~ REPORT
BURY
NAT, HIST.
— SOCIETY
1868-7]
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on Te UY Ye
Yan ye
BURY
1872
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- BURY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY,
FOUNDED JANUARY, 1868.
REPORT
_ FROM JANUARY, 1868, TO DECEMBER, 1871, INCLUSIVE,
p
WITH THE
RULES, LIST OF MEMBERS, &c.,
INCLUDING
“LIST OF THE PLANTS,
saa oe
\SECTS, BIRDS, AND ANIMALS OF THE DISTRICT,
AUTHENTICATED BY MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY. |
es ae NS ;
PUBLISHED BY THE BURY NATURAL HISTORY 80
ae BURY:
meee
JOHN HEAP, PRINTER AND STATIONER, “TIMES” OFFICE, UNION SQUARE.
; 1872.
PRICE ONE SHILLING.
29 SER 956
BURY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY,
FOUNDED JANUARY, 1868.
Em Ee
REPORT ‘(36
rey dis
FROM JANUARY, 1868, TO DECEMBER, 1871, INCLUSIVE, ~—
WITH THE
RULES, LIST OF MEMBERS, K&C.,
INCLUDING
LISTS: OF THE PLANTS:
INSECTS, BIRDS, AND ANIMALS OF THE DISTRICT,
AUTHENTICATED BY MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY.
—_
PUBLISHED BY THE BURY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY,
BURY:
JOHN HEAP, PRINTER AND STATIONER, “ TIMES” OFFICE, UNION SQUARE.
1872,
PRICE ONE SHILLING
“
LIST OF OFFICERS AND MEMBERS FOR 1872.
President:
Ra uo. ADOOGE:
; Pice-Presidents :
T. B. BOTT, M.D., SAMUEL HORROCKS, RD. DAVENPORT,
ROBERT KAY, DAVID WORMALD.
hibrarian and Curator:
SAMUEL WILD.
Yreasurer ;
ROBERT FATRBROTHER.
fion, Secretary :
THOMAS CHARLES
Wembers :
ALCOCK R. H.
ALCOCK JOSEPH
BOOTH ALBERT
Bor’ T..B., M.D.
BROADBENT W. S.
BROWN THOMAS
CHARLES THOMAS
DAVENPORT RICHARD
DAVIES T. C., M.D.
DEARDEN THOMAS
DRAKE JOHN
FATRBROTHER ROBERT
FLETCHER ADAM, M.D.
FLETCHER THOMAS
GRUNDY HARRY
HALL WILLIAM
HARTLEY WILLIAM
HOLT THOMAS
HOLT WILLIAM
HORROCKS SAMUEL
JACKSON DENNIS .
JAKENS JOSEPH
KAY EDWIN
KAY JOHN
KAY ROBERT
KAY SAM. ;
LONSDALE EDWARD
NUTTALL JOHN
NUTTALL THOMAS
PATRICK WILLIAM
PIXTON JAMES
RICHARDSON JOSEPH
SHEPHERD JOSEPH
SIMPKIN EDWARD
SMITH JOHN THOMAS
TOOTILL ROBERT
TURNER THOMAS D.
WILD SAMUEL
WORMALD D. A,
WOOD JOSEPH.
CATALOGUE OF BOOKS
IN THE LIBRARY.
GEOLOGY.
. Geology, Introductory Text Book of: Page.
. Geological Examinator: Page.
. Geology for General Readers: Page.
eo bo Me
BOTANY.
. Elementary Botany: Oliver.
. Structural Botany: Cook.
. Notes on the Food of Plants: Grundy.
. Vegetable Kingdom: Lindley.
. Handbook of British Flora: Bentham.
. British Ferns: Moore.
10. Manchester Flora: Grindon.
11. Profitable Plants: Archer.
coon na ao »
ENTOMOLOGY.
12. British Butterflies: Newman.
18. British Moths: Newman.
MICROSCOPY.
14. The Microscope and its Revelations: Carpenter.
15. Half-Hours with the Microscope: Lankester.
16. Common Objects of the Microscope: Wood.
PHYSIOLOGY.
a7. Elementary Physiology: Huxley.
18. Questions on Physiology: Alcock.
19. Comparative Anatomy: Carns.
No.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24,
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44,
45.
46.
47.
6
MISCELLANEOUS.
Chemistry of Common Life. Vol. I.: Johnston.
“ Vol. IL.
Uses of Animals to Man: Lankester.
Handbook to the Marine Aquarium : Gosse.
Common Objects of the Country : Wood.
Common Objects of the Sea-Shore : Wood.
Summer Rambles in Lancashire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, and
Derbyshire : Grindon.
Land and Fresh Water Shells: Dyson.
Hardwick’s Science Gossip. 1865.
3 1866.
35 1867.
3 1868.
“fs 1869.
+ 1870.
4) 1871.
Nature. Vol. I.
Ws Vol, II.
‘ Vol. IIT.
Intellectual Observer. Vol. I.
“7 Vol..I;
a Vol. III.
FA Vol. IV.
Science Lectures for the People. 1st series: Roscoe and others.
‘ 2nd series.
Selected Essays: Huxley.
Foraminifera: Alcock. (From transactions of Manchester
Literary and Philosophical Society.)
Report of Lower Mosley Street Schools Natural History Society.
1870.
Transactions Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society, 1870-71.
SAMUEL WILD.
RULES.
I—The meetings of the members shall be held on the first and
third Tuesday evening of each month at eight o’clock.
Ii.—The subscription shall be 6d. per month.
I1I.—Any member neglecting to pay his subscription for six months
shall cease to be a member.
TV.—Members may propose at any of the ordinary meetings such
books as they think it is desirable should be added to the Library ;
any member so proposing a book, to state its price and give all the
information he can respecting it.
V.—Members shall return the Society’s books at the next ordinary
meeting after the expiration of the time allowed for reading, or failing
to do so, shall pay a fine of 1d. a volume: the time allowed for
reading cannot be extended if the book is wanted by any other
member.
VI.—Any member damaging or losing any book, or other property
of the Society, shall make good or replace the same.
VII.—On the first Tuesday in December of each year there shall be
a meeting to elect officers, and arrange proceedings for the ensuing
year; at such meeting the Secretary shall read a report of the pro-
ceedings of the past year, and the treasurer shall produce the
accounts.
VIIL.—The Society shall not be dissolved without the consent of
three-fourths of the members.
TX.—All business connected with the Society (with the exception of
that provided for by rule VIII.) shall be decided by a majority of the
members present at the ordinary meetings.
X.—Any person wishing to become a member ofthe Society may be
proposed at any ordinary meeting, and shall be balloted for at the next
meeting of the Society ; a majority of votes to elect.
XI.—The officers of the Society shall be President, Vice-Presidents,
Treasurer, Secretary, and Librarian and Curator.
XII.—No addition shall be made to, nor alteration in the foregoing
rules, nor shall any bye-law be made, excepting at a special meeting
of the Society, called by circular addressed to each member, one month
previously, stating the proposed addition, alteration, or bye-law.
PREFACE.
Tse Bury Naturat History Society haying now been in existence
four years, has resolved to publish this report for the use of its
members and others to whom it may be of interest.
We have frequently felt the want of a list, showing our local Flora
and Fauna, for reference. Much information has been brought before
our Society, the utility of which to us will be greatly enhanced by
this publication, and we believe that it may also prove useful to many
who are not on our list of members.
There are several advantages to be derived from such a record
however imperfect it may be, and it has therefore been decided
not to wait until something like completeness could be attained, but
print the information we have now.
Among the advantages which the existence of such a record offers
are :—instruction to beginners as to where particular specimens may
be found or looked for with a probability of success ; an easy book of
reference, to find the scientific name of a specimen, together with its
classification, the English name being known; an addition (though
slight) to the general knowledge of the Natural History of the King-
dom, and, above all (so far as our Society is concerned), an indication
of the work that still remains to be done, by means of a detailed
statement of the facts that we have so far ascertained or verified.
The filling up of many wide gaps will be facilitated by a reference
to these lists, as they show what information we are short of.
Tt will be seen at once that, in several branches of Natural History,
a great deal remains to be done. We present no geological report ;
we have recorded nothing of the Hepatic, Mosses, and Fungi, nor of
microscopic animalcules and plants; the Mollusca are all but
untouched, and the very interesting study of objects collected by pond-
dredging seems to have found no favour with us. It would be easy to
point out many such deficiencies, but the work of a general Natural
History Society being of such vast extent as to be practically without
limit, a young Society such as ours may be expected to touch but
lightly for a while on the more difficult and abstruse branches of its
study.
Still we exclude no section of Natural History, taking the term in
its widest sense.
This was our programme at the foundation of the Society, and it
has received the sanction of the numerous members who have since
joined it.
The prominence of any one branch of inquiry beyond another
indicates the popularity of that division, compared with the others,
amongst our members. The greatest number of our hard workers
9
are without doubt Entomologists, and several of our members have
excellent collections, especially of the Lepidoptera. It is no wonder
that this is the case, when we consider not only the number and
beauty of the various species, the excitement of the chase in capturing
them, the readiness with which their wonderful development from the
egg to the perfect insect may be watched at home in all its stages, but
also the proximity of Chat Moss, Carrington Moss, and other
places where they are to be found in great abundance, so that a large
and interesting collection may be made in ashorttime. The making
of a collection of specimens is almost, if not absolutely, essential to
the successful study of Natural History, in any of its numerous divi-
sions and sub-divisions. ‘To examine at one time one specimen, and
at another a different one, no matter how exact the notes which may
be made, does not convey to and impress upon the mind anything
like the same amount of information as may be gained by placing
individual specimens side by side, in a collection. Beyond this there
are those peculiar charms of memory—known only to collectors—
connected with the history of each particular specimen ; the time, the
place, the companions, and other circumstances connected with it,
are vividly recalled, and always with pleasure. Several members of
our Society have taken great interest in the collection and preserva-
tion of birds and in the study of Ornithology. At the exhibitions that
have been held by the Society, it has been remarked that there has
been a great preponderance of Entomological and Ornithological
specimens. These, and collections of birds’ eggs, have been much
admired for their excellence in every respect. Botanical specimens
have not made so great a show, chiefly because dried specimens of
plants occupy a great deal of space, are easily damaged, and are found
not to be of great general interest. The botanical division of Natural
History has, for this reason, been chiefly represented at our exhibi-
tions by specimens of foreign vegetable productions, and illustrations
of the uses to which they are applied.
These exhibitions have pretty fairly represented the chief divisions
of Natural History that our Society has so far taken up.
Many of our members are provided with microscopes, and one—the
property of the Society—is kept in the meeting room, for use when-
ever required.
The following report of our proceedings will show that numerous
subjects, besides those already mentioned, have been brought before
us.
The lists which we publish do not represent the number of speci-
mens that have been submitted to our consideration. Numerous
beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles, insects, and plants have been shown,
which have been obtained from a distance. Deformities, both animal
and vegetable, and cultivated garden plants have also been exhibited,
and several members have at different times made excursions to
10
various parts of the country, in almost every direction, have reported
what they have observed, and exhibited specimens that they have
collected.
The majority of these excursions have been to the seaside, and chiefly
to our western coast, including Aberystwith, Anglesea, Llandudno,
Rhyl, Hilbre Island and the Hundred of Wirrall, Southport, Black-
pool, Fleetwood, Ulverstone, Grange, Whitbarrow, and the Isle
of Man. We have also had a few reports from the eastern coast, and
several from members who have travelled inland.
We have determined to confine our lists to a radius of 20 miles
from Bury, and only in a few instances has this rule been overstepped, ~
when a rare specimen has been found, just outside the limit.
The compilation of the different lists has been entrusted to the
members of the society whose names are attached.
Poyort of the Bury Natural History Society
From its commencement to December, 1871.
1868.
The first meeting of the Society was held January 15th, 1868, with
a roll of 18 members. Six new members joined the Society during
the year, but through leaving the town, and other causes, six retired,
leaving the number as at first.
During the year 46 meetings were held, and 20 papers read on the
following subjects :-—
Twelve lectures on “ Structural and Economic Botany.” ‘ The Fresh
Water Fishes of England.” ‘The Natural Orders Crucifere,
Orobanchacew, Scrophulariacee, and Labiate.” “ The Bark-
Cloth of the South Sea Islands,” illustrated by specimens collected
in three voyages of Captain Cook, and lent by Mr. Hampden
G. Glasspoole, of Ormsby St. Michael. By Mr. R. H. Alcock.
« A Visit to a Bone Cave in Somersetshire,” by the Rev. B. Herford.
«Fresh Water and Land Shells of England,” by Mr. 8. H. Alcock.
‘«‘ Bchinodermata,” by Dr. Alcock.
«« A Visit to North Wales,” by Mr. T. Holt.
The rest of the meetings were devoted to the ordinary business of
the Society. An excursion was made to Simpson Clough.
At the commencement of the year the president offered a prize of
£5 to the member who collected and produced at the end of the year
the best collection of specimens of British plants. The prize was
awarded to Mr. James Pixton, who produced about 160 specimens.
1869.
The Society commenced the year with 18 members, and ended it
with 42, being an increase of 24. There has been a decrease in the
number of lectures and papers, there being 9 this year against 20 in
1868. The following is a list of the subjects :—
«The tribe Mammalia,”’ by Dr. Alcock.
« Geology,” by Mr. D. Wormald.
a hy ‘ecm of Science on the origin of man,” by Mr. J. Plant,
‘« Birds, their nests and eggs,” by Mr. T. D. Turner.
* Spring Flowers,” by Rev. Jos. Freeston.
«The anatomy of Birds,” by Mr. Norman Moore, B.A.
‘‘ The nervous system and nervous force,” by Mr. J. K. Wright, B.A.
‘* Edible fruits,” by Mr. R. H. Alcock.
12
The remaining 87 meetings were occupied with the ordinary busi-
ness of the Society. Two excursions were made in the course of the
year, one to New Mills, in Derbyshire, on which occasion the members
were entertained by Mr. S. H. Alcock; the other was to Ringley and
its neighbourhood.
During the year a library was formed of 26 volumes, The Society
also joined the Lancashire, Yorkshire, and Cheshire Amalgamated
Natural History Society, which holds its meetings quarterly in the
different towns connected with it in rotation.
1870.
This year 42 members were on the books at its commencement,
and at its conclusion 45, being an increase of 3. Forty-nine meetings
were held, with an average attendance of 10 members. At three of
these the following papers were read :—
‘The natural history of water,” by Mr. R. H. Alcock.
‘The physical geography and natural history of Kinder, in Derby-
shire,”’ read by Dr. Bott, contributed by Mr. R. H. Alcock.
**A second lecture on Butterflies and Moths,” by the Rey. J. T.
Whitehead.
Thirty-eight evenings were occupied by the business of ordinary
meetings, and the remaining eight by microscopical investigation,
under the presidency of Mr. Samuel Horrocks and Dr. Bott. ;
Excursions were made to the following places:—Mere Clough,
Simpson Clough, Hudear (for the purpose of dragging a reservoir),
Springside, Deeply Vale and Grant’s Tower, and the cloughs near
Ringley Road station. ;
In the course of the year an additional cabinet to hold the Society’s
specimens was obtained, at a cost of £5 10s., which was defrayed by
the subscriptions of the members and a few friends. The Society is
indebted to several of its members and friends for gifts of specimens
this year. The library has increased from 26 to 81 volumes, and the
following periodicals are now taken in ;—‘“‘ Nature,” ‘ Hardwick’s
Science Gossip,” ‘‘ Newman’s Entomology.”
