuil. 

(Plate  i.,  tig.  11-12;  Plate  ii.,  6g.  16.) 
I'hij^a  acntUplrn,  Tryon,  Am.  Joinii.  Conch.,  ii.,  1866,  p.  9,  PI.  ii.,  fig.  10; 

/</.,  Tate  &   Brazier,   Proc.   Linn.  8oc.  N.  S.  Wales,  vi.,  18bl,  p.  557  ; 

/(?.,  Smith,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool.,  xvi.,  1882,  p.  282,  PI.  vi.,  tig.  16  ; 

/t/.,  Clessin,  Conch.  Cab.,  i.,  Abth.  17,  1885,  p.  242,  PI.  xxxiv.,  fig.  1. 

Var.  YARKAENSIS — Fliijsa  [/((rraeiif^is,  Tenison  Woods,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc. 
Vict.,  xiv.,  1878,  p.  6-4  ;    hi,  Tate  &  Brazier  ;    Smith  &  Clessin,  Op.  cit. 

Var.  TENUil.iKATA — Fin/i^a  tt'uitiliri(t((,  Smith,  Jouiii.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool., 
xvi.,  1882,  p.  291,  PI.  vi.,  "fig.  27. 

Var.  ETHERiDGii — Fhi/sii  etheriihiil,  Smith.  Journ.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool., 
xvi.,  1882,  p.  288,  PI.  vi.,*fig.  25;    Id.,  Clessin,  Op.  cit. 

As  here  construed,  B.  acatispira  agrees  with  ]>.  ttniuistriatiis  in  the 
appearance  and  vaiiation  of  the  sculpture.  It  is,  however,  always  a 
smaller,  more  slender  shell,  with  a  sharply  pointed  and  elevated  spire. 
The  type  is  probably  preserved  in  the  Museum  of  the  Academy  at  Phila- 
delphia. It  was  12  mm.  long  and  was  compared  by  the  author  to  the 
common  European  Fliiisa  hijimornin.  The  locality  was  not  described  more 
definitely  than  "  Australia." 

Var.  YARRAENSis — The  National  Museum,  Melbourne  has  forwarded 
to  me  three  imperfect  specimens,  labelled  "  Fhysu  ijarrKcnsis,  Ten.  Woods. 
Type.  Upper  Yarra.  No.  85998-36000."  One  of  these,  figured  at  PI.  ii., 
fig.  16,  is  11  mm.  long  and  6  mm.  broad.  It  is  thin  and  transparent  and 
sculptured  by  distant  spiral  lines  of  ciliae.  This  variety  has  also  been 
sent  from  Carrun  Creek,  Fraukston,  by  Mr.  T.  Worcester. 

Another  variety,  which  in  the  confused  state  of  nomenclature,  it 
seems  unwise  for  me  to  name,  is  figured  at  PI.  i.,  fig.  11-12.  It  is  11  mm. 
long  and  5  mm.  broad,  with  a  very  tall  and  slender  spire.  It  was  sent  by 
Mr.  C.  J.  Gabriel   from  Horsham. 

Another  form  is  shown  at  PI.  i.,  tig.  13,  is  13  mm.  long  and  6  mm. 
broad,  more  ovate  in  shape  and  more  solid  in  substance.  This  is  sent  by 
Mr.  Gabriel   from  Cape  Grant,  near  Portland. 

Mr.  E.  A.  Smith  has  reported  F.  elheridijii  from  the  Yan  Yean 
Reservoir  and  a  variety  of  F.  teuutlinUu  from  the  Bunyip  River. 

BuLLiNDS  ALici*,  Reeve. 
(Plate  i.,  fig.  14,  Plate  ii.,  fig.  17-18) 
Fhysu   (Aincria)   idicio;  Reeve,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1862,  p.  106,   text  figg.  ; 
Id.,  Sowerby,  Conch.  Icon.,  xix.,  1874,  PI.  i.,  fig.  6a  not  6b;  It'.,  Tate 

10  Phjsa  australiana,  Conrad,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  v.,  1850,  p.  11  ;  Id., 
Conrad,  Am.  Journ.  Conch.,  ii.,  1866,  p.  81.  PI.  i.,  fiy.  7  ;  Id.,  Paetel,  Cat.  Conch. 
Saiuml.,  ii.,  1889,  p.  103.  ? Physa  krefftii,  Clesain  (emend),  Couch.  Cab.  i.,  Abth.  17, 
1886,  p.  370,  PI,  Ii  v.,  tig.   12. 


b  RECORDS    OF    TUE    ACSTRALIAN    MDSELM. 

&  Brazier,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  vi.,  1881,  p.  558  ;   Id.,  Smitli, 
Journ.  Liun.  Soc,  Zool.,  xvi.,  1882,  p.  293  ;    LL,  Clessin,  Concli.  Cab., 
i.,  Abtli.  17,  1885,  p.  298,  PI.  xliii.,  fig.  2-5  ;      hi,  Cooke,  Proc.  Zuul. 
Soc,  1889,  p.  140,  tig.  5. 
Aiiqjle.rit  liirritu,  Tate,  Proc.  Liuii.  Soc  X.S.Wales,  vi.,  1881,  ]).  409. 
I'hysa   tnrriculata,   Tate   &   Brazier,   Up.   cit.,   p.    558   (Not   Bulla   tiirrita, 
Gnieliti,    Sy.st.    Nat.,    xiii.,    1791,    p.    3428,    iior    Fliysa   turrictdata, 
Morelet,  Voy.  Welwitscli,  1868,  p.  92,  PI.  ix.,  tig.  6.) 
V'ar.  KERSHAW! — i'hysa  kershavi,  Ten.  Woods,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict., 
xiv.,  1878,  p.  64;   /(/.,  Smith,  Tate  &  Brazier;  and  Clessin,  0^>.  cit. 

Var.  C'lXGULAT.\ — I'hi/.sa  cinyalafa,  Clessin,  Couch.  Cab.  i.,  Abth.  17, 
1886,  p.  364,  PI.  li.,  fig.  8;  Baliim-^  alici"-,  var.  riinjulahi^,  Billinghurst, 
Victorian  Naturalist,  x.,  1893,  p.  63. 

Herewith  is  figured  the  sole  type  of  Vhijsii  ker-^lnu'-i,  Ten.  Woods 
(PI.  ii.,  fig.  17)  from  the  Upper  Yarra,  No.  36083  of  the  National  Museum, 
Melbourne,  7  mm.  long,  3.5  mm.  broad.  In  support  of  the  above  synonymy, 
1  also  illustrate  an  authentic  specimen  of  Aniplexa  hirritit  from  Ballarat 
(PI.  i.,  tig.  14)  20  mm.  long  and  7  mm.  broad,  received  by  the  Australian 
Museum,  thus  labelled  from  Prof.  R.  Tate.  I  also  figure  (PI.  ii.,  fig.  17) 
the  apex  of  a  specimen  collected  at  Lal-lal  by  ^Ir.  Kershaw.  The  number 
and  importance  of  the  spiral  ridges  are,  as  Smith  has  already  remarked, 
quite  variable. 

Ui(h. — Ballarat  (R.  Tate),  Castlemaine  (Billinghurst),  Lal-lal 
(W.  Kershaw)  and  Avon  River  (C.  J.  Gabriel). 

BULLINDS    PECTOKOSDS,  Co)irad. 

I'hysa  i)ectorosm,  Conrad,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  v.,  1850,  p.  11, 
and  Am.  Journ.  Conch.,  ii.,  1866,  p.  81,  PI.  i.,  fig.  11;  /'/.,  Tate  <fe 
Brazier,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.  S.  Wales,  vi.,  1881,  p.  556;  /c/.,  Smith, 
Journ.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool.,  xvi.,  1882,  p.  279,  PI.  vi.,  fig.  11;  /(/.,  Clessin, 
Conch.  Cab.,  i.,  Abth.  17,  1885,  p.  245,  PI.,  xxxvi.,  Hg.  10  ;  Id.,  Cooke, 
Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1889,  p.  136,  footnote;  Id.,  Billinghurst,  Victorian 
Naturalist,  x.,  1893,  p.  63  ;  Id.,  Tate,  Rep.  Horn  Exped.,  Zool.,  ii., 
1906,  p.  212. 

I'hysa  piiiijHls,  Sowerby,  Conch.   Icon.,  xix.,  1874,  PI.  xii.,  tig.  93. 

Mr.   Billinghurst  has  recorded   this  species  as  rare  Ht  Castlemaine. 

I  fear  that  1   was  responsible  for  this  identification,      'i'his  Castlemaine 

form  1  nt)W  consider  to  be  B.  toniisfrialus  var.  (iracJuKiidvus,  Ten.  Woods. 

IsODORA,  Ehreiiberg. 

Isodura,  Khrenbei'g,  Symbol.  Phys.  Mollusc,  &c.,  1831,  no  pnginalion  (fide 

Germain   in   de   Keiville,   Voy.   en    Kroumisie,   Zool.    1908,   p.    2  19)  ; 

type   l.^odnra  hmrrhii,  I'jlirenberg,   a   vai-iety   of    /.   roiiloiid,   Michaud, 

from   North  Africa. 
hidorella,  Tate,  Kep.  Horn   Exped.,  Zool.,  ii.,  1896,  p.  212  ;    type,    i'hysa 

iieii-coiiibi,  A.  Adams  <t  Augas,  1863,  from  Central  Austral  in. 

Piofessor  R.  Tate  cori-eclly  segregated  from  the  "Aus<rali:iii  I'liysa-," 
a  group  of  species  in  which  the  columella  lias  lu)  fold.  These  are  readily 
separated  from  those  above  called  JIkIUhks  by  that  feature  and  by  a  more 


NOTKS    ON    THE     VICTORIAN    SPECIES    OK    liDIJJNllS — HEULRV.  7 

rotund  forin.  To  the  diagnosis  of  Prof.  Tate,  I  would  now  add  that  Isld- 
ineUx  has  the  tii'st  wlioi'l  wound  in  tlie  same  plane,  whereas  the  initial 
whorls  of  lUiJUiius,  including  Aiiierl((,  are  upthrust  or  muoronate. 

Prof.  Tate  instituted  lxi(J()rt'!l((  "on  the  assumption  tliat  tlie  lingual 
ribbon  will  afford  differential  characters,"  from  Tgodorci  ;  but  it  lias  not 
done  so.  For  Cooke  showed  that  the  radula  of  hidorelld  />lnjsopsix  is  of 
the  same  pattern  as  that  of  Aiii('ii((  (il'icin'  or  of  Ifodaru  coiitorta.  Tliough 
geogi'a[)hical  discontinuity  might  have  encouraged  Prof.  Tate  to  liold  these 
forms  apait,  tliis  argument  was  subsequently  weakened  by  the  appearance 
of  litodura  in  the  iMoluccas,  Celebes  and  Asia  Minoi'.  ]n  Kuster's  figure 
of  /.  Jinirchli,^^  tlie  columella  is  shown  to  be  without  a.  fold.  The  weight 
of  evidence  is  thus  towards  uniting  ratlier  than  towards  dividing  Isidnrelln 
from  hodorx. 

ISODOKA    UAINESII,   TnjOII . 

(Plate  ii.,  fig.  19-20-21.) 

Fhi/.'^a  (Tsidora)  halytesil,  Tryon,  Am.  Journ.  Conch.,  ii.,  1866,  p.  9,  PI.  ii., 
fig.  9  ;  Id.,  Tate  &  Bi'azier,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  vi.,  1881,  p. 
556;  yj.,  Smith,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool.,  xvi.,  1882,  p.  281  ;  Id., 
Clessin,  Conch.  Cab.,  i.,  Abth.  17,  1886,  p.  866,  PI.  xlix.,  fig.  1  ; 
Id.,  Cooke,   Journ.  of   Conch.,  v.,  1887,  p.  241. 

rinj.^.t  hitih, hiatal,   Sowerby,   Conch.  Icon.,  xix.,  1873,   PI.   v.,  fig.   33. 

J'liijsd  riliium,  Clessin,  mss..  Op.  cit.,  1886,  p.  351. 

]*}njs(t  ^i-Jivdijeri,  Clessin,  mss.,  0/).,  cit.,  1886,  p.  366. 

Var.  PILOSA — Fhi/xu  pilosu.  Ten.  Woods,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict.,  xiv., 
1878,  p.  63  ;    Id.,  Tate  &  Brazier;   Smith  and  Clessin,  Oj).  cit. 

Var.  CREBRECililATA — Phi/sa  erehreciliatd.  Ten.  Woods,  Trans.  Roy.  Soc. 
Vict.,  xiv.,  1878,  p.  63  ;  Id.,  Tate,  Brazier  and  Smith,  Op.  cit.  ;  Id., 
Clessin,  Conch.  Cab.,  i.,  Abth.  17,  1886,  p.  351,  PI.  xlix.,  fig.  10;  Id., 
Chapman,  Mem.   Nat.  ]\[us.   Melb.,  v.,  1914,   p.  58,  PI.,  i.,  fig.   2. 

Fhys<(   Jiirsutii,  Ten.  Woods,  mss. 

Var.  liRAZlRKi — Fliiff^K  hrazieri.  Smith,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool.,  xvi., 
1882,  p.  286,  PI.  vi.,  fig".  22;  Id.,  Clessin,  Conch.  Cab.,  i.,  Abth.  17,  1885, 
p.  237,  PI.  xxxvi.,  fig.  3  ;  Id.,  Tate,  Rep.  Horn  Exped.,  Zool.,  ii.  1896,  p.  215. 

Some  of  the  names  listed  above  were  subordinated  by  Prof.  Tate  to 
7.  veifcoiiitii.  Though  impressed  by  his  views,  I  prefer,  for  the  present, 
to  hold  that  apart.  I.  Imiiiesii^  as  understood  liere,  is  a  smaller  and  more 
elongate  form,  which  extends  to  the  Pacific  coast,  while  the  larger 
/.  veiranuhl  seems  not  to  do  so. 

As  pointed  out  by  Smith  in  the  case  of  /.  hrar.ieri,  the  species  varies 
in  colour  from  dark  liorn  brown  to  pale  straw  ;  the  spire  is  moi'e  or  less 
elevated  and  the  epidermis  is  at  times  more  dense  and  profusely  ciliated 
than  at  otheis.  The  pattern  wliich  the  epidermis  impresses  on  the  sliell 
varies  relatively. 

n    Kuster— ('(inch.  Cab.,  i..  1862,  PI.  xii.,  fi^^  17-19.      ' 


8  RECORDS    OF    THE    AHSTRAMAN    MUSEUM. 

Preserved  in  Melbourne  are  four  specimens  labelled  as  the  types  of 
I'hi/sa  pilofnt  and  registered  as  35994-7.  The  locality  is  not  stated  in  the 
description,  but  these  types  are  labelled  "University  Ponds."  One  of 
tiiese  is  here  illustrated  (PI.  ii.,  fig.  19-20),  13  mm.  long  and  8  mm.  broad. 
In  the  original  account  Tenison  Woods  doubted  if  P.  pilosu  was  specifically 
distinct  from  1\  riehreriliafo,  over  which  it  has  page  precedence.  1\  piJosa 
i.s  a  pale  clear  i.sabelline  colour,  whereas  V.  crehreclliafd,  is  dark  brown. 
/'.  /'//{»»•(<  has  also  a  lower  spire,  a  nai'rower  forixi  and  a  less  developed 
epidermis  than  F.  crehreciJiata. 

The  tj'pe  of  P.  crehreciJiata  does  not  exist  under  that  name  in  the 
collection  of  the  Musenm  at  Melbourne.  But  1  have  received  four 
specimens,  marked  "  36028-31,  Flnjsa  hirsiifa.  Ten.  Woods,  Caulfield."  No 
such  species  was  published  by  Tenison  Woods.  The  locality,  description 
and  comparison  of  F.  crehreciliata  suit  "  hirfiita,''''  exactly.  1  presume, 
therefore,  that  the  name  was  changed  in  course  of  publication,  and  that 
the  real  t3'pes  of  ^^crehreciliata''''  are  the  specimens  maiked  " /^//•.><'(f/(f." 
These  specimejis  are  less  globose  than  the  oiiginal  figure  published  by 
Clessin  and  closely  correspond  to  J'Jnjsa  hra;:ieri,  Smith,  var.  major,  from 
the  Burnett  Rivei',  Queensland.  There  are  on  the  body  whoil  about 
thirty-two  spirals  of  fine  cilite,  decussated  by  fine  close  longitudinal 
lamella^.  The  latter,  as  in  the  case  of  7.  )ieirco))ihi,  rise  round  the  suture 
into  a  sort  of  I'uff  or  collar.  But  the  epidermis  is  raiely  preserved  in  so 
perfect  a  state.  Of  the  four  type  specimens,  the  one  which  is  drawn  (PI. 
ii.,  fig.  21)  has  a  comparativelj'^  elevated  spire,  while  in  the  other  three 
the  spire  is  mucli  more  depiessed.     It  is  12  mm.  long  and  8  mm.  broad. 

ISODORA   NEWCOMBI,  Aihons  ^3'  Aiiga.<. 

Flii/sa  veirrcnii],!,  A.  Adams  &  Angas,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1863,  p.  416  (April, 
1864)  ;  /(/.,  Sowerby,  Conch.  Icon.,  xix.,  1873,  PI.  iii.,  fig.  21;  /</., 
Tate  &  Braziei',  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  vi.,  1881,  p.  555  ;  hi. 
Smith,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool.,  xvi.,  1882,  p.  280;  hi.,  Clessin, 
Conch.  Cab.,  i.,Abth.  17,  1885,  p.  299,  PI.  xliii.,  fiir.  6;  Id.,  Cooke, 
Journ.  of  Conch.,  v.,  1887,  p.  242. 

Tifiihirella  ueircomhl,  Tate,  Kep.  Horn  Exped.,  Zoo),  ii.,  1906,  p.  213,  PI.  xix., 
hg.  25. 

^  Fhtjm  ><i(hi)ijh(l,i,  Sowerby,  Conch,  icon.,  xix.,  1874,  PI.  i.,  fig.  6a,  not  5. 

Var.  iNKi.ATA — Fhijm  injlila,  Adams  &  Angas,  Proc.  Zool,  Soc,  1864, 
p.  :>9  ;   /(/.,  Sowerby.  Conch.  Icon.,  xix.,  1874,  PI.  i.,  fig.  4. 

V^ai-.  PHYSOi'sis — hiiinni-a  pit i/fop.'iis,  Cooke,  .lourn.  of  Conch.,  v.,  1887, 
p.  243,  PI.  ii.,  fig.  1-4  ;   /,/.,  Proc  Zool.  Soc,  1889,  pp.  137-140,  tig.  7. 

Pjdf.  Tate  notes  that  in  arid  legions  this  species  prepares  for  sipstiv- 
ation  by  burrowing  into  the  mud  and  closing  the  apei-tuie  with  a  hemi- 
spheric lid  of  fine  silt. 

Ilah. — Typical  form,  Jiacclnis  .Maish  and  Stawell  (T.  L.  Hillingliuist)  ; 
var.  inlhtia,  Mount  Ho[)e. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    I. 


Fig.  1.      BidliiiHs  tenv{>^(riiif>is,  Sowerbv,  from  Overland   Corner.  \'ictoria. 

2.  Sculpture  of  t,\\e  same,  enlarged. 

3.  BnUimts     tenaistriatus,      var.     textunitus,     Sowerb3-,      from      the 

Wininiera  River, 
•i.      Sculpture  of  tlie  same,  enlarged. 

5.  IhiUiniis  toiiiistrlatiif,  VKV.  puiicfurKtiif,  Sowerbv.  from  the  Mnriav 

Swamps. 

6.  Sculpture  of  the  same,  enlarged. 

7.  Jjiilli)ni>'  tenuistrintifs,  vsiv.  n-dfrrlidusel,  Clessin,  fruiu    flie  Murray 

River. 

8.  Sculpture  of  tlie  same,  enlarged. 

9.  Bnlllnus  tewuistridtH",  var.  ranihieti'^,  Hedley,  from  tlie  iype,  from 

Ecbuca. 

10.  Sculpture  of  tbe  same,  enlarged. 

11.  Ilnlliiius  aciitisplra,  Tryon,  var.  from  Horsliam,  Victoria. 

12.  Sculpture  of  tbe  same,  enlarged. 

13.  Built nnf!  acHtispira,  var.  from  Portland. 

14.  Bidlhins  aliciae,  Reeve,  from  a  co-type  of  A)iii>h',ra   furriln,  Tate, 

from  Ballarat. 


m-ir.  AisiMj.  Mi;s.,  \'ol.  xi 


i'l.AlK,    1 


8      -i-iW^i^ 


i)j.i 


w'l  ; 


Joyce  K.  Allan,  del. 


EXJ'J.ANATliiN   UF   l'I,ATK    11. 


Fij^.  15.      JJulliiins  te)ii(i!>tn'atiis,   Sowei'by,  var.   ((raclniiiideKs,  Ten.  Woods, 
fi'oin  the  t.ype  of  FIn/su  araclnii>lili'i(,  Ten.  Woods. 

16.  JInUinus   aiMitispini,   Tryon,   var.    iit(rra<'ii!iif<,   Ten.   Woods,    from 

the  type  of  I'In/sa  yarraei!><i'f<,  Ten.  Woods. 

17.  JliilJinif-<     aliriiv,    var.    fi'oni    tlie    ty[)e    of    I'lnjsa    kershairi\   Ten. 

Woods. 

18.  Apex   of    Viiilliiin^  aliciiv,  enlargei],  from  a  specimen  collected  at 

Lal-lal    by  Mr.  W.  Kersliaw. 

19.  If^vdora  hi(lnef'ii,  Tryou,  var.  jjilusn,  Ten.  Woods,  fioni    the   type 

of   I'hijsa  ))ilos(i,  Ten.  Woods. 

20.  Sutural  ruff  of  epidermis  of  the  same. 

21.  Isndura  /((liiiesii,  Tryon,  var.  crebreciliata,  Ten.  Woods   from    the 

presumed  type  of  Fhijsa  crebreciliata.,  Ten.  Woods. 


KKr.  AlSrU.  MIS.,  VOL.  XII 


I'l.ATK    11 


PiiYr,i,is  F.  ('i,ai;kk,  elul. 


SOME    AUSTRALIAN    BLENNIOIU    FISHKS. 

1?Y 

Am, AN  II.  McCuLLOCH,  Zoolof^ist,  and  Fkank  A.  McNkiij,,  .Tuiiior  Assibtant, 

A  USTK  A  r.lAN     M  us  K  UiM . 

(Plates  iii.-iv.) 

Owing  t(i  the  kindness  of  Fi'ofessor  W.  A.  Haswell,  ]\[.A.,  D.Sc,  we 
have  been  enabled  to  examine  tlie  typical  examples  of  the  various  Blennies 
described  b^'  Sir  William  John  Macleay,  which  are  pieseived  in  the 
Maclea}'  ^Fuseuni  at  the  University  oF  Sydney.  Some  of  these  can  be 
identified  with  earlier  described  species,  while  we  have  redesciibed  aud 
figured  the  otheis.  We  are  also  indebted  to  the  Acting-Director  of  the 
Queensland  Museum  for  the  loan  of  the  types  of  three  species  described  by 
Mr.  Charles  W.  de  Vis,  and  to  Mr.  J.  Douglas  Ogilby  foi'  valuable  notes 
upon  them. 

The  Australian  Museum  collection  is  rich  in  good  series  of  various 
species  of  S<(h(ri((s  from  many  localities,  which  have  enabled  us  to  revise 
those  i-ecorded  from  Australian  waters.  A  large  collection  was  made  at 
Muiiay  Island,  Torres  Strait,  by  Messis.  C.  Hedley  and  A.  K. 
McCuUoch  in  October,  1907.  Others  weie  secured  by  Messrs.  C.  Hedley 
and  E.  A.  Briggs  near  Cape  Bedford,  Queensland,  in  August,  1916,  and 
at  Cairns  Reef  and  Masthead  Island,  Queensland,  b}--  A.  R.  McCulloch  at 
various  times.  A  particularly  valuable  series  was  obtained  by  Dr.  A. 
D.  C.  Cummins  and  Staff  Paymaster  P.  B.  Stevens,  R.N.,  in  the  New 
Hebrides,  while  we  ai'e  fortunate  in  having  Indian  specimens  for  exani- 
itiation  which  were  part  of  the  collection  made  by  Dr.  Francis  Day. 
Finally,  the  Australian  Museum  collecfion  includes  several  co-t3'pes  of 
species  described  from  Austialia  which  piove  to  belong  to  allied  genera. 

Salarias,  Curler. 
Salari((s,  Cuvier,  Regne  Anim.,  ii.,  1817,  p.  251  (8.  cpt,adripev7ii^,  Riippell). 

The  presence  of  canine  teeth  has  been  used  to  separate  Alticus, 
Lacepede,  from  Salartas,  but  we  find  intermediate  species  in  which  they 
are  occasionally  present  or  absent.  Further,  some  species,  such  as  S. 
fasn'atii.-^,  which  ai-e  described  as  lacking  canines,  are  found  to  have  a 
small  one  on  each  side  of  the  mandible. 

Key  to  the  Aiisfridia7i  >^pecie!^ : — 
a.  Dorsal  fin  not  or  scarcely  notched  between  the  spines  and  rays. 
b.  No  occipital  crest. 

r.  Nnchal  tentacles  large,  fringed ;  body  and  fins  varigated .fasciatiis. 

cc.  No  nuchal  tentacles  ;  body  and  fins  nearly  black  .fuscus. 

hb.  An  occipital  crest spaldingi. 

((ft.  Dorsal  fin  incised  lietween  the  spines  and  rays. 

(?.   Mandibular  canines  lai-ge  ;  about  17  dorsal  and  19  anal  rays irroratus. 

lUJ.  Mandibular  canines  small  or  absent ;   19-23  dorsal  and  19-24.  anal  rays. 

e.  Ocular  tentacle  simple  ;   19-20  dorsal  rays rii-uJatHS. 

(S.  mtiUeri.  Klunzinger,  apparently  [enters  this  section). 
ee.  Ocular  tentacles  liranched. 

(S.  kingii,  Cuv.  and  Val.,  apparently  enters  this  section). 


10  RECORDS  OP  THK.  AUSTRALIAN  MDSEDM. 

/.  Upper  lip  crennlate  ;   19-20  dorsal  rays  ;  body  with  small,  light  ocelli 

meleagris. 
ff.  Upper  lip  not  crenixlate  ;  21-23  dorsal  rays  ;  hody  without  light  ocelli. 

g.   Body  with  thin,  dark,  longitudinal  lines;  caudal  plain liueaius. 

gg.   Body  without  longitudinal  lines. 

(S.  belenuiites,  de  Vis,  apparently  enters  this  section). 

/(.  No  occipital  crest ;  soft  dorsal  and  caudal  without  dark  borders 

dusSHiuieri. 

hh-  An  occipital  crest ;  soft  doi'sal  and  caudal  with  dark  borders 

geminatus. 

Salarias  FASCIATCS,  Bloch. 
Bleniiiiis  (jattorugine,  Forskal,  Descr.  Aiiim.,  1775,  p.  23  (not  of  Linne). 
Bleiniiiis  fasciafus,  BIocli,   Ausl.   Fiscli.,  ii.,  1786,  p.  110,  pi.  clxii.,  fig.  1. 

Id.,    Bonnaterre,    Encycl.    Metli,,    Ichth.,    1788.,   p.    53,  pi.  xxxi.,  fig. 

114.     Id,  Blocli  and  Schneider,  Syst.  Iclith.,  1801,  p.  167. 
S((liirias  fdsciatus,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  Hist.   Nat.   Poiss.,  xi.,   1836, 

p.  324.     Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  244.     Id., 

Day,   Fish.   India,   1876,   p.  330.     Id.,  Giinther,  Fische  Siidsee,  vi., 

1877,  p.  201,  pi.  cxv.,  fig.  h.     Id.,  Alleyue  and  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn. 

Soc.  N.S.Wales,   i.,   1877,  p.  336.      Id.,  Macleay,   Proc.  Linn.  Soc. 

N.S.Wales,  vi.,  1881,  p.  10.      Id.,  Ogilby,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  i.,  1912, 

p.  60. 
Erpicfhy^   f((sciatns,   Swainson,   Nat.    Hist.   Class.   Fish.    An)pli.  Rept.,  ii., 

1839,"p.  275. 
Si(hirii(s   qvadripennis,   Riippell,   Atl.    Reise  Nordl.   Afrika,   1828,  p.  112, 

[)].   xxviii.,    fig.    2.     S.  (pKidriphinis  (emend.),   Cuvier  and   Valenci- 
ennes, Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xi.,  1836,  p.  318. 
l^uhtriiis  jjr'uiDteusis,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  iv.,  1853,  p.  268. 
Salarias  semill)ieatus,  Kner,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ivi.,  1867,  fig.  5. 
Salari((s  ]i)ieolatns,  Alleyue  and  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S. Wales,  i., 

1877,  p.  336,  pi.  xiii.,  fix.  2.     Id.,  Jouan.  Mem.  Soc.  Nation.  Sci.  Nat. 

Cherbouig,  xxi„  1877,  p.  332. 
Salarias  (jriseas,  de  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.   Soc.   N.S.Wales,  viii.,  1884,  p.  450. 
Salarias  pauper,  de  Vis,  Lor.  cii.,  ix.,  1884,  p.  695. 
Sidarias  suhlineatus,  de  Vis,  Ihid.,  p.  695. 
Salarias  furvus,  de  Vis,  Ihid.,  p.  696. 
Alliens   qriseiis,    Jordan   and    Seale,   Bull.   U.S.    Fish.   Bur.,  xxv.,  1906,  p. 

424.     Id.,  Ogilby,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  iii.,  1915,  p.  135. 
AlticHs  paiiper  and  A.  suhlineaUi)^,  Ogilby,  Ihid. 

D.  xii-xiii/18-19;  A.  ii/20;  P.  14;  V.  2;  C.  11  vel  13.  Depth  at 
the  vent  4  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  4.2-4.9  in  the  same. 
Eye  3.3-3.6  in  the  head.  Penultimate  dorsal  spine  1.6-1.8,  median  dorsal 
rays  1.05-1.2,  third  anal  ray  1.1-1.4  in  the  head. 

Head  about  as  high  as  long,  with  the  forehead  vertical  and  project- 
ing slightly  before  the  eyes.  Interocular  si)ace  concave.  No  occipital 
crest.  A  laige  branched  ocular  tentacle,  and  a  smaller  one  at  each 
anteiior  nostril ;  nuchal  tentacles  approximate,  broad  and  fringed.  A 
very  small  internal  canine  is  present  on  each  side  of  the  mandible.  Mar- 
gin of  u[)per  lip  entire,  maxilla  reaching  slighflj'  beyond  the  hinder 
orbital  border. 


SOME   AUSTRALIAN   BLKNNIOm   FISHES McCULLfX'H   ANH   McNKII.L.  11 

Dorsal  fin  noi  iiotclied,  tliougli  the  last  spine  does  not  reach  its  niar- 
ofiu  ;  the  lengtli  of  the  spinous  portion  is  less  than  that  of  the  soft,  and  its 
margin  is  a  little  rounded.  Median  doisal  rajs  highest,  the  last  united 
with  the  basal  portion  of  the  caudal  by  membrane.  Anal  commencing 
below  the  jiosterior  doi'sal  spines  ;  its  anterior  rays  are  a  little  produced, 
and  the  succeeding  ones  are  subequal  in  length  ;  the  last  is  united  by 
membrane  to  the  caudal  peduncle.  Pectoral  rounded,  the  sixth  lowest 
ray  longest,  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  tenth  or  eleventh  dorsal  s[)ine. 
Ventrals  inserted  well  before  the  first  dorsal  spine,  the  inner  ray  longest, 
and  reaching  half  its  distance  fi'om  the  vent.  Caudal  slightly  rounded  or 
subtruncate. 

Colour  ntarkiiiij. — Light  brown  in  alcohol,  with  eight  broad  darker 
cross-bands,  which  are  distinct  in  the  young  and  indefinite  in  larger 
specimens;  thej'  may  enclose  lighter  spots  towards  the  ventral  surface. 
Anteriorly  the  body  is  ornamented  with  many  dark  brown  dots  towards 
the  back,  which  give  place  to  thin  undulating  lines  on  the  sides  ;  posteri- 
orly there  are  about  two  rows  of  rounded  blue  spots  on  the  upper  half  of 
the  side,  and  some  larger  brown  spots  on  the  caudal  peduncle.  Head  with 
brown  dots  above,  and  a  dark  mark  from  the  eye  to  the  mouth,  and  others 
across  the  preopercular  and  opercular  borders ;  a  broad  bluish  brown 
cross-band  covers  the  throat  and  is  separated  from  another  before  the 
ventrals  by  a  nai-row,  light  interspace  ;  these  may  be  indistinct,  particu- 
larly in  older  specimens.  Dorsal  fin  with  dark  blotches  basally,  which 
are  continuations  of  the  cross-bands  of  the  body  ;  each  of  these  divides 
into  two  broad,  darker  bands,  which  curve  upwards  and  forwards;  narrow 
dark  lines  cross  the  fin  in  the  opposite  direction  and  end  in  dark  spots 
near  the  margin  ;  on  the  spinous  dorsal  the  broader  bands  are  formed  of 
anastomosing  darker  lines,  which  enclose  light,  rounded  spots,  and 
form  a  characteristic  chequered  pattein  on  the  fin.  Anal  fin  dusky,  with 
some  dark  blotches  basallj-,  caudal  plain.  Pectorals  and  ventrals  light 
coloured,  with  well  defined  brown  spots  on  the  rays  ;  broad  brown  mark- 
ings enclosing  lighter  spots  are  present  on  the  base  of  the  pectoral. 

Described  from  two  specimens  81  and  125  mm.  long.  The  younger 
differs  from  the  older  specimen  only  in  having  its  markings  much  better 
defined,  which  is  characteristic  of  smaller  specimens  of  tliis  species. 

Variation. — A  good  series  of  specimens  exhibits  considerable  variation 
in  the  details  of  the  colour  marking,  and  in  the  relative  lengths  of  the 
fin  rays  and  spines.  The  anal  may  be  very  light  in  colour,  or  dark  grey, 
with  lighter  and  darker  spots.  The  caudal  is  either  plain  or  closely 
speckled  with  grey  dots,  or  with  larger  darker  spots.  In  very  small 
examples  the  darker  spots  and  lines  on  the  anterioi'  portion  of  the  body 
are  wanting.  The  junction  of  the  spinous  and  soft  portions  of  the  dorsal 
is  indicated  by  a  very  slight  emargination  in  some  specimens,  and  the 
anterior  anal  rays  may  be  either  greatly  produced  or  of  equal  length  to 
the  others.  Finally,  the  tentacles  of  very  young  specimens  are  less 
branched  than  in  older  examples. 

Synonymy. — The  identity  of  S.  h')ienhttns,  Alleyue  and  Macleay,  with 
S.  fascial  us,  has  already  been  noted  by  Ogilbj^,  and  aii  examination  of  the 
holotype  proves  his  conclusion  to  be  correct.  The  holotypes  of  S.  pauper, 
de   Vis,  and    >S.   suhUneatus,  de   Vis,   are    completely    bleached,    but   are 


12  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

identical  with  S.  fnsciatus  in  all  structural  details.  Two  cotypes  of  S. 
griseus,  de  Vis,  retain  some  of  the  blue  spots  on  the  hindei'  portion  of  the 
body,  while  the  pectorals,  ventrals,  and  caudal  show  vestiges  of  their 
colour  marking;  they  likewise  are  identical  with  S.  fasclafxs.  The 
holotype  of  S.  furms  is  badly  stuffed,  and  retains  but  few  of  its  distinguish- 
ing chai-acters,  but  agrees  with  S'.  fdKciatiis  in  all  that  remain. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  J.  Douglas  Ogilby  for  much  assistance  in  the 
compilation  of  the  above  synonymy,  and  for  valuable  notes  on  variation, 
etc.  He  also  enabled  us  to  examine  the  types  of  >S'.  griseus,  S.  sublinentus 
and  S.  paujjer,  while  that  of  S.  fur  ens  was  seen  b}-^  the  senior  author  at  an 
earlier  date. 

Locs. — We  have  examined  Australian  specimens  fi'om  the  following 
localities: — Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait;  coll.  Hedley  and  McCullocli. 
Darnley  Island,  Torres  Strait  ;  holotype  of  S.  li)ieoh(tiis.  Cape  Grenville, 
Queensland;  coll.  "  Chevert  "  Expedition.  Two  Isles,  off  Cape  Bedford, 
Queensland;  coll.  Hedley  and  Briggs.  Dunk  Island,  Queensland;  coll.  E. 
J.  Banfield.  Cardwell,  Queensland  ;  holotypes  of  (S*.  pauper  a,xid  S.  siib- 
lineatns.     Masthead  Island,  Queensland;   coll.  A.  R.  McCulloch. 

S.  ftisciatus  ranges  fi-nm  the  Red  Sea  and  east  coast  of  Africa  to  the 
Pacific,  reaching  Samoa  and  Tonga. 

SaI;Arias  fuscus,  L'iippell. 

S al arias  fuffcuf!,  Riippell,  Neue  Wirbelth.,  Fische,  1835,  p.  135,  pi.  xxxii., 
fig.  2.  Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  245.  hi, 
Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  330,  pi.  Ixx.,  fig.  2,  and  Supplement,  1888, 
p.  797.  Id.,  Giinther,  Fische  Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  202,  pi.  cxvi.,  fig. 
c.     Id.,  Weber,  "  Siboga  "  Exped.,  Fische,  1913,  p.  530. 

Salarias  rnficavdiis,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xi.,  1836, 
p.  328. 

Salarias  phuiosoma,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijdschr.  Ned.  Ind.,  viii.,  1855,   p.    317. 

Salarias  holomelas,  Giinther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.   Hist.    (4),   x.,  1872,   p.   399. 
Id.,  Jordan  and  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bur.,  xxv.  1906,  p.  431. 
Specimens  from  Queeiisland  do  not  differ  from  one  received  from  Dr. 

Francis  Day,  which  was  collected  at  Sind,  India.     Jordan  and  Seale  have 

suggested    that    the    black    colour    of    tlie    caudal     fin     distinguishes    S. 

hulonielas  from    S.    fiiscns,    but    the    Queensland    examples   include    both 

forms,  and  thereby  indicate  that  this  charactei'  is  not  of  specific  value. 

Though    this   ,s{)ecies    is   described    as   without  canines,  a  very  small 

internal  tooth  is  present  on  each  side  of  the  mandible. 

Locs. — Murray  Island,  Torres    Strait;    coll.   Hedley  and  McCulloch. 

Masthead  Island,  off  Port  Curtis,   Queensland  ;  coll.    Dene   B.  Fry,  1910. 

Sind,  India;   Dr.  Day's  Collection.      Fiiendly  Islands  and  New  Hebrides, 

South  Pacific. 

Salarias  spaldinci,  Macleay. 
(Plate  iii.,  fig.  1.) 

Salarias  spahliugi,    Maclea}',    Proc.   Linn.   Soc.    N.S.Wales,   ii.,   1878,   p. 

359,  pi.  ix.,  fig.  4,  and  Loc.  cit.,  vi.,  1881,  p.  12. 
S(d((ri(is  pniictlllatus,  Klun/ingei',  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wieii,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879, 

p.  389.     Id.  Macleay,  Proc.  Liuu.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  37. 


Some  aT'STRAT.JAN   RLENNliUn   fisher McCUt,t,nCH   ANI»   McNElI.L.  13 

D.  xii/19  ;  A.  ii/20;  P.  14 ;  V.  2  ;  C.  13.  Depth  equal  to  the 
leiigtli  of  the  head,  and  nearly  5  in  the  lenj^th  to  the  hypuial  joint.  Eye 
3.1  in  the  head.  Last  dorsal  spine  l!,  sixth  dorsal  ray  1.1,  and  the  fifth 
last  anal  ray  1.5  in  the  head. 

Head  about  as  hig'h  as  long',  with  the  forehead  subvertical.  Eyes 
close  to  the  upper  anterior  profile,  se[)arated  by  a  narrow  concave  inter- 
orbital  space.  A  crest  is  present  on  the  occiput.  Nasal,  ocular  and 
nuchal  tentacles  present,  all  short  and  simple.  A  single  I'ow  of  fine  teeth 
in  each  jaw,  and  a  stout,  curved,  internal  canine  is  j)resent  on  each  side 
of  the  mandible. 

Dorsal  fiu  not  notched,  but  the  spinous  portion  lower  than  the  soft. 
The  s{)ines  increase  slightly  in  length  backwards,  and  the  base  of  the 
spinous  porticui  of  the  fin  is  shorter  than  that  of  the  soft  dorsal.  The 
rays  are  subequal  in  height,  and  the  last  is  joined  to  the  base  of  the  caudal 
by  membrane.  Anterior  anal  I'ays  a  little  produced,  filamentous  ;  the 
others  subequal,  and  the  last  united  to  the  caudal  peduncle  by  membrane. 
Pectoral  obtusely  pointed,  fifth  lowest  ray  longest,  but  not  reaching  the 
vertical  of  the  vent.  Inner  ventral  ray  longest,  reaching  almost  half  its 
distance  from  the  vent.  Caudal  a  little  rounded,  most  of  its  rays 
bifurcate. 

Coluur  iiiarkiny. — Light  greyish  bi'ovvn  after  long  preservation  in 
alcohol,  with  eight  broad  br<)wn  cross-bands  which  are  much  broken  up 
by  ligliter  spots  anteriorly.  Base  of  pectoral  and  breast  with  broad 
brown  markings  enclosing  lighter  spots.  Head  mottled  with  rounded 
lighter  spots  and  brown  markings,  which  extend  across  the  throat. 
Small  blue  ocelli  are  present  on  the  up[)er  portion  of  the  dark  cross-bands 
posteriorl3^  Dorsal  fin  with  dark  blotches,  wliich  are  continuations  of 
the  cross-bands  of  the  body  ;  these  curve  forwai'd  and  tend  to  form  two 
horizontal  bands  on  the  outer  half  of  the  spinous  dorsal.  Anal  dusky, 
darker  iowards  its  niaigin  ;  Ihe  other  fins  plain,  the  caudal  with  two 
dark  basal  blotches. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  cotype  preserved  in  the  Macleay 
Museum,  76  mm.  long.  Twelve  others,  34-84  mm.  long,  do  not  exhibit 
any  marked  variation,  though  the  cross-bands  are  more  distinct  in  some 
than  in  others. 

Siiiininjviy. — Kluiizinger  suggested  the  identity  of  his  N.  pmictillatus 
with  »S'.  f^piddiiuji,  but  Macleay  believed  the  two  to  be  distinct.  Klunzin- 
ger's  desciiption  agrees  with  Macleay's  specimens  quite  well  in  all 
structural  details,  and  the  slight  differences  in  the  colour  marking  is 
evidently  due  to  variation. 

Loc. — Port  Darwin,  Northern   Territory. 

Salakias  irroratus,  AUt'ijue  and  Macleay. 

(Plate    iii.,    fig.  2.) 

Salarias  irrui-atus,  Alleyne  and  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i., 
1877,  p.  337,  pi.  xili.,  fix.  4.  Id.,  Macleay,  Loc.  cit.,  vi.,  1881,  p.  12. 
Id.,  Ogilby,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  i.,  1912,  p.  60. 

Salarias  calviis   de  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  697. 


14  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAX  MUSEUM. 

D.  xii/17;  A.  19;  p.  14;  V.  2  ;  C.13.  Depth  4.7  iu  the  lengtli  to 
the  hypural  joint;  head  5  in  the  same.  Eye  3.2  iu  the  head.  Median 
dorsal  spines  2.3,  and  median  dursal  rays  1.4  in  the  head.  Third  anal 
ray  0.2  longer  than  the  head. 

Orbit  forming  the  anterior  profile  of  the  head,  and  projecting  beyond 
the  jaws.  A  very  low  obtuse  ridge  on  the  occiput  and  nape.  Maxillary 
reaching  beyond  the  vertical  of  the  hinder  margin  of  the  eye.  A  single 
row  of  fine  teeth  in  each  jaw,  and  a  small  incurved  internal  canine  on 
each  side  of  the  mandible.  Head  with  series  of  simple  pores  around 
the  eyes,  across  the  nape,  around  the  preoperculum,  and  on  each  side  of 
the  mandible.  A  simple  tentacle  behind  tlie  anterior  nostril  and  another 
surmounting  the  eye,  while  a  shorter  broader  one  is  present  on  each 
side  of  the  neck. 

Dorsal  fin  originating  above  the  operculum,  distinctly  notclied,  the 
spinous  portion  a  little  shorter  than  the  soft;  the  spines  increase  in  height 
towards  the  middle,  but  the  longest  is  not  so  high  as  the  rays,  and  the 
last  is  much  shorter  than  the  penultimate.  Soft  dorsal  a  little  rounded, 
median  rays  longest,  and  the  last  united  by  membrane  to  the  extreme 
base  of  the  caudal.  Anal  ray  somewhat  produced  and  filiform  anteriorly, 
the  third  the  longest,  the  others  decreasing  backwards ;  the  last  is 
connected  by  membrane  to  the  peduncle.  Pectoral  rounded,  and  formed 
wholly  of  simple  rays,  the  sixth  lowest  being  the  longest.  Ventrals  of 
two  simple  rays,  inserted  before  the  pectorals,  but  behind  the  vertical  of 
the  dorsal  origin  ;  the  inner  is  the  longer,  and  reaches  about  half  its  dis- 
tance from  the  vent.     Caudal  rounded,  its  inner  rays  bifurcate. 

Colour  marlchig. — Brown  in  alcohol,  closely  mottled  on  the  anterior 
half  with  white  spots  and  reticulating  lines.  Head  brown,  with  wliite 
stellate  dots,  which  are  largest  on  the  throat,  where  they  combine  to  form 
streaks.  Two  large  bi'own  (blue)  spots  are  present  on  the  throat.  A 
dark  streak  defines  the  preoperculum.  Base  of  the  pectoi'al  and  breast 
with  three  large  white  spots  on  each  side  enclosed  in  brown  lines.  Body 
closely  covered  with  wliite  spots,  which  are  largest  on  tlie  sides  of  the 
abdomen,  and  there  are  about  four  broad  brown  bands  anteriorly  ;  on  the 
posterior  half  of  the  trunk  the  marking  gives  place  to  bz'ownish  dots, 
which  are  enlarged  above  the  anal  fin,  and  are  arianged  in  groups  along 
the  base  of  tlie  dorsal.  Spinous  dorsal  with  a  few  darker  dots,  the'  rest 
of  the  fin  almost  hyaline.  Caudal  with  irregular  rows  of  dark  dots  cross- 
ing its  lower  half.  Anal  with  a  gre}'  dot  at  the  base  of  each  ray,  and  a 
broad  submarginal  darker  band  of  micioscopic  dots. 

The  above  description  is  based  upon  the  holotype  of  the  species, 
63  mm.  long,  in  the  Macleay  i^luseum.  It  is  not  so  well  preserved  as  a 
cotype  of  (b'.  calvus  in  the  Australian  Museum,  which  has,  therefore,  been 
used  t(j  supplement  the  description  of  the  colour  marking.  The 
accompying  figure  is  based  on  de  Vis'  specimen. 

AUeyne  and  Macleay  counted  the  numbei'  of  fin-rays  incorrectly  in 
their  only  specimen,  and  they  overlooked  the  small  internal  mandibular 
canines.  The  cotype  of  N.  calvus  tliffeis  I'l-om  its  brief  description  in 
having  nasal,  ocular  and  nuchal  tentacles,  and  internal  mandibular  canines. 
A  critical  comparison  of  these  two  specimens  leaves^  no  doubt  that  they 
represent  the  same  species. 


SOME  Ai;.sTRALIAN    HLENNKlIli   KISUKS McCUl.LOCH  AN\>   McNEIIJ,.  15 

\'((riah'oii.. — The  occipital  lidge  is  not  always  developed,  and  is 
generally  absent  in  smaller  specimens.  The  anterior  anal  rays  are  pro- 
duced in  most  larger  spe(nmens,  but  tliey  may  be  shorter  than  the  suc- 
ceeding ones,  as  in  the  holotype  of  (b'.  calvus.  Specimens  preserved  in 
formaline  do  not  show  the  white  stellate  markings  which  form  such  a 
striking  feature  in  the  alcohol  examples,  their  markings  consisting  princi- 
pally of  darker  spots  arranged  in  the  manner  illustrated. 

Locs Low  Island,  Torres   Strait;   holotype  of  S.  irrdrafnt!.      Muri'ay 

Island,  Torres  Strait;  cotype  of  S.  calnn^.  ^Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait; 
coll.  Hedley  and  McCnIloch.  Two  Isles,  near  Cape  Bedford,  Queensland  ; 
coll.  Hedley  and  Briggs.     New  Hebrides,  South  Pacific. 

Salarias  rivulatus,  RiqipeU. 
(Plate  iii.,  tigs.  3-4.) 

Stihirius    rivuJatns,  Riippell,  Atlas  Reise  Nordl.  Afrika,  1828,  p.   114  and 

Neue   Wirbelth.,    Fische,    1835,    pp.    134-135,  pi.  xxxii.,  fig.  1.     Id., 

Jordan  and  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bur.,  xxv.,  1906,  p.  429. 
Sal<(rias  quadricoruis,   Cuvier  and    Valenciennes,    Hist.    Nat.   Poiss.,   xi., 

1836,   p.  329,  pi.  cccxxix.     Id.,  Day,  Fish.  India,   1876,  p.  331,  pi. 

ixx.,  fig.  4  (references). 

D.  xiii/19-20;  A.  ii/21-22;  P.  14;  V.3;  C.13.  Depth  at  the  vent 
4.8  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  4.1-4.2  in  the  same.  Eye 
4.1-4.4  in  the  head.  Second  dorsal  spine  1.7-1.8,  median  dosal  rays 
1.3-1.4,  longest  anal  ray  1.7-1.8  in  the  head. 

Head  much  longer  than  high,  the  forehead  subvertical.  Eye 
separated  by  a  very  narrow  interorbital  space.  Occipital  crest  present 
in  one  sex,  wanting  in  the  other.  A  small  branched  tentacle  at  the  an- 
terior nostril,  a  larger  simple  one  above  the  eye,  and  a  simple  one  on  each 
side  of  the  neck.  No  mandibular  canines.  Margin  of  the  u[)per  lip 
entire  ;  maxilla  reaching  behind  the  vertical  of  the  eye. 

Dorsal  fin  deeply  notched,  commencing  above  the  operculum  ;  the 
spinous  portion  is  much  shorter  than  the  soft.  Median  dorsal  rays  longest, 
the  last  united  with  the  base  of  the  caudal  fin.  Anal  commencing  be- 
neath the  posterior  dorsal  spines  and  increasing  in  height  backwards,  the 
last  ray  not  united  to  the  caudal  peduncle  by  membrane.  Pectoral 
rounded,  the  fifth  or  sixth  lowest  ray  longest,  and  reaching  to  below  the 
tenth  or  eleventh  dorsal  spine.  Median  ventral  ray  longest,  reaching  less 
than  half  its  distance  from  the  vent;  the  inner  ray  is  slender,  and  closely 
ad  pressed  to  the  second.      Caudal  slightly  rounded. 

Culoar  iiiarl-uiy — Male : — Dark  grey  in  alcohol,  with  about  six 
paired  darker  cross-bands,  which  are  piost  distinct  towards  the  middle  of 
the  body ;  intermediate  izregular  markings  are  also  present.  A  dark 
stripe  extends  from  the  eye  across  the  mouth  on  each  side,  and  a  blackish 
spot  is  present  behind  the  eye.  First  dorsal  with  about  five  broad,  dark 
bands  disposed  nn)re  or  less  horizontally,  the  basal  ones  broader  thati 
those  towards  the  margin.  Second  dorsal  with  oblique  dusky  bands, 
separated  by  narrow  light,  bands;  these  form  darker  spots  on  the  rays, 
and  combine  to  form  a  dusky  margin  to  the  fin.  Anal  dusky,  with  narrow, 
longitudinal,  light  sti'ipes.  Caudal  and  pectoral  almost  plain,  the  lattei' 
with   some  indefinite  cross-bars.     Female: — Light  grey  in  alcohol,  with 


16  RECORDS  OK  THE  ADSTI;AT,IA>'  MUSEUM. 

well  defined,  paired  cross-bauds,  Avhicli  are  of  irregular  form  and  much 
interrupted  by  intermediate  markings  ;  the  posteriur  half  with  roauiled, 
daik  spots.  Head  markings  similar  to  those  of  the  male.  Dorsal  fins 
closely  covered  with  dark  spots,  which  tend  to  form  horizontal  rows  on 
the  spinous  portion,  and  oblique  ones  on  the  soft.  Anal  with  dark  spots 
in  longitudinal  rows.  Caudal  and  pectorals  almost  plain,  the  former 
with  some  dark  spots  basally. 

Described  and  figured  from  two  specimens  114-120  mm.  lon^-,  from 
Masthead  Island.  Though  differing  in  the  colour  marking,  they  are 
evidently  sexual  forms  of  the  same  species,  since  Ave  find  the  same 
characters  in  series  of  specimens  from  several  localities.  Those  in  which 
the  fins  are  spotted  lack  the  occipital  crest,  while  specimens  in  which  it 
is  present  have  the  fins  striped  ;  smaller  specin)ens  exhibit  charactei's 
which  are  intermediate  between  the  two  adult  forms. 

Lacs. — Masthead  Island,  off"  Port  Curtis,  Queensland  (figured  speci- 
mens) ;  coll.  A.  R.  McCulloch.  Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait;  coll. 
Hedley  and  McCulloch.  Lord  Howe  Island,  New  Hebrides,  Sanma  and 
Funafuti. 

Salarias  mulleri,  KluiiziiKjer. 

Salaridn  mulleri,  Klunzinger,  Sitzb.  Akad.  AViss.  Wien,  Ix.vx.,  1879,  p.  ^^SS. 

Id.,  Weber,  "  Siboga  "  Exped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  535. 

The  specimens  on  which  this  species  was  based  were  said  to  have  been 
obtained  in  Hobson's  Bay,  Victoria,  but  no  species  of  the  genus  is  known 
to  occur  so  far  south.  Specimens  from  the  indo-Australian  Archipelago 
have  been  identified  by  Webei'  as  li.  iindleri.  The  species  is  unknown  to 
us. 

Salarias  .meleacris,  C'uvier  and  Valenciennes. 

Sahirids  ineleaijrit!,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xi.,  1836, 

p.  332.      Ld.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.   Cat.    Fish.,   iii.,    ISGl,   p.   256  and 

i'ische    Siidsee,    vi.,    1877,   p.  208.     Id.,  Steindachner,   Sitzb.  Akad. 

Wiss.   Wien,   Ivi.    i.,     1867,   p.   316.      Id.,  Giinther,  Ann.   Mag.  Nat. 

Hist.    (3),   XX.,   1867,   p.    62.      Id.,    Klunzinger,    Sitzb.    Akad.    Wiss. 

Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,   p.   388.       Id.,   Macleay,   Proc.   Linn.   Soc.   N.S. 

Wales,  vi.,  1881,  pp.  11  and  13. 
Sidiiriut^  biserliitns,  Allej^ne  and  ISIacleay,  Proc.    Linn.    Soc.    N.S.Wales,  i., 

1877,  p.  336  (not  S.  biseri(itn.<!,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes.) 

D.  xii-xiii/19-20;  A.  i-ii/19-20;  P.  14;  V.  3  ;  C.  13.  Depth  4.6-5.4 
in  the  length  to  the  hypui-al  joint;  head  4.4-4.8  in  the  same.  P]ye 
3.09-4.2  in  tlie  head.  Third  dorsal  spine  1.9-2,  thirteenth  dorsal  ray 
1.3-1.7,  seventeenth  anal  I'ay  1.6-2.1  in  the  head. 

Head  longer  than  high,  with  the  forehead  subvertical.  Eyes 
separated  by  a  very  narrow  concave  interorbital  space.  Occipital  crest 
present  or  absent.  A  large  oculai'  tentacle,  which  is  fi-inged  on  both  sides  ; 
nasal  tentacle  palmate  ;  a  simple  nuchal  tentacle  present  or  absent, 
occasionally  developed  on  one  side  only.  No  mandibular  canine.  Upper 
lip  with  a  crenulate  margin.     Maxillai-y  reaching  well  beN'ond  the  eye. 

Doi'sal  fin  deeply  not(-hed,  the  second  or  thiid  spine  highest,  but 
mucli  lower  than  the  rays;  the  length  of  the  spinous  poi-tion  is  a  little 
shorter  than   that  of  the  soft.      Dorsal  rays  increasing  slightly  in  length 


SOME   AntiTKAMAN    lil.KNNIOlD   FISUKS MLrrl.I.OCH  AND   McNEILI,.  17 

to  about  the  liiiider  fourtli  of  the  fin,  tlie  last  nuitecl  t,o  tlie  caudal 
peduncle,  but  tbe  nieniljrane  does  not  reach  tlie  rays.  Anal  comniencinj,'- 
beneath  or  in  advance  of  the  incision  of  the  dorsal  ;  its  rays  inciease  in 
len<^tli  towards  tlie  hinder  [)art  of  the  tin,  and  the  last  is  not  joined  to  the 
caudal  peduncle  by  membrane.  Pectoral  obtusely  pointed,  sixth  lowest 
ray  loiif^est,  and  i-eaching  to  below  the  ninth  doisal  spine.  Ventral  with 
two  thick  and  one  slender  inuer  ray,  the  median  the  lougest,  and  extend- 
ing backwards  a  little  more  than  one  thii'd  oi  its  distance  from  the  vent. 
Caudal  slightly  rounded  oi-  subtruncate. 

Colour  ))iurhi)i<j. — Brown  in  alcohol,  with  about  seven  more  or  less 
distinct  darker  cross-bands;  these  are  very  angulai',  and  are  defined 
on  the  back  by  paired  blackish  spots.  Sides  with  irregular  rows  of  silveiy 
ocelli,  which  are  most  distinct  towards  the  tail.  Head  with  small  light 
ocelli,  and  some  darker  markings  on  the  throat,  which  may  be  indistinct  ; 
a  bluish  black  spot  behind  the  eye.  First  dorsal  with  about  five  bioad, 
daik  bars  running  uf) wards  and  backwards.  Second  dorsal  with  oblique 
dark  stiipes,  separated  by  narrow  light  lines,  which  tend  to  break  up 
into  spots  towards  the  margin.  Anal  with  two  or  more  rows  of  light 
spots  tending  to  form  horizontal  stripes,  or  closely  speckled  with  light 
dots  ;  the  margin  may  be  dark  or  light-edged.  Caudal  nearly  plain  in 
specimens,  without  ci^ests,  closely  dotted  and  streaked  with  light  mark- 
ings between  the  rays  in  those  in  which  it  is  present.  Pectorals  plain,  ur 
with  one  or  two  broad  cross-bands  near  the  base. 

The  above  definition  is  based  on  eleven  specimens,  46-124  mm.  long, 
which  were  taken  together  at  Eagle  Island,  Northern  Queensland.  They 
agree  very  well  with  the  original  description  of  the  species  and  also  with 
Giinther's  figure  of  a  Cape  York  specimen  in  "  Fische  Siidsee,"  though 
the  latter  illustrates  the  last  dorsal  ray  as  wholl}'  free  from  the  caudal 
peduncle.  A  large  number  secured  at  the  same  time  exhibit  some  little 
variation  in  the  intensity  and  exact  form  of  their  colour  marking,  which, 
however,  is  essentially  as  described  above. 

Variation. — A  single  example  from  Masthead  Island  is  remai'kable 
for  its  dark  colouration,  which  almost  hides  its  characteristic  markings. 
It  is  greyish  brown  in  alcohol,  with  only  obscure  traces  of  the  darker 
cross-bands  ;  the  whole  body  is  flecked  with  blackish  pencillings,  thi'ongh 
which  the  light  ocelli  aie  but  little  apparent.  First  dorsal  nearly  uniform 
brown,  with  oblique  light  lines  posteriorly.  Second  dorsal  brown,  with 
narrow,  interrupted,  oblique,  light  lines.  Anal  with  several  rows  of  light 
spots,  caudal  with  light  lines  and  spots  between  the  rays. 

Locs. — Eagle  Island  and  Two  Isles,  Northern  Queensland  ;  coll. 
Hedley  and  Briggs.  Rat  Island,  Port  Curtis,  and  Masthead  Island, 
Queensland;  coll.  A.  R.  McCulloch.  Caloundra,  Southern  Queensland. 
Port  Dai-win,  Northern  Territory  ;  cull.  H.  W.  Christie. 

This  species  was  said  to  have  been  originally  obtained  by  Peron  in 
Tasmania,  but  no  species  of  the  genus  occurs  so  far  south.  Johnston^ 
noted  that  it  was  common  in  Tasmanian  wateis,  but  his  refeience  doubt- 
less applied  to  Blemiius  tas)na)iiainis. 

1  Johnston— Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Tasm.,  1882  (1883),  p.  121. 


18  RECORDS  OK  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MDSEDM. 

Salakias   LiNEATUS,   Giivier  uitd   ValenrJouies. 
(Plate  iv.,   fig.  1.) 

SaJariag  liveutus,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,   Hist.   Nat.   Poiss.,   xi.,    1836, 

p.    31-i.      Id.,    Bleekei',    Verli.    Bat.    Genootsch.,    xxii.,    1849,    Blenn. 

Gobioid,   p.    18.      Id.,   Giinther,   Brit.    Mus.   Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,   1861,   p. 

254.     Id.,  Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  382,  pi.  Ixx.,  fig.  8."     Id.,  Jordan 

and  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bar.,  xxv.,  1906,  p.   426. 

D.  xiii/23  ;  A.  ii/24  ;  P.  14  ;  V.  2  ;  C.  13.  Depth  6  in  the  length  to 
the  hypural  joint;  head  5  in  the  same.  Bye  4.2  in  tlie  head.  Fonrth 
dorsal  spine  1.1,  seventeenth  dorsal  ray  1.2,  third  last  anal  ray  1.5  in  the 
head. 

Head  longer  than  high,  the  forehead  subvertical  ;  a  high  occipital 
crest  present  in  one  sex,  wanting  in  the  other.  A  bi'oad  palmate  tentacle 
above  the  eye,  and  a  shorter  one  at  the  anterior  nostril  ;  no  nuchal 
tentacle.  Mouth  reaching  well  beyond  the  vertical  of  the  hinder  orbital 
margin.     A  single  row  of  teeth  in  each  jaw  ;    no  canines. 

Dorsal  fin  deeply  notched,  commencing  above  the  hinder  part  of  the 
operculum,  the  spinous  portion  much  shorter  tlian  the  soft  ;  the  spines 
are  subequal  in  length  in  the  anterior  and  median  portions  of  the  fin, 
shorter  posteriorl3^  Dorsal  rays  increasing  slightly  in  length  towards  the 
posterior  portion  of  the  fin,  the  last  joined  by  membrane  to  the  base  of 
tlie  caudal.  Anal  rays  increasing  a  little  in  length  backwards,  the  last 
not  joined  by  membrane  to  the  peduncle.  Pectoral  a  little  pointed,  formed 
of  simple  rays,  the  fifth  lowest  the  longest  and  not  nearly  reacliing  the 
vertical  of  the  vent.  Inner  ventral  ray  longest,  reaching  backward  more 
than  one-third  its  distance  from  the  vent.  Caudal  rounded,  the  inner 
rays  bifurcate. 

Colour  iii((fL-iii(/. — Light  bi'own  in  alcohol,  with  thin  darker  longitu- 
dinal lines  extending  along  the  sides  ;  about  six  pairs  of  blackish  spots  on 
the  back,  descending  obliquely  forward.  Head  with  vertical  wavy  lines. 
Doi'sal  fins  with  oblique  darker  lines,  which  on  the  soft  portion  form  a 
submargiual  series  of  zig-zag  lines  ;  the  outer  portion  of  both  fins  greyish. 
The  other  fins  plain,  the  aual  with  a  somewhat  darker  margin. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  103  mm.  long,  from  the  New 
Hebrides,  which  is  appaieiitly  a  male.  Others  taken  with  it  and  supposed 
to  be  females  differ  in  lacking  the  occipital  crest,  while  the  second  dorsal 
has  no  submai-ginal  baud  of  zig-zag  lines.  These  differ  from  an  Indian 
specimen  only  in  having  the  lines  on  the  side  of  the  body  narrower. 

Lues. — Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait ;  coll.  C.  Hedley  and  A.  R. 
]\IcCulloch.  Andaman  Islands  ;  Dr.  Francis  Day's  Collection.  New 
Hebrides  ;  coll.  Cummins  and  Stevens. 

Salakias  dussumikri,   Cnvirr  'oxJ   Wiloiciemies. 
(Plate  iv.,  fig.  2.) 
/S'"/" '■'".•'■  (hissiniiirri,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xi.,  1836, 
p.  310.      /'/.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,   p.   251.      Id., 
Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  333,  pi.  Ixx.,  fig.  7. 
S(-di(n'((s  iniriden>;,   Alleyne  and    Maclea}',   Proc.   Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i., 
1877,  p.  338,  pi.  xiv,,  fig.  2.      Id.,  Macleay,  Loc.  elf.,  vi.,  1881,  p.  12. 
S'dan'as  churerU,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  vi.,  1881,  p.   12. 


SOME   ArSTIULlAN    ni.KNNiniD   FISHKR McCDLLOCH   AND   McNEII-I,.  19 

D.  xiii/21  ;  A.  i/22  ;  r.  14  ;  V.  2  ;  C.  13.  Depth  5  in  the  length  to 
the  hypuial  joint ;  head  5  in  the  same.  Eje  8.5  in  tlie  head;  interorbital 
space  -i  in  the  eye.  Median  dorsal  sf)ines  2,  median  dunsal  lays  1.5, 
posterior  anal  rays  2  in  the  head. 

Head  longei-  than  liigh,  with  a  snbvertical  ft)rehead  ;  no  occipital 
crest.  A  huge  arborescent  ocular  tentacle,  and  a  small  one  at  each  anterior 
nostril  ;  no  nuchal  tentacle.  Mouth  reaching  well  beyond  the  vertical  of 
the  hinder  orbital  margin.  Teetli  very  small,  in  a  single  low  in  each  jaw  ; 
no  canines  present  in  either. 

Dorsal  tin  deeply  notched,  commencing  above  the  p(jsterior  part  of 
tlie  operculum,  the  spinous  portion  a  little  shorter  than  the  soft  ;  the 
median  spines  are  the  longest,  and  the  margin  of  the  fin  is  slightly 
rounded.  Dorsal  rays  siibequal,  highest  in  the  middle  of  the  fin,  and 
longer  than  the  spines  ;  the  last  is  joined  by  membrane  to  the  extreme 
base  of  the  caudal.  Anal  rays  increasing  in  length  slightly  backwards, 
the  last  not  united  to  the  peduncle  by  membrane.  Pecto)al  obtusely 
pointed,  the  fifth  lowest  ray  the  longest  and  not  quite  reaching  the  verti- 
cal of  the  vent.  Inner  ventral  ray  longest,  reaching  less  than  half  its  dis- 
tance from  the  vent.     Caudal  rounded,  the  inner  rays  bifurcate. 

i'ulonr  iiiarkiinj. — General  colour,  dark  brown  in  alcohol,  lighter 
posteriorly,  with  some  obscure  darker  cross-bands  on  the  hinder  portion 
of  the  back,  and  dark  brown  spots  on  the  tail  region.  The  head  is  ob- 
scurely mottled  on  the  operculum  and  throat,  and  thi'ee  dark  bars  descend 
from  the  eyes  across  the  lips.  Dorsal  fins  with  rows  of  angular  dark 
brown  spots,  connected  by  lines,  and  together  forming  a  more  or  less  zig- 
zag pattern  which  runs  parallel  to  their  mai'gins  ;  soft  dorsal  with  oblique 
lines  on  its  basal  half.  Caudal  with  irregular  transverse  rows  of  dark 
spots  on  the  rays.  Pectoral  and  posterior  portion  of  anal  obscurely 
spotted,  the  latter  fin  with  an  indefinite  darker  submarginal  band. 

The  above  description  is  based  upon  the  holotype  of  S.  auri(h-ii!',  84 
mm.  long,  and  supplemented  with  notes  on  the  colour  marking  of  additional 
specimens  from  Murray  Island  which  agree  in  all  details  with  Alleyneand 
Macleay's  example.     One  of  the  latter,  94  mm.  long,  is  figured. 

Another  specimen  from  Two  Isles,  off  Cape  Bedford,  is  much  lighter 
in  colour  and  shows  the  transverse  body-bars  and  head  markings  much 
more  definitely  than  the  others. 

Synoiiyiii I/. — We  have  compared  these  specimens  with  an  example 
from  the  Andaman  Islands,  which  was  identified  by  Dr.  Day  as  N.  )his.</(- 
7nieri\  and  find  no  differences  between  them. 

S.  cheverti,  Macleay,  is  represented  in  the  Macleay  Museum  collection 
by  sevei'al  cotypes,  all  of  which  differ  from  the  very  imperfect  description 
of  that  species  in  having  more  numerous  spines  and  rays  in  the  dorsal  and 
anal  tins,  and  in  their  colouration.  But  tliey  are  clearly  labelled,  and  are 
evidently  the  specimens  upon  Avhich  the  species  is  based.  They  are 
covered  with  a  light  bluish  sediment,  but  wlien  this  is  removed  they  are 
found  to  have  the  same  colour  marking  as  the  holotype  of  ;S'.  unrideiis, 
to  which  they  ai-e  similar  in  all  details. 

Locs. — Darnley  Island,  Torres  Strait;  lu)lotype  of  /S'.  aurlileiis. 
Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait;  coll.  C.  Hedley  and  A.  R.  McCulloch.  Two 
Isles,  off  Cape  Bedford,  Queensland  ;  coll.  C.  Hedley  and  E.  A.  Briggs. 


20  RECORDS  OF  THK  ACSiK'ALIAN  MrsKfM. 

SaLAKIAS    (iKMIXATI'P,    AJhnjiie    ainJ    Murhinj. 

(Plate  iv.,  H<:.  :).) 

S'lhiriiis  gei)n'iu(ti(f:,  Alle^'ne  ami  Macleay,  Proc.  Liiii).   Sue.   N.S.Wales,  i., 

1877,  p.  336,  pi.  xiii.,  tig.  3. 
Salariiis  cri^ticeiis,  Alleyiie  and  Macleaj,  lhl<l.,  p.  338,  pi.  xiv.,  fig.  3. 

D.  xii/22;  A.  ii/23;  P.  14;  V.  3  ;  C.  13.  Depth  5.7  ill  the  length 
tu  the  hypural  joint;  head  5.2  in  the  same.  Eye  3.8  in  the  head  ;  iuter- 
orbital  space  ■i.2  in  the  eye.  Median  dor.sal  spines  1.6,  median  dorsal 
rays  1.2,  median  anal  rays  1.5  in  <he  head. 

Head  longer  than  hig!;,  with  a  subvertical  forehead.  OccijHtal  crest 
well  developed.  A  large  branched  ocular  tentacle  ;  nasal  tentacle 
minute,  feebly  bi-auched  ;  no  nuchal  tentacle.  Month  reaching  well  be- 
yond the  vertical  of  the  hinder  orbital  margin.  A  minute  internal  canine 
is  present  on  each  side  of  the  mandible. 

Dorsal  fin  deeply  notched,  commencing  above  the  hinder  poi-tiou  of 
the  operculum,  the  spinous  portion  much  shorter  than  the  soft.  The 
median  spines  are  slightly  longer  than  the  others,  but  are  lower  than  the 
rays.  Doi'sal  rays  subequal,  the  median  one  slightly  longer  than  the 
others,  the  last  united  to  the  base  of  the  caudal.  Median  anal  rays  long- 
est, the  last  not  connected  to  the  caudal  peduncle  by  membrane.  Pectoral 
obtusely  pointed,  the  Hftli  lowest  ray  longest,  and  reaching  tlie  vertical  of 
the  ninth  dorsal  spine.  Median  ventral  ray  longest,  reaching  less  than 
half  its  distance  from  the  vent  ;  the  inner  ray  slender  and  closely 
adpressed  to  the  second. 

Colunr  vKirl-iiiij. — Body  with  broad,  dark,  ])aircd  cr(>ss-bands,  which 
are  most  distinct  beneath  the  soft  dorsal.  On  the  back  there  are  corres- 
ponding paired,  blackish  spots,  with  light  interspaces  between  them.  To- 
wards the  caudal  peduncle  thex-e  are  some  indefinite  dark  spots.  Spinous 
dorsal  with  some  broad,  sinuous,  subhorizontal  dark  stripes.  Second  dorsal 
Avith  oblique  stripes,  sepai'ated  by  narrow  light  lines;  these  are  expanded 
and  darker  in  the  basal  portion  of  the  tin,  and  they  form  undulating  lines 
on  a  dark  submai'ginal  band;  extreme  margin  Avhite.  Caudal  with  a 
broad,  submarginal  band,  similar  to  that  of  the  second  dorsal.  Anal 
dusky,  darker  towards  its  margin. 

Described  fi-om  the  holotype  of  the  species,  101  mm.  lung:  it  is 
much  faded,  but  exhibits  most  of  the  characteristic  colour  mai'kiug 
described  above.  The  accompanying  figure  rejn'escnts  a  spccinu/n  107 
mm.  long  from  Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait. 

ViirlatloH. — The  \evy  small  canine  tooth  is  not  always  easily  detected 
in  this  species,  and  is  apparently  present  in  larger  examples  only,  but  is 
Avanting  in  those  of  smaller  size.  The  posterior  anal  ray  is  usually  free 
from  the  caudal  peduncle,  but  may  be  joined  to  it  by  membrane.  In 
eight  specimens  we  find  xiii/21-22  dorsal  rays,  and  i-ii/22-24  anal  rays  ; 
Macleay  wrongly  counted  tlic  number  of  doi-sal  and  anal  I'ays  in  the 
holotype. 

Si/ii'nni))! y. — The  liolof\|ie  of  ,s.  rc/.v/Zivyi.-;,  ')■[■  mm.  long,  is  much  dis- 
coloured, but  exhibits  distinct  markings  which  arc  similar  to  those  of  S. 
(jeminatus,  to  which  it  is  also  similar  in  all  structural  details. 


Pd.MK   AI'SII.'Al.tAN    lU.KXXKHIi    I'lSllKS McCri,l,(  if'll   AN'l"   .^rc  N'KI  [,l.. 


21 


Tliis  species  is  allied  to  N.  »/*7('((;///.'<',  hut  dift'cis  in  imviiip;  more 
iimiieriuis  dorsal  and  anal  rays,  and  in  lac-kins:  nnclinl  tentacles  ;  the  colour 
marking  also  is  different. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  S.  gemi'iiatiis  is  merely  the  male  I'dini  of 
(S.  ihti^sitnn'en'.  The  two  species  are  similar  in  all  structural  details,  and 
the  differences  in  the  colour  marking  are  m)t  more  pronounced  than  those 
we  find  in  the  sexual  forms  of  >S'.  rirnJatiis. 

Litcf. — Toi'res  Strait;  holotype  of  N.  iie)iiiiiiifii>).  Darnley  Island, 
Tori'es  Sti'ait ;  holotype  of  N.  crif^tiri'ii^.  Murray  Island,  ToriTS  Strait; 
coll.  Hedley  and  McCuUoch. 

Cl  KKM  PKC'TH;s    Su'dilixO)). 

('iniju'ctes,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist.  Classitic.  Fish.  Amph.  Rept.,  ii.,  1839, 
pp.  182,  275  (Snlitrii(>'  rdridhi.-nts^  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes),  ('irri- 
pectnx,  Id,  /?'/(/.,  p.  7!».  Itl,  Weber,  "  Siboga "  Kxped.,  h'ii.,  1918, 
p.  536. 
.'' I'Ja^tdliKs,  Jordan  and  Evermann,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bui-.,  xxiii.  i.,  l!H)5,  p. 
50;)  (Siihtn'its  hreris,  Kner). 

This  genus  includes  the  species  of  Siihiri(tt<  which  have  a  row  of  cirri 
crossing  the  neck  to  the  opercular  lobes,  and  the  upper  lip  fringed  with 
short  tentacles;  a  curved  internal  canine  is  present  on  each  side  of  the 
mandible.  In  addition  to  the  genotype,  S.  variolosus,  C.  and  V.,  this 
genus  includes  S.  variolatns,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes  (^^  S.  citvieri, 
(liinther),  N.  i^ebae,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes  and  S.  aJI>(H(2)iriilis,  Ogilby, 
Weber  regards  ExaJliax  as  synonymous  Avith  Cirrlpei'tes,  but  its  genotype. 
E.  hrecis,  Kner,  apparently  lacks  mandibular  canines. 

ClRRIl'KCTES    FILAMKNTUSUS,    AJh'ijiie    und    M^nrh'uy. 

Siddridd  iiJdDtevtosiis,  AUeyne  and  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soe.  N.S.Wales, 
i.,  1877,  p.  337,  pi.  xiv.,  fig.  1.      hi,  Macleay,  Ibid.,  vi.,   1881,  p.   12. 

N<(/<(/i'«o;  alboapicidi.'^,  Ogilbv,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  ii.,  1913,  p.  90  (not  of 
Ogilbv,  1899). 


Fig.  1. — Cir7-ipertes  jilavieittoxK.f,  Alleyne  aiid  Macleav.      TTolntypo,  70  mm. 
long,  from  Cape  York. 


22  RFCOKDS  or  THE  ArsTKAI.lAX  M^^;KrM. 

D.  xii/15;  A.  ii/16;  p.  15;  Y.  i/3 ;  C.  13.  Depth  3.1  in  the  length 
to  the  hvpural  joint;  head  3.6  in  the  same.  Eye  3.4  in  the  head;  intei'- 
orbital  space  about  4.5  in  the  eye.  First  dorsal  spine  0.4  longer  than  the 
head.      Tliird  dorsal  ray  1.2,  eighth  anal  ray  1.9  in  the  head. 

Head  rounded,  about  as  high  as  long.  'No  occipital  crest.  A  branched 
tentacle,  divided  into  several  tilaments,  is  present  at  each  anterior  nostril 
and  above  the  eyes;  a  i"ow  of  simple  tentacles  extends  from  the  nape  on 
each  side  towards  the  gill-opening,  but  is  slightly  interrupted  on  the 
median  line.  Upper  lip  fringed  with  obtuse  lobules.  A  single  row  of 
fine  teeth  in  each  jaw,  and  a  rather  large,  curved,  internal  canine  on  each 
side  of  the  mandible. 

Dorsal  fin  deeply  notched,  originating  above  the  operculum,  the 
spinous  a  little  longer  than  the  soft;  the  anterior  spines  are  filamentous 
and  decrease  backwai'ds,  but  the  penultimate  is  as  long  as  the  anterior 
rav,  and  as  long  as  the  postoi'bital  portion  of  the  head.  Dorsal  rays 
highest  in  the  anterior  portion  of  the  fin,  deci^easing  slightly  backwards, 
the  last  united  with  the  base  of  the  caudal.  Anal  spines  surmounted  by 
thickened,  globular,  and  fleshy  appendages;  the  rays  increasing  in  length 
ti)wai'ds  the  posterior  portion  of  the  fin,  the  last  not  united  with  the 
peduncle  by  membrane.  Pectoral  obtusely  pointed,  the  rays  simple,  the 
fifth  lowest  longest.  Median  ventral  ray  longest,  reaching  more  than  half 
its  distance  from  the  vent,  the  inner  ray  slender  and  closely  adpressed  to 
to  the  second.      Caudal  subtruncate,  the  inner  rays  bifurcate. 

Colour. — Uniform  brown  after  long  preservation.  Some  minute  light 
spots  behind  the  pectorals  are  possibly  the  remnants  of  colour  marking. 

Described  from  the  holotype  of  the  species  70  mm.  long,  which  proves 
its  original  description  to  be  inaccurate  in  several  important  details.  The 
dorsal  and  anal  rays  number  15  and  16  respectively,  instead  of  20  and  20. 
Large  curved  mandibular  canines  are  present,  but  are  difiicult  to  detect 
owing  to  the  shrivelled  condition  of  the  specimen.  Nasal  tentacles  are 
present  on  the  anterior  nostrils  only,  instead  of  on  every  nostril  as 
described.  Notwithstanding  these  discrepancies,  the  specimen  is  cleai'ly 
that  upon  which  the  name  was  based. 

This  species  is  very  similar  to,  and  possibly  identical  with  C.  van'olo- 
sns  (Cuvier  and  Valenciennes)  Giinther,  but  the  holotype  has  the  anterior 
dorsal  spines  longer  than  is  usual  in  that  species. 

Lnc. — Cape  York;  holotype.  Mr.  Ogilby  has  very  kindly  re-examined 
the  specimens  which  he  recoi'ded  from  Darn  ley  Island,  Torres  Sti^it,  as 
SiditriKs  alboapicalis,  and  infoi'ms  us  that  they  are  really  C  jilatueiitosiis. 

CiRRlPECTKS    ALBOAPICALIS,    Oqilhy. 

(Plate  iv.,  fig.  4.)     " 
Sdhirias   rtir/o/os/(s,    Ogilby,   Mem.   Austr.   Mus.,    ii.,    18S!),   p.  62    (not     N. 

vnridloaus,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 
Suliirid.i  albuitjiicidis,  Ogilby,   Proc.    Linn.  Soc.  N.S.W'aU's,  xxiii.,  18l>!»,  p. 

712.      I(J.,  Waite,  Rec.'Austr.  Mus.,  v.  3,  1904,  p.  224. 

This  species  has  been  considered  synonymous  with  S.  rariolusu'^ 
(Y  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes),  Giinther^  but  a  comparison  of  seventeen 
specimens  from  Ijord  Howe  Island,  with  six  of  (.'.  varialosiiti  from  flie  New- 
Hebrides,  shows  that  they  differ  consistently  iu  the  following  details  : 

a  <al  anther— Fische  Siidsee.  vi.,  1877,  p.  203,  pi.  cxvi.,  fig.  a. 


SOMK  AI'SII.'AI.IAX    ni.KNNMtlli    KISIIKS McCI'l.LOCll   ANH    Mc  \  Kl  I.I.  23 

D.  xi-xii/la-ld  ;    A.  ii/l(J-17.      KlevtMitli  doi'.siil  spine  sIku'Ici- ( li;iii  the  |)Ost- 
orbital  jxirtion  of  the  licnd  ;    iiicinhi-niit'  ot"  the    hist    ray   not  reaching 

the  caii(hvl  rays tdhinipirdHx. 

D.  xii/14-15;   A.  ii/lT).      Eleventh  dorsal  spine  as   h)ng  as  the  postoi-bital 
portion  of  the  head;  membi-ane  of  tlie  last  ray  united  with   the   base 

of  the  upper  caudal  ray variolos'its 

In  none  of  our  specimens  do  we  Hnd  T).  .\iii/19;  A.  21,  as  counted  by 
Ogilby,  whicli  counting  is  apparently  ineoi  reet. 

Locs. — Specimens  of  ('.  (inKnijiiculis  are  in  tlie  Australian  Museum 
from  Lord  Howe  Island  and  Kerraadec  Islands;  two  small  examples  from 
the  latter  locality  have  been  recoi'ded  by  Waite  as  S<iliiri((s  sp.^  The 
specimens  reciu-ded  as  this  species  fi'om  Darnley  Tsland,  'IVn-res  Strait,  by 
Ogilby,  prove  to  be  ('.  iilt(iiie)iti>.-<iis,  Alleyne  and  Macleay. 

I'k'I'i.'oscik'iks,  Bi'njpell. 
retruscirte^,  Riippell,  Atl.  Fische  Reise   Noixll.    Afrika.,    1S28,   p.    110   (P. 

viitratun,  Riippell). 

Sahtriaa  (leci'iiietis,  de  Vis'*-  is  apparently  a  species  of  J'etrnscirfef;.  It 
has  canines  in  both  jaws,  the  lower  being  very  large  and  received  into 
the  upper  jaw.  Dorsal  Hn  slightly  emai-ginate,  and  no  crest  or  tentacles 
on  the  bead. 

Salan'as  furr((ti(!<,  de  Vis^,  is  possibly  also  a  J'etroscirtes.  It  differs 
from  St(h(rl((s  in  having  the  caudal  fin  deeply  forked.  Doi'sal  fin  not 
notched;  no  occipital  crest  or  ocular  tentacles;  canines  present. 

Peti!Oscii;tes  vipek'tdens,  de  Vis. 
Salarids  vippriJeiis,  de  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N. S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  (i!)7. 
Cotypes  of  this  species  preserved  in  the  Australian  Museum,  prove  it 
to  be  a  I'etroseirfes. 

PeTROSCIRTES    lupus,    '/('    17s. 

S(iJi(n'as  Jiipus,  de  Vis,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  ii.,  1886,  p.  58. 

The  holotype  of  this  species  is  preserved  in  the  Queensland  Museum. 
It  has  lost  all  trace  of  its  colour  marking.  D.  30;  A.  20;  V.  2;  C.  11. 
It  is  a  species  of  Petroseirtex. 

AsPIDONTUS,    Qiioij   and    (uiiiiinrd. 
Aspidoiitii.«,  Quoy  and   Gaimard,  Voy.   "Astrolabe.",  iii.,  1834,  p.  710  (A. 
taeiiiatuK,  Quoy  and  Gaimard). 

ASPIDONTUS    MAR0UHR7R,    Oijilhl/. 

Agpidnntiis  marovhrfi'  (Ogilby),  McCulloch,  Austr.  Zool.,   i.4,    1917,   p.    92, 

pi.  X.,  fig.  1. 

Two  specimens,  40-42  mm.  long,  agree  well  with  the  holotype  of  the 
species  in  all  details,  but  have  the  colour  marking  of  the  dorsal  and  anal 
tins  darker  and  more  sharply  defined.  The  body  is  nearly  uniform  brown, 
with  traces  of  darker  ci-oss-bands. 

Locs. — New  Hebrides ;  coll.  Cummins  and  Stevens.  The  only  othei- 
specimen  hitherto  recorded  is  the  holotype,  which  was  washed  uj)  on 
Maroubra  Beach,  near  Svdnev. 


:*  Waite— Trans  N.Zeal.  Inst.,  xlii,  p.  380. 

■»  De  Vis— Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884.  p.  69-1. 

i  De  Vis— /6/ti.,  p.  696. 


24  EECORDP  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

Leimiioblennius,  Steiinl(ch)ier. 

LppiJohlennins,  Steindaclnier,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  1v.  i.,  1867,   p.   11 

L.  h(tpIoihtftj/liis,  Steindachner). 

Body  ratliei'  elongate,  covered  with  small  or  moderate  sized  scales, 
which  may  be  wholly  cycloid  or  lai'gely  ctenoid ;  lateral  line  curved  down- 
ward to  the  middle  of  the  body,  formed  of  simple  tubes  on  enlarged  scales. 
Head  naked,  eyes  large,  snout  conical,  with  an  oblique  profile.  A  broad 
patch  of  teeth  in  the  fi'ont  of  the  premaxillaries,  the  anterior  ones  largest, 
curved  and  subulate ;  mandible  with  similar  but  larger  teeth,  and  some 
curved  canines  or  subcaniniform  teeth  on  the  sides ;  a  narrow  curved  band 
of  teeth  across  the  vomer.  Dorsal  fin  commencing  on  the  neck,  with 
about  3/14-16  spines,  the  three  anterior  ones  separated  from  the  othei^s ; 
second  dorsal  witli  about  twelve  simple  rays.  Anal  long,  with  about  21-23 
rays.  Pectoral  well  developed,  with  thick  simple  rays  in  the  lower  half. 
Venti'als  jugular,  with  two  thick  and  one  slender  ray.  Caudal  rounded. 
Gill-membranes  forming  a  free  fold  across  the  isthmus,  with  six  bra)ich- 
iostegals;  pseudobranchiae  present. 

The  inclusion  of  Trijiten/ijliuii  marmoratimi,  Macleay,  in  this  genus 
necessitates  the  expansion  of  its  charactei'S  relating  to  tlie  squamation  and 
dentition.  The  scales  are  wholly  cycloid  in  L.  Implodartijlus  and  largely 
ctenoid  in  7'.  murmoratiu)/,  while  the  latter  species  has  larger  and  more 
numerous  teeth  than  the  genotype.  The  two  are  so  similar  in  all  major 
characters,  however,  that  they  ai-e  evidently  congeneric. 

a.  Scales  small,  cycloid.  Teeth  smaller,  the  lateral  premaxillary  ones  not  extending 
much  behind  the  level  of  the  median  patch  ;  small  caniniform  teeth  on  sides 

of  mandible haijlodartyJus. 

aa.  Scales  larger,  ctenoid  above,  cycloid  below.  Teetli  larger,  lateral  premaxillary 
ones  extending  well  ])pliind  the  level  of  the  median  patch  ;  mandible  with 
curved    canines  laterally dki nnoralus. 

IjEPIDORLEWI  US     11A1'I.()I>A('IV1,IS,    Sli'i  udiirlnifr. 

Lepidohleiiviiis  haplrxhtcfyhi^,  Steindachnei-,    Sitzh.    Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,    Iv. 

i.,   1867,  p.   12,  pl."i.,  tig.  2-3.      Id.,  (liinther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 

(3),   XX.,   1867,   p.   62,   and   Zool.   Eec,    18()7  (1868),  p.  165.     Id., 

Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.vS. Wales,  vi.,  1881,  p.   1."'..     Id.,  MeCul- 

loch,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xl.,  1915,  p.  276. 
Lepidobl'^iniins  gemivatinf,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  vi.,  1881, 

p.  13.      hi,  Ogilby,  Cat.  Fish.  N.S.  Wales,   1886,  p.  39.      Id  ,  Waite, 

Mem.  N.S.Wales  Nat.  Club,  ii.,  1904,  p.  52. 

The  identity  of  L.  r/ei)iiii(ih(n  and  L.  haplodacti/lus  has  already  been 
noted  by  McCuUoch.-  The  holotype  of  Macleay's  species  agrees  in  all 
details  with  Steijidachner's  description  and  figure. 

Hal. — Steindachner'fi  type  was  said  to  have  been  obtained  at  Rock- 
hampton,  Queensland.  Ogilby  has  recognised  the  species  in  Moreton  Bay, 
and  it  extends  southward  to  Vmt  Jackson,  where  it  is  veiT  comnnni. 

Lepidoblen.nh's   .\iAi;M(ii;.\Trs,   Mmdemj. 
Tiijdpryiihnu    iii<iii)inrafi(Vi,    Macleay,    Proc.    Linn.    Soc.    N.S.Wales,    iii., 

1.S78,   p.    '.'A,   pi.    iii.,   fig.    2,  and  vi.,   1881,   j).  2(>.      Id.,  Kliinzingei-, 

Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p.  389. 

I),  iii/xiv-xvi/11-12;  A.  23;  P.  14-16;  V.  3;  C.  l:;.  Head  1  in  the 
length  to  the  hvpni'al   joint;   dcpili  ol'  tlic  lic:i(l  .'').l   in  tlie  siinie.      ()il)it    4 


SOMK  Al'STKAMAN    li[,KN\IOin   IMSIIKS McCULLOCK  ANIi   McN'RILL.  25 

in  the  head,  and  1.5  in  tlic  snout,  wliicli  is  2.()  in  the  head.  Interorbital 
width  '^  in  the  oi  bit.  Second  dorsal  spine  1.6  in  the  head,  and  subequal 
to  most  of  the  spines  of  the  second  dorsal  and  the  antaiior  rajs.  Fourth 
last  anal  ray  2,  median  ventral  ray  1..S,  and  caudal  1.1  in  the  head. 
Pectoral  O.'I  longer  than  the  head. 

Head  naked,  nuich  longer  than  high,  with  an  obtusely  pointed  snout; 
anterior  profile  oblique.  Eyes  lai'ge,  cutting  the  profile,  and  separated  by 
a  narrow  concave  interorbital  space.  A  minute  na.sal  tentacle.  Mouth 
nearly  horizontal,  maxilla  reachirrg  to  below  the  posterior  portion  of  the 
eye;  mandible  shorter  than  the  upper  jaw.  A  band  of  villiform  teeth 
in  the  front  portion  of  the  premaxillaiies,  the  outer  ones  enlarged  and 
subulate  anteriorly,  and  extending  backward  well  bshind  the  villiform 
patch;  a  group  of  laiger  teeth  on  each  side  of  the  mandibular  symphysis, 
the  anterior  ones  large  and  sirbulate,  and  some  spaced  curved  canines  on 
the  sides;  about  two  rows  of  small  teeth  form  a  curved  series  across  the 
vomer,  palatines  toothless.  Torrgue  thick,  obtusely  pointed  anteriorly, 
only  the  tip  free.  Gill-opening  very  wide,  the  exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder- 
girdle  smooth. 

Body  elongate,  covered  with  scales  of  moderato  size  which  are 
ctenoid  on  the  back  and  sides  and  cycloid  towaids  the  verrtral  surface; 
they  extend  forward  to  the  nape  before  the  dorsal  tin,  but  leave  the  breast 
and  abdomeir  naked.  The  lateral  line  curves  downward  from  the  shoulder 
to  the  middle  of  the  body,  and  extends  to  the  tail ;  it  is  formed  of  simple 
tubes  placed  oir  enlarged  scales. 

First  dorsal  spine  inserted  just  behind  the  vertical  of  the  preopercular 
margin ;  the  first  three  spines  are  separated  by  an  interspace  from  the 
succeeding  ones,  but  are  connected  to  them  by  membrane  ;  the  third  is  the 
longest.  Spines  of  the  secorrd  portion  of  the  fin  subequal  in  height  to  the 
thiid,  decreasing  a  little  posteriorly;  the  last  is  separated  from  the  soft 
dorsal.  Dorsal  rays  simple,  highest  anteriorly,  the  last  not  united  with 
the  pedurrcle  by  membrane.  Anal  commencing  below  the  middle  of  the 
s3Cond  dorsal,  its  rays  simple  and  increasing  in  height  to  about  the  fourth 
last;  their  tips  are  curved  and  free.  Pectorals  large  and  pointed,  reach- 
ing to  above  the  sixth  anal  ray ;  the  lower  rays  are  thick  and  simple,  the 
upper  ones  bifurcate.  Ventrals  with  two  thick  rays  and  one  thin  orre,  the 
median  ones  reaching  about  two-thirds  of  their  distance  from  the  vent. 
Caudal  srrbtruncate,  with  rounded  angles,  the  raj'S  bifurcate. 

Colour  viayhiiKj. — Brown  above,  white  below,  with  dark  saddle-like 
markings  on  the  back,  from  which  blackish  bars  descend  obliquely  back- 
wards. A  broad  dark-edged  bar  descends  from  the  eye  orr  each  side  of  the 
snout,  another  covers  most  of  the  cheek,  and  a  less  distinct  one  crosses  the 
operculum.  Dorsal  fins  with  rows  of  dark  spots,  which  are  most  distinct 
on  the  rays.  Caudal  with  irregular  rows  of  brown  spots.  Anal  obscurely 
spotted,  with  a  dark  submarginal  band.  Pectoral  spotted,  and  with  large 
dark  markings  on  the  basal  portion. 

Described  from  three  cotypes,  101-118  mm.  long,  preserved  in  the 
Macleay  Museum,  which  are  in  very  bad  condition.  The  proportions  are 
those  of  the  laigest  specimen. 

Loc. — King  George  Sound,  South-western  Australia. 


EXI'I.ANATIOX    OF    IT.ATK    III. 


Fig.  1.      S(tJar>if<t  sjiiililiyifji,   Macleay.      Cotvpe   70    imu.    long,    from     Poil 

Darwin. 
2.      Si(Ii(riii!i  irit)riiti(.<,  Alleyne  and  Macleay.      C'otype  of  S.  culms,  de 

Vis,  55  mm.  long,  fi-om  Mariav  Island,  'l\)i're.s  Straif. 
o.      Sdho-iu"  rinditfiis,  Hiippell.      A  male  example  12')  mm.  long,  from 

Mastliead  Island,  Qneenslajid. 
4.      Sidarias  riviihttic,   Riippell.      A   female  example,    114   mm.  long, 

from  Masthead  Island,  Queensland. 


RKC.  AISTK.  MIS.,  \'()l-.  Xll. 


Pl.AlK    I 


F.  A.  McNriij.,  del. 


KMM.AXATKiX    i)F    I'LATK     IV 


Fi^.  1.      Sahiriiis   Jiiieiihi^,    Cnvier  and    Valeiieieimes.      A    specimen    lOi^ 

mm.  long,  from  the  New  Hebrides. 
2.      ,S'a/(»/'/if.v  ihissitiiiieri,   Cavier  and   ValencieTines.      A   specinieTi  1>V 

mm.  long,  from  Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait, 
o.      Suhiriiif!  ijoniiKdnx.  Alleyne  and  Maeleay.      A   spei-inien  1()7  min. 

long,  from  Murray  Island,  Torres  .Stiait. 
4.      Clrripectes  (dhoapicftlis,  Ogilbv.      A  specimen    7")    timi.    long    Ifoni 

Lord  Howe  Island. 


KI'X'.  ArS'l'K.  MI'S.,  \'()li.  XII. 


I^.AIK    IV 


F.  A.  :M('N!;ii,i„  d.l. 


DESCRIPTIONS  OF  TWO  NEW  HYDROIDS,  AND  A  REVISION 
OF   THE    HYDRO  ID-FAUNA    OF    LORD    HOWE    ISLAND 

KV 

Iv   A.   Bi;ii;i;s,   B.Sc,  Zoologist,  Austi*alian  Musenm. 

(Plates  v.-vi.) 

I. — DEScrari'ioxs  ok  thk  Nkw  Species. 

Family  PLUMULARID^. 

Oemis  Aglaophenia,  Lamouroux. 

Aglaophexia  howensis,  sp.  nov. 

(PI.  v.,  fig.  1-2;    PI.  vi.,  fig.  1.) 

TrophoscmiP. — Hydrocaulus  monosiphonic,  nii branched,  simply  pinnate, 
attaining  a  height  of  G  cm.  Tlie  stem  is  diA'ided  into  regular  iuternodes, 
sepai'ated  by  oblique  nodes,  which  slope  successively  in  opposite 
directions.  Each  iutei-node  bears  a  single  hydrocladium.  The  hydi^o- 
cladia  are  slender,  alternate,  close,  both  series  nearly  in  one  plane,  and 
rising  at  an  angle  of  about  35°-40° ;  nodes  slightly  oblique.  The  hydro- 
cladia  are  divided  into  a  series  of  regular  internodes,  each  of  which  bears 
a  solitary  hydro theca. 

The  hydrothecee  are  borne  nearly  on  the  front  of  the  hydrocladia. 
They  are  closely  set,  sub-cylindrical,  with  the  axis  of  the  hydrotheca 
lying  away  from  the  hydroclade  at  aii  angle  of  about  40°.  There  is  a 
well-developed  anterior  intrathecal  ridge  proceeding  from  about  the 
middle  of  the  front  of  the  cell  and  extending  to  aboTit  its  centime,  where  it 
ends  in  a  hammer-like  thickening.  There  is  in  addition  a  small  pro- 
jection in  front  of  the  hydropore  with  a  rounded  median  tooth,  which  is 
cleai'ly  a  rudimentary  posterior  lidge.  The  hydropore  is  parallel  with 
the  hydrocladium,  or  nearly  so,  but  raised  above  it.  The  border  of  the 
hydrotheca  has  a  well-developed  median  anterior  tooth,  which  is  incurved, 
and  four  teeth  on  each  side.  The  first  pair  of  lateral  teeth  from  the 
front  are  triangular,  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  strongly  everted  ;  the 
second  pair,  roughly  rectangular  in  appearance,  ai'e  bent  inwards ;  the 
third  pair  are  broad,  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  strongly  everted  ;  tlie 
fourth  pair  are  narrow,  pointed,  and  lie  behind  the  lateral  sarcothecae. 
The  back  is  adnate.  The  front  of  the  hydrotheca  is  provided  with  an 
external  longitudinal  hollow  chamber  extending  from  the  anterior 
intrathecal  x'idge,  and  tenuinating  in  an  elevated  pointed  crest  over  the 
anterior  mai'giual  tooth.      Hydi^othecal  internode  without  septal  ridges. 

The  mesial  sarcotheca  is  about  half  the  length  of  the  hydrotheca, 
and  is  adnate  for  about  half  its  length,  tlie  free  distal  portion  usually 
being  directed  more  outward.  The  terminal  and  inferior  apertures  are 
completely  confluent.  A  small  septum  runs  across  the  cavity  of  the 
mesial  sarcotheca.  The  lateral  .sarcothecee  are  small,  adnate  up  to  the 
margin  of  the  hydrotheca,  and  project  slightly  beyond  it ;  the  terminal 
and  inferior  apertures  are  confluent.  There  are  three  cauline  sai'cothecee ; 
two  on  the  anterior  surface  of  the  rachis  at  the  base  of  each  hydro- 
cladium, the  distal  anterior  sarcotheca  being  similar  to  tlie  laterals,  but 
larger,  or  with  two  orifices  bordering  the  free  margin  ;  while  the 
proximal  antei-ior  sai'cotheca  is  smaller,  and  almost  oval  in  outline,  with 
a  solitary  wide  superior  aperture.  The  thiid  cauline  sai'cotheca  is 
similar  to  the  laterals  in  shape,  but  larger,  and  is  situated  at  the  back  of 
each  axil. 


28  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

Gonosome. — The  gonangial  brancli  replaces  a  hydrocladium,  and  bears 
a  single  hydrotheca  below  the  corbiila.  The  corbuhp  are  long  and 
cylindrical,  and  each  consists  of  twelve  to  nineteen  pairs  of  alternate  ribs, 
springing  from  separate  internodes  of  the  rachis  as  narrow  pinnules,  bnt 
expanding  aboye  into  broad  leaflets,  which  unite  to  form  a  closed  corbula, 
except  for  oblique  openings  between  the  bases  of  the  leaflets  left  by  the 
incomplete  fusion  of  the  latter  in  this  region.  Each  leaflet  bears  a  row 
of  sarcotheoie  along  its  distal  edge  ;  the  proximal  edge,  howeyer,  is  devoid 
of  sarcothecae.i  A  single  sarcotheca — sometimes  two — occurs  on  the 
I'achis  at  the  base  of  each  leafllet. 

Colour. — Liglit  brown,  stem  darker. 
Dimensions. — 

Stem  internode,  length 0-24-0-28  mm. 

Stem  intevnode,  diameter         ...         ...         ...         ...     0'28-0-35  mm. 

Hydi'ocladium,  length  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...      up  to  10  ram. 

Hydroelade  internode.  length  ...  ..         ...         ...     0"22-0-24  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  depth ;.     0-18-0-19  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  breadth  at  moutli-  ...         ..  ..     010-012  mm. 

Corbula,  lengtli  ...         ...  ...         ...         ...         ...        up  to  6  mm. 

Corbula,  diameter  ...         ...         ...         ...  ..  1mm. 

Both  Billai'd  and  Bale  have  drawn  attention  to  the  tendency 
exhibited  by  some  species  of  Ai/hiophenia  to  reversal  of  the  front  and 
back  of  the  polypidom.  I  have  observed  this  condition  in  A.  hovensis,  in 
which  four  or  five  of  the  hydrocladia  on  each  side  alternately  face  the 
front  and  back  throughout  the  length  of  the  stem,  with  the  result  that  no 
fewer  than  eighteen  reversals  occur  in  a  length  of  6  cm.  A.k  a 
consequence  the  stem,  when  viewed  laterally,  j^i'esents  a  very  wavy 
appeai'ance.  Billard's  explanation  that  I'eversals  followed  a  regenei'ation 
of  a  broken  part  does  not  appear  applicable  in  tliis  instance,  as  I  am 
unable  to  detect  any  break  in  the  continuity  of  the  stem.  This  change  of 
front  is  not  confined  to  the  hydrocladia,  but  is  shared  also  by  the 
corbula?.  In  A.  hove)isix  the  gonangial  branches  replace  the  hydrocladia, 
and  wherever  a  reversal  of  the  latter  occurs  the  corbulfie  also  face  in  the 
saine  direction. 

Ajfi)iities.—Aijli((i/ili<'i/lti  iinn-ensis  is  vei'v  closely  allied  to  A.  sinnosa. 
Bale-'*,  from  Port  Denison,  Queensland.  It  differs,  however,  from 
Bale's  species  in  the  form  and  position  of  the  posterior  intrathecal  ridge, 
which  is  quite  rudimentary  in  .1.  //o»•eJ^•>/,^•,  but  is  well  developed  in 
A.  sivuosa,  in  which  species  the  hydropore  is  not  elevated  as  in 
A.  hmvensis.  Other  characters  by  which  this  species  may  be  distinguished 
from  A.  sinnosa  are  (1)  the  smaller  size  of  the  hydi-otheca  (0-19  mm.  as 
against  0-31  mm.  in  depth)  ;  (2)  the  form  and  position  of  the  lateral 
teeth  on  the  margin  ol'  the  hydrotheca  :  ()>)  the  difl^erent  configuration  of 
the  apocauline  side  of  the  liydrotheca  with  the  mesial  sarcotheca  ;  (4) 
the   presence  on    the  front  of  the  hydrotheca  of  a  prominent  external 

'  Tills  is  contrary  to  Nutting's  observations  on  the  structure  of  the  corbula?  of 
American  species  of  Aghiophfiiia,  in  which  there  is  always  "a  row  of  nematophores 
on  the  proximal  or  inner  edges  of  each  leaf,  the  iKMnatophores  projecting  into  the 
cavity  of  the  corbula"  (Nutting— American  Hvdroids.  pt.  I.,  —  PlumularidiC.  1900 
p.  33). 

-  Distance  from  posterior  wall  to  anterior  tooth. 

3  Bale— Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales  (2).  iii.,  1888.  p.  790,  pi.  .\.\i..  fig.  1,  2, 


TIYMKOITIS UnidGS.  29 

liollow  clianiber,  wliicli  terminates  in  an  elevated  pointed  crest  over  the 
anterior  marginal  tootli  ;  and  (5)  the  stiiioture  ol"  the  corbula,  and  the 
arrangement  of  the  sarcothecae  on  the  leaflets. 

Re»i(irJ,s. — Whitelegge^  in  his  list  of  Hydroids  from  Lord  Howe 
Island,  includes  "  Halicornaria,  sp.  nov.  ?  ",  and  specimens  so  labelled  in 
the  Australian  Museum  collection  prove  on  examination  to  be  identical 
with  AiihtnpJieuiK  hoire)i.^is.  There  is  also  preserved  in  the  Macleay 
Museum  a  specimen  of  this  species  from  an  unknown  locality,  collected 
bv  the '' ('hevert "  expedition.  The  itinei^ary  of  this  expedition  did  not 
include  Loi-d  Howe  Island,  the  ''  ('lievert's  "  movements  being  confined  to 
the  Austiulian  coast  (the  inner  passage  from  Percy  Island  to  Cape  York), 
New  Guinea,  and  Toi^res  Straits. 

j^or. — Middle  Beach,  Lord  Howe  Island,  South  Pacific  Ocean.  This 
specimen  has  been  selected  as  the  holotype. 

Jlolnfiipe. — In  the  Australian  Museum,  Sydney. 

Genus  AciLAOPiiRXOPSis,  Fewl-es. 

Aghu'lJtPiwp^l.-<,  Fewkes,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  viii.,  1881,  p.  132.  TJ., 
Nutting,  .Vmerican  Hydroids,  pt.  I., — Plumularidse,  1900,  p.  118. 
The  genus  Aghiopleuopsis,  with  ]iii:-<iifa  for  its  type,  was  described  by 
Fewkes  in  1881  from  specimens  taken  by  the  "  Blake  "  Expedition.  In 
1900  Nutting  added  two  new  species,  .1.  (0  distau!<,  and  A.  vernlli,  and 
also  referred  to  this  genus  Cltidocarpny  corimtus,  Verrill.  The  genus  has 
hitherto  been  known  only  fi^om  North  American  waters.  The  occurrence 
in  Australian  seas  of  a  fifth  species  is,  therefore,  particularly  noteworthy. 
The  bathymetrical  distribution  of  the  American  species  ranges  from  200 
to  1,497  fathoms.  The  Austi^alian  representative  was  dredged  in  50 
fathoms. 

A(;LA0PHR\01>SI^^    VACA,    sp.  710V. 

(PI.  v.,  fig.  3-7  ;   PI.  vi.,  fig.  2.) 

Trophosome. — Hydrocaulus  polysiphonic,  branched,  reaching  a  height 
of  16  cm.  The  hydrocladiate  tube  is  divided  into  regular  internodes  by 
distinct  nodes.  Each  internode  bears  a  single  hydrocladium.  The 
hydrocladia  are  slender,  alternate,  both  series  springing  from  the  front  of 
the  hydrocladiate  tube  and  directed  forwards  ;  nodes  slightly  oblique.  The 
hydrocladia  are  divided  into  a  series  of  regular  internodes,  each  of  which 
bears  a  solitary  hydrotheca. 

The  hydrothecae  are  deep,  oval  in  shape,  narrowing  towards  the  base, 
the  axis  of  the  hydrotheca  lying  almost  parallel  with  the  hydrocladium. 
There  is  a  well-developed  intrathecal  ridge  near  the  base,  projecting  from 
the  adcauline  wall,  and  reaching  a  little  more  than  one-third  across  the 
cavity  of  the  hydrotheca.  The  aperture  of  the  hydrotheca  is  circular, 
and  has  a  well-developed  anterior  tooth  ;  the  border  is  otherwise  entire, 
smooth,  or  very  faintly  undulated.  The  back  is  adnate.  The  hydrothecal 
iutei^node  is  provided  with  three  septal  ridges,  one  opposite  the 
intrathecal  ridge,  another  behind  the  lateral  sarcothecae,  and  a  third  near 
the  base  of  the  internode.  Besides  these  a  small  septum  generally  runs 
across  the  cavity  of  the  mesial  sarcotheca. 

■»  Whitelegge  in  Etheridge— Mem.  Anstr.  Mus.,  ii.,  1889,  p.  41. 


30  RECORDS  OK  THK  AU^^T^;AMA^'   MFfJEUM. 

The  mesial  sarcotheca  is  veiy  nearly  as  long  as  the  hydrotheca,  and 
is  closely  adnate  throughout  its  length.  The  aperture  is  simple  and 
oblique,  and  has  a  slightly  undulated  margin.  A  small  septum  runs 
across  the  cavity  of  the  mesial  sarcotheca.  The  lateral  sarcothecae  are 
adnate  up  to  the  hydrotheca-margin,  the  upper  posterior  corner  attaining 
a  level  somewhat  higlier  than  tliat  of  the  hydrotheca.  They  are  saccate, 
I'oughly  triangular  in  outline,  with  a  broad,  free  mai'gin,  which  never 
becomes  tubular  at  the  eiuls.  On  the  liydrocladiate  tube  there  are  three 
cauline  sarcothecae  to  each  ititernode  ;  one  antero-lateral  in  position  at  the 
origin  of  the  hj-drocladium,  another  a  little  below  this  in  the  middle  line 
on  the  anterior  sui'face,  both  of  which  are  similar  to  the  lateral 
sai'cothecae,  and  a  thii'd  similar  to  the  laterals  in  shape — but  smaller — 
is  situated  at  the  back  of  each  axil.  On  encli  accessory  tube  the  cauline 
sarcothecae  are  small,  numerous,  and  arranged  in  a  single,  evenly-spaced 
series  along  the  whole  length  of  the  tube. 

Gonosome. — The  gonangia  ai'e  borne  singly  on  the  branches  at  the 
bases  of  the  hydi'ocladia.  They  are  oblong-ovate,  with  a  latero-terminal 
orifice.  No  stalk  is  present,  and  in  frontal  view  they  appear  as  much 
elongated  (length  three  times  maximum  breadth)  cylindrical  bodies,  with 
the  aperture  lying  a  little  within  the  upper  margin,  and  Facing  the 
observer.  The  aperture  is  peai'-shaped,  with  its  basal  portion  distinctly 
conti'acted.  There  is  a  slight  pit-like  depression  situated  immediately 
below  the  lower  lip  of  the  aperture.  In  lateral  asjaect  the  profile  is 
obovate,  with  the  summit  curved  over  the  latero-terminal  orifice,  which 
faces  outwards  and  slightly  downwards.  The  gonangia  reach  a  length  of 
1"75  mm.,  with  a  maximum  diameter  of  0"59  mm.,  about  the  proximal 
third  of  their  length. 

Each  gonangium  is  protected  by  a  jointed,  unbranched  ajipendage, 
springing  from  the  proximal  intern  ode  of  the  hydrocladi\am,  and  bearing 
a  single  row  of  sarcothecae,  and  one  or  two  terminal  hydrothec-e.  Eacli 
protective  appendage  oi-iginates  from  one  side  of  the  hydrochulium  just 
below  the  hydrotheca,  and  is  divided  by  oblique  nodes  into  a  series  (up 
to  seven  in  number)  of  regular  iutei'iiodes.  Kach  internode  is  short,  and 
bears  a  solitaiy  sarcotheca,  with  the  exception  of  one  or  two  of  the  distal 
internodes,  which  are  longei-  and  provided  with  hydrothecfe.  The 
sarcothecae  are  similar  to  the  lateral  sarcothecae  of  the  hydrotheca. 

Colonr. — BuiT. 

Dimensions. — 

Hydroclacliate  tube  internode,  length                    ...         ...  0-80-0  89  mm. 

Hydrocladiate  tube  internode.  diameter  ...         ...           ..  029  0  :^5  mm. 

Hydrocladium,  lengtli            ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  uj)  to  8  ram. 

Hydi'oclade  intornode,  lent^th                         .          ...          ...  0-59-0-63  mm. 

TTydrocliide  internode,  diameter     ...            .          ...           .  017-021  mm. 

llydrocladn  proximal  internode,  length     ..                       ..  0-87-0'89  mm. 

Hydrotheca.  depth 0-42-04-3  mm. 

Hydrotlieca,  breadth  at  mouth  (lateral  aspect).  ()-28-0  29  mm. 

Gonangium,  length    ...         ...         ...         ...  1-75  mm. 

Gonangium.  iiiaximmn  (Hameter    ...          ...          .  .  0  59  mm. 

Phylactogonium.  Icngtli        ...         ...         ...         ...         ..  up  to  4- mm. 

Phylactogonium  internode  (with  sarcotheca),  length  ...  U*36-0*13  mm. 

Phylactogonium  internode  (witli  hydrotheca),  length...  0-70-0-75  mm. 


ini'i.uii.s — HK'i(u;s.  ;3l 

The  t'i)k>iiy,  16  cm.  in  heiglit,  consists  oi  a  maiu  stem,  3  mm,  in 
(liann'ttM-,  Avliicli  is  destitute  of  liydrucladia.  The  basal  portion  of  the 
stem  is  missing.  At  a  lieiglit  of  5-5  cm.  branching  begins,  (lie  largest 
primary  branch  having  a  diameter  at  the  base  oi  'A  mm.,  ami  a  length  of 
12  cm.  The  secondarj-  branches,  up  to  S  cm.  in  leugth,  are  abundant 
and  irregularly  arranged,  varying  in  position  fi'om  alternate,  through 
sub-alteniate  to  oi)posite.  A  few  small  branches  of  the  third  order  also 
occur.  The  stem,  branches,  and  branchlets  are  all  strongly  fascicled. 
In  transverse  section  the  stem  is  seen  to  be  made  up  of  a  great  number  of 
tubes — as  many  as  fifty-seven  being  counted.  The  polysiphonic  branches 
and  branchlets  consist  of  a  hydrocladiate  tube,  supported  by  a  varying 
number  of  accessory  tubes.  The  hydrocladiate  tube  runs  along  the 
surface  of  the  branches,  but  in  the  stem  it  looses  its  superficial  position, 
and,  becoming  immersed  in  the  accessory  tubes,  occupies  a  central  or 
axial  position.  The  hydrocladiate  tube  is  iilone  divided  into  internodes, 
which  are  separated  by  distinct  nodes.  About  the  middle  of  each 
internode  is  a  process  upon  which  a  hydrocladium  is  set.  The  hydro- 
cladia  arise  alternately  from  the  hydrocladiate  tube,  and  reach  a  length 
of  8  mm.  Each  hydrocladium  commences  with  a  long  proximal 
interi^ode  sepai'ated  from  the  tube  process  by  a  transverse  node,  and  from 
the  next  succeeding  hydroclade  internode,  by  an  articulation,  very  oblique 
in  lateral  Anew,  and  x-esembling  from  the  front  two  cones,  the  points  of 
which  interpenetrate.  The  remaining  internodes  are  considerably  shorter 
than  the  proximal  one,  and  are  separated  by  slightly  oblique  nodes. 

The  gonangia  are  boi-ne  singly  on  the  branches  at  the  bases  of  the 
hydrocladia,  and  not  on  the  phylactogonia  as  in  A.  verrllli,  Nutting. 

In  his  introductory  I'emarks  on  the  structures  for  the  protection  of 
the  gonangia  and  their  contents  among  the  Plumularida;,  Nutting''  states 
that  "  in  AiilcuiphenojiJb-is  the  phylactogonium  is  supposed  to  be  a  greatly 
reduced  mesial  nematophore  of  the  proximal  hydrotheca,"  In  A.  vaga 
the  phylactogonium  does  not  occupy  the  place  of  a  mesial  sarcotheca,  but 
springs  from  one  side  of  the  proximal  internode  of  the  hydrocladium, 
originating  from  that  part  of  the  internode,  which  is  between  the  node 
and  the  base  of  the  hydrotheca.  The  phylactogonium  apparently 
intrudes  between  the  mesial  sarcotheca  and  the  base  of  the  hydrotheca, 
since  the  sarcotheca  is  there,  but,  as  it  were,  forced  out  of  its  natural 
position.  It  is  true  that  this  sarcotheca  does  not  I'epresent  the  ordinaiy 
type  of  mesial  sarcotheca  ;  it  is  not  in  contact  with  the  hydrotheca,  and 
is  much  wider  and  similar  in  size  and  shape  to  the  cauline  sarcothecse  on 
the  hydrocladiate  tube.  It  is  doubtful  whether  the  phylactogonium  is  a 
modified  mesial  sarcotheca,  either  in  my  specimen  or  in  the  American 
species,  and  Nutting  also  seems  dubious,  as  is  evident  from  his  i-emark 
"  it  is  impracticable  to  insist  in  all  cases  on  such  homologies." 

The  pliA-lactogonium  is  a  jointed,  unbranched  appendage,  bearing  a 
single  row  of  sarcothectc,  and  one  or  two  terminal  hydrothecse.  Accord- 
ing to  Nutting,  this  type  of  protective  appendage  is  "unique  among  the 
Statoplea,  and  if  consistent  would  prove  an  excellent  generic  character.*' 
In    .1.   vaya  either  one  or  two   terminal  hydi'othecae  are  present.     Both 


Nuttiug— American  Hydiuids,  pt.  1., — i'himularida!,  I'JUO,  p.  35. 


82  HECORDS  OK    THE  Al'STIJALlAN"   MTSKUM. 

liydrothecfe  may  be  quite  normal  in  appearance,  or  the  proximal  one  may 
have  the  ordinary  mesial  sarcotheca  wanting,  and  a  sarcotlieca  similar  to 
the  cauline  sarcotlieca  of  the  hydrocladiate  tube  present  on  the  interuode 
beloAv  the  liydrotlieca.  The  arrangement  of  the  sarcothecse  on  the 
protective  appendage  is  very  uniform,  each  internode  being  armed  with  a 
single  sarcotheca,  except  for  one  or  two  instances  when  two  sarcotlieca? 
were  obserA^ed  on  a  single  internode. 

Alfinitief. — The  present  specimen  has  been  i-eferred  to  the  genus 
Aghioplienopsis,  on  account  of  the  phylactogonium,  which  is  a  jointed, 
unbranched  appendage  springing  from  the  pi-oximal  internode  of  the 
hydrocladium,  and  bearing  a  single  row  of  sarcotheca'",  and  one  or  two 
terminal  hydrothecae.  Plumularians  of  this  type  have  hitherto  been 
recorded  only  from  North  American  waters,  where  they  are  i-epresented 
by  four  species.  The  discovery^  of  a  fifth  species  on  the  coast  of  New 
South  Wales  is,  therefore,  of  great  interest.  The  species  is  a  well- 
marked  one,  ami  difters  considerably  from  the  pi'eviously-described 
members  of  the  genus.  It  is  readily  distinguished  from  ^1.  liirfiHtu  by  its 
single  mesial  sarcotheca ;  from  A.  d{t;taii><  and  .1.  cern'lli  by  its  large 
mesial  sarcotheca,  which  is  adnate  to  the  front  of  the  hydrotheca ;  and 
from  A.  corniita  by  the  front  of  the  hydrotheca,  which  is  without  a  ridge 
or  keel. 

Loc. — Off  Botany  Bay,  New  South  AVales,  50  fathoms. 

Holotype. — In  the  Australian  Museum,  Sydney. 

Key  to  the  species  of  the  genus  Aijluophenopxis  : — 
o.  Mesial  sarcotheca  single. 

h.  Mesial  sarcotheca  small,  sejjanite  from  hydrotheca. 

c.  Mary;iii  of  hydrotheca  with  a  pruminent  .anterior  touth ;  lateral  teeth  siiallow 

or  sinuous  A.  ilislans. 

cc.  Margin   of   hydrotheca   witliout  a  promiucut  anterior  tooth ;    lateral  teeth 

subequal .1.  rt-i-rilli. 

hb.  Mesial  sarcotheca  large,  adnate  to  hydrotheca. 

d.  Front  uf  hydrotheca  with  a  prominent  ridge  or  keel .4.  cornida. 

dd.  Front  of  hydrotheca  without  a  ridge  or  keel  A.  vaga. 

aa.  Mesial  sarcotheca  double     .4.  hifsuta. 

II. KkVISKIN    (IK    TllK    Hv|i|;(i1I>-FaINA    ok    lidl.M'    HiiWK     Isi.AM'. 

Hydroid  Zdophvlt's  were  ])reseut  in  the  cnllections  made  at  \nnd 
Howe  Island  in  August-September,  18t^7,  by  a  collecting  party  des[)atelietl 
by  the  Trustees  of  the  Australian  Museum  to  this  isolateil  Island,  lioid 
Howe  Island  is  situated  in  S.  Lat.  '.W  '.V.\\  and  K.  Long.  Ib^f  5'.  Jt  is 
the  most  southern  of  the  outlying  islands  on  the  east  coast  of  .Vustnilia. 

The  determination  and  description  of  these  collections  was  effected 
by  the  Museum  staff,  and  Mr.  T.  Whitelegge*'  prepared  a  short  account  of 
the  Coelentei-ata,  which  included  a  list  of  Hydroids  collected  chiefly  From 
seaAveeds  tlu-own   up  on   the  sandy  beach   ol'  the  lagnon.      The   Hydroids 
mentioned    in    tins  list,  with  their  identiticatiou  as  now  uinh-rstodd,  are  as 
follows  : — 
Ceratella  fiisc((,  Gviiy  ?     ...  ...    iSolunileria  ftiKca  {Liviiy). 

Sertnlarella  soli(h(U(,  Bale  ..      Sertidarella  indii'isa,  Bale. 

Eucopella  catupanula,  Leudfel.    ...    iSilicidaria  campanularia  (Leudeufeld). 

«  Whitclegge  in  Etheridge— Mem.  Anstr.  Mus.,  ii.,  1889,  p.  41. 


IM  |ll;^||>^ — l;i;h;iiS.  8S 

Serliiluriii  iiiiiiiiiin,  Tlioiiipsoii  Serl ularia  luiin'ma,  'J'lioiiipKoii. 

Hdliconntn'a,  syt.  nov.?    ...  ...    Aglaophenia  howeims,  \h'\^^s. 

Hall  cor  niu'itt,  sp.  iiov.  V     .  ...     Thecocarims  h'evirostrix  (BiiKk). 

FIhiii idiwid,  iil).  nov.  ?      ...  ...    Flninulan'a  halei,  }ii\vt]vi\ . 

Pliimnlaria  '<i)iitot<((,  Bale...  .      Plu)niilari((  spiniilosK,  Bale. 

(^anipaiialaria  thicta,  Hiiicks  (Uniipati ularia  tincta,  Uiiicks. 

Whitelegge's  list  is  ol  inicTi'st  as  being  tVie  first  contiibu(i<iii  (o  tlic 
study  of  the  Hydroid  Zoupliytes  of  Lord  Howe  Island,  although  uo 
serious  woi'k  was  attempted  on  the  specimens  with  the  exception  of  those 
of  Solaiiden'a  fvi^ca  (rJray),  which  Aveiv  fully  described  and  figured  by 
Prof.  BaldAvin  8p»ncer'. 

During  a  visit  to  the  island  in  November,  lUl;'),  I  collected  a 
nunibei'  of  Hj'droids,  and  these,  in  conjunction  with  Whitelegge's 
specimens,  form  the  basis  of  the  present  paper.  Although  the 
collection  is  a  small  one,  consisting  of  twenty  sjiecies  belonging  to 
twelve  genera,  it  foims  a  useful  addition  to  our  veiy  meagi'e 
knowledge  of  the  Hydroid  fauna  of  this  island.  The  collection, 
moreover,  shows  the  relationship  which  the  Hydroids  bear  to  those  of 
neighbouring  seas.  Nineteen  of  the  twenty  species  here  recorded  liave 
previously  been  recognised  from  the  Australian  coast.  On  the  other 
hand,  only  two  species  ai'e  common  to  the  Kennadec  Islands  and  Loi'd 
Howe  Tsland.  Considering  the  /oo-geogra])liieal  relationships  of  these 
two  islands,  the  lack  of  similarity  in  their  respective  Hydroid  faunas  is 
A^eiy  striking,  especially  as  Hilgendorf^  has  recorded  eight  species  from 
the  Kermadecs,  and  I  have  been  able  to  examine — through  the  kindness  of 
Mr.  W.  R.  B.  Oliver,  of  Auckland,  New  Zealand — a  number  of  additional 
forms  from  the  same  locality,  as  well  as  duplicates  of  Hilgendorf's 
specimens.  Of  the  eight  species  recorded  by  Hilgendoi-f,  only  one 
(Sertidaria  luiniiiui,  Thompson)  is  common  to  the  two  islands  ;  and,  with 
additional  material  at  my  disposal,  I  have  only  been  able  to  add  a  second 
species,  Tltt'cocurpiis  hrevirostrls  (Busk),  from  Sunday  Island,  Kermadecs. 
The  same  species  appears  in  Whitelegge's  list  as  "  Halicornaria, 
sp.  nov.  ?  " 

In  an  addendum  I  have  been  able  to  assign  to  their  (correct  positions 
Hilgendorf's  Aylaupkenia  .''  x  and  A[ilaophe}iiti  !  y,  fjom  Denham  Bay, 
Sunday  Island,  Kermadec  Islands. 

The  complete  list  of  the  species  in  the  collection  from  iiord  Howe 
Island  is  as  follows  : — 

Family  SOLANDERID^. 

Sulanderia  fusca  (Gray). 

Family  CAMPANULAKlDJi. 

(J ainjyau ularia  tiiictu,  Hincks. 

Silicularia  campanidaria  (Lendenfeld). 

Family  LAFOEID^. 
Uebella      calcarata      (L.      Agassiz),      A'ar.      cunioria,      Marktanner- 
Turneretscher. 


^  Spencer— Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  2,  1891,  pp.  8-24,  pi.  ii.,  fi<,'.  l-3a,  pi.  iii., 

fiff.  4-8,  pi.  iiia.,  fig.  9-14. 

"  Hilgendorf— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,    xliii.,  lOlU  (IQH),  IT-  om-bV6. 


84  RECOROS  OF  THK   AUSTRALIAN   MnSEUM. 

Family  SKRTU LARTD^E. 

Sertidarella  indivisa,  Utile. 

Sertalarella  suharticidnta  (Couglitrey). 

Sertiiluria  bt'sjji)iosi(  (Gray). 

Sertularia  miin')H((,  Tlionipsoii. 

Thuiaria  siiniotiu.,  Bak'. 

T/iuiaria  tubalifonni^  (Marktaimer-Turueretscher). 

Pasijthea  (luadrideiitata  (Ellis  aud  Solaiidei"),  var.  ubliqua,  Lamouroux. 

Family  PLUMULARID^. 

Pluiimlaria  b'dei,  Bartlett. 
PI anndaria  baskii,  Bale. 
Pluiiiularia  sjjiindosd,  Bale. 
Halieor)uiri<i  ascidioides  (Bale). 
Haliconmria  prolifera  (Bale). 
Aylii-Oplieiiia  diuaricata  (Busk). 
A(jlaophe)iii(  hoireasis,  Bviggs. 
Ayluophoiid  inirvula,  Bale. 
Thecocarpics  brevirostris  (Busk). 

Family  SOLANDERIDvE. 

Genus  Solan i»ki;ia,  Dnclmtinnimj  mid  Michelhi. 

Sola)ideri(i,  Ducliassaiug   and    Miclieliu,  Revue  Zoologique,  ISMI,  p.  210. 
Ceratella,  Gray,  Proc.  Zool.  .Soc,  ll?G8,  p.  579. 

Stecliow,  who  lias  examined  the  type  of  Sola}ideria  (jraciii?,  has 
shown  that  the  genus  Ceratelii  should  be  suppressed,  being  synonymous 
with  Solaiideria. 

SoLAXHElMA    FUSCA    (Uraij). 

Ceratella  fusca,  Gray,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  18G8,  p.  579,  tig.  2.  [d.,  Carter, 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (4),  xi.,  1873,  pp.  8,  10.  Id.,  Bale,  Cat. 
Austr.  Hydroid  Zoophytes,  1884,  p.  48.  Id.,  Leiulent'eld,  Proc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1885,  p.  612.  Id.,  Brazier,  Ibid.  (2),  i., 
188(5,  p.  575.  Id.,  Bale,  Ibid.  (2),  iii.,  1888,  p.  748.  hi,  Spencer, 
Trans.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  2,  1891,  pp.  8-24,  pi.  ii.,  tig.  l-3a  ;  pi.  iii., 
Hg.  4-8  ;  pi.  iiia.,  tig.  9-14.  Id.,  Nutting,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Comni., 
xxiii.,  3,  1906,  p.  939. 

Among  the  specimens  of  Suhonlrria  j'lifra  (Gray),  preserved  in  the 
-Viistralian  Museum,  are  several  colonies  which  were  collected  by 
Whitelegge  at  Lord  Howe  Island.  These  were  submitted  to  Prof.  Sir 
Baldwin  Spencer,  and  were  fully  described  aud  figured  in  his  papei-  "On 
the  Structure  of  Ceratella  fusca  (Gray),"  which  appeared  in  18!U. 

lJishibiitliiii.—  Vve\\o\iH\y  recorded  from  New  South  Wales  (Giay, 
Brazier)  ;  Lord  Howe  Ishmd  (Spencer)  ;  Flinders  Island,  Bass  Strait 
(Spencer)  ;  North  coast  of  the  Island  of  Maui,  Hawaiian  Ishuids 
(Nutting). 


Hvi>i;oii)s — HKir.r.s.  35 

Family  CAMPANULARID^. 

GreuuK  Campanulakia,  Lamarch. 

Cami'Amlai.'ia    tixcta,  Hincks. 

Campiuiidiifia  finctd,  Hiucks,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  vii.,  1861, 
p.  280,  pi.  xii.  Id.,  Bale,  Cat.  Anstr.  Hydroicl  Zuophytt'.s,  lb84, 
p.  57,  pi.  i.,  Hg.  -i-G  ;  pi.  xix.,  fig.  -I'.l  hi.,  .Iliderliolm,  Wissenscli. 
Ergeb.  sclnvedischen  Siiclpolar-Exped.,  Bd.  v.,  Zool.  i.,  Hydroiden, 
1905,  p.  14,  pi.  v.,  tig.  5.  /(/.,  WaiTen,  Ann.  Natal  Govt.  Mus.,  i.,  3, 
1908,  p.  337,  tig.  18.  /(/.,  Vanluiften,  Deutsche  Siidpolar-Exped., 
Bd.  xi.,  Zool.  iii.,  Hydroiden,  1910,  p.  296,  tig.  17.  LL,  Ritchie, 
Mem.  Austr.  Mas.,  iv.,  16,  1911,  p.  8ll'.  Id.,  Nutting,  American 
HLydroids,  pt.  iii.,  Campanularida^,  and  Bonneviellida?,  1915,  p.  11, 
pi.  iv.,  fig.  6,  7. 
Specimens  of  this  species   were  observed  on  seaweeds  thrown  np  on 

the  sandy  beach  of  the  lagoon,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Distribution. — Previously  recorded  from   Port  Phillip   (Hincks),  and 

Portland,    Victoria    (Bale)  ;     Falkland    Islands     (Jiiderholm,     Ritchie)  ; 

Straits     of     Magellan     (Hartlaub)  ;     Natal     (Warren)  ;      Gauss-Station, 

Antarctica  (Vanhoft'en)  ;   New  South  Wales  (Ritchie). 

Genus  Siliculakia,   Meijen. 
SiLicuLARiA  campanulaeia  (Lendenfeld) . 

Eucopello  caiiipauidaria  (in  part),   Lendenfeld,  Zeitschr.  fiir  Wiss.  Zool., 

xxxviii.,  1883,  pp.  497-583,  pi.  xxix.,  fig.  15,  Dl-D^. 
EncopeHii    campanidarid.  Bale  (jiart),  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales  (2),  iii., 

1888,  p.  751.      Id.,  Mulder  and  Trebilcock,   Geelong  Naturalist   (2), 

vi.,  1,  1914,  p.  9,  pi.  ii.,  fig.  8-11. 
/  EHC02)e[la  reticulata,  Hartlaub,  Zool.  Jalirb.,  Suppl.  vi.,  iii.,  1905,  p.  569, 

fig.  Ri. 
Silicularia    cam  pan  iil  aria.   Bale,    Proc.   Roy.    Soc.    Vict,    (n.s.),  xxvii.,   1, 

1914,  p.  84,  pi.  xiii.,  fig.  1,  5. 

T^-pical  specimens  of  this  species  w^ere  found  on  seaw^eeds  throwji  up 
on  the  sandy  beach  of  the  lagoon.  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Distribution..  —  Previously  recorded  from  Victoria  (Lendenfeld, 
Mulder  and  Trebilcock)  ;  New  South  Wales  (Bale,  Marktauuer- 
Turneretscher)  ;  Port  William,  Falkland  Islands  (Hartlaub,  as  Eucupella 
reticulata). 

Family  LAFOEID^. 

Genus  Hkbella,  AUinan. 

Hh:i!KI,LA    CALCAKATA  (L.  Aijassi;:), 

var.    coxii n{  ia,    Marh-tanner-Turneretsrhi'r. 

Ilebella  contvrta,  Marktanner-Turneretscher,  Ann.  K.  K.  llul'mus.  Wien, 
v.,  1890,  p.  215,  pi.  iii.,  fig.  17a,  b.  Id.,  Campenhausen,  Abli. 
Senckenb.  Naturf.  Ges.  Fraukfurt-a-M.,  1897,  p.  307.  liL,  Levinsen, 
Vidensk.  Medd.  fra  den  naturh.  Foren,  64,  1913,  p.  285,  pi.  v., 
tig.  16,  17. 

Hebella  cijLindrica  (in  part),  Pictet,  Rev.  Suisse  de  Zool.,  i.,  1893,  p.  41. 


36  KKCOKDS  OF  THE  AUSTKAIJAX   JIUSKUM. 

Hehella  scuiidens  (in  part),  Bale,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict.  (n..s.),  xxvi.,  ll»l?), 

p.  117. 
Rebel  la  calcarata  (L.  Agassi/},  var.  cnutorta,  Bale,  Biol.  Res.  "Endeavour," 

iii.,  5,  1915,  p.  253. 

Loc. — Clrowing  on  Fa>>i/tliei(  qaadrldeiitata  (Ellis  and  Solander),  var. 
obliqiM,  Lamouroux,  thrown  np  on  the  sandy  beach  of  the  lagoon.  Lord 
Howe  Island. 

Family  SERTULARIDiE. 

Genus  Skutulai;eij,a,  Uraij. 

Sektulahella  tndivisa,  Jnile. 

Sertulurellu  i)idivit-a,  Bale,  Biol.   Res.  "  Endeavour,"  iii.,  5,    1915,   p.   285 

(synonymy). 

Numerous  specimens  of  this  small  species  were  obtained  which  do 
not  exceed  10  mm.  in  height.  Some  of  the  specimens  give  rise  to  one  or 
two  pinnately-disposed  branches.  Gronangia  are  present  on  several  of 
the  colonies. 

Bemarl-)>. — Tliis  species  appears  in  Whitelegge's  list  as  N.  solidida, 
Bale.  Owing  to  the  extreme  range  of  A^aiiation  exhibited  by  the  forms 
distinguished  as  S.  iudlvisa,  S.  solidula,  and  S.  van\(bilif<,  all  three  arc 
now  generally  i-egarded  as  a  single  variable  .species  ;  this  must  be  known 
as  S.  iHdivisa,  which  name  appears  Hrst  in  the  publication. 

Loc. — Grrowing  on  seaiveeds  thrown  up  on  the  sandy  beacli  of  tlie 
lagoon,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Sektulakella   simiak'IICULATA  (Conghtreij). 

Thuiaria    artictdata,    Hutton,    Trans.    N.Z.    lust.,   v.,    1872,    p.    258   (not 

Thulavia  articnlala,  Johnston). 
Thuiaria  snbarticidalu,   Coughtrey,   Trans.   N.Z.    lust.,   vii.,  1874,   p.  287, 

pi.  XX.,  tig.   ;)2-:) 4.      hi.,  Thonipst)n,   Ann.   Mag.   Nat.   Hist.   (5),   iii., 

1879,  p.  110. 
Thmaria   hideiis,    Allnuui,    Jmini.    liinii.    Stic,    Zool.,    xii.,    lcS7t>,    ]>.    209, 

pi.  xviii.,  tig.  1,  2. 
Sertidaria  fertilis,   Lendenfeld,    Proc.    Linn.    Soc.    N.S.AVales,    ix.,    1885, 

p.  400,  pi.  vii.,  Hg.  4,  5. 

A  single  dried  colony,  9  cm.  in  licight,  representing  tins  <y])ical  New 
Zealand  species,  agrees  with  the  sjiecimens  described  and  tigured  by 
AUman  under  the  name  of  Thuiaria  bideus,  which  is  synonymous  with 
6'.  sabarticulata  (Coughtrey). 

Loc. — Lord  HoAve  Island. 

Distribution. — Previously  recorded  from  NeAV  Zealand  (Hutton; 
Coughtrey;  Allnian,  as  Thuiaria  bideun ;  Lendenfeld,  as  Sertularia 
fertilis).  Whitelegge'*  has  recorded  this  species  from  Maroubra  Bay, 
New  South  Wales. 


Whitelegge— Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  iS. S.Wales,  xxiii.,  18«9,  p.  193. 


ininjoins — RivMGCis.  ,37 

(it'lius    SkktuLAU'IA,  Liinni'MS. 

Skimti.ai.'IA    r.isriXdSA    ((Irdij). 

Serti'laritt    bittpiiiosa    (Uiuj),    Nutting,    Ainei'icau     Jlydroids,     pt.    II., — 
Sertularidge,  1904,  p.  5G,  pi.  ii.,  tig.  8-11  (syuoiiymy). 

A  few  tragmeutaiy  but  typical  exazi]23les  of  tliis  species  were  found 
eutaugled  with  Sertnlarellii  sabartlculata  (Coughtrey).  Gouaugia  are 
present  on  several  of  the  specimens. 

Duiieiisioiis. — 

Stem  internode,  length 0-oO-0-66  mm. 

Stem  internode,  diameter  at  base  of  liydiotheca      ...  U-26-0'31  mm. 

Hydrotlieca,  leugtli  of  external  profile           ...          ...  (J'38-0--i3  mm. 

Hydi'otlieca,  lengtli  of  free  portion      ...          ...          ...  U-28-U-33  mm. 

Hydrotlieca,  length  of  aduate  portion            ...          ...  (>-17-0"19  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  diameter  at  mouth           ...          ...          ...  (Ji4-0-15  mm. 

Gonangium,  length         up  to  2  mm. 

Gonangium,  maximum  diameter          ...          ...          ...  up  to  1  "5  mm.            * 

liemark. — Leviuseni*^',  iu  his  "  Systematic  Studies  on  the  Sertulariidse," 
refers  iSertularia  bisj)iuu><t(  (Gray)  to  his  new  genus  Udo)i.totheca. 

Loc. — Lord  Howe  Island.  Entangled  with  SertnlareUa  subarticulata 
(Coughtrey). 

Jjiatribatioii. — Previously  recorded  from  New  Zealand  (Gray, 
Hutton,  Lendenfeld)  ;  Brighton,  South  Australia;  Bass  Strait  ?  (Bale)  ; 
Victoria  (Lendenfeld,  Bale,  Mulder  and  Trebilcock)  ;  Indian  Ocean 
(Marktauner-Turneretsclier)  ;  East  coast  of  South  America  (Nutting). 

SkKTULAKIA    MINIMA,   ThompSOII. 

Sertularla   viiniiua,   Bale,  Biol.   Res.   "Endeavour,"   iii.,   5,   1915,   p.   269 

(synonymy). 

Many  small  colonies  belonging  to  this  widely-distributed  species,  and 
averaging  2-3  mm.  in  height,  occur  creeping  over  the  fronds  of  seaweeds. 
The  minute  characters  of  tlie  trophosome  are  quite  typical.  The 
transverse  markings  in  the  hydroi"hiza  in  the  form  of  perisarcal 
thickenings  are  well  developed. 

Mulder  and  Trebilcock^i  have  drawn  attention  to  the  pix-seuce  of  two 
small  external  ajjertures  at  the  base  of  the  chamber  ("  iufrathecal 
chamber")  below  each  pair  of  hydrothecae.  These  apertures  are  small, 
circular  holes  from  which  short,  fragile  tubes  prutrude.  I  have  not  been 
able  to  detect  on  my  specimens  the  presence  of  these  apertures,  which 
Mulder  and  Trebilcock  found  on  their  specimens  from  the  Victorian 
coast.  These  writers,  however,  point  out  that  in  typical  specimens  "the 
tubes  are  nearly  always  absent  ....  and  the  apertures  small  and 
difficult  to  detect.  Sometimes  they  are  missing  altogether."  In  the  case 
of  typical  specimens  from  Port  Phillip,  Victoria,  Bale  found  very  few  of 
these  orifices.  An  examination  of  Kitchie's  sj)ecimens  of  S.  viiuiuia 
obtained  by  the  "  Thetis  "  on  the  coast  of  New  South  Wales  reveals  the 
presence  of  these  orifices  on  several  of  the  interuodes. 

i»  Levinsen — Vidensk.  Medd.  fra  den  naturh.  Foren,  64,  1913,  pp.  273,  308. 
11  Mulder  and  Trebilcock — Geelong  Naturalist,  vi.,  2,  1914.  p.  39. 


38 


RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTKALIAN   MUSEUM. 


Gonosome. — Gonaiigia  are  present  on  several  of  the  colonies.  The 
aperture  of  each  gonaugiuni  is  provided  Avitli  a  narrow  denticulated 
collar. 

Di))ie>isioiis. — 

Total  height          ...         ...         ...         up  to  3  mm. 

Stem  iiiternode,  length  ...          ...          ...          ...  ...  n-31-0-33  mm. 

Stem  internode,  diameter  at  base  of  liydrDtheea  ...  o- 10-0- 12  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  of  external  profile            ...  ...  0-24-0-27  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  of  free  portion     ...          ...  ...  0"l-i-01o  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  of  adnata  portion            ...  ...  U-19-()-21  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  diameter  at  mouth           ...         ...  ...  O-07-0-08  mm. 

Gouangium,  length         ...         ...         ...         ...  ...  1-09-1-2U  mm. 

Gonangium,  maximum  diameter          ...         ...  ...  ()-87-n-88  mm. 

Loc. — Growing  on  seaweeds  tlirown  up  on  the  sandy  beach  uC  the 
lagoon,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Didribntio)!. — Previously  recorded  from  New  Zealand  (Coughtrey)  ; 
Cape  of  Good  Hope  (Allman)  ;  St.  Vincent  Gulf,  Adelaide  (Thompson)  ; 
Victoria  (Bale,  Mulder  and  Trebilcock)  ;  New  South  Wales  (Marktanner- 
Turneretschei',  Ritchie) ;  Port  AVilliam,  Falkland  Islands  ( Jjiderholm)  ; 
Suez  (Thornely)  ;  Deuhani  Bay,  Sunday  Island,  Kermadecs  (Hilgendorf) : 
Southern  Chili,  Fitzroy  Canal  (Jaderholm)  ;  Nuyts  Archipelago,  Great 
Australian  Bight  (Bale). 

Genus  Thuiaiua,  Fleniing. 
Thuiaria  sinuosa,  Bale. 
Tliniaria   siunof^n,   Bale,    Biol.    Res.    "Endeavour,"    iii.,    5,    1915,    ]>.    271' 
(references). 

The  curvature  of  the  li3'drotheca3  is  not  so  pronounced  as  in  the  type, 
but  otherwise  the  specimen  agrees  with  Bale's  descii[)tion  and  hgures. 
Gonangia  ai-e  present  on  the  pinnge. 

Loc. — Middle  Beach,  Loi-d  Howe  Island. 

bistn'lnitluii. — Previously  recorded  from  Port  Molh-,  (^)neeusland 
(Bale)  ;  Jervis  Bay  and  Shoalhaven  Bight,  Ncav  South  Wales  (Ritchie, 
Bale)  ;  Queensclitt'  (P),  Victoria  (Mulder  and  Trebilcock)  ;  Seven  miles 
east  of  Cape  Pillar,  Tasnumia,  lUO  fathoms  (Briggs)  ;  ({real  Australian 
Bight,  100  fathoms  (Bale). 

TuuiAHiA    I  Clin,! I'oi: MIS    (Mafht'iinn'r-'runieretfrh,'!-). 
Dijnatni'iin   I iihitl{for))(is,   MarktanniM--Turnerctscher,   Ami.    I\.K.    Ildfimis. 

Wien,  v.,  1890,  p.  'i^H,  p|.  iv.,  lig.  10. 
Thujaria    tabtdifoniiit',   Billard,    Bull.    Mus.    llistoire    Naturelle,    x.,    ll>04, 

p.  482. 
Tldtidria  tubuliformiX,  Nutting,  .Vmerican  Jlydioids,  pt,  II., — Sertularida:. 

1904,  p.  70,  pi.    xi.,    hgs.'   1-S.      /,/.,   Clarke,   Mem.    Mus.  Comp.  Zool. 

Harvard,   xxxv.,    l!H)7,    p.    14,    pi.    ix.,   Hgs.    1-5.      /./.,    Billard,    Hull, 

Mus.  Histoire  Naturelle,  xiii.,  1907,  p.  275.      /</.,  Wan-en,  Ann.  Natal 

Govt.   Mus.,  i.,  M,  1908,  p.  314,  fig.  12.      Id.,  Thornely,  Journ.    hinii. 

Soc,  xxxi.,  1908,  p.  83.  Id.,  Ritchie,  Proc.  Zool.  Sec,  1910,  ]>.  882. 
Sertularid    regi^r,    Pictet,    Rev.    Suisse   de   Zool.,    i.,    1893,    p.     11,    pi.    ii., 

tigs.  37-38  (not  Thuiaria  viujn',  Thompson). 


llV|ii;ii|l>S — HKKWJS.  '.\9 

Many  specimens  ol'  tliis  species,  tJic  l.irgest  25  mm.  in  height,  were 
obtained.  Tlie  strnctuial  details  agree  more  closely  with  Warren's 
figures  of  Natal  specimens  than  with  those  by  Marktanner-Turneretscher 
and  Nutting.  In  this  I'espect  the  specimens  differ  f  i  om  those  I'ecorded 
hv  Ritclne  from  the  East  Indian  Ocean.  The  characters  agree  in  detail 
with  ^Varren's  description,  except  that  the  hydrothecfe  only  very  seldom 
show  ;i  tendency  to  arrange  themselves  in  gi'oups  towards  the  distal  ends 
of  the  branches.  As  in  Clarke's  Perico  Island  specimens,  some  of  the 
stem  internodes  bear  a  branch  and  thi'ee  hydi^othecse  on  one  side,  and  two 
hydrothecne  on  the  other.  In  rare  cases  opposite  instead  of  alternate 
bi'auches  ai'ise  fiom  the  proximni  stem-internode.       iUynoxoiue  n(»t  present. 

Diiue)isioti>:.- — - 

Height  of  L-ol(iny  ...          ...          ...  ...  ...  ...  up  to  25  mm. 

Typical  stem  interuode,  length  ...  ...  ...              lol  mm. 

Stem  internode,  diameter          ...  ...  ...  ...  0-21-0-31  mm. 

Branch,  length      ...          ...          ...  ..  ...  ...  u}}  to  10  mm. 

Hydrotheea,  length  of  adnate  portion  ...  ...  0-43-0-47  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  of  free  portion  ...  ...  ...  0-14-0'17  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  diameter     ...          ...  ...  ...  ...  O'14-O-lo  mm. 

Sijiioiii/mij. — Pictet  has  ranked  Lhjimiueiin  tithulifninih,  Marktanner- 
Turneretscher,  as  a  synonym  of  'nminria  reii(e,  Thompson.  The  two 
species,  however,  are  quite  distinct,  as  is  shown  by  their  different 
gonangia.  Pictet,  moreover,  has  referred  to  T.  rego'  specimens  from 
Amboyna,  which  clearly  belong  to  T.  tuhidiformis ;  his  desci-iption  and 
figures  of  them  agree  exactly  with  T.  tnbii1lforuii.'<,  and  the  dimensions 
correspond  with  those  given  by  Marktanner-Turneretscher. 

HemurJis. — The  range  of  this  species  must  now  be  extended  to 
include  the  eastern  coast  of  Australia,  as  I  have  recently  collected 
numerous  specimens  on  the  Great  Bari-ier  Reef,  about  the  latitude  of 
Cooktown,  where  it  appears  to  be  the  most  frequently-occurring  Hydroid 
on  the  reefs.  I  have  also  examined  specimens  fiom  Caloundra, 
Queensland,  and  from  Nelson's  Bay,  I'oit  Stephens,  New  Soiith  Wales. 

Lnr. — Middle  Beach,  Lord  Howe  Island.      Common  under  stones. 

TJidrihiitio)}  — Pi'eviously  recorded  from  Dschidda,  Red  Sea  (Mark- 
tanner-Tiarneretschei')  ;  Amboyna,  East  Indies  (Pictet,  as  Sertidana 
i-egce)  ;  Gulf  of  Tadjourah  (Billard)  ;  Bay  of  Bahia,  Brazil ;  Florida, 
between  Salt  Pond  and  Stock  Island  ;  Bahama  Banks,  3-6  fathoms 
(Nutting)  ;  Perico  Island,  Gulf  of  Panama  (Clarke)  ;  St.  Thomas  Island, 
Atlantic  Ocean  (Billard)  ;  Isipingo,  Scottburgh,  Park  Rynie,  Natal 
(Warren)  ;  Suez  Bay,  10  fathoms  (Thornely)  ;  Flying-Fish  Cove, 
Christmas  Island,  Indian  Ocean  (Ritchie). 

Genus  Pasythka,  Lamoiirottx. 

Pasythea  quadridentata   (Ellis  anrt  Sulunder), 

var.  OBLIQUA,  Lamonroiix. 

Ihjiiniiiena  dJiliijnn,  Ijamouroux,  Hist.  Polyp.  Cor.  Flex.,  1816,  p.  179. 
Pasythea  (jiiadridentnta,  Bale,  Proc.   Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales    (2),  iii.,  1868, 
*  p.  770  (part),  pi.  xiv.,  tig.  6. 


40  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

Pasytlieri  qiiadridenfata  (Ellis  and   Solander),  var.  hajpi,  Billard,  Arch,  de 
■  Zool.  exp.  et  gen.  (4),  vii.,  1907,  p.  835,  fig.  vi.  A,  B.       Td.,  Billard, 
Ann.  Sci.  Xat.;  Zool.  (9),  ix.,  1909,  p.  321. 

Growing  upon  the  surface  of  a  seaweed  are  numerous  colonies  whicli 
do  not  exceed  6  mm.  in  height.  Typical  specimens  of  Pastjtlieii 
quadridt'iitntii  have  the  hydrothecae  in  sets  of  one,  two,  or  three  pairs, 
each  pair  in  contact  with  those  above  and  below  in  the  same  set.  In  the 
specimens  which  I  have  referi^ed  to  Pasijtliea  qiiadridentata,  var.  ohllqua, 
the  majority  of  the  internodes  bear  only  a  single  pair  of  hydrothecce  each. 
In  this  respect  the  colonies  do  not  differ  from  a  typical  Seyiularia,  and 
thus  constitute  an  inteiMuediate  link  between  the  typical  Fagytliea  and  the 
true  SertuJaria.  Some  of  the  specimens  have  the  same  disposition  of  the 
hydrothecae  on  the  proximal  part  of  the  stem,  while  at  the  distal 
extremity  the  hydrothecte  on  the  last  two  internodes  are  grouped  in  sets 
of  two  each,  as  in  typical  specimens  of  Pasythea  quadridevfufd. 

The  pi'esent  specimens  also  differ  from  the  typical  form  in  that  the 
apertures  of  the  hydrothecte  are  directed  more  to  the  front  and  have 
blunter  teeth  than  in  the  type,  and  the  joints  between  the  internodes  are 
in  some  cases  simple  and  inconspicuous,  while  in  others  tlie  base  of  the 
upper  internode  runs  down  into  a  point  in  fi^ont,  and  the  top  of  the  lower 
one  is  produced  upwards  into  a  similar  point  at  the  back.  A  similai' 
articulation  sepai'ates  the  basal  portion,  which  is  destitute  of  hydrothecce, 
from  the  remainder  of  the  colony. 

The  specimens  thus  agree  most  closely  with  those  described  and 
figured  bv  Billard^^  from  Mozambique  under  the  name  of  Fdsijthed 
qiiadridenfata,  var.  halei,  and  with  Bale's  figure^-'  (pi.  xiv.,  Hg.  6)  of  a 
colony  fi^om  Boiidi,  New  South  Wales. 

The  transverse  mai^kings  in  the  hydrorhiza,  referred  to  by  Warren  in 
his  description  of  Natal  specimens  of  Pa>tythea  quadrideutata,  are  well 
developed  in  the  present  colonies.  These  markings  are  very  similar  to 
those  which  occur  in  Sertularia  miviiua,  in  the  fo)'m  of  ribs  of  chitin 
I'unning  vertically  up  the  sides  of  the  hydrorhizal  tubes  at  irregular- 
intervals,  and  projecting  across  the  cavity  of  the  tube  foi-  about  a  quarter 
of  its  breadth.  Warren  has  suggested  that  the  occurrence  of  this 
structure  may  be  of  specific  value,  but  Ritchie  has  I'ecorded  its  presence 
in  such  widely-separated  species  as  Pndocoryne  eclinata,  Sertularia 
heterodoiita,  and  PI innularia  lageiiifera,  var.  septifera. 
T)iine)isious. — 

Height  of  colony  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...         ...        up  to  H  nun. 

Stem  internode,  length O-tO-0-49  nun. 

Stem  internode,  diameter  ...  ...  ...     ()-12-019  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  of  external  ]>i'ofile  ..  ...     0-28-0-2!)  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  free  ...  ...  ...  ...     0-15-0-19  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  adnata       ...  ...  ...  ...     O-23-0-24  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  diameter  at  mouth  ...  ...  ...     010-012  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  diameter  at  base  ...         ...         ...         ...     011-0-12  mm. 

Distance  Vietween  two  pairs  of  hydrotliecfe    ...  ...     0'14-0-:U  mm. 

'■i  Billard— Arch,  de  Zool.  exp.  et  gon.  (4),  vii..  1907,  p.  3:^5.  fig.  6. 

1^  Bale— Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales  (2),  iii.,  188S,  p.  770,  pi.  xiv.,  fig.  G. 


irVOROIDS BRIOGR.  41 

Nomenclature. — Dyvamend  (Micjini,  Laiiionroiix,  is  said  by  Billard, 
who  has  examined  the  type,  to  be  identical  with  the  variety  described  by 
him  in  1907  as  I'usi/thea  ijiutdn'dentata,  var.  haJei.  I,  thei-efore,  use 
Lamouroux'  name  iov  this  variety. 

Loc. — Growing  on  a  seaweed  thi^own  up  on  tlie  sandy  beach  of  the 
lagoon,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Distribution. — This  variety  lias  hitherto  been  recorded  only  from 
the  following  localities: — Australia  (Lamotii'oax)  ;  Boudi,  New  South 
Wales  (Bale)  ;  Mozambique  (Billai'd). 

Family  PLUMULARID^. 

Genus  Plumdlaria,  Lamarck. 

Plumularia  balei,  Bartlett. 

(Plate  v.,  tigs.  8-10.) 

Pliimvlaria  halei,  Bai'tlett,  Geelong  Naturalist  (2),  iii.,  4,   li)07,  p.   65, 

tigure.     Id.,  Mulder  and   Trebilcock,  Jhid.   (2),  iv.,   1,   1909,  p.  29, 

pi.  i.,  figs,  l-o   (not  PlumidariK   b(dei,  Billard,  Arch,  de  Zool.  exp.  et 

gen.  (5),  viii.,  1911,  p.  Ixiii.,  fig.  8). 
Piiimularid,  sp.  nov.,  Whitelegge  in  Etheridge,  Mem.   Austr.   Mus.,    ii., 

1889,  p.  41. 

Trophosome. — Hydrophyton  reaching  a  height  of  6  mm.,  mono- 
siphonic,  unbranclied,  bearing  hydrothecae  as  well  as  hydrocladia.  The 
lower  portion  of  the  stem  consists  of  a  varying  number  of  inteinodes 
separated  by  transverse  joints,  the  lower  internodes  being  destitute  of 
appendages,  while  those  nearest  the  cladate  portion  of  the  stem  bear  a 
series  of  several  sarcothecfe.  The  lattei'  internodes  are  separated  by  an 
ax'ticulation  very  oblique  iii  lateral  view,  and  resembling  from  the  front 
two  cones,  the  points  of  which  interpenetrate.  The  hydrocladia  are 
alternate,  each  borne  towards  the  distal  extremity  of  an  internode.  They 
spring  fi'om  one  side  or  the  other  of  each  stem-hj^drotheca,  and  are 
divided  into  alternatel}^  long  and  short  internodes,  of  which  only  the 
former  bear  hydrothecee. 

The  hydrothecae  lie  almost  parallel  with  the  hj'drocladium  in  their 
proximal  portion,  while  the  distal  part  is  curved  outwards.  The  fi'ont 
wall  of  the  hydrotheca  is  deeply  inflected  at  about  its  middle.  There  is 
a  well-developed  anterior  intrathecal  ridge  proceeding  from  about  the 
middle  of  the  front  of  the  cell,  and  extending  a  little  more  than  half-waj' 
across  the  cavity.  The  border  of  the  hydrotheca  is  undulate,  peaked 
behind  and  in  front,  and  with  a  small  lateral  tooth-like  projection 
opposite  the  peduncle  of  the  supi'acalycine  sarcotheea.      The  back  is  free. 

The  sarcotheea?  are  bithalamic,  canaliculate  ;  one  in  front  of  each 
hydr»theca,  fixed,  curved  over  and  almost  appressed  to  the  hydrotheca ; 
one  slightly  smaller,  fixed,  between  every  two  hydrothecae,  on  the 
intermediate  internode;  one,  fixed,  in  the  sinus  behind  the  back  of  each 
hydrotheca;  and  one  at  each  side  of  a  hydrotheca  borne  on  a  long 
slender,  tubular  peduncle,  and  projecting  beyond  the  boi'der  of  the 
hydrotheca.  These  supracalycine  sarcothecfe  have  the  whole  of  one 
side  open. 

Gonosome  not  observed.  Tbe  gonangia  aie  described  by  Mulder  and 
Trebilcock  as   "  Gonothecae — male,  ovate  slightly  longer  than  hydrothecje, 


42  RECORDS  OP  THE  ArSTRALTAN   Ml'SKI'M. 

bearing  one  sarcotlieca  near  base  ;  female,  about,  twice  as  long  as 
hydrothecfe  and  almost  as  broad  as  long,  ovate,  truncate,  bearing  four 
sarcotlieca?  near  base,  margin  thickened,  operculate."  According  to 
measurements  deduced  from  Mulder  and  Trebilcock's  figures,  the  male 
gonangium  has  a  length  of  075  mm.,  and  a  maximum  diameter  of 
050  nun.,  while  the  female  gonangium  is  1-35  mm.  in  length,  and 
117  mm.  in  maximum  diameter. 

Stem  mternode,  length 0-26-0-29  mm. 

Stem  internode,  diameter         ...  ...  ...  ...  008-010  mm. 

Hydroclade,  length         uptol-4mm. 

Hydroclade  theoate  internode,  length  0-21-0-22  mm. 

Hydroclade  intermediate  internode,  length...  ...  008-012  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  depth         0-22-0-2-i  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  diameter  at  mouth  ...         ...         ...  0  23-0  24  mm. 

These  measurements  do  not  agree  veiy  closel}-  with  those  deduced 
from  Mulder  and  Trebilcock's  figure,  but  they  coriespond  with  those  of 
Victorian  examples  in  the  Australian  Museum  collection.  The  specimen 
from  Lord  Howe  Island  otherwise  agrees  with  the  same  authors' 
description  of  this  i^are  species. 

Remarh:<. — An  examination  of  Whitelegge's  slide  listed  as  "  Pluniu- 
laria,  sp.  nov.  P  "  from  Loid  Howe  Island,  shows  it  to  be  identical  with 
Plumularia  bulei,  Bartlett. 

Loc. — Middle  Beach,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Distribntion. — Previously  recorded  only  from  the  following  localities 
on  the  Victorian  coast — Bream  Creek,  Geeloug ;  Queeuscliff  ;  and  Airey's 
Inlet  (Bartlett). 

PuLMOLARiA   lU'SK'ii,  Bale. 

FluDiular'ni    hiifil-il,   Bale,   Biol.   Res.   "  Endeavour,"   iii.,   5,    1915,    p.    296 
(synonymy). 

Several  specimens  of  this  species  were  obtained,  which  do  not  differ 
in  any  important  paiticulai'  from  the  type.  The  characteristic  male  and 
female  gonangia  are  present  on  some  of  the  colonies.  The  male  gonangia 
aie  small,  and  are  borne  on  the  hydrocladia.  They  ai'e  ovate,  with  a 
sarcotlieca  at  each  side  near  the  peduncle.  The  female  gonangia  are 
large,  about  three  to  three  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  the  male 
gonangia,  and  are  borne  on  the  stem.  In  the  female  gonangia  the 
sarcothecse  are  arranged  in  two  series  on  the  dorsal  surface.  Each  series 
generally  consists  of  five  or  six  sarcothecee ;  the  lowei-  ones  are  fairly 
evenly  spaced,  but  towards  the  distal  extremity  the  interval  becomes 
leduced,  and  the  uppermost  two  are  brought  veiy  close  togethei'. 
Besides  the  parallel  series  of  sarcotlieca^,  a  single  sarcotheca  occupies  a 
median  position  near  the  summit  of  the  gonangium. 

Villi  evsions. — 

Gonangium  (male),  length      ...         ...  ...  ...  0-52-0-64  nun. 

Gonangium  (male),  maximimi  diametei-  ...  ..  0-22-0-24  mm. 

Gonangium  (female),  hmgth  ...          ...  ..  rSO-l-QOmm. 

Gonangium  (female),  maximum  breadth  ..  .  0-82-0-87  mm. 

Loc. — Middle  Beach,  Lord  Howe  Island. 


iivniioiDs — Binncs.  43 

Distribution. — Pteviously  leoorded  fiuni  Griffith  Point,  Victoria 
(Bale);  Laysau  Island,  Hawaiian  Archipelago  (Hartlaub);  Gulf  of 
Manaar,  Ceylon  (Tliornely)  ;  Flying-Fish  Cove,  Christmsis  Island,  Indian 
Ocean  (Ritchie)  ;  East  Indies  (Billard)  ;  Tasmania  (Briggs)  ;  Great 
Australian  Bight;   South  Australia;  Bass  Strait  (Bale). 

Plumulabia  sPiNnLOSA,  Bale. 
Phnnnlaria   spimdosu,   Bale,   Jonrn.    Micro.    Soc.    Vict.,   ii.,    1882,   p.   42, 
pi.    XV.,    tig.    8.      Id.,    Bnle,    Cat.    Austr.    Hydroid    Zoophytes,    1884, 
p.     139,     pi.    xii.,    fig.    11-12.       III.,    Tjendenfeld,    Pioc.    liinn.    Soc. 
N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1885,  p.  475.     Id.,  Bale,  Ihid.  (2),  iii.,  1888,  p.  788, 
pi.    xix.,    fig.    11-13.      /(/.,    Warren,    Ann.    Natal    Govt.    Mus.,    i.,    3, 
1908,  p.  320.      ^7.,  Mulder  and   Trebilcock,  Geelong  Naturalist   (2), 
iv.,  4,  1911,  p.  123,  pi.  iii.,  fig.  9,  9a. 

Specimens  of  this  minute  and  delicate  species  occur  creeping  over  the 
surface  of  seaweeds.      The  colonies  do  not  exceed  6  mm.  in  height.      The 
hydrothecfe    approach    most    closely    those    of    Bale's    figure^'^    (pi.    xix., 
fig.   11)   of  a  specimen   from   Coogee,   New   South   Wales,   in   which    the 
hydroclades  terminate  in  a  blunt  conical  point  at  the  level  of  the  margin 
of  the  hydrotheca,  instead  of  being  produced  upwards  into  an  incurved 
spine.     The  transverse  markings  of  the  liydrorhiza,  to  which  Bale  and 
Warren   refer,  are  here   well  developed   as  thickenings  of    the  perisarc 
which  project  into  the  interior  of  the  hydrorhizal  tubes. 

Warren    states    that    the    gonosome    is    unknown.      Bale,    however, 
figures^s  the  gonangia  and  refers  to  them  as  "  very  large,  ovate,   truncate 
above,  and  with  the  margin  rather  widely  everted."     According  to  meas- 
urements deduced  from  Bale's  figures  the  gonangia  have  a  length  of  1*05- 
1"1  mm.,  and  a  maximum  diameter  of  0"46-0"47  mm. 
Dinieiisiniis. — 

Stem  internode,  length  .. .  ...  ...  ...  ...     0'26-0"29  mm. 

Stem  internode,  diameter  ...  ...  ...     0"04-0'05  mm. 

Hydroclade,  length         0-26-0-28  mm. 

Hydroclade  thecate  internode,  length  ...  ...     0-22-0-23  mm. 

Hydi'oclade  intex-mediate  internode,  length...  ...     0-04-0 -05  mm. 

Hydi'oclade  internode,  diameter         ...  ...  ...     0"03-0"05  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  depth  0-12-0-14  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  diameter  at  mouth  ...  ...  ...     0"14-0"17  mm. 

Loc. — Growing  on  sea-weeds  thrown  up  on  the  sandy  beach  of  the 
lagoon,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Distrihutioii. — Previously  recorded  from  Queenscliff,  Victoria  (Bale)  ; 
Timaru,  New  Zealand  (Lendenfeld)  ;  Coogee,  New  South  Wales  (Bale)  ; 
Park  Rynie,  Natal  (Warren)  ;  Barwon  Heads,  Victoria  (Mulder  and 
Trebilcock). 

Genus  Halicornakia,  All  man. 
HaLICORNARIA    ASCJDIOIDES    (Hale). 

(PI.  vi.,  fig.  3.) 

Aglaophetiia  ascidioides,  Bale,  Jouru.  Micro.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  1882,  p.  32,  pi. 
xiii.,  fig.  5. 

i-i  Bale— Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S. Wales  (2),  iii.,  1888,  p.  783,  pi.  xix.,  fig.  11. 
15  Bale— Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales  (2),  iii.,  1888,  p.  783,  pi.  xix.,  figs.  12-13. 


44  RECORDS  OK    THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

HaUconuiri((  ascidiuides,  Bale,  Cat.  Austr.  Hydroid  Zoophytes,  1884,  p. 
176,  pi.  xiii.,  fig.  2,  pi.  xvi.,  tig.  1.  Id.,  Bale,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict, 
(n.s.),  vi.,  1894,  p.  106,  pi.  v.,  fig.  1. 

A  number  of  tinbi'auched,  simply  pinnate  colonies  were  found 
together  with  a  large  branched  specimen,  10*5  cm.  in  height,  with  hmg 
hydrorhizal  tubes  at  the  base.  The  specimens  are  mature  and  bear  well- 
developed  gonangia,  which  spring  from  the  bases  of  the  hydrocladia.  The 
characters  agree  in  detail  with  Bale's  descriptions  except  that  the  colonies 
are  much  largei-  than  the  Victorian  specimens,  which  usually  attain  a 
height  of  about  two  inches  (5  cm.). 

Hydroclade-bearing  internode,  length           ...  ...  0-i7-0--i9  mm. 

Hydroclade-beariiig  internode,  diameter       ...  ...  0'4.0-0 -42  mm. 

Hydroclade  internode,  length  ...          ...          ...  ...  0'24-0-28  mm. 

Hydi'oclade  internode,  diameter         ...          ...  ...  0'17-0'21  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  depth         ...         ...         ...         ...  ...  Oly-0-21  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  breadth  at  inouth  (lateral  aspect)  ...  0"  14-0 -15  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  free  portion  mesial  sarcotheca  0  22-0'24  mm. 

Gonangium, length          ...          ...          ...          ...  ...  0-y5-l"13  mm. 

Gonangium,  maximum  width  ...          ...          ...  ...  0'40-0-54  mm. 

hoc. — Thrown  up  on  the  sandy  beach  of  the  lagoon.  Lord  Howe 
Island. 

Distrihation. — Previously  recorded  from  Queenscliff  and  Port  Phillip 
Bay,  Victoria  (Bale).  Whitelegge^*'  has  recorded  the  occurrence  of  this 
species  at  Maroubra  Bay  and  Coogee  Bay,  New  South  Wales. 

Halicornakia  prolifera  (Bale). 

Aijlaophein'a  prolifera,   Bale,   Journ.   Micro.   Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  1882,  p.  34,  pi. 

xiv.,  fig.  5. 
HalicoriKiria   prolifera,   Bale,    Cat.    Austr.   Hydroid  Zoophytes,   1884,    p. 

188,  pi.  xiv.,  fig.  1,  pi.  xvi.,  fig.  10.      Id.,  Ritchie,  Mem.  Austr.  Mus., 

iv.,  16,  1911,  p.  858,  pi.  Ixxxv.,  fig.  2,  3. 

A  number  of  branching  specimens,  11  cm.  in  height,  are  chai"acterised 
by  the  shortness  of  their  mesial  sarcothecae,  which  are  considerably 
abbreviated  reaching  only  to  the  level  of  the  anterior  hydrothecal  tooth. 
In  this  character  the  specimens  agree  with  those  originally  described  and 
figured  (pi.  xiv.,  fig.  5)  by  Bale  (1882)  from  QueensclifP,  Victoria,  although 
later  (1884)  he  showed  that  in  robust  and  well-developed  specimens,  the 
mesial  sarcothecae  are  much  longer  and  curved  gracefully  forwards. 

Loc. — Thrown  up  on  the  sandy  beach  of  the  lagoon.  Lord  Howe 
Island. 

Distrihiitioii. — Previously  recorded  from  Queenscliff,  Victoria  (Bale)  ; 
Southern  coast  of  New  South  AVales  (Ritcliie). 

Genus  AcLAOi'iiENiA,  LanwitroN.v. 
Aglaoi'henia  divaricata  (Busk). 
Aglanpheuia  divaricata.  Bale,   Biol.    Res.   "Endeavour,"    iii.,   5,    1915,   p. 
309  (synonymy). 

'«  Whitelegge— Proc.  Koy.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxiii..  188lt.  p.  194. 


HVUKOihs — i;iv'i(i(is. 


45 


There  are  a  few  typical  colonies  of  tliis  form,  the  largest  i-oacliing  a 
height  of  17'5  cm.      (jounsdiiie  not  pi'esent. 

Loc. — Thrown  np  on  the  sandy  beacli  of  the  lagoon,  Lord  Howe 
Island. 

Distrihntiou. — Previously  I'ecorded  from  Bass  Strait  (Busk,  Allman, 
Bale);  Swan  Island,' Banks  Strait  (Busk);  Tasmania  (Kii'chenpauer, 
Briggs,  Bale)  ;  Victoria  (Kirchenpauer,  Bale,  Marktauner-Turneretscher)  ; 
South  Australia  (Bale)  ;  New  South  Wales  (Bale,  Ritchie). 

AOLAOPHENIA    HOWENSIS,    lirigtJS. 

Aglaopheiiia  hotrt'iisiK,  B]'iggs,  see  ante,  p.  27,  pi.  v.,  fig.  1-2,  pi.  vi.,  fig.  1. 
llalicornaria,  sp.   nov.,  Whitelegge  in  Etheridge,  Mem.   Austr.  Mus.,  ii., 

1889,  p.  41. 

An  examination  of  Whitelegge's  specimens  listed  as  "  Halicoruaria, 
sp.  nov.?"  from  Lord  Howe  Island  shows  them  to  be  identical  with 
Ayhiopheiiia  Jiuivensts,  Briggs. 

Loc. — Middle  Beach,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

AgLAOPHENIA    PARVUl.A,    Bah. 

AciJao]}](enia  jxtrvida,  Bale,   Journ.  Micro.   Soc.  Vict.,   ii.,  1882,  p.  35,  pi. 

xiv.,  fig.  o,  3a,  3b.     Id.,  Bale,  Cat.  Austr.  Hydroid  Zoophytes,  1884, 

p.  165,  pi.  xiv.,  fig.  3,  pi.  xvii.,  fig.  10.      Id.,  Bale,   Trans,   and   Proc. 

Roy.  Soc.  Vict.,  xxiii.,  1887,  p.  97.      Id.,  Bale,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.   N.S. 

Wales  (2),  iii.,  1888,  p.   790.     Id.,  Marktanner-Turueretscher,  Ann. 

K.K.   Hofmus.   Wien,  v.,   1890,  p.  269.     Id.,  Bale,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc. 

Vict,  (n.s.),  vi.,   1894,   p.    105.      Id.,  Vanhoffen,   Deutsche   Siidpolar 

Exped.,  Bd.  xi.,  Zool.  iii.,  Hydroiden,  1910,  p.  335,  fig.  47. 

On  the  surface  of  a  sea- weed  there  occurred  a  hydrorhiza  from  which 
sprung  three  monosiphouic,  uubranched,  simply  pinnate  colonies,  the 
largest  11  mm.  in  height.  The  minute  characters  agree  in  detail  with 
Bale's  diagnosis  and  figures  of  a  specimen  from  Queensclif¥,  Victoria. 
The  colonies,  however,  are  somewhat  smaller  than  those  originally 
described. 

Dimensions. — 

Hydroclade-bearing  internode,  length  ...  ...  U-17-0-22  mm. 

Hydroclade-bearing  internode,  diameter      ...         ...  013-0'14  mm. 

Hydroclade  interuode,  length 0-23-0-24  mm. 

Hydroclade  internode,  diameter         ...  ...  ...  0  06-0  07  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  depth  0-24-0-26  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  breadth  at  mouth  ...  0-lo-0-17  mm. 

Loc. — Growing  on  a  sea-weed  thrown  up  on  tlie  sandy  beach  of  the 
lagoon.  Lord  Howe  Island. 

Biatrihution. — Previously  recorded  from  Queenscliff ;  Portland ;  and 
Port  Phillip,  Victoria  (Bale)  ;  Port  Jackson  (Bale)  and  Kiama,  New 
South  Wales  (Marktanner-Turneretscher)  ;   St.  Paul  Island   (Vanhoffen). 

Genus  Thecocakpus,  Nulling. 
Thecocarpus  brevirostris  (Bask). 
Plurmdaria  hrevlrostris,  Busk,  Voy.  "Rattlesnake,"  i.,  1852,  p.  397. 


46  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN   MUSEUM. 

Aglaoyheiiia  brevirostris.  Bale,  Cat.  Austr.  Hydroid  Zoophytes,  1884,  p. 
169.  Id.,  Kirkpatrick,  Sci.  Proc.  R.  Dnkin  Soc.  (n.s.),  vi.,  1890,  p. 
611.  1(7.,  Billard,  C.  R.  Acad.  Sci.,  cxlviii.,  1909,  p.  368.  Id.,  Bale, 
Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict,  (n.s.),  xxvi.,  1,  1913,  p.  135,  pi.  xiii.,  fig.  7-9. 

Thee  oca  rpiis  hrevirostriti,  Billard,  Anu.  Sci.  Nat.,  Zool.  (9),  xi.,  1910,  p.  51, 
fig.  24.  Id.,  Billard,  Les  Hydroides  de  I'Exped.  du  Siboga,  i., 
Plnmtilariidae,  1913,  p.  89,  fig.  Ixxv. 

Aglaopheuia  heterocarint,  Bale,  Joarn.  Micro.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  1882,  p.  30 
(note). 

Aglaophevia  vitiana,  Bale,  Cat.  Anstr.  Hydroid  Zoophytes,  1884,  p.  153 
(Not  I'lninidari((  vltiinui,  Kirchenpauer). 

Aijhtopheniu  vuddivensi^,  Borradaile,  Fauna  and  Geogr.  Maldive  and 
Laccadive  Archipel.,  ii.,  1905,  p.  843,  pi.  Ixix.,  fig.  8-8b. 

HaUcornaria,  sp.  nov.,  Whitelegge  in  Etheridge,  Mem.  Anstr.  Mns.,  ii., 
1889,  p.  41. 

A  single  simply  pinnate,  unbranched,  unfascicled  colony,  11  mm.  in 
height,  represents  this  species,  which  was  originally  described  by  Busk 
under  the  name  of  Flnmidaria  hrevirostris,  from  Cumberland  Island, 
Queensland.  The  minute  characters  of  the  hydrothecse  agree  with  Bale's 
recent  diagnosis  and  figures,  except  that  the  constriction  of  the  hydi'otheca 
is  much  less  abrupt  than  that  shown,  and  in  this  respect  the  hydrotheca 
approaches  most  closely  the  condition  of  that  figured  by  Bori-adaile  and 
by  Billaid.  Such  hydrothecae  occur  in  the  specimens  from  Murray 
Island  and  from  Fiji,  but  Bale  has  found  that  "  in  both  cases  the  majority 
are  of  the  more  abruptly  bent  type." 

DiDieii^idiift. — 

Hydroclade-bearing  internode,  lengtli  ...  ...  0-22-0-28  mm. 

Hydroclade-bearing  internode,  diameter  ...  ...  Oi;^-015  mm. 

Hydi'oclade  internode,  ler<jth...          ...  ...  ...  0-24.-0-28  mm. 

Hydroclade  internode,  diameter         ...  ...  ...  0'07-U'()8  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  depth          ...           ..          ...  ...  ...  0-26-0-27  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  breadth  at  mouth            ...  ...  ...  0-09-0  10  mm. 

Hydrotheca,  length  free  portion  mesial  sarcotheca  0"07-0"08  mm. 

BemurJi.t. — An  examination  of  Whitelegge's  slide  listed  as  "  Halicor- 
naria,  sp.  nov.  ?  "  from  Lord  Howe  Island  shows  it  to  be  identical  with 
Thecocarpux  brevirostrix  (Busk). 

The  range  of  this  species  must  be  extended  to  the  Kermadecs  as  I 
have  recently  examined  a  specimen  from  Denham  Bay,  Sunday  Island, 
Kermadec  Islands. 

Lor. — Lord  Howe  Island. 

Distribution. — Previously  recorded  from  Cumberland  Island,  Queens- 
land, 27  fathoms  (Busk)  ;  Fiji  (Bale)  ;  Murray  Island,  Ti)rres  Strait,  15- 
20  fathoms  (Kiikpatrick)  ;  Hulule,  Male  Atoll,  Maldive  Islands  (Borra- 
daile) ;   East  Indies  (Billard). 


UYDROIDS I51UGGS.  47 

III. AUDEN'HUiM. 

An  examination  of  the  co-types  of  tlie  species  described  by  Hilgeu- 
dorf''  under  the  names  of  Aijlaophenia  f  x  and  Ai/litoplieuia  t  y,  from  the 
Iveimadec  Islands,  has  enabled  me  to  assign  these  species  to  their  correct 
j)Ositions. 

Family  PLUMULARID^. 

Genus   Halicornaria,    Viusk. 

Hatjcohnauia  hians,  Busk. 

Iluliconian'd   hl((ns    (Busk),    Billard,   Les   Hydroides   de   I'Expedition   du 
Siboga,  i., — Plumulariidae,  1913,  p.  QS  (synonymy). 

Ayluopheuia  ^  v,  Hilgendorf,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,  xliii.,  1910  (1911),  p.  543, 
hg.  5. 

The  co-type  of  the  species  described  by  Hilgendorf  as  Aglaoplienia  I 
y  agrees  with  Bale's^^  description  and  figures  of  Halicoryiaria  hians  (Busk), 
except  for  the  greater  length  of  the  thecate  internodes  compai"ed  with 
their  diameter,  the  greater  depth  of  the  hydrothecse  and  their  more  erect 
posture,  and  the  greater  distance  of  the  intrathecal  ridge  from  the  base  of 
the  hydrotheca.  In  these  characters  the  specimen  comes  nearest  to  the 
variety  described  by  Ritchie^'^  from  the  Andaman  Islands  as  Halicornaria 
hians  (Busk),  var.  prufuuda.  I,  therefore,  ai-range  the  synonymy  as 
above,  following  Billard  in  including  Ritchie's  variety  in  the  synonymy  of 
H.  hia)is. 

Loc. — Denham  Bay  beach,  Sunday  Island,  Kermadec  Islands. 

Genus  Lytocarpus,  Allnum. 

LyTOCARPUS  PHCENieEUS,  Bush. 

Lytucarpns  phamiceus   (Busk),  Billard,  Les  Hydroides  de  I'Expedition  du 
Siboga,  i., — Plumulariidge,  1913,  p.  74,  fig.  Ix.   (synonymy). 

Aglaopheitia  f  x,  Hilgendorf,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,  xliii.,  1910  (1911),  p.  542, 
fig.  4. 

The  co-type  of  the  species  described  by  Hilgendorf  under  the  rrame 
of  Aijlaojjlienia  f  x  agrees  exactly  with  the  descriptions  and  figures  of 
Lytucarpns  phoeiiiceiis,  Busk.      I,  therefore,  arrange  the  synonymy  as  above. 

Loc. — Denham  Bay,  Sunday  Island,  Kermadec  Islands. 

17  Hilgendorf— Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,  xliii.,  1910  (1911),  pp.  542,  543.  fig.  4,  5. 

i»  Bale— Cat.    Austr.   Hydfoid  Zoophytes,  1884,  p.   179,   pi.  xiii.,  fig.  6,  pi.  xvi., 
fig.  7. 

19  Ritchie— Rec.  Indian  Mus.,  v.,  1,  1910,  p.  24,  pi.  iv.,  fig.  13,  14. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  V. 

Fig.  1.  Aglaopheuia  howeiisis,  Briggs,  portion  of  hydroclade  with  hydro- 
thecee,  lateral  aspect.  Di'awu  from  the  holotype  from 
Middle  Beach,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

2.  Aglaofhenia  hoirensii:,  Briggs,  portion  of  hydi'oclade  with  hydi'o- 

thecae,  anterior  aspect.      Drawn  from  the  holotype. 

3.  Aglaophenopsis  vaga,  Briggs,  portion  of  hydroclade  with  hydro- 

thecse,   lateral    aspect.      Drawn   from     the     holotype     from 
off  Botany  Bay,  New  South  Wales,  50  fathoms. 

4.  Aglaa'phenopsis  vaga,  Briggs,  portion  of  hydroclade  with   hydro- 

thecae,  anterior  aspect.      Drawn  from  the  holotype. 

5.  Aglaopheuopsis  vaga,  Briggs,  proximal  internode  of  hydrocladinm 

with  phylactogonium.      Drawn  from  the  holotype. 

6.  Aglaopheuopsis  vaga,  Briggs,  gouaugium  seen    in  lateral  aspect. 

Drawn  from  the  holotype. 

7.  AglaoplteKopsis  vaga,  Briggs,  gonangium  seen  in  frontal  aspect. 

Drawn  from  the  holotype. 

8.  Plnmularia  balei,  Bartlett,  portion  of  hydroclade  with  hydro- 

thecee,  lateral  aspect.     Di'awn  from  a  specimen  from   Lord 
Howe  Island. 

9.  Fluruularia  halei,  Bartlett,  female  gonangium  (after  Mulder  and 

Trebilcock). 
10.     Plwmuhiria  halei,  Bartlett,  male  gonangium   (after  Mulder  and 
Trebilcock). 


KKC.  AISTK.  MIS..  \()1>.  X  I  I . 


Pl,AI  K  \' 


E.  A.  Bk1(,(;s,  Anstr.  Mas.,  de 


EXPLANATION  OP  PLATE   VI. 


Fig.  1.      Acjlaophpuia    JioweiisiK,   Briggs.      Photogi'aph   of   the   holotype,    6 
cm.  in  height,  from  Middle  Beach,  Lord  Howe  Island. 

2.  AgJaophenoj^sis  vaga,  Briggs.      Photograph  of  the  holotype,  16  cm. 

in    height,    from    off  Botany    Bay,    New    South    Wales,    50 
fathoms. 

3.  Halicornarla  asciilioides  (Bale).      Photograph  of  a  specimen,  10"5 

cm.  in  height,  from  Lord  Howe  Island. 


KKC.  A^sTl^  Mrs.,  vol.  xii, 


I'l.ATK   VI, 


E.  A.  Bi;i.ii;s,  Austr.  Mus.,  pliotn. 


TWO   HKMAKKAHhK  (!OKALS   FFiOM  THU    DMVOMAN  OK 
NKW    SOUTH    WAI.KS 

(SpciKjoii/itjIlinii  liahitiitvide^,  and  Cohniniarid  iiciiiiiuilicii^ix.) 

m 
K.    KriiK.i;iiM!h;,   Juiu-.,  Director  and  (-uratfn-. 

(  Plates  vii.-ix.) 
I. — A   MoXSEi'TATK    Si'OXCdi'nviJ.r.M    (SiioiKjophijUKiii    li(iIysit(i{(Jr.<.} 
A    peculiar    and     abnormal    Si>i>iHjoplnjUiiiii     of     remarkably    simple 

ERRATUM.  and  a   quarter  inches 

,f  the  Australian  Museum,  Vol.  xii,  No.  4,  p.  49,  line  7,  >  '^J^*^  ^^^^J'  *^^'^^  ^^P^^^' 

polygonal  and  vary 
Id  read  ^j^^.  ^^  gj^  millimetres  ; 

)NSEPTATE    Spongophytjj'm    (S/JongnphijU  1(1)1   hahjsifoule'^) .  Is   of    tlie    I'espective 

cui-AiiiLets,  wen  iieiiiicii  iiin.i  oiiuiig,  ni.\^  %JLL%.  oiiiiviijg,  ^eatuie  of  this  coral. 

In  a  trausveise  view  each  corallite  looks  as  if  its  polygonal  outline 
was  composed  of  a  string  of  minute  shuttle-like  figures,  swelling  and  con- 
tracting alternately.  Within  each  calice,  and  continuously  throughout 
the  successive  visceral  chambers  in  descending  order,  this  structure  is 
actuall}'  caused  by  the  deep  and  regular  fluting  of  tlie  walls.  Looking 
down  on  these  walls  from  above,  and  shutting  one's  eyes  to  the  interior 
vescicular  structiare,  the  resemblance  to  the  meandering  corallite  lines  in 
Hidysites  is  truly  astonishing,  hence  the  specific  name  I  have  applied  to 
this  coral. 

There  is  the  usual  tripartite  structure,  although  the  demarcation  is 
ill-defined.  Immediately  within  the  fluted  walls  is  (by  comparison)  a 
broad  peripheral  zone  of  variously  shaped  vesicles,  some  large,  others 
small.  This  is  followed  by  the  intermediate  zone,  or  cycle,  which  by 
rights  should  be  septate.  It  is  extremely  narrow,  not  always  present 
even,  but  when  so,  of  a  peculiar  structure,  to  be  referred  to  later.  In 
some  corallites  certainly,  a  few  rudimentary  short  septa  do  occur,  slightly 
projecting  into  the  central,  and  wliat  in  an  ordinary  Rugose  coi-al  would 
be  the  tabulate  area  ;    here,  however,  it  is  purely  vesicular. 

In  a  longitudinal  section  all  that  is  necessary  to  notice  particularly 
is  the  structure  of  what  would  be  the  septate  zone  and  the  centi'al  area  ; 
in  passing,  attention  may  be  called  to  the  very  varied  form  of  the  pei'i- 
pheral  vesicles.  From  PI.  viii.,  fig.  3,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  intermediate 
zone  is  really  a  tabulate  area,  without  any  mural  investment,  but  depend- 
ing for  its  demaication  on  the  convex  surfaces  of  the  distal  peripheral 
vesicles  and  the  latei-al  surfaces  of  those  of  the  central  area.  It  is  trans- 
versely diA'ided  by  floors,  mostly  horizontal,  but  as  they  are  parts  of  an 
area  at  times  slightly  septate,  may  be  spoken  of  as  dissepiniental  vesicles. 
Finally,  the  central  area  of  each  corallite  of  one  or  more  ranges  of  egg- 
shaped  vesicles,  their  longitudinal  diameters  being  the  greater. 

I  know  of  no  Australian  Spoiignphyllnvi  with  a  structure  at  all 
approaching  that  of  this  coral,  viz.,  the  fluted  condition  of  tlie  corallite 
walls,  and  practically  the  lack  of  septa. 

Loc. — Road  near  Beedle's  Farm,  Moonbi,  Co.  Inglis,  New  South  Wales. 

//o/-._Middle  Devonian? 


TWO   HKMAKKABl.E  COKAI.S   FFiOM  THK    DEVONIAN  OF 
NKW   SOl'TH    WALKS 

(Spoiniojihiilhiiii  Ind i/nifdidex,  aiul  Col iiiinutrid  tiniii tKihi'iixi^.) 

i;v 
K.    Ml  iiKiMixiK,   Juiii-.,  Director  and  Curatf)!'. 

(Plat-es  vii.-ix.) 
I. — A   MoXSKTTA'lK    SvO\(iul'HVM.l".M    (S[ioii(jophi/JI i( in    liiilyyu'tdide^.) 

A  peculiar  and  abmn-nial  S/xnuioiiliijH nm  of  remarkably  simple 
structure  and  septaless. 

Tlie  specimen  consists  of  a  small  corallnm  two  and  a  quai'ter  inches 
by  one  inch,  evidently  only  a  portion  of  a  larger  mass,  and  with  the  upper 
surface  beautifully  weathered.  The  corallites  are  polygonal  and  vary 
much  in  size,  the  average  diameter  being  from  four  to  six  millimetres  ; 
they  are  tirmly  amalgamated  laterally.  The  walls  of  the  respective 
corallites,  well  defined  and  strong,  are  the  striking  feature  of  this  coral. 

In  a  transverse  view  each  corallite  looks  as  if  its  polygonal  outline 
was  composed  of  a  string  of  minute  shuttle-like  figures,  swelling  and  con- 
ti'acting  alternately.  Within  each  calice,  and  continuously  throughout 
the  successive  visceral  chambers  in  descending  ordei",  this  structure  is 
actually  caused  by  the  deep  and  regular  fluting  of  the  walls.  Looking 
down  on  these  walls  from  above,  and  shutting  one's  ej'es  to  the  interior 
vescicular  structure,  the  resemblance  to  the  meandering  corallite  lines  in 
Hidysifes  is  truly  astonishing,  hence  the  specific  name  I  have  applied  to 
this  coral. 

There  is  the  usual  tripartite  structure,  although  the  demarcation  is 
ill-defined.  Immediately  within  the  fluted  walls  is  (by  comparison)  a 
broad  peripheral  zone  of  variously  shaped  vesicles,  some  large,  others 
small.  This  is  followed  by  the  intermediate  zone,  or  cycle,  which  by 
rights  should  be  septate.  It  is  extremely  narrow,  not  always  present 
even,  but  when  so,  of  a  peculiar  structure,  to  be  referred  to  later.  In 
some  corallites  certainly,  a  few  rudimentary  short  septa  do  occur,  slightly 
projecting  into  the  central,  and  what  in  an  ordinary  Rugose  coral  would 
be  the  tabulate  area  ;    here,  however,  it  is  purely  vesicular. 

In  a  longitudinal  section  all  that  is  necessary  to  notice  particularly 
is  the  structure  of  what  would  be  the  septate  zone  and  the  central  area  ; 
in  passing,  attention  may  be  called  to  the  very  varied  form  of  the  peii- 
pheral  vesicles.  From  PI.  viii.,  fig.  8,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  intermediate 
zone  is  really  a  tabulate  area,  without  any  muial  investment,  but  depend- 
ing for  its  demarcation  on  the  convex  surfaces  of  the  distal  peripheral 
vesicles  and  the  latei'al  surfaces  of  those  of  the  central  area.  It  is  trans- 
versely divided  by  floors,  mostly  horizontal,  but  as  they  are  parts  of  an 
area  at  times  slightlv  septate,  may  be  spoken  of  as  dissepimental  vesicles. 
Finally,  the  central  area  of  each  coi'allite  of  one  or  more  ranges  of  egg- 
shaped  vesicles,  their  longitudinal  diameters  being  the  greater. 

I  know  of  no  Australian  Spoiujopln/Jltivi  with  a  structure  at  all 
approaching  that  of  this  coral,  viz.,  the  fluted  condition  of  the  corallite 
walls,  and  practically  the  lack  of  septa. 

Loc. — Road  near  Beedle's  Farm,  Moonbi,  Co.  Inglis,  New  South  Wales. 

Hor. — Middle  Devonian  r* 


50  K?:coi;i)s  ok  ihf.  austkalian  muiseum. 

II. — A  Species  of  Coluiinidria  v\icn\    ihe  New    Souih  Wales   Devomax. 

The  corallnm  iu  this  coral  is,  in  accordance  with  the  more  tvpical 
sti'Tictiire  of  Colam.naria,  composite  and  massive,  iu  this  instance  boliti- 
form  in  shape,  measuring  six  and  a  half  inches  by  five.  The  straight 
prismatic  polygonal  corallites,  tirraly  xinited  to  one  another  laterally  have 
an  average  diameter  of  3  mm.,  sometimes  increasing  to  4  mm.  The 
corallite  walls  are  well  developed,  unthickened  with  stereoplasma,  and 
the  primordial  walls  constantly  visible  in  the  structural  sclereuchyma. 

The  septa  aie  plain  and  non-denticulate,  primary  and  secondary,  but 
irregular  iu  development.  The  normal  number  appears  to  be  twenty, 
the  average  fifteen  inclusive,  whilst  twelve  is  not  an  uncommon  number. 
The  full  number  of  twenty  is  much  less  than  that  seen  in  the  type  species, 
C  alveohitd,  in  which  there  are  from  twelve  to  fifteen  in  both  series, 
primary  and  secondary. 

The  irregularity  in  the  septal  development  is  remarkable.  The 
primary  septa  (1)  may,  or  may  not,  reach  the  calicinal  centre;  (2)  are 
rarely  straight,  but  usually  more  or  less  curved  ;  (3)  two  or  three  contig- 
uous lamellae  may  unite  near  the  centre,  or  at  half  the  distance  between 
the  latter  and  the  corallite  wall  and  there  stop  short,  thus  forming 
fasciculate  bundles  more  or  less  ;  (4)  those  that  arrive  at  the  calicinal 
centre  appear  to  become  confused  with  one  another,  hardly  an  inter- 
mingling, and  cei-tainly  no  i^evolution  ;  (5)  exceptionally  several  may 
unite  at  the  centre,  as  many  as  six  have  been  counted,  but  there  is  no 
appearance  whatever  of  a  St.  George  cross  as  in  the  genus  Sfduria.  The 
secondaiy  septa  (1)  may  be  about  half  the  length  of  contiguous  primaries  ; 
(2)  reduced  to  mere  tooth-like  pi'ojections ;  (3)  often  not  developed  at 
all  between  any  two  primaries  ;  (4)  two  instead  of  one  may  occupy  such 
«  position. 

This  union  of  two  or  three  primary  septa  at  or  near  the  calicinal 
centre  certainly  occurs  in  the  type  species  C.  alveohitd,  Goldfuss,^  and 
again  in  0.  cdliciuK,  Nicholson,^  but  extreme  irregularity,  as  described 
above,  is  not  seen  in  any  illustrations  I  have  access  to. 

Altliough  the  primcn-dial  corallite  walls  are  preserved  tliose  of  the 
septa  are  not  so.  Thei-e  is  no  ti'ace  whatever  of  dissepimental  tissue 
within  the  interseptal  loculi. 

When  examined  in  longitudinal  section,  the  lamellar  nature  of  the 
septa  is  at  once  made  apparent.  The  tabulae  are  complete  and  horizontal, 
but  slightly  deflected  at  the  extreme  pei-ipheries,  and  on  same  plane  iu 
contiguous  corallites  ;   neither  convex   noi"  concave  flc)ors  were  obsei'ved. 

The  structure  of  this  cox-al  is  obviously  that  of  <  'nl inmntrin,  as 
depicted  by  Nicholson,  and  following  him,  by  Ijambe.  The  only  valid 
difference  I  can  see  is  the  often  actual  extension  of  the  septa  to  the  centres 
of  the  visceral  chambers,  the  confusion  I  pi-eviously  mentioned  being 
perhaps  due  to  stress,  of  which  evidence  is  certainly  present.  It  is  pro- 
posed to  call  it  Coliiuinaria  tieiiiiniiheusis. 

1   Nicholsdii— Tall,  ('..rals  I'al    I'.-ri...!.  JSTit,  j.l.  x.,  H^'.  2. 

-'   l,aiiilie— <"«iiitril>.  Caiiailiaii   I'al  .  ii..  pt.  ii.,  I'.tOO,  ])1.  vi.,  ti^.  I. 


COlv'Ar.S    KI.MIAI    rHK    nKVOMAN   Ml'   NKW    Stil    111    \\AI.H> I-  I  H  K IM  HCK.  51 

From  Colaiinian'd  (tl reahtUi,  GuhUuss,  and  ('.  linJli,  Nicliolson,  the 
present  coral  is  distinguislied  by  a  much  less  number  of  septa,  and  trom 
the  latter  also  by  the  tact  that  the  septa  are  plain  and  non-denticulate 
along  the  free  edges.-'  The  mode  of  growth  iu  another  American  species, 
('.  riKjosa,  Billings,  is  quite  diffex-ent — "an  aggregation  of  circular  or 
I'ounded  polygonal  coiallites,"*  and  the  septa  amount  to  forty.  C.  cdlicliM, 
Nicholson,  is  a  more  diminutive  species,  the  corallites  comparatively  lax 
and  discrete  in  their  mode  of  growth,  with  an  average  of  twenty-eight 
septa.  C.  dit<ji(iicta,  Wliiteaves,  is  an  extreme  form  of  the  genus  in  which 
the  coi'allites  are  generally  free,  with  usually  thirteen  septa. '^  Several 
other  American  species  have  been  described,  but  I  regret  I  have  not 
access  to  the  literature  bearing  on  them. 

In  1897  I  described  a  small  coral,  for  whicli  I  was  indebted  to  the 
late  Rev.  Father  Dowling,  then  of  Bathurst,  and  to  which  I  gave  the 
name  of  C.  pattciseptataj^  There  are  certain  anomalous  characters  in  this 
coral,  but  on  the  whole,  I  have  not,  up  to  the  present,  seen  any  reason  to 
change  the  generic  reference.  A  second  Australian  species  occurs  in 
Victorian  rocks,  C.  cre^isireUi,  Chapman,  for  whicli  the  author  suggested 
the  sub-generic  title  of  Luijolop)hylluviJ  but  the  species  is  clearly  not  a 
typical  Cohnnnaria.  Mr.  Chapman  wrote: —  "The  intermediate  calicular 
pouches  [interseptal  loculi]  are  traversed  in  the  outer  zone  by  endothecal 
or  vesicular  tissue  iu  the  form  of  curved  dissepiments,  the  latter  rudely 
concentric."  This  structure  so  entirely  departs  from  that  typical  of 
('olam.)uiria  that  I  would  suggest  to  Mr.  Chapman  the  advisability  of 
considering  his  name  of  generic  rather  than  sub-generic  rank. 