1871.
This year there has been a decrease of five in the number of mem-
bers, leaving 40 upon the roll. Forty-nine meetings have been held.
The largest attendance at an ordinary meeting has been 18, the
smallest 38. On an average there has been an attendance of 9
at each meeting, against 10 last year. Twenty-nine of the 41
members have made an average attendance of 16, the remaining
12 being honorary members. The Society having come to the
conclusion that weekly meetings are too frequent, has decided to hold
them in future twice a month, viz., on the first and third Tuesdays.
Lectures were delivered on—
18
«« Foraminifera,” by Dr. Alcock.
««The Folk-lore of Natural History,” by Mr. Robert Holland.
«‘The Natural History of organised beings,” by the Rev. J. Ellis.
The following papers, followed by discussions, were read by members
of the Society :—
‘‘ Insects and their eggs.”—Mr. Robert Kay.
‘‘The Microscope.’’—Mr. Samuel Horrocks.
‘* Spiders.”.—Mr. Dennis Jackson.
‘“¢ Larve.”’—Mr. W. Hall.
** Starch.”—Mr. R. H. Alcock.
«The Eel.” —Dr. Bott.
«« A visit to Aberystwith.”—Mr. R. H. Alcock.
Four evenings were spent in microscopical study, and the remaining
84 were ordinary meetings. Excursions have also been made to places
of interest in the neighbourhood, and the Society has been favoured
on one occasion by the company and assistance of Mr. Leo H. Grindon,
during a walk to Deeply Vale, Grant’s Tower, and neighbourhood.
The Library now contains 47 works, two or three being small
pamphlets. It has been judged advisable to join the Ray Society,
that we may have the advantage of its valuable publications, but we
have not yet received any of them.
In December, 1870, an exhibition was held in connection with a
meeting in Bury of the Amalgamated Society of Lancashire, York-
shire, and Cheshire, which was attended by 1037 persons. Certain
restrictions on the arrangements, arising from the rules of the Amal-
gamated Society, caused a loss of £2 10s. 33d.
The report of the treasurer shows a balance in favour of the Society
at the end of the year of £8 19s. 6d.
THOS. CHARLES.
LIST OF PLANTS
Noticed by the Bury Natural History Society within jifteen
| miles of Bury.
In compiling this list, I have gone carefully through the minutes of
our Society for the last four years, and have also examined the com-
peting collections of botanical specimens for a prize, a few years back.
T have supplemented the information derived from these sources only.
by the addition of such plants as I have noticed myself and can vouch
for. Excepting in the case of very common plants which have been
brought from time to time to our meetings either in the infancy of the
Society, or for purposes of illustration, or anatomical study, or where
a plant is recorded on my own observation only, the initials of the
contributing members have been attached.
From causes already alluded to, there have been several changes in
our constitution since we commenced operations, and therefore
several authorities that I quote are no longer members of our Society.
This is the key to the initials :— ‘
J. P.—James Pixton. R. F.—Robert Fairbrother.
J. T. W.—Rev. J. T. Whitehead. | S. H.—Samuel Horrocks.
J. W.—Joseph Wrigley. T. C._-Thomas Charles.
J. A.—Joseph Alcock. W. H.—William Holt.
R. K.— Robert Kay.
In arranging the list I have followed Bentham’s ‘‘ Handbook of the
British Flora” so far as the flowering plants go. For the ferns I have
taken Moore's British Ferns, because many make an almost exclusive
study of these plants, and this admirable handbook only costs 1s.
As to the English names, I have been much puzzled. I have made
no attempt to indicate systematically specific distinctions by English
names, but have preferred to use those by which the plants are most
commonly known. This even is no easy task to carry out, for many
plants are not known by any English name, and in many instances
T have never heard an English name, though there probably is one;
in other instances there are several names. In cases of doubt of this
kind I have referred principally to Withering’s ‘“‘ British Plants,”
Smith’s ‘English Flora,” and to Hooker and Arnott’s ‘‘ British Flora.”
A few Fungi have been brought to our meetings, and a few of us
have become to a limited extent toad-stool eaters, but so little has
been done by us in this study that I omit them altogether.
15
Several plants evidently not belonging to our neighbourhood, and
some not belonging to the British Flora at all, I have observed grow-
ing where cotton refuse—more especially the refuse from Egyptian
cotton—has been thrown down. Our Society has thought that it
would be best not to omit all mention of them, but to distinguish
them from the other plants by prefixing an asterisk (*).
R. H. ALCOCK.
OLASS I.—DICOTYLEDONS. TWO SEED-LEAVES.
Sus-Crass 1.—Thalamiflores. Stamens inserted below the Pistil.
Order Ranunculaceae. The Crowfoot Family.
Anemone nemorosa. Wood Anemone. Common.
Ranunculus aquatilis. Water Crowfoot. Not very common near Bury. Chesham.
R. hederaceus. Ivy C. Common.
R. Flammula. Spearwort. Common.
R. I’. var. sub-erectus (Syme). Chesham.
R. Ficaria. Pilewort. Common.
R. acris. Upright Crowfoot. Common.
R. repens. Creeping C. Common.
R. bulbosus. Buttercup. Not so frequent as the two last, which are also com-
monly called Buttercups. Buckley wells, T. C. Gorsey brow.
Order Nympheacee. The Waterlily Family.
Nymphea alba. White Waterlily. Fletcher's fold, T. C. Hudear.
Nuphar lutea. Yellow W. Hudcar.
Order Fumariacee. The Fumitory Family.
Corydalis claviculata. White Fumitory. Gigg wood, J. P.
Order Crucifere. The Crucifer Family.
Barbarea vulgaris. Winter-cress. Frequent in the neighbourhood of gardens.
Nasturtium officinale. Water-cress. Elton fold. Plumpton, T. C.
Cardamine pratensis. May flower. Common.
C. hirsuta. Hairy Bitter-cress. Common.
Alliaria officinalis. Jack by the hedge. Springside, J. P.
Erysimum cheiranthoides. Wormseed. Castlecroft, J. P.
Brassica Sinapistrum. Charlock. Common.
Capsella Bursa-pastoris. Shepherd’s purse. Common.
Lepidium campestre. Field-cress. Ogden valley.
*L. ruderale. Narrow-leaved cress. From cotton refuse.
*Senebiera Coronopus. Wart-cress. From cotton refuse.
Order Violacee. The Violet Family.
Viola palustris. Marsh Violet. Mere clough.
V. canina var. sylvatica. Dog Violet. Common.
V. tricolor. Pansy. Common.
Order Caryophyllacee. The Pink Family.
Saponaria Vaccaria. Ainsworth, in cornfields: Hudcar, twice as a garden weed.
Silene inflata. Bladder Campion. Castlecroft, J. P. Unsworth.
Lychnis vespertina. White C. Lammy bank, 'T. C. Unsworth.
. diurna. Red C. Common in damp woods.
L. Githago. Corn-cockle. Chat moss, R. K.
L. Flos-cuculi. Ragged Robin. Common with L. diurna.
16
Sagina procumbeus. Pearlwort. Common.
Arenaria serpyllifolia. Thyme-leaved Sandwort. Birtle, J. P.
A. trinervis. Three nerved 8. Common.
Cerastium vulgatum. Mouse-ear chickweed. Common.
Stellaria media. Chickweed. Common.
S. uliginosa. Bog stitchwort. Common.
8. Holostea. Greater stitchwort. Common.
Spergula arvensis. Yarr. Common.
Order Hypericacee. The St. John’s Wort Family.
Hypericum quadrangulum. St. Peter’s wort. Near Buckhurst school, J. P. Ains
worth, J. T. W.
H. humifusum. Trailing St. John’s wort. Near Buckhurst school, J. P.
H. pulchrum. Pretty St. John’s wort. Bamford wood.
Order Linacee. The Flax Family.
Linum catharticum. Mountain Flax. On hill pastures. Common.
Order Malvaceae. The Mallow Family.
Malva sylvestris, Mallow. Hudcar and elsewhere as a garden weed; not other-
wise common.
*M. verticillata. From cotton refuse.
Order Tiliacee. The Lime Family.
Tilia europea. Lime tree. Does not seem to flower close to the town, but freely
at Limefield.
Order Geraniacee. The Crane’s bill Family.
Geranium Robertianum. Herb Robert. Bamford wood.
G. dissectum. Jagged Crane's bill. Lees, J.P. Chesham.
Oxalis Acetosella. Wood-sorrel. Common.
Order Polygalacee. The Milkwort Family.
Polygala vulgaris. Milkwort. Common.
Order Aceracee. The Maple Family.
Acer Pseudo-platanus. Sycamore. Commonly cultivated, and withstands smoke
well.
Sous-crass II.—Calycifiores. Stamens around or upon the Pistil.
Order Leguminose. The Leguminous Family.
Ulex europzus. Gorse. Common. .
Genista tinctoria. Dyer’s green-weed. Springside, J. P.
G. anglica. Needle-whin. Near Buckhurst school, J. P.
Ononis arvensis. Rest-harrow. Lees, J. P.
Medicago maculata. Spotted Medick. Hudcar.
Trifolium pratense. Honeysuckle Clover. Common.
T. medium. Cow C. Common.
T. repens. White C. Common. : ;
T. procumbeus. Lesser Trefoil. Spring Side, J. P.
T. filiforme. Least T. Common.
Lotus corniculatus. Bird’s-foot T. Common.
Vicia hirsuta. Tare. Springs, J. P.
V.Cracca. Tufted Vetch, Common.
V. sativa. Fodder V. Not uncommon. Brandlesome.
Lathyrus Aphaca. Yellow Vetchling. Appeared once as a garden weed at Hudoar.
L. pratensis. Meadow V. Chesham, Ringley, &e. Common, __
L. macrorrhizus. Bitter Vetch. Common. Dunsters, T. C. Birtle Dean.
*Scorpiurus sulcata. Caterpillars. From cotton refuse.
17
Order Rosaceae. The Rose Family:
Prunus communis. Blackthorn. Broadoak Wood.
P. Cerasus. Dwarf Cherry. Mere clough, J. P.
P. Padus. Bird GC. Kennels, Limefield, J. P. Chesham.
Spircea Ulmaria. Meadow-sweet. Dunsters, T.C. Kennels, Limefield.
Rubus idoeus. Raspberry. Bamford wood. Grant's tower.
R. fruticosus. Blackberry. Common.
Fragaria vesca. Strawberry. Mere clough, T.C. Bamford wood.
Potentilla Fragariastrum. Barren strawberry. Common.
P. Tormentilla. Tormentil. Common.
P. auserina. Silver-weed. Common. Unsworth.
Alchemilla vulgaris. Lady's mantle. Common.
A. arvensis. Parsley piert. Elton Vale, T. C.
Rosa canina. Dog Rose. Common.
R. arvensis. White D. R. Common.
Pyrus Aucuparia. Mountain-ash. Common. Holcombe, T. C.
Cratoegus Oxyacantha. Hawthorn. Common.
Order Onagracee. The Willow-herb Family.
Epilobium hirsutum. Hairy Willow-herb. Common. Ringley.
FE. montanum. Broad-leaved W. Common. Simpson’s clough.
Circeea Lutetiana. Enchanter's nightshade. Bamford wood.
C. alpina. Alpine E. nightshade: Bamford wood.
Order Saxifragacee. The Saxifrage Family.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. Opposite-leaved Sengreen. Common.
C. alterinfolium. Alternate-leaved S. Not common. Mere Clough.
Drosera rotundifolia. Mound-leaved Sundew. Chat moss. R. K.
D. longifolia. Long-leaved S. Chat moss, R. K.
Order Umbellifere. Unmbelliferous Plants.
Hydrocotyle vulgaris. Pennywort. Chesham.
Apium grayeolens. Celery. Springside, J. P.
*Ammi majus. ———— From cotton refuse.
*Feeniculum vulgare. Fennel. From cotton refuse.
Angelica sylvestris. Wild Angelica. Common.
Heracleum Sphondylium. Cow-parsnip. Common.
Myrrhis odorata. Sweet Cicely. Common.
Bunium flexuosum. Earth-nut. Common.
Chzrophyllum sylvestre. Chervil. Common.
Caucalis Anthriscus. Hedge-parsley. Common.
; Order Araliaceez. The Ivy Family
Hedera Helix. Ivy. Common.
Svs-Crass I1I.—Monopetals. Petals united.
Order Caprifoliacee. The Honeysuckle Family.
Adoxa Moschatellina. Moscatel. Notcommon. Mere clough.
Sambucus nigra. Elder. Common.
Viburnum Opulus. Guelder rose. Kirklees, T. C. Gigg wood, J.P. Chesham.
Lonicera Periclymenum. Honeysuckle. Common. Dunsters, T.C. Kennels,
Limefield, Chesham fold, Ainsworth, &c.
Order Stellate. The Stellate Family.
Galium palustre. Marsh Bedstraw. Ringley.
G. uliginosum. Marsh Goosegrass. Ringley. cds
18
G. saxatile. Heath Bedstraw. Very common,
G. Aparine. Cleavers. Common. Ringley.
Asperula odorata. Sweet Woodruff. Bamford wood. .
Sherardia arvensis. Field-madder. Not common about Bury. Ainsworth, J.T. W.
Order Valerianacee. The Valerian Family.
Valeriana officinalis. Great Valerian. Kennels, Limefield, J.P. Gigg,R.F. Dob
wood, T. C. Common in wet places.
Order Dipsacacece. The Teasel Family.
Scabiosa succisa. Devil’s bit. Common. Elton vale, W. H. Dunsters, T. C.
Order Composite. The Composite Family.
Tussilago Farfara. Colt’s-foot. Common.
T. Petasites. Butter-bur. Common all along the river sides, and at Simpson
clough, &c.
Solidago Virgaurea. Golden-rod. Springside. Near Grant’s tower, J. P.
Inula dysenterica. Fleabane. Kennels, Limefield, J. P. Dunsters, T. C. Ains-
worth, J. T. W.
Bellis perennis. Daisy. Common.
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum. Oxeye. Common.
C. segetum. Corn-marigold. Ainsworth, J.T.W. Near Grant’s tower, J.P. Hudcar.
C. inodorum. May-weed. Common.
Achillea Ptarmica. Sneezewort. Elton fold, T. 0. Hudcar.
A. Millefolium. Yarrow. Common.
Tanacetum vulgare. Tansy. Railway bank, Castlecroft, J. P., probably an escape
from a garden.
*Artemisia Abrotonum, ‘lLad’s-love. From cotton refuse.
A. vulgaris. Mugwort. Between Ringley Road station and Giant's seal.
Gnaphalium uliginosum. Marsh Cudweed. Bury ground, J. P.
Senecio vulgaris. Groundsel. Common.
S. sylvaticus. Mountain G. Near Ringley Road station.
S. aquaticus. Marsh Ragwort. Oommon.
S. Jacobea. Kettle-dock. Common.
Bidens tripartita. Bur-marygold. Bury ground, J.P. Ringley, Clifton.
Arctium Lappa. Burdock. Unsworth.
Carduus lanceolatus. Spear Thistle. Common.
C. arvensis. Plume Thistle. Common.
Centaurea nigra. Hard-irons. Common.
C. Cyanus. Blue-bottle. Occasional, but not very common.
Tragopogon pratense. Goat’s-beard. Railway bank, near Black lane, J. T. W.
Hypocheris radicata. Cat’s-ear. Common.