Several  European  species  exist,  sucli  as  G.  snlcnla,  Lonsdale  (non 
Goldfuss),*^  found  in  Russia  ;  C.  [lothlandica,  Ed.  and  H.,'-*  and  possibly  the 
species  referred  by  Dybowski  to  his  genus  G yatliopliyll oi den }^ — G.fusciculiis, 
Kutoi'ga,  and  G.  irregular  in,  Dybowski.  The  two  first-named  are  clearly 
of  the  type  of  G.  aveolata,  and  therefore  quite  distinct  from  the  present 
species. 

Loc. — Portion  181,  Pa.  Nemingha,  Co.  Parr}",  Tamworth  District, 
New  South  Wales. 

Hor. — Devonian  ;   Lower  Limestone  of  series. 

Gollector.—C.  Cullen,  1899. 

^  Lambe — Loc.  rit.,  p.  100. 

■•  Lambe — Loc.  cit.,  p.  lOl. 

''  Whiteaves — Contrib.  Canadian  Pal.,  I.,  pt.  iv.,  p.  269,  pi.  xxxiv.,  tiijs  3-3b. 

•'  Etheridge— Kec.  .Austr.  Mus.,  iii.,  No.  2,  1897,  P-  30,  pi.  viii. 

'  Chapman — Eec.  (ieol.  Survey  Vict.,  iii.,  pt.  'S,  1914,  p.  806,  pi.,  li.,  ti^s.  15  and  16 

'^  Lonsdale — Miirchison's  Geol.  Russia  and  Ural  Mts.,  L,  pi.  A.,  tigs.  1,  ]a-c. 

'■'  Edwards  .t  Haime— Polyp.  Foss   Terr.  Pal.,  1850,  p.  309,  pi.  xiv.,  figs.  2  and  2a 

"  Dybowski— Archiv.  Liv.-Ehst.-Kiirlands,  v.,  lief.  3,  1873,  p.p.  380-81. 


EXPLANATIOX    OF    ri.AlK    VII. 


Spungoplivlluiu  lialvsitoides,  Et/i.  til- 
Fig.  1.      Weathered   surface  of  portiuu  of  a  curalluni.      Witli  the  aid  of  a 
pocket  lens,  and  iu  some  of  the  corallites  eveu  without,  the 
Hnctuatiiig  walls  of  the  latter,  reseiiihling   the   structure  of 
tlie  corallites  in  //(f/_//.s)7e.s,  are  distinctly  visible. 

2.  Transverse  section  prepared  for  the  microscope  exhibiting  the 
same  features  as  in  Fig.  1,  especially  at  the  left  hand  corner 
of  the  section.  Also  the  peri])heral  vesicular  /one  of  each 
corallite,  the  non-septate  inteiniediate  aiea,  and  the  central 
vesicular  space — x  8  diam. 

o.  Similar  longitudinal  section.  It  will  be  iu)ticed  tlial  wliat 
should  be  the  intermediate  septal  aiea  /one  is  I'eally  a 
tabulate  area  supported  without  and  within  by  convex 
surfaces  of  the  peripheral  and  central  vesicles  resj)ectively 
— X  8  diam. 


KKC.  AISTK.  Mi:S.,  \'()L.  X  I L. 


Plaik  VII. 


Messrs.  Iv  A.  15i;i(;i;s  and   11.  (i.  (riiocn,  photos. 


kxi'I.axa'udx    i)F   im.atk   viii. 


Colniiiiinrin  iieiiiiiieflieiisis,  Eth.  jll. 
The  oonilluni  seen  iVdiii  above. 


KKC.  AISTK.  MIS.,  \()1;.  Xll. 


Pl.ATK   \lll, 


('.  ('i.rrnix,  Ansti-.  Mus.,  photo. 


K  XI' I, A  NATION    OF    I'LA  1  K     IX. 


Ct)luiiiiiaria  iiemingliensis,  I'jtii.  til. 

Fig.  1.      Transverse  section,  ])re|>are(1    for   tlie    niicr(_)Scope,  exliilnfinrr  tlie 
variabilitv  in  tl:e  anangenient  of  flie  scjita — x  ."!.',  diani. 

2.      Longitiulinal    section    displaving   tlie   lamellar  septa  and   tabulae 
— X  8i  diani. 


KKC.  AlS'l'ir  MI'S.,  \'()h.  Xl 


I'l.ATK    IX. 


il  .    (i.    (iiHHll,   lllicl'd-lilioio. 


STLDIKS    IN  AUSTRALIAN  TAUANIl)^ 

liY 

Fi.'.WK   H.  'I\\vi,(ii;,  F.lvS.,  The  Austi'aliau  Tnstitute  of  Tropical  Medicine, 

Townsville. 

Tlie  lollowiiig'  papoi'  is  ilie  i-csult  oC  an  examination  of  the  TabauiddP 
in  tlio  Aiistialian  Mnseiini,  Sydney,  which  comprises  one  tiiindred  and 
twelve  specimens  repieseiiting  forty-six  s])ecies  and  four  varieties 
referable  to  seven  genera. 

Twelve  species  and  fotir  varieties  are  described  as  new,  while  tlie 
males  of  I'Jrc^^Jmpfiis  ciiierHfi,  Ricai'do,  Diatowiliicnru  piilcJnut,  Ricai'do,  and 
'rnbtoius  po.'^tpo^tei/s,  AValker,  are  also  described  for  the  first  time.  Notes 
on  pi'eviously  known  forms  are  added  where  necessary. 

The  new  species  are  distributed  in  the  followiiig  genera  : — En^/iJuiiisis 
(two  and  one  var.),  Dintoniiveitnt  (three),  I'elecorhijiicJnn:  (two),  Sllviiis 
(one),  Ectevop^'is  (one  var.)  and  Tuhaiiiit'  (four  and  two  vars.). 

One  synonym  is  noted  and  one  name  is  changed,  on  the  gi^ounds  of 
priority,  though  they  have  no  connection  with  the  material  under  review. 

The  type  specimens  are  in  the  Australian  Museum.  One  paratype  is 
in  the  Institute  Collection. 

This  paper  brings  tlie  number  of  known  Australian  Tabanidre  to  one 
hundred  and  eighty-eight  species  and  five  varieties,  which  are  distributed 
in  fifteen  genera. 

I  wish  to  thank  the  Trustees  and  Mr.  R.  Ktheridge,  Junr.,  Director 
and  Curator,  of  the  Australian  Museum,  for  giving  me  the  opportunity  to 
study  these  forms. 

Sub-family  PANGONINyE. 

PeLBCORHVNCHUS    DISTIXCTUS,    .s^^'-   "«'"• 

$.      Length,  14;   width  of  head,  4.5;   length  of  wing,  18.2  mm. 

A  handsome  well-mai^ked  species  easily  identified  by  its  warm  black 
thorax  with  lateral  yellowish-brown  stripes ;  thoi-ax  bright  orange-rufous 
with  a  median  black  stripe.  Legs  I'eddish-yellow,  tarsi  paler.  Wings 
with  dusky  brown  and  orange  spots. 

Head. — Face  and  cheeks  buff,  the  former  very  convex,  with  a  short 
median  dark  stripe,  an  almost  quadrate  brown  blotch  beneath  the  stripe 
and  with  a  larger  nude  reddish-bi'owu  patch  on  either  side  of  the  apex  of 
the  middle  third,  grooves  separating  face  and  cheeks  deep;  pubescence 
long,  mixed  black  and  white,  the  latter  more  numerous  basally ;  beard 
white,  dense ;  front  buff,  ocellar  triangle  and  base  of  antennae  dusky 
brown,  pubescence  on  ocellar  ti'iangle  black,  long  ;  first  joint  of  antennne 
black,  with  long  bi'ownish  pubescence,  second  joint  yellowish,  third  joint 
bright  orange-rufous  ;  palpi  pale  I'eddish-j-ellow,  second  joint  with  long 
white  pubescence  ;   eyes  black,  bare  ;    proboscis  dark  brown. 

Tlioni.r. — Warm  black  with  a  sub-median  and  lateral  pale  yellow 
ochre  stripe  on  each  side,  the  former  continued  to  posterior  margin  of  the 
scutellum;  pubescence  black,  pale  on  the  sides,  white  beneath  the  shoulders, 
beneath  and  behind  the  wing  roots  ;  scutellum  warm  black  in  the  centre, 
pale  yellow-ochre  elsewhere,  posterior  pubescence  white  on  the  sides, 
brownisli  in  the  middle  ;   pleura?  black  with  grey  pubescence. 


54  RECORDS  OF  TIIK  Al'STRALIAN   MUPEFM. 

Abdomen. — Orange-rufous  with  a  median  black  stripe  extending  to 
the  middle  of  the  penultimate  segment,  lateral  margins  widely  reddish- 
brown,  dark  brown  on  the  first  segment  ;  venter  dark  reddish-brown, 
lateral  pubescence  white,  long. 

Le.gg Femora  and  tibia*  reddish-yellow,  tarsi  wamn  huff;  pubescence 

reddish-yellow,  paler  on  the  tarsi. 

Wi^igs. — Dusk}'  brown  with  the  upper  half  deeper  hued,  the  apex  of 
the  i-adial,  the  cubital  cell  and  portion  of  the  apex  of  the  apical  cell  clear, 
with  clear  patches  in  the  first,  second,  fourth  and  fifth  posterior  cells,  the 
discoidal,  anal  and  the  auxiliary  cells,  with  an  orange  spot  reaching  from 
the  costa  through  the  subcostal  into  the  cubital  cell  ;  veins  brown  ;  no 
appendix  present ;  halteres  dark  brown. 

Ohf!. — Described  from  two  specimens.  This  species  belongs  to  the 
fulvHs-mirahilis  group  of  Felecorhynchiiti,  but  may  be  readily  sepai'ated 
from  P.  mirahilis,  Tayloi%  by  its  different  facial  and  thoracic  mai^kings  and 
the  color  of  the  legs.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  P.  fidvits,  Ricardo, 
by  the  rus.'<et  colored  thorax,  abdomen  and  wings,  and  by  the  black  legs 
with  yellow  tarsi. 

Hah. — Doi'rigo,  New  8outh  Wales.  (Collector  and  donor. — R.  .T. 
Tilljard). 

PeLECORHYKCHUS    TILLVARDI,  Xp.   )HIV. 

9.      Length,  16.5  ;   width  of  head,  5  ;   length  of  wing,  1;>  mm. 

A  striking  species  owing  to  its  black  color.  First  aiul  second  joints 
and  base  of  third  joint  of  the  antenna'  black;  the  next  four  annul! 
warm-buff,  and  remaining  annuli  black.  Wings  black.  First  and  second 
abdominal  segments  with  dense  white  pubescence. 

Head. — Pace,  cheeks  and  front  black  with  grey  tomentum,  pubescence 
black  ;  beard  black  ;  groove  between  face  and  cheeks  deep  ;  palpi  black, 
pubescence  black,  long  ;  antennae  with  the  first  two  joints  and  base  of 
third  black,  next  four  annuli  wai'm  buff,  remaining  annuli  black  ; 
pubescence  on  the  first  two  joints  black,  scanty  ;   ocelli   prominent. 

Thofu.v. — Black  with  two  broad  median  gi'ey  stripes  teiniinating 
at  the  posterior  margin  of  the  thorax  with  a  short  wedge-shaped  black 
stripe  in  each  grey  (uie  from  the  posterior  mai'gin  of  thorax  and  a  narrow 
black  stripe  separating  the  grey  ones  ;  pubescence  black,  lateral  pubescence 
long  and  a  tuft  of  white  hairs  behind  the  wing  roots  ;  pleurjie  black  with 
black  pubescence. 

Abdomen. — Black,  first  segment  with  dense  wliite  pubescence,  except 
in  the  centre,  where  it  is  black,  second  segment  with  a  basal  lateral 
triangular  patch  of  white  pubescence,  i-emaining  segments  shining  black, 
pubescence  black,  fairly  long  on  sidi's  of  fourth  segment  ;  venti'i  black 
with  black  pubescence. 

Legs. — Black,  pubescence  black,  fairly  long  on  the  femora. 

Wivg>t. — Black,  veins  black,  all  cells  open,  no  appendix. 

Ohd. — Described  from  a  single  specimen  whicli  is  al)iindantly  distinct 
from  all  other  known  species  of  Pclerorln/iirliic'  on  account  of  its  general 
colour.  It  affords  me  great  jilensui-c  to  dedicate  this  handsome  species  to 
its  discoverer. 

Jhih. — Dorrigo,  New  South  Wales.  (Collector  and  ilonor. —  K.  .1. 
TillvaiMl) 


STl'niKS   IX  Al'STI.'AIJAN  TAllAXI  HI-: lAVl.dl!.  55 

PELECOTJTIYNCHFf!    FUSC'OXKlKi;,   Wnl/.-Pf. 

List.  Dipt.,  i.  (1848),  p.  192   [?  Silvins]   et.  v.,   Supj)!.   1.   (Ls51).  p.  267, 
[Dasybasis]  ;   Ricardo,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  v.  (1910),  p.  107. 
//t,/,.l_AV()o,U'(ii-a,  Now  Snntli  Wales. 

P KL KCui; II V xciirs   x 1 1 ; i; \vk n n i .--,  lu'rnrdd. 

Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  v.  (1910),  p.  405. 

Oh:'. — This  appears  to  be  a  widely  distributed  species  being  fonnd 
from  Southern  Queensland  to  Tasmania. 

Ilnh. — Kboi',Ne\v  Soutli  Wales.  (Collector  and  donor. — R.  .1.  Tillyard); 
Stradbroke  Island,  Queensland.      (Collector. — J.  C.  Bridwell). 

EUKI'HOI'SIS    ClXETiKA,    Rli'Uvdo. 

Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  2(3. 

(J.  Length,  11  ;  width  of  head,  4.5  ;  length  of  wing,  10;  proboscis, 
4  mm. 

Lower  third  of  eyes  with  small  facets ;  antenna*  blackisli-brown,  first 
two  joints  with  long  black  hairs  ;  palpi  black  with  second  joint  slightly 
longer  thau  the  first,  ending  in  a  blunt  point,  pubescence  black,  a  dirty 
white  at  base  of  first  joint. 

Thorax. — Lateral  boi'ders  with  long  black  pubescence,  and  long  white 
hairs  from  wing  roots  to  scutellum. 

Ahdonieti. — First  segment  clothed  with  grey  pubescence,  sides  of 
second  to  sixth  segments  with  apical  gi'ey  pubescence. 

0/w. — A  very  distinct  species,  the  long  stem  of  the  first  posterior  cell 
and  the  large  stigma  being  very  distinctive. 

Hah. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

ErEPHOI'SIS    XEOIlUCOLOi;,  sp.  vor. 

$.  Length,  10.5-11;  width  of  head,  4;  length  of  wing,  10.5; 
proboscis,  5.5-6  mm. 

A  small  species  with  black  thorax,  brown  abdomen  with  median 
stripe;   the  cross-veins  shaded  brown  and  with  brown  legs. 

Head. — Face  convex,  i^eddish-brown,  cheeks  darker  with  grey 
tomentum,  pubescence  black ;  front  black,  tomentum  ashen,  vertex  about 
half  as  wide  as  base,  pubescence  black,  no  frontal  callus  ;  eyes  covered 
with  dense  pale  pubescence  ;  antennae  red,  first  two  joints  paler  than  third 
with  long  black  pubescence,  apex  of  third  black  ;  palpi  red,  second  joint 
concave  and  longer  than  first,  pubescence  black  :  beard  dense,  creamy- 
white  ;   proboscis  long,  black. 

Thorax. — Black,  clothed  with  mixed,  erect  black  and  scattei^ed 
appressed  golden  hairs,  lateral  borders  with  long  black  and  cream  colored 
haixs  and  pale  ones  behind  the  wing  roots  ;  scutellum  similar  to  thorax ; 
pleui'se  black,  covei'ed  with  pale  pubescence. 

Ahdonteii. — Reddish-brown,  the  fourth  to  the  apical  segments  blackish, 
segmentations  pale,  segments  one  to  three  with  median  square  black  spots 
not  reaching  the  posterior  borders,  all  segments  with  traces  of  median 
pale  apical  hairs,  pubescence  black,  golden  on  the  segmentations  and  at 
the  sides  ;   venter  reddish -bi'own,  pubescence  yellowish. 


56  ^  TJECORPS  OF  THE  ArsTRALTAX  Mr^iEU^F. 

Legs. — CoxfB  black  with  long  pale  pubescence,  femora  and  tibire 
reddish-brown,  tarsi  darker,  pubescence  black. 

Wings. — All  the  cross- veins  shaded  brown,  the  cells  on  the  inner 
half  of  the  wing  mainly  clear,  rest  slightly  tinged  with  brown  ;  stigma 
yellow;  a  small  appendix  present;  the  fii'st  posterior  cell  closed  a  short 
distance  from  the  border. 

Ohs. — ^A  small  species  closely  related  to  E.  tricolor,  Walker,  but  may 
be  separated  from  it  by  its  different  front,  abdomen  and  wings.  It  is  also 
close  to  E.  ihihli,  Ricardo,  but  differs  in  the  thorax,  legs  and  wings. 

Hah. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

Erepuopsis   gemina,  Widl-er. 

List.  Dipt.,  i.  (1848),  p.  1:58;     Ricardo,   Ann.    Mag.   Nat.   Hist.    (8),    xvi. 

(1915),  p.  24. 

Hab. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Austi^alia.  (CoUectoi-. — 
G.  Masters). 

Erephopsis   gibbula,  lT^(//.e/-. 

List.  Dipt,  i.  (1848),   p.   140;   Ricardo,   Ann.  Mag.   Nat.   Hist.    (8),   xvi. 

(1915),  p.  22. 

Hab. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Austi'alia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

Erepuopsis  sdbmacula,  Wall-er. 

List.  Dipt.,  i.   (1848),   p.    142;    Ricardo,   Ann.   Mag.   Nat.   Hist.   (7),   v. 

(1900),  p.  115. 

Represented  by  a  single  specimen,  which  agrees  fairly  well  with 
Ricardo's  description.  The  face  lacks  the  black  square  ma)k  above  the 
palpi ;  the  first  three  abdominal  segments  have  lateral  white  pubescence, 
very  pi'onounced  on  the  first  and  reduced  to  a  small  patch  on  the  third  ; 
venter  with  interrupted  white  bands  on  the  second  to  f(Hirtli  segments. 

Hah. — Western  Australia. 

Erephopsis  MAcm.iPEXXis,  Maci[uart. 

Dipt.  Exot.,  Suppl.  iv.  (1849),  p.  20;   Ricardo,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8), 

xix.  (1917),  p.  209. 

A  (J  specimen  labelled  as  above  shows  scnne  discrepancies  both  from 
the  original  and  Miss  Ricardo's  descrijitions  in  as  much  as  the  black  spots 
on  the  abdomen,  which  is  entirely  testaceous,  are  absent,  as  is  also  the 
appendix  on  the  wing.  Fii'st  two  joints  of  the  antennre  red-hicnvn,  the 
third  reddish-yellow,  apex  dai-kei".      The  beard  is  tawny. 

Hah. — South  Australia. 

I'h.'Kl'IIOPSlS     LA>liil'll  I  IIAI.MA,    IlnlsdliraL 

Voy.  "Astrolabe,"  Zool.    ii.    (18;{2),    ]).    tJGi!,    [Paiigonial  :    Ricardo,    Ann. 

Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xix.  (1917),  j).  210. 

Ohs. — Four  specimens  agree  very  well  with  Miss  Ricardo's  description 
of  this  species.  They  show  that  the  naiiowing  of  the  first  postoi-ior  cell 
at  the  border  is  a  variable  character ^ — one  specimen  has   it    harely   cIosimI 


SILIMKS   IN   AlsrUAMAN  TAIiAMIi.K TAYl,(li;.  57 

ou  one  wing,  ou  the  other  wing  the  tirst  posterior  cell  has  a  distinct  petiole. 
Aiiotlier  specimeu  shows  a  distinct  petiole  to  the  tirst  posterior  cell  ou 
both  wings. 

Uuh. — Moonbar  anil  .lindabyne,  NeAV  South  ^Vales.  (Collector. — 
K.   Helms). 

1^ji;ki'IU)I'S1s  vicixa,  ><p.  nov. 

$ .  Length,  1-i  ;  Avidtli  of  head,  5.5  ;  length  of  wing,  14  ;  jn'oboscis, 
5  mm. 

A  species  with  clear  wings  ;  tliorax  Avith  Hve  grey  stripes  ;  abdomen 
mainly  reddish-broAvn  with  black  spots  in  the  middle  of  the  second  and 
third  segments  and  lateral  golden  pubescence  on  the  thorax  and  abdomen  ; 
legs  reddish-brown. 

Head. — Face  and  cheeks  covered  Avith  grey  tomentum  and  long  grey 
hairs  mixed  with  scattered  black  ones  ;  beard  orange ;  first  joint  of 
antennge  swollen,  long,  black,  base  red-brown,  second  joint  dark  red-brown, 
base  of  third  red-brown,  annuli  black,  pubescence  on  tirst  two  joints  black, 
long  and  dense  ;  palpi  black,  second  segment  considerably  longer  than  tirst, 
tapering  to  a  blunt  point,  apex  reddish,  pubescence  creamy- white,  dense; 
proboscis  black  ;  eyes  covered  watli  dense  black  pubescence. 

Thorax. — Black,  reddish-brown  above  wing  roots,  with  three  grey 
stripes  on  the  anterior  half  and  one  on  either  side  above  the  wing  roots 
on  the  posterior  half ;  pubescence  ou  lateral  borders  black  on  the  anterior 
half  and  a  dense  row  of  orange  hairs  beneath  the  black  ones  the  whole 
length  of  the  thorax,  there  is  a  tuft  of  grey  hairs  behind  the  wing  roots  ; 
scutellum  black ;  pubescence  black ;  pleura  with  grey  tomentum  and 
pubescence. 

Abdumen. — First  segment  black,  sides  red-brown,  second  red-brown 
with  an  apical  lateral  patch,  third  black  with  red-brown  flecks,  fourth  and 
fifth  black,  segmentations  red-brown ;  second  segment  with  a  median 
black  spot,  segments  one  to  three  with  traces  of  orange  haii'S  medianally, 
lateral  pubescence  orange  ;  venter  black,  segmentations  red-brown,  pubes- 
cence grey  and  black,  that  on  segmentations  pale,  yellowish  towards  apex. 

Legs. — Coxae  blackish  with  grey  pubescence  ;  femora,  tibise  and  tai'si 
red-biT)wn,  pubescence  black,  grey  on  upper  surface  of  femora. 

W'nuj^. — Clear,  basal  half  of  fore  border  and  base  3'ellowish,  cross- 
veins  at  base  of  third  vein  and  discal  cell  tinged  brown  ;  veins  dark  brown, 
stigma  yellow  ;   no  appendix. 

Ohs. — A  species  most  nearly  related  to  E.  anreuhirta,  Ricardo,  but 
differs  in  the  color  of  the  antennas,  palpi  and  legs,  and  the  ornamentation 
of  the  thorax  and  abdomen. 

f/('7>.— Went  worth  Falls,  New  South  Wales.  (Ct)llector  aiid  donor. — 
A.  Musgrave). 

Var.   GEOKOil,  car.  nor. 

9.  Similar  to  the  type  but  the  beard  is  yellow  instead  of  orange; 
the  lateral  fringe  of  orange  hairs  on  the  thorax  and  abdomen  is  replaced 
by  yellow  ones,  with  black  ones  above  on  the  abdominal  segments,  longest 
on  the  third  and  fourth  segments. 


58'  KECOKDS  OF  THE  AL'^i'KALIAN   .Mr:-EL"M. 

The  frout  is  about  oue  third  broader  anteriorly  tliau  at  vertex  and 
black  with  black  pubescence  ;  first  two  joints  of  antenna?  dusky-brown, 
I'est  red-brown  ;  palpi  black,  second  joint  red-brown  above,  concave,  ending 
in  a  tine  point ;  basal  half  of  femora  black.  Tlie  spot  on  the  wing  is  also 
more  prominent. 

Obs. — The  above  differences,  in  the  absence  of  fresh  material,  do  not, 
to  my  mind,  warrant  the  variety  being  raised  to  specific  rank. 

Hah. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

EuEi'Hoi'sis  .lACKSOxi,  Mac(2U(irt. 

Dipt.  Exot.,  i.    (1838),    p.    102  ;    Ricardo,    Ann.    Mag.    Nat.    Hist.    (7),    v. 

(1900),  p.  117. 

Obs. — Two  specimens  before  me  may  jjrobably  belong  to  this  species. 
One  specimen  bears  label  "  Erephopsts  ?  jacl-soni,  Mcip'"  in  Miss  Ricardo's 
handwriting. 

The  Queensland  specimen  is  somewhat  abraded,  but  I  am  unable  to 
separate  it  specifically  from  the  Western  Australian  form. 

Hah. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters)  ;   Queensland. 

DlATOMlXEUKA    .1 ACKSGXEXSIS,     LiUerht. 

Voy.  de  la  "  Coquille,"  ii.,  pt.  2  (1830),  p.  289;  Ricardo,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat. 

Hist.  (8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  27. 

Ohs. — A  specimen  in  the  collection  agrees  too  closely  witli  the 
description  of  this  species  to  separate  it  specifically  in  the  absence  of  more 
numerous  material. 

Hah. — South  Australia. 

UlAroMIXEUKA    (lAdATlXA,    Ili<J"t. 

Mem.  Soc.  Zool.  Fr.,  V.  (1892),    p.    G20  ;    Ricardo,    Ann.    Mag.    Nat.    Hist. 

(8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  33. 

Ohs. — I  identify  three  specimens  as  tlie  above  species  wliich  agree  in 
all  esentials  witli  Miss  Ricai'do's  decription.  There  is  a  prominent  tuft 
of  orange-colored  hair  benenth  the  wing  I'oots  of  wliicli  no  mention  is 
made  in  the  descriptions. 

Hah. — Gayiulah,  QueensUind.  (Collector. — G.  Masters)  ;  Magnetic 
Island,  Cleveland  Bay,  (i)ueensland.      (Collector. — F.  H.  Taylor). 

DiAlo.MIXKLL'A    CVKISlEi;,  Sfi.   HOC. 

(J.      Lengtli,  11.5-12;   width  of  head,  4;   length  of  wing,  !'.5  mm. 

A  small  handsome  blackish  s])ecies  with  reddish-yellow  markings  on 
the  abdomen  ;  antennae,  jialpi  and  tliorax  black  ;  legs  bhick  and  irddish- 
In-own  :  wings  shaded  brown  on  fore  border;  abilonu'ii  dark  chocdlati' 
brown. 

Ht'iiiJ. —  Face,  and  cheeks  hhick,  piilx'sri'tuH'  iihick  and  ci-i'ani  eohiivd, 
the  Former  mainly  on  (he  cheeks;  beard  cream-coloivd  ;  anteniuv  black, 
first  two  segments  with  grey  tomentum  and  black  ])ubescence,  base  of 
thii'd  oblong,  its  sides  parallel,  its  base  reddish-brown  :  palpi  l)lack,  with 
long  black  pubescence  ;   e3es  black,  pubescence  black. 


SirniKS   IN   .\1STI;AI,IA\  iAl;ANIl>,K — tayi.ok.  59 

Tliiir<(.r. — Black  witli  iiulicatiuiis  of  two  submccliaii  grey  stripes,  one 
ou  either  side,  lateral  bonU'is  with  black  pubescence,  ))ale  beliiiid  the 
wings;  pleurae  black,  tonientum  and  pubescence  grey;  scutellum  dark 
chocolate  brown. 

Abdomen. — Dark  ciiocolatc  brown,  pubescence  dark,  pale  on  the 
segmentations,  all  the  segments  with  reddish-yellow,  lateral,  posterior 
blotches,  with  pale  pubescence,  smallest  on  the  last  three  segments  ;  venter 
reddish-brown,  pubescence  pale. 

Leys. — Coxa?,  femora  and  tarsi  black,  basal  half  of  tibia?  reddish- 
brown,  I'est  black  ;  pubescence  on  coxa?  and  Femora  above  at  base  pale, 
elsewhere  black. 

WiiKj". — Orrey,  veins  on  fore  half  and  cross-veins  at  base  of  discal  cell 
shaded  brown,  except  anterior  branch  of  third  vein  ;  first  posterior  cell 
widely  open  at  border  ;   no  appendix  ;   stigma  brown  ;   haltei'es  black. 

Oh!<. — A  very  distinct  and  striking  species  on  account  of  its  abdominal 
ornamentation.  One  of  the  two  specimens  bears  a  label  by  Miss  Ricardo 
"  Diatoiiiiiieiini  sp.,  near  (jeiaella,  Wek." 

Hith. — King  George  Sound,  •  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

DiATOiMINEUKA    I'ULCHRA,  Ricardo. 

Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  35. 

(J.  Length,  9.5;  Avidth  of  head,  3.5  (vix)  ;  length  of  wing,  9; 
proboscis,  2  mm. 

Head. — Face  and  cheeks  covered  with  yellow  tonientum  and  mainly 
black  Avitli  scattered  yellow  pubescence  ;  face  with  a  deep  median  furrow, 
the  grooA^e  deep  between  the  face  and  cheeks  :  palpi  orange-yellow,  first 
joint  short,  swollen,  less  than  half  the  length  of  the  second  which  ends  in 
a  blunt  point  ;  pubescence  scanty,  yellowish  ;  first  two  joints  of  antennae 
with  yellow  tomentum  and  black  pubescence  ;  pubescence  on  eyes  pale  ou 
the  sides,  dark  elsewhere. 

Thorax. — Similar  to  that  of  the  female. 

Abdomen.. — Similar  to  2,  but  the  golden-yellow  haired  stripe  is  also 
present  on  the  first  two  and  fifth  segments  in  addition  to  the  third,  fourth 
and  sixth  segments. 

Legs. — Ileddish-j'ellow,  tai'si  darker,  femora  appeal-  yelloAv  in  some 
lights  ;  pubescence  black. 

Wings. — Greyish,  first  posterior  cell  not  narrowed  at  the  border. 

Obs. — This  specimen  is  labelled  by  Miss  Ricardo  as  "  perhaps  the 
uudescribed  (J  of  L).  pulchra,  Ric."  It  is  so  similar  in  appearance  to  the 
2  that  I  describe  it  as  such. 

Hub. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

DiAToMiXKUKA  nuEVinosTUis,  Maapiurt. 

Dipt.  Exot.,  Suppl.  iv.   (1842),  p.  32<J  ;  Ricardo,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist- 

(8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  28. 

Obs. — The  South  Australian  specimens  were  identified  by  Miss 
Ricardo — the  Long  Flat  specimens  are  identical. 

Hah. — South  Australia.  Long  Flat,  Hastings  River,  New  South 
Wales  ;      (Collector  and  donor. — A.  R.  McCulloch). 


60  RECOKli:-  f)F  THE  Al'Sl  KALIAN   MUHEUM. 

DlA'l'OMlNEUKA    I;E(;IS-L4E0KUII,    sp.   nor. 

9.  Length,  9.5-10;  width  of  liead,  :;.25-.S.5  ;  length  ul  wing,  9.5-10; 
proboscis,  4.5  mm. 

Head. — Face  convex,  creamy,  pubescence  creamy;  cheeks  greyish, 
tinged  creamy,  pubescence  cream_y ;  gi-ooye  between  face  and  cheeks  deep  ; 
front  about  twice  as  wide  anteriorly,  tomentum  grey-brown,  pubescence 
dark ;  no  frontal  callus  ;  pubescence  on  eyes  dai'k,  pale  on  outer  margin  : 
tirst  two  joints  of  antennae  pale  reddish-yellow,  pubescence  black,  third 
joint  red ;  palpi  deep  yellow,  upper  margin  of  second  joint  concave, 
reddish,  pubescence  black  ;   proboscis  black,  long  ;   beard  grey,  dense. 

Thora.c. — Black,  tomentum  grey,  pubescence  golden,  lateral  black,  a 
tuft  of  grey  pubescence  beneath  and  behind  the  wing  roots  ;  scutellnm 
black,  posterior  border  with  long  golden  pubescence ;  pleuiee  black, 
tomentum  and  pubescence  grey. 

AbJoiue}!. — The  centre  of  the  tiist  and  second  segments  and  the 
posterior  border  black,  remainder  yellowish -brown,  remaining  segments 
black,  posterior  segmentations  yellowish-broAvn  ;  pubescence  black,  golden 
on  the  segmentations  ;  venter  yellowish-brown,  flecked  with  black,  pubes- 
cence pale. 

Le(js — Coxae,  femora,  and  tibia?  yellowish-brown,  tarsi  darker,  coxa,^ 
with  pale'  pubescence,  that  on  femora  pale  above  and  black  beneath,  tibia? 
and  tarsi  with  black  pubescence. 

Wiiujs. — Clear,  veins  yellowish-brown  ;  stigma  inconspicuous  ;  first 
posterior  cell  slightl}'  narrowed  at  the  border.     Halteres  pale. 

Ohs. — Described  from  two  almost  perfect  specimens  and  unlike  any 
other  Diatoiiiiiienra  known  to  me  and  does  not  fit  the  deso'iptions  of  other 
species.     It  is  somewhat  similar  in  build  to  Erej)ln)i).<is  (/ibhula,  Walker. 

Uab. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

Diaio.mineui;a   hicoeokata,  sp.  mir. 

(J.  Length,  11,  $  11;  widtli  of  head,  ^  *!■.  $  '^  (\''-^)  ■  l^'i'gtli  <jf 
wing,  (J  and  $,  10.75  ;  proboscis,  (J  5,  $  4.75  mm. 

A  small  compact  species.  Antenna?  and  ])al])i  reddish-yellow  ;  thorax 
black ;  abdomen  yellowish-red ;  apical  segments  black  ;  legs  i-eddish- 
brown  ;   wings  with  cross-veins  shaded. 

(J.  Jh'ii(L — Face  reddisli-yellow,  convex,  pubescence  black  and  pale, 
dense;  cheeks  with  grey  tomentum  and  dark  pubescence,  groove  betwt'eii 
cheeks  and  face  shallow  ;  tirst  two  joints  of  antenna;  pale  reddish-yellow 
with  long  black  pubescence,  third  joint  wd,  apex  black;  palpi  yellowish- 
brown,  tii'st  joint  shoi't,  swollen,  second  joint  ta])ering  to  a  tine  point, 
pubescence  at  apex  black,  elsewhere  yelloAV  ;  beard  yellowisli,  dense;  eyes 
densely  pubescent. 

Tlmro.v. — Black,  reddish  above  the  wing  rcmts,  toiiieiiluiii  l)i(i\vii, 
])ubescence  yellow  and  black,  dense  ;  lateral  borders  with  bliick  j)ul)esci'iu-e, 
orange  above  the  wing  roots;  scutellum  similar  to  thorax:  pleuiw  with 
grey-brown  tomentum  and  grey  pubescence,  orange  colored  beneath  the 
wings. 

Ahdiunc}!. — First  three  segments  yellowisli-red,  third  llecked  with 
black,  remaining  segments  black,  segment;it  ions  yellowisli-red,  second  and 
third  segments  witli  median,  oblong,  tlaik  brown  plugs,  pubescence  black, 


STUDIKS   IN   AnSTlJAI.lAN  TAIIAMIM: TAYI.OK.  61 

lateral  pubesceiR-e  on  Hrst  tliivc  st'gments  oraii^t'  mixed  Avitli  black,  hlat-k 
Dii  fourth,  cream  colored  oil  ixMuainiiig'  segiiKMits  ;  venter  with  l)asal  \)oy- 
tion  pale  yellowisli  with  a  median,  narrow,  l)hick  stripe,  rest  l)hiek,  pubes- 
cence mixed  pale  and  black. 

Ley,<. —  Reddish-brown,  coxa?  and  tarsi  darker,  ])iibescence  bhu^k,  very 
lonrj  on  under  surface  of  femora. 

W'iutj.-f. — Posterior  Iralf  shaded  yello\vish-l)rown  ;  cross-veins  at  the 
apex  and  base  of  tlie  discal  cell  and  tlie  base  of  the  anterior  branch  of  the 
third  long  vein  shaded  brown,  rest  of  wing  grey  ;  stigma  pale,  inconspic- 
uous ;   appendix  rudimentary. 

9.  Similar  to  the  ^.  First  joint  of  the  palpi  liidden  l)y  pubescence, 
second  reddish-yellow,  concave  on  upper  margin,  ending  in  an  obtuse 
point  Front  black,  tomentum  ash-grey,  pubescence  black,  vertex  about 
luilf  the  width  of  the  base,  no  callus  present. 

Ultf.- — A  species  related  to  D.  reyis-i/eunjii,  Mihi,  but  distinguished 
from  it  by  the  shaded  posterior  border  and  cross-veins  of  the  wings  and 
the  different  abdomen.  The  clothing  on  the  pleurae  of  the  thoiax  is  also 
brighter. 

Hah. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

DiAToMiXEUiJA   PLANA,  Walker. 

List.  Dipt.,  i.    (1848),   p.   144  ;    Ricardo,   Ann.   Mag.   Nat.   Hist.   (8),  xvi. 

(1915),  p.  32. 

Hah. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

DiATO.MlNKL'IJA    TESTACEA,  Macij^llidi . 

Dipt.  Exot.,  i.  (1838),   p.  10:5;   Ricardo,   Ann.   Mag.   Nat.   Hist.   (8),   xvi. 
(1915),  p.  81. 
Hah.  —  South  Australia. 

DiATO.MlXEUUA    OOXSTAXs,   ]\'all,-er. 

Dipt.   Saund.,   i.    (1850),   p.    15  ;    Ricardo,   Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xix. 
(1917),  p.  208. 
Hah. — Tasmania. 

DlATOMlXEUKA    IXFLATA,  L'irar<hi. 

Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  34. 

Hah. — Hastings  River,  (Collector  and  donor. — A.  R.  McCulloch)  ; 
Coomeroo,  New  South  Wales. 

Mr.  Tillyard  has  also  taken  this  species  at  Kendall,  New  South 
Wales. 

CoinZoXEUKA    CUKYSol'HIl>A,    WalI.er. 

List.   Dipt.,  i.  (1848),   p.   155  ;   Ricardo,   Ann.   Mag.   Nat.   Hist.   (8),   xvi. 

(1915),  p.  3G. 

Hah. — Sydney,  New  South  Wales.  (Collector  and  donor. — E.  P. 
Ramsay). 

COK'TZOXEUIJA    FULVA,   M<(rqll(()i . 

Dipt.  Exot.  Suppl.,  iv.  (1850),  p.  19  ;    Ricardo,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8), 
xvi.  (1915),  p.  36. 

06.S-. —  One  of  the  specimens  is  ticketed  "  Australia." 
Hah. — Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 


62  'RECORDS  OF  TUK  AliSTRAf-lAN  MUSEUM. 

Sir,vius  AUSTKALLS,  Bictirdo. 

Auu.  Mag.  Nat.  Hi«t.  (cSj,  xvi.  (1915),  p.  263. 

Obs. — A  single  specimen  contained  in  the  collection  does  imt  iillow  of 
detiuite  determination  on  account  of  its  poor  state  of  preservation,  but  it 
is  almost  certainly  this  species. 

Hub. — Gayndah,  Queensland.      (Collector. — CI.   Masteis). 

tSlLVUS    FEIMiUSiiNI,   liicardu. 

Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xix.  (1917),  p.  21-i. 

A  9  specimen  contained  in  the  collection  does  not  altogether  agree 
with  Miss  Ricardo's  description  in  that  the  eyen  are  thinly  pubescent.  The 
abdomen  has  median  white  triangular  spots  on  segments  one  to  four 
inclusive  with  faint  grey  tomeutose  banding  on  segments  three  and  four 
and  broad  apical  lateral  spots  on  segments  two  to  four.  The  sub-callus 
also  bears  a  deep  median  longitudinal  groove.  The  wings  are  uniformly 
blackish-brown  ;   a  small  appendix  present.      Length,  14  mm. 

O^.s-. — It  is  considered  inadvisible  to  more  than  make  the  above  note 
until  the  specimen  has  been  comparetl  with  an  authevitic  specimen  of  N. 
feDjHSOiii,  Ricardo. 

Hf(b. — Norton's  Basin,  Nepean  River,  New  Soutli  W'ales.  (Col- 
lector and  donor. — A.  Musgrave). 

SiLvius  Mixoi;,  'iji.  iKic. 

(J.      Length,  10-10.5  ;    width  of  head,  o-o.5  ;    length  of  wing,  lO  mm. 

A  small  brown  species  with  spotted  wings.  Thorax,  abdomen  and 
legs  reddish-yellow. 

Head. — Face,  redtlish-j-ellow,  cheeks  dai'ker,  pubescence  bhick  with  a 
few  pale  scattered  liairs  ;  beard  grey,  scanty ;  antennas  golden  yellow, 
apical  annuli  red-brown,  second  segment  about  half  the  length  of  the  first, 
pubescence  black,  scanty  ;  fii'st  joint  of  palpi  yellowish,  veiy  short,  swollen, 
second  joint  long,  slender,  ending  in  a  blunt  point,  about  four  times  the 
lengtli  of  the  first,  pubescence  black;   eyes  bare;   ocelli   prominent. 

'l^liont.r. — J31ack,  coveretl  with  yellowish-brown  tt)mentum  and  pale 
])ubescence,  hiteral  borders  with  ]iale  pubescence;  scutellum  palei'  than 
thoi'ax,  postei'ior  bordei-  with  ]»ah'  pul)escence;  ph'nra^  dark  yeUowish- 
brown,  pubescence   pak'. 

Abdomen. — Uniform  ihii'k  yelhiwish-browii,  with  indistinct  grev 
tomentose  bands,  pubescence  pale:    venter  similar  to  dorsum. 

Li'iji'. — Coxa)  reddish-brown  ;  fenun-a,  tibia"  and  tai'si  honc'\  -yellow, 
pulK'scence  pale. 

Wiitiju. — Tinged  brown,  with  tlai'ker  sj)ots  at  the  base  ami  apex  of  the 
discoidal  and  apex  of  the  inferior  basal  cells,  these  cells,  the  anal  and  the 
axilliai-y  cells  alnu)st  clear  ;  veins  bi'own  ;  stignui  brown,  inconspicuous  ; 
no  appendix  present. 

(fbft. — 'I'he  thorax  of  the  two  specimens  before  me  is  more  or  less 
abraded  but  sufficient  t  hoi'acic  clothing  i-emains  in  the  type  to  show  its 
nature.  It  is  a  very  distinct  species  and  may  be  separated  from  S.  duddt, 
Ricardo,  ami  S.  IniiidntKs,  Rigot,  by  its  thoi'ax,  alxlomen,  legs,  wings;  the 
])alpi  are  also  distinctive. 

Hub South  Australia. 


STUniES  IN   AUSTRALIAN  TA  KAN'I  D.!-: TAYLOR.  63 

SiLVlUS     NKJLMl'KXMS,    liir,(r,ln. 
SlIA'lUS    ATEi;,   Tuijlor. 

Aim.  Mag.  Nat.  ilist.  (8),  .\ix.  (1917),  p.  21:>;     Taylor,  I'roc.  liiim.    Soc, 

N.  S.  Wales,  xli.  (1917),  p.  751. 

iS.  in  (J  ripe  in)  is  takes  precedence  as  it  a|)peare(l  in  KelM'iuu'v  wliilst  »S'. 
uter  was  not  published  until  Api'il. 

Hid). — Claudie  liiver,  (Queensland.  (Collector. — J.  A.  Kershaw)  ; 
Brock's  Creek  and  Marv  River,  Northern  Territory,  (Collector. — G.  F. 
Hill), 

8lI,Virs    DdDln,  liicuriln. 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (S),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  261. 

Hah. — Gayudah,  Queensland.      (Collectoi-. — G.   Masters). 

ECTEX(J1'S1S    AUSI'K'ALIS,     liicanln. 

Auu.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xix.  (l!>17),  p.  217. 

Length,  ^  11.5,  9  10.5-11;  width  of  head,  ^  3.5,  $  2-2.5;  leugth 
of  wing,  S  10,  9  10-10.5  mm. 

Two  $  specimens  and  a  J"  in  the  collection  diifer  somewhat  from  the 
description  of  this  species  which  is  stated  to  be  somewhat  variable  in  the 
legs, 

(J.  Abdomen  as  in  description  ;  legs  black,  except  basal  half  of 
iemoi-a,  veddish-yellow,  f em  nr,  tibia' and  prsf  tiirsal  of  the  middle  riylit  ley 
pale  reddish- ij ell oa\  remaining  tai^si  dusky ;  antennae  as  described,  third 
joint  missing. 

9 .  Second  and  third  divisions  of  antennae  raw-sienna  ;  median 
thoracic  stripe  uniformly  broad,  broader  than  the  lateral  stripes  ;  no  trian- 
gular median  spots  on  the  second  to  fourth  segments  of  abdomen  ;  appendix 
of  wing  variable  in  length  ;   legs  as  in  type. 

Obs. — Judging  from  the  description  of  this  species  and  the  specimens 
before  me  this  would  appear  to  be  a  variable  species.  The  differently 
colored  mid  right  leg  in  the  $  is  curious  as  it  belongs  without  doubt  to 
the  specimen  under  review.  The  dimensions  of  these  specimens  is  given 
as  they  were  omitted  from  the  description  of  the  type. 

Hah. — Gayndah,  Queensland.      (Collector. — G.  Masters). 

KcTKNorsis   vui.i'ECL'1-A,  Wiedemann. 

AusszweiH.  Ins.  i.  (1828),   p.    195   (Chrysops)  ;   Ricardo,  Ann.   Mag.   Nat. 
Hist.  (8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  266. 
Hah. — Gayndah,  Queensland.      (Collector. — G.   Masters). 

Var.  XKiiai'EXXis,  car.  noc. 

$.  Length,  11  ;  width  of  head,  8;  width  of  front  of  vertex,  0.5; 
length  of  wing,  9.5  mm. 

Palpi  black,  base  i-aw-sienna,  pubescence  black,  beard  very  scanty, 
golden  ;  tirst  and  second  segments  and  first  two  divisions  of  the  third 
joint  of  the  antennae  reddish- brown,  rest  black  ;  pubescence  black,  sparse  ; 
wings  dusky,  veins  deep  black  ;  stigma  black ;  appendix  short.  Legs  : 
coxae  raw-sienna,  femora,  tibite  and  tarsi  black,  pubescence  black. 


64  RECORDS  OK  THE   AUSTRALIAN   MUSEUM. 

Obs. — Jiepreseuted  bv  a  single  sijecimen  iu  tlie  cullt'ctioii.  It  differs 
from  E.  vidpecula,  Wied.,  in  the  above  details  which  do  not  appear  to  be 
sufficient  to  raise  it  to  specific  rank.  It  is  abundantly  distinct  from  E. 
australis,  Ricardo. 

Hah. — Norton's  Basin,  Nepean  River,  New  South  "Wales.  ((.'ulU'ctor. — 
A.   Musgrave). 

Sub-family    TAJiANlN^. 
Group  vii.      Abdomen  with  one  or  more  stri|)es,  usually  contiiuiuus. 
TaI!ANUS    UAiaiCAl.LOSUS,   Iticardo. 

Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xvi.  (1914),  p.  394. 

Hiib. — Grayndah,  Queensland.      (Collector. — G.   Masters). 

Group  viii.  Species  with  median  or  lateral  spots,  or  both,  on 
abdomen,  not  usually  forming  a  continuous  stripe. 

Tahaxus   spoliatus,  Waller. 

Proc.    Linn.    Soc,   iv.    (1860),    p.    108;    Ricardo,   Ann.    Mag.    Nat.    Hist. 

(8),  XV.  (1915),  p.  275. 

0//.S-. — The  collection  contains  a  single  $  specimen  determined  as  this 
species  by  Miss  Ricardo  from  Victoria  (no  definite  locality  being  given). 
It  seems  remarkable  that  a  species  described  from  Macassar,  and  the 
Celebes,  being  unknown  from  Northern  Austi-alia  where  its  presence 
might  be  expected,  should  be  found  in  Victoria. 

ILah. — Victoria. 

Tai;anus    viCioi;iENsis,  JilcarJo. 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xv.  (1915),  p.  275. 

Obs. — The  collection  contains  two  specimens,  one  of  which,  determined 
by  Miss  Ricardo,  is  in  rather  a  poor  state  of  preservation,  the  thorax  and 
abdomen  being  abraded.  The  second  specimen  is  clearly  this  species  and 
is  in  a  good  state  of  ])i-eservation 

JJah. — Moonbar,  (Collector — R.  Helms);  Jilackheatli,  New  South 
Wales.      (C'olli'ctoi'  and  donor. — .\.  Musgrave). 

Group  i.\.  Species  witli  pah'r  bauds,  and  soiueiiuies  spots  on 
abdomen. 

'rAi;AXU>   .\ium;i;a\  II,  sji.  nor. 

$.  liuugtli,  11;  width  ol  bead,  4  :  width  ol'  front  of  vertex,  0.25  ; 
length  of  wing,  11  njui. 

A  small  compact  black  species.  Antenna"  dark  ri'ddish-bi'owii,  apices 
black.  I'alpi  rt'ddish-yelhiw.  Thoi'ax  black.  .Vbdouicu  l)lark  with  grey 
bamls.      Legs  blackish. 

lliKtl. — Face,  cheeks  and  siib-calliis  gii'v-black  ;  beard  grey,  seanty  ; 
front  black,  uniform  in  width,  pul)escence  black,  short  anil  scanty  :  frontal 
callus  sliiiiing  black,  tumid,  pear-shaped,  reaching  the  eyes,  with  a  lineal 
extension,  about  as  long  as  the  plug,  not  i-eacliing  the  vei-tex  ;  eyes  dull 
black,  with  copper-coloi-ed  patches  in  some  liglits  ;  antenntc  dark  reddish- 


STtiniES   IN   AIlSTltAI.IAN  TA  I'.ANIK.I": TAYI.OK.  65 

hi'owu,  nnnnli  black,  tootli  very  small  on  expaiuU-d  basal  poi-tion,  pubes- 
cence black  and  scanty  on  Hi  stand  second  segments;  palpi  i-eddisli-yellow, 
pubescence  black:    jxoboscis  veiy  sliori,  black. 

Thont.i-. — Dark  gi'ey-black,  witli  sliort,  scanty,  mixed  dark  and  pale 
jmbescence,  sides  with  dense,  t'aii-ly  long  grey.-black  bails  ;  scutellum 
similar  to  thorax  with  some  scanty  grey  pubescence  ;  pleura?  grey- black 
witli  fairly  long  grey  haiis. 

Abdomen. — Dull  black,  densely  clothed  with  appressed  l)lack  hairs, 
seginentations  grey  with  grey  pubescence  and  faint  pale  creamy  median 
spots  on  the  first  four  segments,  lateral  margins  of  the  first  six  segments 
grey,  diminishing  in  size  toward  the  apex  ;  venter  gre}'  with  whitish 
pubescence,  segmentations  distinct. 

JjeijA. — Black,  femora  with  fairly  dense  and  long  grey  pubescence, 
black  on  tibite  and  tarsi,  longest  on  the  tibia". 

Wincjii. — Grre}'  ;  veins  black  ;  stigma  dark  yellowish-brown  ;  uo 
appendix. 

Tijpi'. — Unique.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  7'.  li-erslmiri,  Ricardo, 
b}'  its  differently'  colored  anteiinoe.  its  sub-callus  not  shiny,  the  uniform  front 
and  the  wings.  Differs  from  7'.  (in'Keoi(niiii}<ifii^,  Taylor,  in  its  lai'ger 
frontal  callus  ;  the  first  and  second  joints  of  the  anteniiie  being  uniform 
in  color  and  the  absence  <tf  an  appendix  on  the  wings. 

Hah. — Underbank,  New  South  Wales.  (Collector  and  donor. — A. 
Musgrave,  Dec.  1915). 

TaHANUS    MACQUARTI,   Ji'irardd. 

Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xv.  (1915),  p.  277. 
Huh. — South  Australia. 

Group  X.  Species  with  the  abdomen  unicolorons,  or  almost  so,  some- 
times darker  at  the  ai)ex. 

Tai'.anus  diminutus,  Wa]J:er. 

List.    Dipt.,  i.  (1848),  p.  183  ;  Ricardo,    Ann.    Mag.    Nat.    Hist.    (8),   xv. 
(1915),  p.  285. 

OJi>:. — There  seems  little  doubt  that  the  specimen  before  me  is  refer- 
able to  this  species.  There  are  a  few  points  of  disagreement  with  Miss 
Ricardo's  description  of  Walker's  type,  but  it  is  said  to  be  in  a  poor 
state  of  preservation.  The  third  joint  of  the  antennae  is  blackish-brown 
instead  oi  tawny  and  the  frontal  callus  is  a  small,  almost  circular,  light 
brown  plug  without  a  lineal  extension. 

Hid). — Gayndah,  Queensland.      (Collector. — G.   Masters). 

TaI'.ANHS    SANiUJINARIUS,  Jligaf. 

Mem.    Soc.   Zool.    Fiance,    v.    (1892),   p.   675  ;    Ricardo,    Ann.    Mag.   Nat. 
Hist.  (8),  XV.  (1915),  p.  287. 

Hah. — South  Australia. 


66  RECORDS  OK  THE   ArSTRALIAN   MTSEUM. 

Group  xi.     Species  with  pubescence  on  tlie  eyes  (Therioplectes). 

Tabands  i.mperfectus,  Wall-er. 

Lish  Dipt.,  i.  (1848),  p.    179;  Ricardo,  Ann.   Mag.  Nat.  Hist.    (8),  xvi. 

(1915),  p.  278. 

(J.      Leng-tb,  10  ;   wicltli  of  lieacl,  3.5  ;   lengtb  of  wing,  8  mm. 

Antennae,  palpi  and  tborax  similar  to  $.  Abdomen  with  a  grey  basal 
band  on  the  second  segment  in  addition  to  the  posterior  band  ;  tibiae 
blackish,  first  tarsals  black.  Wings  grey;  veins  and  stigma  black; 
appendix  present. 

Hah. — Wedge  Ba}',  Tasmania.     (Collector  and  donor. — G.  H.  Hardy). 

Tabands  rainrowi,  .*p.  vov. 

(J.     Length,  11.5  ;   width  of  head,  4-  ;   length  of  wing,  10  mm. 

A  small  species  with  black  thorax.  Abdomen  orange-riifons  with  a 
broad  black  stripe  the  whole  length  gradually  tapering  to  the  apex.  Legs 
orange-rufous.      Wings  faintU'  3'ellow. 

llpiid. — Face  and  cheeks  black,  daik  reddisli-brown  lound  the  base 
of  tlie  antennae  ;  sub-callns  dai'k  reddish-brown  ;  first  and  second  joints 
of  the  antennte  reddish-yellow,  with  dense  black  pubescence,  third  joint 
wanting;  palpi  light  yellowish-brown,  second  joint  swollen  and  longer 
than  the  first,  ending  in  a  blunt  point  ;  pubescence  long  and  black  with  a 
few  long  grey  hairs  in  addition  on  the  first  joint;  eyes  black,  facets  small, 
densely  covered  with  short  grey  pubescence ;  beard  dense,  grey,  with 
scattered  black  hairs. 

Thord.r. — Black,  clothed  with  long,  erect  black  bail's  ;  sides  orange- 
rufous,  with  long  black  j)ubescence  from  the  wing  roots  to  tlie  apex  of  the 
shoulders  ;  scutellum  black,  pubescence  black:  pleurae  black  with  scattered 
grey  hairs. 

Ahdnmen. — Orange-rufous  ;  first  segment  black,  apical  margin  orange- 
rufous,  black  in  the  centre,  remaining  segments,  except  the  last,  with 
large  black  median  spots  gradually  tapering  in  width  to  the  apex  and 
forming  a  continuous  stripe,  apical  segmeiit  orange-rufous;  pubescence 
black,  golden  on  the  segmentations,  the  black  bairs  are  long  on  the  sides  ; 
venter  orange-i-ufous,  pubescence  mixed  grej"^  and  black. 

Lpijif. — Coxae  black,  with  long  black  pubescence,  basal  half  of  femora 
black,  i-est  oi'ange-rufous  ;  tibia^  orange-rufous,  apices  black  ;  fore  and  mid 
tibiae  almost  wholly  black,  hind  taisi  with  the  apices  black,  pubescence 
black,  femora  with  long  gi'ev  pubescence   beneath. 

Witxjs. — Clear;  veins  yellowisli-l)ro\vn  ;  stigma  yellowisli  ;  no 
appendix  present. 

Ofc.s\ — Described  from  a  single  specimen,  most  neaily  related  to  7'. 
hitxiiji)!,  Walker,  but  may  be  distingiiislied  by  the  densely  pubescent  eyes, 
tlie  sides  of  the  thorax  being  orange-rufous,  the  orange-i'ufous  ventei",  the 
legs  and  the  absence  of  an  appendix  on  the  wings. 

It  affords  me  much  pleasure  to  associate  the  name  of  my  friend,  Mr. 
W.  J.  Rainbow,  with  this  species. 

//"/'. — King  George  Souml,  Western  Aiistiiilia.  (Ct)l]ector. — 
G.  Mastei's). 


STrniES  IN   AUSTRALIAN  TAi:ANIh.f. TAYLOR.  67 

Taranus  circc.mdatus,  ]V<tlLfr. 

List.  Dipt.,  i.  (1S48),  p.  181  ;    Ricardo,    Ann.    Ma^.   Nat.    Hist.    (8),    xvi. 

(1915),  p.  280. 

0//.S'. — The  West  Austialian  speciniens  evidently  belong  to  this  vari- 
able species.  When  compared  witli  a,  specimen  kindly  deteiinined  for  the 
wiiter  by  Mr.  Austen  by  compaiison  with  the  type,  the  only  nftticable 
ditVeiences  ai'e  that  the  eyes  are  moi-e  hair}'  atid  the  legs  palei. 

Hah. — Jindabyne  and  Mooiibar,  New  8onth  Wales.  (Collector. — R. 
Helms)  ;  King  Geoige  Sound,  Westeiii  Anstialia.  (Collector. — G. 
Masters). 

TaIUNUS    VETtlSTDS,   Wdll.i'r. 

List.  Dipt.,  i.  (1848),   p.  179  ;   Ricardo,   Ann.   Mag.   Nat.    Hist.    (8),   xvi. 

(1915),  p.  277. 

Huh. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Australia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Mastei-s). 

Taiunds  antecedens,  W(<Jl-er. 

List.  Dipt.,  i.  (1848),  p.  178;  Ricardo,   Ann.   Mag.   Nat.    Hist.    (8),   xvi. 

(1915),  p.  279. 

H«^.— Wentwortb     Falls,     New     South     Wales.  (Collector.— A. 

Masgrave). 

Tabands  edenthlus,  ]\Fi(('qit(irt. 

Dipt.  Exot.,  Suppl.,  i.  (1846),  p.  34;   Ricardo,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.    (8), 
xvi.  (1915),  p.  281  ;    White,   Papers  and  Proc.  Royal  Soc.  Tasmania 
(1915),  p.  10. 
Hnh. — Hobart,  Tasmania.      (Collector. — G.  H.  Hardy). 

Tahanus  horartiensis.  White. 
Papers  and  Proc.  Royal  Soc.  Tasmania  (1915),  p.  13. 

Ohs. —  Represented  by  a  single  specimen  which  does  not  A^ery  well 
agree  with  this  species,  but  till  furthei-  material  is  available  it  is  considered 
better  to  leave  it  under  the  above  name. 

//((//. — Tasmania. 

Taranus  neobasalis,  7'<(///or. 

TdhiDiii.f  hnsiilig,  Walker,  9,  List.  Dipt.,  i.  (1848),  p.  182,  ihviieii  his 
hctam  ;   Ricardo,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  282. 

Ohs. — A  change  of  name  becomes  necessary  for  this  species  as  hiisalis 
was  previously  used  by  Macquart^. 

Taranus  gentilis,  Erichsnu. 
Archiv.   f.   Naturgesch.,   viii.    (1842),   p.   271  ;    Ricardo,   Ann.    Mag.    Nat. 

Hist.  (8),  xvi.  (1915),  p.  286. 

OZy.s'. — The  specimen  from  Bariingtoii  Tops  has  the  apex  of  the  anal 
cell  slightly  shaded  blown,  but  not  the  stem.  It  is  quite  typical  in  other 
respects. 

H((//.— BaiTington  Tops,  4,600  ft..  New  South  Wales  ;  (Collector  and 
donor. — A.  Musgi'ave)  :  King  George  Sound,  Westei'n  Australia.  (Col- 
lector.— G.  Mastei's). 

1  Macquart— Dipt.  Exot.,  i.  (1)  (1838),  p.  130,  for  a  different  species  belonging 
to  Group  vi.  from  East  India. 


68  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

TaBANUS    PSEDDOBASALIS,  SJ).  nov. 

9.  Leiis-tli,  12.25-13  ;  widtli  of  head,  4.75-5  ;  length  of  wing,  10-11 
mm. 

A  small  black  species  with  pale  antenna3  and  })alpi  ;  thorax  black  ; 
abdomen  j'ellowish  ;   legs  reddish-yellow  ;   wings  clear. 

Heidi. — Face  and  cheeks  with  cteamy-jellow  tomentum  and  pale 
pubescence  ;  front  paler  with  golden  ])ubescence,  broader  anteriorly,  about 
two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  broad,  no  fi-ontal  callus;  first  two  joiiits 
of  antennje  3'ellow,  pubescence  pale,  a  few  black  haiis  on  the  apices,  third 
joint  bright  reddish-yelk)w,  the  base  with  a  shai'ply  defined  obtuse  angle; 
palpi  cream-colored,  tapering  to  a  fine  point,  pubescence  pale,  first  joint 
with  dense  creamy  pubescence  ;  beard  ci-eam-colored  ;  pubescence  oji  eyes 
veiy  slight. 

TJmrii.i'. — Black  with  golden  pubescence,  shoulders  j-ellowish,  lateral 
pubescence  pale  ;  scutellum  similar  to  thorax,  pubescence  on  anterior 
bordei'  long  ;   pleurfe  pale,  flecked  with  black,  pubescence  pale. 

Ahdoriteii. — Yellowish-brown,  darker  towards  apex,  pubescence  golden, 
with  scattered  black  hairs  towards  the  apex  ;  yenter  yellowish-biown, 
tomentum  gre}^. 

Jjegs. — Reddish-yellow,  tarsi  darker  ,  coxce  with  long  j)ale  pubescence, 
short  and  black  elsewhere. 

Tr//"/»'. — Clear  ;  yeins  yellow-brown  ;  stigma  yellow  ;  a  small  appendix 
present. 

Ohs. This  species  is  in  some  respects  not  unlike   T.  hasalh,   Walkei-, 

but  it  is  distinguished  by  the  golden  pubescence  on  the  thorax  and 
abdomen,  the  ci-eam-colored  face,  tlie  absence  of  stripe  on  the  abdomen 
and  there  being  no  frontal  callus. 

Hah. — King  George  Sound,  Western  Austialia.  (Collector. — 
G.  Masters). 

TaMANUS    INTiEFINITCS,  .^p.  nar. 

9.      Length,  11-11.5  ;    width  of  head,  4--i.5  ;    length  of  wing,  10  mm. 

A  small  black  species  with  reddish  antenna^  ;  jialpi  dusky  ;  thorax 
black  ;  abdominal  pubescence  black,  segmentations  golden  ;  legs  black, 
base  of  tibiae  yellowish  ;  wings  cleai-. 

Head. — Face  gre}',  cheeks  buft',  pubescence  grey  ;  beard  white;  front 
dark  gre}',  shining  black  wlien  denuded,  pubescence  black,  vertex  black, 
slightly  widei-  anteriorly  ;  fi'ontal  callus  shining  black,  as  wide  as  front, 
resting  on  the  sub-callus,  and  with  a,  short  broad  extension  ;  e^'es  slightly 
pubescent;  first  two  joints  of  antenna"  and  expanded  jioi'tion  of  the  third 
reddish-biown,  annuli  black,  pubescence  on  fijst  joint  pale  and  black, 
black  on  the  second,  base  of  thiid  l)ioad,  angle  small,  no  tooth  ;  palpi 
daik,  tapering  to  a  fine  point,  with  dense  grey  pubescence. 

Thorax. — Black  with  thi-ee  brown  stripes,  tomentum  gi'ey,  densely 
clothed  with  eiect  black  aitd  aj)pressed  golden  hairs,  shoulders  pale  reddish, 
with  black  hairs  and  dense  giey  ones  beneath  ;  scutellum  similar  to  thorax, 
posterior  border  with  long  golden  pubescence. 

AliiJoiiieii. — Black  with  black  |)ubescence,  posterior  borders  of 
segments  pale  with  golden  pubescence  and  median,  apical,  tiiangular 
golden  spots  on   segments  one    to  five,   segments   bi-oadly    pale    lateially. 


STUniKS   IN   AUSTRALIAN   TAHANIIi.t: TAYLOR.  69 

second  more  so  than  Hrst,  and  clotlied  with  golden  hairs  ;  venfei"  blackish, 
dark  leddish-biovvn  towards  the  aj)ex,  tonientuni  grey,  [nibescence  [)ale, 
golden  laterally. 

Leijs. — Femora  and  tarsi  black,  basal  two  thirds  of  fore  and  basal 
third  of  hind  tibia3  pale  reddish-yellow,  rest  black,  mid  femora,  pale 
reddish-3^ellow,  pubescence  black. 

WijKls. — Clear,  very  faintly  clouded  yellow  on  the  cross-veins  at  the 
base  of  the  discal  cell;  veins  dark  brown;  stigma  yellowish,  inconspicuous; 
a  long  appendix  present;  base  of  wings  tinged  yellow;  halteres  dark 
browu,  apices  yellow. 

Ohs. — A  small  but  striking  species  on  account  of  tlie  golden  dorsal 
pubescence.  It  may  be  distinguished  from  7'.  antecedens,  Walker,  by  the 
thoracic  and  abdominal  ornamentation  and  the  tibia?.  There  is  also  a 
certain  resemblance  to  7'.  oculatiis,  Ricardo,  in  the  thoracic  clothing  but  it 
appears  to  be  distinct. 

Halt. — Gienbrook  Creek  and  Norton's  Basin,  Nepean  River,  New 
South  Wales.      (Collector  and  donor. — A.  Musgrave,  Oct.  1915). 

Two  other  specimens  also  from  New  South  Wales — one  from 
Dauedoo,  the  other  from  Sydney  may  possibly  belong  to  this  species  but 
differ  in  some  essentials,  and  may  be  characterised  as  follows  : — 

Vur.  A.  Antenna'  bright  reddish-brown,  annuli  black  ;  palpi  paler 
than  in  the  tj^pe  ;  abdomen  reddish-brown,  except  the  first  and  last  three 
segments  blackish,  segmentations  pale ;  second  segment  Avith  a  median 
black  sjjot  not  reaching  the  ])osterior  margin  and  segments  two  to  five 
with  indistinct  apical  grey  triangular  spots. 

Hub. — Dunedoo,   New    South   Wales.      (Collector. — W.    W.   Thorpe, 

Var.  B.  Antenna;  entirely  pale  reddish-brown  ;  palpi  creamy,  and 
the  abdomen  similar  to  Var.  A.  but  lacking  the  apical  triangular  spots  on 
the  abdomen. 

Ohs. — 1  am  disinclined  to  separate  these  specimens  as  distinct  species 
in  the  absence  of  more  specimens,  as  they  resemble  the  typical  form  too 
closely  in  shape,  color  of  legs  and  thorax.  Tlie  wings  are  also  similar  to 
the  type. 

Hah. — Sydney,  New  South  Wales.  (Collector  and  donor. — A. 
Musgrave). 

Taijanus   I'OSTPONENS,   Walker. 

List.    Dipt.,  i.  (1848),  p.  179;  Ricardo,   Ann.   Mag.   Nat.   Hist.    (8),  xvi. 

(1915),  p.  282. 

(5".      Length,  18  ;    width  of  head,  5  ;   length  of  wing,  12  mm. 

Head. — Face  and  cheeks  grey-black,  tomentum  and  pubescence  grey; 
beard  white  ;  tirst  two  joints  of  antennte  blackish  ;  pubescence  black, 
third  wanting  ;  palpi,  first  joint  dark  reddish-brown,  slender,  second  joint 
swollen,  [)ale  reddish-yellow,  pubescence  mixed  pale  and  black  ;  eyes  with 
dense  pale  pubescence,  facets  black  and  brown,  the  latter  occupying  the 
upper  two-thirds,  except  for  a  narrow  border  of  black  ones  circling  the  eyes 
above. 

Thorax.- — Black,  partially  denuded,  with  a  few  scattered  black  hairs, 
sides  with  long  pale  ones;  scutellum  similar,  posterior  margin  with  pale 
hairs  ;  pleuree  black,  tomentum  grey,  pubescence  pale. 


70  RKOORDS  OF  TUK   AUSTRALIAN   MTSECM. 

Ahdomen. — Reddi.sh-brown,  darker  towai'd  the  apex,  the  grey  tomeu- 
tose  bauds  narrow  with  faint  indications  of  median  gre}^  triangular  spots  ; 
venter  reddish-brown,  segmentations  giey. 

Legs. — Dusky,  base  of  tibia3  reddish. 

Whiijs. — Clear  ;  veins  and  stigma  yellowish-brown  ;  a  small  appendix 
pi'esent. 

Obs. — Notwithstanding  certain  discrepancies  with  the  description  uf 
this  species,  which  may  be  sexual,  it  is  considered  preferable  to  place  the 
above  specimen  under  this  species.  It  is  the  first  time  the  $  has  been 
described. 

Hob. — Gayudah,  Queensland.      (Collector. — G.   Masters). 

Tadaxcs   i;ris}ianensis,  Taylor. 

Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xlii.  (1917),  p.  526. 
Uah. — Queensland. 


ON  THE  OCCURRENCE  OF   THE    CRESTED    PENGUIN 

(UrDYrTKS  CHRYSOCOAfE)  IN  AUSTRALIA, 

witli  Notes  on  its  Raiig-f,  and  on  the   History  of  its  Original   Discovery. 

BY 

A.    E.   Rasskt  Hn,i.,   Hon.   Oi-nitlioloo-ist. 
(Plates  x.-xi.) 

Early  in  December,  1917,  a  Crested  Penguin  (Euchji^fes  cliry^ocome, 
Forster)  was  taken  alive  in  Broken  Bay,  New  South  Wales,  this  being  the 
first  recorded  occurrence  of  the  sj)ecies  in  this  State.  Mr.  C.  F.  Rane, 
wlio  resides  at  Balmain,  has  supplied  me  with  the  following  graphic 
accoiTnt  of  tlie  incident  : — 

"I  captnred  tlie  bird  at  Ettalong  Beach  on  5th  Decembei',  1917, 
whilst  fishing  fi-oni  tlio  i-ocks  at  the  southern  end  of  the  Beach,  nearest  to 
Barrenjoey,  I  do  not  know  tlie  name  of  the  headland.  While  looking 
towards  Ettalong  Village,  I  saw,  what  appeared  tome  to  be,  a  Mollyhawk, 
some  two  or  three  hundVed  yards  along  the  beach,  riding  on  the  breakers. 
At  the  same  time  the  bird  gave  a  call  resembling  the  screech  of  a  goose. 
I  tlien  answei^ed  it,  imitating  the  call.  The  bird  then  made  one  dive  and 
came  nj)  within  ten  feet  of  wliere  I  stood.  A  heavy  sea  then  canght  the 
bii'd  and  swept  it  in  close  to  the  beach.  I  jumped  into  the  water  between 
the  bird  and  the  open.  It  then  made  a  dive  for  the  open  water,  but  came 
straight  at  me.  1  made  a  clutch  and  caught  it  by  the  neck,  and  after 
keeping  it  for  a  few  davs,  I  sent  it  to  the  Zoological  Gardens  at  Taronga 
Park." 

Mr.  A.  S.  Le  Souef,  Director  of  the  Gardens,  informed  me  that  the 
Penguin  appeared  to  be  in  good  health  when  received,  and  lived  contentedly 
enough  in  the  Seal  Pond.  After  about  ten  days  it  showed  signs  of  moping 
and  would  iiot  eat.  It  died  a  few  days  afterwards,  and  the  body  was 
sent  to  the  Australian  Museum.  The  skin  is  preserved  there,  and  the 
following  is  a  description  : — 

Immature  male.  The  whole  upper  surface  dark  brown,  the  centre 
of  the  feathers  bluish -black.  A  few  shreds  of  down  adhering  below  the 
neck.  Supei^ciliary  stripe  extending  from  culminicorn  over  the  eye,  3| 
inches  in  length,  whitish  to  behind  eye,  then  pale  sulphur-3'ellow.  Chin 
and  upper  throat  light  brown,  lower  neck  and  rest  of  under  surface  white. 
Wings,  brownish,  tipped  with  white  except  at  the  extremities.  Under 
surface  of  wings  white  with  an  irregular  black  margin.  Feet,  fleshy- 
white  ;  toes,  black ;  bill,  reddish  horn  colour.  Total  length  27  inches. 
Wing,  7  in.  ;  foot  (bare  to  end  of  middle  toe),  4|  in.  ;  middle  toe,  \\  in.  ; 
bill,  2  in.  ;   latericorn,  Ij  in.  ;  lower  mandible,  2~-  in.  (Plate  x.,  tig.  1). 

Some  earlier  records  of  the  occurrence  of  this  species  in  Tasmania 
and  Australia  are  as  follows  : — ■ 

Gould  says^  : — "For  a  fine  example  of  tliis  singular  Penguin  I  am 
indebted  to  my  friend,  Ronald  C.  Gunn,  Esq.,  of  Launceston,  Van 
Diemeu's  Laud,  who  informed  me  that  it  had  been  washed  on  shore  on  the 
northern  coast  of  that  Island  after  a  heavy  gale.     It  is  less  plentiful  in 

'  Gould — Birds  of  Avistralia  (folio).  1848. 


7z  RECORDS  OF  THK  AUSTRALIAN   MUSEUM. 

that  pari  of  tlie  woi'ld  than  in  many  others,  for  althongli  it  is  occasionally 
found  on  the  shores  of  'Van  Diemen's  Land  and  the  south  coast  of 
Austi-alia,  its  great  strongholds  are  the  islands  of  Amstei'dam,  St.  Paul's, 
and  Ti'istan  d'Acunha.  As  I  had  no  opportunity  of  seeing  the  bird  in  a 
state  of  nature,  I  cannot  perhaps  do  lietter  than  transcribe  the  account 
given  by  Latham,  who  states  that 'it  is  called  Hopping  Penguin      .      .      .' " 

In  1887,  the  Field  Naturalists'  Club  of  Victoria  organised  an  expedi- 
tion to  King  Island,  Bass  Strait.  In  a  list  of  the  birds  identified  by 
Members  of  the  ('lull,  Cam]>heir-  notes  CatKrractes  clirysncnvie,  Latham, 
a  skin  having  been  obtained.  In  his  "Nests  and  Eggs"-'  Campbell 
states  that  this  Crested  Penguin  was  captured  alive  among  the  rocks  on 
King  Island. 

In  a  tabulated  list  of  the  bii'ds  of  "Western  Australia^  Campbell  in- 
cludes Cntarracles  fhrysncome  amongst  "fifteen  species  of  birds  now  recorded 
for  the  first  time  as  West  Austi-alian."  This  species  is  noted  "near  Hamelin 
Harbour  (Tomb)."  Mr.  C'ampbell  informs  nie  that  he  did  not  see  the 
specimen,  but  recoi'ded  it  on  the  authority  of  Mi".  Hugh  Tomb,  the  man- 
ager of  a  timbei'  station — the  Karri  Timber  Company  (Davies)  near 
Hamelin  Harboui-,  and  frcnn  what  he  can  recollect  of  the  information  given 
him  by  Mi'.  Tomb,  tlie  bird  was  secured  alive.  Campbell's  tabulated  list 
shows  the  extra- West  Australian  range  of  the  birds  named,  and  ('.  clinjuo- 
coDip  is  noted  as  found  in  the  Northern  Territory,  New  South  Wales, 
Victoria,  South  Australia  antl  Tasmania.  Ramsay's  tabulated  list^ 
gives  the  range  of  U.  chri/aocoiiie  as  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Now  South  Wales, 
Victoria,  South  Australia  and  Tasmania. 

Under  date  2nd  August,  11)09,  Mr.  C.  P.  Conigrave''  states  that  an 
interesting  find  recently  made  on  Rottnest  Island,  twelve  miles  north-west 
of  Fremantle,  Western  Austi'alia,  was  a  specimen  of  the  Crested  Penguin 
(Cafarracles  rhrysocome)  which  was  picked  up  by  Mr.  Millei"  of  the  Rott- 
nest Signal  Station.  Mr.  Otto  Lippeit,  the  taxidermist  of  the  Western 
Australian  Museum,  happened  to  be  collecting  on  the  Island,  and  he  at 
once  prepared  the  skin. 

In  February,  1910,  a  specimen  of  the  Crested  Penguin  made  its 
appearance  on  the  beach  at  Ijorne,  on  the  south  coast  of  Victoria.' 
When  first  seen  by  the  members  of  a  cray-tishing  party  it  was  on 
the  rocks  at  the  water's  edge,  but  it  followed  them  over  some  hundreds  of 
yards  of  rocks  and  sand.  They  placed  it  in  a  bag  and  carried  it  to  their 
]-esidence,  where  it  was  domiciled  in  a  large  sea-bath,  about  twenty  yards 
square,  where  it  lived  for  six  weeks.  Dui-ing  the  first  fortnight  it  was 
very  savage  and  spent  most  of  its  time  in  the  dark  recesses  of  a  bathing 
box,  where  it  underwent  a  complete  moult.  The  moult  finished  at  the 
head,  and  some  of  the  discarded  crest  feathers  measured  as  much  as  four  inches 

-  Caiiip)>ell- last  of  Birds  idoiitified  by  the  Field  Naturalists'  Ohib  of  Viftoria, 
King  Island,  1887  (Vict.  Not.,  iv.,  1887-8,  p".  138). 

■■  Cauipliell— Nests  and  Eggs  of  Australian  Birds,  1901. 

•'  Canip])ell— List  of  "West  .Vustralian  Mirds  (Pro,-.  li.  Soc.  FAlinl...  xvii..  1889-90, 
p.  320). 

■''  Ramsay— Tabular  List  of  Austral i;ui  i'>irds,  1888. 

''  T'onigrave— Bidii,  ix.,  1909,  p.  9- 

'  Nicliolls — Notes  on  the  Crested  reiii;Hiu  ( (',ttnr,]uicti's  ••hnisocohtej  (Emu,  x., 
191U,  p.  11). 


ox  Till';  iircri;i;K\CK  nV    ITIK    CL'KSlTsh    I'KNi ;  I'l  \  — II  11,1,.  7."') 

in  k'ugtli.  At'tei'  the  moult  the  coloiii;  oi'  tlie  crest  was  bright  sulithiir- 
yellow.  Tlie  bird  had  no  power  oF  erecting  this  crest,  but  at  times,  when 
teased,  the  feathers  of  tlie  hciid  showed  up  slightly.  Fi'oni  Dr.  JJrooke 
Nicholls'  iuteresting  account,  this  bird  had  evidently  reached  its  lull 
plumage  befoi-e  capture,  as  the  lengtii  ot  the  discarded  crest  feathers  indi- 
cates. It  became  very  tame,  and  was  christened  "Billy."  This  name  was 
giveu  him,  Dr.  Nicholls  informs  me,  on  account  of  the  eagerness  with 
Avhich  he  answered  the  call  to  meals  given  by  rattling  a  stick  on  the 
"billy"  in  which  the  small  tish  were  brought  to  him.  "One  morning 
Billy  followed  some  bathers  to  the  beach,  a  distance  of  about  half  a  mile 
from  the  house.  He  made  strenuous  efforts  to  keep  up  with  the  party  go- 
ing across  the  loose  sand,  but,  finding  himself  being  left  behind,  uttered 
such  loud  '  squawks '  of  distress  that  he  had  to  be  carried.  On  reaching 
the  bathing  site,  the  members  of  the  party  donned  their  bathing  attire  and 
made  for  the  open  ocean,  with  Billy  following.  A  heavy  surf  was  running, 
and  as  we  entered  the  water  Billy  paused.  Wading  further  and  further 
out  we  called  to  him,  and  he  made  an  attempt  to  follow,  but  Avas  swept 
off  his  feet  and  washed  ashore  by  the  foaming  water,  which  was  not  more 
than  eight  or  nine  inches  deep.  At  length,  after  being  knocked  down  and 
buffeted  by  several  successive  waves  he  managed  to  struggle  into  watei" 
about  a  foot  deep,  and  then,  swimming  swiftly,  shot  like  an  arrow  towards 
us.  Once  in  the  breakers  the  bird  had  all  the  best  of  it,  and  we  dived 
and  chased  after  him  through  the  waves  as  one  might  romp  with  a  dog 
ashore.  Tiring  of  the  sport,  Billy  commenced  to  dive  and  hunt  for  tish, 
and  gradually  went  out  to  sea.  We  called  to  him  by  nan^e,  and,  turning 
his  head,  he  answered  once  ov  twice  with  a  loud  squawk,  but  kept  paddling 
ocean  wards  all  the  time.  He  had  suddenly  realised  that  he  was  once 
again  in  the  open  ocean,  and  not  conHned  by  the  four  cemented  walls  of  a 
bath.  The  sea  had  called  to  him  and  he  had  obeyed."  I  am  indebted 
to  Dr.  Brooke  Nicholls  for  the  photograph  of  Billy  in  the  bath  house, 
reproduced  in  PL  xi.,  tig.  1. 

In  September,  1913*^  a  specimen  of  the  Crested  Penguin  canie  ashore 
between  the  Mersey  and  Don  Rivers,  not  far  from  Devon])ort  on  the 
north  coast  of  Tasmania.  Mr.  PI.  Stuart  Dove  says: — "This  is  the 
first  Crested  Penguin  1  have  ever  seen  in  the  north  of  the  Island, 
although  two  or  three  have  been  taken  in  the  soufli,  where  one  would 
naturally  expect  to  see  those  which  have  sti'ayed  I'roni  the  Antarctic 
Islands  which  are  their  home.  The  specimen  in  question  was  in  splendid 
order,  evidently  only  just  deceased,  and  luxd  escaped  the  battering  of  the 
reefs;  stuffed  and  7uounted,  he  forms  a  conspicuous  addition  to  my  collec- 
tion of  natural  curiosities.  He  evidently  had  another  moult  to  undei'go 
beft)re  reaching  maturity,  the  measurements  and  colouring  not  quite  agree- 
ing Avith  those  given  by  the  authorities  for  an  aelult.  In  my  specimen  I 
should  describe  the  upper  surface  as  a  fine  dark  metallic  blue,  upper  sur- 
face of  wings  the  same,  tail  somewhat  lighter  blue  ;  under  surface,  silvery 
Avliite,  except  the  throat  and  chin,  ivJiich  are  axhij-ichite,  with  a  s)iiall  dark 
pafrJi  a  little  below  the  base  of  beak.  Sides  of  the  head  below  the  crest, 
a  darkish  grey ;   forehead,  bluish-grey.      The  wings  above  are  of  the  same 

'^  Dove — The  Crested  Fengnin  (Qatar rhactes  chrysocome- Forster),  in  Australian 
Waters  (Ibis  (10),  iii.,  1915,  p.  87). 


74  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN'   MUSEUM. 

tint  as  the  back  ;  beneath,  white,  with  bi'oad  patch  of  dark  blue  at  the 
tips,  the  same  kt  the  base,  extending  somewhat  on  to  body  in  front  of 
wing ;  there  is  also  a  border  of  dark  blue  on  the  upper  edge,  but 
not  extending  to  the  tip.  Beak,  dark  I'ed ;  feet,  reddish,  webbed, 
with  strong  nails.  The  tail  is  long  for  a  Penguin,  and  formed  of 
stili",  narrow  feathers.  The  crest  is  black,  formed  of  tine  pointed  feathers, 
the  pale  yellow  appejaring  only  underneath,  and  beginning  behind  the  eye. 
Total  length,  2-i  inches ;  wing,  G  in. ;  tail,  o  in.  ;  foot  (on  flat,  with  tar.sus), 
4.5  ;   beak,  2  in  ;   crest.  3  in. 

Mr.  Dove  has  furnished  me  Avitli  a  photograpli  of  this  bird,  stulTtMl 
and  mounted  (PL  xi.,  fig.  2). 

Mathews^  introduced  Fenijuinus^  Brunnich,  to  i-eplace  Catarrarfes, 
Brissun,  but  later  (with  Iredale),!^'  he  accepted  the  dictum  of  his  I'eviewer, 
"J. A. A."  in  "The  Auk,"  rejected  Peiiguiitus  and  adopted  tlie  genus 
Eudyptes,  Vieillot,  for  the  Crested  Penguins. 

Taking  Eiulijptes  rhrijsocome,  Forster  (the  Crested  Penguin)  as  the 
dominant  species,  Mathews  and  Iredale  grouped  E.  /xiclu/rhi/nchus,  Gray, 
the  Victoria  Penguin,  E.  lichiteri,  Buller,  the  Big-crested  Penguin,  and 
7i'.  ^7//()//,  Hutton,  the  Campbell  Island  Crested  Penguin,  as  sub-species. 
Tliey  separated  bJ.  scldeijfJi,  Fiusch,  tlie  Macaroni  Penguin,  as  a  dominant 
species,  and  stated  that  "  the  Macquarie  Island,  P.  sclilcfjeli,  is  tlie  New 
Zealand  representative  (but  seemingly  specifically  distinct)  of  the  Falk- 
land Island,  1\  rhri/solojj/iHS.''''  [The  initial  P.  (Pi'tiijiilitiiti)  is  evidently 
Avritten  in  error  for  E.  (Eudijptes)'].  The  New  Zealand  range  of  the 
varieties  of  the  Crested  Penguin  according  to  these  authors  is  as  follows  : — 
E.  chrijtiocotiie  (Tasmania),   New  Zealand    (?    breeding    on   the   south-west 

coast):   Anti[)odes  Island  (bi-eeding)  :   ?  Macquarie  Island  (breeding). 
E.  paclijrhi/iichns.     New  Zealand  Seas:   Snares  Island  (breeding). 
E.  scJ uteri.     New  Zealand  Seas:   Auckland   Island    (breeding)    ?   Bounty 

Island  (breeding). 
E.fillioli.      Campbell  Island  (biveding). 

Almost  synchionously'^  Matliews  gives  IL  juirlnirlniiii'/ins.  Gray, 
as  the  Australian  representative  oF  the  species.  As  he  ado])ted  Forster's 
Tasmanian  bird  as  the  type  of  the  species,  the  inclusion  of  the  New  Zea- 
land variety  in  the  Australian  list  is  a])parently  an  error. 

The  Australian  range  of  the  Crested   Penguin   is  given   by   various 
authors  as  follows: — 
Ramsay.^-      Gulf  of    Carpentaria,  New  South  WaU's,  Victoria   and    South 

Australia,  Tasmania. 
Cami)bell.i'^     Coasts    of    New    South    ^\^lU■s,    \'icturia,    South    and   West 

Australia,  Tasmania. 


"  Mathews — On  some  uecessai-y  alterations  in  the  Nomenclature  of  l!ird.s 
( Novitalcs  Zoolo(iica;,  xvii.,  IS)  10,  p.  197). 

'"  Mathews  and  Iredale— A  Reference  List  of  the  Birds  of  New  Zealand.  Pt.  i. 
(Ibis  (10)  i.,  191:5,  p.  219). 

"'  Mathew.s— A  List  of  the  Birds  of  .\ustraliii.  1913. 

1-  Ramsay — Tabular  List  of  Australian  Birds,  1888. 

la  Cami)bell — Nests  and  Eggs  of  Australian  Birds,  1901, 


ON    rilK   iiCCllMJKNi'K  (IF  TllK    rUK>lKI'     I'KMinX 1111,1,.  75 

Ilall.'^      Regions    5    (Tiisniania)    aiul    (i    (Western    Victoria    and     South 

Australia). 
Littler.15     Tasmania,  Soutli  Australia. i^ 
Mathews. 1^     Australian  Seas. 
Lucas  and  Le  Souef^^.      South  Australia,  'rasniania. 

Forster's  Aiilciiodi/lcs  clinj^'ocdiiif  having  been  cleHnitely  accepted  as 
the  type  of  the  Australian  representative  oi  the  species,  it  is  desirable  t(j 
discuss  the  author  and  the  material  upon  which  he  founded  the  species. 

John  Keint)ld  (sometimes  spelt  Reinhold  or  Reynohl)  Forster  and 
his  son  George,  arrived  in  England  from  Germany  in  17(!7.  lie  became 
associated  with  Joseph  Banks,  Lord  Sandwich,  and  Cook,  the  great  navi- 
gator.^^ As  soon  as  it  was  known  that  Mr.  Banks  had  withdrawn 
from  Cook's  proposed  second  expedition,  Forster  applied  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  Naturalist  for  the  vo3"age,  and  having  secured  the  interest  of  Lord 
Sandwich,  he  obtained  the  position.  He  was  to  receive  the  £4',000  which 
had  been  gi-anted  by  Parliament  to  secure  the  services  of  Dr.  Lynd.  His 
son,  a  youth  of  eighteen,  accompanied  him  as  his  assistant.^''' 

Captain  Cook-"^  in  describing  the  personnel  of  his  second  expedition, 
says: — "It  being  thought  of  public  utility,  that  some  person  skilled  in 
Natural  History  should  be  engaged  to  accompany  me  in  this  voyage,  the 
parliament  granted  an  ample  sum  for  that  purpose,  and  Mr.  John  Reinhold 
Forster,  with  his  son,  were  pitched  upon  for  this  employment." 

Forster  did  not  prove  an  agreeable  companion,  and  fell  out  with  most 
of  his  felloAV  voyagei's.  In  particuhir,  William  Wales,  the  astronomer  to 
the  expedition,  Avas  very  scathing  in  his  comments  upon  the  naturalist, 
his  personal  qualities  and  qualifications.-'^ 

Upon  his  I'eturn  from  the  voyage,  some  disagreement  arose  with 
regard  to  the  manner  in  which  Forster's  scientific  observations  were  to  be 
incorporated  in  the  narrative  of  the  expedition  for  publication.  This 
culmijiated  in  an  order  directed  by  Lord  Sandwich  to  Forster,  forbidding 
him  to  publish  anything  relating  to  the  voyage.  Notwithstanding  this 
prohibition,  Forster  published"--  an  account  of  the  voyage  under  his 
sou's  name. 

!■»  Hall— A  Key  to  tlie  Birds  of  Australia,  1906. 

i'  Littler  says  "  This  dweller  on  the  lonely  Islands  of  the  Southern  Ocean  is  very 
seldom  seen  round  the  coast  of  Tasmania.  A  few  specimens  have  been  taken  round 
the  Southern  Coast,  and  one  or  two  in  Bass  Strait."     (The  Birds  of  Tasmania,  1910). 

'«  Mathews— The  Birds  of  Australia,  i.,  1910. 

1'  Lucas  and  Le  Souef — The  Birds  of  Australia,  1911. 

I'*  Lichtensteiu — Descriptiones  animalium,  etc.,  184 1  (preface) . 

18  Kitson — Captain  James  Cook,  1907,  p.  2:38. 

-"  Cook — A  Voyage  towards  the  Soutli  Pole,  and  Kouud  the  World,  etc.,  1779 
(gen.  introd.,  p.  xxxiv.) 

-1  Wales — Kemarks  on  Mr.  Forster's  Account  of  Captain  Cook's  last  Voyage 
Round  the  World,  etc.,  1778. 

-^  Forster — A  Voyage  round  the  World  in  His  Britannic  Majesty's  Sloop 
Resolution,  etc.,  1778. 


76  RRConns  of  iiik  austkaliax  musktm. 

Frum  the  foregoing  an  inipai'tial  judgmeut  cau  easily  be  an'ived  at 
as  to  the  personal  characteristics  of  the  Author.  Now  as  to  the  material 
upon  which  he  founded  his  Jptenodi/tes  chnjsucoiiie. 

In  1781  he  published  an  account  of  the  ^^  Aptenodi/l(V,  ii  family  uf 
birds  peculiar  to  the  Southern  Hemisphere. ""-^"^  From  his  introductory 
remarks,  T  translate  the  following-^  :— 

"Daring  the  voyage  to  the  Southern  Hemisphere  which  I  undertook 
with  the  able  and  distinguished  navigator,  James  Cook,  who  has  been 
taken  from  us  by  an  untimely  death,  I  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing  a 
great  many  species  of  this  family,  and  of  examining  their  habits  and 
nature  with  considerable  care.  In  the  case  of  only  two  species  have  I 
described  the  skins  of  dead  birds  ;  one  species,  which  I  have  never  seen, 
has  become  known  to  me  only  from  Edwards'  plate.  Consequently, 
hardly  anyone  could  be  better  qualified  to  discuss  this  family  of  birds, 
wliether  by  reason  of  knowledge  or  of  being  an  eye  witness,  tlian  myself 
and  my  son,  Cleorge  Forster.  May  I,  therefore,  be  allowed  to  introduce  to 
ornithology  the  new  genus  of  the  Aptenodytie  (wingless  divers),  and  to 
communicate  their  history  to  the  learned  world  as  far  as  I  was  able  to 
investigate  it"  (p.  126).  "In  New  Zealand  we  saw  fairly  often  a  species 
and  we  described  it  because  it  had  not  been  examined  l)y  anyone 
before  us.  This  we  called  minor,  because  the  other  species  exceeded  it 
in  siz;e.  lief  ore  we  could  examine  this  species,  the  other  ship-^  was 
se[)arated  from  oui'S  during  a  period  of  fog,  ami  had  been  driven  to  the 
southern  extremity  of  New  Holland.  In  this  corner  of  New  Holland 
another  species  of  Aptenodytes,  which,  on  account  of  its  iviiiarkable  crest, 
I  have  called  clirysocoine,  had  been  killed  by  the  seamen.  An  example  of 
this  sj)ecies,  given  to  ine  by  the  celebrated  Captain  Tobias  Furneaux,  1 
myself  have  described,  Avhile  my  son  has  made  a  plate  of  it.  1  afterwards 
saw  in  London  anothei-  specimen,  brought  fixim  tlie  Falkland  Islands, 
which  .loll.  Steph.  Hn.usman,  M.D.,  has  now  ])hu'ed  in  the  Museum  of  His 
Serene  Jlighness,  the  Duke  of  Urunswick. 

"At  the  New  Year  Islands,  near  Stuateu  Ishind,  we  saw  several 
thousands  ot'  AiitunoJijtrs  iiudjetlidiird,  and  more  than  hve  hundred  of  them 
were  eaten  by  tlie  seamen.  We  luet  tliis  same  species  at  the  Islaiul  of 
South  Georgia,  in  Possession  llaihinir,  togetliei'  witli  another  gigantic 
species,  wliicli   we  accordingly  named  imhti-hnnifii . 

"  Jiefore  W'e  landed,  we  saw  I'roni  tlie  ship  in  the  neighhourliootl  ol' 
this  Island,  Penguins  with  intensely  reddish  eyes,  swimming  in  the  sea. 
We  had  come  across  the  same  kind  of  bird  in  the  sea  wliicli  washes  the 
Island  seen  by  the  French  Cjiptain,  Kei-gueleii,  in  the  neighiioiiihood  (if 
which  we  cruised,  the  air  being  obscured   for  some  days   by  a  very  dense 


-■''  Forster— II iKt-nria  AptenudytiLS  etc.,  1781,  p.  125. 

-■'  I   ackuowledj^e    iny    indeliteduess    to    Assistant- Professor    F.   A.  Todd,  of  the 
Sydney  University,  tor  elucidation  of  some  obscure  passages  in  the  Latin  text. 

-'•■'  The  Advculmc,  Captain  l''ururaii.\. 


0\  TIIR  OCerUUFNCK  OF  TlIK    CRKSTKK     l'F\<iri\ III'M,.  77 

\'og  ;  and  the  celebrated  Soniiernt-"  captured  tlio  same  species  almost  on 
the  Kqnatoi-.  Other  navigators  had  seen  the  same  birds  ton,  at  the  1^'alk- 
land  Islands,  and  we  called  this  Penguin  lon/iinhi,  because  of  its  wliite 
collar. 

P.  1"2S   "We  saw  another  species  brduglil   IVdin  ihe  Falkland  Islands 

P.  129  "The  A])tPnodyt.!V,  rJi nj^oconir ,  mtujeJ] (tii i en ,  aiitarclird,  and  minor, 
were  seen  bv  us  to  Hing  themselves  out  ol"  tlie  water  with  a  leap  and  with  a 
sort  of  sliooting  motion;  and  on  the  same  spo(  lodive  in  again,  liisl  with  the 
head,  and  then  with  the  wliole  bodv." 

Tlie  lii'st  species  to  be  describi'd  in  delail  is  the  C'resiod  Penguin.  I 
translate  the  following  : — j).  IMT).  ''AjiteitDihites  chrijxoco^^ie,  with  daik 
red  bill,  yellowish  feet;  frontal  ci'est,  narrow  and  erect,  auricnlai-  ci-est, 
snlplnir  coloured  and  dinoping  (IM.  x.,  tig.  1). 

"■  Pimioniu  saiih'itr,  l?ongainvill(>  Voyage,  p.  (')!>  (I<'i'fnch  (Mlition),  ])i). 
64-5  (English  edition). 

"■Ilahitiit :  The  southern  part  of  New  PTolland,  called  Van  Diemen's 
Laudt,  and  the  Falkland  Islands. 


2«  M.  Soniierat  (5)  puVjlished  his  "Voyage  a  la  Nouvelle  Guim'e"  in  1776. 
Chapter  xii.  of  this  work  is  entitled  "Description  de  qulecpies  Oiscanx  do  la  Nouvelle 
Guinoe."  From  this  chapter,  which  is  copiously  illustrated,  I  translate  the 
following  : — "  It  remains  only  for  lue  to  speak  of  three  birds,  all  three  of  the 
'Manchot'  (Pengnin)  family.  This  family  comprises  only  sea-birds,  the  species  it 
contains  are  all  devoid  of  the  power  to  fly,  they  walk  awkwardly,  and  in  walking 
carry  the  bead  erect  and  perpendicular  ;  their  feet  are  right  behind,  and  so  short 
that  the  bird  can  only  take  very  short  steps.  The  wings  are  only  appendages 
attached  to  tlie  place  where  true  wings  ought  to  belong  ;  their  use  seems  only  to  be 
to  assist  the  staggering  bird,  and  to  serve  it  as  a  balancing  pole,  in  its  erratic  course. 
The  sea  "is  the  element  of  the  Penguins.  Travellers  often  confuse  thein  with  the 
'  i3ingoins '  ;  they  differ  from  the  latter,  however,  in  two  very  perceptiltle  characters, 
in  the  shape  of  the  wings,  which  although  very  short  and  very  narrow  in  the 
'pingoins,'  nevertheless,  allow  them  to  rise  and  to  fly  some  distance  ;  in  the  shape  of 
the  bill,  which  in  the  '  pingoins '  is  large  and  flattened  at  the  sides,  and  in  the 
'Manchots'  is  thin,  rounded  and  cylindrical.  The  '  Manchots '  inhaliit  desert 
islands  in  the  Indian  and  American  oceans,  they  come  to  land  to  pass  the  niglit,  and 
to  lay  their  eggs.  The  inability  of  these  birds  to  fly,  the  difficulty  they  experience  in 
running,  place  them  at  the  mercy  of  those  who  chance  to  land  on  the  islands  which 
serve  them  for  shelter.  They  are  captured  running  ;  knocked  on  the  head  with  a 
stick  or  stone,  and  owing  to  their  form,  which  pnts  it  out  of  their  power  to  avoid  an 
enemy,  they  are  regarded  as  being  stupid,  and  no  trouble  is  taken  to  look  after  their 
preservation.  They  are  not  found  in  inhabited  places,  and  have  never  been  there. 
They  belong  to  a  race  which,  unable  to  defend  themselves  or  to  escape,  will  surely 
disappear,  aljove  all,  where  man  the  desti'oyer  settles,  who  allows  nothing  to  survive 
which  he  can  annihilate.  1  will  mention  the  three  Manchots  which  I  liave  observed, 
one  the  Manchot  of  New  Guinea,  another,  the  Collared  Manchot  of  New  Guinea,  and 
the  third,  the  Manchot  Papua." 

Sonnerat's  plates  show  that  the  first  is  the  King  Ve\\gi\h\  (Aidenodyles  pata- 
chonica),  the  second,  the  Collared  (Forster's  tovqiiata)  and  the  third,  the  Gentoo  Pen- 
guin (Pygoscelis  p(tpua).  Obviously  Sonnerat  had  specimens  of  the  lurds  to  describe 
and  to  delineate,  but  equally  ol^viously  he  was  in  error  in  including  them  in  the  avi- 
fauna of  New  Guinea.  Forster  )>lindly  followed  him  and  gave  New  Guinea  as  a 
habitat  (inter  alia)  oi  his  Aptenodyteg  2}afac]tnnica,  A.  torijnata,  nnd  A.  papna.  This 
error  ajipears  also  to  have  been  responsible  for  Kamsay's  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  and 
Campbell's  Nortliern  Territory  ranges  for  E.  clii-ysoconw." 


78  RECORDS  OP  THE  AU^^TRALIAN  MUREFM. 

"  Captain  Tobias  Furneanx,  having  becoine  sepai^ated  from  our  ship 
about  the  month  of  March,  1773,  reached  the  soutliernmost  corner  of  New 
Holland,  and  in  a  harbour  called  Adventure  Baj  found  this  Penguin  sit- 
ting on  a  rock.  One  of  the  sailors  disabled  it  with  one  blow  of  a  stick, 
and  captured  it.  He  then  took  it  alive  to  the  ship,  in  which  it  lived  for 
some  days.  Wlien  it  died  the  skin  was  stuffed  by  order  of  the  Captain, 
and  entrusted  to  me  to  describe  ;  my  son  also  made  a  drawing  of  it.  My 
distinguished  young  friend,  Joh.  vStephan  Hausman,  M.D.,  lately  a  mem- 
ber of  the  University  of  Gcitlingen,-^  had  bought  another  example  of  the 
same  species  in  London,  and  had  resolved  to  place  it  in  the  Museum  of 
His  Serene  Highness,  the  Duke  of  Brunswick.-*^  I  ordered  tliis  to  be 
again  examined  and  drawn,  giving  the  commission  to  .To.  Fred  Miller,  the 
talented  painter  and  copper  plate  engraver.  These  Penguins  lay  their 
eggs  among  the  nests  of  the  Cormoi'ants.-*'  When  angry  tliey  erect  their 
ci'ests.  While  swimming  they  jump  out  of  tli(»  \v:iter  in  k\aps  and  tlieii 
dive  again."     Tlie  detailed  description  of  tlie  species   follows. 

In  a  note  Forster  says: — "In  the  figure  of  this  and  of  the  I'est  of 
the  Penguins,  I  find  the  artist  wanting  in  accui-aey,  especially  in  regard  to 
the  feet;  and  I  draw  attention  to  this  lest  others  be  led  astray  through 
fault  of  mine." 

In  1844  Lichtenstein"*'  published  a  volume  containing  desci^iptions 
of  the  animals  collected  and  obsei'ved  by  Forster  during  the  voyage  to  the 
southern  seas,  compiled  from  Forster's  own  annotated  papei's.  The 
I'eference  to  the  Crested  Penguin  is  found  on  page  348  as  follows  : — 

"The  other  Captain  had  iii'st  found  the  Crested  Penguin  in  the 
southern  part  of  New  Holland,  and  had  brought  its  dried  skin  with  him. 
I  made  my  drawing  and  description  from  this  and  called  the  bird 
Apteiiodytes  rhri/socome.  Its  specific  character  will,  therefore,  be  properly 
expressed  thus : — 'A.  With  twin  auricular  ci'ests  drooping  and  sulj)hiir 
coloured.'  Bougninville  describes  another  Crested  Penguin  living  in 
colonies  at  tlic  Falkland  Islands.  It  is  smaller  than  the  jniftK/oni'i'ti,  pro- 
gresses by  leaps,  is  active,  of  a  rich  yellow,  with  a  golden  crest  whicli  it 
ei'ects  when  annoyed,  and  with  yellow  eyelids.  Perhaps  this  is  identical 
with  our  chriisocome,  or  may  even  be  a  distinct  species  ;  but  the  obscure 
description  of  the  distinguished  voyager  does  not  make  this  cleai-.'" 

From  the  foregoing  extracts,  one  fact  stands  out  incDiitidveitibly, 
viz.  :  that  Forstei''s  Apteiiodi/tes  rhnjsocome  is  a  com])osite,  founded  on  a 
dried  skiji  taken  in  Tasmania,  and  another,  bought  in  London,  said  to  have 
been  brought  from  the  Falkland   Islands. 

In  describing  his  movements  fi'oni  the  time  he  became  se])arate(l  in 
the  "Adventure"  from  Captain  Cook  in  tlie  "  Resoluticni,"  Fui'iieaux'" 
recounts  liis  arrival  at  Van   Diemen's    Land,  and  sojourn  in  "  Adventure 


27  "  Civis  nuper  (.ieor<j;i!e  AugustBe."  (Jecii'tjia  Auj^^usta  is  tlie  University  of 
Gottiuf^en,   comiuonly   known   by   that  name  to  this  day.     Civis=:Civis  acndeuiicus. 

-'*  Gi)ttin;^en  is  in  tlie  Duchy  of  Brunswick. 

'-*•  "Inter  Pelecanoruin  nidos  ovji  (lc])oiniiit."  'I'lie  (Vnniorant  ri'i'envd  to  is 
P.  cavnvctihitns.  a  Falkland  I.sland  si)ecies. 

3'  Lichtcnateiu  —  Doscrijjtiont's  aniuialiuui,  etc.,  1844. 

■"  Cook — A  Voyaj^t'  towards  the  Soutli  Polo,  and  Pound  tlie  Worhl,  eto.,  1779, 
i.,1).  112. 


ON    lUE  OCCUUUKNCK  (iF    IHE    CKESTKD    I'ENCUIN UULL.  79 

Bay.  '  He  details  tlie  natural  features,  signs  of  natives,  trees,  plants  and 
animals,  and  proceeds: — "The  land  l)ir(ls  we  saw,  are  a  bird  like  the 
raven  ;  some  of  the  crow  kind,  black,  with  the  tips  of  tlie  feathei'S  of  the 
tail  and  wings  white,  theii-  bill  long  and  very  sharp;  some  parroquets  ; 
and  several  kinds  of  small  birds.  The  sea-fowl  are  ducks,  teal  and  the 
sheldrake.  1  forgot  to  mention  a  large  white  bird,  that  one  of  the  gentle- 
men shot,  about  the  size  of  a  large  kite  of  the  eagle  kind."  No  mention 
is  made  of  the  capture  of  the  Crested  Penguin.  In  his  "Voyage"-" 
also,  Forster  does  not  mention  receiving  the  skin  from  Furneaux,  although 
he  relates  in  detail  the  separation  of  the  two  shi[)s  (Forstei-  was  on  the 
Resolution),  the  reunion  in  Queen  Charlotte  Sound,  and  Furneaux'  account 
of  his  doings  in  the  interim. 

1. — The  type  of  Eadyptea  chnjsocome,  Forster,  in  relation  to  Australia 
was  described  from  the  dried  skin  of  a  bird  captured  in  1773,  in  Adventure 
Bay,  Tasmania,  where  the  species  was,  even  at  that  time,  of  rare  occurrence. 

2. — The  true  habitat  of  the  species  is  limited  to  the  subantarctic 
islands — Kergueleu,  Macquarie,  Antipodes,  Snares,  and  Campbell  Islands, 
where  it  breeds  in  colonies. 

3. — Between  breeding  seasons  it  ranges  over  the  seas  washing  the 
southern  coasts  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand. 

4. — Individuals  occasionally  land  on  the  Tasmauian  and  Australian 
coasts,  but  they  never  breed,  and  have  never  bred  on  tjiese  coasts. 

5. — The  range  of  the  species  is  gradually  extending  northwaid,  but 
whether  this  is  part  of  a  general  northward  migration  of  Antarctic  species, 
there  is  not  sufficient  evidence  available  to  show.  It  may  be  pointed  out 
in  this  connection  that  the  Little  Penguin  (Eudyptula  minor,  Forster) 
has,  within  the  last  twenty  years,  extended  its  breeding  range  from 
Montague  Island,  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles  south  of  Port  Jackson,  to 
Port  Stephens,  ninety  miles  north  of  that  harbour. 

Bihliograplnj. 

Campbell,  Archibald  John  —  List  of  Birds  identified  by  the  Field 
Naturalists'  Club  of  Victoria,  during  its  expedition  to  King  Island, 
November,  1887  (Victorian,  Naturalist,  iv.,  1887-8,  p.  138). 

List    oi    West    Australian    Birds,    showing   their    Geographical 

Distribution  throughout  Australia,  including  Tasmania.  (Proc.  Roy. 
Soc.  Edin.,  xvii.,  1889-90,  p.  304). 

Nests  and  Fggs  of  Australian  Birds     .      .      .      Sheffield,  1901. 


CoMGKAVE,  C.  P. — [Note  on  Calarrhactes  rtirysoconte~\  (Emn,  ix.,  1909,  p.  92). 

CouK,  James — A  Vo3age  towards  the  South  Pole  and  Round  the  World, 
performed  in  His  Majesty's  Ships  the  Resolution  and  Adventure  in 
the  years   1772,   1773,   1774  and  1775.      London,  1779. 

Dove,  H.  Stuart— The  Crested  Penguin  (Cutarrhactes  chrysoconie,  Forster) 
in  Australian  Waters  (Ibis  (10),  iii.,  1915,  p.  87). 

•*-  Forster  (G.) — A  Voyage  round  the  World  in   His  Britannic  Majesty's  Sloop 
Resolution,  etc.,  1778. 


80  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEtTM. 

FoRSTER,  George,  F.R.S. — A  Voyage  ruuud  the  Wurld  in  His  Britauuic 
Majesty's  Sloop  Resolutiou,  cummanded  by  Captaiu  James  Cook, 
during  the  years  1772, o,-i  aud  5.      Loudon,  1777. 

FoRSTER,  John  Reinold,  LL.D. — Historia  Apteuodytiv,  Generis  avium 
orbi  australi  proprii.      Comment,  (Kitting,  iii.,  1781. 

Gould,  John — The  Bii-ds  of  Australia,  vii    (fol.)      London,  1848. 

Hall,  Robert — A  Key  to  the  Birds  of  Australia  aud  Tasmania  .  .  . 
Melbourne,  1906. 

KlTSON,  Arthur — Captain  James  Cook       .      .      .      London,  1907,  p.  238. 

LiCHTBNSTEiN,  H.  Descriptiones  animalium  quae  in  itinere  ad  maris 
australis  terras  per  annas  1772,  1773  et  1774  suscepto,  collegit, 
observavit  et  deliueavit  Joannes  Reinoldus  Forster;  Regiae  Societatis 
scientiarum  Londinensis  sodalis,  hunc  demum  editae  auctoritate  et 
impensis  Academicae  literarum  regiae  Berolinae  curante  Henrico 
Lichtenstein.     Berolini,  1844. 

Littler,  Frank  Mervyn — A  Handbook  of  the  Birds  of  Tasmania      .      .     . 

Launceston,  1910. 
Lucas,  A.  H.  S.  and  Le  Souef,  W.   H.   Dudley — The  Birds  of   Australia. 

Melbourne,  1911. 
Mathews,  Gregory  M. — On  some  necessary  alterations  in  the  nomenclature 

of  Birds  (Novitatefi  Zoologica',  xvii.,  1910,  p.  497). 

The  Birds  of  Australia,  i.      London,  1910-1911. 

A  List  of  the  Birds  of  Australia.      London,  1913. 

and  Ikbdale,  Tom. — A  Reference  List  of  the  Birds  of  Ncav  Zea- 
land.    Pt.  i.     (Ibis  (10),  i.,  1913). 

NiCHOLLS,  E.  Brooke — Notes  on  the  Crested  Penguin  (Catarrhactes  chnjso- 
co))te)      (Emu,  X.,  July,  1910,  p.  41). 

Ramsay,  E.  P. — Tabular  List  of  all  the  Australian  Birds  at  present  known 
to  the  Author     .     .     .     Sydney,  1888. 

Sonnerat,  p. — Voyage  a  la  Nouvelle  Guiuee.      Paris,  1776. 

Wales,  William,  F.R.S. — Astronomer  on  Board  the  Resolution,  in  the 
Voyage  under  the  appointment  of  the  Board  of  Longitude.  Remarks 
on  Mr.  Foi'ster's  Account  of  Captain  Cook's  last  Voyage  round  the 
World,  1772,  1773,  1774  and  1775.      London,  1778. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    X. 


Fig.  1.  Aplenodytes  cbrysofome,  Forster,  re])roduced  by  pprniissioii  of 
tlie  Trustees  of  the  Mitchell  Library,  Sydney,  from 
Forster's  "  Historia  Aptenodyta^"  1781. 

2-;>.      Eudyptes   chrysocome,    Foi'ster,  captured   at    FttaUing    Beach, 
Broken  Bay,  New  Soutli  Wales,  in  Decembei-,  1917. 


]{]■]('.   AISTH.  ^irS.,  VOL.    XII 


Pl.ATK    X. 


^ 


Miiitds  liy  (I)  Mkim'Ki;  :iih1  Kamsav. 


EXl'LAXA'I'lON    OK    I'LATK    XI. 


Fig.  1.      Kiidvptes  chrysocome,   Forstei',   captured   at    Lome,  Vietoi'in,    in 
*  February,  1910. 

2.      Kudvutes  chrysocome,  Foi'stei',  found  dead  ou  beach  near   Devon- 
port,  Tasmania,  in  Septembei',  191:5. 


\{VA\    AlSTi;,    Ml  S..    \  Ol..    M 


Fl,ATK    XI, 


Pilot  OS  by  (1)  W.  A.  PoTTKi;. 

(2)   H.   SiUAKT  DOVK. 


Al'STHAIJAX      I'KAl'-DOOli     SI'IDKKS 

i;v 
W.    .1.    1{  \i\i;(i\v.    K.K.S.,   Kiit()iii()lo<?ist,  the  Aiistni  liaii  Miisi'iiiii, 

A  \  I ) 

n.    11.    Pii.i.KiNK,   M.H.,  Cli.M.   rSydiiev). 

IMates  xii.-xxiv. 

IxrijoDrcrioN. 

This  paper  deals  with  a  large  amount  of  material  chiefly  personally 
collected  by  one  of  the  authois  [R.H.P.]  between  1907-1917  in  all  the  Con- 
tinental States,  except  Victoria. 

The  collections  in  South  Australia  have  been  much  assisted  by 
teachei^s  of  the  State  schools,  who  in  many  cases,  turned  the  nature  study 
interests  of  their  scholai's  towards  the  study  of  spiders.  This  was  stimu- 
lated by  the  contribution  of  a  series  of  illustrated  papers  on  Araneida?  to 
The  Children's  Hour.  One  of  the  most  able  and  indefatigable  collectors  was 
Mr.  T.  Nevin,  at  that  time  at  Mallala,  thirty  miles  north  of  Adelaide. 
The  references  to  localities  in  this  paper  will  shew  how  thoroughly  the 
district  was  worked,  and  a  great  quantity  of  material  of  all  kinds  of  spiders 
sent  in  for  stCidy. 

The  Queensland  collections  have  been  largely  augmented  by  Dr.  T. 
Bancroft,  of  Eidsvold,  who  lives  in  a  district  at  the  head  of  the  Burnett 
River  watershed,  which  is  evidently  surpassingly  rich  in  Territellariae. 
To  his  efforts  we  owe  the  discovei-y  of  the  new  gi-ouy)  Dolichosternese  and 
many  new  genei"a  and  species. 

South  ArsriJAi.iA. 

The  first  collections  made,  were  by  one  of  the  writei's  [R.H.P.]  on  the 
Adelaide  Plains  and  the  Mount  Lofty  Ranges.  On  the  Adelaide  Plains, 
with  an  average  rainfall  of  a  little  over  twenty  inches,  the  summer  heat 
conditions  are  at  times  vevj  severe. 

The  common  trapdoor  spiders  are  Blaldstonia  imrea,  Hogg,  and 
Aganippe  svhtristis,  Camb. 

The  BlaJiistoyia  is  to  be  found  nearly  everywhere  in  parks  and  gar- 
dens, paddocks,  and  the  unploughed  ground  along  the  highways  leading 
from  the  city.  In  many  places  between  Adelaide  and  the  sea,  the  nests  of 
this  species  occur  in  great  numbers,  not  infrequently  there  being  several 
to  the  square  yard  (PI.  xiii.,  fig.  8).  The  Blakistouiu  must  be  regarded 
as  having  considerable  economic  value  in  reducing  grasshoppers  and  other 
pests.  As  is  usual  with  the  Territellariae  the  inhabitants  of  the  burrows 
are  always  females  and  the  males  are  chiefly  found  in  the  cold,  wet  weather, 
hiding  under  stones.  The  young  seem  to  stay  with  the  mother  for  a  good 
time  after  leaving  the  pillow-shaped  egg  sac,  which  is  suspended  half  way 
down  the  tube.  V^gg  sacs  were  found  in  April  and  in  the  winter  (June 
and  July),  the  young  frequently  occupy  the  tube,  leaving  it  in  the  spring 
to  colonise  in  the  vicinity  of  the  parent  burrow.  It  is  to  be  noted  that 
the  first  infantile  burrows  are   not   provided    with    lids ;  after   about  the 


82  RECORDS  OP  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

third  moult  the  lid  is  put  on  and  the  increase  in  the  size  of  the  burrow  is 
kept  up  bj  cleaning  out  and  adding  to  the  lid  until  the  maximum  is 
reached.  When  the  lid  is  broken  off  a  fresh  one  is  soon  built  from  the 
hinge  inwards.  In  the  wet  weather  in  moist  situations  the  burrow  is 
often  half  full  of  water.  This  does  not  seem  to  incommode  the  spiders  as 
ther  have  even  been  found  below  the  water  level. 

The  presence  of  enemies,  especially  the  larger  predatory  wasps,  makes 
it  necessary  for  the  spider  to  seal  its  burrow  by  spinning  round  the  edge 
of  the  lid  on  the  inside  surface.  Occasionally  one  finds  the  l)ottle-shaped 
pupa  cases  of  the  wasps  in  the  bui'row  with  the  fragments  of  the  spider 
exoskeleton. 

Agivn'ppe  snhtriiitu,  Camb.  (PI.  xii.,  fig.  3,  and  PI.  xxi.,  fig.  32),  is  far 
less  abundant ;  it  has  a  rounder  lid,  and  is  less  easy  to  find  than  the  fore- 
going. It  is  very  variable  in  size,  and  occasionally  one  finds  a  giantess  of 
of  such  proportions  that  it  is  hai'd  to  recognise  as  the  ordinary  form. 
The  habits  of  this  species  closely  agree  with  with  those  of  the  Blal-istoaiK. 
Although  occasional  specimens  of  other  species  may  be  found  on  the  plains' 
they  are  chiefly  met  with  as  we  ascend  the  foothillls  of  the  Mount  Lofty 
Ranges.  Thus  on  Black  Hill  we  find  AfiKnippc  modesta,  sp.  nov.  (PI.  xiii., 
figs.  4  and  5  and  PI.  xxi.,  figs.  47  and  48),  and  the  peculiar  Lampropodvs 
scivtillans,  gen.  et  sp.  nov.,  of  the  group  Diplothelefie. 

The  males  of  the  latter  species  had  been  long  known   to  us  from  the 
sea  coast  and  Mallala,  but  it  was  not  until  1917  that  we  found  the  female, 
and  established  the  fact  that  a  member  of  the  Barychelinese  can  build  a. 
nest  and  lid  like  those  of  the  Ctenizese  (PI.  xvii.,  figs.  17-20  and  PI.  xviii., 
figs.  21  and  22)  ;   on  this  occasion  two  specimens  were  found. 

The  higher  altitudes  of  the  Mount  Lofty  Kanges,  where  the  rainfall 
varies  from  forty  to,  in  places,  fifty  inches  and  over,  has  proved  to  be  very 
rich  in  general  species,  and  certainly  it  has  been  well  worked.  Bh(kii>tovia 
aurea,  Hogg,  is  still  found  there,  and  often  shews  a  peculiar  modification 
of  the  lid,  which  is  furnished  with  accui'ately  interlocking  dentations. 
Missuleiui  rnbr(>C(tpitat<(,  Aussr.  and  M.  oceator'm^  Walck.,  occur  frequently, 
the  highly  coloured  males  of  the  former  being  most  often  sent  in. 

In  June,  1908,  a  female  of  the  latter  was  discovered  in  the  lining 
tube  intact,  and  this  was  found  to  have  a  door  of  the  wafer  type  without 
any  admixture  of  earth  Subsequently,  two  more  3//.sK«/e»(«  burrows  were 
found  with  wafer  doors,  in  1910,  at  Terowie. 

The  roadside  cuttings  around  Mount  Lofty  and  Aldgate,  and 
thence  to  Mylor,  have  been  most  thoroughly  searched  and  have  yielded  a 
number  of  species  of  Aijanippc,  Byarcyo^A,  Annadalia,  Ananis  and  Chenis- 
tonia.  One  of  the  commonest  is  A)i((»ie  vebidosn,  sp.  nov.,  which  is  found 
practically  evei*3'whei'e  and  which  builds  the  most  ingenious  nest  yet  found 
amongst  the  Austi-alian  Territellaria-.  Other  species  of  Aiianic  such  as 
A.  hin'ii,  Kulcz.,  .1 .  [innidix,  sp.  nov.  and  .1.  hirsufit,  sp.  nov.,  are  content  with 
a  burrow  closed  with  a  hymen,  with  a  smnll  central  aperture  to  squeeze 
through. 

Tlie  nest  of  .1.  nchnlosd  (PI.  xx.,  ligs.  2(),  27,  28),  if  in  an  ex])osed 
place,  has  a  colliii-  ol'  h'aves  or  grass  to  turn  olT   the  rain.      As  a   rule   the 


Ai'sTRAiJAN  I  i;Ar-iHi(ii;  sniiKi;s — i.'ainiuiw  anii  iti.i.kimc.  f>?> 

burrow  is  seven  inclies  deep,  and  at  fonr  inclies  fVom  tlie  to})  the  closing 
mechanism  is  fixed.  This  is  formed  by  a  caff  of  web,  free  at  tlie  top,  fixed 
below,  and  weighted  on  one  side  by  a  flat-sided  or  hemisplierical  pill  of 
earth,  which,  when  the  burrow  is  open,  is  fitted  into  a  hollow  in  its  side. 
When,  however,  the  cuH'  is  jmlled  down  from  below,  the  pill  falls  over  and 
forms  an  effectual  door  to  the  lower  part  of  the  tube.  This  is  more 
effectual  as  a  protection  than  the  .surface  lid,  which  is  not  wholly  secure 
against  predatory  wasps.  It  is  singular  that  we  find  the  occurrence  of 
the  Territellarife  found  in  the  Mount  Lofty  Ranges  much  influenced  by 
the  geological  and  forest  conditions.  The  gritty  clay  of  the  stringy  bark 
country  (Encahiptux  (uiplteJI((tti)  being  i]i  our  experience  much  richei'  than 
the  open  forest  country  with  its  sparse  undergrowth.  The  agricultural 
areas  or  grass  plains  to  the  north  of  Adelaide,  extending  about  one  hun- 
dred and  tiftj-  miles,  have  not  been  exhaustively  studied,  but  many  species 
are  recoi'ded  from  Booboorowie  (near  Burra),  Yarcowie,  Cauowie  and 
Mallala  ;  the  last  named  place,  perhaps,  giving  the  best  idea  of  the  deni- 
zens of  the  open  Mallee  scrubs. 

In  the  winter  of  1910,  one  of  us  [R.H.P.]  spent  several  days  at  Pichi 
Richi  Pass,  a  gorge  in  the  Flindei's  Ranges,  between  Quorn  and  Port 
Augusta.  This  was  found  to  yield  a  good  number  of  species,  including  the 
largest  South  Australian  Territellarian,  Selenocosniia  stirlinyi,  Hogg.  This 
species  lives  in  deep  burrows  and  spins  a  hymen  like  the  Anames.  The 
large  A  name  grandis  is  also  found  there.  This  constructs  a  bui-row  iden- 
tical with  that  of  Selenocosmia,  with  a  hymen. 

Bluhistonla  atn-ea,  Hogg,  also  extends  its  limits  northward  to  the 
Flinders  Ranges,  where  it  is  found  in  company  with  Ai/nnippe  suhtristis,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Pichi  Richi  Creek  at  Wool  Shed  Flat.  In  1910,  this 
gorge  was  an  excellent  hunting  ground  for  all  sorts  of  Araneids,  but  it 
was  noticed  in  passing  through  on  January  1st,  1918,  that  the  foothills 
and  gullies,  formerly  visited  [R.H.P.]  were  covered  with  wheat  fields  and 
nearly  all  the  mallee  scrub  removed. 

The  Pichi  Richi  Pass  opens  out  on  the  plain  at  the  head  of  Spencer's 
Gulf,  near  Port  Augusta.  The  country  round  the  head  of  the  Gulf  was 
visited  in  the  same  expedition.  This  country  is  largely  sand,  with  samphire 
flats,  covered  with  Kochin,  Suhola,  blue  bush  and  salt  bush.  Besides 
Territellari^  there  are  several  species  of  lid-building  Lycosas,  some  of 
which  build  a  firm  collar  to  hold  the  lid,  and  having  a  primitive  hinge. 
Species  that  do  not  build  lids  in  this  country  would  be  exposed  constantly 
to  the  danger  of  having  their  buri'ows  filled  with  the  dinft  from  sand 
storms. 

The  best  field  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Port  Augusta  was  a  samphire 
flat  to  the  east  of  the  town.  There  wei'e  found  Ajaii.lppe  rohusta,  sp.  nov., 
AnicUops  manstridgei,  Pocock  and  Uatns  hirsutns,  sp.  nov.  The  latter, 
which  is  rare,  sometimes  reaches  a  large  size  and  a  giant  specimen, 
undoubtedly  of  considerable  age,  had  a  burrow  about  twelve  inches  in 
depth,  over  a  quarter  of  which  was  packed  the  debris  of  food,  chiefly  parts 
of  Coleoptera. 

The  burrows  and  lids  of  this  species,  as  of  that  of  Aii,idioph-,  do  not 
shew  great  variation  from  the  Ctenizid  type,  i.e.,  a  thick  lid  of  alternate 
layers  of  earth  and  web,  like  a  gun  wad,  with  a  well  constructed  hinge. 


84  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

The  pai't  of  South  Australia  south  of  the  Murray  has  not  so  far  been 
well  explored,  and  will  pi'obably  yield  new  species.  The  same  is  true  of 
Yorke's  Peninsula  and  Eyre's  Peninsula,  of  which  our  knowledge  is  limited 
to  very  few  species. 

Western  Australia. 

May,  1912. — After  examining  the  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Perth, 
some  excursions  were  made  into  the  Darling  Ranges  and  down  the  South 
Coast  as  far  as  Pinjarra.  King's  Pax'k  proved  to  be  the  best  collecting 
ground  near  Perth,  and  Agani'pjje  rhaphichica,  sp.  uov.,  was  found  on  the 
sandy  cliffs  overlooking  the  Swan  River  and  in  the  banks  of  the  footpaths 
which  go  along  the  river  face  of  the  cliffs.  This  species  builds  a  well- 
formed  lid  of  the  usual  Aganippid  type,  and  the  excavation  was  of  the 
ordinary  form  and  length.  A  prolonged  search  in  this  locality  failed  to 
disclose  any  further  forms. 

At  Kalamunda,  in  the  Darling  Ranges,  Albaniana  Havomaculata,  sp. 
nov.,  was  found  under  grass  trees,  the  nests  being  of  Ctenizid  type. 
Anavie  fuscocincta,  sp.  nov.,  was  also  collected  here.  At  the  Mundaring 
Weir,  were  noticed  the  abodes  of  Tei^ritellaria?,  but  time  did  not  allow  of 
their  investigation. 

At  Armadale,  on  the  Southern  Coast,  road  conditions  proved  favour- 
able, and  on  the  sheltered  banks  of  a  small  creek  AJhauiana  ivor)tatcf,  sp. 
nov.,  and  A.  flavoniaculata,  sp.  nov.,  were  discovered.  These  built  beauti- 
fully formed,  though  fragile,  lids  with  ridges  sharply  cut,  suggesting  the 
impression  of  a  Chione,  or  other  bivalve  shell.  Arinadalia  setosa,  sp.  nov., 
Clieuistonia  aiiropilosa,  sp.  nov.,  and  Ixamatvs  maculatiis,  sp.  nov.,  were  also 
found  in  this  favoured  locality.  A  search  was  made  further  along  the 
road,  and  near  Jarrahdale,  Aname  mactdatit,  sp.  nov.,  was  foxind  in  the 
steep  banks  of  one  of  the  creeks  coming  down  from  the  Darling  Ranges. 
There  are  many  of  these  creeks,  and  it  is  certain  that  new  discoveries 
await  anyone  who  will  carefully  examine  their  banks. 

In  the  West  Australian  Museum  at  Perth,  thei'e  is  the  large  lid  of  a 
Ctenizid  from  Pinjarra.  This  spot  Avas  visited  but  the  species  that  makes 
the  type  of  lid  referred  to  was  not  found,  although,  a  little  later,  we 
obtained  a  nest  from  the  local  school  master. 

December,  1917. — The  country  round  the  iipper  and  lower  Blackwood 
River  in  South  Western  Australia  : — The  most  interesting  discovery  was 
Agani2ype  latior,  0.  P.  Cambridge,  described  many  years  ago.  This  species 
is  not  uncommon  on  the  road  banks  following  the  course  of  the  Blackwood 
River  to  Nannup.  It  was  found  in  company  with  Arbauitis  festin(.<, 
sp.  nov.,  and  Anavie  intricata,  sp.  nov.  The  A.  latior  was  busy  rearing 
its  brood,  and  its  egg  bags  were  suspended  from  the  roof  of  the  horizontal 
buri'ows  in  such  a  way  that  the  spider  could  get  in  and  out  without 
disturbing  them.  The  buri"ow  of  Arbauitis  festivus  was  closed  by  a  lid  which 
did  not  dift"er  greatly  from  that  of  Agauippe  latior,  but  the  egg  bag  was  of 
a  different  form,  being  suspended  by  eight  or  ten  threads  like  a  hammock 
from  the  sloping  i-oof  of  the  burrow.  The  Karri  country,  between 
Nannup  and  the  coast,  failed  to  disclose  any  Ctenizae,  and  the  only  species 
obtained  was  Cheiiistonia  villosa  at  Carlotta  Brook.  This  intei-esting 
spider  was  found  under  logs,  one  with  the  young  in  the  egg  bag  just 
preparing  to  emerge. 


Al  .-TK'AMAN    I  K  A  1'- lUjOi;    S1'1I>EHS KAINiKtW    ANh    ITM.KINK.  85 

New  South  Wales. 

August,  1910,  Sydney  and  Blue  Mountains. — This  excursion  yielded 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Sydney,  Arbain'tls  (/racillx,  sp.  nov.,  a  beauti- 
ful species  building  a  tliin  sandy  lid.  It  was  found  in  the  Domain  under 
overhanging  rocks  near  Mrs.  Macquarie's  Chair,  and  afterwards  at  various 
places,  including  Balmoral  and  Manly,  and  seems  to  be  widely  distributed 
round  the  harbour.  In  the  gulley  at  the  back  of  Clifton  Gai'dens,  Bijar- 
cyops  mehuicholicufi,  sp.  nov.,  was  discovered,  and  there  it  is  not  uncommon. 
In  one  large  burrow,  a  male  and  female  were  captured,  which  is  quite 
unusual  in  our  experience.  A  new  Aiuaiie,  A.  decora,  was  collected  at  the 
same  place,  and  there  are  probably  other  species  awaiting  the  collector  in 
the  sheltered  rock  ledges  here  and  in  Middle  Harbour. 

A  visit  to  Jenolan  Caves  in  the  same  mouth,  3'ielded  Arbauitis  moii- 
tdiius,  sp.  nov.,  found  along  the  creek  outside  the  Grand  Arch  ;  and  on  the 
return  between  Mount  Victoria  and  Katoomba,  Dyarci/ops  hirhi,  Kulcz., 
was  found  in  abundance.  This  species  was  collected  by  Biro,  of  the 
Hungarian  National  Museum,  in  1900,  on  his  way  back  from  New  Britain 
and  Huon  Gulf,  where  he  had  collected  a  large  number  of  Araneids  and 
several  Aviculariidee.^ 

January,  1911,  South  Coast  of  New  South  Wales. — The  tirst  place 
visited  Avas  Stanwell  Park,  a  subtropical  rain  forest  in  the  Illawarra  dis- 
trict, whei^e  Stunwellia  decora,  sp.  nov.,  was  observed  and  collected.  Its 
simple  unclosed  burrows  are  common  on  the  bank  forming  the  upper  side 
of  what  is  now  the  old  road.  Here  the  ground  is  moist  and  soft,  over- 
grown with  dwarf  ferns  and  mosses,  and  shaded  fi'oni  the  sun  most  of  the 
day.  This  was  the  only  species  found  in  the  coal  area,  Ctenizae  evident!}' 
being  absent.  The  next  Territellarian  met  with  on  this  walking  tour  was  at 
Termeil  Mountain,  south  of  UUadulla.  This  was  Atrax  versnta,  Rainb. 
(PL  xviii.,  fig.  30),  of  which  scA^eral  specimens  wei^e  collected  ;  all  had  the 
same  peculiarity  of  nidificatiou.  On  the  sides  of  the  road  where  roots 
had  been  exposed,  the  wood  had  decayed,  leaving  a  tube  of  bark.  This 
the  Atra.i'  had  lined  several  inches  (in  one  case,  thirteen  inches)  back,  and 
at  the  mouth  of  the  bui'row  the  Aveb  was  expanded.  One  specimen  was 
very  large,  and  fought  vigorously  after  being  ejected  from  its  burrow.  It 
became  much  reduced  and  slu'ivelled  to  one  of  ordinary  size  aftei*  a  few 
days  in  spirits. 

No  further  Territellarige  were  met  with  until  Kianga  Valley,  near 
Narooma,  was  x-eached.  Here,  in  the  midst  of  hills,  clothed  with  open 
forest,  a  creek  runs  to  the  sea  and  a  subtropical  rain  forest  follows  the 
water  course.  The  ground  is  moist  and  evexything  gx'ows  with  the 
utmost  lixxxxriance,  x'eminding  oixe  of  a  fc»x'est  creek  in  the  tx-opical  x'ain 
fox'ests  of  the  Wide  Bay  district.  Ixx  this  favoux-ed  area,  three  species  Avere 
foxind — D.yarct/ops  blroi,  Kulcz.  (PI.  xiv.,  fig.  9),  Cheiiisfonia  hoggi,  Rainb., 
axxd  Arbauitis  elegait.s,  sp.  nov.  All  were  ixx  simple  buxTows  without  any 
inwax'd  or  outward  attempt  at  pi-otection.  The  tour  was  continued  to 
Dromedaiy  Mountaixx,  thence    to    Bega  and  Eden,  without  any  further 


'  Kulczynski,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.,  vi.,  1908,  p.  428. 


86  RECOiRDS  OF  THE  AUSTIULIAX  JIUSErJI. 

species  being  observed.  The  subtroi^ical  scrub  comes  in  again  at  the  back 
of  Eden,  and  a  careful  examination  of  this  area  is  sure  to  disclose  further 
species. 

QUEEXSLAXI*. 

October,  1912,  Kedrou  Bi-ook. — Specimens  had  already  been  received 
from  this  source  from  Dr.  Bancroft,  but  one  of  the  writers  [E.H.P.]  was 
anxious  to  visit  this  promising  locality,  which  is  fast  being  spoilt  by  settle- 
ment. At  the  time  of  this  visit,  which  was  made  from  Eagle  Junction, 
there  was  still  some  of  the  original  scrub  and  some  giant  trees  on  the  river 
banks.  Tamboarlniana  vari((hilu,  sp.  nov.,  vsiV.  flavomacuJ ata ,  was  common, 
and  two  species  of  Arhanitis,  A.  similarl>i,  sp.  nov.,  and  A.  hirsiitii)',  sp. 
nov.,  occurred  less  frequently — all  three  species  being  mingled,  and  all 
within  i-each  of  flood  waters. 

October,  1912. — The  basaltic  tableland  of  Tambom-ine  Mountain  is 
a  typical  vine  scrub  with  a  dense  forest  association  of  palms,  Eucalypts 
and  Indo-Malayan  trees,  e.g.,  Flindersia,  Castaueotipennuiii,  DrepIiaiuoKh-a, 
Cedrela,  etc.  The  trees  are  of  enormoiis  height,  closely  packed  together, 
with  long,  straight,  bare  trunks,  often  branchless,  except  at  the  crown, 
and  some  forms,  nettles,  bean  trees,  and  figs,  are  buttressed  up  to  ten 
and  twelve  feet  from  the  ground.  The  crowns  of  the  Araucaria  ciinniucj- 
liami  are  laden  with  epiphytic  ferns,  which  ultimately,  by  their  accum- 
ulated weight,  break  the  branches  and  fall  to  the  ground,  where  they 
form  a  suitable  nidus  for  some  Territellaria^  Epiphytic  orchids  and 
ferns  also  occupy  the  trunks,  but  these  were  searched  in  vain  for  any 
arboreal  form  of  trap-door  spider. 

One  of  the  chief  characteristics  of  the  forest  is  the  enormous  number 
of  vines,  Bignouias,  etc.,  which  ai'e  seen  going  up  out  of  sight  to  reach  the 
sun  on  the  tree  tops.  There  is  very  little  grass  or  other  undergrowth  in 
the  denser  parts  of  the  forest.  On  such  a  high,  undisturbed  island 
plateau,  we  expected  to  find  a  rich  hunting  ground  for  Araneidiv,  and  in- 
deed for  Araneida3  as  a  whole,  it  is  so,  being  especially  rich  in  Attidsi'. 

The  first  Territellarian,  which  presented  itself  was  Atrax  callda,  sp. 
nov.  (PI.  xviii.,  fig.  29),  a  near  relative  of  A.  versuta,  Rainb.  This  buikls 
a  white  funnel  of  web  around  the  opening  of  the  burrow  ;  it  is  abundant, 
and  a  large  fallen  epiphytic  fern  mass  will  often  contain  sevei-al  nests. 
They  are  common  at  the  old  mill,  and  on  digging  one  out  it  was  found 
consuming  a  small  frog  (llijla),  of  which,  only  the  two  hind  legs  were 
left  ;  whether  this  is  a  common  habit  of  the  species  we  cannot  say.  Like 
others  of  the  genus  Atra.i',  this  species  is  of  a  vicious  disposition,  and  puts 
up  a  strong  tight  before  it  can  be  induced  to  enter  a  collecting  tube. 

Out  in  the  open,  chiefly  at  the  base  of  MacrozKDiia  deiiniso)ii,  which  here 
reaches  a  great  size,  are  found  the  dwellings  of  the  beautiful  Arhauitis 
pulchra,  sp.  nov.  Their  peculiarity  is  the  large  circular  collar  of  Aveb  lying 
on  the  ground,  spun  very  close  and  ap])arently  intended  to  prevent  (he 
dry  earth  falling  into  the  buri'ow,  rathei-  than  for  the  purpose  of  a  snare. 
This  species  avoids  the  dense  forest.  Anotlier  species,  Arlnoiifis  papilio- 
ftii/t,  sp.  nov.,  does  not  shew  any  peculiarity  in  its  dwelling. 

At  the  top  of  the  St.  Bernard  Falls,  looking  towards  the  sea,  was 
found  a  colony   of   the   large  form   of   Tamhouriniaim   variabilis,  sp.  nov. 


Ar>i  i;.\i.iA\  Ti;.M'-i)()()i;  >riiii:i;> — k'ainhow  ami  ri  i.i.kink.  87 

These  spleutlid  spidei-s  wvvv  in  a  secluded  spot  which  liad  sekloui  been 
visited  before.  Tliey  wci-e  living  in  bnrrows  of  the  true  Ctenizid  type, 
with  hirge  tliick  lids.  This  foini  Avas  not  found  anywliere  else  ou  the 
mountain,  and  only  tive  specimens  in  the  colony,  all  of  large  size,  so  they 
are  evidently  not  very  prolific.  Aimiid'  villoxa,  sp.  nt»v.,  and  AlliuuiauK 
n'lloan,  sp.  nov.,  were  also  collected  oji  this  occasion,  and  these  species 
|)robably  complete  the  census  of  the  Territellariae  of  this  particular  area. 

With  the  exception  of  two  species,  l)i/tiriu/i)ijj<  ionthvs,  from  Burwood, 
near  Syduey,  and  Atuime  Imlleri,  from  Merri  Creek,  Victoria,  the  whole  of 
the  material  described  below  was  from  Dr.  Pulleine's  collection.  The 
authors  wish  the  reader  to  note  that  measurements  do  not  include  the 
falces. 

FAMILY  AVICDLAKID^. 
Siih'faunlij  ACTINOPODIN^. 

di^Hii.t  Missulena,  Wnlr/r.  \ 

(^=Eriiiilvii,  Latr.,  mmi.  innl.) 
Missri.EXA  JXSKiXK,   O.   V.  ('ai)lhr. 

Eriodou  iiigii/iie,  O.  P.  Cambr.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (4),  xix.,  lt<77,  p.  29; 

Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  223,  figs.  21,  a,  h. 

77«/j.— Keith,  South  Australia.  Widely  distributed.  Recorded  from 
Brisbane,  Queensland  ;  Dimboola,  Victoria ;  and  Swan  River,  Western 
Australia. 

MissuLEXA   i;l'hi;ocai'1tata,  J».ss. 

bJriuJoii   rnhrocapitattiiii,   Auss.,  Verh.  Zool.  hot.  Ges.  Wieu,  xxv.,  1875,  p. 

140,  pi.  v.,  figs.  1-4. 
Eriodon  seniicocciniimt,  Sim.  in  Semun,  Zool.  Forsch.  Austr.   Mahiv   Archi- 

pel.,  1896,  Lief.  8,  p.  343. 

ActiitopKti  fonnosus,  Rainb.,  Proc.  Liuu.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  189(3,  p. 

328,  pi.  XX. ;  op.  cit.,  xxii.,  1897,  p.  253. 
Eriodon  rul)rocapitatu7ii,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  226,  fig.  23i(. 
Eriodon  semicoccinium,  Hogg,  loc.  cit.,  p.  228. 
Eriodon  rnlrocapitatum,  Rainb.,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.,  1,  19C3,  p.  64,  fig.  6. 

Ohs. — M.  ruhrocapitata  and  M.  insiijne  are  very  closely  allied.  They 
dili'er,  however,  in  their  eye  formuhv.  See  Hogg's  note  and  figures 
(siiprd)  on  this  point. 

flah. — Prospect  Hill,  up  meadows ;  also  Ambleside  (formerly  Halm- 
dorf),  South  Australia,  October,  1908.  Distributed  over  Northern, 
Eastern  and  Western  Australia. 

MiSSDLEXA  KEFLEXA,  sp.  lior. 

(Plate  xxi.,  figs.  33  and  34). 

(J  Cephah)thorax,  4-3  mm.  long,  5  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  5-7  mm. 
long,  5*7  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Longer  than  broad,  pubescent.  I'ars  cepludica  bright 
red,  truncate  in  front,  raised  high,   strongly  arched,  sides   and   posterior 


8o  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTWALIAX   .MUi=Er.M. 

extremity  declivous,  segmental  groove  distinct ;  a  narrow,  but  well  defined 
grey  mark  or  line  runs  down  the  middle  ;  this  latter  commences  between, 
and  just  in  front  of,  the  front  median  eyes,  at  the  i-ear  of  which  it  is  in- 
terrupted ;  ocvlar  area  broader  than  long ;  rlijpens  slightly  undulated,  not 
deep,  precipitate.  Pars  tltoracirn  broad,  dark  brown,  channelled  down  the 
middle,  reflexed,  and  retreating  laterally  towards  posterior  angle,  radial 
grooves  present  but  indistinct  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  recurved  ;  marginal 
band  narrow,  red.  Eyes. — Small,  nearly  equal  in  size,  distributed  over 
two  rows  of  four  each,  and  with  the  exception  of  the  front  median  pair 
(which  are  only  removed  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  theii' 
indiAndual  diameter),  widely  separated;  lateral  eyes  elliptical,  oblique, 
inner  angles  raised,  dark  brown  (PI.  xxi..  fig.  33).  Legs. — Long,  olivac- 
eous brown,  shining,  hairy,  well  armed  with  long  spines,  co.raj  olivac- 
eous green  ;  relative  lengths :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Falyi . — Moderately  long, 
concolorous  with  legs,  hairy  ;  tibial  joint,  small ;  genital  bulb,  shining, 
reddish;  style  moderately  long,  sharjily  pointed  (PI.  xxi..  fig.  34). 
Falces. — Concolorous,  with  cephalic  segment  well  arched,  moderately 
clothed  with  leather  long  black  hairs  ;  rastellum  consists  of  a  single 
transverse  row  of  strong  teeth ;  inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx 
armed  with  a  row  of  seven  teeth,  of  which  the  third  and  fifth  fiom  the  fang 
are  much  the  longest  ;  outer  angle  armed  with  only  one  tooth  ;  fang  long, 
reddish,  well  curved.  Maxilhv. — Orange-yellow,  shining,  arched,  moder- 
ately hairy,  heel  well  rounded  at  base,  upper  angle  acuminate  at  apex. 
Labium. — Coniform,  elongate,  rather  darker  than  maxillae,  moderately 
hairy,  apex  fringed  with  rather  long  black  hairs.  Stermnn. — Longer  than 
broad,  arched,  anterioi-  angle  rather  deeply  excavated,  latei'al  and  pos- 
terior angles  undulated,  orange-yelloAV  in  front,  thence  smoky  yellow, 
moderately  clothed  with  rather  long  black  hairs  and  a  few  long  black 
bristles  ;  sternal  sigilla  subraarginal,  anterior  pair  round,  median  and 
lateral  pairs  elliptical,  the  latter  much  the  largest.  Abdomen. — Obovate, 
arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  moderately  clothed 
with  long,  black  hairs,  superior  surface  dull  cinnamon-yellow,  with  a  large 
pale  yellowish  patch  in  front;  sides  cinnamon-yellow,  hairy;  inferior  sur- 
face concolorous,  thickly  clothed  with  long,  black  hairs.  Sidnnerets. — 
Short,  haiiy,  concolorous,  apices  yellow:  int'iM'ior  pair  cyliiiderical,  close 
together. 

Obs. — Closely  allied  to,  but  easily  distinguishable  from  M.  insigne  a.nd 
M.  rubrocapitata  by  eye  formula,  distinction  of  falces,  and  colour  of 
abdomen. 

Hab. — Keith,  South  Australia. 

MiSSULENA  OCCAIORIA,  Walclx. 

(Plate  xii.,  figs.  1  and  2). 

Migsidena  uccaluria,  Walck.,   Tab.   des  Aran.,  1805,  p.  b,  pi.  2,  figs.  11-14; 

Id.,  Ins.  Apt.,  1837,  i.,  p.  252. 
Eriodon   occatnrinni,  Lucas,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fi-ance   (4),   v.,    1865,    p.    309, 

pi.  8;   L.  Koch,  Die  Aracli.  des  Austr.,  i.,  1873,  p.  457  ;  Hogg,   Proc. 

Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  220;    Rainb.,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v..  1,  1903,  p.  63, 

fig.  5. 


Ai'si  K'Ai.iAN  ri;Ar-i>o(.i;  si'ii>Ki;s — i;aim!o\v  ani>  iti.i.kinf;.  8P 

Missulouc  (Eriodon)  occaturio,  Hogg,  Proc.   Zool.   Soc,   1908,   p.   335,   tigs. 

a,  b. 

Ohs. — Living  specimens  kept  for  observation  at  the  Australian 
Mnsenni,  failed  to  make  lids  fof  their  8ubterraneaii  i-etreats. — W.J.H. 

Hub. — Brisbane,  Queensland  ;  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia.  Ranges 
through  Eastern,  Southern  aiid  Western  Australia. 

MiSSCLKXA   FOKMIDAIULK,    0.  P.   ClOltbr. 

Eriodon  formldabile,  0.  P.  Cambr.,  Jouru.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool.,  x.,  1868,  p. 
226 ;  L.  Koch,  Die  Arach.  des.  Austr.,  1873,  i.,  p.  454  ;  Hogg,  Proc. 
Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  222;  Op.  cit.,  ii.,  1902,  p.  121  (footnote). 

Obs. — This  we  take  to  be  O.  P.  Cambridge's  species,  as  the  eye 
formula  agrees  well  with  that  author's  description,  and  also  that  of  Hogg's 
(supra). 

Hub. — Mallala,  South  Australia. 

Sub-family  CTENIZIN^. 

Group  CYRTAUCHENIE^. 

Genus  Cantuaria,  Hogg. 

CaNTUARIA  HOGCil,  SimOH. 

Cantuaria  hoggi,  Simon,  Die  Fauna  Sud  West  Austr.,  i.,  1908,  p.  361. 
Hab. — Avenue  Range,  South  Australia,  April,  1908. 

Group  Aganippe.15. 

Genus  Aganippe,  0.  P.  Cambr. 

The  genus  Aganippe  is  typically  Australian.  Up  to  the  date  of  the 
publication  of  this  paper,  seven  species  had  been  recorded  to  it.  To  this 
number  seven  more  are  now  added,  all  of  which  are  described  hereunder. 
In  addition  to  this,  the  male  of  ^1.  t^iibtristiti,  0.  P.  Cambr.,  is  also 
desci'ibed.  The  following  table  may  assist  the  student  in  the  elucidation 
of  the  species  : — 

Front  eyes  of  male  about  twice  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  stigma  of 
palpal  bulb  broad,  twisted,  and  terminating  in  a  long  fine  style ;  cepha- 
lothorax,  legs  and  abdomen  setose ;  sternum  terminating  in  an  acute 
point  between  fourth  pair  of  coxae A,  pulleinci,  Hogg. 

Front  eyes  of  male  about  three  times  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  stigma 
of  palpal  bulb  very  slightly  twisted,  the  style  long  and  blunt ;  cephalo- 
thorax  and  abdomen  setose  ;  posterior  extremity  of  sternum  less  acute 
than  in  ^1.  piilleinei. 

Front  eyes  of  female  fully  four  times  their  individual  diameter  apart  ; 
abdominal  muscle  spots  distinct ^4.  sabti-istis,  0.  P.  Cambr. 

Front  eyes  of  male  one  and  a  half  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  cephalo- 
thorax,  abdomen  and  legs  strongly  setose  ;  stigma  of  palpal  bulb  broad, 
twisted,  spatulate,  and  terminating  with  a  short,  fine  style. 

Front  eyes  of  female  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  rather  more 
than  once  their  individual  diameter  ;  abdomen  densely  matted  with 
long  hairs,  and  having  in  addition  a  number  of  long  bristles  or  seta ; 
muscle  spots  large,  distinct,  yellow .4.  rhaphiducu,  sp.  nov. 


90  KECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN   5IDSEDM. 

Front  eyes  of  female  fully  twice  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  front  au<l 
rear  side  eyes  of  nearly  equal  size  ;    second  or  intermediate  pair  largest 

of  the  series,  abdomen  dark  l)rown  spotted  with  yellow 

A.  hancroj'ti,  sp.  nov. 

Front  eyes  fully  twice  their  diameter  apart ;  abdomen  dark  brown,  densely 
hairy A.  villosa,  sp.  nov. 

Front  eyes  fully  twice  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  legs  short,  stout ; 
abdomen  chocolate-ltrown,  mottled  with  yellow  ;  muscle  spots  yellow, 
prominent .A.    rohusta,  sp.  nov. 

Front  eyes  two  and  a  half  times  their  individual  diameter  apart;  abdomen 

ovate,  black,  marked  with  tn-oad,  recurved  transverse  bars 

A.  oriiata,  sp.  nov. 

Front  eyes  fully  twice  the  individual  diameter  of  one  of  their  second  or  median 
neighbours  apart ;  median  eyes  (second  row)  largest  of  the  series  ;  style 
of  palpal  bulb  twisted  and  terminating  in  a  long,  fine  iwint ;  muscle 
spots  distinct,  yellow ...A.  berlandi,  Eainb. 

Front  eyes  of  male  once  their  individual  diameter  apart;  second  or  iiitermediate 
eyes  largest  of  the  group  and  about  half  their  individual  diameter  apart; 
palpal  stigma  twisted,  style  rather  short .A.  srnealoni,  Hogg. 

Front  eyes  of  female  about  twice  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  front  and 
rear  side  eyes  equal ;  second  or  intermediate  eyes  small,  equal  in  size  to 
those  of  the  rear  medians A.    Intior,  O.  P.  Cambr. 

Front  median  eyes  more  than  one  and  a  half  times  the  long  diameter  of  the 
rear  eyes,  and  at  least  once  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  labiuan 
nearly  twice  as  broad  as  long,  hollowed  in  front A.  occidentalis,  Hogg. 

Front  pair  of  eyes  about  once  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  rear  median 
eyes  minute,  each  separated  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  a  space  equal 
to  that  of  three  times  its  own  individual  diameter  ;  labium  broader  than 
long A.  ivhitei,  Kainb. 

Front  eyes  rather  more  than  once  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  thoracic 
fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  posterior  sigilla  round,  and  away  from  margin  ; 

a  few  small  spines  on  maxillae  ;  none  visible  on  labium 

A.  modesta,  sp.  nov. 

Front  eyes  just  touching  edge  of  clypeus,  once  and  a  half  their  own  individual 
diameter  apart ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  posterior  sigilla  large, 
and  away  from  margin  ;  small  cluster  of  spines  at  base  of  maxilUe,  none 
on  lip ,-1 .  peloch  roa ,  sp.  nov. 

Agami'I'e  (?)rri,i,EiNEi,  Hoij</. 

Argcoupjje  piilleiiici,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1902,  p.  128,   tigs.  ((,  //,  c. 

Hah. — Mount  Pleasant,  April,  1908,  also  Tea-tree  swamp,  Grange, 
South  Australia.  Formerly  recorded  from  Blakiston  and  Hallett's  Cove, 
South  Australia. 

AgAMI'PK    SMKATONl,   //«;/;/. 

Arfjaiiippe  siiteuto}ii\   Hogg,  Pri)C.  Zuol.  Soc,  ii.,  1902,   p.  12G,   tigs,  a,  b,  c, 
pl.xiii.,fig.  7;  Simon,  Hist.  Nat.  des  Araign.,  ii„  1897  (1903),  p.  903. 

Ohs. — An  inimatui-e  female  example,  which  may  probably  prove  to  be 
the  young  of  this  species.     At  present  the  male  only  is  known  definitely. 

Ilab. — Booboni-owie,  South  Australia.  Originally  recorded  from 
IBlakiston. 


AUsriULiAX  riwM'-nooi;  situkk's — i;ai\i;i>\\  and  iti.i.kixk.  !>1 

AoANil'i'K  !<uiiii;i.-^ris,  (J.  r.  t'liuihr. 
(PI.  xxi.,  figs.  82,  35,  36,  37.) 

Anjiim'ppe  suhtristift,  O.  P.  Cambi'.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.   (4),    xix.,    1877, 
p.  28,  pi.  vi.,  fig.  3;    Pocock,  ()/*.  cit.,  (6),  xix.,   1897,   p.    112;    Hogg, 
Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  231  ;   Op.  rit.,  1902,  p.  120,  pi.  xiii.,  fig.  (5. 
In  1877,  as   quoted   above,  tlie  Rev.  0.  P.  Cambridge  described  and 
Hgiirod  the  above  species,  erecting  For  its  reception,  at  tbe   same   time,  tlie 
genus   of   which    it   forms   the   type.      The  type    specimen    was    a    female 
example,  and  drA',  and  the  description  incomplete.      In  1899    Pocock   pub- 
lished additional  details  in  elucidation  of  the  species,  and  this  was  followed 
iu  1901,  and  again  in  1902,  by  Hogg  with  fuj.'t.her  additional  remarks  and 
a  figure.     Up  to  the  present,  however,  the  male  has  remained  unknown  iu 
literature,  but  iu  Dr.  Pulleine's  collection  there  are  examples  from  several 
localities.      The  description  of  the  male  is  as  follows  : — 

(J.  Cephalothorax,  12  mm.  long,  9*5  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  !»  mm. 
long,  7 '3  mm.  broad. 

Ceplialothorax. — Yellow,  obovate.  Fars  cephalica  raised,  arched,  ti'un- 
cated  in  front,  smooth,  very  sparingly  clothed  with  short  yellow  down ;  a 
thin  fringe  of  black  setose  bristles  runs  down  the  middle  from  rear  of 
ocular  area ;  segmental  groove  distinct;  ocular  urea  black,  broader  than, 
long  and  furnished  in  front  with  a  few  black  setse ;  clijpeus  sloping 
forward,  hj'aliue.  Vars  thoracica  broad,  moderately  arched,  sparingly 
clothed  with  yellow  down,  smooth,  radial  grooves  distinct;  thoracic  fovea 
deep,  procurved ;  marginal  hand  thickly  fringed  with  black  seta\  Ei/es. — 
Ari-anged  iu  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4.  Anterior  pair  nearly  three  times  their 
individual  diameter  apart,  aud  raised  on  black  rings ;  a  space  nearly  equal 
to  once  their  individual  diameter  separates  them  from  their  neighbours  of 
the  second  row ;  second  pair  round,  rather  smaller  than  their  anterior 
neigli hours,  and  sepai'ated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  once 
their  individual  diameter ;  those  of  the  rear  row  are  smaller  still  but  of 
equal  size,  aud  form  a  slightly  recurved  line  ;  each  inner  eye  is  separated 
from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  a  space  equal  to  neai'ly  once  their  individual 
diameter  ;  intermediate  eyes  of  third  row  widely  separated  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  32). 
Legs. — YelloAV,  long,  tapering,  modei^ately  hairy,  but  thickly  clothed  with 
setae,  and  armed  with  a  few  not  very  strong  spines  ;  tibia  i.  furnished  on 
inner  angle  with  an  apophj'sis  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  35)  ;  leg  iv.  strongest ;  relati^^e 
lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Paljii. — Long,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature 
to  legs;  tibia,  inflated  and  furnished  with  an  apophysis  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  3G)  ; 
tibial  joint  small ;  bulb  uneven,  shining  dark  brown  laterally  and  beneath  ; 
style  long,  twisted  and  terminating  in  a  somewhat  obtuse  point  (PI.  xxi., 
fig.  37).  Falces. — Moderately  projected  forward,  concolourous  with 
cephalothorax,  sides  and  inner  angles  thickly  clothed  with  stout  bristles, 
and  displaying  naked  j^atches  ;  fang  long,  well  curved,  dark  brown,  shining. 
Maxilla\ — Long,  yellow,  ai'ched,  divergent,  clothed  with  long  hairs  and 
coarse  bristles  or  setas,  heel  rounded.  Lahiuiii. — Normal,  concolourous, 
submerged  beneath  maxilUe.  Stennun. — Concolourous  with  labium,  pyri- 
form,  thickly  studded  with  long,  black  seta? ;  posterior  sigilla  orange- 
coloured  and  removed  from  margin.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  yellow  brown, 
slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  arched  ;  superior  surface 
clothed  with  fine  hairs  aud   thickh"  studded  with  black  setae  ;  sides  aud 


92  RECORDS  OK  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

inferior  surface  concolourous,  hairy,  but  less  densely  setose ;  lung  spots 
distinct.     Spinnerets. — Normal. 

Obs. — Specimens  contained  in  the  aboA'^e  series  are  in  various  stages  of 
development  from  the  half-growu  to  adult.  The  older  examples  are  much 
the  darkest.  After  Blaliistonia  (iiirea,  Hogg,  this  is  the  most  common 
Ctenizid  of  the  plains,  and  is  quite  frequent  in  the  gardens  and  road- 
sides around  Adelaide.  The  nest  is  not  quite  so  apparent  as  that  of 
BlaJcistoiia,  and  it  is  less  frequently  found.  The  lid  is  nearly  orbicular 
and  flat  above  and  below  only  having  a  very  shallow  bevel  into  the  tube 
which  is  well  lined  and  frequently  five  to  six  inches  deep,  being  quite 
vertical  in  soft  ground.  The  breeding  habits  of  this  spider  have  not  been 
observed,  as  the  males  are  rare  and  seldom  found  in  the  tubes.  The 
species  has  a  veiy  wide  distribution  in  South  Australia  and  I'arely  examples 
attain  very  large  size,  either  from  great  age  or  specially  favourable 
circumstances. 

Hab. — Males  :  North  Adelaide  (July,  1908),  Happy  Valley  (April, 
1908),  Yarcowie,  Booboorowie  (May,  1908),  Mallala,  and  Tea  Tree  Gully 
(November,  1903),  South  Australia.  Females  :  East  of  Spencer's  Gulf, 
Canowie,  Booboorie  (April  25,  1908),  Pichi  Richi,  Mallala,  Yarcowie, 
Kalangadoo,  foot  of  Black  Hill,  and  Port  Augusta,  South  Australia. 

Aganippe  latior,  0.  P.  Cavihr. 

Aganippe  latior,  0.  P.  Canibr.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (4),  xix.,  1877,  p.  29, 

PI.  vi.,  fig.  3. 
EHcyrto2)s  latior,  Pocock,  op.  cii.  (6),  xix.,  1897,  p.  113  ;   Hogg,  Proc.  Zool. 

Soc,  1901,  p.  232. 
Aijanippe  latior,  O.  P.  Carabr.,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.   Soc,   1902,   p.   126,   PI. 

xiii.,  fig.  5. 

Obs. — One  female  example  collected  by  Dr.  R.  H.  Pulleine.  The 
specimen  agrees  very  well  with  the  descriptions  given  by  the  Rev.  O.  P. 
Cambridge,  and  Mr.  R.  I.  Pocock,  and  Mr.  R.  H.  Hogg's  figure  (supra). 
Up  to  the  present  time  only  one  example  of  tliis  unique  species  has  been 
recoided,  ajid  it,  the  type  which  is  in  the  British  Museum,  was  collected 
by  Mr.  George  Clinton,  at  Peith,  West  Australia.  In  his  original  descrip- 
tion Cambridge  says  : — "  The  abdomen  is  haii-y  and  of  a  reddish-warm 
colour,  but  it  was  too  shrunken  to  give  any  exact  idea  of  its  form."  The 
following  note.s  on  the  Blackwood  River  specimen  may  be  of  service  : — 

9.  Cephalothorax,  9'4  mm.  long,  87  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  13"1  mm. 
long,  87  mm.  broad. 

Abdomen. — Obovate,  yellow-brown,  faintly  spotted  with  yellow, 
slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  two  widely  separated  well 
defined  muscle-spots  near  the  middle  ;  superior  surface  and  sides  densely 
haiiy  and  having  in  addition  a  few  bristles  ;  inferior  surface  yellow,  its 
dark  hirsute  clothing  im{)aT'ting  to  it  a  somewhat  smoky  yellow  appearance. 
Spinnerets.  —  Yellow,  clothed  with  dark  hairs;  superior  spinners  stout, 
slightl}'^  tapering,  basal  joint  longer  than  tlie  second  and  thiid  combined, 
the  third  minute  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  pair  very  short,  rather  stout, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  own  indi- 
vidual transverse  diameter. 

llab. — Blackwood  River,  South  West  Australia,  December,  1917. 


Al'Sl'HAlJAN   TKAl'-lHHll;    Si'll'KI.'S l.'AIMK.iW    A  N  1 1    I'l' l.l.lilN  K  .  9^-{ 

Aganippe  kuaphiuuca,-  sp.  //or. 
(PI.  xxi.,   tigs.  38-42). 

$.     CephalotliDiar,  7"2  mm.  loug,  6.S  mm.  broad  ;  abdomeu,  7"2  mm. 
long,  -i'S  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothora.c. — Oborate,  uneven,  dark  browu,  sparingly  clothed  witli 
short,  fine  downy  hairs,  and  rather  strongly  so  with  short,  black  setae. 
Pars  cephulica  raised,  narrow  and  truncated  in  front,  fringed  lateraly  with 
short,  stiff,  black  setee,  segmental  groove  distinct ;  ocular  area  raised, 
arched,  rather  longer  than  broad,  nearly  black ;  chjpeas  undulated,  hyaline. 
Pars  thoracica  arched,  broad,  radial  grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  deep, 
straight;  marginal  hand  fringed  with  strong  black  setse.  Eyes Distrib- 
uted over  thiee  rows  of  2,  2,  4  ;  those  of  the  front  row  are  about  one  and 
a  half  their  individual  diameter  apart,  and  touch  the  edge  of  the  clypeus  ; 
those  of  the  second  row  are  distinctly  larger  than  their  anterior  neighbours, 
from  which  latter  they  are  sepai-ated  b^^  a  space  equal  to  about  three 
quarters  that  of  their  individual  diameter;  the  posterior  row  is  slightly 
recurved,  and  arranged  in  pairs;  of  these  the  inner  eyes  are  smaller  than 
their  lateral  neighbours,  and  do  not  touch  them  ;  the  eyes  of  the  second 
row,  as  alread}^  pointed  out,  are  larger  than  those  of  tlie  first,  and  the 
latter  are,  again  larger  than  the  two  laterals  of  the  third  row  ;  the  inner 
eyes  of  the  latter  are  situated  very  close  to  those  of  the  second  row  (PI. 
xxi.,  fig.  38).  Legs. — Long,  tapering,  concolourons  with  cephalothorax, 
hairy,  armed  with  moderately  long  spines,  and  thickly  beset  with  black 
spine-like  setae;  tibia  i.  furnished  with  an  apophysis  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  39)  ; 
metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3  ; 
fourth  pair  strongest.  Palpi. — Concolourons  with  legs,  and  similar  to 
them  in  colour  and  armature,  short,  robust  ;  tibia  furnished  with  an 
apopyhsis  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  40)  ;  tibial  joint  small  ;  bulb  red,  rounded 
shining,  uneven  ;  stigma  broad,  twisted,  spatulate,  and  terminating  with, 
a  short,  stiff,  blunt  style  ;  interior  of  spatula  yellow  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  41). 
Falces. — Concolourons  with  cephalothoiax,  short,  not  robust,  moderately 
projected  forward,  arched,  hairy  ;  favg,  reddish-brown,  moderately  long, 
well  curved.  Maxilloi. — Long,  divergent,  arched,  heel  well  rounded  at 
base,  yellow,  hairy,  a  few  small  spines  on  inner  angle.  Labium. — Concol- 
ourons, normal,  not  spined.  Sternum. — Yellow,  pyriform,  veiy  moderately 
arched,  broadest  between  third  pair  of  coxae,  clothed  with  yellow  hairs  and 
stiff  black  bristles  ;  posterior  sigilla  largest,  situated  at  a  point  between 
second  and  third  coxae,  subniai-ginal.  Abdomen. — Ovate,  slightly  over- 
hanging base  of  cephalothoi-ax  ;  superior  surface  dark  biown  (nearly 
black),  well  arched,  hairy,  thickly  beset  with  spine-like  setae,  and  display- 
ing near  the  middle  two  large  and  prominent,  yellow  lung  spots  ;  sides 
dark  brown  also,  and  similar  to  superior  surface  in  clothing  and  armature  ; 
inferior  surface  yellow,  and  clothed  with  long  dai'k  hairs.  Spinnerets. — 
Yellow,  hairy,  superior  pair  sturdy,  first  joint  longest,  the  third  shortest 
and  dome  shaped  ;  inferior  pair  very  small,  and  separated  from  each  other 
by  a  space  equal  to  about  once  their  individual  diameter. 

pa<^i8ovxosi  needle-bearing  ;  in  allusion  to  the  creature's  armature. 


94  RECORDS  OF  THE  ADSTRALIAX   MUSEUII. 

Obs. — At  first  sight  very  like  .4.  subtristis  in  general  appearance,  but 
easily  distingaislied  from  that  species  by  its  much  smaller  size,  eye  formula, 
spatulate  style  of  palpus,  tibial  apophysis  of  leg  i.  and  the  prominent 
abdominal  lung  marks. 

9.  Cephalothorax,  95  mm.  long,  63  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  10"3  mm. 
long,  6'3  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothora.v. — Obovate,  yellow,  with  yellow-brown  markings,  spar- 
ingly clothed  with  fine  yellowish  pubescence.  Fars  cephalica  well  arched; 
thoracic  groove  profound  ;  ocular  area  longer  than  broad,  raised  and  strongly 
arched,  rather  dark,  and  furnished  with  a  few  long,  black  bristles  ;  chjpeus 
hyaline,  sloping  well  forward,  indented  at  the  middle.  Pc(/'.s  thoracica  arched, 
sinuous  laterally,  radial  grooves  strongly  defined  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep, 
slightly  procurved  ;  marginnl  band  broad,  pallid,  fringed  with  fine,  yellow- 
ish hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4.  The  front  pair 
elliptical,  poised  obliquely  on  black  rings,  touching  mai-gin  of  clypeus,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  rather  more  than  once  their 
individual  diameter;  median  pair  round,  slightly  larger  than  their  anter- 
ior neighbours,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  scarcely  equal 
to  that  of  once  their  own  individual  diametei';  this  pair  is  also  separated  fi'om 
their  anterior  neighbours  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  once  their  own  indiv- 
idual diameter,  and  again  by  nearly  the  same  distance  from  the  inner  eyes 
of  the  posterior  row  ;  posterior  row  slightly  procurved  on  its  front  line 
and  recurved  on  the  posterior  line  ;  lateral  eyes  of  this  row  elliptical, 
seated  obliquely,  about  same  size  as  those  of  the  front  I'ow,  and  mounted 
on  black  rings  ;  inner  eyes  minute,  ringed  with  black  ;  each  is  separated 
fi'om  its  lateral  neighbour  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  once  its  own  diameter ; 
the  two  pairs  constituting  the  third  row  widely  removed  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  42). 
Legs. — Moderately  long,  strong,  yellow,  densely  clothed  with  long  black 
haiis,  bristles  and  setfe,  but  showing  naked  patches  on  theii-  upper  surface  ; 
each  tibia,  metatarsus  and  tarsus  armed  with  long,  strong  spines  under- 
neath, those  on  legs  i.  and  ii.  being  the  longest;  the  underside  of  each  leg 
clothed  with  long,  dark  hairs  and  bristles  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii. 
scopulated  ;  claws  long,  well  curved,  and  serrated  at  base.  I'alpi. — Long 
strong,  yellow,  similar  in  clothing  and  armature  to  legs  i.  and  ii.  FaJces. — 
Yellow,  well  projected  forward,  inner  angles  and  sides  densely  hairy, 
upper  surface  smooth  ;  apices  densely  hair}'  and  furnished  with  a 
powerful  rasleUinii  ;  upper  angle  of  tlie  furrow  of  each  falx  armed 
with  seven  teeth,  and  the  lower  with  five  ;  fa)iy  long,  well  curved, 
reddish.  MiLfiUn-. — Yellowish-red,  arched,  divergent,  well  rounded  at 
base,  thickly  matted  with  long  hair,  and  furnished  with  a  few  small 
spines  near  the  base  at  the  inner  angle.  Labium. — Normal,  coiicolourous 
with  cephalothorax,  submerged  beneath  bases  of  raaxillse,  hairy,  not  spined. 
Sternum. — Pyriform,  yellow,  arched,  well  clothed  with  dark  hairs  and 
bristles,  anterior  sigilla  marginal,  the  posterior  large,  round,  i-emoved  from 
margin,  and  seated  at  a  point  between  secc^id  and  third  pair  of  coxa?. 
Abilonion. — Ovate,  brown,  spotted  with  yellow, ovei'hanging  base  of  cephalo- 
thoi'ax  ;  upper  surface  thickly  matted  with  dark  brown  hairs  and  bi-istles, 
and  marked  with  foui'  lung  spots,  the  postei-ior  pair  of  which  are  seated 
about  the  middle,  are  much  the  lai-gest,  and  the  widest  apart ;  beneath 
the  latter  there  are  two  large  elliptical,  obliquely  directed  yellowish  marks, 


AUSTKALIAN   'I'HA  1'- I'l  ii  il;   >niiKl;S — l.'AlXliilW   AN'I>   I'lMJ.KI  .N'K.  95 

and  beneath  these  agaiu  three  slightly  curved,  interrupted  transverse  bars  ; 
sides  yellowisli-brown,  spotted  with  yeUow,  and  similar  to  superior  surface 
in  ch)thing  ;  inferior  surface  yeHow,  thickly  clothed  with  black  hairs. 
Spinnerets. — Yellow,  sliort,  stout,  hairy  ;  superior  pair  have  the  first  joint 
longer  than  the  second,  and  the  second  longer  thau  the  third  ;  the  latter 
is  domed  ;  inferior  pair  very  short  and  separated  from  each  otlier  by  a 
space  equal  to  once  their  individual  diameter. 

Ohs. — Some  of  the  female  specimens  are  rather  larger  than  that 
selected  for  the  type,  and  some  lighter  in  colour,  but  in  each  the  lung  spots 
are  distinct  and  well  defined.     The  species  ap|)ears  common  around  Perth. 

Hab.— King's  Park,  Perth  (May  21,  1912),  Keith,  Armadale,  West 
Australia  (xAIay  26,  1912). 

Aganippe  hancrofti,  sp.  vov. 

(PI.  xxi.,  fig.  43). 

$.  Cephalothorax,  92  mm.  long,  6'3  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  105  mm. 
long,  6"3  mm.  broad. 

CepliaJothorax. — Obovate,  yellow-brown,  rather  thickly  clothed  with 
fine,  moderately  long,  pale  yellowish  hairs.  Pars  cephalica  strongly  arched, 
truncated  in  fi-ont,  fringed  with  short  black  hairs,  thoracic  groove  distinct ; 
octdar  area  longer  than  broad,  slightly  raised  and  furnished  with  a  tuft  of 
bristles  in  front  of,  and  between  anterior  pair  of  eyes  ;  clypeiis  hyaline, 
deep,  sloping  forward,  sinuous.  Pars  thoracica  moderately  broad,  arched, 
radial  grooves  defined  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  slightly  procurved  ;  margiiial 
hand  broad,  pallid,  fringed  with  short  black  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed 
over  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4 ;  anterior  pair  elliptical,  seated  obliquely,  poised 
on  black  rings,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  twice 
their  individual  diametei-  ;  median  pair  largest  of  the  series,  round,  separ- 
ated from  their  anterior  neighbours  by  a  space  equal  to  nearly  once  their 
own  individual  diameter,  and  from  each  other  by  about  one  half  their 
individual  diameter  ;  posterior  row  procurved  on  its  front  line,  and  recurved 
on  the  rear  ;  posterior  side  eyes  elliptical,  same  size  as  those  of  the  posterior 
row,  seated  obliquely,  and  poised  on  black  rings  ;  inner  eyes  small,  removed 
from  second  row  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  individual  diametei-,  round, 
each  touching  black  ring  of  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  43).  Leys — 
Moderately  long,  strong,  tapering,  yellow,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked 
patches  ;  each  tibia,  metatarsus  and  tarsus,  armed  on  the  underside  with 
long,  fine  spines  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  metatarsus 
iv.  has  four  short,  strong  spines  on  the  inner  side  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1, 
2,  3.  P«?pi'.— Long,  strong,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs  ;  two  or 
three  long,  weak  spines  on  tibia;  tarsus  scopulated.  Falces. — Dark  brown, 
moderately  strong,  projected  well  forward,  arched,  hairy  ;  rastellum  com- 
posed  of  three  transverse  rows  of  not  very  strong  teeth  ;  outer  ridge  of  the 
furrow  of  each  falx  unarmed  with  teeth,  whilst  the  inner  has  a  I'ow  of 
eight  strong  teeth;  fangs  long,  well  curved,  nearly  black.  Maxillo'. — 
Yellowish,  hairy,  arched,  apices  divergent,  heel  well  rounded,  bases  thickly 
studded  with  small  spines ;  inner  angles  fringed  with  a  long,  red  beard. 
Labium. — Concolourous^  short,  broad,  free,  arched,  submerged,  devoid  of 
spines,  but  furnished  with  a  few  bristles.     Sternum. — Concolourous  also, 


96  KECORnS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN   MrSETM. 

broadest  between  third  pair  of  coxse  ;  sigilla  marginal.  Ahdomeit. — Obo- 
vate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  moderately  hairy  ; 
superior  surface  and  sides  dark  brown  mottled  with  yellow  ;  inferior  surface 
yellow;  hairy.  Spinuerets. — Yellow,  hairy;  superior  pair  stout,  6rst  joint 
longest,  the  third  shortest  and  domed  ;  infeiior  pair  minute,  rather  less 
than  their  individual  diameter  apart. 

Hab. — Eidsvold,  Queensland.  Named  in  honour  of  the  collector. 
Dr.  T.  Bancroft. 

Aganippk  vir.LOSA,  sp.  nov. 

(PI.  xxi.,  fig.  44..) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  99  mm.  long,  6"9  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  95  mm. 
long,  6"5  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  mahogany  brown,  shining,  moderately  pilose. 
Pars  cephah'ca  high,  well  arched,  truncated  in  fi'ont,  segmental  groove 
distinct,  compressed  laterally  ;  a  fringe  of  black  bristles  runs  down  the 
middle  ;  thei'e  are  also  a  few  short  black  bristles  at  rear  of  ocular  eminence  ; 
ocular  area  raised,  dark  brown,  rather  longer  than  broad,  furnished  with 
a  few  long,  strong  black  bristles ;  clypeus  not  deep,  undulating.  Pars 
thoracica  uneven,  radial  grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  slightly 
procurved  ;  marginal  band  moderately  broad,  undulating.  Eyes. — Distrib- 
uted over  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4.  Front  eyes  close  to  margin  of  clypeus, 
somewhat  elliptical,  poised  upon  black  rings,  and  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  rather  more  than  twice  their  individual  diameter; 
second  pair  of  eyes  round,  rather  smaller  than  foregoing,  separated  from 
tlieir  anterior  neighbours  by  a  space  equal  to  about  twice  their  individual 
diameter,  and  from  each  other  by  nearly  one  diameter  ;  rear  lateral  eyes 
elliptical,  largest  of  the  entire  group,  placed  somewhat  obliquely,  and 
poised  upon  black  rings  ;  intermediate  ej'^es  rather  smaller  than  those  of 
the  second  row,  elliptical,  poised  on  black  rings,  near  to,  but  not  touching, 
their  lateral  neighbours  ;  the  posterior  row  procurved  on  its  front  line  and 
recurved  at  the  rear  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  44).  Legs. — Concolourous  with  ceph- 
alothorax, densely  clothed  with  long,  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked 
patches  ;  underside  of  tibiae  i.  and  ii.  armed  with  several  short,  strong 
spines  ;  metatarsus  iii.  armed  on  upper  side  with  six  short,  strong,  black 
spines  arranged  in  pairs  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative 
lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Pal/pi. — Rather  long,  strong,  similar  in  colour  and 
clothing  to  legs;  patella,  tibia  and  tarsus  bespined  ;  the  lattei- scopulated. 
Falces. — Projected  well  forward,  rather  darker  than  cephalothorax,  inner 
and  outer  angles  and  apices  densely  clothed  with  coarse  haii's  or  bristles 
and  displaying  naked  patches  ;  rastellnni  consi.sts  of  three  transverse  rows 
of  strong  teeth  ;  inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  six 
strong  teeth,  and  the  outer  with  nine  smaller  ones  ;  in  addition  to  these 
there  is  an  intermediate  row  consisting  of  several  small  teeth.  Mn.cilhv. — 
Arched,  shining,  yellow-brown,  hairy,  heel  well  rounded  at  base,  apex  of 
inner  angle  obtusely  pointed;  tliere  is  a  cluster  of  small  spines  at  the  basal 
angle  just  above  apex  of  lip.  fAibiinn. — Normal,  concolourous,  shining, 
well  arched,  haiiy,  devoid  of  spines.  Stennoii. — Pyriform,  concolourous 
also,  shining,   rather  thickly  clothed   with   long,   black   hairs   or   bristles  ; 


Ar>^TKAi.iA\  ri;Ai'-i)(i()i;  sni>Ki;s — i;.\iN'i;n\v  a\i>  tii.i.k ink.  (i7 

.</(////(t  marginal.  Mnloineii. — Obovate,  sli^-litly  overliany-int^  base  of  cpjili- 
alothorax,  arched,  dark  brown,  deiisel}'  liairy.  ><iiiiuiprt^ls. — Ooiicoloi-ons 
with  abdomen,  hairy;  first  joint  of  snjterior  j)air  \on^,  the  third  shortest 
and  domed;  iiiFerioi-  pair  vei'y  small,  and  separated  from  earli  other  by  a 
space  equal  to  once  tlieir  individual   diameter. 

Ob.-i. — A  very  distinct  form.  Unfortunately  the  specimen  liad  been 
dried,  consequently  it  was  somewhat  shrivelled,  and  as  a  result  of  di-yi'i^ 
some  of  the  leg  spines  had  fallen  off. 

IJah. — Bridg-ewater,  South  Australia  (October,  1911). 

AgANU'TR   ROHrSTA,  .•>■/'.   //(•)/'. 

(PI.  xxi,,  tigs,  -to  and  -id) 

$.  Cephalotliorax,  13-8  mm.  long,  8  8  mm.  bioad  ;  abdomen,  16-2 
mm.  long,  10  mm.  broad. 

Ce^)haIot}iora,i'. — Obovate,  yellow-brown,  shining;  [)iIose.  Farf!  ceph- 
tdi'ca  high,  well  arched,  thoracic  groove  well  defined  ;  a  row  of  modei'ately 
long,  stiff  bristles  runs  down  the  middle  ;  ocidar  uren  broader  than  long, 
slightly  raised  and  furnished  witli  a  few  long  bristles  ;  cJtjpeus  hyaline, 
sloping  forward,  indented  at  the  middle.  Pars  thnracica  broad,  moderately 
arclied,  retreating  posteriorly,  radial  groove  distinct;  thoracic  fovea  deep, 
procurved  ;  marginal  hand  pallid,  fringed  with  fine  yellow  hairs.  Eijesf. — 
Distributed  over  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4.  The  two  front  eyes  are  near  to  the 
edge  of  the  clypeus,  elliptical,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space 
equal  to  fully  twice  their  individual  diameter,  and  from  those  of  the  second 
row  by  rather  more  than  one  ;  the  eyes  of  the  second  row  are  round,  rather 
small,  and  separated  from  eacli  other  by  a  space  equal  to  more  than  once 
their  individual  diameter  ;  posterior  low  distinctly  procurved  on  the  front 
line  and  slightly  recurved  on  the  rear  ;  lateral  eyes  of  this  row  equal  in 
size  to  the  anterior  eyes,  elliptical,  seated  obliquely,  and  poised  upon  black 
rings  ;  lear  median  eyes  smallest  of  the  group,  and  away  from  their  lateral 
neighbours;  they  are  also  widely  i-emoved  from  each  other  (PI.  xxi., 
fig.  45).  Legs. — Sturdy,  not  long,  yellow-brown,  clothed  with  long  black 
bristles,  but  displaying  naked  patches;  tibias  and  metatarsi  i.  and  ii. 
armed  with  long,  moderately  strong  spines,  and  those  of  legs  iii.  and  iv. 
with  a  few  rather  short  ones;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ; 
relative  lengths:  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palin. — Similar  in  colour,  clothing  and 
armature  to  legs  i.  and  ii.  ;  tarsus  scopulated.  Falces. — Concolorous 
with  legs,  shining,  clothed  with  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked 
patches  ;  rasfeUnm  consists  of  three  transverse  rows  of  teeth  ;  inner  ridge 
of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  eight  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer 
with  six  ;  in  addition  to  these  there  is  at  the  base  an  intermediate  row  of 
four  very  small  teeth.  Maxilhv. — Shining,  yellow-brown,  hairy,  arched, 
heel  well  rounded,  inner  angle  obtusely  pointed  at  apex,  no  spines  present. 
Lahiurn.  —  Concolorous,  normal,  shining,  arched,  hairy,  submerged. 
Sternum. — Pyriform,  concolourous  also,  uneven,  moderately  arched,  haiiy, 
anterior  and  intermediate  sigilla  marginal  ;  posterior  pair  large,  submar- 
ginal.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  arched,  hairy,  slightly  overlianging  base  of 
cephalothorax,   chocolate-brown    mottled    with    yellow  ;   four   lung    spots 


98  RECORDS  OP  THE   AUSTRALIAN   MrSETM. 

present,  distinct  and  yellow ;  beneath  the  second  pair  there  are  two 
moderately  large,  faintly  distinct  elliptical  yellow  spots,  and  beneath  these 
again  three  faintly  discernable  recui-ved,  transverse  yellow  bars  ;  inferior 
surface  dull  yellow,  densely  hairy  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  46).  Sijiiinerets. — Yellow, 
hairy  ;  first  ioint  of  superior  pair  longest,  the  third  shortest  and  dome- 
shaped. 

Obs. — The  collection  contains  two  specimens,  one  of  which  (probably 
gravid)  is  stouter  than  that  selected  for  the  type.  The  eye  formula  bears 
a  strong  superficial  resemblance  to  Cambridge's  ^i.  latior,  but  it  may  be 
easily  distinguished  therefrom  by  the  intermediate  eyes  of  the  rear  i-ow 
being  decidedly  closer  to  their  lateral  neighbours,  and  also  distinctly 
smaller  than  those  of  the  second  row. 

Hab. — Reed  Beds,  near  Adelaide  (August,  1911),  and  Port  Augusta, 
South  Australia. 

Aganippe  mopesta,  sp.  nov. 

(Pi.  xiii.,  tigs.  4  and  5,  and  PI.  xxi.,  figs.  47  and  48.) 

$.  Cephalothorax,  7"6  mm.  long,  5-7  mm.  broad:  abdomen.  10'5 
mm.  long,  77  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  yellowish  gre}-,  moderately  clothed  with 
fine,  pale  downy  hairs.  Pars  cephalica  ascending,  arched,  pencilled  down 
the  middle  where  there  is  a  row  of  short,  stiff,  black  bristles,  and  also 
laterally  at  posterior  extremity,  segmental  groove  distinct  ;  ocidar  area 
rather  broader  than  long,  raised,  arched,  smoky  brown,  and  furnished  in 
front  with  a  tuft  of  short  black  bristles  ;  cJi/peiis  hyaline,  very  bi'oad, 
sloping  well  forward,  deeply  indented  at  middle.  Pars  thoracica  arched, 
retreating  rearwards,  radial  grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  pro- 
curved  ;  marginal  band  undulated,  pallid,  and  fringed  with  a  few  rather 
long,  fine  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4  ;  anterior 
pair  largest  of  the  group,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal 
to  that  of  rather  more  than  once  their  individual  diametei'  ;  intermediate 
pair  very  small,  round,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to 
once  their  own  individual  diameter  ;  I'ear  row  pi-ocurved  on  its  front  line 
and  recurved  behind  ;  latei-al  eyes  elliptical,  very  slightly  smaller  than 
those  of  its  front  row,  poised  obliqtiely,  and  ringed  with  black  ;  intermed- 
iate eyes  minute,  elliptical,  widely  lemoved,  each  one  touching  the  outer 
ring  of  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxi.,  tig.  47).  Legs. — Concolorous  with 
cephalothorax,  rather  short,  strong,  hairy  but  displaying  naked  areas, 
each  ambulatory  limb  armed  with  a  few  not  very  stii>ng  black  spines  ; 
metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated ;  relative  lengths:  4,  1,2,3. 
Palpi. — Long,  strong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs  ; 
tarsus  scopulated.  Falces. — Projected  well  forward,  shining,  j-ellow  brown, 
each  pencilled  at  upper  inner  angle  and  lateral!}-  with  dark  brown,  clothed 
with  tine  dark  brown  hairs  and  long  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  exten- 
sive naked  areas;  inner  angle  of  the  fuirow  of  each  falx  armed  with  tive  stiong 
teeth  ;  rastelhira  consists  of  a  number  of  strong  teeth  distributed  over  an 
extensive  area  ;  fang  dark  brown,  shining,  well  curved.  Ma.iilla;. — 
Reddish-brown,  arched,  hairv,  well  rounded  at  heel  ;   lower  area   of  inner 


AUSTKALIAX  TKAl'-liOOl;   SI'IKKKS HAINlUiU    AM)    ITLI.EINK.  99 

angle  furnished  witli  a  lew  small  .spines  ;  apex  obtusely  pointed.  Lahittiii. — 
Rather  darker  tlian  foregoin<4',  bioader  than  long,  arclied,  hairy,  no  spines 
visible.  StertiKni. — Yellowish-grey,  moderately  arched,  clothed  with  black 
bristles,  pyriform,  undulated  latei-allj'  and  terininating  obtusel}'  between 
fourth  pair  of  coxge  ;  posterior  sigilla  round,  and  away  from  margin. 
Ahdoiiien. — Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  well  arch- 
ed, moderately  haiiy  ;  supei'ioi'  sni'face  dai'kish  yellow  bi'own  spotted  with 
yellow  ;  sides  concolorous  ;  inferior  surface  yellowish,  liairy  ;  when 
immersed  in  spirit  a  faint  dorsal  design  is  noticeable  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  48). 
Spinitei'ets. — Yellow,  haii-y  ;  superior  pair  stout,  first  joint  much  the 
longest,  the  third  shortest  and  dome-shaped  ;  infei'ioi'  spinners  short, 
stout,  apices  rounded,  and  separated  from  each  other'  by  a  space  equal  to 
once  tlieir  individual  transverse  diameter. 

Hah. — Black  Hill,  Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia  (November  18, 
1917). 

Aganippe  oknata,  >■/<.  //o/-. 

(PI.  xxi.,  figs.  49  and  50.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  5"6  Jiim.  long,  43  mm.  broad  ;  abd<nnen,  76  mm. 
long,  4" 7  mm.  broad. 

Ce]:iJtalot]ioru,i'. — Obovate,  yellow-brown,  shining,  clothed  with  long, 
yellowish,  silky  hairs.  Pars  cephtlica  high,  ascending,  slightly  compressed 
at  sides,  segmental  groove  well  defined  ;  ocidar  urea  elevated,  arched, 
black  ;  clijpeits  broad,  deep,  hyaline,  s]o{)ing  forward,  undulating.  I'ars 
thoracica  arched,  uneven,  retreating  towards  posterioi-  angle,  radial  gi-ooves 
distinct  ;  tlioracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  >uanjiiial  haiifl  black,  undulating. 
Eypf. — Distributed  over  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4  ;  anterior  pair  lai'gest  aiid 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  two-and-a-half  times  their 
individual  diameter,  somewhat  elliptical,  seated  obliquelj^,  ami  poised 
upon  black  rings  ;  the  second  or  intermediate  [)air  i-ound,  and  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  individual  diameter  ;  pos- 
terior row  procurved  on  its  inner  line  and  I'eciirved  at  the  rear;  side  eyes 
of  this  row  smaller  than  those  constituting  the  anterior  pair,  elliptical, 
oblique,  and  poised  upon  black  rings  ;  rear  intermediate  eyes  widely 
separated,  small,  each  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  49). 
Legs. — Moderately  long,  hairy,  tapering,  yellow  ;  patella?  i.  and  ii.  each 
marked  with  a  large  and  prominent  black  patch  on  their  outer  angle,  and 
broadly  pencilled  with  black  on  their  inner;  tibiae,  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i. 
and  ii.  broadly  pencilled  with  black  on  either  side  ;  each  tibia,  metatarsus 
and  tarsus  armed  with  black  spines,  those  on  the  two  first  pairs  being 
much  the  longest  and  strongest  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ; 
scopula  divided;  relative  lengths:  4,1,2,3.  Falpi. — Long,  moilei'ately 
strong,  similar  in  armatui'e  and  colour  to  legs  i.  and  ii.  FaJce^. — Projected 
well  forward,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  hairy,  but  disj)laying  naked 
patches;  rastellnta  consists  of  tliree  transverse  rows  of  teeth;  inner  lidge 
of  the  furiow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  i-ow  of  seven  strong  teeth  ;  outer 
ridge  devoid  of  teeth  ;  between  the  two  ridges  there  is  an  intermediate 
row  of  eight  very  small  teeth.     Ma.riJla'. — Yellow-brown,  shining,  arched. 


100  RECORDS  OK  THF.  AnSTU'Al.IAX   MUSEUM. 

hairy,  heel  well  rouuded,  inner  angle  obtusely  pointed  at  apex.  Labium. 
— Normal,  free,  concolorous,  arched,  hairy.  Ster)ium. — Pyriform,  concol- 
orous  also,  moderately  arched,  sparingly  hairy  ;  posterior  sigiUa  largest, 
submai'ginal.  Ahdomeii. — Ovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalo- 
thorax,  clothed  with  long  yellow  hairs  ;  superior  surface  black,  marked 
with  five  broad,  recurved,  transverse,  yellow  bars  ;  inferior  surface  dull 
yellow-grey,  hairy  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  50).  Spi^inerets. — Concolorous,  hairy; 
first  joint  of  superior  pair  longest,  third  shortest  and  dome-shaped;  inferior 
jiair  small,  and  separated  fiom  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  rather  more 
than  once  their  individual  diameter. 

Hab. — Kidsvold,  Queensland. 

Aganippe  pelochroa,^^  ^^j.  uor. 

(PI.  xxi.,  fig.  51.) 

$.  Cephalothoiax,  8  mm.  long,  7"2  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  10"2  mm. 
long,  8'9  mm.,  broad. 

Cephalothonue. — Obovate,  yellow-brown,  arched,  sparingly  clothed 
with  short  fine  yellowish  hairs  and  long,  dark  bristles.  Pars  ceplialica 
ascending,  compressed  laterally,  segmental  groove  distinct;  ocular  area 
broader  than  long,  furnished  in  front  and  at  rear  with  a  few  long  bristles  ; 
clypens  broad,  sloping  forward,  slightly  excavated  at  middle,  hyaline. 
Pars  thoracica  uneven,  retreating,  radial  grooves  broad  and  moderately 
deep;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  margitial  band  broad,  reflexed,  un- 
dulated, and  fringed  with  fine  hairs.  Ei/es. — Distributed  over  three  rows 
of  2,  2,  4  each.  Anterior  pair  just  touching  edge  of  cly])eus,  elliptical, 
poised  obliquely,  and  once-and-a-lnilf  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ; 
intermediate  pair  slightly  smallei',  round,  once  their  own  individual 
diameter  apart ;  each  is  again  removed  from  its  anterior  neighbour  by 
about  once  tlie  diameter  of  one  of  the  latter  eyes  ;  rear  row  of  eyes  form 
a  slightly  recurved  line  behind,  and  a  procurved  line  in  front ;  rear 
lateral  eyes  largest  of  the  gi-oup,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely;  rear 
intermediates  small,  somewhat  elliptical,  and  widely  separated  from  each 
other  ;  each  is  also  fully  once  its  own  individual  diameter  away  from  its 
lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  51).  Ldj'^. — Concolorous  with  cephalo- 
thorax,  short,  stout,  clothed  with  long  daik  hairs,  but  displaying  naked 
areas,  and  armed  with  short,  stout  spines  ;  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ; 
relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Moderately  long,  strong,  similar  in 
colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs.  Falces. — Strong,  projecting  well 
forward,  shining,  reddish-brown,  clothed  with  fine  liairs  and  coarse  bristles, 
but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  rastellnm  spread  over  an  extensive  area  ; 
lowei-  ridge  of  the  fuirow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  six  strong 
teeth  and  the  upper  with  a  row  of  ten  smaller  teeth  ;  between  these  rows 
there  is,  near  the  base,  an  intermediate  series  of  three  or  foui"  minute 
teeth  ;  beard,  red  ;  fang  long,  dark  brown,  shining,  well  curved.  MaxiUce. 
— Shining,  reddish-yellow,  arched,  well  rounded  at  heel  :   the   latter  not 


TTyXoXp(x>u<i  =^  Clay-Lolouivd. 


AtTSTRAI-IAN    IKAr-lMiui;   SI'IIHiK'S l;AIMtii\V   AND   ITI.I.KINK.  101 

excavatetl,  clotlied  witli  luii{>',  daik  hairs,  and  furnislieil  at  inner  angle 
near  the  base  with  a  small  cluster  of  spines  ;  beard  yellowish-red. 
Lahlinn. — Concolorous,  arched,  submeiged,  short,  broader  than  long, 
slightly  excavated  at  apex  where  it  has  a  fringe  of  stiff  bristles  ;  no  spines 
present  ;  a  few  hairs  distributed  over  tlie  surface.  S'enmm. — Yellow, 
somewhat  pyrifoiin,  arclied,  hairy  ;  posterior  sigillii  lai'ge,  and  away  from 
the  margin.  AbJomrii. — Broadly  obovate,  arched,  modei'ately  overhanging 
base  of  cepluilothorax,  clay-yellow,  hairy,  and  marked  on  superior  surface 

with  four  muscle  spots.      S2iiH'iierets Yellow,  hairy,  superior  pair  short, 

stout,  basal  joint  largest,  and  the  terminal  minute  and  dome-shaped  ; 
inferior  spinners  minute,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  about  one-half 
their  own  individual  transverse  diameter. 

Hull. — Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia. 

(leu Its  Anidiops,  Pocock. 

Anidiops  manstridgei,  Focock. 

(PI.  xxi.,  figs.  52,  53,  54.) 

Anidiups  iininstridgel,  Pocock,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (6),  xix.,  1897,  p.  114; 
Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  231  ;  Op.  cit.  1902,  p.  125,  pi.  xiii., 
fig.  9. 

Up  to  tlie  publication  of  this  paper  the  female  of  this  species  only 
was  known,  and  that  was  described  from  a  dried  specimen  in  the  Britisli 
Museum  as  quoted  above.  In  the  material  collected  by  Dr.  Pulleine  there 
are  half  a  dozen  females  and  two  males,  three  of  tlie  former  being  adult 
and  three  immature  ;  of  the  mature  forms  there  is  one  in  excellent  con- 
dition from  Port  Augusta  West,  Soutli  Australia,  which,  together  with 
the  other  specimens  bears  out  Pocock's  description,  and,  except  in  point 
of  size,  Hogg's  supplementary  remarks  and  figure.  The  largest  specimen 
under  review  shows  the  following  measurements  : — Cephalothorax,  11'8 
mm.  long,  9"5  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  137  mm.  long,  10  mm.  broad.  The 
type  came  from  LaAvler's,  East  Murchison  Goldfields,  West  Australia. 
All  the  examples  before  us  are  from  South  Australia. 

Included  in  the  collection  are  two  male  specimens  from  Mallala, 
South  Australia.  Both  of  these  are  fully  developed,  and  bear  a  strong 
superficial  resemblance  to  the  males  of  Aganippe  juillehiel,  Hogg,  and  ^1. 
subtrhti^,  0.  P.  Cambr.,  but  are  easily  distinguished  therefrom  by  the  e^^e 
formula.      The  description  is  as   follows: — 

$.  CephaK)thorax,  8'8  mm.  long,  7  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  8"4  nun. 
long,  4*3  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorux.  —  Obovate,  yellow-brown,  setose.  Farit  ceplialicu 
strongly  arched,  ti'uncated  in  front,  thoracic  groove  strongly  impressed  ; 
ocvhir  urea  raised,  rather  broadei'  than  long,  well  arched  ;  chjpeus  deep, 
hyaline.  Fars  thoracica  broad,  moderately  arched,  radial  gi-ooves  broad, 
deep  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  luarglnal  baud  i)allid,  closely  fringed 
with    strong,    black    setae.     Eiji's    arranged    in    two  rows   of    four    each  ; 


102  i;ecori>s  ok  the  austramak  mi'sei'm. 

auterior  row  strongly,  aud  the  posterior  row  well  procurved  ;  anterior 
side  ej'es  touching  margin  of  cljpeus,  elliptical,  obliqaelj^  placed,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  one-half  their  indiv- 
idual diameter;  intermediate  eyes  round,  rather  smaller  than  their  lateral 
neighbours  ;  rear  side  eyes  as  large  as  their  anterior  laterals,  elliptical, 
and  obliquely  placed  ;  rear  intermediate  eyes  small,  each  close  to,  but  not 
touching,  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  52).  Legs. — Long,  moder- 
ately strong,  yellow,  tapering  ;  each  coxa  and  limb  thickly  studded  with 
strong  black  spines,  those  on  the  underside  of  each  tibia  and  tarsus  being 
much  the  longest  and  strongest  ;  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  on  tibia  i. 
there   is   an    apophysis    (PI,    xxi.,    fig.    53);   relative    lengths:   4,1=2,   3. 

Palpi Moderately  long,  hairy  ;   tibial  joint  inflated    and    furnished   with 

an  apophysis,  the  crest  of  which  is  spined  ;  tarsal  joint  leddish,  densely 
hairy,  and  terminating  in  front  in  an  obtuse  point  ;  palpal  bulb  reddish, 
round,  hollowed  underneath  where  it  is  3-ellowish  ;  stigma  long,  tapering, 
acuminate,  grooved  down  the  middle  to  near  the  centi-e  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  54). 
Falces. — Moderately  projecting  and  moderately  strong,  hairy,  but  display- 
ing naked  patches,  dark  brown  ;  rasteJluiu  present,  not  strong  ;  outer  ridge 
of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  eight  teeth  and  the  inner  with  six; 
in  addition  to  these  there  is  an  intermediate  row  of  five  or  six  very  small 
teeth.  Maxillce. — Yellow,  arched,  hairy,  heel  well  rounded;  no  teeth 
present.  LaMum. — Ooncolorous,  short,  broad,  arched,  submerged  beneath 
base  of  maxillfe,  moderatelj'  hairy.  Sternum. — Pyriform,  concolorous  with 
labium,  arched,  moderately  hairy,  and  furnished  with  seta?;  siijilla  oi'ange- 
coloured,  the  anteriors  marginal ;  posterior  pair  largest,  in  a  line  between 
second  and  third  c<)xa%  and  removed  from  margin.  ^[hilo))ie)i. — Ovate, 
slightly  projecting  over  base  of  cephalothorax.  superior  sui'face  yellow- 
brown,  hairy,  thickly  beset  with  fairly  strong  spines  ;  infeiior  surface 
3'^ellow,  hairy.  Spinnerets. — Superior  pair  stoul,  hairy,  yellow,  first 
joint  longer  than  second  and  third  combined  ;  the  latter  shortest  and 
domed;  inferior  spinners  cylindrical,  short,  and  removed  from  each  otlier 
by  a  space  equal  to  fully  twice  (heii'  individual  diameter. 

Jlnb. — Two  males  from  Mallala  (May,  1910);  females  from  Port 
Augusta  (July  24,  1910)  ;  Ambleside  (formerly  Halmdorf)  (November, 
1909)  ;   and    Collinsdale,  Buri'ii,  South    Austi-ali'n. 

(tV» /(■■<•    Gains,  Judnlnnr. 
GrAlUS  HIKSUTDS,  sp.  imv. 

(PI.  xxi.,  fig.  55.) 

$.  Cephalotiiorax,  l.'M  nun.  h)ng,  108  mm.  bi'oad  :  abdomen,  15'9 
nun.  long.  114  mm.  In-oad. 

CeplKil'itliiiin.i . — ()i)()vale,  yellow-biHtwn,  shining,  lliickly  (but  imt 
<lensely)  clothed  with  tine  yellowish  hairs.  /'ins  repltnlicit  arclieds 
ascending  high  (but  not  so  much  so  as  in  Missitlemt,  Walck.),  sides  steep  ; 
thoracic  groove  well  defined  ;  ociilar  area  I'aised,  arched,  bioader  than  long, 
smokj'^-brown,  furnished  with  a  few  long  bristles  ;  cliiponx  hyaline,  broad, 
sloping,  deeply  indented  at  the  middle,  and  having  in  front  of   the   eyes  a 


AIM  i;.\i.i.\N  Ti;Ar-i><>ui;  sniiKijs      i;ainU(i\\   ANh  imli.kim-:.  lOS 

tuft  of  loiio',  black  bristles.  /'<(/s  t/mracicu  moderately  broad,  arched, 
retreating  rearwards,  radial  grooves  distinct;  thoracic  foccn  deep,  strongly 
procurved  ;  iiKirginal  hand  bi-oad,  sinuous,  pallid.  Eye.<. — Distributed  over 
tln-eo  rows  of  2,  2,  4  ;  rear  row  procurved  ;  anterior  eyes  lai'ge,  round  ; 
lateral  eyes  of  rear  row  large,  somewhat  elliptical,  of  equal  size  to  those  of 
the  front  pair,  oblique  and  slightly  liiised  on  black  rings  ;  front  eyes 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  .space  equal  to  once-and-a-half  their  indiv- 
idual diameter,  and  from  their  median  neighboui'S  by  a  space  equal  to 
about  that  of  one  diameter  ;  median  eyes  round,  small,  and  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  once  their  own  individual  diameter  ; 
rear  median  eyes  round,  smaller  than  the  foregoing,  widely  removed  from 
each  othei' ;  each  is  also  separated  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  a  space 
equal  to  rather  more  than  once  its  own  diameter  (PI.  xxi.,  fig.  55).  Legs. 
— Yellow-brown,  short,  sturdy-,  thickly  clothed  with  long,  coarse  bristles, 
but  displaying-  naked  areas;  each  tibia  and  metatarsus  armed  with  rather 
long,  moderately  strong  spines  ;  co.xse  long,  hairy  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i. 
and  ii.  thickly  scoi)ulated  ;  relative  lengtlis  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Similar 
in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs  ;  tibia  and  tarsus  bespined ;  the  latter 
thickly  scopulated.  Falces. — Projecting  well  forward,  shining,  mahogany- 
brown,  densely  clothed  with  long,  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked 
areas;  rasfellunr  consists  of  a  series  of  strong  teeth  spread  over  a  rather 
extensive  area  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  seven 
strong  teeth,  and  the  outer  with  six  ;  in  addition  to  these  there  is  an  inter- 
mediate row  consisting  of  about  a  dozen  smaller  teeth  ;  of  the  latter  those 
nearest  the  base  are  the  smallest.  Maxilhv. — Long,  broad,  arched,  hairy, 
reddish-biown,  heel  well  rounded,  apex  of  inner  angle  projected  forward, 
and  terminating  in  an  obtuse  point;  lower  portion  of  inner  angle  fringed 
with  a  beard  of  long,  yellow-grey  hairs,  and  the  upper  with  a  beard  of  red 
hairs.  Labium. — Concolorous,  shining,  arched,  free,  broader  than  long, 
submerged  beneath  maxillae,  apex  procurved,  and  fringed  with  coarse 
bristles.  Stern luii. — Pyriform,  elongate,  yellow-brown,  moderately  arched, 
hairy,  terminating  in  a  sub-acute  point  between  fourth  pair  of  coxae  ; 
surface  clothed  with  long,  coarse  bristles  ;  anterior  sigilla  marginal,  inter- 
mediate pair  submarginal,  posterior  pair  large  and  removed  from  margin. 
Abdomen. — Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  yellow- 
brown,  arched,  hairy.  Spinnerets. — Short,  stout,  hairy,  concolorous  ;  first 
joint  of  superior  pair  much  the  longest,  and  the  third  minute  and  dome- 
shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  somewhat  coniform,  and  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  one-half  their  individual  diameter. 

Obs. — This  is  the  second  s[)ecies  recorded  to  the  genus  Gains,  Rainb. 
The  first  one  came  from  Minnivale,  West  Australia,  and  its  trap-door  was 
recorded  by  Mr.  W.  B.  Alexander,  as  being  thin,  of  the  wafer  type,  but 
having  a  few  twigs  incor|)orated  in  its  upper  surface  round  the  edges. ^  In 
respect  of  the  genus  itself  its  natural  position  should  be  immediately 
after   Anidiops,  Pocock. 

Hab. — Port  Augusta  (July,  1909),  South  Australia. 


*  Rainbow.— Reo.  Austr.  Mn.s..  x.,  1911.,  p.  198. 


104  RECORDS  OF  TUE  AUSTRALIAN   MUSEUM. 

Genus  Blakistonia,  Hogg. 

Blakistonia  aukea,  Hogg. 

(PI.  xiii.,  Hg.  8,  PI.  xiv.,  fig.  6,  and  PI.  xv.,  fig.  7.) 

Blahistonia  anrea,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Sue.,  1902,  p.  182,  pi.  xiii.,  figs.  1  and 

2,  and  text  figs.  25b-e. 

Ohs. — Judged  by  tlie  mimbei'  of  spei;inien,s  collected,  and  tlie  wide 
range  of  localities  from  which  tliey  were  obtained,  this  is  the  commonest 
Ctenizid  in  South  Australia.  Younger  specimens  are  much  blighter  than 
the  more  aged  examples.  In  some  specimens  the  upper  suiface  of  the 
abdomen  (female)  is  sprinkled  with  groups  of  very  dark  spots  which  when 
viewed  by  the  naked  eye,  and  in  spirit,  have  the  ajipearance  of  chevi-ons. 

Blakistonia  dtiren,  Hogg,  is  the  common  Ctenizid  of  the  Adelaide 
Plains.  Here  it  attains  its  largest  size,  and  the  nests  as  figured  are  closed 
by  lids  which  may  attain  the  size  of  2|  cm.  in   diameter. 

In  favourable  situations  they  are  very  common.  In  uncultivated 
land  between  Adelaide  and  the  sea  there  are  places  where  several  can  be 
found  to  the  square  yard  (PI.  xiii.,  fig.  8),  and  the  whole  Blakistuiiia  pop- 
ulation of  the  plains  must  be  immense.  The  economic  value  of  this  spider* 
ill  such  great  numbers  ma}'  be  easily  imagined  when  we  consider  that  its 
nocturnal  habits  enable  it  to  capture  larval  locusts  and  dispose  of  a  great 
number. 

In  the  cultivated  lands  the  tendency-  of  the  frequent  disturbance  is  to 
drive  the  spiders  to  the  shelter  of  the  fences,  and  in  these  positions  we  find 
tliem  largely  along  the  highways  leaving  tlie  city  in  every  direction. 
Plantations,  and  especially  under  ])ine  ti'ees,  are  favorite  spots,  but  they 
are  often  found  on  hard,  much  frequented  paths.  In  wet  weather  the 
partial  filling  up  of  the  tube  with  water  does  not  seem  to  inconvenience  the 
spider  much,  and  at  the  back  of  the  Port  River,  and  the  reed  beds, 
Adelaide,  specimens  are  found  in  great  abundance  in  ground  that  may  be 
submerged  for  days  together. 

In  the  summer,  at  any  rate  on  the  plains,  the  spidei-  seals  its  door 
down  by  a  collar  of  web  reaching  from  the  side  of  the  tube  to  the  margin 
of  the  door.  This  it  does  to  prevent  dessication  from  the  aii-  and  to  pro- 
tect itself  against  the  parasitic  wasj)S  which  occasionally  use  it  as  food  for 
their  larvse.  That  this  happens  is  made  certain  by  the  occurrence  of  pupa 
cases  in  the  empty  bujTow.  At  the  approach  of  autumn  the  nests  are 
unsealed  and  the  lids  can  be  lifted  as  before.  The  collar,  however,  remains 
as  evidence  of  its  having  been  sealed  down. 

The  male  is  rarely  found  in  the  nest.  Most  of  those  found  have 
been  collected  under  stones  in  cold,  wet  wintiy  weather.  About  A\nil 
the  egg  bag  is  prepared  and  the  eggs  laid  ;  the  bag  is  of  white  silk  of  a 
long  recttangular  form  like  an  ordinary  pillow,  and  is  suspended  from 
the  sides  of  the  tube  by  diagonally  opposite  corners.  The  height,  in  one 
cast,  was  2  inches,  and  the  peculiar  way  of  suspending  it  allows  the  spidei- 
to  pass  up  and  down  the  tube.  In  June,  one  of  the  wi'iters  [R.H.P.]  found 
the  bag  empty  and  lying  detached  in  the  bottom  of  the  tube  with  first 
casts  inside  it  ;iii(l  the  second  on  the  suiface.      In  the  nest,  with  the  mother 


Ai'srijAi.iAN   ii;Ar-i i;s1'ii>ki;> — kwimkiw  anm  ri  i  i.kim;.  105 

are  the  biood  of  young  ones  and  they  seem  to  remain  there  for  some 
months  before  leaving  to  form  nests  in  the  vicinity  of  the  home.  The 
Hrst  nests  formed  by  spiders  are  only  slightly  lai'ger  than  those  found  in 
the  tube  with  the  mother ;  the  burrows  are  very  small  nnd  possess  no 
door  ;  [)robabl3'  this  stage  is  after  the  third  cast.  The  nest  is  simply  an 
open  tiii)e  near  these  and  only  little  larger  are  tubes  provided  with  minute 
doors.  From  this  on,  the  tubes  are  eidaiged  by  simply  cleiiniiig  out  and 
reliuing  and  adding  concentrically  to  the  door.  In  original  doois  the 
minute  one  of  the  first  nest  may  often  be  tiaced  as  the  nucleus. 

The  clearing  out  process  is  often  undertaken  in  damp  weather,  and 
the  Hrst  autumn  rains  are  the  period  of  greatest  activity.  The  nests  often 
being  surrounded  with  small  fiagments  of  clay  and  soil,  making  them 
appear  like  anthills.  Sometimes,  howevei',  the  old  dooi'  is  discarded  and 
a  new  one  built.  In  this  case,  if  built  by  an  adult  it  is  started  from  tlie 
hinge  along  its  whole  length,  just  as  it  is  if  the  lid  had  been  experiment- 
ally removed  for  observation. 

At  certain  places  in  the  hill  country  (Mylor,  Pewsey  Vale,  South 
Australia),  the  younger  nests  at  least  exhibit  lids  with  interlocking  dent- 
ations into  the  mouth  of  the  tube.  Perfect  as  the  ordinaiy  door  is,  this 
modification  must  make  a  much  gi-eater  call  on  the  ingenuity  of  the 
Blakistonians  which  are  mostly  immature. 

The  female  spider  is  a  singularly  sluggish  animal  juaking  no  attempt 
to  defend  itself  unless  irritated,  when  it  stands  on  its  hinder  two  pairs  of 
legs  and  strikes  in  the  characteristic  attitude  of  tlie  Territellaria?. 

11  ah. —Mitchiim,  Adelaide  (October  26,  1917),  Bridgewater  (October, 
1911),  Black  Hill,  Port  Augusta,  Port  Augusta  West  '(.Inly  24,  1907), 
Pichi  Richi,  Leviston,  Hope  Valley  (April,  1908),  Canowie  (Api-il,  1908), 
Mallala  (April,  1908),  Yai'cowie,  Kalkabury,  York  Peninsula  (March, 
1908),  Oaklands,  Kingswood,  Woolshed  Flat,  South  Australia;  Broken 
Hill,  New  South  Wales. 

Gro>,p  ARBANITE^. 

<jeiiH!i  Dyarcyops,  Hogg. 

I'll'irnjapt!  aiidreirtii,  Hogg,  and  D.  hirni,  Kulcz.,  were,  until  the  pub- 
lication of  this  paper,  the  sole  lepresentatives  of  the  genus  to  Avhich  they 
belong,  and  to  these  ai'e  now  added  thi-ee  more,  viz.,  D.  vielimcholicn.^,  V. 
i<t)ifhn)<  and  D.  maciilosas,  each  of  which  is  from  the  vicinity  of  Sydney. 
Of  these,  the  first-named,  was  collected  at  Clifton  Gardens,  on  the  north 
side  of  Sydney  Harbour,  by  one  of  us  [R.H.I'.],  who  also  collected  the 
last-tiamed  at  La  Perouse,  Botany  Bay,  just  as  this  portion  of  tlie  paper 
was  being  put  into  type,  the  second  was  collected  by  Mr.  Danvers  Power, 
from  his  gardeii  at  Burwood.  Judging  by  1).  io)tthit.-^  Hogg's  definition  of 
the  genus  will  have  to  be  amended  so  as  to  read  : — "  T/ionicic  fovea  deep, 
long,  .straight  or  slightly  procuived."  In  every  respect,  save  that  of  the 
fovea,  IJ.  ionthus  conforms  to  the  original  description  of  the  genus. ^ 


•'  Hog^'— rtoc.  Zoul.  8uc.  Lond.,  l'J02,  p.  130. 


106  WECOIUtS  OF  THE  Al'STKALIAN    .MFSEUM. 

DyARCYOPS    ANDRKWSl,    Iloijij. 

Jjijarci/ops  aiulreii:t<l,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1902,  p.  130,  pi.  xiii.,  tig.  10, 

and  text  fig.  25«. 

ifaft.— Aldgate  (May,  21,  1910),  Strailialbyn  (Marcli  20,  1905),  and 
Keith,  Soutli  Anstialia  (May  6,  1914). 

Dyakcyops  uiiiui,  Knicz. 

(PI.  xiv.,  fig.  9.) 

Dyarcyops  biroi,  Kulcz.,  Ann.  Mus.  Nat.  Jluug.,  vi.,  190b,  |>.  435. 

Obs. — Altliougli  the  specimen  now  under  review  is  larger  than 
Knlcznski's  type,  and  differs  in  certain  minor  details  from  that  author's 
de8cri()tion,  I  have  not  much  doubt  but  that  the  two  are  S3nionymous. 
At  any  rate  until  more  specimens  from  New  South  Wales  sliall  have  been 
collected,  1  think  it  better  to  suspend  final  judgment. 

Hab. — Kaianga,  Narooma,  New  South  Wales  (January,  1911). 

DVAKCVOPS   MELAXCHOLICU.'^,  xji.   IKir. 

(PL  xii.,  fig.  10.) 

^.  Cephalothorax,  8'1  mm.  long,  7  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  b-1  mm. 
long,  5  mm.  broad. 

Gephcdothoni.r. — Obovate,  dark  brown  (nearly  black),  hairy,  uneven. 
Fars  cephaltca  arched,  ascending,  truncated  in  front,  thoracic  groove  dis- 
tinct ;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised,  arched  ;  cl iipem^  deep,  slightly 
inclined  inwards,  dark  brown.  Furs  thoracica  I'ather  bi'oad,  arched, 
radial  grooves  deep  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  straight  ;  luanjinal  band  un- 
dulating, dark  brown,  fringed  with  long  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over 
two  rows  of  four  each  ;  front  row  strongly  procurved  ;  rear  row  pro- 
curved  ;  lateral  eyes  of  front  I'ow  largest  of  tlie  group,  and  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  three,  times  their  individual  diam- 
eter, ringed  with  black,  and  poised  obliquely  :  intermediate  pair 
smaller,  and  once  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  posterior  latei-als 
somewhat  elliptical,  rather  smaller  tlian  their  anterior  lateral  ueighbours, 
and  poised  obliquely  ;  rear  intermediate  eyes  minute,  widely  removed  from 
each  other;  each  touches  the  ring  of  its  outer  neighbour  (PI.  xii.,  fig.  10). 
Legs. — Long,  tapering,  coucolorous  with  cephalothorax,  hairy ;  tibia  i. 
furnished  with  an  apophysis  ;  tibife  and  metatai'si  bespined  ;  ntefatarsiis  and 
tarsus  of  each  ley  scopvJated ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Concolor- 
ous  with  legs,  and  similar  to  them  in  clothing  ;  tibia  short,  intlatcd,  and  fur- 
nished with  an  apophysis;  radial  joint  very  short,  armed  at  ajiox  witli  a  num- 
ber of  short,  stout  spines  ;  bulb  shining,  pear-shaped  ;  stigma  broad  at  base, 
channelled,  tapering  and  terminating  in  a  moderately  long,  slightly  twisted 
style.  Ftdces. — Coucolorous  with  cephalothorax,  pi'ojected,  moderately 
strong,  clothed  with  long,  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ; 
inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  five  moderately 
strong  teeth.  Ma.cilla^. — Reddish-brown,  hairy,  slightly  arched,  devoid  of 
spines,  heel  well   rounded  ;   innei-  angle  fringed   with   a  thick,  red   beard. 


AUsrKAMAN  ii;.\r-iHi(H;  >i'ii)Ki;; — i.'AiNi'.nw  ANP  rri.i.KiNi;.  107 

Ijahiitot. — Conoulorons,  i-atlier  longer  tliaii  broad,  arched,  liairy.  Steniion. 
— Pvrifonn,  elongate,  concolorons  with  i'oi'egoing,  densely  Iniii'v,  very 
sHghtlv  ai-ched  :  alijilld  small,  marginal.  Ahildinen. — Obovate,  arched, 
slightly  overhanging  base  of  cei)haU)thorax,  densely  clothed  with  long, 
coarse  hairs  ;  superior  surface  and  sides  dark  brown,  nearly  black  ; 
inferioi"  surface  yellowish,  densely  hairy.  Sin'innTets. — Noinial,  short, 
stoxrt,  hairy,  yellowish. 

$.  Cephalothorax,  l()-7  mm.  long,  7-!»  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  d'A- 
mm.  long,  S'2  mm.  broad. 

Except  in  point  of  size,  natural  sexual  differences  and  the  fact  that 
metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  only  in  the  female  are  scopulated,  tlie  two 
sexes  aie  i-emarkably  alike.  The  front  lateral  eyes  are  four  times  their 
individual  diameter  apart,  and  the  rear  row  is  procurved.  Proportionally 
the  legs  of  the  female  are  much  shorter  and  stouter  ;  the  ])alpi  are  long, 
and  similar  to  leg  i.  in  clothing  and  armature  ;  tarsus  scopulated  ;  the 
cliijjeiis  also  slopes  forward. 

Hrt5._Clifton  Gardens,  Sydney  (August,  1!>10),  New  South  Wales. 

Dyakcvoi'S  ionthus,*' .s//.  hoc. 
(PI.  xxi.,  fig.  5(^.) 

$,  Cephalothorax,  10-7  mm.  long,  7-8  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  LS  mm. 
long,  8"8  mm.  broad. 

Cephalotliora.c. — Obovate,  elongate,  arched,  chocolate-brown,  clothed 
with  fine,  down-lying,  yellowish  hairs.  Furs  <'eph(iII'-<(  moderately  high, 
ascending,  segmental  groove  distinct  ;  vzalar  area  raised,  broader  than 
long,  dark  brown,  fringed  in  front  with  a  few^  stiff'  bristles  ;  cli/jn'Kf  broad, 
sloping  forward,  indented  at  middle,  pallid,  tinged  with  brown  in  front  of 
eyes,  at  which  there  is  also  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles.  I'ais  thuraclca  not 
broad,  uneven,  retreating,  radial  grooves  moderately  distinct  ;  thoracic 
fovea  long,  deep,  slightly  procurved  ;  manjinal  Inoid  broad,  pallid,  sinuous, 
fringed  with  fine  hairs.  Eyes. — Disti^ibuted  over  two  rows  of  four  each, 
the  front  row  being  strongly  pi'ocurved,  and  the  rear  moderately  so  ;  front 
lateral  eyes  largest  of  the  series,  each  rather  more  than  once  its  own 
individual  diameter  from  its  median  neighbour ;  front  median  eyes  about 
once  their  own  individual  diameter  apart;  rear  lateral  eyes  rather  smaller 
than  the  anterior  medians,  and  about  twice  tlieii-  own  individual  diameter 
from  their  front  lateral  neighbours  ;  I'ear  medians  very  small,  widely 
removed  from  each  other,  and  each  again  separated  by  about  one  and  a 
half  its  own  diameter  from  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxi.,  tig.  56).  Leij". 
— Short,  strong,  clay-yellow,  hairy  but  displaying  naked  areas,  each  armed 
with  long,  fine  spines  ;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths  : 
•i,  1,  2,  3,  the  fourth  leg  being  but  slightly  longer  than  the  first.  Falpi. 
— Moderately  long,  strong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to 
legs;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falcen. — Dark  brown,  moderately  projected,  strong, 
arched,  denselv  clothed  with  short,  tine  hairs  and   long,  coarse   bristles  ; 


lovda^  =  cluthed  with  tine  hairs. 


108  KECORbS  OF  THK  AUSTKALIAN    MCSETM. 

inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  ten  strong 
teeth,  and  the  outer  with  thirteen  small  ones ;  beard  red  ;  fanxj  long,  well 
curved,  nearly  black.  MuxUlce. — Dark  brown,  arched,  densely  clothed 
with  k)ng  hairs,  heel  well  rounded  ;  beard  red.  Lahiinu. — Concolorous, 
short,  broad  as  long,  submerged,  arched,  hairy,  apex  straight,  and  fringed 
with  long  bristles.  Stern hdi. — Concolorous  also,  arclied,  densely  haiiy, 
broadest  opposite  third  pair  of  coxte  ;  anterior  and  median  sigiUa  mar- 
ginal, the  posterior  submarginal.  Abdomen. — Oblong-obovate,  slightly 
overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  arclied,  dark  chocolate  brown,  densely 
clothed  with  fine  dark  hairs,  and  showing  towai'ds  anterior  extremity  two 
well  defined  muscle  spots.  Spiiineret>>. — Clay-yellow,  short,  stout  ;  the 
superior  pair  has  the  basal  joint  longer  than  the  second  and  third  com- 
bined ;  the  third  joint  minute,  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  scarcely 
once  their  individual  transverse  diameter  apart. 

O&s. — No  lid  to  nest. 

Hub. — Burwood,  Sydney  (February  23,  1918),  New  South  Wales. 

Dyarcyops  maculosds,  s}^.  hoc. 

(Figs.  2  and  3.) 

9.      Cephalothorax,  ir'l  mm.  long,  -i'4  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  9-5  mm. 
long,  5*1  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  arched,  yellow-brown,  clothed  with  fine 
silky  hairs.  Furs  cephalica  ascending,  high,  segmental  groove  distinct  ; 
iii'nlar  area  broader  than  long,  fringed  in  front  with  long,  stout  bristles  ; 
I'lijpeus  hyaline,  sloping  forward,  undulating.  Parf  thoraclca  not  broad, 
uneven,  radial  grooves  distinct:  thoracic  foveii  straight;  )iiaryiiial  band 
broad,  pallid,  undulating.  Eijex. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each, 
the  front  one  being  strongly  procurved,  and  the  rear  moderately  so ;  eyes 
of  front  row  of  equal  size,  round,  the  intermediate  pair  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  fully  once  their  own  individual 
diameter,  and  each  again  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  somewhat  less  than 
that  space  ;  rear  lateral  eyes  rather  smaller  than  theii'  anterior  neighbours  ; 
rear  intermediates  ninch  the  smallest  of  the  series,  and  each  quite  close  to, 
but  not  touching  its  latei'al  ueiglibour  (Fig.  2). 
7>t'_'/.s. — Short,  concolorous  with  cephalothoi'ax, 
spined,  densely  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas; 
metatai'si  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  sup- 
erior claws  long ;  relative  lengths :  4,  1,  2,  3. 
I'alpi. —  liong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and 
armature  to  legs  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falcrs. — 
Dark     brown,    shining,     modeiately     projected,  ,.j ,  „ 

strong,  arclied,  densely  clothed  with  dark  brown 

liairs ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armeil  with  six  strong  teeth, 
and  the  outer  with  seven  smaller  ones ;  between  these  two  series  there  is 
at  the  base  a  double  row  of  eight  or  nine  minnte  teeth  ;  rantellitni  consists 
of  a  couple  of  rows  of  stout  teeth  ;  I'auy  long,  dark  brown,  well  curved. 
Ma.fiJIii'. — Dull  yellowish,  arched,  shining,  moderately  hairy  ;  beard  long, 
foxy-red,  heel  well  rounded.     Labium. — Concolorous,  short,  arched,  shining. 


Al>ri;ALlAN   T1;A1*-Im.k»K   S111'KI;s  —  IIAIXHoW   ANI>   Itl.LKINK.  109 

apex  sti"aight,  aud  fringed  with  dark  bristles.  Stcnmni. — Concolorons  also, 
hairv,  arched,  broadest  between  third  pair  of  coxte  ;  i!i(jillii  small,  round, 
yellow,  posterior  pair  submarginal.  Ahihuin-n. — Obovate,  not  ovei-hanging 
base  of  cephalothorax  ;  arched  ;  superior  surface  and  sides  yellow,  flecked 
and  spotted  with  chocolate-brown  (Fig.  3),  moderately 
haii'v'  ;  immediately  in  front  of  rimn  epHfusterig  there  is  a 
i-ather  large  and  prominent  patch  of  orange-red.  Siiin- 
iieretf'. — Yellow.  First  segment  of  superior  pair  longer 
than  the  second  and  third  combined;  terminal  segment 
dome-haped  ;  inferior  spinners  short,  and  sepai-ated  from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  own  individual 
ti-ansverse  diameter.  Pig  3. 

jj,,l._ — La    Perouse.  Botany    Bav.   New    South    Wales   (November  9, 
1918). 

Geiii!.^  Arbanitis.  /,.  Korh. 

Three  species  onlv  of  this  genus  have  up  to  the  present  been  made 
known  fi'om  Australia,  viz.,  A.  ]<.>n<flpes;  L.  Koch,  .1.  )uarulij>e.<,  Hogg,  and 
A.  n/.-c/j/e>-,  Rainb.,  the  first  named  hailing  from  Queensland,  the  second - 
from  Tasmania,  and  the  third  from  New  South  Wales.  Koch's  species  was 
described  fi'om  a  male  only,  but  in  1914  one  of  the  writers  of  this  paper 
"W.J.R."  described  that  which  he  took  to  be  the  female.  Two  examples 
were  recorded  on  that  occasion,  one  being  from  Eidsvold,  and  the  other 
from  Burnett  River,  Queensland.  The  present  collection  contains  another 
specimen  from  a  locality  near  Eidsvold.  To  these  nine  additional  forms 
are  now  recorded. 

In  elucidation  of  the  species,  we  submit  the  following  table  : — 

Front  middle  eyes  about  one  half  their  in^lividual  diameter  apart  (sec.  L. 
Koch) ". A.   longipes,  L.  Koch. 

Front  middle  eyes  one  third  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  thoracic  fovea 
very  deep,  broad,  slightly  prociu-ved A.  t'uscijies,  Eainli. 

Front  middle  eyes  nearly  twice  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  thoracic  fovea 

straight,  but  slightly  curved  round  base  of  cephahc  part 

A.   luacuJipes.  Hogg. 

Front  middle  eyes  once  their  iu<li\idual  diameter  apart,  thoracic  fovea  slightly 

procurved;  abdomen  marked  with  broken  transverse  yellow  bars 

A.  gi-acilis,  sp.  nov. 

Front  middle  eyes  alx)ut  once  their  own  indi\'idual  diameter  apart ;  thomcic 
fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  abdomen  chocolate  brown  with  yellow  markings 
and  transverse  bars A.  festirus,  sp.  nov. 

Front  middle  eyes  rather  small,  about  once  their  individual  diameter  apart  ; 
thoracic  fovea  procurved  ;  abdomen  ornamented  with  yellow  spots  and 
markings A.  similaris,  sp.  nov. 

Front  middle  eyes  fully  once  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  thoracic  fovea 

straight;  abdomen  chocolate  brown  marked  with  yeUow 

.4.  pulcheUim,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  three  fourths  their  individual  diameter  ajiart ;  thoracic 

fovea  straight  ;  abdomen  yellow,  marked  with  chocolate  brown 

A.  elegans,  sp.  nov. 


110  RECOUUS  OK  THE  AUSTKALIAN   Ml'SEU-M. 

Front  median  eyes  one  half  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  thoracic  fovea 

proeurved,  abdomen  chocolate  brown,  spotted  with  yellow 

A.  inornatus,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  not  more  than  one  half  their  individual  diameter  apart ; 
thoracic  fovea  sti'aight ;  abdomen  densely  liairy A.  hirsutus,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  not  more  than  one  half  their  individual  diameter  apart; 
thoracic  fovea  straight  ;  aV)domen  closely  studded  witli  papilla?,  each  of 
which  carries  a  short  black  bristle A.  papiUosus,  sp.  nov. 

Front  middle  eyes  of  s  less  than  once  their  own  individual  diameter  apart, 
and  the  front  laterals,  again,  twice  their  own  individual  diameter  from 
each  other ;  tibial  joint  of  palpus  inflated  and  furnished  with  a  spined 
apoplaysis.  Front  middle  eyes  of  ?  once  their  own  individual  diameter 
apart,  and  the  front  laterals  three  times  their  own  individual  diameter 
from  each  other A.  uioiitaitus,  sp.  nov. 

AhuAXII'IS    ?  l.OXtilPES,  ]j.  Korli. 

PholeiicDi  h'liiji'iwi^,   L.   Kocli,  Die  Aracli.  des  Anstr.,  i.,  1874,  pp.  472  and* 
491,  pi.  xxxvi.,  tigs.  3,  3((,  Sb,  3c. 

Arhiiuitis  loii(iipe!<,   Hogg,    Proc.   Zool.   Soc,    1901,   p.    "io*!  ;   Raiiib.,    Rec. 
Atistr.  Mus.,  iv.,  1901,  p.  7  ;   Op.  rit.,  x.,  1914,  p.  213,  tigs.  26,  27. 

Hall. — Near  Eid.svold,  Queensland. 

Ari;amiis  lii.'ACiLis,  sj).  )it)r. 
(P\.  xxii.,  tigs.  57  and  58.) 

9.  Cephalotlioiax,  85  mm.  long,  5-5  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  11'5 
mm.  long,  6-7  mm.  broad, 

Ue/plmlothorax. — Obovate,  yellow-bi'own,  pilose.  I'ars  i-ep/nilicK  ascend- 
ing, well  arched,  sides  steep,  compressed,  thoracic  groove  well  defined  ; 
nciiJiiv  urea  raised,  broader  than  long;  ch/pens  deep,  sloping  forward,  hya- 
liue,  indented  at  middle.  I'ars  fhoracicu  elongate,  arched,  uneven,  radial 
grooves  distinct  ;  tJmracic  fnrea  \evj  slightly  proeurved  ;  iiiari/i)ial  ImmJ 
pallid,  undulating,  fringed  with  a  few  tine  hairs,  and  a  few  short,  black 
bristles.  I'^i/i'--'- — Compact,  distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  front 
row  strongly  proeurved  ;  antei'ioi'  side  eyes  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  fully  twice  their  individual 
diameter;  anterior  median  eyes  small,  round,  and  sepai-ated  fi-om  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  individual  diameter ;  rear  row  dis- 
tinctly proeurved  on  the  front  line  and  strongly  recurved  at  the  rear  ; 
posterioi"  laterals  nearly  as  large  as  their  anterior  lateral  neighbours,  and 
poised  obliquely  ;  posterior  medians  minute,  widely  separated,  each 
touching  its  ontei-  neighbour  ;  each  eye  of  both  series  ringed  with  black  : 
there  is  a  dark,  smoky  patch  between,  and  well  to,  the  rear  of  anterior 
median  eyes  ;  front  laterals  quite  close  to  margin  of  clypeus  (PI.  xxii.,  fig. 
57).  Ltujfi. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  strong,  moderately  long, 
haiiy  ;  metatarsi  i.  nnd  ii.  ai-med  with  six  long,  strong  spines  underneath, 
and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  with  loni'  i-iitlier  short,  stiff  spines  near  the  claws  ;  leg 
iii.  has  the  patella,  tibia,  anil  metatarsus  stiongly  bespined  in  front  and 
laterally,  and  the  tarsus  likewise  uuderneatli  ;  patella  iv.  has  a  few  short 
spines  laterally  ;    there  are  traces  of    spiiuil   armature  i>n    tibii\    of   leg    iv.. 


AUSIKAI.IAN    lK.\r-l>(i()|;   SPliiKliS KAlNHoW   ANIi    I'lI.l.Kl  N  K.  Ill 

but  the  spines  have  been  broken'off  ;  metatarsus  and  tarsus  of  the  same  leg 
strongly  armed  ;  spines  on  metatarsus  very  long ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  of 
legs  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Falpi. — Long, 
sti'ong,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs,  armed  latei'ally  with  a  few 
long,  strong  spines,  tarsus  scopulated  ;  claw  long.  Falce^. — Long,  moder- 
ately strong,  projected  well  forward,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  sides 
and  apices  clothed  with  li)ng  hairs;  rdfifeUiiiti  spread  over  a  somewhat 
extensive  area,  the  teeth  strong  ;  upper  i-idge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx 
armed  with  four  strong  teeth,  and  the  lower  with  six  small  ones  ;  in 
addition  to  these  there  is  an  inner  row  consisting  of  three  or  four  minute 
teeth  ;  faiitj  long,  well  curved.  Muxilhe. — Yellow,  moderately*  long,  hairy, 
arched,  obtusely  pointed  at  base,  inner  angle  bearded,  and  terminating  at 
apical  extremity  in  an  obtuse  point ;  there  are  a  few  small  spines  near  the 
inner  angle  toward  postei'ior  extremity.  Lahinm. — Short,  broad,  concol- 
orous, submei'ged,  arched,  truncated,  hairy,  apex  rounded  ;  no  spines 
present.  Stern  Km. — Pyriform,  arched,  concolorous  with  foregoing,  clothed 
with  black  bristl}'  hair,  posterior  extremity  terminating  obtusely  between 
fourth  pair  of  coxse  ;  sigilJn  orange-coloured,  marginal.  Ahdnrnen. — Obo- 
vate,  hairy,  veiy  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothoiux  ;  superioi- 
surface  chocolate  brown  with  yellow  markings  ;  the  first  pair  are  seated 
well  forward,  are  nearly  I'ound,  and  widely  separated  ;  the  second  pair  are 
somewhat  larger  and  elliptical ;  the  third  are  larger  still,  but  also  ellip- 
tical ;  the  three  remaining  yellow  markings  are  broad  and  take  the  form 
of  slightly  recurved  transverse  bands  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  58)  ;  sides  chocolate 
brown  also  with  broad  yellow  markings  interrupted  with  chocolate  bi'own 
spots  ;  these  markings  are  associated  with  those  on  the  upper  surface  ; 
inferior  sui'face  ochreous  yellow,  moderately  irrorated  with  small  reddish- 
brown  and  chocolate  spots.  Spinnerets. — Superior  pair  chocolate  brown, 
hairy  ;  first  joint  longest,  the  third  shortest  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior 
spinners  concoloi-ous,  hairy,  short,  cylindrical,  and  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  individual  diameter. 

Obs. — The  type  specimen  was  collected  by  one  of  us  [R.H.P.],  and  the 
others  by  Mr.  Chas.  Danver-s  Power.  Included  among  the  latter  is  one  that 
has  newly  cast  its  skin,  and  its  predominant  colour  is  pale  green.  The  species 
displays  some  little  variation  in  the  yellow  abdominal  markings  ;  in  some 
examples  they  are  broad,  in  others  narrow.  A.  tjracilis  is  common  around 
Sydney.  It  may  be  looked  for  oi\  both  sides  of  the  harbour.  Some  years 
ago  one  of  us  [W.J.R.]  took  it  in  the  vicinity  of  Mi's.  Macquarie's  Chair 
and  on  the  site  where  the  power-house  now  stands  at  Rushcutters'  Bay. 

Hah. — Domain,  Svdnev  ;  Burwood,  Svdnev  (April,  1918),  New  South 
Wales. 

Ai;ba\iiis  FKSTivrs,  ^i>.  uoc. 

(PI.  xxii.,  fig.  59.) 

9-  Cephalothorax,  9-8  mm.  long,  7-8  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  12.8 
mm.  long,  8'8  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  reddish-brown,  arched,  moderately  pubes- 
cent.    Pars  cephah'ca  ascending,  high,  sides  compressed,  a  row  of  bristles 


11-J  BECORI>S  OF  THF  ArSTRA[,IA\  MUSEUM. 

ruiuiing  down  the  middle,  segmental  gro'ove  distinct ;  ocular  area  raised, 
broader  than  long,  black,  furnished  in  front  with  a  tuft  of  bristles  ;  chjpens 
livaline,  sloping  forward,  excavated  at  middle.  Pars  ihoracica  retreating, 
uneven,  radial  grooves  broad  and  deep  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ; 
marqin((l  bainl  broad,  undulated,  fringed  with  fine  hairs.  Uyes. — Distrib- 
uted over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row  being  procurved  and  the 
rear  recurved  ;  front  side  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  poised 
obliquely,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  fully  three  times  their  own 
individual  diameter ;  median  eyes  round,  and  separated  from  each  other 
bv  a  space  equal  to  once  their  own  individual  diameter  ;  posterior  side  eyes 
larger  than  their  anterior  lateral  neighbours,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliq- 
uely ;  rear  intermediates  smallest  of  the  grotip,  nearly  round,  widely  sep- 
arated, each  just  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  59).  Legs. 
— Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  short,  sturdy,  hairy,  but  displaying 
naked  areas,  armed  with  powerful  spines,  those  on  legs  i.  and  ii.  being  the 
strongest  and  most  numerous  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ; 
relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Short,  strong,  similar  in  colour, 
clothing  and  armature  to  legs  i.  and  ii.  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falres. — Con- 
colorous with  cephalothorax,  projected  well  foi'ward,  clothed  with  fine 
hairs  and  coarse  bristles  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furi-ow  of  each  falx  armed 
with  six  strong  teeth,  and  the  outei-  with  seven  smaller  ones  ;  in  addition 
to  these  there  is  an  intermediate  series  of  three  minute  ones  ;  fauy  nearly 
black,  shining,  strong,  well  curved.  Ma.viUa'. — Yellow,  arched,  hairy, 
excavated  round  the  lip,  furnished  with  a  cluster  of  spines  at  inner  angle  ; 
heel  well  rounded.  hahiiDit. — Concolorous,  short,  broad,  arched,  apex 
slightly  excavated  and  fringed  with  bristles  ;  a  few  bristles  disti-ibuted 
over  surface.  Stern iim. — Concolorous  also,  narrow  in  front,  broadest 
between  third  coxse,  and  terminating  obtusely  between  fourth  paii"  of  coxa*, 
arched,  clothed  with  black  bristles  ;  postei'ior  xiyiJla  large,  submarginal. 
AtnhnDeii. — Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  arched, 
hairy  ;  superior  surface  chocolate-biown  with  yellow  markings  and  trans- 
verse bars;  inferior  surface  yellow,  clothed  with  dark  broAvn  hairs.  Spin- 
nerets.— Yellow,  hairy  ;  superior  pair  stout,  tapering,  basal  joint  longer 
than  the  second  and  third  combined,  the  latter  minute  and  dome-shaped  ; 
inferior  spinners  very  short,  stout,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
space  equal  to  fully  once  their  own  individual  diameter. 

Ohs. — Several  matured  examples  collected  by  one  of  us  [H.H.P.]. 
Very  like  A.  ijraciJis  {ante  p.  110),  by  its  abdominal  ornamentation,  but 
it  may  be  easily  distinguished  therefrom  by  its  larger  size  and  bi'oader 
eye  place.  The  entrance  to  the  burrow  is  ]>rotected  by  a  thick  lid.  The 
ova-sac  is  elliptical,  composed  of  a  tliin  white  silken  tissue,  and  is  tough 
and  strong.      Ft  is  24"5  mm.  long,  and  18  mm.  Avide. 

Hatj. — Maunup,  Blackwood  River,  South  West  Australia  (December 
1».  1917.) 

ARiiANrris  siMii,Ai;is,  sp.  nov. 

(PI.  xxii.,  tig.  CO.) 

9.  Ceplialothorax,  S-7  nini.  long,  I'l  uiiii.  hroail  :  abdonu^n,  10.7 
mm.  long,  7'2  mm.  broad. 


Ai'sii.'Ai.i.w  Ti;.\r-iHiiii;  si'ihKi;-- — i;\i\i:(i\v  .\\\<  i'ri.i,i:i\K.  113 

*     I 't'jilutjollinrti.f.      OhdViitr,  vcllnw,  luddcriitcl  v  I'ldtlu'il   svitli   line  vrllow 
ilownv    liaifs.       /'>n>-    r,'jili,iHi-'i    liiD;li,  arclicd,  iisccndiiifr,  scgfiiuMital    pfrnovc 
distinct,  sligflitlv  comiiiTssi'd  at  sidi's  ;  uriilur  nn'n  broaflcr  than  loiipf,  raised, 
arcdied,  dark  l)i'o\vii  :    bi'twei'ii  and    in    I'ronf    cf   tlic    eyes    tliciv   art'   a    lew 
nioileratolv  sti'ong  bristles;   i7;//"'''s  hyaline,  nidderateiy  dee|),  sloping  for- 
ward, indented  at  middle.      I'nr^  llt<'r((rir,i  arelied,  uneven,  retreating  roai-- 
wai'ds,  radial    gi-ooves   distinct  ;    I Imriir,',-    I'm-rK   deejt,  |)i(iciirved  ;    nniriiiinil 
httiitl  pallid,  fi-inged    with    long,  line  hairs.      I'Jiics. — Distributed   over  two 
rows  of  four  each  ;    Ifimt  i-ow  [tidcurved-;   secoiul  I'ow  i-ecnrved  on  its   ivar 
line,  and  prociirved  in   t'riuit  ;    anterioi'   latiTals    slightly    hugei'   than    theii' 
rear    neiglibours    and    sej)arated    from    each    othei'    by    a    space    equal    to 
twice  their  individual  diameter,  somewliat  elliptical,  and   poised    obliquely 
on    black  rings  ;   front   medians   ratlier  sniall.  loiind,  and    separated   from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their   own    individual    diameter;    rear 
laterals  rather  smaller  than    their  anteiioi-   latei-al    neighbours,  elliptical, 
oblique,  and  poised  upon  black  rings  ;    rear  medians  smallest  of  the  group, 
nearly  round,  and  widely  separated,  eacti  just  touching  its  lateral   neigh- 
bour (PI.  xxii.,  tig.  (50).      //r;/.s'. — Concoloi'ous  with  cephalothorax,   moder- 
ately long  and  strong,  hairy,  but  disjilaying  naked  areas  ;   tibia?,  metatarsi 
and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  armed  with  stout  spines,  the  metatarsal  ones  being  much 
the  longest;   legs  iii.  and  iv.  are  also  similarly  ai-med,  but   the    spines  are 
not  so  strong  as   those   on   the    front    legs  ;    metatarsi   and    tarsi   i.  and   ii. 
scopulated  ;    i-elative    lengths:    4,    1,    2,    .').        I'liljii. —  Long,    moderately 
strong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  arniatiiie  to   legs    i.  and    ii.  ;   tarsus 
scopulated.     FaJcef. — Projecting,  shining,  yellow-l)inwn,  clothed  with  hairs 
and  long,  coarse  bi'istles,  but  displaying  large  naked  areas  ;    nisteUimi  con- 
sists of  three  transverse  rows  of  strong  teeth  ;    innei-  i-idge   of  the  fui^row 
of  each  falx  armed  with  live  strong  teeth,  and   the  outer   with    ten   small 
ones,  of  which  the  basal  four  are   decidedly   the   smallest:    in   addition    to 
these  there  is  at  the  base  an  intermediate  row  of  four  or  five  minute  teeth. 
MaxiUo'. — Yellow,   shining,   hairy,   heel    well   rounded,  no   spines   present. 
Lahium. — Rather  longer  than  broad,  yellow,  shining,  arched,  moderately 
hairy.      Sternnm. — Pyriform,  yellow,  hairy,  moderately  arched  ;   posterior 
siyiJIa  large  and  away   from    margin.     Ahdnmeu. — Ovate,    slightly   over- 
hanging base  of  cephalothorax,  aiched  ;   superior  surface  clothed  with  fine 
hairs  and  a  few  coarse  bristles,  yellow-brown,  irrorated  with  small  yellow 
spots  ;   in  addition  to  these  there  are  two   widely   sepaiated    moderately 
large  spots  near  the  front ;   towards  the  middle  there  ai-e  two  others  which 
ai-e  rather  larger  and  also  Avidely  separated  ;   beneath  these  again  there  are 
two  more,  larger  still,  and  elliptical   in   form  ;   from   thence  toward  the 
spinnerets  there  are  four  interi-upted  procurved,  transverse  yellow  bars  ; 
inferior  surface  ochi^eous  yellow,  hairy.      Sjilin/crefx. — Short,  concolorous, 
hairv  ;   first  joint  of  superior  pair  hmgest,  the   third   shortest   and    dcnne- 
shaped  ;    inferior    spinners    short,    cylindrical,    and    sepaiated    from    each 
other  bv  a  space  equal    to   that   of  oiice  ttieir   own    individual    transverse 
diameter. 

Oha. —  Superticially    very   similar   to    .1.    iiiiirili.<,   sp.    imv.,    but    easily 
distinguished  theicfi'oni  by  its  relatively  In-oailer  pii.thdia.v. 

Huh. — Kedion  Hi'ook,  Brisbane,  (,)ueensland. 


114  RECORliS  or  TIIK   ArsTIIAI.lAX    MI'SKCM. 

ArBAXITIS    ITLCHELLUS,  sp.  710V. 

(PI.  xiv.,  ii^.  11,  and  PI.  xx'u.,  figs.  61,  62.) 

9-  Cephalothorax,  11'6  mm.  long,  7  mm.  hi-oad  ;  abdomen,  14  mm. 
long,  S-8  mm.  broad  (PI.  xiv.,  fig.  11). 

Cephalothorax. — Dark  mahogany  brown,  pubescent,  somewhat  obovate. 
I'ars  cefihitlica  strongly  arched, raised, ascending,sides  declivous, compressed, 
truncated  in  front;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised,  arched,  fringed 
in  front  with  short  spines  ;  clypev><  deep,  hyaline,  indented  at  the  middle. 
Fars  thoracica  uneven,  arclied,  radial  grooves  distinct,  sides  undulating  ; 
thoracic  fovea  deep,  sti'aight ;  manjitial  hand  broad,  pallid,  fringed  witli 
black  liairs  Eyes. — Arranged  in  two  rows  of  foui'  eacli ;  anterior  row 
strongly  procurved,  rear  i-ecurved  ;  the  lateral  eyes  of  front  row  largest 
of  the  gi-oup,  somewhat  elliptical,  oblique,  and  sepai'ated  from  each  other 
by  a  space  equal  to  three  times  their  individual  diameter  ;  anterior  median 
eyes  round,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  fully  once 
their  individual  diameter  ;  rear  lateral  eyes  scarcely  as  large  as  their  an- 
terior median  neighbours  ;  rear  median  eyes  smallest  of  the  group  and 
widely  separated  from  eaeli  other  ;  each  is  close  to  but  does  not  touch  its 
lateral  neiglibours  ;  all  eyes  ringed  with  black  (PI.  xxii.,  tig.  61).  Lfij--<. — 
Strong,  modei'ately  long,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  hairy,  but  dis- 
playing naked  patches ;  each  tibia,  metatarsus  and  tarsus  bespined,  those 
on  legs  i.  and  ii.  the  longest  and  sti-ongest  ;  metatarsi  ar.d  tarsi  i.  and  ii. 
scopulated  ;  relative  lengths  :  -t,  1,  2,  ;>.  Valpi . — Long,  similar  in  colour, 
clothing  and  armature  to  leg  i.  ;  tarsus  scopulated.  Falces. — Projected 
well  forward,  dai'k  brown,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  patches  ;  outer 
margin  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  eight  sti'ong  teeth,  and  the 
inner  with  six  smaller  ones  :  between  these  there  is  an  intermediate  vow 
consisting  of  two  small  teeth  ;  rastelluui  consists  of  three  transverse  rows 
of  teeth  ;  fang  long,  well  curved,  shining,  dark  brown,  almost  black.  Mn.,- 
ilUv. — Reddish-brown,  hairy,  arched,  heel  well  lounded,  inner  angle  at 
anterior  extremity  terminating  in  an  obtuse  point,  and  ol)liquely  directed  ; 
no  spines  present.  Ijahlnni.- — Concolorous,  arched,  hairy,  anterior  angle 
curved.  Sternum. —  Pyrifoi'm,  arched,  yellow,  suffused  at  sides  with 
brown  :  clothed  w^ith  short  black  bristly  haii's,  posterioi'  extremity  term- 
inating ol)tiisely  between  fourth  pair  of  coxjv  ;  >•/;////((  mai'ginal.  AhJnnten. 
— Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax  ;  superior  surface 
(lark  bi'own,  marked  down  the  middle  with  a  narrow  somewhat  interi  uptcd 
yellow  line,  on  either  side  of  wliicli  ai-e  vcllow  spots  and  nuvrkings,  the 
latter  liaving  the  a])j)eai  aiice  of  broken  transverse  bands;  sides  daik 
brown  also,  with  biniken  yellow  nnirkings  :  inferior  surface  hairy,  yellow, 
marked  laterally  with  dark  brown  spots  fPI.  x.\ii..  lig.  (!2).  Si>'nnicrets. — 
Yellow,  liaiiy:  supei'ior  s|iinnei  s  lia  ve  tlic  lii'st  joint  niucli  tlie  longest, 
and  the  apical,  which  is  donn.'d,  is  shortei'  than  the  second  :  inferior  spin- 
ners vei-y  short,  and  separated  from  each  otlu'r  by  a  space  equal  to  oiu-e 
t  hcii'  individual  diamrtcr. 

II ah. — TaiMbourinc  .Mountain,  (^)uc('nsland. 


AisTi.'Ai.i AN  ii.Ar-i i;  >iihKi;- — i;aim;i>\\   .\\m  ri  m.i;im:.  1  1  ."> 

Ai;i;aniii>  Ki-h;i;AN>.  x/*.  imc. 

(I'l.  x.xii.,  fig.  Cu\.) 

$.      C'i'])lialut  lioijix,  i'l  111111.  Itinc,  7'  I  iiiiii.  I)i(i;ul  ;  iiiidoiiu'ii,  l0'5  miii. 
long,  1>"-1'  nnu.  bi'ond. 

'  'rii/udothorn.r.—  ()lji)\iil  i',  \  I'llnw-lu  own,  nitlicr  wrll  l'IoI  IumI  w  it  Ii  long. 
Hue  vfllowisli  liaii'S.  I'drx  rt'j^iludicti  arclied,  li  igli,  ascending,  segiiieiital 
groove  well  delined  ;  lu-uliir  itrea  broader  than  long,  raised,  arched,  dark 
brown  ;  chjjieas  sloping  I'oi-ward,  hyaline,  tinged  with  yellowish-brown  at 
the  middle,  -where  it  is  slightly  excavated.  /'ro>-  llinriicicii  moderately 
bi'oad,  radial  grooves  distinct ;  t/nn-acic  fovea  moderately  deep,  straight  ; 
luanjliKtl  liiiiid  ])allid,  fringed  w^itli  long,  fine,  yellowish  haii'S.  Eyes. — 
Distributed  over  two  rows  of  Four  each  ;  front  row  well  procarved,  the 
rear  recurved  on  its  front  line  and  reeiii  ved  behind  ;  eyes  of  front  row  of 
nearly  equal  size  ;  front  laterals  sliglitly  the  largest,  somewhat  elliptical, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  fully  two-and-a-half 
times  their  individual  diameter,  and  the  medians,  Avhich  aie  round,  from 
each  other  by  about  three-quarters  of  a  diameter  ;  rear  lateral  eyes  smaller 
than  those  of  the  front  row,  somewhat  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ; 
rear  median  eyes  minute  and  widely  separated  from  each  other ;  each  is 
close  to  but  does  not  touch  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  68).  Let/x. 
— Moderately  long  and  moderately  strong,  yellow- brown  ;  the  two  front 
pairs  have  dark  brown  patches  on  the  outer  angles  of  their  patellae  and 
tibia' ;  each  ambulatoiy  limb  densely  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ; 
all  are  well  armed  Avith  long  black  spines,  those  on  leg  iv.  being  the  weak- 
est ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  i-elative  lengths:  -i,  1,  2,  H. 
Faljii. — Long,  moderately  strong,  yelloAv-brown,  densely  hairy,  and  armed 
Avith  long,  strong  spines ;  tarsus  scopulated.  Falces. — Projected,  dark 
brown,  densely  clothed  with  short  hairs  and  long  coarse  bristles,  and  dis- 
playing no  naked  areas  ;  inner  angle  of  the  furrov/  of  each  falx  aimed  with 
six  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer  with  seven  or  eight  very  small  ones;  ras- 
teUiiiit  consists  of  two  transverse  row^s  of  long,  strong  teeth  ;  fainj  long, 
black,  shining,  moderately  Avell  curved.  Md.i-ilhv. — Reddish-brown,  densely 
hairy,  arched,  heel  obtusel}^  pointed,  a  few  small  scattered  spines  at  base 
of  inner  angle,  wdiich  latter  has  a  beard  of  long  yellow  and  red  hairs. 
Labinni. — Concolorous,  longer  than  broad,  hairy,  arched,  submerged  and 
furnished  with  a  few  short  spines.  Stennnn. — Rather  broad,  pyriform, 
arched,  clothed  Avith  yellowish  hairs  and  loiig  black  bristles  and  termin- 
ating obtu.sely  between  foui-th  pair  of  coxa? ;  snjilht  marginal.  Abdomen. 
— Obovate,  slightly  oA^erhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  arched,  moderately 
clothed  with  short  yellowish  hairs  and  rather  long,  black  bristles  ;  super- 
ior surface  and  sides  yellow,  maculated  with  chocolate  brown,  some  of  the 
maculations  being  so  grouped  and  disjiosed  as  to  form  gently  recurved  but 
interrupted  transverse  bais  ;  interior  surface  golden  yelknv,  spotted  with 
chocolate  brown,  hairy  ;  the  ehitonons  plate  immediately'above  riiiKt  epiijas- 
tris  bright  red  in  front.  Sjiiinieretif. — Golden  yellow,  hairy,  basal  joint  of 
inferior  pair  twice  asloug  as  that  of  the  second  ;  third  much  the  shortest 
and    dome-sliaped  ;    inferior  pair  minute,  close  together. 

//((/'. — -Kaianga,  Narooma,  New  South  Wales.     . 


116  RECORDS  01'  THK   AUSTKAI,!  A  N    MrSFl'M. 

Ai;i:.\MTi>    iiii;srTi>,   ^p.    »«-(•. 
fPl.  xxii..  Hg.  (U.) 

9-  Ce|)lialtitlioi';i.\,  S-H  mm.  loiio-,  7'1  miii.  hfuad  :  alKlomt'ii.  7''2 
mm.  long,  5  mm.  bi-oad. 

L'l'iih'ih'tliorn.i'. — Obovatf,  I't'dilisli-brdwii,  modt'i'att'ly  liairv.  /'('/■.-■ 
cephiirnui  strongly  aT'clied,  asoemling,  somewhat  compi-essed  lateially. 
tlioi'acic  gi'oove  distinct  ;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised,  arched, 
furnished  in  fi'ont  between  anterior  eyes  with  a  tew  black  bristles  :  <■! iipva.'^ 
hyaline,  sloping  forward,  gently  undulating.  Pars  tlwracica  moderately 
broad,  arclied,  retreating  towards  posterior  angle,  radial  grooves  broad, 
distinct  ;  fhorucic  foreit  deep,  straight  ;  marginal  band  modeiately  broad, 
fringed  with  long  hairs.  l<Jiie.<. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  fo^^r  each  ; 
front  row  strongly  procui-ved  ;  the  I'ear  recurved  behind,  and  procurved 
in  fi'ont  ;  anterior  and  posterior  side  eyes  lai'gest,  of  equal  size,  elliptical, 
poised  obliquely,  and  mounted  on  black  rings  ;  front  latei-al  eyes  very 
nearly  touching  edge  of  clypeus  and  separated  froni  each  otliei'  by  a  s))ace 
equal  to  fully  twice  their  individual  diameter ;  anterior  median  eyes 
smaller  than  their  lateral  neighbours,  round,  ringed  with  black,  and 
separated  from  each  otliei-  by  a  space  equal  to  not  more  than  one-half 
their  own  individual  diameter;  i-ear  median  eyes  smallest  of  the  group, 
widely  removed  from  each  other,  each  just  touching  the  ring  of  its  lateral 
neighbour  (PI.  xxii.,  tig.  64).  Legs. — Coneohn-ous  with  cephalothorax, 
clothed  with  coarse  hairs  and  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  tibiiv 
and  metatarsi  armed  with  long,  strong,  black  spines  ;  on  tai'sus  iii.  there 
are  six  short  spines;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative 
lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  '.).  I'lilfii. —  l^oiig,  strong,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing 
to  legs;  tibia  aimed  with  ten  long,  strong,  black  spines,  and  taisus  with 
tw(M  the  latter  joint  scopulated.  VaJrvs. — Concolorous  with  ce])halothorax 
projecting,  clothed  with  coarse  hairs  and  bristles,  but  displaying  naked 
areas  :  innei-  angle  of  the  fui'row  of  each  falx  armed  with  nine  sti'ong 
teeth,  and  the  outei'  with  seven  small  ones  ;  rastcllmn  consists  of  a  couple 
of  transvei'se  rows  of  rathei"  small  teeth  ;  fang  long,  shining,  well  curved, 
dai-k  brown.  J/'f.c///^''.— Reddish-brown,  moderately  arched,  hairy,  heel 
well  I'ounded,  at  the  inner  basal  angle  there  is  a  cluster  of  snnill  spines. 
/>"////'///.  — -C'oncoloidus,  hmgiT  than  hinad,  arched,  hairv.  apex  slightly 
excavated;  no  spines  ])iesi'nt.  S/rnnnn. — Concoloious  with  labium, 
pyriloi-m.  elongate,  niodei-ately  arched,  hairy  ;  siglIJa  small,  mai'ginal. 
AInlann-n.-  Obovate,  slightly  ovei'lianging  base  of  cephalothoi-ax,  chocolate 
brown,  arched,  densely  hairy.  S/iinni'ri-ls. — Yellow,  hairy,  tiist  joint  of 
superioi-  pair  longest,  the  third  shortest  ;  inferior  spinnei's  cylindrical, 
vei-y  slmrt,  and  se]»ar!ited  from  each  other  by  a  s})ace  equal  to  mit  more 
than  that  of  once  their  individual  tiansverse  diameter. 

( )li^.  l'i(il)al)l\-  a  not  lulh  gi-own  example  :  nevt'rtheless  it  is  a  vi'ry 
distinct   t'orni. 

Ilal). —  Kedron    iirddk.   Biisbani'.  (^)iU'('nsland. 

Al.'HAMIIS    .MoNIAXrs,  .v^i.   )/()(•. 

(PI.  xxii.,  tigs.  ()5,  ()6,  67  and  (^><.) 
(J.      C'ephali)t  lidiax,  f!S  nnn.  lung,  5.")  nun.  iii'dad  :    abihunen,  (i'7  mm. 
long,  :i-b   mm.  broad. 


Ai --ri;  Ai.iAN   I  i.'Ar-'ixKii;  si'iiii:i;s — i.'aim'.uw   A\it  ri  ilkink.  117 

( 'I'lilmlotltoru.f. — Ubovatc,  yt-'lluw-bruwii,  inodurjiLrl  v  clothud  with  lint' 
yi'llow  liiiii's.  I*ars  <'ei>li((lici(  arched,  ascending,  segmental  groove  distinct ; 
ii'-iilar  (f/t'((  broader  tlian  long,  arclied,  black,  Fringed  in  front  with  black 
bristles  ;  clijiiciis  hyaline,  deep,  sloping  t\)rwar(l,  deeply  indented  fit  middle. 
I'itrs  f/inrarirn  arched,  moderately  bi'oad,  uneven,  i-etreating  rearwards, 
i"adial  grooV('s  distinct  ;  tlntnicic  I'lfftui  deep,  very  slightly  recurved  ;  inar- 
ijimil  Inniil  undulated,  pallid,  fringed  witli  I'ather  coarse  hairs.  I'lijes. — 
Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  eacli  ;  fiont  row  strongly  procurved. 
the  rear  procurved  in  front  and  recurved  behind  ;  anterior  laterals  slightly 
larger  than  front  medians  and  lai'gest  ot"  the  group,  elliptical,  nn)unted  oji 
black  rings,  poised  obliquely,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space 
equal  to  twice  their  indiA'idual  diameter;  anteiior  medians  round,  quite 
close  together,  ringed  with  black,  rear  laterals  smallei-  than  their  anteriiu' 
neighl)(mrs,  elliptical,  ringed  with  black,  ami  poised  obliquelv;  ivai-  med- 
ians minute,  widely  separated,  each  t(.)uching  its  latei-al  neiglibour  (PI. 
x.xii.,  fig.  65).  Fdlce"-. — Projected,  modei-ately  strong,  concolorous  with 
cephalothorax,  clothed  with  short  hairs  and  long  stift'  bristles,  but  dis- 
playing naked  areas  ;  inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with 
six  sti'oug  teeth  and  the  outer  Avith  several  mi)iute  ones.  Le'j>f. — l^ong, 
concolorous  with  cephalothoi'ax,  tapering,  hairy,  but  showing  naked  areas; 
tibia  i.  furnished  Avith  an  apophysis  (PI.  xxii.,  tig.  (j(>)  ;  each  tibia  and 
metatarsus  bespined  :  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  tai-si  iii.  and 
iv.  are  also  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths  :  1-4,2,8.  I'nJpi. — Rather  short, 
similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs  ;  tibia  inflated,  and  furnished  with  a 
spined  ajDophysis  ;  tarsal  joint  small,  and  furnished  at  apex  with  a  series  of 
short  spines  ;  bulb  bilobed,  shining,  pyriform,  and  terminating  in  a 
long,  tine  style  ;  lobes  mahogany  brown  ;  space  between  the  latter 
yellow  (PI.  xxii.,  tig.  67).  MaxiUre. — Arched,  clay  yelloAv,  hairy,  heel 
w^ell  rounded  at  base,  inner  angle  fringed  with  an  orange-yellow  beai'd, 
the  apex  terminating  in  an  obtuse  point  ;  no  spines  present.  Lnhniiii. — 
Concolorous,  moderately  hairy,  arched,  bi'oader  than  long.  Stent nm. — 
Pyriform,  concolorous  also,  moderately  arched,  hairy  ;  .^lyilla  marginal. 
Ahdoniea. — Ovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  arched, 
hahy,  superior  surface  yellow  with  dark  brown  markings  and  slighth- 
recurved  transverse  bars  ;  sides  and  inferior  surface  yellow,  hairy.  Spin- 
nerets.— Concolorous,  hairy,  normal  ;  inferior  paii'  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  individual  transverse  diameter. 

9-  Cephah)thorax,  10"2  mm.  long,  7'2  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  I'Ai 
mm.   long,  82  mm.  broad. 

('('Iihahithora.r. — OboA^ate,  yellow-brown,  moderately  clothed  Avith 
tine  yellow  hairs,  uneA^en.  Fars  cephuUca  ascending,  arched,  segmental 
groove  distinct ;  ocular  uren  broader  than  long,  raised,  arched,  fringed  in 
front  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles;  clii/ieic  pallid,  tinged  with  yellowish 
at  the  middle,  deep,  sloping  forAvard,  moderately  excavated  at  the  middle, 
and  furnished  in  front  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles.  Pars  tlioracicn  arched, 
radial  grooves  broad,  distinct ;  thuracic  /oven  deep,  straight ;  nianjiiud  hanil 
undulated,  rather  pallid,  fringed  with  long,  fine  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed 
over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  front  row  strongly  procurved,  the  rear 
slightly  procurA'ed  in  front  and  distinctly  recurA'ed  l)eliind  ;  anteiior  later- 
als largest  of  the  group,  very  slightly  elliptical,  ringed  with    black,  poised 


lis  KKCORliS  OK  THE  AfSlKAM AN    MISEIM. 

obliquely,  and  separated  tioui  eacli  other  by  a  space  equal  to  fully  tliree 
times  their  individual  diameter;  anterior  medians  sliglitly  smaller,  round, 
ringed  with  black,  poised  obliquely,  and  separated  fi"om  eacli  other  by  a 
space  equal  to  that  of  once  their  own  individual  diametei- ;  rear  laterals 
slightly  smaller  than  their  anterior  lateral  neighbours  ;  they  are  also 
ringed  with  black,  are  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely;  ])osterior 'medians 
minute,  I'onud,  and  widely  separated,  each  one  just  touching  its  lateial 
neighbour  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  (nSj.  Leijs. — Rather  shoit,  sturily.  concolorous 
Avith  cephalothorax,  densely  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas:  cmcIi  ani- 
bnlatory  limb  armed  with  a  few  strong  spines:  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and 
ii.  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths:  -1,  1,  "2,  3.  I'ulpj. — Long,  strong,  siniihu- 
in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  leg  i.,  taisus  scopulated.  Falce.-!. — 
Projected  forward,  moderately  strong,  darker  in  colour  than  cephalothoi-ax, 
clotlied  with  short  hairs  and  long,  coarse  bristles  ;  inner  margin  of  the 
furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  eight  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer 
with  a  row  of  five  sinall  teeth  ;  rastelhiiii  coiisists  of  three  transverse  rows 
of  leather  strong  teeth  ;  ftdKj  long,  uearl}'  black,  well  curved.  Maxillie. — 
Dark  reddish-brown,  arched,  hairy,  lieel  well  rounded,  inner  angle  fringed 
with,  a  beard  of  reddish  hairs,  and  terminating  at  apex  in  an  obtuse  point ; 
a  few  small  scattered  spines  at  base.  Lahinm. — Concolorous,  well  arched, 
longer  than  broad,  hairy,  devoid  of  spines,  apex  excavated.  Stern nin. — 
Concolorous  also,  pyriform,  arched,  haiiy,  terminating  obtusely  between 
fonrth  pair  of  coxi«  ;  aiyilla  small,  first  two  paii'S  marginal,  posterior  ]iair 
submarginal.  Abdorne}!. — Obovate,  sliglitly  overhanging  base  of  cephalo- 
thorax. haii'v  ;  superior  surface  and  sides  yellow,  irrorated  with  choci)late 
brown  ;   inferioi'  surface  yellow,  hairy.      Spinnerets. — As  in  the  male. 

(JJis.—Ouii  adult  male,  and  several  fenniles  in  various  stages  of  devel- 
o])ment  wei-e  collected.  In  none  of  the  latter  is  there  any  distiiu-t  design, 
although  in  some  of  the  younger  forms  there  are  traces  of  chocolate 
iirown  transverse  bars. 

Jlifh. — Jenolau  Caves,  New  8outh  Wales. 

Ai;i!A.\i  ii>    i'Arii.i,iosi-s,  .s'y».  nor. 
(PI.  xxii..  Hg.  ()il.) 

9-  Cephalothoi-ax,  lO'J  nun.  long,  71  mm.  broad:  abdomen,  1"J"4- 
mm.  long,  !>"')  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  pilose.  iVov?  cephaUrn  raised,  will  aic-hed, 
ascending,  compressed  laterally,  thoracic  groove  well  defined  :  nrnlar  oreo 
broadei-  than  long,  fringed  in  front  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  black  bristles; 
anterior  lateral  eyes  close  to  edge  of  clypeus  :  cIiijivks  hyaline,  nuHlerately 
deep,  sloping  gently  forward,  ur.dulated.  Port!  thorarini  uneven.  nn)derate- 
ly  aiched,  ladial  grooves  distinct  ;  at  rear  of  thoracic  fovea  there  are  two 
depressions  or  pits  ;  t/iararir  fovea  modei'ately  deeji,  straight  :  nniryinal 
Iniiid  moderately  broad,  undulating,  yellowish,  fringed  with  tine  hairs. 
Eyes. — Disti'ibuted  over  two  rows  of  four  each  :  nnterioi-  rt»w  strongly 
proenrved  ;  rear  I'ow  pi-ocnrved  in  front,  I'fcnrved  ix-hind  :  anterior  and 
posterioi'  latei-al  eyes  of  nearly  equal  si/i',  the  hitter  i)eing  slightly  the 
smallest,  elliptical,  ringed  with  black,  and   poised  ol)liquely  ;    front  lateial 


ArsTiiAi.i  \\  Ti;  vr-inMii;  srihi:i;.-      L'Aixr.nw  avu  rri.i.KiXK.  Hit 

eyes  separated  I'l'din  eacli  dtlicr  bv  :i  space  equal  to  (liat  of  four  times 
tlieir  iiulividual  dianu'tei'  ;  aiitei-ior  medians  largest  of  tlie  g'ronp,  round, 
and  one-tialf  tlieii- individual  dianietei- aj)ai't  :  i-ear  medians  I'ound,  T^mallest 
of  tlie  group,  widely  separated,  eacli  toueliing;  i(s  latei-al  neiglihoui-  (PI. 
xxii.,  Hg.  (i!>).  Lci/.t.  —  liatlier  long,  moderaU'ly  sti-ong,  tapering,  elotlied 
witli  short,  stiiT,  black  luvirs,  but  displaying  naked  patches;  tibia,  meta- 
tarsus and  taisus  of  each  leg  armed  with  moderately  long,  black  spines  ; 
metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths:  4,  1,  "2,  :>. 
Piiljii. — Ijong,  nuxlerately  sti'ong,  similar  in  coloui-  and  armature  to  legs  ; 
tarsi  scopulated.  I''i(lct'.i. —  Katlier  short,  moderately  projecting,  dark 
nnihogany  brown,  thickly  clotluMl  with  short  Invirs  and  stilT  black  bristles, 
l)ut  displaying  naked  patches  ;  innei-  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx 
armed  with  a  row  of  seven  strong  teeth  ;  outer  angle  armed  with  a  row 
of  nine  small  teeth,  of  which  the  three  at  the  base  ai-e  decidedly  the 
smallest  ;  between  the  two  ridges  thei'e  is  au  intermediate  row  consisting 
of  three  minute  teeth  ;  nisteJIvni  rathei-  weak  ;  fdinj  well  curved,  daik 
reddish-brown.  Ma.i'llhi'. — Yellow,  haiiy,  obtusely  pointed  at  base,  and 
again  at  apex  of  inner  angle ;  there  is  a  snmll  cluster  of  spines  at 
base  of  inner  angle.  Ijiihiion. — Concolorous,  i-ather  longer  than  broad, 
arclied,  apex  very  slightly  excavated,  moderately  clothed  with  stifT  black 
bristles.  Stp.nivhi. — IVriform,  arched,  yellow,  clothed  with  long  black 
bristles,  and  terminating  obtusely  between  fcmrtli  pair  of  coxf¥>;  i<i(jiJlii  small, 
marginal.  Ahdomeu. — Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  ceplial- 
othorax  ;  superior  surface  chocolate-brown,  closely  and  thickly  studded 
with  small  yellow  papilhe,  at  the  summit  of  each  of  whicli  there  is  a 
small,  black  bristle;  towards  the  middle  tliei-e  is  a  small,  pale  yellow 
patch,  which  latter  has  but  few  papilhv  ;  below  this  there  are  two  short, 
but  widely  separated,  curA^ed,  transverse  yellow  bars  ;  below  the  lattei* 
there  are  two  larger  ones,  and  below  these  again  two  others,  between 
which  there  is  a  moderately  large,  irregular  spot  ;  sides  and  inferior 
surface  yellow- brown,  hairy.  SpiunereU. — Yellow,  hairy,  basal  joint 
smallest,  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  minute,  once  their  individual 
diameter  apart  ;  apices  obliquely  truncated. 

Ohs. — This  may  hereafter  form  the  type  of  a  new  genus,  from  tlie 
fact  that  the  anterior  median  eyes  are  the  largest  of  their  group,  the 
falces  being  only  slightly  projected,  and  the  inferior  spinnerets  obliquelv 
truncated.     For  the  present,  however,  it  is  included  in  the  genus  ArhKuiti". 

I  Tall. — Tambourine  Mountain,  Queensland. 

.A  IMIAXII'JS     IXllK'XA'ITS,    Hji.    iKir. 

(PI.  xxii.,  Hg.  7(1.) 

9.  Cephalotliorax  I*  mm.  long,  (iS  mm.  hi-oad  :  abdomen  1<>'4  mm. 
long,  6-S  mm.  broad. 

( 'fphnlotJidiKx. — Obovate,  uneven,  reddisli-biown  with  j)ale  yellowisli 
patches,  pubescent.  ]'in:<  ri^ii/nilii-d  raised,  well  ai'ched,  ascending,  thoracic 
groove  distinct,  sides  compi-essed,  fringed  with  stout  black  bristles  iji 
front  of  eyes  ;  ()"vlar  lo-fn  broader  than  long  ;  cJi/pet<s  hyaline,  sloping 
foi  wai'd.  modeiatelv  deep,  slightlv  indented  at  the  middle.     ]'i(i;<  thnrnricK 


120  RECORKS  OF  THE  ATSTRAtJAX   MI'SKI'M. 

moderately  liroad,  iirelied,  radial  grooves  distinct;  thoraric  fovea  deep, 
very  slightly  procurved  ;  iiiinujinul  hainl  moderately  broad,  hyaline,  fringed 
with  rafher  long  black  hairs.  7i^ //*'>•. — Arranged  in  two  rows  of  fonr  each  ; 
anterioi"  row  strongly  ])rocurved  ;  posterior  row  recurved  on  its  rear  line 
and  proenrvt'd  in  fi-ont  ;  anterioi-  and  rear  laterals  elliptical,  oblique,  and 
of  nearly  equal  size,  the  latter  being  slightly  the  larger;  anterior  latei'als 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  two-and-a-half  times 
their  individual  diameter;  anterior  medians,  one-half  their  individual 
diameter  apart,  round,  large  ;  rear  medians  small,  widely  separated,  each 
one  touching  the  black  ring  of  its  lateral  neighbour;  all  eyes  ringed  with 
black  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  70).  /-e;/.N'. — Reddish-brown,  sturdy,  moderately  long, 
densely  clothed  with  long  black  bristles  and  tine  liairs,  but  displaving 
naked  patches  ;  tibia%  metatarsi,  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  armed  with  long  and 
powerful  spines  ;  those  on  tibia%  metatarsi  and  tarsi  iii.  and  iv,  much  less 
stronger  than  the  Foi-egoing  ;  this  is  most  mai'ked  in  respect  of  leg  iv.  : 
claws  long  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  o.  L'nJpi. —  Long,  sturdy,  similar 
in  colour,  clothing  and  armatux^e  to  leg  i.  Fidcen. — Moderately  projecting, 
concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  densely  clothed  with  long,  coarse  hairs 
or  bi'istles,  but  displaying  naked  ai*eas  ;  rKxtellnhi  consists  of  three  trans- 
verse rows  of  strong  teeth  ;  inner  I'idge  of  each  falx  armed  with  eight 
strong  teeth  and  the  t)uter  with  ten  smaller  ones;  between  these  i-idges 
there  is  an  intermediate  row  consisting  of  foui"  minute  teeth  ;  fumi  long, 
well  curved,  nearly  black.  Mnyilhv. — Reddish-yellow,  arched,  densely 
hairy,  base  obtusely  acuminate;  apex  of  innei-  angle  temniuating  in  a 
somewhat  acuminate  point  ;  a  Few  small  spines  present  near  the  base. 
Ijuhiinii. — Concolorous,  arched,  normal,  hairy  and  furnished  with  a  few 
small  spines  near  the  apex.  tSfi'nnnn. — CJoncolorous  also,  somewhat  pyri- 
form,  clothed  with  long  black  bristles  and  hairs,  and  terminating  obtusely 
between  fourth  j)air  of  coxio  ;  slijiJI,(  maiginal.  Alnlnmen. — Obovate, 
slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothoi-ax,  hairy,  arched  ;  superior 
surface  chocolate-brown,  irrorated  with  dull  yellowish  spots  ;  sides  and 
inferior  surface  much  lighter  in  colour.  Sphiiieret^. — Yellow,  haij'v,  short, 
normal,  inferior  paii-  A'ery  short,  and  rather  less  than  once  their  individual 
diameter  apait. 

Hah. — Kids  void,  Queensland. 

Upnii.t   'ranihoui  iniana,  -/<'//.  imr. 

i  'pp}it(li>fli(ir<(.i\ — Obovate.  I'los  i-pjilialica  high  (though  not  su  much 
as  in  Misfnilena,  Walck.),  ascending;  oriilar  area  much  bi-oader  than  long. 
I'ars  tlioraclfa  widest  at  middle,  retreating  to  posteri(U'  angle  ;  Ihoi-an'r 
fovea  very  deep  and  sti-ongly  procurved.  Kjies. — Compactly  grctuped, 
distributed  over  two  lows  of  four  each;  front  low  well  proem ved,  the 
real-  I'ecnrved  bi'hind,  procurved  in  fi-ont.  l.nhlimi. — Fi-ee,  longer  than 
broad,  widest  at  base,  a])e.\  slightly  indented.  Stcniiiui. — Pyriform, 
l)i'oad  ;  fiijilhi  well  mai'ked,  the  lirst  and  second  ])airs  marginal,  the  thiid 
well  away  I'ldin  the  inaigin.  Fuliw^.--  Holli  ridges  of  each  i'alx  ar)ned 
with  teeth.      S/iiuui'irts. — As  in  A  rlninih'.--.   L.    Koch. 


.\I'ST1;.M.1AN    I  l;\l'-h(Mi|;   sniiKi;>  —  I.WINI'.nW    ANIi    I'll. I. KINK.  1_  I 

'rAMi;()li;lNIAN.\     VAKIAUIMS,    sj).   imr. 

(PI.  ,viv..  Hit.  1-J  :    IM.  .x.xii.,  li--.  71.) 

9.  Cephal(>tliorM.\,  155  mm.  long-,  125  mm.  hioiul  ;  abdomen.  17S 
mm.  long,  ir.S  mm.  bi-oad  (PI.  .\iv.,  fig.  12). 

l'ep}u(lit{lior<i.i\ — Obcivate,  reddisli-biowii,  .sliiuing,  iiiieveii,  sparingly 
clothed  with  U)ng,  fine,  yeUowi.sli  hairs.  ['ui:<  c.eiiliaUca  high,  arched, 
ascending,  sliglitly  depressed  behind  ocular  tubercle,  sides  steep,  com- 
pressed, segmental  groove  profound  ;  i>cnJiir  urea  broader  than  long, 
raised,  arched,  fringed  in  Front  with  a  cluster  of  stout  bristles  ;  rhjitcns 
hyaline,  deep,  sloping  Forward,  undulated.  I'nr^  flinrnririi  broad,  arched, 
sharply  retreating  rearwai'ds,  {)osterior  angle  nai-row,  radial  grooves 
distinct,  lateral  and  posterior  angles  refle.ved  ;  fhornric  fovea  profound, 
deep,  well  procurved  ;  iintrr/hud  hund  moderately  broad,  yellow,  fi'inged 
with  long,  black  bristles.  Eijex. — Compactly  grouped,  disti-ibnted  over 
two  rows  oF  four  each.  Front  row  strongly  procurved,  I'ear  row  [)rocnived 
in  front,  i-ecurved  behind  ;  anterioi'  laterals  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical, 
obliquely  poised,  ringed  with  black,  close  to  edge  of  clypeus,  and  separated 
From  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  thiee  times  their  individual 
diameter;  median  eyes  round,  each  separated  Fi'om  its  anterior  lateial 
neighbour  by  a  s[)ace  equal  to  about  once  its  own  individual  diameter,  and 
again  From  each  other  by  about  the  same  distance  ;  rear  laterals  elliptical, 
distinctly  smaller  than  their  anterior  neighbouis,  obliquely  poised,  ringed 
with  black;  lear  medians  round,  smallest  of  the  group,  widely  separated, 
each  very  close  to  but  not  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  71). 
Legs. — Moderately  long,  very  stiong,  reddish-brown,  well  clothed  with 
hairs  and  long  coarse  bi-istles,  but  dis[>laj'ing  naked  areas  ;  tibiae,  metatarsi 
and  tarsi  i.,  ii.,  and  iii.  armed  with  short,  strong  black  spines;  tibia  iv. 
has  five  very  weak  spines  ;  metatarsus  and  tarsus  iv.  are  armed  with 
short  strong  black  spines  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ; 
relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Long,  very  strong,  similar  in  colour 
and  clothing  to  legs  ;  tibia  and  tarsus  armed  with  short  powerful  spines  ; 
tai'sus  scopulated.  Falces. — Projected  forward,  concolorous  with  cephalo- 
thorax,  Avell  clothed  with  shoi-t  black  hairs  and  stiff  bristles,  but 
displaying  naked  areas;  inner  angle  oF  the  furrow  of  each  falx  arjned 
with  eight  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer  with  ten  small  ones;  in  addition 
to  these  there  is  between  these  two  rows  an  intei'mediate  series  of  ten 
minute  teeth;  raatellam  consists  of  a  large  number  of  strong  teeth 
distributed  over  an  extensive  area  ;  fang  long,  shining,  black.  'Sla.i'iUce. — 
Reddish-brown,  arched,  well  clothed  with  long  coarse  hairs,  basal  angle 
well  excavated,  tei-minating  in  an  obtusely  pointed  heel,  and  furnished 
at  its  upper  area  with  a  rather  dense  cluster  of  spines;  inner  angle 
Fi'inged  with  a  reddish  beard,  and  terminating  obtusely  at  apex.  Lahiion. — 
Free,  concolorous,  shining,  aiched,  longer  than  broad,  narrowei'  at  apex, 
which  is  gently  indented,  moderately  clothed  with  bristles  and  Fui'nished 
with  a  few  small  spines.  Stennim. — Broadly  pyiiform,  moderately 
arched,  concolorous  with  labium,  sparingly  hairy,  terminating  obtusely 
between  fourth  pair  of  coxte ;  xigilla  lai'ge,  the  fii-st  and  second  pairs 
marginal,  and  the  third  seated  well  away  from  margin.  Abdomen. — 
Obovate,    slightly    overhanging    base    oF    cephalothorax,     arched,     hairy, 


122  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN   MUSEUM. 

yellow  brown.  Spinnerets. — Short,  sturdy,  dull  yellow,  hairy;  first  joint 
of  superior  pair  as  long  as  the  second  and  third  joints  combined  ;  third 
joint  very  small,  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  minute,  and  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  individual  diameter. 

Huh. — Tambourine  Mountain,  and  Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

Tambouriniana  variabilis,  /•((/•.  FLAVOMACOLATA,  var.  nor. 

9.  Cephalothorax,  14'^  mm.  long,  11-2  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  16"4 
long,  14!*8  mm.  broad. 

The  example  selected  for  the  type  of  this  variety  agrees  in  every 
particular  except  size  and  abdominal  ornamentation  witli  the  typical  form. 
The  abdomen  is  obovate,  well  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephal- 
othorax, hairy,  chocolate-brown,  relieved  on  the  superior  surface  by  a 
series  of  eight  large  3'elloAv  patches,  arranged  in  pairs  below  the  last  of 
which  there  are  two  transverse  bars  near  the  spinnerets  ;  in  addition  to 
these,  numerous  yellow  spots  are  present.  In  fact,  the  yellow  markings 
are  so  prominent  and  distinctive  that  a  varietal  denomination  appears 
necessary,  and  so  it  is  named  as  above. 

Oh?. — Several  specimens,  all  females,  in  various  stages  of  development 
were  obtained.  The  subspecies,  fluvomacuJata,  shows  considerable  vari- 
ation both  in  abdominal  ornamentation  and  size. 

Hah. — Tambourine  Mountain,  Kedron  Brook,  Brisbane  and  Eidsvold, 
Queensland. 

Gennx   Albaniana,  ijen.  nor. 

CepJialothorax. — Obovate.  Fars  eephaJica  raised,  though  not  so  much 
as  in  Ta»ihonriuiana,  gen.  7iov.,  arched,  ascending,  ocular  area  broader  than 
long,  raised.  Pars  thoracica  broad,  retreating  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  pro- 
curved.  Eije>i. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  the  two  rows 
close  together  ;  anterior  row  procurved,  rear  row  recurved.  Falces. — Both 
I'idges  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  teeth.  Lahiiim. — Broader 
than  long,  free.  Sternum. — Pyiiform,  broad  ;  first  and  second  pairs  of 
sigilla  marginal,  the  third  away  from  margin.  Ahdonien. — Ovate.  Spiu- 
iteretx. — Short,  but  longer  than  in  Arhtuiitis  and  Tamhoiiriiiiiiuu  \  supei'im' 
pair  extending  beyond  tip  of  abdomen. 

Al.l'.AMANA    INol.'NA'rA,   Sp.    )tOr. 

(PI.  .xxii.,  fig.  72.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  102  inm.  long,  8"S  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  18"4 
mm.  long,  10  mm.  broad. 

C'eiiha]ot}inr((,c. — Obovate,  uneven,  yellow-brown,  moderately  clothed 
with  fine  3'eIlowi8h  hairs.  Piirn  ccphaliru  raised,  ascending,  arched, 
slightly  depressed  at  rear  of  oculai-  tubercle,  compressed  laterally,  seg- 
mental groove  distinct  ;  ocular  area  broadei'  than  long,  raised,  arclied, 
black,  and  fiiiiiished  in  front  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  black  bristles;  ch/pev!' 
hyaline,  sloping  forward,  deep,  indented  at  middle.  Par.i  tlmriirica  broad, 
ai'ched,  retreating  gently  towards  f)osterioi-  angle,  raiiial  grooves  distijicr  : 


Ai>i  i;.M.iAN  ri;Ai'-i i;  >i'iiii:i;> — UAiMinu  ANh  rii.i.KiNK.  I2'.i 

thoracic  locea  deep,  well  procnrvecl  ;  iiiiinilinil  hioid  pallitl,  broad,  undu- 
lating, Fringed  with"  tine  yelii>\visli  liair.s.  Eijes.  —  Distributed  over  two 
rows  of  foui'  each  ;  tlie  two  row.sclo.se  together  ;  front  row  well  procurved, 
the  rear  slightly  procurved  in  front  and  also  sliglitly  I'eciirved  behind  ; 
anterior  laterals  largest  of  the  grouj),  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  and  sep- 
arated from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  three  times  their  individual 
diameter  ;  anterior  medians  considerably  smallei',  I'ound,  and  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  s[)ace  equal  to  twice  their  own  individual  diameter  ; 
rear  laterals  rather  smaller  than  tlieir  front  lateral  neighbours,  elliptical, 
and  poised  obliquely  ;  posterior  medians  widel}'  sej)arated,  round,  some- 
what smaller  than  the  anterioi'  medians,  close  to,  but  not  touching,  their 
latei'al  neighbours  (PI.  xx.,  tig.  72).  Le(js. — Moderately  long,  sturdy, 
concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  densely  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas, 
each  ambulatory  limb  armed  with  short,  stout  spines,  those  on  the  two 
front  pairs  being  much  the  strongest ;  metatarsi,  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  par- 
tially scopulated  ;  relative  lengths:  4,  1,  2,  3.  I'alpi. — Long,  very  sti'ong, 
similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs  ;  tarsus  partially  scopu- 
lated. F'dces. — Projected  forward,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  well 
clothed  with  fine  hairs  and  coarse  bristles  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of 
each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  nine  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer  with  seven 
rather  smaller  ones  ;  between  these  two  rows  there  are  at  the  base  two  or 
three  minute  teeth  ;  rasteUuin  consists  of  two  transverse  rows  of  rather 
strong  teeth  ;  fmig  black,  shining,  well  curved.  Maxillm. — Reddish-brown, 
arched,  hairy,  basal  angle  excavated,  furnished  with  a  cluster  of  small 
spines,  and  terminating  in  an  obtusely  pointed  heel  ;  inner  angle  fringed 
with  a  beard  of  long,  reddish  hairs,  and  terminating  at  apex  in  an  obtuse 
point.  Lahium. — Coiicohjrous,  free,  well  arched,  shining,  longer  than 
broad,  moderately  clothed  with  long  hairs,  devoid  of  spines,  apex  gently 
rounded.  Ster>itt.ni. — Concolorous  with  labium,  pyriform,  broad,  well 
arched,  angles  undulated,  moderately  clothed  with  stiff  bristles,  and  ter- 
minating obtusely  between  fourth  pair  of  coxse  ;  sigilla  large,  first  and 
second  pairs  marginal,  tlie  third  largest  and  away  from  mai'gin.  Ahdomen. 
— Ovate,  well  arched,  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax  rather  more  than 
the  majority  of  species,  clay-yellow,  hairy.  Spinnerets. — Short,  stout, 
yellowish,  hairy,  superior  pair  extending  beyond  tip  of  abdomen  ;  of  these 
the  first  joint  is  twice  as  long  as  that  of  the  second,  the  third  being  very 
small  and  dome-shaped;  inferior  spinners  very  short,  twice  as  long  as 
broad,  and  quite  close  together — neai'ly  touching. 

Hiib. — Albany  Road,  Narrogin,  West  Australia  (May  22,  1912). 

AlBANIANA    ORNATA,    sp.  1100. 

(PI.  xxii..  figs.  73  and  74.) 

9-  Cephalothorax,  8'8  mm.  long,  7"4  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  115 
mm.  long,  82  mm.  broad. 

t  'ephalothora:i\ — Obovate,  bright  yellow,  uneven,  moderately  clothed 
with  rather  loug,  fine,  yelloAvish  hairs.  Pars  cephalica  well  arched, 
ascending,  truncated  in  front,  furnished  with  a  few  black  bristles  at  rear 
of  ocular  area,  segmental  groove  distinct ;  ocular  area  much  broader  than 
long,   black,  raised,  arched,  and   furnished   in   front  with  a  tuft  of   black 


124  ■  UKroKlLS  OF  TKK  At'STRAMAN   MUPETM. 

bristles  ;  clijpcuf  hyaline,  deep,  sloping  forward,  niidiilnted.  7'((/.s  tlioracica 
arched,  radial  grooves  distinct;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  ntanjinal 
band  pallid,  undulated,  fringed  with  long  black  hairs.  Eijf'i. — Compactly 
grouped,  distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  front  row  procurved, 
the  rear  slightly  procurved  in  front,  and  slightlj'  recurved  behind  ; 
anterior  lateral  eyes  lai-gest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  obliquely  poised, 
ringed  with  black,  and  separated  froin  each  otlier  by  a  space  equal  to 
rather  more  than  twice  their  individual  diameter  ;  front  median  eyes 
round,  ringed  with  black,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal 
to  rather  more  tliau  twice  their  individual  diameter  ;  rear  laterals 
considerably  smaller  than  their  anterior  neighbours,  ringed  with  black 
and  poised  obliquely  ;  rear  )nedians  smallest  of  the  group,  round,  widely 
separated  from  each  other,  and  each  just  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  ; 
the  two  rows  of  eyes  close  together  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  73).  Le;/;--. — Moderately 
long,  sturdy,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  haiiy,  but  displaying  naked 
areas  ;  each  ambulatory  limb  armed  with  strong,  black  spines  ;  metatarsi 
and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  scopulte  divided  ;  relative  lengths  :  -i,  1, 
2,  3.  I'alpi. —  Similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs  i.  and  ii.  ; 
tarsal  scopula  divided.  Falces. — Projected  well  forward,  strong,  con- 
colorous with  cephalothorax,  clothed  with  dark  hairs  and  long,  coaise 
bristles  ;  inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  seven  strong 
teeth,  and  the  outer  with  twelve  small  ones  :  in  addition  to  these  there  is 
an  intermediate  row  of  thi'ee  minute  teeth  ;  rasfeJhiiii  consists  of  two  rows 
of  long,  strong  teeth  ;  fauy  dark  brown,  shining,  well  curved.  Ma,>:iIJiT. — 
Bright  yellow,  ai-ched,  haiiy,  heel  well  I'onnded,  a  cluster  of  small  spines 
near  the  base,  inner  angle  furnished  with  a  beard  of  long,  reddish  hairs, 
and  terminating  at  apex  in  a  somewhat  obtuse  point.  Lahium. — Con- 
colorous, rather  longer  than  broad,  arched,  moderately  haixy,  a  row  of 
small  spines  near  the  apex,  the  latter  very  slightly  concave.  Sternam. — 
Pyriform,  snwky  yellow,  hairy,  terminating  obtusely  between  fouith  pair 
of  coxfB  ;  postericn-  siyilla  away  from  margin.  Ahiloiacii. — Ovate,  slightly 
overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  well  aiched,  hairy  ;  superior  suiface 
j^ellow,  marked  down  the  middle  with  a  broad  dull  gieen  longitudinal 
band,  from  which  there  extends  laterally  transverse  bars  in  eschalon, 
these  lattei'  vary  in  diffeient  specimens  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  74)  ;  sides  and 
inferior  surface  yellowish-green,  hairy.  Spi iDierets .  —  Y eWovf ,  hairy,  first 
joint  twice  as  long  as  that  of  the  second  ;  thijd  joint,  minute,  dome- 
shaped. 

Hah. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

AlJiAN'IANA     VII.LOSA,    ?IJ.    )iOC. 

(PI.  xxii.,  tigs.  75.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  119  mm.  long,  9  mm.  broad;  abdomen  lO'S 
mm.  long,  7  mm.  broad  ;   abdomen  shrivelled. 

Cephalothora.i'. — Obovate,  moderately  clothed  with  long,  tine  yellowish 
hairs,  shining,  mahogany-brown,  uneven.  Pars  ceiihalica  high,  ascending, 
well  arched,  compressed  at  sides,  segmental  groove  distinct;  ocidar  area 
broader  than  long,  fringed  in  fi-ont  with  a  cluster  of  stiff  bristles;  chfpei(s 
hyaline,   sloping   forwaitl,    undulated.       /'((/.<   thoraclca  arched,    broad    at 


A(>li;.\i.iAN   I  KAi'-ixHii;  >riiii;i,> — i;aimiu\\   aM'  ill, i, kink.  1L'5 

middle,  radial  grooves  distinct;  llmrncic  focen  deep,  vei-y  sliglitly  pio- 
eurved  ;  iihui/inal  baml  broad,  uiiduhited,  fringed  witli  long  tine  liairs. 
blije^. — Compactly  grouped,  distributed  over  two  lows  of  four  each  ;  fiont 
row  procurved,  tlie  reai'  slightly  procurved  in  fiout.,  and  distinctly 
recurved  behind  ;  side  eyes  of  both  rows  elliptical,  ringed  with  black, 
and  poised  obliquely  ;  front  anterior  eyes  almost  touching  edge  of  clypeus, 
not  larger  than  their  posterior  lateral  neighbours,  and  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  fully  that  of  three  times  their  individual 
diameter;  front  medians  round,  linged  with  black,  and  separated  fi'om 
each  other  by  a  6|)ace  equal  to  about  one-half  their  own  individual 
diameter;  lateial  eyes  of  both  rows  close  together  and  neaily  touching; 
rear  intermediate  eyes  small,  rounded,  widely  separated,  and  each 
touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (Tl.  xxii.,  tig.  75).  Zcj/.-*. — Coucolorous  witli 
cephalothorax,  moderatelj'  luiig,  sturdy,  densely  hairy,  but  displaying 
naked  areas  ;  each  ambulatory  limb  armed  with  long,  strong,  black 
spines  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  scopula  divided  ; 
relative  lengths:  4,1,2,3.  ralpi. — Long,  sturdy,  similar  in  coIouj-, 
clothing  and  armature  to  legs  i.  and  ii.  Fulccs. — Projected  well  foiward, 
coucolorous  with  cephalothorax,  shining,  moderately  clothed  with  fine 
hairs,  and  long,  coarse  bristles  ;  inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx 
armed  with  six  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer  witli  ten  smaller  ones;  in 
addition  to  these  there  is  an  irregular  and  intermediate  row  consisting  of 
about  a  dozen  minute  teeth  ;  rastellani  consists  of  a  number  of  strong 
teeth  spread  over  a  rather  extensive  area;  foiiij  long,  well  curved,  nearly 
black.  Ma.i'illiv. — Reddish-brown,  long,  arched,  well  rounded  at  heel, 
clothed  with  long,  coarse  hairs  ;  the  inner  angle  has  a  long  reddish  beard 
and  a  cluster  of  small  spines  near  the  base.  Ijiihinin. — Concoloi'ous, 
longer  than  broad,  moderately  clothed  with  long  hairs,  rounded  at  apex  ; 
there  are  also  a  few  scattered  spines.  iStenixm. — Broadly  pyriform, 
yellowish,  arched,  clothed  with  long,  coarse  bristles ;  sigiUn  lather  large, 
first  and  second  pairs  marginal,  the  third  largest  and  away  from  margin. 
Ahdviueii. — Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax, 
chocolate  brown,  densely  clothed  with  long,  coarse  hairs.  Spitinerefs. — 
Yellowish,  stout,  hairy;  first  joint  of  superior  pair  longest,  the  third 
short  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  short,  cylindrical,  rather  more 
than  once  their  individual  diameter  apart. 

Hah. — Tambouiine  Mountain,  Queensland. 

AlHANIANA  FLAVOMACDLATA,  Sf.  )IOl'. 

(PI.  xxii.,  fig.  76.) 

2-  Cephalothorax,  8"9  mm.  long,  7"5  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  11 '2 
mm.  long,  7"5  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothora.i'. — Obovate,  moderatel}'  pilose,  yellow-brown.  Fare 
cephalica  high,  ascending,  well  arched,  compressed  laterally,  segmental 
groove  distinct  ;  ocular  area  much  broader  than  long,  nearly  black,  raised, 
arched,  fringed  in  front  with  a  tuff  of  black  bi-istles  ;  cJijpenft  hyaline, 
broad,  slojjing  well  forward,  deeply  indented  at  middle.  Furs  thoracica 
broad,  uneven,  arched,  retreating  towards  posterior  angle,  radial  grooves 
broad,  deep  ;   thoracic  fovea  deep,  well  procurved  ;   marginal  hauiJ  slightly 


126  KECORDS  OF  THK  AUt^TKALlAN  MUiSEUM. 

reflexed,  pale  j'elluwisli,  uudiilated,  friuged  witli  tine  pale  liairts.  Eijes. — 
Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  front  row  well  procurved,  the 
rear  slightly  procurved  in  front  and  slightly  recurved  behind  ;  fiont 
lateral  eyes  elliptical,  ringed  with  black,  poised  obliquely,  and  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  sj^ace  equal  to  fully  three  times  tlieir  individual 
diameter  ;  anterior  intermediates  lound,  small,  and  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  ratliei-  more  than  once  their  own  individual 
diameter  ;  rear  laterals  as  large  as  their  anterior  lateral  neigli hours,  ellip- 
tical, poised  obliquel_y,  and  ringed  with  black  ;  rear  intermediates  widely 
separated,  smallest  of  the  group,  but  nearly  as  large  as  anterior  intermed- 
iate ej-es,  slightly  elli])tical,  ringed  with  black,  each  just  touching  outer 
ring  of  its  lateral  neighbour  ;  both  rows  of  eyes  close  together  (PI.  xxii., 
fig.  76).  Lecjs. — Rather  short,  sturdy,  tapering,  concolorous.with  cephal- 
othorax,  densely  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  legs  i.  and  ii.  armed 
with  a  series  of  powerful,  black  spines,  and  legs  iii.  and  iv.  with  a  series 
of  very  weak  ones  ;  metatarsus  iii.,  howevei',  lias  three  strong  spines  at  its 
apical  extremity  ;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  scoi)ulated,  the  scopula  divided  ; 
relative  lengths  :  •!•,  1,  2,  3.  Fdlpi. — Long,  strong,  similar  in  colour  and 
clothing  to  legs  ;  tibia  and  tarsus  armed  with  numerous  powerful,  black 
spines;  tarsal  scopula  divided.  Falces. — Projected  well  forward,  shining, 
rich  mahogany  brown,  clothed  with  sliort,  black  liairs  and  coarse  bristles, 
but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed 
with  six  strong  teeth  ;  and  the  outer  with  eight  small  ones  ;  there  are  also 
two  or  three  minute  intermediate  teeth  at  tlie  base  ;  ntsteUtint  consists  of 
three  transverse  rows  of  strong  teeth  ;  fainj  nearly  black,  shining,  well 
curved.  MaxiUo'. — Yellow-brown,  shining,  hairy,  ai'ched,  well  rounded 
at  heel,  furnished  with  a  few  small  spines  at  base  of  inner  angle,  the  apex 
of  which  is  obtusely  pointed.  Labium. — Concoloi'ous,  longer  tlian  broad, 
arched,  somewhat  coniform,  no  spines  visible.  Sternum. — Reddish-j'ellow, 
shining,  arched,  broadly  pyriform,  teiminating  obtusely  between  fourtli 
pair  of  coxse,  clothed  with  coarse  black  bristles  ;  posterior  ^'kjUIu  away 
from  margin.  AIi(lo)iie)i. — Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalo- 
thorax,  arched,  moderately  clothed  with  short  fine  haiis  ;  superior  surface 
yellow-brown  ornamented  with  large  j'ellow  patches  and  small  yellow 
spots  ;  sides  yellowish  with  faintly  visible  small,  pale,  somewhat  elliptical 
markings  ;  inferior  surface  yellow,  liairy.  Sjyinnerets. — Concolorous, 
hairy,  the  superior  pair  extending  beyond  tip  of  abdomen  ;  of  these,  the 
basal  joint  is  much  the  longest,  the  apical  small  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior 
spinners  short,  rounded  at  apex,  and  separated  from  each  other  bj' a  space 
equal  to  not  more  than  once  their  individual  transverse  diameter. 

Hah. — Albany  Road,  Narrogin  (May  23,  1912),  and  Kalamunda,  near 
Perth  (May  16,  1912),  West  Australia;   the  latter  immature. 

aruKjj  EUOPLE^. 
Genus  Euoplos,  liainhoir. 

KUOJ'I.OS    SPINNIl'ES,    h'lliiilnttr, 

(P\.  XV.,  fig.  13  ;   PI.  xvi.,  figs.  Ii  SUld  15.) 
I'Jiiophi^.^liinnlpes,  Rainbow,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  x.,  S,  1914,  p.  219,  figs.  28 — 31. 
Ihih. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 


ArsTi;.u,i.\x  ruAi'-ixiiii;  si'ii>Ki;s — ijainbow  anh  rrM.KixK.  127 


Amongst  tlie  Jiiateiial  collected  by  Di-.  Tliog.  Bancroft,  at  Eidsvold, 
Queensland,  there  is  a  very  pretty  male  spider,  wliicli,  whilst  being  a 
true  Ctenizid,  differs  from  all  Australian  forms  included  in  that  series 
liitherto  examined  and  studied  by  us.  It  has  a  rastellum  and  three 
claws,  but  like  species  of  (he  genus  Jhtchios,  Sim.  (Brazil),  and  ScnJidoy- 
natJius,  Karsch  (Ceylon),  there  is  no  tibial  apophysis  on  legi.;  again, 
like  liermacha,  Sim.  (Central  America  and  South  Africa)  the  inferioi' 
tarsal  claw  is  very  rudimentar}'.  It  would  seem,  therefore,  that  a  new 
genus  is  necessary  foi-  its  leception.  It  may  also  be  necessary  heieafter 
to  establish  a  new  group  for  its  convenience  since  it  dilfei-s  from  all 
Nemesids  in  having  the  thoiacic  fin'ea  straight  instead  of  recurved. 
However,  until  such  time  as  additional  matei-ial,  including  male  and 
female  examples,  shall  have  been  collected,  it  will  be  bettei'  to  include  it 
in  the  Nemesiae  group.      Accordingly  it  is  there  so  placed. 

Qeniis   Bancrof tiana,^  ijeii.  imr. 

Ceplialnthorn.r. — Obovate.  Fars  cephnliai  gently  ascending;  ocular 
(irea  raised.  Vars  fhoraciea  uneven,  radial  grooves  distinct;  thoracic  fovea 
deep,  straight.  Eyes. — Eight,  dis6?ibuted  over  two  rows  of  four  each, 
the  front  row  being  procurved,  and  the  rear  recurved.  Jjcgs. — Long, 
tapering,  not  strong,  spined  ;  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  superior  claws 
long,  armed  with  two  rows  of  teeth  ;  inferior  claw  rudimentary  ;  no 
tibial  apophysis  on  leg  i.  Palpi. — Tibial  joint  furnished  with  an 
apophysis  ;  bulb  bilobed,  and  terminated  Avith  a  long  pointed  style. 
Falces. — Armed  with  two  rows  of  teeth,  between  which  there  is  an 
intermediate  sej-ies.  Lahiiim. — Short,  broader  than  long.  Sternum. — 
Shield-shaped  ;  sir/iJla  not  very  distinct,  anterior  pairs  small  and 
marginal,  the  posterior  rather  large,  submarginal.  Si^imiercts. — Superior 
pair  stout,  basal  joint  much  the  longest,  and  the  third  minute  and  dome- 
shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  very  small. 

Banckoftiaxa    SPECIOSA,    f<p.  IIOV. 

(PI.  xxii.,   figs.  77  and  78.) 

(J.  Cephalothorax,  8  mm.  long,  7  mm.  bioad  ;  abdomen,  8'3  mm. 
long,  5'5  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothora.f. — Obovate,  sides  rounded,  oi'ange-red  with  two  lateral 
fuscous  patches  on  cephalic  segment,  surface  furnished  with  black  bristly 
hairs.  Pars  cephalica  ascending,  moderately  high,  segmental  groove 
distinct :  ocvlar  area  raised,  broadei'  than  long,  black,  fringed  in  front 
with  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles;  chjpeiix  broad,  sloping  forward,  hyaline, 
indented  at  middle.  Pars  t/toracica  broad,  uneven,  ladial  grooves  distinct ; 
thoracic  fovea  deep,  straight;  marginal  hand  yellowish,  bi'oad,  undulated, 
fringed  with  short  stiff  black  bristles.      Eyes Distributed  over  two  rows 

"  111  honour  of  the  CoUectnr. 


128  KECnRl>S  OF  THK   AUSTRALIAN   MUSEUM. 

of  four  each,  the  front  procurved  and  tlie  rear  recarved  ;  anterior  medians 
roand,  largest  of  the  group,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal 
to  about  one-half  their  own  individual  diameter  ;  anterior  laterals  larger 
than  rear  lateial  eyes,  elli|)tical,  poised  obliquely,  each  separated  from 
its  inner  neighbour  b}"  a  space  nearly  equal  to  that  of  one-half  the 
individual  diameter  of  one  of  the  latter  eyes;  rear  laterals  also  elliptical, 
and  poised  obliquely;  rear  medians  veiy  small,  widely  removed,  each 
just  touching  the  ring  of  its  outer  neighbour  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  77).  Legs. — 
Concolorons  with  cephalothorax,  long,  not  stiong,  tapering,  hairy,  but 
displaying  naked  areas,  armed  with  numerous  modei-ately  strong  black 
spines  ;  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Fid  pi. — 
Moderately  long,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs  ;  tibia  inflated  and 
furnished  with  an  apoph3\sis,  upon  which  there  are  a  number  of  small 
black  spines  ;  bulb  reddish,  shining,  bilobed,  and  terminating  in  an 
elongated,  curved,  slightly  twisted,  pointed  style,  the  tip  of  which  is 
barbed  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  78).  Fnlces. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax, 
narrow,  not  very  strong,  projected  well  forward,  clothed  with  fine  hairs 
and  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  aieas  ;  rasteUinii  consists  of  two 
transverse  rows  of  moderately  strong  teeth  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow 
of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  six  large  teeth,  and  one  small  one  : 
outer  ridge  armed  with  a  row  of  ten  small  teeth  ;  between  these  two  rows 
there  is  an  intermediate  series  of  eiglit  minute  teeth  ;  the  teeth  upon  the 
inner  ridge  are  rather  widel}^  separated  from  each  other  ;  fcmg  reddish- 
brown,  shining,  long,  well  curved.  Maxilla'. — Yellowish,  arched,  hairy, 
slightly  excavated  at  base,  heel  well  rounded.  Lnhiinu. — Short,  broader 
than  long,  submerged,  arched,  concolorous  with  maxilla*,  apex  rounded 
and  fringed  with  i-ather  long,  black  bristles  ;  there  are  also  a  few  bristles 
distributed  over  the  surface.  SfenniDi. — Concolorous  with  labium,  some- 
what shield-shaped,  narrowest  in  front,  and  broadest  near  the  third  pair 
of  coxae,  arched,  clothed  with  hairs  and  bristles,  (he  marginal  ones  being 
much  the  longest  and  strongest ;  sigilla  not  distinct ;  first  and  second 
pairs  very  small,  marginal  ;  posterior  paii-  rather  large,  round  and 
submaiginal.  Alnlomeii. — Ovate,  ai'ched,  slightly  ovei-hanging  base  of 
(^ephalothoiax,  hairy;  superior  surface  yellow  with  a  broad,  longitudinal 
median  band,  and  seven  ti-ansvei'se  bars  of  dark  brown  ;  inferior  surface 
yellow.  Spinnerets. — Short,  yellow,  haiiy  ;  superior  pair  stout,  first 
joint  longer  than  second  and  third  combined,  the  latter  minute  and  dome- 
shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  very  short,  cylindrical,  and  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  I'atheT-  more  than  once  their  own  individual 
transverse  diameter. 

TTah. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

Cirnnp  CATAXEtE. 

In  1914,  one  of  the  writers  of  rhis  papor^  pioposiMl  a  new  grou[t  to  lie 
known  as  C'ataxea^,  for  the  rece[)tion  of  a  species  which,  whilst  possessing 
three  claws  and  a  rastellum,  was  devoid  of  tarsal  s('opula\  The  species 
thus  described,  Cata.via  uiariiliitu,  displayed,  so  far  as  its  eye  fcuinula  was 

••    RiiiiilM.Nv  — R.H-.  Aiistr.  Mu.^^..  x..  8,   l<tl4,  \k  -JL'L'. 


ai'sii;ai,ia\  ti;\I'-imi(ii;  snhKi;s — it.Mxnow  .wn  iti.i.kim:.  ]'2U 

oonceiiicM],  iui  ;illinify  to  flie  Qfeiins  A(j<(iiliipo,  L.  Koch.  Tlie  species  de- 
stM-ibed  lieiemulei-,  wliicli  aie  also  devoid  of  scojmla,  displa}-  an  eye  t'oiTimla 
nioi-e  ill  coiifoniiity  witli  (ho  Arbanitejv,  consequently  a  new  f,'tMms  is  im- 
perative for  their  I'eception  and  so  we  propose  tlie  foliowiiiLr: — 

(ioiiis  Arniadalia,  (jph.  iiov. 

('i'pJii(Jnthori(.f. — Obovat,e,  arched.  l\irs  C(?pJudica  ascending,  moder- 
ately high  ;  dcular  area  broader  than  long.  Pars  thoraciat  broad  at 
middle  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved.  liJi/ex. — Distributed  over  two 
rows  of  four  eacli,  the  front  one  being  procurved,  and  the  rear  procurved 
in  front  and  recurved  beliind  ;  botli  rows  close  together.  /><'(/••<". — jModer- 
ately  long,  strong  ;  no  scopula  present;  claws,  three.  Falces. — Projected, 
furnished  with  a  rasteJlum  ;  both  ridges  of  tlie  furrow  of  eacli  falx  armed 
with  teeth.  Liiln'niu. — Slioi't,  broad,  free.  Siterninn. — Pyriform,  broad, 
posterior  6/;/i7/((  away  from  margin.      Spinnerets. — As  in  Arhauitif,  \t.  Koch. 

Arjiadalia   ORNATA,  S^/.  )I01\ 

(PI.  xxii.,  fig.  79.) 

$.  Cephalothorax,  9-2  mm.  long,  7'6  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  10'5 
mm.  long,  7'6  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  yellow,  moderatelj^  hairj',  and  furnished 
with  a  few  bristles.  Pars  cephnJica  moderately  high,  ascending,  ai'clied, 
slightly  depressed  at  rear  of  ocular  area,  and  slightly  compressed  laterally, 
segmental  groove  distinct;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised,  arclied, 
black,  furnished  in  front  with  a  few  short  black  bristles  ;  clypens  hyaline, 
sloping  forward,  moderately  deep,  very  gently  undulated.  Pars  tJioracira 
arched,  retreating  rearwards,  radial  grooves  broad,  deep;  thoracic  forea 
slightly  procurved  ;  rnargiiiAil  hand  pale,  undulated,  reflexed,  fringed 
witli  rather  long  fine  hairs.  l<Jyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four 
each,  the  front  one  being  procurved  and  the  rear  pi'ocurved  in  front  and 
recurved  behind  ;  front  latera.l  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  two-aiid-a-lialf 
times  their  individual  diameter  apart,  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  and 
mounted  upon  black  rings  ;  front  medians  round,  and  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  one-half  their  own  individual 
diameter ;  reai-  laterals  smaller  than  their  anterior  lateral  neighbours, 
elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  ringed  with  black  ;  posterior  intermediate 
eyes  minute,  round,  widely  sepai'ated,  each  just  touching  the  outer  ring 
of  its  lateral  neighbour  ;  both  rows  close  togetlier  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  79). 
Leys. — Short,  sturdy,  concoloi'ous  with  cephalothorax,  hairy,  but  display- 
ing naked  areas  ;  legs  i.  and  ii.  armed  with  long,  strong  black  sjtines,  and 
legs  iii.  and  iv.  with  long  weak  spines;  scopula  absent  from  all  legs; 
relative  lengths  :  4-,  1,  2,  3.  Paljii. — Long,  strong,  similar  in  colour  and 
clothing  to  legs,  and  armed  with  long,  powerful  black  spines  ;  tarsal 
scopnla  absent.  Falces. — Orange-red,  projected,  clothed  with  fine  black 
hairs  and  long  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of 
the  furrow  of  each  falx  aimed  with  six  strong  teeth,  aiid  the  outer  with 
ten  smaller  ones;  between  these  two  rows  there  is  an  intermediate  sei'ies 
of  four  minute  teeth  ;     rasfolhini  consists  of  a  series  of  teeth  spread  over  a 


130  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

somewhat  extensive  area;  fuixj  long',  dark  brown,  sinning,  well  cnrved. 
Maxilhv. — Yellow,  hairy,  arched,  heel  well  rounded  ;  at  lowei-  portion  of 
inner  angle  there  is  a  cluster  of  small  spines  ;  apex  of  inner  angle 
acuminate.  Lahinm. — Concolorous,  longer  than  broad,  slightly  widest 
at  base,  free,  moderatel}'^  clotlied  with  rather  coarse  bristles.  Sternnm. — 
Pyriform,  broad,  arched,  yellow,  clothed  .with  sliort,  black  haiis,  and 
laterally  with  long  coarse  bristles,  and  terminating  obliquely  between 
fourth  pair  of  coxas  ;  posterior  sirjilla  away  from  margin,  and  seated  at  a 
point  in  a  line  midway  between  coxse  ii.  and  iii.  Abdomen. — Obovate, 
arched,  moderately  projecting  over  base  of  cephalothorax,  clothed  with 
fine  yellowish  hairs  ;  superior  surface  yellow,  mai-ked  longitudinally 
and  laterally  with  broad,  chocolate  browMi  bars  ;  the  longitudinal  bar 
terminates  midway,  and  the  six  transverse  bars  are  recui'ved  ;  behveen 
the  bars  there  are  a  number  of  small  brown  spots;  sides  yellow  ;  inferior 
surface  concolorous,  hairy.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy;  superior  pair 
extending  slightly  beyond  tip  of  abdomen,  their  first  joint  longest,  and 
their  third  minute  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  small,  coniform, 
and  separated  fi'om  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  own 
individual   diameter. 

Hah. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

Armadatja   sktosa,  sp.  nov. 

(PI.  XV.,  fig.  16,  and  Fl.  xxii.,  fig.  80.) 

9-  Cephalothorax,  5"5  mm.  long,  4'5  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  7'1  mm. 
long,  5*5  mm.  broad  (PI.  xv.,  fig.  16). 

Cephalothorax.  —  Obovate,  yellow,  moderately  clothed  with  fine 
yellowish  hail's.  Pars  cephalica  moderately  high,  ascending,  arched,  seg- 
mental groove  distinct ;  ocvlar  area  broader  than  long,  black,  raised, 
arched,  fringed  in  front  with  a  small  tuft  of  bristles  ;  chfpens  hyaline, 
sloping  forward,  indented  at  middle.  Pars  thoracica  broad,  retreating 
rearwards,  radial  grooves  rather  deep  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  slightly  pro- 
curved  ;  viarijinal  hand  pallid,  undulated,  fringed  with  shoi't,  fine,  pale 
hairs.  Eijef^. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  one 
being  procurved  and  the  rear  recurved  behind  and  procurved  in  front ; 
front  lateral  eyes  about  three  times  their  individual  diameter  apart ; 
intermediate  pair  as  large  as  their  lateral  neighbours,  and  separated  from 
each  other  bj'  about  one  half  their  own  individual  diameter  ;  rear  latei^al 
eyes  slightly  smaller  than  their  anterior  neighbours,  elliptical,  poised 
obliquely,  and  ringed  with  black  ;  rear  medians  smallest  of  the  group, 
widely  separated,  each  one  touching  its  lateral  neighbour;  both  rows  close 
togetlier  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  80).  Legs. — Short,  sturdv,  concolorous  Avith  ceph- 
alothorax, clothed  with  short  black  hairs,  and  erect  seta',  but  displaying 
naked  areas  ;  setir)  most  numerous  on  legs  iii.  and  iv. ;  legs  i.  and  ii.  armed 
with  short,  powerful  spines,  and  legs  iii.  and  iv.  with  weak  ones  ;  meta- 
tarsi iii.  armed  on  upper  surface  with  throe  short,  strong  spines;  relative 
lengths:  4,  1,  2,  8.  Palpi. — Similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs,  and 
armed  with  numerous  short,  powerful  spines,  paired. — Projected,  con- 
colorous with  ceph;ih)f hoi'iix,  cldHuMJ  with  line  l)l;ick  hairs  and  coarse  black 


Ai'STK'Ai.iAN  I  i;ai'-i>(")(ii;  simiii:i;> — i;aini:i>\\  ani)  iti.i.kink. 


lal 


l)ris(K's,  but  (lisplaving-  naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of  tlie  I'uikiw  oI'  eacli 
falx  anned  with  six  and  tlio  outer  with  eigth  sti'oiig  teeth  ;  rutiti-ll nut  con- 
sists of  three  rows  of  fairly  strong  teeth.  Mti.nlhf. — Yelhjw,  hairy,  heel 
well  rounded,  and  furnislied  with  a  clustei/  of  small  spines  at  base  of  inner 
angle.  Labitnu. — Concolon)us,  fi-ee,  subnieiged,  broader  than  long, 
slightly  widest  at  base,  arclied,  clothed  with  a  few  bristly  hairs.  Slennuii. 
— 13 road,  j)yriform,  arched,  pale  yellow,  moderately  clothed  with  tine 
hairs  and  laterally  w^ith  long,  strong  bristles,  and  terminating  obtusely 
between  fourth  pair  of  coxa\  Ahdoineii. — Obovate,  arched,  moderately 
hairy,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothoi-ax  ;  superior  surface  dull, 
dark  green,  ornamented  with  a  broad  chocolate-brown  longitudinal  band 
and  transverse  bars;  between  the  latter  there  are  a  number  of  small 
brown  spots ;  longitudinal  band  terminates  about  midway  ;  sides  and 
inferior  surface  dull  green,  and  hairy.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy  ; 
superior  pair  extended  slightly  beyond  tip  of  abdomen,  the  first  joint 
longest  and  the  third  shortest  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  minute, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  individual 
transverse  diameter. 

Obg. — Very  similar  to  foregoing  in  abdominal  ornamentation,  but 
easily  distinguished  therefrom  by  its  smaller  size,  setose  legs,  and  dentition 
of  f aloes. 

Hub. — Armadale,  West  Australia  (Mai-ch  2(3,  1912). 

A|;.MA|iAL1A   ZOUULiKS,'*  fip.   )ini\ 

(PI.  xxii.,  fig.  81.) 

$.  Cephalothorax,  6-7  mm.  long,  5-3  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  10  mm. 
long,  7;4'  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  yellows-brown,  shining,  moderately  hairy, 
arched.  Para  cephalica  ascending,  sides  compressed,  declivous,  furnished 
with  a  tuft  of  bristles  in  front  of  eyes,  and  a  row  of  same  running  from 
rear  of  eyes  to  posterior  extremity,  segmental  groove  distinct  ;  ozalar  area 
broader  than  long,  raised,  dark  brown  ;  dypetis  broad,  sloping  forward, 
undulating,  hyaline.  Pars  thoracica  uneven,  retreating,  radial  grooves 
broad  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  viar<ji)nd  band  undulating,  hyaline, 
fringed  with  tine  hairs.  Eyes. — Compactly  grouped,  distributed  over  two 
rows  of  four  each  ;  front  row  procurved,  the  rear  recurved  behind  and 
procurved  in  front ;  front  side  eyes  somewhat  the  largest  of  the  group, 
elliptical  and  poised  obliquely  ;  anterior  medians  round,  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  one-half  their  own  individual  diam- 
eter, and  each  again  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  a  similar  space  ;  rear 
laterals  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ;  posterior  medians  widely  separ- 
ated, small,  each  just  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  ;  both  rows  of  eyes 
close  together  (PI.  xxii.,  fig.  81).  Legs. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax, 
strong,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas;  tibia,  metatarsus  and  tarsus  i. 
and   ii.  armed   with   strong   short   spines  ;   those   on  legs   iii.  and   iv.  less 


^a)p{u877s=nniuarked. 


1;)2  KKCORDS  OK  THK   AUPT1!ALIA>'   MUSFA'JI. 

uumerous  and  not  so  strong  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Pe/^//. — Coiicol- 
orous  with  legs,  strong,  moderately  long,  similar  to  legs  i.  and  ii. 
in  armature  and  clothing.  Fulces. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax, 
shining,  arched,  moderately  projected,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  and 
coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furi'ow  of 
each  falx  armed  with  six  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer  with  a  row  of  eight 
small  teeth,  the  latter  placed  closely  together;  faiuj  dark  brown,  shining, 
long,  well  curved.  Maxillai. — Yellow,  hairy,  heel  well  rounded  ;  near 
excavated  angle  there  is  a  cluster  of  small  dark  spines  ;  beard  yellowish. 
Lahiam. — Concolorous,  short,  free,  slightly  longer  than  broad,  arched, 
furnished  with  a  few  short  stiff  bristles,  apex  rounded.  Stenintn. — Con- 
colorous also,  shield-shaped,  slightly  arched,  widest  near  third  pair  of 
cox*,  thinly  clothed  with  stiff  black  bristles  ;  posterior  >■/;//?/(/  large,  and 
aAvay  from  mai-gin.  Ahdomen. — ^Obovate,  arched,  slightly  ovei-hanging 
base  of  cephalothorax,  clay  3^ellow,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  and  Icnig  black 
bristles  or  setse.  Spiiuieret!'. — Concolorous,  hairy  ;  superior  pair  short, 
stout,  tapering,  first  joint  longest,  the  third  shortest ;  inferior  spinners 
cylindrical,  fully  twice  their  own  individual  transverse  diameter  apart. 
Hah. — Mount  Lofty,  South  Australia. 

Ak'MADAMA     I'AI,I,11)A,    tij^i.    HOC. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  &2.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  10"5  mm.  long,  7'()  mm.  broad;  ab(h)nien,  li-l 
mm.  long,  9'4  mm.  broad. 

Cepludothorux. — Obovate,  yellow,  arched,  niodei-ately  clothed  with 
fine  yellow,  downy  hairs.  Furs  cephallcn  high,  ascending,  sides  compressed, 
marginal  groove  distinct,  a  row  of  stiff  bristles  or  setre  runs  down  the 
middle  from  rear  of  eye  space  to  base  of  cephalic  segment,  there  is  also  a 
tuft  of  stiff  bristles  in  front  of  the  eyes  ;  ucaJar  area  broader  than  long, 
slightly  raised,  front  median  eyes  surrounded  by  black,  there  are  also  two 
small  black  lateral  bands,  each  of  which  lies  between  and  connects  the 
rings  upon  which  the  side  eyes  are  poised  ;  clijpeiis  deep,  sloping,  indented 
at  middle,  hj'aline.  Pars  flioracica  uneven,  retreating,  radial  grooves 
deep  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  moderately  piocurved.  Eijes. — Distributed 
ovei'  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row  being  procurved,  and  the  reiir 
recurved  ;  front  lateral  eyes  just  touching  edge  of  clypeus,  largest  of  the 
group,  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
space  equal  to  that  of  two-and-a-half  times  their  own  individual  diameter; 
anterior  medians  round,  and  sepai'ated  from  each  other  by  one-half  that 
of  their  OAvn  individual  diameter ;  rear  side  eyes  elliptical,  obliquely 
])oised,  smaller  than  their  fi-ont  lateral  neighbours,  from  which  they  are 
separated  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  once  their  t)wn  individual  diameter  ; 
rear  inteimediates  minute,  each  just  touching  the  outer  edge  of  the  ring 
(iF  its  lateral  neighboui-  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  82).  Ijetju. — Concolon)us  with 
ceplialotlioiax,  strong,  nH)derately  long,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ; 
each  tibia,  metatarsus  and  tarsus  armed  with  powerful  spines ;  relative 
lengths:  1,  1,  2,  .'>.  I'aljil. — Rather  long,  strong,  similar  in  coloni", 
clothing  and  arnialurr  to  legs.  Falccs. — Slightly  darker  than  cephalo- 
thorax, projected  well  lurwai-d,  clothed  with  line  hairs  and  (.oarse  bristles, 


ArsTK'Ai.iAX  ri;Ai'-iiii(ii;  srinKus — i;Ai\Mn\v  ANh  ITM.KINK.  lM:l 

hut  tlisplavinp;  iiakml  areas  ;  i)incr  fi(l2;i'  dl'  tlu'  I'lnrdw  of  carli  I'alx  anncil 
with  .six  strong  tooth,  and  the  oiitor  with  ciglit  small  imus  ;  in  addition 
to  tliese  there  is  an  internu'diate  I'ow  of  niiio  minutr  ont's,  tlie  row 
terminating  near  base  ol"  I'ang  ;  rdnh-llinn  consists  of  three  transverse  rows 
oi  sti'ong  teeth  ;  /'</;;/  reddisli  brown,  strong,  well  cni-ved.  MiuvUlti-. — 
YelloAV,  arched,  hairy,  excavated  at  base,  heel  obtuse,  inner  angle  bearded 
with  long  yellow  hairs  and  terminating  apically  in  an  obtuse  point  ;  a 
few  small  spines  near  the  base.  Ldhiiiiii. — Concolorous,  free,  slightly 
submeiged,  short,  broad,  Avell  arched,  apex  fi-iuged  witli  long  black 
bristles  ;  a  few  of  the  latter  ai'e  also  spi  ead  over  the  surface.  Steniuiu. — 
Concolorous  also,  shield-shaped,  arched,  clothed  with  long  black  bristles  ; 
tirst  and  second  pairs  of  flijllln  marginal,  posterior  pair  large,  subniaiginal. 
Ahdoiueii. — Ovate,  arched,  very  slightly  projecting  over  base  of  cephalo- 
thorax,  yellow,  clothed  with  tine  yellowish  down,  and,  on  its  superior 
surface,  with  rather  long  setai.  [The  latter  had  become  detached  from 
the  animal  when  placed  in  the  tube  in  which  it  was  preserved.] 
Spiiinerett;. — Short,  yellowy  hairy  ;  superior  pair  stout,  first  joint  longest, 
the  third  minute  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  spinners  very  short,  and 
twice  their  own  diameter  apart ;  coIhIks  well  developed. 

Obs. — Collector's  [R.H.P.]  fieldnote  reads:   "  Hard-lid  trapdoor." 

Huh. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

Ueiiits  Cataxia,  h'aiiihdir. 

The  following  species  belongs  to  the  above  genus^"  which  it  seems 
advisable  to  amend  in  so  far  as  the  Jahimn  and  sternum  are  concerned,  so 
as  to  read  as  follows  : — 

Lahlii/in. — Short,  broad,  arched,  bespined  at  apex.  Sti'viuiiii. — Shield- 
shaped,  arched,  tirst  and  second  pairs  of  sigilla,  when  present,  A'ery  small, 
marginal  ;  posterior  ■■<iginu  submarginal,  large. 

Cataxia  tetiuca,  t<ii.  itov. 
(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  83.) 

9.  Cephalothorax  10-9  mm.  long,  7-1  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen  11-7 
mm.  long,  12"5  mm.  broad. 

Cepli(dothon(.r. — Obovate,  yellow,  arched,  sparingly  pubescent.  Fars 
cephalica  ascendiiTg,  sides  compi-essed,  segmental  groove  distinct  ;  ocular 
area  broader  than  long,  furnished  in  front  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles  ; 
clypeus  broad,  hyaline,  sloping  forward,  deeply  indented  at  middle.  I'ars 
thoracica  uneven,  retreating,  radial  grooves  broad  and  distinct ;  thoracic 
/oyea  deep,  straight ;  iiiaryiu.al  hand  broad,  undulating,  fringed  with  fine 
black  hairs.  Eijes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front 
one  being  strongly  procurved,  and  the  rear  equally  strongly  recurved  ; 
front  lateral  eyes  elliptical,  obliquely  poised,  fully  three  times  their  own 
individual  diameter  apart  ;  front  median  eyes  round,  and  once  their  own 
individual  diameter  apart ;   rear  lateral  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical 


I'J  Kaiubow.— Kec.  Austr.  Mus.,  x.,  8,  1914,  p.  223. 


134  nECORI'S  OK  THE  AUSTIJAMAK  MrSFA\M. 

and  poised  obliquely;  i*ear  medians  small,  widely  separated,  each  just 
touching  the  ring  of  its  lateral  neighbour  (PL  xxiii.,  fig.  83).  Ley.-;. — 
Moderately  long,  strong,  concoloixms  with  cephalothorax,  hairy,  but  dis- 
playing naked  areas,  each  well  armed  witli  black  spines,  of  which  those  on 
legs  i.  and  ii.  ai-e  not  only  the  most  powerful  but  the  most  numerous  ; 
claws  long  and  similar  to  those  of  C  niacalata}^  Rainbow  ;  relatiA'e  lengths: 
4,  1,  2,  3.  I'alpi. — Long,  strong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armatui-e 
to  legs  i.  and  ii.  Falces. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  strong,  pro- 
jecting, clothed  with  fine  hairs  and  long,  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying 
naked  areas  ;  inner  lidge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of 
seven  strcuig  teeth,  and  the  outer  with  a  row  of  nine  small  ones  ;  between 
these  there  is  an  intermediate  I'ow  of  six  minute  teeth  ;  nistelluni  consists 
of  two  rows  of  strong  sjjines  ;  fmiy  long,  shining,  almost  black,  well  curved. 
Maxilla'. — Yellow-brown,  shining,  powerful,  ai'ched,  hairy,  base  excavated, 
heel  well  rounded  and  furnished  with  a  few  small  spines  at  inner  angle. 
Lahium. — Rather  longer  than  broad,  but  short,  free,  well  arched,  moder- 
ately hairy,  three  rows  of  small  spines  near  apex,  the  latter  fringed  with 
stiff  bristles.  Steniuvi. — Shield-shaped,  yellow,  well  arched,  clothed  with 
stiff  bristl}"  hairs,  widest  between  third  pair  of  coxa-  ;  posterior  nigilla 
large,  submarginal.  Abdomev. — Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging 
base  of  cephalothorax,  clothed  with  short  hairs,  yellow  brown  with  a 
number  of  small  yellow  spots  scattered  over  superior  surface.  S})iniierets. 
— Yellow,  hairy,  stout  ;  superior  pair  have  the  basal  joint  longest,  and  the 
third  shortest  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior  pair  very  short,  and  twice  their 
own  individual  transverse  diameter  apart. 

Uab. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

Svhfamihj  BARYCHELINAE. 

Group  DIPLOTHELE^. 

With  this  ])aper  the  student  is  introduced  to  a  new  gi'oup  for 
Australia — ^the  Diplotlieleae,  of  which,  up  to  tlie  present,  three  genera 
oidy  have  been  known,  namely  Acrojjholiiis,  Simon,  Cef^trotreiiia,  Simon, 
and  iJljiIothele,  0.  P.  Cambr.  Of  these  the  two  first  named  hail  from 
Madagascai",  and  the  other  from  India  and  Ceylou.  The  eye  foi'mula  of 
all  three  genei'a,  and  the  one  we  now  know  to  occur  in  Australia  show 
close  affinity.  The  points  upon  Avhich  the  grouy)  is  distinguished  are  :  — 
Spinnerets,  usually  two  only ;  labium  broader  than  long.  Specimens 
known  to  the  writers  come  from  Henley  (Adelaide),  Black  Hill  (IMount 
Lofty  Ranges),  and  Mallala,  South  Australia,  and  from  Eid.svold, 
Queensland. 

An  interesting  feature  in  connection  with  our  Austjulian  form,  for 
which  the  name  Lamproijudat!  acintilluiis  is  ])roposed,  is  that  the  heavy 
tarsal  brushes  on  all  the  feet  of  both  sexes  are  l)rilliantly  iridescent, 
especially  when  viewed  by  the  aid  of  a  strong  light,  bright  green,  fiery 
red  and  opalescent  tints  pi-edomiiuiting.  If  the  same  feature  obtains  in 
exotic  species,  the  fact  has  not  been  recorded.     Another  example  Avas  sent 

11  Eainbow.— Lot-,  cit.,  p.  22-i,  fig.  -.ii. 


Arsri;.M,i.\x  lUAr-iHidi;  spii>ki;s — i;ai\hii\v  as\>  rri.i.KiXK.  135 

bv  Dr.  T.  Baiu'iot't  trom  MidsvciUl,  (^)iii'i'nslini(l.  H  is  ii  distinct,  species 
from  those  collected  around  Adelaide  and  although  the  feet  scintillate  in 
a  like  manner  with  the  South  Australian  form,  they  are  not  so  heavily 
padded. 

The  foreign  genera  enumerated  above  embrace  Hve  distinct  species, 
our  Australian  representatives  make  seven. 

Geiiiis   Lampri)podus,i- (/e^i.  nor. 

(J.  Cei)h((lot]iora.v. — Obovate,  narrow  and  truncated  in  front,  bi'oad 
at  the  middle.  F((rs  cep]nillri(  slightly  raised,  arched,  gently  ascending, 
segmental  groove  distinct ;  ociilur  lubercle  high,  arched,  rather  longer  than 
broad ;  clypens  narrow,  steep.  Pars  thoracira  broad,  i^adial  grooves 
distinct  ;  thoracic  fovea  very  slightly  procurved.  Eyes. — Distributed  over 
three  rows  of  2,  2,  4  each  ;  the  rear  row  procurved  in  front,  straight 
behind.  Le<js. — Long  ;  tibia  i.  furnished  with  an  apophysis  ;  metatarsi 
and  tarsi  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Falpi. — Tibial  joint 
scopulated.  Falces. — Short,  not  strong,  modei^ately  projected  ;  inner 
ridge  only  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  dentated.  Labium. — Much  broader 
than  long,  free  ;  apex  very  slightly  excavated.  Sternum. — Pyriform, 
broad  ;  sigilla  minute,  marginal.  Spijinerets. — Stout,  short,  fii"st  and 
second  joints  of  equal  lengths  ;  inferior  spinners  atrophied  or  absent ; 
anal  tubercle  large. 

9 .  Allowing  for  sexual  differences,  similar  to  the  male  ;  the  legs 
and  anal  tubercle  are  decidedly  shorter,  and  the  palpi  much  longer  ;  two 
spimiers  only. 

LA.MrROPODDS    SCINTILLANS,     .s^^'-   "^'■• 

(PL  xvii.,  figs.  17,  18,  19  and  20,  PL  xviii.,  tigs.  21  and  22,  and 
PI.  xxiii.,  figs.  84  and  85.) 

J".  Cephalothorax,  92  ram.  long,  8-9  ram.  broad  ;  abdomen,  8'7 
mm.  long,  7"4  mm.  broad  (PL  xvii.,  figs.  17  and  18). 

Cephalotliora.c. — Obovate,  narrowest  in  front,  dark  brown,  densely 
matted  with  long,  hoary  silken  hairs.  Fars  cep/ialica  arched,  gently 
ascending,  segmental  groove  distinct ;  ocular  tubercle  longer  tlian  broad, 
high,  arched,  black  ;  clijpeu.f  narrow,  steep.  Par.<i  thoracica  broad,  arched, 
radial  grooves  moderately  deep  ;  thoracic  fovea  very  slightly  procurved  ; 
marginal  band  broad.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4  ; 
anterior  pair  slightly  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  and  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  scarcely  equal  to  that  of  once  their  individual  diameter ; 
second,  or  intermediate  pair,  larger  than  the  foregoing,  round,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  once  their  own 
individual  diameter  ;  posterior  laterals  scarcely  as  large  as  the  anterior 
eyes,  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  and  slightly  excavated  on  their  inner 
angle  ;     rear    intermediates     smallest     of    the    grcmp,     elliptical,     widely 

"  /\i//i— /)o<;i  sliiniii|j;  ;   iro^o^,  fuot  ;=sl)iiiiji<;'  foot. 


136  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN   MUSEDM. 

separated,  each  tc)ncliing  its  lateral  neiglibour  ;  tlie  rear  row  of  eyes 
quite  close  to  the  second  or  intermediate  pair,  procurved  in  fi-ont,  straight 
behind  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  84).  Le_</*\-^— Concolorous  with  ceplmlothorax,  long, 
densely  hairy,  and  armed  on  all  joints  with  long,  fine  spines ;  metatarsi 
and  tarsi  scopulated  ;  tibia  i.  fitrnished  with  an  apophysis  ;  scopuh^:"  and 
tarsal  pads  scintillating,  the  pads  divided  ;  relative  lengths :  4,  1,  2,  3. 
Paljii. — Short,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs;  tarsal  joint  short, 
scopulated  ;  bulb,  orange-red,  shining,  bilobed,  pyriform  ;  stigma  shoi't, 
twisted  and  terminating  in  a  veiy  short  style  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  85). 
Falces. — Short,  not  strong,  slightly  projected,  densely  hairy,  and  display- 
ing no  naked  areas  ;  ianer  indge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  ai^med  with  a 
row  of  six  strong  teeth.  ]\[((.filhr.  —  Red,  shining,  hairy,  heel  well  rounded, 
inner  angle  thickly  bearded  with  red  hairs,  and  terminating  obtusely  at 
apex.  Lahium. — Concolorous,  bi'oader  than  long,  free,  moderately  hairy, 
arched,  apex  gently  excavated  and  fringed  with  coarse  bristles. 
Steninrii. — Slightly  darker  than  foregoing,  broad,  somewhat  pyriform, 
flat,  hairy  ;  sigilla  minute,  marginal.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  slightl}'  over- 
hanging base  of  cephalothorax,  dark  bi'own,  denseh'  clothed  with  long 
hairs  ;  (Uial  tuherde  large,  extending  nearly  to  apices  of  spinners. 
Spinnerets. — Concolorous,  short,  stout,  first  and  second  joints  of  equal 
lengths,  the  third  minute,  dome-shaped. 

9.  Cephalothorax,  9"5  mm.  long,  8'5  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  12'6 
mm.  long,  9-2  mm.  broad  (PI.  xvii.,  figs.  19  and  20). 

Ceplitilothorax. — Obovate,  dark  brown,  thickly  clothed  with  moderately 
long  silky  yellowish  hairs  ;  the  latter  are  not  nearly  as  long  or  so  thickly 
matted  as  in  the  male.  Furs  cejihdlica  gently  ascending,  truncated  in 
fiont,  segmental  groove  distinct ;  ocnJur  fnherrle  high,  well  arched,  black, 
furnished  in  front  with  a  small  tuft  of  short,  black  biistles  ;  cJi/jieKs  as  in 
the  male.  Pars  ihoracica  broad,  radial  grooves  distinct;  tlidraric  farea 
very  slightly  procurved  ;  niarginal  band  fringed  with  rather  long  hairs. 
E i/es. — Similar  to  those  of  the  male.  Leijs. — Moderately  long,  concolorous 
with  cephalothoi-ax,  thickly  clothed  with  grey  hairs,  amongst  which  are  a 
number  of  long,  black  bi'istles ;  each  ambulatory  limb  armed  with  long, 
fine  black  spines ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  thickly  scopulated  ;  scopulte  and 
tarsal  pads  iridescent;  relative  lengtlis  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  I'nJjii. —  Long, 
similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs.  Falrcs. — Concoloi'ous 
with  cejihalothorax,  similar  in  clothing  and  ai-mature  to  male.  Ma.riJhf. — 
Dark  brown,  shining,  heel  rounded,  inner  angle  fringed  with  a  beard 
of  long,  bright  red  hairs.  Lnhintn. — Concoloi'ous  ;  similar  to  male. 
iSternmn. — Concolorous  also,  broad,  flat,  moderately  liairv,  tonninating 
obtusely  between  fourth  pair  of  coxa^  ;  siijilla  minute,  marginal. 
Ahdarnen. — Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  ai'ched, 
dark  brown,  thickly  clothed  with  with  fine  short  haiis  ;  two  muscle  spots 
just  visible  rieai'  antei'ior  cxlreniity  ;  ninil  t njicri'lf  well  (K'veloped,  but 
shortei'  than  in  the  male.  Spinnerets. — Two  only,  coiicoloi'ous,  short, 
stout,  haiiv  ;    first  and  second  joints  of  equal  lengths,  the  (bird  minute. 

7/.///.— Ileiiley  Heacli,  .Adelaidr  ;  Hlack  Hill,  iMoniit  Lolfv  Ranges 
(November  l8th,  "li>17)  ;   and   Mallala,  SouOi   .Viistralia. 


.\rsTi;.\i.i.\\  i'i;.\i'-ii<i()i;  sriiiKus — i;.\i\H(i\v  anm  I'Ii.i.iixk.  137 

IjAM  n;iii'iiiii>  ii;i  hKscKVs,  sy*.  //(/;•. 
(PI.  xix.,  tigs.  -J:;  iiiid  -JK  and  PI.  wiii.,  lij?s.  SC  and  S7.) 

(5^.  Cepl\alothorax,  '.)•(>  mm.  long,  8-7  mm.  broad  ;  ahiloincii,  !••  1  mm. 
long,  7'1  mm.  broad  (PI.  xxiii.,  tigs.  28  and  24). 

Cephahiflmra.v. — Obovate,  narrowest  in  front,  dark  brown,  moderately 
clothed  with  long  dark  hairs.  Pars  (•oplKilicii  arched,  gently  ascending, 
segmental  groove  distinct ;  ochJuv  urea  raised,  arched,  longer  than  broad  ; 
rlijpeits  narrow,  steep,  hyaline.  r((rs  tliorucica  broad,  arched,  radial 
grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  Jncea  \Qvy  slightly  procurved  ;  iinirylnal  hand 
broad.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  three  rows  of  2,  2,  4  each  ;  anterior  pair 
touching  edge  of  clypeus,  large,  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space 
equal  to  once  their  individual  diameter  ;  intermediate  pair  of  equal  size 
to  foregoing,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  rather 
more  than  one-half  their  individvial  diameter  ;  posterior  laterals  elliptical, 
poised  obliquely,  and  distinctly  smaller  than  their  anterior  neighbours  ; 
rear  medians  smallest  oF  the  group,  widely  separated  from  each  other, 
elliptical,  each  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  ;  the  rear  row  of  eyes  is  quite 
close  to  the  second  or  intermediate  pair,  procurved  in  front  and  straight 
behind  (PL  xxiii.,  fig.  S&).  Legs. — Long,  hairy,  dark  brown,  tapering, 
and  armed  with  rather  short  fine  spines  ;  first  and  second  pairs  stout ; 
tibia  i.  furnished  with  a  prominent  apophysis,  at  the  apex  of  which  there 
is  a  stout,  stiff  spine  ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  scopulated  :  scopulfe  when  viewed 
by  the  aid  of  a  bi'ight  light  display  iridescent  reflections;  tarsal  pads  not 
divided;  relative  lengtTis :  4,  1-2,  3.  Palpi. — Short,  similar  in  colour 
and  clothing  to  legs,  tarsal  joint  scopulated  ;  bulb  pyrifoi-m,  shining, 
reddish,  twisted  at  penultimate  extremity,  and  terminating  in  a  short 
style  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  87).  Palces. — Short,  concoloi'ous  with  cephalothorax, 
slightly  projected,  not  strong,  densely  hairy,  and  displaying  no  naked 
areas  ;  inner  angle  of  tlie  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  eight 
strong  teeth  ;  beard  \ong,  red.  Maxilla'. — Brown,  hairy,  heel  well  rounded, 
inner  angle  bearded  with  long  red  haii'S,  and  terminating  obtusely  at 
apical  extremity.  Lidiiaia. — Concolorous,  short,  broader  than  long,  free, 
arched,  apex  very  slightly  excavated,  and  fringed  with  coarse  bristles. 
Steninni. — Chocolate  brown,  somewhat  pj^riform,  flat,  hairy,  and  termin- 
ating in  an  acute  point  between  fourth  pair  of  coxte  ;  si  gill  a  minute,  mar- 
ginal. Abdomen,. — Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax, 
arched,  hairy,  dark  brown.  Spiini.erets. — Superior  pair  yellowish,  short, 
stout,  hairy,  first  joint  longest,  the  third  minute  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior 
pair  close  togetlier,  exceedingly  minute,  and  hidden  amidst  the  dense 
haiiy  clothing. 

Obs. — One  specimen  only  and  that  collected  by  Dr.  T.  Bancroft.  L. 
iridesceus  is  easily  distinguished  fi'om  L.  sciutiUans  by  the  clothing  of  the 
cephalothorax,  the  palpal  bulb,  and  the  dental  armatui'e  of  the  falces.  In 
scintillans  the  cephalothorax  is  strikingly  hoary,  the  bulb  bilobed,  and  the 
inner  margin  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  six  strong  teeth, 
whilst  in  iridesceus  the  cephalothorax  is  dark  brown  and  very  much  less 
densely  clothed ;  the  bulb  is  not  bilobed,  and  the  inner  margin  of  the 
furrow  of  each  falx  is  armed  with  eight  strong  teeth. 

Hid). — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 


138  KKCORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN   MUSEUM. 

Group  BARYCHELE^. 
Genus  EncTOcrTpta,  Si  hi. 

EXCYOCRYI'TA    FUSCA,    L.    Knch. 

IiVnmuiiata  fvsca,  L.  Koch,   Die    Arach.   clos   Austr.,   i.,   187:^,  p.   478,   pi. 
xxxvii.,  figs.  1,  la,  Ih. 

Ein'tjurnii'ta   fvsra,   Hogg,  Proc.   Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  241  ;   Rainbow,  Rec. 
'  Austr.  Mns.,  x.,  8,  1914,  p.  226,  figs.  36-39. 

Ohs. — An  immature  example  ;  collected  hv  Dr.  T.  Bancroft. 
Hab. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

Genus  Idioctis,  L.  Koch. 
Idioctis  i'almarum,  Hofii/. 
Idioctis  jiiilnniiirin,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  242,  figs.  26a  and  <.■. 
Hah. — Palm  Creek,  Central  Au.stralia. 

Suhfamihj  AVICULARIN^. 

Group  SELENOCOSMIE^. 

Genus  Selenocosmia,  Auss. 

SeLRNOCOSMIA    STIRL1X(U,    Ho<J[I. 

Selenocosmia  sfirlingi,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  245,  fig.  27. 

Ohs. — The  specimens  from   Mallala  are  immature  ;    those  from    I'ichi 
Richi  are  fullr  grown. 

Hah. — Mallala,  and  Pichi  Richi,  South  Australia. 

Selenocosmia  crassh-ks,  L.  Koch. 

PInictns  cra.<sij,es,   L.    Koch,   Die   Arach.    des   Austr.,   i.,  1874,    p.  490,  pi. 

xxxvii.,  figs.  5,  ba. 
Phlotjius    crassipes,   Sim.,  Bull.   Soc.   Ent.    France    (6),   vii.,    1887  ;    Hist. 

Nat.  des.  Araign.,  i.,  1892,  p.  146. 
riiricfu."  rrasgipes,  Spencer,  Rep.  Horn.  Expl.  Exped.,  ii..  Zoology,    1896, 

p.  412,  pi.  28;  Rainbow,  Rec  Austr.  Mus.,  iv.,  1,  1901,  p.  11. 

Selenoco.'^mia  crassipes,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  245. 
H((h. — Mallala,  South  Austi'alia. 

Genus  Selenotypus,   rocud,-. 

SeLENOTYRUS     IM.r.Mll'KS,    riicock. 

Selcnoti/piis  phiuii]»'s,   Pocock,    Ann.   Mag.   Nat.    Hist.    (6),   1895,    p.    176, 
111".  X..  ligs.  2,  2-(,  -Ih  :    Hogg,  Proc.  Zo,.l.  Soc.  I9(tl.  p.  249,  fig.  29. 


AfsiK'Ai.i.w   iHAi'-hiMti;  M'IUKus  —  i;ainI!(i\v  am>  rri.i,KiNK.  139 

01,^ 'i'liis   is    our  hirc^t'st    Auslraliaii    s])ider.      'I'lio  spcciuieii   bt't'ore 

tlu'  writers  was  cDllectt'd  l).v   \)v.  ^Icriillivray. 

jjlal,. — Claudii'  River,  Cajje  York,  Nortli  Queeuslaiul. 

Gn»q>    DlPliUKK^. 

Geiu(--<   Aiuinie,  L.  Koch. 

This  genus  was  sunk  by  Sinioni'^  as  a  synoiiN  ni  of  JJrachytliele,  Auss., 
but  was  afterward  rehabilitated  by  Hogg.'^  Later,  Simon,  in  the  supple- 
ment to  his  great  work,i5  accepted  the  decision  of  Hogg,  and  concurred  in 
the  re-establishment  of  L.  Koch's  genus.  The  confusion  of  Auanie  and 
Brachythele  was  due  to  the  incomplete  definition  of  the  former  by  its 
author.  Up  to  the  present  time  seven  species  have  been  recorded  to  the 
genus,  and  to  these  sixteen  additional  forms  are  now  made  known.  Of 
the  seven  previously  recorded,  however,  one,  .4.  hicolor,^^  Rainbow,  must 
be  transferred  to  tlie  genus  Atrax,  0.  P.  Cambr.,  to  which,  by  its  scheme 
of  dentition  it  certainly  belongs.  In  Aiiame  one  ridge  only  of  the  fui^'ow 
of  each  falx  is  provided  w4th  teeth,  whereas  in  what  must  now  be  known 
as  Atnix  hicolur,  both  ridges  are  dentated. 

Two  males  are  included  in  the  species  described  hereunder,  and 
neither  of  them  are  provided  with  an  apophysis.  The  absence  of  this 
is,  of  course,  a  generic  character.  For  the  guidance  of  students  the 
following  table  is  appended.  In  respect  of  Hogg's  species,  neither  of 
which  are  included  in  our  collection,  the  features  noted  have  been  adopted 
from  that  author's  original  description. 

Front  median  eyes  one  half  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  abdomen 
yellow  with  black  metlian  and  lateral  stripes A.  pallida,  L.  Koch. 

Front  median  eyes  three  quarters  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  front 
and  rear  side  eyes  equal  in  size  and  almost  contiguous  ;  abdomen  black- 
above  and  mottled  with  irregular  yellow  spots .1.  (jriaea,  Hogg. 

Front  median  eyes  one-and-a-half  their  individual  diameter  apart ;  superior 
surface  of  abdomen  black  with  a  longitudinal  bar  and  lateral  stripes,  the 
latter  forming  an  inverted  eschelon  pattern  ;  bar  and  stripes  composed 
of  irregular  yellow  spots A.   arhorea,  Hogg. 

Front  median  eyes  twice  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  superior  surface 
of  abdomen  black  with  five  yellow  lateral  stripes A.  pcllucida,  Hogg. 

Front  luedian  eyes  three-quarters  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  abdo- 
men dingy  yellow,  with  short,  fine,  downlying,  yellow  hair  interspersed 
on  upper  side  with  long,  thin,  upstanding  bristles....!,  tasmanica,  Hogg. 

Front  median  eyes  one-half  tlieir  own  individual  diameter  apart,  heel  of  each 
maxilla  well  rounded,  devoid  of  spines  ;  aljdomen  dark  brown,  densely 
clothed  with  long  hairs , ^l-  >ninor,  Kukz. 


1-  Simon.— Hist.  Nat.  des  Araign.,  i.,  1902,  p.  180. 

i-i  Hogg.— Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  251. 

^■'  Simon.— Oji.  cit.,  ii.,  1897  (190.S),  p.  965. 

I'i  Rainbow.— Kec.  Austr.  Mus.,  x.,  8, 191-i,  p.  233. 


140  ItECOKDS  OF   IlIE  AUSTIiArJAX  MUSEU:^!. 

Eyes  of  front  row  very  close  to  each  other,  aud  also  to  edge  of  clypeus  ;  heel  of 
each  maxilla  thickly  studded  with  spines  ;  abdomen  chocolate-brown, 
densely  clothed  with  long  hairs .4.  villosa,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  rather  more  than  one  half  their  own  individual  diameter 
apart ;  heel  of  each  maxilla  densely  studded  with  spines  ;  abdomen 
chocolate-brown,  clothed  with  grey  silky  hairs .1.  hirsnta,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  rather  smaller  than  their  lateral  neighbours,  and  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  one-half  their  own  individual 
tliameter  ;  heel  of  each  maxilla  thickly  studded  with  spines  ;  abdomen 
dark  brown,  densely  hairy A.  coriioso ,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  once  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  heel  of  each 
maxilla  thickly  studded  with  spines  ;  abdomen  yellow-brown  with  a  dark 
brown  metlian  area  extending,  on  its  superior  surface,  from  anterior  ex- 
tremity' towards  si^innerets A.  grondis,   sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  half  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  heel  of  each 

maxilla  thickly  studded  with  spines  ;  the  entire  body  yellow 

A.  aiirca,  sp.  u«i\ . 

Front  median  eyes  half  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  heel  of  each 
maxilla  thickly  studded  with  spines  ;  superior  surface  and  sides  of 
abdomen  brown,  spotted  with  j^ellow,  densely  clothed  with  yellowish 
jjile  and  furnished  at  anterior  extremity  with  a  number  of  short  black 
bristles A.   flovomnculata,  sp.  nov. 

Space  in  l)oth  sexes  between  each  eye  of  front  row  less  than  one-half  the  indi- 
vidual diameter  of  one  of  the  antei'ior  median  eyes  ;  bulb  of  c?  palpus 
yellow,  pyriform,  twisted  and  terminating  in  a  short  blunt  style  ;  a  small 
cluster  of  spines  near  heel  of  each  maxilla  (  J  )  ;  two  or  three  small 
spines  near  apex  of  labium  ;  abdomen  densely  clothed  with  long  hairs  ; 
yellow  with  undefined  smoky  areas.  ?  :  Maxilla  and  labium  as  in  c^  ; 
abdomen  yellow   mottled  with  chocolate  brown,  the  latter  forming   a 

moderately  well  defined  median  de.sign  with  lateral  markings 

A.  nehulosa,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  once  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  a  cluster  of  small 
spines'at  excavated  angle  of  each  maxilla  ;  thi-ee  small  spines  on  labium  ; 
superior  surface  of  abdomen  yellow  with  brown  spots  and  median  and 
lateral  markings,  the  latter  broken  and  forming  a  rather  ill-defined 
pattern A.  deco ra,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  one-half  their  nwn  indivithial  diameter  apart  ;  inner  angle 
of  each  falx  armed  with  moderately  long  lilack  spines  similar  to  those 
on  legs  ;  base  of  maxilla^  studded  with  spines  ;  three  small  spines  on 
labium  ;  superior  surface  of  abdomen  yellow,  mottled  with  dark  brown, 
but  displaying  no  design A.  arniiyern,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  three-quarters  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  each 
maxilla  densely  bespined  at  base ;  superior  surface  of  abdomen  dark 
lirown  mottled  with  pale  yellow  spots .4.   utaculatu,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  one-half  their  own  individual  diameter  apart ;  cephalothorax 
yellow-brown,  margined  with  dark  brown  ;  heel  of  each  maxilla  thickly 
studded  with  small  spines  ;  abdomen  densely  clothed   with    long  hairs, 

the  sujierior  surface  dark  brown,  and  the  sides  yellow-brown :. 

A.  /nscoci))cto,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  about  one-half  their  own  iiidivi<lual  diameter  apai't;  heel  of 
each  maxilla  furnished  with  a  few   small  spines  ;  superior  surface  and 

sides  of  abdomen  dark   brown,   mottled  with  dull  yellow  spots 

A.  caitosa,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  one-third  their  own  individual  diameter  apart  ;  bulb  of  j 
])alpus  dark  brown,  ])yriform,  bilobed,  and  terminating  in  a  motlerately 
long,  pointed  stylo  ;  abdomen  densely  clothed  with  long  hairs  ;  superior 
surface  dai'k  brown  with  an  interruj>ted  median  longitudinal  yellow 
band,  and  transverse  concolorous  bars .4.  i^nli)n-a,  sp.  nov. 


ArsiL'Ai.i.w  ri;Ai'-iM>(ii;  srihKi;> — i;Ai\iin\v  ami  iti.i.kink.  l-l-l 

Front  median  eyes  three-quarters  their  own  individnal  diameter  apart ;  heel  of 
each  maxilla  studded  witli  a  dense  cluster  of  small  spines  ;  abdomen 
dark  brown,  densely  clothed  with  lon<^  hairs A.  rohnsla,  sp.  nov. 

Front  median  eyes  «>nco  tlieir  own  individual  diiiniett-r  apart;  each  maxilla 
furnished  with  a  few  small  spines  at  liiisc  of  inner  angle  ;  two  or  tliree 
small  spines  present  on  labium  ;  superior  surfiico  of  abdomen  in  typical 
form  yellow,  mottled  with  bi-owu  spots  and  ])atches,  both  of  wliich  form 
a  confused  design  ;  in  na-.  n  the  abdomen  is  densely  clotlied  witli  long 
liairs,  and  tlie  superior  surface  is  dark  brown  with  one  lai'ge  yellow  spot 
near  anterior  extremity  ;  in  addition  to  this  there  is  a  number  of  small 
and  obscure  yellow  spots A.  confnsa,  sp.  nov. 

Eyes  of  front  row  close  together,  tlie  laterals  being  slightly  the  largest  of  the 
group  ;  anterior  and  posterior  side  eyes  touching  ;  maxilla;  studded  with 
spines  ;  superior  surface  of  abdomen  dark  brown,  intricately  mottled 
with  yellow A.  intricata,  sp.  nov. 

Eyes  of  front  row  separated  from  each  oilier  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  one- 
half  the  individual  diameter  of  one  of  the  median  pair  ;  anterior  and 
posterior  side  eyes  toucliing  ;  each  maxilla  furnislied  at  base  with  a 
cluster  of  small  spines,  and  the  labium  near  apex  with  three  or  four  ; 

superior  surface  of  abdomen  dark  brown,  spotted  with  yellow 

A.  butleri,  sp.  nov. 

AnAMK    MINOI;,   Knh-::. 
Anaiite  tiiinur,  Kulcz.,  Aim.  Mus.  Nat.  Hung.,  vi.,  1908,  p.  45(). 
Hah. — Mount  Victoina,  New  Sontli  Wales. 

AXAME    ?    I'ALLIliA,    L.    Kuril. 

AiituiH'  pallida,  L.  Koch,  Die  Arach.  des.  Austr.,  i.,  1873,  p.  465,  pi.  xxxv., 
figs.  8  aud  8(( ;  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  252  ;  Rainbow,  Rec 
Austr.  Mus.,  X.,  8,  1914,  p.  222. 

Ob,<. — Several  female  examples  iu  dift'ereut  stages  of  development,  of 
wliat  is  probably  L.  Koch's  species.  Hogg  (■■^upru),  in  a  note  upon 
A.  paUiihi  says  : — "  The  dark  median  aud  side  stripes  on  'abdomen,  aud 
front  middle  eyes  only  one-half  a  diameter  apart  serve  to  distinguish  it." 
The  points  here  quoted  are  borne  out  in  the  examples  before  us. 

JIah. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

AnAME    VILLOSA,  .s;^).   IIOV. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  tig.  88.) 

$.  Cephalothoi'ax,  10'7  mm.  long,  8'7  mm.  bi'oad  ;  abdomen.  12'5 
mm.  long,  8" 7  mm.  broad. 

CepltaJuthora.i'. — Obovate,  arched,  chocolate  brown,  hairy.  I'ai-^ 
ce/j/ia//c'<f  ascending,  truncated  in  front,  segmental  groove  distinct;  ocular 
area  broader  than  long,  raised  ;  chjpeHs  very  narrow,  dull  grey.  Fars 
f/ioracica  retreating  gently  posteriorly,  radial  gi'ooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea 
])rocurved  ;  marginal  hand  narrow,  grey,  fringed  with  fine  hairs.  Eijes. — 
Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  the  fj'ont  I'ow  procurved  aud 
the  rear  recurved  ;  front  lateral  eyes  large,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ; 
anterior  intermediate  pair  round  ;    the  eyes  of  this  row  are  very  close  to 


142  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRAMAX  :\IUSEUM. 

each  other,  and  also  to  the  edge  of  the  clrpeus ;  lateral  eyes  of  second 
row  large,  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  each  just  touching  the  apex  of  its 
anterior  lateral  neighbour ;  intermediate  eyes  of  rear  row  small,  widely 
separated,  each  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  SS).  Legx. — 
Moderately  long,  tapering,  3-ellowish  brown,  clothed  with  long,  fine  black 
hairs,  but  displaying  naked  areas ;  each  armed  with  long,  tine  black 
spines ;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopulated  ;  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  fully  so ; 
i"elative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  .  Falpi. — Short,  not  strong,  similar  in  colour 
and  clothing  to  legs  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — Projected  well  foinvard, 
strong,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax  :  clothed  with  long  coarse  hairs 
or  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas ;  inner  margin  of  the  furrow  of 
each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  ten  strong  teeth  ;  in  addition  to  these 
there  is  at  base  an  intermediate  row  of  six  minute  teeth  ;  fang  long, 
black,  shining,  well  curved.  Ma.vilke. — Yellowish,  hairy,  arched,  heel 
well  rounded,  and  thickly  beset  with  small  spines.  Lahiuni. — Concolorous 
submerged,  free,  short,  bi-oader  than  long,  arched,  sides  rounded,  apex 
slightly  excavated  and  fringed  with  a  row  of  strong  bristles.  Sternnnt. — 
Broad,  somewhat  pyrifoi-m,  arched,  concolorous  with  foregoing,  hairy  ; 
sigilla  marginal.  Ahdotnen. — Oborate,  arched,  moderately  overhanging 
base  of  cephalothoi-ax,  chocolate  brown,  densely  clothed  with  long  bairs. 
Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy  ;  sujDerior  pair  long,  tapering  ;  the  tliird 
joint  of  these  is  the  longest,  and  the  tirst  and  second  are  of  equal  length  ; 
inferior  spinnerets  short,  and  once  their  individual  diameter  apart. 

Obs. — The  example  from  Tambourine  Mountain  was  dry.  In  the 
tube  there  is  a  label  upon  which  had  been  jiencilled,  as  a  field  note : 
"  Open  burrow." 

Hah. — Eidsvold  and  Tambourine  Mountain,  Queensland. 

AXAJIE    HIKSCTA,    -S^J.   ItOV. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  figs.  89  and  90.) 

$.  Cephalothorax,  105  mm.  long,  9  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  14'2 
mm.  long,  9"8  mm.  broad. 

CephalotlioraA'. — Yellow  brown,  hairy,  obovate,  arched.  Fars  cephalica 
ascending,  truncated  in  front,  segmental  groove  distinct ;  ocular  area 
broader  than  long,  raised,  fringed  in  front  with  bristles  ;  clijpens  narrow, 
indented  at  the  middle,  grey.  Furs  thoracica  broad,  radial  grooves 
distinct;  Ihdracir  fovea  \n'Ocvivved  \  luargiiinl  hand  narrow,  fringed  with 
fine  hairs.  F[/es. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  Front 
being  slightly  procui-ved  and  tlie  rear  recurved  ;  lateral  eyes  of  both  rows 
of  equal  size,  elliptical,  poised  obliquely',  not  touching  ;  anterior  medians 
I'ound  ;  rear  medians  elliptical,  and  smallest  of  the  group  (PI.  xxiii., 
fig.  89).  Leg?. — Moderately  long,  strong,  concolon)us  with  cephalothorax, 
hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas,  ami  armed  with  long,  stri)ng  s])ines ; 
metatai'si  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopulated.  the  tarsi  fully  so:  relative 
lengths;  4,  1,2,3.  Ful/ii. — Moderately  long,  strong,  concoioi'ous  with 
legs,  and  similar  to  them  in  clothing  and  armature ;  tarsi  scopulated. 
Falres. — Projected  Avell  forward,  strong,  dark  brown,  ai'ched,  densely 
clothed  with  coarse  hairs  oi-  bristles  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  eacli 
t'alx  armed  with  a  low  nl'  twelve  teeth  ;    of   these   the   tive  at  the   base  are 


ArsTRAr.iAX  ri;Ai'-iMi(ii;  sni>Ki;s — i;ai\i;(i\v  ami  I'rr.r.EiN'K.  143 

vei-y  small ;  in  aildition  to  the  row  thus  desci'iberl  thei-e  is  ai>  intermediate 
series  of  foui'  miiuite  teeth  at  tlie  base  of  eacli  falx  ;  fniKj  long,  sliining, 
dark  bmwn,  well  curved.  M((.riJUi'. — Yellow,  arched,  liairv,  heel  well 
rounded  and  thickly  studded  with  a  cluster  of  small  spines.  Lahiinn. — 
Coucoloi'ons,  submeiged,  arched,  hairy,  slioi't,  broadei-  than  long,  ai)ex 
excavated  and  fringed  with  bristles.  Sh-nni m. — Somewhat  shield-shaped, 
concolorous  also,  arched,  clothed  with  long,  coarse  black  liairs  ;  aigillu 
marginal.  Ahdonien. — Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of 
cephalothorax,  cliocolate  brown,  clothed  with  grey,  silky  hairs.  Sprimer- 
ets. — Superior  pair  long,  yellow,  tapering,  haiiy,  iirst  joint  longest  and 
the  second  shortest  :  inferior  spinnerets  yellow-brown,  cylindrical,  hairy, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  individual 
transverse  diameter. 

Ohfi.  —  A  second  example,  also  from  Mallala,  is  interesting  from  tlie 
fact  that  two  eyes  on  one  side  are  missing.  The  abnoi^mality  is  not  due 
to  accident  as  the  cephalothorax  is  uninjured  (PI.  xxiii.,  tig.  90). 

J/,,/;. —Mallala,  South  Australia  (April  and  May,  1908). 

AnAME  COMOSA,  Sp.  iiov. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  91.) 

9-  Cephalothorax,  9"8  mm.  long,  7"5  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  lO'l 
mm.  long,  7'5  mm.  broad. 

Ceplndothora.v. — Dark  brown,  hairy,  arched.  I'ars  eeplialica  truncated 
in  front,  ascending,  segmental  groove  distinct  ;  ocular  area  broader  than 
long  ;  raised  ;  clypeiis  dull  grey,  sloping  forward,  narrow,  indented  at 
middle.  Pars  thoracica  retreating  posteriorly,  radial  grooves  distinct; 
thoracic  fovea  procurved  ;  marginal  band  slightly  reflexed,  thickly  fringed 
with  fine  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each;  front 
row  slightly  procurved,  the  rear  recurved  ;  front  lateral  eyes  lai'gest  of 
the  group,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ;  anterior  medians  smaller  than 
their  lateral  neighbours,  round,  separated  from  each  other  bj'  a  space 
equal  to  one-half  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each  again  from  its 
lateral  neighbour  by  about  the  same  space  ;  the  rear  laterals  are  also 
elliptical,  and  seated  obliquely,  each  just  touching  the  apex  of  its  anterior 
neighbour;  rear  medians  small  ;  widely  separated,  and  each  just  touching 
its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  91).  Legs. — Moderately  long,  concol- 
orous with  ce[)halothorax,  densely  clothed  with  long,  dark  brown  hairs, 
and  displajnng  naked  areas  ;  each  armed  with  long,  black  spines  ;  meta- 
tai'si  i.  and  ii,  partially  scopulated,  the  tarsi  fully  so  ;  relative  lengths  : 
4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Rather  long,  moderately  strong,  concolorous  with  legs, 
densely  hairy,  and  armed  with  black  spines  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — 
Well  projected,  strong,  thickly  clothed  with  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying 
naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  seven 
strong  teeth,  in  addition  to  which,  there  is  at  the  base,  an  intermediate 
group  of  four  very  minute  ones  ;  fang  long,  well  curved,  shining,  dark 
brown.  Ma.rilhv. — Dark  brown,  hairy,  heel  well  rounded,  and  thickly 
studded  with  small  spines ;  beard  reddish  gi'ey.  Lahiiiia. — Concolorous, 
submerged,    short,    broader    than    long,    sparingly    hairy,    apex     slightlj' 


144  _  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

excavated,  and  thickly  fringed  with  strong  bristles.  Sternum. ^—Somevfh&t 
pyriform,  concolorous  also,  arched,  hairy  ;  sigiUa  marginal.  Abdomen. — 
Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  dark  brown, 
densel}'  hairy.  Hjrinuerets. — Concoloroiis  with  abdomen,  hairy;  first  joint 
of  superior  pair  longest,  and  the  second  shortest;  inferior  spinners  short, 
cylindrical,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their 
individual  transverse  diameter. 

Obs. — The  specimen  from  Langhorne's  Creek  had  apparently  onlj' 
recently  cast  its  skin  ;   besides  this,  it  was  also  damaged. 

Hab. — Pichi  Richi,  and  Langhorne's  Creek,  South  Australia. 

Aname  gk'ANDis,  sp.  nov. 
(PI.  XV.,  fig.  25,  and  PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  92.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  12'5  mm.  long,  11-3  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  181 
mm.  long,  12-3  mm.  broad  (PI.  xv.,  fig.  25). 

CepJialothorcw. — Obovate,  moderatel}^  hairy,  mahogany  brown,  arched. 
Pars  ceplialica  ascending,  truncated  in  front,  where  it  is  furnished  with  a 
tuft  of  bristles  at  the  middle  ;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised,  black  ; 
clypeus  hyaline,  rather  broad,  sloping  steeply,  indented  at  middle.  Pars 
thoracica  retreating  posteriorly,  radial  grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  deep, 
moderately  procurved  ;  marginal  band  broad,  slightly  reflexed,  fringed 
with  rather  long,  fine,  grey  hairs.  Eye^. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of 
four  each,  compactly  grouped;  front  row  slightly  procurved,  the  rear 
recurved  ;  front  and  rear  lateral  eyes  of  equal  size,  elliptical,  seated 
obliquely,  their  points  just  touching;  front  median  eyes  round,  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  own  individual  diameter, 
and  again  from  their  lateral  neighbours  by  about  half  that  s{)ace  ;  rear 
intermediates  small,  elliptical,  widely  separated,  each  touching  its  lateral 
neighbour  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  92).  Leys. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax, 
strong,  tapering,  moderately  long,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  each 
armed  with  sti'ong  black  spines;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopnlated, 
the  tarsi  fully  so  ;  relative  lengths:  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Moderately  long, 
strong,  concolorous  with  legs,  hairj^  spined  ;  tarsi  scopnlated.  Falces. — 
Dark  bi'own,  projected  well  foi-ward,  clothed  with  fine  haii'S  and  coarse 
bristles,  and  displiiying  naked  areas  ;  inner  margin  of  the  furrow  of  each 
falx  armed  with  a  row  of  nine  strong  teeth,  in  addition  to  which  there  is 
an  intei-mediate  group  of  four  minute  ones  at  the  base  ;  fang  long,  black, 
shining,  well  curved.  Maxilla'. — Yellowish,  clothed  with  long  hairs,  heel 
well  rounded  and  thickly  studded  with  small  spines  ;  beard  reddish. 
Labium. — Concolorous,  submerged,  moderately  hairy,  arched,  short,  and 
fringed  with  bristles.  Slernnm. — Concolorous  also,  moderatel}'  hair^', 
shield-shaped,  arched  ;  sigilla  marginal.  Abdo)iieii. — Obovate,  arched, 
hairj^  slightly  projecting  over  base  of  cephalothorax,  yellow-brown,  with 
a  daik  biown  median  area  extending  on  its  upper  sui-face  from  anterior 
extremity  towai'ds  the  spinneiets.  Spin)ierets. — Yellowish,  hairy  ;  superioi- 
pair  tapering  and  having  their  fii-st  and  second  joints  of  equal  length  and 
the  third  joint  the  longest ;  inferior  spinners  short,  narrowest  at  base,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  theii'  apical  transverse 
diametei'. 


AUSTRALIAN  TIUr-DOOlJ  SI'IDEliS UAIXIIOW  AND   I'UIJ-KINE.  145 

0?*.s'. — Two  specimens  of  tliis  fine  spider  were  collected  at  Piclii  Richi 
and  one  at  Woolshed  Flat.  Of  the  formei  one  is  fnlly  matured,  and  the 
other  nearly  so.      The  latter  are  somewhat  ligliter  in  colour  than  the  tyi)e. 

jjah. — Pichi  Richi  and  Woolshed  Flat,  South  Australia. 

Anamk   aUrka,   up.  UUV. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  93.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  104  mm.  long,  82  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  13"4 
mm.  long,  8"2  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  yellow,  shining,  sparingly  clothed  with 
yellow,  adpressed  hairs.  Pars  cephalica  ascending,  high,  sides  somewhat 
declivous,  truncated  in  front,  where  there  is  at  the  middle  a  cluster  of 
short  black  bristles  ;  segmental  groove  distinct ;  ocular  area  raised, 
broader  than  long,  yellow,  but  black  at  the  summit  ;  clypeus  hyaline, 
moderately  broad,  sloping  forward,  indented  at  the  middle.  Pars  thoracica 
retreating  rearwards,  radial  grooves  distinct;  thoracic  fovea  procurved  ; 
marginal  hand  thickly  fringed  with  fine  hairs.  Eye>i. — Distributed  over 
two  rows  of  four  each  ;  front  row  slightly  procurved,  the  rear  recurved  ; 
anterior  laterals  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  and  distinctly  the  largest 
of  the  gi'onp  ;  anterior  medians  round,  separated  from  each  other  by 
a  space  equal  to  one-half  their  individual  diameter,  and  each  again  from 
its  lateral  neighbour  by  about  one-half  that  distance ;  rear  laterals 
considerably  smaller  than  their  anterior  lateral  neighbours  which  they 
touch,  elliptical,  poised  obliquely;  rear  medians  minute,  widely  separated, 
elliptical  also,  each  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  93). 
Legs. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  moderately  long  and  strong, 
clothed  with  long,  fine  black  hairs,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  armed 
with  short  black  spines;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  pai-tially  scopulated,  the 
tarsi  wholly  so  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. —  Similar  in  colour, 
clothing  and  armature  of  legs  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — Orange-red, 
projected  well  forward,  thinly  clothed  with  fine  yellowish  hairs  and  long, 
strong,  black  bristles  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed 
with  a  row  of  twelve  strong  teeth,  in  addition  to  which  there  is  au 
intermediate  series  of  four  minute  ones  at  the  base ;  fang  long,  dark 
brown,  shining,  well  curved.  Maxilla. — Yellow,  arched,  clothed  with 
long,  black  hairs,  heel  well  rounded  and  thickly  studded  with  small, 
black  spines.  Lahivju. — Concolorous,  small,  broader  than  long,  arched, 
submerged,  sparingly  clothed  with  moderately  long,  stiff  black  hairs  ; 
apex  gently  rounded,  fringed  with  coarse  bristles.  Slernnm. — Concolorous 
also,  shield-shaped,  rather  flat,  surface  sparingly  clothed  with  short, 
stiff  black  bristles,  and  the  margins  fringed  with  long  black  ones;  sigilla 
marginal,  orange-red,  the  posterior  pair  elongate  and  narrow.  Abdomen. — 
Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  arched,  yellow,  and 
clothed  with  fine  yellowish  hairs.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy,  superior 
pair  tapering,  the  first  joint  longest,  and  the  secojid  shortest;  inferior 
spinners  cylindrical,  and  separated  from  each  othei-  by  a  space  equal  to 
once  their  individual  transverse  diameter. 


146  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

Obs. — Four  fnlly  matured  females,  collected  by  Dr.  McGillivray. 
A.  aiirea  is  a  very  distinct  form,  and  is  easily  distinguished  by  its  colour, 
the  smalliiess  of  its  rear  lateral  and  median  eyes,  and  the  form  of  its 
posterior  sternal  sigilla. 

iTafc.— Broken  Hill,  New  South  Wales. 

Aname  flavomaculata,  sp.  nnv. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  94.) 

$.  Cephalothorax,  10"2  mm.  long,  8"2  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  13"6 
mm.  long,  8*2  mm.  broad. 

Ceplialotliorax. — Obovate,  shining,  dark  mahogany  brown,  arched, 
sparingly  clothed  with  short,  adpressed  hairs.  Pars  ceplialica  high, 
ascending,  truncated  in  front,  sides  somewhat  declivous,  segmental  groove 
distinct;  ocular  area  raised,  broader  than  long;  clypeus  not  broad,  sloping 
gently  forward,  dark  brown  with  a  small  yellowish  patch  at  the  middle, 
where  there  is  also  a  tuft  of  stiff  bri.stles.  Fars  thoracica  broad,  radial 
grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  marginal  hand  slightly 
reflexed,  sparingly  fringed  with  fine  yellowish  haiis.  Eyes. — Distributed 
over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  the  front  row  siightlj'  procurved,  and  the 
rear  decidedly  recurved  ;  eyes  of  front  row  large  ;  anterior  latei'als  lai-gest 
of  the  group,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ;  anterior  medians  round, 
separated  from  each  other  bj'-  a  space  equal  to  about  one-half  their 
individual  diameter,  and  each  again  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  about 
one-half  that  space  ;  rear  lateral  eyes  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  each 
just  touching  its  anterior  lateral  neighbour  ;  rear  medians  widely 
separated,  elliptical,  smallest  of  the  group,  each  touching  its  lateral 
neighbour  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  94).  Legs. — Moderately  long  and  strong, 
tapering,  reddish-brown,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  each  armed 
with  strong  spines  ;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopulated,  the  tarsi 
wholly  so;  relative  lengths  :  4,1,2,3.  Falpi. — Long,  moderatel}'  strong, 
simiUir  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs  ;  tarsi  scopulated. 
Falces. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  projected  well  forward,  clothed 
with  fine  hairs  and  long,  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ; 
inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  ten  strong 
teeth,  in  addition  to  which  there  is  an  intei-mediate  series  of  six  minute 
ones  at  the  base  ;  fang  long,  well  curved,  black,  shining.  Ma.cilhv. — 
Reddish-brown,  inner  angle  yellowish,  arched,  hairy,  heel  well  rounded, 
and  thickly  studded  with  short  spines  ;  beard  reddish.  Jjahinni. — 
Concolorous  also,  arched,  short,  broader  than  hnig,  submerged,  apex 
excavated  and  fiinged  with  black  bristles.  Sterniini. — Concolorous  also, 
shield-shaped,  slightly  arched,  clothed  with  moderately  long  stiff  black 
hairs;  sigilla  marginal'.  Abdomen. — Oval,  slightly  overhanging  base  of 
cephalothorax,  arched,  superior  surface  and  sides  brown,  spotted  with 
yellow,  densely  clothed  with  yellowish  ])ile,  and  having  in  addition  a 
number  of  shoi't,  black  bristles,  at  anterior  extremity;  area  above  and 
at  sides  of  spinnerets  yellow  ;  infei'ior  surface  dark  brown,  spotted  with 
yellow  ;   pulmonai'y  sacs  yellow ;    chitiiious  plate  in  front  of  rinia  epigasteris 


ArSTlJAl.IAN    I  IwM'-lxtdl;   sni>KiJS l;AIM!(nV  AMI   ITLLKINK.  147 

clothed  with  hue  yellowish  liaiis  aiul'  long,  black  bristles,  brownish 
3'ellow  at  the  middle,  and  pale  yellow  laterally  ;  in  t'l-ont  the  plate  is 
acuminate,  and  creamy  yellow.  Spiinien'ts. — Superior  pair  tapering, 
hairy,  dark  brown,  apices  of  first  and  second  joints  yellow  ;  second  joint 
shortest,  and  the  third  slightly  the  longest;  inferior  spinners  somewhat 
club-shaped,  hairy,  dark  brown,  inner  angles  yellow  ;  the}^  aie  separated 
from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  theii'  individual  transverse 
diameter. 

Ohf. — Two  female  examples,  one  of  which  is   mature  and   the  other 
half-grown.      Field  note  reads:   "No  door." 

Hah. — Tambourine  Mountain,  Queensland  (October  6th,  1912). 
Aname    NEBULOSA,  Sp.  IIOV. 

{?\.  xxiii.,  figs.  95,  96,  97  and  98.) 

cT.     Cephalothorax,    5  6   mm.    long,    i-i  mm.   broad;    abdomen,  5'1 
mm.  long,  32  mm.  broad. 

Cejjlialothorax. — Obovate,  yellowish,  clothed  with  dark  brown  hairs, 
which  latter  impart  a  smoky  appearance,  arched.  Pars  cephalica. — 
Ascending,  truncated  in  front,  segmental  groove  distinct,  the  groove  and 
frontal  area  smoky  ;  octilar  area  broader  than  long,  raised  ;  clijpeus  narrow, 
pale,  not  sloping.  Pars  thoracica  broad,  sides  curved,  posterior  angle 
narrow,  radial  grooves  smok}'^  yellow,  distinct  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  very 
slightly  procurved  ;  Diarginal  hand  moderately  broad,  smoky  yellow, 
fringed  with  long  black  hairs.  Eijes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four 
each;  front  row  procurved,  the  rear  recurved;  e3'es  of  front  row  large; 
anterior  laterals  elliptical  and  poised  obliquely;  anterior  medians  round, 
and  largest  of  the  sei'ies  ;  space  between  each  eye  of  the  front  row 
sensibly  less  than  one-half  the  individual  diameter  of  one  of  the  median 
anterior  eyes  ;  rear  side  eyes  rather  smaller  than  their  anterior  lateral 
neighbours;  points  of  anterior  and  rear  lateral  eyes  just  meet;  rear 
intermediates  small,  widely  separated,  each  touching  its  lateral  neighbour 
(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  95).  Legs. — Long,  not  strong,  tapering,  yellow,  hairy, 
but  displaying  narrow  naked  areas,  each  well  armed  with  long,  dark 
spines;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopulated,  the  rear  fully  so;  no 
apophysis  present  on  tibia  i.  ;  relative  lengths:  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palj)i. — 
Moderately  long,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs,  and  armed  with 
short,  weak  spines;  tarsal  joint  scopulated;  bulb  pyriform,  bilobed, 
twisted,  yellow,  shining  and  terminating  in  a  short,  blunt  style;  no 
apophj'sis  present  (Pi.  xxiii.,  fig.  96).  Falces. — Short,  not  strong,  smoky 
yellow,  projecting,  clothed  with  short  fine  hairs  and  coarse  bristles,  but 
displaying  naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed 
with  several  moderately  strong  teeth.  Maxilla'. — Yellow,  arched,  hairy, 
heel  well  rounded,  near  which  latter  there  is  a  small  cluster  of  microscopic 
spines  ;  beard  yellow.  Lahiuui. — Concolorous,  arched,  short,  much 
broader  than  long,  narrowest  at  apex,  Avhich  latter  is  gently  rounded 
and  fringed  with  long  black  bristles  ;  a  few  hairs  are  scattered  over  the 
surface ;     two   or   three    small    spines    are   also    present    near    the    apex. 


148  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEDM. 

Sternum. — Concolorous  also,  elongate,  broadest  between  second  and  third 
pairs  of  coxfe,  moderately  arched,  hairy  ;  sigilla  marginal.  Ahdometi. — 
Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  yellow, 
with  undefined  smoky  areas,  densely  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Spinnerets. — 
Yellow,  hairy,  superior  pair  long,  tapering,  second  joint  shortest ;  inferior 
pair  very  short,  and  close  together. 

Ohs. — One  male. 

Hat.— Mallala,  South  Australia  (March  23,  1905). 

$.  Cephalothorax,  8"8  mm.  long,  6"1  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  14'4 
mm.  long,  83  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  arched,  smoky  yellow,  pilose.  Pars  cephalica 
ascending,  moderately  high,  truncated  in  front,  where  there  is  a  tuft  of 
black  bristles  at  the  middle,  thoracic  grooves  distinct ;  ocular  area  broader 
than  long,  slightly  raised  ;  ch/peus  narrow,  lij'aline,  sloping  forward, 
slightly  indented  at  middle.  Pars  thoracica  very  gently  retreating  to- 
wards posterior  angle,  which  latter  is  deeply  indented,  i-adial  grooves 
distinct;  thoracic  fovea  procurved,  deep;  marginal  hand  pallid,  fringed 
with  moderately  long  dark  hairs.  Eyes. — Disposed  similarly  to  male ; 
th,e  posterior  laterals  are,  however,  as  large  as  their  anteriors  (PI.  xxiii., 
fig.  97).  Legs. — Moderately  long,  yellow,  clothed  with  dark  brown 
hairs,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  each  armed  with  short  stiff  spines  ; 
metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopulated,  the  tarsi  wholly  so  ;  relative 
lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Moderately  long,  not  strong,  similar  in 
colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — Dark 
brown,  projected,  strong,  moderately  long,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  and 
coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of 
each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  ten  strong  teeth  ;  fang  long,  dark  brown, 
shining,  well  curved.  Maxillce. — Yellow,  hairy,  arched,  heel  well 
rounded  ;  above  the  latter  there  is  a  cluster  of  small  spines  ;  beard 
reddish.  Labium. — Concolorous,  short,  bi'oader  than  long,  well  arched, 
submerged,  hairy,  and  furnished  near  apex  with  two  or  three  small 
spines;  apex  slightly  excavated,  fi'inged  with  stiff  bristles.  Sternum. — 
Concolorous  also,  somewhat  shield-shaped,  arched,  clothed  with  black 
bristles ;  i?igilla  marginal.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  arched,  slightly  over- 
hanging base  of  ce})lialothorax,  clothed  with  fine  down}'  hairs  ;  superior 
surface  yellow,  mottled  with  dark  chocolate-brown,  the  latter  forming  a 
defined  median  design  with  latei'al  maikings  ;  sides  3'ellow,  mottled 
moderately  with  dark  brown  ;  inferior  surface  yellow  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  98). 
Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy  ;  superior  spinners  I'ather  long,  ta])ering,  fii'st 
and  third  joints  of  about  equal  length,  the  second  shortest;  inferior 
spinners  veiy  short,  and  quite  close  together. 

Ohs. — The  number  of  spines  on  the  lip  varies  in  different  individuals 
of  this  species;  in  some  there  are  thi-ee  or  four,  in  others  two,  whilst  in 
one  exam|)le  before  me  onl}'^  one  is  discernable.  In  some  examples  the 
abdominal  pattern  is  more  distinct  than  m  others. 

Hah. — Mallala,  Aldgate,  Tea  Gardens  (foot  of  Hills  near  Adelaide, 
November  4,  1917),  Meningal  (July,  1917),  Scott's  Creek,  South  Australia. 


AU-STIJALIAX    rivAl'-HOdi;   SI'IDKKS liAIN'ltOW  AN'li   I'UI.I-KINE.  149 

AnAMK   liKCORA,  .s'^).   imp. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  tigs.  99,  100  and  101.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  102  mm.  loiif^,  78  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen  10'4 
mm.  long,  6"7  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. —  Elongate,  obovate,  yellow,  sparingly  clothed  with 
very  fine,  pale  yellowish  hairs.  Furs  ceplndlcu  ascending,  moderately  high, 
truncated  in  front,  segmental  groove  distinct  ;  ocular  area  broader  than 
long,  raised,  nearly  black  at  summit;  cli/petis  hyaline,  moderately  broad, 
steep,  slightly  excavated  at  middle.  I'ars  thoracica  retreating,  posterior 
angle  indented,  radial  grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ; 
marginal  band  fringed  with  fine  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows 
of  four  each  ;  front  row  procurved,  the  rear  recurved  ;  anterior  and  rear 
side  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  of  equal  size,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ; 
anterior  medians  round,  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to 
once  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each  again  from  its  lateral  neigh- 
bour by  about  one-half  that  space  ;  rear  laterals  widely  removed,  elliptical, 
each  slightly  smaller  than  its  lateral  neighbour  which  it  touches  (Pi.  xxiii., 
fig.  99).  Legs.  —  Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  moderately  long, 
tapering,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas;  each  armed  with  moderately 
long  spines;  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopulated.  Falpi. — 
Moderately  long,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs  ;  tarsi 
scopulated.  Falces. — Dark  brown,  projecting,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  and 
long,  coarse  bristles  ;  inner  margin  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with 
a  row  of  ten  strong  teeth  ;  famj  dark  brown,  shining,  well  curved.  Max- 
illcv. — Arched,  hairy,  yellow,  inner  angle  cream-yellow,  and  fringed  with 
a  reddish  beard,  heel  well  rounded  ;  at  the  excavated  angle  above  the 
latter  there  is  a  cluster  of  small  spines.  Labium. — Similar  in  colour  and 
clothing  to  the  maxillae,  submerged,  short,  broader  than  long;  near  the 
apex,  which  is  slightly  excavated,  there  are  three  small  spines.  Sternum. 
— Elongate,  somewhat  shield-shaped,  yellow,  ai-clied,  clothed  with  bristly 
hairs,  and  terminating  just  between  fourth  pair  of  coxae  in  an  obtuse 
point ;  sigilla  marginal.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging 
base  of  cephalothorax,  clothed  with  fine,  short  hairs;  superior  surface 
yellow  with  chocolate  brown  spots  and  median  and  lateral  markings,  the 
latter  broken  and  forming  a  rather  prominent,  though  undefined  pattern 
(Pi.  xxiii.,  fig.  101)  ;  sides  yellow  with  chocolate  brown  spots  ;  inferior 
surface  ochreous  yellow  with  a  few  chocolate  brown  spots  and  concolorous 
median  and  lateral  markings;  pulmonary  sacs  yellow;  chitinous  plate 
immediately  in  front  of  riina  epigasteris  shining,  yellow,  hairy,  uneven, 
strongly  arched  at  middle  and  compressed  latei'ally.  Spinnerets. — Yellow, 
hairy ;  superior  pair  tapering ;  first  and  third  joints  of  equal  length, 
second  joint  shortest ;  inferior  spinners  short,  narrowest  at  the  base,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  eqnal  to  once  their  individual 
transverse  diameter. 

Obs. — This  species  presents  another  instance  in  which  ocular  mal- 
formation occurs  and  again,  as  in  the  case  of  A.  hirsnta  (ante,  p.  142),  the 
right  side  is  affected,  but  in  an  example  now  under  study,  the  rear  laterals 


150  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MDSEUM. 

and  rear  median  eyes  have  coalesced,  and  so  form  one  large,  somewhat 
uniform  eye.  The  front  row  of  eyes  is  perfectly  normal,  and  the  ce{)hal- 
otliorax  is  not  injured  in  any  way    (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  100). 

Hah. — Clifton  Gardens,  Sydney,  New  South  Wales. 

AnAME    AKiMKiEKA,    sp.   IWV. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  figs.  102  and  103.) 

9-  Cephalothorax,  8*8  mm.  long,  7"3  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  9 
mm.  long,  6'2  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  arched,  yellow,  moderatel}'  clothed  with 
fine,  short  pale  yellowish  hairs.  Fars  cephalica  ascending,  truncated  in 
front  where  it  is  furnished  at  the  middle  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  black 
bristles,  sides  compressed,  somewhat  declivous,  segmental  gi'oove  distinct ; 
ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised  ;  dypeus  narrow,  hyaline,  slightly 
excavated  at  middle.  Pars  thoracica  br"oad,  radial  grooves  moderately 
distinct;  thoracic  fovea  profound,  slightly  procurved  ;  marginal  baud  pale, 
broad,  fringed  with  dark,  moderately  strong  bristles.  Eyes. — Distributed 
over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row  being  procurved,  and  the  rear 
recui'ved ;  fi'ont  laterals  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical  and  poised 
obliquely  ;  front  medians  round,  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space 
equal  to  one-half  their  individual  diameter,  and  each  again  from  its 
lateral  neighbour  by  about  the  same  space  ;  posterior  lateral  eyes  smaller 
than  their  anterior  lateral  neighbours  which  they  just  touch,  elliptical, 
and  poised  obliquely  ;  rear  medians  smallest  of  the  group,  widel}-  separated, 
elliptical  also,  each  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  102). 
Legs. — Moderately  long  and  strong,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax, 
clothed  with  short,  fine  yellowish  hairs  and  long  coarse  black  bristles, 
but  displaying  naked  areas ;  each  well  ai-med  with  long  sti'ong  black 
spines,  those  on  tibial  and  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  being  the  most  numerous, 
and  the  longest  and  strongest  ;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopulated, 
the  tarsi  fully  so  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  8.  J'alpii. — Moderately  long 
and  strong,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs,  and  armed  with 
long,  strong,  black  spines  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falr.es. — Concolorous  with 
cephalothorax,  long,  strong,  arched,  projected  well  forward,  clothed 
with  short,  fine,  silky  pubescence  and  coarse,  black  bristles,  but  displaying 
naked  areas ;  the  upper  inner  angle  of  eacVi  falx  is  armed  with  moderately 
loiig  and  strong  black  spines  similar  to  those  on  the  legs  (PI.  xxiii., 
fig.  103)  ;  inner  lidge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of 
seven  strong  teeth,  in  addition  to  which  there  is  also  present  at  tlie  base 
an  intermediate  series  of  five  mici'oscopic  teeth  ;  fang  long,  dark  brown, 
shining,  well  curved.  Maxilla'. — Clay  yellow,  surface  rather  ttal,  clothed 
with  long,  dark  hairs  and  bristles,  heel  well  rounded,  base  thickly  studded 
with  small  spines,  beard  yellowish.  Labi  ion. — Short,  free  concolorous, 
submerged,  broader  than  long,  arched,  clothed  with  a  few  long  black 
bristles,  apex  slightly  excavated,  and  fringed  with  black  bi-istles  ;  near 
apex  thei-e  are  three  small  spines.  Stcrnnni. — Concolorous  also,  broad, 
rather  flat,  well  clothed  with  black  bristles,  of  which  the  marginal  ones 
are  much  the  longest  and  strongest;   sigilla    ncil    distinct,  small,  niarginal. 


ArsTiui.iAN  ti;ai'-ih)(ii;  simukhs — kainhow  and  ruLi>KiXK.  151 

Ahilomeu. — Obdvate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothor-a.v, 
hairy,  and  I'm-nished  in  front  with  a  few  i-athei-  long,  black  bj'istles  ; 
superior  surface  yellow,  mottled  with  dark  bi-own,  but  displaying  no 
design;  sides  and  inferior  surface  yellow,  densely  clothed  with  a  mixture 
of  tine  yellow  and  rather  long  and  stiif  dark  brown  hairs;  pulvionary  sues 
and  chitinous  plate  in  front  of  rlma  epigasteris  yellow,  shining,  and 
clothed  with  stiff  black  hairs  ;  two  si  g  ill  a  present  on  chitinous  plate. 
Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy  ;  superior  pair  tapering,  second  joint  shortest ; 
inferior  spinnei\s  cylindrical,  nearly  as  long  as  basal  joint  of  superior 
pair,  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  once  their  own 
individual  transverse  diameter. 

Hah. — Mnllawa,  West  Australia,  collected  by  Miss  F.  May. 

Aname  maculata,  sp).  new. 
(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  104.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  7-3  mm.  long,  6-2  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  10-5  mm. 
long,  7 '4  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  yellow,  arched,  clothed  with  fine  yellowi.sh 
pubescence.  Fars  cephalica  ascending  gently,  not  high,  truncated  in  front, 
furnished  at  middle  with  a  tuft  of  black  bristles,  segmental  groove  distinct ; 
ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised,  summit  black  ;  chjpeiis  narrow, 
hyaline.  Pars  thoracica  rather  broad,  uneven,  radial  grooves  almost  com- 
pletely obscured  by  the  dense  clotliing  of  pile  ;  thoracic  fovea  very  slightly 
procurved  ;  iiiargiiiid  hand  slightly  reflexed,  and  fringed  with  verj'  fine 
hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  front  row  slightly 
procurved  and  the  rear  recurved  ;  front  laterals  elliptical  and  poised 
obliquely,  slightly  larger  than  their  rear  lateral  neighbours  which  are  also 
elliptical  and  poised  obliquely,  and  which  they  just  touch  ;  anterior 
medians  largest  of  the  group,  round,  sepai^ated  from  each  other  by  a  space 
equal  to  about  three-quarters  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each 
again  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  less  than  one-half  the  diameter  of  one 
of  the  anterior  median  eyes  ;  rear  intermediate  eyes  smallest  of  the  group, 
widely  separated  from  each  other,  each  just  touching  its  lateral  neighbour 
(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  104).  Legs. — Modei'ately  long,  not  strong,  tapering,  yellow, 
hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas,  armed  with  long,  black  spines,  those  on 
tibiae,  and  metatarsi  iii.  and  iv.  being  the  strongest  and  most  numerous  ; 
metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  partially  scopulated,  the  tarsi  full}^  so ;  relative 
lengths  :  1,4,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Moderately  long,  strong,  similar  in  colour 
and  clothing  to  legs,  and  armed  with  strong  spines  ;  tarsi  scopulated. 
Falces. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  projected  well  forward,  clothed 
with  fine  hairs  and  long  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  inner 
ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  nine  strong  teeth,  in  addition 
to  which  there  is  at  the  base,  an  intermediate  series  of  four  minute  ones  ; 
fang  long,  well  curved,  reddish  brown,  shining.  Ma.rilla'. — Yellow,  arched, 
hairy,  furnished  at  base  with  a  dense  cluster  of  small  spines,  heel  well 
rounded.  Lahiuin. — Concolorous,  modei'ately  hairy,  short,  broader  than 
long,  apex  very  slightly  excavated.  Ster)iitm. — Concolorous  also,  somewhat 
shield-shaped,  arched,  hairy,  angles  fringed  with  long,  black  bristles; 
sigiJla  not  distinct,  small,  marginal.     Ahdomen. — Obovate,  arclied,  slightly 


152  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

overhanging  base  of  ceplialothorax,  clothed  with  shoi't,  fine  hairs  ;  superior 
surface  and  sides  dark  brown,  mottled  with  pale  yellow  spots  ;  inferior 
surface  hairy,  yellow,  flecked  with  irregular  clusters  of  brown  spots  in  front 
of  spinnerets.  S/iiiiiierets. — Yellow,  hairy  ;  superior  pair  elongate,  tapering, 
second  joint  shortest,  first  and  third  of  equal  length  ;  inferior  spinners 
cylindrical,  close  together,  and  about  one-half  the  length  of  joint  i.  of 
superior  spinners. 