Lactuca muralis. Wall-lettuce. Springside, J P. Radisher wood, T. C,
Taraxacum Dens-leonis. Dandelion. Common.
Crepis virens. Hawk’s-beard. Common.
Hieracium Pilosella. Mouse-ear Hawkweed. Common.
H. sabaudum. Savoy H. Common.
Lapsana communis. Nipplewort. Springside, J.P. Tyldesley.
Order Campanulacee. The Bell-flower Family.
Jasione montana. Sheep’s-bit. Springside, J. P. Ainsworth.
Campanula rotundifolia. Hare-bell. Common.
Order Ericacee. The Heath Family.
Vaccinium Myrtillus. Whinberry. Common,
V. Vitis-idea. Cowberry. Common.
V. Oxycoccos. Cranberry. Behind Grant’s tower, J. P.
Andromeda polifolia. Wild Rosemary. Behind Grant’s tower, J. P. Clifton moss.
Erica vulgaris. Ling. Common.
E, Tetralix. Cross-leaved Heath. Common.
19
Order Primulacee. The Primrose Family.
Hottonia palustris. Water violet. Observed in one place.
Primula vulgaris. Primrose. Common. Dob wood.
Lysimachia vulgaris. Loose-strife. Castlecroft, J. P. The name Loose-strife is
applied to Lythrum Salicaria and indifferently to the five species of Lysimachia.
L. nemorum. Yellow Pimpernel. Common.
Anagallis arvensis. Poor man’s weather-glass. Common.
A. a. var. cerulea. Occasionally. Hudear. Brookshaw.
Order Aquifoliacee. The Holly Family.
Tlex Aquifolium. Holly. Common.
Order Jasminiacee. The Jessamine Family.
Fraxinus excelsior. Ash tree. Common. One at Chesham has a girth of 7ft. 8in.
five feet from the ground.
Ligustrum vulgare. Privet. Commonly cultivated.
Order Gentianacee.. The Gentian Family.
Erythrea Centaurium. Sanctuary. Ringley, near the station.
Order Convolvulacee. The Bindweed Family.
Convolvulus sepium. Large Bindweed. Elton vale, W.H. Plumpton, T. C.
Order Boriginacee. The Borage Family.
Myosotis palustris. Water Forget-me-not. Not uncommon. Dob wood.
M. arvensis. Field F. Common.
Order Solanacee. The Nightshade Family.
Solanum Dulcamara. Bittersweet. Not uncommon, but local. Elton vale. Brandle-
some, T. C. Broadoak wood. Ringley.
*S. nigrum. Black Nightshade. From cotton refuse.
*Lycopersicum esculentum. Tomato. From cotton refuse.
Order Scrophulariacee. The Figwort Family.
Verbascum Thapsus. Great Mullein. Hudcar, as a garden weed.
Scrophularia nodosa. Knotty Figwort. Kennels, Limefield, J. P.
Digitalis purpurea. Foxglove. Common. Dunsters, T.C. Kennels, Limefield.
Veronica officinalis. Common Speedwell. Common.
V. Beccabunga. Brooklime. Waterfold, J. P.
VY. Chamedrys. Germander Speedwell. Common. Bluepits, J.P. Mere clough,
T.C. Bamford wood, and frequent in hedge banks.
V. argrestis. Field S. Common.
V.arvensis. WallS. Birtle, J.P. Dunsters, T. C.
Bartsia Odontiltes. Red Bartsia. Mere clough, T. C.
Euphrasia officinalis. Eyebright. Holcombe, T. C. Common on hill pastures.
Rhinanthus Crista-galli. Yellow-rattle. Chat moss, R. K.
Pedicularis sylvatica. Lousewort. Common. Dunsters, T. C. Mere clough.
Helmshore.
Melampyrum pratense. Cow-wheat. Dob wood. T. OC.
Order Labiate, The Labiate Family.
Mentha aquatica. Water-mint. Kennels, Limefield, J. P. Elton vale, T. C.
M. arvensis. Common Mint. Common.
*M. Pulegium. wiegy hula From cotton refuse.
*Origanum vulgare. Marjorum. From cotton refuse.
Nepeta Glechoma. Robin-run-i’th’-hedge. Common.
Prunella vulgaris. Self-heal. Common.
20
Scutellaria galericulata. Scull-cap. Ringley, 8. H.
Stachys Betonica. Wood-betony. Ringley, 8. H.
S. sylvatica. Hedge Woundwort. Common.
8. palustris Clown’s W. Common.
Galeopsis Tetrahit. Hemp-nettle. Elton vale, T.C. Ainsworth, Brandlesome,
Unsworth. Common in corn fields.
*Ballota nigra. Black Horehound. From cotton refuse.
Lamium purpureum. Red Dead-nettle. Common.
Teucrium Scorodonia. Wood-sage. Common.
Ajuga reptans. Bugle. Gigg, J.P. Mere clough.
Order Verbenacee. The Vervein Family.
*Verbena officinalis. Vervein. From cotton refuse.
Order Plantaginacee. The Plantain Family.
Plantago major. Plantain. Common.
P. lanceolata. Ribwort Common.
Sus-Crass IV.—Monochlamydes. Perianth+ single, or none.
Order Chenopodiacee. The Goosefoot Family.
*Chenopodium polyspermum. Many seeded Goosefoot. From cotton refuse.
C. album. White G. Common.
Atriplex patula. Fat hen. Common.
Order Polygonacee. The Buckwheat Family.
Rumex obtusifolius. Broad-leaved Dock. Common.
R. sanguineus. Bloody-veined D. Hudcar.
R. Acetosa. Sorrel. Common.
R. Acetosella. Sheep’s S. Common.
Polygonum aviculare. Knot-grass. Common.
P. Convolyulus. Climbing Buckwheat. Common.
P. Bistorta. Patience-dock. Common.
P. amphibium. Amphibious Snakeweed.
P. Persicaria. Spotted S. Common.
P. Hydropiper. Water-pepper. Common.
Order Euphorbiacee. The Spurge Family.
Euphorbia Helioscopia. Sun-spurge. Common.
E. Peplus. Petty-spurge. Common.
Mercurialis perennis. Dog’s mercury. Common..
Order Empetracee. The Crowberry Family.
Empetrum nigrum. Crowberry. Cuckoo narrow, Deeply vale, &c.
Order Callitrichacee. The Starwort Family
Callitriche aquatica. Starwort. In most ditches.
Order Urticacee. The Nettle Family.
Urtica dioica. Great nettle. In the immediate neighbourhood of Bury, nettles ara
scarce.
+ “A goneral name for the floral envelopes; applied in cases where there is only a calyx, or where
the calyx and corolla are alike.”—Manual of Botany, BALrour. :
i.
21
Order Cannabinacee. The Hemp Family.
Humulus Lupulus. Hop. Owlerbarrow, J. W. Near Bolholt, T.C. Birtle,
Lomases.
Order Ulmacee. The Elm Family.
Ulmus montana. Wych Elm. Common.
U. campestris. Field Elm. Common.
There are well grown trees of both these Elms at Chesham.
Order Amentacee. The Catkin-bearing Family.
Alnus glutinosa. Alder. Common.
Botula alba. Birch. Common. Excavations of peat near Hudcar indicate that this
ancient forest was almost entirely of birch.
Carpinus Betulus. Hornbeam. Common. Chesham.
Corylus Avellana. Hazel. Common.
Fagus sylvatica. Beech. Common. It seems to withstand smoke pretty well.
There is a beech at Broomfield, Ainsworth, with a girth of Sft. 2in. five feet
from the ground. It is 2} miles from Bury, and 8} miles from Bolton.
Quercus Robur. Common Oak. There are plenty of oaks about Bury, and some
fair trees, but they do not seem to be flourishing well now.
Q. Cerris. Turkey Oak. Common. It seems to withstand smoke better than the
common oak,
Salix pentandra. Sweet bay-leaved Willow. Near Frog-hall, J. P.
8. fragilis. Crack W. Common.
§. alba. White W. Common. Handsome trees in the dells near Ringley Road
station.
8. viminalis. Osier W. Common.
§. Caprea. Common Sallow. ‘
Populus alba. White Poplar. Common, but does not grow well.
P. nigra. Black Italian P. There isa fair tree at Spring side, measuring in cir-
cumference 6ft. Jin. five feet from the ground, but they generally do very badly
and die in a short time in smoky places.
P. fastigiata. Lombardy P. Commonly cultivated, but with very poor success.
P. balsamifera. Balsam P. The last remark applies.
Order Conifere. The Cone-bearing Family.
Pinus sylvestris. Scotch Fir. Grows badly in smoke. There is a good tree at
Spring-side, but most in the neighbourhood are dead or dying.
CLASS S1.—MONOCOTYLEDONS. ONE SEED-LEAF.
Order Typhaceee. The Bullrush Family.
Sparganium ramostim. Bur-reed. Bury ground, J. P. Elton-vale, T. 0.
Order Aracee. The Cuckoo-pint Family.
Acorus Calamus. Sweet-flag. Bury ground.
Order Lemnacee. The Duckweed Family.
Lemna minor. Duckweed. Common.
Order Naiadacew. The Pondweed Family.
Potamogeton natans. Flatter-docks. Common.
Order Alismacee. The Water-Plantain Family.
Alisma Plantago. Water-plantain. Common,
22
Order Hydrocharidacece. The Frogbit Family.
Elodea canadensis. American Water-weed. A very common and troublesome weed.
Chesham. Bury and Heap Commercial Company's reservoir. Reservoir,
Higher mill, Freetown. Openshaw fold. Hampson mill, &c.
Order Orchidaceee. The Orchis Family.
Epipactis latifolia. Broad-leaved Helleborine. Kennels, Limefield, J. P.
Orchis mascula. Early purple Orchis. Kennels, Limefield, J. P. Ainsworth.
O. maculata. Spotted O. Kennels, Limefield, J. P. Dunsters, T. 0.
Order Lridacee, The Crocus Family.
Iris Pseud-acorus. Yellow-flag. Kirklees, T. 0.
Crocus nudiflorus. Autumnal Crocus. Birtle J. A.
Order Liliacew. The Lily Family.
Scilla nutans. Blue-bell. Common.
Allium ursinum. Garlic. Mere clough, T. C. Dob wood.
Narthecium ossifragum. Lancashire Asphodel. Behind Grant's tower, J. P.
Order Juncacee. The Rush Family.
Juncus communis. Common Rush. Common.
J. articulatus. Jointed-rush. Common.
J. obtusiflorus. Blunt-flowered J. Common.
J. squarrosus. Heath-rush. Common.
J. bufonius. Toad-rush. Common.
Luzula pilosa. Broad-leaved Wood-rush. Frequent in moist woods.
L. sylvatica. Great W. Common in woods.
L. campestris. Field W. Common everywhere.
Order Cyperacee. The Sedge Family.
Scirpus palustris. Creeping Spike-rush. Near Radcliffe.
Carex remota. Distant-spiked Carex. Hudcar.
C. czespitosa. Tufted bog C. Hudcar.
C. flava. Yellow C. Hudcar.
Order Graminee. The Grass Family.
Anthoxanthum odoratum. Vernal grass. Common.
*Phalaris canariensis. Canary grass. From cotton refuse.
Phleum pratense. Timothy grass. Common.
Alopecurvs pratensis. Foxtail-grass. Common.
A. geniculatus. Floating F. Common in wet places.
Aira ceespitosa. Tufted Hair-grass. Common.
A. flexuosa. Waved H. Common.
Holcus lanatus. Meadow Soft-grass. Common.
H. mollis. Creeping S. Common.
Nardus stricta. Mat-grass. Common on hill pastures.
Triticum repens. Couch-grass. Common.
Lolium perenne. Darnel. Common.
Dactylis glomerata. Cock's foot grass. Common.
Cynosurus cristatus. Crested Dog’s tail grass. Common.
Briza media. Quaking-grass. Not uncommon. Hercules, J. P. Pilsworth, R. F.
Poa aquatica. Reed Meadow grass. Broadoak wood.
P. fluitans. Floating M. Common.
P. annua. Annual M. Everywhere.
P. pratensis. Smooth stalked M. Common.
Melica uniflora. Wood Melic grass. Dob wood.
23
sy CLASS IIL—CRYPTOGAMS. NO FLOWERS.
Division Filices. Ferns.
_ Polypodium Phegopteris. Beech-fern. Simpson’s clough.
P. Dryopteris. Oak-fern. Simpson’s clough. The Park.
_ Allosorus crispus. Parsley-fern. Fo edge.
Polystichum aculeatum, form lonchitidoides. Common Shield-fern. Bamford wood,
_ Lastrea montana. Mountain Buckler-fern. Common.
L. Filix-mas. Male-fern. Common.
_ . dilatata. Broad Buckler-fern. Common.
Athyrium Filix-foemina. Lady-fern. Common.
he um Spicant. Hard-fern. Common.
B.S. var. strictum. One specimen. Cockeymoor-lane.
_ Pteris aquilina. Bracken. Common.
_ Botrychium Lunaria. Moonwort. Hill pastures, behind Bury.
LIST OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS.
The following is an attempt to furnish a list of the Lepidoptera,
(omitting Tortrices, Tine, and Pterophori), which have occurred
within a radius of 20 miles of Bury, in which I have been kindly
assisted by several collectors, especially Messrs. Chappell and Porter.
The list contains the Scientific and English Name, and time of
appearance of the perfect Insect, The numbers indicate the months
the insect is in the imago form; when they are followed by (h) it
implies that the insect has hybernated. The Food Plant, so far as is
known is given, and also the known localities for some of the species,
and for convenience a number of abbreviations are used as follows:—
A. Ainsworth. B. Bolton. Bi. Birch. Bu. Blackstonedge. Br. Brad-
shaw. Bu. Bury. B.W. Bamford Wood. C. Clifton. Oa.M. Car-
rington Moss. C.M. Chat Moss. D. Droylsden. G. Greenfield. H.
Horwich. U.P. Heaton Park. H.T. Hoghton Tower. lL. Leigh.
L.L. Little Lever. M. Manchester. Mr. Middleton. BP. Prestwich.
Pa. Patricroft. P.P. The Park, Pilkington. JR. Radcliffe. §. Staly-
bridge. §.B. Staley Brushes.
ROBT. KAY.
DIURNI.
Pieris Brassicw, Large White, 4 5 8, Cabbages and several Crucifere. Common
everywhere.
P. Rapz, Garden White, 4 58 9. Common everywhere.
P. Napi, Green-veined White, 4 5 8, Rape and other Crucifere. Common
everywhere.
Anthocharis Cardaminis, Orange Tip, 4 5, Bitter-cress, Tower-wort, &c., C.M.,
P., Bu., M., B.W. Not a common insect.
Gonepteryx Rhamni, Brimstone, 5 7, Buckthorn, Alder Buckthorn, M., B., Mr.
Not a common insect.
Colias Edusa, Clouded Yellow, 8 10, Several Leguminous plants, B., L., M.
Very rare.
C. Hyale, Pale Clouded Yellow, 8, Bu., B. Two specimens were captured near
Bury recently.
Argynnis Paphia, Silver-washed Fritillary, 7 8, Dog Violet, B. Has occurred in
the neighbourhood of Bolton.
Melita Artemis, Greasy Fritillary, 6, Scabious, Plantain, Foxglove, B., M.
Uncommon.
Vanessa C. Album, Comma, 6 7, Elm, Currant, Sloe, Nettle, M., B., Bu. Scarce.