Obs. — Collector's  note  :   "  No  door  to  burrow  ;  spun  across  with  web." 
Hab. — Jarrahdale  Road,  Armadale,  West  Australia  (May  26,  1912). 

AnAME  CCENOSA,  Sj).  710V. 

(PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  105.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  7 '5  mm.  long,  6"4-  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  10'9 
mm.  long,  7"5  mm.  broad. 

C ephalothorax. — Obovate,  yellow-bi'own,  arched,  furnished  with  a  few 
scattered,  fine,  yellowish  hairs.  Furs  cepludica  not  very  high,  ascending 
gently,  smooth,  pencilled  with  dark  brown  down  the  middle,  segmental 
groove  distinct ;  ocular  area  raised,  broader  than  long,  dark  brown  ;  chjpens 
nan'ow,  hyaline,  and  furnished  at  the  middle  with  a  tuft  of  black  bristles. 
Pars  thoracica  broad,  uneven,  radial  grooves  profound;  thoracic  fovea  deep, 
procurved  ;  marginal  band  slightly  reflexed,  fringed  with  fine  j-ellowish 
hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each ;  front  row  very 
slightly  procurved,  the  rear  recurved  ;  front  and  rear  laterals  toucliing 
each  other,  elliptical  and  obliquely  poised  ;  of  these  the  former  is  slightly 
the  largest  ;  anterior  median  eyes  large,  round,  separated  fi'om  each  other 
by  a  space  equal  to  about  one-half  their  individual  diameter,  and  each 
again  from  its  latei-al  neighbour  by  about  the  same  space  ;  rear  medians 
very  small,  elliptical,  widely  removed,  each  just  touching  its  lateral  neigh- 
bour (PI.  xxiii.,  fig.  105).  Legs. — Yellow,  tapering,  not  strong,  hairy,  but 
displaying  naked  areas,  each  armed  with  strong  sjnnes,  those  on  tibia^  iii. 
and  iv.  being  the  longest  and  strongest  ;  scopnlation  normal ;  relative 
lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Faljii. — Moderately  long,  similar  in  colour  and 
clothing  to  legs,  armed  with  strong  spines ;  tai'si  scopulated.  F((lces. — 
Concolorous  with  cephalothoi'ax,  strong,  moderately  projected,  clothed 
with  tine  hairs  and  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  extensive  naked  areas  ; 
inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  nine  strong  teeth  ;  fang 
long,  well  curved,  shining,  reddish  brown.  Ma.vilhv. — Yellow,  hairy,  arched, 
heel  well  i^ouuded,  and  furnished  with  a  few  small  spines.  Labium. — Concol- 
oi'ous,  short,  broader  than  long,  arched,  hairy,  apex  excavated,  and  fringed 
with  bristles.  Sternuvi. — Concolorous  also,  broad,  shield  shaped,  rather 
flat,  clothed  with  long,  dark  bristles;  sigilla  marginal.  Ahdoiiieu. — Obovate, 
arched,  hairy,  slightly  ovei'hanging  base  of  cephalothorax  ;  superior  surface 
and  sides  dark  brown,  mottled  with  dull  yellow  spots;  inferior  surface 
yellow-brown.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy  ;  superior  pair  not  very  long, 
rather  widelj'  apart,  tapering,  second  joint  shoitest ;  inferior  pair  very 
short,  about  twice  their  individual  diameter  apart. 

Hall. — Little  Kalkabnry,Yorke  Peninsula,  South  Australia  (September, 
1907). 


AUSTRALIAN  TIUP-DOOR  SPIDKHS — IJ.MN'HOW  AN'H   I'L'I.LRINE.  153 

AnAMK    KrSC(^CINCTA,    Sji.  UOV. 

(PI.  xxiv.,  tig.  10(i.) 

9.      Cephalotlioiux,    71-    mm.    long,    5*6   mm.    broad;     ubdomeii,   7'4 
mm.  long,  4"6  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothora.v. — Obovate,  yellow-brown,  arclied, sparingly  clotlied  witli 
fine  yellowisli  hairs.  I'ltrs  ci-phalica  ascending,  moderately  liigli,  truncated 
in  front  where  it  is  furnished  at  the  middle  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles, 
thoracic  groove  distinct ;  ocular  area  raised,  black,  broader  than  long  ; 
fJijpeux  broad,  hyaline,  deeply  indented  at  middle.  Pars  thoracica  uneven, 
radial  grooves  profound;  thoracic  forea  deep,  procurved  ;  viarfjhKil  hand 
broad,  reflexed,  dark  brown,  finnged  with  ratlier  long,  yellowish  hairs. 
JiJybs. — Distribnted  over  two  rows  of  four  eacli  ;  front  row  procurved,  the 
rear  recurved  ;  anterior  median  eyes  round,  largest  of  the  series,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  one-half  their  own 
individual  diameter,  and  each  again  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  about 
one-half  that  space  ;  front  and  rear  lateral  eyes  elliptical,  obliquely 
poised,  and  just  touching  each  other  ;  front  laterals  rather  larger  than 
their  rear  neighbours  ;  rear  median  eyes  widely  removed,  smallest  of  the 
group,  somewhat  elliptical,  obliquely  poised,  each  just  touching  its 
lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  106).  Legs. — Concolorous  with  cephalo- 
thoi'ax,  moderately  long,  tapering,  not  strong,  hairy,  but  displaying 
naked  areas,  spines  rather  long,  but  weak  ;  scopulation  of  metatarsi  and 
tarsi  i.  and  ii.  normal  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  ?>.  Ful^ii. — Moderately 
long,  not  strong,  similar  in  colour  and  clothiixg  to  legs;  tibial  spines 
strong  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. —  Concolorous  with  cephalothorax, 
projected  well  forward,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  and  coarse  bristles  ;  inner 
ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  ten  strong  teeth,  in 
addition  to  which  there  is  at  the  base  an  intermediate  series  of  six 
minute  ones  ;  fang  long,  dark  brown,  shining,  well  curved.  Maxilhp. — 
Yellow,  arched,  hairy,  heel  well  rounded,  and  thickly  studded  with 
small  spines.  Labium. — Concolorous,  short,  broader  than  long,  arched, 
submerged,  surface  furnished  with  a  few  bristles,  apex  slightly 
excavated,  and  fringed  with  bristles.  Steriiuni. — Concolorous  also,  shield- 
shaped,  arched,  moderatelj^  clothed  with  black  bristles;  .>*/(/(7/(t  marginal. 
Abdomen. — Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax, 
densely  clothed  with  long  hairs  ;  superior  surface  dark  brown,  the  sides 
yellow-brown ;  inferior  surface  yellow.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy  ; 
superior  pair  rather  long,  tapering,  the  first  joint  longest  and  the  second 
shortest  ;  inferior  spinners  cylindrical,  nearly  as  long  as  basal  joint  of 
superior  spinnerets,  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once 
their  individual  transverse  diameter. 

Obs. — Collector's    note:     "Open   tube;    thickly  lined  with   web,  not 
carried  above  the  surface.     Tube  4  in.  deep." 

Hah. — Kalamunda,  near  Perth,  West  Australia  (May  17,  1912). 

Aname    PULCHKA,   Sp.  nov. 
(PI.  xxiv.,  figs.  107  and  108.) 
(J.     Cephalothorax,  7'5  mm.  long,  6  mm.  broad;    abdomen,   58  mm. 
long,  3-8  mm.  bi'oad. 


154  BECOHDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  arched,  dark  brown,  densely  clothed  with 
pale  yellowish  pile.  Pars  cephalica  very  gently  ascending,  not  high, 
truncated  in  front,  sides  I'ather  declivous,  segmental  groove  almost  hidden 
by  the  dense  pile  with  which  the  carapace  is  clothed  ;  ocular  area  raised, 
broader  than  long,  furnished  in  front  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles ;  diipeus 
pallid,  narrow.  Pars  thoracica  broad,  radial  grooves  almost  hidden  by 
thick  pile;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  straight;  marginal  band  fringed  with 
rather  long,  fine  yellowish  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of 
four  each  ;  front  row  strongly  procurved,  the  rear  recurved  ;  front 
median  eyes  round,  largest  of  the  group,  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
space  equal  to  about  one- third  their  own  individual  diametei",  and  each 
again  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  about  half  a  diameter ;  anterior  and 
posterior  lateral  e^'es  slightly  elliptical  and  poised  obliquely  ;  of  these 
the  rear  lateral  eyes  ai'e  the  smallest ;  side  eyes  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  the  diameter  of  one  of  the  rear  lateral 
eyes  ;  rear  median  eyes  minute,  each  in  close  juxtaposition  to  a  front 
anterior  and  a  rear  lateral  eye  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  107).  Legs. — Long,  taper- 
ing, not  strong,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  hairy,  but  showing 
naked  areas,  and  armed  with  spines  of  which  those  on  tibife  and  metatarsi 
iii.  and  iv.  are  the  longest  and  strongest  ;  scopulatioii  normal ;  no 
apophysis  present  on  tibia  i.  ;  relative  lengths :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — 
Moderately  long,  not  strong,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs ; 
tarsal  joint  short,  scopulated ;  bulb  dark  brown,  shining,  pyriform, 
bilobed,  and  terminating  in  a  moderately  long,  pointed  style  ;  tibial  joint 
furnished  with  spined  apophysis  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  108).  Falces. — Dark 
brown,  slightly  projected,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas ;  several 
moderately  strong  teeth  on  the  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each 
falx  ;  fang  reddish  brown,  shining.  Ma.vlllce. — Yellow,  arched,  heel  well 
rounded.  Lahiuni. — Concoloi'ous,  arched,  moderately  hairy,  broader  than 
long,  submerged,  apex  gently  excavated,  and  fringed  with  bristles. 
Sternum. — Concolorous  also,  elongate,  shield-shaped,  rather  flat,  haiiy  ; 
sigilla  small,  marginal.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base 
of  cephalothorax,  densely  clothed  with  long  brown  and  yellowish  hairs  ; 
superior  surface  dark  brown,  i^elieved  hj  an  interrupted  median  narrow 
longitudinal  yellow  band  and  transverse  lateral  yellow  bars,  the  two  broadest 
of  which  are  at  the  middle ;  the  longitudinal  band  and  transverse 
bars  spotted  with  dark  brown  ;  inferior  surface  chrome  yellow,  tinged 
in  places  with  bi^own.  Spinnerets. — Pale  yellow,  hairy  ;  basal  joint  of 
superior  pair  longest,  the  terminal  ver^'  short  and  dome-shaped  ;  inferior 
spinners  minute,  close  together. 

Obs. — Collector's  note  I'eads :  "  Under  log,  with  burrow  covered  by 
simple  web." 

tjab. — Tambourine  Mountain,  Queensland  (October,  1912). 

AnAMK    RUliUS'lA,    sp.  nov. 

(PI.  xxiv.,  tig.  109.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  12'2  mm.  h)ng,  Ho  nun.  hrDud  ;  abdomen,  125 
mm.  long,  6-S  mm.  broad, 


AUSTUALIAN  TUAI'-Dooi;   Sril'KUS KAINBOW  AND   I'lUJ.KlNK.  155 

Ceji/udothoru.f. — Obovate,  broad,  arclied,  yellow,  veiy  sparingly 
clothed  with  silky  pnbeseence.  I'arft  ceij/ialicti  ascending,  truncated. in 
front,  Avhere  it  is  yeUowish  red,  pencilled  witli  brown  down  the  middle, 
sides  declivous  ;  segmental  groove  distinct ;  ocular  area  broader  than 
long,  close  to  edge  of  clypeus,  raised,  summit  dark  brown  ;  cli/peus  narrow, 
sloping  slightly  forward,  h^'aline,  and  furnished  with  a  tuft  of  bristles 
at  the  middle.  Pars  thoraeica  broad,  retreating  somewhat  sharply  to 
posterior  angle,  uneven,  radial  grooves  rather  broad,  but  not  deep, 
posterior  angle  narrow;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  marginal  hand 
yellow,  slightly  reflexed,  fringed  with  short,  black  bristles.  Eyes. — 
Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row  procurved,  and  the 
rear  recurved ;  front  and  rear  lateral  eyes  elliptical,  poised  obliquely, 
their  black  rings  touching;  front  laterals  lai'gest  of  the  group  ;  anterior 
medians  large,  round,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal 
to  about  three-quarters  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each  again 
from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  a  similar  space  ;  rear  median  eyes  smallest 
of  the  group,  widely  separated  from  each  other,  and  each  just  touching 
its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  109).  Legs. — Strong,  moderately 
long,  concoloi^ous  with  cephalothorax,  haiiy,  but  displaying  naked  areas, 
each  armed  with  spines,  those  on  tibiae  and  metatarsi  iii.  and  iv.  being  the 
most  numerous  and  the  strongest  ;  scopulation  of  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i. 
and  ii.  normal;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Strong,  moderately 
long,  similar  in  colour  and  clothing  to  legs,  armed  with  long,  black 
spines  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — Yellow,  darker  than  cephalothorax, 
strong,  projected  well  forward,  arched,  inner  angles  of  upper  surface 
yellow  brown,  sparingly  hairy  and  displaying  extensive  naked  areas ; 
apices  densely  clothed  with  long  black  bristles  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow 
of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  nine  strong  teeth,  in  addition  to  which 
there  is  at  the  base  an  intermediate  series  of  four  or  five  minute 
ones  ;  fang  long,  dark  brown,  shining,  well  curved.  Maxilke. — Yellow, 
hairy,  arched,  heel  well  rounded,  and  studded  with  a  dense  cluster  of 
small  spines.  Labium. — Concolorous,  arched,  submerged,  broader  than 
long,  furnished  with  a  few  bristles,  apex  gently  excavated.  Sternum. — 
Concolorous  also,  shield-shaped,  arched,  clothed  with  strong,  black 
haii's  or  bristles,  of  which  the  marginal  ones  ai'e  much  the  longest  and 
strongest  ;  sigilla  elongate,  marginal,  narrow.  Abdomen. — Obovate, 
arched,  modei^ately  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  dark  brown, 
densely  clothed  with  long  hairs.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy  ;  superior 
pair  tapering,  first  and  third  joints  longest,  and  of  equal  length  ;  inferior 
pair  very  short,  cylindrical,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space 
equal  to  once  their  individual  transverse  diameter. 

Hab. — Cross  Roads,  Mauuum,  South  Australia  (April,  1908). 

Aname  confusa,  sp.  nov. 
(PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  110.) 

$.  Cephalothorax,  9'2  mm.  long,  7'5  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  ll'l 
mm.  long,  7  mm.  broad. 

Gephalothora.r. — Obovate,  elongate,  yellow,  arched,  hairy.  Pars 
cephalica   ascending,    rather   high,    truncated    in    front,    sides    declivous, 


156  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

segmental  groove  distiuct ;  ocular  area  broader  tliau  long,  fringed  in 
front  with  a  tuft  of  bristles,  sumniit  black  ;  clijjieus  rather  narrow,  sloping 
forward,  slightly  excavated  at  the  middle.  Pars  thoracica  uneven,  radial 
grooves  not  deep,  partially  obscured  by  haii's ;  f/iorrtc/c'/oued  deep,  pro- 
curved  ;  marginal  ba)id  yellow,  undulated,  rather  broad,  fringed  with 
fine  hairs.  Eijes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  front  row 
slightly  procurved  and  the  rear  slightly  recurved  ;  anterior  and  rear 
lateral  eyes  of  equal  size,  neai'ly  touching  each  other,  elliptical,  obliquely 
poised,  auterior  medians  largest  of  the  group,  round,  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  own  individual  diameter,  and 
each  again  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  about  the  same  space ;  rear 
median  eyes  smallest  of  the  group,  but  not  minute,  widely  separated  from 
each  other,  elliptical,  each  just  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxiv., 
fig.  110).  Legs. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  strong,  hairy,  but 
displaying  naked  areas,  each  ai-med  with  long  but  not  very  strong  spines ; 
scopulatiou  of  metatarsi  and  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  noi'mal ;  I'elative  lengths : 
4,  1,  2,  3.  Pal/pi. — Moderately  long,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and 
armature  to  legs  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — Yellowish  brown,  projected 
well  forward,  clothed  with  tine  hairs  and  long,  coarse  bristles,  but 
displaying  naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed 
with  seven  strong  teeth ;  fang  long,  dark  brown,  shining,  well  curved. 
MaxiUiv. — Yellow,  arched,  hairy,  furnished  with  a  few  small  spines  at 
base  of  inner  angle,  heel  well  rounded.  Lahiutn. — Concolorous,  somewhat 
submerged,  short,  broader  than  long,  apex  slightly  excavated  and  fringed 
with  long,  strong  bristles,  below  which  latter  there  are  two  or  three 
small  spines.  Sternuvi. — Concolorous  also,  shield-shaped,  arched,  hairy  ; 
sigilla  marginal.  Ahdonien. — Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of 
cephalothorax,  arched,  hairy  ;  superior  sui-face  yellow,  mottled  with 
chocolate-brown  patches  and  spots,  both  of  which  latter  form  a  somewhat 
confused  design  ;  sides  and  inferior  surface  yellow.  !Spinnerets. — Yellow, 
hairy ;  superior  pair  tapering,  first  and  second  joints  longest  and  of  equal 
length  ;  inferior  pair  very  short,  cylindrical,  and  separated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  own  individual  transverse  diameter. 

Hah. — Mylor  Road,  South  Australia  (October,  1908). 

Aname   coxfusa,  vah.  a,  var.  nov. 

$.  Cephalothorax,  9  mm.  long,  7  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  8*4  mm. 
long,  5  mm.  broad. 

In  all  details  except  those  of  size  and  abdominal  colour  and  ck)tliing, 
var.  a  agrees  with  the  example  chosen  as  the  type.  Its  description  is 
as  follows  : — 

Abdomen. — Obovate,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  ceplialo- 
thorax,  densely  clothed  with  very  long  hail's  ;  superior  sui-face  dark 
brown,  with  one  large  round  yellow  spot  near  anterior  extremity  ;  in 
addition  to  this  there  is  also  a  number  of  small  and  obscure  yellowish 
spots ;  sides  dark  brown,  obscurely  mottled  with  yellow  ;  inferior  surface 
yellow  with  dark  brown  areas  in  front,  and  at  the  sides  of  the  spinnerets, 
the  latter,  which  are  also  yellow,  are  clothed  with  dark  brown  hairs. 


AUSTRALIAN  TlJAl'-HOm;   SI'IUKItS  —  KAINIiOW  ANI>   I'l'IJ-EINK.  l57 

Obs. — Var.  a  of  this  species  bears  a  rather  chise  resemblance  to 
A.  fuscoviiictd  (aide  p.  158);  tlie  eyes,  liowever,  ai-e  veiy  differeut ;  more- 
over, /'«scof''»c/(«  has  no  labial  spines. 

ilah. — Mylor  Road,  South  Australia  (October,  190S). 

AnAME    INTKR'ATA,    .</).   IKiU. 
(PI.  xxiv.,  Hg.  111.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  8  mm.  long,  5*5  mm.  bruail  ;  abdomen,  9-1  mm. 
long,  5"5  mm.  broad. 

Gej.ihalothora.1'. — Obovate,  yellow,  arched,  sparingly  pubescent.  Furs 
cephalica  moderately  high,  ascending,  segmental  groove  distinct;  ocular 
area  raised,  yellow-brown,  broader  than  long  ;  cl ijpeun  narrow,  sloping 
forward,  hyaline.  Fari^  thuracica  uneven,  radial  grooves  distinct ;  thoracic 
fovea  ver^'  slighth'  procurved  ;  iiiarr/inal  baud  fringed  with  rather  long 
black  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front 
row  procurved  and  the  rear  recurved  ;  eyes  of  front  row  close  together, 
the  laterals  being  slightly  the  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  and  poised 
obliquely ;  anterior  intermediates  I'ound ;  rear  side  eyes  smaller  than 
their  anterior  lateral  neighbours,  the  apices  of  which  they  just  touch, 
elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ;  rear  intermediates  smallest  of  the  group, 
elliptical,  widely  separated,  each  just  touching  its  outer  neighbour 
(PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  111).  I,e(/.5.— Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  hair}-,  but 
displaying  naked  areas,  moderately  strong,  rather  long,  tapering,  armed 
with  long  strong  spines  ;  scopulation  of  legs  i.  and  ii.  normal  ;  I'elative 
lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Moderately  long  and  strong,  concolorous 
with  legs,  similar  in  armature  and  clothing  to  legs  i.  and  ii.  Falces. — 
Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  projected,  moderately  strong,  clothed 
with  fine  hairs  and  stilf  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge 
of  the  furi'ow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  eight  strong  teeth,  in 
addition  to  which  there  is  an  intermediate  series  of  five  minute  ones  ;  famj 
long,  strong,  shining,  reddish  brown,  well  curved.  Maxilhe. — Yellow, 
arched,  clothed  with  long  hairs,  excavated  round  the  tip  where  it  is 
thickly  studded  with  spines  ;  heel  well  rounded.  Labium. — Concolorous 
with  foregoing,  and  similar  tO  it  in  clothing,  arched,  broader  than  long, 
not  spined,  apex  slightly  excavated.  Sterimm. — Concolorous  with  labium, 
broad,  somewhat  shield-shaped,  arched,  clothed  with  ratlier  long  hairs, 
and  margined  with  stiff  bristles.  Ahdonieii. — Obovate,  arched,  hairy, 
slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax  ;  superior  surface  dark 
brown,  intricately  mottled  with  pale  yellow ;  sides  and  inferior  surface 
yellow.  Spinnerets. — Pale  yellow,  hairy  ;  superior  pair  tapering,  first  and 
third  joints  equally  long,  second  joint  shortest ;  inferior  spinners  very 
short,  cylindrical,  about  twice  their  own  individual  transverse  diameter 
apart. 

Hah. — Blackwood  River,  South  West  Australia. 

AXAME    BUTLERI,    sp.    IIOV. 

(PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  112.) 

9.     Cephalothorax,  7  mm.  long,  47  mm.  broad  ;    abdomen,  7-8  mm. 
long,  4"7  mm.  broad. 


158  RECORDS  OF  THP:  AUSTRALIAN  MDSEDM. 

Cephalotliorax. — Obovate,  arclied,  yellow-brown.  Fars  cephaUca 
ascending,  truncated  in  front,  surface  sparingly  clotlied  with  short,  fine, 
yellowish  hairs,  segmental  groove  distinct;  ocular  area  raised,  broader 
than  long  ;  di/pens  narrow.  Pars  thoracica  moderately  clothed  with  short, 
tine  yellowish  hairs,  broadest  at  middle,  from  whence  it  retreats  towards 
posterior  angle,  radial  grooves  distinct;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  procurved  ; 
maryinal  hand  broad,  pallid.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four 
each  ;  fi'ont  row  of  eyes  slightl}-  procurved,  and  the  rear  row  recurved  ; 
front  lateral  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ; 
anterior  median  ej^es  i^ound,  and  separated  not  only  from  each  other,  but 
also  from  their  lateral  neighbours  by  a  space  equal  to  about  one-half  that 
of  their  own  individual  diameter ;  lateral  eyes  of  rear  row  somewhat 
smaller  than  their  anterior  lateral  neighbours,  the  points  of  which  they 
just  touch,  and  distinctly  larger  than  anterior  median  eyes  ;  they  are 
also  elliptical  and  poised  obliquely ;  rear  medians  widel}'  separated  ; 
smallest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  each  just  touching  the  ring  of  its  lateral 
neighbour  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  112).  Legs. — Moderately  long  and  strong, 
yellow,  clothed  with  dark  brown  hairs,  but  displaying  naked  areas,  and 
armed  with  long,  not  very  strong,  dark  spines  ;  metatarsi  i.  and  ii. 
partially  scopulated,  and  the  tarsi  fully  so  ;  relative  lengths  :  1,  2,  4,  3. 
Palpi. — Rather  long,  moderately  strong,  similar  in  coloui',  clothing  and 
armature  to  legs  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — Concolorous  with  cephalo- 
thorax,  long,  not  strong,  projected  well  forwai-d,  clothed  with  fine  hairs 
and  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  inferior  ridge  of  the 
furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  nine  strong  teeth,  in  addition 
to  which  there  is  also  near  the  base  an  intermediate  row  or  cluster  of 
minute  teeth  ;  fang  long,  dark  brown,  well  curved.  Maxillce. — Yellow, 
hairy,  arched,  excavated  at  the  base  where  there  is  a  cluster  of  small 
spines  ;  heel  well  rounded  ;  beard  reddish.  Lahium. — Concolorous,  broader 
than  long,  arched,  free ;  near  the  apex,  which  is  fringed  with  long,  strong 
bristles,  there  are  three  or  four  small  spines.  Siernnm. — Concolorous 
also,  shield-shaped,  arched,  rather  thickly  clothed  with  coarse  black 
bristles  ;  sigilla  marginal,  the  posterior  pair  rather  large.  Abdomen. — 
Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  arched,  haiiy ; 
superior  surface  and  sides  dark  chocolate  brown,  spotted  with  yellow,  the 
latter  showing  up  very  distinctly  in  alcohol  ;  inferior  surface  yellow. 
tipinnerets. — Pale  yellow,  hairy  ;  supexior  pair  tapering,  the  first  segment 
of  which  is  sensibly  the  longest,  and  the  second  distinctly  the  shortest ; 
inferior  pair  short,  cylindrical,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
space  equal  to  that  of  once  their  individual  diameter. 

Ohs. — The  specimen  from  which  the  above  species  is  described  was 
presented  to  the  Trustees  of  Ihe  Australian  Museum  by  Mr.  S.  Butler,  of 
Melbourne,  just  as  this  paper  was  about  to  be  passed  on  to  the  printer, 
and  in  his  honour  it  has  been  named.  In  his  field-note  he  says:  "  1  dug 
it  out  of  a  six-inch  burrow,  sparsely  lined  with  silk,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Meri'i  Creek,  Melbourne." 

Hah. — Merri  Creek,  Melbourne,  Victoria. 


AUSTRALIAN  TRAT-DOOK  Sl'IDERS HAlN'liOW  AND   HULLEINE.  159 

S>t}>faniUii  DIPLURIN^. 

Group    DIPLURP]yE. 
Genus  Clienistonia,  Iloijij. 

ChENISTONIA  MAJOK,  lliKjij. 

(PI.  xvii.,  tig.  31,  and  PI.  xxiv.,  figs.  11:3  and  11-i.) 

Cheitistouia  major,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  263,  fig.  36. 

()hf>. — Several  male  and  female  examples  of  what  is  apparently  (J. 
■major,  Hogg,  were  collected  at  Morialta  GriiUy  and  Mallala,  Sontli  Austi'alia. 
The  female  examples  vary  in  size  and  somewhat  in  colonraiion,  bat  other- 
wise agree  very  well  with  the  author's  brief  description.  Tliere  is  a  dark 
median  area  upon  the  supei'ior  surface  of  the  different  individuals,  but  the 
"  mottly  diagonal  side  stripes,"  to  quote  from  the  original  description 
(supra)  are  by  no  means  distinct. 

The  author  quoted  says : — "  Among  a  good  many  females,  I  have  not 
a  male."     In  the  series  collected  by  one  of  us  [R.H.P.]  there  are  several, 

Hab. — Morialta  Gully,  above  first  watei-fall,  and  Mallala,  South 
Australia. 

The  description  of  the  male  is  as  follows  : — 

^.  Cephalothorax,  9-5  mm.  long,  8-1  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  10*3 
mm.  long,  5'6  mm.  broad  (PI.  xvii.,  fig.  31). 

Cephalotliorax. — Obovate,  dark  brown,  sparingly  clothed  with  yellowish 
pubescence,  arched.  Pars  cephalica  ascending,  narrow  in  front,  segmental 
groove  distinct ;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised  ;  dypens  narrow. 
Pars  tlioracica  broad,  radial  grooves  distinct  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  straight; 
marginal  hand  fringed  with  rather  long  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over 
two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row  being  procurved  and  the  rear  recurved  ; 
front  side  eyes  somewhat  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  slightly  larger  than 
their  median  neighbours  ;  the  latter  are  round,  and  sepai'ated  from  each 
other  by  a  space  equal  to  one  half  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each 
again  from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  about  the  same  space  ;  rear  side  eyes 
equal  in  diameter  to  anterior  medians,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ; 
i^ear  median  eyes  smallest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  each  just  touching  the 
upper  point  of  its  lateral  neighbour.  Legs. — Rather  lighter  in  colour  than 
cephalothorax,  densely  hairy  and  strongly  bespined  ;  tibia  i.  has  an  apop- 
hysis, at  summit  of  which  there  is  a  powerful  spine  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  113)  ; 
metatarsi  partially  scopulated,  the  tarsi  fully  so ;  relative  lengths :  4,  1, 
2,  3.  Palpi. — Long,  strong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  ai'mature  to 
legs  ;  bulb  large,  somewhat  pear-shaped,  bilobed,  shining,  and  terminating 
in  a  long,  fine  and  tapering  style  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  114).  Falces. — Concolorous 
with  cephalothorax,  not  very  strong,  narrow  and  densely  clothed  with  fine 
hairs  and  long  coarse  bristles ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx 
armed  with  a  row  of  seven  strong  teeth,  with,  at  the  base,  an  intex'mediate 
series  of  three  or  four  minute  ones  ;  fang  long,  shining,  dark  brown,  well 

curved.       Ma.xilUe Dark    brown,   long,    rather    narrow,    arched,    hairy, 

slightly  excavated  around  the  lip,  heel  well  rounded,  furnished  at  base 


160  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

with  a  cluster  of  small  spines.  Lahium. — Concolorons,  submerged,  rather 
broader  than  long,  arched,  apex  slightly  rounded,  two  or  three  small 
spines  present,  surface  clothed  with  bristly  hairs.  Sternum. — Concolorons 
with  labium,  pyi'iform,  hair}" ;  sigilla  round,  small,  mai"ginal.  Ahdomen. 
— Obovate,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  densely  clothed 
with  long  hairs ;  superior  sui'face  dark  brown,  mottled  with  yellow ; 
infei'ior  surface  yellow  brown.  Spi7inerefs. — Yellow,  hairy  ;  superior  pair 
tapering,  third  joint  rather  longer  than  the  first,  the  second  much  the 
shortest  ;  inferior  pair  cylindrical,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
space  equal  to  rather  more  than  once  their  own  individual  transverse 
diameter. 

Ohs. — Collector's  note  :   "  Several  males  ci^awling  about." 

Hab. — Morialta,  above  first  waterfall.  South  Australia. 

Chenistonia  tepperi,  Hogg. 

Chenistonia  tepperi.,  Hogg,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1902,  p.  137,  pi.  xiii.,  fig.  13. 

Hah. — Mylor  Road  (October,  1911),  and  Mount  Lofty,  South 
Australia. 

Chenistonia  hoggi,   llalnhow. 
Chenistonia  hoggi,  Rainbow,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  x.,  8, 1914,  p.  240,  figs.  50,  51. 
Hah. — Kaianga  Valley,  New  South  Wales. 

Chenistonia  auhopilosa,  sj).  nov. 

(PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  115.) 

$.  Cephalothorax,  7"2  mm.  long,  6  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  (rS  mm. 
long,  4*7  mm.  broad. 

Cepltalotliorax. — Obovate,  yellow,  arched,  moderately  clothed  with 
fine  golden  yellow  pile.  Fars  cephalica  ascending,  moderately  high,  sides 
somewhat  compressed  ;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised,  summit 
dark  br^own,  fringed  in  front  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles  ;  dypeus 
moderately  broad,  hyaline,  slightly  excavated  at  middle.  Pars  tJioracica 
rather  broad,  uneven,  radial  grooves  distinct;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  straight, 
marginal  hand  yellow,  undulated,  fringed  with  yellow  hairs.  Eijes. — 
Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row  pi-ocurved,  and 
the  rear  recurved  ;  front  side  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  and 
poised  obliquely  ;  front  middle  eyes  round,  and  separated  from  each  other 
by  a  space  equal  to  three-quarters  that  of  their  own  individual  diameter, 
and  each  again  from  its  latei'al  neighbour  by  about  one-half  that  space; 
rear  lateral  eyes  are  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  and  of  the  same  diameter 
as  the  front  middle  ;  front  and  rear  side  eyes  closelj'  approximating,  but 
not  touching  ;  posterior  medians  smallest  of  the  grouji,  widely  separated, 
truncated  at  apex,  eacli  touching  the  ring  of  its  outer  neighbour  (PI.  xxiv., 
fig.  115).  I^egs. — Concolorons  with  cephalothorax,  moderately  long, 
tapering,    clothed   witli   dark   haii's,    but    displaying    on   each    patella    a 


AUSTRALIAN  TRAP-POOK  SPIDEKS — RAINBOW  AND   PCLLEINE.  161 

narrow,  naked  area ;  each  limb  armed  witli  moderate!)^  long  and  strong 
black  spines  ;  all  tarsi  scopalated,  and  a  portion  of  metatarsi  i.  and  ii.  ; 
relative  lengths  ;  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Long,  moderately  strong,  similar  in 
colour,  clothing  and  armatui'e  to  legs;  tarsi  scopulated.  Fnlces. — 
Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  projected  well  forward,  moderately 
strong,  clothed  with  short  tine  hairs  and  long  coarse  bristles,  but  display- 
ing naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with 
a  row  of  eight  strong  teeth  ;  in  addition  to  these  there  is  at  the 
base  an  intermediate  series  consisting  of  four  small  teeth,  and  several 
minute  ones;  ftuig  long,  reddish-brown,  well  curved.  Mdxilke. — Yellow, 
hairy,  arched,  excavated  at  base,  where  it  is  thickly  studded  with  small 
spines ;  heel  well  rounded ;  beard  yellowish.  Labium. — Concolorous, 
ai'ched,  moderately  hairy,  free,  submerged,  not  spined,  short,  broader 
than  long,  apex  slightly  excavated  and  fringed  with  long  hairs.  Sternmn. — 
Concoloi'ous  also,  nearly  round,  arched,  hairy  ;  si(jilla  rather  small, 
marginal.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  very  slightly  overhanging  base  of 
cephalothorax,  arched,  clothed  with  long  golden-yellow  hairs  ;  superior 
surface  dark  brown,  spotted  with  yellow,  the  spots,  however,  only 
showing  when  the  animal  is  immersed  in  alcohol ;  sides  and  inferior 
surface  yellow.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy ;  superior  pair  tapering,  the 
third  joint  longest  and  the  second  shortest  ;  inferior  spinners  cylindrical, 
and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  once  their  own 
individual  diameter. 

Ql)s, — The  spinnerets  in  the  type  have  been  unduly  distended.  Col- 
lector's field  note  reads  :   "  Open  burrow." 

Hub. — Armadale,  West  Australia  (May  23,  1912). 

Chenistonia  villosa,  sp.  nov. 
(PL  xxiv.,  fig.  116.) 

$.  Cephalothoi'ax,  10-3  mm.  long,  8'4!  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  10*9 
mm.  long,  6  mm.  broad. 

Gephalotliorax. — Obovate,  dark  reddish-brown,  arched,  sparingly  pilose. 
Fars  cephalica  smooth,  gently  ascending,  fringed  in  front  of  eyes  with  a 
tuft  of  stiff  bristles,  segmental  groove  distinct ;  ocular  area  broader  than 
long,  raised  ;  clypeus  narrow,  rather  dark,  hyaline.  Pars  thoracica  uneven, 
radial  grooves  distinct  ;  thoracic  fovea  straight ;  marginal  band  narrow, 
undulated,  fringed  with  rather  long  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two 
rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row  procurved  and  the  rear  recurved  ;  front 
laterals  much  the  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ; 
front  median  eyes  round,  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to 
about  three-fourths  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each  again  from 
its  lateral  neighbour  by  about  half  a  diameter ;  i-ear  laterals  larger  than 
anterior  median  eyes,  elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  each  touching  apex  of  its 
anterior  lateral  neighbour  ;  posterior  medians  almost  round,  smallest  of 
the  group,  widely  separated,  each  just  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PL 
xxiv.,  fig.  116).  Legs. — Moderately  long,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax, 
hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas,  each  armed  with  long,  strong  spines, 
those  on  legs  i.  and  ii.  being  the  most  numerous  ;    scopulation  normal ; 


162  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Similar  in  colour,  clotliing  and 
armature  to  legs  i.  and  ii.  Falces. — Dark  brown,  nearly  blnck,  projected 
well  forward,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  and  coarse  bristles  ;  inner  ridge  of 
the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  nine  strong  teeth,  in  addition 
to  which  there  is,  near  the  base,  a  series  of  three  or  four  minute  ones  ; 
beard  red  ;  fang  long,  black,  shining,  well  curved.  Maxillce. — Reddish 
yellow,  shining,  arched,  hairy,  excavated  round  the  lip,  at  which  point 
there  is  a  thick  cluster  of  small  spines  ;  inner  angle  yellow,  beard  red  ; 
heel  well  rounded.  Labium. — Short,  broad,  ai^ched,  shining,  apex  excav- 
ated, and  fringed  with  bristles ;  there  are  also  a  few  hairs  on  tbe  surface, 
but  no  spines.  Stervwrn. — Concolorous,  broad,  oval,  arched,  haiiy  ;  siyilla 
marginal.  Abdomen. — Oval,  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephal- 
othorax,  dark  brown,  thickly  clothed  with  long,  grey  hairs.  Spinnerets. — 
Dark  brown,  hairy  ;  superior  pair  tapering,  first  and  third  joints  of  equal 
length,  second  shortest ;  inferior  pair  short,  cylindrical,  and  close  together. 

Obs. — One  female  with  young. 

Hab. — Carlotta  Brook,  Kairi  Country,  West  Australia  (December, 
1917). 

Genus  Sungenia,!''  gen.  nov. 

Allied  to  Hogg's  genera  Chenistonia  and  Del-ana  by  the  tibial  apophysis 
on  leg  i.  terminating  in  a  powerful  spine,  but  dilfering  from  the  former 
by  the  thoracic  fovea  being  strongly  pi'ocurved  instead  of  straight,  and 
from  the  latter  in  having  the  posterior  sternal  sigilla  marginal  instead 
of  being  away  from  the  margin,  each  of  which  are  major  features  from 
a  generic  standpoint.  The  eyes  are  mounted  upon  a  tubercle,  the  area 
of  which  is  broader  than  long,  they  are  distributed  over  two  rows  of  four 
each,  the  front  one  being  procurved,  and  the  rear  recurved  ;  the  anterior 
and  lateral  eyes  are  of  equal  size  and  largest  of  the  group ;  anterior 
medians  round  ;   rear  medians  smallest  of  the  group. 

SuNGENiA  ATKA,   Strand. 
Chenistonia  (DeJcana)  atra,  Strand.     Zoologisch.  Jahrb.,  1913,  p.  601. 
Hab. — Balingup,  South  West  Australia  (December,  1917). 

Genus  Ixamatus,  Simon. 

As  pointed  out  in  a  former  paper  by  one  of  the  writers^^  of  ^^^{g  essay, 
the  definition  of  the  genus  In-amatus  is  not  very  clear.  Tbe  forms 
described  by  L.  Koch  and  Hogg  were  all  males,  whilst  1.  distinctus, 
Rainbow,  aiid  the  one  hereunder  described  are  females. 

According  to  Jiogg^^  the  thoracic  fovea  of  his  I.  gregori  is  straig]it, 
whilst  that  of  I.  broomi  of  the  same  author  is  long,  and  deep,  and  cJearhj 

^"^    ovyyiV(.ia,  kinship. 

18  Rainbow— Kec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.,  8,  191  !•,  pp.  235-6  and  2:J8. 

is'Hogg— P.Z.S.,  1901,  pp.  258  and  260. 


AUSTRALIAN  TRAP-DOOH  SPIDERS RAINBOW  AND  PCLLEINE.  163 

recurved.  In  I.  varius,  L.  Kocli,  the  fovea  is  straiglit,  as  is  tlie  case  with 
the  form  described  lierennder ;  /.  (h'sfiiictas,  on  the  other  Iiaud,  has  tlie 
fovea  slightly  procurved.  If  the  shape  and  direction  of  the  thoracic  fovea 
is  of  strict  generic  importance,  then  1.  hroomi  and  1.  dint  in  etas  will 
ultimately  have  to  be  accommodated  in  other  genera,  though  for  the 
present  it  may  be  as  well  to  let  them  remain  where  they  have  been 
placed. 

IXAJIATUrf    DISTINCTUS,    Lidiuhow. 

Ixamatiis  disfiiictiiti,  Rainbow,  Rec.   Austr.   Mus.,  x.,  8,  1914,  p.  237,  figs. 
48  and  49. 

Oh^. — A  single  female,  and  an  immature  example.  For  notes  in 
respect  of  the  genus  Ixamatus,  Simon,  see  author's  notes,  stqjrd, 
p.  235-237. 

Hab. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

Ixamatus  maculatds,  np.  nov. 

(PI.  xxiv.,  tig.  117.) 

9-  Cephalothoi'ax,  4-7  mm.  long,  34  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  5"8 
mm.  long,  3"2  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  dark  brown,  arched,  sparingly  pubescent. 
Pars  cephulica  ascending,  moderately  high,  segmental  groove  distinct  ; 
ocular  area  nearly  black,  broader  than  long,  raised,  fringed  in  front  with 
a  small  tuft  of  bristles;  f^//^>e«6' narrow,  dark,  hyaline.  Pars  thoracica 
uneven,  radial  grooves  moderately  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  straight 
marginal  hand  undulated,  slightly  reflexed,  fringed  with  rather  long 
hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row 
being  procurved,  and  the  rear  recurved ;  front  lateral  eyes  largest  of  the 
group,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely ;  front  medians  round,  very  slightly 
smaller  than  the  long  diameter  of  the  rear  lateral  eyes,  separated  from 
each  other  by  about  once  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each  again 
from  its  lateral  neighbour  by  rather  less  than  that  space  ;  rear  side  eyes 
elliptical,  poised  obliquely  ;  posterior  intermediates  smallest  of  the  group, 
but  not  minute,  oval,  each  just  touching  the  ring  of  its  outer  neigh- 
bour (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  117).  Legs. — Moderately  long,  not  strong,  yellow, 
clothed  with  dark  brown  hairs,  but  displaying  naked  areas,  each  limb 
bespined  ;  tarsi  i.  and  ii.  only  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths :  4,  1,  2,  3. 
Palpi. — Rather  long,  moderately  strong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and 
armature  to  legs ;  tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — Concolorous  with  cephalo- 
thorax, projecting,  modei-ately  strong,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  and  coai'se 
bristles  ;  inner  ridge  of  each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  six  moderately 
strong  teeth  ;  f<<ng  shining,  reddish-brown.  Maxillce. — Yellow,  hair}-, 
slightly  excavated  at  base,  where  there  is  a  cluster  of  small  spines ;  beard 
yellow  ;  heel  well  rounded.  Labium. — Concolorous,  short,  broader  than 
long,  free,  submerged,  apex  fringed  with  bristles  and  slightly  excavated  ; 
no  spines  present.  Sternntn. — Concolorous  also,  yellow,  shield-shaped, 
arched,    moderately    clothed    with    black,    stiff,    bristly    hairs ;    sigilla 


164  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MDSEDM. 

moderately  large,  marginal.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  arched,  tairy,  slightly 
overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  superior  surface  dark  brown,  mottled 
with  yellow  spots  ;  sides  and  inferior  surface  yellow,  flecked  with  daik 
brown  spots  and  markings.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy  ;  superior  pair 
tapering  ;  inferior  spinners  about  one-and-a-half  their  transverse  diameter 
apart. 

Ohs. — Two  females,  one  slightly  larger  and  darker  than  the  other. 
Found  in  open  burrow. 

Hub. — Armadale,  West  Australia  (May  25,  1912). 

Genua  Stanwellia,  gen.  nor. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate.  Pars  cephaUca,  arched,  ascending,  rather 
higli  ;  ocular  urea  raised,  broader  than  long.  Pars  thoracica  arched  ;  thoracic 
fovea  straight.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  front  row 
slightly  procurved,  the  rear  recurved;  front  lateral  eyes  largest  of  the 
group,  elliptical,  rear  medians  the  smallest  ;  rear  eyes,  both  side  and 
intermediate,  large  and  elliptical.  Legs. — Moderately  long;  metatarsi  i. 
and  ii.  scopulated  ;  tarsi  iii.  and  iv.  scopulated  ;  tarsal  claws,  three. 
Falces. — Inner  ridge  only  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  dentated  ;  no  rastellnni. 
Labium. — Free,  short,  broader  than  long,  apex  slightly  excavated.  Ster- 
num. — Longer  than  broad  ;  sigilla  moderate  in  size,  marginal.  Spinnerets. 
— Superior  pair  moderately  long,  tapering,  second  joint  shortest ;  inferior 
pair  short,  rather  stont,  close  together. 

Stanwellia  decora,  sp.  nov. 

(PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  118.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  9'8  mm.  long,  8"2  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  11*5 
mm.  long,  7*1  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  dark  brown,  arched,  well  clothed  with 
golden  yellow  pubescence.  Pars  cephalica  ascending,  higli,  tiuncated  in 
front,  segmental  groove  distinct;  ocular  area  raised,  arched,  broader  than 
long,  nearly  black,  fringed  in  front  with  a  tuft  of  stiff  bristles  ;  ch/peus 
narrow,  precipitate,  hyaline.  Pars  thoracica  moderately  broad,  radial 
grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  rather  deep,  straight ;  marginal  band 
fringed  with  fine  black  hairs.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four 
each,  the  front  row  being  slightly  |)rocurved,  and  the  i-ear  very  distinctly 
recurved,  anterior  lateral  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  el]i[)tical,  and  poised 
obliquely  ;  anterior  medinns  lound,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
space  equal  to  about  once  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each  again  from 
its  lateral  neighbour  by  a  space  scarcely  equal  to  that  distance  ;  rear  lateral 
and  intermediate  eyes  close  together,  their  apices  touching,  elliptical  ;  the 
outer  eyes  are  poi.sed  obliquely,  and  are  but  very  slight!}'  larger  than  their 
intermediate  neighbours;  under  the  micrometer  the  rear  outer  lateral  eyes 
measure  five,  and  the  intermediate  one  four  and  thiee-quai  tei'S  (PI.  xxiv., 
fig.  118).  Legs. — Moderately  long  and  strong,  tapering,  concolorous  with 
cephalothorax,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas,  each  limb  armed  with  long 


AUSTRALIAN    I'UAl'- HOoi;   SI'l  I'KK'S- — |;AINI;()\V  ANh   li'M.KIXK.  165 

fine  spines,  those  on  legs  iii.  and  iv.  being  the  most  nnmerous  ;  mefatarsi  and 
tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopnlated  ;  taisi  iii.  and  iv.only  sco]»ulated  ;  claws  tluee,  infe- 
rior claw  very  small:  lelative  lengths:  4,1,2,8.  I'idpi. — Concoh)ious  with 
legs,  short,  strong,  haiiy,  spined  ;  tarsi  scopulated.  FalceK. — Piojected, 
dark  brown,  w'ell  clothed  with  short,  fine  hairs  and  coarse  bristles,  but 
displaying  naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with 
nine  strong  teeth,  in  addition  to  "which  there  is  an  intermediate  series  of 
three  or  four  minute  ones  at  the  base.  Maxilhv. — P eddish-brown,  inner 
angle  yellow,  arched,  hairy,  excavated  at  base,  where  there  is  a  cluster  of 
small  spines,  heel  well  rounded,  beard  red.  Ltdriioii. — Concolorous,  short, 
very  slightly  broader  than  long,  arched,  free;  three  or  four  small  spines 
near  apex,  which  latter  is  slightly  excavated,  and  fringed  with  stiff  bristles; 
a  few  fine  hairs  on  surface.  Sterniiiti. — Concolorous  with  labium,  slightly 
arched,  elongate,  broadest  between  third  pair  of  coxae,  clothed  with 
stiff  bristles  ;  sigilla  moderate  in  size,  marginal,  posterior  pair  largest. 
Ahdoiiten. —  Obovate,  arched,  hairy,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalo- 
thorax  ;  superior  surface  yellow,  ornamented  with  broken  or  interrupted 
brown  markings,  the  latter  forming  an  irregular  design  consisting  of  a 
longitudinal  band  and  three  or  four  transverse  bars ;  inferior  surface 
yellow  with  dark  brown  spots.  S^jimiei-ets — Pale  yellow,  hairy ;  superior 
pair  nearly  half  as  long  as  cephalothorax,  tapering,  second  joint  slightly 
the  shortest,  first  and  third  of  equal  length  ;  inferior  spinners  very  short, 
rather  thick,  rounded  at  apex,  and  separated  from  each  other  by  a  space 
equal  to  once  their  own  individual  transverse  diameter. 

Ohs. — Two  immature  examples  were  collected  [R.H.P.]  in  August, 
1908,  and  two  fully  grown  ones  in  August,  1910.  Of  the  latter  one  is 
considerably  lighter  in  colour  than  the  other.  Probably  it  is  slightly  the 
younger  of  the  two. 

Hah. — Stanwell  Park,  New  South  Wales. 

Geuns  Atrax,  0.  P.  Camhr. 
Atrax  valida,  sjj.  nov. 
(PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  119.) 

$.  Cephalotliorax,  12'6  mm.  long,  96  mm.  broad;  abdomen,  14*8 
mm.  long,  9"6nim.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  dark  brown,  arched,  shining,  very  sparingly 
clothed  with  fine  yellow  hairs.  Pars  cephalicu  fiinged  in  front  with  short, 
fine  black  hairs,  ascending,  high,  slightly  depressed  on  each  side  of  eye 
space,  sloping  gently  from  summit  to  clypeus,  sides  compressed  and 
unevenly  indented,  a  median  fringe  of  long,  moderately  stiff  black  bristles 
runs  from  base  to  ocidar  area,  which  latter  is  broader  than  long  ;  clijpens 
narrow,  precipitous,  undulated,  yellowisli  at  sides,  reddish-brown  at  middle, 
where  it  is  furnished  with  a  rather  large  tuft  of  black  bristly  hairs.  Pars 
thoracica  uneven, radial  grooves  distinct ;  thoracic  fovea  moderately  deep,  pro- 
curved  ;  marginal  ha)td  narrow,  yellowish,  fringed  with  stiff  black  haii's. 
Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  view^ed  from  the  side  the 
front  row  is  straight,  or  but  very  slightly  procurved  ;  rear  row  recurved  ; 


166  RECORDS  OK  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MCSEUM. 

front  lateral  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ; 
anterior  medians  round,  once  their  own  individual  diameter  apart,  and  each 
separated  again  by  about  halt"  that  space  from  its  lateral  neighbour  ;  rear 
laterals  elliptical,  and  poised  obliquely  ;  rear  medians  smallest  of  the  group, 
each  just  touching  its  lateral  neighbour;  both  rows  close  together,  and  the 
front  one  near  the  edge  of  clypeus  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  119).  Leys. — Not  long, 
powerful,  hairy,  but  displaying  narrow  naked  areas,  each  limb  armed  with 
short  stiff  spines  ;  relative  lengths  :  4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Short,  strong, 
similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs.  Fulces. — Strong,  well 
projected,  concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  clothed  with  long,  coarse  hairs 
and  bristles,  and  displaying  no  naked  areas  ;  inner  ridge  of  the  furrow  of 
each  falx  armed  with  a  row  of  nine  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer  with  a  row 
of  eleven  ;  in  addition  to  these  there  is  a  thickly  clustered  group  of  minute 
teeth  running  from  base  to  apex,  and  forming  an  intermediate  series  ; 
fang  long,  black,  strong,  well  curved.  Maxillce. — Reddish-brown,  arched, 
strong,  hairy,  inner  angle  terminating  in  an  obtuse  point,  base  excavated, 
heel  well  rounded  ;  greater  portion  of  the  surface  of  each  maxilla  thickly 
studded  with  small  spines.  Labium. — Free,  concolorous,  short,  slightly 
longer  than  broad,  arched,  apex  fringed  with  long  bristles,  entire  surface 
thickly  studded  with  small  spines,  thereby  presenting  a  strongly  granu- 
lated appearance.  Sternmn. — Concolorous  also,  shield-shaped,  densely 
hairy,  arched  ;  posterior  sigiUa  large  and  marginal.  Abdomen. — Ovate, 
slightly  overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax,  arched,  dark  brown,  hairy. 
Spinnerets. — Short,  yellow,  stout,  clothed  with  dark  brown  hairs;  superior 
pair  tapering,  second  joint  shortest ;  inferior  spinners  veiy  small,  and 
separated  from  each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  about  that  of  once  their 
own  individual  transverse  diameter. 

Obs. — Several  sf)ecimens  of  this  fine  spider  were  collected  by  one  of 
us  [R.H.P.]  and  Dr.  T.  Bancroft.  Younger  examples  display  some  little 
variation  in  the  number  and  distribution  of  the  intermediate  series  of 
falx  teeth.  Our  field  note  reads  :- — "  With  expanded  web  ;  no  lid." 
From  the  nest  of  one  example  an  ova-sac  was  obtained.  The  sac  is  white, 
large,  round,  flat,  measuring  90  mm.  in  circumference,  cushion-shaped, 
closely  woven,  and  of  very  strong  texture. 

Hah. — Tambourine  Mountain,  Queensland  (Ma}^  10,  and  October  7, 
1912). 

Grouj)  ANEPSIADE^. 

For  the  reception  of  the  following  species  there  appeal's  to  be  no 
alternative  but  to  erect  a  new  group  and  a  new  genus.  For  the  group 
we  propose  the  name  Anepsiadese,  and  for  the  genus  that  of  Anepsiada. 
The  example  ujider  stud}'^  agrees  with  Atra.v,  0.  P.  Cambr.,  and  Hadroinjche, 
L.  Koch,  in  having  both  ridges  of  each  falx  armed  with  teeth,  and  also 
by  the  presence  of  an  intermediate  row,  but  it  differs  from  each  of  the 
genera  named  by  the  sternal  sigilla  being  marginal,  and  also  by  the 
absence  of  tarsal  scopiila.  Like  Hadroni/che  the  cephalic  segnient  is 
large,  raised,  and  round,  though  not  so  much  so  as  in  Mif<sule)ia,  Walck. 
The  labium  is  not  as  defined  and  figured   by  L.  Koch^o  in  his  description 

-0  L.  Koch— Die  Arach.  des  Austr.,  i.,  187:?.  p.  163.  pi.  xxxv.,  fig.  66. 


AUSTRALIAN  TRAP-DOOH  SPIDERS RAINROW  AND  PULLEINE.  167 

of  the  genus  Hadronyclie  but  conforms  more  to  tliat  as  described  by 
Hogg.^^  There  are  three  tarwal  claws,  each  of  wliich,  including  the 
inferior,  are  well  developed.  The  spinneiets  also  differ  from  the  Atiaceee, 
the  fii'st  joint  of  the  superior  pair  being  longer  than  t,he  second,  but  not 
longer  tlian  the  second  and  third  combined.  Taking  these  seveial  points 
into  considei'ation,  we  consider  the  onl}^  place  whei-e  the  form  now 
under  consideration  can  be  placed  is  after  the  group  Poikilomorphiae,  of 
Rainbow. 

Genus  Anepsiada,22  gen.  vov. 

CepJialothorax. — Pam  cephalica  raised  and  rounded  as  in  Hadronyclie, 
L.  Koch  ;  ocular  urea  broader  than  long,  not  I'aised  ;  clyiieus  narrow. 
Pars  thoracica  uneven,  ladial  grooves  distinct;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  pro- 
curved.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row 
being  slightly  procurved,  and  the  rear  recurved.  Legs. — Short,  not 
strong,  tarsi  armed  with  three  claws,  no  scopulse  present ;  relative  lengths  : 
4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Short,  not  strong.  Falces. — Moderately  projected  ; 
inner  and  outer  ridges  of  each  falx  aimed  with  teeth,  in  addition  to 
which  there  is  an  intermediate  row.  Maxillce. — Short,  spined,  base  not 
excavated,  apex  of  inner  angle  terminating  obtusely.  Lahium. — Short, 
broader  than  long,  free,  surface  bespined.  Sternum. — Broad,  shield- 
shaped,  anterior  angle  curved  well  round  the  tip,  and  terminating  on 
each  side  in  an  acuminate  point ;  sigilla  marginal,  posterior  pair  large. 
Spinnerets — Short ;  the  superior  pair  have  the  first  joint  longer  than  the 
second,  but  not  longer  than  the  second  and  third  combined. 

Anepsiada  ventricosa,  sp.  nov. 

(PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  120.) 

9.  Cephalothorax,  48  mm.  long,  4  mm.  broad  ;  abdomen,  83  mm. 
long,  5*6  mm.  broad. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  shining,  yellow-brown,  broadest  near  front 
pair  of  legs.  Pars  cephalica  high,  ascending,  truncated  in  front,  deeply 
impressed  on  each  side  near  the  base,  thoracic  groove  distinct;  ocular  area 
broader  than  long,  not  raised  ;  clypeus  narrow.  Pars  thoracica  broad, 
uneven,  retreating,  radial  grooves  profound  ;  thoracic  fovea  deep,  pro- 
curved.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each,  the  front  row 
being  slightly  procurved,  and  the  rear  recurved  ;  both  rows  close 
together;  front  lateral  eyes  largest  of  the  group,  elliptical,  and  poised 
obliquely;  anterior  medians  round  and  separated  from  each  other  by 
a  space  equal  to  that  of  one-half  their  own  individual  diameter,  and  each 
again  fi'om  its  lateral  neighbour  by  about  half  that  space  ;  rear  lateral 
eyes  elliptical  also  and  obliquely  poised  ;  anterior  intei'mediates  smallest 
of  the  group,  widely  separated,  each  just  touching  the  ring  of  its  outer 
neighbour  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  120).  Legs. — Not  long,  moderately  strong, 
concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;     each 

21  Hogg— Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  274. 
■^^  avei^idSr],  a  female  cousin. 


168  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM. 

tarsus  and  metatarsus  armed  with  strong  spines  ;  the  hairs  with  which 
the  legs  are  clothed  are  long  and  coarse  ;  superior  claws  have  each  at  the 
base  two  large  teeth,  succeeded  by  four  very  small  ones  ;  relative  lengths: 
4,  1,  2,  3.  Palpi. — Short,  not  strong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and 
ai-mature  to  legs.  Falces. — Ratlier  strong,  modei-ately  projected,  arched, 
shining,  hairy,  but  displaying  naked  areas  ;  apical  hairs  red  ;  inner  ridge 
of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  nine  strong  teeth,  and  the  outer 
with  ten  ;  in  addition  to  these  there  is  at  the  base  four  or  five  minute 
ones;  fang  moderately  long,  well  curved.  MaxUlcc. — Yellowish-brown, 
hairy,  arched,  not  excavated  at  base,  inner  angle  bearded  with  yellow, 
and  tei-minating  obtusely  at  apex  ;  inner  area  from  base  to  near  apex 
thickly  spilled.  Lalnam. — Free,  coiicolorous,  short,  broader  than  long, 
arched,  almost  the  entire  surface  thickly  sjiiiied  ;  apex  gently  curved. 
Sternum. — Concolorous  also,  broad,  somewhat  shield-shaped,  arched, 
hairy,  broadest  between  third  pair  of  coxse,  anterior  angle  curved  well 
round  the  lip,  and  terminating  at  each  side  in  an  acuminate  point ;  sigilJa 
inai'ginal,  the  third  pair  largest.  Abdomen. — Obovate,  yellow-brown, 
well  arched,  slightly  overhanging  base  of  ceplialothorax,  the  surface 
clothed  with  fine  yellow  hairs.  Spinnerets. — Yellow,  hairy,  short; 
superior  pair  not  stout,  tapering,  first  joint  longest,  the  second  shortest ; 
inferior  spinners  very  small,  cylindrical,  apices  I'ound,  separated  from 
each  other  by  a  space  equal  to  that  of  once  their  own  individual 
transvei'se  diameter. 

Hah. — Cloncurry,  Central  Queensland. 

Group   DOLICHOSTERNE^. 

For  the  reception  of  the  following  remarkable  species  we  propose  a 
new  group,  Dolichosternese,  and  a  new  genus,  Bolichosternum.  This 
group  is  placed  near  the  end  of  the  subfamily  Dipluriiise,  to  which,  from 
the  fact  that  the  unique  example  now  under  study  possesses  three  claws 
and  four  spinnerets,  has  the  lip  free,  and  is  devoid  of  a  rastellum,  it 
would  seem  to  belong.  One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of  this 
extraordinai-y  s[)ider  is  that  the  sternum  is  very  long  and  attenuated,  its 
measurements  being:  Length,  4-5  mm.,  and  width,  at  its  widest  part,  1  mm. 
In  fact,  it  looks  more  like  an  elongated,  bluntly-pointed  spine.  The 
superior  spinners  are  also  widely  apart,  and  the  anal  tubercle  well  devel- 
oped. In  all  other  respects  it  is  a  true  Dijilurid.  The  interesting  novelty 
was  collected  by  Dr.  T.  Bancroft,  at  Eidsvold,  Queensland. 

Genus  Dolichosternum,-^  gen.  nov. 

Cephaluthoraj'. — Obovate,  truncated  in  front.  Pars  eephalica  ascending 
gentljr;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised;  chipeus  narrow.  Pars 
thoraclca  vetvefntiug  ;  thoracic  fovea  n\odeviite\y  deep,  procurved.  Ei/es. — 
Distributed  over  two  rows  of  four  each  ;  aiiterioi'  row  procurved,  rear 
row  recurved.  Legs. — Moderately  long,  not  strong ;  metatarsi  and  tarsi 
i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths:  4,  1,2,3.  Palpi. —  Moderately 
long,    not   strong,    tarsi    scopulated.       Falces. — Projected   well   forward  ; 


-•'  SoXixo^  narrow,  (rrtproi",  chest;   =  narrow  cTiest. 


AU.STKALIAN  TKAl'-DOOl?   SPIDRIJS RAINH(i\V   ANli    I'IMJ,KIN'K.  169 

itiiier  anj^le  only  of  furrow  of  e<ach  falx  armed  with  teeth.  Maxillm. — 
Slightly  excavated  at  base,  heel  roniided.  Labium. — Short,  broad, 
free.  Steniii))/. —  Tjoiig,  narrow,  bi'oadest  at  base,  and  terminating 
obtusely  between  fourth  pair  of  coxae;  coxae  long.  Abdomen. — Obovate. 
Spinnerets. — Superior  pair  moderately  long,  stout,  tapering,  first  joint 
longest,  the  second  sliortest  ;   inferioi'  pair  small,  close  together. 

DOLICHOSTERNUM    ATTENDATIIM,    sp.  710V. 

(PI.  xxiv.,  figs.  121  and  122.) 

$.  Cephalothorax,  8"9  nun.  long,  5"6  nun.  bi-oad  ;  abdomen,  9*6  mm. 
long,  6'6  mm.  broad  ;  sternum,  4'5  mm.  long,  1  mm.  broad  at  its  widest 
point. 

Cephalothorax. — Obovate,  ti'uncated  in  front,  arched,  dark  brown 
(nearly  black),  sparingly  clothed  with  fine  yellow  hairs.  Pars  cephalica 
smooth,  moderately  high,  ascending,  sides  somewhat  declivous,  segmental 
groove  faintly  distinct ;  ocular  area  broader  than  long,  raised  ;  clypeus 
very  narrow.  Pars  thoracica  smooth,  radial  gi'ooves  indistinct ;  tJwracic 
fovea  deep,  procurved  ;  marginal  band  narrow,  undulating,  slightly 
reflexed,  fringed  with  fine  liaiis.  Eyes. — Distributed  over  two  rows  of 
four  each  ;  front  row  slighth^  procurved,  the  rear  distinctly  recurved  ; 
eyes  of  front  row  close  together  ;  of  these  the  laterals  are  slightly  the 
laj'gest,  and  poised  obliquely  ;  anterior  medians  round  ;  rear  laterals 
elliptical,  poised  obliquely,  each  nearly  touching  its  lateral  neighbour  ; 
rear  medians  widely  separated,  elliptical  also,  smallest  of  the  gi-oup,  each 
touching  its  lateral  neighbour  (PI.  xxiv.,  fig.  121).  Legs. — Dark  reddish- 
bi'own,  moderately  long,  not  strong,  tapering,  hairy,  but  displaying 
naked  areas,  armed  with  moderately  long  black  spines  ;  metatarsi  and 
tarsi  i.  and  ii.  scopulated  ;  relative  lengths  ;  4,  1,  2,  8.  Pa/pii.-r-Moderately 
long,  not  very  strong,  similar  in  colour,  clothing  and  armature  to  legs, 
tarsi  scopulated.  Falces. — Concolorous  with  cephalothorax,  projected 
well  forward,  clothed  with  fine  hairs  and  coarse  bristles,  but  displaying 
naked  areas ;  inner  angle  of  the  furrow  of  each  falx  armed  with  six 
strong  teeth.  Maxillm. — Reddish-brown,  long,  hairy,  arched,  angle  near 
lip  slightly  excavated,  heel  well  rounded,  basal  area  thickly  studded 
with  small  spines  ;  beard  reddish  j^ellow.  Labium. — Yellowish,  modei'ately 
hairy,  arched,  submerged,  short,  broad  as  long,  apex  rounded  and  fringed 
with  long  bristles  ;  no  spines  present.  Sternum. — Elongate,  narrow, 
well  arched,  broadest  between  coxae  i.  and  ii.,  apex  obtusely  pointed,  and 
terminating  between  coxae  iv.,  surface  smooth,  and  with  the  sides 
furnished  with  a  few  long,  fine  hairs  ;  no  sigilla  present  (PI.  xxiv., 
fig.  122).  Abdomen. — Obovate,  dark  brown,  haiiy  ;  arched,  slightly 
overhanging  base  of  cephalothorax.  Spinnerets. — Dull  3'^ellowish,  hairy; 
superior  pair  tapering,  rather  widely  apart,  first  joint  longest,  second 
shortest  ;  inferior  spinners  short,  very  close  together  ;  u)iid  tubercle 
well  developed. 

Hab. — Eidsvold,  Queensland. 


I 


i 


KXI'LANATION    OF    PLATE    XII. 


Fio-.     1.  Missulena  occatoiia,  Walck.,    9,  from  above  (enlarged). 
.,       2.  ..  ,,  ,,  ,,       beiieatli        ,, 

3.  Aganippe  subtristis,  0.  P.  Canibr.,    ?    (enlarged). 

,,      10.  Dyarcyops  melancholicus,    $  ,  Raiiib.  and  Pull.,  eyes. 


REC.   AUSTIN.    MIS.,   \'()L.    XII. 


Pl.ATK    XI 


10 


R.  H.   PULLEIXE,  photo. 


EXPLANATION     OK     PLATK    XIII. 


Fig-.     4.      Ag-anippe  modesta,  Raiab.  and  Pull.,  nest  closed. 
5.  ,,  „  ,,  ,,  ,,     open. 

,,        S.      Blakistonia  anrea,  Hogg,  nests  with  lids  open  (gieatly  reduced). 


I 


REC.  AUSTR.  MUS.,  VOL.   XII 


Pl,ATK    XI  [I. 


RHP. 


,li"T\'h"     iihrirn 


lioff 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATK    XIV. 


Fig.    6.  Blakistoiiia  auiea,  Hogg,  cf . 

,,        9.  Dyarcyops  biroi,  Knlcz.,    ?  . 

,,      11.  Arbanitis  pulchellns,  Rainb.  and  Pull.,    ?. 

,,      12.  Tambouriuiana  variabilis,  Rainb.  and  Pull.,    9 


REC.  AUSTli.   .MIS.,   VOL.    XII. 


Platk  XIV. 


12 


11 


R.  H.   PCLLF.IXE,   photo. 


EXPLANATKlX    OF    rr,ATE    XV. 


Fig.     7.  Blakistonia  aurea,  Hogg,    9   (iiatni'al  size). 

„      13.  Euoplos  spinnipes,  Rainb.,    ?  ,, 

,,      16.  Armadalia  setosa,  Raiiib.  and  Pull.,    9    (enlarged). 

,,     25.  Ananie  grandis,  Rainb.  and  Pull.,    ?    (sliglitlj  enlarged). 


\{KC.  ArS'n{.   MIS.    \()L.    Xll. 


l'l,ATK    XV 


16 


25 


13 


R.  H.  PuLLEixE,  plioto. 


EXPLANATION    (iN     PLATE    XV[. 


Fig.  14.      Euoplos  spiimipes,  Rainh.,  nest  closed  (uatiiral  size). 
,,      15.  ,.  .,  ,,  nest  open  .,  ,, 


EEC.   ALS'l'K.   MIS.,   \"()L.   XII. 


Pl.AlK    XVI. 


14 


IS 


R.   H.  Pui.l.Kl.NE,  plioto. 


EXPLANATION    OF     Pr,ATE    XVTI. 

Fig.  17.  Lampropodns  sciiitillans,  Rainh.  and  Pull.,  c?,  from  above. 
,,     18.  ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  cf ,  from  beneath. 

„     19.  „  „  „  „  ? ,  from  above. 

,,     20.  ,,  ,,  ,,  „  ? ,  from  beneath. 

,,     31.  Chenistonia  major,  Hogg,  d' . 


REC.  AUSTK.  MIS.,  VOL.   Xll. 


Plate  XVII. 


17 


I  \ 

I  ^ 


18 


31 


19 


20 


R.  H.   PULLEINE,  photo. 


KXPI.ANATION    OK    I'l.ATK    Will. 


Fig.  21.  Lampropodn.s  scintillans,  Rainb.  and  Pull.,  uest  closed. 

,,     22.  ,,                       ,,                  ,,              ,,         iiest  open. 

,,     29.  Atrax  valida,  Raiiib.  aud  Pull.,   ?. 

„     30.  ,,       versuta,  Raiub.,   ?   (enlarged). 


IJKC.  AUSTK.  Mrs.,  VOL.   .\ll. 


Pl.ATK   XVI 1 1 


22 


30 


K.  H.  Pi'LLEixt:,  pliuto. 


KXIM.ANAIIOX    OK    PI.ATK    MX. 


Fig.  28.     LaiTjpropodus  iridescens,  Raiiib.  and  Pull.,  d' ,  from  above 

(enlarged). 
24.  ,,  .,  Raiub.  and  Pnll.,  cf ,  from  beneath 

(enlarsred). 


HEC.  AUSTK.   MIS.,   \()L.   XI 


Plate  XIX. 


23 


24 


R.  H.  Pdlleine,  photo. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XX. 


Fig.  26.      Auame  uebulosa,  Raiub.  and  Pull.,  entrance  to  nest. 

,,      27.  ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,        longitudinal  section  of  nest  : 

a  upper  part,  b  ball  of  earth 
in  position,  c  spider. 

,,     28.  ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,       longitudinal  section  of  nest : 


a  cuff  open,  b  ball  of  eartli, 
c  spider. 


|{K('.    AlSl'U.    MIS.,    \()L.    Xl 


I'l.ATK    XX. 


27 


28 


R.   H.    PULLEIXK,   [ihotO. 


EXPLANATION    OP    PLATE    XXI. 


Fig.  32.      Aganippe   subtristis,   0.  P.  Cambr.,  (^ ,  eyes. 

33.  Missulena  reflexa,  Rainb.  and  Pull.,  d^ ,      ,, 

34.  ,,  ,,  ,,  ,,  d,  palpus. 

35.  Aganippe  substritis,  0.  P.  Cambr.,  d' ,  apophj^sis  of  tibia  i. 

,,  cf ,  apophysis  of  palpus. 

,,  d,  palpus. 

rliapliiduca,  Rainb.  and  Pull.,  c?,  eyes. 

,,  ,,      cf ,  apophysis,   tibia  i. 

,,  ,,      cf ,  apophysis  of  palpus. 

„      d,  palpus. 
,,  ,,       9 ,  eyes. 

„       ?,     '„ 

„     9,     „ 

,,  ,,  9 ,  abdomen. 

,,  „  ? ,  eyes. 

,,  ^,  9 ,  abdomen. 

»  ?  ,  eyes. 

,,  ,,  9 ,  abdomen. 

„  ?  ,  -eyes. 

52.  Anidiops  manstfidgei,  Pocock,  d ,  eyes. 

53.  ,,  ,,  ,,         d\  palpus,  apophysis. 

54.  ,,  ,,  ,,        (f ,  palj)us. 

55.  Gaius  hirsutus,  Rainb.  and  Pull.,    9,  eyes. 

56.  Dyarcyops  ionthus,  Rainb.  and  Pull.,    9,  eyes. 


36. 

;?                      11 

37. 

11                      11 

38. 

,,         rhaphidu 

39. 

11                    11 

40. 

)1                                           >5 

41. 

,,                                           ,, 

42. 

51                                           11 

43. 

„          bancrofti 

44. 

,,          villosa. 

45. 

,,         robusta 

46. 

,,                   ,, 

47. 

,,          modesta.. 

48. 

11                    11 

49. 

,,         ornata, 

50. 

»'               )) 

51. 

,,         pelochroj 

t\  VA  .    .\\.   r>  I  [\.    M  I   1^.,     \  I  ;ii.    .\  1  1 . 


J    IjA  IK     ^\.\i. 


W.  J.  Raixhow,  del.,  Austr.  Mus. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XXII. 


Fig. 

57. 

58. 

Arba 

nitis 

gracilis,  Rf 

linb.  and  Pn 

91                                      1 

Il.l        ?, 

?1 

eyes, 
abdomen. 

59. 

, 

festivus, 

91                                      ) 

?9 

eyes. 

n 

60. 

9 

similaris, 

11                                      9 

?9 

,, 

61. 

, 

pulcliellus 

91                                      1 

?1 

19 

5  J 

62. 

9 

,, 

91                                      ) 

?9 

abdomen. 

)5 

63. 
64. 

9 

elegans, 
liirsutus, 

91                                      1 

99 
?9 

eyes. 

91 

65. 

9 

men  tan  us 

91                                      » 

Cfl 

99 

»? 

66. 

, 

19 

99                                      9 

d, 

apophysis,  tibia  i 

5) 

1? 

67. 
68. 

- 

99 

99 

91                                      9 
99                                      ? 

C?i 

9                   ?, 

palpus, 
eyes. 

») 

69. 

papiliosus. 

99                                      9 

?, 

19 

n 

70. 

inornatus. 

91                                      5 

1                    ?1 

,, 

n 

71. 

Tain 

Douriniana  varia 

bilis, 

9          9 

17 

)) 

72. 

Alba 

niana  iuornaia, 

99                                      1 

9          9 

91 

99 

73. 

,j 

ornata. 

99                                      9 

9       9 

5) 

j> 

74. 

99 

99 

11                                      1 

99 

abdomen. 

,, 

75. 

19 

villosa, 

91                                      9 

,       9 

eyes. 

„ 

76. 

,, 

flavomacu 

ata,                , 

1       9 

99 

)» 

77. 

Banc 

roft 

iana  speciosa,,                    , 

1       cT 

11 

9» 

78. 

99 

99 

91                                      9 

1         c? 

palpus. 

9) 

79. 

Arm 

adal 

ia  ornata, 

99                                      9 

9          9 

eyes. 

99 

80. 

9) 

setosa. 

19                                      9 

9          9 

99 

99 

81. 

99 

zorodes. 

99 

9          9 

9            99 

RKC.   AUSTK.  Mrs.,  VOL.   Xll. 


Pl.ATK     XX 


r 


OO 


OO 


o>     CO 
o   .  o 


foo? 


(90       00 


o       o 


0=00^ 


^oo"^ 


W.  J.  RAiNiiiiw,  del.,  Austr.  Mus. 


KXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XXIII. 


Fig.  82. .  Armadalia  pallida,       Raiiib.  and 

83.  Cataxia  tetrica,  ,, 

84.  Lampropodns  scintillaiis  ,, 

85.  ,,  ,,  ,, 


86. 

,,            iridesce 

87. 

)>                                     n 

88. 

Auanie 

villosa 

89. 

?? 

liirsuta 

90. 

,, 

51 

91. 

51 

comosa 

92. 

5» 

grandis 

93. 

,, 

aurea 

94. 

,, 

flavomaculata 

95. 

)1 

nebulosa 

96. 

»t 

,, 

97. 

,, 

11 

98. 

?» 

11 

99. 

,, 

decora 

100. 

)1 

,, 

101. 

,, 

1) 

102. 

,, 

armigeia 

103. 

?» 

,, 

104. 

51 

niaculata 

105. 

•» 

coeuosa 

Pull.,      ?  ,  ejes. 
„         ?i      1, 

cf,     „ 
,,        cf,  palpus. 

d,  eyes. 
„        cf ,  palpus. 
,,         9  ,  eyes. 
,,         ? ,      ,,     normal. 
„         9,     „     abnormal. 

15  ¥    J  ^» 

,5  95  51 

55  ?5  5, 

55  +    5  55 

11  Cf,  5, 

„        d",  palpus. 

9,  eyes. 
,,         9  ,  abdomen. 
,,         9  ,  eyes,  normal. 
„         9 ,     „      abnormal. 
,,         9  ,  abdomen. 
„        9  ,  eyes. 
,,        9  ,  falces. 

9  ,  eyes. 

Q 

51  T     ,  ,, 


REC.   AlS'l'K.   MIS.,   vol..   XI 1 


Pl.ATK   XXI 11. 


OOOo 


/,/\ 


gooS 


GO      00 


o   n 


oo 


oo 


O  O 


0  0( 


goog 


8*0  og 


W.  ,1.  Rainbow,  del.,  Austr.  Mus. 


EXPLANATION    OP    PLATE    XXIV. 


^^ig.  106. 

A  name  fuseociiicta,  Raiiib.  and  Pull., 

?, 

eyes. 

„     107. 

,, 

pulclira               ,, 

c^ 

55 

„     108. 

5) 

n                                55 

d, 

palpus. 

„     109. 

,, 

robusta                ,, 

?5 

eyes. 

„     110. 

51 

coiifusa                „ 

?, 

55 

.,     111. 

■  1 

iiitricta                 ,, 

? 

55 

„     112. 

,, 

bntleri                   ,, 

?, 

55 

„     113. 

Clieni 

stoiiia  majoi',  Hogg,   cf ,  tibia  i., 

ape 

)pbysis. 

„     11-i. 

55                              55                         55 

d^,  palpus. 

„     115. 

,,           aiiropilo.sa, 

Raiiib.  and  P 

ull. 

5    ?  5  eyes. 

„     116. 

,,            villosa 

55 

?5            55 

„     117. 

Ixainr 

tus   macalatus 

,  J 

?5            55 

„     118. 

Stanwellia  decora 

55 

?5            55 

„     119. 

Atiax 

vallida 

55 

?5            55 

„     1-20. 

Anepsiada  veiitricosa 

,, 

?5            ,5 

„     121. 

Dolicl 

lostei'nniii  attenua 

uni 

?5            55 

„     122. 

55                                                       JJ 

55 

55 

,  sterna  in  and 
jnaxillee 

\{KC.  AUSTR.  MUS.,  VOL.   XII 


I'l.ATK    XXIV 


.00 


o  o 

7*^ 


Q  O 


no      oQ 

— ^i^ — 


8b  og 


goog 


g-oo-g 


</ 
no 


T^/fV'^ 


7?; 


Soog 

— ^ir^ 


— m^ 


W.  .1.  Rainkow,  del.,  Austr.  Mns. 


STUDIES  IN  AUSTRALIAN  FISHES. 

No.  5.  * 

nv 

Allan   R.   McCullocii,   Zoologist,   Australian  Museum. 

(Plates  xxv.-xxvi.) 

Family  TORPEDINIDAE. 

Genus  ToRPKDO,  Houftid/n. 
Torpedo  (Houttuyii),  Jordan,  Genera  of  Fishes,  1917,  p.  22. 

Toia-EDO  f-'AiKCHiLDi,  Ilntton. 

(Plate  xxv). 

Torpedo  fairchildi,  Hutton,    Cat.  Fish.  N.Z.,  1872,  p.  S3,  pi.  xii.,  fig.  134. 
Id.,  Robson,  N.Z.  Journ.  Sci.,  ii.,  1886,  pp.  27,  123  (breeding). 

Torpedo  fasca,  Parker,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,  xvi.,  1884,  p.  281,  pi.  xxii.     Id., 
Gascoyne,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,  xxvii.,  1895,  p.  672. 

NarcacioH  fairchildi,  Waite,  Rec.  Cantb.  Mus.,  i.   1,    1907,   p.   8,  and  Loc. 
cit.,  i.  2,  1909,  p.  144,  pi.  xvii. 

Narcacion.   fusca,  Waite,  Loc.  cit.,  i.  1,  1907,  p.  S. 

Narcohaim  fairchildi ,  Waite,  Loc.  cit.,  i.  4,  1912,  p.  316. 

Length  of  the  disc,  from  the  snout  to  the  level  of  the  end  of  the 
ventrals,  1-17  in  its  width  ;  tail  from  the  vent  1-4  in  the  length  of  the  disc. 
Narrowest  interspiracle  width  1-3  in  the  space  between  the  eves  ;  width 
of  the  spiracle  equal  to  the  longitudinal  bulge  of  the  eye,  and  2-2  in  the 
space  between  the  eyes.  Mouth  as  wide  as  its  distance  fi'om  the  end  of 
the  snout  ;  internasal  width  equal  to  half  the  preoral  length. 

Disc  subcircular,  somewhat  flattened  in  front,  with  the  snout  scarcely 
distinguished  ;  the  posterior  angles  broadly  rounded.  Eyes  small,  their 
length  greater  than  their  distance  from  the  spiracle  ;  they  are  a  little 
nearer  to  each  other  than  to  the  anterior  margin  of  the  disc.  Spiracles 
without  fringes,  subovate  and  oblique  ;  the  interspiracle  width  much  less 
than  the  space  between  the  eyes.  Each  nostril  with  a  free  upstanding 
lobe  posteriorly,  and  a  second  pointed  one  overhanging  the  upper  lip  ; 
internasal  valve  subquadrangular,  the  angles  rounded  ;  the  posterior  mar- 
gin incised  on  the  median  line,  where  there  is  a  small  fleshy  tubercle. 
Teeth  in  a  band  in  each  jaw,  with  broad  bases  and  sharp  upstanding  points. 
Skin  everywhere  smooth,  the  lateral  line  well  defined  on  each  side  of  the 
back. 

The  first  dorsal  fin  rounded,  the  middle  of  its  base  above  the  junction 
of  the  ventral  fin  with  the  tail ;   its  height,  measured  from  its  origin  to  its 

*  For  No.  4,  see  "  Records,"  xi..  1917,  p.  163. 


172  RECORDS    OF    THE    ACSTRALIAX    MUSEUM. 

tip  is  about  one  half  greater  than  that  of  tlie  second  dorsal,  and  is  equal 
to  the  distance  between  the  outer  angles  of  the  spiracles  ;  its  hinder  edge 
is  a  little  behind  the  posterior  angles  of  the  ventrals.  Second  dorsal  of 
similar  forai  to  the  first,  and  much  nearer  it  than  the  tail.  Ventrals 
rounded,  a  small  angular  lobe  projecting  from  the  claspers.  Caudal  lai'ge, 
subtruncate,  its  depth  much  greater  than  its  length  ;  the  peduncle  is  dis- 
tinctly keeled  laterally,  and  the  vertebral  portion  does  not  neai'ly  reach 
the  margin  of  the  fin. 

Colour. — Chocolate  brown  above,  white  below. 

Described  and  figui'ed  from  an  adult  male  specimen  470  mm.  wide. 

Identity. — In  identifying  thi,s  specimen  as  T.  fairchildi,  I  rely  upon 
Waite's  description  and  figure  rather  than  upon  the  original  definition  and 
illustration  of  the  species,  which  were  evidently  very  faulty.  I  have  also 
accepted  the  synonymy  as  determined  by  him. 

Loc. — This  specimen  was  obtained  by  the  State  Trawlers  nine  miles 
N.  170°  E.  of  Green  Cape,  New  South  Wales,  in  forty-nine  fathoms,  from 
a  bottom  of  sand  and  stones.  It  was  presented  to  the  Trustees  of  the 
Australian  Museum  by  Mr.  David  Gr.  Stead,  General  Manager  of  the  State 
Trawling  Industry,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  the  privilege  of  recording 
the  fii^st  species  of  the  genus  Torpedo  recognised  from  Australian  waters. 

Family  ALBULIDtE. 

Genus  Albula  (Gro)iow),  Scopoli. 

Albula  vulpes,  Linne. 

Albula  conorhynchus,  Saville  Kent,  "  Great  Barrier  Reef,"  1893,  p.  302. 

Albula  vulpes,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  xxi.,  1908,  p.  1.     Id.,  Weber 
and  Beaufort,  Fish.  Indo-Austr.  Arch.,  ii.,  1913,  p.  7,  fig.  5. 

Albula  glossodonta,  Ogilby,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  v.,  1916,  p.  96. 

A  large  specimen,  603  mm.  long  from  the  snout  to  the  end  of  the 
middle  caudal  rays,  was  forwarded  by  the  Fisheries  Department  earh'  in 
June,  1918,  from  Woy  Woy,  near  Sydne3^  Its  prevailing  colour  was  a 
rich  pink.  It  does  not  differ  from  two  smaller  examples  from  Maleknla, 
New  Hebrides,  and  Hood  Bay,  Papua,  Though  recorded  from  Queensland, 
this  species  has  not  been  previously  recognised  south  of  Moreton  Bay. 

Family  CLUPEID^. 

Genus  Sardinia,  Poey. 

Sardinia  negpilcharpds,  Steiiidachiier. 

Australian  Pilchard. 

(Plate  xxvi.,  fig.  1.) 

Clupea  melanosticta,  McCoy,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.   (3),  xx.,   1867,  p.  188 
(not  of  Schlegel). 


STL'DIKS    IN    ATSl  |;AI,IA\     FISHKS .Mcri'LLOCH.  173 

Clnpea  i^ajn.i',  Castelnau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  i.,  LS72,  p.  Ls?,  and  Proc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  iii.,  187!),  p.  855.  hi.,  Hutton,  Cat.  Fisli.  N. 
Zeal.,  1872,  p.  68,  and  Hector,  Ihid,  p.  119,  pi.  xi.,  ti^.  110.  Id., 
Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  iv.,  1879,  p.  371,  and  Ibid.,  vi., 
1882,  p.  258.  Id.,  Johnston,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Tasm.,  1882  (1883),  p. 
133  and  Ibid.,  1890  (1891),  p.  37.  Id.,  Arthur,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst., 
XV.,  1883,  p.  208,  pi.  xxxiv.,  fig.  2.  Id.,  Ogilby,  Cat.  Fish.  N.S. 
Wales,  1886,  p.  56,  and  Ed.  Fish.  N.S.Wales,  1893,  p.  180,  pi.  xlv. 
Id.,  Lucas,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict.  (2),  ii.,  1890,  p.  37^.  Id.,  Hutton, 
Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,  xxii.,  1890,  p.  284,  and  Index  Faun.  N.Zeal.,  1904, 
p.  51.  Id.,  Waite,  Rec.  Cantb.  Mus.,  i.,  1907,  p.  10.  Id.,  Zietz,  Trans. 
Roy.  Soc.  S.Austr.,  xxxii.,  1908,  p.  294  (not  (I.  saja.r.,  Jenyns). 

Clupeu  )ieo2)ilchardi!x,  Steindachuer,  Denk.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wieii.,  xli.  i.,  1879, 
p.  12.  Id.,  Klunzinger,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p. 
416.  Id.,  Waite,  Rec.  Cautb.  Mus.,  i.  3,  1911,  p.  158,  and  Ibid.,  i. 
4,  p.  317. 

Clupcniodon  neopilchardiis,  Waite,  Mem.  Austr.  Mus.,  iv.  1,  1899,  p.  53, 
and  Mem.  N.S.Wales  Nat.  Club,  No.  2,  1904,  p.  13,  and  Rec.  Austr. 
Mus.,  vi.  1,  1905,  p.  58.  Id.,  Stead,  Ed.  Fish  N.S.Wales,  1908,  p.  25, 
pi.  iv.     Id.,  McCulloch,  Zool.  Res.  "Endeavour,"  i.  1,  1911,  p.  17. 

Amblygaster  iieopilchurdiis,  Cockerell,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  iii.,  1915,  p.  36 
(scales).  Id.,  Ogilby,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  v.,  1916,  p.  98.  Id.,  Waite, 
Austr.  Antarctic  Expd.,  iii.  1,  1916,  pp.  56,  81. 

Sardina  nenpilchardiis,  Regan,  Brit.  Antarctic  Expd.,  Zool.,  i.  4,  1916,  p. 
136,  pi.  v.,  figs.  3-4  (larvae),  and  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xviii., 
1916,  p.  14,  pi.  i.,  fig.  2. 

Br.  7.  D.  4  +  14-15;  A.  3  +  13-14  +  2  ;  P.  17-18  ;  V.  7-8 ;  C. 
19.  Forty-nine  rows  of  scales  between  the  operculum  and  the  hypural 
joint,  seventeen  on  the  back  before  the  doi'sal  fin,  and  twelve  between  the 
dorsal  and  ventral  fins.     Vertebrae  forty-nine. 

Depth  4'9  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  39  in  the  same. 
Breadth  behind  the  head  1"7  in  the  depth.  Eye  4'05  in  the  head,  and  1*3 
in  the  snout,  which  is  3'1  in  the  head. 

Body  moderately  elongate,  compressed,  the  ventral  profile,  more 
curved  than  the  back.  Maxillary  broad,  rounded  posteriorly,  reaching  to 
below  the  anterior  third  or  fourth  of  the  eye,  and  scarcely  attaining  the 
vertical  of  the  anterior  border  of  the  pupil  ;  its  surface  bears  two  strong 
ridges,  and  the  upper  portion  is  covered  by  a  broad  supplemental  bone 
which  is  expanded  posteriorly.  Cheek,  between  the  e^'e  and  the  anterior 
end  of  the  preoperculum,  as  deep  as  the  eye.  Cheek,  preopercular  border, 
and  upper  portion  of  operculum  with  arborescent  mucous  canals.  Oper- 
culum with  five  or  six  striae  descending  towards  the  suboperculum. 
Nostrils  supero-lateral,  juxtaposed,  and  nearer  the  end  of  the  snout  than 
the  eye.  Upper  surface  of  head  flat,  with  bony  ridges,  the  occiput  with 
two  triangular,  striate  patches.  Jaws  and  palate  without  teeth.  Gill- 
rakers  fine  and  closely  set,  the  longest  equal  to  the  length  of  the  eye  ; 
seventy-three  on  the  lower  limb  of  the  first  arch. 


174  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MUSEU.M. 

Scales^  decidaous,  largest  on  the  sides,  becoming  smaller  backwards. 
Ventral  scutes  keeled,  but  not  prominent ;  about  nineteen  before  the 
ventral  fins,  and  about  fifteen  more  to  the  vent.  Elongate  scales  cover  the 
bases  of  the  dorsal,  anal,  pectoral  and  ventral  fins ;  two  enlarged,  leaf-like 
scales  on  each  side  of  the  caudal. 

Origin  of  the  dorsal  fin  a  little  nearer  the  snout  than  the  last  ray  is  to 
the  hypural  joint.  Fourth  and  fifth  dorsal  rays  longest,  slightly  longer  than 
the  base  of  the  fin ;  the  others  decrease  rapidly  backwards,  and  the  mar- 
gin of  the  fin  is  slightly  concave.  Venti'als  inserted  below  or  a  little 
behind  the  middle  of  the  dorsal.  Pectoral  inserted  below  the  angle  of 
the  suboperculum,  its  upper  rays  longest,  reaching  about  three-fourths 
of  its  distance  from  the  vertical  of  the  first  dorsal  ray.  Third  and  fourth 
anal  rays  longest,  the  others  deci'easing  backwards  to  the  penultimate 
which,  with  the  last,  is  enlarged.      Caudal  deeply  fprked. 

Colour. — Dark  blue  above,  changing  abruptly  into  the  silver  of  the 
sides.  Each  scale  of  the  back  with  a  small  blackish  basal  spot,  and  a  row 
of  round  blackish  spots  along  the  junction  of  the  blue  with  the  silver. 
Tips  of  jaws  blackish.  Eye  silvery.  Dorsal  and  caudal  fins  tipped  with 
blackish  dots. 

Described  from  six  specimens  taken  from  a  large  shoal  which  entered 
Botany  Bay  in  the  middle  of  July,  1917.  They  were  secured  at 
Sandringham  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Wright,  and  are  of  about  equal  size.  The 
specimen  figured  is  190  mm.  long. 

Ocimrrence. — Pilchards  occur  in  vast  shoals  on  the  coast  of  New  South 
Wales  in  the  colder  months,  but  veiy  little  definite  information  relative 
to  their  habits  and  migrations  is  available.  The  following  remarks  are 
collected  from  various  papers  published  in  Victoi'ia,  New  South  Wales  and 
New  Zealand. 

McCoy^  recorded  the  occun-ence  of  Pilchards  in  Hobsons  Ba}',  Victoria, 
in  August,  1864-1866.  They  arrived  in  such  countless  numbers  in  the 
latter  year,  that  carts  were  filled  with  them  by  simply  dipping  them  out 
of  the  sea  with  large  baskets.  Hundreds  of  tons  of  the  fish  were  sent  to 
the  inland  Victorian  markets,  and  they  were  sold  in  Melbourne  for  sevei'al 
weeks  by  the  bucket-full  for  a  few  pence.  Captains  of  ships  entering 
Hobson's  Bay,  reported  having  passed  through  shoals  of  Pilchards  for 
miles.  Ogilby  (1893)  noted  that  Pilchards  annually  pass  along  the  New 
South  Wales  coast  in  incredible  multitudes.  Macleay  (1879)  ascertained 
from  the  fishermen  that  their  annual  visit  to  the  New  South  Wales  coast 
was  about  June  and  July,  when  enormous  shoals  were  generally  observed 
one  to  three  miles  from  the  land,  and  migrating  northwards.  According 
to  Stead  (1908)  shoals  of  mature  Pilchards,  nine  to  ten  inches  long,  are 
usually  making  northwai'd  along  the  New  South  Wales  coast  in  September, 
and  small  bodies  of  them  are  often  found  among  Mackerel  of  equal  size 
and  vice  versn. 

The  Pilchard  is  equally  abundant  in  New  Zealand  waters.  Artliur 
(1883)  records  that  they  occur  all  the  year  round  at  Queen  Charlotte 
Sound,  but  only  enter  the  shallower  bays  during  winter.     They  prefer 

'   Scales  described  by  Cockerell — Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  iii..  1915,  p.  36. 
2  McCoy— Intercolonial  Exhibition  Essays,  1866-1867,  p.  319. 


STUniKS    IN    Al>l  KALIAN'     KlSllKS McCUl.LOCH.  175 

colder  water,  and  so  leave  the  shallows  when  the  spring  sets  in.  lu 
winter,  they  occur  in  large  shoals,  when  they  are  systematically  tished  foi% 
but  they  keep  apart  daring  the  summer.  Four  smoke-houses  were 
employed  in  curing  the  tish  in  1882,  and  the  average  haul  of  the  nets  was 
one-and-a-half  to  two  tons,  but  at  times,  hauls  of  ten  tons  were  secured. 
Henry^  obtained  half  a  baker's  basket  full  of  Pilchards  at  Queenscliff,  New 
Zealand,  in  1902,  by  simply  dipping  it  in  the  water.  The  air  was  alive 
with  birds,  and  the  water  with  porpoises  alid  various  fishes  preying  upon 
the  pilchards.  Hector  (1872)  recorded  a  shoal  migrating  southwards  east  of 
Otago,  New  Zealand,  which  extended  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach.  It  was 
followed  by  a  multitude  of  Gulls,  Mutton-birds,  Barracouta  and  Porpoises, 
and  the  tish  were  so  densely  packed  that  a  pitcher  might  be  half-filled 
with  them  by  simply  dipping  it  in  the  sea. 

Notwithstanding  their  great  abundance,  and  value  as  food.  Pilchards 
are  rarely  seen  in  the  markets  in  Australia.  Ogilby  (1898)  noted  that  the 
number  observed  in  the  markets  over  a  space  of  eight  years  could  be 
counted  on  the  fingers  of  one  hand.  Stead*,  also  speaking  with  experience 
of  our  mai'kets,  remarked  that  with  the  exception  of  an  occasional  basket 
or  two  of  Pilchards,  offered  as  bait  rather  than  for  human  consumption, 
this  fish  does  not  usually  pay  toll.  On  one  occasion,  however,  in  1908, 
about  forty  baskets-full  were  netted,  and  after  being  salted  and  smoked, 
were  readily  sold. 

As  food. — Accoi'ding  to  Arthur  (1883)  the  New  Zealand  Pilchard  is 
exceedingly  good  when  fried,  and  is  sold  when  smoked  as  the  "  Picton 
Hen'ing."  Stead  (1908)  states  that  they  smoke  well,  and  a  small  quantity 
is  so  treated  annually  in  New  South  Wales.  Some  which  were  captured 
with  those  described  above,  were  found  to  be  quite  good  eating,  but 
with  a  tendency  to  quickly  become  I'ather  soft. 

Breeding. — Nothing  definite  appears  to  have  been  recorded  relative 
to  the  reproduction  of  the  Pilchard  in  Australian  watei-s.  According  to 
Arthur  (1883),  they  spawn  during  the  summer  in  New  Zealand,  and  are 
always  very  full  of  roe  about  Christmas  time,  when  they  are  found  in 
small  shoals.  Larval  specimens,  12-18  mm.  long,  have  been  described  and 
figured  by  Regan  (1916).  These  were  collected  near  North  Cape,  New 
Zealand  at  a  depth  of  three  metres,  on  1st  September,  1911. 

Common  Names. — This  tish  is  generally  recognised  as  the  Pilchard  or 
Sardine.  Macleay  noted  that  the  fishermen  near  Sydney  called  it  "Maray," 
a  name  also  applied  to  other  species  of  Herrings,  while  it  is  sold  in  New 
Zealand  in  the  smoked  state  as  "  Picton  Herring." 

Rnnge. — On  the  eastern  coast  of  Australia,  the  Pilchard  ranges  from 
Tasmania  (Johnston,  1882)  northwards  to  Moreton  Bay  and  Herve}^  Baj'^, 
Queensland  (Ogilby,  1916).  Zietz  (1908)  included  it  in  a  list  of  South 
Australian  fishes,  and  Waite  (1905)  recorded  Western  Australian  speci- 
mens. It  ranges  from  north  to  south  in  New  Zealand,  being  observed  at 
Auckland  (Sherrin,  1886),  and  recorded  from  the  Auckland  Islands  by 
Waite  (1916). 

3  Henry— Trans.  N.  Zeal.  Inst.,  xxxiv.,  1902,  p.  570. 

*  Stead — Future     of     Commercial     Marine     Fishing    in    N.S.Wales     (p.    17). 
N.S.Wales  Fisheries  Departtnent,  Pamphlet,  1911. 


176  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Family  STROMATEIDAE. 

Genus  Centrolophus,  Laci'pkJe. 

Centrolophus  maoricus,  Ogilhy. 

(Plate  xxvi.,  fig.  2.) 

Central opli as  niaoriciis,  Ogilby,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  ii.  5,  1893,  p.  64.  IJ., 
Regan,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (7),  x.,  1902,  p.  195,  and  Brit.  Antarctic 
Exped.,  Zool.  i.  1,  191-i,  p.  19,  and  i.  4,  1916,  p.  144,  pi.  x.,  fig.  7 
(post  lai^va). 

D.  39  ;  A.  25;  P.  20  ;  y.  i/5  ;  C.  17.  One  hundred  and  sixty  or  more 
rows  of  scales  below  the  lateral  line  between  the  operculum  and  the  base 
of  the  tail. 

Depth  below  the  highest  dorsal  rays  4*08  in  the  length  from  the  snout 
to  the  base  of  the  tail ;  head  4-5  in  the  same.  Eye  slightly  shorter  than 
the  snout,  4'2  in  the  head.  Interorbital  width  a  little  greater  than  the 
length  of  the  snout,  which  is  4  in  the  head.  Longest  dorsal  and  anal  rays 
about  25,  pectoral  1"7,  and  ventral  3  in  the  head. 

Body  compressed,  the  upper  profile  less  arched  than  the  lowei\ 
Snout  obtusely  rounded,  the  upper  profile  of  the  head  a  little  oblique,  its 
junction  with  the  neck  defined  by  a  slight  prominence.  Nostrils  approx- 
imate, in  the  anterior  third  of  the  snout ;  the  anterior  rounded  and  slightly 
larger  than  the  posterior,  which  is  oval.  Eye  lai'ge,  vertically  elliptical, 
and  surrounded  by  a  prominent  naked  lid.  Mouth  oblique,  the  maxilla 
I'eaching  to  below  the  anterior  portion  of  the  eye.  Teeth  cardiform,  in  a 
single  row  in  each  jaw,  but  irregular  and  almost  biserial  in  the  anterior 
portion  of  the  premaxillaries ;  palate  and  tongue  toothless.  Gill-rakers 
massive,  flat,  with  setiform  spines  on  their  hinder  margins ;  thirteen  on 
the  lower  limb  of  the  first  arch,  the  length  of  the  posterior  almost  equal 
to  half  the  width  of  the  eye.  Margins  of  the  preoperculum,  suboperculum 
and  interoperculum  membranaceous  and  finely  lobulate. 

Scales  cover  the  greater  part  of  the  operculum,  interoperculum  and 
suboperculum  ;  the  rest  of  the  head  is  naked  and  closely  pitted  with 
minute  pores.  The  scales  commence  abruptly  on  the  nape,  and  extend 
over  the  greater  part  of  the  vertical  fins  and  onto  the  base  of  Ihe  pectorals. 
They  are  cycloid  and  concentrically  striated  ;  where  they  are  removed, 
their  pits  often  show  a  median  pore.  Lateral  line  extending  backward 
horizontally  for  a  short  distance,  thence  dipping  towards  the  middle  of  the 
body,  which  is  reached  above  the  origin  of  the  anal  fin. 

Dorsal  fin  originating  above  the  end  of  the  pectoral  fin,  its  anterior 
rays  deeplj'  imbedded  in  the  skin  and  difficult  to  distinguish  ;  tliey  increase 
gradually  in  length  to  the  eleventh,  which,  with  a  few  following  it,  form 
a  slightly  elevated  lobe  to  the  fin  ;  the  rays  then  decrease  gradually  in 
length  backwards  so  that  the  margin  of  the  fin  is  almost  sti'aight.  Anal 
of  similar  form  to  the  dorsal,  the  length  of  its  base  about  once  and  two- 
thirds  in  that  of  the  dorsal  ;  the  last  ray  is  well  behind  that  of  the  dorsal. 
Caudal  deeply  emarginate,  its  lobes  pointed.  Ventrals  small,  inserted 
before  the  vertical  of  the  pectoral  base  ;  the  spine  is  weak,  and  the  last 
i"ay  is  united  to  the  abdomen  by  membrane. 


STUDIES    IN    AUSI'IJALIAN    FISHES McCULLOCH.  177 

Colour. — Dark  slatej'-brown  above,  gradually  changing  to  leaden-silver 
below.  Head  brown  above,  leaden-silver  on  the  sides.  Vertical  tins 
similar  to  the  body  ;   outer  sides  of  the  veutrals  and  pectorals  lighter. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  740  mm.  long  from  the  snout 
to  the  end  of  tlie  middle  caudal  rays.  It  differs  from  Ogilby's  description 
in  several  characters,  but  a  comparison  of  it  with  the  holotype  of  the 
species,  which  is  stuffed  in  the  Australian  Museum  collection,  shows  it  to 
be  similar  in  all  details. 

Loc. — This  specimen  was  found  washed  up  on  a  beach  at  the  entrance 
to  Crookhaven,  New  South  Wales.  It  was  slightly  damaged,  parts  of  the 
eye  and  caudal  peduncle  having  been  eaten  awaj',  but  was  otherwise  in 
splendid  condition.  The  specimen  was  presented  to  the  Trustees  of  the 
Australian  Museum  by  the  Fisheries  Department  of  New  South  Wales. 

No  species  of  the  genus  Centrolophus  has  hitherto  been  recognised 
from  Australian  waters. 

Family  SYNANCEJID^. 

Genus  Erosa,  Sioainson. 

Erosa  erosa,  Langsdorf. 

Erosa  erosa  (Langsdorf),  Jordan  and  Starks,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxvii. 
1904,  p.  156,  fig.  16. 

Erosa  iridea,  Ogilby,  New  Fish.  Qld.  Coast,  1910,  p.  113. 

Having  compared  the  type  of  E.  iridea,  which  is  80  mm.  long,  with  a 
small  Japanese  example  of  E.  erosa,  46  mm.  long,  I  find  no  differences 
other  than  small  details  of  the  cephalic  structure,  which  are  evidently  due 
to  the  very  different  sizes  of  the  specimens. 

Loc. — Nineteen  miles  N.  30°  W.  from  Double  Island  Point,  Queensland ; 
33  fathoms. 


EXTLAKATION    OF    PLATE    XXV. 


Torpedo  fidfchildi,  Hutton.      A   specimen   470  mm.  wide,  from   off   Green 
Cape,  New  South  Wales. 


\{VA\  ArsTi;.  MIS..  \()i..  xii 


I'l.Aii;   XXV 


l'\  A.  MrNKii.i,.  ,1,.!.,  Aiisti-.  Ml 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XXVI. 


Fig.   1.      Sardinia  neopilcliardm,   Steindachner.        A    specimen    190  mra. 
long,  from  Botany  Bay,  New  South  Wales. 

Fig.   2.      Centrolophus  maoricm,  Ogilby.     A  specimen  740  mm.  long,  from 
Crookhaven,  New  South  Wales. 


\{VA\   AIS'I'K.   MIS..    \'()L.    Xll. 


I 'I, mi;    XWI. 


A.  R.  McCi;r,Locii  atul  K.  J.  Kimukh.'N-,  dd..  Ansti'.  Mas. 


AN  ANCIENT  EGYPTIAN  COFFIN  IN  THE  AUSTRALIAN 

MUSEUM. 

Translations  and  Explanations  of  the  Hieroglyphs 

i;v 

A.   RowK 

(Lecturei'  on  Archaeology  for  the  Workers'  Educational  Association, 

Adelaide,  and  author  of  "  Guide  to  Egyptian  Antiquities 

in  South  Australian  Museum.") 

(Plate  xxvii.) 

One  of  the  most  interesting  and  valuable  objects  in  the  Archaeological 
Collection  of  the  Australian  Museum,  Sj'dney,  is  undoubtedly  the  wooden 
box-sliaped  ancient  Eg^-ptian  coffin  which  was  found  some  few  years  ago, 
in  a  tomb,  at  a  place  in  Upper  Egypt  called  Beni-Hasan.  According  to 
the  printed  descriptive  label  attached  to  the  glass  containing  case,  it 
seems  that  when  the  tomb  was  opened  up  it  was  discovered  that  the  gi^ave 
had  been  rifled  and  the  mummy  i-emoved  from  the  coffin.  It  is  quite 
possible  that  the  latter  itself  has  suffered  somewhat  as  the  result  of  the 
depredations  of  the  unknown  thieves,  for  the  inscriptions  and  paintings 
are  in  a  rather  poor  state  of  preservation  ;  indeed,  in  some  instances,  the 
hieroglyphs  are  entirely  obliterated. 

The  style  of  the  coffin  shows  us  that  we  can  date  it  to  the  12th 
Dynasty,  that  is  to  say,  to  somewhere  about  2,300  B.C.,  at  which  time 
Amen-em-hat  III.  was  the  ruler  of  Egypt.  This  king  carried  out  large 
irrigation  works  in  connection  with  the  great  natni'al  reservoir  in  the 
Fayyum,  which  was  known  to  the  Greeks  as  Lake  Moeris.  He  is  also 
thought  to  have  built  the  Labyrinth,  which  the  old  historian  Herodotus 
says  contained  twelve  courts,  and  three  thousand  chambers,  one  thousand 
five  hundi'ed  above  ground  and  one  thousand  five  hundred  under  ground, 
and  covered  an  area  about  1,000  feet  long  and  800  feet  broad  ;  this  huge 
building  was  dedicated  to  the  crocodile-god  Sebek,  and  many  sacred  croco- 
diles were  buried  in  a  place  specially  set  apart  for  them. 

At  the  early  date  of  which  we  are  speaking  the  great  Babylonian 
Empire  had  not  been  founded  ;  the  whole  of  Europe — with  the  exception, 
perhaps,  of  the  isles  of  Cyprus  and  Crete,  which  were  in  the  Early  Bi^onze 
Age — was  in  the  Stone  Age  culture ;  while  the  great  Aryan  influx  from 
west  central  Asia  did  not  take  place  for  at  least  another  two  hundred 
years.  The  Hebrews,  themselves,  must  have  been  simply  wandering  tribes 
living  in  Bedawin  fashion  amid  the  vast  sandy  wastes  of  Northern  Meso- 
potamia, where  they  possibly  originated,  and  worshipping  the  tribal  god 
Yaweh,  whom,  at  a  later  date,  they  identified  with  the  God  of  the  L'ni- 
verse.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  is  generally  held  that  it  was  not  until  the 
time  of  Khammurabi,  a  king  of  the  First  Babylonian  Dynasty  (about  B.C. 
2,000)  that  the  traditional  tribal  leader  Abi'aham  led  the  Hebrews  down 
from  Northern  Mesopotamia,  thi'ough  Syria,  where  he  defeated  the  five 
kings,  to  Southern  Canaan. 


180  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN  MDSEU.M. 

Although  more  than  four  tliousand  years  liave  passed  away  since  the 
inscriptions  and  paintings  were  executed  on  the  coffin  sides  and  lid,  yet 
we  are  able  to  read  nearly  all  the  texts  and  to  learn  the  name  of  the  person 
for  whom  the  case  was  made.  The  hieroglyphs,  which  comprise  sevei^al 
hundreds  of  curious  signs — gods,  men,  birds,  animals,  and  various  ani- 
mate and  inanimate  objects — contain  prayers  to  the  gods  of  the  Other 
World  for  sepulchral  offerings  and  felicity  in  the  "  Fields  of  Peace." 
These  prayers  belong  to  the  oldest  form  of  the  "  Book  of  the  Dead,"  or 
Ancient  Egyptian  Funeral  Liturgy,  which  we  term  the  Heliopolitan 
Recension  (on  account  of  its  being  promulgated  by  the  priests  of  Heliopolis, 
the  On  of  the  Old  Testament)  to  distinguish  it  from  the  later  Theban 
and  Saite  Recensions.  The  object  of  all  the  ceremonies  and  formulae 
contained  in  the  "Book  of  the  Dead  "  was  to  endow  the  dead  body  with 
power  to  resist  corruption,  and  to  ensure  it  a  renewed  and  beatified 
existence  with  the  gods. 

The  deceased's  name,  which  appears  in  several  places  on  the  coffin, 
is  Neter-Nekht ;  he  was  the  son  of  some  person  the  latter  part  of  whose 

name,    ti,   only  can  be  read  due  to  the  fact  of  certain  hieroglyphs 

being  obliterated.  According  to  the  Museum's  descriptive  label  one  reads 
that  Neter-Nekht  (i.e.,  "  Strong  in  god  ")  was  the  son  of  "  Hetep,"  but 
from  a  close  examination  of  what  remains  of  the  signs  for  the  name  in 
question,  the  present  writer  has  no  hesitation  in  saying  that  this  rendering 
is  hardly  correct. 

Neter-Nekht  was  a  "  mer  ahet  "  or  "Overseer  of  Farm  Lands,"  wliich 
was  a  very  important  office  in  ancient  Nilotic  days. 

For  the  sake  of  clearness,  and  in  order  that  the  reader,  if  he  so  desires, 
may  be  able  to  compare  the  inscriptions  drawn  in  plate,  with  those  painted 
on  the  coffin,  each  side  of  the  case  will  be  ti^eated  separately.  The 
numbers  in  the  following  text  refer  to  the  numbers  on  the  plate. 

The  Cop II  of  Neter-NelcJit. 

Southern  end: — This  contains  three  separate  lines  of  texts,  which  read  as 
follows: — Jlorizontal  text — (1)  "The  devotee  before  Isis,  whose  word 
is  right  and  true."  Ferpendiculnr  fe.ds — (2)  "  Devotee  before  Serqet, 
Neter-Nekht";  (3)  "Devotee  before  the  Little  Company  of  Gods, 
Neter-Nekht." 

Expl(V}iiition.H — Line  (1)  Isis  was  one  of  the  greatest  of  all  the 
Egyptian  goddesses;  she  was  the  wife  of  Osiris,  the  supreme  judge  of  the 
dead,  and  is  usually  depicted  as  a  woman,  with  a  head-dress  in  the  form 
of  a  seat,  the  value  of  the  hieroglyph  for  which  forms  her  name.  (2) 
Serqet  was  a  scorpion-goddess.  (3)  At  Heliopolis,  the  priests  proclaimed 
the  existence  of  three  Companies  of  the  gods  ;  the  first  Company  was  called 
the  "  Great,"  the  second  the  "  Little,"  and  the  third  had  no  special  title  : 
these  Companies  represented  the  gods  of  heaven,  earth  and  Other 
Woi'ld  respectively.  The  "  Little  Company  of  Gods  "  which  is  mentioned 
on  the  end  of  the  coffin  under  review  was  formed  of  eleven  deities. 

Northern  end: — This  end  also  contains  three  lines  of  texts: — llarizoiitnl 
lg_rt  —  (4)       "The    devotee    before    Ne])htliys.  "        Vcriicitdicidnr    texts  — 


AN    ANCIKNI'    KiiYI'l'lAX    COFKIN KMlWR,  181 

(5)  "  The  devotee  before  the  Great  Company  of  Gods,  Neter-Nekht, 
whose  word  is  riwlit  and  ti-ne ;"  (0)  "The  devotee  before  Neith,  Neter- 
Nekht." 

Explanations — (4)  Nephthys,  another  great  goddess  of  the  Other 
World,  was  the  sister  of  Osiris  and  Tsis.  (5)  The  "  Great  Company  of 
Gods  "  consisted  of  between  ten  to  thirteen  deities.  (6)  Neith  person- 
ified the  place  in  the  sky  where  the  sun  rises.  In  one  form  she  was  the 
goddess  of  the  loom  and  shuttle,  and  also  of  the  chase,  while  in  another 
aspect  she  appears  in  tlie  likeness  of  a  cow. 

Lid  : — This  contains  a  single  line  of  hieroglyphs  which  I'eads : — (7)  "May 
the  king  give  an  offering  !  The  god  Auubis,  the  lord  of  the  town  of  Sepa, 
the  dweller  in  the  divine  house  ;  may  he  grant  that  thou  may  traverse 
heaven,  and  that  thou  may  be  united  to  (i.e.,  arrive  at)  the  double-staircase 

of  the  Great  God,  the  lord  of  heaven,  0  Neter-Nekht,  son  of ti." 

Explanations — (7)  The  words  "  May  the  king  give  an  offering  "  are 
written  at  the  commencement  of  most  ancient  Egyptian  sepulchral  inscrip- 
tions. When  we  recollect  that  the  king  was  considered  a  god,  and 
worshipped  as  such,  we  are  not  surprised  when  we  read  that  every  pious 
Egyptian  prayed  to  him  for  an  offering,  just  as  he  prayed  to  Osiris  and 
Ra,  or  to  the  other  deities  who  dwelt  in  heaven.  Anubis,  who  was  a  god  in 
jackal-form,  presided  over  embalmment  ceremonies ;  the  phrase  "  divine 
house  "  doubtless  refers  to  the  tomb-chamber  wherein  the  god  was  supposed 
to  dwell.  The  "  gi-eat  god,  the  lord  of  heaven  "  was  Osiris,  who  was 
believed  to  sit  on  a  throne  at  the  top  of  a  flight  of  stairs. 

Western  end  : — This  contains  one  horizontal  line  and  four  perpendicular 
lines  of  text : — Horizontal  text — (8)  "  May  grant  a  royal  offering  Anubis, 
he  who  is  upon  his  hill,  the  dweller  in  the  mummy  chamber,  the  lord 
of  the  Holy  Land,  and  a  beautiful  burial  in  the  Mountain  of  the  West 
[so  that]  he  (i.e.,  the  deceased),  may  journey  in  peace,  in  peace,  to  his 
tomb-chamber  in  Neter-Kher.  Neter-Nekht."  Perpendicular  texts — (9) 
"  Devotee  before  Hapi,  Neter-Nekht ;"  (10)  "  Devotee  before  Geb,  Neter- 
Nekht  ;"  (11)  "Devotee  before  Nut,  Neter-Nekht;"  (12)  "Devotee 
before  Qebhseunuf,  Neter-Nekht." 

Explanations — (8)  The  god  Anubis  has  already  been  described. 
The  "  Mountain  of  the  West"  was  a  common  name  for  the  whole  region 
containing  the  abode  of  the  dead,  which  was  situated  in  the  high  hills  on 
the  western  bank  of  the  Nile.  "  Neter-Kher "  was  the  name  for  the 
cemeteiy  itself ;  it  means,  literally,  "Divine  Subterranean  Place."  (9) 
Hapi,  a  dog-headed  god,  protected  the  small  intestines  of  the  deceased 
which  were  removed  in  the  process  of  embalmment.  (10)  Geb,  a  goose- 
shaped  deity,  was  the  god  of  the  earth.  (11)  Nut  was  the  great  goddess 
of  the  sky.  (12)  Qebhsennuf,  a  hawk-headed  deity,  pi'otected  the  liver 
and  gall  bladder  of  the  deceased. 

Eastern  end  : — One  horizontal  line  and  four  perpendicular  lines  of  text : 
— Horizontal  text — (13)  "May  the  king  give  an  offering;  and  Osiris, 
the  lord  of  the  town  of  Busii-is,  the  great  god,  the  lord  of  the  town  of 
Abydos,  may  he  grant  sepulchral  offerings  of  cakes  and  ale,  oxen  and  geese, 


182  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAX    MUSETM. 

linen  garments,  incense,  oil,  and  everything  beautiful,  to  the  overseer  of 
the  farm-lands,  Neter-Nekht."  Perpendicular  texts — (14)  "Devotee 
before  Amseth,  Neter-Nekht ;"  (15)  "  Devotee  before  Shu,  Neter-Nekht ;" 
(16)  "Devotee  before  Tefnut,  Neter-Nekht ;"  (17)  "  Devotee  before 
Duamutef,  Neter-Nekht." 

Explmuitions — (13)  This  line  needs  no  discussion.  (14)  Amsetli, 
a  man-headed  god,  pi'otected  the  stomach  and  large  intestines.  (15)  Shu 
was  the  god  of  light,  and  of  dryness  ;  he  may  be  compared  to  the  Atlas  of 
classical  writers,  and  is  often  depicted  as  a  crouching  man  supporting  the 
disk  of  the  sun  on  his  shoulders.  (16)  Tefnut  was  the  twin  sister  of 
Shu ;  she  represented  in  one  form  moisture  and  in  another  form  the 
power  of  sunlight.  This  goddess  kept  thirst  away  from  the  dead.  (17) 
Duamutef,  a  jackal-headed  god,  looked  after  the  lungs  and  heart. 

Between  the  first  two  perpendicular  lines  of  text  (Nos.  14  and  15)  on 
the  eastern  end  of  the  coffin  are  painted  two  sacred  eyes,  and  when  the 
mummy  was  placed  in  the  coffin  its  face  was  turned  towards  these,  as 
it  was  believed  that  the  deceased  would  then  be  able  to  gaze  out  of  his 
case  and  watch  the  priest  making  the  periodical  offerings  in  the  tomb- 
chamber.  Underneath  the  eyes  is  depicted  a  bolted  and  barred  door  which 
is  supposed  to  repi'esent  that  of  a  tomb-chamber  of  the  earliest  period. 

Translations  of  lines  numbered  7,  8  and  13,  respectively,  in  this 
article,  have  already  been  given  by  another  scholar,  as  will  be  seen  from 
the  descriptive  cai'd  in  the  case,  but  in  certain  instances  the  present  writer 
has  ventured  to  depart  from  the  official  readings  where  he  believes  that 
the  true  values  of  the  hieroglyphs  warrant  such.  The  texts  shown  on  the 
plate  were  copied  from  the  coffin  by  the  kind  authority  of  the  Director  of 
the  Australian  Museum. 

[The  Coffin  described  by  Mr.  Eowe  is  six  feet  two  inches  in  length,  by  sixteen 
inches  broad,  and  in  deptli  one  foot  ten  and  three-quarter  inclies  ;  the  bottom  is 
wanting.  It  was  disinterred  at  Beni-Hasan,  Upper  Egypt,  and  obtained  through 
the  instrumentality  of  Mr.  John  Garstaiig,  of  the  Department  of  Egyptian  Archaeology 
in  the  University  of  Liverpool,  England. — (Editor)]. 


EXI'LAXATKIX  ( iF   I'l.ATK   WVIl. 


Hieroglyphic  texts  from  the  Ancient  Egyptian   Coffin   of  "  Neter-Nekht, 
(12th  Dynasty,  B.C.  2800),  in  the  Australian  Museum. 


Ki;i'.   Al  STK.   MIS..   \()1..    Xll. 


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PAL^ONTOLOCilA  NOV^  CAMBRIA  MKRIDIONALIS— 

OCCASIONAL   DKSCRIPTIONS  OF  NEW  SOUTH   WALKS 

FOSSILS— No.  7.1 

l!V 

R.  Eii(ki;iim;k,  .Imii'.,  Director  aiul  Curator. 
(Plates   xxviii.-xxx.) 

PKU.Mii-CAltHONIKEKOUS    MoLLUSCA. 

I. — (Jeiiiis  Dielasma,  Kimj,  18(51. 

(Proc.  Dublin  Zool.  Bot.  Assoc,  i.,  1861,  p.  256.)2 

Dielasma  jerv^iseiisis,  xj>.  imv. 

(Plate  xxviii.,  tig.  4.) 

Sp.  C'/un-.s-. — Brachial  valve  broad-oval,  of  low  even  convexity  ;  margins 
well  and  evenly  rounded,  presenting  all  but  a  circular  circumference  ; 
dental  sockets  small  and  elongate  ;  crura  in  all  probability  short  (repre- 
sented by  their  bases  only)  ;  muscular  platform  well  developed  occupying 
exactly  one-third  the  length  of  the  valve,  triangular  wedge-shaped ; 
regular  concentric  laminae  of  growth,  unevenly  spaced  apart. 

Ohs. — This  is  undoubtedly  a  very  uncommon  form  of  the  genus,  the 
broad,  low-convex  surface,  and  the  almost  circular  outline  distinguish  this 
internal  cast  of  a  brachial  valve  from  any  other  Dielasnia  occurring  in  our 
Permo- Carboniferous  rocks. 

Loc. — Cabbage  Tree,  ten  miles  fi'om  Jervis  Bay,  Shoalhaven  (li. 
Barnes). 

Hor. — Upper  Marine  Series. 

Dielasma  in  versa,  de  Kouinck,  up. 

(Plate  xxix.,  fig.  3  and  4.) 

Rhynchoiiella  ivversu,  de   Koninck,  Pal.  Foss.  Nouv.  Galles  du  Sud,  1877, 
pt.  3,  p.  82,  pi.  xi.,  figs.  11,  11((  and  b. 

Dielasma  inversa,  Eth.    fil.,  Rec.  Geol.  Survey  N.S.Wales,  v.,  pt.  4,  1898, 
p.  175,  pi.  xix.,  figs.  1-13. 

Ohs. — Two  specimens,  but  neither  perfect,  are  figured  to  illustrate 
the  size  to  which  this  remarkable  shell  attained,  and  the  variability  of  the 
folds  of  the  brachial  valve,  when  compared  with  the  largest  figure  given 

J  Continued  from  Vol.  xi..  p.  219. 

2  Teste  Marshall,  Nomenclator,  1873,  p.  113.  In  two  previous  publications,  at 
least.  Geology  and  Pal.  Q'land,  1892,  p.  225,  and  Bull.  Geol.  Survey  W.Austr.,  No. 
27,  1907,  p.  19,  1  gave  an  incorrect  generic  reference  to  King's  genus. 


184  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM 

eithei'  bv  de  Koninck  or  myself.  The  lateral  folds  are  always  conspicuous 
in  median  sized  specimens,  less  marked  in  young  examples,  but  in  large 
individuals  it  may  be  either  tlie  one  or  the  other.  In  Fig.  3,  the  lateral 
folds  are  hardly  perceptible,  whereas  in  Fig.  4,  they  are  decidedly 
pronounced.  D.  inversa  and  D.  rijmlxvformis,  Morris,  appear  to  be  close 
allies. 

Loc. — Wollongoug  (W.  S.  Dim). 

Hor. — Upper  Marine  Series.  D.  inversa  also  occurs  in  the  Lower 
Marine  Series  at  Harper's  Hill,  near  Allandale,  West  Maitland  District. 

II. — Genus  Martiuiopsis,  Waagen.,   1883. 

(Salt  Range  Foss.  (Pal.  Indica),  i.,  pt.  iv.,  fas.  2,  1888,  p.  524.) 

Martiuiopsis  strzelecki,  de  Koninck. 

(Plate  xxviii.,  tig.  1.) 

Martiuiopsis  strzelecl-i,  de  Koninck,  Foss.  Pal.  Nouv.  Galles  du  Sud,  pt.  8, 
1877,  p.  97,  pi.  xiii.,  figs.  1,  la. 

Obs. — The  very  marked  slits  left  by  the  dental  supporting  plates  in 
the  pedicle  valve  and  the  equally  well  developed  septal  plates  in  the 
brachial  valve,  and  which  combined  tend  to  distinguish  Martinioih'<i!<  from 
Spirifera,  clearly  indicate  this  species  as  a  member  of  the  former.  The 
fold  is  remarkably  large  and  produced  as  compared  with  the  cast  figure  of 
the  brachial  valve  given  by  de  Koninck,  and  is  leather  an  apt  illustration 
of  the  great  variability  that  occurs  in  most  of  our  Permo-Carboniferous 
members  of  the  Spiriferidse. 

The  fossil  represented  in  PI.  xxviii.,  fig.  1,  1  regard  as  an  extreme 
variet}'  of  those  internal  casts  called  by  de  Koninck  Spirifer  strzelecki.  I 
restrict  my  remarks  to  the  internal  casts,  because  it  has  still  to  be  shown 
that  the  testiferous  example,  figured  under  the  same  name,  and  the  cast 
are  one  and  the  same  species. 

Attention  does  not  appear  to  have  been  called  to  the  remarkable 
divergence  of  the  Australian  Mai'tiniopses  in  form  and  other  external 
characters  from  the  typical  species  described  by  Dr.  Waagen.  Had  it  not 
been  for  his  hint  of  the  possible  generic  affinity'  of  some  of  our  species, 
then  known  simply  as  Spirifera,  it  is  more  than  probable  that  the  relation- 
ship would  have  been  overlooked.  The  form  and  external  appearance  of 
the  Indian  and  Australia)!  shells  are  respectively  so  very  unlike,  that  wei-e 
it  not  for  the  internal  similarity  of  structure  one  would  be  tempted  to 
sepai*ate  them. 

Martiniopsis,  as  constituted  by  Waagen,  was  defined  as  comprising 
"more  or  less  globular,  or  thick  lenticular,  smooth"  punctate  shells. 
None  of  our  species  are  globular,  the  nearest  approach  being  3f.  orifiir>iiis, 
McCoy,  and  all  ai-e  more  or  less  costate,  least  apparent,  however,  in  M. 
subradiata  (s.s.).  The  thick  lenticnlai"  form  may  perhaps  be  found  in  3/. 
subradiata,  var.  transver.fa,  milii.-'      The  species  most  commonly  met   with 

:<  Etheridge— Geol.  Fal.  Q'land,  etc.,  1892.  p.  239. 


DESeUiri'lONS    OK    NKW    sonil     WALKS    FOSSILS Kl  H  KKM  l>(  IK.  185 

ill  a  testit'erous  condition  is  M.  snbntdidtit,  in  the  (leiringong  beds,  and 
althoiigli  I  have  examined  a  very  large  number  of  examples,  I  have  not 
observed  a  perforated  test,  from  the  locality  in  question.  It  would  appear 
as  if  some  layers  of  the  test  were  fibrous,  others  punctate,  hence  I  used 
the  term  "punctate-fibrous.*"  Waagen  wrote: — "The  shell  is  coated 
with  an  epidei-mis,  which  exhibits  a  very  distinct  punctation  .  .  .  The 
median  shell  layers  show  this  punctation  less  distinctly,  though  it  can  be 
well  observed  in  places."  No  Anstralian  Miirtinlopsis,  passing  through 
my  hands,  has  been  sufficiently  well  preserved  testiferally  to  exhibit  an 
epidei-mis,  but  in  examples  from  Greta  (Upper  Marine  Series),  which  often 
have  the  test  in  a  fairly  good  state  of  preservation,  there  is  visible  on  the 
exteriors  a  remarkably  delicate  and  fine,  longitudinal,  tear-like  sculpture 
(PI.  xxviii.,  figs.  2-3),  which  may  be  of  an  epidermal  nature,  but  it  is  not 
accompanied  by  perforations,^  so  far  as  I  can  see. 

If  my  determination  of  the  subject  of  PI.  xxviii.,  fig.  1,  as  Splrifeni 
strzelecki,  de  Kon.,  be  correct,  then  this  species  certainly  becomes  a  Mar- 
tiniopsis,  as  we  are  accustomed  to  view  the  genus,  although  in  outward 
appearance  it  departs  more  than  usual  from  the  form  of  the  Indian 
shells.  It  is  pauciradiate,  with  only  two  costse  on  either  side  of  the  fold, 
and  a  possible  indication  of  a  third. 

The  original  of  PI.  xxviii.,  fig.  1,  is  in  the  Berry  School  of  Arts,  and 
was  obligingly  lent  to  me  by  the  then  Hon.  Curator,  Mr.  T.  R.  Lewers. 

Lor. — Nowra  Hill,  Shoalhaven,  Illawarra  District. 

Hor. — Upper  Marine  Series. 

Martiniopsis  subradiata,  vitr. 

branxtonensis,  var.  vnr. 

(PI.  xxviii.,  figs.  5  and  6,  and  PI.  xxix.,  figs.  1  and  2.) 

06.s\ — A  very  remarkable  development  of  oui-  characteristic  Permo- 
Carboniferous  ^fartilliop)il.•^  siiJiritJlatu  occurs  in  both  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Marine  Series  of  the  Maitland  District. 

The  fossils  are  always  in  the  condition  of  limonitic  (internal)  casts,  or 
kernels,  and  whilst  representing  more  than  one  of  the  larger  varieties  of  M. 
subradiata,  they  are  invariably  small,  but  at  the  same  time  there  is  amongst 
them  a  wonderful  general  uniformity  in  size.  This  is  one  of  the  out- 
standing features,  although  thei'e  are,  here  and  there,  specimens  of  larger 
examples  of  M.  siihradiata.  These  Brachiopods  are  not  the  only  organisms 
of  both  the  Lower  and  Upper  Marine  beds,  at  Farley  and  Branxton,  in 
this  dwarfed  condition,  a  phenomenon  it  is  difficult  to  account  for  other 
than  on  the  supposition  that  glacial  conditions  known  to  have  existed  at, 
or  about,  the  time  of  the  deposition  of  the  strata  in  question  were  conducive 
to  it. 

Amongst  the  casts  are  examples  of  the  equivalents  of  the  following 
varieties  of  M.  subradiata  proper  : — 

■•  Etheridge— Geol.  Pal.  Q'land,  etc.,  1892,  p.  238. 
5  Perforations  were  observed  by  Morris. 


186  RECORDS    OP    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

((.  Nou-plicate,  almost  smooth  casts,  a  condition  seen  in  examples 
from  G-erringong  Cliffs,  as  figured  by  Morris.*^  (PI.  xxviii., 
figs.  5  and  6). 

h.  Latei^lly  uni-plicate,  similar  to  an  illustration  by  de  Koninck.^ 

e.  Laterally  bi-plicate,  answering  to  the  var.  (hirwiiiii,  mihi.^ 

d.  Nuilteradiate  laterally  (PI.  xxx.,  tig.  2). 

e.  Transversely-oblong,  similar  to  var.   frdnxcerfa,  mihi.^ 

I  have  catalogued  these  five  varieties  all  as  var.  hranxto7ieiis!s,  rather 
than  attempt  to  attach  the  existing  varietal  names  of  the  mature-form, 
the  characters  so  running  into  one  another  at  times  that  differentiation  is 
difficult. 

The  surfaces  of  man}-  of  these  casts  show  pittings  and  short  groovings 
without  and  around  the  muscular  impressions  ;  they  appear  to  be  confined 
to  these  areas  and  are  probably  connected  with  the  ovarian  sj'stems. 

Locs. — Farley  Railway  Cutting  at  Farley,  and  Brauxton,  Hunter 
River  District. 

Hors. — Lower  and  Upper  Marine  Series  respectively. 

III. — Ge7itix  Mseonia,  Dana,  1847.10 

(American  Journ.  Sci.  (2),  iv.,  1847,  p.  158). 

Mffionia  morrisii,  i^/k  hoc. 

(Plate  xxviii.,  figs.  7  and  8.) 

*Sp.  Clnirx. — Shell  (internal  cast),  short,  gibbous,  the  valves  strongly 
arched  diagonally ;  anterior  ends  convex  between  the  boldh'  rounded 
margins  and  the  median,  oblique,  open  cinctui-es,  which  stiongly  insinuate 
the  ventral  margins ;  posterior  ends  comprising  nearly  two-thirds  of  each 
valve,  rising  gradually  to  the  coi^d-like,  prominent,  slightly  sigmoidal 
diagonal  ridges  ;  posterior  slopes  large,  slightly  concave,  and  each  median- 
ally  travei-sed  by  a  subsidiary  diagonal  ridge  following  the  outline  of  its 
principal  ;  when  viewed  posteriorly,  the  united  posterior  slopes  bounded 
by  the  cord-like  diagonal  keels  present  a  strongly  cordiform  outline  ; 
anterior  muscular  scai-s  quite  marginal,  elongately  tiiangular  in  a  longitud- 
inal dii-ection,  and  concentrically  ridged  ;  posterior  scars  oval,  rather  retired 
from  the  posterior  margins. 

Ohs. — This  remarkable  shell  was  brought  to  my  notice  by  Mr.  W.  S. 
Dun  ;  it  is  form  Harper's  Hill,  and  is  clearly  of  the  type  of  Md'oiiia  curintita, 
Morris,  but  much  shorter,  and  in  compariscni  with  the  latter  far  wider 
across  the  united  valves.  The  diagonal  keels  are  very  prominent  and  the 
posterior  slopes  so  far  flattened,  or  slightly  concave,  that  when  viewed 

*  Morris — Strzelecki's  Phys.  Descrip.  N.S.Wales,  etc.,  ISiS,  pi.  xvi.,  fig.  1. 
'  de  Koninck — Foss.  Pal.  Nouv.  Galles  dii  Snd,  pt.  2,  1876,  pi.  xii.,  fi^;.  1. 
«  Etherid<,'e— Geol.  Pal.  Q'land,  etc.,  1892,  p.  2-l«. 
"  de  Koninck — Loc.  cil.,  pi.  xii.,  fig.  lb. 
••'As  Myonia. 


DESCUiniONb    OK    NKW    8()Uril     WALES    KOSSILS Kill  Kl.'l  ixiK.  187 

end-on  the  resemblance  to  the  posterioi"  end  of  a  ConocardiiiDi,  with   itis 
siphonal  tube  removed  is  sti-iking. 

In  the  present  instance  we  are  either  dealing  with  a  very  remarkable 
variety  of  M(y'onia  nin'fiafa,  or  a  quite  new  form.  The  difficulty  of  arriving 
at  a  satisfactory  conclusion  on  this  point  arises  from  the  fact  that  examples 
of  .1/.  rnn'iKtfd  so  seldom  display  the  true  outline  of  the  species,  but  ai-e 
usually  met  with  as  more  or  less  crushed  or  distorted  casts. 

I  rel}-  on  the  following  features  for  the  specific  stability  of  this 
shell  : — (1)  short  form  and  gibbosity  as  compared  with  length  ;  (2)  very 
marked  median  cinctures  ;  (8)  remarkably  prominent  cord-like  diagonal 
keels  ;   (4)  markedly  cordiform  outline  of  the  united  posterior  slopes. 

Loc. — Harper's  Hill,  near  Allandale,  West  Maitland  District  (W.  S. 
Bun). 

Hor. — Permo- Carboniferous  tufaceous  sandstone  of  Lower  Marine 
Series. 

Mseonia  carinata,  Morris,  vnr.  minor,  var.  nov. 

(Plate  xxix.,  tigs.  5-8.) 

Obs. — M(iiO)ua  rariiutfa  (s.s.)  appears  to  be  practically  restricted  to 
the  Upper  Marine  Series,  for  instance,  as  at  Gerringong  and  Jamberoo  in 
the  Illawarra  District,  and  Bundanoon  in  the  Berrima  Laud  District. 
The  peculiar  and  exaggerated  form  just  described  is,  as  previously  stated, 
from  the  Lower  Marine  Series  at  Harper's  Hill,  near  Allandale  Railway 
Station,  West  Maitland  District. 

The  variety,  or  race  represented  in  PI.  xxix.,  figs.  5-8,  is  never  of  large 
size,  with  an  unmistakable  tendency  to  "  stumpiness,"  with  prominent 
diagonal  ridges,  approaching  those  of  M.  morrisii,  but  the  flanks  to  all 
intents  and  purposes  in  one  plane,  as  in  M.  carimita,  and  not  traversed  by 
wide,  pronounced  cinctures,  similar  to  those  in  the  former. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  institute  a  comparison  between  this  variety 
and  the  original  of  a  Mivonia  from  the  Huon  Road,  Tasmania,  referred  by 
Mr.  R.  M.  Johnston  to  M.  cariiuita,^^  with  a  slightly  sigmoidal  and  out- 
standing diagonal  keel ;   they  are  very  much  alike. 

Locs. — Bundanoon  Gully,  about  one  and  a  half  miles  from  Bundanoon 
Railway  Station,  Berrima  Land  District,  New  South  Wales  (W.  W.  TJiorpe). 

Hor. — Uppei"  Marine  Series.  In  the  Lower  Mai-ine  Series  at  Farley 
are  casts  of  lesser  size  than  PI.  xxix.,  figs.  5-8,  but  possessing  characters 
of  a  very  similar  appearance. 

Mseonia  morrisii,  luir.  (?) 

(Plate  XXX.,  tigs.  1  and  2.) 

Ohx. — In  this  instance  we  are  either  dealing  with  a  distinct  species  or 
a  variety  of  M.  morrisii   (PI.   xxviii.,    figs.    7  and  8),  notwithstanding  the 

II  Johnston — Systematic  Ace.  Geol.  Tas.,  1888,  pi.  xi.,  fig.  15a. 


188  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTHALTAX    MUSEUM. 

length  in  i^elation  to  the  width  is  so  much  more  dispi-oportionate  than  in 
M.  viorri'i^ii  proper.  Some  little  distortion  has  taken  place,  bat  even 
allowing  for  this  the  cinctures,  strong  keel-like  diagonals,  and  nearly  flat 
posterior  slopes,  are  self  evident.  The  concentric  lines  of  decoration  are 
remarkably  fine  and  even,  and  quite  unlike  those  of  the  M.  earinala  group, 
at  Fai'ley  ar6  again  internal  casts,  which  also  allowing  for  some  distortion 
are  very  similar  to  this  Lochiuvar  specimen. 

For  the  present  I  prefer  to  regard  this  shell  simply  as  a  variety  of 
M.  morrisii,  but  the  long,  almost  "  snout-like  "  posterior  end,  lends  so 
marked  an  appearance  to  this  bivalve  that  in  all  probability  separation 
will  be  necessary  in  the  future. 

Loc. — Lochinvar,  Hunter  River,  County  Northumberland  ;  ?  Farley 
Railway  Cutting. 

Hor. — Lower  Marine  Series. 

IV. — riiity!^c]iis)iia  oculns,  G.  B.  Sowerby,  P.  rotnudatitm,  Morris,  and 
P.  depressmii,  Dana. 

When  describing  Platuscliisma  ocuJns,  Morris  remarked^^  HiQ^t  his  P. 
roUiudatunt,  might,  after  all,  be  but  a  vai'iety  of  the  first-named.  After 
examining  a  number  of  specimens  of  both,  I  believe  them  to  be  distinct 
species. 

Platijschisma  oculns}^ — The  last,  or  body-whorl  is  of  even  and  low 
convexity  above,  and  flatter,  or  less  convex  even  below,  the  two  surfaces 
meeting  at  an  obtuse  peripheral  angle,  keel,  or  edge,  over  which  the  lines 
of  growth  pass. 

PlatyschisinarotnndatuinM — In  this  foi-m  the  body-whorl  is  distinctly 
rounded,  or  convex,  above  and  below,  there  is  no  peripheral  angle,  or  keel, 
and  "  the  inner  part  of  the  outer  lip  appears  to  have  been  periodically 
thickened  leaving  sulcations  in  the  cast."  I  have  never  seen  this  thicken- 
ing in  any  example  possessing  the  definite  characters  of  F.  qi'hIhs. 

Flatyschixma  depressum}^ — At  first  sight  Dana's  figure  of  this  species 
might  be  supposed  to  represent  a  univalve  crashed  from  above  ;  such  was 
my  opinion  previous  to  receiving  a  type  replica,  but  the  description,  "  verj' 
much  depressed,  almost  disk-form,"  with  flattened  whorls,  "  the  outer  of 
which  has  the  back  subtrnncate  "  is  strictly  accurate. 

An  example  of  a  very  depressed,  although  imperfect  shell  from 
Lochinvar  agrees  with  this  description,  and  is  provided  with  a  periplieml 
band,  truncating  the  entire  edge  or  keel,  and  evidently  corresponding  to 
Dana's  expression,  "  back  subtruncate  ";  in  fact,  I  believe  there  are  traces 
of  this  band  on  the  replica.  The  sculpture  of  the  Locliinvar  fossil,  where 
the  test  is  preserved  consists  of  the  usual  lines  of  growth,  coinciding  with 
the  lip  margin  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  whorl,  i.e.,  curving  forwards, 
but  on  passing  over  the  truncated  band-like  periphery  they  are  regularly 

1-  Morris — Strzelecki's  Phys.  Descrip.  N.S.Wales,  etc.,  1845,  p.  286. 

'•'  Morris — Loc.  cit.,  pi.  xviii.,  fi<^.  1. 

'^   Morris — Lor.  cit.,  pi.  xviii.,  fi<^.  2. 

1"   Dana — Wilkes    U.S.  Explor.  Expedii.,  x.  (Geology),  1H49,  pi.  x.,  figs.  2a  and  h. 


DKsoK'irrioN's  ok   nkw    sdiriii    \vAr,Ks   fossils KTIIKKHKIK.  189 

tletlected  backwards  as  in  an  ordinary  pleurotomai'id  baud  ;  the  test  is  not 
preserved  on  the  lower  or  flattened  surface. 

The  presence  of  this  periplieral  band  at  once  removes  tlie  species  from 
the  genus  Pl((fij>«'lil!<iit((,  and  indicates  Keeiicia,  mihi,  as  a  suitable  i-esting 
place,  thus  introducing  adepi-essed  foi-m  into  an  otherwise  trochifoiTii  genus. 
Now,  in  P.  (icnhd!,  although  the  growth  sculpture  passes  over  the  obtuse 
periphei"al  keel,  there  is  no  ti'uncate  periphery  bearing  a  band. 

Platiji^chis))t(i  rot  III!  ddt  It  1)1,  var.  fdrlei/ensis,  var.  uov.  (PI.  xxviii.,  fig. 
9). — Associated  in  numbers  with  the  liraonitic  Martin! opsis,  Plearopliorus 
gre(j(tn'ug,  and  Stntchbnria  farleijensin  casts  at  Farley,  are  similar  kernels  of 
small  l'l((tijxc}iis))i<i  rotiimlatiiDh.  All  I  have  seen  are  of  a  common  size,  less 
than  the  normal  dimensions  of  examples  of  the  species  obtained  elsewhere. 
On  these  internal  casts,  the  sulci  resulting  from  the  protrusion  of  the 
inner  shelly  ribs,  described  by  Morris,  are  always  in  evidence  and  well 
displayed.  The  casts  seldom  exceed  one  and  three  quarter  inches  in 
gi-eatest  basal  diameter,  and  three  quarters  of  an  inch  in  height,  they 
appeal  to  me  as  a  stunted  growth  of  the  ordinarj^  P.  rotaudatum. 

V. — Various  Species  described   by  Dana. 

Amongst  the  Pelecypoda  collected  in  New  South  Wales  by  Prof. 
J.  D.  Dana  were  two  species  described  as  Gardinia  (?)  rectiO-^  and  C.  (0 
citneata,^'^  and  as  Solecnrtus  two  species,  S.  (?)  ellipticns^^  and  (S.  (Psam- 
mohia?)  plantdatus.^^  To  Gypricardia  were  also  referred  G.  aciUifrons,^^  G. 
imbricafa,^^  G.  arcodes,^^  G.  prreriq)ta,^'^  G.  siiiijjlex,''^*  G.  (Avicul-x  ?)  venerii^,'^^ 
and  G.  siliqua.^^  Of  the  above  I  have  already  dealt  with  Gardiula  simplex, 
referring  it  to  a  new  genus,  Statchhuria. 

The  following  remarks  on  ten  of  the  above  are  based  on  replicas  of 
Dana's  types.  These  were  most  obligingly  supplied  by  the  United  States 
National  Museum,  Washington,  where  Dana's  gatherings  are  located. 

1.  \_Gardinia'\  recta,  Dana. — When  describing  StntrJihariu  fnrlt'i/ensis 
I  alluded  to  Gardinia  (!)  recta,  and  (,'.  (?)  cnneata  as  possibly  referable  to 
Stutchhnria,  "  in  which  case  the  generic  characters  of  the  latter,  will  of 
necessity  require  to  be  slightly  modified"  to  allow  of  the  inclusion  of  more  or 
less  similar  bivalves,  but  with  nasute  posterior  ends.  This  suggestion  will 
stand  good  with  regard  to  G.  (?)  recta,  but  not  I  now  believe  in  the  case 
of  C  (?)  caneata.  By  incorporating  the  first  of  these  bivalves  in  Stutch- 
hnria it  will  not  be  necessaiy  to  enlarge  the  generic  characters  in  question. 
I  have  before  me  a  cast  of  one  of  Dana's  types  of  his  G.  (?)   recta'''  (PI. 

i«  Dana— Wilkes  U.S.  Explor.  Expedn.,x.  (Geology),  1849, pi.  iv.,figs.  5,  5a and  b. 

'"  ,,  ,,  ,,  pi.  iv.,  figs.  6,  6a-(L 

"*  ,.  ,,  ,,  pi.  ii.,  fig.  9. 

''■•  ,,  ,,  ,,  pi.  ii.,  fig.  10. 

-"  ,,  ,,  ,,  pi.  viii.,  figs.  4a  and  6. 

"'  ,,  ,,  ,,  pi-  viii.,  fig.  5. 

-^  ,,  ,,  ,,  pi.  viii.,  fig.  8b. 

"'  >>  ).  ,,  pi-  viii.,  fig.  10. 

■-•'  »  .,  „  pi.  ix.,  fig.  2. 

-'  ,,  ,,  ,,  pi.  ix.,  figs.  3a  and  h. 

-*  ,,  ,,  ,,  pi.  ix.,  figs,  la  and  h. 

^'  ,,  ,,  ,,  pi.  iv.,  fig.  5. 


190  UECOUDS  OF  THE  AUSIKALIAX  MUSEL^M. 

XXX.,  fig.  7)  and  accept  this  in  preference  to  the  figure  cited,  which,  I 
regret  to  say,  is  most  misleading  in  that  the  cardinal,  or  dorsal,  line  is  not 
arcuate,  or  inclined,  but  straight  as  in  StatcJihuria  proper.  The  antei'ior 
end  does  not  tei-minate  just  before  the  adductor  scar,  but  extends  some  way 
still  forwards ;  the  flanks  are  not  cinctured  as  the  figure  shading  would 
indicate,  and  the  radii  are  distinctly  visible  extending  over  two  thirds  of 
the  surface;  so  far  as  I  can  see  the  shell  was  edentulous  as  in  Stntchburia. 
As  regards  Dana's  Fig.  ba  I  make  no  comment. 

Loc. — "  Illawarra." 

2.  [^Cardinia  /]  cunedta,  Dana. — In  this  instance  the  illustrations 
and  type  casts  are  strictly  in  accord  with  one-another.  Several  casts  are 
in  the  collection  (PL  xxx.,  figs.  4-6)  similar  in  all  features  to  Dana's 
description  and  figures,  compressed  valves,  arcuate  dorsal  margins  and  nasute 
posterior  ends,  but  with  radiate  sculpture,  which,  according  to  Dana,  was 
not  present  on  his  specimens  (PI.  xxx.,  fig.  3)  ;  this  is  borne  out  by  the 
replicas  before  me.  I  am  unable  to  explain  this  discrepancy,  for  there 
can  hardly  be  two  forms,  otherwise  exactly  alike,  and  differing  only  in  the 
one  feature.  Although  the  hinge  was  edentulous  [('.  f]  cuneata  can  hardly 
be  placed  in  Stntchburia,  or  at  any  rate  only  provisionally. 

Loc. — Wollongong,  Illawarra  District  (W.  S.  Dim). 

Hor. — Upper  Marine  Series. 

3.  Solecartus  (.'')  elliptirus,  Dana. — Provided  the  replica  is  a  faithful 
reproduction  of  the  original,  the  latter  can  only  be  regarded  as  a  meaning- 
less impression  without  character  or  structure  ;  the  name  may  be  struck 
off  the  list  of  our  Permo-Carboniferous  fossils. 

4.  Solecurtus  planiilatus,  Dana. — Drawn  from  a  featureless  impression 
as  represented  by  the  replica ;  another  name  to  be  deleted. 

5.  [_Cijprii-ardiii'\  simjile.v,  Dana. — Already  referred  to  Stxtchhuria. 

6.  l_C'ypn'('ar(]i(i^  prcvrnpta,  Dana. — In  the  absence  of  any  negative 
characters,  I  tentatively  refer  this  to  Stutchhurla.  Dana  described  the 
anterior  adductor  scars  as  circular,  but  they  appear  to  be  much  more  of 
the  "  leg  of  mutton  "  shape,  so  characteristic  of  the  foregoing  genus.  The 
published  figure  is  much  too  lithodomoid,  and  the  ventral  margin  is  not 
inflected  as  shown  in  the  illustration. 

Loc. —  "  Illawarra." 

7.  \_Cy2)rlcardia'\  ucutifroiis,  Dana. — The  figures  are  again  most 
misleading  in  that  the  anterior  ends  in  the  replica  do  not  terminate  in 
acute  prolongations,  the  antero-ventral  margins  are  not  inflected  to 
the  degree  represented,  and  the  actual  margins  of  the  united  valves  and 
therefore  the  true  outlines  are  not  preserved.  The  species  is  again 
referred  to  on  a  succeeding  page. 

Loc. — "  Illawarra." 

8.  {^Oypricardiii^  iinhrlnitn,  Dana. — As  a  representation  of  the  orig- 
inalj^i^  portions  of  the  two  valves  united,  this  figure  is  also  erroneous.  It 
is  less  perfect  than  represented,  the  concentric  sculpture  rendered  far  too 

2*  Dana — Loc.  cit.,  pi.  viii.,  fig.  5. 


DESCRirnOXS    ok    XEW    south    WAI.KS    fossils RTllKRinOE.  191 

plain  and  the  posterior  wing  more  or  less  restored,  but  probably  correctly  so. 
I  suggest  its  identity  with  de  Koninck's  figure  of  I'ferinen  iiKicropfern,  but 
not  with  Morris's  bivalve  of  the  same  name.  Again,  it  is  not  far  removed 
from  the  smaller  of  the  two  figures  of  Modiola  crassissiuia,  which,  it  is 
almost  needless  to  say  is  not  a  Modiola. 

Lor. — Harper's  Hill. 

9.  iCypricardia']  veneris,  Dana. — Another  of  Dana's  illustrations  that 
puzzled  me  for  many  years  ;  I  have  not  a  replica  of  this  specimen,  but  some 
light  is,  1  think,  thrown  on  [C]  veneris  hj  &  shell  collected  at  Wollougong 
by  Mr.  W.  S.  Dun  (PI.  xxxi.,  fig.  8).  This  is  a  very  ti-ausversely-elongate, 
more  or  less  siliquiform  bivalve,  attenuated  at  the  anterior  ends,  and 
thence  slightly  expanding  to  the  posterior.  The  cardinal  margins  are 
more  oi"  less  eroded  but  they  were  long,  straight  and  apparently  edentu- 
lous. The  anterior  ends  are  peculiarly  lobe-like,  and  obtusely  pointed, 
whilst  the  posterior  comprise  quite  nine-tenths  of  the  valves.  The 
sculpture  was  both  concentric  and  radiate,  the  oblique  radii  from  the 
umbos  extending  over  the  median  and  posterior  surfaces.  Although 
Dana's  figure  was  evidently  drawn  from  a  poor  and  imperfect  specimen, 
stilJ,  the  same  insinuated  venti'al  margins  as  existing  hei'e,  the  tendency 
to  a  siliquiform  outline,  and  the  large  number  of  i-adii,  only  equalled  by 
those  of  Statrkhuria  costata,  will,  I  believe,  uphold  the  accuracy  of  this 
refei'euce.  The  generic  identity  of  this  fossil  must  remain  open  for  the 
present. 

Lor. — Glendon,  Hunter  River. 

There  are  also  in  the  collection  other  Stutchburia-like  shells  of 
doubtful  identity,  three  of  which  may  be  mentioned  to  attract  the  attention 
of  collectors. 

Stutchburia,  1.  In  form  like  S.  costata,  Morris,  but  stouter,  and  each 
valve  traversed  by  three  well  marked  radii  only,  from  the  umbos  to  the 
middle  of  the  ventral  margins. 

Lac. — Wollongong,  lllawaiTa  District  (W.  S.  Dun). 

Hor. — Upper  Marine  Series. 

Stutchburia  (.'')  2.  A  small  and  oblique  form  with  about  six  radii 
occupying  a  similar  position  to  those  on  No.  1.  The  concentric  sculpture 
is  very  regular  and  fine,  and  on  crossing  the  radii,  a  coarse  decussation  is 
apparent. 

Loc.  and  Hor. — As  in  No.  1. 

Stutchburia  (f)  3. — Of  the  S.  costata  type  in  general,  but  pod-shaped, 
and  with  the  whole  of  the  posterior  two-thirds  of  the  valve  surfaces  radiate, 
the  most  anterior  radii  striking  the  ventral  margins,  at  about  their  middle 
points ;   the  first  four  radii  are  distinctly  spaced  apart. 

Loc.  and  Hor. — As  in  No.  1. 


192  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

VI. — Cypricardia   acutifruiis,  Daua,  C.  (ircodef^,  Dana,  C    iiubricata,   Dana, 

and  Pterinea  viacroptera,  Morris,  Dana,  and  de  Koninck,  in  relation  to  the 

genus  MerismopteriK  and  to  one-another. 

Pterinea  nuicroptera,  Morris,  was  selected  by  me  as  the  type  of  the 
genus  MerisDwpteria  in  1892,-^  and  since  then  I  have  not  seen  any  i^eason 
to  doubt  the  propriety  of  the  step  taken. 

Morris  recorded  his  species  from  Spring  Hill,  Tasmania,  and  although 
in  common  with  others,  I  have  been  in  the  habit  of  listing  pterinform 
fossils  of  Permo-Carboniferous  age  found  in  New  South  Wales,  under  the 
name  in  question,  I  have  now,  after  a  close  study  of  the  matter,  come  to 
the  conclusion  Merhiiiopteria  macropfera,  is  not  a  New  South  Wales  fossil, 
or  at  any  rate  if  so,  excessively  rare,  but  confined  to  Tasmania.  Even  the 
illustration  of  this  shell  by  the  late  Mr.  R.  M.  Johnston  in  his  work  on 
the  Geology  of  Tasmania  is  but  a  copy  of  Morris'  Fig.  2. 

Dana  was  the  first  to  inti'oduce  Pterinea  macroptera  into  the  New 
South  Wales  list  in  1849.  The  replica  impression  represents  a  somewhat 
imperfect  shell,  but  notwithstanding,  it  is  the  nearest  approach  to  Mori"is' 
Fig.  2,  I  remember  to  have  seen,  and  may  possibly  be  the  species. 

Loc. — "  lUawarra." 

l^Cypricardial  inibricatK,  Dana,  a  true  Merisniopteria,  is  intermediate 
between  M.  macroptera,  Morris,  and  \_Cijpricardia'\  acKtifroit.s,  Dana.  It  is 
less  transversely  oblique  than  the  first-named,  and  although  the  anterior 
end  projects  to  some  extent,  it  lacks  the  peculiar  lobate  appearance  of  M. 
macroptera,  proper. 

Loc. — Harper's  Hill. 

Pterinea  macroptera,  de  Koninck,  from  the  "neighbourhood  of  Mait- 
land,"  is  again  not  that  of  Morris,  but  is  the  species  first  referred  to,  J/. 
inihricata,  Dana,  when  allowance  is  made  for  the  relative  positions  of  the 
anterior  adductor  scar  and  clavicle  impression. 

Do  both  Morris'  figures  of  his  Pterinea  macroptera,  represent  one  and 
the  same  species  ?  ;  it  will  not  surprise  me  to  learn  from  an  examination  of 
the  type  specimens  that  they  do  not.  His  Fig.  8,  if  a  correct  represent- 
ation of  the  original  appears  to  be  so  disproportionately  long  in  comparison 
with  Fig.  2,  that  doubt  of  its  specific  identity  is  aroused.  In  connection 
with  tliis,  arises  the  question,  wliat  is  Cijpricardia  acutifrons,  Dana  Y 
Long  a  puzzle  to  me,  the  type  replica  reveals  its  }[erisiJiopteria  affinity,  but 
distinct  from  both  M.  niacroj)ter(v^^  and  M.  inihricata,  and  is  a  moderately 
common  New  South  Wales  fossil.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  extent  of  its 
transverse  obliquity,  extended  cardinal  margins,  and  gently  insinuated 
ventral  outline.     Dana  obtained  his  specimen  at  "  Illawarra." 

[Cypjiu'cardial  arcodefi,  Dana,  is  another  Merisniopteria,  and  distinct 
from  any  of  the  foregoing.  It  is  a  pronounced  Merisniopteria,  and  althongli 
a  smaller,  it  is  a  much  more  robust  species,  its  chief  featui'es  being  a  more 
"  nuggety "  outline  and  pi-opoi'tions,  with  evenl}'  rounded  and  gibbous 
posterior  diagonal  slopes;   the  clavicle  cavity  is  deep  and  wide. 

Loc. — Harper's  Hill. 

•"'  Etheridge— Geol.  Pal.  Qland,  1892,  p.  271. 

•'"  de  Koninck  suggested  tlie  identity  of  Pterinea  macroptera,  Morris,  and 
Cypricardia  acuti/rons,  Dana  (Foss.  I'al.  Nouv.  Gallcs  du  6'iirf,  pt.  3,  1877,  p.  168). 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XXVIII. 


Martiiiiopsis  strzelecki,  de  Knninrl-. 

Fig.  1.  Brachial  valve  aud  portion  of  pedicle  valve  exhibiting  the  slits 
left  by  the  decay  of  the  dental  plates  in  the  pedicle  valve, 
and  those  of  the  septal  plates  in  the  brachial  valve.  A  cast 
from  the  Upper  Marine  Series  of  Nowra  Hill,  Shoalhaven,  in 
the  Berry  School  of  Arts. 

Martiniopsis  subradiata. 

,,  2.  Portion  of  weathered  test  of  a  specimen  of  Martuiiopsis 
snhradiata,  from  Farley,  exhibiting  lines  radiating  in  two 
directions  enclosing  acutely  rhomboidal  spaces,  highly 
magnified. 

,,  3.  A  similar  specimen  of  this  species  from  Fai'ley  exhibiting  long 
tear-like  tubercles  which  apparently  represent  the  junctions 
of  the  converging  lines  seen  in  Fig.  2,  highly  magnified. 

Dielasma  jervisensis,  Eth.Jll. 

,,  4.  Cast  of  a  bi^oad  oval  brachial  valve  of  low  convexity,  a  vei-y  un- 
common form  of  the  genus.      Cabbage  Tree,  Jervis  Bay. 

Martiniopsis  subradiata,  vitr.  branxtoneusis,  EtJi.  pi. 

,,  5.  Bi^achial  valve  aud  umbo  of  the  pedicle  valve  of  a  dwarf  form, 
representing  the  average  size  attained  by  the  variety. 

,,     6.      Pedicle  valve  of  the  same. 

Mtvonia  morrisii,  Etii.jil. 

,,  7.  Latei^al  view  of  right  valve,  with  patches  of  test  remaining,  short, 
gibbous,  and  prominent  diagonal  ridge.      Harper's  Hill. 

,,  8.  Cardinal  or  dorsal  view  of  the  united  valves  of  the  same  sjieeimen  ; 
the  strongly  curved  prominent  I'idges  are  well  displayed. 

Platyschisma  rotuiidatnm,  rnr.  farleyensis,  Eth.  fd. 

,,  9.  Internal  limonitic  cast,  exhibiting  tlie  average  normal  size  of 
the  variety  with  the  sulci  resulting  from  the  inwai'd  }n'otrusion 
of  t)ie  shelly  ril)s. 


\{K(\  ArsTi?.  ^irs.,  VOL.  xn. 


Pi-AiK  XXVI  r I. 


EXPLANATION    OF    I'LATE    XXIX. 


Martiuiopsis  subradiata,  oar.  brauxtoueusis,  Eth.  fil. 

Fig.  1.     View  of  brachial,  and  umboual  region  of  pedicle  valve  ;   the  former 
is  bi-plicate.      Branxton. 

,,     2.      A   similar  specimen  to    that  represented  in  Fig.  1,  multiplicate. 
Farley. 

Dielasma  in  versa,  de  Konincl:. 

,,      '.\.     Brachial,  and  umbonal  portion  of  pedicle  valve,  with  little  or  no 
trace  of  lateral  folds.      Wollongong. 

,,     4.      A  similar  specimen  to  that  represented  in   Fig.   3,  with   lateral 
folds  more  marked.      Wollongong. 

Maeonia  carinata,  car.  minor,  Eth.jil. 
,,     5.     Left  valve.      Bundanoon  Gully. 

„     6.     Right    „ 

,,      /.      Lett       ,,  ,,  ,, 

,,     8.      Dorsal  or  cardinal  view.     Bundanoon  Gull  v. 


UKC.  ALSTK.  .MLS.,   VOL.  XJl. 


Pl.ATK   XXLX. 


J.  R.  KiNiiHOKN,  del.,  Austr.  Mus. 


EXPLAXATION    OF    PLATE    XXX. 


Mteonia  morrisii,  Eth.jil.,  car.  P 

Fig.  1.  Right  valve.  Notice  the  propoi'tioual  elongation  and  wide 
curvature  of  the  diagonal  ridge.  It  is  probably  a  distinct 
species.     Lochinvar. 

,,     2.      The  same  specimen,  dorsal  view. 

[Cardinia]  cuneata,  Dana. 

,,  3.  Drawn  from  a  reproduction  of  one  of  Dana's  type  specimens 
(Wilkes  U.S.  Explor.  Expedn.,  x.,  Geology,  pi.  iv.,  tig.  6) 
by  which,  it  will  be  seen,  there  are  no  radii. 

,,  -i.  Natural  cast  in  the  Museum  Collection  of  the  same  species  as  that 
represented  by  Fig.  3,  but  with  radii.      Wollongoug. 

,,     5.     Another  example  similar  to  Fig.  4.      Wollongoug. 

„     6.      A  third  radiate  example.      Wollongoug. 

[Cardinia]  recta,  Dana. 

,,  7.  Drawn  from  a  reproduction  of  one  of  Dana's  type  specimens 
(Wilkes  U.S.  Explor.  Expedn.,  x..  Geology,  pi.  iv.,  tig.  5). 
"  lUawarra." 

[Cypricardia]  veneris,  Dana. 

„  8.  A  very  transversely  elongated,  siliquiform  bivalve,  probably  a 
Stntchbttria,  but  distinct  from  both  S.  costata  and  N.  conqjressa. 
Wollongoug.      L  nat. 

Meeonia  cariuata,  var.  minor,  Etii.  Jil.  ? 

,,  9.  Possibly  a  sub-variety,  narrower  and  more  elougate.  A  left 
valve.     Baudauoon  Gully. 


\{KC.   ArSTl{.    MIS.,  VOL.    XII. 


I^.ATK    XXX. 


•T.  R.  Kixciioiix,  del.,  Anstr.  Mus. 


SOME  AUSTRALIAN   PISHES  OK  TilK    FAMILY  COHllDyE. 

1!Y 

Am, AN   R.   MrCui.i,(H'ii,   Z()()lo[>'ist,  Aiistraliiiii   Miiseuni, 

and 

.1.  Diifdi.AS   OciM'.Y,  Zool()p;ist,  Quoeiislinul  Mnsoiun. 

(Plates  xxxi  -xxxvii.) 

It  was  the  oi'iginal  intention  of  tlie  autliors  to  revise  all  the  Anstralian 
species  of  the  Family  Oobiidae,  but  cirenmstanccs  liave  prevented  us  from 
cai'ryiug  out  our  design.  We  therefoi-e  submit  descriptions  and  figures  of 
such  species  as  we  have  been  able  to  deal  with,  and  give  refei-ences  to  tlie 
others.  We  have  been  unable  to  allocate  some  of  the  species  dealt  with 
to  an}'  genera  known  to  us,  but  as  we  lack  several  important  papers  on  the 
classification  of  the  Gobiidre,  we  have  preferred  to  leave  them  under  the 
bi^oader  headings  Gohlus  and  Elcotn's  rather  than  create  unnecessary 
additions  to  the  already  long  list  of  Gobioid  genera. 

We  have  had  the  advantage  of  examining  the  very  large  collections 
contained  in  the  Australian  Museum,  the  Queensland  Museum,  the  Macleay 
Museum,  and  the  South  Australian  Museum.  These  include  numerous 
tj'pes  and  cotypes,  and  many  authenticall}'  labelled  specimens,  while  the 
Australian  Museum  is  fortunate  in  possessing  a  repi'esentative  series  of 
Indian  fishes  from  the  collection  of  the  late  Dr.  Fi'ancis  Day.  All  these 
have  enabled  us  to  clear  up  many  points  in  the  vSynonymy  of  the  species 
dealt  with. 

We  are  greatly  indebted  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Macleay  Museum  foi- 
the  loan  of  all  the  Gobies  and  Eleotrids  under  their  charge.  We  also 
have  to  thank  Mr.  Edgar  R.  Waite,  Dirocttu'  of  the  South  Australian 
Museum,  for  the  loan  of  those  in  his  collection. 

Key  to  the  Subfamilies  of  the  Gobiida\ 

a.   Pectoral  base  very  muscular  and  mobile  ;  eyes  erectile Periophlhalminae . 

aa.   Pectoral  base  not  unusually  muscular  or  mobile;  eyes  not  erectile. 

b.  Ventral  fins  more  or  less  united,  usually  with  an  anterior  membrane  connecting 
the  spinesi Gohiinae. 

bb.  Ventral  fins  separate,  with  no  anterior  membrane  between  the  spines 

Eleotrinae. 

Family  GOBIID^. 
Subfamily   PERIOPHTHALMINAE. 

Perio])ht}ialiiti)tae,  Regan,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  viii.,  1911,  p.  733. 

Eyes  close  together,  prominent,  erectile  ;  base  of  pectoral  fin  very 
muscular.  Pectoral  radials  elongate,  inserted  on  a  broad,  laminar  I'idge 
of  the  cleithrum  ;  hypocoracoid  and  cleithrum  enclosing  a  large  foramen, 
Vertebrae  25-26  (10-11+14-16). 

1  This  membrane  is  present  in  some  species  of  Zonogobius  (Z.  nuchifasciatus), 
but  is  wanting  in  others  (Z.  semidoliatiis). 


194  ■RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRAMAX    MUSKTM. 

Key  to  Australian  genera. 

a.  Soft   dorsal   with   about    12   rays.      Teeth   vertical   in   lioth   jaws,    conical,    and 
sub-equal. 

h.  Teeth  uniserial  in  both  jaws;  scales  small Periophthalnms. 

hh.  Teeth  biserial  in  the  premaxillaries  ;  scales  larger Periophthalmodon. 

aa.   Soft  dorsal  with  about  25  rays.     Mandibular  teeth  more  or  less  horizontal ;  those 
of  the  premaxillaries  unequal,  some  subulate. 

c.  Body  scales  small  but  distinct ;   mandibular  teeth  arrauo;ed  in  a  row  wliich  does 
not  curve  inwards  posteriorly lioleophthalmus. 

cc.   Body  scales  rudimentary  ;    mandibular  teeth  in  a  row   which   curves  inward 
posteriorly Sea  rtelaos. 

Periopiitiialmus,  Block  Si-  Schneiiler. 

Periophthalnms,  Blocli  &  Sclmeider,  Syst.  Iclitli.,  1801,  p.  Go    (P.  papllio, 
Bloch  &  Schneider). 

Eiichoristopns,  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.   Sci.    Pliilad.,    1868,   p.    HI    (f,'ohiii.< 
lioelretiteri ,  Pallas). 

Form  moderately  elongate,  subcylindincal  anteriorly,  compressed 
posteriorly.  Body  covered  with  small,  cycloid  scales,  which  extend  onto 
ihe  head,  Month  rather  small,  horizontal,  the  upper  jaw  overhanging 
the  lower  ;  lips  with  fleshy  lobes  and  swellings.  Kyes  erectile,  contiguous, 
on  the  upper  profile  of  the  head  ;  lower  eyelid  well  developed.  Anterior 
nostrils  opening  in  lobules  above  the  upper  lip  ;  posterior  nostrils  simple 
openings  before  the  eye.  Teeth  in  a  single  row  in  each  jaw,  vertical, 
conical,  and  pointed.  Tongue  thick,  adnate  to  the  floor  of  the  mouth. 
Gill-openings  lateial,  separated  by  a  broad  isthmus.  Two  dorsal  fins,  the 
fii'st  with  spines  varying  in  number  up  to  fifteen  ;  second  dorsal  short, 
with  about  twelve  rays.  Anal  opposite  and  similar  to  the  second  dorsal. 
Pectoral  with  a  scaly  muscular  base.  Ventrals  more  or  less  united  or 
wholly  separate,  with  one  spine  and  five  rays. 

Small  fishes  of  the  estuaries  and  mud-flats  of  the  tropical  Indian  and 
Pacific  Oceans,  one  species  ranging  northward  to  Japan. 

Perioi'HTHAL.mus  KOELREUTEKi  (Pallas),  GUiither. 

var.  argentilineatus,  Cnvier  ^V  Valeiiciennes. 

(Plate  xxxi.,  fig.  1.) 

Periophthahnits   koi'lrentcn'   (Pallas),  Giinther,    Brit.   Mus.   Cat.  Fish.,  iii., 
1861,  p.  97. 

Periophthdliititfi  anieiilil'mealus,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,    Hist.    Xaf.    Poiss., 
xii.,  1837,  p.  191. 

D.  xii-xvi/12-18;  A.  12;  P.  13;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Depth  T)  7  i.i  the 
length  to  the  hypnral  joint ;  head  4"2  in  the  same.  Eye  4  in  tlio  head. 
First  dorsal  spine  11,  median  dorsal  ravs  2-1,  median  anal  i:i\s  2-7  in  tlu' 
head. 


Al'Sl'lv'AMAN    (KilillP.K McCn.LOCll     ANP    ii<;||,|;v.  1<J5 

Head  largely  naked,  tlie  upper  posterior  jjoition  ol  tlie  cheeks  and 
opercles  covered  with  iniperi'ect  scales.  Eye  elevated,  contiguous  with 
its  fellow  on  the  upper  pi-otile  of  the  head  ;  lower  eyelid  distinct.  Snout 
broad  and  rounded,  with  two  fleshy  protuberances  over  the  mouth,  at  the 
tips  of  which  are  the  anterior  nostrils  ;  posteiior  nosti-ils  situated  a  little 
in  advance  of  the  eye.  Upper  lip  thick  and  fleshy,  expanded  into  a  broad 
lobe  posteriorly,  lower  lip  with  a  thick  swelling  posterioily  ;  angle  of  the 
mouth  falling  below  the  middle  of  the  eye.  Teeth  in  each  jaw  in  a  single 
row,  short  and  conical,  a  few  slightly  enlarged  ;  palate  toothless.  Tongue 
adnate  to  the  floor  of  the  mouth.  Gill-opening  lateral,  not  so  wide  as  the 
isthmus. 

Body  covered  with  small  cycloid  scales  which  extend  forward  to  behind 
the  eyes,  and  cover  the  base  of  the  pectoral  and  portion  of  the  breast. 
There  are  about  seventy  rows  between  the  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the 
hypural  joint,  and  about  twenty-four  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal 
rays.     Genital  papilla  well  developed. 

First  doi'sal  commencing  behind  the  base  of  the  pectorals;  the  first 
spine  is  usually  highest,  and  the  succeeding  ones  decrease  rapidly  in  length 
so  that  the  tin  is  emarginate  antei-iorly,  but  may  be  obliquely  tmucate ;  it 
is  separated  from  the  second  dorsal  by  a  short  interspace.  Second  dorsal 
slightly  rounded,  the  middle  rays  a  little  longer  than  the  others.  Anal 
opposite  the  second  dorsal  but  a  little  more  rounded  and  lower  than  that 
fin.  Pectoral  a  little  pointed,  the  median  rays  longest  and  reaching  the 
vertical  of  the  vent.  Ventrals  inserted  well  before  the  pectorals,  with 
short,  thick  rays,  and  united  by  a  membrane  which  is  so  deeply  incised 
that  they  are  almost  separate.  Caudal  broadly  rounded,  with  its  lower 
rays  thickened,  pennulate  and  short. 

Golonr-markuig. — Greyish  brown,  with  dark  bars  descending  obliquely 
forward  onto  the  sides  ;  the  lower  portions  of  the  sides  with  lighter  spots 
and  bars,  the  head  dotted  with  white.  Basal  half  of  the  doi-sal  tins  grey, 
closely  speckled  with  white ;  a  broad,  black,  white-edged,  submargiual 
band  is  present  on  each  tin,  the  broader  outer  edge  forming  their  white 
margins.  Caudal  with  irregular  bars  of  dark  spots  on  the  rays.  Pectoral 
spotted  like  the  caudal.      Ventrals  and  anal  white,  with  dusky  markings. 

The  above  description  is  based  on  seven  examples,  50-!'0  mm.  long  ; 
the  ])roportions  are  those  of  the  largest  specimen,  which  is  tigured.  They 
were  taken  together  at  King  Sound,  North  Western  Australia,  and  are 
similar  in  all  structural  details  and  coloui'-marking,  varying  only  in  the 
relative  lengths  of  their  anterior  dorsal  spines. 

Variation. — A  series  of  thirty-two  specimens  28-94  mm.  long,  collected 
together  within  a  space  of  a  few  yards  at  Cooktown,  exhibits  remarkable 
variation  in  the  form  and  construction  of  the  tirst  dorsal  tin.  The  spines 
vary  fi'om  8-15,  the  number  being  usually,  though  not  always  greater  in 
the  larger  examples.  The  posterior  spines  are  sometimes  present  in  young 
examples,  though  very  minute  and  difficult  to  detect ;  in  others  they  are 
wholly  wanting,  and  the  fin  ends  abruptly  at  the  eighth  or  ninth  spine. 
The  distance  between  the  two  dorsal  fins  is  greater  or  smaller  according 
to  the  number  of  spines  developed  posteriorly.  The  margin  of  the  fin  is 
rounded    in    younger  specimens,    but   in   adults    the   anterior   spines    are 


19(>  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

somewhat  produced,  so  that  the  margin  becomes  excavate  as  in  the 
specimen  figured.  The  following  table  illusti-ates  the  variation  of  seven 
examples  selected  from  the  above  series. 


Length. 

Number  of 

spines. 

Shape  of  fin 

28  mm. 

9 

rounded. 

29     „ 

15    ' 

?i 

34     „ 

8 

■>■< 

37     „ 

10 

55 

57     „ 

18 

emarginate. 

71     „ 

15 

5> 

94     „ 

13 

5) 

Habits. — The  habits  of  F.  koelrenteri  have  been  observed  by  one  of  us 
(McCulloch)  at  several  localities  in  Queensland.  They  move  freely  about 
on  the  mud,  when  the  tide  is  out,  in  search  of  small  crustaceans  and 
insects,  upon  which  they  feed.  When  alarmed  they  skip  rapidly  away  by 
means  of  their  powerful  pectoral,  ventral  and  caudal  tins,  and  retreat  into 
a  crab-burrow  or  some  other  crevice.  At  Cooktown,  they  were  abundant 
around  a  narrow  stream,  a  few  yards  in  width,  which  enters  Finche  Bay  ; 
although  many  were  driven  towai^ds  the  water,  it  was  observed  that  none 
entered  it,  but  skipped  over  its  surface  in  a  series  of  short  quick  leaps  to 
the  other  side. 

At  Port  Curtis,  it  was  noted  that  the  rapid  jumping  movements 
usually  seen  when  they  are  on  land  are  only  adopted  as  a  means  of  escape. 
When  undisturbed,  they  move  in  stages  of  two  or  three  inches  by  raising 
the  fore-part  of  the  body  on  the  pectorals,  levering  themselves  forward  ; 
at  the  same  time  the  ventrals  are  moved  forward  so  that  they  act  alter- 
nately with  the  pectorals,  each  fin  of  either  pair  moving  in  unison  with 
its  fellow.  After  each  interv^al  of  walking,  the  fish  looks  arouml  for  prey 
by  means  of  its  elevated  eyes,  which  are  occasionally  turned  down  into 
their  sockets,  apparently  to  moisten  them.  The  agility  of  these  little 
fishes  on  the  mud  is  so  great  that  it  is  difficult  to  secure  specimens  without 
injuring  them,  and  series  could  only  be  secured  for  study  with  a  large 
cloth,  which  was  spread  over  the  mud,  and  suddenly  lifted  by  strings 
Avhen  the  fishes  hopped  over  it.  They  are  astonishingly  fearless,  and  if 
driven  from  their  feeding  grounds,  soon  return,  approaching  to  within  a 
few  inches  of  one  if  no  movement  alarms  tliem. 

These  fishes  are  very  vicious  towards  one  anotlier,  and  the  smaller 
examples  were  noticed  to  retreat  before  the  approach  of  their  larger 
fellows.  From  the  fact  that  small  ci'abs  scurry  into  their  burrows  at  tlie 
approach  of  a  Peri<i}ihtliahiii(s,  it  would  seem  that  they  largely  supply  it 
with  food,  and  one  fish  was  observed  to  spring  a  distance  of  about  six 
inches  at  a  crab,  which  it  secured  and  munched  with  evident  relish. 

At  Kpi,  in  the  New  Hebrides,  numbers  of  ren'ophtIi(dnin!i  were 
observed  basking  together  in  the  hot  sun  on  top  of  smooth  basaltic  rocks, 
about  five  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  was  also  noted  that  specimens 
placed  in  glass  jars  could  climb  the  smooth  surface  of  the  glass  with  ease, 
although  their  ventrals  are  not  united  into  sucking  discs  as  in  the  gobies. 


ATSTKAMAN    i;oi;i  I  H.K  —  .McCll.l.oCIl    ANh    (MIII.KV.  ll)7 

Lh'iitifi/. — The  sjji'ciL's  lit'i'c  (k'scrihi'd  and  lifjinrd  is  tliu  (•onimoiiest 
Aiistraliau  species  i)f  rcridji/itlnihinii^,  ami  lias  been  geiiei'ally  identified  as 
P.  li-aelreuferi,  Pallas.  It  appears  probable,  however,  that  several  species 
liave  been  united  under  that  name,  the  limits  and  variatit)ns  of  which  do 
not  appear  to  have  been  satisl'actorily  determined,  so  we  are  not  sure  that 
our  specimens  are  correctly  identified  \vi(li  Pallas's  species.  They  are 
apparently  referable  to  the  variety  urtjindiUueatas,  Cuvier  and  Valen- 
ciennes. 

Loc:?. — We  liave  examined  specimens  having  the  same  characters  as 
those  described  above  fi'om  the  Following  localities.  Cape  Bedfoi'd, 
Queensland  ;  coll.  C.  Hedley  &  E.  A.  Briggs,  August,  IDIH.  Cooktown, 
Queensland  ;  coll.  McCulloch,  June,  1918.  Sunday  Island,  King  Sound, 
North-western  Australia  ;  coll.  Di*.  H.  Basedow.  India  ;  Dr.  Francis 
Day's  collection.  Samoa  ;  coll.  Prof.  D.  S.  Jordan.  Bougainville  Island, 
Solomon  Group  ;   coll.  Count  Moruer. 

PKKioi'iiriiAi.MODox,  Tlleel-er. 

reriophtluxhuoduH,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neerl.  Sc.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  o26  (Gohins 
scJdosseri,  Pallas). 

This  geuus  oulj-  differs  from  PeriDphthiihinia  in  having  larger  scales 
on  the  head  and  body,  and  in  its  dentition.  There  are  about  fifty  rows  of 
scales  between  the  pectoral  base  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  the  mandibular 
teeth  are  in  two  rows,  the  outer  ones  being  canines  and  the  inner  smaller. 

Distribatiuii. — Bay  of  Bengal  to  Northern  Australia  and  the  Western 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Pkuioi'iitiialmodox  bakhsarus,  Liiine. 

(Plate  xxxi.,  fig.  2.) 

Gohiiis  harharuH^  Linnc,  Syst.  Nat.  (12th  ed.),  1766,  p.  450.  Id.,  Bonna- 
terre,  Encycl.  Meth.,  Ichth.,  1788,  p.  63,  pi.  xxxv.,  fig.  137. 

Gobius  schlosseri,  Pallas,  Spicil.  Zool.,  viii.,  1770,  p.  1,  pi.  i.,  figs.  1-4. 

Periophthaliiius  schlosseri,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii., 
1837,  p.  192.  Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  100. 
Id.,  Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  304,  pi.  Ixvi.,  fig.  4  (vide  synonymy). 

PeriopJUhaliiias  schlusseri,  Gihather,  Challenger  Rept.,  Zool.,  i.,  1880,  p.  33. 
It?.,  Garman,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  xxxix.,  1903,  p.  235. 

Periophthaliitus  australis,  Castelnau,  Res.  Fish.  Aust.  (Vict.  Offic.  Rec. 
Philad.  Exhib.),  1875,  p.  22.  Id.,  Alleyne  &  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn. 
Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i.,  1877,  p.  334,  pi.  xi.,  tig.  3.  Id.,  Castelnau,  Proc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  iii.,  1878,  p.  48.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn. 
Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  614,  and  viii.,  1883,  p.  206.  Id.,  Kent, 
Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  vi.,  1889,  p.  240. 

D.  iv/13  ;  A.  12  ;  P.  16  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Depth  43  in  the  length  to  the 
hypural  joint ;  head  3*1  in  the  same.  Ej-e  6-2  in  the  head.  First  dorsal 
spine  2"1,  eleventh  dorsal  ray  2,  tenth  anal  ray  3"1  in  the  head. 


198  KECOKDS    OF    TUE    AUSTKALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Head  covered  with  lai'ge  scales,  the  throat  naked.  Eye  elevated, 
touching  its  fellow  on  the  upper  profile  of  the  head  ;  lower  eyelid  distinct. 
Snout  broad  and  rounded,  with  paired  fleshy  protuberances ;  two  fleshy 
lobes  over  the  upper  lip,  into  whicli  the  anterior  nostrils  open.  Upper 
lip  thick,  the  lower  with  a  fleshy  lobe  posteriorly  ;  angle  of  the  mouth 
falling  below  the  hinder  margin  of  the  eye.  Premaxillaries  with  several 
strong  canines  near  the  symphysis,  followed  by  smaller  teeth  on  the  sides; 
an  inner  row  of  small  teeth  anterioi^ly.  Mandibular  teeth  in  a  single  row, 
and  smaller  than  those  of  the  upper  jaw.  Tongue  adnate  to  the  floor  of 
the  mouth.      Gill-opening  lateral,  about  as  wide  as  the  isthmus. 

Body  covered  with  scales  of  moderate  size,  which  extend  forward  to 
the  eyes,  and  onto  the  breast  and  base  of  the  pectoral.  There  are  fifty 
rows  between  the  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  about 
fourteen  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays.  Genital  papilla  well 
developed. 

First  dorsal  commencing  well  behind  the  base  of  the  pectorals  ;  the 
first  spine  is  highest,  the  others  decrease  backward,  and  the  space  between 
the  last  and  the  anterior  ray  is  equal  to  about  two- thirds  the  length  of 
the  head.  Second  dorsal  increasing  in  height  to  about  the  eleventh  ray, 
which  is  as  high  as  the  first  spine.  Anal  opposite  and  of  similar  form  to 
the  second  dorsal,  but  lower.  Pectoral  rounded,  witli  bifurcate  rays,  the 
median  ones  longest,  but  scarcely  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  vent ;  the 
lower  half  of  the  median  rays  is  covered  with  stout  scales.  Venti-als 
inserted  beneath  the  end  of  the  operculum,  the  two  tins  completely  united. 
Caudal  rounded,  its  lower  rays  short. 

Colour. — General  colour  dark  brown  in  formaline,  white  below,  each 
scale  of  the  lower  portion  of  the  sides  with  a  bluish  centre.  Dorsals, 
pectorals  and  caudal  brownish,  with  light  margins;  ventrals  and  anal 
white. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  197  mm.  long.  Twelve  other 
specimens  16o-255  mm.  long  exhibit  but  little  variation,  tliough  some  have 
five  instead  of  four  dorsal  spines. 

SynouyDiy. — The  name  Gohius  h(irh(irn,-<,  Lium'',  should  ap])arently 
apply  to  this  species,  and  not  to  P.  koelreateri,  to  which  it  has  hitlierto 
been  refei^ed.  Linnc  quoted  no  references  under  his  G.  harharus,  while 
sucli  characters  as  he  gives  do  not  enable  one  to  identify  his  species. 
Pallas  later  described  P.  srJdosserl  and  1'.  koelreateri,  but  his  Avork  is 
unfortunately  not  available  to  us.  Bonnaterre,  however,  gave  recognisable 
figures  of  both  "  Le  Schlosser"  and  "  Le  Koelreuter,"  wliich  wei-e  copied 
from  Pallas  according  to  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes-,  and  lu'  attached  the 
name  (i.  Imrharns  to  the  former.  As  tliere  seems  to  be  no  i-eason  to 
suppose  he  was  incorrect,  we  follow  him  in  identifying  Jjinni-'s  species 
with   I',  scldosserl. 

l'en'opJi.th(iliii.ns  aii.-^lntli.^,  Castclnan,  describeil  I'roni  Northern  (^)ueeu8- 
laiid,  is  evidently  synonymous  with   /'.  hdrhnrHa. 

-  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes — Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1837,  pp.  181  and  192 — 
footnotes. 


AUsi'iv'AF.iAX  coi'.iiii.K — ^rc (Tr.i.ocii   Axii  (ii;ii.r.v.  199 

jjocs. — Cairns,  North  Queensland.  Cookfnwn,  North  Queenshmd  ; 
coll.  K.  A.  C.  Olive.  Paira  Creek,  Cape  ^'ork  ;  coll.  iietlley  and 
McCnllocli,  Octoher,  li)07.     Melville  Island,  Noi'thern  Austi-alia. 

In  addition  to  these  localities  the  species  has  been  recognised  from 
Keppel  Bay  (Carman)  ;  Cardwell  (Ciinther)  ;  Rurdekin  and  Mary  Rivers 
(Macleay/;  Cape  York  (Maeleay)  ;  Norman  River  (Castelnan)  ;  Poit 
Darwin  (Macleay  and  Kent).  Teuison  Woods''  intimates  that  the 
species  occurs  in  the  Richmond  River,  New  South  Wales,  but  this  is 
doubtless  incoW'Cct. 

Bor.KoriiTUALMUS,  Cnvier  c^-  Valencievves. 

Boleophthalmvs,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1887,  p.  198 
(Gohlux  hoddnerti,  Pallas).  Id.,  Ciinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii., 
1861,  p.  101.  Id.,  Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  304.  Id.,  Jordan  & 
Snyder,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxiv.,  1901,  p.  47. 

Form  moderately  elongate,  subcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed 
posteriorly.  Body  covered  with  small  oa'  rather  large  scales,  which 
become  rudimentary  anteriorly,  and  are  obsolete  on  the  head.  Mouth  of 
moderate  size,  a  little  oblique,  the  upper  jaw  overlapping  the  lower. 
Eyes  prominent,  placed  high  in  the  head,  close  together ;  lower  eyelid 
well  developed.  Teeth  uniserial  in  the  premaxillaries,  some  of  the 
anterior  ones  large  and  subulate,  the  others  becoming  abruptly  smaller  ; 
mandibular  teeth  almost  horizontal,  flattened  and  usually  notched  at  their 
tips;  they  are  largest  anteriorly  and  arranged  in  a  row  which  does  not 
curve  inward  posteriorly  ;  a  large  inner  canine  on  each  side  of  the  man- 
dibular symphysis.  Tongue  thick  and  i-ounded,  adnate  to  the  floor  of  the 
mouth.  Gill-opening  lateral,  separated  by  a  bx'oad  isthmus.  Dorsal  fins 
separate,  the  first  high,  with  about  five  spines.  Second  dorsal  long,  with 
25-28  raj's  ;  anal  similar  to  the  second  dorsal.  Pectorals  with  a  scaly, 
muscular  base.     Ventrals  completely  united. 

BOLEOPHTHALMUS    CAEKULEOMACULATUS,  McCvlloflt   S)'  Waite. 

Boleophthalmus  caerideomacidatiiK,  McCulloch  &  Waite,  Rec.  S.  Austr. 
Mus.,  i.  1,  1918,  p.  79,  pi.  viii.,  fig.  1. 

Loc. — Adelaide  River,  Northern  Territory. 

Genus  Scartelaos,  Suiainiton. 

Scartelaos,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist.  Classif.  Fish.,  ii.,  1839,  p.  279  (Gohiits 
viridis,  Bachanan). 

Boleops,  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  1863,  p.  271  (JlnJeujd,thalr>nts 
aucicpatorinf<,  Richardson) . 

3  Tenison  Woods— Fish  and  Fisheries  N.S.Wales,  1882,  p.  27. 


200  RECORDS    OP    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSETM. 

Body  elongate  aud  compressed,  wholl}'  or  partly  covered  vrith  miuilte 
radimeutary  scales  which  become  obsolete  on  the  head.  Head  large, 
wider  than  deep,  opercular  region  swollen.  Snout  rounded,  the  upper 
jaw  longest ;  mouth  wide,  slightly  oblique,  the  upper  lip  thick  and  the 
lower  thin  ;  the  jaw  laterally  fringed.  Premaxillary  teeth  uniserial  au- 
terioi^ly,  large  and  subulate,  becoming  abruptly  smaller  posteriorly  ; 
mandibular  teeth  similar  but  smaller,  the  posterior  ones  in  a  row  which 
curves  inward  ;  a  large  canine  on  each  side  of  the  mandibular  symphysis. 
Tongue  adnate,  with  a  rounded  tip.  Anterior  nosti-il  in  an  elongate  tube 
situated  at  the  outer  angle  of  the  snout.  Eyes  superior,  proti^actile, 
contiguous.  Gill-opening  narrow  and  subvertical,  the  isthmus  wide  ;  five 
branchiostegals.  Fii'st  dorsal  with  five  flexible  spines,  one  or  more  of 
which  may  be  produced  into  filaments ;  second  dorsal  low  with  a  rudi- 
mentary spine  and  26-29  rays.  Anal  similar  to  the  second  dorsal  with 
i/24-26  rays.  Pectoral  short  and  rounded  with  13-21  rays  and  a  strong 
muscular  base.  Ventrals  wholly  united,  with  i/5  rays.  Caudal  cuneate, 
with  13-15  rays  of  which  the  lower  are  short  and  muscular.  Intestinal 
canal  long,  with  many  convolutions.     Vertebrae  25  (ll-j-14). 

AijhiitieK. — Scartehtos  is  very  closel}''  allied  to  BoJeopJitJidlniiitt,  but 
differs  in  having  the  mandibular  teeth  subulate  and  ari'anged  in  a  row 
which  curves  inward  posteriorly;  the  body  is  more  elongate,  and  covered 
with  only  minute  rudimentary  scales. 

In  addition  to  the  genotype,  this  genus  includes  l>oh'(>iilithah)iiiM  tenula, 
Day*,  and  B.  ijlaHcnx,  Day^. 

Habitat. — Small  fishes  from  the  litoral  zone  of  the  Indian,  Malay- 
sian and  North  Australian  Seas,  frequenting  the  mud-flats  of  tidal  rivers. 

SCARTELAOS  VIRIDIS,   Bin-Jniuan. 

(Plate  xxxii.,  fig.  1.) 

(lohias  ririitis,  Buchanan,  Fish.  Ganges,  1S22,  pp.  •1-2,  45,  366,  pi.  xxxii., 
fig.  12. 

BoleopIttJidJ III  lift  lilstifiphorus,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii., 
1837,  p.  210. 

BoleojilithitJiiiiix  cir'nll^,  Cavier  &  Valenciennes,  IhiJ.,  p.  213.  Id.,  Cantor, 
Cat.  Malay.  Fish.,  1850,  p.  195.  Id.,  Bleeker,  Verb.  Bat.  Gen.,  xxv., 
1853,  Beng.  en  Hind.,  p.  50.  Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish., 
iii.,  1861,  p.  104.  Id.,  Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  307,  pi.  Ixvi.,  fig.  5. 
Id.,  Waite,  Rec.  Austr.  Miis.,  iv.,  1902,  p.  194. 

Bohoj)}tth(dmiix  .s/'/mV^x,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii., 
1837,  p.  215. 

Bolfoiihtlnil  III  IIS  i-Jiiiiciisis,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  lln'd. 

Bi)le(iphtlialiiuis  aiiriijiatiiriiis,  Richai'dson,  Voy.  "  Sulphur,"  1842,  p.  148, 
pi.  xlii.,  figs.  1-2,  and  Rept.  Ichth.  China,  1846,  p.  208. 

*  Day— Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  305,  pi.  Ixv.,  fig.  1. 
«  Day— ffcit?.,  p.  306,  pi.  Ixv.,  fig.  3. 


Arsii;.\i.iA\  tioi'.rih.K — Mccn.i.dcii   anI'  'h.ii.kv.  2<J1 

Apocnipfet}    iiiiicr(tj)}ilJii(Jmii.<,    Cast cIikiii,    Pi'oc.    Znol.    Soc.   \  ict.,   ii.,    lS7.">, 

p.  87. 
Gohioitonia  (fi(tt>il(iti(iii,   Mai-lt'ivv,    I'voc.    liimi.  Soc.  N.S. Wales,  ii.,  lS7S,  p. 

357,  pi.  ix.,  fi^.  6. 
/  Gol)iosoma  pinii-fiihtniiii,  De  Vis,  I'roc.  liiiiii.  Soc.  N.S.Walos,  viii.,    ISS-i, 

p.  449. 
SriirteJKox  vin'ih'>^,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Pi'oc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mas.,    x.wiii.,    li>05,   p. 

794,  fig.  5. 
rseiidapocn/ptea   (/KtliiliitK hi,   Jordan    &    Scale,    IJull.    U.S.    Fisli.    ]?ni-can, 

XXV.,  i906,  p.  408. 
i* Pf>euda2}0cri/pte!<  piinctitlaruvi,  Jordan  &  Seale,  7/^/'/. 

D.  V,  i/26-27  ;  A.  i/24-26  ;  P.  21  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  17.  Depth  of  tlie  body 
6'5-9"l  iu  its  lengtli"  ;  and  equal  to  about  bait"  tbe  leno'tb  of  the  head  ; 
head  8'6-44  in  the  length  of  tlie  bod}-,  one-fifth  to  one-thiixl  wider  than 
deep,  and  two-fifths  to  two-thirds  longer  than  wide.  Kye  3-75-5"5  in  the 
head  and  shorter  than  the  snout,  which  is  3"1-3S  in  the  head.  Breadth 
of  the  bod}'  behind  the  pectorals  1'2-1'5  iu  the  depth. 

Upper  surface  and  sides  of  the  head  with  non-imbricate  rudimentary 
scales,  appearing  as  pit-like  depressions.  Profile  of  the  snout  strongly 
rounded.  Auteinor  border  of  the  upper  lip  with  eleven  unequal  papillje, 
the  lateral  border  crenulate.  Mandible  with  a  well  developed  mental 
barbule.  Cleft  of  the  mouth  extending  to  below  the  posterior  border  of 
the  eye,  its  length,  2o-2'8  in  that  of  the  head.  Upper  jaw  with  seven  or 
eight  pairs  of  enlarged  subulate  teeth,  which  are  followed  by  six  to  eight 
similar,  but  much  smaller,  teeth  ;  mandible  with  fifteen  pairs  of  enlarged 
teeth,  and  four  smaller  ones  behind  them  ;  a  pair  of  strong  recuiwed 
canines  at  the  symphysis. 

Body  gently  tapering  from  the  shoulders  backward,  and  everywhere 
covered  with  minute  scales. 

Spinous  dorsal  originating  above  the  posterior  third  of  the  adpressed 
ventrals ;  the  length  of  its  Tiarrow  base,  including  the  small  terminal 
membrane,  is  somewhat  less  than  the  length  of  the  snout.  Thii^d  dorsal 
spine  longest,  and  filamentous;  in  the  male  it  may  extend  to  the  eighteenth 
dorsal  ray,  its  length  being  2*1  in  that  of  the  body ;  in  the  female  it 
sometimes  reaches  the  sixth  ray,  and  may  be  3'87  in  the  body-length. 
Second  dorsal  rays  gradually  increasing  to  or  nearly  to  the  antepenultimate, 
the  longest  2"2-2'8  in  the  head  ;  membrane  of  the  last  ray  narrowlj'  united 
to  the  upper  caudal  ray.  Anal  originating  below  the  second  dorsal  ray, 
and  leather  lower  than  that  fin  ;  tlie  membrane  of  the  last  ray  just  reaches 
the  base  of  the  caudal.  Median  pectoral  rays  longest,  extending  to  below 
the  last  dorsal  spine,  and  1'8-21  in  the  head.  Ventrals  inserted  slightly 
in  advance  of  the  pectoral,  as  long  as  or  a  little  longei-  than  that  fin. 
Middle  caudal  rays  longest,  3"4-41  in  the  body-length. 

"  The  body  is  deeper  in  smaller  examples  than  in  larojer  ones  owing  to  the 
gradual  elongation  of  tl.e  tail  with  age.  In  a  specimen  08  nnn.  long,  tlie  vent  is 
nearer  the  Vjase  of  the  caudal  than  the  end  of  the  snout;  in  another  measuring  105 
mm.,  it  is  midway  between  those  two  points,  while  in  a  lM(i  miu.  fxami>le  it  is  one- 
fourth  nearer  the  end  of  the  snout. 


202  RECouns  of  the  austiialtan  museum. 

Colour. — Blne-grej',  the  upper  surface  usually  washed  with  brown  and 
bearing  a  few  small  widely  scattered  black  spots  ;  lips,  throat,  and 
abdominal  region  bluish  white.  Many  specimens  have  a  number  of  short 
black  cross-bars  on  the  middle  of  the  sides,  which  are  most  developed  in 
specimens  of  medium  size  and  tend  to  disappear  in  larger  ones.  Produced 
portion  of  the  spinous  dorsal  blackish,  the  basal  portion  like  the  back  and 
occasionally  with  a  few  small  black  spots.  Soft  dorsal  bi^ownish-blue, 
and  sparsely  spotted  with  black.  Caudal  bluish-grey,  the  inferior  rays 
white,  and  witli  numei-ous  black  spots  arranged  in  iw-egnlar  transverse 
series.  Anal  and  ventrals  yellowish-white.  Pectorals  dark  grey,  with  a 
broad  lighter  border  and  some  black  spots  on  the  base. 

Described  from  eight  examples  68-140  mm.  long  from  the  Burnett 
River  Heads  ;   the  figure  represents  one  of  these  136  mm.  long. 

Synonymy. — We  have  examined  the  eight  co-types  of  (^ohiosoiiia 
gntfnlatnm,  Macleay,  and  find  them  similar  to  the  specimens  described  in 
all  details  ;  in  Macleay's  figure,  the  angulated  muscle-bars  are  too  pro- 
nounced, their  appearance  being  exaggei^ated  by  contraction  due  to  the 
effects  of  their  preservative  fluid.  The  type  of  G.  punctularnvi,  De  Vis, 
cannot  be  found  in  the  collection  of  the  Queensland  Museum  ;  its  brief 
description  suggests  that  it  is  synonymous  with  S.  vlridli^,  the  differences 
noted  between  it  and  G.  guttnlatuDi  being  apparently  of  little  value. 
Castelnau's  description  of  his  Apocryptes  macrophthahniis  from  Port  Darwin 
leaves  little  doubt  that  that  species  also  is  synonymous  with  ;S'.  I'iridis. 

Habits. — These  little  fishes  frequent  mud-flats  and  mangrove  swamps, 
and  so  soon  as  the  receding  tide  leaves  the  flats  uncovered,  the}^  emerge 
from  the  holes  in  which  they  lie  concealed  during  the  prevalence  of  the 
flood.  They  traverse  the  mud  with  astonishing  rapidity,  their  powerfial 
pectoral,  ventral  and  caudal  muscles  enabling  them  to  leap  and  bound 
over  its  yielding  surface  in  search  of  the  small  creatures  on  which  they 
subsist.  They  can  extrude  or  retract  the  eyes  at  will,  and  we  are  informed 
by  Dr.  Bancroft  that  they  can  partly  raise  themselves  upon  their  ventral 
fins  and  tail  so  as  to  gain  a  wider  outlook.  He  also  notes  that  they  hold 
the  spinous  dorsal  fully  erect  when  moving  over  the  mud.  Dussumier^ 
observed  these  fishes  in  the  delta  of  the  River  Ganges,  and  wrote: — 
"  They  are  abundant  on  the  mud-flats,  over  which  tliey  ski]>  in  pursuit  of 
small  crustaceans;  when  an  attempt  is  made  to  capture  them  they  bury 
themselves  with  great  celei'ity  in  the  mud,  oi-  if  that  be  to  hard  they  hurriedly 
seek  a  crab-hole,  in  which  to  take  i-efnge  ;  when  they  are  in  the  water 
they  frequently  raise  the  head  above  the  sui'face."  Refei-iiiig  to  this 
latter  peculiarity  Dr.  Bancroft  writes  : — "  When  pursued  it  skips  into 
the  water,  swims  a  few  feet,  and  then  protrudes  its  head  witli  its  goggle- 
eyes  thrust  forth  to  their  full  extent  ;  and  from  this  point  of  vantage,  it 
stares  impudently  at  its  would-be  captor."  AVriting  of  an  allied  species, 
BoleopJitludinns  2)ectin'iro.'itris,  Jordan*^  says  : — "  The  animal  has  the  power 
of  skipping  along  over  the  wet  sands  and  mud,  even  skimming  with  gi-eat 
speed  over  the  surface  of  the  water.  It  chases  its  insect  prey  among 
rocks,  leaves  and  weeds,  and  out  of  the  water  is  as  agile  as  a  lizai'd." 

"  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes — Hist.  Nat.  I'oiss.,  xii.,  18157,  ]■>.  '2\',\. 
■*  Jordan — (luide  Study  of  Fislins.  ii.,  1905,  p.  465. 


AUS'l'K'AI.IAN    (iniUIH.i;  — McCri.MK'll    AM'    (m;||J;k  2( ))} 

Accord iiig  to  Dussuiiiioi',  tlic  natives  of  Siirat  coiisuine  lai'ge  quantities 
uf  these  tishes  iu  a  salted  oi-  dried  state,  mixing  them  with  boiled  rice. 

Loc^. — Deception  Bay  and  Burnett  River  Heads;  coll.  I)i-.  'I',  li. 
Bancroft.  Other  specimens  are  in  the  Queensland  Museum  from  the 
estuaries  of  the  Brisbane  River,  Pioneer  River,  Barron  River,  and  tlie 
Ross  River  at  Townsville.  The  co-types  of  Gubiosmiui  (jHtluldtniii, 
Macleay,  were  secured  at  Port  Darwin,  which  is  also  the  locality  of 
Apocnjptes  iiiacruphthalnius,  Castelnau.  Waite  recorded  the  species  from 
Broome  and  the  Lennard  River,  North-Western  Australia. 

Distribiitinii. — From  the  West  Coast  of  India  to  the  Malay  Peninsula 
and  the  China  Sea  ;   New  Guinea,  North  and  North-Eastern  Australia. 

Subfamily   (loniiXAK. 

The  subfamilies  Gobiina3  and  Eleotriuae  have  been  regarded  as  well 
defined  families  by  some  authors,  they  being  separated  on  the  structiire  of 
their  ventral  fins.  In  the  Gobiinae,  the  ventrals  are  juxtaposed  and  usually 
united  into  a  complete  disc,  which  is  generally  supplemented  by  an  anterior 
membrane  connecting  the  spines;  fui'ther,  the  fifth  rays  are  generally  as 
long  as  the  fourth.  In  the  Eleotrina^  the  ventrals  are  se[)arate  ;  there  is 
no  anterior  membrane,  and  the  fifth  ray  is  shorter  than  the  fourth.  Were 
these  characters  constant,  the  subdivision  of  the  two  groups  would  present 
no  difficulties,  but  in  some  species  the  ventral  structures  are  more  or  less 
intermediate  between  the  two  types. 

The  highly  specialised  Callogobius  srJateri,  wliich  has  hitherto  been 
regarded  as  an  Eleotrid,  is  very  similar  in  all  its  major  characters  to  the 
other  species  of  the  genus,  but  has  eleotrid  ventrals  as  defined  above 
though  there  is  a  membrane  connecting  the  bases  of  the  inner  rays  ;  in  C. 
kasseUii  tlie  fourth  ray  is  distinctly  longer  than  the  fifth,  but  the  ventrals 
are  otherwise  of  gobioid  form.  Jn  Zonogohins  the  ventrals  are  completely 
united,  but  the  fifth  ray  is  shorter  than  the  fourth  ;  in  the  typical  form 
Z.  seiiiidoliatus,  there  is  no  trace  of  an  anterior  membrane  between  the 
spines,  but  this  structure  is  well  developed  in  Z.  nuc/n'/wiciatus.  The 
ventrals  of  QalnqiiiUuH  engcuius  are  similar  to  those  of  Z.  semidvliatas,  but 
it  has  been  regarded  as  an  Eleotrid  by  Jordan  and  his  colleagues  though 
Weber  associaties  it  with  the  Gobies. 

These  intermediate  forms  are  few  in  numbei',  however,  and  the 
greater  mass  of  species  of  both  groups  are  readily  separable  into  one  or 
the  other  section.  Under  these  circumstances,  it  seems  unnecessary  to 
maintain  separate  families  for  the  Eleotrids  and  (Jobies,  though  they  can 
be  conveniently  classified  as  subfamilies,  distinguished  by  the  complete  or 
partial  junction  (Gobiinae),  or  the  complete  separation  of  their  ventral 
fins  (Eleotrinae). 

Provisional  key  to  the  Australian  genera  and  species  known  to  the 
authors. 

a.  Soft  dorsal  and  anal  long,  partly  united  with  the  caudal ;   D.   vi/38-t8.     Body 
anguilliform,  naked.     Eyes  minute,  teeth  long  and  curved. 

b.   Head  with  prominent  raised  papillose  ridges Lemc,  spp. 


204  UKCORDS    OF    THE    AUSTKALIAX    ML'SEUM. 

66.   Head  without  such  ridges Taenioides,  s}). 

aa.   Soft  dorsal  and  anal  shorter,  free  from  the  caudal. 

c.  iJody  naked,  compressed  and  elevated Gobiodon,  spp. 

cc.   Body  scaly. 

d.  Chin  and  mandible  with  barbies,  cheeks  and  oi)ercles  scaly 

J' a rachactu nclith ys,  sp. 

dd.  Chin  and  mandible  without  barbies. 

e.  First  dorsal  with  7-8  spines (Gohius)  pictus. 

ee.  First  dorsal  with  6  spines. 

/.   Head  with  very  prominent  raised  pai)illo.se  ridges Callogubius,  sp. 

ff.  Head  with  only  microscopic  paijillse  in  rows. 

g.  Opercles  scaly,  cheeks  naked  or  scaly. 

h.  Cheek  scales  large  and  distinct Exyrias,  sp. 

hh.  Cheek  scales  indistinct  or  wanting. 

i.   Fox'ty  or  more  scales  in  a  longitudinal  row Miujilogobins  devisi. 

li.  Less  than  forty  scales  in  a  longitudinal  row. 

j.  Head  subcylindrical  posteriorly,  about  as  broad  as  deep. 

k.  Scales  of  nape  and  operculum  small Mngilogobins  gahcayi. 

kk.  Scales  of  nape  and  operculum  enlarged ...(Gobius)  Jlavescens. 

jj.  Head  compressed,  deeper  than  broad (Gobius)  uaslnilis. 

gg.  Opercles  naked  or  nearly  naked,  cheeks  naked. 

I.  Exposed  edge  of  shoulder-girdle  with  fleshy  lobes Awaons,  sp. 

II.  Exjiosed  edge  of  shoulder-girdle  smooth. 
ni.   Upper  pectoral  rays  free  and  silk-like. 

li.  Tongue  truncate  or  rounded  anteriorly Gobius,  sp. 

nn.  Tongue  emarginate  anteriorly Mapo,  spp. 

mm.  Upper  pectoral  rays  not  free  nor  differentiated  from  the  otlieis. 

o.  Tongue  deeply  notched  antei-iorly Glossogobitis,  spp. 

00.  Tongue  not  deeply  notched. 

p.   Head  subspherical,  with  spines  or  large  papilhe Paragobiodon,  sp. 

pp.  Head  longer,  without  spines  or  large  papilla?. 

q.  Scales  larger,  36  or  less  in  a  longitudinal  row. 

/•.  Nape  and  greater  portion  of  neck  naked. 

.s.   Gill-openings  extending  well  forward  below,  fifth  ventral  ray  shorter 
than  the  fourth Zonogobius,  sp. 

ss.  Gill-openings  not  extending  forward  below,  fifth  ventral  ray  as  long 
as  the  fourth. 

(.  Breast  and  pectoral  base  naked (Gobius)  lidwilli. 

tt.  Breast  and  pectoral  base  scaly. 

(i.  Caudal  pointed,  body  longer (Gobius)  bifi-cunlus  and 

(Gobius)  scmi/i'cnitlus. 

uu.   Caudal  rounded,  body  .slmrter ■  ...Ilhiuogobius,  spp. 

IT.  Nape  and  neck  scaly. 

V.  Snout  pointed,  maxilla  extending  to  below  the  orbital  border 

(Gobius)  ueophytus. 

vv.   Snout  obtuse,  maxilla  extending  Ix-yond  the  orbital  border 

(Gobius)  lateralis. 


AL'SIKALIAN    <;()l;lll>.K Mc  (T  1,1,0011    ANH    (iCll.in.  20^ 

nq.  Scales  smallor,  iikhi'  than  ;{6  in  a|longitiidinal  row. 

It".    Moiitli    very   larj:fe,    nia.\illa   iJiodiicecl    liackward   toward  tlie  preojior- 

ciiliiiu Waitca,  sp. 

WW.   Mouth  normal,  maxilla  nut  specially  produced. 

X.   About  15  dorsal  and  anal  rays,  snout  tumid,  caudal  mundi'd 

Ainhlyijnbins,  spp. 

XX.   13  or  less  dorsal  and  anal  rays,  snout  nui'Mial. 

y.  Scales  minuto,  ahout  00  in  a  longitudinal  row Cnjidocoitnis,  sp. 

yy.  Scales  larger. 

;.  Nape  scaly (.)xyu richtit t/s,  spj). 

22.   Nape  naked (Gobius)  eremins. 

Genus  Lkme,  iJe  Vis. 

Leme,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Liuu.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  viii.,  188;],  p.  28(5  (L.  munhi.i', 
De  Vis). 

Body  elongate,  sabcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly.  It 
is  wholly  naked  ;  lateral  line  defined  b}^  a  groove  along  which  are  fleshy 
swellings  on  the  tail  portion.  Head  subquadrilateial,  with  raised  ridges 
of  papilh«  radiating  from  the  eye,  on  the  cheeks,  opercles  and  mandible. 
Eye  obsolete.  Mouth  very  oblique,  with  broad  lobulate  lips  ;  mandible 
with  barbies.  An  outer  row  of  subulate  teeth  in  each  jaw,  followed  by  a 
narrow  band  of  villiform  ones  ;  no  teeth  on  the  palate.  Tongue  thick, 
rounded  anteriorly,  largely  adnate  to  the  floor  of  the  mouth.  Gill- 
openings  broad,  lateral,  separated  by  a  wide  interspace  ;  exposed  edge  of 
shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Four  branchoiostegals.  One  long  dorsal  fin, 
with  six  spines  and  about  38-48  branched  rays,  the  last  united  with  the 
caudal  base.  Anal  similar  to  the  soft  dorsal.  Pectoi'als  well  developed, 
with  bifurcate  rays.  Ventrals  united  into  a  large  disc,  with  one  spine 
and  five  rays.     Caudal  well  developed,  pointed. 

This  genus  is  very  near  Tae)iioides,  Lacepede,  but  differs  in  having 
prominent  ridges  of  papillae  on  the  head. 

a.  About  48  dorsal  rays ;  head  about  9 J  in  total  length mordax. 

aa.  About  37  dorsal  rays  ;  head  about  7  in  total  length purpuvascetis. 

Leme  mokdax,  De  Vis. 

(Plate  xxxi.,  fig.  4.) 

Leme  morda,c,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  viii.,  1883,  p.  286. 

D.  vi/48;  A.  46;  P.  16;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Length  to  tlie  vent  2-4  in 
the  tail.  Head,  measured  from  the  premaxillary  symphysis  to  the  upper 
angle  of  the  gill-opening,  9-4  in  the  total  length,  and  1-8  in  its  distance 
from  the  vent.  Depth  befoi^e  the  ventrals  1-7,  pectoral  3*2,  and  ventrals 
1"2  in  the  head. 

Head  subquadrilatei^al,  with  raised  ridges  of  papilla^  which  are 
disposed  as  in  the  accompanying  illustration  of  L.  pnrpurasreiis.  Anterior 
nostril  opening  in  a  fleshy  lobe  behind  the  upper  lip,  the  posterior  a  larger 


206  IMCCOHDS    OF     TUK    ArsilIALlAX    MCSKFJl. 

pore  before  tlie  eye.  Eye  minute,  hidden  in  the  skin  on  tlie  upper  surface 
of  the  head.  Mouth  subvertical,  with  broad  lobate  lips  ;  lower  jaw  pro- 
jecting. Mandible  with  three  paired  barbies  increasing  in  size  backward, 
and  one  almost  between  the  median  pair.  An  outer  row  of  exposed 
subulate  teeth  in  each  jaw,  which  are  largest  towards  the  symphyses  ; 
these  are  followed  by  a  band  of  villiforra  teeth  which  is  widest  anteriorly 
and  narrows  laterally  ;  palate  toothless.  Gill-openings  separated  by  a 
space  equal  to  that  between  the  posterior  ni)strils. 

Body  wholly  naked,  lacking  even  rudimentary  scales.  A  lateral  line 
is  indicated  by  a  groove  upon  which  are  large  fleshy  swellings  on  the  tail 
pox"tiou.     A  small  gejiital  papilla. 

Doi'sal  tin  commencing  above  the  end  of  the  ventrals,  the  distance 
separating  it  from  the  gill-opening  a  little  less  than  that  between  the 
latter  point  and  the  snout ;  the  five  anterior  spines  increase  regularly  in 
length,  the  sixth  is  shorter  than  the  fifth  and  widely  separated  from  the 
others  ;  they  ai'e  completely  united  with  each  othei'  and  with  the  rays  by 
a  thick  membrane.  Dorsal  rays  branched,  increasing  in  length  to  about 
the  middle  of  the  fin,  then  decreasing  backward  ;  the  last  is  united  with 
the  base  of  the  caudal  hj  membrane,  but  its  tip  forms  a  free  lobe.  Anal 
similar  to  the  soft  dorsal.  Pectoral  small,  rounded,  with  branched  rays. 
Ventrals  large,  completely  united,  with  a  broad  basal  membrane.  Caudal 
pointed. 

Colourless  after  long  preservation  in  alcohol. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  218  mm.  long,  fi-om  Ripple 
Creek,  Herbert  River,  Queensland,  which  is  very  close  to  the  Murray 
River  whence  the  typical  example  was  obtained.  It  differs  from  I)e  Vis' 
description  in  being  wholly  naked  and  in  having  branched  I'ays  in  all  tlie 
tins  ;  the  head  is  less  than  one-ninth  of  the  total  length  instead  oi  one- 
eighteenth,  and  there  are  no  palatine  teeth.  Notwithstanding  these 
disci'epancies,  it  seems  probable  that  the  specimen  is  correctly  identitied 
as  L.  iiiorda.f. 

Variiition. — A  second  specimen  from  Cooktown,  190  mm.  long,  is  very 
similar,  but  lacks  the  median  mandibular  barbie.  The  head  is  one-tenth 
of  the  total  length  and  it  has  vi/47  rays  in  the  dorsal  tin  and  40  in  the 
anal. 

Lvcs. —  i{i])plo  Ci'cek,  Herbert  Kiver,  and  Ccioklown,  Queensland. 

LeMK    I'I  UriKASCKNS,  /Jr   17}?. 

(Plate  xxxi.,  fig.    '.).) 

Leiiir  jiin-piirascens,  De  Vis,  Pi'oc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wah's,  ix.,  lS8l,  p.  (il»8. 
<jfol)ioi.(l.ex   imrpurasceiitf,   Ogilby,    Cat.    Fish.    N.S.Wales,  lS,S(i,  p.  ;!(i.      /</., 

Waite,  Mem.  N.S.Wales  Nat.  Club,  ii.,  1904,  p.  40. 
Aiiilil ijopns  nitjt'r,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  ]).  (598. 

D.  vi/87;  A.  :?(i:  P.  IC.  ?  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15  r'  Length  t..  the  vent  1-8 
in  the  tail.  Head,  without  the  mandible,  7  in  the  total  length,  and  TO  in 
its  distance  ivom  the  vent.  Depth  before  the  venti'als  18,  pectorals  3, 
and  ventrals  l'()9  in  the  head. 


AUSTI.'AF.IAX    t;t)l;lll>.f McCI'lJ.OCIl    A\I>    OilIl.r.Y.  207 

Tliis  species  appears  to  differ  fi-nni  L.  inorihix  pi-iricipally  in  its 
pi'oportidiis,  and  in  having  fewer  dorsal  and  anal  rays.  The  dorsal  tin 
commences  a  little  fai-ther  foi-ward,  and  the  median  niandibnlar  barbies 
ai'e  paired  on  each  side. 

The  above  proportions  are  tliose  of  a  specimen  185  mm.  long,  from 
tlie  Riclimond  River.  The  illustration  is  prepai-ed  i'rom  a  small  example 
92  mm.  long,  from  an  unknown  locality,  in  which  the  cephalic  lidges 
are  well  preserved. 

Sij II 0)111  ))ii/. — We  have  examined  the  holotype  of  Aiiihli/njnis  iiiijf-r,  T)e 
Vis,  and  tind  it  quite  similar  to  the  specimens  described  and  figured.  Tt 
is  much  slirivelled  and  quite  black,  but  has  tlie  cephalic  ridges  and  f)t]ier 
characters  of  L.  purpitrdsct'iix. 

Locs. — Richmond  River,  Xew  South  Wales  ;  coll.  Mr.  Thomas 
Temperley,  1887.  Nowi^a,  Shoalhaven  Rivei-,  New  South  Wales;  coll. 
Mr.  John  Baxter. 

Genus  T.i^ixioides,  Laceprde. 

T.?:\ioir)ES  nuTini.^TRiATc.=^,  Kent. 

AniJblyopnit  ruhriftridtus,  Kent,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  vi.,  1S89,  pp.  223, 
235,  pi.  xiii.,  fig.  5. 

This  briefly  characterised  species  has  not  been  recognised  since  it  was 
fii'st  secured  by  Kent  in  the  Cambridge  Gulf,  North-western  Australia. 
It  is  perhaps  incorrectly  associated  with  Tifuioides. 

Genus  GOBIODON,  Ble.elcer. 

Gohiodon,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijdschr.  Ned.  lud.,  xi.,  185G,  p.  407  (Ciohiiis 
Jiistrio,  Cuv.  &  Val.). 

Pseudogobiodoii,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neer.  Sc.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  309  (Gohins 
citrinns,  Riipp.). 

Ellerya,  Casteluau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  1873,  p.  95,  and  Res.  Fish. 
Anstr.  (Vict.  Offic.  Rec.  Philad.  Exhib.),  1875,  p.  21  (E.  unicohrr, 
Cast.). 

Genpral  foi^m  short  and  compressed  ;  body  naked,  but  covered  with 
a  thick  granular  mucous,  which  when  removed,  may  leave  small  pits  in  the 
skin  resembling  rudimentary  scales.  Head  compressed,  the  profile 
rounded ;  mouth  a  little  oblique,  jaws  subequal.  Large  tubular  pores 
open  between  the  nostrils,  on  the  interorbital  space,  behind  the  eye,  and 
around  the  preopercular  border ;  lower  margin  of  the  preoperculum  and 
mandible  with  minute  papilla^.  Teeth  in  a  narrow  band  in  each  jaw,  the 
outer  row  of  which  is  largest  ;  a  few  stronger  inner  teeth  on  each  side  of 
the  mandibular  .symphysis.  Tongue  partly  free,  truncate  or  rounded 
anteriorly.  Gill-opening  opposite  and  as  wide  as  the  pectoral  base, 
isthmus  very  broad  ;  shonlder-giixUe  smooth.  Dorsal  with  six  spines  and 
about  eleven  I'ays  ;  anal  similar  to  the  dorsal.  Ventrals  small,  cup-shaped. 
Caudal  and  pectorals  rounded. 


208  RECOROS  OF  THK  AUSTRALIAN  ^MUSEF^r. 

Syntvupinj. — r!<einlo(ji)hiod<iu  <■///•/» »^-  1ms  been  separated  from  iiohindon 
because  it  has  no  canines.  Though  its  inner  enlarged  mandibular  teeth 
are  smaller  and  less  cauinirorni  than  in  the  typical  species  of  Gobiodon, 
thev  are  nevei'theless  similar  in  both  structure  and  position,  and  we  do  not 
regard  them  as  sufficiently  characteristic  to  justify  the  maintenance  of 
the  genus.  EUeri/a,  Castelnau,  is  iuaccui-ately  and  superficially  defined, 
but  is  evidently  based  upon  a  species  of  Gohiudoit  (see  notes  under 
(7.  vertical  is). 

Ke}'  to  the  Australian  species. 

aa.  First  dorsal  rounded,  the  fifth  spine  highest. 

h.  Colour  ligliter,  usually  with  traces  of  five  broad  darker  bars  across  the  head  and 
pectoi'al  base;   body  very  deep,  head  deeper  thau  long verliculis. 

hb.  Colour  darker  ;  head  uniform  or  with  narrow  blue  lines  across  the  sides  and 
pectoral-base  ;  body  less  elevated,  head  about  as  deep  as  long. 

c.   Head  and  pectoral-base  with  five  Ught  dark-edged  lines qidnqHestfigutug. 

re.   Head  uniform  or  with  indistinct  lines var.  cerametisis. 

aa.  First  dorsal  angular,  the  anterior  spines  highest. 

d.   Head  and  pectoral  base  with  four  blue  cross-lines citiinus. 

GoiilODox  VERTiCALis,  AUeipie  ^-  Muclemj. 

(Plate  xxxii.,  fig.   2.) 

?  Ellenja  loii'-oJor,  Castelnau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  1873,  p.  95. 
Go})iodon  niiicolor,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  613. 
Gohiodoit    verfictdi.-i,   Alleyne  &  Macleay,   Proc.    Linn.   Soc.   N.S.Wales,  i., 

1877,  p.  333,  pi.  xii!,  fig.  4.      /-/.,  Macleay,  Loc.  cit.,  v.,  1881,  p.  (U2. 
Fsendoi/ohiodoii   rertiralis,   Jordan   ct    Scale,   Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv., 

1906,  p.  410. 
Gohiiix  doin/Jas!,  Kent,  Great  Barrier  Reef,  1893,  p.  'MO,  pi.  xvi.,  fig.  12. 

D.  vi/11  ;  A.  10;  V.  i/5;  P.  19;  C.  17.  Depth  before  the  venti-als 
22  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint  ;  head  3-5-3'6  in  the  same.  Eye 
4dJ-4-7  in  the  head,  and  subeqnal  to  its  distance  from  the  jn-emaxillary 
symphysis;  interocular  space  equal  to  the  eye  diameter.  Caudal  peduncle 
as  deep  as  long.     Breadth  before  the  pectorals  2'6-2-7  in  the  height. 

Head  much  deeper  than  long,  greatly  compressed  ;  the  profile  of  the 
muz/de  is  subvertical  and  the  forehead  and  (diin  are  very  convex  and 
equally  rounded.  Nostrils  in  low  tubes,  the  posterior  placed  just  befoi-e 
the  eye,  the  anteiior  neai'er  the  upper  lip.  A  series  of  several  large 
tubular  pores  extends  aroiind  the  preopercular  border  to  behind  the  eye; 
two  others  are  on  the  intennbital  space,  ami  a  pair  between  the  postei-ior 
nostrils.  Microscopic  papilhv  ai-e  present  on  the  lower  preoperculai- 
border,  and  beneath  the  lowei-  lip.  Interocular  space  very  convex.  Mouth 
a  little  (d)liqne,  the  jaws  equal  ;  maxilla  extending  backward  to  below  the 
antei'ior  half  or  the  middle  of  the  eye.  Kach  jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of 
teeth,  the  outer  row  of  which  is  strong,  the  otliej-s  villiforni  ;  an  enlarged 
curved  canine  on  eaidi  side  <d"  the  mandibulai- svniphvsis.  (!  ill-opening  as 
wide  as  the  base  of  the  pectoral. 


ArSTUALIAN'    OOnilli.T; McfTM.Or'ir    AM)    OfllM'.Y.  200 

Body  stroiip;Iy  compressed,  naked  ;  twenty-four  niyotomeK  are  distinct 
in  the  preserved  specimens  between  the  axil  and  the  liypural  joint. 
Genital  papilla  large.  The  whole  surface  of  the  head  and  body  is  covered 
witli  a  thick  gi-anular  mucous  which  obscures  the  characters  beneath  it. 

First  dorsal  commencing  above  tlie  base  of  the  pectoral.  The  spines 
are  weak,  and  increase  in  length  to  the  fifth  ;  the  sixth  is  separated  from 
the  fifth  by  a  wide  interspace,  and  is  broadly  united  with  the  first  ray  by 
membrane.  Soft  dorsal  rounded,  all  its  rays  except  the  first  branched, 
the  ninth  longer  tlian  the  jiostocular  portion  of  the  head.  Anal  commencing 
behind  and  terminating  before  the  soft  dorsal,  to  which  it  is  similar  in 
form.  Caudal  broadly  rounded.  Pectorals  rounded,  the  median  rays 
longest  and  reaching  to  below  the  third  dorsal  i-ay.  Veutrals  small,  cup- 
shaped,  with  a  broad  basal  membrane;  their  length  is  variable,  the 
median  rays  reaching  from  half  to  three-fourths  of  their  distance  from 
the  vent. 

CoJi>tirs. — Bleached  after  long  preservation  in  alcohol,  with  only  faint 
indications  of  the  five  broad  darker  cross-bars  on  the  head  and  pectoral 
base,  which  are  disposed  as  illustrated  in  the  accompanying  figure  ;  there 
are  also  traces  of  about  five  irregular  undulating  longitudinal  stripes  on 
the  body  in  some  specimens.     Opercular  lobe  with  or  without  a  dark  spot. 

Described  from  the  six  cotypes  of  the  species,  39-46  mm.  long,  in  the 
Macleay  Museum.  The  figure  represents  a  well  preserved  example  47 
mm.  long,  from  Green  Island  off  Cairns. 

Vnrintion. — The  brilliant  green  and  scarlet  coloui-ation  of  this  species 
in  life  is  wholly  lost  in  preserved  specimens,  and  only  occasionally  are 
traces  of  the  colour-marking  retained.  In  some  specimens  from  Murray 
Island,  the  broad  dark  bars  on  the  head  and  base  of  the  pectoral,  which 
are  usually  indistinct  or  wanting,  are  well  defined  :  the  scarlet  spots 
are  represented  by  areas  defined  by  microscopic  grey  dots,  and  may 
be  irregularly  distributed  as  in  the  figure  or  may  coalesce  to  form  more 
or  less  regulai'  longitudinal  lines.  The  dorsal  and  anal  fin-rays  vary 
from  11-12  and  10-11  respectively. 

SijnouTjmy. — The  original  description  of  EUerya  wiicolor,  Castelnau, 
is  inaccurate  and  superficial,  and  although  emended  later  by  its  author, 
is  too  general  to  allow  of  the  species  being  definitely  recognised  without 
reference  to  the  type.  The  specimens  recoided  by  Macleay  as  (J.  iinicolor 
from  the  Endeavour  River  do  not  differ  fiom  his  cotypes  of  (J.  verticalis, 
and  suggest  that  the  two  species  aie  identical  ;  if  this  be  so,  Castelnau's 
name  will  take  precedence.  Kent's  figure  of  Gohiufs  dour/hisi  leaves  no 
doubt  as  to  tlie  identity  of  that  species  with  0.  verticalis,  and  illustrates 
the  characteristic  brilliant  colouration  of  the  living  fish.  The  similarity 
of  the  cotypes  of  G.  verticalis  and  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes'  figure  of  G. 
histriifi  is  very  striking,  and  the  two  species  are  very  probably  identical  ; 
but  as  we  lack  Bleeker's  important  paper  on  the  synonymy  of  the  several 
closely  allied  species  of  Guhiodon,  we  prefer  to  use  Macleay's  name  until 
further  details  of  the  characters  of  G.  histrio  are  available. 

y  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes— Hist.  Nat.  Poiss..  xii.,  1837,  p.  132,  pi.  cccxlvii. 


210  RECORDS    OP    THE    AUSTnALTAN    MUSEUM. 

Habits. — This  brilliant  little  fish  is  not  uncommon  among  the  brandies 
of  living  madrepores  on  the  Queensland  Coast.  Macleay  found  specimens 
in  the  innermost  recesses  of  dead  coral  at  Darnley  Island,  where,  he 
considered,  they  had  probably  been  born,  though  this  conclusion  seems  to 
be  unwarranted.  They  are  always  covered  with  a  very  thick  mucous  in 
which  are  closely  packed  granules  resembling  ova,  though  their  micro- 
scopic structure  appeal's  to  differ  from  that  of  true  eggs. 

Locx. — Darnley  Island,  Torres  Strait  ;  cotypes  of  G.  verticalis. 
Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait  ;  coll.  Hedley  &  McCulloch.  Endeavour 
River,  Cooktown  ;  Macleay  Museum,  as  G.  uiiicolor  (Castl.),  Macleay. 
Green  Island,  off  Cairns.  North  West  Island,  off  Port  Cuitis  ;  coll. 
H.  Burrell. 

GoBiODON  QCiNQUESTRiCATUP,  Ciivler  .V  Vulericieitnes. 

(Fig.  4.) 

Gobim  quinquestrigatus,    Cuvier   &   Valenciennes,    Hist.   Nat.   Poiss.,  xii., 
1837,  p.  134.  ■ 

Gobiodon   quinquestrigatns,   Giinther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (3),  xx.,  1867, 
p.  61.     Id.,  Weber,  "  Siboga  "  Exped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  454  (synonymy). 

D.  vi/11;  A.  9  ;  P.  18;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  17.  Depth  before  the  ventrals 
2'8  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  3'5  in  the  same.  Eye  4  in 
the  head  and  subequal  to  the  snout  ;  interocular  width  1'3  in  the  eye. 
Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  12  in  its  length.  Breadth  before  the 
pectoral  base  2-1  in  the  height. 

, V        <f«^\ 


Fiji.  4.     Gobiodon  t|uinciiiestriK;itus. 

Head  longer  than  deep,  compressed  ;  upper  profile  very  convex,  chin 
prominent.  Nostrils  tubular,  the  jtosterior  placed  just  before  the  eye. 
A  series  of  six  large  tubular  pores  extends  around  the  preopercular  border 
to  behind  tlie  eye  ;  two  others  are  on  the  interorbital  space,  and  a  pair 
between  the  nostrils.  Microscopic  papillae  are  present  on  the  lower  pre- 
opercular maigin,  beneath  the  eye,  and  around  the  niontli  to  below  the 
lower  lif).  Interorbital  space  a  little  convex.  Mouth  slightly  oblique,  the 
maxilla  extending  to  below  the  anterior  half  i)f  the  eye  ;  mandible  not 
quite  so  long  as  the  upper  jaw.      Each  jaw  with  a  narrow  band  of  villiform 


Al'.NriwM.IAN    t;<li;illi,K McCl'LIAtCll    ANM    ndll.in.  -Jll 

teetli,  ajid  an  outer  low  of  stront^er  ones  ;  one  or  two  inner  canines  are 
present  on  the  mandibular  syni[)liysis.  Gill-openinff  slightly  narrower 
than  the  pectoral  base. 

Body  strongly  compressed,  naked.  About  twenty-three  vertical 
series  of  minute  pores,  arranged  along  the  median  line  between  the  axil 
and  the  hj'pural  joint,  represent  tlie  lateral  line.      Genital  papilla  large. 

Fins  largely  damaged.  Fiist  dorsal  commencing  a  trifle  behind  the 
base  of  the  pectoral  ;  the  spines  are  weak,  the  fifth  apparently  highest, 
and  the  sixth  separated  by  a  wide  interspace  from  the  fifth.  Membrane 
connects  the  last  spine  with  the  basal  portion  of  tlie  first  ray.  Dorsal 
rays  branched,  the  last  double.  Anal,  caudal  and  pectorals  with  branched 
rays.  Ventrals  small,  cup-shaped,  with  a  broad  basal  membrane,  and 
originating  behind  the  pectoral  base. 

Colour. — BroAvn  in  alcohol,  the  head  a  little  lighter  than  the  body. 
Two  light  narrow  lines  wuth  darker  borders  extend  across  the  cheek  from 
the  eye  to  the  lower  surface  of  the  head  ;  another  short  one  is  present 
behind  the  eye  ;  two  longer  curved  ones  cross  the  opercles  from  the  side 
of  the  neck,  and  another  extends  across  the  base  of  the  pectoral.  Fins 
somewhat  darker  than  the  body,  the  soft  dorsal  with  an  indefinite  light 
basal  stripe. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  2S|  mm.  long  without  the 
caudal  fin. 

Loc. — Cairns  Reef,  off  Cooktowu,  Queensland  ;  coll.  A.  R.  McCulloch. 

GomODON  QDINQDESTRIGATUS,  var.   CERAMENSIS,   BleeJiCr. 

(lohius  cernviensix,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  iii.,  1852,  p.  70-1. 

Gobiodoa  ceranieiisib;  Giiuther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  88,  and 
Fische  Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  182,  pi.  cix.,  fig.  d.  Id.,  Alleyne  &  Macleay, 
Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i.,  1877,  p.  33o.  Id.,  Klunziuger,  Sitzb. 
Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxxi.,  1879,  p.  384.  Id.,  Jordan  &  Scale,  Bull. 
U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906,  p.  409. 

Proportions  of  a  specimen  34  mm.  long,  from  Murray  Island.  Depth 
before  the  ventrals  2'7  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  3"4  in  the 
same.  Eye  4'1  in  the  head,  and  equal  to  the  snout  and  the  interorbital 
space.  Caudal  peduncle  as  deep  as  long.  Breadth  before  the  pectorals 
2"6  in  the  height.  Median  dorsal  spines  22,  median  dorsal  rays  1"6, 
seventh  anal  ray  1"5  in  the  head.     Pectoral  12,  caudal  13  in  the  head. 

Five  specimens  29-34  mm.  long,  taken  together  at  Murray  Island, 
are  brown  in  colour,  the  head  and  thoracic  region  being  lighter.  Cross- 
lines  on  the  head  as  in  the  typical  form  may  be  traceable,  but  are  usually 
wanting.      The  fins  are  similar  to  or  darker  than  the  body. 

This  variety  differs  from  the  typical  form  only  in  being  more 
uniformly  coloured,  the  head  markings  being  usually  absent. 

Locs. — Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait;  coll.  Hedley  and  McCulloch. 
Darnley  Island,  Torres  Strait;   Macleay  Museum  Collection. 

Klunziuger  has  recorded  this  variety  from  Port  Denison. 


212  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTKAI.IAX    .MISKIM. 

GOIUODON  CITKINDS,  Ri'ippeU. 

Gobiiix  citrhius,  Riippell,  Neuewirbeltli.  Fiscli.,  1838,  ]>.  139,  pi.  xxxii., 
fig.  4. 

Guhiodon  citriniis,  Klunzinger,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot.  Ges.  Wieii,  1871,  p.  40. 
Id.,  Giiuther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fisli.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  87,  and  Fisclie 
Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  181,  pi.  cix.,  fig.  e.  it?.,  Day,  Fish.  India,  1876, 
p.  298,  pi.  Ixiv.,  fig.  2.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linu.  Soc.  N.S.Wales, 
v.,  1881,  p.  613. 

Fseadogohiodo)!,  citrliius,  Jurdan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv., 
1906,  p.  410. 

D.  vi/11  ;  A.  10  ;  P.  19  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  17.  Depth  before  the  ventrals 
2'3  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  31  in  the  same.  Eye  3*8  in 
the  head,  shorter  than  its  distance  from  the  premaxillary  symphysis  ; 
interocular  space  a  trifle  wider  tlian  the  eye.  Caudal  peduncle  a  little 
deeper  than  long.      Breadth  before  the  pectorals  206  in  the  height. 

Head  deeper  than  long,  compi-essed  ;  the  profile  of  the  muzzle 
obtuselj'  rounded,  the  upper  and  lower  surfaces  evenly  oblique.  Nostrils 
in  low  tubes,  the  posterior  in  front  of  the  eye,  the  anterior  nearer  the 
upper  lip.  Several  large  pores  are  arranged  around  the  preopercular 
border  and  behind  the  eye  ;  two  others  are  on  the  interorbital  space,  and  a 
pair  between  the  nostrils.  Microscopic  papilla  are  present  on  the  lower 
preopercular  border  and  beneath  the  lower  lip.  Interocular  space  nearly 
flat.  Moutli  a  little  oblique,  jaws  subequal  ;  maxilla  extending  backward 
to  below  the  anterior  portion  of  the  eye.  Each  jaw  with  a  narrow  band 
of  villiform  teeth,  some  of  the  outer  ones  being  a  little  enlarged  ;  three 
inner  subcaniniform  teeth  on  each  side  of  the  mandibular  symphysis. 
Gill-opening  narrower  than  the  base  of  the  pectoral. 

Body  strongly  compressed,  naked  ;  together  with  the  head  and  fins,  it 
is  covered  with  a  thick  granular  mucous  which  obscures  tlie  characters 
beneath  it.      Genital  papilla  large. 

First  dorsal  commencing  above  the  end  of  the  opercle  ;  the  anterior 
si)ine  highest,  the  others  decreasing  evenly  backward  ;  the  last  is 
separated  by  a  wide  interspace  from  the  fifth,  and  is  united  witli  the 
base  of  the  fiist  ray  by  membrane.  Soft  dorsal  I'ounded,  and  longer  than 
high  ;  all  the  rays  except  tlie  first  are  branched,  and  the  median  ones  are 
much  longer  tlian  the  postorbital  portion  of  the  bead.  Anal  commencing 
behind,  and  terminating  before  the  soft  dorsal  ;  the  rays  increase  in  length 
to  the  eighth,  which  is  longer  than  the  base  of  the  fin.  Caudal  rounded. 
Pectoral  rounded,  reaching  to  below  the  sixth  dorsal  ray.  Ventrals  with 
a  broad  basal  membrane,  the  median  rays  reaching  the  vent. 

Colour. — Brown  in  alcoliol,  with  four  pale  dark-edged  lines  on  the 
head  and  thoracic  region  ;  two  extend  through  the  eye,  the  first  to  behind 
flie  month,  and  the  second  across  the  cheek  ;  the  third  descends  fiom  the 
upper  surface  of  the  neck  to  ci'oss  the  end  of  the  operculum,  and  the 
fointh  from  the  shoulder  across  the  base  of  the  pecrtoral.  The  opercular 
lobe  bears  a  distinct  black  spot.  Pale  daik-edged  lines  extend  along  the 
bases  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins.      Fins  dark  brown  ;    the   first  dorsal    has 


Al'STIIALlAN    (lOlllID.K .McCl'M.oCll    AND    nClMlY.  'J,\'.'> 

a  black  edf^e  followed  by  a  lighter  inner  border,  wliicli  marking  is  also 
present,  tliough  less  distinct,  on  tlie  second  doisiil  iind  upper  and  lower 
margins  of  tlie  caudal. 

Described  from  a  well  preserved  specimen,  48  mm.  long,  from  Murray 
Island. 

Variation. — Two  smaller  specimens,  82  mm.  long,  which  were  taken 
with  tlie  example  described,  are  lighter  in  colour,  the  general  tint  being 
yellowish,  though  their  markings  are  sinnlar  ;  the  first  dorsal  is  markedly 
aiigulai-  owing  to  the  greater  length  of  the  anterior  spines,  and  the 
pectorals  are  longer  atid  more  pointed  ;  the  eye  also  is  proportionately 
larger.  Another  specimen  40  mm.  long,  is  intermediate  between  the  two 
extremes. 

Locs. — We  have  examined  a  series  of  ninetj'-six  specimens  in  the 
Australian  Museum  irom  the  following  localities.  Murray  Island,  Torres 
Strait;  coll.  Hedley  &  McCulloch.  Samoa;  Joi-dan  &  Seale  Coll.  New 
Hebrides;  coll.  Cummins  &  Stevens.  Solomon  Islands.  Nicobar  Islands  ; 
Dr.  Francis  Day's  Coll.      Seychelles  ;  exch.  Paris  Museum. 

Macleay  recorded  this  species  from  the  Endeavour  River  estuary, 
North  Queensland. 

Gfenus  Parachaetdrichthys,  BJeel-er. 

Parachaeturichth !/■■<,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  325 
(Chaeturichtlnjs  polipieHui,  Bleeker).  Id.,  Jordan  &  Snyder,  Proc. 
U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxiv.,  1902,  p.  103. 

Body  moderately  compi-essed  ;  scales  large,  ctenoid  on  the  body, 
cycloid  on  the  nape  and  breast.  Head  not  depressed,  cheeks  and  opercles 
with  cycloid  scales  ;  cheeks  with  horizontal  series  of  mucigerous  pores. 
Eyes  superolateral  ;  interorbital  space  not  wide.  Mouth  moderate,  oblique  ; 
jaws  equal,  the  lower  with  small  barbies.  Each  jaw  with  a  band  of  villi- 
form  teeth,  and  an  outer  series  of  enlarged  teeth  anteriorly.  Tongue  with 
the  tip  free  and  rounded.  Gill-openings  not  continued  forward  belovs^ ; 
isthmus  wide.  Inner  edge  of  shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Dorsal  fins  short, 
the  spines  not  produced,  with  vi/i,10  rays  ;  anal  similar  to  the  soft  dorsal, 
with  i,9  rays.  Caudal  long  and  i)ointed.  Pectorals  pointed,  with  21-22 
rays,  none  free  or  silk-like.      Veutrals  united,  free  from  the  abdomen. 

Parachaeturichthys  polynema,  Bleel-er. 

Chaefurirkt/tijs  polynema,  Bleeker,  Verh.  Batav.  Gen.,  xxv.,  1853,  Japan 
p.  44,  tig.  4. 

Gobius  polijuevia,  Gunther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  46.  /(/., 
Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  286,  pi.  Ixi.,  tig.  8. 

Parachaeturichthys  polynema,  Bleeker,  Verh.  Akad.  Amst.,  xviii.,  1879, 
Japan  p.  19.  Id.,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxiv.,  1902, 
p.  103. 


214  KKCOuns  OF  thk  ausiualiax  museum. 

D.  vi/i,10  ;  A.  i,9  ;  P.  21.  28  scales  along  the  middle  of  the  body, 
and  8  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  of  the  body  5-33  in  its  length,  and  1-4  in  the  head.  Head 
3"83  in  the  length  of  the  body,  its  width  1'63  in  its  length.  E^'e  3"67  in 
the  head,  one-fifth  longer  than  the  snout,  which  is  45  in  the  head  ;  inter- 
orbital  space  tliree-fifths  of  the  eye-diameter.  Caudal  peduncle  about 
6ve-eighths  longer  than  deep,  its  depth  8'5  in  the  body-length.  Fourth 
dorsal  spine  1'77  in  the  head,  pectoral  a  trifle  shorter  than  the  head. 
Caudal  2'57  in  the  body-length. 

Head  a  little  wider  than  deep,  and  wider  than  the  body,  its  fronto- 
occipital  profile  feebly  rounded,  that  of  the  nape  linear.  Cheeks  and 
opercles  covered  with  large  cycloid  scales.  Cheeks  with  three  horizontal 
series  of  mucigerous  pores ;  parietal  groove  with  two  open  pores,  the 
anterior  very  large  and  elliptical,  the  posterior  rounded  ;  hinder  limb  of 
pi'eoperculnm  with  three  open  pores.  Eye  large,  longitudinally  elliptical  ; 
interorbital  region  moderate,  concave.  Snout  short  and  blunt,  with  a 
rounded  and  stronglj^  acclivous  profile.  Jaws  equal,  the  maxilla  extending 
to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye  ;  lower  surface  of  the  head  with  about 
three  pairs  of  short  barbies  inserted  below  the  posterioi'  half  of  the  mouth. 
Each  jaw  with  a  band  of  villiform  teeth,  the  exterior  row  on  the  sides  of 
each  premaxillary  being  a  little  enlarged  ;  an  outer  row  of  strong,  curved, 
subulate  teeth  anteriorl}'^  in  each  jaw,  the  posterior  larger,  and  subcanini- 
form  on  each  side  of  the  mandible.  Tongue  with  the  tip  free  and  rounded. 
Gill-openings  not  continued  fcn-ward  below,  separated  by  a  wide  isthmus  ; 
exposed  edge  of  shoulder-girdle  entire. 

Body  slender,  compressed,  the  dorsal  contoui'  slightly  more  arched 
than  the  ventral.  It  is  covered  with  large  ctenoid  scales,  which  become 
cycloid  on  the  nape  and  breast. 

First  dorsal  originating  well  behind  the  pectoral  base  ;  its  spines  are 
low,  and  its  outline  rounded  ;  fourth  spine  longest,  about  as  long  as  the 
base  of  the  fin  and  not  reaching  the  second  dorsal  when  depressed.  Outer 
border  of  second  dorsal  linear,  the  rays  gradually  increasing  in  length  to 
the  penultimate  ;  this  is  much  longer  than  the  last,  once  and  a  half  as  long 
as  the  fourth  spine,  and  three-fourths  as  long  as  the  base  of  the  tin.  Anal 
commencing  below  the  second  and  terminating  below  the  ninth  doi'sal 
ray  ;  the  penultimate  ray  is  longest,  but  shorter  than  that  of  the  dorsal, 
1'8  in  the  basal  length  of  the  fin,  which  is  37  in  the  body-length.  Pectoral 
pointed,  the  middle  rays  longest,  and  extending  to  below  the  origin  of  the 
second  dorsal.  Ventral  inserted  a  little  in  advance  of  the  pectoral  base, 
three-fourths  as  long  as  the  pectorals,  and  not  reaching  the  vent.  Caudal 
long  and  pointed. 

Colour-marl:! iiij. — Brown,  darkest  above.  The  fins  are  darkei',  and 
the  upper  caudal  rays  have  a  huge  elliptii-il  blackish  yellow-edged  ocellus 
near  the  base. 

Described  from  two  examples,  I08-l"i0  mm.  hmg,  in  the  Queensland 
Museum. 


AI'Sri.'ALlAN    (lOl'.llDi: McCri.LdCIl    AND    OCIMIY.  215 

Loca. — Somerset,  Noi-Mi  Qneeiislaiid  ;  coll.  Kendall  Broadbent.  An 
Indian  e'xajnple  froTii  Bonihav,  in  tlie  Australian  Museum,  was  identified 
by  Dr.  Day. 

Itl^tribiitioii. — Eastern  coast  of  India  to  China  and  Soufliei'n  .fapan. 
Nor  lb-eastern  Australia. 

(GOIUDS)   HINSBYF,  Jitli iixton . 

(Plate  xxxiii.,  fii»-.   1.) 

(lohins  /j/(7//.s-,  Castelnau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  ^^iet.,  i.,  1872,  p.  124  (Not  (i. 
picfna,  Malm,  1868).  T<L,  Macleay,  Pi-oc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v., 
1881,  p.  599.     LI,  Lucas,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Vict.  (2),  ii.,  1890,  p.  28. 

(Jithius  hinsbyi,  Johnston,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Tasm.,  1902  (1903),  abstract  p. 


X 


. — Noine7i  nudum. 


D.  vii/9  ;  A.  9  ;  P.  19  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  13.  50  rows  of  scales  between 
the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  about  15  between  the  anterior  dorsal 
and  anal  rays. 

Depth  before  the  ventrals  5'4  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint  ; 
head  3'5  in  the  same.  Eye  4  in  tlie  liead,  a  little  shorter  tlian  the  snout 
wbicli  is  3"3  in  the  head.  Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  3-3  in  the  head. 
Breadth  before  the  pectorals  1'08  in  tlie  depth. 

Head  subcj'lindrical,  about  as  deep  as  broad.  Operculum  covered 
with  small  scales,  and  a  few  are  present  on  tlie  cheeks,  but  they  are  more 
or  less  completely  hidden  in  mucous.  Rows  of  mucigerous  papillae  extend 
across  the  cheeks  and  opercles,  and  around  the  preopercular  border. 
Some  open  pores  are  present  on  the  interorbital  region,  around  the  eye, 
and  along  the  nuchal  groove.  Eyes  close  together,  the  interorbital  space 
being  a  narrow  ridge.  Snout  convex,  obtusely  conical.  Nostrils  rather 
close  together,  the  anterior  in  a  sliort  tube  midway  between  the  eye  and 
the  preoi'bital,  the  posterior  a  simple  opening.  Mouth  a  little  oblique, 
the  mandible  a  little  shorter  than  the  upper  jaw  ;  the  maxilla  reaches  to 
below  the  posterior  nostril.  Teeth  subequal  in  size,  in  three  or  four  rows 
in  the  anterior  part  of  each  jaw  which  are  reduced  to  one  or  two  as  they 
extend  backward.  Tongue  rounded  and  free  anteriorly.  Gill-openings 
continued  well  forward  below,  and  separated  b}^  a  narrow  isthmus  which 
is  much  narrower  than  the  eye.  Exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle 
smooth. 

Body  robust,  subcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly.  The 
scales  are  small  and  ctenoid,  and  extend  forward  to  the  nape,  behind  the 
eje  ;  they  also  cover  the  breast  and  the  base  of  the  pectoral,  where  they 
are  smaller  and  cycloid.  Caudal  peduncle  more  than  three  times  as  long 
as  deep.      Genital  papilla  large  and  pointed. 

Dorsal  fin  originating  above  the  anterior  half  of  the  pectoral  ;  it  is 
rounded,  and  the  third  spine  is  longest  but  does  not  reach  the  second 
dorsal  when  adpressed.  Dorsal  rays  increasing  in  length  backwards,  the 
second  about  equal  to  the  length  of  the  base  of  the  fin,  and  a  little  higlier 
than  the  longest  spine.     Anal  opposite  the  second  dorsal  and  of  similar 


216  RECOUPS  -OF    THE    ATSTHALIAX    MUSEUM. 

form.  Pectorals  rounded,  reacliiug  to  about  midway  between  the  two 
dorsal  fins.  Ventrals  larger  than  the  pectorals,  with  a  broad  basal 
membrane,  and  reaching  to  the  origin  of  the  anal.     Caudal  feebly  rounded. 

Colour-mnrlcing. — Light  olive  on  the  back,  whitish  on  the  sides  and 
under  surfaces  ;  the  upper  parts  are  closel}-  freckled  with  grey  dots  and 
lines,  which  unite  to  form  about  five  darker  cross-bai'S  on  the  back.  The 
middle  of  the  sides  bear  five  daiker  blotches  formed  of  black  dots,  the 
most  pronounced  of  which  is  at  the  base  of  the  tail.  The  sides  are 
vertically  barred  with  about  thirteen  grey  stripes,  which  are  most 
pronounced  anteriorly.  A  dark  stripe  extends  from  the  eye  to  the 
preorbital,  and  another  descends  across  the  operculum.  First  doi'sal  with 
many  small  grey  dots  between  the  rays;  on  the  second  they  tend  to  form 
lai'gei"  spots.  Caudal  and  pectoral  with  transverse  rows  of  grey  spots  on 
the  rays.      Anal  and  ventral  colourless. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  86  mm.  long,  from  Wedge 
Bay,  Tasmania. 

Variati(y)i. — A  series  of  twenty-five  specimens,  33-62  mm.  long,  taken 
with  the  larger  exam])le  described,  exhibits  considerable  variation  in  the 
colour-marking,  and  in  the  numbers  of  spines  and  raj's  in  the  vertical  fins. 
The  vertical  transverse  bars  may  be  either  wholly  wanting,  or  they  may 
be  even  more  distinct  and  more  regularly  arranged  than  illustrated,  and 
they  sometimes  meet  on  the  dorsal  and  ventral  surfaces  so  as  to  form  complete 
annuli  ai'ound  the  body.  The  lateral  blotches  vary  in  their  intensity, 
and  are  sometimes  much  larger  thaji  in  the  figured  specimen,  particulaily  in 
those  which  lack  the  vertical  bars.  ]n  six  examples  we  count  D.  viii/11- 
12  ;   A.  11-12  instead  of  vii/9  and  9  as  described  above. 

Ideiitltji  ami  sijnoiiyiny. — These  specimens  agree  with  Castelnau's 
description  in  most  details,  and  the  fact  that  they  have  eight  dorsal  spines 
leaves  little  doubt  that  they  are  correctly  identified  as  (j.  plctus.  The 
type  of  (}.  hinshiji  is  preserved  in  the  Tasmanian  jMuseum,  and  has  been 
examined  by  one  of  »is  ;  though  in  a  veiy  bad  state  of  jireservation,  it 
leaves  no  doubt  as  to  its  identity  witli  the  specimen  described  above. 

Jjoc. — AVedge  Bay,  Hobart,  Tasmania,  5-10  fathoms;  coll.  C.  Hedley, 
April,  1917.  Queenscliff,  Port  Phillip,  Victoria  ;  coll.  E.  R.  Waite, 
1905. 

Genus  Callogohius,  lileeker. 

Calloffohius,  Bleekei',  Arch.  Ni'erl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  318  (Eleotn's 
hasseUil,  Bleeker).  Id.,  Webei',  "  Siboga  "  Exped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  479. 
Id.,  McCulloch,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xl.,  1915,  p.  271. 

Mucogohius,  McCulloch,  Hec.  W.Austr.  Mns.,  i.,  1912,  p.  93  (Gohins 
viHCosus,  Giinthei). 

Body  subcylimlrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly  ;  scales  of 
moderate  size,  largest  posterioily  ;  they  are  mostly  cycloid,  but  more  or 
less  ctenoid  jjosteriorl}'  ;  they  extend  forward  almost  to  the  eyes  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  head,  and  cover  the  breast  and  base  of  the  pectoral. 
Head  with  a  few  scales  on  the  up[)ei'   part  of   the   0{)erculum,  and   others 


ArSTRAI.lAN    COItllP.lv — McCULLOClI    AXD    OCII.liY.  217 

scattered  on  the  clieek  ;  numerous  upraised  i-ows  of  [)ai)ill«3  are  arranj^ed 
rej^nlarly  on  all  surfaces  of  tlie  head,  and  alon^^  the  middle  of  tlie  sides. 
Snout  obtuse,  mandible  projectinjj;.  Mouth  oblique  ;  no  barbies.  Several 
rows  of  small,  subequal  teetli  in  each  jaw  anteriorly  ;  palate  toothless. 
Tongue  rounded  and  free  anteriorly,  slightly  emarginate  on  the  median 
line.  Gill-openings  lateral,  separated  b}'  a  broad  isthmus;  exposed 
edge  of  shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Pseudobranchite  present  ;  gill-rakers 
of  fii'st  arch  short,  thick,  and  few  in  number.  First  dorsal  rounded, 
with  six  spines;  second  dorsal  with  ten  to  eleven  rays.  Anal  similar  to 
the  second  dorsal.  Pectoral  large,  lounded.  Ventials  i/5,  either  com- 
pletely united  or  with  only  a  narrow  membrane  connecting  the  bases  of 
the  inner  rays  ;  anterior  interspinous  membrane  present  or  absent. 
Caudal  elongate,  obtusely  pointed. 

Calloggbids  HASSELTii,  lUeeJcer. 

Eleotris  hasseUii,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijdsclir.  Ned.  Indie,  i.,  1851,  p.  253,  and 
xi.,  1856,  p.  412.  Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1S61, 
p.  116. 

Eleotriodes  hasselfii,  Bleeker,  Act.  Soc.  Sc.  Indo-Neerl.,  vi.,  1859,  p.  112, 
and  Ned.  Tijd.  Dierk.,  ii.,  1865,  p.  150. 

Valeucienneslii  Jui-'i^eUII,  Bleeker,  Versl.  Akad.  Amsterdam  (2),  ii.,  1868, 
p.  300. 

CaUogohius  hasseUii,  Weber,  "  Siboga  "  Exped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  480,  fig.  98, 
and  Nova  Guinea,  ix.,  4,  1913,  p.   601. 

Identity Bleeker's  description  of  tlie  species  appears   to   have   been 

incomplete,  so  we  rely  upon  Weber's  notes  and  figure  for  the  identification 
of  our  specimens  as  6'.  liaxseltii.  They  agree  with  his  illustration  iu  all 
details,  and  exhibit  the  same  variation  in  their  colour-marking  as  noted 
by  him. 

We  are  unable  to  detect  any  differences  between  specimens  from 
tropical  waters  (C.  hasseUii)  and  many  others  from  southern  Australian 
coasts  (C.  mucosut!)  by  which  they  may  be  definitely  distinguished  as  two 
species.  Northern  examples  are  usually  more  conspicuously  marked  than 
those  from  the  south,  and  generally  have  more  of  the  posterior  scales 
ctenoid.  But  both  characters  are  variable,  and  overlap  in  examples  from 
intermediate  localities,  so  we  recognise  the  southern  specimens  as  a  variety 
of  C.  hasseUii  only. 

Locs. — Masthead  Island  off  Port  Curtis,  and  Cairns  Reef  off  Cooktown, 
Queensland  ;  coll.  McCulloch.  Two  Isles  off  Cape  Bedford,  Queensland  ; 
coll.  Hedley  and  Briggs.     New  Hebrides  ;  coll.  Cummins  and  Stevens. 

CaLLOGOI^IUS    HASSELTII,  var.  MDCOSDS,  Giinther. 

(Plate  xxxii.,  fig.  4.) 

Gohius  mucosns,  Giinther,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1871,  p.  663,  pi.  Ixiii.,  fig.  A. 
Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  609.  Id., 
Waite,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  vi.,  1906,  p.  200. 


218  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Gohius  depressus,  Ramsay  and  Ogilb}^  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales  (2),  i., 
1886,  p.  4.  Id.,  Ogilby,  Cat.  Fisli.  N.S.Wales,  1886,  p.  35.  Id., 
Waite,  Mem.  N.S.Wales  Nat.  Club,  ii.,  1904,  p.  46. 

Mucogohius  mncosus,  McCulloch,  Rec.  W.Austr.  Miis.,  i.,  1912,  p.  93. 

D.  vi/11  ;  A.  9  ;  P.  16  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  16.  About  37  scales  between 
tbe  axil  and  tlie  hypural  joint,  and  17  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and 
anal  ra3'S. 

Depth  5"7  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  3'9  in  the  same. 
Eye  slightly  shorter  than  the  snout,  which  is  3*5  in  the  head.  Interorbital 
space  about  4  in  the  eye.  Breadth  between  the  pectoral  bases  equal  to 
the  depth.      Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  2,  pectoral  1  in  the  head. 

Head  largely  naked,  with  a  few  scales  on  the  upper  portion  of  the 
operculum,  and  one  or  two  very  indistinct  ones  between  the  mucigerous 
ridges  on  the  cheeks.  All  surfaces  of  the  head  bear  raised  lines  of  papillae 
which  are  regularly  arranged  and  disposed  as  shown  in  the  accompanying 
illustration  ;  in  addition,  series  of  small  pores  extend  around  the  eye  and 
preopercular  margin.  Eyes  close  together,  superolateral,  separated  by  a 
narrow  bony  interorbital  area.  Snout  obtuse  and  rounded.  Nostrils 
tubular.  Mouth  very  oblique,  the  maxilla  not  reaching  the  vertical  of 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  Qje.  Mandible  projecting  beyond  the  upper 
jaw  ;  its  lower  surface  with  numerous  mucigerous  ridges.  A  band  of 
small  pointed  teeth  in  each  jaw,  which  is  three  or  four  rows  wide  anterioi-ly, 
and  becomes  gradually  narrower  laterally  ;  the  outer  teeth  are  slightly 
larger  than  the  others.  Palate  toothless.  Tongue  rounded,  slightly 
notched  in  the  middle  line,  and  largely  free.  The  space  between  the  gill- 
openings  is  twice  as  wide  as  the  eye  ;  exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder  girdle 
smooth  and  sharp. 

Body  subcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly.  It  is  covered 
with  niodei-ately  laige  cycloid  scales,  which  increase  in  size  backwards,  a 
row  along  the  median  line  of  the  caudal  half  being  slightly  larger  than 
the  others  ;  the  scales  extend  forward  on  the  nape  to  just  behind  the  eyes, 
and  cover  the  breast  and  base  of  the  pectoral  fin.  Vertical  series  of  muci- 
gerous papillse  extend  backward  from  behind  the  pectoral  to  the  caudal 
base,  between  which  some  horizontal  rows  are  interspersed.  Genital 
papilla  well  developed. 

First  dorsal  low  and  rounded,  the  fifth  spine  subequal  to  the  post- 
orbital  portion  of  the  head.  Dorsal  rays  increasing  in  height  to  the 
penultimate,  which  reaches  backward  to  the  upper  caudal  rays.  Anal  of 
similar  form  to  the  second  dorsal,  but  shorter  and  slightly  lower.  Pectoral 
large  and  rounded,  not  quite  reaching  tlie  vertical  of  the  vent.  Ventrals 
inseited  before  the  pectoral,  completely  united,  and  reaching  about  two- 
thirds  of  their  distance  from  the  vent.     Caudal  elongate,  obtusely  pointed. 

Colour. — Brown,  each  scale  with  a  dai-ker  bordei',  and  a  lighter 
median  band  along  the  middle  of  the  sides  posteriorly.  Some  indefinite 
broad,  darker  cross-bands  are  present  on  the  back  and  sides  ;  one  descends 
fi'om  the  base  of  the  spinous  dorsal,  a  second  narrower  one  from  the 
anterior  dorsal  rays,  and  a  third  broad  one  from  the  hinder  portion  of  the 
soft  dorsal  ;   two  otheis  are  present  in  front  of  the  doisal  fin.     The  vertical 


AUSTRALIAN    (JOIil  I  h.t; McCI'M.OCII    AND    (MlILIiV.  219 

fins  ai-e  dark,  with  some  still  darker  spots  on  the  rays;  tlie  anal  has  a 
light  border.  Pectorals  and  ventrals  light  coloured,  the  former  with  grey 
spots. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  85  mm.  long  from  Port 
Jackson. 

Variation. — A  large  number  of  specimens  from  Port  Jackson,  South 
and  South-west  Australia,  prove  this  form  to  be  variable  in  colour  ;  the 
southern  specimens  are  very  dark  with  their  markings  obscurely  defined, 
while  those  fx'om  Port  Jackson  and  South- west  Australia  are  often  lighter 
and  more  or  less  conspicuously  banded.  The  scales  near  the  caudal  fin 
are  generally  cycloid,  but  are  sometimes  markedly  ctenoid  ;  those  on  the 
operculum  and  cheek  are  often  very  rudimentary  and  sometimes  wholly 
wanting.  A  most  critical  comparision  of  these  specimens  fails  to  discover 
any  cliaracter  by  which  they  may  be  definitely  distinguished  from  tlie 
typical  C.  hitf^seltii  of  tropical  waters. 

Loc)!. — We  have  examined  over  one  hundred  specimens  from  the 
following  localities: — Port  Jackson  and  the  neighbouring  coast ;  including 
the  holotype  of  Gobius  dejjressuf:,  Ogilby.  Port  Phillip,  Victoria ;  coll. 
C.  J.  Gabriel.  South  Australia,  various  localities.  South-western 
Australia;  coll.  A.  Abjornssen. 

Callogobids    sclateri,  Steindachner. 
(Plate  xxxii.,  fig.   3.) 

Eleotris  sclateri,   Steiudachuer,    Sitzb.    Akad.    Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.   i.,  1880, 

p.  157. 
Gohiomorphus  sclateri,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906, 

p.  384,  fig.  73. 

D.  vi/10;  A.  9;  P.  17;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  About  31  row^s  of  scales 
between  tlie  axil  and  tlie  hypural  joint,  and  about  13  between  the  auterioj- 
dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  bef oi-e  the  ventrals  4-6  in  the  Jength  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head 
3"4  in  the  same.  Eye  as  long  as  the  snout,  4'4  in  the  head ;  interorbital 
space  2*5  in  the  eye.  Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  equal  to  half  the 
length  of  the  head.     Breadth  before  the  pectorals  1*1  in  the  depth. 

Head  depi^essed,  broader  than  deep.  The  cheeks  and  opercles  are 
completely  covered  with  large  scales,  which  are  usually  hidden  in  thick 
mucous.  The  whole  head  bears  upstanding  ridges  of  mucigerous  papilla', 
which  are  regularly  arranged  as  illustrated  in  the  accompanying  figure. 
Eyes  superolateral,  separated  by  a  narrow  concave  interorbital  space. 
Nostrils  close  together,  tubular,  the  anterior  overhanging  the  upper  lip. 
Snout  depressed,  the  lower  jaw  much  longer  than  the  upper ;  mouth 
oblique,  the  maxilla  not  quite  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  orbital  margin. 
An  outer  series  of  enlarged  conical  teeth  in  the  premaxillaries,  followed 
by  a  narrow  baud  of  villi  form  ones  ;  in  the  mandible  the  larger  teeth  are 
present  anteriorly  only,  and  the  villiform  ones  are  somewhat  larger  on  the 
sides  of  the  jaw.  Tongue  free  and  rounded  anteriorly.  Gill-openings 
lateral,  about  as  bx-oad  as  the  isthmus  separating  them.  Exposed  edge  of 
the  shoulder  girdle  smooth. 


220  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Body  robust,  compressed  posteriorly.  It  is  covered  with  large  stix:)iigly 
ctenoid  scales,  which  completely  cover  the  nape,  bases  of  the  pectorals, 
bi'east  and  abdomen  ;  they  are  largest  posteriorly,  and  the  hinder  ones  of 
the  median  row  on  the  caudal  peduncle  are  larger  than  the  others.  Caudal 
peduncle  very  broad  and  compressed.      Genital  papilla  small. 

First  dorsal  fin  originating  over  the  anterior  half  of  the  pectoral ;  the 
second  to  fourth  rays  are  subequal  in  length,  and  the  latter  reaches  the 
origin  of  the  second  dorsal  when  adpressed.  Dorsal  rays  increasing 
slightly  in  length  to  the  penultimate,  which  is  about  as  long  as  the  spines. 
Anal  opposite  to,  and  of  similar  form  to  the  second  dorsal,  but  with  a 
shorter  basal  length.  Pectorals  obtusely  pointed,  the  median  rays  reaching 
to  the  vertical  of  the  anterior  dorsal  ray.  Caudal  broadly  rounded. 
Ventral  fins  united  at  their  base  by  a  narrow  membrane  ;  the  rays  increase 
in  length  to  the  fourth,  but  the  fifth  is  much  shorter. 

Culonr-viarkiuy. — Light  brown  in  alcohol,  with  broad  darker  brown 
cross- bands ;  one  of  these  is  placed  below  each  dorsal  tin  and  one  across 
the  caudal  peduncle,  and  they  have  numerous  irregular  dark  markings 
between  them.  The  cross-bands  extend  onto  the  dorsal  fins  where  they 
break  up  into  irregular  dark  marblings.  Pectorals,  caudal,  and  anal  with 
irregular  dark  cross-bars,  the  base  of  the  former  with  two  darker  stripes. 

Described  and  figui'ed  from  a  specimen  47  mm.  long,  from  Two  Isles, 
North  Queensland. , 

Variation. — A  series  of  over  one  hundred  specimens  23-56  mm.  long, 
exhibits  some  variation  in  the  details  of  the  colour-mai'king,  which  is 
much  more  pi^onounced  and  more  variegated  in  some  specimens  than  in 
others.  The  mucigerous  system  of  the  head  is  as  well  developed  in  the 
youngest  as  in  the  largest  specimens,  and  the  ridges  are  similarly  arranged. 

This  species  has  been  associated  with  Gdhiomorphiis,  Gill,  by  Jordan 
and  Seale,  but  it  differs  from  that  genus  in  the  great  development  of  the 
cephalic  mucigerous  system.  This  character  distinguishes  it  from  all 
other  genera  known  to  us  except  Gallogohius,  from  the  typical  species  of 
which  it  only  differs  in  the  structure  of  its  ventral  fins.  In  C.  hasseltii, 
these  are  truly  gobioid  in  form,  having  a  distinct  though  narrow  basal 
membrane  uniting  the  spines;  the  fifth  rays  are  slightly  shorter  than  the 
fourth,  but  are  united  by  membrane  to  their  tips :  in  C.  scUiteri  the 
ventrals  have  no  anterior  basal  membrane  connecting  the  spines  ;  the  inner 
rays  are  much  shorter  than  the  others,  and  are  connected  by  membrane 
only  at  their  extreme  bases.  There  being  no  other  major  differences 
between  them,  it  seems  probable  they  are  congeneric. 

Lor. — We  have  examined  specimens  from  Two  Isles,  near  Cape 
Bedford,  North  (^ueenshiiid  ;  coll.  Hedley  and  Briggs,  August  l!»16.  New 
Hebrides,  Solomon  Islands,  and  Fiji ;  coll.  Cummins  and  Stevens. 

Genus  ExvuiAS,  Jordan  i)-  Scale. 

Exijriaty,  Jordan  &  Seale,   Bull.   U.S.   Fish.   Bnrean,  xxv.,    PJOt!,   p.   405 
(Gobiiis  piuitan.tjoiiles,  Bleeker). 

Body  elliptical  and  compressed,  the  caudal  peduncle  shox't  and  deep  ; 
head   deeper   than   wide,   with   a   short  acclivous   snout,    the   cheeks   not 


.\rsTi;.\i,i.\x  coniin.K — Mccuu.dcii  and  ()<;ii,I!V.  221 

swollen.  Body  covered  witli  hirfro  ctenoid  scales  ;  cheeks,  opei'cles,  and 
occiput  scaly  ;  cheeks  witli  mucigerous  canals  between  tlie  series  of  scales. 
Month  oblique,  the  jaws  equal.  Teeth  in  narrow  bands  in  each  jaw  ;  the 
outer  row  is  enlarged  and  conical  in  the  premaxillaries,  the  others  villi- 
forni  ;  anterior  mandibular  teeth  enlarged,  with  a  short  canine  on  each 
side.  Tongue  free  and  broad,  with  a  feebly  emarginate  tip.  Eyes  supero- 
lateral and  anteromedian,  the  interspace  nari-ow.  Isthmus  wide ;  the 
exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder  girdle  smooth.  Dorsal  with  about  vi,  i/10 
spines  and  rays,  the  spines  flexible  and  more  or  less  produced.  Anal  with 
i/9  rays,  similar  to  the  second  dorsal.  Pectoral  large  and  obtusely 
pointed,  without  free  silk-like  rays.  Ventrals  with  i/5  rays.  Caudal 
cuneiform  or  rounded. 

Exi/rias  is  very  probably  identical  with  G)iath(ilepi's,  Bleeker,  but  we 
retain  it  on  account  of  the  great  development  of  the  mucigerous  canals  of 
the  cheeks,  which  separate  the  cheek-scales  into  three  distinct  groups. 
In  GnathoJepis  these  canals  are  scarcely  if  at  all  developed,  and  the  squam- 
ation  of  the  cheeks  is  much  less  definite.  In  all  other  characters  the  two 
genera  are  apparently  identical. 

ExYKiAS   PUNTANG,  Bleelicr. 

Gohlus  puutavg,   Bleeker,   Nat.   Tijdsch.  Ned.  Ind.,  ii.,  1S51,  p.  iSG.     Id., 

Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  288,  pi.  Ixii.,  fig.  1. 
Gohius   pioitaiujoidex,   Bleeker,    Loc.   cit.,   v.,   1853,  p.  242.      Id.,   Giinther, 

Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  19,  and  Fisch.   Siidsee,    v.,    1877, 

p.  171,  pi.  cviii.,  fig.  a. 
Gubius  audanuiHeitsis,  Day,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1870,  p.  691. 
Gohins   viaculipiinnis,   Macleay,   Proc.    Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  viii.  2,  1883, 

p.  267. 
Gobius  concolur,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  689. 
Aivaoas  puntaiKjoide^,  Scale,  Occ.  Pap.  Bishop  Mus.,  iv.,  1906,  p.  84. 
Exyrias  pniidaiiijoides,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906, 

p.  405. 
Gnatholeins   maculipinnis,  Jordan   &   Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,   xxv., 

1906,  p.  395. 
Exyrlas  puntaiiij,   Jordan  &   Richardson,  Check-list  Fish.  Philipp.  Arch., 

1910,  p.  49. 

Gobius   (GnatholejttK)   i)iinta)i(jiiidc!<,  Weber,  Abh.  Seuck.  Nat.  Ges.,  xxxiv., 

1911,  p.  43. 

D.  vi,  i/10  ;  A.  i/9  ;  P.  17  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  17.  Twenty-eight  series  of 
scales  along  the  middle  of  the  body,  and  nine  between  the  oi'igins  of  the 
soft  dorsal  and  the  anal. 

Depth  of  the  body  37  in  its  length,  and  a  little  less  than  the  length 
of  the  head  ;  head  3'6  in  the  body-length,  two-sevenths  deeper  than  wide, 
its  width  1'6  in  its  length.  Eye  4  in  the  head-length,  shorter  than  the 
snout,  which  is  2*6  in  the  head  ;  interorbital  space  about  half  as  wide  as 
the  eye.  Caudal  peduncle  one-fourth  longer  than  deep,  its  least  depth 
6"4  in  the  body  length.     Width  of  the  body  1-5  in  its  depth. 


222  RECORDS    OF    THE    ACSTKALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Snout  rouuded,  the  profile  acclivous.  Interorbital  region  grooved. 
Jaws  equal,  the  maxillaiy  extending  to  below  the  anterior  third  of  the  eye. 
Cheek-scales  well  developed,  about  half  as  large  as  those  of  the  body  ; 
they  are  arranged  in  thi-ee  series  consisting  respectively  of  1,  2,  2  rows, 
which  are  separated  from  one  another  by  two  horizontal  mucigerous 
grooves'.  Scales  of  the  operculum  and  occiput  but  little  smaller  than  those 
of  the  body.  A  large  median  open  pore  between  the  anterior  borders  of 
the  eyes.  Jaws  with  nai-row  bauds  of  villiform  teeth,  the  outer  premax- 
illary  series  enlarged  and  conical :  mandible  with  a  moderately  strong 
cui'ved  canine  at  each  outer  angle,  between  which  the  outer  series  is 
enlarged  ;  beyond  the  canines  the  villiform  band  extends  to  the  corner  of 
the  mouth  without  enlarged  teeth. 

Body  moderately  robust,  the  dorsal  contour  evenly  rounded  from  the 
frontal  region  to  the  caudal  peduncle,  and  much  more  arched  than  the 
ventral.  Caudal  peduncle  short  and  stout.  Scales  ctenoid  ;  predorsal 
scales  in  eleven  series,  extending  forward  to  between  the  posterior  borders 
of  the  pupils. 

Fii"st  dorsal  fin  originating  above  the  pectoral  base,  the  spines  slender 
and  flexible ;  the  second  is  the  longest,  reaching  well  beyond  the  first  ray 
when  adpressed,  and  one-fifth  longer  than  the  head.  Margin  of  the  second 
dorsal  straight,  the  rays  gradually  increasing  in  length  to  the  last,  which, 
with  the  penultimate,  is  somewhat  produced  and  forms  an  acute  angle 
which  overlaps  the  caudal-base  ;  its  length  is  one-fourth  less  than  that  of 
the  second  spine.  Anal  commencing  slightly  behind  the  vertical  of  the 
first  dorsal  ray  ;  the  penultimate  ray  is  longest,  and  a  little  longer  than 
the  basal  length  of  the  fin.  Pectoral  obtusely  pointed,  the  eighth  ray 
longest  and  extending  to  below  the  third  dorsal  ray,  and  a  little  longer 
than  the  head.  Ventrals  inserted  below  the  pectoral- base,  and  equal  in 
length  to  five-sixths  of  its  longest  ray  ;  it  reaches  to  the  vent. 

Coloior. — Bleached  after  long  exposure  to  the  light.  According  to 
De  Vis,  this  specimen  was  brown  in  colour,  with  the  abdomen  paler,  and 
there  were  traces  of  narrow  vertical  bands.  The  first  dorsal  had  two 
longitudinal  I'ows  of  brown  spots,  and  the  pectorals  and  ventrals  were 
dai'k  brown. 

The  above  description  is  based  principally  upon  tlie  holotype  of 
Goli'nis  cu}u:o[()t\  De  Vis,  which  is  87  mm.  long  from  the  snout  to  the  base 
of  the  caudal  rays.  It  is  preserved  in  the  Queensland  Museum,  but  is 
badly  mutilated,  the  soft  dorsal,  caudal,  and  anal  fins  having  been  broken 
olf  short.  De  Vis  described  the  upper  pectoral  rays  as  detached  and  silky, 
but  this  is  iucon-ect. 

Sijiinuymi/. — An  example  123  mm.  long,  labelled  as  (tohiiis  pnidaiKj, 
from  the  Andaman  Islands,  which  was  one  of  Dr.  Day's  collection,  is  pre- 
served in  the  Australian  Museum.  Anotlier,  (lie  holotype  of  G.  viaculi- 
piii.v.is,  Macleay,  is  also  in  the  Australian  Museum  collection,  and  does  not 
differ  from  the  Indian  specimen  ;  Macleay  counted  seven  spines  in  the 
first  dorsal  fin,  but  there  are  only  six. 

We  regard  Oohius  piiidinuj,  Bleeker  and  (t.  piditdtujoide!',  Bleeker,  as 
synonymous.  There  are  some  discrepancies  in  the  various  accounts  of  the 
two  species,  but  they  do  not  appear  to  call   for  much  attention.     In  his 


AUSTRALIAN    (iOnilD.I^ — McCULl.OCll    ANI>    0(ilLl!V.  223 

earlier  description,  (Tiintlior  states  that  U.  piiiittDnjoidcif  is  witliout  canines 
and  lias  the  eyes  close  togethei-,  while  later  lie  recognised  small  canines  and 
described  the  eyes  as  about  one  diameter  apart.  Day  described  and  ligurcd 
the  maxillary  as  reaching  to  below  the  middle  of  tlie  eye,  whereas  in  our 
specimens,  as  in  those  of  Bleeker  and  Giinther,  it  does  not  extend  so  far. 

Lorn. — Cape  York,  Queensland  ;  type  of  CJobins  concolor,  De  Vis. 
Normanby  Island,  D'Entrecasteaux  Group  ;  type  of  (t.  macitlipi'^ini'n, 
Macleay.     Andaman  Islands  ;   Ur.  Day's  collection. 

Dixtrihutioii. — From  the  Andaman  Islands,  through  Malaysia,  to 
Noi'th-eastern  Australia,  the  Solomon  Islands  and  the  Caroline  Islands. 

Genus  Mi'cii.odoi'.ins,  Su/itt. 

Miigilngohin.^,  Smitt,  Oi'v.  Ak.  Forh.,  1891),  p.  552  ((Ueniujuhi n^  uln'i,  Jordan 
&  Snyder). 

Key  to  the  Australian  species. 

a.  41-47  scales  between  the  axil  and  the  hypural devisi. 

aa.   31  scales  between  the  axil  and  the  hypural galwayi. 

MoGILOGOniUS   DEVISI,   inmi.   }IOV. 

(Plate  xxxvi.,  tig.   2.) 

Gobius  sti(jiuatlcHS,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1S84,  p.   6S6 
(Not  Sinaragdihx  stigmatii-us,  Poey,  •=  Uahliis^^  ). 

D.  vi/10  ;  A.  9;  P.  16  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  16.  40-47  rows  of  scales  between 
the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  13-17  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and 
anal  rays^i. 

Depth  of  the  body  before  the  dorsal  fin  4-1  in  the  length  to  the 
hypural  joint  ;  head  3-3  in  the  same.  Eye  4  in  the  head,  which  is  sub- 
equal  to  the  length  of  the  snout,  and  1-09  in  the  interocular  space.  Depth 
of  the  caudal  peduncle  2  in  the  head,  and  breadth  before  the  pectoral 
bases  1'2  in  the  depth. 

Head  broader  than  deep,  somewhat  depressed.  Operculum  covered 
with  small  scales,  cheeks  naked.  Eyes  rather  small,  superolateral,  and 
separated  by  a  broad  slightly  concave  interspace.  Snout  obtuse,  the  jaw^s 
subequal.  The  anterior  nostril  in  a  low  tube  near  the  upper  lip,  the 
posterior  close  to  the  orbital  margin.  Mouth  slightly  oblique,  maxillary 
reaching  backward  to  beyond  the  middle  of  the  eye.  Premaxillary  teeth 
in  a  narrow  band,  the  outer  row  somewhat  enlarged  and  conical ;  mandib- 
ular teeth  in  a  broader  baud,  the  posterior  row  somewhat  enlarged. 
Tongue  largely  free,  subtruncate  anteriorly.  Gill-opening  lateral,  some- 
what broader  than  the  isthmus  ;  the  exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle 
smooth. 

i*)  There  is  some  doixbt  as  to  whether  a  new  specific  name  is  necessary  for  this 
species  or  not.  In  substituting  the  name  devisi  for  sliij)naticus  we  have  been  guided 
by  an  opinion  pubhshed  by  the  Malacological  Society,  which  deals  with  a  precisely 
similar  case. — Pi-oc.  Malacol.   Soc,  vi.,  3,  1904,  p.  130. 

11  The  scales  are  smaller  and  more  irregular  in  one  specimen  than  in  the  other. 


224  RECORDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALTAN    MUSEDM. 

Body  robust,  compressed  posteriorly.  It  is  covered  with  ctenoid 
scales  of  medium  size,  which  become  cycloid  on  the  abdomen  and  neck, 
and  are  larger  posteriorly  than  anteriorly  ;  they  extend  forward  to  a  short 
distance  behind  the  eye  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head,  and  cover  the 
breast  and  bases  of  the  pectorals.      Genital  papilla  well  developed. 

First  dorsal  originating  above  the  middle  of  the  pectoral ;  the  spines 
inci'ease  slightly  in  length  to  the  fourth,  which  is  shorter  than  the  post- 
orbital  portion  of  the  head,  and  the  membrane  from  the  last  is  widely 
separated  from  the  second  dorsal.  The  rays  appear  to  be  subequal,  and  a 
little  higher  than  the  longest  spine.  Anal  opposite  to  the  dorsal,  and  of 
similar  form,  its  rays  iiicreasing  in  length  backwards.  Pectorals  rounded, 
the  median  rays  reaching  to  below  the  last  dorsal  spine ;  no  free  upper 
rays.  Ventrals  inserted  a  little  befcrre  the  pectoi'als,  and  somewhat 
shorter  than  those  fins.     Caudal  broadly  rounded. 

Gnlour-marking. — Yellowish  brown  in  alcohol,  the  scales  of  the  upper 
portions  with  darker  borders  ;  a  series  of  dark  brown  blotches  along  the 
middle  of  the  sides  on  the  posterior  half,  and  an  alternating  series  between 
these  and  the  back.  Head  with  four  curved  dark  stripes  radiating  from 
the  eye  ;  one  descends  towards  the  angle  of  the  mouth,  two  others  cross 
the  cheek,  and  are  united  by  a  curved  bar  with  another  which  crosses 
the  nape.  First  dorsal  dusky,  with  a  broad  white  border,  and  th*-  ^.-^sterior 
portion  black.  Second  dorsal  with  dark  specks  on  the  membrane  between 
the  rays,  which  form  a  row  of  darker  spots  along  the  middle  of  the  fin  ; 
a  broad  white  border.  Anal  lighter,  the  margin  clear.  Caudal,  pectoral, 
and  ventral  fins  with  microscopic  dark  dots  between  the  rays. 

Described  from  a  specimen  45  mm.  long,  which  is  one  of  two  cotypes 
preserved  in  the  Australian  Museum,  and  which  were  procured  from  Mr. 
De  Vis.  They  differ  from  the  original  description  in  the  numbers  of  fin- 
rays  and  scales,  but  agree  so  well  with  the  colour  description  and  other 
characters,  that  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  their  authenticity. 

This  species  is  closely'  allied  to  the  genotype,  M.  uhei,  Jordan  and 
Snyder^-. 

Log. — Moi'eton  Bay,  Queensland. 

MUGILOGOBIUS    CiALWAYT,    McC llllorl/   ^-   W((ite. 

Mitgiloffohins   (jalwaiji,  McCulloch  &  Waito,  Rec.  S.Austi*.  Mus.,  i.  1,  1918, 
p.  50,  pi.  iii.,  fig.  1. 

Hdh. — Soutli  Australia. 

(GoiUrs)    FF-AVESCENS,  IJe  Vl's. 

(Plate  xxxvi.,  lig.  3.) 
Gohins  flavescem,  De  Vis,  Pi'oc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  689. 

D.  vi/8  ;  A.  8  ;  P.  16  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  27  scales  between  the  axil 
and  the  hypural  joint,  and  8  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  of  the  body  before  the  ventrals  h'.\  in  the  k>ngth  to  tlie  liypui-al 
joint ;   head  :i'7  in  the  same.     Eye  much  longer  tlian  the  snout,  and  :3l  in 

'2  Jordan  k  Snyder— Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxiv.,  1901,  p.  55,  fi<?.  5. 


AUSTRALIAN    (!ni!III»/K McCtU.LOClI    AXIt    OCilLllV.  225 

the  head.  Interocular  width  1-2  in  tlie  eye.  Intei-oibital  widtli  22  in 
the  eye,  and  15  in  tlie  snout,  wliicli  is  4"6  in  the  liead.  Depth  of  the 
caudal  peduncle  1'7  in  the  head.  Bi-ea«ltli  l)eroie  the  [x'ctoiiil  liii  11  in 
the  depth. 

Head  as  broad  as  deep,  with  a  very  obtuse  snout.  The  cheeks  ai'e 
naked,  but  tlie  opercles  are  covered  with  about  ei^ht  large  concenti'ically 
striated  scales.  Some  microscopic  papilla?  near  the  mouth  and  below  the 
lower  bordei"  of  the  pi-eoperculum.  Kye  large,  in  the  anterior  half  of  the 
head,  and  superolateral  ;  the  interorbital  space  is  narrow,  but  the  distance 
between  the  ocular  margins  is  wider.  Snout  tumid,  its  pi-oHle  oblique  ; 
jaws  subequal.  Nostrils  sej)arate,  in  minute  tubes,  the  anterioi*  neai-  the 
upper  lip,  the  posterior  near  the  eye.  Maxilla  reaching  to  below  the 
anterior  portion  of  the  eye.  An  outer  row  of  flattened  movable  teeth  in 
each  jaw,  and  there  are  some  microscopic  inner  teeth  on  the  anterior 
portion  of  the  mandible ;  inner  premaxillarj'  teeth  not  apparent :  a 
slightly  enlarged  tooth  on  each  side  of  the  mandibular  symphj-sis. 
Tongue  thick,  and  largely  adnate  to  the  floor  of  the  mouth,  its  antei-ior 
margin  subtruncate.  Gill-openings  lateral;  the  exposed  edge  of  the 
shoulder-girdle  smooth. 

Body  compressed,  with  a  broad  and  rather  long  peduncle.  Scales 
large  and  angular,  and  ctenoid  on  the  body,  but  cycloid  on  the  nape  and 
neck.  They  extend  forward  to  between  the  posterior  portions  of  the  eyes  ; 
there  are  seven  predorsal  scales,  which  increase  in  size  forwards.  Base  of 
the  pectoral  and  breast  scaly.     Genital  papilla  developed. 

First  dorsal  originating  above  the  anterior  half  of  the  pectoral  ;  the 
second  spine  is  slightly  longer  than  those  on  either  side  of  it,  and  the 
others  deci'ease  regularly  backwards.  Third  dorsal  ray  highest,  and  longer 
than  the  second  spine  ;  the  following  rays  decrease  in  length  backwards. 
Anal  opposite  the  dorsal,  but  with  a  rather  shorter  base ;  its  rays  are  subequal 
in  length.  Pectoral  rounded,  the  middle  rays  reaching  the  tenth  row  of 
.scales.  Ventrals  inserted  before  the  pectorals,  and  but  little  .shorter  than 
those  fins  ;   the  basal  membrane  is  broad.      Caudal  rounded. 

GoIoiir-marl-liKj. — Faded  after  long  preservation  in  alcohol,  but  light 
in  colour.  Each  scale  of  the  upper  portions  with  a  broad  submarginal 
border  of  dark  dots.  Head  and  middle  of  the  sides  freckled  with  clusters 
of  dark  dots,  which  are  also  present  on  the  dorsal  fins. 

Described  and  figured  from  one  of  two  cotypes  32  mm.  long,  which 
are  preserved  in  the  Australian  Museum.  These  were  secured  from  Mr. 
De  Vis  in  1886  by  one  of  us  (Ogilby),  and  are  labelled  as  Gobies  jiave><cens, 
from  Moreton  Bay.  They  differ  from  the  original  description  in  several 
important  details  :  there  are  nine  rays  in  the  second  dorsal  and  anal  fins 
instead  of  eleven  and  ten  as  described  ;  the  proportions  of  the  head  and 
depth  of  the  body  are  verv'  diffei'ent  from  those  given  by  De  Vis ;  the 
interorbital  space  is  much  narrower  than  the  orbit,  though  it  should  be 
noted  that  the  eye  is  subequal  to  the  interocular  width.  On  the  other 
hand  they  agree  with  the  description  in  their  coloui'- marking,  physiognomy, 
and  in  having  large  scales  on  the  nape,  while  the  tail  and  other  parts  are 
covered  with  thick  mucous.  Taking  into  consideration  the  history  of  the 
specimens, and  making  allowance  for  the  extraoi'dinary  inaccuracies  common 
to  De  Vis'  descriptions,  we  regard  them  as  true  cotypes  of  G.  ffaceaceux. 

Loc. — Moreton  Bay,  Queensland. 


226 


RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 


(GORIUS)    AUSTRALIA,    ()(jillnj. 

(Fig.  5.) 

nmiehthy^  (uistraU^,   Ogilbv,    Proc.   Linn.   Soc.  N.S.Wales   (2),  ix.,   1S94, 
p.  367. 

(Gohins)    aiistrah'f^,    McCullocli,    Rec.    Austr.   Mus.,   xi.    7,    1917,  p.    187, 
pi.  xxxi.,  fig.  3. 

Variation. — Only  the  largest  examples  of  this  species  have  the 
maxilla  produced  backward  towards  the  pi^eopercnlum  as  described  by 
Ogilby  and  figured  by  McCulloch.  A  fine  series  of  over  one  hundred  speci- 
mens, 18-41  mm.  long,  which  were  taken  togethei-  in  Port  Jackson,  shows 
that  the  mouth  is  always  small  in  young  specimens,  reaching  only  a  little 
beyond  the  vertical  of  the  anterior  border  of  the  eye  ;  this  last  decreases 
in  size  considerably  with  growth,  and  in  the  largest  specimens  of  the 
series,  the  maxilla  extends  to  below  its  posteinor  third.  In  a  45  mm. 
specimen,  the  end  of  the  maxilla  is  a  little  behind  the  vertical  of  the 
posterior  orbital  border,  and  in  one  of  58  mm.,  it  is  midway  between  the 
eye  and  the  preopercular  margin. 


Fig.  S.     (Gobiiis)  auslrabs,     A  younf'  specimen  29  mm.  lonn,  from  I'ort  Jackson. 

The  body  is  more  slender  in  the  young,  but  the  characteristic  colour- 
marking  is  well  developed  in  even  the  smallest  specimens  of  our  series. 

Locs. — Many  specimens,  including  the  holotype,  are  in  the  Australian 
Museum  from  several  localities  between  Newcastle  and  Jervis  Bay,  New 
South  Wales. 


(GOBIUS)     M1CK(J1'HIHALMUS,    (t  ii  ilthev. 

(Uihivs  rnacrostonia,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,   1861,   p.  44   (not 
of  Steindachner). 

(Johins  microjjhtlmlmiis,  Giinther,  Ihid.,  p.  550. — Substitute  name. 

This  species  appears  to  be  closely  allied  to  the  preceding. 

Hah. — Australia  (Giinther). 


Arsii;AMAN'    (iolillH.I'; McCI'I.I.OCII    AN'li    (tiilMiV.  227 

CJemis  AwAiins,  Steindnc/mrr. 

Awaoits  (Steiiulacliiier),  .lordan  &  Sealc,  IJuII.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv., 
1906,  p.  405. 

A\VAOU.s  civAs.siLAi;i;is,  Gilntlicr. 

Gohiu.'i  crassihthn's,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mas.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  18H1,  p.  6'S.  Id., 
Giiuther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (3),  x.x.,  1867,  p.  61,  and  Fische 
Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  178,  pi.  cviii.,  tig.  b. 

This  species  has  been  recorded  from  Australia  by  Giinther.  An 
example  is  in  the  Australian  Museum  from  Townsville,  Queensland. 

Genus  GoBius,  Liimcmis. 

GOBIDS  ORNATDS,  Rilppell. 

(Plate  xxxiii.,  fig.   2.) 

Gobius  ornatns,  Riippell,  Atlas  Reise  Nordl.  Afrika,  Fische,  1828,  p.  135. 
Id,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  21,  and  Ann.  Mag. 
Nat.  Hist.  (3),  xx.,  1867,  p.  61.  hi,  Kner,  Reise  "  Novara,"  Zool., 
i.,  1865,  p.  173.  Id,,  Steindachner,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ivi.  i., 
1867,  p.  312.  Id.,  Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  294,  pi.  Ixiii.,  fig.  1. 
Id.,  Giinther,  Fische  Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  172,  pi.  cxi.,  fig.  a.  Id., 
Alleyne  &  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i.,  1877,  p.  331.  Id., 
Giinther,  Voy.  "Challenger,"  Zool.,  i.  6,  1880,  p.  44.  Id.,  Macleay, 
Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ii.,  1878,  p.  356,  and  v.,  1881,  p.  594. 
Id.,  Klunzinger,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p.  382.  Id., 
Regan,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (7),  xviii.,  1906,  p.  453. 

Gobius  vsjit rail's  (Ehrenberg),  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss., 
xii.,  1837,  p.  113. 

Gobius  inter stinctus,  Richardson.,  Iclith.  "  Erebus  &  Terror,"  1844,  p.  3, 
pi.  v.,  figs.  3-6. 

Gobius  ■periophthalmoides,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  i.,  1851,  p.  249. 

D.  6/11;  A.  10;  P.  19;  V.  1/5;  C.  13.  Scales  in  29  rows  between 
the  operculum  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  in  9  between  the  anterior  dorsal 
and  anal  rays.  Depth  5  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  3"6  in 
the  same.  Eye  4  in  the  head  ;  interorbital  width  45  in  the  eye.  Snout 
longer  than  the  eye,  3"2  in  the  head  ;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2"1  in  the 
same. 

Cheeks  and  opercles  naked,  with  minute  mucigerous  canals  and  the 
usual  preopercular,  nuchal,  occipital  and  rostral  pores.  Eyes  of  moderate 
size,  breaking  the  profile,  and  separated  by  a  very  narrow  interorbital 
space.  Snout  a  little  longer  than  the  eye,  its  profile  oblique  and  convex. 
Anterior  nostril  in  a  short  tube,  the  posterior  a  simple  opening.  Maxil- 
lary reaching  to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye,  mandible  shorter  than  the 
premaxillaries.  A  band  of  villiform  teeth  in  each  jaw  ;  a  few  enlarged, 
cardiform,  curved  teeth  in  the  front  of  tlie  upper  jaw,  and  some  smaller 
ones  in  the  lower  ;  palate  and  tongue  toothless.  Tongue  rounded  an- 
teriorly. 


228  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    5IUSEDM. 

Body  subcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posterioi'ly.  It  is  covered 
with  large,  finely  ctenoid  scales,  which  extend  forwai'd  to  behind  the  eyes, 
and  onto  the  thoi-ax  and  the  base  of  the  pectoi^al.  Most  of  the  scales  of 
the  median  lateral  row  each  bear  a  vertical  series  of  mucigerous  pores. 
Genital  papilla  well  developed. 

First  dorsal  rounded,  originating  well  behind  the  pectorals ;  the 
second  ray  is  longest,  about  as  long  as  the  head  without  the  operculum. 
The  rays  of  the  second  doisal  increase  slightly  in  length  backward  to  the 
penultimate.  Anal  originating  behind  the  second  dorsal  and  terminating 
a  little  in  advance  of  it ;  the  two  tins  are  of  similar  form,  but  the  posterior 
anal  rays  are  a  little  longer  than  those  of  the  dorsal,  and  slightly  longer 
than  the  second  dorsal  spine.  Pectoral  rounded,  reaching  to  below  the 
tirst  dorsal  ray;  the  four  upper  rays  are  silk-like,  bifurcate,  and  free 
fi'om  the  membrane.  Ventrals  inserted  behind  the  pectorals  but  before 
the  dorsal,  and  reaching  to  the  anal.      Caudal  rounded. 

Colour. — Light  brown  in  alcohol,  with  rows  of  large  black  spots  on  the 
sides  ;  on  the  nape  and  back,  these  spots  are  smaller  and  linear,  and  form 
about  five  rows  anteriorly  ;  a  series  of  large  blotches  along  the  middle  of 
the  sides,  and  another  of  smaller  blotches  below  it.  Obscui'e  darker 
saddles  cross  the  back,  and  pearly  spots  are  present  on  most  of  the  scales. 
Cheeks  and  opercles  with  dark  blotches,  and  two  more  cross  the  pectoral 
base.  Dorsal  fins  with  rows  of  dark  brown  spots  and  intermediate  light 
pearly  lines,  their  margins  yellowish.  Caudal  dark  spotted,  with  pearly 
lines  and  spots  between  the  rays  ;  pectoral  similar,  but  with  the  dai'k 
spots  less  evident.  Anal  with  about  four  rows  of  dark  lines  basally 
between  the  rays  ;  these  are  followed  by  large  transparent  spots,  after 
which  the  fin  is  again  dark  with  a  lighter  margin.     Ventrals  blackish. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  84  mm.  long,  collected  at 
Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait.  A  fine  series  of  over  one  hundred  speci- 
mens 25-95  mm.  long,  and  miostly  from  the  same  locality,  shows  that  this 
species  varies  but  little  in  the  general  arrangement  of  its  colour  marking. 
Younger  examples  are  lighter,  and  have  fewer  and  larger  spots  than  the 
adults,  and  the  pectorals  are  usually  without  darker  spots. 

Locs. — Specimens  are  in  the  Australian  Museum  from  the  following 
localities  : — Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait ;  Two  Isles,  near  Cape  Bedford, 
North  Queensland;  Cairns  Reef,  off  Cooktown,  Queensland  ;  Port  Darwin, 
North  Australia  ;   New  Hebrides. 

Dlsfrihnfioii. — This  species  ranges  from  the  Red  Sea  through  the 
East  Indies,  to  the  Eastern  Pacific.  Jt  is  recorded  from  North-western 
Australia  southwards  to  the  King  River  (Regan),  Port  Darwin,  and 
North-eastern  Queensland  southward  to  Cooktown. 

The  adinities  of  tlie  following  sixteen  species  are  unknown  to  us. 

((lOiiirs)    I'ADi'Ki;,   J)v  I'/V. 
ii'iiln'iiM  pdiijicr,  De  Vis,  Proc.  IjIiui.  Soc.  N.S.  Wales,  ix.,  lS84,  p.  (kS7. 
LX)r. — Mt)rctoii  Pay,  Queensland  (De  Vis). 


ADSi'KAMAN   ia)i!iin.>; — Mc('ni,i,ocii  anm>  ocilkv.  229 

(GoRius)   ruiNCKi'S,  JJe  Vis. 
(ioln'iis  i)n'iirfii.<,  De  Vis,  Lnc.  cif.,  p.  (iS5. 

Loc. — Cape  York,  Queensland  (Do  Vis). 

(G()i;ius)    \VA  TKixsoxi,  De  Vii^. 
(foliins  iriifkiiisniii,  De  Vis,  Loc.  cit.,  p.  ()H5. 

Loc. — Moretun  Bay,  Queensland  (De  Vis). 

(GOHIUS)    TAMAKKNSIS,    Jolni.'^h))! . 

Uobinn  taiiuirexsix,  Johnston,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Tasni.,  Ib82  (1883),  p.  120. 
Said  to  resemble  Guliiix  lateralis,  Macleay. 
Loc. — Tamar  River,  Tasmania,  in  fresli  water  (.lohnstou). 

(Gomes)    IIAACKKI,   Slriii,d((cliHey. 

(iuhius    liaackei,  Steiudachner,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxxviii.  i.,  1884, 
p.  1074. 

Hall. — South  Australia  (Steiudachner). 

(GoUIUS)     I'ULOllKLIAIS,   CifsteluaK. 

(itiliiiis  piilchell iix,  Castelnau,  Proc.  Zool.  Sue.  Vict.,  i.,  1872,  p.  125. 
Loc. — Western  Port,  Victoria  (Castelnau). 

(GOIJIUS)     FII.AlMKNTOSUS,   Ciistclnau. 

dohiiif:  filaineiitiisiit',  Castelnau,  Res.  Fish.  Austr.  (Vict.  Offic.  Rec.  Philad. 
Eihib.),  1875,  p.  19.    - 

Loc. — Adelaide,  South  Australia  (Castelnau). 

(GomUS)    MACDLATU.'^,  Castehiuii.. 

(Jdhius    macnlafn.<!,    Castelnau,  Res.  Fish.  Austr.    (Vict.  Offic.  Rec.  Pliihid. 
Exhib.),  1875,  p.  20. 

Hub. — Queensland  (Castelnau). 

(GOUIUS)    CASTKIiNAUl,  MacleaiJ. 

(iohius  frenatux,  Castelnau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  i.,  1872,  p.  l2o   (not  of 
Giinther). 

CJohias  castelnani,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  l88l,  p.  508. 

Loc. — Hobsou's  Bay,  Victoria  (Castelnau). 


230  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

(GOBIDS)    EKENATDS,   Giluthcr. 

Gohius  freiiaiiis,  Gihitlier,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  39. 
Hall. — Australia  (Giiutlier). 

(Gromus)   NKiKOOCELLATUS,  Giiufher. 
Gohiu-<  )i{ijroocelh(ttis,  Giiutlier,  Jourii.  Mns.  Godelf.,  i.  2,  1874,  p.  101. 
Loc. — Bowen,  Queensland  (Giinther). 

(GoBins)    I'LATVSTO.MA,  Gdnllier. 
Gohius  pJ (it  11  ft 0)11  a,  Giinther,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1871,  p.  664-,  pi.  Ixiii.,  hg.  b. 
Loc. — Port  Mackay,  Queensland  (Giinther). 

(GoHiDs)   voiGTii,  Bleeker. 

Gohius  niiytii,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijdschr.  Ned.  Ind.,  vii.,  185-i,  p.  83.  Id., 
Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  72,  and  Ann.  Mag.  Nat. 
Hist.  (3),  XX.,  1867,  p.  61. 

Loc. — Port  Essington  and  Cape  York  (Giinther). 

(GOBIUS)    SUI'TOSITDS,   SdHVidje. 

Gohius  sappositns,  Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  (7),  iv.,  1880,  p.  41. 
Loc. — Swan  River  (Sauvage). 

Goitius  iNFAUSTUS,  SaaviKje. 
Gohius  iiifaustns,  Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  (7),  iv.,  1880,  p.  42. 
Ldc. — Melbourne  (Sauvage). 

(GOHIUS)     OLOUUM,    SaULHUje. 

Gohius  oloraiii,  Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  (7),  iv.,  1880,  p.   43. 
Loc. — Swan  River  (Sauvage). 

Mai'o,  Siuitf. 

Mujxi,  Smitt,  Afh.  Vet.  Kong.  Ak.  Stockholm,  1SI>;»,  p.  543  ((uihius  sapor- 
II tor,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes.). 

This  genus  only  differs  from  G'ohius  in  having  the  tongue  notched   on 
the  median  line  anteriorly  instead  of  being  truncate. 

a.     .Auid  witli  nine  rays fuscus. 

aa.   Anal  with  ten  rays krefftii. 


ArsTK'Ai.iAx  (ioiiiin.t: — mcCitm.ocii  anh  (miii.kv.  231 

Mai'o  kitscus,  UiippeJl. 

(Plate  xx.xiii  ,  lis;.   '^.) 

Gobinx /a.<ri(!i,  Riippt'll,  Atl.  lieiso  Nonll.  AFi-ika,  Fisolie,  182S,  p.  1:57. 

(johins  piiiirtilhitiiK,  Kiippcll,  Lor.  ell.,  l8"28,  p.  138. 

IGuhias   soi>orator,   Cuviei-   &   ValencioTnics,    Hist.   Nat.    I'oiss.,  .\ii.,  1837, 

p.   56.      Id.,  Jordan  &  Kvennanii,    i?nll.    IT.S.  Nat.    Miis.,    xlvii.   iii., 

1898,  p.  22 IG  (idii  synonymy). 
Gobins  albopunctatiis,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Lor.  ril.,  p.  57.      hi,  Riippell, 

Nene  Wirbelth.,  Fische,  1838,  p.  138.     Id.,  Giintlier,  Biit.  Muh.  Cat. 

Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  25,  and  Fische  Siidsee,  vi.,   1877,  p.   172,  pi.  ex., 

fig.   a.     Id.,   Day,   Fish.    India,    1876,   p.   294,   j)l.   ixiii.,  fig.  7.     hi, 

Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ii.,  1878,  p.  357,  and   Lor.  cit., 

v.,  1881,  p.  595. 
Gubiiis  nebidopunrfdtiin,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1837, 

p.  57.     Id.,  Riippell,  Neue  Wirbelth.,  Fische.,   1838,   pp.   138,  139. 

Id.,  Giintlfer,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  26.     Id.,  Kluuzingei-, 

Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p.  382.     Id.,  Macleay,  Proc. 

Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  31. 
Gobius  pandangeims,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  i.,  1849,  p.  249. 
Gobius  breviceiis,  Blyth,  Proc.  Asiat.  Soc.  Bengal,  1858,  p.  271. 
Gobius  homocyairus,  Vaillant  &  Sauvage,  Revue  Mag.  Zool.  (3),  iii.,  1875, 

p.  280.   ■ 
Gohim  darnleyensis,  Alleyne  &   Macleay,    Proc.    Linn.   Soc.   N.S.Wales,    i., 

1877,  p.  331,  pi.  xii.,  tig.  1. 
Gobius  nigripinnis,  Alleyne  &  Macleay,  Ibid.,  p.  332,  pi.  xii.,  tig.  2. 
Gobius  sandvicieiisis,  Giinther,  "Challenger"  Rept  ,  Zool.,  i.,  1880,  p.  60. 
Gobius  Diarginalis,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  686. 
?  Gobius    poecilichthys,  Jordan    &    Snydei%   Proc.    U.S.   Nat.    Mus  ,     xxiv  , 

1901,  p.  52,  fig.  4. 
Mapo  fuscus,  Jordan  &  Evermann,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxiii.  i.,  1905, 

p.  483,  fig.  212.      Id.,  Weber,  "  Siboga"  Exped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  466. 

D.  vi/10-11  ;  A.  9  ;  P.  18  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Thirty-six  rows  of  scales 
between  the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  thir- 
teen to  fourteen  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  4-2  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  3-3  in  the  same. 
Breadth  between  the  bases  of  the  pectoi^als  I'l  in  the  depth.  Eye  equal 
to  the  snout,  4  in  the  head  ;  interocular  space  2-5  in  the  eye.  Depth  of 
the  caudal  peduncle  22,  and  caudal  fin  1'05  in  the  head.  Fifth  dorsal 
spine  2-2,  posterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays  1*4  in  the  head. 

Head  naked  with  swollen  cheeks.  Yerj  fine  rows  of  mucigerous 
pores  cross  the  cheeks  and  opercles,  and  one  extends  fz'om  behind  the 
preopercular  margin  onto  the  mandible ;  open  pores  are  present  on  the 
snout,  iuterobital  space,  behind  the  eye  and  the  preoperculum,  and  above 
the  operculum.  Eyes  close  together,  cutting  the  profile.  Snout  decli- 
vous ;  anterior  nostril  tubular,  the  posterior  a  simy)le  opening  before  the 
eye.     Mouth  a  little  oblique,   with  thick  fleshy   lips,   the  maxilla  reaching 


232  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye  ;  jaws  equal.  An  outer  row  of  enlarged 
stout  teeth  in  the  premaxillaries,  followed  by  a  band  of  smaller  ones 
which  is  broadest  anterioi'ly  but  narrows  laterally  ;  a  broader  patch  on 
the  anterior  half  of  the  mandible,  the  outer  teeth  being  largest,  though 
there  are  a  few  enlarged  ones  about  the  middle  of  the  sides ;  they  form  a 
single  row  on  the  sides.  Tongue  broad  and  notched  anteriorly,  only  the 
tip  free.  Gill  openings  wider  than  the  interspace  separating  them  ; 
exposed  edge  of  tlie  shouklei'-girdle  smooth. 

Body  compressed,  covered  with  rather  large  ctenoid  scales,  which 
extend  forwaixl  almost  to  the  eyes  on  the  nape,  and  cover  the  breast  ; 
they  are  rudimentary  on  the  base  of  the  pectoi'al.  They  increase  in  size 
towards  the  tail,  and  each  scale  of  the  median  row  has  a  vertical  series 
of  mucigerous  pcn-es  on  the  hinder  half  of  the  body.  Genital  p!ij)il]a 
large. 

First  doi^sal  commencing  well  behind  the  base  of  the  pectoral  ;  the 
five  anterior  spines  are  subequal  in  length,  and  the  membrane  from  the 
last  almost  touches  the  base  of  the  first  ray.  Dorsal  rays  increasing 
slightly  in  length  backwards,  the  last  forming  a  pointed  lobe  which  overlaps 
the  base  of  the  caudal  tin.  Anal  similar  to  the  second  doi-sal.  Pectoral 
rounded,  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  anterior  dorsal  i-ays ;  the  three 
upper  rays  are  bifid  and  filamentous,  silk-like.  Ventrals  inserted  below 
the  pectoral  base,  large  and  completely  united,  not  quite  reaching  the 
vent.      Caudal  broadly  rounded. 

Goloiir-inarlcuig. — Back  light-coloured,  with  six  broad  dark  saddle- 
shaped  cross- bands  which  expand  and  become  confluent  on  the  sides.  The 
first  crosses  the  nape,  the  second  is  largely  anterior  to  the  dorsal  tin,  the 
third  is  behind  the  fifth  spine,  the  fourth  behind  the  third  ray,  the  fifth 
behind  the  third  last  lay,  and  the  sixth  near  the  base  of  the  tail.  Below 
the  middle  of  the  sides  they  form  dark  blotches  which  ai-e  largely  alternate 
to  those  of  the  back.  Most  of  the  scales,  particularly  of  the  lower  latei-al 
portions,  bear  a  round  light  ocellus.  Cheeks  and  base  of  pectoral  with 
numerous  light  spots  ;  a  dai'k  spot  behind  the  eye.  First  dorsal  dusky, 
with  darke]'  markino-s,  and  a  broad  whitish  boixler.  Second  dorsal  dusky 
with  lighter  and  darker  spots  on  the  rays,  and  a  narrow  blackish  margin. 
Caudal  with  dark  spots  on  the  rays  on  the  upper  half,  its  lower  portions 
and  the  anal  somewhat  dusky.     Ventrals  blackish,  pectorals  dnsky. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  SQ  mm.  long,  from  Dai-nley 
Island,  Torres  Strait;  the  details  of  the  light  spots  of  the  head  and  bodj' 
are  supplemented  fiom  those  of  anothei-  example.  It  appears  to  be  quite 
similar  to  an  Indian  example  identified  by  Dr.  Day  as  (/.  nlhopunctntnx. 

Van'atjd)!. — The  light  spots  which,  wlien  present,  form  such  a  striking 
feature  of  this  species,  appear  to  be  developed  only  in  larger  examples,  and 
are  often  lost  in  preservation  ;  they  are  rarely  retained  in  examples  pre- 
served in  formalin,  but  some  in  alcohol  exhibit  them  very  clearly.  The 
dark  saddle-like  cross-bands  and  the  lateral  blotches  are  usually  much 
more  pronounced  in  young  examples  than  in  adults,  and  they  appear  as 
illnstnited  in  the  figure  of  \f.  pdecUichtliij!;,  .lordan  &  Snyder. 


AUSTRALIAN    (lOmiD.K McC[II-l,OCIl    ANI>    OdIMJY.  233 

Noiiieiirlatiiri'. — ( Jnhiitx  fiisriis,  1828,  was  a  "  pi'ovisioiial  "  name  for  a 
sinsflo  specimou  from  tlie  Red  Sea,  hi-iefly  characterised  l)y  Hiippell  ;  in  18;}8, 
this  hoU)ty])e  was  identified  by  its  author  as  (,'.  nehiildiutiirhihis,  Cavier  & 
Valenciennes,  1887,  and  furtlier  details  of  its  chai-acters  were  published. 
In  1861,  Giinther  (Cat.  p.  25)  again  examined  tliis  specimen^-^  in  the 
Senckenberg  Museum,  and  ideiitified  it  as  (,'.  itlhupimrtKfns,  Cuvier  & 
Valenciennes,  1887.  (r.  (dhoj)uiicli(ius  and  (/.  nebn/opiinctdtits  are  now 
genenilly  considered  identical,  and  as  d'.  fusciis  has  been  identified  with 
each,  and  having  priority,  it  is  the  proper  name  to  be  used  for  this  species. 

Synonymy. — Four  examples  in  the  Macleay  collection  bear  the  original 
label  "  (j.  darnleyensiii,  Alleyne  &  Macleay,  Darnley  Is."  They  differ 
from  the  description  of  that  species  in  their  proportions,  but  agree  with 
the  tigni'e,  and  the  anal  rays  are  not  longer  than  tliose  of  the  dorsal.  They 
ai'e  doubtless  the  cotypes  of  <i.  durnleyenxis,  and  agree  in  all  details  with 
an  Indian  example  identified  by  Dr.  Day  as  (1.  (tibopunrtatus. 

Two  adults  and  four  young  specimens  labelled  as  '■'■Gohius  nigripiiiu'n^, 
Alleyne  &  Macleay,  Palm  Islands",  are  in  very  bad  condition,  having  been 
partly  dried  and  decayed.  They  have  ten  instead  of  eleven  rays  in  the 
second  dorsal,  and  the  interorbital  space  is  less  than  half  the  diameter  of 
the  e^'e  instead  of  equal  to  it.  They  are  the  cotypes  of  the  species,  and 
notwithstanding  their  imperfect  condition,  are  clearly  identical  with  G. 
darnleyensh. 

Five  cotypes  of  G.  nuirglinilis,  De  Vis,  from  Cape  York,  agree  perfectly 
with  those  of  G.  dandeyensis. 

We  consider  M.  poecilichfhys,  Jordan  &  Snyder,  to  be  merely  the 
young  form  of  M./msgiis,  since  we  have  Queensland  examples  which  agree 
well  with  the  illustration  of  the  Japanese  species,  and  which  are  connected 
with  the  adult  form  of  (/.  fuscns  as  we  figure  it,  through  an  intermediate 
series. 

M.  apolosoma,  Ogilby^*,  is  very  similar  to  and  possibly  identical  with. 
M.  fuscns,  differing  only  in  its  somewhat  different  colour-marking.  Waite's 
{igure^s  illustrates  the  characteristic  pattern  of  numerous  specimens  from 
Lord  Howe  Island,  having  the  saddle-markings  somewhat  less  definite 
than  in  M.  fuscns,  and  a  row  of  dark  blotches  along  the  middle  of  the  sides, 
below  which  are  some  dark  lines.  This  marking  is  variable  however,  and 
is  sometimes  not  distinguishable  from  that  of  M.  fuscus. 

Locs. — Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait ;  coll.  Hedley  and  McCulloch. 
Darnley  Island,  Torres  Strait ;  cotypes  of  G.  darideyeiisis.  Cape  York, 
Queensland  ;  cot3'pes  of  (7.  viarghialis.  Palm  Islands,  Queensland  ;  cotypes 
of  G.  niijripinuis.  Various  localities  between  Cooktown  and  Port  Curtis, 
Queensland;  coll.  McCulloch.  Sweers  Island,  Grulf  of  Carpentaria;  coll. 
C.  Hedley.     Port  Darwin,  Northern  Territory;   Macleay  Museum. 

1=*  Gunther  (Cat.,  p.  26)  stated  that  the  type  of  G.  fuscus  was  lost,  but  records 
that  he  examined  Riiijpell's  "typical"  example  of  G.  nebulopunctatus  (Ibid.,  p.  25). 
Since  the  same  specimen  served  for  both  of  Rilppell's  identifications,  it  seems  probable 
that  the  example  seen  by  Giinther  was  really  the  holotyi^o  of  G.  fuscus  bearing  the 
changed  name  of  G.  nebulop^inctutus. 

'^  Ogilby— Mem.  Austr.  Mus.,  ii.,  1889,  p.  61. 

IS  Waite— Kec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.,  1904,  p.  176,  pi.  xxiii.,  fig.  2. 


234  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Distribution. — This  species  ranges  from  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Eastern 
Coast  of  Africa  to  Japan,  Australia,  and  the  Eastern  Pacific  Ocean. 

If  (t.  soporidor  be  correctly  identified  with  it,  as  seems  probable,  its 
i-ange  also  extends  to  both  coasts  of  America. 

Mapo   KKKFFTII,  Stcindiichner. 
(Plate  xxxiii.,  tig.   4.) 

Gohius   hre.ftii,    Steindachner,    Sitzb.    Akad.    Wiss.    Wieu.,    liii.    i.,    1866, 

p.  45i. 
Gohius  criniger,  Steindachner,  Lor.  cif.,  Ivi.  i.,  1867,  p.  326   (not  of  Cuvier 

and  Valenciennes). 
Golin.n  hrevijilis,  Giinther,  "  Challenger"  Kept.,  Zool.,  i.,  1880,  p.  28.     Id., 

Ogilby,    Cat.    Fish.    N.S.Wales,    1886,    p.    35.       Id.,    Waite,    Mem. 

N.S.Wales  Nat.  Club,  ii.,  1904,  p.  45  (not  G.  hrevifiiis.  Day). 
Gohius  huccatns,   Macleay,  Ibid.,  p.    601.     Id.,   Ogilby,   Ihid.     Id.,  Waite, 

Ihid  (not  of  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes). 
Gohius   fJavidus,   Macleay,    Proc.   Linn.    Soc.   N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  602. 

hi,  Ogilby,  Ihid.     Id.,  Waite,  Ihid. 

D.  vi/11  ;  A.  10;  P.  16-17;  V.  i/5 ;  C.  14.  36-37  rows  of  scales 
between  the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  13-14 
between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  4'8  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint  ;  head  3*4  in  the  same. 
Breadth  between  the  bases  of  the  pectorals  1'05  in  the  depth.  Eye  slightly 
shorter  than  the  snout,  4-1  in  the  head.  Interocular  space  6  in  the  eye. 
Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  2-3,  and  the  caudal  fin  1-1  in  the  head. 
First  dorsal  spine  2,  third  dorsal  ray  and  jienultimate  anal  ra}'  nearly  2  in 
the  head. 

Colonr-marl-inij. — Body  greenish  white  on  tlie  back  and  white  below 
with  six  saddle  markings  composed  of  i-eddish  brown  spots  and  disposed 
as  in  M.  fnscus.  Eight  or  nine  darker  blotches  are  present  along  the 
middle  of  the  sides.  Head  mottled  and  dotted  with  reddish  brown  spots 
which  are  largest  on  the  cheeks  and  opercles.  Dorsal  tins  with  several 
rows  of  brownish  pink  spots,  their  margins  yellowish.  Caudal  with  similai' 
spots;   the  rest  of  the  fin  and  the  pectorals,  anal,  and  ventrals  pale  yellow. 

Variation. — The  intensity  of  the  colour-ni:vrking  vai  ies  greatly  in 
different  specimens,  though  it  is  similai'ly  disposed  in  all,  and  the  relative 
lengtlis  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  spines  and  rays  vary  with  growth. 

This  species  is  similar  in  all  structural  details  to  M .  fiisrufi,  and  greatly 
resembles  that  species  in  its  colour-marking  also,  though  it  apparently 
does  not  develop  any  light  ocelli  on  tlie  scales.  It  is  characterised  however, 
by  having  ten  instead  of  nine  anal  rays,  as  we  find  hy  count  iiig  a  lari,'e 
number  f)f  specimens  of  both  species. 

Synoin/niy. — Soon  aftei"  the  desciipt ion  of  '■'.  /,•/•(•//■///,  Steindachner, 
was  published,  its  aiit  hoi'  indicated,  with  much  douhf,  (lie   identity    ni'    his 


AL'SncAI.IAN    (ii»l;illM': McCI'M.OCII    ANIt    (ICII.I'.Y.  235 

species  aiul  (I .  rriniiirr.  This  I'rror  was  imroi-iiiiiiiifl y  acci'pted,  and  tlie 
name  (/.  l,-r('l)'tli  has  been  omitted  from  all  later  lists,  the  sjjecies  being 
incorrectly  referred  to  as  (/ .  hrevijili^,  which  is  synonymous  with  (I.  criniijer. 

The  specimens  identitied  as  (/.  hiin-ntiis,  Cavier  and  Valenciennes, 
from  Port  Jackson  by  Macleay,  differ  from  the  description  of  that  species 
in  having  fewer  rays  in  the  dorsal  and  anal  tins  and  in  having  a  very 
narrow  instead  of  a  wide  interorbital  space.  They  do  not  differ  from  our 
examples  of  M.  krejf'tii. 

The  two  cotypes  of  (f.  flu vi das,  Macleay,  81-87  mm.  long,  are  very 
faded,  but  are  quite  similar  in  all  details  to  our  M.  I.rpftii. 

Lors. —  This  species  is  common  near  Sydney,  and  we  have  examined 
numerous  specimens  from  several  localities  between  Port  Stephens  and 
Jervis  Bay,  New  South  Wales.      The  example  figured  is  from  Port  Jackson. 

Glossogobius,  Gill. 

Glossogobins,  Gill,  Ann.  Lye.  Nat.  Hist.  N.York,  1859,  p.  46  (Gobius 
platycepkalus,  Richardsou). 

Cephalogohius,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  pp.  315,  320. 

Body  covered  with  rather  large  ctenoid  scales,  about  33  in  a  longitud- 
inal row  ;  head  almost  naked,  depressed  anteriorly,  with  lines  of  raucigerous 
pores  on  the  cheeks.  Lower  jaw  projecting.  Teeth  in  several  rows,  the 
outer  enlarged,  fixed  and  subulate,  the  inner  depressible ;  palate  toothless. 
Tongue  deeply  notched  anteriorly.  Isthmus  narrow,  the  gill-membranes 
close  together  or  completely  united  across  it;  shoulder-girdle  smooth. 
Pseudobranchia?  present.  Ventral  fins  united,  with  one  spine  and  five 
rays.     Dorsal  with  six  spines  and  about  ten  rays,  anal  with  about  nine. 

a.  Gill  membranes  separated  by  the  isthmus.  About  33  scales  between  the  upper 
base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint  ;  maxilla  reaching  to  below  the  middle 
of  the  eye.     Lower  portion  of  tail  without  broad  blackish  bars giuris. 

aa.  Gill  membranes  meeting  across  the  isthmus.  About  30  scales  between  the  upper 
base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint ;  maxilla  reaching  to  below  the  hinder 
portion  of  the  eye.     Lower  half  of  tail  witlx  broad  blackish  bars biocellatus. 

Gobius  circmnspectus,  Macleay  (Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  viii., 
1883,  p.  267)  from  Milne  Bay,  Papua,  is  a  species  of  Glossogobins,  and  is 
very  similar  to  G.  giuris.  The  holotype  is  115  mm-,  long.  Depth  51  in 
the  length  from  the  premaxillary  symphysis  to  the  hypural  joint  ;  head, 
without  mandible,  3-1  in  the  same.  D.  vi/10 ;  A.  9.  Thirty-one  scales 
between  the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  |  9  ^ 
between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays.  Second  dorsal  spine  filamentous  ; 
dorsal  rays  increasing  in  length  backward,  the  last  reaching  about  three- 
quarters  of  its  distance  from  the  caudal.  The  colour-markings  are  similar 
to  those  of  G.  giuris. 

Gobius  concavifrons,  Ramsay  and  Ogilby  (Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales 
(2),  i.,  1887,  p.  12)  is  also  a  Glossogobins,  and  possibly  identical  with  G. 
celebins,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 


236  KECOKDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Glossogobius  giuris,  Buchanan. 

Gohius  giuris,  Bnclianau,  Fish.  Ganges,  1822,  pp.  51,  366,  pi.  xxxiii.,  fig. 
15.  Id.,  Gilnther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  21.  Id.,  Day, 
Fish.  ludia,  1876,  p.  294,  pi.  Ixvii.,  :fig.  1  (vide  synonymy).  Id., 
Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ii.,  1878,  p.  356. 

Gohius  fasciato-jinnctatus,  Richardson,  Voy.  "  Sulphur,"  Ichth.,  1845,  p. 
145,  pi.  Ixii.,  figs.  13,  14. 

Glossogohius  giuris,  Weber,  "Siboga"  Exped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  468,  fig.  93. 

Gohius  sauruides,  Casteluau,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  iii.,  1878,  p.  48. 

Eleotris  luticeps,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  692. 

D.  vi/10;  A.  9;  p.  21;  V.  i/5;  C.  13.  34  rows  of  scales  between 
the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  11  between  the 
anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  5'8  in  the  length  between  the  premaxillary  symphysis  and  the 
hypural  joint;  head,  without  the  mandible,  about  3  in  the  same.  Eye  6 
in  the  head,  and  1"8  in  the  snout,  which  is  3'3  in  the  head.  Interorbital 
space  1"8  in  the  eye.  Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  3'3  in  the  head  ; 
breadth  between  the  pectoral  bases  subequal  to  the  depth.  Second  dorsal 
spine  2  2,  first  dorsal  ray  about  2,  third  anal  ray  27,  and  caudal  13  in 
the  head. 

Head  naked,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  small  scales  on  the  upper 
portion  of  the  operculum.  About  five  rows  of  minute  pores  cross  the 
cheek  horizontally,  and  others  extend  around  the  eye  and  preopercular  mar- 
gin, and  on  the  operculum,  'snout  and  mandible  ;  an  open  pore  between  the 
eyes,  and  others  behind  the  preopercular  margin.  Eyes  of  moderate  size, 
superolateral,  and  separated  by  a  flat  interorbital  space.  Snout  long, 
obtusely  pointed,  the  mandible  much  longer  than  the  upper  jaw  ;  maxillary 
reaching  to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye.  Nostrils  close  together,  the 
anterior  in  a  short  tube,  the  posterior  a  simple  opening  slightly  nearer  the 
eye  than  the  end  of  the  snout.  Premaxillary  teeth  in  two  series,  the  outer 
formed  of  a  I'ow  of  fixed  subulate  teeth,  and  the  inner  of  a  band  of  depres- 
sible  teeth,  the  innermost  of  which  are  much  longer  than  the  others  and 
acicular ;  mandibular  teeth  similar.  Tongue  largely  free,  its  anterior 
margin  deeply  notched.  Free  edges  of  the  gill-membranes  separated  by  a 
space  about  half  as  wide  as  the  eye ;  exposed  margin  of  the  shoulder- 
girdle  smootli,  without  papilhv. 

Body  subcylindrical  anterioi-ly,  compressed  postei'iorly,  and  covered 
with  rather  large,  angular,  ctenoid  scales,  which  ai'e  largest  posteriorly. 
They  extend  forward  to  a  little  behind  the  eyes  on  the  nape,  and  onto  the 
breast  and  base  of  the  pectoral.      A  small  genital  papilla. 

First  dorsal  commencing  a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  pectorals  ; 
the  second  spine  is  longest,  the  others  decreasing  backwards ;  dorsal  rays 
decreasing  in  length  backwards,  the  last  reaching  about  half  its  distance 
from  the  caudal.  Anal  nearly  opposite  the  soft  dorsal,  the  rays  increasing 
in  height  backwards.  Pectoral  nari'owly  rounded,  the  median  rays  almost 
reaching  the  vertical  of  the  vent.  Veutrals  completely  united,  insei-ted 
behind  the  pectorals,  and  reaching  about  three-quarters  of  their  distance 
fi-om  the  vent.      Caudal  I'ounded. 


AUSI'IJALIAN    (iOl'.lin.K Mc  Ci;i,l.(t(;il    AND    OCll.llY.  237 

Gohmr-iiturlnnij. — Wliitisli  in  loi'iiialiiu',  inotUt'd  with  olive-green 
script-like  markings  on  tlie  liead  and  uppi'i-  lialf  of  the  l)()dy  ;  four  larger 
dark  blotches  along  the  sides,  and  a  blackish  spot  at  the  base  of  the  tail. 
Operculum  with  a  dark  blotch.  Dorsal  and  caudal  tins  with  rows  of 
greyish  spots  on  the  rays ;  base  of  the  pectoral  with  a  dark  bar  on  its 
upper  portion. 

Described  from  a  specimen  127  mm.  long,  from  the  Flinders  River, 
Queensland,  which  is  quite  similar  to  an  Indian  example  received  from 
Dr.  Francis  Day. 

Sijiioiupiii/. — Uubius  S((?tro/(?c't;,Castelnau,  was  described  from  a  specimen 
seven  inches  long,  which  was  taken  in  the  Norman  River,  Gulf  of  Cai'peu- 
taria.  We  have  an  example  rather  less  than  five  inches  long  from  the 
same  locality,  which  agi-ees  with  Castelnau's  description  in  most  details, 
though  it  has  fewer  scales  and  more  numerous  dorsal  rays.  It  is  identical 
with  G.  giuris,  and  indicates  that  (/.  sanroides  is  synonymous  with  that 
species. 

The  holotype  of  EleotrtH  luliceps,  De  Vis,  is  pi-eserved  in  the  Queenf?laiid 
Museum.  It  has  beeu  stuffed  and  is  now  very  imperfect,  the  fins  being 
much  broken,  while  no  trace  of  its  colour-marking  remains.  It  is  clearly 
identical  with  G.  giuris,  however,  even  a  portion  of  the  membrane  uniting 
the  veutrals  being  preserved  between  the  bases  of  the  fins. 

Locs. — Flinders  River,  near  Richmond,  Queensland  ;  coll.  F.  L.  Berney. 
Norman  River,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria  ;  coll.  Dr.  C.  Taylor.  Port  Darwin, 
Northern  Australia  ;  Macleay  Museum. 

Glossogoiuus   1510CELLATUS,  Cnvier  and  Valeitciennes. 

Gubiu^  hiocellatus,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1837, 
p.  73.  Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  20.  Id., 
Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  289,  pi.  Ixiii.,  fig.  8. 

Gohiits  (Glossogobias)  hiocellatus,  Weber,  "Siboga"  Exped.,lvii.,  1913,  p.  470. 

Glossoqobius  vaisigaiiis,  Jordan  and  Scale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv., 
1906,  p.  403,  fig.  93. 

D.  vi/10;  A.  9;  P.  17;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  13.  29  rows  of  scales  between 
the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint  ;  9  between  the 
anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  6"5  in  the  length  between  the  premaxillary  symphysis  and  tlie 
hypural  joint ;  head,  without  mandible,  3*1  in  the  same.  Eye  4'6  in  the 
head,  and  12  in  the  snout,  which  is  4  in  the  head.  Interorbital  space 
4"2  in  the  eye.  Depth  of  caudal  peduncle  3'5  in  the  head  ;  breadth 
between  the  bases  of  the  pectorals  slightly  greater  than  the  depth.  Second 
dorsal  spine  2'1,  second  dorsal  ray  1'7,  penultimate  anal  ray  1'6,  and 
caudal  1*3  in  the  head. 

Head  wholly  naked,  mucigerous  system  not  well  defined.  Ej^es 
superior,  separated  by  a  very  narrow  interspace.  Snout  long,  pointed, 
the  mandible  much  longer  than  the  upper  jaw.  Maxilla  almost  reaching 
the  vertical  of  the  hinder  orbital  margin.  Anterior  nostril  in  a  short 
tube,  the  postex'ior  a  large  opening,  much  nearer  the  eye  than  the  end  of 
the  snout.      An  outer  row  of  curved,  subulate  teeth  in  the  premaxillaiy, 


238  RECORDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

decreasing  in  size  backwai^ds ;  au  inner  row  of  lai-ge,  acicular,  depressible 
teeth,  and  an  intei-mediate  series  of  minute  teeth  between  them.  Mandib- 
uhir  teeth  similar  to  those  of  the  upper  jaw  antei'iorly,  but  the  fixed  teeth 
are  smaller  laterally,  and  the  minute  ones  ai'e  lost  on  the  sides.  Tongue 
hirgely  free,  deeply  notched  anteriorly.  Gill-membranes  united  across  the 
isthmus  ;  free-edge  of  shoulder-girdle  smooth,  without  papillae. 

Body  subcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly,  and  covered 
with  large,  angular,  ctenoid  scales,  which  are  largest  posteriorly.  Thej'' 
extend  forward  to  a  little  behind  the  eyes  above,  and  onto  tlie  breast  and 
the  base  of  the  pectorals.     Genital  papilla  very  small. 

First  dorsal  commencing  a  little  behind  the  base  of  the  pectoi'al  ; 
second  spine  longest,  and  the  margin  of  the  tin  rounded.  Dorsal  rays  sub- 
equal  in  height,  the  last  reaching  backward  to  about  three  quarters  of  its 
distance  from  the  hypural  joint.  Anal  opposite  the  soft  dorsal,  its  rays 
increasing  in  height  backwards.  Pectoral  reaching  the  vertical  of  the 
vent.  Ventrals  completely  united,  and  reaching  the  vent ;  they  are 
inserted  beneath  the  base  of  the  pectoral.  Caudal  somewhat  pointed,  the 
lower  rays  obliquely  truncate. 

Colo'ur-viarking. — Bi-own  in  alcohol,  the  scales  of  the  lower  half  of  the 
sides  lighter,  with  broad  brown  margins ;  about  six  dark  blotches  along 
the  sides,  and  three  or  four  narrow,  dark  horizontal  lines  along  the  series 
of  scales.  Head  dark  speckled,  with  a  light  marking  from  the  eye  to  the 
mouth.  First  dorsal  dark,  with  some  broad  lighter  mai-kings  basally ;  a 
dark  blotch  between  the  first  and  second  spines,  and  a  black,  light-edged 
ocellus  between  the  fifth  and  sixth  spines.  Second  dorsal  dark,  with 
microscopic,  blackish  dots,  which  form  darker  spots  in  irregular  rows. 
Anal  blackish,  the  rays  lighter,  and  some  white  spots  posteriorly.  Caudal 
grey  above,  with  indefinite  darker  bars  ;  the  lower  poi^tion  bears  three  or 
four  broad  dark  cross-bars,  which  are  darkest  basally,  and  separated  by 
light  interspaces.  Pectoral  with  a  dark  horizontal  bar  on  the  lower 
portion  of  its  base.     Ventrals  with  dark  transverse  bars. 

Described  from  a  specimen  85  mm.  long.  A  second  taken  with  it 
does  not  offer  any  noticeable  differences. 

Synonymy. — These  examples  agree  so  well  witli  the  desci'iptiou  and 
figure  of  G.  vnisir/anis,  Jordan  and  Scale,  that  they  are  evidently  identical 
with  that  species.  We  have  also  compar-ed  them  with  an  Indian  example 
of  G.  hiorcIhitKs,  received  from  Dr.  Francis  Day,  which,  though  in  luther 
bad  condition,  is  evidently  similar  in  all  details.  We  therefore  regard  G. 
vaUiyanis  as  synonymous  with  G.  hiocellatns. 

Lac. — Finches'  Creek,  Cooktown,  North  Queensland  ;  coll.  A.  R. 
McCulloch. 

PAK'AGomonoN,  lUccl-cr. 

liiijipclid  and  liUpcUia,  Swainson,  Nat.  Hist.  Class.  Aniph.  Kept.  Fish.,  ii., 
1839,  pp.  184,  281  (Gohiufi  echinocephalns,  liiippell).  Not  Biippellia, 
Wiedemann,  1830,  a  genus  of  Diptera. 

BHppelli((  (Swainson)  Jordan  &  Richardson,  Clieck-list  Fish.  Pliili[)[)ine 
Arch.,  1910,  p.  47. 


ADSTRALTAN    OORIID.K Mc  CIM.I.i  it'll    AND    (KIILl'.Y.  239 

Panu/ohiodoH,  Bleeker,  Ned.  Tijdsclir.  Dieilc,  iv.,  1S7:{,  p.  129  ((Itihins 
echinocephdhii^,  Ruppell)i*\  Id.,  Bleekei-,  Arcli.  Nt'eil.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix., 
1874,  p.  309.  id.,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv., 
1906,  p.  39G. 

Form  short  and  compressed,  liead  subglobular.  Body  with  large 
ctenoid  scales.  Head  naked,  with  papilla)  or  sette  ;  some  large  open 
pores  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head,  behind  the  eye  and  preopercular 
margin.  Snout  rounded,  jaws  snbequal,  mouth  very  oblique  ;  nostrils  in 
short  tubes  ;  no  barbies.  A  band  of  villiform  teetli  in  each  jaw,  and  an 
outer  row  of  enlarged  teetli  ;  mandible  with  a  curved  canine  on  each  side 
of  the  sympliysis  ;  palate  toothless.  Tongue  rounded,  free  anteriorly. 
Gill-openings  lateral,  isthmus  very  broad.  Exposed  edge  of  shoukler- 
girdle  a  smootli  ridge.  Pseudobranchise  present ;  gill-rakers  few,  short 
and  spinate.  Dorsal  with  about  vi/10  rays,  short  and  rounded  ;  anal 
similar  to  second  dorsal,  with  about  10  rays.  Pectorals  large,  without  free 
rays.     Veutrals  united,  cup-shaped,  with  i/5  rays.      Caudal  rounded. 

Paragoi'.iodon  echinocephalds,  liilpitell. 

(Plate  xxxiv.,   fig.  1.) 

Gohius  echinoceplialmt,  Riippell,  Atlas  Fische  Roth.  Meers,  1828,  p.  136, 
pi.  xxxiv.,  fig.  3,  and  Neue  Wirbelth.,  Fische,  1838,  p.  138.  Id., 
Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1837,  p.  134.  Id., 
Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  34,  and  Fische  Siidsee, 
vi.,  1877,  p.  175,  pi.  cviii.,  fig.  d.  Id.,  Klunzinger,  Verb.  Zool.  Bot. 
Ges.  Wien,  1871,  p.  475. 

Gobius  amiciensis,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1837,  p. 
135.  Id.,  Gunther,  Biit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  35.  Id., 
Sauvage,  Poiss.  Madagascar,  1891,  p.  352,  pi.  xii. 

Gohius  xanlhosoma,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijdschr.  Ned.  Indie,  iii.,  1852,  p.  703. 
Id.,  Gunther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  42. 

Gohius  melanosomn,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijdschr.  Ned.  Indie,  iii.,  1852,  p.  703. 
Id.,  Peters,  Monatsbi'.  Ak.  Berlin,  1868,  p.  265.  Id.,  Day,  Fish. 
India,  1876,  p.  297,  pi.  Ixiv.,  fig.  I. 

Gohius  gohiodon,  Day,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1869,  p.  516. 

Gohius  gihhostis,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  601. 

Gobius  scahriceps,  Macleay,  Loc.  cit.,  p.  603. 

Gobius  vHiitii,  Garnian,  Bull.  Mus.  Comp.  Zool.,  xxxix.,  1903,  p.  234,  pi. 
iii.,  fig.  3. 

Paragohiodon  echiiiocephalus,  Bleeker,  Nederl.  Tijdschr.  Dierk.,  iv.,  1873, 
p.  129,  and  Veih.  Akad.  Amsterdam,  xviii.,  1879,  p.  17.  Id.,  Jordan 
&  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906,  p.  397. 

Paragohiodon  xauthosomus,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  xiii.,  1878,  p. 
54.     Id.,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906,  p.  397. 

18  Fide  Weber  &  de  Beaufort— Fish.  ludo-Austr.  Arch.,  i.,  1911,  p.  289. 


240  RECORDS    OP   TEE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Panigoliodon  melanosoma,  Bleeker,  Resell.  Faun.  Madagascar,  1875,  p.  78, 
and  Arch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  xiii.,  1878,  p.  54. 

Rnppellia  echinocephala,  Jordan  &  Richardson,  Check-list  Fish.  Philippine 
Islands,  1910,  p.  47.     7(7.,  Ogilby,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  ii.,  1913,  p.  92. 

Kuppellia  melanosoma,  Jordan  &  Richardson,  Loc.  cit. 

D.  vi/10 ;  A.  10  ;  P.  20  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  17.  24  scales  between  the  axil 
and  the  hypural  joint,  and  10  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  3  in  the  lengtli  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  3"2  in  the  same. 
Eye  37  in  the  head,  a  trifle  longer  than  the  snout,  and  16  in  the  in- 
terocular  space.  Breadth  before  the  bases  of  the  pectorals  1"4  in  the 
depth  ;  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  1'7  in  the  head. 

Head  a  little  deeper  than  long,  naked,  with  bristle-like  filaments  ; 
these  are  longest  and  most  numerous  on  the  lower  surfaces,  while  they 
also  cover  the  operculum  and  occiput,  and  leave  the  upper  portion  of  the 
cheek  and  side  of  the  neck  bare.  Some  large  open  pores  are  present  on 
the  preopercular  border,  behind  the  eye,  and  on  the  interorbital  area. 
Eyes  in  the  anterior  half  of  the  head,  separated  by  a  wide  convex  in- 
terorbital space.  Snout  very  obtuse,  the  anterior  profile  snbvertical,  the 
upper  arched  evenly  backward  to  the  dorsal  spines;  chin  prominent. 
Mouth  subvertical,  the  maxilla  reaching  to  below  the  anterior  border  of 
the  eye.  Nostrils  large,  the  anterior  in  a  tube  near  the  lip,  the  pos- 
terior almost  above  the  margin  of  the  eye  and  with  a  raised  margin.  A 
band  of  villiform  teeth  in  each  jaw,  the  outer  ones  enlarged  anteriorly ; 
a  strong  inner  canine  on  each  side  of  the  mandibular  symphysis,  followed 
by  two  or  three  smaller  ones  towards  the  sides.  Tongue  thick,  rounded 
anteriorly  and  free.  Gill-openings  opposite  and  about  as  wide  as  the 
bases  of  the  pectoi'als,  narrower  than  the  isthmus  separating  them  ; 
shoulder-girdle  smooth. 

Body  short  and  thick,  with  large  ctenoid  scales  which  commence 
abrupty  on  an  oblique  line  extending  from  the  axil  to  the  anterior  dorsal 
I'ay  ;  aljdpmen  laigely  scaly,  the  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  breast 
naked,  the  latter  with  filaments  similar  to  those  of  the  head.  Median 
I'ow  of  body  scales  with  vertical  series  of  minute  mucigerous  papilla*. 
Genital  papilla  large. 

First  dorsal  fin  rounded  and  coimected  with  the  base  of  the  second 
by  membrane  ;  the  fourth  spine  is  longest,  and  about  once  and  two-thirds 
as  long  as  the  eye.  Second  dorsal  somewhat  rounded  and  higher  than 
the  fii'st,  the  median  rays  longest,  the  posterior  not  reaching  the  base  of 
the  caudal.  Anal  opposite  the  soft  dorsal,  the  lays  increasing  in  height 
to  the  eighth.  Pectoral  laige  and  rounded,  reaching  to  above  the  third 
anal  ray.  Veil  train  rounded  and  cup-shaped,  their  lower  surfaces  densely 
papillose  ;  the  s|)ines  aie  broad  with  a  furrow  on  their  anterior  faces,  and 
bent  backward  at  their  tips;  they  suppoit  a  strong  basal  membrane. 
Caudal  rounded. 

Colour. — Unifoinily  bleached  after  long  preservation  in  alcohol. 
Unifoiin  leddish-biown,  according  to  Macleay. 


AUS'l'ltAIJAN    (iOKlID/T McCC  l.l.i  n'll    AND    0(!II,|:V.  241 

Described  from  one  of  tlio  t.lirce  cotypes  of  Lliihiiin  snilirirops,  Mac- 
leay,  30  mm.  long  ;  this  differs  from  its  biief  desci-iption  in  having  the 
diameter  of  the  eye  two  thirds  as  wide  as  tlie  interocuhar  space  instead  of 
less  tlian  one  half.  The  accompanying  Hguie  repi-esenls  a  smaller  speci- 
men, 2o.\  mm.  long,  from  ]\Iasthead  island,  which  diffeis  principally  in 
having  the  head  lighter  in  colour  than  the  body,  and  covei'ed  with  only 
papilloe  instead  of  filaments.  « 

Variiifidii. — A  careful  compai-ison  of  sixty-two  s]>eciniens,  12-34  mm. 
long,  indicates  that  this  species  is  highly  variable  in  its  ccdoui-ation,  but 
that  such  vaiiations  do  not  represent  even  subspecific  chaj-acters.  (A) 
Five  exan)ples  from  Masthead  Island  have  the  body  and  fins  brownish- 
black  with  the  head  flesh-coloured.  (B)  Four  others  from  Green  Island 
are  more  nearly  uniform  brown,  the  body  being  lighter  and  the  head  not 
so  pale.  (C)  Of  five  small  specimens  from  Murray  Island,  one  is  like  A; 
the  others  have  all  the  fins  except  the  ventrals  blackish,  while  the  head 
and  body  is  flesh-coloured  ;  four  others  from  Masthead  Island  are  simi- 
larly coloured.  (D)  Four  specimens  from  German  New  Guinea  are  each 
differently  coloured,  and  are  somewhat  intermediate  between  forms  C 
and  E.  (E)  Thirty-six  from  Masthead  Island  and  three  from  Murray 
Island  are  light  coloured  all  over,  grass-green  in  life,  with  the  margin  of 
the  caudal  dark  and  usually  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  also. 

The  filaments  on  the  head  are  more  papillose  in  the  small  dark 
coloured  examples  than  in  the  lighter  ones  of  similar  size,  in  which  they 
are  setiform,  and  they  are  less  abundant  on  the  nape  ;  this  feature  is 
variable  howevei',  and  offers  no  specific  character.  In  younger  specimens 
also,  the  scales  near  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins  are  imperfectly  developed,  so 
that  they  appear  less  numerous  in  a  transverse  series  than  in  adults. 

Synonymy. — The  variability  of  this  species  has  caused  writers  to 
bestow  several  names  upon  it.  Gohiiis  aniiciensis,  Cuvier  and  Valen- 
ciennes, was  reduced  to  the  synonymy  of  G.  echinocephalits  by  Klunzin- 
ger,  who  has  been  followed  by  later  authors.  G.  xantJiosoma,  Bleeker, 
and  G.  melanosoma,  Bleeker,  are  also  identical  with  G.  echiuocephalus 
according  to  Weber,  (r.  gohiodon,  Day,  was  relegated  to  the  synonymy 
of  G.  melanosoma  by  its  author,  while  G.  waitii,  Garman,  is  evidently 
another  synonoym,  as  suggested  by  Jordan  and  Seale  under  G.  .rantliosoina. 
Finally,  we  have  compai'ed  the  types  of  G.  gihbnsufi,  Macleay,  and  G.  scab- 
rireps,  Macleay  from  the  Endeavour  River,  and  find  them  identical  in 
all  details,  and  evidently  synonymous  with  G.  echi nocephtdus. 

Localities  of  specimens  examined. — Masthead  Island  off  Port  Curtis, 
and  Green  Island  off  Cairns,  Queensland  ;  coll.  McCulloch.  Endeavour 
River,  Queensland;  ty[)es  of  G.  (jihhoxiis  Siud  G.  scahrireps.  Murray  Island, 
Torres  Strait;  coll.  Hedley  and  McCulloch.  German  New  Guinea,  Duke 
of  York  Island,  and  Bougainville  Island. 

Genus  ZoNOGOBiDS,  Bleeker. 

Zonogohius  (Bleeker),  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906, 
p.  397. 


242  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

ZONOGOBIUS  NDCHIFASCIATUS,  Gmither. 

Gohius  nuchifasciatus,  Giintlier,  Journ.  Mns.  Godeff.,  i.  4,  1874,  p.  266. 

Zonoijohins  semldoliatus,  McCallocli,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxxvi., 
1912,  p.  606  (Not  of  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes). 

The  Queensland  specimens  recorded  by  McCulloch  as  Z.  seitiidoliatii^ 
differ  from  that  species  in  having  a  distinct  membrane  uniting  the  ventral 
spines,  while  the  cephalic  colour-bars  are  less  distinct.  They  are  appar- 
ently referable  to  G.  nuchifasciatus. 

Loc. — Dnnk  Island,  Queensland,  and  Masthead  Island,  off  Port  Curtis, 
Queensland.      Guiither's  specimens  were  collected  at  Bowen,  Queensland. 

(GOBIUS)   LIDWILLI,   MrCvllocJl. 

(Gohius)  lidwIUi,  McCulloch,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  xi.  7,  1017,  p.  185,  pi. 
xxxi.,  fig.  2. 

Loc. — Near  Sydney. 

[GoBius]  BiFRENATUS,  Kuer. 

Gohius  bifrenatus,  Kner,  Reise  "  Novara,"  Zool.,  i.,  1865,  p.  177,  pi.  vii., 
fig.  3.  Id.,  Klunzinger,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p. 
383.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  597. 
Id.,  Ogilby,  Cat.  Fish.  N.S.Wales,  1886,  p.  35.  Id.,  Lucas,  Proc. 
Roy.  Soc.  Vict.  (2),  ii.,  1890,  p.  28.  Id.,  Waite,  Mem.  N.S.Wales 
Nat.  Club,  ii.,  1904,  p.  46. 

Gohius  hassensis,  Castelnau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  i.,  1872,  p.  123. 

Gohius  caudatus,  Castelnau,  Ihid.,  ii.,  1873,  p.  47.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  600.  Id.,  Lucas,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc. 
Vict.  (2),  ii.,  1890,  p.  29. 

D.  vi/11  ;  A.  11 ;  P.  17  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Scales  in  about  37  rows 
between  the  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  about  12 
between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  5"1  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  4  in  the  same. 
Eye  46  in  the  head  ;  interocular  space  2*8  in  the  eye.  Snout  38,  depth 
of  caudal  peduncle  2"1  in  the  head. 

Head  naked,  swollen,  with  the  usual  preopercular,  nuchal,  occipital 
and  rostral  pores  ;  rows  of  minute  pores  on  the  cheeks  and  opercles,  man- 
dible, snout,  occiput  and  shoulders.  Eyes  of  moderate  size,  cutting  the 
dorsal  profile,  and  separated  by  a  narrow  bony  ridge.  Snout  convex,  a 
little  longer  than  the  eye.  Mouth  oblique,  maxillary  reaching  to  below 
the  middle  of  the  eye ;  mandible  not  projecting  beyond  the  upper  jaw. 
An  outer  row  of  enlaiged  teeth  in  each  jaw,  some  of  which  are  caniniform  ; 
these  are  followed  bj^  a  band  of  villiform  teeth,  and  an  inner  series  of 
slightly  laiger  teeth  :  palate  and  tongue  toothless.  Tongue  rounded 
anteriorly,  slightly  notched  on  the  median  line.  Gill-opening  very  wide, 
the  isthmus  scarcely  wider  than  the  eye  ;   shouldei-giiille  smooth. 


AUS'l'UAIilAN    <il)l;lIli,K .Mcl'lM,l,(tC)l    AM>    ()t;il,i;V.  24:3 

Body  compressed,  the  breadth  between  the  pectorals  l-i  in  itsdeptli. 
It  is  covered  with  ctenoid  scales  wliich  are  larf^e  and  regtihir  posteriorly, 
but  small  and  irregular  anteriorly.  They  extend  forward  to  above  the 
operculum,  leaving  the  nape  and  pectoral  base  naked  ;  thorax  scaly.  There 
are  approximately  thirty-seven  rows  between  the  upper  base  of  the 
pectoral  and  the  hypuial  joint,  but  the  anterior  scales  are  so  irregular 
that  either  more  or  less  may  be  counted.     Genital  papilla  well  developed. 

First  dorsal  rounded,  the  fourth  and  fifth  rays  longest,  as  long  as  the 
postorbital  poition  of  the  head  ;  second  dorsal  rays  increasing  in  height 
backwards,  the  last  as  long  as  the  head  without  the  operculum,  and 
reaching  to  the  base  of  the  caudal  rays.  Anal  of  similar  form  to  the 
second  dorsal,  commencing  behind  its  second  ray,  and  terminating  slightly 
behind  its  last ;  the  last  ray  is  as  long  as  that  of  the  second  dorsal. 
Pectoral  somewhat  pointed,  its  eleventh  ray  longest,  reaching  to  a  little 
behind  the  vertical  of  the  vent.  Ventrals  completely  united,  not  quite 
reaching  the  vent.  Caudal  elongate,  pointed,  the  median  rays  longer  than 
the  head  and  trunk. 

General  colour  light  green  in  life,  abdomen  white.  Muzzle  and  throat 
greenish-black  ;  a  broad  purplish-black  bar  from  below  the  eye  extends 
obliquely  across  the  opercles  to  the  lower  base  of  the  pectoral,  and  termin- 
ates between  the  pectoral  and  ventral  bases  ;  another  bar  is  situated  in  the 
nuchal  groove,  and  extends  backward  on  the  body  to  below  the  last  dorsal 
spine;  an  interrupted,  curved  bar  commences  behind  the  eye,  and  crosses 
the  cheek  to  behind  the  mouth;  upper  lip  blackish.  An  incomplete  dark 
bar  commences  beneath  the  pectoral,  and  running  downward,  breaks  up 
into  a  row  of  blackish  blotches  above  the  anal  fin.  Many  of  the  scales 
near  the  back  on  the  hinder  part  of  the  body  bear  oblique,  purplish  streaks 
near  their  margins.  Large  opalescent  spots  are  arranged  in  two  irregular 
rows  on  the  anterior  half  of  the  body,  the  base  of  the  pectoral,  thorax,  and 
the  preoperculura.  Dorsal  fins  with  a  broad,  horizontal,  dark  bar  near 
their  bases,  the  remainder  of  the  fins  almost  hyaline  ;  anterior  spines 
tipped  with  orange.  Caudal  dark  green,  with  a  pale  yellowish  border, 
arid  a  lighter  median  area  ;  about  five  broad  purple  bars  cross  the  basal 
half  obliquely,  and  become  broken  up  into  broad  interradial  spots  distally. 
Anal  pale  orange  basal ly,  with  a  broad  greyish  border.  Ventrals  similar 
to  the  anal,  pectoral  greenish-grey. 

Described  from  a  fresh  specimen  142  mm.  long,  secured  by  Mr. 
J.  H.  Wright  at  Sans  Souci,  Botany  Bay.  It  was  caught  in  a  prawn- 
net,  among  sea-grass  (Zostera),  where  the  species  is  not  uncommon.  A 
fine  series  of  seventy  specimens,  ranging  from  28  mm.  in  length,  shows 
that  the  characteristic  markings  of  this  species  are  developed  early  in 
life,  and  vary  but  little.  The  posterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays,  and  the 
median  caudal  rays  are  proportionately  shorter  in  the  younger  examples, 
but  in  all  other  details  they  are  very  similar  to  the  adults. 

Synonymy. — Klunzinger  suggested  the  identity  of  G.  bassensis, 
Castelnau,  and  G.  hifrenatus,  but  counted  about  50  scales  in  the  latter 
species,  whereas  according  to  Castelnau,  there  are  only  38  on  the  lateral 
line.     I  find  them  very  irregular  anteriorly  and  variable  in  number,   but 


244  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

they  appear  to  be  usually  nearer  forty  tliaii  fifty.  We  have  examined  a 
photoofraph  of  the  type  of  G.  caiulatns,  Casteluau,  which  is  preserved  in 
the  Paris  Museum,  and  are  couvinced  that  species  also  is  synonymous 
with  G.  hifrenatus. 

Locs. — Botany  Bay  and  Port  Jackson.  Richmond  River  estuary, 
northern  New  South  Wales.  Eden,  south  coast  of  New  South  Wales. 
Near  the  Yarra  River  mouth,  Hobson  Bay,  Victoria.  Goolwa,  Noarlunga, 
and  near  Adelaide,  South  Australia. 

Hah. — This  species  has  so  far  been  recognised  only  from  New  South 
Wales  and  Victorian  waters.  Many  specimens  lent  for  examination  by 
the  South  Australian  Museum,  prove  the  species  to  be  common  in  the 
estuarine  waters  near  Adelaide  also. 

[GoBius]  SEMIFRENATUS,  Macleay. 

(Plate  xxxiv.,   fig.   2.) 

Gohhis  semifreuatus,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1S81,  p. 
598.  Id.,  Ogilby,  Cat.  Fish.  N.S.Wales,  1886,  p.  35.  Id.,  Waite, 
Mem.  N.S.Wales  Nat.  Club,  ii.,  1904,  p.  46. 

D.  vi/11  ;  A.  12  ;  P.  17  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  17.  About  32  scales  from  above 
the  base  of  the  pectoral  to  the  hypural  joint,  and  about  11  between  the 
anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  almost  5  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  36  in  the 
same.  Eye  4"6  in  the  head,  shorter  than  the  snout.  Interoculai-  space  3 
in  the  eye.      Snout  3'8,  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  23  in  the  head. 

Form  and  structural  details  almost  exactly  similar  to  those  of  ^7. 
hifrenatus,  but  with  the  scales  rather  more  regular  and  somewhat  larger 
anteriorly.  The  posterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays  are  a  little  shorter,  and 
the  caudal  is  less  produced,  the  median  vnya  being  only  0'2  longer  than 
the  head. 

Colour  green,  white  below.  Snout  and  upper  surface  of  the  liead 
with  numerous  small  dark  spois,  which  become  laiger  on  the  nape  ;  a 
broad  incomj)lete  dark  bar  extends  from  below  the  aye,  across  the  opercles 
to  the  lower  base  of  the  pectoral,  and  terminates  between  the  pectoral 
and  ventral  bases;  another  imperfect  bar  is  situated  in  the  nuchal  groove, 
and  ends  in  a  dark  shoulder-spot.  An  incomplete  dark  bar  commences 
behind  the  pectoral  and  becomes  confused  with  a  row  of  seven  or  eight 
dark  blotches  on  the  lower  portion  of  the  sides,  which  are  correlated 
with  some  irregular  transverse  bars  on  the  body.  Many  scales  on  the 
anterior  parts  of  the  sides  with  opalescent  sj)ots.  Dorsal  fins  with  series 
of  grey  spots  forming  oblique  rows  which  run  forward  and  upward  ;  a 
broad  light  margin  to  each  fin.  Caudal  with  small  dark,  light-edged 
spots  between  tlie  i-ays  near  the  base;  rarely  these  coalesce  to  form  a 
broad  bar  at  the  extreme  base.     Anal  and  ventral  dusky. 

Described  and  figured  fioni  a  si)ecimen  113  mm.  long. 


AUSTI;A1-1.\N    (KII'.llD.K McClII,LOCII    AN'1>    OdIM'.V.  245 

A  series  of  thirty-six  specimens,  52-113  mm.  loiif^,  iiicliulin^  ^lac- 
leay's  types,  indicates  tliat  0.  semifrenatus  may  be  distingiiished  from  (I. 
bifreiiittits  by  ceitaiii  differences  in  the  cohjiir-marking.  (!.  hifromtuH  has 
well  detinetl  bridle-marks,  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  head  without 
spots;  body  without  cross-bars;  doi'sal  tins  longitudinally  banded,  and 
the  caudal  witli  broad  bars.  In  (}.  seniifn'juttus  the  bridle-marks  ai-e  less 
definite,  and  the  head  is  distinctly  spotted  above;  body  with  cross-bars; 
dorsal  tins  with  oblique  rows  of  grey  s{)ols,  and  the  caudal  with  small 
interradial  spots.  The  two  species  are  very  similar  in  structure,  differ- 
ing only  in  the  form  of  the  caudal  fin,  and  in  the  disposition  of  the 
anterior  scales.  They  have  been  captured  together  in  a  prawn-net  at  Sans 
Souci,  Botany  Bay,  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Wriglit,  but  as  the  two  forms  of  colour- 
marking  do  not  appear  to  be  correlated  with  either  growth  or  sex,  we 
regard  tliem  as  representing  distinct  species. 

Lors. — Specimens  are  in  the  Australian  Museum  from  Port  Jackson 
and  Botany  Bay,  New  South  Wales. 

Uah. — New  South  Wales. 

Genus  Rhinogobids,  Gill. 

Bhinognhim,  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  1859,  p.  145  (R.  siniilix, 
Gill). 

Body  robust,  compressed,  covered  with  large  ctenoid  scales,  which 
become  cycloid  on  the  breast  and  the  base  of  tlie  j)ectoral.  Head  entirely 
naked,  with  lines  of  mucigerous  pores  crossing  the  cheeks  and  opercles, 
and  large  open  pores  above  the  nostrils,  on  the  interorbital  space,  along 
the  nuchal  groove,  and  around  the  preopercnlar  margin.  Snout  obtuse, 
the  profile  convex.  Jaws  subeqnal.  Mouth  a  little  oblique  ;  no  barbies. 
A  band  of  villiform  teeth  in  each  jaw,  and  an  outer  series  of  enlarged 
ones  ;  a  snbcaniniform  tooth  may  be  present  on  each  side  of  the  mandible. 
Tongue  snbtruucate,  and  free  anteriorly.  Gill-openings  lateral,  the 
isthmus  broad.  Exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Pseudo- 
bi'anchise  present.  Gill-rakers  short  and  tliick,  about  five  on  the  lower 
limb  of  the  first  arch.  Dorsal  fins  short,  with  about  six  spines  and  ten 
rays;  anal  similar  to  the  soft  dorsal.  Pectorals  rounded,  without  free 
I'ays.  Ventrals  large,  united,  with  a  broad  basal  membrane  ;  they  have 
one  spine  and  five  rays.      Caudal  rounded. 

The  above  definition  is  based  upon  li.  nehidosas,  Forskal,  and  A'. 
leftwitclii,  Ogilby. 

Key  to  the  Australian  species. 

a.  Eye  larger ;   three  large  dark  lateral  blotches,  scales  without  dark  borders 

nebulosus. 

aa.  Eye  smaller;  five  smaller  lateral  blotches,  scales  with  iliirk  borders leflwitchi. 

Rhinogobids  nebulosus,  Vorslcal. 

Gohius  nebulosiis,  Forskal,  Descr.  Anim.,  1775,  p.  24.  /(?.,  Bloch  and 
Schneider,  Syst.  Ichth.,  1801,  p.  72.  Id.,  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes, 
Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1837,  p.  84. 


246  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MDSEDM. 

Gohius  criniger,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Ihid.,  p.  82.  It?.,  Ricliardson, 
Ichtl).  "Erebus  &  Terror."  1844,  p.  2,  pi.  i.,  figs.  3-4.  Id.,  Cantor, 
Cat.  Malaj'.  Fish.,  1850,  p.  184.  Id.,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind., 
'  iii.,  1852,  p.  453.  Id.,  Giinther,  Cat.  Fisli.  Brit.  Mus.,  iii.,  1861,  p. 
29.  Id.,  Day,  Fish.  Malabar,  1865,  p.  Ill,  and  Fish.  India,  1876,  p. 
288,  pi.  xlii.,  fig.  2.  Id.,  Allejne  &  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S. 
Wales,  i.,  1877,  p.  330.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales, 
ii.,  1878,  p.  356,  and  v.,  1881,  p.  595.  Id.,  Weber,  "  Siboga  "  Eiped., 
Ivii.,  1913,  p.  461. 

Gohius  hrevifilis,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1837,  p. 
90.  Id.,  Day,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1867,  p.  940.  Id.,  Gunther,  Fische 
Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  176,  pi.  cviii.,  fig.  g.  Id.,  Sauvage,  Hist.  Madag., 
xvi.,  1891,  pi.  xli.,  fig.  2. 

Gohius  caniuus  var.  africanus,  Playfair,  Fish.  Zanzibar.,  1866,  p.  71,  pi. 
ix.,   fig.  1. 

Gohius  caninus  (var.  africanus),  Steindachner,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien, 
Ivi.  i.,  1867,  p.  313  (not  (t.  caninus,  Cuv.   &  Val.). 

Gohius  anchenotaenia,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ii.,  1867,  p.  415, 
and  in  Pollen  &  van  Dam,  Faun.  Madag.,  iii.,  1874,  p.  56,  pi.  xviii., 
fig.  1.     Id.,  Sauvage,  Hist.  Madag.,  xvi.,  1891,  pi.  xxxix.,  fig.  3. 

Gtenogohius  criniger,  Bleeker,  Ai'ch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  xiii.,  1878,  p.  54. 

Gohius  festiv us,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  687. 

Coryphopterus  criniger,  Seale,  Occ.  Pap.  Bishop  Mus.,  iv.,  1906,  p.  84. 

Bhinogohius  nehulosus,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906, 
p.  401.  Id.,  Jordan  &  Richardson,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxvii., 
1908,  p.  276,  and  Check  List  Fish.  Philipp.  Is.,  1910,  p.  47. 

Rhinogohius  lungi,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxvi.,  1907, 
p.  41,  fig.  13. 

D.  v(vi)/10;  A.  10;  P.  18;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  13.  31  rows  oF  scales  be- 
tween the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  13 
between  the  antei'ior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  4'3  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint,  liead  3"1  in  the  same. 
Orbit  3"5  in  the  head,  longer  than  the  snout,  which  is  4"1  in  the  head  ; 
interorbital  width  3*5  in  the  orbit.  Breadth  between  the  pectoral  bases 
1'2  in  the  depth.  Depth  of  the  caudal  jieduncle  2-5  in  the  head.  Third 
dorsal  spine  1"3,  third  dorsal  ray  2-1,  and  the  penultimate  anal  ray  2'08 
in  the  head  ;   pectoral  1-5,  and  caudal  1"3  in  the  head. 

Head  naked;  cheeks  and  operculum  with  many  rows  of  mucigerous 
pores,  which  also  extend  onto  the  snout,  nape  and  mandible  ;  larger  open 
pores  are  present  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head,  along  tlie  nuchal 
groove  and  around  tlie  preopercular  border.  Eyes  large,  separated  by  a 
narrow,  concave  interorbital  space.  Snout  forming  a  convex  curve  and 
broadly  rounded  anteriorly  ;  anterior  nostril  in  a  short  tube,  the  posterior 
a  simple  opening.  Mouth  oblique,  jaws  equal,  the  maxilla  reaching  to 
below  the  anterior  fourth  of  the  eye.  A  band  of  villiform  teeth  in  each 
jaw,  and  an  outer  row  of  enlarged  subulate  ones  anterioily,  which   extend 


AUSTK'ALIAN    (lOI'.lin.K McCri,l,0('lI    AND    (m;II,|;V.  247 

onto  the  sides  ajul  decrease  in  size  backwards  in  tlie  pi-etnaxillarios  ;  no 
true  canines.  Tonj^i'ue  subtruncate  and  fi-ee  anterioil}'.  (Iill-openin<ifs 
lateral,  separated  by  a  wide  istlunus  ;  exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle 
forming  a  curved  smooth  ridge. 

Body  ratlier  stout,  compressed.  It  is  covered  with  lai-ge,  strongly 
ctenoid  scales,  which  are  reduced  and  rudinientaiy  befoie  the  dorsal  fin, 
and  leave  the  nape  and  portion  of  the  neck  baie  ;  they  are  cycloid  and 
small  on  the  breast  and  bases  of  the  pectorals.  (Jenilal  pa[)illa  well 
developed. 

First  dorsal  originating  above  the  anterior  portion  of  the  pectoial  ; 
the  second  and  third  spines  are  filiform  and  free  terminally,  and  reach 
vpell  beyond  the  anterior  i-ay  when  adpressed.  Margin  of  the  second 
doi'sal  straight,  rounded  posteriorly;  the  rays  are  subeqnal  iji  height,  and 
the  posterior  ones  do  not  reach  the  caudal  when  adpi'essed.  Anal  similar 
to  the  soft  dorsal,  the  rays  increasing  sliglitly  in  lengtli  to  the  penultimate. 
Pectoral  rounded,  not  quite  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  anterior  dorsal 
ray.  Ventrals  united,  reaching  the  vent,  with  a  broad  basal  membrane. 
Caudal  rounded. 

Colour-tnarlcing. — Light  brown  in  alcohol,  lighter  below,  with  large 
well-defined,  blackish-brown  spots  on  the  back  and  sides  ;  a  large  spot  is 
beneath  the  pectoral  below  the  posterior  dorsal  spines,  another  below  the 
hinder  part  of  tlie  soft  dorsal,  and  one  at  the  base  of  the  tail ;  a  paired 
series  crosses  the  nape,  another  before  the  dorsal  fin,  six  cross  the  back 
and  sides  near  the  hinder  part  of  the  spinous  dorsal,  a  pair  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  soft  dorsal,  one  behind  the  last  ray,  and  a  small  one  near 
the  caudal  base  ;  in  addition  there  are  numerous  intermediate  lighter  and 
smaller  spots  on  the  upper  half  of  the  body.  A  dark  bar  from  the  orbit 
to  the  mouth,  and  a  lai-ger  one  from  behind  the  eye  to  behind  the  angle  of 
the  month.  Operculum  and  base  of  the  pectoral  with  several  large 
blotches.  First  dorsal  with  a  median  row  of  blackish  spots,  its  outer 
portion  dusky,  and  the  ends  of  the  spines  black.  Second  dorsal  with 
three  irregular  rows  of  blackish,  liglit-edged  ocelli  between  the  rays,  and 
a  black  margin.  Caudal  with  about  five  rows  of  similar  ocelli,  and  a  dark 
border.      Anal  with  a  black  border. 

Described  from  a  specimen  99  mm.  long,  from  Port  Darwin,  which 
is  unusual  in  having  only  five  instead  of  six  dorsal  spines. 

Variation. — Thirty-two  specimens  30-117  mm.  long,  pi'ove  the  mark- 
ings of  this  species  to  be  very  constant  in  disposition  though  variable  in 
their  intensity  ;  the  dark  borders  of  the  vertical  fins  may  be  absent, 
especially  in  young  specimens,  and  that  of  the  anal  is  replaced  by  a  median 
dark  band  in  some  of  our  younger  examples.  The  filaments  of  the  dorsal 
spines  vary  in  length,  and  may  be  longer  in  young  specimens  than  in  those 
of  larger  size,  while  they  are  occasionally  scarcely  developed. 

Synonymy. — Four  cotypes  of  GoLius  festivus,  De  Vis,  agree  with  their 
description  in  the  more  obvious  characters,  but  prove  it  to  be  inaccurate 
in  various  details.  The  upper  pectoral  rays  are  not  free  or  silky,  and  the 
scales  do  not  extend  forward  to  the  orbit  on  the  sides  of  the  neck.     The 


248  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

maxilla  reaches  to  below  the  anterior  portion  of  the  eye  instead  of  nearly 
to  the  middle,  and  the  first  dorsal  is  not  lower  than  the  second.  They 
are  similar  in  all  details  to  an  Indian  example  identified  by  Dr.  Day  as 
6r.  criniger,  which  is  synonj^mous  with  B.  nebidosus. 

Lors. — We  have  examined  specimens  from  the  following^  localities. 
Shark  Bay,  West  Australia.  Port  Darwin,  North  Australia.  Sweers 
Island,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria  ;  coll.  Hedley.  Cape  York,  North  Queensland  ; 
cotypes  of  (r.  festivus.  Thursday  Island,  Torres  Strait  ;  coll.  Hedley  & 
McCulloch.  Darnley  Island,  Torres  Strait;  coll.  Dr.  J.  R.  Tosh.  New 
Hebrides.     Madras,  India  ;  Dr.  Day's  collection. 

Distribution. — Red  Sea,  Zanzibar,  and  Madagascar,  through  the 
Malayan  Aichipelago  to  the  Pacific ;  Northern  Australia.  Bleeker^'^ 
identified  a  Tasmanian  fish  as  (L  criniijer,  but  this  species  does  not  occur 
so  far  south. 

RhINOGOBIDS    LEFTWITCHI,    Oijillilj. 

(Plate  xxxiv.,  fig.   3.) 

Rliinocjuhius  lefttritchi,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  xxiii.,  1910,  p.  24. 

D.  vi/10  ;  A.  10  ;  P.  17  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  13.  30  scales  between  the  axil 
and  the  liypural  joint,  and  eleven  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal 
rays. 

Depth  before  the  ventrals  4-4?  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint  ; 
head  3'5  in  the  same.  Eye  equal  to  the  length  of  the  snout,  3'6  in  the 
head  ;  interorbital  space  2'6  in  the  eye.  Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle 
2'5  in  the  head.      Breadth  before  the  pectoral  bases  1"4  in  the  depth. 

Head  a  little  deeper  than  broad,  entirely  naked.  Clieeks  and  oper- 
culum with  many  rows  of  mucigerous  pores,  ari'anged  as  shown  in  the 
figure  ;  large  open  pores  are  present  on  the  interorbital  space,  along  the 
nuchal  groove,  and  around  the  preopercular  border.  Ej'es  smaller  than 
in  li.  uehulosus,  separated  by  a  narrow  interorbital  space.  Snout  obtuse, 
and  broadly  rounded  ;  anterior  nostril  in  a  short  tube  near  the  upper  lip, 
the  posterior  a  simple  opening  near  the  ej^e.  Mouth  oblique,  the  maxilla 
reaching  to  below  the  anterior  border  of  the  eye  ;  the  mandible  slightl}- 
longer  than  the  upper  jaw.  A  band  of  villiform  teeth  in  each  jaw,  and 
an  outer  row  of  enlaiged  ones  in  the  premaxillaries,  which  increase  in  size 
backwards  ;  a  small  canine  on  each  side  of  the  mandible,  between  which 
is  an  outer  enlarged  row  of  teeth.  Tongue  subtruncate,  and  free  anteri- 
orly. Gill-openings  lateral,  separated  by  a  broad  isthmus;  exposed  edge 
of  the  shoulder-girdle  smooth. 

Body  rather  stout,  compressed,  and  covered  with  lai-ge  ctenoid  scales, 
wliich  become  C3'cloid  on  the  breast  and  the  base  of  the  pectoi-al  fin  ;  they 
extend  forward  to  a  short  distance  before  the  dorsal  fin  and  the  shoulder, 
but  leave  the  nape  and  neck  bare.     Genital  papilla  well  developed. 


"  Bleeker — Verb.  Akad.  Aiustenliuu.  ii.,  1S55,  p.  12. 


ATSTKALIAN    (iOIillli-T: McCrt,I,0('ll    A\l>    ()(!ir,l!Y.  249 

First  dorsal  orit^inating  over  tlie  anterior  lialf  of  the  pectorals  ;  tlie 
four  anterior  spines  are  soniewliat  filanientoiis,  bat  reach  only  as  far  as 
the  second  ray  wlien  adpressed  ;  tlio  nienibi-ane  from  the  last  does  not 
reach  the  second  dorsal.  Dorsal  rays  subequal  in  length,  the  margin  of 
the  fin  a  little  rounded.  Anal  originating  and  terminating  a  little  behind 
the  second  dorsal,  its  rays  increasing  gradually  in  length  backwards. 
Pectoral  broadly  rounded,  its  middle  rays  not  quite  reaching  the  vertical 
of  the  anterior  dorsal  ray  ;  no  free  upper  rays.  Ventials  large,  almost 
reaching  to  the  vent,  and  a  little  loTiger  tlian  the  pectoral,  the  basal 
membrane  well  developed.     Caudal  rounded. 

Colonr-markinr/. — Light  coloured  in  alcohol,  each  scale  of  the  back 
and  sides  with  an  inframarginal  dark  brown  angular  mark.  About  seven 
rather  indefinite  bands  across  the  back,  between  the  nape  and  the  caudal 
fin,  and  there  is  a  median  row  of  five  dark  spots  between  the  pectoral  and 
the  hypural  joint.  Upper  surface  of  the  head  and  nape  spotted  and 
vermicnlated  with  bi'own  ;  an  indistinct  violaceous  band  extends  downward 
from  the  eye  to  the  angle  of  the  mouth,  and  some  indistinct  bars  on  the 
cheeks  terminate  in  two  darker  stripes  on  the  bases  of  the  pectorals.  Fins 
hyaline  ;  first  dorsal  with  a  longitudinal  row  of  grey  spots  near  the  base, 
the  remainder  dusky  ;  the  anterior  spine  annulated  with  darker  spots. 
Second  dorsal  with  many  oblique  rows  of  grey  spots,  the  anterior  ray  with 
darker  annulations,  and  the  fin  has  a  broad  lighter  margin.  Anal  with  a 
dusky  border,  and  some  dark  spots  between  tlie  hinder  rays.  Caudal 
with  some  light  grey  spots  ;  pectoi'als  and  ventrals  plain,  the  latter 
somewhat  dusky. 

Described  and  figured  from  an  example  66  mm.  long,  from  the  typical 
locality. 

This  species  is  very  similar  in  all  its  structural  details  to  B.  nebu- 
losus,  bat  differs  in  its  colour-marking,  and  in  having  a  much  smaller  eye. 
This  is  equal  to  the  length  of  the  snout  in  B.  leftivichi,  but  is  much  longer 
than  it  in  specimens  of  B.  nehalosus  of  the  same  size  as  the  example 
described  above. 

Loc. — Great  Sandy  Strait,  Queensland, 

(GOBIDS)  NEOPHYTDS,   Onnther. 

Gobius  neophytns,  Gunther,  Fische  Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  174,  pi.  cviii.,  fig.  e. 
Bhinpgobius  neophytus,  Jordan   &   Scale,   Bull.    U.S.    Fish.    Bureau,  xxv., 

1906,  p.  400,  pi.   xxxvii.,   fig.  2.     Id.,   McCulloch,   Proc.   Linn.   Soc. 

N.S.Wales,  xxxvi.,  1911,  p.  423. 

Loc. — Murray  Island,  Torres  Strait. 

(GoBins)  LATERALIS,  Macleiiy. 

var.  oiiLiQUUS,  var.  nov. 

(Plate  xxxiv.,  fig.   4.) 

Gobius  lateralis,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  602. 
Bhhioqoliins   lateral  Is,   McCulloch   and    Waite,    Rec.    S.Austr.   Mus.,   i.    1, 
1918,  p.  48,  pi.  ii.,  fig.  3. 


250  RECORDS    OP    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

This  variety  appears  to  be  quite  similar  to  G.  lateralis,  Macleay,  from 
Southern  Australia,  in  both  form  and  the  disposition  of  its  colour-marking, 
but  the  large  dark  lateral  spots  are  always  elongate  and  disposed  obliquely 
in  examples  from  near  Sydney,  instead  of  being  rounded.  Local  examples 
exhibit  the  same  variation  in  the  relative  lengths  of  their  dorsal  and  anal 
rays  as  noted  in  South  Australian  specimens. 

The  specimen  figured  is  56  mm.  long.  Not  being  full-grown,  its  fin- 
rays  are  shorter  than  in  older  examples,  but  it  exhibits  the  chaiactenstic 
marking  of  the  variety. 

Locs. — Parramatta  River  estuary  and  Rose  Bay,  Port  Jackson.  Lake 
Illawarra,  New  South  Wales.  A  single  example  in  the  old  collection  of 
the  Australian  Museum  is  said  to  have  been  obtained  at  Lord  Howe 
Island. 

Genus   Waitea,   Jardaii  and  Seide. 

Waitea  maxillakis,  Macleay. 

(Plate  XXXV.,  fig.  3.) 

Gohius  maxillaris,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ii.,  1878,  p.   357, 
pi.  ix.,  fig.  2. 

D.  vi/11  ;  A.  10  ;  P.  17  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Scales  about  43  ;  1.  tr.  16. 
Depth  4"1  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  3  in  the  same.  Orbit 
(not  eye)  3*1  in  the  head  ;  interorbital  width  5"2,  snout  16  in  the  orbit. 
Depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2" 5  in  the  head. 

Head  apparently  naked,  showing  no  mucous  system,  and  onl}-  the 
usual  preopercular,  nuchal,  occipital  and  rostral  pores.  Eye  of  moderate 
size,  the  orbit  cutting  the  profile  ;  interorbital  space  very  narrow,  less 
than  one-fifth  the  width  of  the  orbit.  Snout  shorter  than  the  orbit,  its 
profile  very  oblique.  Anterior  nostril  with  dermal  margins,  the  posterior 
a  lai'ge  open  pore.  Maxillary  slender,  produced  backwai-d  towai'ds  the 
preopercular  angle ;  mandible  piojecting  beyond  the  premaxillaries. 
Teeth  in  a  villiform  band  in  each  jaw,  premaxillaries  with  an  outer 
row  of  enlarged,  cardifoimi,  curved,  movable  teeth  ;  mandibular  teeth 
ending  on  each  side  in  two  or  three  small,  fixed  canines :  palate  and 
tongue  toothless.     Tongue  truncate  anteriorly. 

Body  compressed,  covered  with  strongly  cteiioid  scales  of  moderate 
size,  which  extend  forward  to  above  the  pectoral  base  and  on  the  thorax  ; 
the  area  before  the  dorsal  fin  and  the  base  of  the  pectoral  are  now  naked, 
but  may  have  been  scaly  in  life.     A  small  genital  papilla. 

First  dorsal  originating  just  behind  the  pectoi"al,  its  spines  iilamentous; 
the  first  is  a  little  longer  than  the  head,  the  following  shorter  ami 
deci-easing  backwards.  Second  doi-sal  increasing  in  height  backAvard  to 
the  penultimate  ray,  which  is  as  long  as  the  head  without  the  opeT'culnm. 
Anal  originating  a  little  behind  the  second  dorsal  and  terminating  in 
advance  of  it ;  it  is  of  similar  form  to  that  fin,  and  but  little  lower. 
Pectoral  without  free  rays,  I'ounded,  and  reaching  to  above  the  second 
anal  ray.  Ventrals  large,  inserted  a  little  before  the  pectorals,  and  almost 
reaching  the  anal.      Caudal  iipparenlly  lounded. 


AL'Sl'K'AMAN    (i(il;l  I  H.K .\lc  CtM.I.OCII    AN'li    (iilll.KV.  251 

'I'lii-  t'oldiir  is  c'oinj)K'tL>ly  fadt'tl  in  the  typo.  Aiicoi'dinp^  to  Macleay, 
it  was  pale  reildisli  or  yellowish  hiown,  with  a  few  indistinct  cross-bars  of 
a  deeper  brown  ;  tins  of  a  bhickisli  tijige  without  spots  ;  opercles  dotted 
witli  minute  spots. 

Described  and  figured  from  tlie  typical  and  unique  example  preserved 
in  the  Macleay  Museum,  which  is  ()5  mm.  long.  It  is  very  dilajjidated,  so 
tlie  forms  of  the  caudal  and  pectoral  tins  and  the  extent  of  the  squamation 
may  not  be  accurate  in  our  figure.      It  is  apparently  a  species  of  Wnitea. 

hoc. — Port  Darwin. 

A.MiiLYiioiiius,   lileeker. 

A)iibli/ijoliii(i',  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  322  (Gobias 
nj^ilnjii.v,   Cuv.  &  Val.). 

OJo)it(itj(>biiift,  Bleeker,  Ibid.,  p.  823  (Gobias  byiwensis,  Rich.). 

Body  of  moderate  breadtli,  compressed.  Scales  rather  small,  mostly 
ctenoid  but  cycloid  anteriorly,  covering  the  breast  and  base  of  the  pectoral ; 
a  few  imperfect  scales  ou  the  upper  part  of  the  operculum.  Head  with 
fine  rows  of  mucigerous  papillae.  Snout  somewhat  tumid,  jaws  subequal. 
Mouth  moderate,  a  little  oblique  ;  no  barbies.  An  outer  row  of  larger  teeth 
in  each  jaw  anteriorly,  followed  by  an  inner  series  of  smaller  ones;  large 
canines  on  the  sides  of  the  mandible  ;  palate  toothless.  Tongue  subtrun- 
cate  anteriorly,  its  tip  free.  Gill-openings  broad,  separated  by  a  wide 
isthmus  ;  shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Pseudobranchite  present  ;  gill-rakers 
few,  and  obsolete  ou  the  outer  anterior  margin  of  the  first  arch.  Dorsals 
almost  contiguous,  with  about  vi/15  rays ;  anal  opposite  and  of  similar 
form  to  the  second  dorsal,  with  about  15  rays.  Ventrals  lai"ge,  uuited, 
with  i/5  rays.     Caudal  rounded. 

a.  Ventrals  not  reaching  the  vent  in  adults.     Caudal  fin  plain  ;  cross-bands  of  body 
ill  defined bynoensis. 

aa.   Ventrals  reaching  to  or  beyond  tlie  vent  in  adults.     Caudal  fin  with  one  or  more 
dark  spots  ;  cross-bands  of  body  well  defined phalaena. 

Amblygobius  bynoensis,  Richardson,. 

(Plate  XXXV.,  fig.  2.) 

Gobius  bynoensis,  Richai'dson,  Ichth.  "  Ereb.  &  Terr.,"  1844,  p.  1,  pi.  i., 
figs.  1-2.  Id.,  Giiuther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  70.  Id., 
Steindachner,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wieu.,  Ivi.  i.,  1867,  p.  314.  Id., 
Giiuther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (3),  xx.,  1867,  p.  61.  Id.,  Peters, 
Monatsbr.  Akad.  Wiss.  Berlin,  1868,  p.  266.  Id.,  Day,  Fish.  India, 
1876,  p.  284,  pi.  Ixi.,  fig.  3.  Id.,  Klunzinger,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss. 
Wieu,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p.  382.  Id.,  Giiuther,  "  Challenger "  Rept., 
Zool.,  i.,  1880,  p.  44.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn,  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v., 
1881,  p.  607.     Id.,  Weber,  Zool.  Forschr.  Austr.,  v.,  1895,  p.  269. 

Gobius  stethophthalinus,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijdschr.  Ned.  Ind.,  i.,  1851,  p.  249, 
fiff.  17. 


252  r.ECORDs  ok  the  austualian  museum. 

Odontogohius  htjuoensis,  Bleeker,  Ai'cli.  Neei"l.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874  (fide  Day). 

Apocryptes  l'nie(itH>i,  Alleyne   &  Macleaj',   Proc.    Linn.   Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i., 
1877,  p.  332,  pi.  xii.,  fig.  3.     Id.,  Macleay,  hoc.  cit.,  v.,  1881,  p.  611. 

Apocryptes  hivittatus,  Macleay,  Loc.  cit.,  ii.,  1878,  p.  357,  pi.  ix.,  fig.  5,  and 
v.,  1881,  p.  611. 

Amhlytjohiiiii  hynoensis,  Jordan  &  Richardson,  Check  List  Fish.  Philippine 
Arch.,  1910,  p.  49.     Id.,  Weber,  "  Siboga  "  Exped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  472. 

D.  vi/15  ;  A.  16  ;  P.  18  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  64  scales  between  the  upper 
base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  about  26  between  the 
anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  45  in  the  length  to  the  hypui'al  joint  ;  head  37  in  the  same. 
Eye  4'3  in  the  head,  1*3  in  the  snout,  which  is  3*2  in  the  head  ;  iuterorbital 
space  1"2  in  the  eye.  Depth  of  caudal  peduncle  1*9,  and  caudal  fin  1*1  in 
the  head.  Breadth  at  the  bases  of  the  pectorals  1-3  in  the  depth  of  the 
body. 

Head  almost  naked,  a  few  rudimentary  scales  on  the  upper  portion  of 
the  operculum.  A  few  low  ridges  of  mucigei^ous  papillae ;  rows  of  large 
open  pores  behind  the  preoperculum  and  above  the  operculum.  Eyes  of 
moderate  size,  separated  by  a  rather  broad,  slightly  convex  iuterorbital 
space.  Upper  profile  of  the  head  and  snout  forming  a  convex  curve. 
Anterior  nostril  in  a  short  tube  near  the  middle  of  the  snout,  the  posterior 
a  simple  opening  nearer  the  eye.  Mouth  a  little  oblique,  maxilla  reaching 
back  to  below  the  anterior  margin  of  the  eye;  jaws  subequal.  Premaxil- 
laries  with  several  lai'ger  curved  teeth  on  each  side  anteriorly,  followed  by 
a  row  of  small  ones  which  increase  in  size  and  become  biserial  backwai'ds. 
Mandible  with  an  outer  i^ow  of  larger  curved  teeth,  and  one  or  two  curved 
canines  on  each  side  ;  behind  tliese  is  a  double  row  of  small  teeth  which 
become  uuiserial  on  the  sides.  Palate  toothless.  Tongue  subtruncate 
anteriorly,  its  tip  free.  Gill-openings  separated  by  a  wide  interspace  ; 
exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle  smooth. 

Body  leather  broad,  compressed.  It  is  covered  with  rather  small 
scales  which  extend  forward  to  behind  the  eyes,  and  cover  the  breast  and 
base  of  the  pectoral ;  they  are  mostly  ctenoid,  but  are  cycloid  anteriorly 
and  on  the  abdomen.     A  minute  genital  papilla. 

First  dorsal  fin  commencing  behind  the  vertical  of  the  pectoral  base  ; 
the  spines  increase  in  length  to  the  fifth,  and  the  membrane  fn)m  the  last 
touches  the  base  of  the  first  ray.  Dorsal  rays  subequal  in  lengtli,  the 
posterior  ones  forming  a  pointed  lobe  which  overlaps  the  caudal  base. 
Anal  of  similar  form  to  the  second  dorsal,  the  rays  increasing  slightly  in 
length  backwai'ds.  Pectoral  rounded,  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  first 
dorsal  ray.  Ventrals  inserted  slightly  before  the  pectorals,  completely 
united,  and  reaching  three-fourths  of  their  distance  fi'om  the  vent.  Caudal 
broadly  rounded. 

CoJour-murJiitn/. — A  broad  dark  band  commences  on  the  snout,  and 
extends  backward  to  below  the  anterior  dorsal  rays ;  a  second  extends 
fx'om  behind  the  nuiutli    acioss   the  opercles   to    the    pectoral    base,  and   is 


aosi'i;ai,ia\  (ioiiiiii.v: — .mcci^llucii  anh  (m;ii,i;v.  253 

lost-  bi'liiiul  tliat.  liii.  AI)out  sovun  cn).ss-l)aiul.s  (U'sct'iid  troiii  (Ik;  back 
below  tlie  doi'sal  tins,  tlio  auti'iior  ones  beinpf  narrower  and  connecting 
witli  tlie  longitudinal  band.  A  lai'ge  dark  spot  at  the  base  of  the  tail. 
Upper  surface  of  tlie  liead  and  neck  witli  paired  rows  of  large  dai-k-edged 
ocelli,  and  there  are  some  light  lines  bordeiiiig  the  darker  bands  on  the 
head.  Upper  anterior  portion  of  the  body  with  some  silvery  dots  between 
the  dark  bands.  First  dorsal  with  a  laige  dark  blotch  on  the  basal  por- 
tions of  the  third  to  the  fifth  dorsal  spines,  and  another  on  the  sixth  ;  the 
fin  has  a  broad  dark  margin,  and  there  are  some  cloudy  markings  on  the 
membrane.  Soft  doi'sal  Avitli  four  large  dark  blotches  corresponding  to 
the  body-bai-s,  and  a  broad  grey  margin,  between  which  are  several  rows 
of  cloudy  spots  between  the  rays.  Anal  with  a  broad  grey  margin,  the 
other  fins  plain. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  beautifully  preserved  specimen,  02  mm. 
long,  from  Queensland.  Some  details  of  the  colour-marking  are  supple- 
mented with  notes  fi'om  other  specimens.  The  mai'kings  are  apparently 
subject  to  some  little  variation,  and  but  few  examples  exhibit  all  those 
illustrated. 

Stjiionynn/. — The  cotypes  of  Apocryptes  lineatus,  Alleyne  &  Macleay, 
are  quite  similar  in  all  details  to  the  specimen  described  above.  The  co- 
types  of  A.  hlvittatiis,  Macleay,  are  largely  bleached,  but  retain  traces  of 
the  characteristic  markings  of  A.  hynoeusis,  with  which  they  are  evidently 
identical. 

Locs. — Queensland  ;  figured  specimen.  Palm  Islands,  Queensland. 
Cape  Gi-enville,  Queensland  ;  cotypes  of  xi.  lineatus.  Thursday  Island, 
Torres  Strait ;  coll.  A.  R.  McCulloch.  Port  Darwin,  Northern  Territory  ; 
cotypes  of  A.  hivittatus.     Malay  Ai^chipelago  ;   Dr.  Day's  collection. 

Amblygobius  pualaena,  Cnvier  ^-  Valenciennes. 
(Plate  XXXV.,  fig.  1.) 

Gohius  2>lialaenu,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1887,  p. 
92.  Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  67,  and  Fische 
Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  178,  pi.  cxi.,  fig.  c. 

Amblyyohius  phalaeva,  Jordan  &  Scale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906, 
p.  405.  Id.,  McCulloch,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxxvi.,  1911, 
p.  347.  Id.,  Ogilby,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  ii.,  1913,  p.  90.  Id.,  Webei-, 
"  Siboga  "  Exped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  472.  Id.,  Regan,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc, 
1914,  p.  650. 

Gohius  annidatns,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  6SS. 

D.  vi/15;  A.  15;  P.  19;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  56  rows  of  scales  between 
the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  about  22  between 
the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  3-7  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  3'5  in  the  same. 
Eye  equal  to  the  length  of  the  snout,  and  3*4  in  the  head  ;  interorbital 
width  16  in  the  eye.  Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  1*8,  and  caudal  fiu  1 
in  the  head.  Breadth  at  the  bases  of  the  pectorals  16  in  the  depth  of  the 
body. 


254  KBCOKDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Head  largely  naked,  a  few  small  scales  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
operculum.  Some  hue  rows  of  mucigerous  papillse  are  present  on  the 
cheeks,  opercles,  nape  and  sides  of  the  neck,  which  are  most  striking 
below  the  eye.  Some  large  open  pores  on  the  interorbital  space,  behind 
the  eye  and  the  preopercular  border,  and  above  the  operculum.  Eyes 
separated  by  a  rather  broad  and  almost  flat  interorbital  space.  Anterior 
nostril  in  a  short  tube,  the  posterior  a  simple  opening.  Upper  profile  of 
the  head  and  snout  forming  a  convex  curve.  Mouth  a  little  oblique,  the 
maxilla  reaching  to  below  the  anterior  portion  of  the  eye  ;  jaws  subequal. 
Premaxillaries  with  an  outer  row  of  several  enlarged  teeth  -on  each  side, 
followed  by  an  inner  row  of  small  ones,  which  increase  in  size  and  become 
biserial  backwards.  Mandible  with  an  outer  row  of  curved  teeth  anteriorly 
and  a  large  cui-ved  canine  on  each  side.  Palate  toothless.  Tongue  sub- 
truncate  anteriorly,  its  tip  free.  Gill-openings  separated  by  a  wide 
intei'space  ;   exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle  smooth. 

Body  rather  broad,  compressed.  It  is  covered  with  small  scales 
which  extend  forward  to  behind  the  eyes,  and  cover  the  breast  and  base 
of  the  pectoral  fin  ;  they  are  mostly  ctenoid,  but  are  cycloid  anteriorly 
and  on  the  abdomen.     A  minute  genital  papilla. 

First  dorsal  commencing  behind  the  vertical  of  the  pectoral  base  ; 
the  spines  increase  in  length  to  the  fourth,  which  is  filamentous,  and  the 
membrane  from  the  last  almost  reaches  the  base  of  the  first  ray.  Dorsal 
rays  subequal  in  length,  the  posterior  ones  forming  a  pointed  lobe,  which 
overlaps  the  base  of  the  caudal.  Anal  of  similar  foi'm  to  the  soft  dorsal, 
the  rays  increasing  slightly  in  length  backwards.  Pectoral  narrowly 
rounded,  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  anterior  anal  rays.  Ventrals  large, 
almost  reaching  the  anal  fin.      Caudal  broadly  rounded. 

Colour- marl- tug. — Brown  in  alcohol,  with  five  broad  cross-bands  ;  these 
are  dark  brown  with  blackish  edges,  and  have  nan-ow  light  stripes  border- 
ing them  on  each  side  on  the  lower  portion  of  the  body.  Elongate  dark- 
edged  spots  are  present  on  the  cheeks  and  opercles,  and  a  paired  series  of 
them  extends  from  the  snout  to  the  dorsal  fin.  A  blackish  spot  is  present 
on  the  shoulder,  and  two  dark  stripes  extend  backward  on  the  upper 
anterior  portion  of  the  body.  A  large  blackish  blotch  is  present  on  the 
fifth  to  sixth  dorsal  spines,  and  narrow  dark  lines  extend  obliquely  across 
the  fin.  Jiasal  two-thirds  of  the  second  dorsal  dark  brown,  and  separated 
from  a  dark-edged  marginal  band  by  a  light  interspace.  Anal  dusky, 
nearly  uniform.  Ventrals  with  a  narrow  dark  border.  Pectorals  and 
caudal  pale  yellow,  the  latter  with  a  large  blackish  spot  near  the  upper 
portion  of  its  base,  and  a  dark-edged  light  band  near  the  upper  margin. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  77  mm.  long,  from  Murray 
Island. 