V. Urtices, Small Tortoise-shell, 3h 5h 6 9, Nettle. | Widely distributed and
common.
V. Polychloros, Large Tortoise-shell, 3h 5h 7 8, Elm, B., Bu. Scarce.
V. Antiopa, Camberwell Beauty, 3h 5h 810, Willow, &c., H., B., L.L. Aspeci-
men has been captured at each of these places.
V. Io, Peacock, 3h 5h 8 9, Nettle. Not common, but widely distributed.
V. Atalanta, Red Admiral, 89. Not common, but widely distributed.
V. Cardui, Painted Lady, 3h 5h 7 9, Thistles. Uncommon, and very uncertain
in appearance.
Arge Galathea, Marbled White, 7 8, Timothy Grass, Mz. A number of specimens
were taken some years ago.
-
25
Satyrus Megmra, Wall, 5 8 9, various Grasses, M.,C.M. Uncommon.
§. Janira, Meadow Brown, 6 7 8, Various Grasses, C.M., Bu., M. Very common.
§. Tithonus, Gate Keeper, 78, Annual Meadow Grass, B., M. Local and uncommon.
§. Hyperanthus, Ringlet, 6 7, Millet and Annual Meadow Grasses, M., C.M.
Local, but common.
Chortobius Davus, Large Heath, 6 7, Cotton Grass, Beak Rush, C.M., Ca.M. Local,
but common.
C. Pamphilus, Small Heath, 6 789, Annual Meadow Grass, B. Appears to be the
only locality.
Thecla Rubi, Green Hair Streak, 6 7 8, Bramble and Papilionaceous Plants, M. Very
local,
T. Quercus, Purple Hair Streak, 7 8, Oak, H.T. Local.
Polyommatus Phlaas, Small Copper, 6 6 7 8 9, Sorrel. Common and widely
distributed.
Lycena Aigon, Silver-studded Blue, 7 8, Vetches, Bird’s-foot Trefoil, C.M. TLuocal
and uncommon.
L. Alexis, Common Blue, 6 6 7 8 9, Clover, Bird’s-foot Trefoil, Bu., B., C.M., M.
Mr. Uncommon.
L. Alsus, Small lue, 5 6, Milk Vetch, Mt. Several specimens have been captured.
L. Argiolus, Azure Blue, 5 6 7 8, Holly, Ivy, H.T.
Thanaos Tages, Dingy Skipper, 5 8, Bird’s-foot Trefoil, M.,H.T.,C.M. Local,
not common.
Hesperia Sylvanus, Large Skipper, 5 8, Meadow Soft-grass, &c., C.M., H.T., M.
Frequenting drain sides and railway embankments.
NOCTURNI.
Smerinthus Ocellatus, Eyed Hawk Moth, 5 6 7, Willow, Poplar, Apple, C.M., Bv.,
Bt, Mr. Not a common species.
§. Populi, Poplar Hawk Moth, 5 6, Poplar, Aspen, Sallow. Common and widely
distributed.
Acherontia Atropos, Death’s-head Hawk Moth, 8 9, Potato, Jasmine, M., Bu., B.,
Br., Br. Uncommon.
Sphinx Convolvuli, Convolvulus Hawk Moth, 9, Small Bindweed, B., D., Br.
Several specimens have been captured near Bolton.
Deilephila Euphorbiw, Spurge Hawk Moth, 6, Cypress Spurge, Sea Spurge. A
specimen was captured at Chorley gardens, near Bolton, about 1865,
D. Galii, Bedstraw Hawk Moth, 7 8, Yellow Bedstraw, Fuchsia, H., B., Mr, S.
Very rare.
D. Lineata, Striped Hawk Moth, 8 9, Bedstraw and Vine, M., Br. One specimen
was found at rest by Mr. Taylor, of Middleton, and is now in his collection.
Chzerocampa Celerio, Silver-striped Hawk Moth, 10, Vine, B. Has occurred several
times in the neighbourhood.
C. Porcellus, Small Elephant Hawk Moth, 6, Bedstraw, C.M. Not common.
C. Elpenor, Elephant Hawk Moth, 6, Willow-herb, Bedstraw, Fuchsia, C.M., M.,
Bu. Not common.
C. Nerii, Oleander Hawk Moth, 10, Oleander, Periwinkle, B. One specimen at
Chorley gardens, near Bolton.
Macroglossa Stellataram, Humming-bird Hawk Moth, 5 6789, Bedstraw, Widely
distributed, but not common.
M. Bombyliformis, Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk Moth, 7 8, Field Scabious, M.
Local and uncommon.
Sesia Culiciformis, Large Red-beltedjClearwing, 5 6, Wood‘of Birch Trees, M., C.M.
Local and uncommon.
§. Tipuliformis, Currant Clearwing, 6, Pith of Currant bushes. Widely distributed,
but not common.
8. Speciformis, White-barred Clearwing, 5 6, Stems of Alder, C.M. A local species,
and very rare.
§. Bembeciformis, Hornet Clearwing, 6, Wood of Sallow, Poplar, Osier, Bu., B., M.,
R. Not uncommon, at rest.
26
Cossus Ligniperda, Goat Moth, 6 7, Solid wood of Willow, Elm, Oak, Pa., A., B.,
H.T., P., M. Sometimes "found in the larva state
Hepialus Hectus, Gold Swift, 6, Roots of various plants, H. T., P.P., B.W., &c. Rather
common
a. Lupulinus, Common Swift, 6, Roots of Herbaceous Plants. Abundant and
widely distributed.
H. Sylvinus, Wood Swift, 7 8, Unknown, B., M., B-.W., H.T. Not common.
H. Velleda, Northern Swift. 6 7, Roots of Bracken, ’Bu., WM... 5... B.Wae ee
H.T. A common species.
H. Humuli, Ghost Swift, 6, Roots of Burdock, Nettle, &. Common everywhere.
wart Statices, Forester, 6, Sorrel, C.M., P. P. Uncommon, fond of settling on
histles.
Zygena Trifolii, Broad-bordered five-spotted Burnet, 6, Horse-shoe Vetch, Bird’s-
foot Trefoil, M. Local, this appears to be the only known locality.
Z. Filipendule, Six spotted Burnet, 6, Crowfoot Trefoil, C.M., H.T., M. <A local, but
common insect.
Setina Irrorella, Dew Moth, 6, Lichens, P.P. One example.
Lithosia Mesomella, Four- dotted Footman, 6 7, Lichens, C.M. Local and uncommon.
L. Complanula, Common Footman, 7, Lichens on Oak, Blackthorn, M. Local and
uncommon.
L. Sericea, Leaden Footman, 7, Lichens. Very scarce and local. :
Deiopeia Pulchella, Crimson speckled, 9, Field Forget-me-not, M1.,M, A specimen
was found at rest on a Railway waggon at Middleton, September, 1871.
Euthemonia Russula, Clouded Buff, 6, Plantain, Dandelion, &c., C.M. Appears to
be the only locality, uncommon.
Chelonia Plantaginis, Wood Tiger, 5 6, Plantain., &c., Ca.M., C.M.,S.B., Bu. Not
common.
C. Caja, Large Tiger, 7, Nettles, Strawberry, Dock, Plantain. Widely distributed,
not so common with us as formerly.
Arctia Fuliginosa, Ruby Tiger, 6 7, Dandelion, Plantain, M., C.M., S.T., B., Bu.
Uncommon, and generally distributed.
A. Mendica, Muslin Moth, 5 6, Dandelion, Plantain, &c.,M. Has occurred spar-
ingly.
A. Takeedpoda Buff Ermine, 6 7, various low plants. Common and widely
distributed.
A. Menthastri, White Ermine, 6 7, various low plants. Common and widely
distributed.
Liparis Auriflua, Gold-tail, 7 8, Whitethorn, Apple, Bv., C.M., R. Often abundant
where it occurs. aan
Orgyia Antiqua, Vapourer, 7 § 910, Various Treesand Shrubs. Widely distributed
and often common.
Peecilocampa Populi, December Moth, 11 12, Poplar, Hawthorn, &c., Bu., M. Not
common, sometimes at light.
Bombyx Rubi, Fox, 5 6, Heath, Bramble, C.M., S8.B., Ca.M., B. Appears to be
confined to Mosses and Moors.
B. Quercus, Oak Eggar, 7 8, Whitethorn, Heath, M. Not so common as Callunz.
B. Callune, (?) Oak Eggar, 6 7, Heath, Sallow, Whitethorn, C.M.. Bu., Ca.M., 8.B.
Widely distributed.
Odonestis Potatoria, Drinker, 7, Various Grasses, M. Local, rather common.
Saturnia Carpini, Emperor, 4 5, Heath, Willow, 'Whitethorn, C.M., Bu., Ca.M., B.,
8.B. Appears on all our Mosses and Moors.
GEOMETR.
Uropteryx Sambucata, Swallow-tailed, 7, Ivy, Elder, Bramble, Oak, P.P., C.M.,
H.T. Rather common, flying at dusk,
Epione Apiciaria, Bordered "Beauty, 7, Willow, Hazel, Poplar, C.M. Local and
uncommon.
Rumia Crategata, Brimstone, 4 5 6 9, Whitethorn, Blackthorn. Common everywhere.
27
Metrocampa Margaritata, Light Emerald, 7, Birch, Oak, Beech, C.M., Br. Local,
not common.
Ellopia Fasciaria, Barred Red, 7, Scotch Fir, C.M. Local, not common.
Pericallia Syringaria, Lilac Beauty, 7, Lilac, Privet, Elder, M. Very local and
scarce.
Selenia Mlunaria, Early Thorn, 3 4 7, Willow, Plum, P.P., B.,M., Bu. Found at
rest on Trees, and flying at dusk.
§. Lunaria, Lunar Thorn, 5 6, Sloe, Oak, Elm, M., B.W. Found at rest on Trees,
and flying at dusk.
Odontopera Bidentata, Scalloped Hazel, 5, Oak, &c. Widely distributed, often
found at rest.
Crocallis Elinguaria, Scalloped Oak, 78 9, Honeysuckle, Apple, Beech. Widely
distributed, often found at rest.
Ennomos Tiliaria, Canary-shouldered Thorn, 8, Birch, Oak, &c.,C.M. Local and
uncommon.
E. Fuscantaria, Dusky Thorn, 8 9, Ash, Privet, M. Local and uncommon.
E. Erosaria, September Thorn, 8 9, Birch, Oak, M. Local and uncommon,
Himera Pennaria, Feathered Thorn, 10, Oak, B.W., C.M., H.P., M. Widely
distributed, comes freely to light.
Phigalia Pilosaria, Pale Brindled Beauty, 3 4, Oak. Common in all our woods, at
rest and light.
Nyssia Hispidaria, Small'Brindled Beauty, 3, Oak, M. Is the only known locality,
Rare 7
Amphidasis Prodromaria, Oak Beauty, 3 4, Birch, Oak, Osier, M. s the only
known locality. Uncommon.
A. Betularia, Peppered Moth, 5 6. Oak, Whitethorn, Birch, Lime. Widely distri-
buted, the black var. being rather common.
Cleora Lichenaria, The Brussels Lace, 7, Lichens, H.T.
Boarmia Nepandata, Mottled Beauty, 6 7, Birch, Plum, B.W., H.T., M. Sometimes
common at Bamford at rest.
B. Rhomboidaria, Willow Beauty, 6 7, Birch, Plum, Rose, Oak, M. Local and
uncommon.
B. Roboraria, Great Oak Beauty, 7, Oak, M. Rare and local.
Tephrosia Crepuscularia, Small Engrailed, 5 6, Willow, Poplar, Elm, Alder, Bu.,
C.M., M, Does not appear to be common with us.
T. Biundularia, Engrailed, 4 8, Plum, Oak, M. Rare and local.
_T. Punctulata, Grey Birch, 5 6, Birch, Alder, C.M., H.T. Sparingly.
Geometra Papilionaria, Large Emerald, 6, Birch, Hazel, Beech, C.M. Very scarce.
aa resi Little Emerald, 6, Birch, Bu., M.,C.M. Uncommon, flying at
usk.
Ephyra Punctaria, Maiden’s Blush,5 8, Oak, M. Uncommon, flying at dusk.
Hyria Auroraria, Gold-bordered Purple, 7, Plantain, C.M.,Ca.M. Very local and
uncommon.
Asthena Luteata, Small Yellow Wave, 6, Unknown, C.M., H.T. Very local and un-
common.
A. peeeidata. Small White Wave, 5 6, Hornbeam, C.M.,H.T.,M. Uncommon and
ocal.
A. Sylvata, Waved Carpet, 6, Alder. M., C.M., H.T. Uncommon and local.
A. Blomeraria, Blomers’ Rivulet, 6, Unknown, H.T. Very local and uncertain.
Spmed Heparata, Dingy Shell, 6, Alder, C.M., M., Bu., H.T. Nota common
nsect.
Venusia Cambricaria, Welsh Wave, 7, Mountain Ash, Bu., H.T. Very local, not so
_ common as formerly.
Acidalia Rubricata, Tawny Wave, 6, Unknown, M Scarce and local.
A. Scutulata, Single-dotted Wave, 6, Flowers of Burnet Saxifrage, Wild Chervil,
M. Not common.
A. Bisetata, Small Fan-footed Wave, 6, Dandelion, C.M.,M. Uncommon and local.
A. Trigeminata, Treble Brown Spot, 7, Unknown, M. Scarce and uncertain.
28
A. Osseata, Dwarf Cream Wave, 6 7, Unknown, M. Uncommon and local.
A. Circellata, Circellate, 7, Knotgrass, C.M. Very local and uncommon; few
localities are known for this species.
A. Ornata, Lace Border, 6 7, Thyme, C.M. Scarce.
A. Subsericeata, Satin Wave, 6, Unknown, M. Local and uncommon.
A. Remutata, Cream Wave, 5, Unknown, C.M.. M. Local and uncommon.
A. Fumata, Smoky Wave, 6, Knotgrass, Heath? 8.B., C.M Local and uncommon.
A. Imitaria, Small Blood-vein, 8, Sorrel, M. Local and uncommon.
A. Aversata, Riband Wave, 6, Meadow Sweet, Water Avens, Common Avens.
Widely distributed, and rather common.
A. Inornata, Plain Wave, 6 7, Willow, and several low plants, Bu., M., C.M.
Uncommon.
A. Emarginata, Small Scallop, 6 7, Bindweed, M. Rare.
Cabera Pusaria, Common White Wave, 6 7, Birch, Very common and widely
distributed.
C. Exanthemaria, Common Wave, 6 7, Sallow, Alder. Not so common as the above.
Corycia Termerata, Clouded Silver, 5, Blackthorn, Bird-cherry, Sloe, M. Appears
to be the only locality.
Macaria Liturata, Tawny-barred Angle, 7, Fir, C.M. Local, but not uncommon.
Halia Wavaria, V. Moth, 7, Currant, Gooseberry. Common and distributed.
Panagra Petraria, Brown Silver Line, 6, Bracken, C.M. Rather common.
Numeria Pulveraria, Barred Umber, 4 4, Sallow, H.T.
Scodonia Belgiaria, Grey Scalloped Bar, 5 6, Heath, Ca.M.,C.M. Widely distri-
buted on the Mosses, not common.
Fidonia Atomaria, Common Heath, 5 678, Trefoils, &c. Distributed and abundant,
especially on C.M.
F. Piniaria, Bordered White, 5 6, Scotch Fir, Bu., C.M.. P. Very common, flyin
round Fir Trees.