Variation. — Six  other  examples,  26-110  mm.  long,  taken  with  the 
specimen  described,  exhibit  striking  changes  in  their  colour-marking  with 
growth.  The  ybunger  examples  ai-e  light  with  the  cross-bands  represented 
pcincipally  by  narrow  dark  lines  on  the  upper  portion  of  the  body  ;  there 
are  four  interrupted  dark  longitudinal  stripes  on  each  side,  and  rounded 
light  spots  between  the  cross-bands  ;   tlie  soft  dorsal  has  three  dai'k  spots 


AUSTUALIAN    (iOIUIK.l': McCUM.OClI    AND    OOILriY.  255 

on  its  basal  portion,  and  tliere  is  no  marginal  band.  A  specimen  8G  mm. 
long  is  very  similar  to  the  one  illustrated,  but  the  dark  margins  of  the 
cross-bands  have  disappeared  ;  the  caudal  has  three  dai'k  spots,  and  the 
soft  dorsal  has  a  dark  median  stripe  above  which  ai'e  numerous  rounded 
light  spots  in  addition  to  the  markings  illustrated  ;  the  anal  has  a  dark 
longitudinal  stripe  with  light  spots  on  each  side  of  it,  and  a  grey  border. 
The  largest  example  is  very  dark  brown,  which  colour  obscures  most  of 
the  other  marking;  the  pectoral  and  caudal  ai-e  light,  but  the  latter  has  a 
broad  brown  margin,  and  an  inner  dusky  area  with  light  spots. 

A  second  series  of  nine  specimens  from  the  New  Hebrides,  33-115 
mm.  long,  exhibits  a  precisely  similar  range  of  variation. 

Si/)ionij)i)ii. — The  typical  examples  of  <,'.  (uimddtnif,  Ue  Vis,  agree  in 
all  details  with  those  described  above. 

Locs. — Murray  Island,  Torres  Sti'ait ;  coll.  Hedley  &  McCulloch. 
Daruley  Island,  Torres  Sti'ait ;  coll.  Dr.  J.  R.  Tosh.  Cape  York,  Queens- 
land ;  cotypes  of  0.  ((n)iiil(itn>i.  Two  Isles,  off  Cape  Bedford,  Queensland  ; 
coll.  Hedley  &  Briggs.  Masthead  Island,  off  Port  Curtis,  Queensland ; 
coll.  D.  B.  Fry.     New  Hebrides  ;  coll.  Cummins  &  Stevens. 

This  species  has  further  been  recoi'ded  from  Monte  Bello  Islands, 
Western  Australia,  by  Regan. 

(GrORIUS)    MICHOLEPIDOTUS,  Gastehmu. 

Gohius    mirrolepidotus,    Castelnau,    Res.    Fish.    Austr.    (Vict.    Offic.    Rec. 
Philad.  Exhib.),  1875,  p.  20. 

The  very  brief  description  of  this  species  suggests  that  it  is  an 
Amblij gohius,  and  is  perhaps  identical  with  G.  hynoensis. 

Loo. — Cape  York  (Castelnau). 

Genus  Cryptocbntrds  (Ehre)iherg),  Cttvier  ^-  Valenciennes. 

CrYPTOCENTRUS  GOBIOIDES,  Ogill'i/. 

(Plate  xxxvi.,  fig.   1.) 

Gohius  cristatns,   Macleay,    Proc.   Linn.    Soc.   N.S.Wales,    v.,  1881,  p.  610 
(not  of  Day). 

Gohius   (johioides,  Ogilby,   Cat.   Fish.  N.S.Wales,  1886,  p.  35  ;  substitute 
name.     Id.,  Waite,  Mem.  N.S.Wales  Nat.  Club,  ii.,  1904,  p.  46. 

Amhlggohius  gohioides,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  xxiii.,  1910,  p.  25. 

D.  vi/13  ;  A.  12  ;  P.  16  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Scales  very  small,  about  90 
between  the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint. 

Depth  of  the  body  befoi-e  the  ventrals  56  in  the  length  to  the  hypural 
joint;  head  38  in  the  same.  Eye  6  in  the  head,  shortei-  than  the  snout, 
which  is  4"8  in  the  head  ;  interocular  space  15  in  the  eye.  Depth  of 
caudal  peduncle  24  in  the  head.  Bi-eadth  at  the  pectoral  bases  1'3  iu 
the  depth. 


256  RECORDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Head  snbcylindrical,  entirely  naked.  A  low  cntaneons  crest  extends 
from  between  the  posterior  portions  of  the  eyes  almost  to  the  base  of  the 
first  dorsal  spine.  Rows  of  microscopic  mucigerous  papillae  are  present 
on  the  snout,  around  the  month,  across  the  cheeks  and  opercles,  and  on 
the  shoulders.  Open  pores  ai'e  present  on  the  interorbital  space,  above 
the  posterior  nostril,  around  the  eye  and  preoperculum,  and  above  the 
operculum  ;  these  are  arranged  as  shown  in  the  accompanj-ing  illustra- 
tion. Eye  of  moderate  size,  superolateral,  and  broader  than  the  interor- 
bital space,  which  is  flat.  Snout  obtuse,  rounded,  a  little  longer  than  the 
eye.  Anterior  nostril  in  a  short  tube  overhanging  the  lip,  the  posterior 
a  simple  opening  near  the  eye.  Mouth  very  oblique,  the  maxilla  extend- 
ing backward  to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye  ;  mandible  projecting  slightly 
beyond  the  upper  jaw,  the  chin  rounded,  without  barbies.  Premaxillaries 
with  an  outer  series  of  large  conical  teeth,  which  decrease  in  size 
backwards,  and  an  inner  band  of  villiform  teeth,  which  is  broadest 
anteriorly,  and  becomes  narrower  backwards ;  mandible  with  a  strong 
curved  canine  at  each  angle,  between  which  are  some  enlarged  teeth  ;  an 
inner  band  of  villiform  teeth  as  in  the  premaxillaries.  Tongue  free, 
thick,  and  rounded  anteriorly.  Gill-openings  lateral,  much  wider  than 
the  isthmus.  Exposed  edge  of  the  shonlder-girdle  smooth,  without  papilla? ; 
a  pit  at  its  lower  angle. 

Body  compressed,  and  covered  with  minute  concentrically  striated 
cycloid  scales,  which  are  very  irregularly  arranged  ;  they  become  ctenoid 
and  increase  slightly  in  size  backwards  ;  they  extend  forward  only  as  far 
as  the  shoulder,  and  leave  the  breast  and  the  base  of  the  pectoral  naked. 
Vei'tical  series  of  minute  mucigerous  pores  along  the  middle  of  the  body 
represent  the  lateral  line.      Genital  papilla  well  developed. 

First  dorsal  originating  over  the  anterior  third  of  the  pectorals  ;  the 
spines  are  filamentous,  and  increase  in  length  to  the  third,  which  extends 
backward  to  the  base  of  the  fourth  ray  when  adpressed ;  the  sixth  is 
separated  from  the  others  by  a  wider  interspace,  and  its  membrane 
reaches  the  base  of  the  first  ray.  Rays  of  the  second  dorsal  subequal  in 
height,  the  hinder  ones  overlapping  the  base  of  the  caudal ;  the  margin 
of  the  fin  is  sti'aight.  Anal  similar  to  the  second  dorsal,  its  raj's  increasing 
slightly  in  length  backwards.  Pectorals  obtusely  pointed,  the  median 
rays  longest,  and  reaching  beyond  the  vertical  of  the  sixth  dorsal  spine; 
no  free  upper  rays.  Ventrals  inserted  before  the  pecloi-als,  with  a  deep 
basal  membrane,  and  reaching  nearly  two-thirds  of  their  distance  from 
the  vent.      Caudal  obtusely  pointed. 

Colour -marl- ill  (J. — Brown  in  alcohol,  the  head  and  body  closel}-  spotted 
with  darker  spots,  which  become  linear  on  the  lower  portion  of  the 
body.  Anterioi"  dorsal  spines  with  blackish  annuli,  their  produced  portions 
white;  a  large  dark  blotch  on  the  membrane  between  the  third  and 
fifth  spines,  and  some  ocelli  on  the  basal  half.  Second  dorsal  dusky,  with 
about  three  irregular  z'ows  of  dark  light-edged  ocelli.  Anal  with  dusky 
streaks  between  tlie  rays,  which  are  lightei-.  Caudal  and  venti*al  some- 
what similar  to  the  anal.  Pectoral  lighter,  with  about  five  ti-ansverse 
lines  of  dots  across  the  rays. 

Described  and  figui-ed  from  one  of  the  cotv]>es,  !•()  nmi.  h)iig.  Nine 
(ithei"  cotypes,  ().'>-I*2  mm.  h)!!!?,  cxliihit  but   littU'  variiit  ion. 


AUSTRALIAN    (lOKlin.l-;  —  McCDLLOClI    AND    OOII-HY.  257 

JTahltf!. — An  account  of  the  intoi'osting  liabits  of  tliis  species  is  given 
bv  one  of  ns  in  tlio  Proceedings  of  the  lioyal  Society  of  Queensland,  xxiii., 
p".  26. 

Locs. — Port  Jackson  ;  Macleay  Museum,  cotypos  of  O.  crintntus,  Mac- 
leay.  Fourteen  otlier  specimens,  47-108  mm.  long  are  in  the  Austialian 
Museum  from  Port  Jackson,  Port  Hunter,  Port  Macquarie,  and  tlie  iiich- 
mond  River  estuaiy,  New  South  Wales  ;  Caloundra,  Queensland. 

Genus  OxYUiticuTiiYS,  Vdeel-er. 
Oxi/iirichflu/s  (Bleeker),  Weber,  "  Siboga"  E.xped.,  Ivii.,  1913,  p.  475. 

a.  No  orbital  tentacle  or  nuchal  crest pajniensis. 

aa.  An  orbital  tentacle  and  a  nuchal  crest coniutus. 

OxYURicimiYS  I'APDENSis,  Cuvier  Sf  Valenciennes. 

Gohins  papuoisis,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes,  Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  xii.,   1837,  p. 
106.     Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  49. 

This  species  has  been  recorded  from  Australia  hj  Giinther. 

OXYURICHTHYS  CORNDTUS,    McCullnrh,  cj"  Waite. 

O.njnriclithys  conndvs,  McCulloch  &  Waite,  Rec.  S.Austr.  Mus.,  i.  1,  1918, 
p.  80,  pi.  viii.,  fig.  2. 

Loc. — Cairns,  Queensland. 

(Gor-ius)   EREMius,  Zlefz. 

Gobius  ei-emiHs,   Zietz,  Rept.  Horn.  Exped.,  ii.,  1896,  p.  180,  pi.  xvi.,  fig.  5. 
Id.,  McCulloch,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  xi.  7,  1917,  p.  183,  pi.  xxxi.,  fig.  1. 

Hah. — Fresh  water,  Central  Australia. 

Subfamily   Eleotrinae. 

Base  of  the  pectoral  fin  not  unusually  muscular  or  mobile.  Eyes  not 
erectile.     Ventral  fins  separate. 

Provisional  key  to  the  Australian  genex'a  known  to  the  authors. 

a.  Ventral  i-ays  i/4. 

h.   Body  elongate,  scales  minute  ;   dorsal  rays  about  vi/29.  Ptereleotris. 

lb.  Body  short,  scales  large;  dorsal  rays  about  vi/9-10 Eviota. 

aa.   Ventral  rays  i/5. 
c.  Scales  small,  more  than  50  in  a  longitudinal  row. 

d.  Sides  of  head  naked Valenciennea. 

del.  Sides  of  head  scaly. 
e.  Preoperculum  without  a  spine  at  the  angle. 
/.  Body  scales  cycloid  ;  jaws  with  large  canines Odonteleotris. 


258  RECORDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

ff.  Body  scales  ctenoid;  jaws  without  canines Oxyeleotris. 

ee.  Preoperculum  with  a  spine  at  the  angle Eleotris. 

cc.  Scales  larger,  less  than  50  in  a  longitudinal  row. 

g.  Top  of  head  with  bony  crests Butis. 

gg.  Top  of  head  without  bony  crests. 

h.  Preoperculum  with  2-3  strong  spines Asterropteyix. 

hh  Preoperculum  unarmed. 

i.  Cheeks  and  opercles  naked Phi lypnodon. 

ii.  Opercles  scaly,  cheeks  more  or  less  scaly. 

j.  Interorbital  space  scaly. 

Ic.  Snout  broad,  flat  and  depressed  ;  scales  on  upper  surface  of  head  enlarged  ; 
first  dorsal  usually  with  6  spines Ophiocara. 

Ich.  Snout  narrower,  more  convex  ;  scales  on  upper  surface  of  head  not  enlarged ; 
first  dorsal  with  7-9  spines Mogurnda. 

jj.  Interorbital  space  naked. 

I.  Scales  smaller,  37-40  ;  body  moderately  elongate Gohiomorphus. 

U.  Scales  larger,  27-35  ;  body  deeper Cavassiops. 

Genus  Ptereleotris,  Gill. 

Ptereleotris,   Gill,   Proc.  Acad.   Nat.    Sci.   Philad.,  1863,  p.   270   (Eleotris 
microlepis,  Bleeker).     Id.,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neerl.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  307. 

Body  elongate,  compressed,  covered  with  minute  cycloid  scales,  -wliicli 
are  separate  anterioi-ly  ;  no  lateral  line.  Head  naked,  short.  .  Eye  of 
moderate  size.  Mouth  moderate,  very  oblique,  the  lower  jaw  projecting  ; 
chin  without  barbies.  Teeth  in  several  rows  in  each  jaw,  with  large 
canines;  palate  toothless.  Tongue  stj'liform.  Gill-openings  wide,  isthmus 
narrow,  shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Pseudobranchiae  present ;  gill-rakers 
long,  slender,  and  numerous.  Six  dorsal  spines  and  about  29  rays  ;  anal 
opposite  the  dorsal,  with  about  27  rays.  Ventrals  i/4.  Some  of  tlie 
caudal  rays  produced.     Vertebroe  about  2G. 

Ptereleotris  mickoleims,  Bleelcer. 
(Plate  XXX vii.,  fig.  1.) 

Eleotris   microlepis,  Bleeker,   Nat.    Tijdschr.   Ned.  Indie,  xi.,  1856,  p.  102. 

Id.,  Giinther,  Cat.  Fish.  Brit.  Mus.,  iii.,  1861,  p.   132.     Id.,  Giinther 

&  Playfair,  Fish.  Zanzibar,  1866,  p.  75,  pi.  ix.,  tig.  5. 
Eleotriodes  microleins,  Bleekei%  Nat.  Tijdschr.  Ned.  Indie,  xvi.,  1858,  p.  212. 
Ttereleotris  microlepis,   Bleeker,   Versl.   Akad.   Amsterdam   (2),  xi.,  1877, 

p.  103. 
Eleotris  elongata,   Alleyne  and   Macleay,   Proc.   Linn.   Soc.   N.S.Wales,  i., 

1877,  p.  335,  pi.  xiii.,  fig.  1. 

D.  vi/29  ;  A.  27 ;  P.  22  ;  V.  i/4  ;  C.  15.  Scales  minute.  Four 
bi-anchiostegals.     Vertebrce  26,  including  the  liypural. 

Depth  78  in  the  Umgth  to  the  hypnral  ;  head  52  in  tlie  same.  Fye 
sliglitly  longer  tluui  <lie  snout,  37  in  tlic  liead.  Bony  interorbital  width 
1-3  in  the  eye.      Snout  42,  depth  of  caudal-pcdiiiich'  2  in  tlie  bead. 


AUSTUALIAN    UOi;ill>.K JlcCULLOCU    AND    (h;||J;V.  259 

Head  naked,  witli  jjreopercnlar,  niu'lial,  occnpital  and  rostiul  pores. 
Eye  large,  lateral,  its  margin  close  to  tlie  upper  profile  of  the  head. 
Interocular  space  rather  flat,  its  width  equal  to  the  diameter  of  the  eye. 
Snout  shorter  than  the  eye;  nostrils  without  tubes,  on  its  superolateral 
angle,  the  posterior  near  the  oi-bital  margin.  Mouth  protractile,  the  cleft 
very  oblique  ;  maxillary  pointed  posteriorly,  and  reaching  to  below  the 
anterior  orbital  margin.  Mandible  projecting  well  beyond  the  upper  jaw  ; 
chin  without  barbies.  Teeth  in  the  upper  jaw  in  two  series  ;  the  outer 
consists  of  large,  spaced,  fang-like  canines,  the  inner  of  a  narrow  band  of 
minute  teeth.  Lower  jaw  Avith  an  inner  row  of  three  or  four  canines  on 
each  side,  and  a  group  of  strong  teeth  on  both  sides  of  the  symphysis ; 
between  these  are  some  smaller  teeth,  and  a  row  of  small  teeth  is  present 
on  the  posterior  portion  of  each  side.  Palate  toothless.  Tongue  long, 
styliform,  and  partly  free.  Gill-openings  wide,  the  membranes  separated 
on  the  isthmus  b}^  a  space  which  is  less  than  half  as  wide  as  the  eye. 
Shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Pseudobranchia)  present.  Gill-rakers  on  the 
first  arcli  long,  slender,  close-set  and  numerous. 

Body  covered  with  minute  cycloid  scales,  which  are  irregularly 
arranged,  and  separate  anteriorly  but  close  together  posterioi^ly ;  they 
extend  forward  to  above  the  end  of  the  operculum,  and  onto  the  pectoral 
base  and  the  thorax,  leaving  the  nape  naked  ;  posteriorly  they  cover  the 
caudal  base.     A  minute  genital  papilla. 

First  dorsal  originating  a  little  in  advance  of  the  middle  of  the 
pectorals ;  the  spines  increase  in  length  to  the  fifth,  which  is  as  long  as 
the  head  without  the  operculum,  the  last  spine  widely  separated  from 
the  fifth.  Second  dorsal  elevated,  the  rays  weakly  divided  ;  they  increase 
in  height  to  about  the  eighth,  which  is  four-fifths  the  length  of  the  head, 
and  thence  decrease  backwards.  Anal  commencing  well  behind  the  second 
dorsal,  but  cotermiual  with  it ;  the  two  fins  are  of  similar  form.  Caudal 
emarginate,  the  upper  and  lower  rays  produced.  Ventrals  juxtaposed 
basally  but  separate,  with  a  flexible  slender  spine  and  four  articulated 
rays  the  inner  of  which  is  the  longer  and  filiform.  Pectorals  rounded,  the 
median  rays  longest  and  reaching  to  about  the  vertical  of  the  fifth  dorsal 
spine. 

Coloar-viin-Jii)ig. —  The  only  marking  remaining  is  a  small,  oblique, 
brown  bar  on  the  base  of  the  pectoral  fin,  the  rest  of  the  body  and  fins 
being  pellucid. 

Described  and  figured  from  the  holotype  of  Eleotris  elongata,  93  mm. 
long,  which  is  in  a  poor  state  of  preservation.  It  is  clearly  the  example 
oi'igiually  described  by  Macleay,  not  only  because  it  is  so  labelled,  but  it 
is  the  only  specimen  in  his  collection  having  any  resemblance  to  "his 
description  and  figure  ;  the  colour-marking  of  the  pectoral  fin  also  agrees 
with  the  latter.  It  proves  his  description  to  be  incorrect  in  the  number 
of  dorsal  and  anal  rays,  and  in  the  form  of  the  caudal  fin,  while  his  figure 
is  inaccurate  in  most  details. 

Sijnonymii. — Eleotris  eJoiigatd  is  evidently  synonymous  with  Ftereleotris 
microlepis.  Macleay's  specimen  agrees  with  Bleeker's  description  of  that 
species  in  most  details,  differing  only  in  having  somewhat  higher  dorsal 


260  RECORDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MCSEDM. 

and  anal  fins,  and  in  having  four,  instead  of  five  ventral  rays ;  the  first 
character  is  probably  variable,  while  it  seems  not  unlikely  that  the  number 
of  ventral  rays  was  incorrectly  counted  b}-  Bleeker. 

Loc. — Darnley  Island,  Torres  Strait.      Perhaps  a  pelagic  form. 

Genus  Eviota,  Jenkins. 

Eviota,  Jenkins,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Comm.,  xxii.,  1903,  p.  501  (E.  ejuphanes, 
Jenkins). 

J//o^o&t'(t.s-,  Waite,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.  ?>,  1904,  p.  170  (A.  vin'dis,  Waite). 

Eviota  vikidis,  Waite 

Allorjohias  viridis,  Waite,  Rec.   Austr.  Mus.,  v.  3,   1904,   p.   177,  pi.   xxiii., 
•fig.  3. 

Eviota  zotmra,  Jordan  &  Scale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  190G,  p. 
386,  fig.  75. 

Eviota  viridis,  McCulloch,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  ix.  3,  1913,  p.  386. 

Loc. — Queensland  coast  between  Port  Curtis  and  Torres  Strait 
(McCulloch). 

Genus  Valenciennea,   Bleeher. 

Valenciennea,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  xi.,  1856,  p.  112  (Eleotris 
strigata,  Broussonet).  Id.,  Jordan  &  Snyder,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus., 
xxiv.,  1901,  p.  42. 

Calleleotris,  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  1863,  p.  270  (E.  striyata, 
Broussonet). 

Valenciennesia,  Bleeker,  Versl.  Akad.  Amsterdam  (2),  viii.,  1874,  p.  372 
— emended  spelling. 

Gohio)ii()rus,  Gill,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xi.,  1888,  p.  69  (ii.  taihoa,  Lacep.). 
Not  Gohiouwnis,  Lacepede. 

Body  moderately  elongate,  a  little  compressed,  covered  with  small, 
ctenoid  scales.  Head  naked,  opercles  unarmed  ;  jaws  subequal,  with 
strong,  spaced  teeth,  which  are  uniserial  or  biserial  anteriorly  in  the  lower 
jaw,  but  uniserial  elsewhere  ;  a  curved  canine  on  each  side  of  the  mandible ; 
palate  toothless.  Isthmus  broad.  Ventral  fins  separate,  with  one  spine 
and  five  rays.  Dorsal  fins  with  six  spines  and  thirteen  to  nineteen  rays, 
anal  similar  to  the  second  dorsal. 

Nonienclatnre. — Gill  (Lor.  cit.)  considered  Lacepode's  name  Gohio- 
inoriis^^  should  be  used  for  this  genus,  but  Jordan'^,  as  the  first  revisoi", 
applied  it  to  I'hllijjnius,  and  we  consider  lie  should  be  followed. 

i**  Oobiomorus,  Lacepode — Hist.  Nat.  Poiss.,  ii.,  1800,  p.  583. 
10  Jordan— Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  v.,  1883,  p.  571. 


AUSTRALIAN    (lOIIIID.K McCU' IJ,()01I    A\l>    <Mil|-l!V.  2G1 

Key  ti)  tlie  species  examined. — 

(i.  D.  vi/11).     Body  without  lUiirkiiii^ ;  ii  siii^'lo  d.-irk-bliu!  sti'ipe  crossinj^  tins  iijipti 
portion  of  tlH>  cheek  and  operculum strirjuta. 

aa.  D.  vi/13.     Body  ornato. 

b.  Third  dorsal  spine  distinctly  lon<^or  tlum  the   others.     Cross-bands    and    dcelli 
indefinite  or  wautinjj. 

c.  Oheek  and  operculum  with  a))(>ut  nine  lar^o  ocelli violifeni. 

cc.  Cheek  and  operculum  l>anded,  without  spots muralis. 

bb.  Third  dorsal  spine  not,  or  scarcely  lon<jjer  than  the  otliers.     Five  cross-bands  on 
the  trunk,  forming  distinct,  large  ocelli  on  the  sides longipinnis. 

Of  these  species,  only  V.  wuridif!  and  V.  lotKjipinnis  have  been  recorded 
from  Australia.  Three  specimens  of  V.  stritj((ta,  Broussonet,  are  in  the 
Australian  Museum  fi-om  the  New  Hebrides,  and  twenty-three  of  V. 
■oi'olifcra,  Jordan  &  Seale,  from  Samoa,  New  Hebrides,  Bougainville  Island, 
and  Duke  of  York  Islaiul. 

Valenciknnka   mui;alis,   Gitvier  ^-  Valenciennes. 
(Plate  xxxvii.  ;   hg.  4). 

Eleotris  luurulis,  Cuvier    &    Valenciennes,   Hist.    Nat.   Poiss.,  xii.,    1887, 

p.  253,  pi.  ccclvii.     Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,   p. 

130,  and   Ann.  Mag.  Nat.    Hist.    (3),    xx.,  1867,  p.  62.     Id.,  Day, 

Fish.    India,   1876,    p.    310,  pi.  Ixix,  fig.  1.     Id.,   Klunzinger,    Sitzb. 

Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i,,  1879,  p.  386.     Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.   Linn. 

Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  624. 
Valencieniiea  innraltx,  Jordan  &  Snyder,  Proc.  U.S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xxiv.,  1901, 

p.  42. 
Eleotriodes  muralis,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  lud.,  xv.,  1858,  p.  201. 
Eleotris    traheatus,    Richai'dson,   Icones  Piscium,   1843,  p.  5,  pi.    ii.      7^/., 

Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  105,  f.  n. 
Eleotris  lin.eata,  Alleyne  &  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i.,   1877, 

p.  334  (perhaps  not  E.  lineata,  Castelnau). 
Valencieunea  aruensis,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Ro3^  Soc.  Qld.,  xxiii.,  1910,  p.  21. 

D.  vi/13;  A.  13;  P.  20;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  13.  About  90  series  of  scales 
from  above  the  base  of  the  pectoral  to  the  hypural  joint ;  about  32 
between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  6  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint;  head  35  in  the  same. 
Eye  5*5  in  the  head,  and  2  in  the  snout,  which  is  3  in  the  head,  and  equal 
to  the  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle.  Interocular  space  slightly  narrower 
than  the  eye. 

Head  naked,  with  the  usual  preopercular,  nuclial,  occipital,  and 
rostral  pores ;  cheeks  and  opercles  without  mucigerous  systems.  Eye 
rather  small,  cutting  the  dorsal  profile,  and  separated  by  a  flat  interocular 
space ;  bony  interorbital  about  half  as  wide  as  the  eye.  Snout  much 
longer  than  the  eye,  a  little  convex.  Mouth  oblique,  maxillary  reacliing 
to  below  the  anterior  orbital  margin.  Lower  jaw  closing  within  the  upper. 
Pi'emaxillary  teeth  in  a  single  series,  largest  anteriorly  and  slender,  curved 
and  spaced  ;  they  form  two  rows  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  mandible,  but 


262  RECORDS    OF    THE    ADSTKALIAN    BICSEDM. 

are  nniserial  and  smaller  laterally,  and  there  is  a  canine  on  eacli  side. 
Palate  toothless.  Tongue  rounded  anteriorly.  Gill-opening  much  wider 
than  the  base  of  the  pectoral,  separated  by  a  broad  isthmus.  Shoulder- 
girdle  smooth. 

Body  compressed,  the  breadth  between  the  pectorals  !•!  in  the  depth. 
It  is  covered  with  small  ctenoid  scales,  which  extend  forward  to  above 
the  end  of  the  ope]'culum  and  to  behind  the  ventrals,  leaving  the  nape, 
thorax,  and  pectoral  bases  naked.      Genital  papilla  minute. 

First  dorsal  commencing  behind  the  vertical  of  the  pectorals ;  the 
third  ray  projects  beyond  the  others,  and  is  as  long  as  the  head  without  the 
operculum.  The  dorsal  rays  are  subequal  in  height,  the  last  slightly 
longer  than  the  others,  and  reaching  to  the  hypural  joint.  Anal  of  similar 
form  to  the  second  dorsal,  originating  behind  its  second  ray,  and  termin- 
ating in  advance  of  its  last.  Pectoral  rounded,  the  median  rays  longest, 
not  quite  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  anterior  dorsal  ray.  Ventrals 
inserted  in  advance  of  the  pectorals,  their  third  rays  longest,  reaching  a 
little  more  than  half  their  distance  from  the  anterior  anal  ray.  Caudal 
pointed,  the  median  rays  O'l  longer  than  the  head. 

Colour. — Body  generally  light  coloured,  with  four  longitudinal  stripes 
and  some  very  indefinite  cross-bands  ;  the  first  stripe  commences  on  the  nape 
behind  the  eyes,  and  extends  along  the  back  to  the  last  dorsal  ra}' ;  the 
second  begins  on  the  snout,  and  passing  through  the  eye,  is  lost  below  the 
posterior  dorsal  rays  ;  the  third  commences  behind  the  upper  lip  and 
extends  to  the  caudal,  and  the  fourth  runs  from  behind  the  pectoral  to  the 
caudal  base.  Snout  and  interorbital  space  with  spots  and  bars.  Cheek 
and  operculum  with  three  horizontal,  dark-edged  stripes,  two  of  which 
extend  onto  the  pectoral  base ;  no  spots  or  occelli.  First  dorsal  fin  with 
about  seven  undulous,  dark-edged  stripes  and  a  large  black  spot  behind 
the  third  spine.  Second  dorsal  with  some  indefinite  stripes  anteriorly. 
Caudal  with  a  broad  greyish  margin,  and  an  oblique,  dark-edged  stripe 
near  the  upper  and  lower  bases. 

Described  from  a  specimen  109  mm.  long,  from  Dunk  Island,  North- 
east Queensland,  and  collected  by  Mr.  E.  J.  Banfield.  Six  others  examined 
have  the  same  colour-marking,  except  that  they  lack  all  traces  of  cross-bars 
on  the  body. 

Synoinpiiy. — Eleotris  traJieatns,  described  by  Richardson  from  a  draw- 
ing of  a  fish  from  Depuch  Island,  North-western  Australia,  is  probably 
synonymous  with  V.niiindis;  the  size  of  its  scales,  and  the  squamation 
of  the  head  as  shown  in  the  figure,  are  doubtless  errors  of  the  amateur 
artist.  The  specimen  identified  by  Alleyne  and  Macleay  from  Darnley 
Island  as  E.  li.neutd,  Castelnau,  is  certainly  V.  viuralis,  as  are  Macleay's 
E.  viuralis  from  the  Endeavour  River.  Three  paratypes  of  V.  aruent^is 
only  differ  from  the  specimen  described  above  in  having  the  cross-bars 
better  defined  ;   they  appear  to  represent  a  variety  of  V.  iiniritlis. 

Locs. — Dunk  Island,  North-eastern  Queensland  ;  Austr.  Mus.  Darnley 
Island,  Torres  Strait,  and  Endeavour  River,  Noitli-east  Queensland ; 
Macleay  Mus.  Aru  Islands  ;  Qld.  and  Austr.  Mus.  Giinther  has  recorded 
V.  muralis  from  Cape  York,  and  Klunzinger  had  specimens  from  Port 
Darwin,  while  Eleotris  traheatns  came  from  North-western  Ansti-alia. 

Hah. — Indian  Seas  to  North  Ansti'alia,  Japan,  and  the  western  Pacific. 


AUSTRALIAN    tiOI'.lin.K McCl' l.l.di'll    AND    0(111, 1!V.  263 

Valkncibnnea  longipinnis,  Bevuett. 

Eleolris  loiqipimiix,  Bennett,  Voy.  "  Blossom",  Zoo!.,  1839,  p.  64,  pi.  xx., 

fig.  3.  "  hi,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mub.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  105,  f.  n.,  and 

Fische  Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  190. 
Valenciennea  longtpijinis,  Waite,  Rec.  Austr.  Mius.,  iv.,  1902,  p.  271,  pi. 

xliii.  Id.,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fisli.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906,  p.  382. 
Valenciennesia  longipinnis,  Bleeker,  Versl.  Akad.  Amsterdam  (2),  xi.,  1877, 

p.  93. 
Eleotris  strigata,  Thiollier,  Ann.  Agric.  Soc.  Lyon,  viii.,  1856,  p.  188  (not 

E.  strigata,  Cuv.  &  Val. — jide  Bleeker). 
Eleotris  iheineur  (Montrouzier),  Tliiollier,  Ibid. 
Eleotris  ta-iiiiira,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  624. 

D.  vi/13  ;  A.  13;  P.  21  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  About  112  rows  of  scales 
from  above  the  pectoral  base  to  the  hypural  joint,  and  about  40  between 
the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  5"4  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  36  in  the  same. 
Eye  51  in  the  head,  and  1"8  in  the  snout,  which  is  28  in  the  head.  Inter- 
ocular  space  1"2  in  the  eye.  Depth  of  caudal  peduncle  23,  fourth  dorsal 
spine  1"3  in  the  head.     Median  caudal  rays  07  longer  than  the  head. 

Form  and  structural  details  almost  exactl}'^  similar  to  those  of  V. 
imcralis,  but  the  anterior  dorsal  fin  is  I'ounded,  the  third  ray  being  not 
longer  than  those  on  either  side  of  it  ;  the  median  caudal  and  posterior 
dorsal  and  anal  rays  are  more  produced,  and  the  scales  appear  somewhat 
smaller. 

Colour. — Pale  brown  in  formaline,  becoming  white  below,  with  four 
narrow  longitudinal  bands  which  are  similar  to,  but  less  distinct  than 
those  of  V.  viiiralis.  Nape  and  back  with  ten  dusky  cross-bars  ;  sides 
with  five  bands  which  terminate  in  large  ocelli  on  the  lower  longitudinal 
band.  Cheek  and  operculum  with  three  horizontal  blue  bars  with  dark 
edges,  and  some  large  blue  spots  ;  snout  dusky,  with  blue  bars  and  spots. 
First  dorsal  with  about  six  oblique,  dark-edged  stripes,  and  a  dusky  spot 
behind  the  fourth  spine.  Second  dorsal  with  about  four  rows  of  blue 
ocelli  between  the  rays.  Anal  with  a  light,  dark-edged  band  near  its  base. 
Caudal  with  large,  inter-radial  ocelli  and  bars,  and  broad  dusky  margins. 
Pectorals  and  ventrals  plain  (for  the  colours  of  a  fresh  specimen,  see 
Waite,  Loc.  cit.). 

Described  from  a  specimen  170  mm.  long.  Four  others,  80-160  mm. 
long  show  some  variation  in  the  intensity  and  extent  of  their  colour- 
marking,  which,  however,  is  similarly  arranged  in  all.  They  differ  from 
F.  muralis  in  having  the  longitudinal  bands  less  distinct,  and  in  the 
possession  of  five  well  defined  cross-bars  and  ocelli  on  the  sides. 

Synonymy. — The  holotype  of  Eleotris  toiniura,  Macleay,  117  mm.  long, 
is  very  faded,  but  clearly  shows  the  characteristic  lateral  ocelli  and  blue 
bars  on  the  cheeks  and  opercles.  It  is  certainly  identical  with  the  species 
described  above. 

Locs. — Specimens  are  in  the  Australian  Museum  from  Green  Island, 
near  Cairns,  and  Masthead  Island,  off  Port  Curtis,  Queensland.  Macleay's 
specimen  was  collected  at  Low  Island,  near  Cooktown. 

Hah. — Riu  Kiu  Islands  to  the  East  Indies,  Fiji,  and  Queensland. 


264  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Valenciennea  lineata,  Castehiuii. 

Eleotris  lineata,  Castelnau,  Res.  Fish.  Austr.  (Vict.  Offic.  Rec.  Pliilad. 
Exliib.),  1875,  p.  24.  Id.,  Macleaj-,  Proc.  Liim.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v., 
1881,  p.  623— part. 

Eleotris  nigrifilis,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  754 — 
substitute  name  for  E.  lineata,  consitlered  to  be  preoccupied  by 
Dormitator  lineata.  Gill,  1863. 

This  species  is  allied  to,  and  probably  identical  with  either  V.  muralis 
or  T^.  loiKjipinnia.  Castelnau  counted  fourteen  dorsal  and  anal  rays,  as 
against  thirteen  in  those  species,  but  their  postei'ior  rays  are  so  deeply 
divided  that  they  might  each  be  counted  as  two.  The  fourth  dorsal  spine 
being  longer  than  the  thii'd  suggests  the  identity  of  V.  linetita  with  ]'. 
lonfjipinnis,  but  the  colour-marking  was  apparently  more  like  that  of  1'. 
mnralis. 

Loc. — Cape  York  (Castelnau). 

Genus  Odonteleotris,  (iill. 

Odonteleotris,  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  1863,  p.  270  (Eleotris 
macrodon,  Bleeker). 

Body  covered  with  very  small  cycloid  scales,  which  extend  onto  the 
head  to  before  the  eyes,  and  cover  the  cheeks  and  opercles.  Cheeks  with 
prominent  rows  of  minute  mucigerous  papillae.  Snout  obtuse,  mandible 
projecting;  mouth  oblique,  rather  large.  No  barbies  ;  anterior  nostril  in 
a  lai'ge  tube  overhanging  the  lip.  ■  A  narrow  band  of  villiform  teeth  in 
each  jaw,  and  some  enlarged  inner  ones  on  the  sides  ;  several  strong  canines 
in  front  of  each  jaw.  To.ngiie  rounded  and  free  anteriorly.  Gill-openings 
extending  a  little  foi'wanl  below,  but  sepai'ated  by  a  wide  interspace  ; 
exposed  edge  of  shoulder-girdle  smooth,  with  a  free  dermal  membrane. 
Pseudobranchia)  present ;  about  seven  slender  gill-rakers  on  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  first  ai-ch.  Dorsal  fins  short,  with  about  vi/11  rays  ;  anal 
similar  to  the  soft  doisal,  with  about  9  rays.  Pectoral  without  free  rays  ; 
ventrals  separate,  with  i/5  rays.      Caudal  rounded. 

Odonteleotris  macrodon,  Bleeker. 

Eleotris  niacrodou,  Bleeker,  Verb.  Bat.  Gen.,  xxv.,  1853,  p.  104,  pi.  ii., 
fig.  1.  Id.,  Gilnther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  129.  hi, 
Day,  Fish.  India,  1876,  p.  311,  pi.  Ixv.,  fig.  3.  Id.,  Klunzinger, 
Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p.  385.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  34. 

Odonteleotris  macnidon,  Bleeker,  Versl.  Akad.  Anist.  (2),  xi.,  1877,  p.  14. 

Loc. — This  species  lias  been  recognised  from  Port  Darwin  by 
Klunzinger.  An  example  from  Dr.  Day's  collection  is  in  the  Australian 
Museum    I'lom  Akyab,  Indiii. 


ArsTiJAMAN  (ioi;iii),i.: — McrrLr.ncM  and  ooirjiY.  2(15 

Genus  OxYKi.EOTKis,  lUeel-er. 

O.njeleolris,  Bloekei',  Arch.  Ni'erl.  So.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  302. 

Bleeker's  papers  on  lliis  genus  being  unavailable  to  us,  we  follow 
Weber  in  regarding  I'Jleotrix  iinimu'vhttnfi,  Macleay  (=^1'].  lineiihtlns,  Stein- 
dacliner)  as  a  species  of  O.ryeleotris.  Tf  this  be  correct,  the  genus  can  only 
be  distinguished  from  Eleotris  by  its  dillerent  physiognomy  and  in  lacking 
a  pieopeicular  spine. 

OxYELEOTRlR   LINEOLATUS,  Steindnchiier. 

Eleotris  Ilw'dhitiis,  Steindachner,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Iv.  i.,  1867, 
p.  13. 

/Eleotris  planiceps,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  vii.  i.,  1882,  p. 
69  (not  E.  phon'ccps,  Castelnau,  1878,  nor  E.  planiceps,  Macleay, 
1883). 

Eleotris  ii)imaciih(fi(s,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  viii.  2,  1883, 
p.  268. 

?  Eleotris  selheimi,  Macleay,  Ihid.,  ix.  1,  1884,  p.  33 — substitute  name  for 
E.  planiceps,  prooccupied. 

Eleotris  crescens,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  ii.,  1886,  p.  33. 

Eleotris  (Oxyeleotris)  heterodon,  Weber,  Nova  Guinea,  v.  2,  1908,  p.  255, 
pi.  xiii.,  fig.  7. 

D.  vi/10;  A.  9;  P.  17;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  16.  60  scales  between  tlie  axil 
and  the  hypural  joint,  and  20  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal 
rays. 

Depth  before  the  ventrals  5"1  in  the  length  from  the  premaxillary 
symphysis  to  the  hypural  joint  ;  head,  excluding  the  mandible,  28  in  the 
same.  Eye  9  in  the  head,  and  1'9  in  its  distance  from  the  pi-emaxillary 
symphysis  ;  it  is  23  in  the  interorbital  space,  which  is  3"8  in  the  head. 
Breadth  before  the  pectoral  bases  01  greater  than  the  depth  ;  depth  of 
the  caudal  peduncle  25  in  the  length  of  the  head.  Second  and  third 
dorsal  spines  subequal,  2-8  in  the  head  ;  fourth  dorsal  ray  2*2,  seventh 
anal  ray  2'1  in  the  head. 

Head  depressed  broader  than  deep.  With  the  exception  of  the  snout 
and  under  surfaces,  it  is  entirely  covered  with  small  cycloid  scales.  The 
upper  surface  of  the  head,  cheeks,  opercles,  and  mandible  are  traversed 
by  numerous  series  of  minute  mucigerous  papillae,  which  are  largely 
hidden  among  the  scales  ;  tliere  is  an  open  pore  above  the  posterior 
nostril,  and  several  others  around  the  preopercular  border.  Eye  supero- 
lateral, much  shorter  than  the  snout.  Interorbital  space  broad,  nearly 
flat,  and  completely  covered  with  minute  scales  which  extend  forward  to 
between  the  posterior  nostrils.  Preopercular  margin  entire,  the  angle 
without  a  spine.  Snout  produced,  rounded  anteriorly,  the  mandible 
projecting  far  beyond  the  upper  jaw ;  the  posterior  processes  of  the 
premaxillaries  form  a  protuberance  on  the  snout,  which  produces  a 
characteristic  convexity  of  the  profile  anteriorly.     Anterior  nostril  in  a 


266   .  KECOTtDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

tube  overhanging  the  lip,  the  posterior  a  large  opening  near  the  upper 
margin  of  the  eye  with  skinny  edges.  Mouth  oblique,  the  maxilla  reaching 
backward  to  below  the  posterior  fourth  of  the  eye.  A  broad  band  of 
villiform  teeth  in  the  premaxillaries,  some  of  which  are  a  little  larger 
than  the  others  near  the  symphysis,  and  an  outer  row  of  strong  conical, 
but  small  teeth  ;  mandible  with  a  band  of  villiform  teeth,  the  inner  row 
of  which  is  a  little  larger  than  the  others,  and  an  outer  row  of  conical 
teeth  ;  posteriorly  these  give  place  to  an  inner  row  of  similar  teeth  which 
increases  in  size  backwards.  Tongue  broadly  spatulate  and  free  anteriorly, 
its  margin  rounded.  Gill-openings  extending  far  forward  below,  the 
space  separating  them  being  narrower  than  the  eye  ;  exposed  edge  of  the 
shoulder  girdle  quite  smooth. 

Body  broader  than  deep  anteriorlj^,  becoming  compressed  posteriorly. 
It  is  completely  covered  with  rather  small  ctenoid  scales  which  are 
subequal  in  size  on  the  sides  and  tail,  but  are  smaller  on  the  nape,  breast, 
and  pectoral  base  ;  they  extend  onto  the  bases  of  the  pectoral  and  caudal 
fins  between  the  rays.     Genital  papilla  large. 

First  dorsal  commencing  before  the  middle  of  the  pectoi-al,  its  margin 
rounded  ;  the  second  and  third  spines  are  longest,  and  the  sixth  is  more 
widely  separated  than  the  others.  The  second  dorsal  rays  increase  slightly 
in  length  to  the  penultimate,  which  is  a  little  longer  than  the  highest 
spine  ;  the  last  is  double,  and  reaches  somewhat  more  than  half  its  distance 
from  the  caudal  base.  Anal  almost  opposite  the  second  dorsal,  and  of 
similar  form ;  the  rays  increase  in  height  to  the  seventh.  Pectoral 
rounded,  the  tenth  ray  longest  but  not  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  vent. 
Ventrals  inserted  a  little  before  the  pectorals,  the  fouith  rays  longest, 
and  reaching  about  two-thirds  of  their  distance  from  the  vent.  Caudal 
rounded. 

Colour Dark     brown     after     long     preservation,     without    definite 

markings. 

Described  from  the  holotype  of  Eleotris  immacnJatns,  480  mm.  long. 
It  proves  its  original  description  to  be  inaccurate  in  its  proportional 
details,  particularly  as  regards  the  measurements  of  the  eye  and  the 
interorbital  space. 

Variation. — An  example  335  mm.  long,  whi(;h  is  a  cotype  of  E. 
crescens,  De  Vis,  is  quite  similar  in  all  its  structural  details  to  the 
specimen  described,  differing  only  iii  some  slight  proportional  measure- 
ments which  are  coincident  with  its  smaller  size.  Another  specimen 
which  is  only  181  mm.  long,  is  much  lighter  in  colour,  being  sandy 
yellow  with  grey  lines  along  each  row  of  scales  on  the  back  and  sides, 
while  the  dorsal  and  caudal  fins  are  mottled  with  grey  spots  ;  it  has  the 
following  proportions: — Head  27  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint; 
depth  before  the  venti-als  5*6  in  the  same  ;  bieadth  befoie  tlie  pectoial 
bases  01  greater  than  the  depth  ;  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  3"3  in 
the  head  ;  eye  8  in  the  head,  and  18  in  its  distance  from  the  premaxillary 
symphysis;  it  is  1"9  in  the  interorbital  space,  which  is  4"1  in  the  head. 

Syvonymy. — Steindachner's  description  of  E.  liiirahifui^  from  Rock- 
hampton  agrees  very  well  with  a  cotype  of  E.  crescens,  De  Vis,   from   the 


AUSTKALIAN    (!()l!llli/K McOlll,l,(  x.'ll    AND    ()(;il,l:V.  'JG? 

same  locality,  and  the  two  are  apparently  synonymous.  Tlie  exaini)lc'  of 
E.  crescens  further  agrees  in  all  details  with  the  holotypeof  E.  imviaculatus 
described  above  ;  its  palate  is  perfectly  smooth,  there  being  no  indication 
of  palatine  or  vomerine  teeth  as  described  by  De  Vis.  The  type  of  I'L 
phiniceps,  Macleay  (1S82),  cannot  now  be  found,  and  appears  to  have  been 
lost  ;  its  brief  description  does  not  enable  us  to  deteiniine  its  identity, 
but  it  is  very  prc)bably  synonymous  with  0.  lliienlatas.  Weber's  description 
and  figux'e  of  his  0.  hetennhm  agree  very  well  with  the  holotype  of  O. 
iiiDuaculatas,  and  we  consider  his  suggestion  as  to  the  probable  identity 
of  the  two  to  have  been  proved  correct. 

Mr.  Robert  Archer  of  Gracemere  Station,  Rockhampton,  informs  us 
that  this  fish  is  never  seen  in  the  winter;  but  in  summer  it  lies  close  to 
the  surface  and  can  be  easily  caught  with  a  landing-net ;  it  is  very 
sluggish,  and  he  has  never  known  it  to  take  a  bait.  It  is  the  only  fish  in 
the  Mere  worth  eating,  having  white  firm  and  flaky  flesh  which  is  not  at 
all  mudd}'^  in  flavour  ;  all  the  other  species  occurring  in  the  Mere  are 
almost  uneatable  because  of  their  muddy  taste. 

Locs. — We  have  examined  six  specimens  from  the  following  Queens- 
land localities.  Gracemere,  and  other  lagoons  near  Rockhampton  ;  cotypes 
of  E.  crescoi^,  De  Vis.  Double  Creek,  Upper  Dawson  River  ;  coll.  H. 
Pearce.  Hugliendeu,  Flinders  River ;  coll.  F.  L.  Berney.  The  holotype 
of  E.  imiiiaculatus  was  obtained  in  the  Keremma  River,  Gulf  of  Papua. 

Genus  Eleotris,   Block  ^'  Schneider. 

Eleotris,  Gronow,  Zoophylaceum,  1763,  p.  58  (Gnhias  pisonis,  Gmelin) — 
Non-binomial.  Id.,  Blocli  &  Schneider,  Syst.  Tclith.,  1801,  p.  65 — 
after  Gronow. 

Culins,  Bleeker,  Nat  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  xi.,  1856,  p.  41  (Poecilia  fusca, 
Bloch  &  Schneider). 

Body  cylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly;  scales  small  and 
mostly  ctenoid,  but  cycloid  on  the  nape,  breast  and  abdomen.  Head  with 
small  cycloid  scales  vphich  extend  forward  to  the  posterior  nostrils,  and 
cover  the  cheeks  and  opercles  ;  they  are  often  hidden  in  mucous  in  well 
preserved  specimens  and  are  difficult  to  detect.  Preoperculum  with  a 
spine  at  the  angle.  Snout,  upper  surface  of  the  head,  cheeks,  opercles, 
and  mandible  with  many  rows  of  microscopic  mucigerous  papillae.  Snout 
obtuse,  the  mandible  projecting ;  mouth  oblique.  Eye  superolateral,  the 
interorbital  space  wide.  Nostrils  widely  separated,  the  anterior  tubular. 
No  barbies.  Each  jaw  with  a  band  of  villiform  teeth,  and  an  outer  row 
of  stronger  ones.  Tongue  free,  slightly  rounded  anteriorly.  Gill-openings 
continued  a  little  forward  below,  the  isthmus  of  moderate  width  ;  exposed 
edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Pseudobranchia)  present ;  anterior 
gill-rakers  of  the  first  arch  few  and  thick,  about  eight  on  the  lower  limb. 
Dorsal  fins  short,  with  about  vi/9  rays  ;  anal  similar  to  the  soft  dorsal. 
Caudal  and  pectorals  rounded  ;  ventrals  i/5,  widely  separated. 

This  definition  is  based  upou  E.  fusca,  Bloch  &  Schneider. 


268  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Eleotris  fusca,  Block  S;-  Schneider. 

Poecilia  fiisca,  Blocli  &  Schneider,  Syst.  Iclitli.,  1801,  p.  453. 

Cobitis   inicljlca,   Forster,  in   Bloch  &   Schneider,  Ibid.,  and   Descr.  Anim. 

(ed.  Lichtenstein),  1844,  p.  235. 
Gheilodipterus  cidins,  Buchanan,   Fish.   Ganges,   1822,  pp.  55,  367,  pi.   v., 

fig.  16. 
Eleotris  ni<jra,  Qaoy  &  Gaimard,  Vo3^  "  Urania",  Zool.,  1824,  p.  259,  pi. 

Ix.,  fig.  2.     Id.,  Ciivier  &  Valenciennes,   Hist.  !N[at.  Poiss.,  xii.,  1837, 

p.  233. 
Eleotris  mauritiaiius,  Bennett,  Proc.  Conini.  Zool.  See,  i.,  1831,  p.  166. 
Eleotris  brachyurus,   Bleeker,    Verh.   Batav.   Gen.,   xxii.,  1849,  Blenn.   en 

Gob.,  p.  20. 
Eleotris  ineltDiurus,  Bleeker,  Ibid.,  p.  21. 
Eleotris  pseadacaHthoiJomas,   Bleeker,  Nat.   Tijds.   Nederl.    Ind.,  iv.,  1853, 

p.  276. 
Cidins  uiijer,  Bleeker,  Ibid.,  xi.,  1856,  p.  411. 
Gidius  'psev.dacantlwpomus,  Bleeker,  Ibid. 

Eleotris  incerta,  Blyth,  Journ.  Asiat.  See.  Bengal,  1860,  p.  146. 
Eleotris  fusca,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  125,  and    Ann. 

Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (3),  xx.,  1867,  p.  62.     Id.,  Day,  Fish.  Malabar,  1865, 

p.  115.     Id.,  Kner,  Zool.  "  Novara,"  i.,  Fisch.,  pt.  2,  1865,  p.   186. 

Id.,  Playfair,  Fish.  Zanz.,  1866,  p.  74.     Id.,  Day,  Fish.  India,    1876, 

p.  313,  pi.  Ixv.,  fig.  7.     Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v., 

1881,  p.  623.     Id.,   Ogilby,   Proc.   Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxii.,  1898, 

p.  791.     Id.,  Jordan   &   Scale,    Ball.   U.S.   Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906, 

p.  383. 
Gidius  fascus,  Bleeker,  Versl.  Akad.  Amst.,  xiv.,  1862,  p.  Ill,  and   Arch. 

Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  303.     Id.,  Bleeker,  Versl.  Akad.  Amst. 

(2),  xi.,  1877,  p.  40. 
Eleotris  suaresi,  Playfair,  Fish.  Zanz.,  1866,  p.  74,  pi.  ix.,  fig.  4. 

D.  vi/9  ;  A.  9  ;  P.  IS  ;  V,  i/5  ;  C.  15.  62  scales  between  the  axil 
and  the  hypural  joint,  and  19  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  before  the  ventrals  43  in  the  length  from  the  premaxillary 
symphysis  to  the  hypural  joint;  head,  without  the  mandible  or  the  oper- 
cular lobe,  3  in  the  same.  Eye  5*5  in  the  head,  a  little  shorter  than  the  snout, 
and  16  in  the  interocular  space  ;  snout  4"8  in  the  head.  The  length  of 
the  caudal  pedimtde  is  to  its  depth  as  3  is  to  2  ;  breadth  before  the  pectoral 
bases  1'08  in  the  depth.  Third  dorsal  spine  22,  and  the  penultimate 
dorsal  and  anal  rays  16  in  the  head  ;  pectoral  l''3,  and  caudal  I'l  in  the 
head. 

Head  broader  than  deep,  and  covered  with  thick  mucous  which 
obscures  the  scales  beneath  it ;  these  are  present  on  the  cheeks  and  opercles, 
and  they  extend  forward  to  between  the  eyes  on  the  upper  surface  of  the 
head.  The  upper,  lateral,  and  lower  sui-faces  of  the  head  are  coveied 
with  many  intersecting  lines  of  microscopic  mucigerous  papilla^  which 
ai'e  most  abundant  ai'ound  the  eye;  no  enlarged  open  pores.  Preoperculiim 
with  a  stout  antrorse  spine  at  its  angle.      Eye  rather  small,  superolateral ; 


Al'STK'Al.lAN    (lomili.K McCULLnCll    ANM    tKlll.llY.  'J()9 

iiifcerorbital  space  broad.  Snont  broadly  ruuiidod,  its  upper  proOlo  with 
a  projection  before  the  eyes  formed  by  the  posterior  processes  of  the 
preiiiaxillaries.  Nostrils  widely  separated,  the  anterior  in  a  low  tube 
overhanging  the  uppei'  lip,  the  posterior  before  the  superoanterior  angle 
of  the  eye.  Mouth  oblique,  the  maxilla  extending  to  below  the  posterior 
portion  of  the  eye  ;  mandible  projecting  well  beyond  the  upper  jaw. 
Each  premaxillaiy  with  a  band  of  villiform  teeth,  the  inner  rows  of  which 
are  slightly  larger  than  the  others,  and  an  outer  row  of  stronger  conical 
teeth  ;  mandibular  teeth  similar  to  those  of  the  premaxillaries  anteriorly, 
but  the  outer  conical  teetli  are  wanting  posteriorly,  and  the  inner  teeth 
are  enlarged.  ToTigue  free  anteriorly',  its  mai-gin  rounded.  Gill-opening 
continued  forward  to  below  the  preoperculai-  angle,  the  isthmus  much 
wider  than  the  eye  ;  exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle  smooth,  with  a 
free  dermal  membrane. 

Body  robust,  compressed,  the  dorsal  contour  a  little  more  arched 
than  the  vential.  It  is  covered  with  rather  small  scales,  Avhich  are  mostly 
ctenoid  and  of  subequal  size ;  they  are  smaller  and  cycloid  ou  the  nape, 
breast  and  abdomen,  and  on  the  extreme  dorsal  and  ventral  surfaces. 
Genital  papilla  large  and  foliate. 

First  dorsal  originating  a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  pectoral  ;  it 
is  rounded  and  low,  the  longest  spine  being  shorter  than  its  basal  length, 
and  just  reaching  the  base  of  the  second  dorsal  when  adpressed.  Second 
dorsal  higher  than  the  first,  the  sixth  to  eighth  rays  longest,  and  the 
margin  feebly  rounded.  Anal  almost  opposite,  and  of  similar  form  to  the 
second  dorsal.  Pectoral  rounded,  the  middle  rays  almost  reaching  the 
vertical  of  the  anterior  dorsal  ray.  Ventrals  inserted  below  the  anterior 
portion  of  the  peetoial  base,  the  fourth  rays  longest  and  reaching  about 
three-fourths  of  their  distance  from  the  vent.     Caudal  rounded. 

Colour. — Brown,  darker  above  and  lighter  below  ;  the  sides  with 
indistinct  and  interrupted  series  of  dark  lines  along  the  rows  of  scales. 
Several  indefinite  dark  lines  radiate  backward  from  the  eye,  and  the 
upper  base  of  the  pectoral  bears  a  dark  blotch.  First  dorsal  with  a 
broad  white  border,  the  remainder  of  both  fins  dusky  and  ornamented 
with  closely  set  angular  brown  markings ;  the  rays  of  all  the  other  fins 
are  speckled  with  brown. 

Described  from  a  specimen  155  mm.  long,  from  Samoa.  It  appears 
to  be  similar  to  many  others  from  New  Caledonia  and  the  New  Hebrides, 
and  apparentl)'  differs  in  only  trifling  details  from  an  Indian  example. 

X,or.s. — Northern  Queensland;  old  collection,  t^uoensland  Museum. 
Oubatche,  New  Caledonia  ;  coll.  C.  Hedley.  Santo,  New  Hebrides.  Samoa  ; 
coll.  Professor  Jordan,  1902.     Calcutta,  India;   Dr.  Day's  collection. 

Elkotkis  oxycephalds,  Temniiiick  ^-  Schlegd. 

Eleotris  oxycephaJui^-,  Temminck  &  Schlegel,  Fauna  Japonica,  Poiss., 
1845,  p.  150,  pi.  Ixxvii.,  fig.  4-5.  Id.,  Kuer,  Reise  "  Novara",  Zool., 
i.,  Fische,  1865,  p.  185. 

Kner  recorded  Eleotris  oxycephalus,  Schlegel,  from  Sydney,  but  the 
species  certainly  does  not  occur  in  New  South  Wales.  The  localities 
recorded  for  many  of  the  "  Novara  "  fishes  are  known  to  be  incorrect. 


270  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEDM. 

The  affinities  of  the  following  seven  species  are  unknown  to  us. 

(Eleotris)  castelnadi,  Mudeay. 

Eleotris  ohsrnras,  Castelnau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  1873,  p.  13-4  (not  of 
Schlegel). 

Eleotris  cdstehniitl,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  620 
— substitute  name. 

Loc. — Fremautle,  West  Australia  (Castelnau). 

(Eleotris)  planiceps,  Cadelnan. 
Eleotris  ylanicejjs,  Castelnau,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  iii.,  1878,  p.  49. 
Loc. — Norman  River,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria  (Castelnau). 

(Eleotris)  pallida,  Castelnau. 

Eleotris  pallida,  Castelnau,  Res.   Fisli.   Austr.    (Vict.   Offic.    Rec.   Philad. 
Exhib.),  1875,  p.  24. 

Loc. — Cape  York  (Castelnau). 

(Eleotris)  melbournensis,  Sauvage. 

Eleotris   (Eleotriodes)   melbournensis,  Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  (7),  iv., 
1880,  p.  57. 

Loc. — Melbourne  (Sanvage). 

(Eleotris)   robdstds.  Be  Vis. 
Eleotris  robastiis,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  692. 
Loc. — Queensland  coast  (De  Vis). 

(Eleotris)  sulcaticollis,  Castelnau. 

Eleotris  sulcaticollis,  Castlenau,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  iii.,  1878,   p. 
142. 

Loc Brisbane  River  (Castelnau). 

(Eleotris)   striata,  Slfimlaciuier. 

Eleotris  striata,  Steindaclmer,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  liii.,  1866,  p.  452. 

Apparently  near  Motjurnda  adspersa,   but  differing,   according   to   the 
descrijjtioii,  in  details  of  the  squamation. 

Loc. — Port  Jackson  (Steindachner). 


AL'SIKALIAN    (lOlUIPiE McCULLOCII    AND    OflHJ'.Y.  271 

Genus  Butis,  lileeker. 

Jiiitis,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tiitlschr.  Ned.  liid.,  xi.,  1S5G,  p.  412  (I'Jleufrii  Initis, 
Buchanan). 

Body  robust,  compressed  ;  liead  depressed,  tlie  snout,  produced  with 
the  mandible  projecting'.  Scales  laige  and  angular,  with  one  or  more 
scalelets  covei'ing  tlieir  basal  poi'tions  ;  they  nve  everywhere  sti-ongly 
ctenoid,  and  extend  forward  to  the  nostrils  and  cover  the  sides  of  the 
head.  Naked  mncigerous  canals  extend  from  the  snout,  around  each  side 
of  the  interorbital  area,  to  the  shoulder  and  around  the  preopercular 
border ;  they  are  defined  by  distinct  osseous  crests.  Several  open  pores 
are  ])resent  on  the  preopei-cular  border.  Mouth  large,  oblique  ;  teeth  in 
a  band  in  each  jaw,  and  either  uniformly  villiform  or  with  the  outer  series 
enlarged.  Tongue  spatulate,  free  anteriorly.  No  barbies.  Gill-openings 
extending  well  forward  below,  the  isthmus  narrow;  exposed  edge  of  the 
shoulder-girdle  smooth.  Pseudobranchife  present;  anterior  gill-rakers  of 
the  first  arch  stout,  about  six  on  the  lower  limb.  Dorsal  fins  short,  with 
about  vi/9  rays ;  anal  similar  to  the  second  dorsal.  Pectorals  narrowly 
rounded,  without  fi-ee  rays.  Ventrals  i/5,  widely  separated,  tlie  fourth 
rays  longest.      Caudal  narrowly  rounded. 

The  above  definition  is  based  on  B.  hntis  and  B.  amhoiiieiisis. 

Bdtis  amboinensis  (Bleel-er),  Bay. 
(Plate  xxxvi.,  fig,  4). 

Elentrifi  amhoinejisis,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  v.,  1853,  p.  343.  Id., 
Giinthei',  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  117.  LI,  Buy,  Fish. 
India,  1876,  p.  316. 

Eleotris  buccata,  BIyth,  Journ.  Asiat.  Soc.  Bengal,  1860,  p.  145. 

Butis  ainhoinensis,  Bleeker,  "  Eleotriformes",  1874,  p.  5 — fide  Day. 

Prionohutis  buccata,  Bleeker,  Ibid., — Jide  Day. 

Eleotris  longicauda,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  691. 

Bntis  lougieanda,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  xxiii.,  1910,  p.  22. 

Eleotris  papa  (De  Vis,  M.  S.)  Ogilby,  Ibid.,  p.  24. 

Eleotris  butis,  Ramsay  &  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales  (2),  i., 
1886,  p.  8  (not  E.  butis,  Buchanan). 

D.  vi/9;  A.  9;  P.  17;  V.  i/5;  C.  15.  29  scales  between  the  axil 
and  the  hypnral  joint,  and  11  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  before  the  dorsal  fin  47  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint; 
head  28  in  the  same.  Eye  61  in  the  head,  and  208  in  the  snout,  which 
is  2'9  in  the  head.  Interorbital  space  one-third  broader  than  the  eye,  1'3 
in  the  snout.  Depth  of  caudal  peduncle  203  in  its  length,  which  is  1*3 
in  the  head.     Breadth  before  the  pectoi-als  slightly  less  than  the  depth. 

Head  depressed,  much  broader  than  deep  ;  its  upper  profile  slightly 
concave.  Sharp  bony  ridges  are  piesent  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head 
between  the  nostrils,  surrounding  the  orbits,  above  the  opercular  margins, 


272  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

and  around  the  preopercular  border.  Mucigerous  canals  covered  by  thin 
membrane  follow  these  bony  ridges,  and  are  perforated  along  their  length 
by  open  pores.  Scales  cover  the  cheeks  and  opercles,  and  all  of  the  snout 
posterior  to  the  hinder  nostril  ;  they  are  small  on  the  anterior  half  of  the 
head,  larger  on  the  opercles,  and  bear  many  minute  scalelets  on  their 
basal  portions.  Orbit  breaking  the  upper  profile  of  the  head,  the  eye 
small  and  lateral.  Interorbital  space  flat,  and  scaly  to  the  orbital  margins, 
the  scales  being  subdivided  into  three  series  by  the  bony  crests.  Snout 
depressed,  somewhat  sharply  rounded.  Nostrils  about  midway  between 
the  eye  and  the  end  of  the  snout,  the  anterior  in  a  low  tube.  Mouth  a 
little  oblique,  the  maxilla  extending  back  to  about  the  vertical  of  the 
anterior  border  of  the  eye.  Mandible  projecting  beyond  the  upper  jaw. 
Each  jaw  with  a  band  of  villiform  teeth,  which  is  broadest  anteriorly  and 
narrows  backwards ;  the  posterior  rows  are  slightly  larger  than  the 
anterior  ones,  and  there  is  an  outer  I'ow  of  slightly  enlarged  conical  teeth. 
Tongue  free,  broadly  spatulate.  Gill-openings  very  wide,  extending 
forward  to  below  the  middle  of  the  eye,  the  membranes  united  across  the 
isthmus  ;  the  latter  about  as  wide  as  the  eye.  Exposed  edge  of  shoulder- 
girdle  smooth. 

Body  subcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly.  It  is  closely 
covered  with  large  angular  ctenoid  scales  of  almost  uniform  size,  which 
also  cover  the  breast  and  base  of  the  pectorals.  At  the  base  of  each  are 
two  or  three  small  scalelets.     Genital  papilla  well  developed. 

First  dorsal  originating  above  the  anterior  third  of  the  pectoral, 
rounded  ;  the  second  spine  is  longest,  about  as  long  as  the  snout,  and  the 
membrane  from  the  last  does  not  nearly  reach  the  second  dorsal.  The 
margin  of  the  second  dorsal  is  straight,  the  second  ray  longest,  and  the 
othei's  decieasing  slightly  backwards.  Anal  originating  below  the  third 
dorsal  ray,  and  terminating  behind  the  last  ;  its  rays  increase  in  length 
backwards.  Pectoral  rounded,  the  middle  rays  reaching  the  vertical  of 
the  first  dorsal  ray.  Ventrals  inserted  below  the  hinder  half  of  the 
operculum,  and  leaching  about  two-thirds  of  their  distance  from  the  vent. 
Caudal  broadly  rounded. 

Colour-marMng. — Light  brown  in  alcohol,  variegated  with  darker  cross- 
bars, disposed  in  about  five  paii's ;  darker  lines  extend  along  the  series  of 
scales,  and  scattered  blackish  dots  are  present  on  the  head  and  bod}'.  A 
broad  dark  streak  extends  across  the  snout  to  the  eye,  and  is  continued 
backwards  across  the  preopeiculum.  Anterior  dorsal  marbled  with 
blackish-brown  on  a  lighter  ground  colour,  and  a  broad  light  margin. 
Second  dorsal  with  oblique  rows  of  dark  dots  on  the  raj-s.  Anal  dark, 
with  a  whitish  bordei' ;  some  large  white  dark-edged  ocelli  between  the 
rays.  Lower  [)ortion  of  the  caudal  similai"  to  the  anal,  a  bioad  [)ortion  of 
the  upper  half  and  a  narrow  lower  margin  white.  Ventials  variegated 
with  brown  and  white,  and  having  a  broad  white  margin.  Pectorals  light 
coloured,  with  a  striking  quadiangular  bhickish  blotch  on  a  light  ground 
colour  at  the  base  of  the  rays. 

Described  and  figured  from  a  specimen  133  mm.  long  Eight  others 
95-153  mm.  long,  are  siniiinr  in  all  details,  varying  only  in  the  degi-ee  of 
the  development  of  the  colour-marking. 


ADSTIv-AMAN    (iOIUIP/K Mcrri.r.OCII    AMI    0(111, i;v.  273 

Ide)itifij  a)>d  Si/noiiijniy. — We  have  compared  tliese  RpecimeiiR  with 
an  example  of  7).  (Otiholneiixig  from  the  Aiidjiniaii  iHlaiids,  wliich  was 
identified  by  Dr.  Day,  and  find  no  dilTerence  between  tliem  ;  it  must  be 
noted,  however,  tliat  Day  was  not  certain  that  his  specimens  were  correctly 
identified.  We  have  examined  tlie  cotypes  of  J'JIcafris  hufjirmtda,  De  Vis, 
which  are  similar  to  the  specimens  described  above. 

Ajfinitics. — 7>.  amboinoiftis  differs  fi-oiri  11.  hiilin,  witli  an  Indian 
specimen  of  which  we  have  compaied  It,  in  having  a  sliorter  maxilla,  and 
in  having-  the  outer  row  of  teeth  in  each  jaw  enlarged. 

Locs. — We  have  examined  specimens  fiom  the  following  localities. — 
Brisbane  River,  Queensland.  Strickland  Rivei-,  Papua.  Ugi,  Solomon 
Islands. 

Genus  Asterropterix,  liiipjK'U. 

Asterropterix,  Riippell,  Atlas  Reise  Nordl.  Afrika,  Fische,  1828,  p.  138 
(A.  semipanciatas,  Riippell).  Id.,  Jordan  &  Evermann,  Bull.  U.S. 
Fish.  Comm.,  xxiii.  i.,  1905,  p.  480. 

Brachyeleotris,  Bleeker,  Versl.  Akad.  Amst.  (2),  viii.,  1874.  p.  374  (Eleotris 
cyanostigma,  Bleeker). 

Priolepis,  Ehrenberg — fide  Bleekei%  Arch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p. 
305. 

Asterropterix  semipdnctatds,  Riippell. 

Asterropterix  semljmnctatus,  Riippell,  Atlas  Reise  Nordl.  Afrika,  Fische, 
1828,  p.  138,  pi.  xxxiv.,  fig.  4.  Id.,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish. 
Bureau,  xxv.,  1906,  p.  385,  pi.  xxxvi.,  fig.  1. 

Eleotris  cyanostigma,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  viii.,  1855,  p.  452. 
Id.,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  693.  Id., 
Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  753. 

Eleotriodes  cyanostigma,  Bleeker,  Nat.  Tijd.  Ned.  Ind.,  xv.,  1858,  p.  460. 

Brachyeleotris  cyanostigma,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Nt'erl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874  p 
306. 

Eleotris  semijmnctatns,  Giinther,  Fische  Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  187,  pi.  cxi., 
fig.  d. 

Asterropteryx  cyanostigma,  Snyder,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Comm.,  xxii.,  1904,  p. 
536. 

Asterropteryx  semipnnrtatns,  Jordan  &  Evermann,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish  Comm., 
xxiii.  i.,  1905,  p.  480.  Id.,  Ogilby,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  iii.,  1915,  p. 
125,  pi.  xxix.,  fig.  2. 

Locs. — This  species  has  been  recorded  from  Somerset,  Cape  York,  by 
De  Vis.,  and  from  Bowen  by  Giinther. 


274  RECORDS    OP   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Genus  Philypnopon,   JUeel-er. 

Philypnodon,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Noerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  301  (Eleotria 
nndiceps^  Castelnau).  hi.,  Waite,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.  5,  1904,  p. 
284. 

Gymnobufis,  Bleeker,  Ibid.,  p.  304  (Eleotris  gymnocephal/is,  Steindachner). 

Ophiorrhinus,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.TVale.s,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  745 
(Eleotris  grandiceps,  Krefft). 

Philypnodon  nudiceps,  Gastelmui. 

Eleotris  (Philypmis)  nndiceps,  Castlenau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  i.,  1872, 
p.  126. 

Fhilypnodon   nndiceps,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Nt'erl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p.  301. 

Eleotris  nudiceps,  Sauvage,  Bull.  Soc.  Philom.  (7),  iv.,  1880,  p.  53.  Id., 
Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  619. 

OpIiiorrJiiiius  nndiceps,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,   1897,  p. 

748. 

Loc. — Lower  Yarra  River,  Victoria  (Castelnau). 

Philypnodon  gkandiceps,  Krefft. 

Eleotris  grandiceps,  Krefft,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1864,  p.  183.  7(7.,  Giinther, 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (3),  xx.,  1867,  p.  62.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  618. 

Eleotris  gymnocephalns,  Steindachner,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wein,  liii.,  1866, 

p.  453,  pi.  ii.,  fig.  3.     Id.,  Gunther,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist  (3),  xx., 

1867,  p.  62. 
Gyinnohutis  gymnocephalns,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Nt'erl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix.,  1874,  p. 

304.     Id.,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  pp.  753, 

757. 
Ophiorrhinus  grandiceps,  Ogilby,  Loc.  cit.,  p.  746. 
Ophiorrhinus  angustifrous,  Ogilb}^  Loc.  cit.,  xxii.,  1898,  p.  793. 

Philypnodon  gra7uliceps,W fiiie,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.  1904,  p.  285,  pl.xxxvi. 
fig.  2  (synonymy). 

Hah. — New  South  Wales. 

Genus  Ophiocaka,  dill. 

Ophiocara,  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  1863,  p.  270  (Eleotris 
ophiocephalus,  Cuvier  &  Valenciennes). 

Body  robust,  compressed,  the  head  large  and  broad.  Scales  large, 
mostly  ctenoid  on  the  body  and  cycloid  on  the  head  ;  there  are  28-38 
between  the  axil  and  the  hypuial  joint,  and  they  extend  foiward  on  the 
upper  surface  of  tlie  head  to  bof(H-o  the  |)osterior  noHtrils,  and  conipk>tely 
cover   the  clieeks  and   opercles.      Mncigerous  canals  of  the  liead  almost 


AUSTKAIJA.V    (iUHIIK-l-; — McCULLOCU    AN'I)    0(iII,l!Y.  275 

hidden  in  ilie  scales  ;  some  large  open  poies  on  the  Knout,  intei-orbital 
space,  nuchal  ^loove,  and  preoperculai' niarfi;in.  Eye  of  moderate  size,  the 
iuteiorbital  Bi)ace  broad  and  tlat.  JSnout  obtuse,  the  mandible  projecting  ; 
no  barbies.  Each  jaw  with  a  band  of  villiforni  teeth,  and  an  outer  row 
of  stronger  ones.  Tongue,  broad,  subtruncate,  and  free  anteriorly.  Gill- 
openings  wide,  extending  well  forward  below,  the  space  between  them 
either  narrow  or  of  moderate  width  ;  exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle 
forming  a  smooth  curved  ridge.  Pseudobranchifo  present  ;  anterior 
gill-rakers  of  the  first  arch  broad  and  short,  about  nine  on  tlie  lower  limb. 
Dorsal  and  anal  fins  short,  with  six  spines  and  about  nine  rays.  Pectoral 
and  caudal  rounded  ;   veutrals  i/5,  widely  separated. 

Key  to  tlie  Australian  species. 

a.  Preoperciilar  margin  hidden  liy  the  scales  ;  siipraciliary  scales  present. 

b.  About  30  scales  between  the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint aporos. 

aa.  Preopercular  margins  exposed  and  free  ;  no  supraciliary  scales. 

c.  About  37  scales  between  the  axil  and  the  hyi^ui'al  joint darwiniensis. 

Ophiocara  aporos,  Bleeker. 

Eleotris    aporos,    Bleekei-,    Nat.    Tijd.   Ned.    Ind.,   vi.,    1854,   p.    59.      hi., 

Giinther,   Brit.    Mas.   Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  lO'J.     LL,  Kner,   Reise 

"  Novara",  Zool.,  i.,  Fisch.   2,   1865,  p.  183.     Id.,  Giinther,  Ann.  Mag. 

Nat.  Hist.  (3),  XX.,  1867,  p.  62.     Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S. 

Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  616. 
Eleotris  aporas,  Bleeker,  Nederl.  Tijd.  Dierk.,  ii.,  1865,  p.  293.     Td.,  Weber, 

Nova  Guinea,  v.,  1907,  p.  252. 
Ophiocara  aporns,  Bleekei',  Versl.  Akad.  Amst.  (2),  xi.,  1877,  p.  33. 
^  Eleotria  pdrdccphaloides,   Klunzinger,   Sitzb.   Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i., 

1879,  p.  384  (not  of  Bleeker). 
Eleotris  jdaniceps,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  viii.,  1883,  p.  206 

(not  of  Castelnau,  1878,  nor  of  Macleay,  1882). 

Eleotris  aporocephalns,  Macleay,  Ibid.,  ix.,  1884,  p.  33 — substitute  name. 

Ophiocara  aporos,  Jordan  &  Seale,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxv.,  1906,  p. 
384.  Id.,  Jordan  &  Richardson,  Bull.  U.S.  Fish.  Bureau,  xxvii., 
1908,  p.  274. 

D.  vi/9  ;  A.  10  ;  P.  14;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  29  rows  of  scales  between 
the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  10  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and 
anal  rays. 

Depth  before  the  ventrals  about  5  in  the  length  from  the  premaxillary 
symphysis  to  the  hypural  joint  ;  head,  without  the  mandible,  3"2  in  the 
same.  Eye  71  in  the  head,  and  3  in  the  interocular  sj)ace  ;  it  is  much 
shorter  than  the  snout.  Breadth  before  the  pectoral  bases  about  equal  to 
the  depth  ;   the  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  is  to  its  length  as  2  is  to  3. 

Head  broader  than  deep,  flat  above,  and  almost  entirely  covered  with 
large  cycloid  scales  ;  these  extend  forward  almost  to  the  level  of  the 
anterior  nostrils  on  the  upper  surface,  and  those  on  the  nape  havecrenulate 


276  RECORDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

margins  and  are  larger  than  the  body  scales  ;  there  are  sixteen  rows  in 
front  of  the  first  dorsal.  A  mucigerous  canal  is  present  above  the  eye, 
which  defines  a  patch  of  sapraciliary  scales  ;  two  others  extend  across  the 
cheek,  but  the  remainder,  including  the  parietal  groove,  are  hidden  beneath 
the  scales.  Preopercular  mai'gin  not  free,  almost  completely  hidden  by 
the  scales  ;  an  open  pore  near  its  angle.  Eye  rather  small,-  lateral,  and 
situated  Avithin  the  anterior  third  of  the  head  ;  it  is  close  to  the  upper 
profile.  Interorbital  space  very  broad  and  flat.  Snout  broadly  rounded, 
with  a  knob  formed  by  the  posterior  premaxillary  processes  ;  mandible 
projecting,  the  symphysis  angular.  Mouth  oblique,  the  maxilla  reaching 
to  below  the  anterior  third  of  the  eye.  Nostrils  well  separated,  the 
anterior  in  a  low  tube  near  the  lip,  the  posterior  a  simple  opening 
near  the  eye.  Each  jaw  with  a  band  of  villiform  teeth,  and  an  outer 
row  of  stronger  ones.  Tongue  broad,  subtruncate  and  free  anteriorly. 
Gill-openings  extending  forward  almost  to  below  the  middle  of  the 
preoperculum,  the  space  separating  them  wider  than  the  eye.  Exposed 
edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle  forming  a  smooth  curved  ridge  ;  a  sharp 
angle  at  its  junction  with  the  lower  margin  of  the  gill-opening. 

Body  robust,  subcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly.  The 
scales  are  large  and  mostly  ctenoid,  but  are  cycloid  on  the  breast  and  base 
of  the  pectoral  ;  they  extend  up  between  the  bases  of  the  pectoral  and 
caudal  rays.  Genital  papilla  large  and  broadly  rounded,  with  fimbriate 
edges. 

First  dorsal  commencing  above  the  hinder  half  of  the  pectoral,  its 
margin  rounded  ;  the  third  spine  is  longest  but  does  not  reach  the  second 
dorsal  when  adpressed.  Second  dorsal  somewhat  rounded,  the  seventh 
ray  longest,  and  reaching  about  two-thirds  of  its  distance  from  the  hypural 
joint.  Anal  of  similar  form  to  the  second  dorsal,  its  origin  and  termination 
a  little  behind  those  of  that  fin.  Pectoral  rounded,  the  median  raj's 
almost  reaching  the  vertical  of  the  interspace  between  the  two  dorsals. 
Ventrals  widely  separated,  the  fourth  I'ays  longest,  and  reaching  about 
three-fourths  of  their  distance  from  the  vent.      Caudal   broadly  rounded. 

Colour. — Brown  above,  after  long  preservation,  white  below.  Two 
.dark  bars  extend  obliquely  downward  from  the  eye  to  the  operculum,  and 
a  third  crosses  the  operculum  to  the  pectoral  base  ;  this  last  has  a  light 
patch  on  its  upper  portion,  and  there  is  a  dark  bar,  followed  by  a  lighter 
one,  at  the  bases  of  the  rays.  The  sides  of  the  body  have  indications  of 
several  longitudinal  stripes.  The  fins  are  dark  in  colour,  and  the  dorsals, 
anal,  and  ventrals  have  each  a  broad  light  margin. 

Described  from  a  specimen  284  mm.  long,  which  is  one  of  the  cotypes 
of  Eleutn's  plaiiiccps,  Macleay  (=2?.  ajjordcepltaliiti,  Macleay).  It  clearly 
shows  the  cephalic  coloui'-markings  which  were  said  to  be  wanting  by 
Macleay,  but  it  seems  that  tliese  dark  bars  are  sometimes  more  pronounced 
in  old  preserved  specimens  than  in  those  which  are  fresher. 

Idriititji. — We  have  compared  this  example  with  a  specimen  from  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  which  was  leceived  from  Dr.  F.  Day  as  0.  ujioi-uc,  and 
find  the  two  similar  in  all  details. 


AUSrUALIAN    tini;il|),K McCUM^DCII    AN'D    0(111, I!Y.  277 

Lncs. — Eleven  specimens  similar  to  the  example  described  are  in  tlie 
Australian  Museum  from  the  following  localities. — Lillesmere  Lagoons, 
Burdekin  River;  cotypes  of  E.  planiceps.  Cairns,  Queensland,  flazelle 
Peninsula,  New  Britain.  Solomon  Islands.  Fiji.  Malay  Archif)elag(). 
Eleven  specimens  are  in  the  Queensland  Museum  from  the  Buidekin 
River,  the  Barron  River,  and  Ingham,  Queensland. 

OrmocAKA  DAKVViNiBNSis,  Macletiij. 

A(jonoi<toiiia  danriiiicusc,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S. Wales,  ii.,  1878,  p. 
360,  pi.  ix.,  fig.  8. 

Eleotris  darwluieiisis,  Macleay,   Ihid.,  iv.,  1879,  pp.  63,  425,  and  v.,   1881, 
p.  616. 

/Eleotris   ophiorcphaliis,   Klunziuger,  Sitzb.    Akad.   Wiss.   Wieu,  Ixxx.   i., 
1879,  p.  384. 

Eleotris    ophiocepkalas,    Macleay,   Proc.   Linu.   Soc.   N.S.Wales,   v.,  1881, 

p.  615. 
Eleotris poroce'phalus yOgWhy ,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  755. 

D.  vi/9;  A.  8;  P.  16;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  37  rows  of  scales  between 
the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  14  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and 
anal  rays. 

Depth  before  the  ventrals  about  5  in  the  lengtli  from  the  premaxillary 
symphysis  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  without  the  mandible,  4  in  tha 
same.  Eye  5-2  in  the  head,  and  1*8  in  the  interorbital  space  ;  it  is  a  little 
shorter  than  the  snout.  Breadth  before  the  pectoral  bases  I'l  in  the 
depth  ;  depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  1"3  in  its  length. 

Head  broader  than  deep,  flat  above,  and  almost  entirely  covered  with 
scales  of  moderate  size  ;  they  extend  forward  to  before  the  posterior  nostrils 
on  the  upper  surface,  and  some  on  the  nape  are  a  little  larger  than  the 
body-scales  ;  some  of  the  scales  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head  and  cheek 
are  cycloid,  but  the  remainder  are  ctenoid ;  there  are  about  twenty-one 
before  the  dorsal  fin.  No  distinct  mucigerous  system  above  the  eye,  and 
no  supraciliaiy  scales.  Several  rows  of  microscopic  mucigerous  papillae 
extend  downward  from  the  eye,  and  two  others  cross  the  cheek  horizon- 
tally, while  further  series  are  present  above  and  behind  the  preopercular 
margin,  and  beneath  the  mandible.  Preopercular  margin  free  and  exposed  ; 
several  large  open  pores  ai-e  present  around  its  border,  along  the  parietal 
groove,  and  above  the  nostrils.  Eye  of  moderate  size,  superolateral,  bat 
not  cutting  the  upper  profile  ;  it  is  situated  within  the  anterior  half  of  the 
head.  Interorbital  space  very  broad  and  flat.  Snout  broadly  rounded, 
its  upper  profile  scarcely  interrupted  by  a  knob  formed  by  the  posterior 
processes  of  the  premaxillaries ;  mandible  projecting,  the  symphysis 
>'ounded.  Mouth  oblique,  the  maxilla  reaching  to  below  the  middle  of 
the  eye.  Nostrils  separated,  the  anterior  tubular  and  overhanging  the 
lip,  the  posterior  with  dermal  margins  and  near  the  eye.  P^ach  jaw  with 
a  band  of  villiform  teeth,  and  an  outer  row  of  larger  conical  ones ;  in  the 
mandible  the  outer  row  is  wanting  laterally,  and  is  replaced  with  a  row  of 
enlarged  inner  teeth.  Tongue  broad,  subtrnncate  and  free  anteriorly. 
Gill-openings  extending  forward  to  below  the  hinder  margin  of   the  eye, 


278  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTKALIAN    MUSEUM. 

the  space  sepai-atiug  them  narrower  tlian  the  eye.  Exposed  edge  of  the 
shoukler-girdle  a  smooth  lidge,  and  forming  an  angle  at  its  junction  with 
the  lower  margin  of  the  gill-opening. 

Body  robust,  subcylindrical  anteriorly,  compressed  posteriorly. 
The  scales  are  of  moderate  size,  and  everywhere  ctenoid  except  on  the 
breast  and  base  of  the  pectoral ;  they  cover  the  bases  of  the  pectoral  rays, 
and  extend  up  between  those  of  the  caudal.  Genital  papilla  large, 
subquadrate,  its  hinder  margins  fimbriate. 

First  dorsal  rounded,  originating  above  the  middle  of  the  pectoral  ; 
the  third  spine  is  the  longest,  but  does  not  reach  the  second  dorsal  when 
adpressed.  Dorsal  rays  increasing  in  length  to  the  penultimate,  which 
reaches  three-fourths  of  its  distance  from  the  hypural  joint.  Anal  opposite, 
and  similar  in  form  to  the  second  dorsal.  Pectoral  rounded,  reaching  to 
below  the  middle  of  the  interspace  between  the  two  dorsal  fins.  Venti^als 
widely  separated,  their  fourth  rays  longest  and  reaching  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  their  distance  from  the  vent.     Caudal  broadly  rounded. 

Colour -marlcing. — Dark  brown  above  after  long  preservation,  light 
below ;  the  sides  bear  dark  longitudinal  stripes  between  each  row  of  scales, 
and  the  central  portion  of  many  of  the  scales  is  occupied  by  a  light  spot. 
The  sides  of  the  head  likewise  bear  a  few  light  spots,  but  are  otherwise 
uniformly  dark  in  colour.  The  membrane  of  the  vertical  fins  is  dark 
between  the  rays,  and  the  second  dorsal  and  caudal  bear  numerous 
pronounced  yellowish  ocelli  in  irregular  rows ;  similar  ocelli  are  indicated 
on  the  first  dorsal,  but  they  are  absent  from  the  anal.  The  margin  of  the 
second  dorsal,  and  the  upper  and  lower  borders  of  the  caudal  are  light 
coloured,  while  the  anal  is  broadly  margined  with  yellow.  Ventrals 
dusky  with  lighter  margins. 

Described  from  a  specimen  187  mm.  long,  which  is  one  of  fifteen 
cotypes  preserved  in  the  Macleay  Museum.  The  others,  which  range 
from  43-190  mm.  in  length,  exhibit  but  little  variation  in  their  coloui-- 
marking,  though  the  white  spots  are  scarcely  developed  in  the  smallest 
specimens. 

Colour. — An  example  241  mm.  long,  secured  alive  by  one  of  us  at 
Cooktown,  presented  the  following  colouration.  Dorsal  surface  olive- 
green,  closely  vermiculated  with  dai'k  brown  ;  sides  dai'k  blue  shot  with 
green,  most  of  the  scales  with  a  large  greenish-white  spot ;  under  surfaces 
dusky  grey,  changing  to  white  near  the  vent.  Sides  of  the  head  similar 
to  the  body,  but  with  fewer  and  smaller  light  spots  ;  throat  dusky,  witli 
large  light  blotches.  Fij-st  dorsal  dusky  olive,  shot  with  blue  and  green. 
Second  dorsal  dusky  olive  below,  clearer  above,  the  luys  darker  ;  numerous 
bluish-white  spots  between  the  rays  forming  very  irregular  rows,  and 
extending  high  up  between  the  posterior  ra3'8  ;  a  broad  orange  margin 
between  the  second  and  seventh  raj's.  Caudal  pale  blue,  the  I'ays  dark 
olive,  with  numerous  greenish-white  spots  basally  ;  an  imperfect  orange 
margin  above  and  below.  Anal  rich  blue  and  green,  the  i-ays  darker  ;  a 
dark  snbmaiginal  ill-defined  band,  and  a  broad  oi-ange  border.  Ventrals 
blue,  the  rays  olive,  with  an  imperfect  yellow  margin.  Pectoral  base 
without  darker  mai-kings  but  with  numei'ous  lighter  spots ;  the  luys  are 
dusky  olive  irregularly  spotted  with  black. 


APSTRAT.IAN    (^OnilD.T: McCnr.[,OCII    AND    OfllMlV.  279 

Identity. — We  retain  the  name  (hirviniensis  for  tliis  HpecioR  because 
we  are  nuable  to  satisfactorily  identify  it  with  any  of  tliose  doHci'ibod  from 
the  Kast  Indian  Arcdiipelago.  It  is  very  similar  to  O.  porocr/thdltoi,  witli 
representative  examples  of  whicli  wo  liave  compared  it,  but  the  light 
dorsal  and  candal  spots  olfer  a  striking  contrast  to  the  dark  markings  of 
those  fins  in  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes'  species. 

We  have  examined  the  specimen  recorded  as  0.  opliiocppliiihii^  by 
Macleaj'  from  Rockiiigham  Bay,  and  find  it  similai-  in  all  details  to  liis 
cotypes  of  ().  dKrwiuieusii^.  This  loads  ns  to  suppose  that  the  specimens 
recorded  b}-  Klnnzingei-  nnder  the  same  name  from  Port  Denison  and 
Port  Darwin,  also  belong  to  Macleay's  species. 

This  species  is  deemed  a  delicacy  by  the  Chinese  at  Cooktown, 
Queensland,  where  it  is  occasitmally  secured  in  large  quantities.  The  fish 
retains  its  vitality  for  some  hours  after  its  removal  from  the  water,  which 
is  an  important  factor  in  its  keeping  qualities  in  a  hot  climate. 

Loeit. — Port  Darwin,  North  Australia ;  cotypes  of  the  species. 
Melville  Island,  North  Australia ;  Queensland  Museum.  Cooktown, 
Queensland  ;  coll.  McCulloch,  June  1918.  Rockingham  Bay,  Queensland  ; 
Macleay  Museum,  as  Eleotris  ophiocephalus. 

Opiiiocara  macrolrpidota   (Bloch),  Ginither. 

Eleotris  luacrolepidotiis,  Giinther,  Fisch.  Siidsee,  vi.,  1877,  p.  18G,  pi.  cxii., 
fig.  b.  Id.,  Weber,  Zool.  Forschr.  Austr.,  v.,  1895,  p.  270.  Id., 
Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  754. 

Eleotris  tumifrons  (Cuvier  &  Valenciennes),  Ogilby,  Ihid.,  p.  755. 

Giinther  identified  North  Australian  specimens  as  E.  vuicrolepidotus, 
while  Weber  recorded  the  species  from  the  Burnett  River,  Queensland. 
It  is  possible  that  both  references  are  based  upon  examples  of  one  of  the 
species  described  above. 

Genus  Mogdrnda,  Gill. 

Mogurnda,  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Philad.,  1863,  p.  270  (Eleotris 
mognrnda,  Richardson).  Id.,  Bleeker,  Arch.  Neerl.  Sci.  Nat.,  ix., 
1874,  p.  303,  and  x  ,  1875,  pp.  103,  105. 

Krefftius,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  736  (Eleotris 
australis,  Krefft).  Id.,  Waite,  Rec.  Aust.  Mus.,  v.,  1904,  p.  281 — 
part. 

Body  rather  robust,  compressed,  the  head  large  and  broad.  Scales 
rather  large,  mostly  ctenoid  on  the  body  and  cycloid  on  the  head  ;  30-40 
between  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint;  the}'  extend  foi'ward  on  the 
upper  surface  of  the  head  to  between  the  posterior  nostrils,  and  cover  the 
cheek  and  operculum.  Rows  of  minute  pores  extend  around  the  eye, 
across  the  cheek,  behind  the  preoperculum  and  on  each  side  of  the 
mandible.  Mouth  moderate,  oblique,  lower  jaw  projecting  ;  no  barbies. 
A  band  of  villiform  teeth   in   each  jaw,  palate  toothless.     Tcmgue  broad, 


280  RECORDS  OP  THE  AUSTRALIAN  'MUSEUM. 

rounded  anteriorly  and  largely  free.  Gill-openings  separated  by  a  wide 
isthmus,  the  membranes  extending  forward,  but  not  united  across  it. 
Exposed  edge  of  the  slioulder-girdle  forming  a  smooth,  curved  ridge. 
Pseudobranchioe  present  ;  gill-rakers  of  first  gill-arch  short  and  spaced, 
about  eight  on  the  lower  limb.  Dorsal  with  7-9  spines,  and  9-14  I'ays, 
anal  with  9-14  rays.     Ventrals  sepai^ate,  with  i/5  rays.      Caudal  rounded. 

Affinities. — This  genus  is  very  similar  to  Ophiona-a,  Gill,  from  which 
it  differs  principally  in  its  physiognomy.  The  squamation  of  the  upper 
surface  of  the  head  is  very  different  in  typical  forms  of  the  two  genei^a, 
while  the  first  dorsal  has  usually  six  spines  in  Ophiocara  and  seven  to  nine 
in  Mofjnrnda,  but  some  species  exhibit  intermediate  characters  between 
these  extremes.  Odontohutis,  Bleekei',  is  also  closely  allied  to  Mogurnda, 
but  has  only  a  narrow  isthmus  separating  the  gill-openings,  over  which 
the  membranes  are  narrowly  united. 

Key  to  species. — 

a.     Dorsal  with  11-13  rays,  body  spotted.     Vertebrae  31 Subgenus  Mogurnda. 

b.  37-42  scales  between  the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint subspecies  mogurnda. 

bb.  30-35  scales  between  the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint subspecies  adspersus. 

aa.     Dorsal  with  9  rays,  body  striped.     Vertebrae  28 Subgenus  fi're/i ins. 

c.  31-33  scales  between  the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint australis. 

Mogurnda  mogurnda,  Richardson. 

Eleotris  mogurnda,  Richardson,  Ichth.  "Erebus  &  Terror",  1844,  p.  4,  pi. 
ii.,  fig.  1-2.  Id.,  Giinther,  Brit.  Mus.  Cat.  Fish.,  iii.,  1861,  p.  111. 
Id.,  Castelnau,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,  1873,  p.  85,  and  Res.  Fish. 
Austr.  (Vict.  Offic.  Rec.  Philad.  Exhib.),  1875,  p.  23.  Id.,  Klunzinger, 
Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p.  384.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  617. 

/Eleotris  mogurnda,  Weber,  Nova  Guinea,  v.,  1903,  p.  253,  and  Abhandl. 
Senckenb.  Naturforsch.  Gesellsch.,  xxxiv.,  1911,  p.  34,  pi.  i.,  fig.  2. 

Eleotris  larapintcp,  Zeitz,  Rept.  Horn  Sci.  Exp.  C.  Aust.,  ii.,  1896,  p.  179, 
pi.  xvi.,  fig.  4. 

D.  viii/13  ;  A.  12 ;  P.  16 ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  41-42  rows  of  scales 
between  the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  16  between  the  anterior 
doi'sal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  at  ventrals  3*5  in  the  length  between  the  premaxillary 
symphysis  and  the  hypui^al  joint ;  head  3'2  in  the  same.  Ej-e  5  in  the 
head,  shorter  than  the  snout,  which  is  4*2  in  the  head  ;  interocular  width 
almost  twice  as  wide  as  the  eye,  27  in  the  head.  Breadth  between  the 
bases  of  tlie  pectorals  1-4  in  the  depth  ;  depth  of  caudal  peduncle  2  in  the 
head.  Sixth  dorsal  spine  27,  last  dorsal  i-ay  1-5,  and  last  anal  ray  21  in 
the  head.     Pectoral  17,  caudal  13  in  the  head. 

Head  largely  covered  with  cycloid  scales,  which  extend  forward  to 
between  the  posterior  nostrils  above,  and  cover  the  cheek  and  operculum  ; 
snont  and  inaiidihh'  iiakiMl.      Rows  ol'  minute  pores  extend  from  above  the 


Arsil.'AMAN    CillMllt.t: McCI' r.l.i  M.'ll    AMI    ()i;il,|tV.  281 

nostrils,  over  and  beliiml  tlie  eye,  to  the  groove  above  the  opercles  ;  others 
cross  the  cheek  and  operculum,  and  extend  around  the  preopercular 
margin  and  onto  the  mandible  ;  no  large  open  pores.  Kyes  separated  by 
a  bi'oad,  flat,  interoi-bital  s[)ac'e  ;  some  small  impei'l'ect  scales  on  tlie  n[)per 
paj't  of  the  eye.  Snout  broadly  i-ounded,  the  mandible  projecting, 
ifouth  oblique,  the  maxilla  reaching  to  below  the  anterior  thiid  of  the 
eye.  Anterior  nostril  in  a  sliort  tube  near  the  li[),  the  jxisfeiior  a  simple 
opening  on  the  upper  surface  of  the  head.  A  broad  band  of  villiform 
teeth  in  each  jaw,  palate  toothless.  Tongue  rounded  anteriorly,  and 
largely  free.  Gill-openings  lateral,  and  continued  somewhat  forward 
below,  the  isthmus  separating  them  wider  than  the  eye.  Exposed  edge 
of  the  shoulder-girdle  smooth. 

Body  robust,  compressed  posteriorly,  covered  with  ctenoid  scales, 
which  extend  over  the  breast  and  bases  of  tlie  pectorals.  They  are  a 
little  larger  posteriorly  than  anteriorly.     Genital  papilla  well  developed. 

First  dorsal  fin  rather  low,  rounded,  and  commencing  well  behind 
the  pectoral  base  ;  the  penultimate  spine  is  longest,  and  reaches  beyond 
the  first  I'ay  when  adpressed.  Second  dorsal  oblong,  pointed  posteriorly, 
the  margin  sti^aight ;  the  penultimate  ray  is  longest,  and  reaches  the 
vei'tical  of  the  hypuiul  joint.  Anal  opposite  the  second  doi'sal,  and 
similar  in  foi'ra  thougli  a  little  more  I'ounded  anteriorly.  Pectoral 
rounded,  tlie  median  rays  longest,  and  almost  reaching  the  vertical  of 
the  last  dorsal  spine.  Ventral  inserted  below  the  pectoral-base,  the  fourth 
ray  longest,  and  reaching  about  two-thirds  of  its  distance  fi'om  the  vent. 
Caudal  broadly  rounded. 

Colour-marl-iiiij. — Light  brown  in  alcohol,  wnth  numerous  darker 
spots  along  the  middle  of  the  sides,  which  coalesce  posteriorly  into  two 
longitudinal  lines  enclosing  large  darker  and  lighter  blotches.  Two 
oblique  stripes  cross  the  cheek  from  the  eye,  and  are  continued  across  the 
opei^culum  ;  a  third  crosses  the  opetculam  and  the  base  of  the  pectoral  to 
a  dai'k  blotch  on  the  bases  of  the  I'ays.  First  doi'sal  dusky,  with  some 
obscure  darker  spots,  and  a  white  bolder.  Second  doi'sal  dusky,  with  a 
white  border  and  numerous  large  darker  spots  near  the  base  and  on  the 
posteiior  rays,  where  they  mingle  with  some  lighter  markings.  Anal 
with  markings  similar  to  tliose  of  the  second  dorsal.  Caudal  with  dark 
spots  between  the  rays  on  its  median  portion,  which  are  largest  near  the 
base. 

Described  from  an  adult  specimen  120  mm.  long,  from  Port  Essington, 
which  is  somewhat  faded,  but  exhibits  all  the  charactei'S  of  the  species. 

JdeiUlti/. — This  specimen,  and  the  others  referred  to  below,  differ 
from  Richardson's  description  of  E.  iiioijiirniJd,  also  from  Port  Essington, 
in  having  fewer  I'ays  in  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins,  but  it  must  be  noted 
that  Giinther  later  re-examined  the  types  and  found  them  constructed  as 
in  our  specimens.  Giinther  counted  forty-eight  scales  in  a  longitudinal 
series,  which  is  a  larger  number  than  we  find  in  any  of  oui^. 

Vitriatiou. — Three  specimens,  also  from  Port  Essington,  25-42  mm. 
long  without  the  caudal  fin,  exhibit  some  variation  in  the  number  of 
fin-rays  and  scales ;   D.   viii-ix/12-13  ;  A.  12  ;    oS-tO  scales  between  the 


282  HECORDP    OP    THE    AFSTRALIAX    MUSETM. 

axil  and  the  hypnral  joint,  and  15-16  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and 
anal  ravs.  In  other  specimens  the  nnmber  of  anal  ravs  varies  from 
11-14.   ' 

Si/nonyDiy. —  Three  examples,  45-63  mm.  long,  from  Red  Bank  Creek, 
Central  Australia,  and  received  for  examination  from  the  South  Australian 
Museum,  are  topotypes,  and  possibly  cotypes  of  Eleofria  lardfivtiv.,  Zietz. 
They  differ  from  the  description  of  that  species  in  having  the  maxilla 
extending  to  or  beyond  the  anterior  ocular  margin  instead  of  nearly  to  it 
as  described,  and  the  eye  is  more  instead  of  less  than  half  the  interoeular 
width;  D.  viii/12  ;  A.  11-12;  38-39  scales  between  the  axil  and  the 
hypural  joint.  Others  from  the  Finke  River,  Central  Australia,  are 
similar,  and  have  D.  viii-ix/13  ;  A.  11-12  ;  40  scales  between  the  axil  and 
the  hypural  joint.  These  specimens  are  quite  similar  to  the  larger 
example  described  above  as  37.  mognnidd. 

The  specimen  beautifully  figured  in  colour  by  Weber  from  the  Ana 
Islands  is  very  probably  correctly  identified  as  .V.  moijnnnhi,  but  his 
illustration  shows  sixteen  dorsal  rays,  which  is  more  than  we  find  in  any 
of  our  examples. 

Lncalifleg. — We  have  examined  nineteen  specimens  from  the  following 
localities.  Port  P^ssington,  Port  Darwin,  Catherine  Mines  and  Yam  Ci'eek 
in  the  Noi'theru  Territory.  Euraka  Creek,  Walsh  River,  Northern 
Queensland.     Red  Bank  Creek  and  the  Finke  River,  Central  Australia. 

Didrihittioii. — North  and  Cential  Australia.  ?Aru  Islands,  and  the 
western  and  southern  coasts  of  New  Guinea  (Weber). 

MOGURNDA  MOGDH-NKA,  liichd rilsaii . 

Subspecies  adsprrsds,  Castelnau. 

Eleotrlx  ii(hperstis,  Castelnau,   Proc.   Linn.   Soc.  N.S.Wales,   iii.,    1878,   p. 

142.      Id,   Macleay,   Proc.    Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,   1881,  p.   622. 

Id.,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  752. 
Eleotn'a  viivins,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.   Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,   1884,  p.  690. 

Id.,  Ogilby,  Loc.  cit.,  p.  754. 
Eleotris  coiicolor,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  692. 
Kreftius  luhpersu!^,  Ogilby,  Lor.  cit.,  xxii.,  1898,  p.  789.      Id.,  Waite,  Rec. 
'  Austr.  Mus.,  v.,  1904,  p.  282,  pi.  xxv.,  fig.  1.      Id.,  Ogilbv,  Proc.  Rov. 

Soc.  Qld.,  xxi.,  1908,  p.  98. 
Eleotrix  nnxjiirndit,  Bleeker,  Nederl.  Tijdsclir.  Dierk.,  ii.,  1865,  p.  71.      Id., 

Steindachner,   Sitzb.   Akad.  Wiss.    Wien,  Ivi.   i.,   1867,   p.   326.     Id., 

Castelnau,    Proc.    Linn.    Soc.    N.S.Wales,    iii.,    1879,    p.    358.     Id., 

Ogilbv,  Cat.  Fish.  N.S.Wales,  1886,  p.  36  (pai'O-     i^^^  E.  vuHjnnidn, 

Rich.) 
Mnqnnida   niucftinidit,   Ogilby,   Proc.  Linn.  Soc.   N.S.Wales',   xxi.,    1897,   p. 

757.      /(/".,  Waite,  Rec. "^Austr.  Mus.,  v.,  1904,  p.    282,  and   Mem.  N.S. 

Wales  Nat.  Club,  ii.,  1904,  p.  45. 

D.  vi-ix/11-14;  A.  11-14;  P.  15-16;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  30-35  scales 
between  the  axil  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  12-14  between  the  anterior 
doi'sal  and  iiiial  rays. 


AISI  l.'Al.l.W    (iiilillli.K Mcrn.l.nril    ANH    (m,||,|;v.  283 

Proportions  of  ii  speciiiit'ii  ll2iiiiii.  loiif?,  Iroiii  15iiii(l;il)('i'p,  (^ueoiis- 
laiid,  Hgured  by  Waite  (Ijor.  cif.).  Deptli  at  veiitiuls  'AU  in  the  lengfli 
between  the  preniaxillary  Hyniphvsis  and  tlie  liyparal  joint  ;  liead  'Al  in 
the  same.  Eye  56  in  the  head,  shorter  than  the  snout,  which  is  4"(j  in 
the  head  ;  iuterocular  space  twice  as  wide  as  tlie  eye,  2"8  in  the  head. 
Breadth  between  the  bases  of  the  pectorals  I'o  in  tlie  deptli  ;  depth  of 
caudal  peduncle  2'1  in  the  head.  Sixth  dorsal  spine  81,  last  dorsal  ray 
l"-i,  last  anal  ray  1'6  in  the  head.      Pectoral  14-,  caudal  11  in  the  head. 

This  specimen  agrees  with  the  foregoing  description  of  M.  nioijariuhi 
in  all  details,  except  in  having  the  dorsal  spines  somewhat  shorter,  and 
the  rays  of  the  pectoral  and  ventral  tins  longer,  which  are  merely 
individual  peculiarities. 

The  subspecies  M.  m.  inhpcn^iiH  differs  From  the  typical  i'oriii  oiilv  in 
having  larger  and  less  numerous  scales,  there  being  80-1)5  in  a  longitudinal 
series  instead  of  8b!-42,  and  18-14  in  a  transverse  roAV  instead  of  15-16  ; 
the  two  are  similar  in  all  other  details.  But  we  have  examined  several 
specimens  from  Powell's  Creek  and  the  Palmer  River,  Central  Australia, 
and  inland  from  Cairns,  Queensland,  in  which  the  scales  number  35-86 
in  a  longitudinal  series,  and  14-16  transversely.  These  localities  are 
somewhat  intei*mediate  between  the  ranges  of  the  two  subspecies,  so  we 
are  led  to  the  conclusion  that  tlie  larger  and  smaller  scaled  forms  are 
merely  geographical  races  of  the  one  species. 

Synonymy. — Five  cotypes  of  Elevtris  riiimnK,  De  Vis,  preserved  in  the 
Australian  Museum,  prove  this  species  to  be  synonymous  with  M.  m. 
adxperiiiis,  as  has  already  been  determined  by  Ogilbv.  The  holotype  of 
EJeotris  coiiroldi-,  De  Vis,  is  in  the  collection  of  tlie  Queensland  Museum  ; 
it  is  stuffed  and  its  tins  are  much  damaged,  while  it  retains  no  traces  of 
its  colour-marking  ;  its  i-emaining  characters,  however,  leave  no  doubt  as 
to  its  identity  with  M.  di.  (uh2>ersns. 

Locs. — We  have  examined  a  i-epi-esentative  series  of  86  specimens 
from  the  following  localities.  South  Austi'alia  : — Torrens  River  ;  Onka- 
pariuga  ;  Murray  Bridge.  New^  South  Wales  : — near  Mudgee  and  Dubbo  ; 
Clarence  River.  Queensland  : — Brisbane  River  (cotypes  of  E.  viinivf',  De 
Vis.)  ;  Eidsvold,  Burnett  River  ;  Bundaberg ;  25  miles  inland  from 
Cairns. 

Dixtrihntioii. — South  Australia.  Murray  River  System.  Rivers  of 
north  eastern  New  South  Wales  and  eastern  Queensland,  northward  to 
Cairns.  ^ 

MoGURNDA  (Kkefftujs)  adstkalis,  Kreft. 

Eleotris  aiistrali>s,  Krefft,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1864,  p.  188.  /(?.,  Giinther, 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xx.,  1867,  p.  61.  Id.,  Castelnau,  Proc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  iii.,  1879,  p.  884.  /(/.,  Macleav,  Proc.  Linn. 
Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  617. 

Kreft  ins  amfntJix,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  787. 
Id.,  Waite,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.,  1904,  p.  288,  pi.  xxxv.,  tig.  2. 

Hab. — Eastern  rivers  of  New  South  Wales. 


284  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTKAf-IAX    MUSEIM. 

Geuus  GoBioM(ti;i'iiu>,   (jill. 

Gohioiiiurphns,  Gill,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sei.  Pliilad.,  1863,  p.  270  (Eleofria 
gobioideK,  Cuvier  &  Valeucieuues). 

iSnlijoit,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Liim.  Soc.  N.S. Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  7-40  (Eleotris 
CDxii,  Krefft). 

Body  subcyliudrical  aiiterioily,  compressed  posteriorly  ;  caudal 
peduncle  about  half  as  long  as  broad.  Scales  of  moderate  size,  mostly 
ctenoid  but  becoming  cycloid  anteriorly  and  on  the  abdomen  ;  they  extend 
forward  to  between  the  posterior  orbital  margins.  Head  about  as  broad 
as  deep,  snout  obtusely  conical  ;  mandible  projecting.  Operculum  covered 
with  small  scales  ;  cheeks  with  somewhat  rudimentary  scales  which  are 
most  plentiful  on  the  postorbital  portions.  Lines  of  minute  mneigerous 
papillfB  extend  across  the  cheeks  and  opercles,  around  the  preopercular 
margin,  and  from  each  side  of  the  snout  to  above  the  eye.  A  broad  band 
of  villiform  teeth  in  each  jaw;  no  enlarged  outer  row.  Tongue  free  and 
rounded  anteriorly.  Gill-openings  extending  foi'Avard  below,  separated 
by  a  rather  broad  isthmus;  exposed  edge  of  the  shoulder-girdle  forming  a 
smooth  ridge,  with  a  pit  at  its  lower  angle.  Pseudobranchia?  present ; 
gill-rakers  short  and  thick,  about  nine  on  the  lower  limb  of  the  first  arch. 
First  dorsal  iHJunded,  with  six  to  seven  spines ;  second  doisal  short, 
with  nine  to  eleven  rays.  Pectoi*al  and  caudal  I'ounded.  Ventrals  i/5, 
completely  separated. 

Si/iioin/t)iii. — A  comparison  of  the  genotypes  (»'.  ijobioidef  and  M.  roxii 
shows  that  they  are  similar  in  all  the  above  characters.  Waite-'^  has 
united  Miilyvd  with  Kreffiiiii,  but  it  is  distinguished  from  that  genus  in 
having  the  interorbital  space  naked  instead  of  scaly. 

Jordan  and  Evermann-^  have  united  their  genus  (jNiftqiiillfnt  with 
(^dbiniinirpliKt^,  but  it  differs  in  the  chai-acter  of  its  dentition.  It  has  an 
enlarged  outer  row  of  teeth  in  each  jaw,  and  there  is  a  snbcaniniform 
tooth  on  each  side  of  the  mandible  ;  in  Gohiuiiiurfhus  the  teeth  are  subeqnal 
in  size. 

Uab. — Fresh  waters  and  estuaries  of  New  Zealand  and  New  South 
Wales. 

GoniOMOKFHti.-<  coxii,  Krefft. 

Elcutrix  ro.iii,  Krefft,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1864,  p.  l8o.  hL,  Giinther,  Ann. 
Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (8),  xx.,  1867,  p.  62.  hi,  Macleay,  Proc.  Liun.  Soc. 
N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  6l8. 

Eleutn's  n'clianliiouii,  Steindachner,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  liii.,  1866,  p. 
455,  pi.  ii.,  tig.  4. 

Elrotris  iiutt<ternii\  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  622. 

Mnlijoii  ro.n'l,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  741. 

Kreftiiii^  rd.rli,  Waite,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v. 5,  1904,  p.  288,  pi.  xxxvi.,  tig.  1. 


•-•«  Waite— Kec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.  5,  1904,  p.  281. 

-1  J.iraan  i^  Evenimnn— Bull.  U.  S.  Fish.  Coniui..  xxiii.  i.,  1905,  p.  483. 


AI'Sil;Al,l.\\    (.omih.K .Mci'l  l.l.di'll    AMI    (Mill.MV.  285 

Hull. —  Kiistoni  livers  of  simtlioni  New  Soatli  Wales. 

<f(iln\i))ioriiliiis  ijdliidiilrii,  Cuvier  A'  Viileiicieiiiies,  liah  been  wrongly 
recorded  troni  I'oit  tliickson  by  Steiiidaclinei-",  who  prohjilily  bad 
specimens  of  the  foregoinj^  species  before  liim.  U.  (jubioiiles  is  contiiied  to 
New  Zealand  rivers  and  estuaries. 

Genus  CAiiAssi()i>,   OyiHn/. 

Curufixiops,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,  p.  732  (Eleotrie 

conipres><iii<,  KrefFt). 
Austroijobiii,  Ogilby,  Lnc  rit.,  xxii.,  l8Uy,  p.  785  ((UtnifKiopfi  (jalli,  Ogilby). 

Body  compressed,  deep  oi-  rather  slender  ;  head  small,  -compressed. 
Scales  large,  ctenoid,  about  28-05  between  the  base  of  the  pectoral  and 
the  hypural  joint ;  they  extend  forward  to  between  the  hinder  margins  of 
the  eyes,  but  leave  the  interorbital  space  naked,  and  cover  the  cheek  and 
operculum.  Kows  of  minute  pores  extend  ai'ound  the  eye,  across  the 
cheek,  behind  the  preoperculuni,  and  on  each  side  of  the  mandible.  Mouth 
rather  small,  oblique,  lower  jaw  longest  ;  no  barbies.  A  band  of  villiform 
teeth  in  each  jaw,  palate  toothless.  Tongue  broad,  snbtruncate  or 
rounded  anteriorly,  and  largely  free.  Gill-openings  separated  by  a  rather 
narrow  isthmus,  the  membranes  not  united  across  it.  Exposed  edge  of 
shoulder  girdle  a  smooth,  curved  ridge.  Pseudobranchiae  present ;  about 
eleven  gill-rakers  on  the  lower  limb  of  the  first  arch,  which  are  stout  and 
longer  posteriorly,  becoming  tubercular  anteriorly.  D.  v-viii/10-lo  ;  A. 
lO-l'l ;   V.  i/5.      Caudal  rounded. 

Ajfliiities. — This  genus  is  scarcely  distinct  from  Hypseleotn's,  Gill, 
apparenth'  differing  principally  in  having  the  interorbital  space  and  snout 
naked  instead  of  scaly. 

a.   Second  dorsal  with  9-10  rays  ;    vertebra  24-25 Subj^enus  Carassiops. 

b.  D.  vi-vii/9-10,  A.  lO-ll;    sc.  long.  27-29 compressus. 

aa.   Second  dorsal  with  11-14  rays  ;   vertebrae  30-31 Subgenus  ^ustrojofeto. 

c.  Medio-lateral  series  of  scales  without  dark  markings galii. 

cc.   Each  medio-lateral  scale  with  a  dark  vertical  basal  bar khmzingeii. 

Cakassioi's  coMi'iJESSUs,  KrefL 

Eleotfls  coDipres.^Ks,  Krefft,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1864,  p.  184.  Id.,  Giinther, 
Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (3),  xx.,  1867,  p.  62.  LL,  O'Shaughnessy,  Ann. 
Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (4).  xv.,  1875,  p.  147.  Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linu.  Soc. 
N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  619.  Id.,  Ogilby,  Cat.  Fish.  N.S.Wales, 
1886,  p.  36. 

Eleotrls  hrecirostris,  Steindachuer,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ivi.,  1867,  p. 

314. 
Eleotrls  cmnpressus,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ii.,  1878,  p.  358; 

pi.  ix.,  fig.  7. 

-^  Steindachner — Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ivi.  i.,  1867,  p.  326. 


286  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Eleotris  reticulatus,  Klnuzinger,  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,   1879, 

p.  388,  pi.  iv.,  fig.  3.     Id.,  MacleaA',  Proc.  Liun.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix., 

1884,  p.  33. 
Eleotris  elevata,   Macleay,    Proc.    Linn.   Soc.    N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,   p.  622; 

(substitute  name  for  E.  compressus,  Macleay,  vec.  Krefft). 
Eleotris  Intmilis,  De  Vis,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  690. 
Eleotris  cavifrons,  De  Vis,  Ibid.,  p.  693  (not  E.  cavifro)is,  BIytli). 
Eleotris  devisi,  Ogilbj',   Proc.   Liun.   Soc.   N.S.Wales,  xxi.,  1897,   p.  753  ; 

(substitute  name  for  E.  cuolfrdiis,  de  Vis,  nee.  Blytli). 
Carassiops  coinpressus,  Ogilby,  Ibid.,  p.  735.      Id.,  Waite,  Rec.  Austr.  Mus., 

v.,  1904,  p.  280,  pi.  xxiiv.,  fig.  1. 
Carassiops  loiigi,  Ogilby,  Ibid.,  p.  733. 
Carassiops  cuinpressus  moutdiius,   Ogilby,  Proc.   Roy.    vSoc.    Qld  ,   xx.,    1907, 

p.  28. 
Hypseleotris  coiiiiirt'^sKs,  Cockerel  I,  Mem.  Qld.  Mus.,  ii  ,  1913,  p.  59. 

D.  vi/10;  A.  11  ;  P.  15  ;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Twenty-eight  scales  between 
the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  nine  between 
the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 

Depth  at  ventrals  3"2  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ;  head  3'6 
in  the  same.  Eye  4*2  in  the  head,  and  1"3  in  the  interoibital  space ; 
snout  r2  in  the  eye.  Fourth  dorsal  spine  1*7,  penultimate  dorsal  ray  11, 
and  penultimate  anal  i^y  1*4  in  the  head.  Breadth  at  bases  of  pectorals 
1-9  in  the  depth.  Depth  of  the  caudal  peduncle  17  in  the  distance 
between  the  last  dorsal  ray  and  the  hypural  joint,  and  1-8  in  the  head. 

Cheek  and  operculum  covered  with  large  scales,  which  are  arranged 
in  about  four  rows  on  the  cheeks.  Rows  of  minute  pores  surround  the 
eyes,  and  extend  across  the  cheeks  and  opercles,  around  the  preopercular 
bordei',  and  on  each  side  of  the  mandible.  Interorbital  space  naked, 
almost  flat.  Anterior  nostril  in  a  short  tube  near  the  lip,  the  posterior  a 
simple  opening  near  the  upper  margin  of  the  eye.  Mouth  oblique,  the 
maxilla  not  nearlj-  reaching  the  vertical  of  tlie  anterior  ocular  margin  ; 
mandible  projecting.  A  broad  band  of  villifox-m  teeth  in  each  jaw,  palate 
toothless.  Tongue  apparently  truncate  anteriorly,  or  slightly  emarginate. 
Gill-openings  broad,  separated  by  a  I'ather  narrow  interspace.  Exposed 
edge  of  shoulder  girdle  forming  a  curved,  smooth  ridge. 

Body  compressed,  elevated,  and  covered  with  large  ctenoid  scales, 
which  extend  forward  to  the  level  of  the  ejes,  there  being  about  fifteen 
rows  before  the  first  dorsal  ;  they  are  largest  on  the  middle  of  the  sides, 
and  smallest  on  the  breast  and  base  of  the  pectoral.  A  large  genital 
papilla,  "which  is  broad  and  truncate  posteriorly  with  its  lateral  angles 
slightly  prciduced. 

First  dorsal  spine  inserted  above  the  eiul  of  the  first  third  of  tlii' 
pectorals  ;  the  spines  increase  in  length  to  the  fourth,  and  the  dorsal  rays 
increase  in  lengtli  to  the  penultimate,  which  extends  three-fourths  of  its 
distance  from  tlie  hypural.  Anal  opposite  and  similai-  to  the  second 
dor.sal.  Pectoi-al  rounded,  not  quite  i-eaching  the  vertical  of  the  first 
dorsal  ray.  Ventrals  inserted  below  the  base  of  the  pectoiuls  ;  the  fouitli 
)-ay  longest,  filamentous,  and  reaching  the  ventral.      Caudal  damaged. 


AUSTRALIAN    Hi^l'.Illt.t: MctTl.l.urn    AM"    (Mlll.liV.  287 

Coloiir-tinnli)i<i. — Body  completely  bleaclied  after  long;  preservation 
in  alcohol.  The  spines  of  the  tii-st  dorsal  dark  towards  tlie  tip  ;  second 
dorsal  with  some  large  light  spots  near  the  base  and  on  the  [)osterioi' ravs. 
Caudal  with  s(mie  obscure  darker  spots.  For  details  of  the  cohnir- 
maiking  of  fresh  specimens,  see  Ogilby-''  and  Waite-K 

Described  from  a  specimen  87  mm.  long,  from  the  Clarence  River, 
which  is  believed  to  be  one  of  Krefft's  typical  specimens.  Its  histoi-y  is 
incomplete,  but  it  tallies  with  the  original  description. 

Se.riin]  illiiiorphi'siiii. — Two  examples  in  the  Macleaj'  Museum  from 
the  Tweed  River,  66-67  mm.  long,  exhibit  sexual  dimorpliism  similar  to 
that  which  we  have  described  and  figured  under  ('.  kJuHziiKjpri.  In  the 
laiger  example  the  space  between  the  snout  and  the  doisal  fin  is  greatly 
swollen,  the  profile  forming  a  very  convex  curve  ;  in  the  smaller  specimen 
these  parts  are  normal.  They  agree  in  all  other  details  of  both  form  and 
colour-nrarking,  and  are  clearly  identical  with  ( '.  coiirpres^V';. 

Variiiliuit. — Nineteen  specimens  from  several  localities,  indicate  that 
this  species  varies  considerably  both  in  its  general  form  and  colour- 
marking.  Adults  of  about  the  same  size  from  Jervis  Bay  and  Port  Darwin 
have  the  depth  at  the  venti'als  46  (C.  iDiuji)  and  8-8  (('.  elevntns) 
respectively,  but  others  are  more  or  less  intermediate  between  these 
extremes.  The  number  of  fin  rays  and  spines,  and  the  scales,  vary  as 
follows:  D.  vi-vii/9-10;  A.  10-12;  Sc.  long.  27-30;  Sc.  tr.  9.  The 
striking  colour-marking  of  the  vertical  fins  as  described  and  figured  by 
Ogilby  and  Waite  is  characteristic  of  adult  specimens  in  breeding  condition, 
and  it  is  apparently  more  or  less  developed  in  all  fresh  examples,  but 
may  be  indistinct  in  specimens  in  alcohol.  Variation  similar  to  the 
foregoing  was  noted  by  Giinther  in  1867. 

Sytioin/iini. — The  variation  in  form  of  this  species  has  caused  several 
authors  to  bestow  a  number  of  names  upon  it. 

The  identity  of  Eleotn's  hrevinistris,  Steindachner,  and  C.  ronqires^ii^, 
Krefft,  was  recognised  by  O'Shauglmessy  in  1875. 

Though  differing  from  its  description  in  several  important  details, 
the  specimen  in  the  Macleay  Museum  labelled  as  tJleotris  elevatK."  from 
Port  Darwin,  is  evidently  that  on  which  Macleaj'  founded  the  species.  It 
agrees  well  with  his  crude  figure,  and  is  structurally  similar  to  C. 
rompressns,  and  exhibits  traces  of  the  characteristic  markings  of  that 
species.  It  has  the  following  characters.  D.  vi/8?,  both  tins  imperfect ; 
A.  10  ;  twenty-eight  rows  of  scales  between  the  upper  base  of  the  pectoral 
and  the  hypural  joint,  and  nine  between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 
Depth  at  ventrals  33  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint,  head  3'5  in  the 
same.  Eye  equal  to  the  length  of  the  snout,  46  in  the  head,  and  16  in 
the  interocular  space. 

Eleotiis  relieiildliiK,  Klunzinger,  also  from  Port  Darwin,  is  evidently 
based    on    a    rather    slender,     and    imperfectly     marked     example    of    U. 

com2irest<ii!<. 


2s  Ogilby— Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxi..  1897,  p.  73;]. 

■^*  Waite— Eec.  Austr.  Mus.,  v.,  1904,  p.  280,  pi.  xxxiv.,  fig.  1. 


288  RECORDS    OP    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MITSEDM. 

Three  cotypes  of  Eleofrin  hnniilis,  De  Vis,  61-93  mm.  loug,  are,  as 
already  noted  bv  Waite,  similar  to  the  narrow  foi*m  of  C.  contprps^io!. 
D.  vi/10-11  :  A."  11;  Sc.  lougt.  •28-29;  Sc.  tr.  9.  Depth  3-8-4  in  the 
length  to  the  hypnral  joint,  and  subeqnal  to  the  length  of  the  head. 

As  noted  by  Waite,  there  is  nothing  in  the  description  of  Eleofris 
cai'ifroiis,  De  Vis  (nee.  Blyth)  to  distinguish  it  from  C.  amipre.-iiiii'i.  The 
substitute  name  E.  derisl,  Ogilby,  is  therefore  unnecessary. 

Carassiops  longi,  Ogilby,  is,  as  recognised  by  Waite,  an  elongate 
variety  of  C  cooipressiis  ;  that  its  slender  form  is  not  of  even  snbspecitie 
value  is  proved  by  the  fact  that  some  specimens  secured  in  the  same 
locality  as  the  types,  are  as  broad  as  those  from  more  northern  localities. 

The  name  ('.  cnjiiprensn."  iiioiitiunif!,  Ogilby,  was  pi-oposed  for  slender 
specimens  from  Ki Harney,  Queensland,  which  were  similar  to  the  typical 
form  in  all  structural  details. 

Tjoeii. — We  have  examined  specimens  from  the  following  localities. — 
Clarence  River,  New  South  Wales  ;  cotype  of  Eleofris  roiiiprefH^Kt-,  Krefft  ? 
Tweed  River,  New  South  Wales  ;  Maclea\'  Museum.  Liverpool  and 
Marrickville,  near  Sydney.  Jervis  Bny,  New  South  Wales;  specimen 
figured  bv  Waite.  Brisbane  River,  Queensland  ;  cotypes  of  E.  Ii  inn  His, 
De  Vis.  Mar^'  River,  Queensland.  Poit  Darwin,  North  Australia ; 
holotype  of  E.  elevntnn,  ^lacleay. 

Dlstiihntion. — Eastern  waters  of  Australia  from  Cape  Yoik  to  Jervis 
Bay.      Headwaters  of  the  Cotulamine  River,  Queensland.      Port  Darwin. 

The  following  species  are  probably  related  to,  and  possibly  identical 
with  C.  eninpregamt. 

E1eofri<   nioJeafii,  Castelnau,    Pi'oc.  Zool.  Soc.  Vict.,  ii.,   1873,   p.  85.      IJ., 
Alacleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  v.,  1881,  p.  620. 

D.  vi'9;  A.  10:  P.  17;  V.  i/5  ;  C.  15.  Sc.  long.  31;  sc.  tr.  11. 
Depth  a  little  moie  than  4  in  the  length  without  the  caudHl,  head  3;\  in 
the  same.  Eye  3i  in  the  head,  longer  than  tlie  snout.  I^ieadth  of  the 
snout  befoT'e  the  eyes  equal  to  the  distance  between  its  extj-emity  and  the 
first  thii'd  of  the  eye. 

Snout  rather  depressed,  not  broad.  Mouth  oblique,  the  maxilla  not 
reaching  the  vertical  of  the  anterior  ocular  nuiigin.  Head  entirely 
scalv;  body  scales  lai'ge,  ctenoid  and  striated.  Dorsal  spines  somewhat 
filamentous.  Ventrals  long,  inserted  below  the  pectorals.  Pectorals  not 
longer  than  tlie  ventrals. 

General  colour  light  yellow,  brownish  above.  A  small  daik  shoulder 
spot,  and  a  faint  dark  line  along  the  side  to  the  tail.  Some  iriegular 
oblique  transverse  spots  on  the  dorsal  tins,  the  exti-emity  of  the  second 
black.      Caudal  transvei-sely  speckled  with  l)i-own. 

Length. — Two  inches. 

This  species  appai-ently  reseinbles  /•;.  retiriilntm^,  Klunzinger,  from 
the  same  locality,  which  we  jegard  as  synt)nynious  with  C.  ronifiressitt>. 

Loe. — Port  Darwin. 


AL-SIKALIAN    (i(M;ill>.€ McCL'LLOOH    AND    OGILBY.  289 

Eleotris  siniple.r,  Casteliiau,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  iii.,  1878,  p.  49. 
Id.,  Macleay,  Ibid.,  v.,  1881,  p.  621. 

D.  vi/11  ;  A.  11.  Sc.  loiigt.  28.  De[)tli  4  in  tlie  length  without  the 
caudal,  and  equal  to  the  length  of  the  head.      Eye  longer  than   the  snout. 

Snout  short,  depressed,  flat  above.  Mouth  oblique,  maxilla  not 
reaching  the  vertical  of  the  anterior  ocular  margin.  Head,  excepting  the 
snout,  scaly  ;  body  scales  large,  ctenoid,  and  striated.  Posterior  dorsal 
rays  produced,  extending  bej'ond  the  base  of  the  caudal.  Anal  similar  to 
the  second  dorsal.      Caudal  pointed. 

General  colour  yellow,  the  dorsal,  anal  and  caudal  fins  marbled  with 
brown. 

Length. — Three  inches. 

All  the  characters  noted  in  Castelnau's  description  of  this  species, 
with  the  exception  of  that  relating  to  the  posterior  dorsal  rays,  agree  with 
those  of  C.  compress  UK. 

Loc. — Norman  River,  Queensland. 

Cabassiops  (Austrogobio)  galii,  Ogilby. 

Carassiops  (Austrogobio)  gidii,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxii.  4, 

1898,  p.  788. 
Carassiops    galii,  Waite,   Rec.   Austr.  Mus.,  v.,  1904,  p.  281,   pi.   xxxiv., 

fig.  2. 
Austrogobio  galii,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Qld.,  xx.,  1907,  p.  29. 

This  species  has  been  described  in  detail  by  Ogilby,  and  figured  by 
Waite.  It  is  very  similar  to  some  varieties  of  C.  hlunzingeri ;  the 
predorsal  scales,  however,  are  usually  larger  and  regular,  and  the  dark 
markings  on  the  mediolateral  scales,  characteristic  of  6'.  Iclunzingeri,  are 
either  indistinct  or  wanting. 

Logs. — 0.  galii  is  common  in  south-eastern  Queensland,  and  we  have 
examined  numerous  specimens  from  near  Brisbane.  Others  are  in  the 
Australian  Museum  from  Bundaberg,  Queensland.  The  species  has  been 
introduced  into  a  pond  in  the  Botanic  Gardens,  Sydney,  whence  the 
specimens  described  and  figured  by  Ogilb}'  and  Waite  were  obtained. 

Carassiops  (Austrogobio)  kldnzingeri,  Ogilby. 
(Plate  xxxvii. ;   figs.  2-3.) 

Eleotris  cyprinoides,  Klunziuger,  Arch.  Naturg.,  xxxviii.  i.,  1872,  p.  31, 
and  Sitzb.  Akad.  Wiss.  Wien,  Ixxx.  i.,  1879,  p.  384,  pi.  v.,  fig.  2. 
Id.,  Macleay,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  ix.,  1884,  p.  33.  Id., 
Lucas,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Yict.  (2),  ii.,  1890,  p.  29.  Id.,  Weber,  Zool. 
Forschr.  Austr.,  v.,  1895,  p.  270  (not  E.  cyprinoides,  Cuv.  &  Val.). 

(Carassiops)  kluuziugeri,  Ogilby,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxii.,  1898, 
p.  787    (not  Eleotris  liunzingerii,  Pfeffer). 

D.  vii-viii/11-13  (12-14)  ;  A.  11-14  (12-15)  ;  P.  15  ;  V.  i/5-6  ;  C.  15. 
32-35  scales  from  above  the  pectoral  base  to  the  hypural  joint,  and  11 
between  the  anterior  dorsal  and  anal  rays. 


290  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Depth  at  ventral  fins  3'8-4"3  in  the  length  to  the  hypural  joint ; 
head  Si-SQ  in  the  same.  Eye  3"4-38  in  the  head,  subequal  to  or  slightly 
narrower  than  the  interocular  space.  Snont  1"1-1'2  in  the  eye.  Depth 
of  the  caudal  peduncle  2-7  in  the  head  ;  its  length  from  the  last  dorsal 
ray  to  the  hypural  joint  is  slightly  shorter  than  the  head  in  the  male, 
and  a  little  longer  than  it  in  the  female. 

Cheeks  with  rudimentary  scales,  operculum  scaly.  Numerous  rows 
of  minute  pores  are  present  on  the  cheek,  operculum  and  snout,  and 
surrounding  the  eye,  preoperculum_  and  mandible;  no  larger  pores.  Eye 
of  moderate  size,  a  little  longer  than  the  snout.  Nostrils  large,  simple 
openings,  the  anterior  near  the  lip,  the  posterior  near  the  orbital  margin. 
Teeth  microscopic,  villiform,  in  a  band  in  each  jaw.  Tongue  rounded 
anteriorly.  Gill-openings  wide,  the  space  between  the  membranes  about 
as  wide  as  the  e3"e.      Inner  margin  of  the  shoulder-girdle  smooth. 

Body  moderately  compressed,  covered  with  ctenoid  scales,  which 
extend  forward  to  behind  the  eye,  onto  the  base  of  the  pectoral  fin,  and 
the  thorax  ;  they  are  small  and  irregular  on  the  nape,  but  become  larger 
backwards.  Genital  papilla  large  in  both  sexes.  Vertebrae  31,  including 
the  hypural. 

First  dorsal  originating  well  behind  the  pectorals  and  ventrals  ;  its 
spines  are  low,  and  its  margin  rounded.  Second  dorsal  higher  than  the 
first,  j)ointed  posteriorly  in  the  male,  rounded  in  the  female.  Anal 
similar  to  the  second  dorsal.  Pectoral  rounded,  not  reaching  the  vertical 
of  the  vent.  Ventral  inserted  just  behind  the  pectoral,  pointed,  the 
penultimate  ray  longest,  not  reaching  the  vent.      Caudal  rounded. 

Colour -marking. — General  colour  greenish  brown  in  formaline,  the 
scales  of  the  back  and  sides  with  darker  margins.  A  characteristic  row 
of  dark  vertical  bars  at  the  base  of  each  scale  along  the  middle  of  the 
side,  and  a  blackish  axillary  spot.  Head  dusky  with  microscopic  dots. 
Dorsal  and  anal  fins  dusky  in  the  male  with  white  margins  and  a  darker 
submarginal  stripe ;  caudal  dusky,  ventials  and  pectorals  transparent. 
The  fins  of  the  female  may  be  similar  to  those  of  the  male  or  quite 
transparent. 

Described  from  twelve  specimens  29-56  mm.  long,  including  six 
males  and  six  females,  which  were  captured  together  in  the  Cudgegong 
River  at  Ryleston  by  Mr.  D.  G.  Stead,  l8th  December,  1911.  They 
exhibit  remarkable  Sexual  Dimorpliishi  which  is  figured  on  Plate  xxxvii. 
The  adult  male  has  the  nape,  occiput,  and  interorbita!  area  greatly  swollen, 
the  upper  profile  of  the  head  being  so  elevated  that  the  eye  is  far  removed 
from  it ;  the  posterior  rays  of  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins  are  longer  than 
those  preceding  them,  and  the  caudal  peduncle  is  shorter  than  in  the 
female.  The  eye  of  the  female  is  close  to  the  profile  of  the  head,  the 
interorbital  space  being  only  slightly  convex  ;  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins  are 
rounded,  the  thii-d  or  fourth  rays  being  longest,  and  the  caudal  peduncle 
is  long  and  slender. 

Variation. — Several  series  of  specimens  from  various  localities  between 
Narrandera,  on  the  Murrumbidgee  River,  New  South  Wales,  and  Eidsvold, 
on  the  Burnett  River,  Queensland,  prove  that  this  species  varies 
considerably  in  the  number  of  spines  and  rays  in  the  dorsal  and  anal  fins, 
and  in  its  scale  counts.      But  the  fact  that  sotne  examples  from   the  two 


Al'STKALIAN    GOlillD.?: McCCLI.OCU    AN'D    OdILHY. 


291 


extreme  localities  aj^free  in  these  cliacactei's,  while  others  differ,  proves  that 
these  are  merely  individual  variations,  and  not  subspecific  characters. 
This  variation,  as  exemplified  by  thirty-three  specimens  is  shown  in  the 
following:  table. 


Locality. 

No.  of 
specimens. 

Dorsal. 

Anal. 

Scales  lonfit. 

Scales 
trans. 

Ryleston.N.S.W. 

8/12(13) 

14(15) 

33 

Eidsvold,  QUI. 

8/12(13) 

13(14) 

35 

>)             >> 

8/12(13) 

12(13) 

35 

Ryleston.N.S.W. 

8/12(13) 

11(12) 

— 

— 

Eidsvold,  Qld. 

8/11(12) 

13(14) 

3.-) 

Eyleston,N.S.W. 

■, 

7/13(14) 

13(14) 

33 

>            >. 

7/13(14) 

12(13) 

32 

J            >  > 

7/12(13) 

13(14) 

32 

>> 

7/12 

13(14) 

33 

)            ,, 

7/12(13) 

12(13) 

33 

— 

,            ,, 

7/12 

12(13) 

32 

11 

9                             »  J 

7/13 

13 

— 

— 

)                               «> 

7/13 

14 

— 

— 

•I 

7/11(12) 

12(13) 



— 

Eids'^ 

^old,  Qld. 

7/12 

12 

30 

9 

>            ,, 

7/12(13) 

— 

— 

— 

)> 

6/12(13) 

11 

30 

9 

>            »» 

6/12 

12 

30 

9 

,            ,, 

6/il(12) 

11(12) 

32 

10 

>            >) 

6/11(12) 

11(12) 

29 

9 

,            ,, 

6/11(12) 

12(13) 

— 

— 

>            >) 

6/11 

11(12) 

29 

9 

>> 

6/11 

11 

30 

9 

>> 

6/11 

11 

30 

10 

,            ., 

6/11 

11 

31 

10 

,            ,, 

6/11 

11 

29 

9 

>            >> 

6/11 

11 

28 

9 

, 

5/11 

11 

30 

9 

The  scales  on  the  nape  are  veiy  large  and  regular  in  most  of  the 
Queensland  specimens,  while  they  are  usually  small  and  irregular  in 
those  from  southern  localities  ;  but  we  have  examples  in  which  they  are 
of  intermediate  size  from  both  the  northern  and  southern  parts  of  their 
range,  and  a  few  from  Eidsvold  in  which  they  are  quite  as  small  as  those 
from  Narrandera. 

Nomenclature If    it   be   considered    that   the   name   C.    Iclnnzingeri, 

Ogilby,  1898,  is  preoccupied  by  Eleotris  l-lniizingerii,  Pfeffer,  1893,  it  will 
be  necessary  to  propose  a  new  name  for  this  species.  Since  the  two  do 
not  enter  the  same  genus,  however,  there  appears  to  be  no  necessity  for 
this  course. 

Locs. — North  Yanko,  near  Narrandera,  Murrumbidgee  River,  New 
South  Wales ;  coll.  David  G.  Stead,  Jan.  1910.  Ryleston,  Cndgegong 
River,  New  South  Wales  ;  coll.  David  G.  Stead,  Dec.  1911.  Pallal,  Hortou 
River,  New  South  Wales;  coll.  A.  R.  McCulloch.  Eidsvold,  Burnett 
River,  Queensland  ;  coll.  Dr.  Thomas  R.  Bancroft. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    X.XXI. 


Fif^.  1.  Pei-iophthahmis  J:oelreuteri,  Pallas,  var.  ar(ienfili)ieatu'<,  Ciivier 
and  Valenciennes.  A  specimen  90  mm.  long,  from  Sundaj' 
Island,  King  Sound,  North-western  Australia. 

,,       2.     PerioplitliaJmodon    Inirharvs,   Linne.      A  specimen  197  mm.  long, 
from  Cooktown,  Queensland. 

,,       3.     Leme  purjnu'ascens,   De    Vis.      Anterior   portion    of   a  specimen 
92  mm.  long,  from  an  unknown  locality. 

,,       4.      Leme  morda^,  De  Vis.      Outline  of  a  specimen   218  mm.   long, 
from  Ripple  Creek,  Herbert  River,  Queensland. 


REC.  AUSTIN.   MIS.    VOL.   .XIF. 


I'l.AlK    XXXJ. 


,  ■iroiiiinin II  I     III      .   I.  ;  I    "m  m 


Phyllis  Clarke,  del. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XXXII. 


Fig.     1.     Scartelaos  viridis,  Buchanan.      A  specimen    136  mm.   long,  from 
the  Burnett  River  Heads,  Queensland. 

„       2.      Gohiodon  verticals,   Alleyne  and  Macleay.      A  specimen  4-7  mm. 
long,  from  Green  Island,  near  Cairns,  Queensland. 

„       3.     Callogobius  sclateri,  Steindachner.     A  specimen  -47  mm.    long, 

from  Two  Isles,  North  Queensland. 
„       4.      Callflgohius  hasseItii,B]eeke]\vKT.mvco.'ii(i<,Gu.nthev.     A  specimen 

85  mm.  long,  from  Port  Jackson. 


REC.  AUSTK.   .MI'S.,  VOL.   .XII 


77 1 } }  \  m'T'^  V 


IM.AIK    .\X.\ll. 


»*^ 


"•'^^^-^ 


-^^^ 


Phyllis  Claukk,  del. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATK    XXXIII. 


Fig.     1.      (Gobius)   hinshi/i,   Johuston.      A    specimen   86    mm.    long,   from 
Wedge  Bay,  Hobart,  Tasmania. 

„       2.      Gobius  ornatus,  Riippell.      A  specimen  84  mm.  long,  from  Murray- 
Island,  Torres  Strait. 

,,       3.     Mapo  fiiscHS,  Riippell.     A  specimen  S6  mm.  long,   from  Darnley 
Island,  Torres  Strait. 

,,       4.      Mapo   krefftii,    Steindaclnier.      A   specimen    61    mm.  long,   from 
Port  Jackson. 


KKC.  AUSTK.  .MIS.,   \  OL.   XII. 


Pl,AIK    XXXI 11. 


■.^ 


-^r< 


PiiYLLi>  Cr..M;KK,  del. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XXXIV. 


Fig.     1.     Paragohiodon  echinocepJudus,  Riippell.     A  young  specimen  23| 
mm.  long,  from  Masthead  Island,  Queensland. 

,,       2.      (Gobius)    semifrenatas,    Macleay.       A  specimen   113  mm.   long, 
from  Botany  Bay,  New  South  Wales. 

,,       3.     Rhiiiogobius  leftwichii,  Ogilby.     A  specimen  66  mm.  long,  from 
the  Great  Sandy  Strait,  Queensland. 

,,       4.      (Gobius)  lateralis,  Macleay,  var.  obliqu us,  \a.r.  nov.      Holotype  of 
the  variety,  56  mm.  long,  fi-om  Rose  Bay,  Port  Jackson. 


EEC.   ArSTH.  Mrs..  VOL.   XII. 


I'lMi    WXIV. 


Phyllis  Clai;ke,  del. 


EXPLANATIUN    OK    PLATE    XXXV. 


Fig.     1.      Anibl iiijnhius  pJtalaeint,   Cuvier  and   Valenciennes.      A   specimen 
77  mm.  long,  from  Muriay  Island,  Torres  Sti'ait. 

,,       2.      Amhhigohiiis  Jiijiioeiisis,   Richardson.      A  specimen   92  mm.    long, 
from  Queensland. 

„       3.      Waitea  niaxiUaris,  Macleay.      Holotype,  65  mm.  long,  from  Port 
Darwin. 


HEC.  AUSTIN.  MLS.,   \()L.   Xll 


Plate  XXXV. 


||W-.U-. 


Phyllis  Clakke,  del. 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE  XXXVI. 


Fig.     1.      Cryptocentnis    gohioidea,     Ogilby.      Cotype    of     Gohinf<    cristnhis, 
Macleay,  90  mm.  long,  from  Port  Jackson. 

,,       2.      Mugilogobius  devisi,  nom.  nov.      Cotype  of  Gobiiis  sti'g)iiiitin(s,  De 
Vis,  45  mm.  long,  from  Morefon  Bay,  Queensland. 

,,       '-i.      (G ohins)  fliivesrens,  De  Vis.      A  coiype,  32  mm.  long,  fi'om  Moi'eton 
Bay,  Queensland. 

,,       4.      Jhitifi  (())ih(ii'iieii!<if<,   Bleeker.      A    specimen    133   mm.    long,    from 
the  Brisbane  Rivei',  Queensland. 


\{KC.  AUSTR.  MUS.,  VOL.  Xll. 


Pr.ATE  XXXVI. 


PuYLLis  Clai;k'k,  del. 


EXPLANaTIOX    of    plate    XXXVII. 


Fig.     1.      Ptereleotris  niicrolt'^/is,   Bleeker.      Holoty{)e   of  Eleotrit'  elo)i(iitfa, 
Macleay,  93  mm.  loug,  froin  Dariiley  Island,   Torres  Strait. 

,,       2       Carassiop!^  (Austrogohio)  ]ihiii:iii<ifri,Og\\hj.     Adult  male,  67  mm. 
long,  from  the  Cudgegong  River,  New  South  Wales. 

,,       3.      Carassiops  (Austrogobio)  klunziiigeri,  Ogilby.      Adult  female,  42 
mm.  long,  from  the  Cudgegong  River,  New  South  Wales. 

,,       4.     Valenciennea    muralis,    Cuvier   and    Valenciennes.      A  specimen 
109  mm.  long,  froiu  Dunk  Island,  Queensland. 


REC.  AUSTH.   MIS..   VOL    XM, 


I'l.AiK   XXXVIL. 


'*>,-%•■''><'.  ^ff 


Phvlms  Clarke,  del. 


LISTS  OF   HlKROGIiYPHICAL  SIGNS  AND   WOKDS   IX  THK 
FUNKRAHY    INSC^KIPTION   OF   NETKR-NFK  HI' 

I!Y 
A.    ROWE 

(Anthnr  of  "Guide  to  Fefvptian  Antiquities  in  tlic 
South  Austr.aliaii  Museum"). 

In  Plate  xxvii.  of  the  present  volume  I  ^ave  a  complete  copy  of  the 
Egyptian  text  on  the  coffin  of  Netei'-Nekht  in  the  Australian  Museum,  and 
1  now  present  full  lists  of  the  hieroglyphical  signs  and  words  in  this 
ancient  inscription. 

With  the  aid  of  these  lists  and  also  the  Ftiglish  rendeiing  of  the  text 
printed  in  my  former  article^  it  should  be  quite  a  simple  mattei-  for  those 
interested  to  follow  out  for  themselves  the  Egyptian  woi'ds. 

For  sake  of  clearness,  the  pictorial  words  and  signs  in  the  plates  are 
all  placed  in  the  same  direction,  and  the  numbers  of  the  lines  refer  to  the 
numbers  in  my  previously  published  plate. 

The  following  transliteration  of  the  Egyptian  inscription  on  the  coffin 
should  also  be  found  useful  to  the  beginner  : — 

TRAXSLITERATION  OF  INSCKIPl'IOX  OF   XETEIf-XEKHT. 

Line   (1)   .^MAKHI    khkr   Ast,  jiaa-khehc.     (2)  amakiii    kheh    SEnQKT, 

NeTEU-NeKHT.        (3)      AMAKHl     KHEi;     PAL'T     NEIFl;!'     XETCHE8T,     NeTE1;-NeKH  T. 
(4)    AMAKHl   KHEU  NeIIT-HET,    (5)    A.MAKHI    KHER     PACT    NETERU    AAT, 

Neter-Nekht,  maa    [kherf].     (6)    amakhi  KHER  Net,  Netkk-Nekht.     (7) 

N'ESCT  HETEP    da  AnPU   NEP.  SePA,   KHENTI   NETKK-HET  ;     liA-F    TOHA-K    PET,  S.MA-K 

ar  en  neter  aa,  neb  pet,  Neter-Nekht,  ari  ex  ti.     (8)  xesfp  hetep 

DA  AXPU,  DEP-DU-P,  AM  UT,  NEP.  Ta-TcHESER,  QEREST  NEFKIiT  EM  SeMT-AmENTET  ; 
KHKP-F  EM   HETEP,   SEP-SEN,   EM   AS-F  ENI     NeTER-KhER,   NeTER[-NeKHT].       (9) 

AMAKHI   KHER   HaPI,  NeTER (10)    AMAKHI    KHER   GeB,  NeTER-NeKHT. 

(11)    AMAKHI   ER   (doubtleSS   KHEr)    NdT,    NeTER-NeKUT.        (12)    amakiii    KHER 
QSBHSENNnF,   NeTEK-NeKHT.        (13)    NESUT  HETEP   DA  ASAP.  NEB   DeDDL',   NETEi; 

aa,   neb   Ardd;   da-f   per-kherd  ta,   heqt,  ah,   APD,   MEXKH,  NETER-SENTHER, 

MKRHET,   KHET  NEBT  XEFERT   EX   MER  AHET,  NeTER-NeKHT.        (14)    AMAKHI  KHER 

Amsetha    Neter-Nekht.      (15)    amakhi    kher    Shd,   Neter- (16) 

AMAKHI      KHEI;      TeFNET,      NeTER-NeKHT.         (17)      AMAKHI      KHER      DUAMDTEF, 

Neter- 

'  Eowe — "An  Ancient  Egyptian  Coffin  in  the  Australian  Museum"  (Records 
Australian  Mnseinn,  xii.,  8,  ]919.  ]>.  179.) 


294 


RECORDS    OF    THE    ArSTRALIAX    MUSEUM. 


T 


} 


i 

4 


J 


k 
f 

n 


1^ 


COFFIN  OF  NETER-NEKHT. 

Complete  list  of  hieroglyphical  signs. 


Value 


Picture  of 


Meaning  (if  an 
ideograph) 


((  (uhpli)     eagle 

'(  (nhort)       leaf 

ah  chisel  (?) 


ah 

amahh 

avieufet 


Ajip 
a  pel 


I, 

,hi 
,1a 

.hi 

,1,, 
<lr,l 


I 

[I 

,j,'h 
h 
In,,, 

In' to 


ox's  head 

p 

feather  on 

standard 


ox 

devotee 

west 

he  who  is  in 


Line  No. 

7,   18 

1-6,  8-12.  U-17 

13 

18 

1-6,  9-12,  l-i-17 

S 

8 


jackal  on  tomb     Annbis  (god)  7,  8 

goose's  head         goose  13 

eye  to  do,  to  make,  7,  18 

to  beget 

seat  seat  1,  13 

?  tomb-chamber  8 


I  (mjlii)        arm  and  hand 

n,  bolt 

'/■  staii'case 

foot 


great 
staii'case 

hill 


hand  witli  cake     to  give 

ai'ni  and  liand        to  give 

cake 

tice  trunk 


7  (in  "ar") 

5,  7,  13 
7 
Id,  18 

8,  18 
13 

7 

7,  8,  18 


to  give 

pai't  of  Tianu'  of      18 
town  (Dcildu) 
man's  licad  lie  av1u>  is  on  8 

star  part  of  name  of      17 

god     (I)  II  M  - 

mutef ) 
cerastes  lie,  liini,  it  7,8,  12,  1.1,  1(5.  17 

tlirone  —  10 

duck  Geb  (god)  10 

coil  of  I'ope  —  9,  18> 

rudder  part  of  name  of     9 

god  (Hapi) 
altar  offering,  peace      7,  8,  18 


LISTS    01'    IIIKKniU.VI'IIK'AI,    SKINS    AM)    WORDS l<(»\VK.  2\K) 


S: 

l;,'!! 

N'iilue 

I'ictuib 

iuf 

iweanmg  (ir  an 
ideograph) 

Line  No. 

I 

/..,// 

jug'  of  ale 

ale,  beer 

l:{ 

n 

In'l 

sliriiie,  or  1 

louse 

house,  shriiii' 

7 

M 

i 

two  leaves 

— 

1-7,  *J-l:i,  11-17 

^ 

k 

bi>\vl 

thee,  thy 

7 

^ 

/■•// 

sieve 

— 

1-17 

ttff\ 

J:/n',ih' 

8  vases  in 

stand 

governoi-, 
dwellei-  in 

7 

'^' 

I[l] 

k/wru 
III 

mace  (?) 
owl 

woid,  voice 

1,  i;; 

8 

c= 

III 

p 

— 

14 

4-- 

)iia,  or 
ma  (?) 

mail 

haud  with 
reed 

cake 

part    of    name 
of  god  (Dua- 
mutef) 

truth,  right 

17 
1,5 

meiilch 
mer 

loom 
tongae 

linen  clothes 
overseer 

18 
18 

t 

mer 
merhet 

hoe 
vessel  of  oi 

1 

part    of    word 
for  "oil";  also 
to  "love" 

oil 

13 
18 

.vvvwA  "  wavy     line     of  of,  in,  to,  etc.  2,  Q-S,  10-18,  16 

water 

^v  nelt  bowl  lord  7,  S,  18 

"^  Neht-het  bowl  on  house  Nephthys(goddess)     4 

1  nefer  heart  &  lungs  or  beautiful,  happy  8,  18 
musical  instrument 

4  nesut  reed  royal,  king  7,  8,  18 

>mK  Net  shuttle  Neith  (goddess)  6 

^  iieAer  axe  god,  divine  2,  3,  5-17 

i,    Y^^^-r*  [iieydit  branch  of  tree  strength  2,8,5-7,10,11, 
^  18,  14,  16 

_jt  iiefer-l.-lier  axe  on  throne  cemetery  8 

■^  in'tchei<  sparrow  small  3 

•  nil  pot  —  11 


»«» 


NiU  3  pots ;  sign  for        Nut   (goddess)      11 

heaven;  female 
determinative  "t" 


296  i;Kcni;i>s  of   iiik  aishiai-ian   muskcm. 

Si''!!  Value  Picture  of  .  ,  in  liine  Nu. 

squaic  —  7,  II 

idiiiid  cakt'  coiiipimy  8,  5 

house,  iMiclosurt'      to  coiin'  lord:         \'.\ 

jicr-kheni      liouse  tV  uuice  acomiiig  forth  at  13 

the  voi(X' 

sky  hi'jivt'ii  7 

goose  Hying  —  7 

knee  —  8 

vase  part  of  name  of     12 

god     (Qebh- 
seuuuf) 
y=Pi  qerest  sareophagas  on       burial  ;    sai'co-      8 


m 

I' 

'q 

pant 

m 

per 

T 

per-Ji 

r^ 

pet 

X 

IM 

A 

7 

S\ 

qebli 

II 

i 
I 

7 


sledge 

phagus 

/■ 

mo  11  til 

— 

1-17 

s 

back  of  chair 

— 

7,14 

^' 

back    of     chair 
(written  wrong 
way  round   on 
coffin) 

8 

serqet 

scorpion 

a  goddess 

'J 

s 

bolt 

— 

7,8 

sep 

circle 

a  time,  a  season 

8 

sen 

two  strokes 

twice 

8 

sen 

arrow   (?; 

I)art  of  name  of 
god  (Qebhsen- 
nuf),    aud     of 
"  incense." 

12,  13 

seiiit 

hills  orinount;iins 

country 

8 

siiia 

union  of  repro- 
ductive organs 

to  unite 

7 

■•^ejJ'i 

centipede  (?) 

part  of  name  of 
town  (Sepa) 

7 

sh 

tank  (?) 

— 

15 

shn 

ostrich  feather 

Shu  (god) 

15. 

/(( 

cake 

ta 

laiul 

Ih 

tongs 

th 

? 

cake  —  1-:'.,  5-S,  lO-ll, 

i;;,  k;.  17 

cake  otTi'i'ing  13 

laiid  8 

—  13 

_  11- 


LISTS    OK     lliKI!(l(;i.VnilC.\l.    Sh.N>     AM-     WuUl-S KiiUK.  "il*? 

Si-u  Value  IVture  ut  i,l.....^n;.,.l>)  1"'^  N-. 

y^  l,l,,\<cr  li;iii(l  witli  iiincc        Imly,  siicinl  S 

I  Irlni  liic-stick  (?)  —  7 

^  ,,  ciiickon  uf  iiu'  —  s,  1:;,  15 

quail 
^  ii.f  iinimiin   li:iii(l;iir''s  cinliiilimiicnl  S 

^~'  ulrlnd  s;uMv.l     r\v     of  |. nil  eel  ion  (on  castrrn  side 

irod    ll\.i'us  "I'  cojliiij 

WOKD   DETERMINATIVES   (not  i)iunMuiiL«3<l) . 

Sign  „   Picture  aucl  Remarks  ^^i;*; 

°  Determinative  of 

0  town  lias  tlie  value  of  "/"'/,"  but      7,  L! 

when  written  after  names 
uf  towns  is  not  pro- 
nounced 

Mi  liills  or  mountains  usual  value  of  ".•><'//'/,"  etc. ;      8 

when  used  as  a  determin- 
ative, not  pronounced 


XT 

1 1 1 


•  •  • 


building  not   to    be   confused    with     8 

"/)r/" — to  come  forth 


land 
land 


13 


three  strokes  si,s:n  of  plural  13 

three  dots  also  sign  of  plui-al  1'2 

J.  pair  of  legs  indicates  action  with  legs,     8 

such  as  walking,  I'unning, 

etc. 

^^  roll  of  papvrus  tied  up        sign  of  the  absti'act  13  ^ 

i^  standard    "  names   of   gods   and   god-      2,  H 

"  desses  sometimes  Avritten 

on  standards 
j^l^v  although     in    most    cases     11 

f^  used  as  word  for  "heaven" 

it  is  also  used  as  an  un- 
]»rouounced  determina- 
tive, c.f.,  the  word  "xV»/" 
(the  sky-goddess) 

W  boat  indicates    a     journey     by     7 

*^  water 


296  KECOKDS    OF    TUE    AL'STKALIAN    MUSEUM. 

COFFIN    OF    NETER-NEKHT. 
Complete  vocabulary  of  bieroglyphical  words. 


M?. 

A  (alepb) 

akt 

A  (short) 

farm-lauds 

Liue  No. 
13 

f-ii? 

Ahdn 

Abjdos  (toAvu) 

18 

^ 

ah 

oxen 

18 

^n\ 

Am  set  fill 

Amsetba  (god) 

14 

ffH 

am 

dweller  in 

8 

<JM 

amakJii 

devotee 

1-6,  9-12,   U-17 

>'J. 

aiiientet 

western  hills 

8 

^ 

Anpu 

Auubis  (god) 

7,  8 

^ 

upd 

geese 

18 

<=> 

ari 

begotten  of 

7 

J' 

Ast 

Isis 

1 

4  4S 

as 

tomb-chamber 

8 

i^ 

Asar 

A  (ajiii) 

Osiris 

18 

««. 

aa        "^ 

7,13 

?* 

aat       ) 
D 

great 
staircase 

5 

7 

,*-- 

da 

to  give 

18 

.^ 

da 

to  give 

7 

A 

da 

to  give 

7,  8,  13 

fIV" 

Deddii 

Busiris 

18 

■*  ^ 

Dnamnlef 

Duamutt'f  (god  J 

17 

•« 

d» 

hill 

8 

4 

deji 

he  who  is  on 

8 

S  M 

dep  dn-f 

he  who  is  on  his  hill 

8 

<t— — » 

( 

lit.',  liini,  it,  lii^ 

7,  8,  l:? 

r,isTs  or  iiiki:(h:i,vi'iii("ai.  shins  anm   \voi;i>s — rmwk.  299 


i*J 

// 

Gel)  (frod) 

g:44 

iini,; 

Hapi  (god) 

t 

he,  it 

ale 

^ 

In-trj, 

offering 

■1. 

hef,-i> 

peace 

c 


2^. 


M 


•^ 

^^^: 

Si-t 

Line  No. 

10 

9 

l:{ 

7,  8,  l:^ 

8 

*  ■                 hetffi  .sf/i  ai'ii.  "peace,  times  twice"  =:;  in   8 

peace,  in  peace 

K 

^^               /,•  thee,  thy                                      7 

KH 

/Tm'^         hheiili  governor  of,  dweller  in            7 

■  ^             hhep  to  journey                                   8 


L/ier 

before 

Ji-herii 

word 

(iinia-khen() 

right  of  word 

khet 

things 

khct  nchf 

"  things  all  "  : 

1-6,9,10,12,14-17 
l.ia 


18 


M 


em 

m 

8 

niud 

right 

1,  5 

ii/(i<i-]iherii 

right  of  word 

IN  en  I'll 

linen  garments 

13 

iner 

overseer 

13 

iiicr  iihet 

overseer  of  farm 

lar 

ids 

13 

lerhet  oil  13 


?.oo 


RKcnnns  ok  the  austramax  MrsKUM. 


A' 

lane 

No.- 

.~vvv\'^ 

II 

of,  ill 

7,8' 

W 

II  eh 

lord 

7,8, 

13 

T 

neht 

ail  (also,  lady) 

13 

^ 

X  pit  let 

Neplitliys 

4 

t^ 

iii'i'ert 

beautiful 

8 

r- 

iicfi'ii 

beautiful 

18 

^. 

llCSIlt 

royal,  king 

7,8, 

13 

z. 

Wb 

iie-iid    '\ 
lietep    V 
da        ) 

may  tlie  king  give  an 
offering 

7,8, 

13 

A 

'^ 

K>'t 

Neitli  (goddess) 

6 

1^3^ 

Xefpr-Xel-ht 

(> 

I'i* 

Xett'r-KrI.'hfl' 

name  of  the  deceased 

5 

1  ///i^T/Trf/ 

Netpr-NeLhi] 
itptor 

god,  divine 

16 

7,8, 

13 

^^^ 

itptpni 

gods 

3,5 

ff) 

iipler-Iipf 

divine  house 

7 

;l 

Hptcr-l'Jier 

cemetery 

8 

'\\W 

iielpr-f!Piitlicr 

incense 

13 

^^r 

iietrliP^t 

little 

3 

■»»  » 

P 

sky -god  (less 

11 

0. 

jiaiil 

comj)iiiiy 

3,  5 

T 

jicr-l:li('rii 

a  coming  foi-th  ;' 

it  the  voic(> 

13 

^  ln'i--/.-liPni  Id  lipi/l   cake  and  ale  oiferings  wliicli    \'.'> 

come  fortli  at  I  lie  voice 


>rl 


lu'aNcn 


4M"*         <J''hli!ti',iiiiil'  a  god 


^t^i^m  '/'■'■-' 


bunal  ;   colhii 


12 

8 


LISTS    OF    HlEROr.LYI'IIK'AK    SIi;NS    AM"    WORDS ROWE. 


301 


o 

«■/  (or,  rj  (ail  ab- 
breviation for 
l-l,rr). 

S 

before 

semt-amentet 

mountains  of 

fTS 

snia 

to  unite 

II 

sen 

twice 

# 

sep 

a  time 

# 
II 

sep-sen 

times  twice 

r^iv^ 

Sep  a 

a  town 

^ 

Serqet 

a  goddess 

7i 

8H 

Shu 

T 

a  god 

» 

ta 

cake 

-K 1 

ta 

land 

Ta-Tcheser 

"  Holy  Land 

* 

Tefnet 

a  goddess 

fl^ 

...ti 

latter  portioi 

deceased's  pax'ent  (per- 
haps KHATI) 


TCH  (or,  DJ) 


11^        tcha 


tcheser 


u 


to  traverse,  to  sail 


see  "  Ta-Tcheser."     The 
latter  word  means 
"holy." 


Line  No. 
11 


8 

7 
8 
8 
8 
7 
2 

15 

13 

8 
8 
16 


ii 


ut 


mummy  chamber 


ONCHIDIID^  FROM  AUSTRALIA  AND  THE  SOLTH-WESTEKN 

PACIFIC  ISLANDS 

i;v 
Kkn.  W.  1>i;f.  I  nam,,  liivfrtt'ljiciti'  Zoulof^ist,  Aiibtniliaii  Miiscuin. 

(Plate  xxxviii.) 

I. — 1m  i;(iiHMTi(»N. 

From  (he  t'ull()\Yiiig  historical  review  ol'  the  family,  it  will  be  seen 
that,  since  the  discovery  of  Uiic/iidiinn  tijiilui'  hy  Buchanan  in  ISOO,  the 
bi'ological  affinities  of  the  Oncliidiidaj  have  received  the  attention  of  many 
of  the  eminent  authorities  of  Mahicology. 

While  much  remains  to  be  done  to  bring  the  knowledge  of  this  group 
into  line  with  that  we  have  of  other  groups,  this  paper  may  sei've  as  a 
convenient  summaiy  for  the  use  of  Australian  students,  and  since  it  has 
had  foi-  its  foundation  tlie  excellent  wcu'ks  of  Semper,  Plate,  Joyeux-LafFuie 
and  many  others,  no  apology  need  be  oifered  for  the  more  or  less  extensive 
quotations  from  these  authors. 

The  bulk  of  the  material  examined  is  preserved  in  alcohol  in  the 
collections  of  the  Australian  Museum.  The  absence  of  marine  aquaria 
has  made  the  much  needed  observations  on  the  life  and  habits  of  even  the 
commonest  forms  almost  impossible. 

Oiii-li'uUitni  dilinelii  is  fairl}'  common  on  the  shoi-es  of  Port  Jackson, 
living  either  below  watei%  or  under  rocks  between  tide  marks.  O.  ehaine- 
leoii  was  not  pleiitiful  when  search  was  made  for  it  in  its  habitat  on  the 
Lane  Cove  River  in  Mai'ch,  June  and  October,  1918.  Both  these  fonns 
exhibited  the  chameleon-like  property  of  changing  their  coloui"s,  especially 
when  disturbed,  or  changed  to  a  position  of  which  the  background  was  a 
different  colour  to  that  fomnerly  occupied.  From  this  habit  0.  chameleon 
received  its  appropriate  name  from  its  author,  but  this  property  is  not 
remarked  on  by  other  authorities  of  the  group.  It  may  yet  be  shown  that 
the  function  of  the  dorsal  eyes  may  be  attributed  to  this  property,  i-ather 
than  their  value  to  the  animal  in  discerning  attacks  from  such  enemies  as 
PeridjiflKjIiiiiiti^  as  was  suggested  by  Semper.  Tliis  fish,  it  may  be 
mentioned,  is  not  an  habitant  of  Port  Jackson.  F'urthei-,  my  observations 
have  not  sliowu  that  eithei'  ().  Jiinielli  or  0.  clndin-Jeon  possess  the  lioming 
habit  that  is  attributed  to  Onr/iidiiin)  by  receiit  authors^.  The  distribution 
of  the  family  is  usually  tropical  and  continental,  but  one  form,  OiichidelJa 
liatelloides,  Quoy  and  Gaimard,  i-anges  to  the  cold  watei-s  of  South  New 
Zealand,  and  an  un-named  species  has  been  mentioned  by  Woodward- 
from  the  Ellice  Islands  in  the  Central  Pacific. 

My  thanks  and  appreciation  in  the  prepai'ation  of  this  paper  are  due 
to  Mr.  C.  Hedley,  Assistant  Curator  of  the  Australian  Museum,  for  his 
ever  ready  and  valued  advice,  and  to  Dr.  C.  Anderson  of  the  same 
institution  for  much  assistance  in  the  ti-anslation  of  foi^eign  languages. 

1  Arey  and  Crozier — Proc.  Nat.  Acad.  Sc-i.  Wash.,  iv.,  11,  1918,  p.  319. 
-■  Woodward— Proc.  Malac.  Sec,  iv.,  190U,  p.  102. 


304  RECOEJDS    OF    THE    ACSTKALIAN    MUSEUM. 


TI.^HlSTOKICAL. 


Ill  1800  Buchanan-^  described  and  figured  the  first  recorded  species  of 
( hirhiiliuDi,  whicli  lie  called  OiirJiidltdii  typJuv,  an  aiiimal  living  on  the 
leaves  ol"  Tiji^lni  elephantina  in  the  fresh  or  brackish  water  swamps  of 
Jieugal. 

Ciivier^  in  1804  described  liis  ( hirhidi nm  ^eronli,  an  essentially  marine 
form  found  on  the  rocks  of  the  sea  shore  b}'  Peroii  at  Mauritius. 
Blainville^,  who  was  confused  by  the  apparent  biological  differences  between 
the  terrestrial  species  of  Buchanan  and  the  marine  species  of  Cuvier,  sought 
to  place  Otn'ln'(h'niii  peroiiii  among  the  Cyclobranchs.  Lamarck"  has 
accepted  Cuvier's  taxononi}-,  while  Ferussac"  and  Rang*^  followed  that  of 
Blainville.  Fei-ussac  proposed  a  division  of  the  group,  allotting  the  marine 
species  to  his  new  genus  Onchis,  leaving  the  terrestrial  or  fresh  water 
forms  to  be  accommodated  by  Ouchidinm,  of  which  the  type  was  essentially 
teri-estrial. 

Blainville,  however,  removed  Ferussac's  name,  and  replaced  it  by  that 
of  Peroiita,  and  at  the  same  time  re-named  Cuvier's  species  reruiiin  mdnr- 
itiaiui ;  thus  again  establishing  two  groups,  leaving,  as  Fernssac  had,  the 
terrestrial  species  to  Onchidluni,  but  allotting  the  marine  species  to  his  new 
genus  Peroiila.  Delle  Chiaje^  in  1825  followed  Blainville  and  allotted  his 
MediteiTanean  species  Partheuopeia  to  FenDiia. 

In  1830  Cuvieri"^  essayed  to  establish  a  systematic  position  for  the 
group  of  Onchides  as  they  were  then  known,  and  placed  them  at  the  head 
of  the  Aquatic  Pulnionates.  It  must  be  noted,  that  while  Cuvier  was 
guided  by  his  masterly  knowledge  of  anatomy,  and  that  the  position  of 
the  external  openings  were  found  by  him  to  agree  with  Buchanan's  species, 
he  has  left  to  posterity  an  anatomical  figure  reversely  drawn  in  part,  as 
was  noted  by  Stoliczkaii.  This  has  no  doubt  been  responsible  for  some 
confusion  of  genera  and  species. 

The  voyage  of  the  "  Coquille "  brought  to  notice  a  supposed  new 
example  of  Onchidiida'  recoi-ded  by  Lesson'-  in  1828  under  the  name  of 
HitrJidHiiJuiid  (iiic/ii(hiiilc!<,  a  very  large  sub-marine  species  from  Conception 
Bay,  C/hili.  Lesson,  however,  while  offering  a  ligui-e  and  description  of 
his  species,  is  not  credited  with  regard  since  his  specimen  was  not  preserved 
and  has  not  again  been  seen. 


3  Buchanan— Trans.  Linn.  Soc,  v.,  1800,  p.  132,  pi.  v.,  figs.  1-3. 

*  Cuvier — Ann.  dn  Musoe,  v.,  1804,  p.  37. 

'•>  Blainville — Journal  de  Physique,  Dec,  1817;  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.,  x.xiii.,  1818, 
p.  501. 

''    Ijaiuarck  —  lli.st.  Auiiu.  sans  Verts.,  1st  ed.,  vi.,  L',  1822,  p.  16. 

^  Fi'-russae — Tabl.  Syst.,  pi.  xx.xi.,  1821. 

'^   Rang— Manual  I'Hist.  Nat.  Mollusques,  1825».  p    152. 

"  Delle  Chiaje — Descrizione  e  notomia  degli  animalia  sen/,a  vertelire  della 
Sieilia,  ii.,  1825,  p.  13,  pi.  xlvi. 

'"  Cuvier — Le  Regne  Animal,  ed.  1830,  t.  iii..  p.  46. 

"  Stoliczka — Journ.  Asiat.  Soc.  Benijfal,  xxxviii.,  ]>t.  2,  No.  2,  186W,  p.  ".»'.». 

'-Lesson — Voy.de  la  "  Coquille".  Zool.,  1828,  p.  2%;  H^ure  in  Adaius — Gen. 
Kcc.  Moll.,  iii.,  1858,  pi.  Ixxxi.,  ti^,'.  4,  4a,  j).  235. 


nNrniimit.f: — I!i;f:inal[,.  oOf) 

111  1831  Kliroiil)t're;'''  coiif  lihiiti'd  observiitioiis  on  flic  jirobalilc  means 
of  I'espiiiition,  wliicli  later  was  to  become  a  question  of  coiiKicierable  ai'pfii- 
nient  ;  and  in  1882  Andouin  and  Milne  Kdwards'^  recorded  some  habits 
and  observations  on  Onchidium  celficiaii,  noticed  by  Cuvier,  but  not 
described  by  him.  In  this  year  too  Deshayes'-''  records  his  opinion  that 
the  species  already  described  could  not  be  safely  g'iven  a  systematic  position 
until  further  research  had  been  conducted. 

In  liis  "  Kipfures  of  Molluscous  Animals,"  by  Mrs.  (rray,  Ciray'''  has 
ofiven  his  consideration  to  the  family  and  tabulates  a  list  of  four  orynera 
and  eighteen  species ;  and  he  introduces  the  new  genus  ihicliidelhi,  to 
which  he  allots  ten  species  hitherto  known  as  ihirliiditou,  though  the 
specification  of  this  genus  is  confined  to  a  single  phrase  "  back  without 
radiating  processes". 

The  year  1852  brings  an  addition  of  live  new  species  as  described  by 
Couthouy  and  Gould'". 

Forbes  and  Hanley'*^  in  185o  record  intei-esting  observations  for  the 
time  on  Onchldhnu  ceUicniii,  and  perliaps  correctly  desire  to  credit  the 
authority  of  the  species  to  Couch  and  not  to  Cuvier ;  to  these  observations 
are  appended  some  anatomical  notes  communicated  to  the  authors  by 
Hancock. 

Milne  Edwards'",  who  had  in  18;^)2  given  his  opinions  on  the  habits 
and  organisation  of  Our/iidliiiii  relticnnt.  with  Audouin,  withdi'aws  these 
opinions  in  his  "  LeQons  sur  la  Physiologic  at  I'Anatomie  de  I'Homme  et 
des  Animaux  "  and  agi'ees  with  the  previously  recorded  opinions  of 
Ehrenberg. 

Keferstein-'^^'  in  1805  published  some  valuable  notes  on  the  genitalia  of 
the  Onchidiida>,  and  while  these  observations  are  held  by  Joyeux-Laffuie 
to  be  of  little  importance,  and  probably  incorrect,  it  is  worthy  of  notice 
that  Keferstein's  observations  would  cause  tlie  Onchidiidii?,  to  be  considered 
among  the  Opisthobrauchiata. 

In  1869  Stoliczka^i  re-established  the  faulty  description  of  the  geno- 
type Onchidium  typjia',  and  in  addition  to  describing  some  new  species  he 
gives  some  observations  on  their  habits. 

In  1871  Vaillant--  published  his  anatomical  research  on  Ihicliidimn 
celtlcnm  and  Tasle-''  and  Recluz-^  also  made  additions  to  the  knowledge  of 

' •"'  Ehrenberg — Symbolse  Physicic  sen  Icones  et  descriptiones  animalium  everte- 
bratorum,  decas  prima,  1831. 

'•'  Audouin  and  Milne  Edwards — Kecherches  pour  servir  a  rhistoire  uaturelle  du 
littoral  de  la  France,  i.,  1832,  p.  118. 

'•''  Deshayes — Hist.  nat.  des  vers.,  ii.,  1832,  p.  663. 

I'i  Gray- Vol.  iv.,  1850,  p.  117. 

'"Couthouy  and  Gould — Wilkes  U.S.  Explor.  Exped.,  xiii.,  Moll.,  1852,  pp. 
290-293. 

'•^  Forbes  and  Hanley— British  Mollusca,  iv.,  1853.  p.  3,  pi.  FFF,  fig.  6. 

>9  Milne  Edwards — Legons  sur  la  physiologie  et  I'anatoniie  de  rhoiume  at  des 
animaux,  1857-81. 

-'"  Kefersteiu— Zeits.  wiss.  Zool.,  xv.,  1865,  pp.  86-93,  pi.  vi.,  figs.  14,  15. 

-1  Stoliczka — Journ.  Asiat.  Soc.  Bengal,  xxxviii.,  pt.  2,  No.  2,  1869,  p.  99  et  seq. 

■"  Vaillant  — Compte  Rendu,  Ixxiii.,  1871,  pp.  1172-1174. 

2:!  Taslo  — Journ.  de  Conch.,  xix.,  1871,  p.  368. 

-■•  Recluz— Act.  Soc.  Linn.  Bord.,  xxvii.  (Mel.  Malac),  1871,  pp.  59-62, 


306  i;EConi>s  of  the  austhaliax  jiusedm. 

this  species.  Onchidiina  verruciilntuvi  is  dealt  with  by  Nevill'-^,  while 
Moi'ch'^*'  contributes  }\is  observations  on  the  colouration  of  Peronia  verrn- 
culata,  P.  ))tuiirHi((na  and  P.  nuirviorata.  Da.\W  described  Onclndella 
hnrealis,  Bland  and  B'xwnef-^  Oiicliidiv)))  schrannm',  and  Tappej-one  Canefri^s 
OurhiileUd  (irisofuxca. 

Of  Onchidella  it  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  research  on  this  species 
by  Binney-^  showed  that  a  definite  jaw  was  present,  while  the  whole 
family  had  previously  been  considered  to  be  agnathous.  H.  von  Jhering^i 
continbuted  to  the  habits  of  Pemiiia,  insisting  on  the  fact  that  this  species 
lived  between  high  and  low  water,  and  defended  the  branchial  qualities  of 
the  dorsal  appendages — both  much  debated  questions. 

In  1880-2  Semper  produced  his  monograph  of  the  family  as  part  of  the 
''  Reisen  in  Archipel  Philippinen",  this  was  the  tii'st  and  very  successful 
attempt  to  bring  the  family  into  systematic  order,  and  to  establish  the 
relationship  of  the  genera  and  the  species.  In  this  work  Semper  admits 
two  genera — Ourliidhnu,  and  his  new  geuus  Onrlu'dijin,  the  former  made 
up  of  eighteen  species  divided  into  six  groups  characterised  by  the 
genitalia. 

Fischer  and  Crosse^s  discuss  the  characters  of  the  family,  admitting 
the  genera  Oiichidii(i)i  without,  and  Peronia  with,  ramified  dorsal  append- 
ages, both  occuin-ing  only  on  the  shores  of  the  Indo- Pacific  Oceans ;  and 
also  the  doubtful  genus  Bnrhavinoiia  and  the  genus  Oiicln'dlelJa. 

In  1882  the  thesis  of  Joyeux-Laffuie-^-'  added  to  the  work  of  Vaillant 
a  complete  knowledge  of  the  organisation  and  development  of  Oi)chidiit))i 
reltii'inn  ;  and  while  this  author  is  sceptical  of  the  accuracy  of  the  work 
done  by  his  predecessors,  his  taxonomy  is  at  fault,  and  his  observations 
would  cause  the  systematist  to  i-emove  the  family  from  the  Pulmonata  to 
the  Nudibi-anchiata.  As  a  result  of  this  paper  Brock-^^  also  came  to  the 
conclusion  that  Oiirln'diitnt  was  a  Nudibrancli  "  in  process  of  becoming  an 
air  breathe)"".  Berglv'^,  however,  avIio  must  be  admitted  to  be  a  leading 
authority  on  the  Nudibranchiala,  rejects  this  opinion  entii-ely  ;  and  von 
•Ihering^^"  is  opposed  to  the  opinions  of  Bergli. 

Until  1894  new  species  were  being  continually  described,  among  those 
of  interest  to  Australia  being  Ouchidiinn  climneleo)t,  descrilied  by  Bi-azier'" 
from  the  Lane  Cove  River  (Port  Jackson). 


25  Xevill — Proc.  Asiat.  Soc.  Bengal,  Dec.  1870. 

-6  Morch— Journ.  de  Conch.,  xx.,  1872,  p.  325  ;  and  Vid.  Medd.,  xi.,  1872,  p.  28. 

-'  Dall— Am.  .Journ.  Conch.,  vii.,  1872,  p.  135. 

-**  Inland  iind  Kinney— Ann.  Lye.  N.York,  x..  187-1,  pp.  339-341,  pi.  xvi.,  figs.  3-5. 

-"  Tapparone  Canefri  —  Malac.  Viag.  Rlagent.,  1873.  p.  101,  pi.  ii.,  fig.  la. 

a»  Kinney — P.  Acad.  Phil.,  1876,  p.  184,  pi.  vi.,  figs,  bb,  ee. 

■"  Jhering — Ueber  die  systeinni.  Stellung  von  Peronia  iind  die  Ordniing  dei- 
Nephropneusta,  1877. 

-•-•  Fischer  and  Crosse— Moll.  Mexique,  1878,  pp.  68.3-689,  pi.  xxxi.,  figs.  1-12. 

2:>  .Toyeiix-Laffuie — Organisation  et  developpment  de  I'Onchidie  {These  pniir  hi 
Fanilt(?  des  Hrienres  dr  I'urls,  1822). 

■•■*  Krock  — Kiol.  Centralblatt,  1883,  iii.,  12.  p.  370. 

s'*  Bergh— Murphol.  Jalir>>uch.,  Bd.  x.,  1884,  p.  172  ;  and  An.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist. 
(5),  xiv.,  1884,  p.  259. 

:'«  Jhering— Zeits.  wiss.  Zool.,  1879.  xli.,  p.  259. 

»'  Brazier — Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  x..  1886,  p.  729. 


ONrnii>iii>.t: — I!i;ktnam. 


n07 


In  1S!);>  Plati'-'*^  hiotiwlit  tlie  family  into  mofe  permanent  and  stable 
ei>ndition,  establishing  the  joreneriv  and  species  ;  and  with  this  paper,  so 
thorough  in  all  its  stages,  is  offei-ed  a  systematic  position  of  the  genera  as 

fdllinvs  : 

Tocti  branch  i  a  ta 


Origin  of  Pulmonata 


Nadibranchiata 

/        \ 

Holohepatica       Cladohe'patica 


Vatriuulidse 


Peroniua 


OucLidina 


>ucliidella 


—  Oncis 


Stylomatophora     Basomatophora 


Onchidium 


Of  the  subsequent  specific  and  anatomical  \voi>k  bv  Haller'",  Fujita'*", 
Wissei*',  Farran^-,  Felseneer^-',  Stantschinsky*^,  and  many  others,  little 
comment  need  be  made,  since  the  work  of  tliese  autliors  makes  valuable 
additions  and  no  alterations  to  the  establishment  of  tlie  family  as  set  by 
Plate,  and  closelv  followed  by  Simroth^-''. 


nr. — TiiR   Mrxf.ra. 

The  following  key,  based  on  the  woi-k  of   Plate,  has   been  adapted   to 
the  classification  of  the  Australian  and  South  Western  Pacific  forms  : 

A.     Male  genital  opening  toward  the  inside  and  below  the  right  tentacle. 

I.     With  appendicular  gland  and  cartilaginous  element  generally  present  in  the 
penis. 

OiichitHuiii.     Hyponota  narrower  than  the  sole  of  the  foot.     Head  large,  and  in 
life  projecting  freely  beyond  the  mantle  border.     Form  oval  or  elongate  oval. 

:•■»  Plate— Zool.  Jahrb..  Anat.,  vii.,  1893,  pp.  93-234,  taf.  1-12. 
■■'■'  Haller— Verh.  ver  Heidelb.,  v.,  1894,  p.  301. 
^"  Fujita — Zool.  Mag.,  vii.,  1896,  p.  47  (in  Japanese). 

•*!  Wissel— Zool.  Jahrb.,  Suppl.,  iv.  (Fauna  Chilensis,  i.)  ;    1898,  p.  583  et  seq. 
^■-  Farran— Report  on  the  Ceylon  Pearl  Fisheries,  iii.,  1905,  p.  329. 
«  I'eiseneer- Mem.  .Acad.  Belg.,  liv.,  1901,  fasc.  3. 
■•^  Stantschinsky — Zcnts.  wiss.  Zool.  Syst.,  xxvi.,  1908. 

«  Simroth — Bronn's   Klass.    u.  ord.  des  Tier.  Reichs.,  iii.,  1912,  Mollusca,  Lief. 
126-130. 


80S  I'.EC'OKDS    OP    TIIK    ArSTHALTAX    MrSEFJM. 

Back  arched.  Border  of  the  mantle  not  notched  and  without  niiilticellular 
glands.  Branchial  plumes  sometimes  present ;  dorsal  eyes  present  and  usually 
arranged  in  groups. 

Oncis.  Hyponota  as  broad  or  broader  than  the  sole  of  the  foot.  Head  small 
and  almost  always  broadly  over-reached  by  the  head  sliield.  Form  broadly 
oval,  elongate  oval,  or  rounded  ;  back  depressed.  Mantle  border  not  notched 
and  witliout  multicellular  glands.  Branchial  plumes  absent.  Dorsal  eyes 
when  present  not  arranged  in  groups. 

Ta.     Anterior  portion  of  the  jjeuis  armed  with  cartilaginous  hooks  ;  a  cartilaginous 

tulie  present Onrjiidiuni    steeiistyupii,   Semper. 

,,  mannoratum.  Lesson. 

,,  ambiguuiH,  Semper. 

,,  vaigiense,  Quoy  &  Gaimard. 

lb.     Anterior  portion  of  the  penis  armed  with  cartilaginous  hooks ;  posterior  portion 

soft  but  with  a  cartilaginous  element Onchidium  vei-rHCidalitm.  Cuvier. 

tnmidum,  Semper. 
,,  melanopnenmon,    Bergh. 

peronii,   Cuvier. 

Ic.     Anterior  portion  of  the  penis  snuioth,  and   without  cartilaginous  hooks  ;    a 
cartilaginous  tube  present. 

II.  An  appendicular  gland  present,  but  cartilaginous  element  absent 

Onchidimn  dauielii,   Semper. 
griseum,   Plate. 

III.  An  appendicular    gland    alisent,   but    cartilaginous    element    present    in   the 
penis. 

a.     With  small  cartilaginous  hooks  only Onrltidimn  nehnJosuni,  Semper. 

1).     With  small  cartilaginous  hooks  and  tube Oncis  coridceo,   Semper. 

c.  Anterior   portion    of    the    penis    soft   and    without    cartilaginous    hooks ;     a 
cartilaginous  tube  present '. Oncis  lata,  Plate. 

d.  Without  hooks  and  cartilaginous  tu))e,  but  with  a  small  cartilaginous  support 
near  the  appendicular  gland Oncjtidiiim  cinerenni,  Quoy  &.  Gaimard. 

IV.  An  appendicular  gland  and  cartilaginous  element  absent 

OiirhiJi u in  paimanum.   Semper. 
,,  nieriakrii,  Stant. 

,,  fangiforme,   Stant. 

,,  bentscJilii.  Stant. 

Oncis  chameleon.  Brazier. 
B.     The  male  genital  opening  situated  to  the  outside  of  the  right  tentacle.  ■ 

Pemnina. — The  hyponota  ascend  shar])ly  from  the  foot.  Body  form  oval. 
Mantle  border  notched.  Female  genital  opening  situated  I  of  the  body  length 
anteriorly.     Male  genital  02)ening  double. 

Oncliidina. — No  hyponota.  Form  elongate  oval,  hack  not  strongly  arched. 
Mantle  borders  not  notched.  Head  medium  in  size.  Branchial  plumes  and 
dorsal  eyes  absent.  Tentacles  incapable  of  retraction.  Respiratory  opening 
to  the  right  of  the  anus. 

OnchideUa.  —  Body  form  oval,  back  arched.  Mantle  border  finely  notched  or 
lobed,  frequently  with  large  cellular  glands  discharging  at  the  apex  of  tlie 
lobes.  Head  small.  A  slender  longitudinal  fold,  or  hyponotallina.  runs  from 
the  tentacle  to  the  resjjiratory  opening  close  to  the  foot  border,  and  on 
the  riglit  side  rather  near  the  foot  groove ;  the  hyponotallina  thus  sejiarates 
the  hyponota  into  a  liroad  finely  granulated  outer  zone  and  a  smooth 
inner  zone.  'J"he  foot  groove  runs  ))ack\\ards  to  the  anus,  fusing  with  the 
muscular  anal  ring.      Bra.nchial  jilumes  and  dorsal  eyes  absent. 

I.  Appendicular  gland,  cartilaginous  hooks  and  tuy)e  present  in  the  penis. 

II.  Without    an    appendicular  gland,   but   with  cartillaginous   hooks  and  tube 

present  in  the  penis Onrjiidina  riK.s^ahs,  Semper. 

III.  An  appendicular  gland  and  cartilaginous  element  absent 

OnchideUa  initelloides,   Quoy  &  Gaimai'd. 


ON'ciiiinih.1-: — itinrrNAi.i.. 


:^09 


Foi-  i-oinparisDii,  tlu'  rollowiii^  c'lassilifatioii  oi  Semi)ei'  is   of  interest, 
and  while  not  st)  (.•oiiiplete,  is  oC  valm^  :  it  is  adapted  liei-e  for  tlie  Aastraliau 
and  South  Western  Pacific  foims  only  : 
Group  I.      An  ap]>ciulicular  t;laiul  an. I  caitila;4iii.iU.s  U\\»-  ])rusent  in  the  penis......... 

^  .  ,,  i>efon\i,  (Juvier. 

tumidum.  Semper. 
sleenstrupii,  Semper. 

(in.up  II.      .An  apiiendi(.'iilar  i^l.in.l  present,  lait  cartila?,Mnuu8  tuhe  absent 

Onch'ulinni,  Irnpesoidiun,  Semper. 
diinielii,  Semper. 

Gronii  HI.      .\n  appendicular  j^land  al>.-^ent.  Imt  cartilaginous  tube  present 

Oxchidiuni,  coi-iacenm.  Semper. 

Group  IV.      An  apivcndicnlar  gland  and  cartilaginous  element  absent 

Oncliidintn  paiynannni.   Semper. 

Group  \'.      \V ithout  an  appendicular  gland  and  cartilaginous  element ;  mantle  V.order 

with  distinct  notches  and  papilhe.  the  latter  bearing  glandular  openings.. 

OnrhidtHm  yclirulatinti,  Semper  {=ii<iteUoides,  Quoy  &  Gaimard). 

Group  \l.     An  appendicular  gland  alisent,  but  a  cartilaginous  support  is  present 

Onchidium  i-iin'i-uinn,  Quoy  i  Gaimard. 

IV. — Thk  Species. 

(3\CH1I>1U.M     VEKKUCULATILM,    Clirier. 

Oiirltiih'iini  nerri(ri(latHin,  Cnvier,  Le  Regno  Animal,  "ind  ed.,  iii.,  1830,  p. 
46  (f.n.)  ;  and  in  Savigny,  Descrip.  de  TEgypt,  Moll.,  1809^,  p.  IS, 
pi  ii.,  fig  3.  /'?.,  Semper,  Reis.  im  Arch.  Phil.,  iii.  (Laudmoll.,  heft 
Y.]  1880,  p.  255,  taf.  xxi.,  fig.  1,  taf.  xxii.,  figs.  3-4.  hi,  Nevill,  Proc. 
Asiat.  Soe.  Bengal.,  Dec.  1870  (Jide  Zool.  Rec,  1870).  hi,  Farran, 
Rep.  Ceyh^n  Pearl  Fish.,  iii.,  1905,  p.  358,  pi.  vi.,  tigs.  13-22.  It/., 
Fnjita,  Zool.  Mag  ,  vii.,  1896,  p.  47  (in  Japanese).  Id.,  Bergh, 
Challenger  Rep.,  Zool.,  x.,  pt.  1,  1884,  p.  148,  pi.  vii.,  figs.  7-12,  p). 
viii.,  fig-.  14.  /(/.,  v.Martens  in  Weber,  Zool.  Frgebnisse,  iv.,  1897,  p. 
126.'  ]'/.,  Jhering,  Vergl.  Anat.  Nervensyst.  Moll.,  1877,  p.  230, 
taf.  iv.,  fig.  16. 

Ouckl'nuu  rvrnir,iJalnn,{CviX.),  Plate,  Zool.  .lahi'b.,  Anat.,  vii.,  1893,  p.  168. 

Feronia  cerrnrxlafa  (Cuv.),  Schmeltz,  Cat.  Mus.  Godelfroy,  v.,  1874,  p.  96, 
No.  1574.  Id.,  Keferstein,  Zeits.  wiss.  Zool.,  xv.,  1864,  p.  91.  Id., 
Fischer  and  Crosse,  ^SHdl.  Mexiqne,  1878,  pi.  xxxi.,  tigs.  13-15.  ./(/., 
Morch,  Vidd.  Med.,  xi.,  1872,  p.  28;  and  in  Journ.  de  Conch.,  xx., 
1872,  p.  335. 
Extennd    Chufdcters.— Body   form    oval,    back   not    strongly    arched. 

Head    hii-ge,    tentacles    long    and    cylindrical.       Mantle    border    smooth  ; 

anterior  portion  of  the  foot  often  projecting  beyond  it.      Hyponota  smaller 

than  the  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 

46Intlie  second  edition  of  "  Le  Regne  Animal  ",  Cuvier  thus  withdraws  his 
determination  of  the  species  submitted  to  him,  and  subseq.iently  figured  as  0.  peromt 
bv  Savigny  ■  and  while  the  name  of  0.  ven-uculatnm  must  remain  for  0.  pe.-onn  pars, 
as  was  followed  by  Keferstein  I.e.  and  others,  the  figure  and  description  of  0.  peronii 
in  Savigny's  work  therefore  represents  the  type  of  0.   verfucuLatum,  Cuvier. 


810  KECORDS    OF    THE    ATSTKALIAX    MUSECM. 

Average  size:  Leugtli  :^'l  cm.  breadth,  8  cm.,  height  2cm.  Greatest 
width  of  the  foot  sole  1'5  cm. 

Mantle  sculpture. — Tlie  mantle  is  liberally  covered  with  simple  and 
compound  tubercles.  Simple  tubercles  are  more  numerous  than  the 
compound  ones  and  varv  in  size  to  about  1"2  mm.  in  diameter.  Comi)ound 
tubercles  are  repi-esented  by  rosettes  of  from  five  to  seven  simple  tubercles. 
Short  and  bunched  bi-anchial  paj)ilhv  cover  an  area  of  the  posterioi-  Held 
of  the  mantle.  A  few  tubercles  bear  from  two  to  Hve  dorsal  eyes;  the 
number  and  arrangement  of  these  seems  to  be  very  variable  and  is  fully 
discussed  by  Semper  /.<■. 

Colour. — The  gi'ound  colour  above  is  olive  :  flecks  of  bi'owii  form  a 
variable  pattern  in  different  specimens,  while  tlie  underside  is  legularly  a 
lightei-  olive  than  the  upper  side.  Tlie  top  of  the  head  is  as  diirk  as  the 
ground  colour  of  the  mantle. 

Fositioii  of  opeuiiKjg. — The  ;inal  papilhi  is  j)artly  {)rotected  \)\  the 
tail  of  the  foot ;  the  respiratory  opening  in  the  median  line  is  closei'  to 
the  anal  papilla  than  to  the  numtle  border.  Male  and  fenuile  genital 
openings  typical  of  the  genus. 

Anatoiinj. — Described  and  figured  by  Cuvier  and  Bergh  :  jiarlly 
described  and  figured  by  Plate,  Farrau,  Keferstein  and  others. 

(iroiip  character. — Anterior  portion  of  the  penis  with  cartilaginous 
hooks ;   posterior  portion  smooth  aud  without  cartilaginous  element. 

Localities. — Brisbane  (Semper,  Grodelfi'oy  Museum)  ;  Samoa  (Semper, 
Godeffroy  Museum)  ;  Cape  York  and  Port  Mackay,  Queensland  (Sempei-, 
Kieler  Museum):  Port  Curtis,  Queensland  (Kesteven  Australian  Museum); 
Broken  Bay,  New  South  Wales  (Australian  Museum). 


OXCHIDICM     NKIU-LOSUM,     Sniipt'r. 

Onchidiniii    tiehulosuni,   Semper,    Reis.   im    Arch.    Phil.,    iii..  Landmoll..    v., 
1880,  p.  257,  taf.  xxi.,  tigs.  2-4. 

Onci(Jii(tii  iit'lniliisiiiii  (Seni|)er),  Plate,  Zoo).  Jiihrh.,  Anat.,  vii.,  lS98,  p.  171. 

I'j.iti'riiiil  c/ntrKcters. — Body  oval,  b.ick  sti'ongiy  Mrched.  Head  small, 
tentacles  long.  Hyponota  sloping  and  raised,  and  snuiller  tiian  the 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  ;  the  lattei-  flat  and  much  bi-oader  at  the 
anterior  than  the  posterior  end. 

Average  size:  Length  42  mm.,  breadth  28  mm.,  height  1(>  mm. 
Greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  IG  mm. 

Mmilli'  .<(-iiliifin-r. — The  maiilh-  is  i-egularl\-  and  thickly  covered  \\\\\\ 
small  papilla'  ;  at  the  posteiior  eml  the  papilla'  aii'  inoii'  di-nsi-ly  aiTanged 
and  appear  to  be  grouped.  Seven  to  nine  eyes  -aw  present  on  nnmy 
papillae. 

Colour. — The  uppei'  surface  is  regularly  brownish  in  coloui',  with  an 
irregular  pattern  of  lighter  and  darker  flecks  ;  the  underside  is  a  dirty 
yellow,  the  upper  side  of  the  head  being  a  bluish  black. 


(>N('IIIhlll>.K ItRKI  NAI.I,.  811 

Position  i)f  openiui/f!. — 'The  anus  is  situated  on  a  small  papilla,  ami  is 
eutii'ely  covered  by  the  tail  of  tlie  foot  ;  tlie  respiratory  opening  is  in  the 
median  line  close  to  the  mantle  border.  Male  genital  opening  situated  to 
the  right  and  inside  the  riglit  tentacle  and  close  to  its  base.  Fennile 
genital  opening  t^'pical  of  the  genus. 

Aiidtoiiiij. — Partly  described  l)y  Semper  and  I'late. 

(iiiinp  clmincler.  —  Anterioi"  poi'tion  of  the  penis  with  hooks,  posterior 
l)itr(ion  soft  and  without  cartilaginous  element. 

LoCdlily. — Ponape,  South-western  Pacific  (Plate). 

ONCitllMlTM     (JlilSKlM,    riiilr. 

(hiriih'inii   iiriseuiii,  Plate,  Zool.  Jahrb  ,  Anat.,  vii.,  18!>.'>,  p.  179. 

E.vtennil  r/ntrin-Jers. — Body  elongate  oval,  equally  rounded  anteriorly 
and  posteriorly;  back  rounded  but  not  sti-ongly  arched.  Head  large, 
tentacles  long.  llyponolii  slojjing,  and  smaller  than  the  greatest  width  of 
the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Length  275  mm.,  breadth  *J0  mm.,  lieight  It!  mm. 
Greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  17  mm. 

iLudle  scalyture. — The  mantle  is  thickly  covered  with  granules  and 
papilhc.  The  jiapilla'  are  regularly  one  mm.  in  height,  Avith  flattened  tops  ; 
and  around  these  from  five  to  eight  granules  are  arranged.  The  granules 
var^'  in  size,  but  they  are  always  smaller  than  the  papilla^.  Some  papilla- 
carry  from  one  to  three  eyes  and  these  ai"e  lighter  in  colour  than  the 
gronnd  colour  of  the  mantle. 

Colour. — The  ground  colour  of  the  mantle  is  regularly-  a  greyish  white, 
while  the  points  of  the  papillae,  as  mentioned  above,  are  conspiculously 
lighter  in  colour.  The  foot  and  uudersui'face  are  light  and  rather  yellowish 
in  colour. 

Position  of  npeiiiinjf. — The  anal  papilla  is  not  pi'otected  by  the  tail  of 
the  foot;  the  x-espiratory  opening  in  the  median  line  is  close  to  the  mantle 
border.     Male  and  female  genital  openings  typical  of  the  genus. 

Anatomy. — Described  by  Plate. 

Group  character.- — ^Au  appendicular  glaud  present,  but  cartilagim)us 
element  absent  from  the  penis. 

Locality. — Polynesia  (Plate). 

OxcHiDiDM  PEKONii,  Cuvier. 

Uncliiiliuiii  pcronii,  Cuvier,  An.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.  Paris,  v.,  1804,  p.  38,  pi. 
vi.,  tigs.  1-9.  /(/.,  Le  Regne  Animal,  3rd  ed.,  1836-49,  p.  69  (f.n.). 
hi.,  Mem.  a  I'Hist  at  a  1' Anat.  Moll.,  xiii.,  1817,  p.  1,  pi.  i.,  tigs.  1-9.  /(/., 
Ferussac,  Tabl.  Syst.  Moll.,  1821,  pt.  2,  p.  6.  Id.,  Lamarck,  Hist, 
nat.  An.  sans  Vert.,  1st  ed.,  vi.,  1822  (2),  p.  46.  LI.,  Deshayes,  2nd.  ed., 
vii.,  1836,  p.  709.  LI,  Krauss,  Siidafr.  Moll.,  1848,  p.  72.  LL, 
Semper,  Heis.  im.  Arch.  Phil.,  iii.,  Landmoll.,  v.,  1880,  pp.  258  and  260. 
LI,  Connolly,  Ann.  S.Afr.  Mus.,  xi.,  3,  1912,  p.  224.  LL,  Gray,  Fig. 
Moll.  Anim.,  iv.,  1850,  p.  117.  Id.,  Quoy  and  Gaimard,  Voy.  "Uiunie" 
et  "Ph^-sicienne",  Zool.,  1824,  p.  428. 


312  nKConi>s  of  tiik  ai'stramax   mtsktm. 

Oiichidiuvi   tonijanniii,  Quoy  and  Gainiard,  Voy.  Astrolabe,  Zool.,  ii.,  1832, 

p.  210,  pi.  XV.,  tigs.  17-18.      Id.,  .Semper,  Keis.    im.    Ai-ch.    Phil.,   iii., 

LaudinolL,  v.,  1880,  p.  258,  taf.  xix.,  figs.  2,  9,  taf.  xxii.,  figs.  1,  2,  10. 

/</.,  Desliayes,  Hist.  uat.  Aiiim.  sans  Vert.,  vi.  (2),  1836,  p.  709.     Id., 

Cuuniugliaru,  Encycl.  Britainiica,  11th  ed.,  1910,  xi.,   p.   252,  fig.  62. 

///.,  Bergh,  Challenger  Rep.,  Zuol.,  x.,  pt.  1,  1884,  p.  142,  pi.  vi.,   fig. 

19,  pi.  viii.,  figs.  1-2. 
Oui'ldium  [leruni  (Cuvier),  Plate,  Zoul.  Jalirb.,  Anat.,  vii.,  1893,  p.  172. 
Veronia  iiianritiana,  Blaiuville,  Man.  de  Make,  1825,  p.  489,  pi.  xlvi.,  fig. 

7,  1827.     hi.  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.,  xxxviii.,  1825,  p.  523,  pi.   Ixiii.,   fig.   7, 

1816-30. 
/  Peronia  rorpidenla,  CJoiild,  Moll.  Wilkes  U.S.  Expl.  Exp.,  xii.,  1852,  p.  293. 
Feronia  toixjensix  (Quoy  and  Gaimard),  Gray,  Fig.  Moll.  Anini.,  iv.,  1850, 

p.  117. 
Feronia  lomjana   (Quoy  and  Gaimard),  Tapparone  Canefri,  Faun.  Mai.  N. 

Guinea,  1883,  p.  214.      Id.,   H.  and  A.  Adams,  Gen.  Rec.  Moll.,  ii., 

1858,  p.  235,  pi.  Ixxxi.,  tig.  3. 

Exteniul  character^:.  —  Body  elongate  oval,  not  strongly  arched. 
Mantle  border  smooth  in  smaller  specimens,  and  somewhat  notched  in 
larger  ones.  Head  large,  and  projecting  freely  as  much  as  six  to  eight  nun. 
beyond  the  mantle  border.  Tentacles  short  and  conical,  and  capable  ol' 
reti-action  into  a  more  broadly  conical  base ;  eyes  at  the  tips  surrounded 
by  a  darker  ring.      Hyponota  equal  to  the  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Largest  specimen  examined,  length  104  mm.,  breadth 
l^ii  mm.,  height  20  mm.,  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  29  mm.  ;  smallest 
specimen  examined,  length  50  mm.,  breadth  35  mm.,  height  20  mm., 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  10  mm. 

Mantle  t^<:  nipt  are. — The  mantle  is  liberally  covered  with  laige  and 
small  papillae,  and  with  coarse  and  fine  granules  irregularly  arranged.  In 
some  areas  the  papilla?  are  more  or  less  grouped  ;  the  papilla'  when 
gi'ouped  and  in  the  middle  tiehl,  stiiiul  sis  much  as  '.]  mm.  I'l-oni  the  back, 
while  the  isolated  and  other  pii  pi  I  lu' average  1  mm.  in  liciglit.  Thegi'oups 
of  papiihe  ai'e  ol"  definite  rormatioii,  and  {iomprise  (1)  gi-oups  having  a 
central  pajtihi  around  which  are  arranged  lour  to  six  |)apilla'  ol"  the  same 
si/.e ;  (2)  groups  where  the  central  papilla  is  actually  made  up  of  four 
small  papilla?,  around  which  are  five  to  seven  bunches  of  tliii'c  jjapilhv  in 
each  bunch  ;  (3)  gioups  of  three  to  four  papillfe  appealing  as  snnill  tufts. 
The  majority  of  the  i)apilla'  beardoi'sal  eyes,  either  singly  oi- in  irregularly 
arranged  groups;  they  ai'c  more  numei-ous  in  the  middle  and  ]>osterior 
field,  but  are  present  even  around  the  mantle  margin.  In  large  specimens 
bi-anchial  plumes  are  well  developed,  close  to  the  posterior  mantle  border. 

Colour. — The  ground  colour  above  is  olive,  with  an  irregular  patteiii 
of  lighter  and  darker  patches.  The  papilhv  and  granules  conform  to  (lie 
change  of  colour,  and  in  numy  cases  they  may  be  half  the  ground  colour 
and  half  the  pattern  colour.  The  foot  and  the  underside  are  regularly 
yellowish  ;   the  upper  side  of  the  head  being  i-ather  nu)re  olive  in  colour. 

Fiisitioii  nj  oiteniiiija. — The  nnile  genital  opening  is  situated  in  a  trans- 
verse slit  varying  to  P5  mm.  in  length.  The  anus  is  situated  on  an  anal 
papilla  emanating  from   the  loot  groove;   the  tail    of    (he    foot    is  ilecply 


ONClIlhllli  V lU.'ETNAI.I-.  'M?> 

iHitclit'tl,  mill  in  this  luitcli  (lir  [laiiillii  sdiiiils  ii iiprnt I'ctt'd.  'I'lic  |iii[)illii  is 
conical  in  sliape,  and  varies  (o  4  mm.  in  liciglit.  'I'lie  rcs[)initnry  dpeniiifj; 
in  tlie  median  line  is  S  mm.  heliind  tlie  anal  ))af>illa,  and  has  llic  I'oini  of 
ii  peipcndiciiliir  slit  with  I'onndetl,  bnt  not  pi'oniinent  lips. 

The  female  genital  opening  is  situated  on  a  small  papilla  lying  at  the 
liead  of  tlie  genital  gi-oove  ;  in  this  species  the  groove  is  very  conspicuous, 
and  may  be  easily  followed  as  fai"  as  the  frontal  shield,  where  it  turns 
inwards  to  the  pore  of  the  foot  gland  situated  behind  the  mouth. 

Aniitoiny. —  Described  and  figured  by  Hergh  ;  histology  of  the  dorsal 
tubercles  described  by  Semper  and  Plate. 

iiroiiji  c/nirdcfor. — Anterior  jjortion  of  the  penis  armed  with  cartil- 
aginous hooks  ;   posterior  portion  soft,  but  with  a  cartilaginous  element. 

LoralltieK.  —  Samoa,  South-western  I'acific  (Semper,  Godeffroy 
Museum);  Port  Dorey,  New  (iuinea  (Qno}-  and  Gaimard)  ;  Santa  Cruz, 
South-western  Pacific  (Austi'alian  Museum,  Coll.  Jennings)  ;  Buccaneer 
Group,  Western  Aii.sfi'alia  (AustrjiJian  Museum,  Coll.  Basedow). 

O.XCll  I  LI  I U  M     M  E  l;  I A  K  HI  I ,   Shnil^r/t  illsl,-//. 

OnchiiJi urn  utpriatrii,  Stantschinsky,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Syst.,  xxv.,  1907,  p.  355, 
taf.  xii.,  figs.  1-3. 

E.i'tcnnd  characters. — Form  oval,  back  sti'ongly  arched.  Head  small, 
tentacles  long,  and  conical.  Hyponota  smaller  than  the  greatest  width  of 
tlie  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  length  33  mm.,  breadth  19  mm.,  height  17  mm.; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole,  13*5  mm. 

Mantle  sculpture. —  The  mantle  appears  quite  smooth  to  the  naked  eye, 
but  is  densely  covered  with  very  small  tubercles  visible  only  with  the  aid 
of  a  lens.  Rather  larger  reti^acted  eye  papilhe  are  irregularly  placed  over 
the  mantle  surface,  a  more  conspicuous  papilla  occupying  the  centre  of 
the  middle  field.     Each  papilla  bears  from  three  to  four  eyes. 

Cohmr. — The  ground  colour  of  the  mantle  is  olive,  the  middle  field 
being  somewhat  lighter;  and  this  lighter  ai"ea  is  bordered  by  two  darkei- 
lines.  The  edges  of  the  mantle  are  darker  in  colour  than  the  ground 
colour,  though  the  darker  colour  merges  into  the  lighter,  so  that  the 
dai'ker  ai^ea  could  not  be  recognised  as  a  border.  The  underside  is 
i-egularly  a  light  brown  colour,  with  darker  pigment  spots  placed  iri'egu- 
larly  over  the  hyponota. 

Piisitio)/  of  openings. — The  anus  is  situated  on  an  anal  papilla,  and  is 
not  protected  b}'  the  tail  of  the  foot ;  the  respiratory  opening  in  the 
median  line  is  close  to  the  mantle  borber.  Male  genital  opening  is  typical 
of  the  genus;  female  genital  opening  situated  15  mm.  to  the  right  of  the 
anal  papilla. 

Anatomy. — Described  and  figured  by  Stantschinsky. 

Group  character. — Appendicular  gland  and  cartilaginous  element 
absent 

Locnlitij. — Queensland  (type  locality,  Stantschinsky). 


31t  HECORDS    OF    TlIK    ACSTRAMAN    Ml'SErM. 

Onchidicm  amhigudm,  Semper. 

Oiichidiniu    amhlguum,   Semper,   Reis.    im   Arch.   Phil.,  iii.,  Landmoll,   v., 

1880,  p.  264,  taf.  xx.,  fig.  5.,  taf.  xxi.,  figs.  22,  24. 
?  OnchidiuDi  vaiylense  (Qnoy  and  Gaimard),  Semper,  Reis.  im  Arcli.  P)iil., 

iii.,  Laiidmoll.,  vi.,  1880,  p.  289. 

External  characters. — Body  gh)bnlar,  back  not  strongly'  arched. 
Mantle  border  smooth,  underside  flat.  Tentacles  sliort,  eyes  at  the  tip 
ringed  with  olive.  Head  very  large  and  projecting  beyond  the  mantle 
border.     Hypouota  smaller  than  the  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Lengtli  18-19  mm.,  breadth  11-12  mm.,  height  8  mm. ; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  5-6  mm. 

Mantle  xcalptvre. — The  mantle  is  I'egularly  covered  with  small  gran- 
ules which  are  somewhat  massed  in  the  middle  field.  The  eyes  appear  as 
dark  points  on  the  eye  papilla^,  even  Avith  the  naked  eye.  Tlie  eyes  may 
be  single,  and  not  more  than  four  ai-e  present  in  a  group. 

Colour. — The  ground  colour  of  the  mantle  is  yellowish  witli  a  variable 
and  slightly  dai'ker  pattern.      Underside  a  dirty  yellow. 

Position  of  opeiiinii!<. — The  anus  is  situated  on  a  very  small  papilla, 
paith' protected  by  the  foot ;  the  respiratory  opening  in  the  median  line 
is  closer  to  the  anus  than  to  tlie  mantle  border.  Male  and  female  openings 
typical  of  the  genus. 

Anatomy. — Described  and  figured  in  part  by  Semper. 

Group  character. — Cartilaginous  hooks  and  tube  present  in  the  penis. 

Locality. — Pelew  Island,  North  Pacific  (type  locality,  Semper)  :  Dunk 
Island,  Queensland  (Australian  Museum). 

ONCHiDir:\i   VAIOIENSE,  Qnoy  ami  (tainiarJ. 

Oiichidlnm    vaicflense,  Quoy   and   Gaimard,  Voy.  de  r"rrniiie"  ct  "Phvsic- 

ienne",   Zool.,    1824,"  p.   429.       Id.,   Plate,   Zool.    .laliih.,    .\nat.,"vii., 

189:3,  p.  175,  taf.  vii.,  fig.  10,  taf.  xi.,  fig.  79. 
Onchidium   vaigleiisifi   (Quoy  and    Gaimard),    Tappaionc    CanelVi.,    Kami. 

Mai.  N.Guinea,  1883,  p.  213. 
?  Onchidinvi  anibigmtm,  Sempej',  Reis.  im    Arch.  Phil.,  iii.,  Laiidmoil.,   vi., 

1882,  p.  289. 

External  character.-^. — Body  broadly  oval,  almost  rounded,  back 
strongly  arched.  Head  small,  tentacles  slioi-t  and  cylindrical.  Hypouota 
flat,  and  smaller  or  equal  to  the  gi-eatest  width  of  tlic  loot  sole. 

Average  size:  Lengtli  22  mm.,  breadth  li)  mm.,  height  l;)-5  nun.: 
greatest  widtli  of  the  foot  sole  10  mm. 

Mantle  scnlptnre. — A  regularly  fine  gi'anulation  covers  the  whole  of 
the  mantle  ;  the  grannies  are  of  tlie  same  size,  and  each  possesses  a  minute 
light  spot  marking  a  glandular  opening.  In  the  middle  field  three  or  four 
are  recognisable,  placed  closely  t<igethei'. 

pDlonr.-The  colouring  is  very  bright  and  this  species  in  life  is  the 
most  brilliantly  colouj-ed  one  of  the  family,  'i'he  grcmnd  colour  is  light 
yellow.,  and  the  wliole  of  the  mantle  surface  is  marbled  with  darker  vellow 


0\i'lllli|ll>,+' m.'KTNAIl,.  315 

iviid  brown.  In  juvenile  specimens,  broad  yt^'low  and  brown  bands  and 
spots  are  predominant ;  while  in  adult  specimens  tiie  ground  colour  pre- 
vails. The  foot  is  dirty  yellow  in  coloui-,  while  the  head  is  bluish-black. 
The  hyponota  are  olive,  and  the  respiratory  opening  is  linged  with  yellow. 

I'diitiuii  of  i>iie)ii)ufs. — Typical  of  the  genus. 

Anatomy. — Described  by  Plate. 

Group  rliavitcter. — Anterior  portion  of  the  penis  with  Ciutilaginous 
hooks;  a  cartilaginous  tube  is  present. 

Lofdliti/. — Vaigiou  and  Rawak,  New  (Jniiica  (tj)uoy  and  riainiard)  ; 
Pouape,  Sonth-westei-n  Pacific  (l*late). 

Oncihimum  STKKNSi'Kui'ii,  Semper. 

( hirliidium  Kteeiistrapii,  Semper,  Reis.  im  Arch.  Phil.,  iii.,  Ijaiidinoil.,   vi., 

1882,  p.  265,  taf.  xx.,  fig.  5,  taf.  xxi.,  fig.  22,  24. 

Oiii'idlflla  steenstrupii  (Semper),  Tapparone  Canefri,  Faun.  Mal.  N.Guinea, 

1883,  p.  213. 

Eternal  diaracters. — Body  shape  globular,  back  not  strongly  arched. 
Mantle  boi'ders  smooth.  Head  large;  tentacles  short  and  conical.  Hypo- 
nota smaller  than  the  greatest  widtli  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size  :  Length  1"9  cm.,  breadth  16  cm.,  height  1  cm. ;  greatest 
width  of  the  foot  sole  15  cm. 

Mantle  ^^ndptnre. — The  mantle  appeals  to  be  smooth,  but  is  finely 
granulated.  Small  groups  of  papilla?  to  the  right  and  left  of  the  middle 
field  bear  from  five  to  seven  eyes. 

Colonr. — The  ground  colour  of  the  mantle  is  light  brown,  witli  an 
irregular  pattern  of  darker  flecks.  The  underside  is  yellowish-brown, 
the  hyponota  and  upper  side  of  the  head  being  darker  in  colour. 

Position  of  openinija. — The  anus  is  situated  on  a  small  papilla  and  is 
well  protected  by  the  tail  of  the  foot  ;  the  respiratory  opening  in  the 
median  line  is  half  way  between  the  anal  papilla  and  the  mantle  border. 
Male  and  female  genital  openings  typical  of  the  genus. 

Anatomy. — Described   by  Semper. 

firowp  character. — Cartilaginous  hooks  and  tube  present  in  the  penis. 

Lorality.  —  Ponape,  South-western  Pacific  (Semper,  (lodeifi-oy 
Museum)  ;  New  Guinea  (Semper,  Tapparone  Canefri). 

Onchididm  melanopneumox,  Berijli. 

OnrliiiJium  melanopneiimon,  Bergh,  Challenger  Rep.,  Zool.,  x.,  pt.  1,  1884, 
p.  129,  pi.  iv.,  figs.  25,  27,  pi.  v.,  figs.  1-27,  pi.  vi.,  lig.  5-18,  20,  21. 
}(/.,  Joyeux-Laffuie,  Arch.  Zool.  Exper.  (2),  iii.,  1885,  p.  i\. 

?  Oncidlam  peroni,  Plate,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Anat.,  vii.,  1893,  p.  172. 

External  characters. — Body  rounded,  back  not  strongly  arched.  Mantle 
boi'ders  smooth.  Head  large,  tentacles  long.  Hyponota  smooth  and 
smaller  than  the  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Length  6*5  cm.,  breadth  4  cin.,  Height  2  5  cm.: 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  3  cm. 


316  T^ECORBS    (IP    THR    AHf^TRA  F.I  A\    ^fDSEUM. 

Mantle  snilptnre. — The  inautle  is  regularly  eovered  with  large  single 
grannies,  and  tlie  areas  between  these  by  smallei-  and  more  closely  packed 
grannies.  The  grannies  a])pear  greyish  in  colour  compared  to  the  ground 
colour  of  the  luantle.  Minute  eyes  ai-e  present  in  groups  of  three  to  four 
around  a  central  eye  papilla. 

Colour. — The  ground  colour  of  the  mnntle  is  hlnish-black.  the  under- 
side is  regularly  yellowish. 

Position  of  openimja. — Typical  of  the  genus. 

Aiiafo)]iy. — Described  and  figured  by  Bergli. 

Group  character. — The  anterior  porticni  of  the  penis  armed  with  small 
cartilaginous  hooks  ;  postei'ior  portion  smooth,  a  cartilaginous  rod  is 
absent. 

Ldcalitij. — Fiji,  South-western  I'aciHc  (IBergli)  ;  Loi-d  Howe  Island, 
South-western  Pacitic  (Australian  Museum). 

0.\<'llll>ir.M    1;ki  ixilMi,  ^7(^(/.•>■rA/■/^s■/,•_//. 

Oiicln'ilintti  heiifsclilii,  Stantschinsky,  Zool.  Jahi'b.  Syst.,  xxv.,  1907,  p.  388, 
taf.  xii.,  figs.  10-12.  /'/.,  Simroth,  in  Bronn's  Tier-Reich.,  Moll.,  iii., 
1910,  Lief.  109-112,  p.  244. 

E.vtervid  characters. — Body  oval  in  shape,  and  nither  low  and  flattened. 
Hyponota  sloping  toward  the  sole  of  the  foot,  and  smaller  than  its  greatest 
width.  Head  small,  tentacles  long  and  conical.  Mantle  borders  smooth 
and  inclined  to  be  directed  upwai'd. 

Average  size:  Length  26  mm.,  breadth  27  mm.,  height  14  mm.  ; 
graetest  widtht  of  the  foot  sole  13'2  mm. 

Mantle  sculpture. — The  mantle  is  entirely  covered  with  very  small 
granules.  Small  and  fine  papillae  are  irregularly  placed  over  the  middle 
field,  but  at  the  mantle  borders  are  more  closely  and  compactly  arranged. 
The  largest  pa[)ill8e  possess  retractile  points,  bearing  from  thi-ee  to  foui" 
eyes,  and  ai'e  sui'rounded  by  smaller  papilhv,  all  of  which  art>  dnrker  than 
the  ground  colour.   . 

Colour. — The  ground  colour  is  olive;  the  gi-anules  and  jiapilhe  are  a 
darker  shade,  and  where  they  stand  compactlv  nnissed  their  darker 
coloui'ing  forming  an  irregular  pattern.  Thus  the  middle  field  appenrs 
much  lighter  than  the  outer  field.      The  underside  is  j'egulai'ly  olive. 

Position  of  openijif/s. — The  anus  is  situated  on  an  anal  jiajiilla  partlv 
protected  by  the  tail  of  the  foot.  The  respii-atorv  opening  in  the  median 
line  is  closer  to  the  anal  papilla  than  to  the  mantle  border  by  one-fifth  o\' 
the  distance. 

Anatomy. — Described  and  figui-ed  by  Stantschinsky. 

Group  character. — -Appendicular  glaiul  and  cartilaginous  elenient 
absent. 

Locality. — Queensland  (type  locality,  Stantschinsky). 

ONrillHIDM    TCMII'UM,  Seiliprr. 

OnchidiiDu  tnmidaiii,  Semper,  Reis.  im  .\rch.  I'hil.,  iii.,  Laiidmoll.,  v., 
1880,  p.  262,  taf.  xx.,  figs.  3-4,  taf.  x.viii  ,  tig.  4.  fit  ,  Martyn  in 
Webei-,  Krgebnisse,  iv.,  1H97,  p.  126. 


oNi'iiihiihi: — r.i.'FTNAi.i,.  ;-5l7 

(liiridlinii  ( iniiiihiiii,  Pliilc,  Zonl.  .liilirh.,  Aiiivt.,  vii.,  ISS).'},  p.    17i!. 

f  ())ii-lt!diain  pKiicliitiiiii  ((.^iu)_v  and  ( iaiiiiiii'd),  Si'iiipi'r,  Keis.  i)ii  Arch.  IMiil., 
iii.,  Laiidnioll.,  v.,  1880,  )>.  -IS'.).  /-/.,  Sinitli,  Voy.  "  Alert",  Zo(.l., 
1884,  p.  1)2. 

rcniiii((,  ^/i.,  SfliiiH'lt/,  Cat.  Mas.  (ii)dflTn)V,  v.,   I871',  No.  l')?!;!,    p.  '.Ml. 

Z"  I'l-nuii'ii  pnncUtUt  (Cihioy  and  ( laimard),  'I'apparoin'  ('a  nrlri,  l<'iiiiii.  Mai. 
N. Guinea,  188o,  p.'-214. 

External characlerti. — Budy  egg->slia[)ed,  bark  strongly  arched.  Maiitlf 
border  smooth.  Head  small  ;  tentacles  long.  Hyp<jnota  smallej-  than 
the  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Length  iif)  mm.,  Inradtli  22  mm.,  height  15-20  mm.  ; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  17  mm. 

Maufle  acitlptiirr. — The  mantle  is  densely  covered  with  large  and 
small  granules.  Irregularly  arranged  ai-e  a  great  number  of  pointed 
papilla-,  and  between  these  stand  the  somewhat  flattened  eye  bearing 
papilhe,  which  are  most  numerous  in  the  middle  Held.  The  eyes  are  in 
groups  varying  from  two  to  fourteen. 

Coluiir. — The  ground  colour  of  the  mantle  is  olive,  verging  to  a 
lighter  yellowish  colour  near  the  mantle  border.  The  uiulerside  is 
regularly  grey. 

FositioH  of  opeiiiiK/r;. — Typical  of  the  genus. 

Anatomy. — Partly  described  and  figured  by  Semper  and  Plate. 

(Iroiip  character. — Anterior  portion  of  the  penis  with  small  cartila- 
ginous hooks;   posterior  portion  soft,  and  without  cartilaginous  element. 

Locality. ~^Fovi  Mackay,  Queensland  (Semper);  Xudgee  and  Brisbane, 
Queensland  (Australian  Museum)  ;   Ponape,  South-western  Pacific  (Plate). 

Oxi  iiinirM    I'APUAM'.M,  Semper. 

Oiichldliiiii   papihiHiiui,   Sempei',    lieis.  im    Aj'cIi.  Phil.,  iii.,  Landmoll.,    vi., 

1882,  p.  276,  taf.  xxi.,  fig.  17,  taf.  xxii.,  fig.  ;>. 

I'eroiiia    pupnaua    (Semper),    Tapparone    Canefri,    Kaun.    Mai.    N.Ciiiinea, 

1883,  p.  215. 

E.i'teriiaJ  characters. —  Body  oval  in  shape,  back  strongly  arched. 
Mantle  borders  smooth.  Head  laige  ;  tentacles  short.  Hyponota  smaller 
than  the  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Length  13-15  mm.,  breadth  9  mm.,  height  <i-7  mm.  ; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  6"5  mm. 

Mantle  sculpture. — The  mantle  is  regularly  covered  with  small  gi-an- 
ules,  with  larger  graimles  irregularly  situated  over  the  surface  ;  between 
the  granules  stand  small  conical  tubercles  bearing  eyes  in  gi'oups  of  three 

to  foui'. 

Colour. — The  ground  colour  of  the  nianllc  is  dark  grey:  a  radiating 
pattern  of  olive  to  light  brown  varies  in  strength  of  colour  in  different 
specimens.     The  underside  is  regularly  olive. 


318  RECORDS    OF    THE    AL'STRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Position  of  opouugs. — Typical  of  the  genus. 

Anatoiitii. — Described  and  figured   by  Semper. 

(ji-oiip  c/idracter. — Penis  gland  and  caitilaginuus  element  absent  from 
the   penis. 

Localitij. — -New  Guinea  (Semper,  Vienna  Museum)  ;  (Tappanme 
Cauefri). 

Onchihiim    I'AMkmi,  Scni/irr. 

OnrhidiiuH  ihnneHi,  Semper,  Heis.  ini  Aicli.  Pliil.,  iii.,  Landmoll.,  vi., 
1882,  p.  270,  taf.  XX.,  fig.  2,  taf.  xxi.,  fig.  \).  1,1.,  Leiidenfeld,  Fruc. 
Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  x.,  1886,  p.  731.  /-/.,  Lendenfeld,  gmnt. 
.lourn.  Micro.  Sci.  (2),  vi.,  1886,  p.  775.  /(/.,  Tenison  Woods,  .Join  n. 
Roy.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxii.,  pt.  ii.,  1S88,  p.  170,  pi.  vii.,  fig.  9-U. 
i(/.,  Tapj)aroiie  Cauefri.,  Faun.  Mai.  N.Guinea,  1883,  p.  213. 

E.iieninl  i-liio-iKiera. — Body  oval,  bjick  strongly  arched.  Head  large 
and  often  piojecting  beyond  the  inantle  border.  Tentacles  short,  and 
conical.      H^'ponota  smaller  than  tlie  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Length  20  mm.,  breadth  15  mm.,  height  7  mm.; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  11  mm. 

Mantle  sctdiiture. — The  mantle  is  finely  gianulaled  between  small 
scattered  papillae.  The  middle  field  appears  smooth  com|)aied  to  the 
outer  field,  wheie  the  papilla?  are  more  numerous.  Many  of  tlie  papillj^ 
bear  eyes  in  varying  numbers,  and  these  may  be  so  pnnninent  that  they 
cause  the  mantle  to  appeal'  S[)otted.  In  a  number  of  s|)ecimens  large 
multicellalai'  glands  are  present;  their  presence  is  probably  contingent  on 
the  stage  of  growth,  or  they  may  be  seasonal. 

Colour. — -The  colour  above  is  olive  or  green,  and  an  ii'regular  darkei' 
patterning  may  be  present.  The  undersides  of  the  mantle  are  dark  blue, 
while  the  foot  and  head  are  yellowish  in  colour. 

I'osition  of  opeiiiiitj!f. — Typical  of  the  genus. 

AiKitoiiiii.- — -Described  and  figui'ed  by  Semper.  Histology  oi  the 
doi'sal  tubei'cles  and  eyes  by  Lendenfeld  and  Tenison  Woods. 

({roup  i-Jtdiuffter An  ;i [)pendiculai'  gland  is  present,  but  cartilaginous 

element  is  absent  from  the  penis. 

Locality. — Sydney,  New  South  Wales  (Sempei',  from  Diimel,  (Jodeffroy 
Museum)  ;  Port  Jackson,  New  South  Wales  (  Australian  Museum)  ;  ?  New 
Guinea  (Tappai-one  Canefi'i). 

UnCHIHIUM     FUN(ilKOR.MK,    Sfantsrliiilsli-I/. 

( hir/iiiliinn  finnjifonin',  Slantschinsky,  Zool.  .I;i  lirl)  ,  Syst.,  xx  v.,  l!'07,  p.  371, 
taf.  xii.,  figs.  4-6. 

l<].rh'nial  clianicter,<. — ^'I'lie  body  is  egg  shaped,  back  not  strongly 
arched.  The  greatest  breadtli  is  across  the  anterior  part.  The  hyponota 
aie  sloping,  and  are  much  smallei'  than  the  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 
Head  small  aiul  retracted  ;   tent.acles  thin  and  short. 

Average  size:  fiength  2  l'3  mm.,  brt^adth  182  mm.,  height  13  mm.  ; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  10  mm. 


oNciiihiin.i: — i;i;ErNAi.i..  .'U9 

Mmitle  ni-iiljil II fi'. —  Tlic  iiiMiitle  is  more  oi'  less  tliickl}'  beset  witli 
qraiiiiles  and  papilliv.  1  ii  tlui  middle  field  lliey  aie  spiiisely  anaii<,'ed,  but 
ill  tlie  outer  field  t.lie}-  ate  dense  ;  tlie  j)apilla'  of  the  middle  field  are 
smaller  and  inoi-e  letraeled  llisin  those  in  the  outer  field,  which  are  hu'jrer 
and  stand  erectly.  The  j>apilla3  may  bear  fi-om  three  to  four  eyes.  The 
areas  between  the  papilhv  are  finely  granulated. 

Colour. — The  li^rouiid  colour  of  the  mantle  is  olive  ;  a  darker  f)atch 
occupies  the  midille  field,  and  the  papilla?  are  of  a  darker  hue  than  tlie 
ijround  coloui',  and  some  of  them  have  a  distinct  rin^^  of  darkei'  colourinj^ 
near  the  ape.x.  The  ground  colour  is  more  distinctly  seen  on  the  anterior 
part  of  the  body,  while  the  outer  field  becomes  rather  darker  in  colour 
because  of  the  arrangement  of  the  papilla^  in  this  ai'ea.  The  underside  is 
light  brown,  only  the  head  and  prominent  lips  being  darker. 

Fosition  of  openinijs. — The  anus  is  situated  on  a  small  papilla  and  is 
not  protected  by  the  foot  sole  ;  the  resi)iiatory  opening  in  the  median  line 
is  about  1  mm.  from  the  anal  papilla.  Male  and  female  openings  typical 
of  the  genus. 

Anatoiiiij. — Desci'ibed  and  figured  by  Stantschinsky. 

in'roiqi  (•haracfer. —  Appendicular  gland  and  cartilaginous  element 
absent  from  the  penis. 

Local'tty. — Queensland  (type  locality,  Stantschinsky). 

ONCHiDruM   ciNERKU.M,  Quoij  Kiid  GainuinJ. 

Oiicliidiinit  ciiiereuiii,  Quoy  and  Gaimai'd,  Voy.  "  Astrolabe  ",  Zool.,  ii., 
1832,  p.  661,  pi.  XV.,  fig.  29.  Id.,  Semper,  Reis.  im  Arch.  Phil.,  iii., 
Landmoll.,  vi.,  1882,  p.  280,  taf.  xx.,  fig.  11,  taf.  xxiii.,  tig.  LS.  LI., 
Deshayes,  Anim.  sans  Vert,,  2nd  ed.,  vii.,  1836,  p.  710. 

( hichideJhi  chierea  (Quo}"  and  Gaimard),  Gray,  Fig.  Moll.  An.,  iv.,  1850, 
p.  117.      Id.,  H.  and  A.  Adams,  Gen.  Rec.  Moll.,  ii.,  1858,  p.  234. 

E,cfer)i(d  rJnir((cterf<.- — Body  rounded  and  depressed.  Head  large, 
tentacles  small  and  conical.  Mantle  boiders  smooth.  Hyponota  smaller 
tlian  the  greatest  vvidtli  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Length  13  mm.,  bieadth  95  mm.,  height  7  mm.; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  6  mm. 

Mantle  .'^cnljitirre. — The  mantle  is  liberally  covered  with  papillse,  a 
number  of  which  is  set  in  depressions  which  cause  them  to  assume  a 
lateral  direction.  Thiee  to  foui'  eyes  ai'e  borne  on  most  of  the  papilliv. 
The  area  between  the  papilla^  is  tinel}'  granulated. 

Colour. — The  ground  colour  is  a  light  brown,  while  a  few  flecks  of 
darker  colouring  may  form  an  irregular  pattern  in  some  examples.  The 
underside  is  regularly  a  dirty  yellow  colour. 

Fosifio)!,  of  upciiiiifjs. — Typical  of  tlie  genus. 

Anatomy. — Described  and  figured  by  Semper. 

Group  character. — Cartilaginous  hooks  and  tube  absent,  but  a  cartila- 
ginous support  is  present  with  the  appendicular  gland. 

Londitij. — Tonga  Tabu,  South-western  Pacific  (Quoy  and  Gaimard  ; 
Semper,  Godeli'roy  Museum). 


320  HFX'ORDS    OP    THE    ACSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Oncis  cinerea,   Odhuer. 

Oiicis  cinerea,  Odhner,  Kuiigl.  Sv.  Vet.   Akademieiis  Haudlingar,    Hi.,    16, 
1917,  p.  73,  pi.  iii.,  figs.  75,  76. 

"  Body  depressed,  rounded  ovate  with  tlie  notaeum  densely  papillose 
with  rather  regularly  scattered  small  and  lai'ge  papilla?.  Eyes  only  about 
15,  wide  apart  from  each  other,  occupying  chiefly  the  median  part  of  the 
notaeum.  Hypouotnm  smooth,  its  breadth  about  1  of  tlie  foot  sole.  Anus 
free,  immediately  behind  the  foot  end.  Respiratory  orifice  in  the  median 
line,  at  of  the  breadth  of  the  hyponotum  from  the  anal  pore.  Colour 
greyish,  with  a  blackish  dorsal  stripe  and  an  ovate  blackish  girdle  round 
the  median  part  of  the  back  ;   toward  the  margin  black  dots. 

Dimensions  :  length  1>,  breadth  85,  height  3  mm.  Locality  Broome 
(Western  Australia)  in  the  mangrove  mud  (18/6/1911).      1  sp. 

Though  this  specimen  might  only  be  a  young  individual,  it  cannot  be 
referred  to  any  of  the  9  known  species  constituting  the  genus  Oiin's  (cf. 
Stautschinsky  1907).  With  respect  to  its  shape,  it  shows  close  relation  to 
U.  martensi,  Plate,  which  has,  however,  a  uniform  lemon  colour.  Accord- 
ing to  Stautschinsky  (1907),  Oncidliuii  and  Oucis  are  '  richtiger  als  durch 
Ubergangsmerkmale  zusammenhangende  Subgenera  anzusehen'  ". 

OnCIS   chameleon.   Brazier. 
(Plate  xxxviii.,   figs.   1-4.) 

Onchidium  chameleuii,  Brazier,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  x.,  1886,  p.  729. 

Id.,  Tenison   Woods,   Journ.    Roy.   Soc.    N.S.Wales,    xxii.,    2,    1888, 

p.   170-171.     Id.,   Lendenfeld,   Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  x.,  1886, 

p.  730. 
(Jncis    chameleon     (Brazier),    Hedley,    Journ.    Roy.    Soc.    N.S.Wales,    li. 

(Suppl.),  1918,  p.  M95. 

E.I  tenia}  rharacters. — Body  elongate  oval,  back  not  strongly  arched. 
Mantle  borders  smooth.  Hyponota  smaller  than  the  gi-eatest  width  of 
the  foot  sole.  Head  small,  tentacles  short  and  conical  and  ringed  ;  eyes 
at  the  tips  black. 

Average  size:  Length  38  nun.,  bieadth  22  mm.,  height  17  mm.; 
gi'eatest  width  of  tlie  foot  sole  15  mm. 

Ma)itle  ftrnlptii re.  -The  mantle  is  regularly  and  finelv  granulated 
over  the  "whole  surface.  No  dorsal  eyes  are  present,  and  branchial  i)liimes 
are  absent. 

(Jiil.ov.r. — The  ground  colour  above  is  olive  ;  two  yellow  and  prominent 
lines  four  mm.  apart  at  the  insides,  originate  two  mm.  from  the  anterior 
edge  of  the  mantle,  and  run  backwards  to  join  in  a  V,  five  mm.  from  tlie 
posterior  edge  of  the  mantle.  Yellow  patches  of  variable  shapes  form  an 
irregular  patterning.  The  foot  and  the  head  are  yellowish  in  colour,  and 
the  underside  of  the  mantle  is  bluish-bhick. 

Position   of  opoiiinjs. — Typical  of  the  genus. 

(xroap  charartcr. — Appendicular  gland  and  cartilaginous  element 
absent  from  the  penis. 


ONi'lllliIll'.F^ni.'ETNAI. 


321 


0/;,s'. — No  examples  of  tliis  species  wi're  in  the  colleotions  of  the 
Australinii  Museum,  and  only  a  lew  were  collected  hy  the  author,  Mr.  John 
Hiazier,  who  at  later  dates  could  not  find  further  examples.  From  hJH 
statements  it  would  seem  probable  that  the  types  and  co-types  were 
dissected  by  vou  Lendenfeld,  as  a  result  of  wliich  his  paper  was  written. 
1  collected  two  specimens  in  June  1918,  one  of  which  becomes  the  meta- 
type  in  the  collections  of  the  Australian  Museum. 

Ainttoiin/. —  Opened  from  the  dorsal  surface  the  viscera  is  seen  (PI. 
xxxviii.,  tig.  1)  compactl}'^  massed  in  a  well  defined  mantle  cavity;  tlie 
anatomy  does  not  possess  any  extra-ordinaiy  featuies  compared  with  the 
described  anatomy  of  other  species  of  this  genus. 

Aliwenfari/  si/nti'in. — The  mouth  is  two  mm.  in  length  formed  by 
lounded  lips.  The  bulbus  pharyngeus  is  strong  and  large,  flattened  on  tlie 
lower  side  and  otherwise  rounded.  Tlie  radula  is  deep  brown  in  colour, 
a!id  the  dental  formula  diffei's  with  its  shape  ;  a  complete  anterior  row 
having  90  :  1  :  96  while  the  central  and    posterior  rows   liave    1:56  :  1  :  136 


Fig.  I. 


(Fig.  1).  There  is  no  definite  jaw  hut  strong  dagger  shaped  palatal 
plates  are  present.  The  oesophagus  leads  from  the  bulbus  phaiyn- 
geus  to  turn  slightly  to  the  left,  between  the  large  and  yellowish  salivary 
glands.  The  first  stomach  is  small,  and  its  internal  walls  have  deep 
furrows  in  w^hicli  are  situated  minute  papillfe  of  irregular  arrange- 
ment; the  opening  of  the  hepatic  duct  is  small  and  does  not  seem  to  be 
muscularly  controlled.  The  second  stomach  is  considerably  larger  than 
the  first,  and  the  furrows  of  the  first  stomach  continue  to  line  the  walls  of 
the  second.  A  short  neck  connects  the  second  stomach  to  the  thii-d 
stomach  ;  this  latter  is  large  and  pear  shaped,  with  lamellated  walls,  and 
leads  by  the  narrower  posterior  end  to  the  intestine,  at  two  ram.  from  the 
commencement  of  which  is  a  widened  ampulla,  which  Cuvier  considered 
to  be  an  especial  stomach. 

The  liver  is  tri-lobed  and  dirty  yellowish  in  colour,  occupying  a  large 
part  of  the  visceral  mass.  The  anterior  lobe  is  concavo-convex  in  shape 
and  its  surface  is  traversed  by  slight  furi-ows  ;  the  lower  lobe  is  the 
smallest  of  the  three,  and  the  ducts  leading  to  the  hepatic  duct  p,re,  as  this 


322  RECORDS  OF  THE  AUSTRALIAN'  MDSEt'M. 

latter  is,  strong  and  elastic.  The  posterior  liver  is  very  large  \\itli  a 
furrowed  surface.  The  bile  duct  leading  to  the  second  stomach  is  free  for 
15  mm.  of  its  length. 

Vdscnlar  t^iisfeni. — The  heart  is  contained  in  a  thin  Nvalled  pericardium, 
the  walls  of  which  ai'e  fused  with  the  lung  posteriorly.  The  ventricle  is 
35  mm.  in  length  and  the  atrium  four  mm.  The  aortic  valves  are  con- 
spicuous, and  with  the  atrio-ventricular  valves  are  crescentic  in  shape. 
The  blood  for  at>i"ation  is  conducted  from  the  sinus  venosus  by  the  sinus 
laterales,  and  the  sinus  pediaeus  mediauus ;  and  after  aeration  is  passed 
to  the  atrium  via  the  pulmonary  veins. 

Nervuiis  systoti. — The  central  nervous  ganglia  is  contained  in  a  capsule 
of  connective  tissue,  and  is  situated  above  the  oesophagus;  upper  and 
lower  divisions  are  discernible  connected  by  comniisures.  The  upper  or 
cerebral  ganglion  gives  off  the  nervus  tentacularis  to  the  tentacle,  and 
from  this  the  thin  nervus  opticus  originates.  A  delicate  set  is  separable 
into  nervi  velares,  nervi  orales,  nervi  labiales  and  a  distinct  nervu«  bulbus 
pharyngens,  while  a  nervus  genitalis  externus  turns  sharply  downwards 
to  the  penis.  From  the  lower  ganglion  a  delicate  network  includes  the 
origin  of  the  pleural  ganglia  and  the  stronger  pedal  ganglia  from  which 
tha  pedal  branches  arise.  The  buccal  ganglion  is  triangular  in  shape  and 
is  much  longer  than  the  neighbouring  ganglia,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  commisures  ;  two  branches  arise  to  innervate  the  oesphagus  and  the 
salivary  glands. 

Bespiratory  system. — The  lung  is  large  and  soft  grey  in  coloui',  the 
outer  walls  fusing  with  the  inner  side  of  the  mantle,  and  the  anterior 
walls  with  the  pericardium.  The  inner  walls  are  very  spong)^  in  texture, 
and  are  covered  with  a  thin  tissue  which  is  continued  into  the  respiratory 
tube  opening  on  the  lower  inner  side. 

Excretory  system. — Associated  with  the  lung  is  a  small  yellowish 
kidney,  with  a  very  narrow  urinary  chamber.  The  organ  of  l^ojanus  does 
not  seem  to  be  present.  The  intestinal  system  is  detailed  under  the 
Alimentary  system. 

Reprodnctliw,  system. — On  lifting  the  visceral  mass,  the  genital  mass 
is  seen  to  occupy  about  a  quarter  of  the  anterior  area  of  the  bod}-  ;  the 
whole  is  covered  and  connected  by  membrane,  which  is  easily  removed 
with  a  needle  point.  The  yellowish  seminal  bladder  protiudes  well  into 
the  mantle  cavity,  and  the  hermaphrodite  duct  is  conspicuous  by  its  size, 
yellowish  colour  and  deep  convolutions.  It  is  somewhat  spherical  in  shape 
and  the  main  ducts — the  female  leading  to  the  albuminiparons  gland 
and  the  male  to  the  vas  defeiens — are  thick  and  strong.  The  vas  deferens 
accompanies  the  vagina,  to  which  it  is  connected  by  membrane,  as  tar  as 
the  female  genital  opening,  and  from  here  it  goes  deeply  into  the  body 
wall  and  becomes  free  again  near  the  opening  of  the  dait  gland,  continuing 
from  here  as  a  more  thickened  coil  to  the  penis.  The  penis  is  sausage 
shaped  and  about  four  mm.  in  length  ;  no  appendiculai'  gland  or  cartila- 
ginous hooks  are  apparent. 

fllstnlogy. — The  histology  of  the  dorsal  tubeicles  of  the  ( hicliiih'idn 
has  been  adniiiably  wojked  by  Semper,  and  compared  in  this  species  by 
Tiendenfeld  and  Teiiison  Woods. 

Locality. — Lane  Cove  Hiver  (Port  Jackson). 


u.NOiiimin.f — i:i;ftnai.i..  32:j 

OnCIS    CORIACKA,   iSi'iiiper. 

OnrJn'tli'iitii    rorideeuni.  Semper,    Reis.   im   Arcli.    Phil.,   iii.,  Laiulinoll.,  vi., 

1882,  p.  271,  taf.  xix.,  fips.  1,  16,  taf.  xxi.,  fig.  7,  taf.  xxiii.,  fig.  12. 
(hirix  roridcea   (Semper),    v.   Martens   in    Webei-,   Krgebnisse,  iv.,  1897,  p. 

127.      Ill,  Plate,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Anat.,  vii.,  189.S,  p.   185. 
?  Onehidiiihi    tiqrinnm    (Stoliczka),    Semper,    Ileis.    ini    Arch.    Phil.,    iii., 

Landmoll.,'  v.,  1880,  p.  271. 
?  Onchid'iam   viannoratum    (Lesson),    Semjter,    Reis.    im    Arch.   I'liil.,   iii., 

Landmoll.,  vi.,  1882,  p.  271. 
.'' Oiicifliinn    niurmorafiiiii    (Lesson),    Plate,   Zool.   Jahrb.,  Anat.,    vii.,  l89o, 

p.  185. 

E-ytennil  rhiiructeri^. — Body  oval,  somewhat  depressed.  Head  laige, 
tentacles  veiy  long  and  slightly  lobed  at  the  tips.  Mantle  borders  smooth. 
Underside  flat.      Hyponota  smaller  than  the  greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size:  Length  47  mm.,  breadth  27  mm.,  height  L5  mm.; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  10  mm. 

Maiifle  scid2^tiiiT. — The  mantle  is  finely  granulated  between  a  number 
of  short  conical  papillae,  some  of  which  bear  eyes  in  varying  numbers. 

CoJanr. — The  ground  colour  of  tlie  mantle  is  olive,  with  an  irregulai- 
darker  pattern  ;   the  undeiside  is  regularly  yellowish. 

Position  of  ope)i.iiigs. — Typical  of  the  genus. 

Anatomy. — Described  by  Plate. 

Gronp  character. — Anterior  portion  of  the  penis  witli  small  cartilaginous 
hooks  ;  a  cartilaginous  tube  is  present. 

Locality. — Brisbane,  Queensland  (Semper,  Godeffroy  Museum)  ; 
Finclie's  Bay,  Cooktown,  Queensland  (AustraliaTi  Museum). 

Oncis   lata,  Plate. 

Oncis  lata,  Plate,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Anat.,  vii.,  1893,  p.  189,  taf.  vii.,  fig.  2.     Tel, 
V.  Martens  in  Weber,  Ergebnisse,  iv.,  1897,  p.  127. 

E.i'tental  characters. — Body  bi'oadly  oval,  almost  circular  and  moder- 
ately high,  but  not  strongly  arched.  Head  small,  tentacles  short  and 
conical.  Mantle  borders  smooth.  Hyponota  smaller  than  the  greatest 
width  of  the  foot  sole. 

Average  size  :  Length  29  mm.,  breadth  27  mm.,  height  17  mm.  ; 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  8  mm. 

Mantle  sculpture. — The  mantle  is  regulaily  covered  with  granules 
and  papillae.  The  papillas  are  conical  in  shape,  and  standing  one  mm.  in 
height  and  from  four  to  five  mm.  apart  give  the  mantle  a  prickly  appear- 
ance.     Eyes  are  present  on  all  the  papilla?. 

Colour. — The  ground  coloui-  of  the  mantle  is  brown  ;  a  pattern  is 
foi-med  by  irregularly  shaped  and  placed  white  flecks.  The  foot  is  dirty 
grey  in  colour,  while  the  hyponota  aie  olive  verging  to  a  darker  area 
around  the  mantle  border. 

Piisittiiii  (if  opeiiimis. — The  anal  [lapilla  is  lai'ge  but  not  high  ;  the 
resj)iratoiy  opening  in  the  median  line  is  closer  to  the  mantle  border  than 
to  the  papilla.      Male  and  female  genital  openings  typical  of  the  genus. 


324  REConits  of  the  Australian  mdsfum. 

Anatonnj. — Described  aud  figured  by  Plate. 

Group  cli((ri(cter. — Anterior  portion  (jf  the  penis  sinootli  and  witliout 
hook($  ;  a  cartilaginous  tube  is  present. 

Localifi/. — New  Britain,  South-western  Pacific   (Plate). 

OXCUIUELLA    PATKLLOIDKS,   QllOlJ  mid  (I'diiiuird. 

Oiirliidium  pateUoides,    Quoy    and    Gainiaid,   Vo}'.  "Astrolabe",   Zool.,   ii., 

1832,  p.   212,   pi.   XV.,  figs.   21-28.      Id.,  Dieffenbach,  Travels  in   N. 

Zealand,  ii.,  1843,  p.  247.     Id.,  Martens,  Crit.  List.  Moll,  of  N.Zealand, 

1873,  J).  39.      /(/.,  Semper,  lleis.  ini    Arc^h.    Phil.,    iii.,  r^andmoll.,    vi., 

1882,  p.  279. 
( hiridii'Jht  jndflloidefi  (Quuy  and  Gainiard),  Wissel,  Zoiil.  Jahrb.,  Syst.,  xx., 

1904,  p.  667,  pi.  XXV.,  figs.  75-77. 
Oiirliidelln    iiidelliiidex    (Quoy    and    Gaiinard),    Hutton,    Man.    N.Zealand 

Moll.,   1880,  p.  28.      Id.,  Suter,  Man.  N.Zealand   Moll.,    1913,  p.  813, 

pi.  xxxii.,  fig.  4. 
Uiichidella  jiatellvidea    (Quo}'  and    Ciainiard),    H.  &  A.  Adams,  Gen.    Rec. 

Moll.,  ii.,  1858,  p.  234. 
OiirhidhiDi    reticuhitHrn,   Semj)ei',  Reis.  im    Arch.  Phil.,  iii.,  Landmoll.,  vi., 

1882,  p.  278,  taf.  xx.,  fig.  6,  taf.  xxi.,  figs.  16,  20,  23,  taf.  xxiii.,  fig.  1. 
Oncldiella  rettcidata  (Semper),  Plate,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Anat.,  vii.,  1893,  p.  205. 
Oiiclidelld  patellnlde  (Quoy  and  Gainiard),  Gray,  Fig.  Moll.  An.,  iv.,  1850, 

p.  117. 

I'J. denial  character. — Body  oval,  back  elevated.  Mantle  border  more 
or  less  notched.  Head  small,  tentacles  short  and  conical.  Hyponota 
wrinkled  and  nearly  the  same  width  as  that  of  the  foot  sole.  Hyponotal 
line  distinct. 

Average  size:  Length  26  mm.,  breadth  17  mm.,  height  8  mm., 
greatest  width  of  the  foot  sole  12  mm. 

Matitle  sciiliitiire. — The  mantle  is  finely  granulated  between  a  variable 
number  of  large  papillne  ;  marginal  glands  may  be  prominent  and  whitish 
in  cdIoui',  and  nutnbeiing  from  sixteen  to  twenty. 

('iiloiir. — The  ground  colour  of  the  mantle  is  yellowish  brown  ;  a 
variable  pattern  is  piesented  in  diffeient  specimens,  radiating  black 
streaks  being  often  conspicuous  ;  bnt  the  streaks  may  vaiy  in  depth  of 
colour  and  may  be  almost  inconspicuous. 

The  front  of  the  head  is  black;  the  rest  of  the  underside  being 
regulaily  gieyish  white.  As  mentioned  above  the  maiginal  glands  are 
whitish  in  coloui',  and  in  some  cases  are  very  consj)icuous  against  the 
darker  background. 

Posifioi  nf  oiieiiiiKjs. — The  anal  papilla  is  protected  by  the  tail  of  the 
foot  sole ;  the  respiratory  opening  in  the  median  line  is  close  to  the  anal 
papilla.      Male  and  female  genital  openings  typical  of  the  genus. 

Avcitoun/. — Desci'ibed  by  Wissel,  Semper,  Hutton  ajid  Suter. 

itraiij)  i-lniractf'r.  —  A j)pen(liculai'  gland  and  caitilnginous  element 
absent. 

0//.S-. — An  examination  of  a  series  of  specimens  fi'om  New  Zealand, 
Port  Jackson  and  Tasmania,  shows  a  considerable  variation  in  the  colouring, 


oNCiiiiiiin.i-: — i:i;ktnai,i..  325 

especially  ill  the  |)a(toriiiii<;-,  wliicli  varies  I'lDiii  t  hat  of  (^iioy  and  ( iaiiiiaid's 
figure  to  that  of  Seiiiper's  (>.  ii'liciildhtiii.  1  have  no  iloiiht  that  (J.  ifllc- 
nlafiiiii,  Semper,  is  synonyinous  with  this  species,  and  from  Couthony's 
tigure  of  (>.  nmnjiitnta  this  species  must  be  very  closely  related. 

LtK'idUii. — -Port  Jackson,  New  South  Wales  (Hedley)  ;  Lauuceston, 
Tasmania  (Simsoii  and  Bretnall,  Australian  Museujn);  Sydney  (Semper, 
as  (}.  rcticitli(linn  ;  Museum  Godeft'roy).  Previously  recorded  fi'om  North 
and  Soutli  Islands  of  New  Zealand,  and  (Chatham    Island. 

On'CHIDINA   AUSTKAi.is  ((irav,  m.s.),  Sciiijifr. 

( hicliiiliuti  Kiis/nilis  (Ciray,  m.s.).  Semper,  Keis.  im  Arch.  I'hil.,  iii.,  Land- 
moll.,  vi.,  18S2,  p.  287,  taf.  xix.,  figs.  14,  15,  laf.  xxi.,  fig.  27,  taf. 
xxiii.,  tig.  10. 

(hieidiuif  (instriili><  ((Jray,  Semper),  Plate,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Anat.,  vii.,  1893, 
p.  208. 

Oiichidella,  .•<j).  Schmeltz,  Cat.  Mus.  Godeffroy,  v.,  187-i,  p.  96,  No.  1843. 

E.i'tennil  characters. — Body  oval,  back  strongly  arched.  Underside 
flat.  Head  medium  in  size,  tentacles  short.  Mantle  borders  smooth. 
No  hyponota. 

Average  size  :   Length  30  mm.,  breadth  13  mm.,  height  10  mm. 

iLuitle  sculpt K re. — -The  mantle  is  finely  granulated  between  irregularly 
placed  papillje;  the  latter  stand  from  three  to  four  mm.  apart,  and  appear 
whitish  in  colour  against  the  ground  colour  of  the  mantle. 

Colour. — Ground  coloui'  of  the  mantle  olive,  with  a  pattern  of  irregu- 
larl}''  placed  spots  or  flecks  of  a  darker  colour  sometimes  present ;  the 
papillae  as  mentioned  are  whitish  in  colour,  and  a  dark  grey  border  runs 
around  the  body  close  to  the  mantle  border.  The  underside  of  the  head 
and  foot  are  reddish-grey ;  the  boi-der  of  the  mantle  extends  to  the 
underside  and  has  the  same  depth  of  colour. 

Fositloii  of  ojteiiiiigs. — The  anus  is  in  the  median  line,  while  the 
respiratory  opening  is  close,  but  to  the  right  of  it.  The  male  genital 
opening  is  typical  of  the  genus;  the  female  genital  opening  is  also  typical 
but  Ijnng  vei-y  close  to  the  anus. 

Aiiiitoni y. — Described  by  Sempei'  and  Plate. 

(jlrotiji  character.- — Apjtendicular  gland  absent,  but  cartilaginous  hooks 
and  tube  are  present  in  the  penis. 

Localities.  —  Bi'isbane,  Queensland  (Sempei-,  (Jodeffroy  Museum)  ; 
Viti,  South-western  Pacific  (Semper,  Godeffioy  Museum)  ;  South  Seas 
(Semper,  Kiilliler)  ;   Noumea,  New  Caledonia  (Australian  Museum). 


The  following  species  are  described  from  the  South-western  Pacific. 
No  examples  aie  in  the  Australian  Museum,  and  their  anatomy  has  not 
been  elaborated  by  their  authors  or  by  subsequent  workers.  From  the 
figures  and  descrijitions,  deficient  as  they  ai-e  in  detail  of  a  specific 
character,  comparison  will  be  rendered  difficult  without  access  to,  or  a 
re-description  from  the  types. 


826  REConns  of  the  Australian  MrsF.rM. 

PeRONIA    CORPHLENTA,    <ii>il}<l. 

Feroiiia  rorpitlenta,  (Jonlil,  Wilkes  U.S.  Expl.  E.xped.,  xii.,  1852,  Moll., 
p.  293,  pi.  xxii.,  tjc;s.  385,  385a.      Id.,  Ofcia  Oonclioloo^iea,  1862,  p.  226. 

/  Oncidium  peruiii  (Cuvier),  Plate,  Zool.  Jalirb.,  Aiiat.,  vii.,  1894,  p.  172. 

Ouchidella  rorpiilciifd  (Gould),  H.  &  A.  Adams,  Geii.  Rec.  Moll.,  ii.,  1858, 
p.  234. 

iJesrriptioit. — "Auimal  elongate  oval, somewhat  truncated  in  front,deep 
Rea  green  above,  olivaceous  beneath  ;  foot  pale  ;  back  arched,  bearing 
numerous  large,  elevated,  rounded  tubercles,  witli  smaller  intervening 
ones  ;  mai-gins  undulated  ;  hood  projecting  bejond  the  body,  broad  as  the 
body  ;  heart  lobed  ;  lobes  circular  ;  simj)le  and  deep  green  above,  somewhat 
violaceous  beneath  ;  mouth  quite  small,  orange  ;  tentacles  linear,  rather 
stout  and  long,  green  ;  foot  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  body.  Length 
two  inches  ;   breadth  one  inch  ;  height  \  inch. 

A  large  species,  somewhat  irregular  in  outline."      (Lionhi). 

Obs. — This  species  has  been  referred  to  Uurhidiuin  pero)tii,  Cuvier,  in 
this  paper. 

Locality. —  Direction  Island,  Fiji. 

Peronia  acinosa,  (iould. 

Peroiila  acinosa,    Gould,    Wilkes  U.S.  Expl.  Exped.,   xii.,   1852,   Moll.,    p. 

291,  pi.  xxi.,  fig.  384,  384a.     Jd.,  Otia  Conchologica,  1862,  p.  226. 
Ouchidella  acinosa   (Gould),   H.   &    A.    Adams,   Gen.  Rec.  Moll.,  ii.,  1858, 

p.  234. 

Description. — "Animal  elongated,  evei'vwhere  closely  covered  with 
lai'ge  rounded  papillae  of  a  deep  beryl  green  colour,  sliaded  in  the  inter- 
stices with  amethystine  :  the  same  colouring  is  found  below,  except  the 
foot,  which  is  a  slaty  violet,  half  the  width  of  the  body.  Body  attenuated, 
apparently  somewhat  cylindrical,  equally  and  acutely  I'ounded  at  both 
ends.     Tentacles  dark  blue. 

Length  nearly  an  inch  and  a  half;   breadth    three    fifths  of  an    inch. 

A  fhie  species  having  a  niulbeiry  like  surface,  and  also  remarkable 
for  its  unusually  dark  colours,  the  general  colour  being  of  an  ameth3'stine 
blue,  somewhat  darker  than  the  i-ounded  pa{)illrt\ 

Loc((//^?/.— Fiji."      (donld). 

Onchidium   ferkuoineum,  Lesson. 

Onchidium  ferrugineiun,   Lesson,  Voy.  "Coquille,"  Zool.,  ii.,  1830,  [).  :>()0. 

Id.,   Gray,   Moll.    Auim.,  iv.,   1850,   p.    117.      LI.,   Semper,   Reis.   im 

Arch.  Phil.,  iii.,  Landmoll.,  v.,  1882,  p.  268. 
Peronia  ferrui/inea    (Lesson),   H.   &   A.  Adams,  Gen.  Rec.  Moll.,  ii.,  1858, 

p.  235. 

This  Onchidinm  is  closely  related  to  that  of  M.  de  Blainville.  It  is 
eighteen  lines  in  length.  Its  mantle  is  thick  and  Heshy,  and  over  Mowing 
the  foot,  that  is  to  say  its  sides  are  nearly   vertical.     The  upper  part  is 


ii\rilllilIL>.t:  -  Ifl.'KTXAM,.  :j27 

I'eil,  coveied  with  piipillse,  ttesiiy  coiiiixessed  aiul  cionical  when  viewed 
thix)ng'h  the  inicioscupe.  The  tout  is  Imitr,  oval,  and  ending  in  a  point, 
and  somewhat  rounded  in  front;  it  is  yellowisli  white  in  coh)ur.  In 
juvenile  specimens  the  jiait  between  tlie  mantle  and  the  foot  is  l)hick. 
The  head  is  large  and  striated.  The  two  eye  tentacles  are  short  and 
situated  near  the  mantle  border.  The  mouth  is  vertical  and  has  tieshy 
lips.  A  very  conspicuous  groove  lies  by  the  upper  side  of  the  lips  and 
near  the  extremity  of  the  eye  tentacles  ;  this  opening  leads  to  the  oviduct. 
The  penis  is  very  elongated.  It  is  cylindrical,  vei-y  twisted  and  attached 
at  the  posteiior  part  of  the  animal  neai'  the  intestine,  and  rising  upward 
becomes  dilated  near  the  stomach,  and  travels  forwaid  tt)  the  opening  neai' 
the  tentacle.  The  anus  is  in  the  form  of  a  rounded  {)erforation  in  the 
median  line,  and  near  the  posterior  border  of  the  mantle.  The  lung 
occupies  all  the  posterior  portion  of  the  body  of  the  animal.  They  com- 
municate with  exterior  by  the  branchial  plumes ;  these  papilla?  stand 
above  the  papillse  on  the  posterior  part  of  tlie  mantle,  and  consists  of 
short  perforated  tubes,  embedded  in  the  dermal  tissue  of  the  animal. 

This  Oiir/iidiiiDi  is  essentially  marine,  and  we  found  it  many  feet 
below  the  surface  of  the  harbour  at  Dorey,  New  Guinea  (Lassuu). 

Onchidium  atek,  Lcssuu. 

OnchidluiH.  liter,  Lesson,  Voy.  "Coquille,"  Zool.,  ii.,  1830,  p.  300. 

Onoidiella  atra  (Lesson),  Tapparone  Canefri,  Faun.  Mai.  N.Guinea,  1863, 
p.  212. 

Di'scriptinit. — This  OiicJiidiiiiu  is  from  twelve  to  fifteen  lines  in  length, 
oval,  ver}-^  convex  and  somewhat  leddish  on  its  suiface.  Its  mantle  is 
thick  and  f!esh\-  and  overhangs  the  foot.  The  surface  is  lightly  granulated 
with  a  deep  black  coloui"  and  some  small  white  veins.  The  sides  of 
the  mantle  are  thick,  and  lighter  in  colour.  The  foot  is  oval,  transversely 
striated,  pointed  and  notched  at  the  posterior  part  to  receive  the  latter 
part  of  the  intestinal  tube.  At  the  sides  and  on  the  upper  part  of  the 
mantle  are  the  branchial  plumes,  to  communicate  with  the  lungs.  The  two 
eye  tentacles  are  sluut  and  placed  near  the  anterior  border  of  the  mantle. 
The  head  is  "-lobular,  haviiior  below  thick  lips  around  the  mouth  ;  this  latter 
is  rounded  and  small.  The  foot  is  yellow.  The  penis  is  very  long,  cylin- 
drical, twisted  at  the  posterior  part  and  becomes  a  long  contractile  tube 
enveloped  in  a  thick  membrane.  A  tube  connects  with  the  oviduct  at  the 
opening  near  the  right  of  the  foot.  This  Onchidium  inhabits  the  harbour 
of  Dorey,  New  Guinea  (Lesion). 

OXCHIUICM    liUANULOSDM,    Lei>su>l . 

i)i<rliiilii(ui   i/rminlosoiii,   Lesson,   Voy.  lie  la  "Coquille",  Zool.,  ii.,  1830,   p. 

299,  pi.  xiv.,  fig.  2.      /'/.,  Semper,  Reis.  im  Arch.  Phil.,  iii.,  Landmoll., 

v.,  1882,  p.  289. 
( J ni'lt I dium  granulosa  (Lesson),  Gray,  Fig.  Moll.  An.,  iv.,  1850,  p.  117. 
Oiicidiella   granulosa  (Lesson),  Tapparone  Canefri,  Faun.  Mai.  N.Guinea, 

1883,  p.  212. 


328  RKCORDS    OF    THK    AtiyTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Description. — This  species  belongs  to  the  section  of  the  Onchidiida? 
in  which  the  mantle  is  covered  with  prominent  grannies,  having  the 
appearance  of  little  tubercles.  Its  form  is  oval  and  its  dorsal  surface 
convex ;  the  length  varies  from  fifteen  to  eighteen  lines.  The  mantle 
is  arched  and  covered  with  little  warts,  and  the  sides  are  longer  than  the 
foot ;  but  the  thick  undersurface  of  the  mantle  is  quite  loose.  The  foot 
is  thick  and  fleshy  with  transverse  grooves,  and  is  oval.  The  anus  is  a 
large  perforation  at  the  extremity  of  the  mantle,  and  in  the  median  line. 
The  eye  tentacles  are  short  and  cylindrical,  and  dilated  at  the  tips  to 
carry  the  ball  of  the  eye.  For  description  of  this  see  the  Ferruginous 
Onchidium  (0.  ferragineum).  This  mollusc  is  dark  green  above,  lighter  in 
colour  at  the  lower  border  of  the  mantle.  The  foot  is  yellow.  We  found 
it  commonly  on  the  beaches  at  Port  Praslin,  New  Ireland,  and  under  the 
same  circumstances  as  the  preceding  species  (Lessou). 

Oncidiella  pacuydekma,  Plate. 
OiLcidiella  ixichijdermn,  Plate,  Zool.  Jahrb.,  Anat.,  vii.,  Ih93,  p.  204. 

This  species  is  described  by  Plate  from  "Victoria".  The  Australian 
State  is  not  the  locality  fiom  whence  Buccholz  collected  it  ;  and  of  the 
foity-eight  localities  of  this  name  in  a  modern  atlas,  Plate's  species  is 
probably  from  a  Western  Equatorial  African  locality. 

No  <J)i.chidiid(f  have  yet  been  described  fiom  Victoria,  Australia,  but 
it  is  obvious  that  0.  itatelloidet!  should  occur  there. 

Oncidiella  tabulakis,  Tappanme  Canefri. 

(hicidiella  tnhiduris,  Tapparone  Canefri,  Faun.  Mai.  N. Guinea,  1883,  p.  212. 
/  Onclddimn  planatnm  (Quoy  and  Gaimard),  Tapparone  Canefri,  Loc.  cit. 

Obs. — A  short  note  in  Italian  gives  no  specific  data  of  this  species. 
Locality. — Wokan,  Aru  Island. 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XXXVIII. 


Fig  1.  (juris  c/iattieleon,  Brazier,  opened  from  the  dorsal  surface:  iNi. 
loops  of  the  intestine  ;  RS.  receptaculuni  seminis  ;  Avn. 
ampulla  of  the  vas  deferens  ;  cs.  second  stomach  ;  l.  lung  ; 
PS.  posterior  liver ;  al.  anterior  liver ;  hg.  hermaphrodite 
gland. 

Kig.   "2.      OiicU  cliatneleoH,  Brazier,  attached  to  a  piece  of  clear  glass. 

Fig.   3.      0)bcis  rJuinieleon,  Brazier,  from  a  specimen  38  mm.  in  length. 


l\VA\   AUSTU.   MIS..   VOL.    X 1 1 


I'LAii;   AA.\\  II 


R.  W.  Bi;etxatj.  and  .1.  K.  Kixohokn,  Austr.  Museum,  del. 


A    RKVrEW   OV  THK   AISTUALIAN    11  N   SIIKLLS 

Charles   Hki>i,kv,  Assistant  CUu-iitor,  Australian  Museiuii. 
(l*lates  xxxix-xliv.) 

For  a  ceutuiy  Lamarck's  name  ot"  "  7>o//»»/V  dating  from  1801  Inis 
l)eon  employed  tor  the  Tun  shells.  IJnt  Morcli-  pointed  out  that  Tuium  of 
Brunnich,  proposed  in  1772,  to  say  nothing  of  Cuilns,  Bolteu,  introduced 
ill  1798,  had  precedence  and  this  improved  nomeiiclatiue  is  now  genenilly 
ado  J)  ted. 

Tun  shells  are  anunig  the  largest  of  (Jastei'opods,  the  liuge  "  Beer- 
barrel  "  from  New  St»uth  Wales  is  now  I'ecorded  with  a  capacity  nf  four 
and  a  quarter  pints  and  a  length  of  nearl}'  ten  inches.  But  tliis  size  is 
exceeded  by  that  of  a  giant  from  Sicil}',  mentioned  by  lMiilipj>i  ■,  which 
had  a  length  of  eleven  inches. 

For  various  reasons,  not  much  critical  examination  has  been  bestowed 
on  the  Tun  Shells.  Specimens  do  not  often  t)ccur  on  the  beaches,  the 
bulk  of  some  is  inconvenient  for  ordinary  collections  and  yet  their  wide 
range  of  variation  demands  a  large  series  for  satisfactoiy  study.  None 
have  yet  been  recorded  fnnii  the  coasts  of  Tasmania  or  Victoria,  though 
this  deficiency  Avill  pi't)bably  be  remedied  when  the  deeper  waters  of  those 
States  are  searched.  The  appearance  of  an  unknown  species  from  this 
coast  has  induced  the  writer  to  examine  the  series  in  the  Australian 
Museum  aud  to  offer  the  following  review. 

In  an  analysis  of  the  Austi-aliau  species,  the  tropical  T.  perdi.r,  for 
which  Montfort^  created  a  genus,  I'erdri.r,  may  be  distinguished  by  its 
slender  form  and  with  it  may  be  grouped  '/'.  raindicidata.  The  remainder 
may  be  divided  into  those  with  a  toothed  and  reflected  lip,  viz.: — T.  ruftatu, 
Menke,  'T.  parvida,  Tapparone  Canefri,  aud  T.  sulcosa,  Born,  and  those 
with  a  sharp  simple  lip: — T.  anipnlhicea,  Philippi,  T.  rerevisijia,  Hedley, 
T.  cnmingii,  Reeve,  T.  pictn,  Schepman,  T.  tetracotida,  Hedley,  and  T. 
variegata,  Lamarck.  In  the  latter  group  there  is  a  colour  scheme  which 
oscillates  from  spots  to  bands. 

In  1847,  when  in  H.M.S.  "  Rattlesnake,"  the  veteran  collector  John 
MacGillivray  gathered  a  larval  mollusc  a  little  to  the  south  of  Cape  Byron, 
New  South  Wales,  which  he  desci'ibed''  in  a  letter  to  his  friend.  Prof.  E. 
Forbes.  This  was  afterwards  called  MarijilJIrrayia  /iela(jic(i*>,  and  types  of 
it  are  preserved  in  the  Royal  Scottish  Museum,  Edinburgh.  Subsequently 
Dr.  Paul  Fischer''  classitied  ^L  pehujicd  as  a  Duliaiu.  It  would  not  be  wise 
to  attempt  to  identify  this  larval  sliell  with  any  particular  species  of  the 
genus.  The  admission^  of  Tuinui  perdi.v  to  the  fauna  of  New  South  Wales 
as  a  synonym  of  3/.  [lehujica,  following  Dr.  Fischer  is  regretted. 


1  Lamarck — Syst.  Anim.  sans  Vert.,  1801,  p.  79. 

■-'  MiSrch— Malak.  Blatt.,  xviii.,  1871,  p.  16. 

■•  Philippi— Moll.  Sicilite,  i.,  1836,  p.  219. 

*  Montt'ort — Conch.  Syst.,  ii.,  1810,  p.  447. 

'  MacGillivray— Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.  (2),  ii.,  18 IS,  )..  31. 

'•  MacGillivray — Vny.  Kattlesnakt;,  i.,  p.  -IS,  ii.,  J852,  p.  383,  pi.  iii.,  tip. 

'  Fischer — .Tourn.  de  Conch.,  xi.,  1863,  p.  149. 

s  Hedley— Journ.  Koy.  Soc.  N.S. Wales,  Ii.,  1918,  p.  M  68. 


330  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

TONNA    AMPDLLACEA,  PhiUp^i. 

(Plate  xliv.,  fig.  7.) 

Didinni  Kiiiptillaceiuii,  Philippi,  Zeitsclii'.  uuilak.,  ii.,  l845,  p.  It?.  /(/., 
Philippi,  Abbild.  Besclir.,  iii.,  1849,  p.  11,  pi.  ii.  /(/.,  Kuster,  Coiicli. 
Cab.,  1857,  p.  68,  pi.  Ix.  /(/.,  Hauley,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1859,  p.  4-91. 
hi,  Duuker,  Novitat.  Couch.  Mar.,  1867,  p.  105. 

Tiyon  has  reduced  this  to  a  synouym  of  T.  costahi,  but  the  larger  size, 
simple  lip  and  intermediate  i-iblet  of  T.  anipuUdcen  seem  to  me  to  support 
Philippi's  judgment  of  its  independence.  I  cannot  find  that  a  definite 
locality  has  ever  been  recorded  t'oi-  this  rare  species.  So  the  following 
record  of  an  imperfect  example  130  mm.  in  length  obtained  by  Messrs. 
.T.  W.  Christie  and  Godfrey,  is  of  interest. 

Luc. — Point  Charles,  Port  Darwin,  Northern  Territory  (rare). 

ToNNA    CKREVISIXA,   /'.  ^p. 

(Plates  xxxix-.xli.,  figs.  l-;>.) 

Doliinii  rariejatuiii,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  v.,  1849,  pi.  v.,  fig.  7a.  Id., 
Augas,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1867,  p.  197.  /(/.,  von  Martens,  Forsch. 
Cazelle,  iii.,  1889,  p.  263.  Jd.,  Melvill  &  Standen,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc, 
Zool.,  x.wii.,  1899,. p.  164.  Id.,  Roth,  Bull.  N.  Queen.sland  Ethno- 
graphv,  iii.,  1901,  p.  18.  /'/.,  Hedley,  Mem.  Austr.  Mus.,  iv.,  1903, 
p.  341. 

Tonna  variegata,  Hedley,  Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  xxxii.,  1907,  p.  483 
(not  Doliuiu  variecjidniii,  Lamarck). 

Shell  globose,  of  great  size  but  comparatively  light  and  thin.  Whorls 
five  plus  a  turbinate,  horny  protoconch  of  three  whorls. 

Colour. — The  young  shell  is  buff  or  cream,  often  with  three  or  four  pale 
bands  each  as  bi^oad  as  one  or  two  of  the  ribs,  large  dashes  of  burnt  sienna 
are  irregularh*  disposed,  they  are  restricted  to  the  palei-  bands  and  do  not 
transgress  from  the  rib  to  the  gi-oove,  these  spots  vary  in  number  and 
distribution,  being  most  fi-equent  on  the  spire,  on  the  side  of  the  shell  the 
spots  may  be  crowded  till  spaced  by  their  own  Avidth,  or  they  may  be 
scattered  at  the  I'ate  of  four  or  five  to  a  whorl,  they  become  more  rare  in 
the  adult,  which  on  a  buff  ground  is  usually  streaked  and  clouded  with 
.sliades  of  chocolate  and  cinnamon.  The  epidermis  is  thin,  membranous 
and  rather  persistent. 

The  ribs  are  seventeen  to  twenty  in  number,  the  topmost  usually 
double,  six  ribs  continue  on  the  spire,  and  genei-ally  the  ribs  are  broad 
and  flat- topped  with  narrow  interstices,  exceptionally  the  ribs  are  nairower 
and  more  round-backed  and  are  then  parted  by  gi'ooves  as  wide  as  the  ribs  ; 
sometimes  the  ribs  are  obliquely  malleated. 

Aperture  ample,  semi-lunate  ;  outer  lip  simple  ;  inner  lip  a  thin  smear 
of  callus.  Interior  corrugated  by  the  impress  of  the  exteriial  ribbing, 
hazel  or  rufous  in  colour.  Columella  twisted  above,  per])en(licular  bi'low, 
bi'oadly  reflected  ovej-a  wide  spiral  umbilicus,  beyond  which  is  a  j)roiiiinent 
funicle.      Canal  shoif,  up-turned  with  a  wide,  oblique,  U-shaped  notch. 


AI'STKAIIAN     UN    SHKI.l.S Hb:|ll.K^.  '.VM 

|jeiia:Hi,  '240  mm.,  major  diameter,  210  mm.,  minor  diameter,  100 
mm.  Weight,  one  pound,  two  ounces.  Capacity,  lour  and  a  quarter 
pints. 

Probably  Doliinn  niin-(jliii(liiiii,  Pliilippi  and  />.  rcpvci,  Hanle}",  are 
related  to  the  species  under  discussiou  but  the  tignres  of  those  species  do 
not  admit  of  serviceable  comparison. 

Luc. — Tlie  type  specimen  was  taken  by  Mr.  .1.  Bi'azier  in  mud  from 
13  fathoms  off  George's  Head,  Port  Jackson.  The  "Thetis"  took  it 
outside  the  Heads  in  depths  down  to  66  fathoms.  From  Queensland  it  has 
been  reported  from  Moreton  Bay  (Gazelle),  Mast  Head  Lsland  (Hedley), 
Cape  Grafton  (Roth),  and  Torres  Strait  (Haddou). 

TONNA    CKRKVISINA,    Car.   UALRAKIENSl.S,   car.  uav. 

Toiiiia  vari'egata,  Suter,  Manual  N.Zealand  Mollasca,  1918,  p.  814,  pi.  .xlvii. 
(not  Doliioii  variegatain,  Lamarck). 

Compared  to  the  typical  form  from  Sydney,  this  is  a  thinner  shell, 
smaller  and  more  oval  ;  that  is  witli  a  higlier  spire  and  a  diameter  less  in 
proportion  to  height. 

A  specimen  trawled  January,  1919,  in  the  Uanraki  Gulf,  by  the 
Municipal  Fishing-boat  "  Cowan  "  has  five  whorls,  exclusive  of  the  proto- 
conch,  a  height  of  185  mm.,  major  diameter  132  and  a  minor  diameter  of 
110  mm. 

Loc. — North  of  Tanranga   (Nortli  Island),  New  Zealand. 

ToxxA   ccMiMiii,  1,'epce. 

]  toll  mil  cunr'nxjii,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  v.,  1849,  pi.  viii.,  fig.  13b,  13c  (not 
13a).  hh,  Kuster,  Conch.  Cab.,  1857,  p.  77,  pi.  Ixiv.,  fig.  2.  /</., 
Hanlev,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1859,  p.  491.  Id.,  Kobelt,  Jahrb.  deut. 
malakl  Gesell.,  ii.,  1875,  p.  265.  Id.,  Smith,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1891, 
p.  412.     Id.,  Hidalgo,  Revist.  R.  Acad.  Ciencias.,  i.,  1904,  p.  370. 

Dolinm  olean'inii  var.  cKtiiiiup'i,  Tryou,  Man.  Conch.,  vii.,  1885,  p.  262. 
Id.,  Melvill  &  Standen,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1901,  p.  385. 

DoIiiDu  fe.^tardi,  Montrouzier,  Journ.  de  Conch.,  xi.,  1863,  pp.  75,  166,  pi. 
v.,  fig.  6. 

The  picture  by  Reeve  of  this  species  is  not  satisfactory.  By  examin- 
ation of  the  specimens  in  the  Macleay  Museum,  I  find  that  the  record  of 
Poliuni  rJiiiie)i.<-p  irom  Queensland  by  Mr.  Brazier^  is  based  on  this  species. 
A  specimen  from  Port  Stephens  corresponds  well  to  Montrouzier's  excel- 
lent figure.  The  small  dints  on  the  ribs  are  useful  specific  recognition 
marks. 

Lor. — Cape  Grenville  and  Low  Island  (Chevert  Expedition)  ;  Wide 
Bay  (Smith)  :  Moreton  Bay,  Queensland  (Hargraves  coll.)  ;  Port  Stephens 
(Brazier)  :    and  Broken  Bay,  New  South  Wales  (Hargraves  coll.). 

«  Brazier— Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i.,  1877,  p.  234, 


332  RECORDS    OF    THE    AFSTRALIAX    MUSFFM. 

ToxNA  PICTA,  Schepnuui. 

Jhiliiini  pivfinii,  Sehepraan,  Notes  from  the  Lejdeii  Mnsenm,  xv.,  1893,  p. 
276  (Not  Doliiiiji  hitexuh-atnm,  var.  pictn,  Hauler,  Pi'oc.  Zool.  Soc, 
1859,  p.  489). 

Tliis  untigui-ed  species  has,  uatiirally,  not  been  again  recognised.  It 
is  described  as  near  ]).  dnvl-eri,  Hanley,  spotted  on  tlie  earlier  whoi-ls  with 
white  and  brown,  on  the  later  whorls  in'egularly  streaked,  sculptared 
with  hair  like  striiv  and  twenty-thi'ee  ribs.  Si/e  56  x  43  mm.  The  type 
is  ill  the  Leyden  Museum. 

Loc. — ?  New  Holland  (Scliepman). 

TONNA    TETltACOTULA,  sp.   UOV. 

(Plates  xlii.-xliii.,  figs.  4-5.) 

Shell  large,  ovate-globose,  rather  solid.  Spire  conical,  rather  elevated. 
Whorls  five,  plus  a  three-whorled  horny  protocouch ;  after  the  second 
whorl,  the  suture  runs  in  a  continuously  deepening  trench. 

Colmir. — Ground  colour  white  to  pale  orange,  often  uniform  but 
sometimes  three  spiral  bands  of  hazel  brown  are  more  or  less  developed, 
the  uppermost  sometimes  ascending  the  spire,  each  may  cover  a  rib  and 
one  or  both  of  the  adjoining  furrows,  they  are  apt  to  be  evanescent  on  the 
back  of  the  last  Avhorl  and  they  may  be  entirely  absent  ;  when  the  apex  is 
worn  it  appears  blackish  brown.  The  interior  is  white  stained  with 
cinnamon.  The  surface  of  the  shell  is  glossy,  the  whole  corded  with 
nineteen  to  twenty-one  (not  counting  the  interstitial  lublets)  rather  elevated 
ribs,  four  or  five  of  which  ascend  the  spire  ;  those  on  the  base  are  narrow 
and  closer  than  the  others  ;  on  the  fourth  and  fifth  whorls  an  interstitial 
riblet  appears  in  each  main  groove  of  the  upper  half  of  the  shell. 

Aperture  ample,  semilunate  ;  outer  lip  simple,  inner  lip  a  smeai'  of 
callus.  Throat  corrugated  by  the  external  imprint  of  the  ribs.  Columella 
vertical,  smooth,  reflected  over  a  nai-i'ow  spiral  umbilicus.  Snout  twisted, 
spiiallv  grooved  and  decussated  by  growth  stria*.  Canal  notch  not 
]n'odnced. 

Height  (of  type;,  198  mm.,  major  diametei-,  150  mm.,  minor  diameter, 
117  mm.  Another  specimen,  187  ;  150;  105  mm.  Weight  eight  ounces, 
ca])acity  two   pints. 

This  species  seems  to  be  a  i*epresentative  of  7'.  /Ksrinfa,  f i  imi  which 
7'.  tt'traciitiihi  differs  by  much  larger  size,  more  globose  form  and  by  the 
riblet  which  runs  between  the  major  ribs  on  the  shoulder  of  the  shell. 
Besides  in  7'.  fnsrintn,  the  lip  is  sharply  reflected  and  denticulated  and  the 
first  adult  whorl  has  a  reticulated  sculpture  caused  by  radiating  threads 
absent  in  7'.  fpfrarotxlu. 

Inr. — Off  Gi-een  Cape,  New  South  Wales,  40  to  80  fathoms. 

TONXA    VAKIKdATA,  Ltintnrck. 
(Plate  xliv.,  fig.  6.) 
Ihil'nini    viirie<ii(liini,    Lamarck,    An.    s.    vert.,    vii.,    1822,    p.    261.        hi., 
Blainville,   Diet.   Sci.    Nat.,    xxiv.,    1829,   j).    502.      Id.,  Kiener,  Coq. 
Viv.,  1835,  p.  9,pl.  ii,  fig.  3.      /J.,  Menke,   Moll.   Nov.   Holl.,   1843, 
p.  22.      /'/.,  Hanley,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1859.  p.  490. 


APSTKALUN    ITN    SIfEI.I.S HRDT.FIY.  ...i.. 

Tionid    varieguta,   Verco,  Ti-ans.    \{o\.   Hoc.  S.Austr.,  xxxvi.,  l!>02,  p.   210 
(not  D.  r<ifle<f((tuvi  of  Pliilippi,  lieeve,  Tryon  or  Anpas). 

Doh'vm  hlenpvi,  Pliilippi,  Abbild.  Bescli.,  iii.,  1847,  j).  .'i6. 

This,  which  Peroii  collectecl  in  Shark  Bay,  Western  Australia,  was 
the  first  to  be  reported  fi-oni  this  Continent,  but  its  name  and  identity  has 
been  involved  in  much  confusion.  Tjannii'ck  in  1822  completed  by 
dictation,  being  overcome  by  blindness,  his  history  of  invertebrate  animals. 
Here  he  introduced  Peron's  shell  under  the  name  of  Doliinn  vnriiuintitm . 
He  said  that  it  had  a  short  spiie,  that  the  i-ibs  were  close  and  round  backed, 
some  red,  others  white,  the  Avhite  ones  tesselated  with  red  spots  and  that 
the  length  was  two  inches  eight  lines. 

In  1885,  Kiener  figured  as  from  the  Lamarckian  Collection  and  as 
D.  varieijatiiiii,  two  dissimilar  shells,  Dolium,  Plate  ii.,  figs.  ',i  and  8a. 
Observing  this  discre])ancy,  Pliilippi  in  IS-iS  proposed  the  name  of  Jjnliinn 
miuujimdnm  for  Kiener's  figure  oa.  He  continued  in  1847,  b}-  stating 
that  the  remaining  figure  3  was  not  in  accord  with  Lamarck's  description 
and  distinguished  it  as  a  new  species,  Dolium  l:ienerl.  In  support  of  this 
contention  he  pi'esented  original  figures^*^  of  a  shell  that  he  conjectured  to 
be  the  real  D.  vnricyatam.  These  figures  so  closely  resemble  the  type 
figures  of  7>.  rhineiise,  Dillwyuii,  that  I  suggest  their  identity. 

Probably  the  figures  of  Kiener  are  considerably  reduced  and  since 
the  count  of  ribs  in  front  differs  from  behind,  are  also  a  little  inaccurate, 
the  basal  funicle  is  curved  moi'e  like  that  of  Dolinni  fest(trdi,  Montrouzier, 
than  like  that  of  the  shell  hei*e  named  rarlerfatti. 

Philippi's  conclusions  wei^e  not  accepted  by  subsequent  writers ; 
Reeve  in  1849  figured  for  Dolium  varieijntnm  two  different  forms,  neither 
of  which  agreed  with  Kiener's  or  with  Philippi's  meaning  of  Lamarck's 
species.  Tryon  in  1885  considered  that  Dolinni  vnrieffaiuvi  and  D.chineu.<e 
were  varieties  of  one  species.  So  that  by  diffei'ent  authors,  at  different 
times,  at  least  five  diffei'ent  forms  have  been  called  Dolium  i-uriegafmii. 

Oidy  reference  to  the  Lamarckian  type,  now  pi'obably  in  the  Geneva 
Museum,  can  decide  what  D.  nu-ieijfitinu  really  is.  Meanwhile,  as  a  working 
hypotliesis,  1  assume  that  Lamarck  based  his  species  on  a  half-grown 
iiulividnal  of  a  common  Western  Australian  form  ;  that  Kiener  figured, 
though  not  very  accurately,  the  I'eal  D.  varicgata  as  his  fig.  8.  Conse- 
quently I  regard  D.  lieiieri  as  a  synonym  of  D.  varief/atum.  But  which- 
ever view  be  taken  of  the  identity  of  D.  vnriegKttim,  it  is  improbable  tliat 
Reeve  was  correct  in  embracing  a  giant  species  from  New  South  Wales 
under  that  name. 

In  the  adult  state,  size  alone  will  distinguish  the  species  from  Western 
Austi-alia  and  that  from  New  South  Wales.  A  specimen  of  Toiiim  varie- 
(jutn  of  four  and  a  half  whorls  is  95  mm.  long,  while  one  of  that  now  called 
7'.  cereviniiia  of  four  and  a  half  whorls  is  170  mm.  long.  Besides  7'.  varie- 
ijatii  is  narrower  in  proportion  to  height  and  carries  on  the  upper  half  of 
the  wliorl  an  interstitial  riblet  in  each  groove,  that  is  absent  in  7'.  rererisivn . 


'"   Philippi— .\bbild.  Heschr.,  iii.,  ]847,  pi.  i.,  figs.  2a,  2b. 

'J  Chemnitz — Conch.  Oah.,  xi.,  1795,  pi.  clxxxviii.,  figs.  1804,  1805. 


?,?,i  1;E00I;i>S    op    the    ArSTI.'AI.IAX    MPSEUM. 

Ill  ymxng  stages  tlie  species  are  more  diliicult  to  discriminate,  but  apart 
From  the  proportion  of  size  to  number  of  whorls,  7'.  varlegata  has  the  ribs 
a  little  closer  and  higher  and  the  colour  inclines  to  an  orange  tone. 

The  possibilitj'  is  not  excluded  that  a  complete  geogiaphical  series 
from  tropical  Australia  may  in  future  link  by  intermediate  gradations  the 
small  7'.  van'eiinfa  to  the  large  T.  ceren'sina. 

A  shell  from  Western  Australia  figured  for  this  species  is  rather 
solid,  oval  in  shape,  with  an  elevated  spire.  It  has  four  and  a  half 
whorls,  exclusive  of  the  protoconch  and  is  92  mm.  long,  and  72  mm.  broad. 
On  a  cinnamon  ground  there  are  four  white  bands  carrying  widely  spaced 
chocolate  spots.  Two  immature  shells  from  the  Irwin  River  mouth, 
Western  Australia,  have  similar  colouring.  But  another  specimen  from 
Geraldton,  in  the  same  State,  is  painted  as  in  Kiener's  figure. 

Lor. — The  type  locality  is  Shark  Bay,  Western  Australia. 

T(»\NA    COSTATA,   Metl/a'. 

DnJliDii  costatinii,  Menke,  Syuop.  Meth.  Moll.  [1828, ^"c^e  von  Martens]  ;  ed. 
1830,  p.  63,  for  Martini,  iii.,  pi.  cxviii.,  tig.  1082. 

Dolinm  ('Oi^tntnm,  Deshayes  (anew).  An.  s.  vert.,  2nd.  ed.,  x.,  1S44,  p.  144 
for  Kiener,  Coq.  Viv.,  pi.  iv.,  fig.  6.  Id.,  Reeve,  Conch.  Icon.,  v., 
1849,  pi.  v.,  fig.  8.  Id.,  Kuster,  Conch.  Cab.,  1857,  p.  61,  pi.  Ivi., 
fig.  3,  pi.  Ivii.,  ti^.  3.  Id.,  Martens  in  Mobius,  Faun.  Mauritius,  1880, 
p.  264.  Id.,  Jack  and  Etheiidge,  Geol.  and  Palaeont.  of  Queensland 
and  New  Guinea,  1892,  p.  694.  hi,  Pilsbry,  Cat.  Marine  Moll. 
Japan,  1895,  p.  171.  Id.,  Smith,  Faun.  Maldive  Laccadive,  1904, 
p.  611.  /(/.,  Schepman,  Siboga  Kxped.,  Prosobranchia,  1909,  p.  125. 
Id.,  Odhner,  K.  Sven.  Vet.  Akad.,  vol.  Iii  ,  1917,  j).  11. 

T(nnia  mstutK,  Shii'ley,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Queensland,  xxii.,  l9ll,  [).  98. 

Dollinn  Jiiiesidcidniti,  Hanley,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1859,  p.  489.  Id.,  Hotli, 
North  Queensland  Fthnography,  Bull.,  iii  ,  1901,  p.  18. 

Lor. — I'orres  Strait  (Shirley) ;  Annam  River  mouth  and  Green 
Island  (Hedley)  ;  Cape  Grafton,  Queensland  (Roth);  Broome,  Western 
Australia   (Mjoberg). 

ToNNA    rARvrr-A,  Tapparove  (\niofn'. 

Ifoliiini  jiiiihriiiliiiii,  Bra/ier,  Pi'oc.  iiinn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  i.,  1877,  p.  235. 

Doliiiiii  j'niihriiiin III  \nv.  jnirvuJ iiiu,  Tapparone  Canefi-i,  Bull.  Soc.  Zool. 
Fi-ance,  1878,  p.  257,  pi.  vi.,  fig.  4. 

TniniK  j'lDihriatd,  Shirley,  Proc.  Roy.  Soc.  Queensland,  x.xiii.,  l!»ll,  p.  9S 
(not  Doliwii  Jimbriatnm ,  Sowerby,  Genera  Rec.  Foss.  Shells,  ii.,  1827, 
pi.  ccxlii.,  fig.  2). 

//()(•. — Murray  Island,  Queensland  (Shirley). 


AUSTUAl.IAN    rUN   SlIKl.LS UKDLKY.  :^35 

TONNA     SULCOSA,     llani. 

linn-uiHiii  siil('i,.<itiu,  lioni,  Index  Mns.  Cues.  Viiulob.,  1778,  p.  '280  (//»/<' 
Bniuer,  K.  Akad.  Wiss.,  Ixxvii.,  1S78,  |).  4-3).  hi.,  Honi,  Test.  Mus. 
Caes.  Vimli)h.,  T7S(),  ]^.  "J  11.  /-/.,  Dillwvi.,  Drscr.  CmI.,  ii.,  l8l7, 
p.  584. 

linrclnmii  fiit<ciiit luii,  Jiruguic're,  Kuoycl.  Metli.,  veis,  i.,  178!),  p.  •Jl'.l  (imi 
Bacc.iimiii  f'itai-iitlinii,  Mailer,  lll-i). 

(.'(vdfs  fasciatKs,  Bolteii,  Mus.  Bolt.,  I7i>8,  for  Martini,  iii.,  lig.  lOSl. 

hiiliriDi  fiixi-ial mil,  Lamarck,  .An.  s.  vert.,  vii.,  1822,  p.  260.  /«/.,  Kient-r, 
Coq.  Viv.,  1835,  p.  11,  pi.  iii.,  Kg.  5.  hi..  Reeve,  Concli.  Icon.,  v., 
184!),  pi.  vii.,  tig.  11.  /,/.,  Kuster,  Conch.  Cab.,  1857,  p.  ()2,  pi.  Ivi., 
Hg.  4.  hi.,  Hanley,  Pioc.  Zool.  Soc,  1859,  p.  48!>.  hi..  Drinker, 
index  Moll.  Mar.  Ja]).,  1882,  p.  57.  hi.,  Fischer,  Cat.  M<j11.  indo- 
Chine,  1891.  p.  (>8.  /'/.,  Thurston,  Madras  Museum  liull.,  iii.,  1894, 
p.  124.  hi.,  Hidalgo,  Revist.  R.  Acad.  Cienc;.,  i.,  190+,  p.  370.  hi, 
Hirase,  lllustr.  Thousand  Shells,  No.  1,  1911.,  pi.  v.,  Hg.  19. 

Lnc. — Nickol  Ray,  Western  Ausiralia  (llargraves  coll.). 

ToNN.v    I'Ki.'hix,  Li II lie. 

Jliii-ciinnii  jienli.r,  Liuue,  Syst.  Nat.,  x.,  1758,  p.  734.  /-/.,  Hanley,  Ips. 
Linn.  Conch.,  1855,  p.  240  (cites  Martini,  Couch.  Cab.,  Hg.  1079  as 
typical). 

Gadns  perdi.c,  Bolten,  Mus.  Bolt.,  1798,  p.  150. 

Doliinir  perdix,   Lamarck,   An.   s.  vert.,  vii.,  1822,  p.  261.      Id.,   Quoy  and 

Gaimard,  Voy.  Astrolabe,  Zool.,  ii.,  1833,  p.  598,  pi.  xli.,  tigs.  1-8 
(animal  from  life).  Id.,  Troschel,  Gebiss  der  Sclmecken,  i.,  1863,  p. 
226,  pi.  xix.,  Hg.  3  (radula).  Id.,  Dunker,  Index  Moll.  Mai*.  Jap., 
1882,  p.  58.  Id.,  Watson,  Chall.  Exped.,  Zool.,  Rep.  xv.,  1886,  p. 
412.  Id.,  Melvill  &  Standeu,  Journ.  Linn.  Soc,  Zool.,  xxvii.,  1899, 
p.  164.     Id.,  Schepman,  Siboga  Exped.,  Pro.sobranchia,  1909,  p.  230. 

Toiuiii  perdi.r,  Oliver,  Trans.  N.Z.  Inst.,  xlvii.,  1914  (1915),  p.  529. 

Perdriy  reticiijatas,  Montfort,  Conch.  Syst..  ii.,  1810,  p.  446. 

hoc. — Dirk-Hartog  Island,  Shai-k  Bay,  Western  Australia  (Quoy  and 
Gaimard);   Torres  Sti'ait  (Haddon)  ;   Green  Island,  Queensland  (Hedley). 

ToNXA    I'EiJbix  var.  RtJFA,  IJlaiiiville. 

DolliiiH  ri.ifiiiii,  Ue  Blainville,  Diet.  Sci.  Nat.,  liv.,  1829,  p.  503.  /</., 
Hanley,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1859.  p.  492. 

Loc. — ?  Australasia  (Blainville). 

ToNNA    CANAIilCULATA,   Liliue. 

Iliilld  caiiifliriihdd,  [>inne,  Syst.  Nat.,  .\.,  1758,  p.  727.  /'/.,  Mus.  Ulricae, 
1764,  p.  588.      Id.,  Hanley,  -lourn.  Linn.  Soc,  iv.,  1860,  p.  67. 


336  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Bnccinurti  oleariatu,  Bruguiere,  Eucycl.  Meth.,  vers,  i.,  1792,  p.  248  (uot 
Buccinuiu  oleariuni,  Linu.  Syst.  Nat.,  x.,  1758,  p.  734). 

Doliuin  oleariHiii,  Quoy  aud  Gaimard,  Voy.  Astrolabe,  Zool.,  ii.,  1833,  p. 
600,  pi.  xli.,  fig.  9  (animal  from  life).  Id.,  Desliayes,  An.  s.  vert.,  x., 
1844,  p.  140.  Id.,  Morcli,  Cat.  Coiicli.  Kieralf.",  1850,  p.  13.  Id., 
Sclimeltz,  Cat.  Godeffroy  Mus.,  iv.,  1869,  p.  97.  Id.,  Langdou,  Journ. 
of  Conch.,  i.,  1875,  p.  73.  Id.,  Martens  in  Mobius,  Faun.  MauritiiTs, 
1880,  p.  264.  Id.,  Smith,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc,  1891,  p.  412.  Id., 
Thurston,  Bull.  Madras  Mus.,  iii.,  1895,  p.  124.  /-/.,  Martens, 
Rumphius  gedenkboek,  1902,  p.  117.  Id.,  Smith,  Faun.  Maldive 
Laccadive,  ii.,  1904,  p.  611.  Id.,  Schepman,  Siboga  Exped.  Proso- 
branchia,  1909,  p.  125.  /-/.,  Odhner,  K.  Sven.  Vet.  Akad.,  Vol.  Hi., 
No.  16,  1917,  p.  11. 

Cadiis  cepa,  Bolten,  Mus.  Bolt.,  1798,  p.  150. 

Doliaiu  cepa,  Hanley,  Pi-oc.  Zool.  Soc,  1859,  p.  489. 

The  type  of  this  species  should  be  in  the  Uppsala  Museum,  vSweden. 
Hanley  announced  in  1859  his  discovery  that  the  Linnean  i>.  i-amdicalata 
was  Avhat  almost  all  conchologists  had  erroneously'  called  Dolimu.  olearinm, 
and  that  the  real  Bncciuniu  olcariam  was  that  Japanese  species  which 
Philippi  had  so  beautifully  figured^^  as  Duliniii  creinilatuni.  Zoologists 
have  since  been  deaf  to  Hanley 's  remarks. 

This  common  Oriental  shell  called  the  "  ouion-peel  "  by  the  French, 
has  not  hitherto  been  i-ecorded  from  Eastern  Australia. 

Lor. — Broome,  Western  Australia  (Mjoberg)  and  Trinity  Bay, 
Queensland  (Austr.  Mus.  Coll.). 


^■-  Philippi — Abbild.  Beschr.,  iii.,  1847,  Dolimu,  pi.  i.,  fig.  1. 


EXI'LANATION    OF    I'LATE     XXXIX. 


Fig.  1.  Toutia  cerevisina,  Heclley.  From  the  type,  au  almost  uniform 
brown  shell,  with  five  adult  whorls  in  a  lenefth  of  240  mm., 
taken  in  13  fathoms  in  Sydney  Harbour. 


1{K('.   AIS'I'IL   Mrs.,   VOL.   XII, 


I'l.ATK    XXXIX. 


Fig.  1 


C.  Clution,  plioto.,  Ansir.  Mils. 


EX  r  I. A  NATION    OF    PLATE     XI.. 


Fig.  2.  'round  cereviii'nKt.  A  specimeu  banded  with  browTi  and  wliite 
with  spots  which  are  restricted  to  the  pale  belts.  Fonr  and 
three  quarter  whorls  in  a  length  of  185  mm.  From  40-80 
fathoms  off  Green  Cape,  New  Sonth  Wales. 


KKC.   AT'STK.  MI'S.    VOI-.  XIT. 


Pl,ATR   XL. 


Fig.  2 


C.  CuTTfiN,  plioto.,  Austr.  ]\IllS. 


EXI'LANATIOX     OK     TLATE    XIJ. 


Fig.  3.  Toiina  cerevishia.  A  specimen  Avitliout  auy  browu  bands  and 
with  spots  uniformly  distributed.  Four  adult  whorls  in  a 
length  of  130  mm.  From  40-80  fathoms  off  Green  Cape, 
New  South  Wales. 


KKC.   AUSTK.   MIS.,  VOL.  XII. 


Pl.mio  XI.I, 


Fig.  3 


C.  Cldtton,  plioto.,  Ausir.  Mas. 


EXPLANATION    nV    ri,ATE    XLII. 


l''ii?.  1.  Totinn  lefracutiilti,  Hedley.  From  the  type,  wliieli  ]i:»k  live  arlnlt 
whorls  ill  a  lenjSfth  of  198  nun.  Fi'oni  40-SO  I'athonis  off 
CJreen  Cape,  New  Soutli  Wales. 


\{KC.  AISTK.  Mrs.,  VOL.   XII. 


1»I,ATK    XLI[. 


Fig.  4 


C.  Cr.uTTON,  photo.,  Austr.  ^riu 


EXl'LANATJON    OF    I'LATE    XLIU 


Fig.   5.      Toitiia   tetracotnhi,    Hedley.      Dorsal    view    of    anutliei-    specimen 
similar  iu  size  aud  locality. 


UKC.  AUSTK.   MIS.,  VOL.   XII, 


I'l.ATK    XLIIl, 


Fig.  5 


C.  Cr.DTTON,  j)lioto.,  Austr.  Mus. 


KXPLANATION    OF    ITiATE    XLIV, 


Fig.   6.      Tonna  luiriegdta,  Lamarck.      A  specimen  having  four  and   a   half 
whorls  in  a  length  of  92  mm.  from  Western  Australia. 

Kig.    7.      TouDK    (nttj)nll(t<-ei(,    Philippi.      A    broken    specimen     from    Port 
Darwin,  approximately  1;>0  mm.  long. 


HKC.  AUSTH.   Mrs.,  VOL.    .\  1 1 


I'lATK     XIJ\' 


Fig.  7 


C.  Glutton,  plioto.,  Auatr.  Mas. 


Fig-ie 


OCCASIONAL  NOTES. 

1. — TiiK    Male   CJ  alapadds   Tohtoisk    (Textudu  iiit/rita)    I'oi;  \i  kki,v 
AT  Gladesville,  Sydnev. 

Tlirongli  the  courtesy  of  tlie  Council  of  the  Zoohigical  Society  of 
New  Sontli  Wales,  I  was  permitted  to  make  extracts  from  the  ohl  Minute 
Books  of  the  Society  iii  conuection  with  facts  relating  to  the  acclimatisation 
of  certain  animals  and  birds.  By  this  means  I  am  able  to  fill  a  gap  in 
Mr.  E.  R.  Waite's  history^  of  the  Male  Gladesville  Tortoise. 

Mr.  Waite  records  the  arrival  of  the  Tortoise  in  Sydney  from  Tonga, 
apparently  in  1866,  and  recounts  its  presentation  to  Mr.  Alexander 
MacDonald  by  King  George  of  Tonga.  "  From  1866  to  the  end  of  1896 
the  tortoise  lived  in  Sydney,  and  at  the  latter  date  was  removed  to 
England." 

Now  a  newspaper  cutting  attached  to  the  minutes  of  the  Society  of 
the  3rd  October,  1884,  record  the  following  facts: — 

"  The  reception  yesterday  at  the  grounds  of  an  enormous  land  tortoise, 
supposed  to  be  one  of  the  largest,  if  not  the. largest  in  the  world.  It  is 
sent  bv  Mr.  Alexander  MacDonald,  of  Potts  Point,  a  member  of  the  firm 
of  .MacDonald,  Smith  &  Co.,  of  Hunter  Street,  to  whom  it  was  presented 
20  years  ago  by  King  George  of  Tonga,  when  its  age  was  estimated,  in 
Tonga,  at  upwards  of  200  years.  It  weighs  5  cwt.,  2  qrs  ,  26  lbs.,  length 
from  nose  to  tail  6  feet,  2  inches ;  girth  8  feet,  3  inches.  There  ha.s  been 
a  larger  specimen  of  tortoise  known,  one  weighing  870  lbs. ;  but  that  is 
now  en.shrined  among  the  other  stuffed  natural  wonders  in  the  British 
Museum  "      (Minutes,  3rd  October,  1884). 

On  the  16th  January,  1885,  the  Secretary  reported  the  Tortoise 
removal  by  Mr.  MacDonald,  on  7th  January,  either  back  to  Potts  Point 
or  to  Gladesville. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  measurements  given  above  and  those  afforded 
both  by  Dr.  J.  C.  Cox-  and  Mr.  Waite  are  precisely  the  same. 

R.  ETHERIDGE. 

1  Waite— Eec.  Aus.  Mus.,  iii..  5.  1899,  p.  95. 

2  Cox— Proc.  Linn.  Soc.  N.S.Wales,  viii.,  4,  p.  .532. 


'I'llK     AISTKAIJAN     MISEUM:— 
KUAIIMKNTS     OK    ITS     KAKl.V     IIIS'I'OKV. 

HY 

K.    KriiKKii'iiK,   Jim;.,    I  )iTi'ct(ir  and  ('iii'atoi'. 
(  IMiitcs  xlv.-xlix.) 

In  llu'  til  si  pint  of  flirsc  "  Kragiiieiits  "  were  detailed  tlie  Inception, 
Title,  and  Nanu's  of  )  lu'  Kailiest  Cniatuivs.  lu  the  iii-eseut  part  will  be 
found  irlatt'd  t  lii'  wandi'iing's  to  and  fro  of  the  Collections  from  the  first 
record  I  li;»\f  to  tlu'ir    airival  at   their  ])resent   lionie  in  C/olk'jSfe   Street  in 

O.        WANDKIvlNMiS    OF     TllK     Ixh'ANT    CoM-ECTIONS. 

It  will  be  i-emenibered  I  traced  back  the  Museiun's  history'  to 
practically  1827  as  the  "  Colonial  Museum."  One  may  safely  assume 
this  was  the  "  beautiful  collection  in  chai-ge  of  Mr.  W.  Holmes"  possibly 
iu  the  Judge  Advocate's  Old  Office  judging  bv  au  aiticle  in  the  "  Sydney 
Gazette  "  of  18302 ,_  '  " 

"  The  Sydney  Museum  [another  early  name  for  the  institution],  kept  for  the 
present  in  the  old  Judge  Advocate's  Office,  has  just  received  from  the 
out-stations  some  valuable  additions  to  its  stock  of  curiosities." 

This  is  the  first  direct  reference,  other  than  .those  already  detailed, 
I  have  met  with.  What  the  relation  of  the  foregoing  office  to  the  next 
location,  the  "  Old  Post  Office,"  referred  to  in  the  "  Sydney  Gazette  "  of 
1830'^,  was  1  am  not  certain.  But  first  which  of  the  Old  Post  Offices  is 
here  refei'red  to?  That  in  George  Street  (then  called  High  Street)  about 
the  site  of  the  present  Metropolitan  Fire  Brigade  building  at  Circular 
Quay  ;  or  the  second  on  the  King's  Wharf,  opposite  the  Paragon  Hotel, 
Circular  Quay'';  or  the  third  in  Bent  Street'',  at  the  rear  of  the  present 
Education  Department  building?  In  all  probability  the  last  named,  for  in 
"  The  New  South  Wales  Caleiular  .and  General  P.O.  Directory  "  for 
ISS'i*^,  there  occurs  in  a  list  of  [)ublic  offices  and  buildings  amongst  other 
items : — "  Museum,  Bent  Sti-eet,"  but  in  1833  edition  of  the  same  pub- 
lication, tliis  is  not  repeated.  Mr.  Hugh  Wright,  of  the  Mitchell  Librar)% 
informs   me  the  Judge  Advocate's  Old  Office  "  was  in  what  is  now  Loftus 

1  Continued  from  "Records,"  Vol.  xi..  No.  4,  1916,  p.  67. 

-'  Sydney  Gazette,  xxviii.,   183U  (6tli  Feby.),  No.  1772. 

■'  Sydney  Gazette,  xxviii.,  1830  (31st  Aug.) 

J  Houison—"  History  of  the  G. P.O.,  etc.,  in  N.S.W.,  1890,"  pp.  3,  7  (fide 
H.  Wright). 

■''  Bent  Street— up  to  1810  was  without  a  name.  In  the  "  Sydney  Gazette  "  of 
1810  (viii.,  1810  (Oct,  6th),  No.  353)  is  a  "Plan  of  the  New  and  Old  Names  of 
Streets,  etc.,  in  the  Town  of  Sydney,  with  Explanations  and  References."  The  New 
Street  under  the  name  of  Bent  Street  is  described  as  "  extending  from  Spring-row 
in  an  easterly  direction  to  the  fountain,  and  thence  to  the  north  end  of  Phillip- 
street." 

«  N.S.Wales  Calendar  and  G.P.O.  Directory,  1832,  p.  26. 


340  KECORDS    OF   TUE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Street,  at  the  south-east  corner  of  the  existing  Lands  Office."  Such  being 
the  case,  it  is  almost  witliin  the  range  of  certainty  that  this  is  the  Bent 
Street  site  already  i-eferred  to  as  the  third  Post  Office,  and  the  "Museum, 
Bent  Street  "  of  "  The  New  South  Wales  Calendar."  That  there  was  a 
government  office  in  Bent  Street  in  these  early  days  is  certain  : — 

"  The  Court  was  lield  in  a  building  in  Bent  Street  in  the  premises  that  years 
afterwards  wei"e  used  as  the  (Jovernment  Sales  Office,  just  at  the  rear  of 
the  present  Education  Office"." 

A  passage  in  D.  D.  Mann's  "  Present  Picture  of  New  South  Wales*^," 
a  curious  old  book  published  in  Loudon  in  1811,  would,  if  not  carefully 
read,  lead  to  the  belief  of  the  existence  of  a  collection  in  Sydney  as  early 
as  1810,  under  the  name  of  Bullock's  Museum  ;  in  his  chapter  on  Natural 
History,  Mann  speaks  of  "  two  stuffed  specimens"  of  the  Koala,  or  Native 
Bear.  Bullock's  Museum,  however,  was  a  privately-owned  collection  in 
Piccadilly,  London,  the  proprietor  being  William  Bullock. 

It  is  certain  that  as  early  as  1830  a  pernimient  Museum  was  in 
contemplation,  for  the  Committee  of  the  Australian  Subscription  Library 
and  Reading  Room  [afterwards  the  Public  Library  of  New  South  Wales] 
petitioned  Governor  Darling  for  the  grant  of  a  town  allotment : — 

"  and  suggested  that  the  Museum,  then  in  an  embryo  state,  should  ))e  com- 
bined -with  the  Lilirary'-'." 

Bladen  saj's  that  on  10th  Oct.,  1831,  the  Governor  gave  permission 
to  the  Committee  : — 

"  to  select  two  allotments  of  ground  in  Hyde  Park'"  ...  it  lieing  under- 
stood that  suitable  pi'ovision  be  made  for  a  Museum,  which,  as  far  as 
regards  collections  of  animals,  birds,  etc.,  has  been  already  commenced, 
and  which  it  is  conceded  may  l)e  united  with  great  advantage  to  the 
Public  Library." 

Two  allotraenis  were  selected  in  Hyde   Park,  but  notliing  fui'tlier  came  of 
the  matter  until  some  years  after. 

It  is  quite  evident  the  idea  of  a  combined  Library  aTid  Museum  had 
not  been  abandoned  by  1835,  for  we  find  Governor  iJourkc  writing  to  the 
Secretary  for  State  asking  for  : — 

"  permission  to  propose  to  the  Council  of  this  Colony"  tlie  approjtriiition  of 
money  for  the  erection  of  a  V)uilding  to  serve  as  a  Library  and  Museum 
and  to  l)e  ))laced  in  connection  with  the  Sydney   Botanical  (hardens 

The    building  should    contain    rooms  for  the   Colonial   Museum  for 


-•  Old  Times,  i..  No.  2,  1903,  p.  110. 

'^  Mann—Present  Picture  of  N.S.  Wales,  p.  t9  (-tto.,  London,  1811). 

I'   Bladen-Free  Publie  Library,  N.S.Wales,  Historical  Notes,  etc..  11)06.  p.  7. 

'"  Brief  notices  in  the  "  Sydney  Gazette  "  (xxxiv..  No.  2756,  7th  January  ;  No. 
2856,  8th  Sejit.)  lead  one  to  believe  that  Hyde  Park  was  laid  out  in  1886. 

"  Legislative  Council — "  In  1824  a  proclamation  was  issued  by  Oovernor 
Brisl)ane  announcing  that  the  King  had  l)een  pleased  to  institute  a  Legislative 
Councd  for  New  South  Wales  "  (Old  Times,  i..  pt.  2,  1903,  p.  123).  The  date  of  this 
proclamation  was  llth  Aug.,  1824. 


THR    AI'STRALIAN     MCSKUM EAUI,V     lllSTol.'V K  III  Kl;  I  HdK. 


:U1 


wliich  collections  on  a  sniiill   sciilt'  luive  hocn  making  for  a  few   years  past, 

I  consider,   tlierefore,  it  wouM  lie  more  advisable  to  Imild  a 

house  for  a  liihrary  and  IMuseuiii'-." 

fii  lX'17  the  "  Au.straliaJi  Subscription  ijihraiv  "  was  located  in 
Tei'iy's  ]iuikliiio:s,  Pitt  Street,  but  in  Decenibei/,  ib'M,  was  removed  to 
I'ooiiis  at  the  Old  Post  Office  in  George  Street,  and  again  in  May,  1886, 
ti)  a  liouse  in  Bridge  Street,  then  recently  vacated  by  the  Cliief  Jiisticei-'. 

••  This  building  stood  on  the  site  of  the  present  oflSces  of  the  Department  of 
Lands  [and  must  thereft>re  have  been  the  Judfje  Advocate's  Old  Office  ] 
at  the  corner  of  Bridge  and  (Jresham  Streets  ....  On  the  Estimates 
for  the  ye:ir  18;iS  aii  amount  of  .£4,000  was  voted  fnr  building  a  I'liblie 
Library  and  Museum  "      .      .      .      .  '^ 


Fid.  6. 

"  Residence  of  the  Chief  Justice  in  which  the  Library  was  located  from 

] 836-40." 
(After    Bladen — "  Public    Library   of    N.S.Wales,    Historical    Notes," 

1906,  p.  13.) 

Confirmator}'  evidence  of  this  statement  is  fo  be  found  in  the 
Australian  Museum  Committee's  Minutes,  foi-,  on  the  1st  August,  183S, 
it  is  recorded  :  — 

"  A  letter  was  read  from  His  Excellency  the  Governor  [Sir  George  Gipps] 
stating  that  the  Colonial  Architect  had  been  directed  to  confer  with  the 
Committee  of  the  Australian  Museum  and  the  Australian  [SuViscription] 
Library  for  the  purpose  of  proposing  an  eligible  situation  for  the  erection 
of  an  edifice  suitable  for  those  Institutions." 


'-  Bladen — Loc.  clt.,  pp.  13-14. 
'•'•  Bladen — Lor.  cit.,  p.  15. 
'■*  Bladen — Loc.  cil.,  p.  15. 


342  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTIULIAX    MUSEUM. 

We  can  only  conclude  that  with  the  removal  of  the  Subscription 
Library  to  Bridge  Street  in  May,  1836,  to  a  house  then  recently  vacated 
by  the  Chief  Justice,  also  went  the  infant  Museum  from  the  followinof 
expression  of  Bladen's  : — 

"  The  premises  in  Bridge-street,  occupied  by  the  Libranj  and  Muse^im,  were 
ordei'ed  to  be  vacated  to  accommodate  the  Surveyor-General  and  his 
Staff ;  rooms  being  provided  for  the  Library  at  a  building  in  Macquarie- 
street,  opposite  the  site  on  which  the  Sydney  Mint  now  stands."  '■"' 

This  only  accounts  for  the  Library,  what  became  of  the  Museum  ? 
These  lengthy  extracts  from  Mr.  Bladen's  interesting  account  render  it 
clear  that  the  conjoint  Colonial  Museum's  collections  and  Subscription 
Library  must  have  come  together  in  Bridge  Street,  one  from  the  Judge 
Advocate's  Old  Office  in  Bent  Street,  and  the  other  from  the  Old  Post 
OflBce  in  George  Street,  jointly  occupying  the  house  variously  referred  to 
as  the  Chief  Justice's  [Sir  F.  Forbes]  and  the  office  of  the  Sni-veyor- 
General.  Hence  they  migrated  together  to  the  building  in  Macquarie 
Sti^eet,  opposite  the  pi'esent  site  of  the  Royal  Mint,  and  here  their 
partnership  ultimately  ended.  It  has  been  stated  that  the  Museum 
occupied  "  a  small  room  attached  to  the  Legislative  Council^*',''  but  like 
other  of  Fowles'  statements,  lacks  confirmation,  as  T  have  been  unable  to 
find  any  evidence  in  support. 

This  Colonial  Museum  in  the  hoiise  of  Chief  Justice  Forbes  is  refei'red 
to  in  the  "  Sydney  Gazette  "  of  lS:i6i"  : — 

"The  two  lower  rooms  of  the  late  residence  of  Chief  Justice  Forbes  are  set 
apart  for  the  jjurpose.  They  are  being  nicely  fitted  up  witli  glass  cases 
to  suit  the  apartments.  The  selection  of  birds  and  boasts,  (>tc.,  are  well 
worth  seeing,  all  of  which  are  in  the  highest  state  of  preservation  and 
neatly  arranged." 

It  may  be  interesting  to  give  a  few  facts  abcnit  this  house  in  Bridge 
Street.  In  theDowliug  "  Keminiscences''^,"  by  Judge  .lames  S.  Dowling 
(son  of  Chief -lustice  Sir  James  Dowling),  occuisthe  folh)wing  account: — 

"  Passing  (iovernment  House,  three  )>uildiiigs  came  in  vi(>w  on  the  loft  side  of 
Hridge  Street  ....  All  were  (xdvernmeut  pr()])erty.  'I'he  tirst  was 
the  ('olonial  S(^cretary's  Ofiice,  but  is  now  used  by  the  Education 
Department,  aiul  })efi)re  it  now  grow  the  celebrated  two  old  tig  trees     . 

The  central  buildnig  is  no  more,  what  it  was  used  as   1  forget.     'I'he 
third  was  the  ofKcial  residence  of  the  Chief  Justice." 

As  these  buihlings  were  as  described  soon  after  Judge  J.  S.  Dowling's 
arrival  in  Sydney,  as  a  lad,  the  "  Reminiscences"  must  refer  to  about  the 
year  1828'".  Kiom  (he  same  soui'ce  we  Icain  lliat  Sir  P'rancis  l*'(U'bes 
was : — 

"'I'he  only  Chiff  .TusticH  tu  wImhii  was  granted  the  ])rivilege  i>f  living  in  a 
Govci-nmiMit    residence  n-nt  free     ....      It  slciml   in    Hridge   Street, 

I''   Hladen-Lor.  cil.,  p.  20. 
i«  Fowles— Sydney  in  1848  [1K78J.  p.  8:5. 
'"  Sydney  (Gazette,  xxxiv.,  No.  2875  (2Jnd  <Vt.). 

'^    Dowling — Reminiscences  of  tlio  late  .Tiidge  (,I.  S. )   1  >nwliii'.,'.   Tarts  i    ami  ii, 
Old  ■i'imes,  i..  No.  2.  1903,  p.  114.  No   :!.   IHoM.  p.    IS,",. 
'"   Dowling- /,..(•.  .■//..  No.  2,  ]>.  IHi. 


TllK    AHSTUAI-IAN     M  I'SKIIM  — K  A  U  I.V     11  ISTuRV  — KTll  KIM  L.IR. 


343 


and  was  only  ivc^ntlv  pvilUnl  .lown.  h.uI  i.artly  on  its  site  has  been  mecte.1 
trveiy  han.lso.ne  hlock  of  buiUlin-sfor  the  Lands  Department-". 

The   buiiain^in    Macquarie  Street  to  vvhicl,  the    Museum   (•..Ih'rti.u.s 
and  the  Subsciiplion  Library  \vere  ivmoved  in  May,  1S4(),  was:— 

••  well  known  to  the  oUl  coU.nists  as  the  Surveyor-CUMUTars  (the  hite  Sir  T.  I. 
Mitvlu'U)  ottice-i." 


Fig.  7. 
'•  St.  James'   rarsona!>-e.      In  which  the  Library  was  located  from  1S4U-3."  and 

also  the  Museum. 
(After  Bladen -Public  Library  of  N.S.Wales.     Historical  Notes.  1906,  p.  16.) 

and  according  to   ISIaclehose  ^Yas  previously  in  tlie  hands  of  tlie  Collector 
of  Inland  Revenue--. 

About  this  time,  to  be  exact,  on  12th  August,  1841,  the  Rev.  W.  B. 
Clarke  addressed  a  letter'-^-'  t<.  the  Colonial  Secretary  (Honourable  K.  Deas 
Thomson)  calling  attention  to  : — 

"  insufficiency  of  accommodation  in  the  apartments  reserved  for  the  Museuin 
in  the  house  lately  vacated  by  the  Survey or-Oneral,'  and  "  detriment 
accruiu"-  to  the  stuffed  specimens  to  which  tliey  are  exposed  .  .  .  ■ 
Tiie  apartments  reserved  ....  in  Macquarie  Street  are,  in  tlie 
opinion  of  the  Committee,  inadequate  for  the  purpose  of  arran^^ement  an.l 
reception." 
The  letter  concluded  by  detinitely  asking  lor  better  accommodation 
to  be  provided.     Tiie  return  correspondence  to  the  iibove  is  not  before  me, 


^"  Dowling — Lor.  ril.,  No.  S.  p.  190. 

■.21  Dowling — />(»(•.  fit  ,  No.  ;?.  p.  188. 

••i2  Maclehose— Picture  of  Sydney,  18:58,  ]\  8t. 

■-'a  Oflicial  Letter-book,  i.,  p.  36. 


344  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

but    the    above    letter   was    followed     by    a  second,   dated   18tli    Octobei-, 
1841-^,  also  written  b}-  Mr.  Clarke,  in  which  he  said  : — 

"  The  only  room  in  the  Buildings  in  Maequarie  Street  suitable  for  the  reception 
of  the  Museum  is,  at  present,  in  the  occupation  of  the  Town-Surveyor's 
Department,  the  other  rooms,  as  I  had  previously  the  duty  of  observing, 
beinti,-  quite  insufficient  for  the  purpose." 

The  mattei-  of  the  Town  Surveyor's  Office  was  finally  settled  by  a 
letter  from  the  Colonial  Secretary  (Hon.  E.  Deas  Thomson),  as  recorded 
ill  the  minutes  of  1st  Dec,  1S41  : — 

"  The  Secretary  [W.  B.  Clarke]  read  a  letter  from  the  Colonial  Secretary  stat- 
ing that  the  room  applied  for  in  the  occupation  of  tlie  Town  Surveyor 
cannot  be  granted  by  His  Excellency  [Sir  G.  Gipps]  for  the  use  of  the 
Museum." 

In  the  "  New  South  Wales  Calender  nnd  General  Post  Office  Dii'ec- 
tory  "  for  18;^7-^  there  appeared  the  folloAving,  which  at  first  sight,  may 
.seem  a  contradiction  to  a  great  deal  that  has  gone  before  : — 

"The  Museum,  Maequarie  Place,  is  open  daily  (Sundays  excepteti)  between 
the  hours  of  12  and  3." 

The  contiguity,  however,  of  this  Maequarie  Place  site  and  that  in 
Bridge  Street  is  sufficient  to  indicate  them  as  one  and  the  same,  but  if 
])roof  be  needed  the  following  advertisement-'^  should  be  sufficient  : — 

.Australian  Museum. 
Notice  is  here))y  given,  that  the  Australian   Museum'-'"  having  been  removed 
to  tlie  house  lately  occupied  by  His  Honor  the  Chief  Justicf*,  in  Maequarie 
Place,  is  now  open  for  Public  Inspection  on  Tuesdays  anil  FriiUxys  between 
the  hours  of  Twelve  and  Three. 

By  order  of  the  Committee, 

George  Bennett, 
Australian  Secretary. 

Museum, 

June  Htli.  1836. 

It  is  suiprising  how  little  care  appeal's  to  have  been  exercised  by  local 
historians  in  earlier  da  vs.  Thns,  Fowles  in  his  "  Sydney  in  1848-*^,"  says 
that  whilst  the  Museum  occupied  the  two  rooms  in  the  Surveyor-General's 
Office,  "  Dr.  Bennett  resigned  his  office  as  Director  in  favour  of  ^Ir. 
William  Sheridiin  Wall""'."  It  has  alieadv  been  shown  in  Part  1  how 
fallaceoiis  such  a  statement  was.  Fowles  also  savs  the  Institution  was 
founded  in  1886-^'. 

The  first  Museum  Ciitahigiie  was  published  in  18;)7.  On  the  "iOth 
September,  1837,  the  Sub-Committee  resolved  that  : — 

■^*  Official  Letter-book,  i.,  p.  39. 

••;»  N.S.W.  Calendar  and  G.P.O.  Directory,  1837,  p.  342. 

-''  Sydney  Gazette,  vii..  No.  226,  1836  (June  15th)  p.  454;  Id..  No.  227,  (June 
22nd)  p.  472. 

-'-  Note  the  title. 

-**  P'owles  — Sydney  in  1H4H  :  illiistratt'd  by  copiieii)latc'  engravings  of  (lie  prin- 
cipal streets,  public  Imildings,  churches,  cha])fls,  etc.  ^4to.) 

-"  Fowles— Loc.  cit.,  p.  84. 

■•"    Kowles  — Loc.  rll  ,  p.  S3. 


THK    AUSTHAI.IAN     MI'SKUM KAI.'I.V     IIISIol;V K  111  KIM  In  ;  I- .  lUf) 

"Tlio  MaiiusiTi])t  Calalo^'iu!  of  tlic  Miiseuiii  drawn  u]>  by  tlie  Secnitary  I  Dr. 
(-1.  Ik'iiiU'ttJ  he  i)riiitt'(l  and  (liiit  lenders  are  to  ]h'.  received  from  tlii^  Atlas 
;ind  Colonial  Trintin^  OfHces-"," 

live  liiindivd  copies  to  bo  the  issue.  It  was  iiid  actually  oi'dercd  to  he  set 
lip  ill  tvf.c  until  the  -itli  October,  1M.S7,  the  tender  (il Mr.  Tcfftr,  of  I  he 
Athis  Printing  Odice,  being  accepted.      This  Catah)gue  was  entitled  : — 

"  A    Cataloij^ue    of    the     Siieeiniens    of    Natural     History    and    IMiscellaneon.s 
Curiosities  deinjsitod  in  the  Austnilian  Museum.  l)y  <i.  Heniiett  ■-'." 

and  has  long  been  out  of  print.  It  wouhl  appeal'  that  a  t'uitlier  C'atalogiie 
Avas  conteniphited  as  soon  after  tlie  appeal ;ince  of  JJeiinett's  as  lSl.2,  for 
on  the  12th  May  of  that  yeai-  a  lettei-  is  recorded  from  tlie  Coh)nial  Secre- 
taiy,  Hon.  K.  Deas  Thomson,  stating  tliat  His  K.xcelleiu'v  [Sir  (Jeoi'ge 
(Jipps]  agreed  to  print  copies  of  the  Catalogue,  but  "recommended 
its  i-evisioir".'"  This  revision  was  carried  out  by  Mr.  (Sir)  W.  Macarthur, 
and  here  the  matter  seems  to  have  ended. 

During  its  early  struggles  tlie  Museum  appears  to  liave  possessed  a 
rival  in  that  of  the  Sydney  Mechanics'  School  of  Arts,  established  28rd 
March,  1838-^^,  and  said  to  have  been  "  opened  "  in  1837'^^.  Meetings 
were  at  first  held  on  Church  Hill  in  the  house  "lately  occupied  by  Captain 
Kossi'^''."  For  the  period,  this  collection  must  have  contained  many 
objects  of  interest  and  value,  and  amongst  its  various  Curators  ajipear 
the  names  of  no  less  than  Dr.  (Sir)  C.  Nicholso]i,  Arthur  a'Beckett,  James 
Dunlop,  F.R.S.'^S  and  for  its  President,  Major  (Sir)  T.  L.  Mitchell, 
Surveyor-Genei'al.  The  Museum  contained  zoohigical  objects,  phreno- 
logical busts,  minei'als,  fossils,  Grecian  and  other  coins,  models,  etc.: — 

"  The  establishment  of  a  Museum  was  considered  by  the  orii^inators  of  this 
Institution  as  a  subject  scarcely  secondary  in  importance  to  any  contem- 
plated in  its  design-''*." 

The  first  record  of  acknowledging  donations  to  come  under  my  notice 
appeared  iu  1838.  On  the  3rd  October  of  that  yeai'  the  plate,  and  a  proof 
tlierefrom,  were  submitted  to  the  Sub-Committee  for  inspection  and 
approved  of^''.  This  sj^stem  is  still  in  vogue.  Looking  a  little  further 
ahead,  it  was  resolved  on  tlie  30th  July,  1853**^',  that  :^ 

"  The  circular  letter  conveying  such  vote  of  thanks  shall  l)e  signed  by  the 
Chairman." 

This  was  so  far  afterwards  dej^arted  from  that  the  Curator,  or  his 
representative  for  the  time  being,  performed  tliis,  and  it  is  so  now.  It 
was  also  customary  for  many  years  to  forward  lists  of  donations  to  the 
public  press  for  acknowledgment  in  that  way. 

»i   Minutes,  20th  Sept.,  1837. 

■'"  pj).  36  (12mo.,  Sydney,  1837). 

3-  Minutes,  12th  March,  1842. 

■i^  Third  Annual  Report  for  1S35. 

35  Moore's  Almanac  and  Hand  Book  for  N.S.VV.  for  1832,  p.  1.3. 

3«  Raymond's  N.S.W.  Calendar  and  G.  L'.O.  Directory,  183o,  p.  418. 

37  Tegg's  N.S.W.  Pocket  Almanac,  1840,  p.  170. 

:i8  Annual  Reiwrt  for  1838  (1839),  p.  16. 

39  Minutes,  3rd  October,  1838. 

w  „         30th  July,  1853. 


346 


t!EC01Jl»S    OK     I'HIO    AI'SIKALIAN     Ml'SEUM. 


We  left  tlie  collection,  variously  alluded  to  as  tlie  "  Colonial 
Museum,"  "  Austi'aliau  Museum,"  etc.,  located  uear  the  coiiier  of  wliat  is 
now  Macquarie  and  King  8ti-eets,  in  apartments  spoken  of  b}'  the  Rev. 
W.  B.  Clarke  in  anything  but  flattering  terms.  From  this  point  there  is, 
unfortunately,  a  cotifusion  of  dates  in  the  Museum's  history,  and  misstate- 
ments in  contemporary  literature  ;  all  acct)unts,  liowever,  agree  that  the 
next  move  was  to  the  "  New  Court  Himse,  Woolloomooloo,"  the  present 
Criminal  Court  at  Darlinghurst.  Fowles,  the  authoi-  of  "  Sydney  in 
1848'*1,"  says  the  removal  to  the  Court  House  took  place  in  1840  in  the 
following  words  ; 

"  In  the  year  1840  Mr.  Wall,  uinler  the  in.sti  iK'iiuiis  of  the  ('oinniittee,  and  at 
the  reqiie.st  of  tlie  (lovenior,  SirGeorj^e  (iipps,  ay;ain  ivuioved  the  Museum 
to  apartments  prepared  for  it  in  the  Supreme  Court  Huildiii^s  at  Darling- 
hurst." 

Again,  in  "  Tegg\s  New  South  Wales  Pocket  Almanac"  for  1842  is 
a  further  error,  in  the  following  words  : — 

"The  Museum  at  present  is  at  the  New  Court  House,  Woolloomooloo,  but  will 
shortly  be  removed  to  the  apartments  in  Macquarie  Street  recently  in  the 
occupation  of  the  Surveyor-General's  Department  and  under  the  same  roof 
with  the  Australian  Subscription  Library^-." 

Maclehose  gives  a  view^''  of  this  "New  Court  House"  (as  completed) 
on  the  New  South  Head  Road,  Sydney  (Fig.  8). 


Fui.  8. 

New  Court  House  (as  completed).  South  Head  Road,  Syduoy. 

(.After  Maclehose — "  Picture  of  Sydney  and  Strangers'   Giude  in  N.S.Wales  for 

1838,''  pi.  opp.  p.  120, 


*'  Fowles— Sydney  in  18J.8.  etc.,  p.  84. 
■*'-  Tegg's  N.S.Wales  Pocket  Almanac  for  1812,  ]>.  I'll^. 

^•'  Maclehose — Pictures  of  Sydney  and  Strangers'  Guide  in  N.S. Wales  ft)r  1838, 
pi.  opp.  p.  120. 


I'HK    AISTKAI.IAN     Ml'SKTM EAlil.Y    11IST()|;V — ETIIKIM  DfiK.  '.H7 

Tliese  errors  are  only  t'qiialkMl  by  the  siateiiieiit  made  in  tlie  1890 
"  Guide  to  the  Contents  of  tlie  Austialian  Mu.seuni,  etc.^^"  tliat  : — 

"  The  Museum  was  soon  afterwards  removed  to  tlin  Surveyo'-Cieneral's  OtKte 
in  Bridfjfe  Street,  where  it  remaine<l  till  18i9,  in  wliicli  year  it  was  a^rain 
reniiiveil  to  its  present  site  at  the  corner  of  William  and  ('olle<^e  Streets." 

Tliat  the  removal  did  not  take  place  to  the  C'oiirt  House  site  in  ISlO 
as  stated  by  Fowles  is  proved  from  the  followiiifj  c.xt i-Mct.s  from  official 
documents.  At  tlie  Committee  meeting  held  on  fth  Aufifust,  ISU,  it 
was  : — 

"  Resolved  that  the  Secretary  [VV.  H.  ClarkeJ  comuiuuicate  with  tiic  ('ulonial 
Architect  respecting  the  removal  of  the  Museum  to  more  suitahle  a])art- 
ments  than  those  allotted  for  its  use  in  the  Surveyor-fieneral's  Office. 
The'  Secretary  accordingly  addressed  a  letter  to  Mr.  Lewis  [Colonial 
Architect]  to  that  ett'ect." 

Ap[)arently  no  notice  was  taken  of  this  recjiiest,  foi- the  minutes  of 
4th  August,  1841,  record  a  resolution  alnu)st  in  the  same  words  as  the 
above  that  the  Secretary  this  time  communicate  with  the  Colonial 
Secretary  direct  : — 

"  Respecting  the  removal  of  the  Museum  to  more  suitable  apartments  than 
those  allowed  for  it  in  the  Surveyor-General's  Office  "  [i.e.,  in  Macquarie 
Street]. 

Evidently  a  little  official  energy  manifested  itself  after  this  second 
appeal,  for  there  is  a  copy  of  a  letter  extant^^  from  Mr.  Clarke  to  the 
Colonial  Architect  dated  the  7th  December,  1841,  asking  the  latter  to 
meet  the  Museum  Committee  at  a  date  to  be  named  : — 

"  At  the  Court  House,  Woolloomooloo,  adjourning  thence  to  the  building  in 
Macquarie  Street." 

The  next  letter'**'  passing  between  the  same  parties,  20th  December, 
1841,  leads  one  to  believe  that  by  this  date  the  removal  to  the  Court 
House  was  practically  settled,  for  therein  Mr.  Clarke  invited  Mi-.  Lewis 
to  meet  the  Committee  on  23rd  December  : — 

"  At  the  Museum  in  the  New  Court  House." 

It  may,  therefore,  be  taken  foi-  granted  that  the  removal  from  the 
Surveyor-Greneral's  Office,  near  the  corner  of  Macquarie  and  King  Streets, 
to  Darlinghurst  took  place  some  time  veiy  early  in  1842.  In  fact,  it  is 
so  stated  in  Tegg's  Almanac  for  1842*^,  but  as  this  is  followed  by  the 
exploded  story  of  subsequent  removal  again  to  Macquarie  Street,  too 
much  reliance  cannot  be  placed  on  it.  Here  Mr.  W.  Holmes'  "  beautiful 
collection  "  certainly  remained  until  February,  1849.  That  it  was  there 
in  1848  is  stated  in  Coleman's  "  Almanac**^"  for  1848  : — 


■**  Sinclair— Guide  to  the  Contents  of  the  Australian  Museum,  1890,  p.  5. 

■•■  OfKcial  Letter-Book,  i.,  p.  42. 

■"i  Official  Letter-Book,  i.,  p.  45. 

•*■'  Tegg's  N.S.Wales  Pocket  Almanac  and  Remembrancer  for  1842,  p.  153. 

*^  Coleman's  N.S.Wales  Almanac  and  Remembrancer  for  1848,  p.  48. 


348  PECORDS    OF    THE    AC^^TRALIA^'    MUSEUM. 

"  The  Museum  is  at  present  at  tlie  New  Court  House,  Darlinghurst,  and  is 
open  for  public  inspection  every  Wednesday  from  10  to  3.  The  Gardens 
daily  from  sunrise  to  sunset." 

The  Minutes  of  26th  August,  1848,  record  tliat  the  members  of  the 
Museum  Committee  were  asked  to  examine  : — 

"  Specimens  of  Natural  History  now  in  Court  House  jirevious  to  removal  to  the 
New  Museum." 

The  permanent  buihliug  in  William  Sti-eet,  Hyde  Park,  having  been 
pronounced  sufficiently  advanced  to  receive  the  collections,  the  removal, 
according  to  the  Minutes,  was  ordered  on  24th  February,  1849'*-^,  to  be 
carried  out  : — 

"  Mr.  Wall  was  authorised  to  proceed  with  the  removal  of  the  specimens  of 
Natural  History  now  in  the  New  Court  House,  and  to  draw  for  the  amount 
necessary  to  cover  the  expenses  of  their  safe  conveyance  to  the  Museum. 
The  sum  not  to  exceed  Thirty  Pounds." 


4 — The  Commencement  ok  the  Ausji;ai,ian  Museum,  as  we  know  it, 

1838-46,  inclusive. 

The  Grovernmeut  of  the  day  evidently  had  in  view  the  erection  of  a 
permanent  building  to  be  devoted  to  the  pui-pose  of  a  Museum  and  Public 
Library  as  early  as  1838,  for  in  the  Minutes  of  1st  August,  1838,  we 
read  : — 

"The  Colonial  Architect  [Moi'timer  W.  Lewis]  had  been  directed  to  confer  with 
the  Committee  of  the  Australian  Museum  and  the  Australian  Liln-ary  for 
the  purpose  of  proposing-  an  eligible  situation  for  tlie  erection  of  an  edifice 
suitable  for  these  Institutions'''*'." 

As  the  Collections  have  been  traced  to  their  permanent  home,  I  now 
propose  showing  how  that  abode  came  into  existence. 

On  the  25th  September,  1844,  Dr.  [>Sir]  Charles  Nicholson  moved  in 
the  Legislative  Council  that  iin  address  be  presented  to  His  K.xcellency 
[Sii'  C  Gipps]  asking  that:  — 

"in  furtherance  of  the  oliject  of  tlic  IJight  Honoralilc  tlic  Enri  IJathur.st,  then 
Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies,  as  communicated  in  His  Iiordshij)'s 
Despatch  to  the  Governor  of  this  Colony,  dated  the  ;U)tli  March ,  1827.  to 
cause  some  suitable  apartments  to  be  forthwith  provided  for  tlie  Australian 
Museum;  or,  if  this  be  not  practical)le.  to  direct  the  Colonial  .Architect  to 
prepare  a  plan,  elevation,  and  estimate  of  a  suitalile  buiUhiig  fur  the  pur- 
lK)se  tc)  b(^  laid  before  the  Legislative  Council  for  a])pri)val." 

To  this  petition  Sir  (ieorge  rt-plied  on  llic  27tli  of  the  same 
niorit  Ir"''  :  — 


^»  Minutes,  24th  Fel)ruary,  1849. 

■"'  Minutes,  1st  August,  1838. 

•■-'   New  South  Wales,   Votes  and   I'rdc.   Leg  Council.    1844,  No.  65  ('J7th  Sept. 
1844)  p.  213,  "Message,"  etc. 


'I'HK    Al'SIKAMAN     MCSKUM KAKI.V     IIISTIIUV Kill  [OKI  hi;  K.  '.HU 

(it'iitlt'iiien, 

1  sliall  liiive  much  pleasure  in  "^iviu^  direct  inns  to  liu'  ('dluiiial 
Architect  to  ])rei>ait' plans  ami  Ksliniates  of  a  liuiMin<4  to  lie  erected  for 
the  Australian  Aluscuni. 

C{e..r^-..  (iipj.s. 
(jovernment   House, 

Sydney,  27th  Se])leinher.  1S44. 

Oil  tlie  back  ol"  a  separate  ('(H)v  of  this  I'eply,  printed  GoveT'inneut 
Gazette  size,  aiul  now  in  the  Mitcthell  hil)iary,  are  a  series  of  minutes, 
initialled  "  (5.G.,"  one  of  which  reads  as  loHows'''-  : — 

"Write  to  him  [Colonial  Architect]  statin}^  that  I  propose  to  place  on  the 
Estiniates  for  184(),  a  sum  not  exceedin<^  ,£;^,()()0  for  the  erection  of  a 
IMuseum,  and  recjuest  him  to  j)re])are. a  I'lan  of  a  Huildinj;  suitable  to  the 
]>ur])ose.  But  hefoi'e  (loini^  so,  h(^  should  confer  with  Die  Committee  of 
the  Museum,  botli  as  to  the  nature  of  tlie  Buildin}^  to  he  erectad,  and  the 
situation  in  which  it  should  lie  placed.  It  seems  to  me,  however;  that  it 
ought  to  be  in  the  Botanic  (hardens." 

On  30th  October,  1845,  tliis  sum  was  accordingly  voted  by  Council  : — 

"No.  52." 
"Votes  and  Proceedings  of  the  Legislative  Council,  30th  October,  1845,  p.  4." 
"  (53)   Resolved,  that  a  sum  not  exceeding  £3,(HK)  be  appropriated  towards 
erecting  a  Public  Museum,  at  Sydney,  for  the  year  1846." 

And  of  which  the  Committee  were  duly  informed  as  follows  : — 

Colonial  Secretary's  Office, 

Sydney,  14th  March,  1845. 
Gentlemen, 

.An  address    having  been   presented  to  the  Governor  liy  the   Legis- 
lative  Council    wherein    His    Excelle:icy    was   requested   to   cause    some 
suitable  accommodation  to  be  provided  for  the  Australian  Museum,  I  am 
directed  to  inform  you  that  it  is   proposed  to  place  on  the  Estimates  for 
1846,  a  sum  not  exceeding  ^3,000,  for  the  erection  of  a  Museum ;  and  that 
the  Colonial  Architect  has  accordingly  been  desired  to  ])repare  a  plan  of  a 
suitable   Building  for  the  purpcise,    first,  however,  conferring  with  you  as 
to  the  nature  of  the  Building  to  be  erected,  and  the  situation  in  which  it 
should  be  placed. 
His  Excellency  has,   therefore,   desired  me  to  request  that  j'ou  will  have  the 
goodness  to  confer  with  the  Colonial  Architect  on  the  subject. 
T  have  the  lionour  to  be, 
(gentlemen,    ■ 
Your  most  obedient  servant. 
The  Committee  of  for  the  Colonial  Secretary, 

The  Australian  Museum.  W.  Elyard,  Junr, 

The  Committee  in  the  interval  were,  no  doubt,  busy  looking  around 
for  a  site,  for  on  the  Minutes  of  12tli  September,  184-5,  there  occurs  the 
following  : — 

"  The  unanimous  opinion  of  the  Meeting,  that  the  portion  of  the  Government 
House  Demesne,  east  of  the  Library"'-''  and  nearly  opposite  the  Statue 
would  be  a  very  eligible  situation." 

52  1844.  New  South  Wales  (Australian  Museum).  Ordered  by  the  Council  to 
be  printed  27th  September.  1 844. 

■•'■'  This  presumedly  means  the  present  Public  Library,  the  foundation  stone  of 
which  was  lai<l  by  the  Honorable  Alex.  Macleay  in  1844  (OhI  Tunes,  i..  No.  1,  1903, 
p.  21). 


350  RECORDS    OF    THE    ADSTRALIAX    SinSEUM. 

A  deputation  consisting  of  the  Hon.  Alexandei'  Macleay,  Dr.  W. 
Dawson,  and  Mr.  Lewis,  was  accordingly  appointed  to  wait  upon  His 
Excellency. 

The  answer  to  tliis  deputation  was  communicated  to  the  Committee 
by  a  letter  from  the  Colonial  Secretary  (The  Hon.  Deas  Thomson)  that 
His  Excelleucy^^ : — 

"  under  the  circumstances  of  His  very  probable,  speedy  departure  from  the 
Colony,  he  did  not  feel  himself  fully  authorised  to  alienate  any  poi'tion  of 
the  Lands  now  attached  to  the  Demesne  of  Government  House  for  any 
purpose  whatever. ' ' 

As  a  set-off  against  this  disappointment,  however,  the  Colonial 
Secretary  informed  the  Committee^^  : — 

"  He  had  received  His  Excellency's  command  to  propose  to  their  consideration 
that  portion  of  land  lyinfj  immetliately  to  the  north  of  the  Sydney 
College'^*'." 

This  offer  was  there  and  then  accepted,  with  : — 
"Their  grateful  sense  of  his  attention  to  their  wishes." 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  this  action  on  the  part  of  Sir  George 
Gipps  seems  to  have  been  brought  about  by  a  suggestion  emanating  from 
Mr.  S.  A.  Perry,  Deputy  Surveyoi-General,  in  terms  of  the  following 
letter,  addressed  by  the  latter  to  the  former  : — 

Surveyor-General's  Office, 
Sydney,  31st  January,  1846. 

In  attention  to  your  letter  of  the  29th  instant.  No.  46/41  ;  1  have 
the  honor  to  transmit  to  you  herewith  a  tracing  of  the  portion  of  Land 
situated  at  the  corner  of  College  Street,  adjoining  the  allotment  granted 
to  the  Sydney  College,  and  which  forms  no  part  of  the  land  belonging  to 
Hyde  Park,  but  from  which  it  is  distinguished  as  a  reserve  for  (lovernment 
.  purposes,  and  is  consequently  available  for  the  object  to  which  your  letter 
refers.  The  area  of  the  portion  of  land  alluded  to,  as  far  as  can  be  ascer- 
tained without  a  very  minute  survey,  is  two  acres,  two  roods,  and  twenty 
perches,  more  or  less.  And  I  have  further  the  honor  to  state  that  I  am 
not  aware  of  there  being  any  objection  to  the  appropriation  of  one  acre  of 
the  Land  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  Museum,  reserving  the  remainder 
to  be  applied  at  some  future  period,  and  for  which  the  position  of  the 
ground  appears  to  me  to  be  peculiarly  eligible. 

I  have  the  lienor  to  be, 

Sir, 
Your  most  obedient  servant, 

(Sgd.)  S.  A.  Perry,  D.S. 

Tiie  area  of  the  groun<l  marked  on  i)lan  may  be  granted  as  a  site  for  a 
Museum,  and  the  remainder  of  tlu'  land  reserved,  though  without  any 
pledge  or  promises  as  to  the  future  appropriation  of  it. 

(Sgd.)  G.  G. 
February  3,  1846. 

»*  Minutes,  18th  November,  1845. 

''5  Minutes,  28th  January,  1846. 

•■■'"  Now  the  Sydney  Grammar  School.  The  site  so  occupied  in  1,S3()  formed  part 
of  the  then  Racecourse.  The  College  was  utilised  for  University  purposes  pending 
the  opening  of  the  latter  in  1852.  (l)alleii — University  of  Sydney.  Its  History  and 
Progress  illustrated  (4t<).  Sydney,  l".tl4.)  ]>.  7.) 


Sir, 


THE    Al'SIRAI-IAN     MPSEl'M K.AIM.Y     IIISIORV KlUEKIIniK. 


>1 


Till'  ti'itciiio^  ai'coiiipaii)  iii<^  this  dofumt'iit  liiid  been  lost  when  this 
lettei'  first  came  under  my  notice,  bat  fortunately  another  rough  ti-acinp 
(Fior.  9)  to  be  refei-red  to  in  the  sequel  as  exhibiting  additional  land  granted 
to  the  Committee,  waH  found  in  the  Museum  archives.  Here,  on  the 
original  site  of  one  acre  is  shown  as  "  foi-mer  site  of  Museuin." 


\Y U.yn:^n^  i" 


C7 


2  -5Z. 

^         r       r  ;J 

/        0   -  J>5  ^ 

/-     a-     0 


^ 


s 


7>1.      f  tre. 


fyC- 


lu  an  intei-esting 
article  entitled  "Old 
Willinm-Street.  Inter- 
esting ITistoiy,"  etc., 
by  Miss  Mary  Salmon^? 
we  learn  tliat  : — 

"  Where  the  Sydney 
Museum  now  stands 
in  College-Street,  was 
high  ground  that  had 
a  creek  running  along 
one  side  of  it,  where 
the  boys  fished  for 
eels  ....  The 
ground  where  the 
Grammar  School,  the 
Museum,  and  the 
William-Street  Public 
School  stand"'**  was 
the  property  of  Chief 
Justice  Forbes,  and  in 
it  he  had  a  fine  gar- 
den, with  a  high  bi'ick 
wall  that  abutted  on 
the  Riley  Estate." 


Fig.  9. 

The  site  granted  by  His  Excellency  Sir  George  Gipps  is  thus  referred 
to  in  the  ''  Dowling  Reminiscences,"  already  mentioned.  The  woi*ding  of 
Miss  Salmon's  article  is  so  similar  I  tliink  these  "  Reminiscences  "  must 
have  been  the  source  from  which  she  obtained  her  information  ;  further- 
more, both  perpetuate  the  same  mistake^^  :  — 


"  Evening  News,  February  13th,  1917. 

s**  Yurong  Street  Public  School. 

■■''  Dowling— Old  Times,  i..  No.  2,  190:3,  p.  117. 


352 


RECORDS    OF    THR    AUSTRAIJAN    MDSRUM. 


"  The  ground  [iu  1822]  where  now  stands  the  Museum,  Grammar  School,  and 
the  buildings  facing  College  Street  to  its  intersection  with  the  Old  Soutli 
Head  Road  [Oxford  Street]  was  enclosed  by  a  brick  wall,  and  I  think 
was  the  propertj' of  the  Chief  Justice  [Forbes],  and  by  some  was  called 
his  garden  ;  the  brick  wall  funned  part  of  the  western  boundary  of  the 
Riley  Estate." 

A  poi'tioii  of  this  same  ground  referred  to  in  tlie  two  previous  quota- 
tions, that  on  which  the  Museum  stands'*,  is  distinctly  referred  to  in 
already  quoted  official  documents  (p.  850)  as  a  "reserve  for  government 
purposes,"  consequently  it  could  not  have  formed  part  of  the  Chief  Jus- 
tice's garden.  Support  is  lent  to  this  view  by  an  old  plan  in  the  possession 
of  the  City  Council  (Fig.  10)  for  a  copy  of  which  I  am  greatly  indebted 
to  Mr.  A.  H.  Bi-igg,  City  Surveyor.  This  explains  the  position  by  show- 
ing Sir  Francis  Forbes'  (Chief  Justice's)  grant  as  at  the  western  end  of 
the  block  between  Stanley  and  Francis  Streets,  and  from  the  latter  to  the 
Old  Toll  House,  which  stood  at  the  coi'ner  of  College  and  Liverpool 
Streets. 


'    (» 


I — ^ 


coff'^i^ 


Pirt.    10. 

Portion  of  i)lan  ti'accd  from  Old  Plan  in  possessinn  of  tlic  City  Council  of  Sydney 

ilated  Oct.  Hrd,  1844,  showing  the  position  of  the  "  (xovernment  lian<l," 

f>n  a  portion  of  which  the  Museum  now  stands. 

Thel'e  is  even  an  oldei'  plan  in  e.xistem'c  of  a  pai-t  of  this  "  reserve 
for  Grovernment  purposes,"  mentioned  in  Mi-.  Perry's  letter  (p.  350), 
showing  the  present  Museum  site  as  a  poition  of  the  "  Old  Convicts' 
Garden"  (Fig.  11),  the  proposed  Park-William  Street  bisecting  it.  This 
plan,  now  in  the  Mitchell  Library,  and  signed  by  the  Surveyor-lTeneral, 
Sir  T.  L.  Mitchell,  is  entitled  as  follows  : — 

"  Sketch   of  a   General   Plan  for   the   Regular  Extension   of   the   Streets   of 
Sydney." 


«n  Fowles  again  fell  into  eri'or  wIumi  lie  saidtiie  Museum  site  was  at  the  "corner 
of  William  an-l  Stanl.-y  Streets"  (Sydney  in  IH48.  etc.,  1878,  p.  84). 


THK    AUS'I'RAIJAN'     MCSKI'M KAK'LV     IIISTOK'V KIT)  KRI  iniK. 


853 


J/     ..     IL.^l 


:j; 


A/V«/Cg 


JL 
1/=  -  -~- 


Fig.  11. 

Part  ' '  Sketch  of  a  General  Plan  for  the  Re<f iilar  Extension 
of  the  Streets  of  Sydney,  7th  June,  1831,"  by  Sir  T.  L. 
Mitchell,  Surveyor-General,  showing  position  of  the  "  Old 
Convict's  Garden." 

and  is  dated  7tli  June,  1831.  With  this  plan  (Fig.  11)  is  a  letter  from 
the  Surveyor-General  to  the  Colonial  Secretary  [Honorable  Alexander 
Macleay],  dated  21st  November,  1831,  as  folio  ws*^i  :  — 

' '  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit a  plan  for  the  extension  and 

improvement  of  that  part  of  Sydney  adjoining  Hyde  Park,  and  for  laying 
out  the  latter  with  more  advantage  as  a  place  of  public  recreation.  I 
would,  therefore,  do  myself  the  honor  to  suggest,  for  the  approval  of  His 
Excellency,  the  Acting  Governor,  that  no  buildings  shouhl  l)e  erected,  or 
allotments  granted,  on  the  enclosure  witliiii  tlie  lirick  wall  named  the 
"  Convict  Garden,"  luit  that  that  wall  be  removed,  ;ind  the  whole  of  the 
ground  within  tliat,  and  also  that  betwetm  the  Catholic  Cliapel  and 
Wooloomooloo  boundary,  lie  added  to,  ami  consiilered  a  part  of,  what  is 
called  "Hyde  Park."  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  this  suggestion, 
because  the  i^rincipal  charm  of  Hyde  Park,  or  the  Racecourse,  is  the  view 
seen  from  it  of  the  waters  of  Port  Jackson,  the  Heads,  etc.,  and  the  sea 
breeze  which  is  freely  admitted  on  that  side  from  Wooloomooloo  Bay, 
but  which  would  be  entirely  shut  out  had  the  space  named  the  "Convict 
Garden"  lieen  covered  with  Imildings." 

The  plan,  prepared  by  the  Government  Architect  to  the  order  of  Sir 
George  Gipps,  was  submitted  to  the  Museum  Committee  by  Mr.  Lewis,  and 
received  the  former's  approval.      It  was  accompanied  by  a  letter  fi'om  His 


••J  Report  upon  the  Progress  made  in  Roads,  and  in  the  Construction  of  Public 
Works,  in  New  South  Wales  from  tlu;  year  1827  to  June,  1855,  by  Colonel  Sir  T.  L. 
Mitcliell,  Surveyor-Gentn-al  (Sydney — I'rinted  )iy  William  Hanson,  Government 
Printer,  Hyde  Park,  185ii),  p.  51. 


354  RECORDS    OP   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Excellency  "  sanctiouiug  the  erection  of  the  Museum."  This  plan  was  also 
submitted  to  the  Colonial  Secretary,  Mr.  Lewis  saying  in  his  covering 
letter : — 

' '  The  plan  requested,  drawn  in  accordance  with  the  general  views  of  the 
Committee,  and  althou>j^h  the  design  is  not  so  ornamental  as  I  could  wish, 
yet  it  is  chaste,  and  atfords  all  the  accommodation  requisite  for  some  years 
to  come,  and  is  so  planned  to  admit  a  great  extension  on  a  superior  scale  as 
well  as  ornament  hereafter."      (PL  xlvi.) 

On  the  12th  February,  1846,  a  letter  was  received  from  the  Colonial 
Secretary  [Honorable  E.  Deas  Thomson]  informing  the  Committee  that 
the  Colonial  Architect : — 

"  has  been  authorised  to  proceed  with  the  BuilcUng  "  :  — 

Colonial  Secx-etary's  Office, 

Sydney,  12th  February,  1846. 
Gentlemen, 

With  i-eference  to  my  letter  of  the  4th  instant,  respecting  the  Site 
granted  for  the  erection  of  a  Museum,  I  do  myself  the  honour  to  inform 
you  that,  by  command  of  His  Excellency  the  Governor,  the  Colonial 
Architect  has  been  authorised  to  proceed  with  the  Building,  according  to 
a  plan  submitted  l)y  him,  and  approved  of  by  His  Excellency  the  sum  of 
three  thousand  pounds  (=£;30(X))  having  been  included  in  the  Estimates 
for  the  present  year. 

I  have  the  honour  to  be. 
Gentlemen, 

Your  Most  obedient  servant 
The  Committee  of  for  the  Colonial  Secretary 

The  Australian  Museum.  (Sgd.)  W.  Elyard,  Junr. 

The  commencement  of  tlie  present  building  was  made  in  the  early 
part  of  1846,  probably  late  in  March,  with  the  construction  of  a  portion 
of  the  North  Wing,  or  that  part  facing  William  Street,  and  compi-ised  a 
basement,  area,  and  area  wall,  the  dimensions,  expressed  in  more  than  one 
document  emanating  from  the  Colonial  Secretary's  Office,  being  108  feet 
long  by  64  feet  wide,  51  feet  high,  ar.d  852,512  feet  cubic  contents. 

I  give  the  mouth  of  March  as  the  commencement  of  building  ojtera- 
tions  on  the  faith  »)f  a  M.S.  document  in  the  Mitchell  Library  : — 

"  Schedule  of  Tenders  for  Works  towards  erection  of  a  Public  Museum, 
Sydney,  received  in  pursuance  of  Puhlic  Notice  dated  15th  February, 
184(),  inserted  in  tlie  New  South  Wales  (ioveniment  Gazetti^  of  17.  20. 
24  ami  27  Fe)>ruary,  'A  and  (i  March,  opened  in  presence  of  the  under- 
signed (,n  i»  March.  * 

E.  Deas  Tliomson 
(Sgd.)     Wm.  Lithgow 

Mortimer  \V.  Lewis,  C.A." 

This  is  supported  by  the  following  extract  fi-om  ai\  official  letter 
deposited  in  the  same  Library.  Through  it  we  learned  the  name  of  the 
contractor : — 

No.  46/59.  Colonial  Secretary's  Office 

Sydney,  V.^ih  Mareh,   I  SKI. 
Sir, 

In  transmitting  to  you  the  enclosed  Schedule  of  Tenders  for  the  per- 
formance of  certain  Works  towards  the  Erection  of  a  PuliHc  Museum.  I 
am  directed  V>y  the  Governor  to  inform  you  that  His  Excellency  Mjiinnves 
of  the  Tender  of  Mr.  George  Paton  being  accepted. 

I  have,  etc. 
The  Colonial  for  the  Colonial  Secretary 

Architect.  W.  ElyanL  .luur. 


TIIR    AUSTRAMAN    MUSKUM EARLY     HIS'IOHY ETIIKIU  DtlE.  855 

TluTf  is  ct'itaiiilv  ;i  (lisiM'c[i:iin-y  in  tliilcs,  iinfofl  iiiiiiicly,  in  (*()iniecti(>ii 
witli  tlie  roninuMU'i'ineiit  of  hnildiiig  ojx'i'atioiis,  lor  in  moi-e  than  one 
ooininiiiiioalioii  iioiii  tlie  Museum  Hon.  Socivtary  (lit.  I{.  liyntl,  R.N.)  to 
tlie  Colonial  Secretary  the  t'oi-iiiei-  coiuplains  that: — 

'•  'I'his  buildiug  was  couiiiR'nct'd  m  .Jiinuary  last  year"^." 

In  the  face,  however,  of  the  documents  quoted,  1  think,  the  lattei" 
end  of  the  first  quarter  of  1846  may  be  accepted  as  approximately  the 
date  of  commencement  of  the  Australian  Museum  building  as  we  now 
know  it.  The  time  allowed  by  the  Colonial  Architect  for  the  completion 
of  the  work  was  eighteen  months : — 

"Mr.  Lewis  informed  the  meeting  that  the  new  building  would  require 
eighteen  months  to  complete,  but  that  within  three  months  he  would  be 
able  to  afford  the  Curator  a  sufficient  workshop  in  the  building"^." 


5 — Financial,  etc. 

The  financial  position  of  tho  Colonial  Museum  from  June,  1829,  to 
December,  1837,  has  alreadj'  been  given  (Part  i.,  p.  70).  From  1832  to 
1837  the  voted  income  never  exceeded  £200  per  annum.  In  1833-36 
this  was  apportioned,  according  to  "  Raymond's  New  South  Wales 
Calendar,"  etc.'^,  as  follows  : — 

"Zoologist  .£130    0    0 

Purchase  of  Specimens  ...         ...         ...         ...         ...  70    0    0 


^200     0     0." 


.£10 

0 

0 

32 

0 

6 

157 

19 

6 

but,  in  the  official  statement  referred  to  above,  there  "was  no  expenditure 
in  1833,  and  only  the  most  trivial  in  1832.  In  1836  the  allowance  was 
subdivided  in  this  manner  : — 

"  To  the  Keeper  of  the  rooms ... 

Collector  and  preserver  of  specimens  at  Is.  9d.  the  hour 
Providing  specimens  and  incidental  expenses 

.£200     0     0." 

The  income  was  again  £200  in  183 7**^,  and  this  sum  was  continued 
as  the  annual  allowance  up  to  and  after  the  institution  became  regularly 
known  as  the  Australian  Museum,  certainly  until  1846,  but  was  increased 
shortly  afterwards. 

As  an  instance  of  the  Institution's  scanty  means  is  the  following  : — 
A  letter  of  5th  October,  1836,  is  extant,  informing  the  "  Superintendent," 
Dr.    George   Bennett,    that  as  I'emuueration  for  the   conducting  of  the 

62  Letter,  47/2709,  31st  Marcfi,  1847. 

63  Minutes,  7th  July  1840. 

6'*  Eaymond's  N.S.Wales  Calendar  and  General  P.O.  Directory,  1833,  p.  26(5 ; 
1834,  p.  2f)l  ;   1835,  p.  405  ;   183(5,  p.  190. 

«5  Macarthur — "  N.S.Wales;  Present  State  and  Future  Prospects,"  1837,  p.  220 
(Appendix  No.  4(5)  ;   Raymond — Loc.  cil.,  1837,  p.  202. 


^o8     6 

8 

58     (J 

8 

9  10 

0 

(18  k; 

8 

JO 

0 

4.  10 

0 

^200     0 

0 

41   13 

4 

32     3 

4 

356  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

Museum,  he  cannot  be  allowed  more  than  £100  a  year  !  The  following, 
copied  from  a  document  in  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke's  handwriting''*',  illus- 
trates the  disbursements  of  this  £200  a  year : — 

"Application   for   Grant  of  ^200  for  the  year  1841-2,   for  the  service  of  the 

Museum. 

Salary  paid  to  the  Secretai-y  from  1st  Jan.  to  31st  July 

Salary  paid  to  the  Collector  from  1st  Jan.  to  31st  July 

Salary  paid  to  the  Collector  hy  the  Secretary 

Bills  paid  hy  the  Colonial  Treasurer 

Incidental  exj^enses  paid  hy  the  Secretary 

Balance  in  Secretary's  hands  to  lueet  hills  (unpaid) 


Portion  of  Secretary's  salary  unpaid 
,,        of  Collector's        ,,  ,, 

£TS  16     8" 

From  May,  1842,  onwards  the  £200  was  paid  in  half-yearly  instal- 
ments^", leaving  its  entire  disti'ibution  to  the  Committee.  The  application 
for  an  increase  already  mentioned  as  taking  place  in  1846,  is  recorded  on 
the  minutes  of  7th  September  of  that  year. 

As  early  as  1847  the  Museum  accounts  appear  to  have  been  trans- 
mitted direct  to  the  Auditor-GeneraF*^,  a  practice  and  privilege  still  in 
vogue. 

Once  the  removal  of  the  collections  from  Darlinghurst  was  accom- 
plished, it  clearly  became  the  policy  of  the  Committee  to  increase  thein  as 
rapidly  as  possible.  This  was  effected,  even  at  this  early  date,  by  soliciting 
donations  and  inaugurating  a  system  of  exchanges. 

In  "  Tegg's  New  South  Wales  Pocket  Almanac  and  Remembrancer 
for  1842  "  it  is  intimated  that^"  :— 

"  Specimens  of  Natural  History,  especially  such  as  helong  to  the  Australian 
Colonies,  the  Islands  of  the  Pacific,  and  surrounding  countries  are  earui'stly 
requested.  Connnunications  to  he  addressed  to  the  Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke, 
Secretary  ....  As  the  Geological  and  Mineralogical  dejiartments 
are  very  defective,  specimens  ....  of  rocks,  minerals,  w  fossils, 
will  he  very  acceptaVde." 

Acquisitions  by  exchange  were  equally  sought,  for  on  5th  October, 
1836,  we  find  the  Museum  Sub-Committee  recommending  that  relations 
be  opened  up  with  the  British,  Cape,  Calcutta,  and  other  similar  institu- 
tions, as  well  as  the  Ijinnean  and  Zoological  Secieties"*^  in  London,  the 
Royal  Society  in  Kdinbui-gh,  and  the  Asiatic  Society,  Calcutta.  At  the 
contiimation  ol"  this  recommendation  on  16th  Novembei',  1836,  it  was 
resolved"! : — 

10.40. 

•"'fi  Document  G.  ■ — ■ — 
5 

«'  Minutes,  12th  May,  1842. 

««  Minutes,  4th  Dec+miher,  1847. 

69  Tegg—Loc.  rit.,  pp.  153-4. 

">  There  is  an  interesting  letter  in  existence  from  Edward  Charlesworth, 
Secretary  of  the  Linnean  Society,  addressed  to  C apt.  (A(hniral)  P.  P.  King,  K.N., 
and  dat<'d  28  Leicester  Square,  9th  Mny.  1838,  iiit  r(.(hu'iiig  "diir  (^niif  liologisl .  Mr. 
Gould." 

"I    Minutes,  KHh  Novciidicr.   IS3(i. 


TIIK    APSIKAI.IAN     MTSKCM KAIJLV     II  IS  I  ul;  V  — KTII  Ki;i  h(i  K. 


:\:)1 


••Tluit    tlu>    Ihq.lkMtv    SiHvinu'ns    1...    ,list  ril-utr,!    t-    tl..-    various     Eur..i..Mn 
Musfuuis." 
lu  particular   two  large   exchanges   were    receiveil   tri)iu   tlie    Asiatic 
Society  in  1844  ami  IS4.6  respectively. 


6._Bnil,l'lN<i    Ol''    TllK    AUSII.-AUAN     MrSKlM,    AS    \VK     KNOW     IT,    1846    TO 

1868    INCLUSIVE. 

The  coustriictioii  oi'  the  Hrst  ix.i'tion  of  the  Miisi-iini,  or  North  Wing, 
gave  lise  to  misunderstanding,  expostulation,  and  reci-iinination,  that  it 
would  be  as  well  to  avoid,  if  possible,  but  these  happenings  are  so 
intimately  interwoven  with  its  history  they  must  be  touched  on  to  render 
the  latter  clear  and  succinct.  There  were  originally  three  contracts, 
viz. ; — 

Contract  No.  1— "  cousistin<,'  in  excavatinjr  for  the  whole  buildinjr  to  a  soUd 
stratum  to  receive  the  foundation,"  etc. 
2— Placing  six  g-irders,  forty  feet  long,  on  the  foundation  walls", 

and  floor  of  joists. 
3_Carrying  up  the  walls  to  the  requisite  height  to  receive  the 
roof  ^3. 

Assuming  the  date  of  commencement  given  to  be  approximately 
correct,  we  then  tiud  the  Committee  exactly  twelve  months  after  referring 
to74:— 

"  The  very  slow  progress  making  in  the  erection  of  the  Viuilding." 
and  instructing  their  Honorary  Secretary  (Lieut.  R.  Lynd,  R.N.)  to  : — 

"  Address  a  letter  to  the  Colonial  Secretary  [Honorable  E.  Deas  Thomson] 
complaining  of  this  delay,  and  soliciting  the  interference  of  the 
Governor ' '  ! 

In  this  letter  occurs  the  following  passage  : — 

"  The  Committee  would  desire  to  o))serve  to  you  that  this  building  was  com- 
meuce.l  in  .January  last  year  [i.e..  184f)J.  That  the  Architect,  Mr.  Lewis, 
himself  a  Member  of  the  Committee  was  fully  aware  how  desirable  it  was, 
that  the  work  should  be  brought  to  an  early  completion  and,  in  fact,  that 
he  had,  to  meet  the  earnest  wishes  of  the  Committee  distinctly  promised, 
that  a  portion  of  the  buikling  should  be  available  for  the  purposes  of  the 

Museum,  by  the  end  of  October  last Up  to  the  present  the 

building  has  progressed  but  little  beyond  the  ba.sement"5. 

That  is  to  say,  in  practically  twelve  months  only  the  fouudatit)ns  and 
basement  had  been  completed,  or  Contract  1  and  part  of  o.  The  letter 
concluded  by  detailing  some  of  the  difficulties  under  which  the  Institution 
ccintinued  to  labour. 


'■-  These    wooden  hardwoo'l  girders  are  as  good  to-day  as  that  on   which  they 
were  placed  in  position. 

"3  Letter  from  Colonial  Architect  to  Colonial  Secretary,  Otli  April,  1847. 

'^  Minutes,  27th  March,  1847. 

T5  Letter  47/2709,  31st  March,  1847. 


358  RECORDS    OP   THE    ACS^TRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

The  Colonial  Secretary's  reply,  bearing  date  17tli  April,  IS-iV, 
covered  an  explanation''^  by  the  Colonial  Architect,  a  lengthy  document 
giving  measui-ements  and  details  of  work  done,  and  from  which  we  gather 
that  the  building  had  progressed  but  little  beyond  the  basement. 

Up  to  the  25th  May,  1847,  the  cost  had  amounted  to  £1,028/14/8, 
thus"  : — 

In  184fi.     For  Excavation  and  Masonry        £(ii-i     0     4 

,,   1847.       ,,    Masonry  and  Thnber  .."  384  14     4 

^1,028  14     8 

leaving  unexpended  a  balance  of  £1,971/5/4  of  the  original  £3,000  voted, 
which  Mr.  Lewis  anticipated  would  be  enough  to  carry  up  the  walls  and 
roof  of  the  building. 

The  next  trouble  to  be  faced  by  the  Committee  was  that  of  money, 
as  we  learn  from  the  following  letter:  — 

Australian  Museum, 

(5th  June,  1847. 
Sir, 

By  direction  of  the  Committee  for  manaf^'iny  The  Australian  Museum 
I  have  the  honor  to  state  to  you  for  the  information  and  consideration  of 
His  Excellency  the  Governor,  that  from  a  statement  made  to  The  Com- 
mittee by  the  Colonial  Architect,  they  have  every  reason  to  Vielieve,  that 
the  sum  already  gi-anted  (^3,0(X))  for  the  erection  of  tht-  Museum  will  be 
entirely  expended  by  the  end  of  the  curi'ent  year,  at  which  time  the  body  of 
the  Building  will  have  been  carried  up  and  roofed  in,  agreeably  to  the  very 
exact  estimate  framed  by  Mr.  Lewis  at  the  commencement  of  the  Work. 
To  carry  out,  however,  the  original  design  adopted  by  The  Committee,  a 
further  svim,  estimated  by  Mr.  Lewis  at  ii2,000,  will  become  necessary, 
and,  accordingly.  The  Committee  respectfully  beg  that  His  Excellency 
would  be  pleased  to  direct  that  a  sum  to  that  amount  be  placed  upon  the 
Estimates  of  The  Public  Expenditure  now  about  to  be  laid  before  the 
Legislature,  for  this  service. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be. 
Sir 

Your  most  obedient  humble  servant 

(Sgd.)  Robt.  Lynd, 

Honory.  Secretary. 

A  minute  attached  to  the  letter,  by  the  Colonial  Architect,  explained 
that  tlie  sum  voted  for  the  completion  of  the  design  would  have  siTfficed 
had  it  not  been  for  an  increased  wages  bill.  An  estimate  of  an  extra 
£1,000  was  given  as  the  sum  necessary  to  complete  "  the  interior  accord- 
ing to  the  original  plan;"  and  to  provide  an  internal  <rallery  and  extei'nal 
portico,  as  desired  b}-  the  Committee,  a  further  £1,000,  together  making 
the  sum  asked  for  by  Lieut.  Lynd. 

Both  the  gallery  (the  present  Mineralogical  Galleiy)  and  the  portico 
were  subsequently  erected  (PI.  xlvi.).  The  latter  was  still  in  existence 
when  1  joined  the  Museum  Staff  (PI.  xlvii.),and  beneath  it  my  predecessoi-, 
Dr.  K.  P.  Ramsay,  had  a  large  aviary.  This  portico  was  demolished  in 
1892,  when  the  North  Wing  was  enlarged. 


78  Letter  47/2888.  6th  April,  1847  ;  Minutes  17th  May,  1847. 
'"  Minutes,  25th  May,  1847  ;    Id.,  14th  September,  1847. 


THR    AnslRAI.lAN     Mi;SKIiM KAl;l,V     IIISTmn' KIFlKKlKCK.  IJSO 

Till'  request  I'oi'  an  t-xtia    t""i,<)<)(l  was   i-i't'iised  hy  His    I'lxccllciicy  (Sii- 
Charles  Fitzroy)  in  the  t'ollowinp  teniis"'^: — 

Colonial  Sc^cretary's  Ottif(> 

Sy'lncv,  24tli  .hiii.',  1847. 
Sir, 

I  luivc  tlie  hiiiior  to  acknowledge  receipt  <>f  yoiii-  li-tti-r  of  tlic  (illi 
Instant,  r('(iU('stin<^,  l>y  direction  of  the  Coinniittcc  for  inaiiai^in;^  tlie 
Australian  iMiisfuiii.  tliat  tin-  liirthcr  sum  of  JC2,()()()  may  be  ])lact'il  on  the 
Estimates  to  eomplett'  the  Museum  according  to  the  original  design. 
Having  laid  your  conununicati^)n  before  the  Governor,  I  am  desired  to 
infoi-m  you  that  His  Excellency  i-egrets  that  the  state  of  the  Finances  of 
the  Colony,  and  the  otlu'r  large  an<l  urgent  demands  upon  the  Kev<'nue, 
will  not  allow  of  His  entertaining,  at  prescuit,  a  recpiest  for  so  considerable 
a  sum  as  d£2,(XM)  in  aiMition  to  that  already  votcil  for  the  jjurjiose. 
I  have  tht^  honor  to  b(^ 
Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  servant, 
Robert  Lynd,  Esq.  for  the  Colonial  Secretary, 

Honorary  Secretary  (Sgd.)  W.  Elyard,  Junr. 

to  the  Committee  for 
Managing  the 

Australian  Muscnim. 

At  tlie  same   time  the  yeai'ly  allowance   was  increased   to   £800  for 
general  pui-poses''^. 

Undismayed  by  those    rebuffs,  the   Committee  again  I'esolved,  on   tlie 
14th  September  : — 

"  That  the  pressing  necessity  for  further  sui)port   should  be  again  V)rought 
under  the  notice  of  the  Governor." 

and  the  Honorary  Secretaiy  was  instructed  to  ask  for  a  further  £1,000 
(instead  of  £2,000  as  before).  This,  however,  was  refused  by  letter  of 
2lst  September: — 

"As  the  financial  arrangements  for  the  present  year  are  closed,  but  if  the 
improved  state  of  the  Revenue  will  admit  of  it,  a  sum  will  be  placed  on 
the  Supplementary  Estimates." 

By  the  30th    November,   1847,  the   Colonial   Architect  leported   the 
walls  carried  up,  and  nearly  leady  to  receive  the  roof*^*^. 

The  request  for  the  £1,000  was  duly  honoured  as  will  be  seen  by  the 
following  : — 

Colonial  Secretary's  Oftice, 

Sydney,  10th  January,  1848. 
Sir, 

With  reference  to  your  letter  of  14th  September  last,  requesting  that 
by  direction  of  the  Committee  of  the  Australian  Museum  a  further  grant 
of  one  thousand  pounds  in  aid  of  the  funds  for  the  erection  of  the 
Building ;  and  to  my  reply  of  the  21st  of  the  same  month,  stating  that  the 
Governor  could  not    then  accede  to  the  above  request  as  the  Financial 


'8  Also  Minutes,  14th  September,  1847. 

™  Minutes,  4th  December,  1847. 

»o  Letter  No.  47/9442.  This  money,  voted  in  1847  "  for  the  completion  of  the 
building,"  the  Committee  subsequently  comjilained  was  employed  in  "raising  the 
walls." 


360  RECORDS    OP   TUR    AUSTRALIAN"    MUSEUM. 

arrangements  for  the  year  1847  were  closed,  I  am  now  desired  by  His 
Excellency  to  inform  you  that  a  vote  of  .£1,000  as  a  further  sum  "for  the 
ei-ection  of  the  Public  Museum  at  Sydney"  was  subsequently  proposed 
and  agreed  to  by  the  Legislative  Council. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be. 
Sir, 

your  most  obedient  servant, 
Robert  Lynd,  Esq.,  for  the  Colonial  Secretary, 

Honorary  Secretary  W.  Elyard,  Junr. 

to  the  Committee  of 

The  Australian  Museum. 

In  October,  18-t7,  Lient.  R.  Lynd  found  it  necessaiy  to  resign  the 
Honorary  Secretarj'-ship.  His  last  attendance  at  a  meeting  was  on  12th 
October.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  George  E.  Turner,  who  became 
a  committeeman  in  1845,  and  at  once  assumed  the  duties. 

It  is  always  interesting  to  ascertain  when  customs  or  metliods  of 
procedure,  still  existing,  tirst  came  into  force.  Thus,  the  first  indication 
of  that  most  valuable  adjunct  to  Museum  display  and  scientific  investiga- 
tion, moulding  and  casting,  otherwise  replica  work,  appeared  as  early  as 
1848,  when  :— 

"  The  Committee  ordered  the  sum  of  sixteen  pounds  to  be  paid  to  Mr.  Circuit 
for  making  several  casts  of  the  bones  of  a  Diprotodon  discovered  and 
brought  to  Sydney  by  Mr.  Turner,  of  the  Darling  Downs'*'." 

The  Presiding  Officer  at  a  now-a-day's  Board  is  styled  the  Pi-esident. 
This  title  appeared  for  the  first  time  in  Api-il,  1848,  but  not  coupled  witli 
the  name  of  any  of  those  present  at  the  meeting^"-.  The  matter  was 
evidently  revived  again  in  1852,  when  Dr.  George  Witt  moved  that  a 
"  President  of  this  Committee  "  be  appointed  for  the  yeai-  1858*^-^  This, 
however,  does  not  appear  to  have  been  acted  on,  as  the  word  "Chairman," 
or  "in  the  Chair"  continued  to  be  used  as  heretofore. 

For  some  years  during  the  term  of  office  of  my  pi'edecessor.  Dr.  E. 
P.  Ramsay,  dredging  in  Port  Jackson  was  tlie  order  of  the  day  at  least 
once  a  week.  This  time  honoured  custom  was  tirst  inaugurated  during 
Curator  Wall's  XMile,  as  it  is  recorded  on  the  Minutes  of  21st  September, 
1848,  that  :— 

"  Mr.  Wall  was  then  authorised  to  purchase  a  dredging  machine  for  the  use  of 
the  Museum,  the  expense  not  to  exceed  two  pounds." 


**!  Minutes,  26th  February,  1848.  The  Diprotodon  remains  in  question  were 
thus  i-efcn-red  to  liy  tlie  Kev.  W.  B.  Clarke:  — "  In  the  year  1847  Mr.  Turner.,  a  settler 
on  the  Downs,  brought  to  Sydney  a  large  collection  of  bones  dug  up  from  the  banks 
of  King's  Creek,  and  together  with  Dr.  Leichhardt  and  Mr.  Wall,  of  the  Australian 
Museum,  I  assisted  in  putting  together  such  as  corresjjond.  The  result  of  our  labour 
was  the  construction  of  the  head  of  a  Diprotodon  of  such  enormous  propoi'tions.  that 
it  measured  foiu-  feet  in  length  from  the  frontal  bones  to  the  occiput  "  —  New  South 
Wales  Geological  Surveys,  Report  No.  x.  {Vntes  ntnl  Piorei'iliiKjn,  I8ii',])  p.  5.  An 
extended  account  was  also  given  in  tlie  "  AjipciKlix  to  Report  No.  x.."  Nos.  1-5, 
pp.  11-17.  The  original  collection  made  V)y  Mr.  Turner  was,  Mr.  Clarke  said,  "sold 
1<)  Mr.  Boyd."  Nt)W  Sir  Ricliard  Owen  records  the  sale  in  London  "  of  a  series  of 
Australian  Fossils  sent  to  Loudon  from  Sydney  l>y  a  Mr.  Boyd,"  and  among  these 
was  the  head  of  a  Diiirotoilmi  (Phil.  Trans.,  clx.,  1870,  p.  521). 

»2  Minutes,  22nd  April,  1848. 

"3  Minutes,  ^Oth  October,  1852. 


THE    AFSTRAI.IAN     MI'SKt'M KAULY    HISTORY Kl'lIKIil  I'l;  K.  iUJl 

Tliei't'  was  no  lack  oi"  a|»|)li{'aiit.s  Idi'  flic  use  of  flic  "  lai'ge  i-ooni  ''  as  if 
iiearetl  ctmi|>letioii.  The  "  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  the  Fine  Arts  in 
Australia  "  held  its  summer  meeting'  there  witli  the  |)ermission  of  His 
Excellency  the  (io\"ernor-(Teneral''^*.  The  "  Austialasian  Botanical  and 
Horticultural  Society''  also  held  its  monthly  meetings  in  tlie  Ctjmnuttee 
Room  (now  the  Board  Room),  commencing  in  September,  1848^^.  But 
possibly  tlie  meeting  tliat  attracted  the  largest  amount  of  public  attention 
was  a  ball  given  in  "  Commemoration  of  the  first  Steam  Mail  communi- 
cation [R.M.S.  '  Chnsan ']  between  Great  Britain  and  Australia,"  and  the 
Museum  was  in  consequence  closed  for  a  month^'' !  Date  of  the  ball  was 
26th    August. 

In  these  early  days  tlie  contents  of  the  Australian  Museum  was  of  a 
dual  nature,  Natural  History  on  the  one  hand.  Fine  Arts  on  the  other.  The 
latter  consisted  of  "  Casts  from  the  Antique  "  presented  by  Sir  Charles 
Nicholson  in  November,  1849^''.  The  walls  of  the  Committee  Room  (the 
present  Board  Room)  were  ordered  to  be  painted  dark  red  as  a  set-off  to 
the  white  statuary'^''.  Later  this  was  amplified  by  a  purchase  for  £320 
of  other  pieces  from  a  Mr.  Nichol  in  1852'^-*.  These  were  placed  in  the 
"great  hall,"  but  iu  July,  1858,  their  removal  became  necessary  during 
the  erection  of  a  contemplated  gallery  around  this  i-oom  ;  further,  at  this 
date  the  replicas  were  not  paid  forgot 

Through  the  disastrous  ending  of  the  Kennedy  Expedition  to  Cape 
Yoz'k  in  1848,  the  services  of  Mr.  T.  Wall,  as  Collector,  were  lost^^ ;  he  was. 
appointed  in  April,  1848.  When  it  was  determined  to  fit  out  an  Expedition 
to  Shelbourne,  or  Weymouth  Bay,  to  seai'cli  for  any  chance  survivors,  it 
was  contemplated  by  the  Trustees  to  send  the  Curator,  Mr.  W.  S.  Wall, 
as  one  of  the  party  to  endeavour  to  recover  any  objects  of  Natural 
History  collected  by  his  brother^^^  ^3^^;  i\^q  suggestion  fell  through^^^ 

About  this  time  the  Director  of  the  Botanic  Gardens  (Mr.  Charles 
Moore)  was  asked  to  lay  out  and  plant  the  ground  in  front  of  the 
Museum.  From  Mr.  Moore's  predilection  for  that  scourge  of  gardens,  the 
Moreton  Bay  Fig,  this  occurrence  probabh'  marks  the  date  of  planting  of 
the  tx'ees  but  recently  I'emoved^^. 

A  study  of  the  "  Minutes  "  of  this  period,  aided  by  the  perusal  of 
documents    preserved   in   the   Museum   archives,   and   elsewhere,    plainly 


"■^  Document  B.  10.48 

^■'  Minutes,  24th  Sejit,  1848. 

19.52 

>*«  Minutes,  lltli  Aug.  1852;  Document  A.  

2 
30.49 

•*'   Document  C. 

4 
«8  Minutes,  (ith  Oct.,  1849. 

««  Minutes,  24th  Oct.,  1852;   Letter-book,  i.,  p.  126. 
«"  Minutes,  ;«)th  July,  1858. 
»i   Minutes,  17th  March,  1849. 

«■''  Mmutes,  17th  March,  1849;  Letter-book,  i.,  p.  94. 

10.49 

«:'  Minutes,  24th  March,  1849;    Document  B.B. 

1 
'■'■^  Minutes,  2()th  May,  1849. 


362  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

reA^eals  the  growing  dissatisfaction  on  the  part  of  the  Committee  at  the 
slow  progress  made  b\"  the  Contractors,  nature  of  tlie  work  done,  and  the 
excess  of  cost  over  estimate.  This  was  exphained  by  Mr.  Lewis  as  due  to 
the  advance  in  wages  and  cost  of  material  ovei^  those  ruling  in  1845.  The 
items  of  excess  were  thus  shown : — 

"  Orijxinal  Estimate  .£3000 

Additional  masonry  in  basement  ...  ...  ...    .£588 

Increased  rate  of  wages  and  materials  ...  ...     2250  2838 

^5838  " 

So  grave,  indeed,  had  matters  become  in  connection  with  the  erection 
of  this  edifice  that  they  came  under  the  notice  of  the  Executive  Conucil : — 

"  Summary  of  Proceedings  of  the  Executive  Council  on  the  22ud  May,  1849, 
relative  to  the  Estimates  prepared  by  the  Colonial  Architect  for  building 
the  Cemetery  Wall  and  the  Museum."    Minute  Nos.  49/21." 

After  the  perusal  of  documents  and  examination  of  witnesses,  tlie 
Council  recorded  its  opinion  in  these  words.      Tlie  estimates  : — 

"  for  the  building  in  question,  and  especially  for  the  Cemetery  WaU,  were 
prepared  loosely  and  without  taking  into  consideration  the  nature  of  the 
ground  on  which  they  were  to  he  erected.  It  is  also  clear  that  the 
Colonial  Architect  was  fully  aware  that  the  cost  of  the  buildings  at  the 
rate  at  which  the  first  contracts  were  taken  would  vastly  exceed  that  stated 
in  his  estimate,  but  that  he  did  not  m  any  way  bring  this  fact  under  the 
notice  of  tlie  Government  when  the  acceptance  of  the  Tenders  was  under 
consideration,  so  far  as  to  afford  any  ojiportunity  of  deferring  the  com- 
mencement of  the  work  until  the  increased  expenditure  should  have  been 
sanctioned  by  the  Legislative  Council.  In  these  particulars  at  least  the 
Council  are  of  opinion  that  the  conduct  of  the  Colonial  Architect  was 
highly  reprehensible,  and  that  His  Excellency  the  Governor  would  he 
pleased  to  instruct  the  Colonial  Architect  to  furnish  detailed  statements 
of  expenses  incurred  in  the  construction  of  the  Museum,  from  the  first 
commencement  up  to  the  present  day,  such  accounts  to  be  thawn  up  in  the 
usual  form  of  a  debtor  and  creditor  account." 

In  tlie  meantime  (1st  September,  1849)  the  Committee  deputed  a 
few  of  the  members  to  wait  u])on  the  Governor  (Sir  Cliai-les  A.  Fitzroy) 
to  urge  upon  His  Kxeellency  the  immediate  necessity  of  a  further  grant  of 
£1,000  to  complete  the  roof. 

On  6th  September,  1849,  the  Colonial  Secretary  (Honorable  E.  Ueas 
Thomson)  addressed  a  letter  to  the  Committee  expressing  tlie  wish  of  the 
Governor: — 

"That  the  Museum  Committee  should  form  themselves  into  a  Board  to 
ascertain  the  amount  of  the  debt  which  had  been  incurred  in  the  erection 
of  the  Colonial  Museum  over  and  above  the  sum  voted  by  the  Legislative 

Council of  the  work  actually  performed  whether  it  tallied 

witli  the  vouchers  and  accounts  sent  in  by  the  (Toverninent.  and  to  report 
what  amount  may  })e  justly  due  to  the  Contractors,  as  well  as  the  sum 
that  will  l)e  nnpiirc'd  in  excess  of  the  Supplementary  Vote  for  1849  and  the 
Vote  for  18r)0,  to  i)lace  the  l)uil<ling  in  such  a  state  as  tc  secure  it  from 
damage  from  bad  weather." 

A  statement  of  the  sums  (lisl)iii\se(i,  in  accordance  with  the  above, 
was  duly  furnished  by  the  Colonial  .Aicliitect  on  the  lOtli  September,  and 
by   the    Auditor   (Mr.    William     Mtligow)    on    the    Tith    September.      In 


TUF.    AI'SIKAI.IAN     MUSKI'M KAl.'I.V     HISTORY KTIIKKI  !•• :  K.  803 

conronnily  with  ilif  Covenu.r's  dcsiic  tlic  Coimnittee  lost  no  time  in 
fonnin^  its  "  Hoanl,"  iui.l  at  liist  appfa.'  to  liave  conttMiii.Iated  employiupr 
Mr.  K.'^T.  lilackft  to  conanct  investigations  on  its  heliall',"''  hut  at  its  next 
meeting  the  nan\es  of  .Nfessrs.  Ilobertson  and  Dner  were  Kuhstitiited-"-. 

i  liave  beloi-e  me  only  the  draft  of  the  lettei-  eojiveying  this  infor- 
nuition,  signed  by  Mr.  William  Sliai'p  Maoleay,  to  the  t;oloni;il  Srcivtaiy. 
Ill  tliis  Mr.  Macleay  says  : — 

'•Tlic  Coininittt't'  rctVmvd  thi>  cxiiiiiination  and  valuation  ..f  tlif  works  don.- 
ill  tlif  MiistMiiii  toj.-etht"r  with  tlu"  flaiiiis  of  th.-  varit.ns  Conlractors  to  two 
professional  <^('ntU'nien,  Messrs.  RolxTtson  and  Ducr." 

On  the  21st  September,  1849,  the  Rev.  G.  K.  Turner  was  informed 
an  additional  £500  had  been  placed  on  the  Supplementary  Estimates  and 
voted,  but  must  await  the  result  of  the  investigation  of  the  claims  against 
the  Government  then  going  on"".  This  was,  as  the  Committee  expressed 
it  :— 

"for  roofing  in  the  Building  and  protecting  their  Collections  from  exposure  to 
the  weather." 

Apparently  it  was  paid  some  time  early  in  1850. 

A  document  bearing  date  2:-)rd  October,  1849,  gives  the  amounts  so 
far  voted  for  the  building  as  revealed  by  the  "  Appropriation  "  Acts,  and 
the  dates  of  the  assent  to  those  Acts,  to  be  as  follows : — 

8th  June,   184o  =£3,000 

2nd  October,  1847 l''***** 

Kith  June,  1848         1.5^^^ 

^5,500 
A  detailed  statement  of  expenses  prepared  by  Mr.  Lewis,  and 
furnished  bv  the  Colonial  Secretary,  17tli  Octobei',  1849,  informs  us  that 
from  OctoDer,  1846,  to  November,  1848,  the  cost  had  amounted  to 
£5,485/13/9,  and  that  to  complete  the  roof  (i.e.,  to  the  original  plan)  a 
further  sum  of  £267/9/4  was  required. 

The  report  of  Messrs.  Robertson  and  Duer  bearing  date  5th  October, 
1849,  is  a  very  lengthy  technical  document  that  would  be  of  little  or  no 
interest  to  readers  of  this  account,  but  all  that  is  necessary  can  be 
gathered  from  the  "Report  of  the  Australian  Museum  Board  "  founded 
on  the  above,  and  dated  26th  October^*'. 

The  Board  stated.  Inter  (dla,  that  the  construction  of  the  building,  as 
it  then  stood,  differed  in  several  respects  from  that  formerly  approved  by 
the  Committee,  more  particularly  in  having  a  central  dome  or  cupola 
(PI.  xlvi.)  ;  a  recapitulation  of  the  matters  accounting  for  the  various  sums 
of  money  asked  for'  and  their  disbursement.  The  Committee  concluded 
this  portion  of  the  "Board's"'  Report  by  suggesting  that  all  future  sums 
should  be  placed  "  under  their  sole  control^^." 

95  Minutes,  8th  September,  1849;   Letter-hook,  i.,  p.  102. 

«fi  Minutes,  15th  September,  1849. 

!'"  Document,  No.  49/254. 

«><  Document,  49/10513,  31st  October,  1849. 

»«  Also  in  a  letter  of  20th  August,  1849  (Letter  Book,  i.,  p.  98.) 


364  RECORDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MDSEUM. 

At   this   peiidd   tlie  Museum   Committee  consisted    of  tlie   following 
pi'ominent  citizens  :  — 

William  John  Macleay,  Esq. 

Georjjje  Macleay,  Esq. 

William  Macarthur,  Esq. 

Charles  Nicholson,  M.D. 

Captain  P.  P.  King,  K.N. 

Geoi'i^e  Bennett,  Esq. 

Mortimer  W.  Lewis,  Esq. 

Archibald  Shanks,  M.D. 

Statf-Surgeon  Loftns  Hartwell 

Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke,  M.A. 

Rev.  Robert  Lethbridge  King,  B.A. 

John  Mitchell,  M.D. 

Rev.  George   E.  Turner,  Hon.  Secretary 

John  Bidwell,  Esq. 

It  may  not  be  uninteresting   to  reproduce  here   a   facsimile  of  the 
proclamation  appointing  the  First  Committee  in  1836^00  (^Yig  12). 


Colonial  Sc'crtiar!/\^  Oj/ict, 

Sydney  \4lli  Juncj  18'JO. 

HIS  Excellency  the  Governor  directs  it  to 
be  notified  that  the  following   Gentlemen 
have  been  appointed  "  A  Commit  tee  or  Super- 

INTEDENCE     OF    THE  x\uSTRALIAN   MuSEUM    AND 

BoTANicAti  Garden,"  viz.: — 

The  lIoNORABT.E  Alexander  M'Leay,  Esq. 

Sir  John  Jamison,  K.G.V. 

Phillip  Parker  King,  Esq. 

William  Macarthur,  Esq. 

John  Vaughan  Thompson,  Esq. 

Charles  Sturt,  Esq. 

Edward  Deas  Thomson,  Esq. 

George  Porter,  Esq. 

RoB^ulT  Andrew  Wauch,  Esq.,  and 

George  M'Leay,  Esq. 

By  His  Excellaicy\s  Commmid^ 

ALEXANDER  JNPLEAY. 


Pig.   12. 


""  (Tovernuiont  Gazette,  18Sfi,  p.  451, 


IHK    Al'STRAl.IAN     MI'SKl^M EAUl.Y     IIISKO.'V ETH  KIM  1><;K.  865 

The  result  of  Messrs.  Robertsun  uiul  Duel's  iiive.stigiitioiis  whs 
briefly  as  follows  : — 

••  Payments  liy  <^i'l"»iiil  ''''''"i>^'"'.V  ,£u,5()5   17      1 

Outstandintj;  flaiins  line""  l.fiJO     1      -^ 

XT,  145  18      I 

Work  don.' and  materials  siippli.-d  r),228ir)     :< 

Surchai-e  -^I'Ql?     =^     1 

or  a  sum  actually  overpaid  by  the  Treasury  .d  1-J77/1 1/TO,  which  "will 
more  than  meet  the  expense  of  placing  on  the  building  a  root'  with  sky 
lights." 

The  Committee  then  proceeded  ti)  pass  very  caustic  remarks  on  the 
uncertain,  if  not  wilfully  confused  manner  in  which  claims  are  made  on 
the  Colonial  Treasury  ;  the  shortcomings  of  the  respective  Contractors  ; 
extra  charge  for  materials  over  contract  price  ;  mateinal  totally  un- 
accounted for ;  non-delivery  of  material  charged  for  in  accounts  ;  wages 
expended  on  non-existent  workmen,  etc. 

In  reading  the  minutes  and  documents  of  this  period,  the  mind  of 
the  reader  cannot  divest  itself  of  (he  othcial  misunderstandings  that  seem 
to  have  existed  between  the  Museum  Committee  and  the  Colonial 
Architect  on  the  one  hand,  and  between  the  latter  and  his  official  superiors 
on  the  other  hand.  In  fact,  this  is  evident  from  the  tone  of  a  letter  from 
William  Sharp  Macleay,  the  Chairman  of  the  aforementioned  Board, 
bearing  date  26th  October,  1849.  The  length  and  redundancy  of  this 
document,  and  also  the  fact  that  it  is  in  many  ways  a  recapitulation  of 
what  has  gone  before,  renders  its  transcription  here  unnecessary. 