Aspilates Strigillaria, Grass Wave, 6 7, Heath, 8.B., C.M. Common.
Abraxas Grossulariata, Currant Moth, 6, Currant, Sloe, Hazel, Pear. Common and
distributed.
A. Ulmata, Clouded Magpie, 6, Elm, B.W., C.,O.M., H.T. Local, but common.
Lomaspilis Marginata, Clouded Border, 5 67, Sallow, M., B.W., P.P. Common, by
beating.
Hybernia Rupicapraria, Early Moth, 1 2, Whitethorn, Blackthorn, Oak. Common,
at rest on fences.
H. Leucophearia, Spring Usher, 2 3, Oak. Not so common as the above.
H. Aurantiaria, Scarce Umber, 10 11, Birch, Oak, M. B.W., P.P. Generally
distributed.
H. Progemmaria, Dotted Border, 2 34, Whitethorn, Birch, Oak. Abundant every-
where, at rest on fences.
H. Defolaria, Mottled Umber, 10 11, Oak, Hazel, Whitethorn. Distributed, not
common.
Anisopteryx Aiscularia, March Moth, 4, Lime, Elm, Oak, Whitethorn. Tobe found
in all our woods.
Cheimatobia Brumata, Winter Moth, 11 12, Whitethorn and most trees. Abundant,
especially on fences at night.
C. Boreata, Northern Winter Moth, 10, Birch, C.M., M., Bu. Local, not common.
Oporabia Dilutata, November Moth, 11, Oak, Sloe, Whitethorn. Common in all
our woods.
O. Filigrammaria, Autumnal 8 9, Heath, S.B., B. Probably on all our moors.
Larentia Didymata, Twin-spot Carpet, 6 7, Common Chervil. Common and widely
distributed.
L. Multistrigaria, Mottled Grey, 3 4, Bedstraw. Common and widely distributed.
L. Czsiata, Grey Mountain Carpet, 6, Bilberry. Common and widely distributed.
L. Salicata, Striped Twin-spot Carpet, 6 8, Bedstraw, Sweet-woodruff, B., M., §.B.,
Bu. Uncommon and local.
L. Olivata, Beech-green Carpet, 6 7, Bedstraw, Bu., M. Uncommon and local.
L, Pectinitaria, Green Carpet, 6 7, Bedstraw Common everywhere.
29
Emmelesia Affinitata, Rivulet, 6 7, Seeds of various Plants. Widely distributed and
uncommon.
E. Alchemillata, Small Rivulet, 6 7, Hemp-nettle. Widely distributed and
uncommon,
E. Albulata, Grass Rivulet, 6, Yellow-rattle. Widely distributed and uncommon.
¥. Decolorata, Sandy Carpet.67 Red Campion, M.,B.W., P.P., C.M., H.T. Uncommon.
Eupithecia Linariata, Toadflax Pug, 6 7, Yellow Toadflax, C.M. One specimen
near Astley.
E. Pulchellata, Foxglove Pug, 5 6, Foxglove. Distributed, and may be bred freely
by collecting bloom of food plant.
E. Centaureata, Lime Speck, 6 7, Ragwort, Golden Rod, &c. Widely distributed,
uncommon by beating.
E. Succentiuréata, Bordered Lime Speck, 7 8. Yarrow, Wormwood, M. Uncommon,
by beating.
E. Subfulvatas Tawny Speck, 8, Yarrow, M. Uncommon, by beating.
B. Plumbeolata, Lead-coloured Pug, 5 6, Cow-wheat, Bc. Local.
E. Pygmeata, Marsh Pug, 6, Unknown. Near Bury uncommon, obtained by beating.
E, Satyrata, Satyr Pug. 6, Black Knapweed, Bedstraw. Widely distributed,
uncommon.
E. Castigata, Grey Pug, 5, Flowers of White Bedstraw, Black Knapweed, &c. Not
common, but distributed by beating.
E. Virgaureata, Golden Rod Pug, 5 6, Golden Rod, Ragwort, M. Uncommon.
E, Albipunctata, White-spotted Pug, 5 6, Wild Angelica, Hog-weed, M. Un-
common.
E. Pimpinellata, Pimpinel Pug, 48, Lesser Burnet Saxifrage, M. Uncommon.
E. Fraxinata, Ash-tree Pug, 6 7, Ash. May be found at rest on the boles of Ash
Tree. Often common.
£. Indigata, Ochreous Pug, 5 8, Fir, Wild Juniper, Cypress, C.M., M. At rest
on Firs.
E, Nanata, Narrow-winged Pug, 5, Flowers of Ling, C.M. Common, probably on
all our moors.
E. Vulgata, Common Pug, 5 6, Whitethorn, Willow. Common everywhere, at rest
on palings, &c.
E, Absynthiata, Wormwood Pug, 6 7, Yarrow, Mugwort, Ragwort. Local, occurs
near Bury, mostly in gardens.
E. Minutata, Ling Pug, 6, Flowers of Ling, Ca.M., C.M: Uncommon.
E. Assimilata, Currant Pug, 5 8, Black Currant, Wild Hop. By beating in
gardens and amongst Wild Hop. Widely distributed.
E. Tenuiata, Slender Pug, 6, Catkins of Sallow, Bu. Rare.
E. Abbreviata, Brindled Pug, 3 4, Oak. Uncommon, widely distributed.
E. Exiguata, Mottled Pug, 5 6, Sallow, Ash, Whitethorn. Uncommon, distributed.
E. Rectangulata, Green Pug, 6, Apple, Pear. At rest on Apple trees. Common.
Lobophora Lobulata, Early Tooth-striped, 4, Honeysuckle, Sallow, C.M. Local,
uncommon.
Thera Variata, Shaded Broad Bar, 6 7 8 9, Fir, C.M., H.T. Common, local.
T. Firmata, Pine Carpet, 7, Fir, C.M. Common, local.
Ypsipetes, Impluviata. May Highflyer, 5, Alder, Bu., B., M., B.W., P.P. Com-
mon and distributed.
Y. Elutata, July Highflyer, 78, Sallow, Alder, Bilberry. Common and widely
distributed.
eo ey Blue-bordered Carpet, 78, Alder, Br., H.T., M. Uncommon
and local.
M. Ocellata, Purple-bar Carpet, 6 7, Bedstraw. Widely distributed and pretty
common.
M. Albicillata, Beautiful Carpet, 6 7, Bramble, Raspberry, C.M., Bu., H.T. Local
and uncommon.
Melanippe Hastata, Argent and Sable, 8, Birch, P.P., C.M. Localand uncommon.
M. nee om Sharp-angled Carpet, 6 7, Chickweed, M. Only occurring in one
ocality.
M. Substristata, Common Carpet, 5 7, Bedstraw. Not uncommon and distributed.
30
M. Montanari Silver Ground Carpet, 5 8, Primrose. Not uncommon and dis-
tributed.
M. Galiata, Galium Carpet, 6 7, Bedstraw. Not uncommon, and distributed.
M. Fluctuata, Garden Carpet, 45 6 7 8, Horse-raddish, Cabbage. Abundant every-
where.
Anticlea Badiata, Shoulder Stripe, 34, Rose, H.T., M1., M. Does not appear to be
common.
A. Derivata, Streamer, 4 5, Honeysuckle, Rose, H.T., M. Local and uncommon.
Coremia Propugnata, Flame Carpet, 5 6, Cabbage. Widely distributed and
common.
C. Unidentaria, Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet, 5 6, Bedstraw. Widely distributed
and uncommon. A
Camptogramma Bilineata, Yellow Shell, 6 7 8, Grass and various plants, M., C.M.
Common at the places mentioned, appears to be local.
Phibalapteryx Lignata, Oblique Carpet, 6 78, Unknown, H.T., M. Localand scarce.
Scotosia Dubitata, Tissue, 4 5 8 9, Buckthorn, Bu. Appears to be the only locality
known, not common.
S. Undulata, Scallop Shell, 6, Sallow, C.M. Local and uncommon.
Cidaria Corylata, Broken-barred Carpet, 6, Sloe, C.M. Local and uncommon.
C. Russata, Common Marbled Carpet, 56 78, Wild Strawberry’ Distributed and
uncommon.
C. Immanata, Marbled Carpet, 7 8 9, Wild Strawberry, Bu., B., M. Common.
C. Suffumata, Water Carpet, 5, Bedstraw, C.M. Local and uncommon.
C. Silaceata, Small Phoenix Moth, 5 6, Aspen, M., Bu., P.P., B., H.T. Common in
some localities.
C. Prunata, Phoenix, 7 8, Currant, Gooseberry, M., Bu. Often beaten out of fences,
C. Testata, Chervon, 7 8 9, Aspen, M. Local, not uncommon in suitable localities.
C. Populata, Northern Spinach Moth, 7 8, Sallow, Bilberry. Common and generally
distributed.
C. Fulvata, Barred Yellow, 7 8, Rose. Common and generally distributed.
C. Pyraliata, Barred Straw, 7 8, Bedstraw, M., H.T. Local and uncommon.
C. Dotata, Spinach, 7, Currant, M. Local and uncommon.
Pelurga Comitata, Dark Spinach, 7, Goosefoot, M., Bu. Local and uncommon.
Eubolia Mensuraria, Small Mallow, 6 78, Grass, M. Local and uncommon.
E. Palumbaria, Belle, 6 7, Heath, Clover, M., C.M. Local and uncommon.
Carsia Imbutata, Manchester Treble-bar, 7, Cranberry, Ca.M., C.M. Local and
uncommon.
Anaitis Plagiata, Treble Bar, 6 7 8, St. John’s-wort, Bu., M. Local and uncommon.
Chesias Spartiata, Streak, 9 10, Broom, M., 8.B. Local and uncommon.
Tanagra Cherophyllata, Chimney Sweeper, 6 7, Chervil. Abundant everywhere.
DREPANULA.
Platypteryx Lacertula, Scalloped Hook-tip, 5 6 8, Birch, C.M. Uncommon.
P. Falcula, Pebble Hook-tip, 5 6 78? Birch, Alder, Willow, Oak, C.M. Uncommon.
Sie cere Character, 5 6 8, Sloe, Hawthorn. Common and widely
istributed.
PSEUDO-BOMBYCES.
Dicranura Bicuspis, Alder Kitten, 5, Alder Kitten, H.T, Scarce.
D. Furcula, Sallow Kitten, 6 7 8, Sallow, Bu., H.T., M. Rare.
D. Bifida, Poplar Kitten, 6 78, Poplar, M.,P.P.,C.M. Sometimes pretty common.
D. Vinula, Puss Moth, 5 6, Sallow, Poplar, Willow. Common everywhere.
Pygzra Bucephala, Buft Tip, 6 7, Oak, Birch, Sallow, Ash. For a number of years
was uncommon, but is now plentiful.
Notodonta Camelina, Coxcomb Prominent, 6 7 8, Birch, Whitethorn, Hazel, Bu.,
W.,C.M., M. Widely distributed.
N. Dicteea, Swallow Prominent, 5 6 7, Poplar, Willow, M.,H.T. Local and scarce.
—
ae}
B1
NOCTUZ.
N. Dicteoides, Lesser Swallow Prominent, 5 6, Birch, M. Local and scarce.
N. Dromedarius, Iron Prominent, 6, Birch, M., Bu., C.M. Uncommon.
N. Ziczac, Pebble Prominent, 5 6 8, Sallow, Poplar, M. Local and scarce.
N. Chaonia, Lunar Marbled Brown, 5, Oak, M. Local and scarce.
Diloba Ceeruleocephala, Figure of 8, 9, Whitethorn, Blackthorn. Does not appear
to be common.
Thyatira Derasa, Buff Arches, 7, Bramble, M., ?.P., H.T. Comes rather freely to
sugar.
7; Batis, Peach Blossom, 6 7, Bramble, P.P., M., H.T. Comesrather freely to sugar.
Cymatophora Duplaris, Lesser Satin Carpet, 6 7, Birch, C.M., H.T. Uncommon.
©. Diluta, Lesser Lutestring, 8 9, Birch, Bu. Uncommon.
_ ©. Flavicornis, Yellow-horned, 34, Birch. Generally distributed and sometimes
common.
©. Ridens, Frosted Green, 4, Oak, WY. Local and uncommon.
Bryophila Algze, Tree-lichen Beauty, 7, Lichens. Very rare and little known.
B. Perla, Marbled Beauty, 7 8, Lichens, Bu., M., B. Common at rest on old walls.
-Acronycta Psi, Common Dagger, 6 7 8. Whitethorn, &c. Very common at rest on
trees.
A. Leporina, Miller, 6 7, Birch, C.M., H.T. Local and uncommon
A. Aceris, Sycamore Tussock, 6, Sycamore, Horse Chestnut, M. Local and un-
common.
eh. Megacephala, Poplar Grey, 6 7, Poplar. Common and distributed.
A. Alni, The Alder, 6, Alder, Birch, Sallow, Oak, B.W., M. Very rare.
A. Rumicis, Knot Grass,5 6 7, Willow, Heath, Dock, Strawberry, M., C.M.
mmon.
A. Menyanthidis, Moss Dagger, 6 7, Sweet-gale, Willow, Ca.M., C.M., B., Bu.,
§.B. Often found at rest.
‘Leucania Lithargyria, Ochreous Brown, 7, Chickweed, Plantain. Common and
widely distributed.
1. Comma, Shoulder Stripe Wainscot, 67, Sorrel, Grasses, M., H.T. Local and un-
common.
L. Impura, Smoky Wainscot, 6 7 8, several species of Sedge. Common everywhere.
Partial to flowers at dusk.
L. Pallens, Common Wainscot, 6 7 8, various Grasses. Common everywhere.
Partial to flowers at dusk.
Nonagria Fulva, Small Wainscot, 8 9, Stems of Reed Meadow Grass, Sedge. Local
but common.
N. Typhe, Bullrush, 8 9, Stems of Reed Mace. Local but common.
Gortyna Flavago, Frosted Orange, 8 9, Stems of Thistle, Burdock, Water Betony.
Widely distributed and common.
Hydrecia Nictitans, Golden Ear, 7 8, Roots of various Grasses. Widely distributed
and common.
H. Petasitis, Butter Bur, 8 9, Stems and Roots of Butter-bur, B.M., Bu., C.M., H.T.,
R.S. Widely distributed, and not uncommon.
H. Micacea, Rosy Rustic, 8 9, Roots of various Docks, B.M., Bu., C.M., B.S. Widely
distributed, and not uncommon.
Axylia Putris, Clouded Dart, 6 7, various low plants. Common and distributed.
Xylophasia Rurea, Bordered Brindle, 6 7, Grass, Sorrel, Primrose. Common and
distributed ; a variable insect.
X. Sublustris, Reddish Light Arches, 6 7, Unknown, M. Scarce.
X. Polyodon, Dark Arches, 6 7, Roots of Grasses and other low plants. Abundant
everywhere, comes freely to light and sugar.
X. Scolopacina, Slender Clouded Brindle, 7 8, Club Rush, Quaking Grass, M. Un-
common and local.
Heliophobus Popularis, Feathered Gothic, 8, Roots of Grass, M. Uncommon and
32
Charzas Graminis, Antler, 8, Roots of Grass, M., O.M., Bu., B., Mz, 8.,D. Com-
mon, flying early in the morning.
Luperina Testacea, Lesser Flounced Rustic, 8 9, Stems of Grass. Widely distri-
buted and common, at rest on old fences.
L. Cespitis, Turf Rustic, 8 9, Grass. M. Uncommon and local.
Mamestra Anceps, Large Nutmeg, 6, Unknown. Uncommon and Jocal.