As  if  all  these  contrarieties  were  not  sufficient,  differences  arose 
between  the  Committee  and  their  advising  architects  as  to  the  matter  of 
payment  of  the  latter's  costs.  An  "  Action  of  Debt  "  was  entered  in  the 
Supreme  Court,  the  nominal  defendants  being  the  Rev.  G.  E.  Turner  and 
W.  Sharp  Macleay^*^-.  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  exactly  how  this 
action  ended,  but  apparently  it  was  ultimately  settled  by  arbitration,  Mr. 
W.  M.  Manning  (His  Honor  Sir  W.  M.  Manning)  being  the  arbiter. 

On  the  3rd  June,  1850,  the  Rev.  G.  B.  Turner  wrote  to  the  Colonial 
Secretary  asking  that^os  : — 

"The  whole  of  the  unoccupied  land  within  the  present  enclosure  on  the  south 
and  west  sides  of  that  portion  which  has  been  allotted  for  the  erection  of 
the  National  School"  [Yurong  Street  Public  School  now] 

might  be  added  to  the  Museum  grant.  This  was  acceded  to  by  His 
Excellency,  Sir  C.  A.  Fitzroy,  and  the  Committee  informed  accordingly 
on  16th  July,  1850io*. 


""   Distributed  over  four  Contractors  (Document  49/10513,  :31st  October,  1849; 
Letter-book,  i.,  p.  107.) 

i"-i  Letter  No. 50/525,  i;Uli  Au;4usl,  1850. 
ii):i  Letter-book,  i.,  p.  113. 
lu*  Document,  50/5373. 


366  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEDM. 

Even  at  the  beginning  of  1850  tlie  roof  liad  not  been  completed,  for 
ou  30th  March  of  that  year  it  was  resolved  that : — 

"  Mr.  Blacketio^  be  requested  to  inspect  the  roof  and  report  generally  to  the 
Committee  as  to  the  best  mode  of  completing  the  sky-lights." 

At  the  same  meeting  the  Honorary  Secretary  announced  the  receipt 
of  £990/5/-  from  the  Government  "  towards  the  completion  of  the  Roof, 
etc.^*'*'"  Mr.  E.  T.  Blacket  was  instructed  on  8rd  August  to  prepare  plans 
and  specifications  "  for  the  completion  of  the  Building^*^'^."  The  tender  of 
a  Mr.  Iiider  (£794/5/-)  was  accepted  on  12th  October,  1850i'>«.  It  is 
clear  that  even  before  the  completion  of  the  roof  the  minds  of  the 
Committeemen  were  occupied  with  tlie  question  of  fittings  for  the  room, 
which  afterwards  became  known  as  the  "  (3hl  Hall,"  a  Sub-Committee, 
consisting  of  Dr.  Charles  Nicholson,  and  Messrs.  W.  J.  Macleay  and  E.  T. 
Blacket,  being  appointed  for  the  purpose^os. 

Mr.  Edmund  Thomas  Blacket,  referred  to  above,  the  second  Colonial 
Architect,  successor  to  Mr.  Mortimer  William  Lewis,  was  appointed 
Committeeman  in  March,  1851ii*^,  and  into  his  hands  passed  the 
structural  work  of  the  Museum  foi'  the  time  being. 

At  this  time  came  to  an  end  the  connection  between  the  Museum  and 
the  Botanic  Garden,  a  resolution  to  the  effect  that  the  "  Committee 
should  be  relieved  from  the  present  reference  to  it "  (i.e.,  the  Gardens) 
having  been  passed  on  I5th  November,  185im.  This  was  communicated 
to  tlie  Colonial  Secretaiy  two  days  lateral-.  The  latter  replied  ou  the 
28rdii'^  granting  the  request  and  saying  : — 

"  His  Excellency  [Sir  C.  A.  Fitzroy]  is  fully  sensible  of  the  advantage  which 
has  been  hitherto  derived  from  your  connection  with  it." 

In  pursuance  of  the  selection  of  a  Fittings  Committee  the 
Honorary  Secretary  was  instructed  on  the  26th  June,  1852,  to  apply  for 
the  insertion  of  £8,000  on  the  Supplementary-  Estimates!^*. 

An  extraordinaiy  request  was  received  from  the  Secretary  to  the 
University  of  Sydney,  by  direction  of  the  Vice- Provost  asking  for  a 
conference  between  Committees  of  the  Senate  and  Museum  respectively 
with : — 


'""'  Mr.   E.   T.   Ulacket  ha<l  in  tlic  iiicantiiix'  succeeded  Mr.    M.   W.    Lewis    as 

Colonial  Arcliitcct. 

i"'i  Minutes,  »)lh  Mai(;li,   lh.")(». 

'"'  Minutes,  ibid. 

'"^  Minutes,   I2th  Ortd.cr.   IS.V). 

'""  Miiuiti^s.  8th  F<<hru;uy,   IS.")!. 

""  DocuiMcnt,  ;<r<l  Marcli.   I8.")l. 

Ill  Minutes,  l.")th  NovciiiIht,  IS.M. 

1I-'  better-hook,  i..  p.  117. 

ii:i  DdcuMient,  rjl/lOHiin. 

II'  Miiuilcs.  Jfilh  .Inn.-,   IS.'iJ;    LcUci-1hm.I<,  i..  p.  lj:j.' 


IHK    AU^^'I'RAI.IAN     MTSKIM KAK'I.V     IIISKH.'V K  HI  KHI  im  ;k.  'A(^7 

"  A  view  of  iiscortiiiiiinj^-  ii[hiii  what  Icrms  tlu'  Muscuiii  ami  i^-idiimls  iiii;^dit  lie 
transferred  to  the  University,  and  of  course  to  uscertain  primarily  wlictiier 
any  proposition  would  In-  entertaineil  liy  tlu^  Committee  of  the  Museum." 

Tlu'  Committee's  ivply  was  l)ii('r  and  to  tlu;  jjiii'pose  : — 

"  It  was  unanimously  resolved  tliat  its  aeeejilanec  would  In-  dct riiiH'iital  to  llic 
interests  of  the  Museum,  whilst,  umreover,  it  is  one  which  the  tJommittee, 
under  its  present  constitution,  is  not  competent  to  entertain"''." 

Tlirougli  a  letter  from  the  Rev.  (i.  K.  'i'ui'iuT  (o  tlie  ('oloiiial  Sccrctai  \ , 
of  IStli  Mai'fli,  1852,  we  leani  that  at  that  date  (lie  buihliii^'  was  actually 
Hnislied.      There  occurs  tins  expression  : — 

"  Now  that  the  buihlin^-  is  complete'"'." 

Ur.  John  Smith,  the  tirst  Professor  of  Chemistry  at  the  Sydney 
University,   was    appointed  a   member   of   the   Committee   in   November, 

185211". 

As  to  the  abtjve  £8,000  for  casing  the  Governor  expressed  his 
unwillingness  to  graut  so  large  a  sumii*^,  to  which  the  Committee  replied  : — 

"  That  he  would  have  the  goodness  to  cause  any  sum  which  he  may  think 
sufficient  to  be  placed  on  the  Supplementary  Estimates." 

Before  the  question  of  fittings  could  be  taken  into  serious  consider- 
ation the  erection  of  a  gallery  and  railing  became  necessary.  For  these 
the  Government  provided  <£500ii9,  and  in  July  a  tender  for  £890  from 
Mr.  Abbott  for  building  the  gallery  was  accepted i-*^*.  To  enable  this  to  be 
carried  out  successfully  the  "  Old  Hall  "  was  stripped  of  "  all  objects  of 
Art  and  Natural  History,"  and  the  room  closed  to  the  publici-i.  The 
railing  surrounding  this  gallery  was  to  cost  £2101^2. 

The  death  of  John  Carue  Bidwell,  Esq.,  a  member  of  Committee,  was 
reported  on  the  2nd  April,  1858l-■^ 

The  year  1858  was  a  momentous  one  in  the  histoi'y  of  the  Museum. 
It  was  in  July  of  that  year  that  the  Rev.  G.  E.  Turner  retired  from  the 
position  of  Honorary  Secretary'.  His  place  being  taken  by  Mr.  George 
French  Angas,  who,  on  the  80th  July,  was  appointed  Secretai'y  and 
Accountant.      The    interval     between    the     retirement    of    one    and    the 


H'  Letter-book  i.,  p.  119;   Minutes  2r)th  January,  1852. 

"«  Letter-book  i.,  p.  12:}. 

iiv  Document  B.  10..'32. 

"«  Minutes,  2-ith  July,  1852. 

"9  Minutes,    7th    May,    1853;     Letter-book    i.,    p.    127.      (Also    Minutes,    8th 
September,  1849;   l(3th  February,  1850.) 

1-'"  Minutes,  2nd  and  9th  July,  185:i. 

i-ii  Mmutes,  9th  July,  185;^. 

'-- 

1-3  Minutes,  2nd  April,  185:5. 


368  RKCOKDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

appointment  of  the  other  was  tilled  by  Dr.  George  Witt,    who  had  been   a 
member  of  Committee  since  1852,  acting  as  Honorary-  Secretaiy^-K 

The  year  1853  also  saw  the  abolition  of  the  Committee  System  of 
administration,  and  the  establishment  of  a  body  of  Trustees  under  an  Act 
of  Incorporation.  I  think  the  Hrst  step  towards  the  consummation  of 
this  very  desirable  proceeding  took  place  on  the  8th  February,  1851, 
when  the  following  members  of  Committee  : — 

"  Were  appointed  a  Sub-Coniinittee  to  consider  and  report  upon  the  best  means 
to  lie  adopted  for  anielioratin>^  the  Constitution  of  the  Connnittee  of 
Management  of  the  Australian  Museum  and  Botanic  Garden,  viz.,  Dr. 
Nicholson,  E.  Deas  Thomson,  and  W.  [Sharp]  Macleay,  Esqrs. '-•"'" 

As  a  result  of  the  appointment  of  the  above  Sub-Coniniittee  it  was 
proposed  ou  the  4th  December,  1852,  b}'  Captain  [Admiral]  P.  P.  King, 
R.N.,  and  seconded  by  Hon.  [Sir]  William  Macarthur  that : — 

"  A  Sub-Committee  be  appointed  to  consider  the  propriety  of  applying  to  His 
Excellency  the  Governor  General  requesting  that  His  Excellency  will  1)« 
pleased  to  introduce  a  Bill  into  the  Legislative  Council  during  its  next 
Session  having  for  its  oV)ject  tlie  Incorporati<:>n  of  the  Institution  and  the 
investment  of  the  Building  and  other  property  belonging  to  it  as  Trustees, 
to  be  nominated  in  the  first  instance  by  His  Excellency'-''." 

On  the  1st  January,  1853,  the  above  gentlemen  made  their  report  to 
the  Committee  of  Management,  a  very  lengthy  and  comprehensive 
document,  of  which  the  following  is  one  of  the  most  important 
paragraph  s^^?  : — 

"  They  have  had  under  consideration  the  Constitutions  of  the  most  dis- 
tinguished Public  Museums  in  Europe,  and  have  found  that  these  may 
all  be  resolved  into  two  classes,  to  wit,  those  wliich  are  governed  chiefly 
by  A  du^inistrators  of  rank  or  political  influence,  and  tliose  which  are 
administered  by  Professors  of  Science  or  Literature.  The  British 
Museum  may  be  taken  as  a  fair  type  of  the  former  class,  and  the  Janliti 
des  Plantes  at  Paris  of  the  latter." 

The  report  then  descsribed  in  gi-eat  detail  the  constitutions  of  these 
Institutions,  and  continued  : — 

'•  Your  Sub-Conunittee  therefore  j)ropose  tliat  the  system  of  the  British 
Museum,  as  it  has  been  lately  modified  in  pursuance  of  the  suggestions 
contained  in  the  Kejtort  of  the  Connnittee  of  Parliament  before  alluded  to 
should  be  adopted  as  far  as  pos.sible  by  tlie  .Australian  Museum.  They 
would  even  recommend  the  a})pointnient  hereafter  by  a  special  Act  of 
Council  of  a  Family  Trustee,  whenevei'  any  remarkably  nnmificent 
donation  or  Ijequest  shall  have  been  made  to  the  Museum  ;  and  they 
venture  to  make  this  reconnnendation,  not  only  because  members  of  the 
family  of  a  donor  usually  watch,  with  advantage  to  the  institution,  over 
the  fulfilment  of  any  contract  or  conditions  as  to  the  preservation  of  the 
objects  so  given  or  bequeathed,  Vuit  still  more  on  account  of  its  having 
been  found  that  nothing  has  encouraged  liberality  towards  the   British 

'-J  Minutes,  9th  and  ;^()th  July,  1853.  In  July  of  this  year  Museum 
"  Registers,"  or  as  they  were  tlieu  tenued  "Records  of  ( '(mtributions,"  were  first 
established  (Minutes,  aoth  July,  IHoli). 

i-''>  Minutes,  8th  February,   1851. 

'-«  Minutes,  4.th   December,   1852. 

.S5.5.S 
'-'  Minutes,  1st  January,  185:?;   Document,  B  — ■ — 

1 


IHK    Al'SIKAMAN     MI'SKIM KAHI.V     HlST(il!V Kill  Kl;  I  In  ;  K.  :U\'.) 

Museum  on  the  part  of  piivati-  indi\  idiials  s.i  inmli  as  tlitiir  foreknow  loilj^e 
tliat  a  iuouiIkm'  of  tlic  .loiior's  t'aiiiily  wmild  lia\c  tlif  sj)erial  privilt^f^e  ami 
l)0\vt>r  (if  wati'liiii'^f  over  llio  mannci'  in  wliicli  liis  intt'ntioii.s  iiii^^lit  lie 
carried  into  i-IIVid.  Within  (lio  last  ten  yt-ars  jji-operty  to  tlin  amount  <>f 
lialf  a    million    sterliii;^  is   statc^d  to   have  b«>('n    liestowcd  on  thn    liritisli 

Musoum Your  Sul>-('ommitteH  think  that  tliH  Secretary 

of  the  Museum  should  t>c  a  jiaiil  officer,  and  that  his  office  and  all 
subordinate  employments  should  l)e  in  the  »;ift  of  the  Trustees.  In  the 
present  infant  state  of  '  the  Australian  Museum'  it  is  presumed  that  its 
division  into  two  Departments,  each  under  the  superintendence  of  a 
Oiu-ator  would  be  sufficient — that  is,  a  Dei>artm(Mit  of  Science,  and  another 
of  Literatiu-e  and  Art " 

This  exceedingly  compi-elieiisive  repoi't  was  signed  by  Capt.  P.  P. 
King,  Mr.  W.  Sliarp  Macleay,  and  Ur.  George  Witt.  It  was  accompanied 
by  a  draft  of  : — 

"  A  Bill  to  incorporate  and  endow  the  Australian  Museum." 

On  the  loth  January,  18531-^,  the  Draft  was  adopted  by  tlie  Committee 
and  ordered  to  be  transmitted  to  the  Governoi'-Cieneral  [Sir  C.  A. 
Fitzroy].  It  was  duly  passed  by  the  Legislative  Council  on  2;)rd  June, 
1853,  and  signed  at  Government  House, on  4th  July,  1853,  the  signatories 
being  : — 

"Charles  Nicholson,  Speaker,  Wm.  Macpherson,  Clerk  of  the  Council,  and  Chs. 
A.  Fitz  Koy,  Governor  General' -*'." 

And  was  presented  to  the  now  Trustees  at  their  meeting  on  9th 
July,  185313^1 

This  Bill,  which  remained  intact  until  1902,  need  not  be  quoted  at 
length,  but  it  may  be  as  well  to  indicate  briefly  some  of  its  privileges  and 
the  absolute  control  of  their  own  affairs  it  conferred  on  the  Trustees  : — 
The  Body  Corporate  to  consist  of  twent^'-four  Trustees,  twelve  Official 
and  twelve  Elective  ;  vacancies  amongst  the  latter  moiety  to  be  tilled  by 
the  election  of  "  such  other  tit  and  proper  persons  "  b}'  the  general  body  ; 
five  to  form  a  quornmi-^i  .  j^q  power  to  alienate,  mortgage,  charge  or 
demise,  any  lands  or  tenements  without  the  consent  of  the  Governor  and 
Executive  Council  ;  permanent  endowment  of  £1,000  per  annum  ;  power 
to  appoint  and  dismiss  all  servants  of  the  Institution  ;  to  have  the  entii'e 
management  of  all  its  affairs,  conceinis  and  property ;  power  to  make, 
alter,  or  repeal  "  By-laws,  Rules  and  Orders  ;"  at  least  once  a  year,  or 
whenever  the  Governor  shall  signify  his  pleasure  to  that  effect,  "report 
their  proceedings^-^-,"  the  same  to  belaid  before  the  Legislative  CouiiciU'^^; 
and  accounts  of  expenditure  to  be  furnished  annually. 

i2«  Minutes,  13th  January,  1853. 

1-^9  Act  17,  Victoria  No.  ii.,  4th  July,  1853. 

ISO  Minutes,  9th  July,  1853. 

131  Still  the  rule.  The  first  record  of  an  election  mentioned  on  the  Minutes  was 
that  of  Committeeman  Dr.  Archibald  Shanks,  proposed  V)y  Dr.  Loftus  Ifartwell  to 
take  the  place  of  Dr.  W.  Dawson  (Minutes,  12th  August,  1848.) 

1S2  In  other  words  the  Annual  Report. 

13:!  Now  before  the  House  of  Assembly  and  Legislative  Council. 


870  RECORI^S    OF    TTTF    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

The  first  bod}'  of  Trustees  eoiisistetl  of  the  followinsf  o-entlemen^-'* : — 

Official. 

The  Chief  Justice   (Sir  Alfred  Stephen). 
,,     Colonial  Secretary   (Honoura))le  E.    Deas  Thomson) 
„     Attorney  General   (Honourable  John  Hul)ert  Plunkett) 
,.     Colonial  Treasurer   (Honourable  Campbell  Drummoncl  Riddell) 
Autlitor-General   (Francis  Lewis  Shaw  Merewether) 
Speaker.   Les^islative  Council   (Sir  Charles  Nicholson) 
Solicitor-General   (Honourable  William  Montague  Mannin^^) 
.,     Collector  of  Customs  (Honourable  John  George  Nathaniel  <{iblies) 

Surveyor-General   (Sir  Thomas  Livingstone  Mitchell) 
..     Colonial  Architect   (Edmund  Thomas   Blacket) 
„     President  Colonial  Medical  Board   (James  Mitchell,  M.D.) 
„     Crown  Trustee   (Honourable  Henry  Watson  Parker) 

Elective. 

Arthur  a' Beckett 

George  Bennett,  M.D. 

John  Carne  Bidwell 

William  Branwhite  Clarke,    A.M.,  Clerk. 

Captain  Phillip  Parker  King,  R.N. 

Robert  LethV>ridge  King,   A.B.,  Clerk 

William  Macarthur 

George  Macleay 

William  Sharp  Macleay 

John  Smith,   M.D. 

George  Edward  Turner,   B.C.L..  Clerk 

George  Witt,   M.D. 

The  Act  was  formally  presented  to  the  new  "  Body  Corporate  "  by 
the  Colonial  Secretary  on  9tli  Jul}',  1853,  when  tlie  Trustees  appointed  a 
Committee  of  the  same  three  gentlemen  (King,  Macleay,  and  Witt)  who 
had  previously  acted,  to  : — 

"  Draw  out  such  rules  and  regulations  as  may  be  immediately  required  for 
carrying  into  effect  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  Incorpoi'ation." 

The  Report  of  this  Committee  was  received  bj-  the  Board,  as  it  must 
henceforth  be  called,  on  the  ;-50th  -Tuly,  1853,  and  the  following  were  its 
recommendations^-'"'  :  — 

"  1.  That  regular  Meetings  of  the  Trustees  be  held  early  in  every  month. 

"  2.  That  at  every  such  meeting  an  account  shall  be  presented  and  entered  on 
the  Minutes  of  all  expenses  incurred  iluring  the  preceding  month 
includuig  all  salaries  and  wages  and  the  same  when  audited  and  fomid 
correct  shall  Vie  paid  by  cheque  or  cheques  drawn  on  the  Treasurer  and 
signed  by  not  less  than  two  Trustees. 

"  3.  'I'hat  the  Bank  of  New  South  Wales,  Sydney,  shall  be  appointed  the 
Treasurer  to  the  Trustees. 

"4.  That  at  every  monthly  meeting  the  pass-books  from  the  Bank  made  uj)  to 
the  day  shall  be  laid  on  the  table  and  the  amount  of  the  bahmce  in  hand 
entered  on  tlie  minutes  of  the  day. 

"  5.  That  Vouchers  for  all  jmyments  made  in  accordance  with  the  orders  of 
one  monthly  Board  be  presented  for  examination  at  each  succeeding 
meeting. 


'■'*  Minutes,   1st  January,    185.3  :    Act  of  Incoporation.   par. 
':'■■  Minutes,   :{(tth  July,   18.5;?.      Document  A.    10. ."iO^;? 


THK    AI'STRAMAN     MISKIM EAUI.V     HISKil.'V K  I  II  Kill  I'llK.  :*.7l 

"  6.  Tliiit  tlu>  Curator  shall  i)resent  atev^Mv  monthly  iiu'etinj^  a  detailed  list  of 
all  I'oiitrihutions  to  the  Must'imi  received  during  the  preceding  month 
together  with  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  eontrihutors  and  the  same 
shall  he  on  the  minutes. 

"7.  That  the  Chairman  shall  he  requested  to  jnopose  a  rotf  nf  llnniki  for  every 
c'ontrihution  found  to  he  worthy  of  that  attention,  and  the  einular  letter 
conveying  such  vote  of  thanks  shall  l)e  signed  hy  the  Chaiiinan  aJid 
forwarded  to  every  contrihntor  without  delay. 

"  8.  That  at  the  written  request  of  the  Chairman  of  the  last  monthly  meeting 
or  on  the  order  of  any  three  Trustees  in  writing  the  Seeretaiy  shall  be 
empowered  to  summon  a  siterial  meetlug  of  the  Trustees,  and  the  circular 
notice  hy  whiuh  such  meeting  is  summoned  shall  state  the  object  for 
which  the  meeting  is  called. 

"9.  That  in  addition  to  the  linnijh  Minute  Book  the  Secretary  shall  fairly 
transcribe  the  minutes  of  every  meeting  into  a  hook  to  he  called  the  "  Fuii 
MiiiKte  Book  "  and  such  Book  shall  contain  as  the  first  minute  the  Report 
of  the  Suh-Committee  which  was  delivered  in  on  the  1st  January  last,  upon 
which  Report  the  present  Act  of  Incorporation  was  founded  and  which 
enters  into  many  valuable  details  as  to  the  objects  contemplated  by  the 
establishment  of  the  Museum.  That  the  insertion  of  this  Report  be 
followed  by  the  Act  itself  and  then  by  the  Minutes  of  the  Trustees  (as 
such)  commencing  with  those  of  the  first  meeting  of  the  Trustees  held 
July  9.  1853." 

This  same  Sub-Committee  was  also  instructed  to  make  application 
for  a  "  Deed  of  Grant  "  : — 

"  Of  the  Land  and  Pi-emises,  the  Buildings  and  all  olijects  of  Natural  History 
therein  contained  and  all  other  movable  property  whatsoever  late  in  the 
custody  of  the  Committee  of  Management  of  the  Australian  Museum'-'*'." 

As  expressed  in  the  following  letter'-^'' : — 

Sydney,  July  23rd,  1853. 
Sir. 

The  undersigned  being  the  Committee  appointed  at  a  Meeting  of  the 
Trustees  held  on  Saturday,  July  9th,  1853,  have  the  honour  (in  accordance 
with  the  subjoined  resolution)  to  make  application  for  a  Grant  of  the 
Ijand.  Pi-emises,  etc.,  now  in  the  custody  of  the  Trustees  by  virtue  of  the 
late  Act  of  Incorporation. 

We  have  the  honor  to  be,  etc.. 
To  the  Honourable  (Signed)   George  Witt, 

The  Colonial  Secretary.  Phillip  P.  King. 

In  reply  the  Trustees  wei*e  informed  tliat  it  was  necessary  to  refer 
their  application  to  the  Surveyor-General,  but  it  was  nearly  two  years 
before  the  deed  was  delivered  to  them^-^^,  although  it  had  been  I'eady  in 
the  Colonial  Secretaiy's  hands  since  the  14th  March  previously^'*'*,  and 
for  it  a  fee  of  £1  was  paid^**^'. 

136  Minutes,  9th  July,  1853. 
10.50 

13"  Document  G. 

4 
i3«  Minutes,  14th  April,  1853. 

i='8  Letter-book,  i.,  p.  115. 
10.50 

n"  Document  G 

4 


872 


RECOnDS    OF    THK    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 


Tlie  Sub-Coininittee  were  also  cliarged,  it  appears,  "  to  direct  their 
attention  "  in  tlie  matter  of  a  Seal,  and  altlions;]i  "  various  devices  for 
Arms  "  were  considered,  an  exact  recommendation  conld  not  be  made  at 
the  time.  It  was,  however,  suggested  that  the  die-sinking  had  better,  be 
executed  in  Londoiii^i.  At  any  rate  the  design  was  agreed  to  and 
approved  (the  Lyre-bird,  Menu  ft  siiju'rl/K)  on  4th  February,  18541'*-.  Bat 
as  the  next  meeting  reccn-ds  the  fact  that  a  tender  was  accepted  from  Mr. 
James  Allan,  £10,  the  die  must  have  been  sunk  locally''*^;  it  is  a  very 
beautifnl  piece  of  work  and  still  in  use. 


Fig.    l:^ 

On  August  12th,  1853,  Mr.  Charles  Kemp  wrote  from  the  SiiiJ)ieii 
Morning  Hendd  Office  to  Sir  Charles  Nicholson  suggesting  that  the 
"  tablet  to  the  memory  of  Gilbert  "  be  removed  from  the  office  in  question, 
where  it  had  reposed  for  some  time,  and  placed  iu  the  Museum.  It 
appears  this  tablet  was  provided  out  of  portion  of  the  "  Leiclihardt 
Testimonial  Fund."  The  Trustees  after  considering  tlie  matter  i-eplied  as 
its  unanimous  decision,  tin-ough  Dr.  Witt,  Honorary  Secretary,  that"-h — 

"  The  Australian  Museum  was  not  a  suitable  place  for  the  erection  of  a  tal)lHt 
which  had  ])een  executed  in  memory  of  the  late  Mr.  Gilbert'-*"'  " 

The  tablet  must,  however,  have  remained  here  for  a  tinie.  foi-  Mi\ 
Calvert,  one  of  Gilbert's  companions,  asked  permission,  on  1st  April, 
1854,  to  deposit  it  in  St.  James'  Church,  King  Street. 

Also,  in  August  (80th),  I85;i,  the  first  Ci'own  Tiustee  was  appointed 
by  the  Governor-General  (Sir  Charles  Fitzroy)  in  the  person  of  Jleniy 
Watson  Parker,  Fsq.,  afterwards  Colonial  Seci-etary  (185(5-7). 


10.53 

1^'  Minutes,  30th  July,  1853  ;  Document  A 

3 
1^'-  Minutes,  4th  FeViruary,  1854. 

i«  Minutes,  4th  March,  1854. 

!■"  Minutes,  3rcl  September,  1853;   Document  N  10.50. 

'•••''  John  Gilbert  was  assistant  to  Charles  (lould  and  aided  largely  in  ci 
the  material  for  tlio  latter's  ma<,Miificent  work.  " 'J'he  Birds  of  Australia" 
He  accompanied  licichhaidt  in  tlie  Overlaiul  P]xpedition  from  Moreton  \i:\\ 
Fort  Essinjfton  in  1S41-5,  and  was  killed  l)y  natives  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Carpentaria.  2Htli  June,  1845  (See  North — Rer.  Anstr.  Mas.,  vi..  No.  3,  lSt()6,  p. 


>llectiui]^ 
(folio). 

towards 
(iulf  of 
125). 


1  1 1  K     A  1 


STKAMAN     MUSKtlM— KAKl.V     II  1ST.  HiV  — KTIl  KKI  M-iK. 


M:\ 


1  insrrt  Iumv  ,H.,tinns  of  two  i.mj.s  of  Sydney  hcannK  <  a H-  Ihol, 
,w  ngU  e  relativl  positions  ol'  the  Museun.,  Syaney  (  lege  ^"■-«-;;; 
7oo\i   and   the   National    School    (Yuvong    Street    I'ul.he   School),   one 


show 
School), 


-^f— I    I L«/ '^r- 

Fig.  14. 
Portion  of  Hyde  Park.  College  Street,  etc.,  showing  position  of  the 
North  Wing  of  the  Museum,  No.  41.  ^ 

(Map-frontispiece  to  Moore's  "  Almanac  for  18o4..    ) 


Khi.  ir,. 

Portionof  a  more  aetaile.l  map  of  nearly  the  same  area,  with 

the  Museum  in  a  more  advanced  state. 

(Portion  of  .- Woolcottand  Clarke's  Map  ot^^the  City  of  Sydney, 

with  the  Environs,'   etc.,  l»o-i.) 


374  RECORDS    OP    THE    ADSTRALIAN    MUSEl'M. 

mucli  more  elaboi'ate  tliau  the  other.  Fig.  14  is  takeu  from  "  Moore's 
Almanac"  for  1854,  and  forms  the  frontispiece.  Fig.  15  was  portion  of 
"  Woolcott  and  Clarke's  Map  of  the  City  of  Svdnev  with  the  Knvirons." 
etc.,  1854. 

It  is  now  necessary  to  again  turn  our  attention  to  tlie  proposed 
gallery  aiound  the  "  Great  Hall  "  which  we  have  already  seen  was  to  cost 
£390  for  building  the  galleiy  and  £210  to  provide  the  railing  surrounding. 
1  regret  to  say  I  am  quite  unable  to  disentangle  the  various  contracts 
entered  into  and  sums  asked  for  towai'ds  the  building  of  this  gallery. 
The  proceedings  in  connection  therewith  seem  to  liave  been  simply  on  a 
par  with  the  hopeless  muddle  in  which  everything  was  steeped  relating 
to  this  unfortunate  North  Wing. 

In  the  First  Annual  Report  of  the  Trustees  to  December,  1S541+*',  it 
is  said  the  building  "  was  utterly  unfit  for  the  displa}'  of  objects  of 
Natural  History,"  the  gallery  was  reported  as  "  nearly  completed,"  but 
tittings  were  urgently  required.  Appai'ently  to  meet  the  cost  of  these 
and  other  sei"vices  tlie  Legislative  Council  voted  £500  in  1858,  and 
£2,000  in  1854.  The  "  building  expenses"  between  July,  1853,  and  31st 
December,  18541^",  are  given  in  this  First  Annual  Repoit  as  follows  : — 

Estiinaled  Cost. 

1.  Cases  around  Gallery           ...          ...          ...          ...  ^1,700  0  0 

2.  Cases  around  Hall    ...          .  .          ...          ...          ...  1,460  0  q 

3.  Cabinets  on  floor  of  Hall l,Oa)  O  0 

-t.   Staircase  from   "Hall"   to  Gallery         300  O  0 

5.  Drainage  (in  basement)       ...         ...         ...         ...  75     0     o 

6.  Flaorsing  ,,  436     0     0 


=£4,971     0     0 


In  an  Appendix  to  this  First  Annual  Report  is  given  the  full  cost  of 
this  gallery,  and  this  is  all  1  have  been  able  to  find  about  it: — 

1853.  — -Abbott's  building  contracts ^1,716  12     3 

Bernasconi  (mouldings)  ...  .  .  ...  13  13     0 

Murray  (carving  panels)         ...         ...         ...  60     0     0 


.£1,790     5     3 


The  Annual  Report  in  question  was  the  fiist  of  its  kind  and  has  been 
regularly  maintained,  according  to  enactment,  to  the  present  time,  when, 
,as  now,  it  was  di-awn  up  by  a  Committee.  The  first  record  occui's  in  the 
Minutes  of  3rd  March,  1855,  wben  Messrs  W.  S.  Macleay,  H.  W.  Parkei-, 
W.  Weaver,  with  Dr.  .lohn  Smith  were  deputed  to  so  act.  The  Draft 
Report  was  adopted  on  7th  Api'il,  1855,  and  at  o)ice  forwarded  to  His 
Excellency  the  Governor-(ieneral  (Sir  W.  T.  Denison). 

The  survival  of  old  customs,  wholly  or  in  part,  has  been  one  of  the 
marked  features  of  this  Institution.  For  instance,  at  the  present  time 
cheques  may  be  signed   by  any  two  Trustees  on  an  emergency  to  meet  an 


'•««  rul>lislMHl  1855. 

1"  Ann.    Kept,  for  1854-1855,   ]..    1;    Minutes,    2nd   S.-ptenilxr,    1854;    bptter- 
book,  i.,  p.  139. 


THE    AUSTItAMAN    MI'SKdM KAIM.V    llISKiRV — Kill  KIM  Im;K.  :{75 

account,  if  couutersigiied  by  the  respoiiKible  oHict'i-  inakiii<r  the  ix-quest. 
This  piuctice  took  its  rise  as  early  as  1854-  vvlien,  on  tlie  4tli  March,  Sir 
Alfred  Steplien  moved  that  any  thiee  members  of  the  lioaid  could  so  act, 
instead  of  two  as  now"^. 

Another  old  custom  fliat  suivived  i-vcn  up  to  (he  time  ol  I  Ik-  writer 
becomiiifr  a  member  of  the  Staff  was  that  of  forwarding  lists  of  donations 
to  the  public  press  regularly  each  nn)nth.  It  was  in  .Iiilv,  ISM,  fhiit  it 
was  decided  to  so  supply  "  botli  "  daily  papers' ^". 

On  the  'J8rd  .laiiuaiy,  lS54,  the  Trustees  were  invited''"'  bv  the 
Colonial  Secretary  (Hon.  K.  Deas  Thomson),  on  behalf  of  His  Kxcellencv 
(Sii- C.  A.  Fitzroy)  to  contribute  theii-  "duplicate  specimens  of  Natural 
History  "  to  the  Official  Contributions  to  the  "  Universal  Exhibition  for 
Agriculture  and  Industrial  Products  "  to  be  held  at  Paris  in  Mav,  1855. 
The  Trustees  were  also  asked  by  the  Chairman  of  the  Commission  (Sir 
Alfred  Stephen)  to  afford  space  in  the  Museum  for  the  display  of  the 
exhibits  purposed  to  be  forwai-ded  tr)  Paris,  to  be  opened  in  the  "  Long 
Room  "  (PI.  xlv.)  on  2nd  October,  1854151. 

There  are  still  alive  old  Syduey  identities  who  i-emember  the 
Museum  "  Menagerie."  The  first  resident  appears  to  liave  been  a  Tigress 
purcliased  of  a  "Mr.  Smith"  in  November,  1848,  for  £12,  aud  then 
placed  in  the  care  of  Mr.  W.  S.  Wall  for  six  mouthsi^-  : — 

"When  she  will  be  full  grown,  and  may   be  then   killed  for  the  skin  and 
skeleton." 

but  as  a  tigress  was  still  present  in  1854'5',  this  design  does  not  appear  to 
have  been  can-ied  into  effect. 

The  next  guest  was  a  Grizzly  Bear  presented  by  Mr.  J.  U.  Nicholls'si 
iu  April,  1854.  Up  to  October  of  the  same  year  these  wei-e  supplemented 
by  a  Native  Dog,  or  Warrigal,  two  Eagles  and  an  Emui^^  and  at  the 
beginning  of  1856  two  Native  Companions  made  their  appearance  in  the 
Museum  grounds,  but  were  almost  immediately  sold  to  a  "Mr.  Wilcox  "iS" 
for  £515'.  The  collection  was  completed  by  the  additicm  of  a  "  large 
Tortoise  "  which  was  ordered  to  be  killed  and^  converted  into  a  skeletoui^'^. 
Apparently  the  care  of  the  animals  became  too  much  for  Mr.  Wall,  or 
they  began  to  be  regarded  as  a  nuisance,  for  we  find  Mr.  W.  Beaumont, 
of  Beaumont  and  Waller,  Menagerie  Keepers  at  the  "  Sii-  Joseph  I^anks 
Hotel,  Botany  Bay,"  also   known  as  the    "  Zoological    Gardens,    Botany," 


i-is  Minutes,  4th  March,  1854. 
'«         „  1st  July,  1854. 

J50  Document,  M.  11696. 

60.54 

I'l  Minutes,  4th  March,  1854;   Document  G 

1 
'•'-         ,,  21st  September  and  7th  November,  1854. 

'•'*'         „  3rd  Decern  )>er,  185;}. 

'■'^         „  1st  April,  1854. 

1"         „  7th  October,  1854. 

!•'«         „  9tli  January,  1856. 

'"         „  L'nd  February,  1856. 

1*8         „  26th  November,  1856. 


376  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN'    MUSEUM. 

offering  to  take  charge  of  the  Maseum  animals  on  certain  conditions. 
The  Trustees  ultimately  consented  to  the  transfer  on  the  following  tei'ras, 
viz.: — payment  for  the  cages,  bodies  to  be  returned  to  the  Museum  after 
death,  and  present  to  the  Trustees  the  bodies  "of  such  animals  as  may 
die  iu  his  (Beaumont's)  possession^^g  " 

A  view  of  these  Botany  Zoological  Gardens  will  be  found  in  "  Ford's 
Australian  Almanac  "  for  ISSS^*^.  In  the  same  publication  for  1851 
there  is  an  unpaged  advertisement  towards  the  end  of  the  volume  setting 
forth  the  attractions  of  the  Gai-dens,  which  is  rather  amusing.  This 
enterprising  tirm  also  secured  an  Elephant,  of  twenty  months  old,  brought 
by  the  ship  "  Royal  Shxou  "  from  Calcutta  in  August,  1851^*'!.  This 
Elephant,  witli  other  nnimals,  was  exhibited  "  by  permission  of  the  Right 
Worshipful  the  Mayor  and  Corporation  "  on  Hyde  Park,  at  the  corner  of 
Park  and  Elizabeth  Streets^*^-.  In  "Press  Cuttings  from  the  Newspapers 
of  Fifty  Years  ago***^,"  this  venture  of  Beaumont  and  Waller  is  spoken  of 
as  the  "  small  menagerie  upon  the  racecourse." 

In  April,  1855,  Secretary  Angas  applied  to  the  Colonial  Secretary 
for  £5,000  to  be  placed  on  the  Estimates  towards  completing  the  internal 
fittings  of  the  North  Wiugi*^,  which  received  a  gracious  aiisweri*^^^  i^^t 
eventuated  in  only  £2,000  reaching  the  Trustees^''^  (Approp.  Act  18 
Vict.  No.  34,  1855). 

In  the  Annual  Report  for  1855  the  completion  of  the  gallery  in  the 
North  Wing  in  the  previous  year  was  reported.      The  Report  also  says: — 

"  As  soon  as  the  Trustees  were  made  aware  that  the  Legislature  had  voted  the 
sum  of  ^3,000" 

plans  and  specifications  for  cabinets  and  fittings  were  obtained^''", 
exhibited  to  the  Board  at  the  end  ot  1855,  and  a  design  having  been 
agreed  upon,  the  matter  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  Capt.  W.  E.  Ward  for 
execution,  and  tenders  ordered  to  be  called  for^*^  ;  the  latter,  however, 
appear  to  have  been  for  only  a  portion  of  the  work. 

On  the  1st  September,  1855,  Di-.  George  Witt  relinquished  his 
Trusteeship)"'^.  Dr.  Witt  was  a  member  of  the  Old  Committee,  having 
been  appointed  by  His  Excellency  Sir  C.  A.  Fitzioy  in  September, 
1852^'^o_      jjg  ief<;  ^\^Q  Colony  to  reside  in  London. 


'■''«  Minutes,  2nd  September  and  7th  October,  1854. 

160  Frontispiece. 

'«'   Syd.  Morning  Herald,  27th  Aug.,  1851. 

'"2      „  „  „         12th  Sept.  1851. 

i«3  Old  Times,  i.,  2,  1903,  p.  100. 

'«J  Letter- book,  i..  p.  H6. 

20.55 
"*■'*  Minutes,   12th  Mav,  1855;   Document  .\ 

26 
>««  Letter-book,  i.,  j).  151. 
"«"  Annual  Kei)t.  tor  1855,  ]>.  1. 

'•"*  Minutes,  3rd  Noveml>er,  Iwt  and  2otli  Decendier,  1855. 
'«'•'         „         Ist  Septemlier,  1855. 
10.52 

'""  Document,  li 

6 


TIIK    AUSTRALIAN     MUSKI'M KAKLV     HISTiil.'V ETII  KlIIlHiF.  :i77 

A  great  loss  was  sustaiiii'd  (luiiiip;  Lsr)<">  ilndiigli  tlic  dcatli  of  Keai-- 
Admiral  Phillip  Parker  King,  II. N.,  on  the  '2()th  Kehriiary  ;  he  had  seived 
as  Comniitteeman  and  Trustee  for  more  than  twenty  yearsi^i.  'i'l,e 
vacancy  tlins  caused  on  the  ]ioard  was  tilled  by  the  election  of  Randolph 
John  Wiint,  Ksqi'.,  on  Tjth  Ay)i'il. 

The  Honom-ahle  H.  \V.  Parker  who  liad  filled  the  office  of  Crown 
Trustee  since  August,  1853,  resigned  that  jjosition  in  Octobei-,  185G,  in 
consequence  of  becoming  Colonial  Se(!retary,  an  office  cairying  with  it  the 
position  of  an  Official  Trustee.  He  was  succeeded  as  Crown  Trustee  by 
the  Honourable  Edward  Deas  Thomson,  Esqr.,  in  January,  1857172,  a 
member  of  tlie  old  Committee. 

Notwithstanding  the  completion  of  the  gallery  as  announced  in  the 
Annual  Report  foi-  1855,  this  unfortunate  North  Wing  does  not  appear  to. 
have  been  com[)leted  even  by  September,  1856,  for  it  lacked  a  staircase 
to  the  gallery,  flagging  and  dx-ainage  to  the  cellar,  the  hall  ceiling 
unpainted'"-',  and  general  want  of  ventilation.  To  rectify  all  tliis  the  sum 
of  £2,000  was  placed  on  the  Estimates  for  1856^''^.  Dilatoriness  supreme 
appears  to  have  been  the  order  of  the  day,  for  by  1864  affairs  remained 
in  an  unfinished  state,  judging  by  a  letter  from  Mr.  Krefft  to  the  Colonial 
Secretary'  in  August  of  that  year,  asking  that  a  floor  be  laid  down^'^. 

No  more  hopeless  muddle  appears  to  have  been  made  in  the  affairs  of 
the  Museum  than  the  casing  and  fitting  up  of  the  hall  and  galler}-.  The}' 
seem  to  have  been  commenced  in  the  early  part  of  1856,  and  the  work 
continued  well  on  into  1863.  The  fittings  in  question  consisted  of 
enclosing  the  intermediate  pillar  spaces  on  the  floor  of  the  hall  with 
glazed  framings,  cabinet  cases  with  glass  tops  on  the  floor,  and  glazed 
wall  cases  around  the  gallery^''''.  These  fittings  were  in  existence  when  I 
joined  the  Museum  Staff,  and  I  mnst  say  they  were  anything  but  works 
of  art!  To  provide  these  fittings  an  appropriation  was  passed  by  the 
Council  in  1856  for  £3,0001^''  and  three  contracts  foi-  their  construction 
were  let  at  £568,  £857,  and  £1,387  respectively^"'^.  The  Annual  Report 
just    quoted  then  says  : — 

"The   internal   fittings    of    the    great    hall    being   thus   brought    to   a    state 
approaching  completion,  etc." 


1"  Minutes,  8th  March,  1856  ;  Ann.  Report  for  1856  (1857),  p.  1. 

15.57 

i'-^  Ann.  Kept,  for  1856  (1857),  p.  2  ;  Document  B ;  Minutes  7th  Feb.,  1857. 

2 
J"  Minutes,  2nd  February  and  18th  September,  1856. 

I'-i         „         18th  September  and  4th  October,  1856. 

i"T  Letter-book,  ii.,  p.  18:^. 
20.56 

176  Document  A ;  Minutes,  15th  March.  Srd  May,  5th  and  12th  July,  1856. 

L'8 
I"  Minutes,  8th  March,  5th  April,  1856. 

'"'<  Minutes,  3rd   May,  5th  July,  18.50;    Letter-book,  i.,  p.  160;    Annual  Report 
for  1856  (1857),  p.  1. 


878  HEConns  of  the  Australian  mhsedm. 

In  1857  a  fui'tlier  £2,000  was  passed  to  the  Ti-ustees'  credit,  and  this 
enabled  them  to  complete  those  services  detailed^''^  at  an  expenditure  of 
£1,650.  It-  was  finally  ananged  that  a  series  of  glass  cases  were  to  be 
constructed  and  fixed  around  the  gallery  balustrade  for  the  purpose  of 
displaying  the  minerals^^*^'. 

The  sul)ject  of  By-laws  fiist  took  shaf)e  on  8rd  March,  1855,  when 
Mr.  George  Macleay  moved,  and  the  Hon.  II.  W.  Parker  seconded,  that  a 
Committee  be  formed  : — 

"  To  prepare  a  code  of  Bye-laws  for  the  conduct  of  the  affairs  of  the  Museum." 

These  were  pnssed  by  the  p]xecutive  Council  on  the  14th  April 
following^'^i,  and  in  the  lettei-  accompanying  the  approved  copy  the 
Colonial  Secretaiy  reminded  the  Trustees,  in  accordance  with  the  8th 
clause  of  the  Act  17  Vict.,  No.  2,  that  the: — 

"Museum  Bye-laws  must  be  published  in  the  '  Government  Gazette'  within 
one  month  from  the  date  thereof." 

A  copy  was  ordered  to  be  engrossed  and  forwarded  to  His  Kxcellency 
the  Governor  and  His  Executive  Council. 

The  following  are  the  By-laws  in  question,  and  it  will  be  noted  that 
in  some  respects  the}'  are  similar  to  those  now  in  vogue,  in  others  much 
more  drastic : — 

Bye-Laws  of  the  Australian  Museum,   ISoo"*-. 

Meetings  of  Trustees. 

1.  The  ordinary  meetings  of  the  Ti-ustees  shall  be  held  as  early  as  possible  in 

each  month,  on  such  <lay  of  the  week,  and  at  such  hour,  as  sliall  lie  agreed 
upon  t)y  the  Board. 

2.  Any  Official  meeting  may  be  held,   at  not  less  than  two  days  notice,  on  a 

requisition  signed  by  Three  Trustees  being  lodged  with  the  Secretary  ; 
provided  that,  in  such  reqiusition,  the  object  for  which  tlie  meeting  is  to 
be  called  be  specified. 

'.i.  Every  meeting,  ordinary  oi  special,  may  l)e  adjourned,  at  tiie  ph>asure  of 
the  majority  of  the  members  present,  to  any  future  ilay  at  tlieir  discretion. 

Vncanries  in  the  Office  of  Elective  Trustee. 

4.  Tlic  office  of  Eh;ctive  Trustee  may  be  vacated  by  resignation,  by  absence 
from  the  meetings  of  the  Board,  without  leave,  for  six  successive  months, 
after  the  month  of  February,  1855,  or  lr)y  ejection  as  lu>reinafter 
provided"*^*. 

'■«  Annual  Report  for  1857    (1858).  p.  I  ;   Letter-book,  i.,  p.  171. 
"*"  Minutes,  2nd  April,  1863. 

11.55 
''*'    Document  A    ■ 


11.55 
'*•:'  This    By-law    wiis    passed    on    10th    February,    1855    (Document    A ; 

Letter-book,  i.,  p.  14:{),  and  is  still  in  existence,  but  in  .lanuarv  1858.  it  was  altered 

11.58  11.58) 

to  three  months   (Documents  A and  A      — 

■I  5 


THR    Ar^!|RAl.lA\     MUSECM RAKT.V     llISI(il;V KITIKRIiMiE.  :*.7!t 

5.  If  :uiy  Elective  'I'liistee  sliall  emit uiii;ioi<'Usly  disoliey  any  l>ye-la\v  nr  oi-iler 
of  the  Hoard,  or  -shall  by  word  or  writiiij^  publicly  defame  the  Museum,  or 
dishonestly  do  anythinfjf  to  its  injury,  he  shall  )>e  liable?  to  ejection  by  tlie 
Hoard. 

I>.  Whenever  there  siiall  be  cause  for  the  ejection  of  any  Elective  Trustee,  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Chairman,  on  the  requisition  in  writinj^  of  Two 
Trustees,  to  propose  at  some  meetiuj^  of  the  lioard  the  ejection  of  such 
'IVustee ;  and  at  the  next  ordinary  meeting- — previous  notice  thereof 
havin<i;  been  u-iven  him — the  qiu^stion  sliall  be  put  to  the  Ballot,  and  if 
two-thirds  of  the  members  ])resent  vote  for  it,  tlie  (Chairman  shall  caiici'l 
the  name  of  such  jiersoii  in  the  list  of  Trustees,  and  the  ejection  of  evtn'y 
sucli  person  shall  be  recorded  in  the  Minute  Hook  of  the  MiisiMim. 

7.  As  soon  as  a  vacancy    in  the  oHice  of   Elective   Trustee    shall  have   been 

declared  ex  cathedra  by  the  Chairman,  it  shall  be  competent  for  any  Two 
Trustees  to  propose  the  admission  of  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  Elective 
Trustee;  provided  that,  at  the  time,  the  qualifications,  scientific,  literary, 
or  otherwise,  which  such  candidate  may  possess  for  the  office,  be  stated  in 
writino-  and  signed  by  such  Trustee. 

8.  At  the  next  ordinary  ineetiuo-  after  the  Candidate  has  ))een  so  proposed,  the 

election  shall  take  place  by  Ballot;  provided  that  no  perst)n  shall  be 
declared  electe<l,  unless  he  have  in  his  favor  two  thirds  of  tlie  members 
balloting. 

Hoii 0 ra ry  Co r responden Is. 

9.  It  shall  be  comijetent  for  the  Trustees  from  time  to  time  to  elect  Honorary 

Correspondents  of  the  Museum. 

10.  Each  certificate  proposing  a  candidate  for  election  as  an  Honorary 
Correspondent  shall  be  signed  by  two  or  more  Trustees,  and  shall  specify 
the  services  which  such  candidate  may  have  rendered  to  the  Museum,  or 
to  the  general  cause  of  science  ;  and  such  certificate  having  lieen  presented 
at  one  of  the  ordinary  meetings  of  the  Trustees,  the  Election  shall  take 
place  by  Ballot  at  the  next  ensuing  meeting  of  the  Board  ;  provided  that 
no  person  be  considered  as  duly  elected  unless  he  have  in  his  favor  two 
thirds  of  the  membei's  voting. 

11.  There  shall  be  transmitted  to  each  Honorary  Correspondent,  as  soon  as 
may  be  after  his  Election,  a  diploma  under  the  Common  Seal  of  the 
Museum  (Fig.  16)  signed  by  the  Chairman  for  the  time  being,  and 
countersigned  by  the  Secretary. 

Administi-alion  of  Finance. 

12.  Some  one  Bank  in  Sydney  shall  be  appointed  Treasurer  of  the  Museum. 

13.  At  every  ordinary  meeting  of  the  Trustees,  an  account  shall  be  presented 
and  entered  on  the  Minutes,  of  all  expenses  incurred  during  the  preceding 
month,  including  all  salaries  and  wages ;  iind  the  same,  when  audited  and 
found  correct,  and  countersigned  by  the  Chairman  for  the  time  being, 
shall  he  paid  by  cheque  or  cheques  drawn  on  the  Treasurer,  and  signed  by 
Two  Trustees. 

14.  In  cases  of  urgency,  any  three  members  of  the  Board  may,  by  cheques 
countersigned  by  the  Secretary,  direct  the  payment  of  any  account ;  every 
such  cheque  to  be  reported  to  the  Board  at  its  next  meeting,  and  noted  in 
the  Minutes  with  the  cause  of  the  proceeding. 

The  Common  Seal. 

15.  The  Common  Seal  of  the  Museum  shall  be  kept  in  a  chest  having  three 
locks,  with  three  different  keys,  of  which  two  shall  be  in  the  custody 
of  Trustees  appointed  by  the  Board,  and  the  third  shall  be  kept  by  the 
Secretary. 

10.  Every  document  to  which  the  Common  Seal  of  the  Museum  is  to  be 
affixed,  shall  be  sealed  at  a  meeting  of  the  Board,  and  signed  by  tTie 
Chairman  for  the  time  being,  and  countersigned  by  the  Secretary. 

(Sgd.)   Phillip  P.  King,  L.  King,  W,  S,  Macleay,  Alfred  Stephen,  J,  Smith, 


380  RECORDS    OF   THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 

In  February  of  this  year  a  Committee  previously  app(niited  for  the 
pui-pose,  brought  up  its  report^^^  : — 

"  Eegulations  of  the  Official  ConiUict  t>t'  tho  Secretary  of  the  Australian 
Museum." 

Honorary  Secretaries  existed  to  the  date  of  tlie  Act  of  Incoi'poi'ation 
in  1858,  but  thence  onwards  tlie  Secretary  was  a  paid  servant.  In  the 
I'eport  of  a  Committee  appointed  on  9th  'Tuly,  ISSS^'^'^, 

"  To  draw  out  such  rules  aud  regulations  as  may  be  immetiiately  rfquired  for 
carrying  into  effect  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  Incorporation." 

The  appointment  of  a  Secretaiy  was  referred  to  as  follows'^'*: — 

"  Much  of  the  anticipated  advancement  of  tlie  Museum  depends  on  the 
judicious  appoiiatment  of  this  officer.  The  requirements  are  such  as  are 
not  ordinarily  combined  in  one  individual,  who,  in  addition  to  a  good 
share  of  classical  attainments,  ouglit  to  possess  f;icility  in  correspoutlence, 
aptitiule  in  business,  correct  ami  punctual  lia))its,  aud  withal  a  certain 
amount  of  enthusiasm  in  natural  liistory  and  a  love  of  the  arts  generally." 

Amongst  tlie  Seci'etary's  duties  provided  for  in  the  "  Regulations  " 
of  February,  1855,  as  above,  are^*^" : — 

"To  arrange  and  catalogue  such  portions  of  the  General  Collection  of  the 
Museum  as  shall  be  allotted  to  him  for  the  purpose,  to  make  drawings  of 
such  animals  or  fossils  as  shall  lie  indicated  to  him  for  the  purpose  ))y 
written  request  from  any  one  of  the  Committee  of  Three  Trustees  hereafter 
to  be  appointed." 

Dui'ing  official  hours  tlie  Secretary  was  not  to  engage  in  any  otlier 
work  tlian  that  connected  with  his  office  "  under  no  pretext  wliatevei-.'' 

At  a  later  period,  in  November,  1858,  it  was  decided  that  the 
Seci'etaryl*^^ : — 

"Should  be  entrusted  with  the  general  charge  of  the  Institution  and  the 
supervision  of  the  other  Officers  connected  with  it." 

Bnt  this  was  overridden  by  a  subsequent  resolution  passed  when  con- 
sidei'ing  the  terms  of  apjiointment  of  a  successor  to  Mr.  Wall  in  March, 
1859  :— 

"  A  suitable  person  to  fill  the  office  of  Curator,  aud  take  charge  of  the 
Australian  Museum''*"." 

11.55 

I'*-'  Minutes,  lotli  Fcliruarv.  18."j."i;    Document  A 

1 
18"         ,,  9th  July,  1858. 

1(  •..">:< 
i«6  ^^  :U)th  .liilv.   185:^;    Doeument  A 

11.55 

187  Kitli  Kclnuary,  1855  ;    Document  A 

1 
1(I..').S 
i«8   Docum.'iit  A  .    IStli  Nov.'udi.-r,   1S.58. 

8 

10.59 
'•<'•'  Minutes,  ;h'd  March,  1859;    Docum.  lit  A 

10 


THK    ALTS  IRA  I, I  AN     MlISEl'M — KAK'I.V     IIISIORV — KIHKKIImIK.  881 

On  till'  ii'sifjiiat  iim  nf  Mr.  (1.  I*'.  Aiitjiis  in  ISf);'.  or  soon  al't-ri',  tin- 
St'civ(af\  sliip,  as  a  .so])!iriito  ollici',  was  al)olisli('(l.  ami  coiiiMncd  willi  tlu' 
Ciimtorsliii)  in  one  ])i'ison'''". 

Di)ubt  arose  in  tlif  niimls  of  tlir  'I'liisfi-L's  wtiL'tliL-r  tlioir  (I'list-custotly 
extended  to  tlio  specimens  contained  in  tlie  Museum  piioi-  to  tlie  Act  of 
Incorporation  in  .luly,  185)^.  It  was  accordingly  resolved  on  2nd  June, 
1855,  to  address  a  letter  to  the  (iovernor-deneral''"  : — 

"  Requestiuij:  His  Excellency  to  make  over  to  the  Trustees  the  collection  of 
specimens  of  Natural  History  which  was  contained  in  the  Museum  jirior 
to  the  Act  of  Incorporation." 

This  request  was  favourably  considered  and  the  wliole  contents  of  the 
Museum  incorporated  in  one  series'"-. 

At  the  meeting  of  1st  August,  1855,  the  seats  of  Messrs.  William 
Macartliur  and  A.  M.  a'Beckett  were  declared  vacant.  To  replace  these 
gentlemen,  the  following  were  elected  on  6th  October,  liS55  : — His 
Excellency  Sir  William  Thomas  Denison,  Kt.,  Govei'nor-General  of  the 
Australian  Colonies;  Rev.  John  WooUey,  D.C.L.  (Oxon),  Principal  of  the 
Univei'sity  of  Sydney  ;  and  Edward  Wolstenholme  Ward,  Esqr.,  Captain 
of  the  Royal  Engineers,  and  Deputy-Master  of  the  Sydney  Bi'anch  of  the 
Royal  Mint. 

A  revival  of  the  practice  of  Exchanges  took  place  in  May,  1856, 
circulars  being  sent  to  no  less  than  forty-nine  Eui-opean,  two  African, 
three  South  American,  and  five  North  American  Museums  soliciting 
specimens^"-^. 

The  Trustees,  for  some  unexplained  reason,  were  dissatisfied  with  the 
Act  of  Incorporation,  and  on  10th  December,  1856,  the  Colonial  Secretary 
was  communicated  with  and  informed  that  "anomalies"  existed  in  the 
Act,  and  an  amendment  was  requested.  This,  however,  the  Governor- 
General  (Sir  W.  T.  Denison)  did  not  think  it  expedient  just  at  that  time 
and  the  matter  dropped ''^*''^. 

The  first  announcement  of  opening  the  collection  to  the  public  since 
i-emoval  from  the  "  Old  Court  House"  at  Darlinghui-st  appeals  to  have 
been  made  in  August,  1850"''^,  notwithstaiuling  the  incomplete  condition 
of  the  building ;  Mondays  and  Fridaj's  were  the  selected  days.  How  long 
this  continued  is   unknown,  but  on  25th    May,   18571^'',   the  public  were 


10.60 

r-w  Document  A  

1 
la'   Mimites,  L'nd  .June,  185.5;    Letter-hook,  !.,  p.  153. 

i«-!  „  7th  July,  1855. 

i!«         ,,         Mav,  1856. 
"10.56 

la-*  Document  G  

7 
i!'-5  Minutes,  3i<l  Auyu.st,  1850. 

ii'«         ,,         2ncl  May  and  6th  June,  1857. 


382  RECOKlJS    OF    TUK    AUSTRALIAN    MDSEUM. 

ailniitted  tor  one  week,  and  it  is  recorded  tliat  during  that  time  12,000 
visitors  attended,  a  by  nt)  means  bad  attendance  for  those  days.  From 
tliis  time  onward  the  days  and  lioms  of  visitation  weie  being  constantly 
altered. 

In  May,  a  Foreign  Coi  respondence  and  Exchange  Committee  was 
formed''-'".  The  first  members  were  the  Hon.  R.  J.  Want,  Hon.  H.  W. 
Parker,  W.  S.  Maeleay,  and  Dr.  Woolley.  Again  in  the  same  month  the 
"  Finance  Committee  "  was  resuscitated^^^  in  the  persons  of  Captain  E. 
W.  Ward,  R.E.,  Prof.  J.  Smith,  and  W.  C.  Mayne,  Esqr.  (Auditor- 
General).  Snch  a  body  first  appeared  in  March,  1855,  to  "furnish  a 
statement  of  the  expenditui'e  of  the  funds  of  the  Museumi^^."  The  new 
Committee  was  instructed  to  "show  a  balance  sheet  at  every  monthly 
meeting." 

The  Hon.  R.  J.  Want  i-esigned  his  Trusteeship,  to  which  he  had  been 
elected  in  April,  1856,  in  December,  1857,  and  was  replaced  by  Sir 
William  Macarthur,  Kt.,  elected  6th  February,  1858. 

It  Avould  appear  that  upwards  of  eight  years  had  been  allowed  to 
pass  without  providing  a  proper  w^ater  supply,  for  on  the  13th  October, 
Secretary  Angas  wrote  to  the  Trustees  of  the  Sydney  Grammar  School 
inviting  them  to  join  in  an  application  to  have  connection  made  with  the 
main  in  Staidey  Street. 

In  the  Annual  Report  foi-  1856,  the  Trustees  called  the  Governt)r- 
General's  attention  to  the  very  limited  accommodation  which  the  Museum 
affoided  in  its  then  state  for  the  proper  display  of  the  vai'ious  collec- 
tions'-^^, and  again  threw  themselves  on  the  liberality  of  the  Government 
for  means  to  extend  the  building. 

In  August,  Mr.  Angas  forwai'ded  to  the  Colonial  Secretaiy  (Honorable 
H.  W.  Pai'ker)  for  His  Excellency's  consideration  plans  prepared  by  the 
Government  Architect  (either  William  or  Alexander  Dawson)  and  adopted 
by  the  Board  for  the  above  purpose,  inclusive  of  the  "  proposed  entrance 
from  Hyde  Park"-*^"."  This  last  sentence  clearly  indicates  this  as  the 
inception  of  the  West  or  College  Street  Wing,  and  fixes  the  year  as  1857. 
This  application  met  with  no  cordial  response,  the  Council  expressing  its 
regret  that  owing  to  the  condition  of  the  public  funds  it  was  unable  to 
comply  with  the  request-'^''-. 

'»'  Minutes,  2nd  May,  1857. 

'■•"*         ,,  2nd  May,  1857. 

'»'••  ,,  ard  March,  1855. 

■i""  Also  Anniiid  lii'i.ui't  for  1858  (1859),  pp.  2-A. 

-'"   Mmutos,     lull    July    and    Isi    Au-^-ust,     1857;     Letter-book,     i.,    p.     Kiti ; 
20.57 

Document  A ■ 

29 

10.67 

2"2  Ducuniout  G ■ 

8 


IMK    AISIRAMAN     MI'SKl'M EAKI.V     IIISKtRV Kill  Kl;  I  In  ;  i:.  ;',S3 

'I'iiis  Wiiiil  (if  spact'  was  hroiiLrlil  liciiic  in  t  lie  'I'luslccs  in  all 
piTibahility  l)v  tlic  iiivi-sl  iijaHdiis  of  a  ('(Hiimit  tec  aii|iiiiiil('(l  to  "  Kt'iiort. 
on  tlie  appropriatif)!!  of  tlu'  dilTi'i-ciit  rooms  in  the  M  iisi'Uiii,"  butwut'ii  Mm 
various  oflirials-"-'.  Aiiioii<;st  other  iiiLroiipniit  ii-s  iittticud  was  tlie  occnpa- 
tion  of  tlif  "Board  Room"  or  "  C/oiiiicil  ('liamhor"  by  Kuvei'al  oF  tbe 
busts  prose  11  tod  by  Sir  C'liarles  Nic.liols()ii,  wliieli  the  Committee  repjarded 
as  "incompatible"  witli  its  proper  occupation.  1 1  is  prolialile  t  liat  t  lie 
t'ollowiii<^  extracit  from  tlii'  Comiiiit  Ici'V  Keporf  was  I  lie  ^'erin  idi'a  lor  tlic 
erection  of  tlie  West  Winpf :  — 

"  Wmr  CmiiiinUi'c  arc  cif  tipinioii  thai  ilic  mily  iniidc  cit'  iiroxiiliii;^'  prniicrly  lor 
the  Statuary  and  otiier  specimens  deposittMl  in  the  Miiscuiii  will  he  hy 
iiiakiiii;'    aihlitioiis   to    the    ]>resent    Imihlin^    on   a    scale    which    may    lie 

siiiliciciil  tor  the  wants  of  (he  [nstilutioii  for  sonu!  years  to  come." 

Nothing  eventuating  from  the  Trustees'  application,  tlie  Ciovernor- 
Geiieral  took  the  matter  in  hand  and  addressed  the  following  letter-^'^'*  to 
his  Ct)-Trustees  : — 

Govt.  House, 

2  October,  '58. 

Will  you,  if  it  })e  in  accordance  with  the  rules  of  the  Museum,  j^ive 
notice  to  the  Trustees  that  I  propose  to  brin^-  under  their  consideration  at 
the  iK^xt  meetinj^  the  propriety  of  drawin<^  up  a  petition  to  the  Govt, 
prayiii";'  that  a  sum  may  be  placed  en  the  Estimates  of  1859  for  the 
erection  of  additional  biuldin<^s  in  accordance  with  a  plan  forinerly 
submitted  to  the  Govt.'-"'',  the  object  of  siich  addition  heinjjj  to  enable  the 
Trustees  to  classify  and  arrange  the  rapidly  increasin<:f  number  of 
specimens  in  the  different  departments  of  Natural  History,  to  keep  each 
Department  separate  and  distinct  so  as  to  enable  the  public  to  visit  some 
pictures  at  all  events  of  the  Museum  on  every  day  of  the  week  exceptiu'^j 
Sunday ;  to  provide  a  room  for  the  books  which  the  liberality  of  the 
Legislature  has  enabled  the  Trustees  to  purchase  ;  and  generally  to  give 
to  the  building  a  character  and  appearance  which  its  importance  as  a 
branch  of  the  Educational  Institutions  of  the  Colony  calls  for. 

Yours, 

(Sgd.)  W.  Denison. 

Needless  to  say  this  was  adopted,  and  a  request  sent  accord iugly^^a 
Even  this  intervention  of  His  Excellency  does  not  appear  to  have  proved 
effectual  for  we  find  him  in  August,  1859^'^'',  proposing  a  fourth  attempt. 
This  brought  forth  the  pleasing  reply  from  the  Colonial  Secretary-"*'  tliat 
it  was  proposed  by  the  Government  to  place  on  the  Estimates  tlie  sum  of 
£5,000  for  the  ensuing  five  years,  in  addition  to  a  further  similar  sum 
included  on  the  1859  Estimates  for  a  like  purpose. 


Sir, 


10.57 

2U3  Document  A 

6 

10.58 

-'>■*  Minutes,  4th  November,  1858  ;   Document  A 

7 
-'JO  These  were  approved  by  the  Trustees  on  8th  August,  1857. 

20.58 

•JU6  Minutes,  2nd  December,  1858 ;   Document  A 

31 
2«7  ,,  4th  August,  1859. 

2»«  Document  A  20.18(31. 


884  RECORDS    OK    THE    AUSTKAIJAN     MUSEUM. 

Nutliiiiof,  however,  of  a.  practical  nature  appears  to  have  resulted 
until  the  middle  of  1861,  for  iji  May  a  Committee  report-^^  was  presented 
to  the  Board  in  wliich  it  suggested  that  the  wliole  of  the  walls,  roofs,  and 
floors  of  the  entire  wing  be  erected,  foUowed  by  the  fittings  for  the 
two  northern  and  central  rooms^-^. 

Ill  their  Annual  Report  for  1861,  the  Trustees  stated  they  had  the 
satisfaction  of  reporting  that  the  additions  to  the  Museum  weie  in 
progress-''.  The  architect  of  the  New  Wing  was  either  Mr.  William  oi' 
Mr.  Alexander  Dawson,  but  it  was  clearly  completed  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  James  Barnett.  Mr.  Thomas  Barnett  informs  me  that  the 
architecture  of  the  high  central  portion  is  "  Corinthian  Classic,"  and  the 
wings  would  be  best  described  as  "  Italian  Renaissance."  Mr.  James 
Barnett  was  Acting  Colonial  Architect  during  1868-65,  and  occupied  the 
full  position  from  1866  to  1890,  when  the  title  of  his  office  was  changed 
to  that  of  Government  Architect. 

This  western  fagade  of  the  building  evidently  met  with  approval,  for 
we  read  in  "  Lawrence  Frost's  Compendium  of  his  Views  of  Australia  " 
(no  date)   that  this  front  : — 

"  Shows  one  of  the  most  classic  and  well-proportioned  specimens  of  architecture 
to  be  seen  in  Sydney." 

Again,  in  "  William  Maddocks'  Visitors'  Guide  to  Sydney,"  1872,  is 
the  following  flowery  description  : — 

"  The  building  is  a  large,  massive,  and  beautiful  edifice,  of  a  bold  style  of 
IJoman  or  Grecian  architecture  ....  The  site  of  t\w  l)uildin<x 
required  a  style  of  architecture  wliicii  would  be  effective  when  viewed 
from  a  great  distance.  The  tympanum  of  the  pediment  has  been  left 
plain,  some  day  it  will  probably  be  graced  with  a  colossal  emblematical 
group.  Internally  the  ground  and  first  floors  of  the  new  buikbng  are 
about  2()()  feet  in  length,  35  feet  wide,  and  23  feet  high  ;  eacli  gallory 
being  divided  into  five  compartments  by  means  of  Corinthian  coluiims." 

The  practice  of  exhibiting  all  new  material  or,  at  any  rate,  as  nuu-li 
of  it  as  possible  at  lioard  Meetings,  tirst  came  iido  vogue  in  Februai'y, 
1858,  by  resolution,  and  has  continued  ever  since-'-.  Books  had  now  beeji 
acquired  eithei'  by  purchase  in  a  mt)dei"ate  way,  or  by  gift,  from  the  time 
of  the  Hrst  arrival  of  the  Col]ectit)ns  in  College  Street,  but  the  flrst 
indication  of  libi-ary  activities  proper  occurred  in  August,  185()-'''',  when 
the  Secretary  was  instructed  to  prepai-e  a  list  of  all  the  books  in  the 
Trustees'  possession,  and  a  trifle  later  a.  Inbiaiy  Committee  was  formed. 
These  transactions  unquestionably  foinied  tlic^  niiclt'us  of  the  magniflcent 
Library  now  connected  with  the  Institution.  In  the  Annual  Kejiort  for 
l858^i'*' it  was   reported   that  £140  had  been  allotted  for  erection  of  book 


20. til 
•-'""  Minutes,  2n(l  .May,  IHdl  ;    Documcnl  \ 

32 
-"'  ,,  2nd  May  and  1st  .\ugust,  IHfil  :    Lcltcr-lx.ok  ii.,  p.  2. 

•-'"•   Annual  Keport  for  IHIiJ  (1H()2),  p.  2. 
-'■-'  Minutes,  (ith  February,  18.J8. 
21-         ,,  2nil  August,  18,-5(1. 

■i'^  Annual  Report  for  1858  (185i»),  p.  2. 


IllK    Al'sriiAMAN     Ml'SKUM EAKI.Y     HISTdltV ETHKI.'I  ImIK.  885 

cases  ill  tlio  JJoard  liooiii,  but.  this  cifctimi  wiis  loiitj  (U-ljivcd  :is 
usual;  Swainsoii's  Library  was  also  pmcbiiscd  IVoui  his  widow.  Soiiu-- 
wliat  later  £500  was  granted  to  be  speid  in  London  on  Induiir  of  the 
Trnst  by  Dr.  G.  Bennett,  Mr.  G.  Macleay,  and  Piofessor  Owen-'\ 

Tlie  ari'ivnl  of  the  Austi'iiin  Ki'ijjate  "  Novaia,"  on  n  supposed 
seientitic  expedition  iironnd  the  worhl,  gave  :i  stimulus  to  t  he  Ivvcliaiige 
activities  oi"  tlie  Ti'ustees  and  enabh'd  them  : — 

"to  open   coiinmiuiciition   witli   tli<'    Austrian    (Jovcrnincnt    and   the    Inqn'rinl 
Museum  at  Vienna." 

A  large  general  collection  was  Inmded  over  to  tlie  ship's  oilicers-"'. 
At  the  same  time  from  the  Hiitish  Musenm  were  received  tlie  following 
important  replicas,  skulls  of  the  Slvnt/ierliim  (ji(iitiileitni,  South  American 
Ground  Sloth  {Moijaflieriuni  (jif/itiiteum),  Cave  Bear  ('^y•.s■/^s•  spcln'iis),  and 
the  foot  of  the  Dodo  (Didus  ineptnii).  Exchange  matters  were  in  fact 
pi'ogressing  so  satisfactorily  that  it  became  necessary  to  appoint  a  Londcni 
agent  "for  the  transmission  of  books  to  and  from  the  Continent  of 
Europe"  in  the  pei-sons  of  Messrs.  Flower  and  Co.,  afterwards  FIowtM- 
and  Salting. 

The  seat  of  Frederick  Oi-me  Darvall,  Esq.,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
first  Board  in  1853,  lapsed  in  September,  1858,  and  to  fill  the  vacancy 
Alfred  Robei'ts,  Esq.,  Surgeon,  was  elected  in  October^i". 

Shortly  after  the  adoption  of  the  new  By-laws  advantage  was  taken 
of  the  9tli  and  10th  to  elect  Mr.  Lindsay  Buckle  Young,  of  Gladstone, 
Queensland,  an  Honoiary  Correspondent  of  the  Museum,  in  recognition 
of  his  liberal  donations  of  specimens^is.  In  July  of  the  next  year  (1857) 
Frederick  Raynor,  Esq.,  Surgeon  of  H.M.S.  "  Herald,"  Captain  Denham, 
and  John  Denis  Macdonald,  Assistant-Surgeon  of  the  same  vessel,  were 
similarly  elected--^.  All  these  gentlemen  had  performed  excellent 
investigations  in  marine  life,  and  the  Museum  gained  much  benefit 
thereby-20.  Another  valued  Correspondent  was  Frederick  Neville  Isaacs, 
Esq.,  of  Gowrie,  Darling  Downs,  elected  in  recognition  of  his  energetic 
collecting  of  fossil  bones  from  the  Post-Tertiary  deposits  of  South-east 
Queensland^-i,   amongst   others    that    much    disputed    skull    Zinjuirittiiiriiti 

215  Minutes,  4th  November,  1858,  and  3rd  March,  1859. 
2ifi  Annual  Report  for  1858  (1859),  p.  1. 

21V  Annual    Report    for    1858     (1859),     p.    2;     Minutes,     7th    October,     1858; 
10.58 
Document  B  — -— 
11 
^i"*  Minutes,  7th  June,  and  5th  July,  185<5 ;   Letter-book,  i.,  p.  Ki:! 

21S         ,,         4th  July,  1857  ;   Annual  Report  for  1858  (1859),  p.  2. 

220  Assistant-Surgeon  Macdonald  was  a  particularly  keen  naturalist  and  wrote 
extensively.  Some  of  his  more  important  publications  were — Anatomy  of  the  Pelagic 
JasoaiUa;  that  oi  Nmitilns  umhilicaius;  of  MiicgiUirrayia,  establishing  a  new  Order 
of  Gasteropoda ;  on  the  Sea  Saw-dust  of  the  Pacific ;  deep  soundings  obtained  by 
H.M.S.  "Herald"  m  the  South-west  Pacific;  anew  form  of  Compound  Tunicate; 
Anatomy  and  Classification  of  the  Heteropoda  ;  Anatomy  of  Fico/a  ;  metamori^hoses 
of  the  Gasteropoda,  and  many  other  papers. 

221  Minutes,  5th  March.  1858;  Annual  Report  for  1857  (1858).  p.  2  ;  Ibid,  for 
1858  (1859),  p.  2. 


386 


T^ECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALTAX    MUSEUM. 


trilohus,  Macleay-—.  A  diploma  plat-e  was  engiaved  by  Messrs,  Allan  and 
Wigle}-,  Litliogi^apliers  and  Engi-avers,  of  Bi-idge  Street  (Fig.  16),  the 
animal  group  at  the  head  by  Secretary  Angas,  so  well  known  and 
appreciated  for  his  artistic  ability---^. 


AUSTRALIAN   .^UFSETM 

HONOKAin'    C OHUKSl'ONDKNT  </  /^/ 


r/f  r/z/'^y///'/ 


V 


/■/f //fC  '/'  a//////r/ /r  'y///.!i// /////r  Jt/// //•/■/ 


)./)i».-lMU 


Pio.   10. 


The  Rev.  Robert  Lethbridge  King,  a  son  of  Admiial  I'.  P.  King, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  old  Committee  from  IStS  onwards,  and  in 
consequence  one  of  the  first  group  of  Trustees,  i-esigned  in  December, 
lj^572it_  w\^  ^^■?ii  was  tilled  b\'  the  election  of  Alfred  Deiiisoii,  Ksq., 
M.A.,  on  8i-d  Mai'ch,  isr).^--''. 

The  Cuiatorsliip  of  Mi-.  W.  S.  Wall  terniinati'd  at  the  end  of  this  year 
(1858),  his  retii'enient  on  Mist  Deccniljcr  hcinof  due  to  ill-licalth.  (See 
Part  i.,  p.  78.) 


2-'-i  So(j  p.  mo. 

■'■-'3  For  instance  his  "South  Aaslralia  ilhistralc'l"  (loy.  foli,.),  ISKi. 


'-'-■'  Minutos,  (itli  Kflini;irv.    ls,")S;    Ddriiin.'iil   1! 
225  Minutes,  Cth  K.-luuarv  aail  WvA  Maivli,   l«:jH. 


l,rlt.T-l,n.:l;.  i..  ]..   LSI, 


THE    AUSTRALIAN     MUSEI'M KAKLV     llISTOItY ETll  KItlDdF..  :i87 

Two  Trustees  wlio  could  ill  be  spared  resigned  at  tlie  beginning  of 
1M59,  in  consequence  of  visiting  Kuiope,  Sir  George  Macleay  and  i)r. 
George  Bennett,  both  members  of  tlie  old  Committee,  their  names 
appearing  on  the  tii-st  collective  list  in  18:?().  Sir  George  resigned  on  :*>rd 
February,  ISSK--",  and  was  succeeded  by  Randolph  John  Want,  Esq.,  who 
was  elected  .Srd  Marcli,  for  the  second  time--". 

By  now  tlie  collection  of  mineials  must  have  reached  respectable 
pi'oportions  and  required  overhauling  and  classittcation.  A  Dr.  Gygax, 
apparently  a  German  of  sorts,  happened  to  be  in  Sydney  at  the  time  and 
through  tiie  instrumentality  of  Mi'.'  R.  H.  Want  his  services  wei-e  engaged 
in  August--'^  ;   by  October,  however,  the  unfortunate  man  was  dead--". 

The  Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke  resigned  his  Elective  Trusteeship  iu  March, 
1859,  but  was  again  elected  in  January,  1861230. 

On  the  retirement  of  Wall,  the  subject  of  his  successor  evidently 
became  a  bui-ning  question  amongst  the  Tinistees.  The  Governor-General 
(Sir  W.  T.  Denisou)  as  an  Elective  Trustee,  interested  himself  in  the 
matter  and  wrote  Sir  George  Macleay,  then  in  London,  indicating  very 
clearly  the  necessary  qualifications  of  candidates  for  the  office  of  Curator, 
etc  231  On  3rd  March'-^-,  1859,  a  resolution  was  passed  commissioning 
George  Macleay  iu  conjunction  with  Professor  Owen  to  select  a  suitable 
•  person.  In  due  course  (October  17th)  this  Committee  forwarded  the 
name  of  the  gentleman  selected  in  the  person  of  Mr.  Simon  Rood  Pittard, 
M.R.C.S.,  who,  accompanied  by  his  family,  arrived  in  Sydney  in  the  ship 
"  Lausdowue "  on  5th  February,  1860-33.  He  was  instructed  to  devote 
himself  exclusively  to  the  duties  of  his  office  inclusive  of  the  delivery  of 
lectures  on  "the  different  branches  of  Natural  History."  These  lectures 
were  delivered  in  the  Board  Roomys*. 

The  retirement  of  Mr.  Wall,  the  resignation  of  the  Secretaryship  by 
Mr.  Angas  as  from  1st  March,  1860^35,  and  who  had  served  in  that 
capacity"since  July,  1853,  with  the  arrival  of  Dr.  Pittard,  brought  about 
a  reorganisation  of  the  staff.  The  Committee  appointed  for  the  purpose 
recommended  the  two  offices  of  Curator  and   Secretary236  to  be   combined, 

20.59 

226  Minutes,  3rcl  February,  1859;   Document  — — ■;  Letter-book,  i.,  p.  200. 

227  Annual  Report  for  1859  (1860),  p.  2. 

228  Minutes,  7th  May  and  4th  August,  1859. 

229  ,,         6th  October,  1859. 

23»  Letter-book,  i.,  pp.  201  and  233. 
20.59 

2-1  Document  B.B. ;   Letter-book,  i.,  p.  203. 

5 
10.59 

2:i2  Document  B.  

10 
2:5:i  Annual  Repo-t  for  1860  (1861),  p.  2. 

234  Minutes,  loth  June,  I860. 

235  ,,         7tli  December,  1859. 

10.60 
2"«  Document  A 

I 


388  RECORDS    OP    THE    ADSTRALTAN    MUSEUM. 

Dr.  Pittard  to  occupy  tlie  position,  an  Assistant  Curator  and  Clerk  in  one 
to  be  appointed,  Taxideiniist  and  Messenger,  and  an  Office-Keeper^s?. 
Pittard,  previously  known  as  Curator  and  Lecturer,  was  to  assume  the 
title  of  Curator  and  Secretary,  although  the  lectures  were  not  to  be 
abandoned.      His  duties  in  full  were  defined  as  follows  : — 

"  Should  attend  the  Meetings  of  the  Trustees;  should  keep  the  Minutes  of  the 
Board  ;  be  responsible  for  tlie  care,  arrangement  and  cataloguing  of  the 
property  of  the  Museum,  and  give  at  least  two  courses  of  lectures  per 
annum-"-'*." 

However,  poor  Pittard  did  not  live  long  to  enjoy  his  honouis  ;  he 
died  of  consumption  on  19tli  August,  1862-'^-*. 

The  gentleman  selected  to  611  the  position  of  Assistant  Curator  and 
Clerk  was  a  German,  Joliann  Louis  Gerhard  Krefft  ;  the  date  of  his 
appointment  was  15th  June,  1860,  and  his  position  was  defined  as: — 

"  Under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  and  Curator  for  the  purpose  of  copying 
the  Minutes  and  Correspondence  of  the  Board,  and  for  arranging  the 
specimens  in  the  Museum-^"." 

On  Pittard's  death  he  automatically  gravitated  into  the  position  of 
Acting  Curator  and  Secretary24i. 

Amongst  the  numerous  applicants  for  the  Curatorship  at  the  time  of 
Pittard's  selection  was  Henry  Edwards,  the  Actoi-,  a  well  known 
Entomologist,  and  "  all  i-ound  Naturalist,"  whose  application-*-  was  dated 
"  Sydney,  February  2nd,  1860  ;"  the  writer  of  tliis  account  had  the 
pleasure  of  Edwards'  acquaintance. 

The  Pittard  family  returned  to  England  in  October,  1861,  passages 
having  been  provided  by  the  Govern m en t^*''. 

The  Governor-General  (Sir  W.  T.  Denison)  resigned  his  Trusteeship 
3rd  Jannary,  1861-**^  when  an  address  was  piepared.  The  Board  has 
never  had,  as  one  of  its  membei's,  a  more  active  and  zealous  colleague, 
who  did  everything  in  his  power  to  advance  the  interests  of  the  Institution. 
Amongst  many  of  the  matters  brought  forward  by  him  was  the  ap[)oint- 
ment  of  a  Collector,  whose  whole  time  was  to  be  employed  out  of  doors  ; 
the  remarks  made  on  this  occasion  by  His  Excellency  show  him  to  have 
been  a  keen  student  of  practical  zoology.  He  also  suggested  the 
immediate    commencement    of  a    "  Catalogue    of    the   Specimens   in    the 


-':*'  Minutes,  15th  March,  1800. 

-'«»*  ,,  15th  March,  lH(iO. 

2«»         ,,         22nd  August,  18()1  ;    .\nnual  Report  for  1861  (1862),  p.  1. 

30.60 
^1"  Minutes,  J 5th  June,  I860;  Document  B.B. 

2 
■^■•i   Annual  Report  for  18(51  (1862),  p.  1  ;    Minutes,  2;hd  August,  1861. 

-^•-  Document  H  10..50. 

-•«   Minutes,  :<rd  Oftolicr.  1861. 

•-'■••'  ,,  :<r<l  January,  1861, 


.f  51 


I'HK    AI'STI.'AI.IAN    MCSKUM — KAI.'I.V    lllSTnU'V !•:  Ill  URI  Im;k.  '.\Si) 

Museum,"  wit.li  a  view  of  aiding  Excliaiiges-^'' ;  Aiigas  was  instructed  to 
coiniiuiieiice  one  of  Shells,  and  Wall  anotliei-  of  Biids.  Sif  W.  T. 
Denisoii  was  also  I'esponsible  for  tlie  addition  of  lists  of  all  specinienK 
obtained  eitlier  by  exchange  t)i' donation  to  the  Annual  Re[)(jrt  saying-*^'* : — 

"We  shall  then  be  in  a  position  to  show  that  an  aihUtiitnal  iUiihhn^'  is  a 
matter  of  necessity." 

In    January,    1859,   Sir    William    further    proposed    tlie   preparation 

"  Brief  set  of  plain  and  practical  instriictions  for  collectin<r  and  preservinj^  the 
various  specimens  of  Natural  History  for  j^cneral  circulation  throu<rhout 
the  Colony-^'." 

It  was,  however,  discovered  that  Mr.  John  Macgillivray  had  already 
prepared  and  publislied  sucli  instructions,  under  the  title  of  : — 

"Hints  on  the  Preservation  of  Specimens  of  Natural  History,  intended  for 
Country  Residents--*'^." 

Tliese  were  adopted  by  the  Board,  but  only  a  limited  number  could 
have  been  issued  ;  a  copy  does  not  exist  in  the  Museum  Library.  The 
appearance  of  the  lists  in  the  Animal  Reports  just  referred  to  continued 
for  many  years,  in  fact  until  1899,  when  the  practice  was  discontinued. 

Previous  to  1860  the  Endowment  of  £1,000  represented  the  income 
of  the  Museum,  other  than  special  votes  for  purchases  and  what  not,  but 
in  1857  the  Trustees  were  promised  an  additional  £200  to  supplement 
the  then  existing  Annual  Endowment^*^.  This,  however,  did  not 
eventuate  until  early  in  1860^^^. 

The  Governor-General's  resignation  was  followed  by  that  of  his 
relative,  Alfred  Denison,  Esq.,  M.A.,  on  the  1st  March,  ISeO'-^^i,  who  had 
served  since  March,  1858.  His  seat  was  tilled  by  the  election  of  Sir  John 
Hay,  K.C.M.G.,  M.A.,  elected  on  the  same  day. 

The  seat  vacated  by  Sir  William  Denison  was  filled  by  the  election 
of  William  John  Macleay,  Esq.,  on  the  7th  March,  1861.  Professor  J. 
Smith  i-esigned  in  Decembei',  1860-^2.  aud  was  succeeded  by  Dr.  George 
Bennett  in  Januaiy,  1861,  a  re-election-^a.  gji-  William  Macarthur's 
Trusteeship  lapsed  in  December,  1861-^*,   creating  a  vacancy  filled  in   the 

-*•'  jyjinutes,  2nd  June,  1858. 

-MB 

-J'  ,,         3rd  February,  1859. 

-*"  Cox  and  Co.'s  Australian  Almanac  for  the  year  1857  (8vo.,  Sydney),  pp. 
904)8. 

10.50 

-*'■>  Documents  57/3777,  G 

1 
•^5"  aiinutes,  15th  March,  1860. 

10.  (iO 

'■'^         ,,         7th  December,  1859,  an  1  Document  B 

15 
■i'-i  ,,         fith  December,  1860. 

■i-w  Annual  Report  for  1860  (1861),  p.  2. 
-5-«  Minutes,  5th  December,  1861. 


390  KECOKDS    OF    THK    AUSTKALIAN    MUSEUM. 

following  February,  by  W.  J.  Stephens,  Esq.,  M.A.,  late  Fellow  of 
Queen's  College,  Oxford,  and  Head  Master  of  the  Sydney  Grammar 
School-55. 

The  address  spoken  of  before  was  made  to  His  Excellency  at  a 
levee  held  on  the  19th  January.  The  all-important  paragraph  to  us  is 
the  following-^'': — 

"  We  are  very  sensiV)le  of  the  very  vahiaV>le  services  which  yon  have  invana))ly 
rendered  to  it  [the  Museum]  and  to  the  Cause  of  Science  generally  during 
the  whole  period  of  Your  Excellency's  administration  of  the  Government. 
Your  constant  attendance  at  the  meetings  of  the  board,  the  anxious 
desire  which  you  have  ever  evinced  to  promote  in  every  possible  way  the 
Scientific  objects  which  the  institution  is  designed  to  foster  ;  the  courtesy 
which  has  at  all  times  distinguished  Your  Excellency  when  presiding  at 
the  Trustee  meetings,  and  your  numerous  valuable  donations  to  the 
institution  all  constitute  claims  on  our  gratitude,  which  we  feel  it  to  be 
our  duty  to  acknowledge  in  terms  of  unqualified  satisfaction." 

Amongst  the  more  important  acquisitions  made  about  this  time  was 
that  of  a  collection  of  minerals  and  ores  from  Mr,  Louis  Saemann,  of 
Paris,  which  arrived  in  1861.  The  purchase  was  i-ecommended  by  the 
Rev.  W.  B.  Clarke,  the  Legislature  having  granted  a  special  appropriation 
of  £200  for  the  purpose'^57. 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  Pittard  a  heated  discussion,  extending  over  a 
long  period,  took  place  between  the  Trustees  and  the  Government  as  to 
the  body  i^esponsible  for  the  appointment  of  a  Curator.  This  appears  to 
have  commenced  by  the  Colonial  Secretary  (Honourable  Charles  Cowper) 
requesting  to  be  informed-^s  of  the  manner  in  which  the  vacant  position 
might  be  advantageously  filled.  The  Trustees  in  reply  stated  their 
intention  of  taking  immediate  steps  to  fill  the  vacancy'^59^  Xn  the  Colonial 
Secretary's  reply  occurred  this  significant  passage : — 

"You  will  ....  understand  than  any  arrangement  proposed  will  be 
subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Government-''"." 

To  this  the  Trustees,  under  date  of  5th  December-,  I'eplied  hy  quoting 
the  7th  clause  of  the  Act  of  Incorporation,  which  gave,  and  still  giA'es 
them  power  "  to  appoint  all  Officers  and  servants  of  the  Museum-''^." 
The  Colonial  Secretary  interpreted  this  clause  verj-  differently  by 
restricting  the  Trustees'  privilege  to  those  appointments-'^-  : — 

•-•55  Annual  Report  for  1802  (1863-4),  p.  1;  Minutes,  6th  Februaiy,  1862; 
Letter-book,  ii.,  p.  46. 

-'•'«  Annual  Report  for  1860  (1861),  p.  2;    Letter-book,  i.,  p.  235. 
-57  Minutes,  liith  June,  I860;   Letter-liouk,  ii.,  p.  15. 

iO.fil 

■iS''  Letter  of  31st  Oct.,  1861;   Minutes,   7th  Nov.,  1861;   Document  L.B.  ■ 

1 
40.61 

•-■'»  Minutes,  8th  Novc'inber,  1861;    Document  15.15. 

2 

40.61 

■Mi)  2nd  December,  1861  ;    Documents  ()l-4745  and  15.15. 

3 
40.61 
-'"i   Document  15. Ii.  —    -;   Letter-hook,  ii.,  p.  25. 
17 

lo.(il 

'-'«-■  Letter  of  11th  December;    Documents  ()1/517!»  and  15.15.  

<) 


TllK    AISI  UAIJAN     MUSEUM KAIM-V     IllSIORV K  I  II  |.  i;l  Im;K.  ijKl 

"  Km-  wliii'h  Siilai'ios  arc  providcil  out  uf  llm  Enilowiiicul  ^n-aiili'il  liy  tln';<r<l 
section  of  the  samo  Act.  Hut  tlic  ollict?  of  Curator,  liaviii;^  Ikmmi  crcat«'<l 
sul>si'(iu(>ntly  to  th*>  jiassin^  of  that  Law  and  the  StipiMul  ai)i)ropriat<'<l  by 
a  special  vote  of  thi*  LiM^islaturo.  must  )>o  considercil  as  coniin^^  umlcr  tliu 
;<7tli  clause  of  the  Constitution  Act,  which  vests  all  appointments  in  the 
(uivernor  and  Executive  Council." 

Diii'iiig  tlii«  year  tlie  greatest  beiiefactoi-  of  Natural  .Science  Australia 
has  yet  seen,  joined  tlie  Board — William  .lolin  Macleay — in  Marcli, 
ISdl'-"^,  one  widely  known  for  liis  public  and  juivate  munificence  and 
scientitic  .attainments. 

The  Trustees  again  wrote  in  .huiuary  stoutly  maintaining  tlieii-  right 
to  the  appointment  ot"  all  persons  in  their  employ,  and  asking  permission 
to  send  a  deputation  from  their  body  to  discuss  the  matter  with  tli6 
Colonial  Secretary-*^K  To  neither  the  letter  or  the  request  to  be  receiv^ed 
was  any  answer  sent  until  27th  March,  when  tlie  Colonial  Secretary  not 
only  reiterated  his  former  arguments,  but  adduced  others  in  support  of 
his  contention,  and  finally  declined  to  give  way-'^5_  After  furtlier 
correspondence,  a  Sub-Committee  appointed  by  the  Trustees  drew  up 
cei'tain  resolutions  which  were  forwai"ded  to  the  Govei'nment. 

It  will  clear  the  stage  for  further  proceedings  of  a  like  nature, 
should  such  ever  arise,  if  these  be  quoted  In  e.denso. 

1 .  That  by  the  Act  of  Incorporation  the  ajipointment   of  all  the  officers  of  the 

Institution  is  by  law  invested  m  them  only. 

2.  That  the  Trustees  are  of  opinion,  that   the  Legislature  having   voted  an 

amount  for  Salary  of  Curator  whilst  this  law  existed,  must  be  taken  to 
have  granted  it  with  the  knowledge  that  the  appointment  should  rest  with 
the  Trustees,  and  therefore  that  they  are  entitled  to  the  disposition  for 
that  purpose  of  the  amount  so  voted. 

3.  That  independently  of  the  question  as  to  the  right  of  appointment  of  the 

Curator,  which  of  course  also  confers  the  right  of  dismissal,  the  Trustees 
are  of  opinion  that  they  would  not  have  that  control  over  an  officer  not 
appointed  by  them  which  would  be  essential  to  the  due  management  of 
the  Museum. 

4.  That  the   Curator  is  not  an  officer  of  the    Government  but    officer  of  an 

Institution  endowed  Vjy  the  Parliament  in  the  same  manner  as  the 
University,  the  Benevolent  Asylum,  the  Sychiey  Infirmary,  and  similar 
Institutions. 

5.  That  the  Government  has  already  recognised  the  right  of  the  Trustees  to 

appoint  the  Curator.  In  the  case  of  Mr.  Pittard  this  appointment  was 
made  by  them  through  the  instrumentality  of  His  Excellency,  Sir  W.  T. 
Denison,  acting  as  one  of  the  elected  members  of  the  Board,  and  not  as 
Governor-General,  as  communicated  by  their  Secretary's  letter  to  you, 
from  which  the  following  is  an  extract :  — 

"lam  directed  by  the  Trustees  to  inform  you  that,  having  trusted 
"  the  selection  of  a  competent  gentleman  to  fill  the  office  of  Curator 
"to  Professor  Owen  and  Mr.  George  Macleay,  they  have  after  much 
"trouble  and  enquiry  chosen  Mr.  S.  R.  Pittard,  a  memV)er  of  the 
"  Royal  College  of  Surgeons  of  London  and  Demonstrator  of  Anatomy 
"  at  the  Grosvenor  Place  School,  as  the  most  eligible  of  candidates 
"  who  presented  themselves  for  appointment." 

■-'«  Minutes,  7th  February  and  7th  March,  18(il. 
-fiJ  ,,  2nd  and  'Jth  January,  18<52  ;    Letter-book,  ii.,  p.  ;J5. 

4-0.62 

•■^«'  Documents  (52/8()  and  B.B.  

12 


392  iiECOKr>s  OF  the  ausikaman  museum. 

The  Colonial  Secretary's  rei>ly  of  the  24'th  February,  1860,  acknowled<^ed 
the  receipt  of  the  above  letter  and  in  his  second  paragraph  states  as 
follows  :  — 

"In  reply  I  am   directed  by  the  Colonial  Secretary  to  state,   that  no 
"  payment  can  }>e  allowed  except  the  sums  actually   agreed  to  or  paid 
"by  the  gentlemen  who  undertook  to  make  the  engagement." 
The  Trustees  consider  that  it  is  clear  from  this   correspondence   that  the 
right  of  the  Trustees  was  not  disputed  by  the  Government. 

(j.  That  with  respect  to  the  despatch  addressed  V)y  His  Excellency,  Sir  W.  T. 
Denison  to  the  Secretary  of  State  and  the  reply  to  that  despatch,  it  is 
sufficient  to  state  that  neither  the  Board  nor  any  of  its  members  were 
aware  of  either  of  them,  and  that  no  copy  of  that  reply  stated  to  have 
been  forwarded  to  them  has  ever  been  received  by  the  Trustees. 

7.  Tliat  the  Trustees  regret  the  determination  which  the  Colonial  Secretary 

has  arrived  at  as  the  non-appointment  of  a  Curator  at  a  time  when  his 
services  are  particularly  required  must  materially  injure  not  only  the 
Institution  but  the  Public  by  depriving  them  of  the  lectures  the  Curator 
would  give. 

8.  The  Trustees  cannot  for  the  reasons  hereinbefore  given  consent  to  incur  the 

responsibility  of  managing  an  Institution  with  an  officer  who  would  iu 
fact  be  independent  of  their  control,  and  they  therefore  cannot  admit  the 
right  of  the  Government  to  the  appointment  nor  indeed  the  policy  of 
vesting  it  in  any  other  body  but  the  Trustees. 

9.  Under  the  circumstances  the  Trustees  must  endeavour  to  the  V>est  of  their 

ability  to  carry  on  the  Institution  with  the  present  Acting  Curator  who 
also  fills  the  office  of  Secretary  and  whose  joint  occupation  will  necessarily 
prevent  him  from  devoting  all  that  care  as  Curator  which  the  Museum 
imperatively  demands.  The  blame  should  the  Institution  not  prosper  as 
the  Trustees  would  desire  will  not  rest  with  them. 

10.  The  Trustees  are  under  the  impression  that  the  Government  only  refuse  to 
them  the  right  of  the  appointment  of  Curator  from  a  belief  that  the 
Constitution  Act  of  the  Colony  renders  it  imperative  on  the  Government 
to  nominate  such  an  officer,  an  interpretation  of  the  law  in  which  this 
Board  cannot  concur.  They  would  suggest  however  to  the  Colonial 
Secretary  that  in  order  to  solve  the  difficulty  the  Government  should  place 
the  amount  of  the  Salary  of  the  Curator  on  the  ensuing  Estimates  as  an 
addition  to  the  endowment  fund  incUspensible  to  the  proper  management 
of  the  Institution. 

11.  The  Trustees  are  extremely  anxious  to  procure  the  services  of  a  thoroughly 
qualified  Curator,  and  if  the  salary  lie  grantecl  propose  to  request  two  or 
more  of  the  most  distinguished  naturalists  in  England  to  select  such  a 
person  for  the  appointment.  At  present  they  have  heard  of  no  person 
qualified  for  the  office. 

And  lieie  tlie  inattei'  rested,  to  all  intents  and  purposes,  for  upwards 
of  two  years,  in  fact,  until  the  28th  April,  18H4.  In  the  meantime  the 
Trustees  expressed  their  annoyance  and  difficulties  as  follows-'^' : — 

"The  Trustees  have  with  much  regret  to  report  that  the  Museum  is  sutlVring 
from  the  want  of  the  services  of  an  efficient  Curator,  though  the 
Legislature  has  voted  a  liberal  sum  for  the  salary  of  such  an  Officer.  .  . 
.  .  Th(!  Trustees  have  been  withheld  from  proceeding  to  obtain  a 
Curator  by  the  refusal  of  the  Government  to  recognise  the  right  of  the 
Trustees  to  api)oint  such  an  Officer,  or  even  to  make  arrangements  for  the 
selection  of  an  individual  to  fill  that  office." 


-•'•'i  Annual  Keport  for  ISOli  (18i;;i-l),  p. 


•I'lIR    ATSIRALUN    MI'SKI'M EARl.V     HISTOI.'V Fill  KIM  Ih  IK.  893 

However,  on  the  2Stli  April,  1864,  a  change  came  o'er  tlie  scene, 
noUiing  less  than  a  complete  siin'Oiulcr  on  the  ptirt  of  the  anthotiiies,  in 
these  words'-""  :  — 

"The  Crown  Law  Oflicers,  who  have  heen  consulted  on  the  point,  h:iv<'  a«lvis*Ml 
that  the  Ottice  of  Curator  slmuM  he  left  in  the  hands  of  the  Trustees  of 
the  Museum." 

The  Trustees  naturally  expiesseil  their  gratification-''*^  that  the 
Executive  Council  had  at  last  recognised  as  a  ])rinciple  the  position  they 
had  so  long  maintained.      Their  letter  concludes  with  these  words: — 

"The  Ti-ustees  have  had  no  hesitation  in  electinj^  Mr.  Cierar<l  Krelft  who  lias 
been  in  sole  chari^e  of  the  Museum  since  Au-^ust,  IHfJl,  (having  heen 
also  enij^a^ed  as  Assistant  since  June,  18(50),  and  has  durin<^  the  whole  of 
this  period  •'iveu  the  uiost  satisfactory  evidence  of  energy,  ability,  and 
enthusiasm,  in  his  work-""." 

At  the  same  time  an  Assistant-Curator  of  "  considerable  practical 
experience  in  the  person  of  Mr.  George  Masters  "  was  appointed-"^'. 

About  the  middle  of  1861  the  Trustees  were  appealed  to  by  the 
Commissioners  of  the  International  Exhibition  to  be  held  in  London  in 
1862  for  co-operation  in  the  supply  of  specimens  of  Natural  History. 
The  Tx'ustees  declined  to  assist,  and  offered  the  Commissioners  a  very 
sensible  piece  of  advice-"^,  viz.: — 

"Send  into  the  interior  persons  properly  qualified  to  collect  and  arrange 
Zoological  and  Mineralogical  Specimens." 

A  survival,  at  the  present  time,  is  that  of  a  rule  passed  in  November, 
1861,  through  the  instrumentality  of  Alfred  Roberts,  Esq.,  by  which  no 
servant  of  the  Trust  is  allow^ed  to  sell  or  otherwise  deal  in'  specimens  or 
collections  such  as  are  represented  in  the  Museum. 

The  year  1862  was  remarkable  for  the  number  of  changes  that  took 
place  on  the  Board.  The  seat  of  John  Hay,  P]sq.,  M.L.A.,  lapsed  in 
January-'''-,  but  he  was  re-elected  in  Mai^ch-'"^  to  succeed  Charles 
Nicholson,  whose  seat  had  lapsed  in  the  previous  February,  Mr.  Hay's 
position    becoming   occupied   by   Edward   Smith    Hill,    Esq.,  in   March'-"*, 


40.64 

->8"  Documents  64/2290  and  B.B. 

14 

64 
2fis  Document   B.B.  j^;    Letter-book,    ii.,    p.    156,    5th  May,  1864.     The   full 

correspondence    will   be    found   in    the   "Votes   and    Proceedings" — "Curator   of 

Australian  Museum  (correspondence  respecting  appointment  of),"  ;55A.,  1862. 

2fi9  Annual  Report  for  1864  (1865),  pp.  1  and  2. 

-'"  Minutes,  2nd  June,  1864;   Letter-book,  ii.,  p.  155. 

2"!         ,,         6th  June,  1861. 

'^•?2         ,,  2nd  January,  1862  ;   Annual  Report  for  1862  (1863-4),  p.  1. 

•i"  ,,         6th  March,  1862;   Letter-book,  ii.,  p.  49. 

-'*  ,,  „         ,,  „  ,,  ..       ii-,  P-  48. 


394  RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSKDM. 

Colonial  Architect  James  Bainet,  who  completed  the  West  Wing, 
commenced  by  Colonial  Architects  Dawson,  became  an  Official  Trustee 
in  December  in  virtue  of  his  office-"'^. 

For  twenty  or  more  yeais  that  eminent  Natui'alist,  William  Sharp 
Macleay,  gave  his  best  energies  to  the  welfai^e  of  tlie  Institution. 
Committeeman  from  1S41  to  1853,  Elective  Tiustee  from  1853  onwai'ds, 
ill-health  compelled  him  to  resign  in  Januai'y,  1862-"'\  The  Board 
presented  him  with  an  Address,  a  copj'  of  which  is  herewith  given. 

"To  William  Sharp  Macleay,  Esq.,  A.M.,  F.L.S..  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 
Sir, 

We  the  undersif^ned  Trustees  of  the  Australian  Museum  cannot  allow 
the  occasion  of  your  resig'nation  to  pass  without  expressing  to  you  the 
great  regret  with  which  we  liave  learnt,  that  the  state  of  your  healtli  has 
rendered  the  step  imperative.  We  the  more  regret  your  retirement, 
because  we  are  sensifile  of  the  value  and  prestige  which  apjjertain  to  your 
name  as  that  of  one  who  has  largely  contri))uted  to  the  advancement  of 
those  objects  of  Science  which  the  institution  is  intended  to  promote. 

We  gladly  avail  ourselves  of  the  opportunity  to  record  our  high 
appreciation  of  the  valuaVjle  services  in  which  you  have  on  all  occasions 
rendered  to  the  Institution  during  the  long  period,  now  extending  over 
twenty  years,  that  you  have  been  a  member  of  the  Board. 

We  shall  glatlly  avail  ourselves  of  the  further  assistance  which  you 
have  kindly  proffered. 

In  conclusion  we  have  much  pleasure  in  expressing  to  you  our  earnest 
wish  that  with  improved  health  you  may  long  enjoy  the  solace  of  indulging 
in  those  Literary  and  philosophical  researches  which  have  gained  for  you 
a  high  reputation  throughout  the  civilised  world. 

We  have  the  honor  to  subscribe  ourselves, 
Sir, 

Your  most  obedient  humble  Servants, 
(Sig.)  George  Bennett,  M.D.  E.  Deas  Thomson,  Chairman. 

Alfred  Koberts  George  E.  Turner 

E.  J.  Want  William  J.  Stephens 

William  Macleay  Edward  S.  Hill." 

The  first  regular  proposal  to  keep  Specimen  Kegistei's,  as  we  know 
them  now,  seems  to  have  emanated  from  Alfred  Roberts,  Esq.,  who  in 
March  carried  the  following  resolution-''":  — 

"  That  it  lie  the  special  duty  of  the  Curator  or  Acting-Curator  to  keep  or  liave 
kept  a  tabulated  Account  of  all  specimens  received  into  the  Museum 
which  shall  emV)ody  the  following  points  and  1)0  laid  before  each  Montiily 
Board  Meeting. 

1.  Number  in  consecutive  arrangement. 

2.  Name  and  habitat  of  Specimen  (as  near  as  ]-»os8ible). 

3.  Name  of  Donor  or  of  person  purchased  fruui. 

4.  Date  of  presentation  or  of  purchase. 

5.  Date  of  its  being  handed  to  the   Sub-Curator  or  Taxidermist   for 

preparat  ion . 

6.  Date  of  its  return  to  Curator. 

7.  Letter  and  number  of  place  or  compartment  in  which  it  is  placed. 

8.  Ultimate  destination." 


2"'  Letter-book,  ii.,  p.  73. 

•^'''  Minutes,  2nd  January,  1862;   Annual  Report  for  1^02  (lW3-4).p.  1. 

2T7  ^,         6th  February  and  0th  Marcli,  1K62. 


THE    AISIIJALIAN     MDSKUM KAKI.^     HISTORY KTII  KIM  I'liK.  S95 

The  present  Registers  are  modelled  more  or  less  t)ii  the  same  lines  as 
the  foregoing. 

A  very  iniportant  piucliase  was  effected  in  lh*()2,  that  of  Count 
d'Archaic's  Collection  of  Mesozoic  fossils-"^. 

What  may  be  termed  the  thiid  Museum  publication  made  its 
appearance  during  this  year: — 

"  A  Catalogue  of  Mammalia,  iu  the  Collection  of  tlie  Australian  Museum,  hy 
Gerard  Krefft,  1864-''«." 

The  prepai"ati()n  of  this  work  was  first  mooted  in  January-^",  and  the 
completed  M.S.  laid  before  the  Board  in  December"-^'.  It  lias  long  been 
out  of  print. 

In  June,  1868,  the  Honourable  A.  W.  Scott,  M.L.C.,  well  known  for 
his  fine  but  unfinished  work,  "  Australian  Lepidoptera  and  their  Ti-ans- 
formations,"  joined  the  Board-^-  in  place  of  Sir  Jolui  Hay,  whcise  seat  had 
again  become  vacant-^'\ 

I  have  previously  i-elated  the  preliminary  steps  that  led  to  the 
commencement  of  tlie  ei-ection  of  the  West  or  College  Street  Wing  in 
1861-2.      In  their  Annual  Report  for  1866  (1867)  the  Trustees  said  :— 

"  The  buildino:  will  he  ready  within  a  short  period  for  the  reception  of 
specimens." 

In  the  same  document  for  1867  (1868)  reference  is  made  to  filling 
the  new  wing  with  cabinets,  and  finally  in  the  1868  occurs  this 
statement :  — 

"  The  new  wing  has  been  open  to  the  public  since  January,  and  the  number  of 
visitors  has  been  largely  increased,  from  11,300  in  1860  to  more  than 
100,000  persons  during  the  past  year-"*^." 

The  record  of  Mr.  Kreff  t's  appointment  and  the  brief  statement  of 
the  completion  and  opening  of  the  West  Wing  will  form  a  convenient 
halting  point  at  which  to  bring  this  Part  ii.  of  the  Museum  History  to  a 
close. 

^'»  Minutes,  8th  May,  1862. 
■-'■»  8vo.,  Sydney,  1864. 
^so  Minutes,  7th  January,  1864. 
2*^1  ,,         1st  December,  1864. 

•■i*-         ,,         6th  March  and  4th  June.  1863  ;   Letter-book,  li.,  p.  105. 
'■283         .,         7th  April,  1863;   Annual  Eeport  for  year  1863  (1864),  p.  1. 
28''  Also   see  S.  T.    Leigh   and   Co.'s    "Handbook  to    Sydney  and  Suliurbs," 
1867,  p.  79. 


396  records  of  the  australian  museum. 

Appendix. 

Addifiiiiix  ami  Correct  ion  ^^  to  First  Part. 

Dr.  J.  LHOTSKY  (p.  71)— He  was  an  expatriated  Pole,  aud  "had  a 
cabinet  in  Elizabetli  Street  which  was  mucli  admired  for  its  scientific 
arrangement."  From  the  "  Australian  Alps"  he  brought  some  auriferous 
sand.  Mr.  John  Benson  Martin  "  was  one  of  the  few  who  attended  at 
Dick's,  the  silver-smith,  to  witness  its  redaction,  and  saw  the  fiist  button 
of  Australian  gold  turned  out  of  its  crucible-*^^"  From  this  it  'would 
appear  that  Lhotsky's  discovery  antedated  that  of  his  illustrious  country- 
man, Stx'zelecki.  He  was  referred  to  in  the  "  Sj'dney  Gazette  "'-®''  as  a 
candidate  for  Holmes'  place  as  Colonial  Zoologist.  He  all  but  anticipated 
Strzelecki  in  the  latter's  exploration  of  Mt.  Kosciusko,  for  in  a  letter  to 
the  Editor  of  the  "  Sydney  Gazette  "-^'  from  Jirabombra,  on  Limestone 
Plains,  dated  5th  April,  1834,  he  wrote  : — 

"  Visiting  many  of  the  stations  scattered  about  the  interesting  and  important 
downs  of  Menero,    I  crossed  the  Snowy   River,   and  brought  my  cart  as 

far  as  Mutong,  situated  about  37''  S.L.,  and  148°    E.L and 

entered  by  Westall's  Opening  the  very  heart  of  the  Australian  Alps." 

The  position  of  this  Mutong  (which  I  cannot  tind  on  any  map)  from 
the  latitude  and  longitude  given,  must  be  in  Victoria,  at  some  distance  to 
the  south  of  Mt.  Kosciusko.     He  goes  on  to  say  : — 

"  The  5th  of  March,  at  8  a.m.,  I  was  on  the  top  of  Mt.  William,  the  absolute 
altitude  of  which  is,  according  to  the  preliminary  calculations  I  was  able 
to  make  at  the  time,  from  5  to  7,000  feet,  and  therefore  by  far  the  highest 
point  ever  reached  by  any  traveller  on  the  Australian  Continent." 

In  the  "  Sydney  Gazette "  of  7th  and  9th  February,  1833^88,  are 
advertisements  of  the  approaching  sale  of  his  collections  : — 

"  8,000  specimens  of  plants,  many  belonging  to  families  seldom  attended  to 
by  tlie  botanist,  together  with  a  variety  of  woods,  gums,  classified  rocks 
and  other  minerals,  insects,  etc.,  etc.,"  [or]  "eight  thousand  specimens  of 
Plants,  Insects,  Zoophytes,  Minerals,  Tympannm  Bones  of  a  Whale,  Brazilian 
Snakes,  Mosses,  specimens  of  the  various  Woods  of  the  Colony,  Lizards, 
Fishes,  and  other  Ctiriosities." 

Dr.  Lhotsky  delivered  lectures  at  Hart's  Buildings,  Pitt  Street,  on 
Mineralogy,  Botany,  and  Zoology,  in  1833,  under  vice-regal  patroTiage-*'^, 
In  a  sub-leader  of  the  "  Sydney  Gazette,"  18th  June,  1833"*^\  entitled 
"  Colonial  Museum,"  Lhotsky  was  advocated  as  the  one  to  fill  the  post 
rendered  vacant  by  the   retirement  of   William    Holmes  (p.  75),  who  died 

•J85  "Reminiscences,"  by  J.B.M.  [John  Benson  Martin]  being  a  reprint  from 
the  Camden  Times  for  1883  (1884),  p.  35. 

-"<fi  Sydney  Gazette,  xxxiii..  No.  2534,  26th  March,  1835. 

•287  Sydney  Gazette,  xxxii.,  No.  2427,  April  l.jth.  1834. 

■!88  Sydney  Gazette,  xxxi.,  No.  2243.  7th  February,  1833,  No.  2244,  9th  February. 

■itfl  Sydney  Gazette,  xxxi..  No.  2260,  19th  March,  1833;  t(?.,  xxxi.,  No.  2270, 
11th  April,  1833;  id.,  xxxi..  No.  2273,  18th  April,  1833. 

•-'»"  Sydney  Gazette,  xxxi.,  No.  2298,  18th  June,  1833. 


IHK    AUSTRALIAN     MUSKUM KAHI-V     HISTOKV K  III  KIM  IxJK.  397 

in  1S30  ;  alsti  a  letter  to  tlie  Editor  of  tlie  same  .loiii'iial,  sij^iied  "  T.  D.," 
advocating  a  similar  course,  appeared  in  the  issue  of  Ist  August,  1838-^1, 
but  nothing  seems  to  have  come  of  it.  On  leaving  Sydney  lie  went  to 
Tasmania,  wliere  we  hear  of  him  in  1837-^'^. 

Mk.  W.  holmes  (p.  75) — I  have  been  favoured  by  Mr.  William 
Dixson  with  the  following  exti-acf'^^-' : — 

"  The  public  are  not  generally  aware  that  a  beautiful  Collection  of  Australian 
curiosities,  the  property  of  Government,  is  deposited  in  the  Old  Post 
Office.  This  Museum  is  under  the  Superintendence  of  Mr.  Holmes,  who, 
V)etween  the  hours  of  ten  and  three,  politely  shows  the  same  to  any 
respectable  individuals  who  may  think  fit  to  call.  It  is  well  worthy 
inspection." 

This  quite  bears  out  Lhotsky's  statement  as  to  the  custodian  of  the 
Colonial  Museum. 

It  is  clear  from  Raymond's  "New  South  Wales  Calendar  and  P.O. 
Directory"  for  1833,  1834,  and  1835-9^,  that  the  position  was  unoccupied, 
although  in  1833  the  sum  of  £130  was  voted  as  salary. 

Rev.  W.  B.  CLARKE  (p.  76)— His  appointment  as  "Secretary  and 
Cui'ator  with  Salary  "  was  announced  by  tlie  Committee  to  the  Colonial 
Secretary-  by  letter  dated  6th  July,  1841-^5  Several  amusing  stories 
relating  to  Clarke's  fossil-gathering  are  related  by  the  Rev.  J.  S.  Hassall 
in  his  interesting  work-^s^  "  In  Old  Australia." 

Rev.  C.  p.  N.  WILTON  (p.  68)— I  have  a  little  more  information 
regarding  this  gentleman.  He  was  Master  of  the  King's  Female  Orphan 
Institution  at  Parramatta  in  1827,  and  one  of  His  Majesty's  Chaplains  in 
New  South  Wales.  The  publication  of  his  "  Australian  Magazine,  or 
Quarterly  Journal  of  Theology,"  etc.,  almost  brought  him  into  serious 
trouble  with  the  publisher  of  an  already-existing  and  somewhat  similar 
titled  publication,  known  as  the  "  Australian  Magazine,"  who  threatened 
AVilton  with  a  "  writ  of  iujunction297."  His  resignation  of  the  Parramatta 
appointment  took  place  in  1828-98_ 

Dr.  G.  BENNETT  (p.  75) — Various  titles  were  assumed  during 
1838-1841.  He  severally  signed  himself  as  "  Secretaiy,"  "  Seci-etary  and 
Conservator,"  "  Curator,"  and  "  Conservator,"  only  duinng  1836.  He 
resigned  the  Secretary-ship  as  from  1st  February,  1841299. 

«•!  Sydney  Gazette,  xxxi..  No.  2317,  1st  August,  1833. 
-^-  Sydney  Gazette,  xxxv.,  No.  2908,  7th  January,  1837. 
•-'*'  Sydney  Gazette,  31st  August,  1830. 

-'»^  Eaymond— New  South  Wales  Calendar  and  Post  Office  Directory  for  1833, 
p.  249  ;  Ibid.,  1834,  p.  243  ;   Ibid.,  1835,  p.  371. 

-"3  Letter-book,  i.,  p.  34. 

•^««  Hassall  (Rev.  J.  S.)— "  In  Old  Australia,"  1902,  pp.  65,  83,  etc. 

■^»'  Sydney  Gasiette,  xxv..  No.  1383,8th  August.  1827  ;  Ibid.,  xxv..  No.  1398. 
12th  September,  1827  ;   Barton— Literature  of  New  South  Wales,  1866,  p.  68. 

-^^  Sydney  Gazette,  xxvii..  No.  1604,  6tli  January,  1829. 

^««  Letter-book,  i.,  1837-61,  pp.  1,  12,  13,  and  33. 


398  KKCORDS    OF    THE    AUSTBALIAX    ML'SEDM. 

THE  NAME  "AUSTRALIAN  MUSEUM"  (pp.  72-3)— It  is  now 
clear  this  name  was  in  use  before  1836.  Mr.  Hugh  Wriglit  called  my 
attention  to  the  following.  In  the  "  Estimates  of  the  probable  Expenditure 
of  the  undermentioned  Establishments  ....  for  the  year  1835  " 
(dated  12th  June,  1834)  is  the  following  line  : — 

"  Australian  Museum — Towards  the  support  of  the  Institution    .    .    .    =£200." 

The  same  appears  in  the  Minutes  of  the  Legislative  Council  of  4tli 
July,  1834. 

ALEXANDER  MACDUFF  BAXTER  (p.  67)— He  was  appointed 
Attorney-General  previous  to  May,  1826,  arrived  in  Sydney  3 1st  July, 
1827^*^*^,  and  succeeded  Saxe  Bannister  in  that  office.  He  is  mentioned  in 
Judge  J.  S.  Dowling's  "  Reminiscences,"  as  taking  part  in  the  discussion 
on  11th  June,  1829,  on  the  so-called  separation  of  the  Bar  into  Barristers 
and  Attorneys3W_  He  appears  to  have  come  under  the  displeasure  of 
Governor-General  Darling  who  doubted  his  capacity  as  a  lawyer.  He 
resigned  in  1831,  and  was  nominated  by  charter  "  Puisne  Judge  "  at 
Hobart.  His  differences  with  Governor  Darling  were  aggravated  by 
domestic  troubles.  After  some  delay  he  returned  to  New  South  Wales, 
and  thence  to  Great  Britain,  where  he  died^*'"-.  As  to  his  endeavour  to 
establish  a  Museum  the  following  extract  from  the  "  Sydney  Gazette,"' 
17th  September,  1829-^03^  for  which  I  am  again  indebted  to  Mr.  William 
Dixson,  is  explanatory' : — 

"  Tiie  idea  started  by  our  respected  Attorney-General  some  twelve  months  ago, 
of  establishing  a  Museum  in  this  '  land  of  contrarieties,'  appears  to  have 
fallen  still-born  to  the  ground.  It  was  a  good  idea,  nevertheless  ;  and  we 
heartily  wish  the  learned  gentleman  would  set  about  realizing  it  in  right 
good  earnest." 

Those  who  read  the  first  part  of  these  "Fragments"  will  at  once 
grasp  how  I  arrived  at  1827  as  the  approximate  year  in  which  this 
Museum  commenced  its  career.  By  a  fortunate  visit  to  the  Mitchell 
Library  my  assistant,  Mr.  W.  W.  Thorpe,  came  across  the  following  copy 
of  a  despatch  from  Earl  Bathurst  to  Governor-General  Dailing  which 
com[)letely  substantiates  my  date: — 

Colonial  Office, 
N.S.W.  Enlrii  Book,  .S. 
Bathurst  — E.  Darling,  30-3-27.  Downing  Street, 


Lt. -General  Darling, 

Etc.     Etc.     Etc. 


30  March,  1827 


No.  16. 


Sir. 

It  having  ])een  represented  to  me  that  it  would  be  very  desirable 
were  the  Governt.  to  afford  its  aid  towards  tlie  formation  of  a  Publick 
Museum  at  New  South  Wales  where  it  is  stated  that  many  rare  and  curious 

^'^w  Howe's  "  Australian  Almanac"  for  1829,  p.  145. 

ao'  "Old  Times,"  i.,  pt.  2,  1903,  p.  120. 

:iua  West— History  of  Tasmania,  i.,  1852,  p.  162. 

»o»  Sydney  Gazette,  xxvii..  No.  1711,  17th  September,  1829. 


THK    AfSI'lJAMAN'    MTSKl'M  —  KAI.'I.V     IIISTn|;v KTllKltlHOK.  l{i»J* 

speciiueiia  cif  Niitiu'iil  History  iire  to  1)0  procuiiMl,  I  do  myself  llu'  hoiidur 
to  acquaint  you  that  altlion^li  I  feel  a  ditiiculty  in  autliorizin^f  tiic 
comuienoeuieut  of  auy  HuiUliii^  f<>r  that  purpose  until  an  Estimate  of  the 
expense  shall  have  heeii  first  suhmitted  to  my  consideration,  yet  I  am 
disposed,  in  the  meantime,  tt)  allow  a  sum,  not  exceedinij  ,£200  per  annum, 
to  be  disbursed  for  the  purpose  of  assistintf  in  the  accomplishment  of  this 
object ;  and  as  one  of  the  first  steps  towards  ensurinjj;  its  success  seems  to 
be  the  sendini^  out  some  proper  person  to  assist  in  collecting;  and 
arran>iing'  such  specimens  as  it  may  be  possible  to  procure  in  that 
quarter,  I  hiive  been  further  induced  to  consent  to  the  appointment  of  a 
youn^'  man  to  that  particular  duty  who  has  been  reconunended  to  me  as 
peculiarly  fitted  for  it,  and  who  will,  therefore,  be  immediately  sent  out 
to  the  Colony  in  the  capacity  of  Zoologist  with  the  same  rate  of  Salary 
and  allowances  as  appear  to  have  been  given  to  Mr.  Fisher,  the  present 
iiiteiidant  of  the  Botanic  Garden  at  Sydney. 

I  have,  etc., 

Bathurst. 


Ill  the  preparation  of  these  "  Fragments "  I  have  received  most 
cordial  assistance  from  Mr.  W.  H.  Ifould,  Principal  Librarian,  Public 
Library  of  New  South  Wales,  Mr.  Hugh  Wi'ight,  Librarian,  Mitchell 
Library,  Mr.  W.  A.  Rainbow,  Librarian,  Australian  Museum,  and  my 
Assistant,  Mr.  W.  W.  Thorpe,  whose  ever  ready  help  has  enabled  me  to 
surmount  many  difficulties. 


COFIRIGENDA. 

Part  1,  p.  77,  footnote  9,  line  3,  for  1S88,  read  1858. 


EXPLAXATTOX    OF    PLATE    XLV. 


Exhibition  of  Specimens  sent  to  the  "  Universal  Exhibition  for  Agriculture 
and  Industrial  Products,"  held  in  Pai'is  in  1855. 

The  Plate  is  reproduced  from  an  old  print  taken  from  a  daguerreotype  by 
Gow,  348  George  Street,  and  presented  by  J.  H.  Maiden,  Esqr., 
Dii'ector  Botanic  Gardens,  Sydney. 


REC.  AUSTR.  MUS.,  VOL.  XI 1. 


Plate  XLV. 


T-V) 


-1 

LT-1 

-^     -J 


-'  > 


ir) 

vZ 


EXI'LAXATION    OF    I'LATK    XlAl. 


The  North  or   William   Street  Wiug  as  I'epreseiited  iu   Fowles'  "  Sydney 

in  1848,"  1878,  pi.  opp.  p.  83. 

This,  no  doubt,  was  the  original  conception  of  the  Colonial  Architect 
(Mr.  Mortimer  W.  Lewis)  but  it  is  doubtful  if  the  dome  was  ever 
carried  out. 


REC.  AUSTU.   MIS..   \  ()l>.   Ml. 


1    LA  1  K     -iV  li  V   1  . 


EXPLANATION    OF    PLATE    XLVII. 


Tlie  Noi'th  or  William  Stieet  Wing  with  a  portion  of  the  north  end  of 
the  West  Wing.  Tliis  represents  the  North  Wing  as  it  leally  Avas 
in  1870  and  ISSO'ties. 


KKC.  Al'STR.  Mrs.,  VOL.  XII. 


Plate  XLVII. 


^^5^?®^ 


^    rl 


H.  Barnes,  photo.,  Austr.  Mus. 


EXl'LANATION    OF    I'LATE    XLYIIl. 


The    interior    of    that    poftiou    of    North    Wing    devoted    to     exhibition 
purposes,  after  the  completion  of  the  gallery  and  its  cases. 


HKC.   AlS'l'K.   MI'S.,   VOL.   Xll 


Pi,Aii;   XLVllI, 


H.   Bakne?^^,   photo.,   Anstr.   Mn.s. 


EXPLANATION    OF    HLATK    XF.IX. 


The  West  Of  College  Street  Wiug  as  it  appears  when   viewed  directly  in 
front  of  tlie  bnildin"-  from  Hyde  Pai-k. 


REC.  AUSTR.  MUS.,  VOl-.   X 1 1 


Pi.Aii:   WAX. 


H.   Barxks,   photo.,   Anstr.   ^Iiis. 


NDEX. 


a  (var. ),  Anajik  mn/Ksn 

...      ]56 

ithei,  MuQiLouoBii's     ... 

...      224 

ticinosa,  Onchiukll.x    ... 

. . .      a2() 

Peronia 

...     326 

AcT\N(iVVS  formosua      ... 

...      87 

(irntifi-oiis,  Cypricardia 

189.  192 

Merismopteria 

...      192 

iicntisjiira,  Bi'LLiniim  ... 

5 

Physa 

o 

VAV.etJteridgii.Bnhi.itiVii         5 

var.  tetiniUyafa,    B 

UI,L- 

INUS 

5 

var.    i/(()T«e/i.si.s',   B 

Ut-L- 

INUS 

5 

adspersiis,  Eleotuis     ... 

...     282 

Krkfftius 

....    282 

(subsp.),         MOGURNDA 

mognnida    ... 

...     282 

oelosnmd,  Mapo 

...     233 

a/ricauHs  (var.).CiOBUis  n 

niinns    246 

Aganippe  lunin-ofti 

...        95 

latior 

84,  92 

mnde.'ita   ... 

82,  98 

oinata 

...       99 

pelochroa 

...     100 

?  puUeinei 

...       90 

rhaplndnca 

84,  93 

robuata     ... 

83,  97 

smeatoiii  ... 

...       90 

snhtristis...            81 

82,  83,  91 

villosa 

...       96 

AoLAOPHENiA  ascidioidex 

...       43 

brevirostris 

...       46 

divai'icata 

...       44 

heterocarpa 

...       46 

lioivensis  ... 

27,  45 

maldirensis 

...       46 

parvnla    ... 

45 

piolifera 

44 

vitiana     ... 

...        46 

?  X             

...       47 

?  y        

...       47 

Aglaophenopsis  va(ja 

...       29 

Agonostoma  danvtniense 

...     277 

Albanian  A  flavomacHlato. 

84.  125 

inornata  ... 

84,  122 

onintd 

...      123 

villosa 

87.  124 

alboapicalis,  Cirripectks 

..         22 

Salarias 

21,  22 

albopunctatns,  Gobhis 

...      231 

Albula  conorhync}m.t  ... 

...     172 

glnssodo»ta 

...     172 

vulpes 

...     172 

nliritv,  Hvi.i.iNva 

5 

Physa   (Ameria) 

5 

var.  rinijaliild ,  \^U\ 

I,IN(!S 

6 

var.    riiiijttldlii.f. 

Bui.r.- 

INl'.S 

6 

var.  kerahawi.  Bin 

LINUS 

() 

A  I,LO(i(>BIllS  viiidi:i 

2()0 

Al.Ticus  griseas 

10 

ptiiiper 

10 

nnibiguiDH.  Onchidium 

313 

314 

AmbLYCJAsTSR    iii'Oiiilrhoi 

dds 

17;; 

AMBr-YOOBLlIS  bijiioeiisis 

251 

yohioides 

255 

phdlaetKi 

253 

Amblyopus  niger 

206 

rnbristridtHS 

207 

aniboine)tsis,  BuTis 

271 

Elkotris 

271 

amiciensis,   GoBius 

239 

Amplexa  turrila 

6 

aniiinlldceit,  ToNNA 

330 

iniiimUdreani,  Domum  ... 

330 

Anamb  artnigera 

150 

aarea 

145 

bir('ii 

82 

bntlefi 

157 

rcenosa 

152 

coinosd 

143 

rnu/usd.     ... 

155 

cn)ij'asd,  var.  o  ... 

156 

decoid 

85, 

149 

flavnmdcnldla     ... 

146 

fnscociiicta 

153 

grandia    ... 

82,  83, 

144 

hirsuta     ... 

82, 

142 

intricatd 

84, 

157 

viai-uldtd 

84, 

151 

^            minor 

141 

nebiilosd  ... 

82, 

147 

pal  add     ... 

141 

pulchra    ... 

153 

rohasta    ... 

154 

villosa 

87, 

141 

andanieitsis,  Gobius 

221 

andrewsi,  Dyarcyops  ... 

105 

Anepsiada  veiitriroxd  ... 

:67 

iiiign.^tifi-niis.  Ophiorrhinus  ... 

274 

Anidiops  induslridijei  ... 

83, 

101 

dim  lildt  H.'t,  GoBIUS 

253 

aniecedeiis.  Tab  anus     ... 

67 

iiiiororepJidhis,  Eleotris 

275 

APOt^RYPTKS  liiritldtxs   .. 

252 

iHdrr(ij>lithdliuns 

201 

aporos,  Eleotris 

275 

Ophiocara 

275 

402 


RECORDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    MUSEUM. 


(  I 


PAGE 

aponis,  Eleothis         ...  275 

Ophiocara         ...  ...     275 

Aptknodytks  chrysocome  75,  76 

minor       ...  ...  76,  77 

magellanica         ...  ...       76 

papua 

patachonica 

torquata  ... 
arachnoidea,  Physa 
arachnoideus  (var.),  Bullinus 

tennistriatus 
Abbanitis  elegans 

festivus    ... 

fascipes    ... 

gracilis    ... 

hirsutus  ... 

inornatns 

longipes  ... 

?   longipes 

maculipes 

montanus 

papiliosiis 

pcniilliostis 

pulchellus 

pnlchra    ... 

siniilaris  ... 
arcodes,  Cypbicardia   .. 

Mebismoptkria 
Arganippe  pit/lentei     ... 

smeatoni ... 

subtristis 
argentilineatus,  Pkriophthal- 

MUS  ... 
Abmadalia  ornata 

pallida     ... 

setosa 

zorodes 
armigera,  Ana  me 
articnlala,  Thuiabia     .. 
urnensis,  Valknciknnea 
AsPiDONTUs  mardubrce 

taeniatus 
ascidioides,  Aglaophenia 

Halicobnabia  ... 

ASTERBOPTKRIX  Se)}li p^lllctatliS 

AsTEBBOPTEBYX  cyaiiostiguui 
ater,  Onchidium  

SiLVIUS     

atra,  Chenistonia  (Dekana) 
Oncidiella 

SlJNGENIA 

Atbax  valida     ... 


85,  115 

84,  111 
...     109 

85,  110 

86,  116 
...     119 

109,  110 
...  110 
...     109 

85,  116 
...  86 
...  118 
...  114 
...       86 

86,  112 
189,  192 
...     192 

90 

...       90 

91 

194. 
..     129 
..     132 
84,  130 
..     131 
..     150 
36 
..     261 
23 
23 
43 
43 
273 
273 
327 
63 
162 
327 
..      162 
86,  165 
versuta    ...  ...  85,  86 

attennatum,  Dolichosternum     169 
auchenotaenia,  GoBUJS  ...     246 

uurea,  Aname 1-15 

Blakistonia      81,  82,  83,  104 
aurtden.s,  Salarias       ...  ...        18 

aurnpilosa,  Chenistonia         84,  160 
Australian    museum,    early 

history  of  ..,         ...     339 


PAGE 
Ul(S<C((/i.S,  ECTKNOPSIS    ...  ...  63 

Eleoteis  ...  ...     283 

GlLLICHTHYS        ...  ...       226 

GoBius    ...  ...  ...  226 

Kbefftius  ...  ...  283 

mogubnda  ...  ...  283 

Onchidina  ...  ...  325 

Oncidina  ...  ...  325 

Periopthalmus  ...  197 

SiLvius  ...  ...  ...  62 

Austrogobio  galii  ..  ...  289 

AvicuLA  vetieris  ...  ...  189 

Aw \ovs  crassilabris  ...  ...  227 

piinta)tgoides  ...  ...  221 

B 

(>((/ei,  Plumulaeia 

(var.),  Pasythea  quad- 
ridentata     ... 
baiicrofti,  Aganippe 
Banceoftiana  speciosa 
barbarus,  GoBius 

Periophthalmodon    ... 
bassotsis,  GoBius 
bentschlii.  Onchidium 
bioiolorata.  Diatom iNEURA    ... 
bidens,  Thuiaria 
bi.frenalns,  GoBius 
biocellalas,  GoBius 
birni,  Aname 

Dyarcyops         ...  85,  105, 
bi.ieriatxs,  Salarias     ... 
bispinosa,   Sertularia 
bivittatus,  Apoc'Ryptes 
Blakistonia  aiirea       81,  82,  83, 

BlENNIUS /((.sciohlS 

gnltoruijiiie 

BOLEOPHTH  A  LM  us  (( lie Hj>((/"CI  11. S 

caendeomarnlalns 

chinensis 

histiophorus 

siniciis 

viridia 
borealis,  Onchidella  ... 
brarliyurus.  Eleotris  ... 
braii.vliiiieiisis  (var.),  Mabi'INI- 

OPSis  subradiata   ... 
brazieri  (var.),IsouoBA  hainesii 

Physa 
breciceps,  GoBius 
brerijilis.  GoBius  ...         234, 

breviro.itris,  Aglaophenia 

Diatomineuba  ... 

Eleotris 

Plumularia      ...  45 

brevis,  Salarias 
brisbaueni^is. 'Vab\nvh  ... 
buccut<i,  Elkotris 

I'rionobutis 

GoBius    ... 


41 

40 

95 

127 

197 

197 

242 

316 

60 

36 

242 

237 

82 

106 

16 

37 

252 

104 

10 

10 

200 

199 

200 

200 

200 

200 

306 

268 

185 


231 

246 

46 

59 

285 

,  46 

21 

70 

271 

271 

234 


INhKX. 


403 


I"AOK 

BUCCINUM /(ISCI(l/(UH      ...            ...  335 

oli'aiiniH  ...          ...          ...  33H 

perdiv       ...          ...          •••  335 

siilcosuni               ...          ■■■  335 

BuCHANANiA  oticliidioides        ...  30t 

Bulla  canaliculata      ...          ■■■  335 

BuLLiNUS  ((rntispira    ...          ...  5 

iu-iitii.j>ir((,  var.  etheridgii  5 

acHtisiiir(i,\a,v.  te)iuilirata  5 

acutispiia,  var,  i/ari-iiensis  5 

alicm;        ...          ...          ...  5 

alicicc,  var.  ctHjitJahi    ...  6 

aliciai,  var.  cingulatHs  ...  6 

aiicicE,  var.  kershmvi    ...  6 

pectorosKS            ...          ...  6 

<e)iiiis<ri<(/HS       ...          ...  3 

tennistriatas,  var.  arach- 

noidcns         ...          ...          ...  3 

tenuistiialns,    var.    coji- 

yfitens            4 

fenHis(iia<i(s,  var.    ^""'f- 

tiinitus        ...          ...          ...  3 

tennistratns,  var.    te.vlii- 

ratas            ...         ...         ...  "^ 

tetiHisf  ciaiiis,  var.  water- 

ho^isei          ...          ...          ■■•  3 

buskii,  Plumularia     ...          ...  42 

Bdtis  attiboinensis         ...          ...  271 

butis,  Elkotris              271 

BuTiS   lonyicauda          ...          ...  271 

fcuiieci,  Anamb 157 

bynoensis,  Amblygobius         ...  251 

GoBius 251,  255 

Odontogobius  ...         ...  252 


C 


Cadus  cepa         ...         ...          •••  33G 

fasciatns               ...           ...  335 

perdix      ...          ...         ...  335 

caeruleomacidat  as,    Boleoph- 

THALMUS       ...              ...              ...  199 

calcai-ata,      var.       contorta, 

Hkbklla    ...         35 

Callogobius /i(/ssc?<ii ...          ...  217 

^(isse/(i I,  var.  lUKCosus  ...  217 

sdateri     203.  219 

calvus,  Salarias           13 

campaniUarid,  Eucopklla      ...  35 

SiLICULAKIA        ...            ...  35 

Campanularia  tlncla  ...          ...  35 

canaliculata.  Bulla     ...          ...  335 

ToNNA      ...          ...          ...  335 

caniniis  var.  ufricanus,  GoBiUS  2-i6 

Cantuaria  hoggi          ...          ...  89 

Carassiops  comin-essns  285,  286 

compressus  montanus    ...  28H 

galii          ...          ...          .••  289 

kinnzingeri         ...         ...  289 

longi         ...          ...          ...  286 


Caruinia  ciiiieula 

nu-la 

sUiqiui 
carinata,  MiHONiA 
castelnani,  Elkotkik    ... 

GoBius    ... 
Catahkactks  chrgsocome 
Cataxia  letrica 
caudatn.'s,  Gobi  us 
cavij'i'oiis,  Elkotris     ... 
celticuin,  Onchidujm    ... 
Ckntrolophus  iiiaoricas 
cepa,  Cadus 

DOLIUM    ... 
cerameiisls,  Gobiodon  ... 

(var.),  Gobiodon  q\un- 
qnestrigalns 

GoBius    ... 

CkRATKLLA  ./'((JiCd 

cerevisina,  Tonna 

var.  Iianrdkiensis, Tonna 
Chakturichthts  polynema 


I'AoE 

...  189 

...  189 

...  189 

...  187 

...  27(> 

...  229 

...  72 

...  133 

...  242 

...  286 

305,  306 

...  176 


336 
336 
211 

211 
211 
3i 
330 
331 
213 


chameleon,  Onchidium    ;;03,  306,  320 


Oncis 

Chkilodiptbrus  chUhs 
Ohenihtonia  anropilosd 

hoggi        

vuijor 

tepperl 

rlUosii 

(Dbkana)  atra  ... 
chererti,  Salarias 
cliinense,   Dolium 

Chiueiisis,    BOLBOPHTHALMUS 

chrgsocome,  Api'KNODYTks 
Catarractks     ... 
eudyptbs 
chrysulophns.  Pbnguinus 
chnjsopkila,  Corizonkura     ... 
ciliosa,  Physa     ... 
clnei-ea,  Erkfhoppis 

Onchidella 

Oncis 

cinereum,  Onchidium 

cingidata,  Physa 

(var.),  Bullinus  alicice 
cingulatus     (var.),    Bullinus 

alicice 
circumdatns,  Tabanus 
circumspectns,  GoBius  ... 
CiRRiPKCTES  alboapicalis 

filamentosus 
citfiiiHs,  Gobiodon       

GoBius    ... 

Pskudogobiodon 
Clupanodon  neopilchardas    ... 
Clupba  tnelanosticta     ... 

sojax 
CoBiTis  pacifica 

ca:nosa,  Anamk 

Columnaria  cfcssivelli 


320 
..  268 

84,  160 

85,  160 
..  159 
..  160 
84,  161 
...  162 

18 

..  331 

...  200 

75,  76 

...   72 


71 

74 

61 

7 

55 

319 

320 

319 

6 

6 

6 

67 

235 

22 

21 

212 

212 

212 

173 

172 

173 

268 

152 

51 


404 


KECORDS    OK    THE    AUSTRALIAN     MUSEL'M. 


COLUMNARIA  neniiHijItoisls 

50 

panciseptatii 

51 

comosa,  Aname  ... 

.     143 

compressiis,  Cabassiop.s          2S 

5,  286 

Eleotris 

285 

Hypseleotris  ... 

286 

montaniis,  Caras.siops  .. 

286 

coxcavi/rons,  GoBius    ... 

235 

COHColoi-,  Ei.EOTRlS 

282 

GOBIUS     ... 

221 

confluens      (var.),       Bullinus 

tenuistriatus 

4 

confusa,  Aname 

155 

var.  «,  Anamk  ... 

156 

co)wrhynchus,  Albula 

172 

COtlstanS,   DiATOMINKURA 

61 

contoi-ta,  Hebklla 

35 

(var.),     Hebella      ccl 

carata 

35 

cofiacea,  Oncis  ... 

323 

cofiacenm,  Onchidium 

323 

Corizoneura  chrysophila 

61 

fidva 

61 

fOniutas,   OXYUKICHTHYS 

257 

corpulenta,  O^CHiDEhh A 

326 

Peronia              ...         31 

2,  326 

Coryphopterus  crimijer 

246 

costata,  ToNNA  ...          ...         33 

0,  334 

costatnm,  Dolium 

334 

coxii,  Elbotris 

284 

GOBIOMOKPHUS 

284 

Krefftiu.s 

284 

MULGOA 

284 

crassilabris,  AwAous    ... 

227 

GOBIUS 

227 

crassipes,  Ph logics 

138 

Phrictus 

138 

Selenocosmia   ... 

138 

crebreciliata     (var.),     Isouoha 

]iainesil 

7 

Physa 

7 

cresce)is,  Elko'I'kis 

265 

cresivelU,  Columnaria 

51 

criniger,  Coryphopterus 

246 

Ctenogobius     ... 

246 

GoBius    ...         ...        23 

4,  246 

cristatiis,  GoBiu.s 

255 

cristiceps,  Salarias 

20 

Cryptocen'i'rus  gohioides 

255 

Ctenogobius  criniger  ... 

246 

ciUius,  Cheilodipterus 

268 

CULIUs/ltSCKS       

268 

iiiger 

268 

psendacanlhopomns 

268 

cumingii,  Dolium 

331 

(var.),  DoLiUM  oleariau 

331 

ToNNA       ... 

331 

cnneata,  Cardinia 

189 

cyanostigiiiii,  Asterropteryx 

273 

Eleotriodes     ... 

273 

Eleotri« 

273 

PAGE 

cydisler,  Diatomxneura  ...        58 

cylindricd.  Hebklla     ...  ...       35 

Cypricardia  acnlil'roits  189,  192 

arcodes     ..."         ...  189,  192 

inibricata             ...  189,  192 

prwrupla              ...  ...      189 

simplex     ...          ...  ...      189 

veneris      ...          ...  ...      189 

cyprinoides,  Eleotris  ...     289 

D 


dlbnelii.  Onchidium      ...        303,  318 

darnleyensiis,  GoBius     ... 

.     231 

darivinie)ise,  Aqonostoma 

277 

dariviniensis,  Eleotris 

.     277 

Ophiocara 

277 

decipiens,  Salarias 

23 

decora,  Anamk   ...          ...           85,  149 

Stanwkllia       ...           8 

5,  164 

(Dekana)  atra,  Chenistonia 

162 

depressiim,  Platyschisma 

.      188. 

depresses,  GoBius 

.     218 

devisi,  Eleotris 

.     286 

MUGILOGOBIUS    ... 

223 

Diatominkura  bicolorata 

60 

brerirostris 

59 

constams  ... 

61 

cydisler   ... 

58 

gagatina 

58 

inflitta 

61 

jacksonensis 

58 

plana 

61 

palchra    ... 

59 

regis-georgii 

60 

testacea    ... 

61 

DiELASMA  inversa 

183 

(?nnMi((i»(s,  Tabanus 

65 

distinclus. lx\MA'Vvs     ... 

163 

Pelkcorhynchus 

53 

diraricata,  Aglaophknia 

44 

doddi.  SlLVIUS    ... 

63 

DoLlCHOSTERNUM  altenuatnni 

169 

DOLIUM  aniptiUaceuni  ... 

330 

cepa 

336 

chinense   ... 

331 

costalani ... 

33  1. 

cnmingii  ... 

331 

/(isciatmn 

335 

Jimbriatitni 

334 

Jinibriafnni  var.  parvuhn 

i     331- 

kieneri 

333 

latesulcatnni 

334 

marginatum 

331 

oleariam  ... 

336 

olearinm,  var.  cumingii 

33  [ 

perdix 

335 

pectnm     ... 

332 

reevei 

331 

r  11  film 

335 

testardi    ... 

331 

I N I  >  i;  \ . 


•1-05 


1 

'AiiE 

1 

•A(JK 

DoLiUBi    vnncgatnm 

330, 

332 

Elkotkik  liiieohilns 

265 

DOKMITATOK  li)ienta     .. 

264 

Ininjiiuiiida 

271 

doufjlasi,  GoBius 

2nH 

loniji  pill  nis 

263 

DYAKcyoFS  aiidrenisi    .. 

105, 

lOH 

iiiarrodon 

264 

bin'il 

«rj,  105, 

106 

macrolepidolns   ... 

279 

iont]ins     ... 

105, 

107 

mastersii 

284 

indcnlogiis 

105, 

108 

mitiiritianns 

268 

iitel(tin-ltolict(s 

85,  105 

lOH 

melaiiunts 

268 

Dtnamkna  (ibliqnn 

39 

mclbonrnensis 

270 

tnliHlifoniiis 

38 

microlepis 

258 

diissiimicri,  Salakias  .. 

18 

llliuiHH 

modcsta    ... 

282 

288 

E 

mognrnda            ...         280, 
niiirnlis    ... 

282 
261 

cckinocci>lKilii,  ilvVVKlA. 

I A 

2K) 

iiigr<i 

268 

echinocei>h(ilHs,  Pahaoo 

BIODON 

235) 

iiigrijilis  ... 

264 

GOBHIS     ... 

239 

nndiceps  ... 

274 

ECTKNOPSIS  (Hl.S<,-(t/,is     .. 

63 

(Philypnuh)   nndiceps 

274 

vulpecula 

63 

obscurns  ... 

270 

vulpecnla  var.  ni(j 

■ipennis 

63 

ophiocephalns 

277 

cdenlidns,  Tabanus 

67 

y  ophiocephalus 

277 

p]gyptian  Coffin 

179 

oxijceyihalus 

269 

eleijans,  Arbanitis 

85, 

115 

p.iUido. 

270 

Elkotriodks  hasseltii 

217 

i"'i"t       _     ■_■ 

271 

mlcrolepis 

258 

planiceps                 265,  270 

275 

mill  al is    ... 

261 

?  porocephuloides 

275 

Eleotris  adspersus 

282 

porocepho.lns 

277 

amhoinensis 

271 

pseudacanthopomns 

268 

aporos 

275 

reticulatus 

286 

aponis 

275 

nchardsoiii 

284 

aporocephalns     .. 

275 

fobtistns  ... 

270 

anstralls 

283 

sclateri     ... 

219 

brachynrns 

268 

selheimi  ... 

265 

brevirostrls 

285 

semipuiiclatus     ... 

273 

buccata    ... 

271 

simplex    ... 

289 

batis 

271 

soaresi 

268 

castelnaui 

270 

strigata    .. 

263 

cavifrrnis 

286 

siilcaticnllis 

270 

contiiressiis 

285 

striata 

270 

concoior   ... 

282 

tceninra   ... 

263 

coxii 

284 

trabetitiis 

261 

crescens    ... 

265 

tumi/i-ons 

279 

cyanostigina 

273 

elevata,  Ei.eotkis 

286 

cyprinoides 

289 

?  EhiiKUYA  nniro/oc 

208 

darwiniensis 

277 

ellipticus,  S01-KCUKTU8 

189 

devisi 

286 

elongata,  Elkotri8 

258 

elevala 

286 

Encyocrypta  ./Vst-a 

138 

ehiigata  ... 

258 

Erkphopsis  anerea 

55 

fasca 

268 

geiiiiiia 

56 

grandiceps    . 

274 

gibbulii     ... 

56 

gymiiocephalus   .. 

274 

jacksoni   ... 

58 

h<isseltii   ... 

217 

lasiophthalma     ... 

56 

(OXYKLKOTRIS)  h 

eterodon 

265 

macidipennis 

56 

huuiilis    ... 

286 

neotficolor 

55 

ikeineur   ... 

263 

snbmacula 

56 

immaculatus 

265 

vidua 

57 

incerla     ... 

268 

57 

289 

vicina,  var.  georgii 

klunzingerii 

Idfainntce 

280 

eremins,  Gobius 

257 

hit  ice  ps    ... 

236 

Eriodon  formidabile    ... 

89 

lineala     ... 

261 

261 

insigne 

87 

406 


l.'hX'OUDS    OF    THE    AUSTRALIAN    JIUSKUM. 


(Eriodon)      occatoria,     Miss- 

ULENA 

89 

Ekiouon  occatorinin     ... 

88 

vubrocapitatHm  ... 

87 

semicocciniiun     ... 

87 

Erosa  erosa 

177 

iridea 

177 

ERPICTHYS/((Scirt<HS      ... 

10 

etheridgii      (var.),     JBuLLiNUf- 

acntisjjira   ... 

5 

Physa 

5 

EucoPKLLA  campuHularia 

35 

?   reticulata 

35 

EucYRTOPS  latioi-          

92 

EuDYPTES  chnjsocome  ... 

71 

jiUioli 

74 

jjachyrhynchns  ... 

7i 

schlegeli  ... 

74 

sclateri    ... 

74 

Ev otIjOS  spinnipes 

126 

EviOTA  viridis  ... 

260 

zonura 

260 

yEXALLIAS 

21 

ExYRiAS  puntang 

221 

puntangoides 

221 

F 


fairchildi,  Narcacion  ...          ...  171 

Torpedo            171 

farleyensis,       (var.),       Platy- 

SCHiSMA  rotnndatnm         ...  189 

fasciato-punctutHs,  (jOBivs      ...  236 

fasciatuln,  liucciNuM  ...          ...  335 

DoLiuM 335 

fasciatus,  Blennius     ...          ...  10 

Cadus      ...          ...          ...  335 

Erpicthys         ...         ...  10 

Salarias            ...         ...  10 

fergiisoni,  SiLVius         ...          ...  62 

ferruginea,  Pbkonia     ...          ...  326 

fen-ugineum,  Onchidium         ...  326 

fertilis,  Skrtularia     ...          ...  36 

festivus,  Arbanitis       ..  84,  111 

GoBius 246 

Jilamentosus,  Cirripectes        ...  21 

Salarias             ...          ...  21 

GoBius    ...          ...          ...  229 

jilholi,  EuDYPTES             ...            ...  74 

timbriata,    Tonna          ...          ...  334 

_/!Hi6ri<ihK)i,  DoLiUM                  ...  334 

var.  parvuJum,  Dolium  334 

flavescens,  Gobius          ...          ...  224 

Jiavidus,  GoBius            ...          ...  234 

fiavomaculata,  Albaniana      84,  125 

Anamk    ...          ...          ...  146 

(var.),  Tambouriniana 
variablis      ...  ...  8(),  122 

J'orviidabile,  Eriuuon  ...          ...  89 

MlSSULKNA           89 

t'unnosHs,  AcTiNOPUS    ...          ...  87 


frena 

his,  GoBius           ...         229, 

230 

fungi 

t'oi-)ne.  Onchidium 

318 

/area 

us,  Salarias 

23 

fufvus,  Salarias 

10 

fiisca, 

Ckratella 

34 

Eleotris 

268 

Encyocrypta    

138 

Idiommata 

138 

Narcacion 

171 

POECILIA 

268 

SOLANDERIA 

34 

Torpedo 

171 

fuscipes,  Arbanitis 

109 

fusco( 

incta,  Anabik 

153 

fusconiger,  Pelecorhynchus 

55 

fuSCUi 

,  CULIUS 

268 

Gobiu5    ... 

231 

Mapo       

231 

Salarias 

12 

G 


gagalina,  Diatomineura  ...  58 

Gaius  hirsntus  ...          ...  83,  102 

gain,  Austrogobio      ...  ...  289 

Carassiops         ...  ...  289 

galwayi,  Mugilogobius  ...  224 

gemina,  Ekephopsis    ...  ...  56 

geminatus,  Lkpidoblennius  ...  24 

Salarias            ...  ...  20 

georgii       (var.),      Erephopsis 

vicina           ...          ...  ...  57 

gibbosus,  (jOBiVS            ...  ...  239 

gibbula,  Erephopsis    ...  ...  56 

GiLLiCH'i'HYS  aiislralis  ...  226 

giuris,  Glossogobius  ...  ...  236 

GoBius    ...         ...  ...  236 

glossodonta,  Albula     ...  ...  172 

Glossogobius  biocellasus  ...  237 

giuris        ...          ...  ...  236 

vaisiganis             ...  ...  237 

Gnatholepis  macuUpinnis  ...  221 

puntangoides       ...  ...  221 

Gobiodon  ceramensis   ...  ...  211 

citrinus    ...          ...  ...  212 

gobiodon,  GoBius           ...  ...  239 

Gobiodon  quitiquestrigalus  ...  210 

quilt  quest  rigatus,     var. 

ceramensis  ...          ...  ...  211 

unicolor   ...          ...  ...  208 

rerticalis 208 

gobioides,  Amblygobius  ...  255 

Cryptockntrus  ...  255 

gobiomorphl's...  ...  285 

GoBius    ...          ...  ...  255 

Gobioides  pnrpurascens  ...  206 

GOBIOMORPHUS  co.iu     ...  ...  284 

gobioides               ...  ...  285 

sclateri     ...           ...  ...  219 

GOBIOSOMA  gutliihitutn  ...  201 

?  jtunctuldrvm    ...  ...  -01 


407 


GoBius  albopunctatus  ... 

..     2:n 

amiciensi* 

.      2-M 

andanianensii    ... 

..     221 

annulatus 

. .    2');^ 

auclienotaenia    ... 

..     24(> 

australis  ... 

..     22() 

harbarus  ... 

..      197 

bassensis  ... 

..     242 

bifrenatus 

..     2i2 

biocellatus 

..    2;n 

breviceps ... 

..    2:u 

brevijilis  ...          ...         S 

34.,  246 

buccatus  ... 

..    2;{i. 

bynoensis               ...         2 

51,  255 

(•(ininHs,  var.  aJ'ricaiiH 

24t5 

fastelnaui 

..     229 

caudatus... 

..     242 

cenimensis 

..     211 

circuinspecius 

..     2:55 

citrinus    ... 

..     212 

conC'ivifions 

..     235 

coiicolor   ... 

..     221 

crassilabfis 

..     227 

criniger    ...          ...         '^ 

34,  246 

cristatus  ... 

..      255 

ilarnlei/ensis 

..     231 

depressus... 

..     218 

douglasi  ... 

..     2()S 

echinocephalus   ... 

..     239 

eremius    ... 

..     257 

fasciato-punctatus 

..      236 

festivus    ... 

..     246 

Jilamentosxis 

..     229 

Jlavescetis... 

..     224. 

jhividus    ... 

..     234 

frenatus  ...          ...         '2 

29,  230 

fuscus 

..      231 

glbbosus   ... 

..      239 

giuris 

..     236 

gobiodon  ... 

..     239 

gobioides  ... 

..     255 

haackei    ... 

..     229 

hinsbyi     ... 

..     215 

histrio 

..      209 

homocyanus 

..     231 

iiifaustus 

..     230 

iiiterstinctus 

..     227 

krefftii      

..     234 

lateralis  ... 

..     249 

lateralis,  var.  ohliquus 

..     249 

lidwilli    ... 

..     242 

inacrosto)iia 

..     226 

maculatus 

..      229 

maculipinnis 

..     221 

7narginalis 

..     231 

maxillaris 

..     250 

melanosoma 

..     239 

microlepidoius    ... 

255 

micro  [jhthahmts 

..     226 

mucosus   ... 

..     217 

tiebulopimftatus 

..     231 

GoBius  nebulnsvs 

...      245 

nenphyliis 

...      249 

nigripinnis 

...     231 

uigroocellatus     ... 

...     230 

nuchifasciatus    ... 

...      242 

oloruni 

...     230 

ornalus    ... 

...      227 

pandangeiisis 

...      231 

papuensis 

...      257 

pa^iper     ... 

...     22S 

pe  riophHiahnoid  fs 

...     227 

phalaena... 

...      253 

pictus 

...     215 

platystoma 

...      230 

?  poecilichthys    ... 

...     231 

polynema 

...     213 

princeps  ... 

...     229 

pulchelliis 

...     229 

punctillatus 

...     231 

puntang  ... 

...     221 

puntangoides 

...     221 

quinquestrigalus 

...     210 

sandviciensis 

...     231 

sauroides 

...     236 

scabriceps 

...     239 

schlosseri 

...      197 

semifretiatus 

...     244 

?  sopor utor 

...      231 

soporator 

...     234 

stethophthahnus 

...     251 

stigmaticus 

...     223 

suppo  situs 

...     230 

taniarensis 

...     229 

vent  rails  ... 

...     227 

viridis 

...     200 

voigtii 

...     230 

waitii 

...     239 

watkinsoni 

...      229 

xantfiosoma 

...      2.39 

gracilis,  Akbanitis 

H5,  110 

grandiceps,  Elkotris  ... 

...     274 

Ophiorrhinus  ... 

...     274 

Philypnodon    ... 

...     274 

grandis.ANAMS 82, 

83,  144 

granulosa,  Onchidium 

...     327 

Oncidiella 

...     327 

granulosum,  Onchidium 

...     327 

griseuiH,  Onchidium     ... 

...     311 

Oncidium 

...     311 

griseus,  Alticus 

10 

Salarias 

10 

grisofusca,  Onchidklla 

...     306 

guttorugine,  Blknnius 

10 

gnttulatum,  Gobiosoma 

...     201 

Pskudapocryptks 

...     201 

Gymnobutis  gymnocephalus 

...     274 

gymnocephalus,  Gymnobutis 

...     274 

Elkotris 

...     274 

408 


RECOHHS    OF    THE    AUSTItAMAN    .Ml'SETM. 


H 


haacl-ei,  GoBius 

229 

hainesii,  Isodora 

/ 

var.  brazieri,  Isodora... 

7 

var.    cfehreciliata,    Iso- 

dora             

7 

var.  pilosa,  Isodora     ... 

7 

Phtsa 

7 

HaLICORNARIA  atridioidi'f 

43 

h'tms 

47 

prolifera... 

44 

up.  not'.    ...          ...             45,  46 

haJysitoides,  SpoNGoPHyr.LUM 

49 

/(ttp/o(7ac<i/h(.s,  Lepidoblennius 

24 

hasselti.  Cai.logobius  ... 

217 

Ei,eotriodes     ... 

217 

Eleotris 

217 

var.      mucosus,     Cali.o- 

GOBIUS            

217 

haurakiensis      (var.).      Tonna 

cei-erisi)ia    ... 

331 

Hkbella    rnlraratii.    \;\r.    rtni- 

torta 

35 

contorta  ... 

35 

cylindrica 

35 

scaudens  ... 

36 

helerocarpa.  Aolaophenia      ... 

46 

heterodon,  Eleotris  (Oxyelk- 

OTRIS) 

265 

hians,  Halicornaria  ... 

47 

hinsbyi,  GoBius 

215 

)ursuta,  A  NAME              ...           82, 

142 

Phtsa 

7 

Itirautus,  Arbanitis 

116 

Arbanitus 

8() 

Gaius      8:5, 

102 

histiopjiorus,    BOLEOP'J'HA  I.RI  US 

200 

histrio,  GoBius 

20.) 

hnbartiensis, TABANVfi  ... 

67 

hoggi,  Cantuaria 

89 

Chenistonia      ...           85, 

160 

holomelax,  Salarias 

12 

homocyanus,  GoBiva 

231 

howensis,  Aolaophenia              27,  +5 

huinilis,  Elkotris 

286 

Hypskleotkis  rompre^svs 

286 

I 


Idioctis  pi(hnnfiiin 
Idiommata  /H.sca 
ikeineur,  Elkotris 
imbiirata,  Cypricakdia 
Merismopteria 
imperfertiis,  Tabanus  ... 
immaculatus,  Eleotris 
iweitii,  Eleotris 

indtri.sa,   SeETU  LARELLA 

indejinitua,  Tabanus    ... 
in  I'd  II. il  us,  Gobi  us 
inflat'i,  Diatom INKUR A 


S9, 


138 
138 
263 
192 
192 

66 
265 
268 

3() 

(is 
230 

61 


inflata,  Physa    ... 

(var.),      Isodora     neic- 
combi 
inornata,  Albaniana   ...  84, 

inornatas,  Arbanitis  ... 
insigne,  Eriodon 

MiSSIM.KNA 

interstinrtus,  GoBius   ... 
intricata,  .\NAMn  ...  84. 

iiiversa,  Dielasma 

Rhynchonella 
lontjnts,  Dyarcyops      ...  105. 

iridea.  Eros  a 
iridescens.  Lampropodiis 
InoratriK,  Salarias 
Isodora  hninesii 

}uii}tesii,  var.  brozieri  ... 

hainesii.  var.  rrebverilinta 

hainesii,   var.  pilosa 

newcombi 

newcombi,  var.  inflata  ... 

newcombi,  var.  pliysopsis 

IsiDORELLA  neiVCOUlbi   ... 

IXAMATi:s  distinct  as     ... 

maculatus  ...  84, 


jacksonensis,  Diatomineura  ... 
jacksoni,  Erephopsis   ... 

K 

kersJiaivi,  Physa 

(var.),  BtiLiJNUs  aliria' 
kieneri,  Dolium 
klunzingeri,  Carassiops 

Eleotris 
knelreuteri.  1'erioph  in  ai.mus  191' 
krefi'iii,  GoBius  ... 

Mapo 
Kkkfktiiis  adspersxs  ... 

aiisiriilis 

coxii 


8 

8 

122 

119 

87 

87 

227 

157 

183 

183 

107 

177 

137 

13 


8 
8 
8 
8 
163 
163 


58 
58 


6 
6 
333 
289 
289 
.1V^8 
234 
234 
282 
283 
284 


liAMPHoPonus  iridescens 

..      137 

scinlillans 

.,      135 

Lirapintte,  Eleotris    ... 

..      280 

lata.  Oncis 

..      323 

lafrrulis,  GoBHis 

..      219 

var.  obUiiii}is.  GoBins 

..      249 

RiiiNouoBnis     ... 

..      249 

lalesniratuni.  DoLIliM  ... 

..     334 

laticeps,  Elko'tris 

..      236 

latilabiata.  Physa 

7 

latior,  Aganippe 

84.  92 

Krcvuioi's 

92 

/(•/'/ in /(•/((,  Khinouobu's 

..      2^8 

Leme  niiirdo.v     ... 

..      205 

pnrpurascens 

..      206 

INlil'A. 


!()!» 


IiKl'lUOBl-KN  Nil's  ;/('//( ill  a/ 1 

iiianiioratns 
liiUriUi,  GoBiUS 
LlMN.EA   l>I'IJS(>iisis 
UueaUt.  DoKMlTATOU     ... 

Elkotkis 

Valkncucnnka  ... 
linvalns,  vSalakias 
liucoI<ttus.  Elkoi'kis     ... 

oxyklkuthxs 

Salakias 
I'llliji,  Carassioi'.s 
lomjicanda,  Buns 

Eleotkis 
^)(i(j(i^i('s,  Akbanitis 

Akbanitis  (?)    ... 

phoi.kiton 

loil'jiliillHis.  El.KOTKlS  ... 
X'ALENC'IKNNEA  ... 

Valknciknnkhia 
Iniiiji,  Khinogobiuh     ... 
Lytocakpus  iiliwniceus 


161, 


I'AiiK 

24 
21 
2-t 
242 
8 
264 
161 
...  2(54 
18 
...  265 
...  265 
10 
...  28(3 
...  271 
...  271 
109,  110 
...  110 
...  110 
...  263 
...  263 
...  263 
...  246 
...   47 


inacquarli,  Taba^vh     ...  ...  65 

maci-odon,  Eleotkis     ...  ...  264 

OnONTELEOl'KlS  ...  264 

macrolepid<)ta.  Ophiocara  ...  279 

macrolepidotus,  Er.EoiKis  ...  279 

uiacrophthalmns,  Apocryptes  201 

macroptera,  Merismopteria  ...  192 

Pterinba            ...  ...  192 

iii((<;)-o»'/o)H«,,  GoBius     ...  ...  226 

niacnlata,  A  name          ...  84,  151 

macidiitus,  GoBiiis        ...  ...  229 

IXAMATUS                ...  84,  163 

macidipennis,  Erephopsis  ...  56 

maculipes,  Arbanpiis  ...  ...  109 

})iacalipiu)ns,  Gnathoi.epis  ...  221 

GoBius    ...          ...  ...  221 

niacuAosus,  Dyarcyop.s  105,  108 

M^onia  carinala           ...  ...  187 

moi'i'isii   ..:         ...  186,  187 

niaiiellanica,  Aptbnodyte.s  ...  76 

major,  Chknistonia     ...  ...  159 

maldivensis,  Aglaophenia  ...  46 

wiansicuil^ei,  Anidiops  ...  83,  101 

mctoricvs,  Centrolophus  ...  176 

Mapo,  o.elosonia             ...  ...  233 

fuscus       ...          ...  ...  231 

'krefftii      234 

pnerilirhihys        ...  ...  233 

iH<ir(jiiialis,  GoBiUK       ...  ...  231 

marginatum,  Dolium  ...  ...  331 

mannorata,  Peronia   ...  ...  306 

marworahuH,  ?  Onchidium  ...  323 

?  Oncidium         ...  ...  323 

Triptbryguin   ...  ...  24 

marinoratiia,  Lepidoblennius  24 


tiiiiroulnw,  Ahpidonius 

33 

M  A  R  Tl  N  ^(>P^S1S  si  rzcli-rki 

184 

snlirnd  iiilii,    viir.    Iin 

;i.»- 

toiieiisis 

185 

mastcrsii,   Eleo'I'ris 

284 

maui-itiana,  I'eronia      3o4, 

306, 

312 

vuiurUianus,  Elkoiris 

268 

muxUlaris,  Gobi  us 

25( ) 

Wapika 

250 

)in'liinrholi(iis,  Dyarcvoi'S 

85, 

105, 

106 

uirl<ni(iiiiu'nmoii,  Onchiduim  ... 

315 

iwhiiiiisoiua,  GoBius     ... 

239 

I'aragobiodon  ... 

240 

KUPPKLMA 

240 

mclanosticia,  Ci.upea   ... 

172 

)nelanurus,  Ei-Eoi'Ris  ... 

268 

mclbouniensis.  Ei.ko'ikis 

270 

)iieleagris,  Sai, arias 

16 

meriakrii,  Onchiuiijm  ... 

313 

Merismopteria  (iciili/ritns 

192 

a  )'codes    ... 

192 

imbricata 

192 

macroptcKi 

192 

■micfolepidotus,  Gobius 

255 

micvolepis,  Eleotriodes 

258 

Elbotbis 

258 

Ptereleotris   ... 

258 

microphlhahnus,  GoBiu.s 

226 

mimus,  Eleotris 

282 

minima,  Seriularia    ... 

37 

minor,  Aname    ... 

141 

Aptenodytes    ... 

76,  77 

SiLVlUS    

62 

MissvLENA  for))iidahilL' 

89 

insigne 

87 

occatoria ... 

82,  88 

(Eriodon)  occatoria 

89 

reflexa 

87 

rubrocapitaia 

82,  87 

mit rains,  Petro.scirtes 

23 

modesta,  Aganippe 

82,  98 

Eleotris 

288 

MoGURNDA  australis    ... 

283 

mogurnda,  Eleotris    ... 

280, 

282 

?  Eleotris 

280 

Mogurnda  mogurnda  ... 

280, 

282 

mogurnda,     subsp. 

((rf- 

spersus 

282 

montanus,  Arbanitis  ... 

85, 

116 

Carassiops  compressus 

286 

inonla.r,  Lemk    ... 

205 

niorrisii,  Mmot^^ia 

186, 

187 

Mucogobius  niHcosiis    ... 

218 

mucosas,  GoBius 

217 

MUCOGOBIUS 

218 

(var.),       Callogobius 

hasseltii 

217 

WuGiLOGOBius  abei 

224 

devisi 

223 

fjalwayi    ... 

224 

■ilO 


IJKCMRKf-    oV     rUK    AUSTKALIAN    MUSEl'M. 


MubGOA   CO.Cl'i       ... 

.     284 

ntidleii,  Sa  I, ARIAS 

16 

ininnliii.  Ei,KorHiuL)K« 

.     201 

EhBOTKIS 

.     2(51 

\'alknciennka  ... 

.     261 

innsijriivii,  Tabanus 

64 

Nakcaciun /'in'r(7t//(/i    ... 

171 

J  used 

J71 

X  A  IvCOBATU.S  ./'((( |-<7l(7(/l 

171 

iiebiilopuncliitiis,  Gobiuh 

2:n 

nebulosHs,  GoBiu.s 

2to 

Khinogobius 

245 

nehvlosa,  Ana  me            ...           H2 

147 

Hi'Inilosvw,  Onchiuujji 

:iiu 

Onoiuium 

:?1U 

nnninijhensis,  CoLUMNAiiiA     ... 

50 

iiiobasiilis,  'J'abanus     ... 

67 

in'opln/tii^,  Ctobhi8 

24;> 

Khinogobium     ... 

249 

iievpilchanhts,  Amblyua.stek... 

173 

Clupanodon 

173 

Sardinia             ...        172, 

173 

neotricolor,  Eru.phopsi.s 

55 

Neter-Nekht,  Coffin  of 

179 

Hierogly pineal  siyns    ... 

293 

newcoiiiln.  IsoDOBA 

8 

var.  injiata,  Isodora    ... 

8 

var   phyaoiisis,  Isodoha 

8 

IsiUOKELI-A 

8 

Physa 

8 

itiijer,  Amblyoi'Uis 

206 

nigiif,  Ef.EOTKis 

268 

nigrifiUs,  Eleotris 

2(54 

Diijripeunia,  Pelecokhyn'ciii  s 

55 

SlLVIUS    ... 

63 

(var.),        Ec'i'ENoPsifs 

vulpeculu 

()3 

niijriinnnis,  GoBius 

231 

niijroori'Uiiliif!,  Gobiujs  ... 

230 

■tiuchifasciotiis,  Gobiu.s 

242 

ZONOGOBIUS 

242 

nudiceps,  Opiiiorkhinus 

274 

Philypnodon    ... 

274 

Et.KOTRIS 

274 

ElEOI'RIS    (Ph1I,YPNU8) 

274 

o 


ohUijuK,  Dynamena       ...          ...  39 

(var.),  Pasvi'hea   iimul- 

ridetttiAtus    ...          ...          ...  3i) 

ohliqiius        (var.),       GoBius 

latenilis      ...          ...          ...  249 

ohscnnis,  Ei-EOrBis       ...          ...  270 

ocriiloria,  Missulkna  ...  82,  88 

Missur-KNA    (Ekiooon)  89 

(ic<iil(ii'il(lli,    liltlODON    ...             ...  88 

i.Kli.hiS,    PhATYSCllI.SMA   ...              ...  188 


OOONTKLEOTRIS  muCVOi 

on 

264 

OiJONTOGOBius  bijnoens 

is 

252 

oleariitin,  Buccinum     . 

336 

JJOLIUM   ... 

336 

var.  cumingii,  D 

OLIUM 

331 

olornm,  GoBius... 

230 

ONCHIUELI.A   <(fUIO.S(l      . 

326 

borealis    ... 

306 

clncrea     ... 

319 

<:orpuh:)ii'i 

326 

ijri.fdfiiscii 

306 

patclloiilv 

321 

patclloidcd 

324 

pidtdloides 

Sl>. 

303, 

324 
325 

ciirliidioidiJ.'^.    lUc'llANAI 

M 1  .\ 

304 

Onciiiuina  auxtialis    . 

325 

Onchidium  (iiiibiijuvin. 

313, 

314 

liter 

327 

heiitschlii 

316 

reliicnm  ...  " 

305, 

306 

rhaiiieleon 

..303.306 

320 

citierenni  ... 

31!» 

coriaceuiii 

323 

damelii     ... 

3(J3, 

318 

ferrugineuiti 

326 

fnngiforme 

318 

granulosa 

327 

granHlosiiin 

327 

griseum    ... 

311 

?  Diarmoratiuii   . 

323 

tiiehrnopnenuiott  . 

315 

)iicrinkrii 

313 

iii'bulosii  III 

310 

jia  jiiiaiiiini 

317 

peroiiii 

304, 

311 

?  ijlunatum 

328 

liunctotnnt 

317 

reticuhttunt 

324 

Schramm  i 

306 

steeastrupii 

315 

?   tigrinnin 

323 

innguniini 

312 

liiiiiidiim... 

316, 

317 

lyphae 

303,  304, 

305 

vdigensc   ... 

314 

rerrnculaiinit 

306, 

309 

iraigciisis 

314 

Oncidiei.la  atro 

327 

grdnnlosa 

327 

ItarhiidernKi 

328 

poteUoides 

324 

relirulata 

324 

siecnslriipii 

315 

tiibularis... 

328 

( )Nrii)iNA  iinstraHs 

325 

Onc'Idium  giisnini 

311 

''    iiiii niioriilii III 

323 

iicbniosiini 

310 

fieroiii 

312 

315 

y  jicri'iii  ... 

326 

1  \  1 1 K  \ . 


,11 


Onoii>ium    ri'miciihiliiiii 

:{()9 

Oncis  riiirrcii      ... 

;{2() 

cliaitwleiiii 

:i20 

Ciiridri'ii    ... 

:{2:{ 

lata           

;{2:{ 

OrmocAitA  ((/io/-i^s 

275 

apornx 

275 

darwinicnsis 

277 

marroleiiidotii     ... 

279 

i>l)hiorej>hulii.i,  Elkoimms 

277 

OpilIORRHINrS  aiKJltfiti/rmiX    .. 

274 

ijra  itilireiis 

274 

inndri'iis  ... 

274 

ornala.  A<JANIPPK 

99 

Albanian  A 

12:? 

AnJIADALIA 

129 

nrnalus,  Gobius             

227 

oxycei>haliiii,  Elkotris 

269 

(OxYKr.EOTRis)  helerodi'it.  Ei-k 

Ol'RIS 

2(55 

OxTKIjKOTKIS  luteo1al>t:i 

2tJ5 

OxYtlRICHTHYS    rOiUlltH.f 

257 

pa  liiipiisls 

257 

liarhijileriiia.  < )Ncii)ih;i.i,A 
l>achyrhyiirhii.^,  Ei'iiyi'I'KS 
parifira,  CoBI'iIS 
lioWnla,  AnaME  ... 

Armadalia 

El.KOTRlS 

pandangensis,  Gobius... 

p((pa,   El.KOTRIS 

paidliosv:<,  Arbanitis  ...  8(), 

papua,  Al'TKNODYTES    ... 

■paimana,  Peronia 
papuanum,  Onchidium 
papuensis,  Gobius 

OXYURICH'I'HYS  ... 

Parachaeturich'ihys  pnlyneiiia 
Paragobiodon  erhinnce phallic 

n}i'Ja  nosiDiia 

,rii  iilhosoinu.'i 
parvicallosii:!,  Tabanus 
parviila.  .Aglaophknia 

Tonna 
parvulum,      (var.),      Doi.ium 

fimhriatum  ... 
I'asyimea  qnadiidentata 

(piadridenlala.  var.  linlf'i 


(piadridentata,    var. 
liqua 
piitarhonira,    .A  I'TENODYTES 
pa  I pU I, id,',  (  >NOHlnE[,I.A 

pafpllnidea,  Onchidella 
pateUoides,  Onchidei.la 

Onoidikm.a 
ponciseptata,  Colu  m  n a  it  i  a 
pauper.  GoBius 

Salarias 


(,//- 


3<i:i 


828 
74 
268 
141 
132 
270 
281 
271 
118 
77 
317 
317 
257 
257 
213 
239 
240 
239 
64 
45 
334 

334 
39 
40 

39 

76 
324 
324 
324 
324 

51 
228 

10 


pi'i-tornsu.'i,  Bui.i.iNus   ... 

6 

PHYSA 

6 

1'eI,EC'(>RHVN(MIUS  iHKliiirlilH 

53 

fimroiiitji'i' 

55 

iiigri  pi'uilis 

55 

tillyardi  ... 

51 

pelorhroa,  Aganippe     ... 

]Oli 

PeNGUINUS  rh,-y.-<(,l«pliiis 

71. 

schleip-li   ... 

74 

jii'i-di.v,   BUCCINUM 

335 

Cauus 

335 

DOMUM    ... 

335 

ToNNA        ... 

3:{5 

var.  ni/a,  'J'onna 

335 

Perukix  rclinilatiis     ... 

335 

PERIOPin'HAhMOIiON   liii  rhd  r 

/.s- 

197 

penophthahtioides,  (iObius 

227 

Periophthalmus     ai-tjeii 

t  1- 

U.tiecUus 

19|. 

a nstralis  ... 

197 

koelrenteri 

]91, 

1 9S 

.'^rhJosseri... 

197 

ppi-oiii,   ?  Oncidium 

326 

I'kronia  acinosii 

326 

corimlenta 

312, 

326 

ferruginej. 

326 

marmoraiii 

306 

itianritiaiia              3(ll-. 

3n(). 

312 

papaaiia  ... 

317 

pitnrtat'i  ... 

"r-          

317 
317 

ioncjana    ... 

312 

toiUp'll.-ils  ... 

312 

rc.rrnrnlata 

306, 

309 

prr<ini,  Oncidium 

312. 

315 

peronii,  Onchidium      ... 

3n|., 

311 

1  'kTROSCIRTES  III  it  rat  IIS 

23 

viperi'lens 

23 

phiiiosotna,  Sai.arias    ... 

12 

phjlaeiKi,  Amblygobius 

253 

Gobius    ... 

253 

PhII.YPNODON  ijraildin'p,: 

274 

niidireps  ... 

271. 

(PhILYPNUS)       lunJii-ep-!.      K 

I,K- 

otris 

274 

PhlOGIUS  rrasaipe.t 

13K 

pheeniceus,  Tj ytoc a r pu s 

47 

Pholeuon  longipes 

110 

Ph rictus  crassipra 

13S 

PhySA  acuiispira 

5 

(Ameria)  alickr 

5 

araclinoidfii 

3 

hrazieri    ... 

7 

ciliosa 

7 

cingiilata 

6 

crebreciliafii 

■■ 

etheridgii 

o 

hainesii   ... 

7 

hirsiitn     ... 

( 

inflata 

8 

lershtnri  ... 

6 

41-2 


RKCOKTKS    OF    THE    AL'STRAIJAN    :\irsE('.M. 


Phtsa   Litilahiatii 

7 

newcomhi 

8 

pectorosus 

6 

pilosa 

7 

pingius    ... 

6 

punchiiatii 

8 

schrayeri 

7 

?  smithi  ... 

8 

?  snhinjiita 

8 

temiiliraia 

0 

tenuistriata 

8 

textnrata 

3 

turt-irulaia 

6 

n-aterhousei 

:5 

yarraensis 

5 

2}hlJS0psis,   LllMN^EA 

H 

(var.),  IsoDORA  newroDtl 

;      8 

/iirta,  ToNNA 

332 

jiictltS,   GOBIUS    ... 

215 

pilnsa,  Physa    ... 

7 

(var.),  Isodora  }ii(i')irsi 

7 

jnngiiis,  Physa  ... 

() 

plana,  Diatominedra... 

61 

jdatuitnm,  ?  Onchidium 

328 

lilanireps,  Elko'I'RIS 

265 

Eleotri.s               265,  27 

0.  275 

2)lanulat }(..•< ,  Pkammobia 

189 

SOLKCURTUS 

189 

Plattschisjia  depre.isiiin 

188 

oculus 

188 

rotundatiini 

188 

rot^mdiit^ivi.  var.  fttrleij 

ensis 

189 

platystoma,  Gobi  us 

230 

lihimipes,  SKLENOTypuR 

138 

Pr.uMULARiA  bnlel 

41 

hreri  roitris 

46 

buskii 

42 

spinulosa... 

43 

vitiana     ... 

46 

Spt.  HOC.     ... 

41 

PoECiLiA  fusca  ... 

268 

poecUicfilhys.  ?  Gobius 

231 

Mapo       

233 

polijnema,  Chakti'richthys   .. 

213 

Gobius    ... 

213 

Parachakturiohthys.. 

213 

2)Oi-ocephaloiiJes,  ?  Eleotris    .. 

275 

pororephalns,  Eleotris 

277 

l,OstpOlieilX,TAB\NVH      ... 

69 

prcBi-upta,  Cypricabdia 

189 

priamensis,  SAh\RikH   ... 

10 

priiireps,  Gobius 

229 

Prionobutis  bucrata   ... 

271 

prolijfirii,  Aglaophbnia 

44 

Halicornaria    .. 

44 

Psaimmobia  phinulatns 

189 

pseudiiciiiithopomns,  CuLius   .. 

268 

ElJtOTRIS 

268 

■'  Pseuuapocryptes     piinctnl- 

nvum 

201 

PSEUDAPOCRYPTICS  ij  II 1 1  uhll  H  i,l 

pHeudobasalis,  Tabanus 
PsEUDOGOBioDON  vitriniis 

verticdlis... 
Ptereleotris  inicr<jlepis 
Pterinea  macroptera  ... 
p}iiIclieJLii!>,  Arbanitis  ... 

Gobius    ... 
piilchra,  Ana  ME 

Arbanitis 

DlArOMINKURA  ... 

pnlleinei,  Arganippe   ... 
pnnrtato,  Pkkonia 
punctiilum.  Onchidh'ji 
picnrtiUatus,  GoBius     ... 

Salarias 
piiiichilai-ioii,  ?  Gobiosoma 

?  PSEUDAPOCRYPTKS 

pioiclitratii,  Physa 
piincluratus    (var.),    IUt.lin 

teniiistnatiig 
puntaiig,  TSiXYUiAfi 
Gobius    ... 
piintnngoides.  Aw  a  o  us... 

EXYRIAS... 

Gnatholepis     ... 
Gobius    ... 
purpufa.tcens,  Lkme 


Q 


(jHiidticoniis,  Salarias 
(jxadridentittd,  Pasythea 

var.  balei,  Pasythea 

var.  oblujHo,  Pasy'I'uka 
qnadri pennis,  Salarias 
qnadripinnis,  Salarias 
qiiiitijHeiiti-ignhis,  Gobiouon   .. 

var.   ceraitiensis,    Gobio 
don  ... 

Gobius    ... 

R 

nnnbowi,  Tabanus 
reclii,  ("ardinia... 
reevei.  Dolium  ... 
veflexa,  Missulena 
ri'gis-ijeorgii.  Diatomineura 
reticniida,  ?  Euuopella 

Oncidiella 
ri'tiriihitiini.  Onchidium 
ret  i  ml  (it  II  a,  Eleotris  ... 

Perorix 
iltiipllidiiCil,  .'Voanippe... 
IviiiNouoBius  /<f/cr((/i.>- 

Ifflivitihi 

limgi 

nebnlogiis 

iit'ophijliix 
Khynuhonella  iiirersii 


S4 


201 

68 

212 

208 

258 

192 

114 

229 

153 

86 

59 

90 

317 

317 

231 

12 

201 

201 

3 

3 
221 
221 
221 
221 
221 
221 
206 


15 
39 

40 
39 

10 

JO 
210 

211 
2J0 


6() 
189 
331 
87 
60 
35 
324 
324 
286 
335 
,  93 
249 
248 
216 
245 
219 
I  S3 


ixorx. 


113 


TACK 

(•i'7i(ir(?soy(i.  Er,KOTRis  ...  ...     284 

rinihttits,   Sai-.mu.as       ..  ...        15 

i-obustii,  Agan'U'i-k        ...  HH.  97 

Anamk     ...          ...  ...      154 

robiistmt,  Elkotris       ...  ..     270 

r(>tn>uh(tn)u.  Pr.ATYSCHiSMA  .  .      18H 

var.  fiiih'ijensis,  Pi,A'iy- 

SCHI.SMA        ...            ...  .      189 

ruhristriatiis,  .Vmblyopus  ...     207 

Taknkudks        ...  ...     207 

nibi-ocapitalii,  Missulkna  82,  87 

(•i(/)roc((/ii7((/i(ui,  Ebiodon  ...       87 

nifn  (viiY.).'Vo'SN\  pei-dl.f  ...     335 

iv/icamhis,  Sai.akias  ...  ..        12 

CK/Hlll,  DOMUM  ...            ...  335 

RlipPKLMA  mehmnsnnta  24(t 

erhi  nnri'pjiiihi      ...  210 


S 


sajax,  Cr-UPKA    ... 

..     173 

Salarias  idboapicali.'<  ... 

21,  22 

iinridens  ... 

18 

biseratus 

Ifi 

brevis 

21 

(•(dvHS 

13 

cheverti    ... 

18 

crisiiceps... 

..       20 

decipiens... 

23 

dnssHmieri 

18 

fanciatnn  ... 

10 

jilameiitnsns 

21 

furratv.'i  ... 

23 

farcus 

10 

f  uncus 

12 

grisexis 

10 

(teminatiis 

..        2.0 

holnmelas 

12 

irroratas... 

13 

Jineatits  ... 

]>S 

Ihienlatiis 

10 

meleiuiri.<! 

16 

mtiUeri 

16 

pfiiiiier 

10 

phaiosomii 

12 

priamensis 

10 

piinrtilhitns 

12 

qniHlricorni.'! 

15 

qnudripennis 

10 

(piad  ripiiinis 

10 

iinilaliii<... 

15 

riijiravdus 

12 

semilitieitiiis 

lo 

.S^«(/rfi)i ;/)... 

12 

i-ariolosvs 

21,  22 

i-iperidens 

23 

subHnetilti>i 

10 

sandriciensi'i.  (HoBlUS    ... 

..     231 

sanyainiii-ins,  Tabanu.s 

...        65 

Sardinia  npoiiilrhardns 

72,  173 

mill I'didex,  OioBirs 

..     236 

srnJ/iiVf;).*,  (loniu.s  239 

urtiiidi-iin,  IIkbki-I.a  36 

SC'ARTKI.AOS    liiidis  ...  20(1 

srhleijeli,  Evi>\\"FKH       ...  71 

I'knuuinus         ...  ...  71- 

.f rhh>.-<Sfi, •  i.  (Ji OBIVH             ...  ...  197 

PkRIOPH  THALMI'S  197 

S(/ir<Miu/u',  Onch  11)1  I'M..             .  306 

srhrnyeri,  PiiYSA            ...  ...  7 

sciiiliUaiia,  LAMPRorom's  ...  135 

srhiteri.  Cai.LOhobii's  ...  203,  219 

El.KOTRIS  ...  219 

EUDYPTKS                ...  ...  74 

GoBioMOKPiirs ...  ...  219 

SeLENOCOSMIA  rca.s-.si/if.s                 .  138 

stirliiiyi   ...          ...  ...  138 

Sklkno'I'ypms  idiimipes  ...  138 

seUieixti.  Elkotris        ...  ...  265 

semicoccinium,   Eriodon  ...  87 

semifrenahis,  GoBlus   ...            ..  211. 

semdinfialvs,  Salarias  ...  10 

sfmi]>iiiirtiitns,  .AsTKRRoi'iKRix  273 

Elkotris            ...  ...  273 

Serthlaria  /)i.s/'Oif>.s((  ...  ...  37 

I'l-i-tihs      :!6 

ntniima    ...          ...  ...  37 

veg(e          ...          ...  ...  38 

SKRTtlLARKLLA    indivisit  ...  36 

xiilinrtirnlata       ...  ...  36 

.letosa,  Armaualia        ...           81-,  130 

SILICULARIA   caiiiiuniiilaria  ...  35 

siHqna,  Cardinia          ...  ...  189 

SiLVius  ater       ...          ...  ...  63 

anstrali^  ...          ...  ...  62 

doddi        ...          ...  ...  63 

fergusniii ...          ...  ...  62 

minor       ...          ...  ...  62 

ttigripentus         ...  ...  63 

Mmilaiis.  Arbanii'is     ...  86,  112 

.s();i^)/«'«.  Cypkicardia  ...  ...  189 

Elkotris            ...  ...  289 

.Sl'liicitS,    BOLEOPH'I'IIALMI.'S  ...  200 

shiunsa,  Thuiaria         ...  ...  38 

Smaragdus  stigimdiriix  ...  223 

smealoid,  Aganippe      ...  ...  90 

Arganippk          ...  ...  90 

siiiilhi.   y  Pii YSA...          ...  ...  3 

soareti.  Eleotris           ...  ...  268 

SOLANDERIA  /'((.srvf           ...  ...  34 

SoLECURTUS  e/i'i/'f»'-'(.s- ...  ..  189 

phiunhituK           ...  ...  189 

sojinralor,  ?  (ioBivH       ...  ...  231 

GoBins    ...          ...  ...  231. 

xpiddhigi.  Salarias      ...  ...  12 

speciona,  Hanchoftiana  127 

s^pinnipex,  Euoplos       ...  ...  126 

.tpiuidosii,  Pliimiilaria  ...  43 

Spirifbr  iitrzelechi        ...  ...  184 

spoUatH'!.  Tabanis        64 

Spongophyllusi  iKxhjxdoldi's...  49 

Stanwellia  deroni       ...           S5,  164 


•414 


KECOIJDS    OP    THE    AU^^TIJAfJAX    MI'SETM. 


steenstiupi,  Onchidium 

Oncidiklla 
stetlioi>hthalmus,  GoBius 
sligmaticHs,  GoBiiis 

Smaragdus 
stirUngi,  Selenocosmia 
stritita,  Elkotris 
strigatif,  Eleotris 
xtrzeleclci,  Martin lopsis 

Spirifer 

StITTCHBURIA   Sjiji. 

siibiirtinihita.  Serti'lareli.a 

Thuiakia 
subiiiflata,  ?  Phyha 
sublineatus,  Alticus    ... 

Salarias 
suhmacnla,  Erephopsis 
siihraduitii,   var.  hidiixlonfii 

Martiniopsis 
snbtristis.  Aganippe       81,  82 

AR<}ANIPPE 
sulcatlrollis,  Eleotris 
sulcosa,  TONNA  ... 

XUICOSKUI,   BUCCINUM       ... 
SUNGENIA  atrc   ... 
stupponitus,  GoEinis 


'1' 


315 

315 

251 

223 

223 

138 

270 

263 

184. 

184. 

191 

3(i 

36 

8 

10 

10 

56 

185 
83,  91 
91 
270 
335 
335 
162 
2:!() 


Tar  ANUS  onieretleuf:     ... 

67 

Jirisbanensis 

7<i 

rii-cu)Hihiin.'< 

67 

(Uminutns 

65 

edentuln.i 

67 

geiitilis     ... 

..       ()7 

hobartiensist 

..       67 

iiidt'Jiinitus 

68 

iiHperfecius 

..       66 

macqiiarti 

65 

miisgravii 

..       64 

neobdsalis 

..       67 

piirficallosiis 

..       64 

pontponen.'i 

..       69 

psendobasalis 

..       68 

I'li'mbowi  ... 

66 

sdiiguiiKtrivx 

65 

spniidtns ... 

..       64 

vetii.-itvs   ... 

..       67 

virtorieii:<i.-< 

(il 

tabtilai-is.  On(MDIKLi,a... 

..      328 

tirnlatvs.  AspinoN'i'iis  ... 

23 

'J'.*;nioH)Es   rvhrixli-iiihis 

. .     207 

tcennirii..  Ei-kothi.s 

..     263 

tanmretisi.i,  Gobius 

..     229 

Ta MBOU RI NI a N  a   (•-(  i-liibi  1  i.t 

.      121 

Vii  riiibil  !>•,       v;ir.       jlai 

.  - 

iiiiinthilii 

8(i.   122 

if,iiiiUiiii<i     (var.).     liri.i.ix 

■s 

iiriilispi  I'll     ... 

5 

I'hysa 

5 

teniiistriata,  Phvsa 

3 

teiuiistriatiis.  Bdllinus 

3 

var.  arachitoideiis 

Bu[,i.- 

INUS... 

3 

var.  rnnfliiens,  Bullinus 

4 

var.   innictni-atnn, 

Br 

M.- 

INUS... 

3 

var.    /<',i'/((/-i(/i(s, 

BULL- 

INUS... 

3 

var.    )riiferhoiixei. 

BULI,- 

INUS... 

3 

tepperi,  Chenisto.nia   .. 

160 

teslaceo,  Diatomineura 

61 

te.itardi,  DoLiuw 

331 

tetracotula,  Tonna 

332 

ietrica,  Cataxia 

133 

textut-ata,  Physa 

3 

texturatiis      (var.).     Bum.incs 

teiinistriofii.< 

3 

THECOCARPU.S  breL-iroatr 

*• 

45 

Thuiaria  artir}ilat(i 

36 

bidens 

36 

sinuosa     ... 

38 

sub"  rti  nil  at  a 

36 

tubHliformis 

38 

regce 

38 

Thujaria  tnbuJifortiiis 

38 

tigi-inntn,  ?  Onchidium 

323 

tiUyardi,  Pei.ecorhtnchits 

51. 

tincta,   CAMPANUr,ARlA 

35 

totHjaiia,  Peronia 

312 

ti}iigiuni>u,  Onchidii'M 

312 

toiigeit.fis,  Peronia 

:;i2 

Tonna  ampiiUacea 

330 

canalicHlatii 

335 

rerevhiiiii 

330 

rerevisitia,  var.  /( 

( i(  n 

I.i- 

ensis 

331 

coslala 

330, 

334 

nnniiigii  ... 

331 

Jh)ibriittii ... 

334 

pari'ulii    ... 

334 

perdix 

335 

perdix,  var.  rufii 
pirfit 

335 
332 

siilrnmi 

335 

l.'fi-<i<;,hiJ,i 

332 

lUd-it^gatii 

\:mi. 

331 

:!32 

'\\Mi}>K.\)0  fdirrliihli 

171 

I'lisni 

171 

liniinalil,   Ap'IENODVTKS 

-- 

tiiibeatii^.  El.KdTRIS       .. 

2(il 

Trip TERTiii I'M  }ti<i,-»inri 

hin 

21 

t)lblllil'oi-illl^.  'I'liriARIA 

38 

Thi'.iaria 

38 

hiDiidnw,  Onchidium  .. 

316, 

317 

iaini/riDia,  Elko  iris    .. 

279 

ti(n-intl<it«.  Physa 

() 

tiu-iita,  .Vmi'i.icxa 

6 

Igpline,  Onuhiuiim 

<(i3. 

:i(U., 

305 

415 


intfi-nliir.    ?   l'h,l,KHVA 


..     208 


!•((;/((,   AtJLAOrHKNorSlK 

29 

raiijensc.  ONrmnuiiM    ... 

JJlt 

(•(( isi (/(HI  1  .<,  (.1  i,(>s.s( Hi ( •  B 1  r .s 

237 

VaI.KNCIKNN'KA   ,iniriisis 

261 

lincaia 

264 

lonijii)iiinis 

263 

mural  is    ... 

261 

^^\l,K^'l'IKNNKSIA   h'l.ssdlii 

217 

lon(jii>iiinis 

263 

raliiht,  Atrax    ... 

86, 

165 

riiriabilis,    Viir.    jldi-oiuncnl 

ata 

Tambouriniana    ... 

86, 

122 

raneijat'(,  Tdnna               '.\W. 

:{:51, 

332 

rar'wyat inn,  Doi,iu.m     ... 

■MO, 

332 

variolosKs,  Sai,Auiais     ... 

2] 

,  22 

vetjw,  8krtui,aria 

38 

Thuiaria 

38 

veneris,  Avicula 

189 

Cypricaruia 

189 

vent  rails,  (jioBiiis 

227 

retit ricosa,  A nkfsiaija... 

167 

verntculata,  Pekonia  ... 

306, 

309 

verriiciilatuDi,  Onchiuium 

;{06, 

309 

Oncidium 

309 

versiita,  Atrax  ... 

85,  86 

verticalis,  Gobiodon     ... 

208 

PSEUDOGOBIODON 

208 

reiitsfus.  Tabanus 

67 

vicina,  Erkphopsis 

57 

var.  georgli,  Erkphopsis 

57 

victoriensis,  Tabanus    ... 

64 

villosa,  Aganippe 

96 

Albanian  A 

87, 

124 

Aname    ... 

87, 

141 

Chknistonia     ... 

84, 

161 

viiic  rill  ens,  Petroscirte.s 

23 

Salarias 

23 

rir 

ilis,  .\i,i,()(i(iuirK 

260 

Ht>l-K«>l'lirHAI..Ml'S 

2(H) 

Fa'idia     

260 

(i()B1I!«      ... 

200 

SCAlflEl.AUK 

20(1 

ril, 

.1/1.',   AuLAOPHKiNIA... 

•K) 

I'liUBIlM.AKlA 

46 

ml 

//(I.   (ioBll  S  ... 

230 

rill 

inriilii,  EcTEN'ol'lSlS.. 

63 

vai'.  ni'jri iiennis,  E 

CTEN- 

Ol'SIS 

63 

ml 

lirs,  A  I, BUI, A  ... 

172 

w 


iraiijcnsis,  Onciudium  ...  ...  314 

Waitea  niaxillaris        ...  ...  250 

waitli,  GoBius   ...          ...  ...  239 

waterlioasei,  Physa       ...  ...  3 

(var.),    BuLMMi.s  Imn- 

istriatns       ...           ...  ...  3 

iratlcinsnni,  (.lOBiUS       ...  ..  229 


X,    AeiLAOPHENIA  y  ...  ...  47 

xantliosonia,  GoBinn      ...  ...     239 

xanthosoinns,  ParauobiuooiN  ...     239 


y,  Aiii.AOPiiKNiA  y 
yarraensis,  Phvsa 

(var.),    BiiLi.iNUS  acnt- 
isjiira 


Z 


ZoNOGOBlVH  nnrliijasriatns      ...      242 
'^Dimra,  Eviota...  ...  ...     260 

zorodes.  Arjiadalia      ...  ...     131