M. Brassicze, Cabbage, 6 7, Cabbages and various plants. Abundant everywhere.
M. Persicariew, Dot, 6 7, Elder and numerous plants, M., R. Local, sometimes
common,
Apamea Basilinea, Rustic Shoulder Knot, 6, Wheat, afterwards many herbaceous
plants. Common and very destructive in the larva state.
A. Gemina, Brown Pinion, 6 7, various Grasses. Widely distributed and common.
A. Unanimis, Small Clouded Brindle, 7 8, various Grasses, M. Local and uncommon.
A. Oculea, Common Rustic, 7 8, various Grasses. Distributed and common at sugar.
Miana Strigilis, Marbled Minor, 6 7, Stems of Grasses. Abundant everywhere; a
very variable insect.
M. Fasciuncula, Middle Barred Minor, 6 7, Stems of Turfy Hair Grass. Very com-
mon and distributed.
M. Literosa, Rosy Minor, 6 7, Unknown, Bu., M., B. Common at sugar.
M. Arcuosa, Least Minor, 7, Stems of Tufted Hair Grass, Mz, M., Bu., B. Widely
distributed and not uncommon.
Celeena Haworthii, Haworth’s Minor, 7 8 9, Cotton Grass, S.B., Ca.M., 0.M. Un-
common and local.
Grammesia Trilinea, Triple Lines, 6 7, Plantain. Common at sugar, and flying in
meadows at dusk.
Caradrina Morpheus, Bordered Rustic, 6 7 8, various low plants, M. Local and un-
common.
C. Cubicularis,“Mottled Beauty, 6 7 8, Chickweed. Widely distributed and common.
Rusina Tenebrosa, Brown Feathered Rustic, 6 7, Knotgrass. Not so common as
the above.
Agrotis Saucia, Pearl Underwing, 7 89, Plantain, Dock, M. Appears to be local,
sometimes common.
A. Segetum, Common Dart, 6 7 8 9, Turnips, Mangold-wurzel, Carrots. Abundant,
the larvee are very destructive.
A. Suffusa, Dark Sword Grass, 9, Roots of Radishes, Lettuce, &c. Distributed,
but not common.
A. Exclamationis, Heart and Dart, 6 7 8, Roots of various low plants. Abundant ;
partial to flowerbeds at dusk.
A. Nigricans, Garden Dart, 6 7 8, Clover and other low plants, C.M. Local and
common.
A. Tritici, White Line Dart, 8, Grasses, &c., M. Local and scarce.
A. Agathina, White Letter, 8, Heath, near M. Local and scare.
A. Porphyrea, True Lover’s Knot, 6 7, Heath, C..M.,C.M. Uncommon.
Triphena Janthina, Small Broad Bordered Under Wing, 7 8, Primrose and various
low plants. Uncommon and distributed.
T. Fimbria, Broad Bordered Yellow Under Wing, 6 7, Sallow, Birch, &., C.M.,
Bu., M. Does not appear to be a common species.
T. Orbona, Lesser Yellow Under Wing, 7 8, Sallow, Birch, &. Common and
generally distributed.
T. Pronuba, Large Yellow Under Wing, 6 7 8, Sallow, Birch, &c. Abundant
everywhere.
Noctua Glareosa, Autumnal Rustic, 9, Broom, Sorrel, Dock, Bu., B., H.T., M., §.B.
Local and uncommon.
N. Depuncta, Black Spotted, 7 8, Sorrel and other low plants, M. Scarce.
N. Augur, Double Dart, 6 7, Whitethorn, Sallow and other sbrubs. Common and
widely distributed.
N. Plecta, Flame Shoulder, 6 7, Bedstraw and other low plants. Common and
widely distributed.
N. C—Nigrum, Hebrew Character, 7 8, various low plants, M., Bu. May be taken
at sugar and flying at dusk.
38
___N. Triangulum, Double Square-Spot. 6, various low plants. Distributed and
common.
N. Brunnea, Purple Clay, 7,Sallow and various low plants. Distributed and common.
N. Festiva, Ingrailed Clay, 6, 7. Very common at sugar, a variable insect.
N. Dahlii, Barred Chesnut, 7, 8, various low plants, S.B., M. Appears to be some-
what local and uncommon.
N. Rubi, Small Square-Spot, 5,8, various low plants. Distributed, but uncommon.
N. Umbrosa, Six-Striped Rustic, 8, various low plants. Distributed, but uncommon.
N. Baja, Dotted Clay, 7, various low plants, Distributed, but uncommon.
N. Neglecta, Grey Rustic, 8, Heath, afterwards various low plants, M. Local and
uncommon.
N. Xanthographa, Square-Spot Rustic, 8, various Grasses. Abundant everywhere.
Trachea Piniperda, Pine Beauty, 3, 4, Scotch Fir. Local and uncommon.
Teniocampa Gothica, Hebrew Character, 3, 4, Oak, Sallow, Whitethorn. Very
common everywhere.
T. Leucographa, White-marked, 3 4, Plantain, H.T. It is said to frequent the
catkins of the sallow.
T. Rubricosa, Red Quaker, 3 4, Dock, B., M., Bu., D.,S., Mz., R. Common at Sallows.
T. Instabilis, Clouded Drab, 3 4, Oak, Willow, Sloe. Common everywhere.
T. Populeti, Intermediate, 3 4, Poplar, Aspen, M., H.T. Uncommon, and appears
to be very local.
_ T. Stabilis, Common Quaker, 3 4, Oak, Elm. Common everywhere.
_ T. Gracilis, Powdered Quaker, 3 4, Willow, M., H.T. Uncommon and local.
_ 'T. Miniosa, Blossom Underwing, 3 4, Oak. Very scarce.
-T. Munda, Twin-Spotted Quaker, 3 4, Elm, Aspen, H.T., M. Local and uncommon.
T. Cruda, Small Quaker, 3 4, Oak. Common and widely distributed.
Orthosia Suspecta, Allied Rustic, 7 8, Unknown, Mt., §.B. Local and uncommon.
O. Ypsilon, Dingy Shears, 7, Willow and Poplar, M. Local and uncommon.
_ 0. Lota, Red-Line Quaker, 9 10, Willow. Common and widely distributed.
_ OQ. Macilenta. Yellow-Line Quaker, 910, Beech. Commonand generally distributed.
- Anchocelis Rufina, Flounced Chesnut, 9, Oak. Not so common as the above.
_ A. Litura, Brown-Spot Pinion, 810, Willow, Alder, and various low plants. Com-
A mon and widely distributed.
_ Cerastus Vaccinii, Chesnut, 10 11 2h 3h, Oak and various low plants. Common
’ and widely distributed.
©. Spadicea, Black Chesnut, 10 11 2h sh, Sloe, Hawthorn, Honeysuckle. Common
‘a and widely distributed.
Scopelosoma Satellitia, Large Chesnut, 10 11 2h 3h 4h, Oak, Elm, Beech. Common
and widely distributed.
Xanthia Citrago, Orange Sallow,9, Lime. Local and uncommon.
X. Cerago, Sallow, 9, Sallow and several low plants. Abundant and distributed.
X. Silago, Pink-Barred Sallow, 9, Sallow and several low plants. Abundant and
distributed.
os X. Ferruginea, Brick Coloured Moth, 9,10, Poplar, Willow. Common everywhere.
___ Cirrhoédia Xerampelina, Centre-Barred, 9, Ash, M. Rare.
e Tethea Subtusa, Olive Moth, 7 8, Poplar, B.M. Uncommon.
¥ _Cosmia Trapezina, Dun-bar, 7 8, Oak, Birch. Common and distributed.
_ Dianthecia Carpophaga, Tawny Shears, 6, Bladder Campion, H.T.
___D. Capsincola, Lychnis, 6, Red Campion, White Campion, Mr., Bu., M. Common.
__ D. Cucubali, Campion, 6, Bladder Campion, Mr., M. Local and uncommon.
D. Conspersa, Marbled Coronet, 6 7, Bladder Campion, Ragged Robin, M., H.
Local and uncommon.
*olia Chi, Stone Moth, 8 9, Sow-thistle, Whitethorn, Lettuce, Bu., B., S.B., S., D.
f Very common, at rest.
_ Epunda Nigra, Dusky Nutmeg, 9, Chickweed, Dock, &c., C.M., at sugar. Not
y common.
; Miselia Oxyacanthe, Green-Brindled Crescent, 9 10, Hawthorn, Sloe. Common
everywhere.
Agriopis Aprilina, Marvel-du-Jour, 9 10, Oak. Common everywhere.
34
Phlogophora Meticulosa, Angle-Shades, 6 9 10, numerous low plants. Common
everywhere.
Euplexia Lucipara, Small Angle-Shades, 6 7, numerous low plants. Common
everywhere.
Aplecta Herbida, Green Arches, 6 7, numerous low plants, M.,H.T. Local and
uncommon.
A. Occulta, Great Brocade, 7 8, numerous low plants, M. Local and uncommon.
A. Nebulosa, Grey Arches, 6 7, Whitethorn, Sallow, Birch, Bu., M., C.M., H.T.
Local and uncommon.
Hadena Adusta, Dark Brocade, 6 7, various low plants, M. Local and uncommon.
H. Proteus, Brindle Green, 9, Oak. Common and distributed.
Glauca, Glaucous Shears, 6, Willow, B., Bu., 8.T., C.M. Uncommon, at rest.
Dentina, Common Shears, 6 7, various low plants. Common everywhere.
Suasa, Dog’s Tooth, 6, various low plants, M. Uncommon and local.
. Oleracea, Bright-Line Brown Eye, 6, various low plants. Common everywhere.
Pisi, Broom Moth, 6, Broom, Birch, Fern, &c., Bu., B., M., Mz, C.M, Common.
Thalassina, Pale-Shouldered Brocade, 6 7, Broom, Honeysuckle, &c. Not so
common as the above: distributed.
Contigua, Beautiful Brocade, 6, Hazel, Birch, Oak, M. Rare.
Rectilinea, Saxon, 6, Bilberry, Bramble, Sallow. M. One specimen at Trafford
EE Fe Ee et
Park.
Cloantha Solidaginis, Golden-rod Brindle, 8, Bilberry, S.B., B. Local, probably on
most of our Moors at rest.
Calocampa Vetusta, Red Sword-Grass, 9 10 8h 4h, various meadow and marsh
plants, C.M., M. Comes to sugar and Ivy Blossoms.
C. Exoleta, Sword-Grass, 9 10 3h 4h, various meadow and marsh plants M1., Bo.,
M., C.M.. Comes to sugar and Ivy Blossoms.
Xylina Rhizolitha, Grey Shoulder-Knot, 9 10 3h 4h, Oak, M. Uncommon and local;
may be found at rest, and taken at sugar.
Cucullia Umbratica, Tansy Shark, 6, Common Sow-thistle, Corn Sow-thistle, Bu.,
M., Mr., R. Sometimes found at rest on Palings, &e.
Anarta Myrtilli, Beautiful Yellow Underwing, 5 6 8, Heath, Ca.M., C.M. Appears
to be confined to the Mosses.
Heliodes Arbuti, Small Yellow Underwing, 5 6, Mouse-ear Chickweed. Uncommon
and local.
Brephos Parthenias, Orange Underwing, 3, Birch, Mr. One specimen at Sallow-
loom.
Abrostola Urtieze, Spectacle, 6 7, Nettle, B., Bu., M. Distributed and uncommon.
A. Triplasia, Dark Spectacle, 6 7, Nettle, B., Bu., M. Distributed and uncommon.
Plusia Chrysitis, Burnished Brass, 6 7 8, Nettle, Thistle. Uncommon and distributed.
P. Bractea, Gold Spangle, 7, Hemp-agrimony, M. Local and uncommon.
P. Festucee, Gold Spot, 8 9, Reeds, and other marshy plants, Bu., M., B., C.M.
Local and uncommon.
P. Iota, Golden Y,6 7, Nettle, Groundsel, Honeysuckle, Bu., M., B., C.M., H.T.,
Uncommon.
P. V—Aureum, Beautiful Golden Y, 6 7 Nettle, Groundsel, Honeysuckle. Br., M,
B., C.M., H.T. Local and uncommon.
P. Gamma, Silver Y, 6 7 8 9 10, Nettle, Groundsel, Honeysuckle. Common every-
where.
P. Interrogationis, Scarce silver Y, 6 7, Heath, 8.B. Uncommon, appears to be
the only known locality.
Gonoptera Ly ea Herald, 8 9 3h 4h 5h 6h, Willow. Common and widely dis-
tributed.
Amphipyra Tragopogonis, Mouse, 7 8 9, numerous low plants. Common and widely
distributed.
Mania a Dark Gothic, 6, numerous low plants. Common and widely dis-
tributed.
M. Maura, Old Lady, 7 8, numerous low plants. Common and widely distributed.
Stilbia Anomala, Anomalous, 8 9, Grasses, S.B. Local and uncommon.
85
Catocala Fraxina, Clifden Nonpariel, 8 9, Poplar, Aspen, Ash, B., M., P. Very rare,
the last bene captured near Bolton ; it flew into a cottage, "being attracted by
the light.
Euclidia Mi, Mother Shipton, 6, Clover, and other low plants, M.,C.M. Local, not
uncommon.
B. Glyphica, Burnet Companion, 6, Dutch Clover, M. Uncommon and local.
Phytometra Ainea, Small Purple Barred, 6 7, Milkwort, M. Uncommon and local.
DELTOIDES.
Hypena Proboscidalis, The Snout, 6 7, Nettle, M. Common amongst Nettles. :
Herminia Grisealis, Small Fan-foot, 6 7, Golden Saxifrage,M., H.T. By beating
Hedges.
PYRALIDES.
is Farinalis, Meal Moth, 6 7 8 9, Straw, Corn, &e. Common and distributed
in stables, &c.
sa Pinguinalis, Tabby, 6 7, Feeds on greasy Horse-cloths, &c. Common and
distributed in stables.
Pyrausta Purpuralis, Crimson and Gold, 5 6 7 8, Mint, M. Flying in sunshine.
P. Ostrinalis, Scarce Purple and Gold, 6 7 8, Unknown, M. Flying in sunshine,
Herbula Cespitalis, Straw-barred, 5 6 7 8, Unknown, S.B. Flying in sunshine.
Cataclysta Lemnalis, Small China Mark, 6 7 8, Duckweed. Common at old ponds,
widely distributed.
Paraponyx Stratiotalis, Ringed China Mark, 6 8, Water Aloe, Water Starwort,
M. Very local.
irene Nymphealis, Brown China Mark, 6 7, Water Lily, Pondweed.
Widely distributed, common at ponds.
H. Stagnalis, Beautiful China Mark, 6 7, Pondweed. Widely distributed, common
at ponds.
Botys Pandalis, Bordered Pearl, 6, Unknown, M. Local and scarce.
B. Flavalis, Gold China Mark, 7, Unknown, M. Local and scarce.
B. Hyalinalis Scarce Pearl, 7, Unknown, M. Local and scarce.
B. Verticalis, Mother-of-Pearl, 6 7, Nettle. Rather local, amongst Nettles,
B. Fuscalis, pa es Brindled, 6, Seeds of Yellow Rattle. By beating, common and
distributed.
B. Urticalis, Small Magpie, 6 7, Nettle. Amongst Nettles, common and widely
distributed
Ebulea Crocealis Small Straw China Mark, 7, Common Fleabane, M., H.T. Local,
rather uncommon.
£, Sambucalis, Garden China Mark, 6 7 8, Elder, Bindweed. Common, by beating
amongst food plant.
ionea Forficalis, Garden Pebble, 5 6 7 8, Cabbage, Horse-radish. Common in
gardens.
Spilodes Stricticalis Diamond Spot, 7 8, Sea Wormwood, M. Rare and local.
Scopula Lutealis, Pale Straw, 7 8, Coltsfoot, Knapweed. Generally distributed and
common.
8. Olivalis, White Brindled, 6 7, various low plants. By beating, common and
distributed.
8. Prunalis, Dusky Brindled, 6 7, various low plants, M., H.T. Common.
Ambigualis, Small Brown Bar, 6 7, Moss. At rest on Pine Trees, common.
8. Cembree, Large Grey, 7 8, Unknown. Frequently in brick-yards.
8. Murana, Muranine, 6 7, Moss, G. At rest on rocks.
- Lineola, Line Grey, 8, Lichen on Sloe, M. Very scarce.
8. Mercurella, Small Grey, 7 8, Unknown, M. Local, uncommon.
8, Truncicolella, Traunian, 7 8, Unknown, M. Very local, not scarce.
8. Angi Narrow Grey, § 910 4h, Moss. At rest on walls, uncommon.
8. Pallida, 7 8, C.M. Not abundant.
86
CRAMBITES.
Crambus Pratellus, Dark Inlaid Veneer, 56 7. Abundant, generally distributed.
C. Hamellus, Pearl-streak Veneer, 7. Heaths and Mosses, scarce,
©. Pascuellus, Inlaid Veneer, 6 7, C.M. Amongst heath.
C. Margaritellus, Pearl Veneer, 6. On Mosses, common.
C. Pinetellus, Pearl Veneer, 7 8. Found on Honeysuckle,
C. Perlellus, White Veneer, 7 8, Ca.M.,C.M Uncommon.
C. Warringtonellus, Leaden Veneer, 7 8, C.M. Extremely local.
C. Selasellus, Hiibner’s Veneer, 7 8. Very local, uncommon.
C. Tristellus, Dingy Veneer, 789. Common, widely distributed.
C. Culmellus, Small Straw-yellow Veneer, 6 7. Abundant everywhere
C. Hortuellus, Garden Veneer, 6 7, Moss. Common on Mosses.
ae Forficellus, Aquatic Veneer, 6 7, Reed Meadow Grass. Amongst Reeds
at dusk,
Ephestia Elutella, Narrow Veneer, 6 7, Hazel Nuts, Chocolate, Figs. In Grocer’s
ops.
Phycis Betulella, Three Streaked, 6 7, Birch. Rare and local.
P. Carbonariella, Brown Knot-horn, 6 7. On burnt places on heaths.
Pempelia Palumbella, Mealy Knot-horn, 7 8,C.M. Amongst Birch Bushes.
Rhodophea Tumidella, Warted Knot-horn, 7 8, Oak, C.M. Extremely scarce.
37
LIST OF BIRDS.
In compiling this list of the Birds of our neighbourhood, I have
divided them into three sections; first, the permanent residents ;
second, summer visitors; and last, winter and occasional visitors.
Of the first we have 66 specimens, the second 34, and the third 43,
making a total of 148 out of 850, which are supposed to comprise the
Birds of Great Britain and Ireland. Im addition to the names of
_ persons that appear in the remarks, the Society is much indebted to
¥ the following gentlemen who have contributed largely to the informa-
tion therein contained: Mr. Wright Johnson, of Prestwich; Mr.
- Holland and Mr. J. Turner, of Jumbo, near Middleton; Mr. R.
_ Entwistle, of Bolton; Mr. H. Miller, of Accrington; and Mr. J.
Drake, of Bury, late of Rochdale.
R. DAVENPORT.
PERMANENT RESIDENTS.
Falco salon: Merlin. Not very common, being much hunted for by collectors.
: A beautiful specimen was obtained by Mr. John Drake (a member of our
Society), at Clegg Hall, near Rochdale; others have been taken about Prest-
_ wich, Middleton, and Rawtenstall every year.
*. tinnunculus: Kestril. Common everywhere; breeding at Simpson Clough, and
The Park, Pilkington.
F. nisus: Sparrow Hawk. Not so common as F. tinnunculus; nests have been
c found at The Park, in the year 1870.
is: Long-eared Owl. Several specimens have been taken in this neigh-
bourhood, one at Copy Wood, near Middleton, 1868, another at Pilsworth,
1869. Though designated common, it is far from being so.
O. brachyotus: Short-eared Owl. A very rare bird in this neighbourhood ; one was
, _ taken at Rawtenstall, 1868, another at Pilsworth, 1870.
Strix flammea: Barn, or White Owl. Very plentiful in the country, breeding about
- old buildings, such as Hay Sheds, &c.
_ Turdus viscivorus: Missel Thrush. A very common bird in our wooded districts.
) Spring Side and Simpson Clough are well stocked with them.
____@. musicus: Song Thrush, or Throstle. A very common and always welcome bird ;
= erally found in Gardens where the young may be brought up in safety.
heard one giving forth its melodious notes as early as January 3rd, of the
i, _ Present year (1872) in the garden of Mr. Lomax, Walmersley Road, Bury.
7, merula: Blackbird. Very common, and a great plague to the gardeners,
__ robbing them of a very great deal of fruit.
; Accentor modularis : Hedge Sparrow. A very common bird, laying beautiful blue
__-—seggsand plenty of them. I have heard of instances where eggs have been taken
__,_, from their nests every day till as many as 20 have been obtained from one nest.
8 lvia Rubecula: Robin Redbreast. Very common, as every one knows, ap-
___proaching our dwellings during hard and frosty weather.
SS s. pheenicurus: Redstart. A very shy and retiring bird, keeping away from the
___ habitation of man. It breeds at Simpson Clough, Prestwich, Heaton Park,
‘ and Holcombe.
) 8, tubicola: Stonechat. Used to be plentiful in the neighbourhood of Middleton,
but is now rare,
7,
88
Regulus cristatus: Golden-crested Wren. The nest and eggs of this bird have
been taken at Cockey Moor, as well as Reddish Wood.
Parus major: Great Tit (Oxeye). Common about Prestwich and Heaton Park.
P. ceruleus: Blue Tit. Very common.
P. ater: Cole Tit. Common about Prestwich and Heaton Park.
P. palustris: Marsh Tit. Not so common as the three last. It is found, as its
name implies, about swampy places.
P. caudatus: Longtailed Tit. | Common, breeding plentifully round about Bolton,
and building a nest something of the shape of a round ended soda-water bottle.
Motacilla Yarrellii: Pied Wagtail. A bird that is very common about our meadows
and brooks; ’tis a pleasing sight to watch them in country places running
along the tops of houses in search of food.
M. boarula: Rock Wagtail. Plentiful about Tottington, mostly in the winter
plumage; seemingly it prefers other localities for incubation.
Anthus pratensis: Cheeping, or Tit Lark. A very common bird in this locality,
breeding plentifully, as almost every one knows.
Alauda arvensis: Sky Lark. Very common.
Emberiza miliaria: Common Bunting. Though designated common it is far from
being so. In this neighbourhood, and also about Holcombe and Bolton, the
Yellow Hammer exceeds it by far in point of numbers.
E. schceniclus: Black-headed Bunting. Very common about old pits, breeding very
plentifully about Heap
E. citrinella: Yellow Bunting. The most common of the Bunting family, being
taken in great numbers on stubble fields in winter.
Fringilla ccelebs: Chafiinch, or Pink. This bird derives its latter name from its call
note, “pink, pink,’ often and well imitated by the Great Tit, which thereby
deceives the young fowler and causes its own destruction.
F., montifringilla: Brambling. Not very common, though appearing some winters
in great numbers, locating itself in plantations of Beech Trees, upon the seeds
of which it feeds chiefly whilst here.
F. montana: Tree Sparrow. _ This species breeds but sparingly with us. I have
had the eggs from behind Grant’s Tower, Walmersley, and a few birds are
occasionally shot about Middleton, Simpson Clough, and Prestwich.
F. domestica: House Sparrow. Very common.
F. chloris: Green Linnet. Very common, and much persecuted by gardeners on
account of its liking for seeds, especially mustard. It breeds plentifully.
Linota cannabina: Brown Linnet. Very common in stubble fields in winter;
breeds at Simpson Clough, Prestwich, and Heaton Park generally.
L. linaria: Lesser Redpole, or Grey-bob. This bird breeds but sparingly about
Bury. Its nest has been taken at Cockey Moor Woods, Simpson Clough, and
other such places.
L. montium: Twite. Plentiful in stubble fields and about granaries, but mostly
keeping in flocks in winter. :
Sturnus vulgaris: Starling. Very common, congregating in immense flocks in
autumn and winter.
Corvus corone: Carrion Crow. Very rare, and seldom seen in company with its
species. One was shot by Mr. J. White, at the Bury Reservoir, Radcliffe,
1870, several others about Middleton and Rawtenstall.
C. frugilegus: Rook. There are several rookeries in the neighbourhood of Bury ;
the largest are “ Starkies,’”’ Bamford Hall, and Spring Side.
C. monedula: Jackdaw. It breeds in the steeple of St. Luke’s Church at Heywood,
and the Parish Church, Bury, and among the rooks at Bamford.
C. Pica: Magpie. Very common.
C. glandarius: Jay. This bird was once pretty common about Ringley, but is now
of rare occurrence, except on Chat Moss. It is occasionally shot at Heaton
Park and Middleton.
Picus viridis: Green Woodpecker. Has been known to lay its eggs at Simpson
Clough, but has been robbed of them before incubation has been completed.
SN EE EEE a
.
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af
89
P. major: Great Spotted Woodpecker. Not very plentiful in the immediate neigh-
bourhood of Bury. Several have been obtained at Alkrington, near Middleton,
and also at Bamford Wood.
Certhia familiaris: Creeper. Once plentiful about Gorsey Brow, but now met with
but sparingly.
Troglodytes vulgaris: Wren. Very common almost everywhere.
Alcedo ispida: Kingfisher. A remarkable instance of the tameness of this usually
shy bird occurred last year at the Bury Reservoir. A Mr. White was fishing
there, when a hen Kingfisher came flying up the feeder, and alighted on the
end of his fishing rod, where it stayed some time. It breeds near Spring side
up the river Irwell and at Simpson Clough.
Columba senas; Stock Dove or Wood Pigeon. Breeds at the Park, Pilkington ;
Chat Moss, and Holcombe.
Phasianus Colchicus; Common Pheasant. A foreign bird introduced into this
country, but now quite naturalised.
Lagopus Scoticus: Red Grouse. Breeds on Chat Moss, Holcombe, Blackstone
Edge, and in fact on all our moorlands.
Perdrix cinerea: Partridge. Very common.
Charadrius pluvialis: Golden Plover. Not very plentiful with us; still, a few are
met with every year about Pilsworth and Holcombe.
C. hiaticula: Ringed Plover. This bird is met with every year on the river banks
and reservoirs, both summer and winter.
Vanellus cristatus: Pewit or Lapwing. Very common, breeding freely in our
ploughed fields, and generally depositing its eggs in the impression of a horse's
foot or some such rough place.
Strepsilas interpres: Turnstone. Occasionally shot during stormy weather.
Calidris arenaria: Sanderling. Generally seen in flocks towards October or
November, though specimens have been shot at Bury, Belmont, and other
places in full summer plumage.
Ardea cinerea: Common Heron. A few of these birds are seen at Bury Reservoir
and Belmont almost every month of the year. One, a young bird, was shot at
the ‘‘ Old Charley Lodge,” January, 1870, during the severe frost, taking gold
fish. From the condition of its body it must have been starving.
Numenius arquata: Curlew. Several have been taken in this neighbourhood. It
breeds occasionally on Chat Moss.
Totanus calidris: Redshank. Occasionally shot at Bury Reservoir, Belmont, though
rare. .
Tringa maritima: Purple Sandpiper. A few specimens have been obtained both in
summer and winter, about Hollingworth, and Bury Reservoirs. One at the
latter place so late as December 8th, 1871, shot by Mr. George Holt, of Elton.
oe oo Water rail. Occasionally seen and known to breed at Chamber
Hall, Bury.
“ag OT chloropus: Moorhen or Waterhen. Breeds abundantly about Chamber
all.
Fulica atra: Coot. Frequents old pits, and is occasionally seen at Chamber Hall,
J though rare.
Anser leucopsis: Bernicle Goose. A few specimens are occasionally met with in
this neighbourhood. One was shot on Morris Lodge, Pilsworth, 1868, and
others at Belmont.
Anas boschas: Wild Duck. Frequently shot at Bury reservoir, Springside, and
other places.
A. erecea: Teal Duck. Shot occasionally, but not common.
A. penelope: Wigeon. More plentiful than either Mallard or Teal; gular
Visitor to Belmont and Hollingworth. Beer Uh
Podiceps minor: Little Grebe. Breeds at Chamber Hall, and is occasionally met
with at Bury reservoir ; two were shot there last year (1871).
40
SUMMER VISITANTS.
Falco subbuteo: The Hobby. A very rare birdin this neighbourhood. One shot
at Hollingwood, near Manchester, is now in the possession of Mr. Wright John-
son, Prestwich; another was shot at Bolton, 1870.
Muscicapa grisola: Spotted Flycatcher. A very common and interesting little bird,
breeding freely about Prestwich and Cockey Moor.
M. atricapilla, Pied Flycatcher. A regular visitor to these parts, but not so plenti-
ful as M. grisola.
Cinclus aquaticus; Dipper. A rare bird in this neighbourhood. The eggs have
been found at Simpson Clough, by Mr. A. Wood, of that place; it is plentiful
about Accrington.
Turdus torquatus: Ring Ouzel. Very plentiful on the Moorlands, gathering in
flocks on the approach of winter.
Sylvia rubetra: Whinchat. A very pretty bird, breeding freely about Springside,
. enanthe: Wheat-ear. Common about the old walls and stone quarries on the
Moorlands.
8. phragmitis: Sedge Warbler. Very plentiful about Chamber Hall, and breeds
at Simpson Clough, where it is called “ Mock Nightingale.”
8. locustella: Grasshopper Warbler. Very common about Middleton.
§ atricapilla: Black-cap Warbler. Common in most places, arriving early in May.
8. hortensis: Garden Warbler. A very charming songster, found in orchards
plentifully.
8. cinerea: Common Whitethroat, Very common everywhere.
Ss)
iS)
8
8
mm
. curruca: Lesser Whitethroat. Very rare and bad to find owing to its retreating
habits; it frequents the thickest parts of woods and orchards.
. sibilatrix: Wood Warbler. Not so common as 8. trochilus; found at Prestwich,
Middleton, and other places.
. trochilus: Willow Warbler. Very common everywhere.
. rufa: Chiff-chaff. Very common in woods and orchards.
Motacilla Rayii: Yellow Wagtail. A very beautiful and common bird on our
ploughed fields, on its first arrival, spreading afterwards to the meadows in the
breeding season.
Anthus arboreus: Tree Pipit. A very common bird in summer time, remarkable
for its peculiar flight during song.
Alauda arborea: Wood Lark. A rare bird, breeding sparingly in this neighbour-
hood ; it is found at Heaton Park, Prestwich, and Chatterton, near Oldham.
Carduelis elegans: Goldfinch. A rare bird in its wild state in this neighbourhood.
One was shot at Bradshaw Fold, Middleton Junction, a shor time since, by
Mr. Holland.
Yunx torquilla: Wryneck. A rare bird; never very plentiful. One was shot at
Prestwich, 1871; another at Cockey Moor, in the same year; it was once a
common summer Visitor.
Cuculus canorus: Cuckoo. Very much persecuted by game-keepers for its supposed
destruction of game birds’ eggs. I believe this is a great mistake, as last year
I had the opportunity of examining the craws of several, and could trace
nothing but insect (caterpillar) food therein. Very common, arriving about
the middle of April.
Ht duarias How geen: \ All very common 2 summer time; more useful birds
H. urbica: Sand Martin. } we could not have.
Cypselus apus: Swift. Once very common about Rooden Lane, Prestwich, but now
only of rare occurrence.
Caprimulgus Europoceus: Night-jar. The eggs of this singular bird have been
brought to the Bury Natural History Society from Chat Moss, by Mr. Robert
Kay, and also from the same place by Mr. Robert Tootill. The bird has been shot
both at Birtle, 1868, and Cockey Moor, 1869.
Perdrix Coturnix: Quail. Breeds at Unsworth almost every year, though sparingly.
Charadrius morinellus: Dottrel. Very rare; it has been shot at Blackstone Edge.
Holcombe, and White-moss, near Middleton.
41
Squatorala cinerea: Grey, or Silver Plover. Very rare, mostly keeping to the Sea
Coast. One shot at Pilsworth, 1862; another at Belmont, near Bolton, 1868.
Totanus hypoleucos: Common Sandpiper. Very common.
Tringa variabilis: Dunlin. Very common.
Gallinula crex: Corn Crake. Very common in corn fields and meadows; very
deceptive in its voice, seeming to have the powers of a ventriloquist.
G. porzana: Spotted Crake. Very rare; a couple were shot at Chamber Hall, 1867.
WINTER VISITANTS, AND STRAY, AND OCCASIONAL BIRDS.
Falco haliceetus: Osprey. One was shot at Heaton Park, Prestwich, 1870, and
another at Gigg, near Bury, some time ago.
Buteo lagopus: Rough-legged Buzzard. A very rare bird; one was shot at Lostock
Flats, 1852, by Mr. R. Shaw; another at Blackstone Edge, 1868.
Lanius excubitor: Grey, or Ash-coloured Shrike. A rare bird in this neighbour-
hood; one shot at Nabb Wife, 1869.
L. collurio: Red-backed Shrike. Occasionally shot, but not plentiful; a couple
were shot at Tottington, some time ago, by J. Preston.
L. rutilus: Wood-chat Shrike. One shot at Walton-le-dale, 1870; for the informa-
| tion of which I am indebted Entwistle, of Bolton.
Turdus pilaris: Fieldfare. Very on; coming in October, generally, and
leaving us againin April. ~ *
T. iliacus: Redwing. A companion of the Fieldfare ; coming, going, and associating
with it.
Oriolus galbula: Golden Oriole. A young bird was shot at Cockey Moor, 1868, by
C. Jackson, and another was in its company.
Bombycilla garrula: Waxwing Chatterer. A very fine specimen was shot at Diggle
Hill, Prestwich, 1868, by Mr. Saunders, of Prestwich; others have been met
with at Bolton, Rochdale, Middleton, and other places.
Motacilla alba: White Wagtail. Very rare indeed; one was shot at Bradshaw
fold, April, 1869, and is now in Mr. Holland’s collection, at the same place.
Emberiza nivalis: Snow Bunting. A few of these north-countrymen are taken
every year in the country northwards ; a couple at Walmersley, 1871.
E. Laponica: Lapland Bunting. A specimen of this rare bird was shot some time
ago on White-moss, near Middleton, is now in Mr. Holland's collection.
ingilla spinus: Siskin or Aberdevine. A pair were shot, 1871, at The Park,
ilkington, by Mr. John Bleakley.
xia, Berle: Bullfinch. A rarity in our woods at present, keeping more
south.
LL. eurvirostra: Common Crossbill. Very rare; occasionally shot about Middleton
___and Bolton.
Pastor roseus: Rose-coloured Pastor. One specimen of this rare bird was shot in
_ Denton Lane, Chadderton, near Oldham, 1860.
us corax: The Rayen. One was shot at Rawtenstall some time ago, and isnow
in Mr, Harrison’s collection, of the same place.
©. cornix: Hooded Crow. One shot at Tonge, about 1860; several others have
__ been seen in the neighbourhood.
‘minor: Lesser-spotted Woodpecker. Has been taken several times at Alk-
_ Yrington Hall, and has been known to breed at Simpson Clough.
pupa epops: Hoopoe. A very handsome specimen was shot at Ringley Moss, 1870.
Scolopax rusticola : Woodcock.
Regular winter visitors, coming stronger in some
eee nago: Common Snipe. winters than others.
8. Gallinula: Jack Snipe.
. major: Great, or Solitary Snipe. Very rare; one was shot near Chadderton
__ , Some time ago, and is nowin Mr. Holland’s collection, at Middleton Junction.
Canutus: Knot. An occasional winter visitor, though far from being
__ _ Plentiful.
T. pusilla: Little Stint. Four (probably a nest) of these Grallatores were shot at
Bury Reservoir, 1870, by Mr. Frederick Oates; this is the only instance of
their being taken in this neighbourhood.
42
Crex pusila: Little Crake. Very rare, shot at Bradshaw Fold, 1864, by Mr.
Holland.
Cygnus ferus: Wild Swan. Several made their appearance at Hollingworth, 1869,
out of which two were shot.
Anser ferus: Wild Goose. Occasionally seen and obtained at Belmont, and other
sheets of water.
Fuligula marila: Scaup Duck. One was shot on Morris Lodge, 1870, by Mr. J.
Howe ; others have been taken in the neighbourhood.
Mergus albellus: Smew. A very rare bird indeed. One was shot_at Bury Reser-
voir some time ago, and is now in Mr. Johnson’s collection, at Radcliffe.
Podiceps cristatus: Great Crested Grebe. Very rare; several have been seen at
Chamber Hall, but few taken.
Colymbus glacialis: Great Northern Diver. One was taken some time ago at Bury
Reservoir, and is now in the possession of Mr. Howard, Elton.
Uria grylle: Black Guillemot, A young bird was picked up dead at Summerseat,
by Mr. H. Pickup, of that place.
Sterna Boysii: Sandwich Tern. Has been taken at the Rochdale Canal some time ago.
net ; eat to Several of all three of these Terns are met with every
S. minuta: Lesser Tern. year during stormy weather.
§. nigra: Black Tern. One shot on the River Roach, at Blackford Bridge, 1870,
another at Bury Reservoir, 1871; both birds of the first year.
Larus ridibundus: Brown-headed Gull. Occasionally seen in stormy weather.
L. tridactylus: Kittiwake. The same may be said of this Gull as L. ridibundus.
Thalassidroma pelagica: Stormy petrel. Several have been found dead through
dashing against telegraph poles or wires.
T. Leachii: Fork-tail petrel. Caught alive at Middleton Junction Station, 1858,
flying about a lamp on a foggy night.
~
LIST OF BIRDS BREEDING
IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD.
In preparing a list of the localities in which the Species of Birds
breeding within a radius of 20 miles from this town may be found, I
haye endeavoured, as far as possible, to indicate a centre of the
district in which the birds breed ; and for that purpose I have selected
some town or village, as, for instance,—Manchester (M.), and Hap-
ton (Har.); that town or village representing the centre of a circle
with a radius of 6 miles or thereabouts. Sometimes it intersects the
circle of another district ; for it must be apparent to Naturalists that
most species of Birds (which are of so migratory a character) cannot
be expected to be found in one spot year after year.
Many of the species I have mentioned as breeding in this neigh-
bourhood, do so only at intervals, and some few have only been found
nesting once or twice.
The draining of marsh and waste land, the levelling of woods, and
enclosing of heaths, have no doubt done much to diminish the num-
ber of our birds; though not to the same extent, it is to be feared,
as the reckless destruction of the eggs and young birds by youths ;
which is a practice to be strongly condemned. If a collection of eggs
is wanted as a supplement to one of Birds, a couple of eggs, or even
more, may be taken from the nests of most Birds without causing
them to leave the place ; particularly when incubation has commenced.
The information concerning some of the species has been given me
by friends in the country,—as farmers, game-keepers, &c., who have
had opportunities of noting them.
In my list, B. Edge stands for Blackstone Edge; Bu., Bury; B.,
Bolton ; Has., Haslingden; Hav., Hapton; Hou; Houghton ; M.,
Manchester ; T., Turton ; W., Whalley; n.m., Materials of which the
nests are formed.
J. H. WOOD.
~ ———— —
Falco salon, Merlin, W., B. Edge, Rowley Moor, Dry parts of moors on ground.
n.m., Heather, lined with dry grass. Very rare, one nest on Rowley Moor in
1855.
Falco tinnunculus, Kestril, Bu., B., W., Tops of tall trees, and in old magpie nests.
nm., Twigs and dry leaves. Generally diffused, though not common.
Falco nisus, Sparrowhawk, Bvu., B., M., in thick trees, sometimes near ground.
nm., Large nest of twigs and dry grass. Much scarcer than Kestril.
Strix flammea, Barn or White Owl, Bu., M., W., Old ruins or Church towers. 7..,
Slight nest of sticks, and debris of its prey. Rare around here ; nests at Stand,
and Radcliffe, in 1871.
Lanius collurio, Redbacked Shrike, Har., Hov., Tall hedge or young tree. 2.m.,
Large nest of twigs, roots, and wool. Only an occasional visitant,
44
Muscicapa grisola, Spotted Flycatcher, Bu., &c., End of haystack, in old wall, or
low tree. #.m., Roots, dry grass, wool, and feathers. Rather numerous in
nesting season.
M. atricapilla, Pied Flycatcher, W., M., In holes in trees. %.m., Dry grass, wool,
and feathers. Very rare, one seen in June, 1868, at Redvales.
Cinclus aquaticus, Dipper, Bu., W., &c., Under bridges, and on sides of stones near
streams. 1.m., Large nest like Wren’s, of moss and leaves. Shy in breeding
season, and nest very difficult to find.
Turdus viscivorus, Missel Thrush, Bv., &c., On trees in orchards and woods. m.,
Large nest of dry grass, and twigs. Nests easily found and often robbed.
T. musicus, Song Thrush, Bu., &c., In fences, hollies, or young trees. .m., Dry
grass and moss, with lining of mud and cowdung, worked smooth, and when
dry quite watertight.
T. merula, Blackbird, Bu., &c., On the side of steep banks, under tree roots, in stacks
of timber, and sometimes in fences and young trees. .m.—Dry grass and
roots, then a layer of mud, with lining of finer grass and roots. Commonest in
orchards and gardens.
T. torquatus, Ring Ouzel, Bu., T., Has., On ground on moors, in quarries, stone
walls, &c. ».m.—Large nest of twigs, heather, mud, moss, and sheep's wool.
Local, confined to particular moors.
Accentor modularis, Hedge Sparrow, Bu., &c., In thick hedges, sometimes close to
the ground. #.m.—Twigs, moss, and hair. Nests most frequently in gardens.
Sylvia Rubecula, Robin Redbreast, Bu., &c., On sides of hedge bankings. .m.—
Dry leaves and grass, hair, and fine roots.
S. pheenicurus, Redstart, Bu., T., W., Holes in rocks, trees, or buildings, tim-
ber stacks, under tree roots, &c. .m.—Moss, dead leaves, hair, feathers, and
small fibres. Nests often inaccessible, and rarely robbed.
Saxicola rubicola, Stonechat, Bu., T., Has., In heather on hill sides, under furze
bushes, on hedge sides. .m.—Roots, grass, hair, sheep’s wool, and feathers.
Nests bad to find, the birds will decoy intruders away.
S, rubetra, Whinchat, Bu., &c., Under furze bushes, on hedge sides, on ground in
meadows. #.m.—Dry grass, with lining of finer grass. Nests throughout
South Lancashire.
S. cnanthe, Wheatear, Bu., T., Has., B., In stone walls, stone quarries, dry drains,
old rabbit burrows. .m.—Scanty nest of dry grass. Nests bad to find, the
birds will decoy intruders successfully away.
Sylvia locustella, Grasshopper Warbler, Bu., M., At the bottom of thick underwood
in woods, commons, &. .m.—Grassand moss. Nests rarely found, though
the birds may be often heard and seen.
§. phragmitis, Sedge Warbler, Bu., &c., In bushes on banks of pits and brooks.
n.m.—Roots, long stems of grass, and moss. Breeds plentifully in the southern
and western parts of district.
S. arundinacea, Reed Warbler, Bu., Har., Amongst reeds on banks of rivers. .m.
—Deep nests of reeds and grasses. Very rarely nests in the north.
8. atricapilla, Black-cap Warbler, M., W., Brambles or tall herbage. _.m.— Loose
nest of roots and grass. Very seldom nests in the neighbourhood.
§. hortensis, Garden Warbler, M., In herbage on banks in woods and orchards.
n.m.—Loose nest of roots, grass, and fibres. Not common in breeding season ;
more so in south.
§. cinerea, Whitethroat, Bu., &c., In thickets or herbage near the ground. 2.m.—
Flattish nest of long stems of grass and hair. Common in the southern and
western parts of district.
8. Curruca, Lesser Whitethroat, M., Herbage on ground or hedgerows. .m.—
Grasses and hair. Very seldom breeds.
S. sylvicola, Wood Warbler, Bu., &c., On the ground in woods. 2.m—Domed
nest of moss, hair, and feathers. Nests where tall trees abound.
8. trochilus, Willow Wren, Bv., &c. On the ground or the bankings of hedges. .m.,
Dry grass, lined with a profusion of feathers; the nest is entered from the side,
Very plentifully distributed in breeding season,
45
8. rufa, Chiff-chaff, Bu., &c., Amongst tangled brushwood on the ground. .m.—
Dry grass and moss, lining of feathers, the nest, like the preceding, entered
from the side. Not so common as preceding, frequenting wooded districts
more than it.
_ §. cristatus, Golden Crested Wren, Bu., Har., M., In fir and yew trees near the
ground, generally on env of branch. .m.—Moss, hair, and feathers ; very like
a diminutive Chaffinch’s nest. A species much reduced in the immediate
neighbourhood.
Parus major, Great Tit, Bu.,M., Hole in tree or stump, sometimes old Magpie or
other nest. .m.—T wigs, moss, feathers, wool, Nests in thick woods; only
one pair in a wood. Very pugnacious.
P. cxruleus, Blue Tit, Bu., M., &c., Hole in tree or stone wall. 2.m.—moss, wool
n feathers, hair. Plantifully distributed. ‘
P. ater, Cole Tit, Bu., M., Has., Hap., Hole in tree, very often in the roots of
large trees, when laid bare by a slip of land. _.m.—Dry grass, wool, hair.
feathers. Notcommon. Haunts extensive woods. .
_P. palustris, Marsh Tit, Bu., Hav., In cracks in the bark of old willows, or in
{ tops of pollarded trees. .m.—Dry grass, down of willows and feathers.
Least numerous of the Tits, breeds in swampy parts of thick woods.
_ P. caudatus, Longtailed Tit, Har., M., Bu., Tall hollies, or other thick trees in
hedgerows. .m—Large nest of moss and feathers, bottle-shaped. Scarce
in the immediate neighbourhood.
Motacilla Yarrellii, Pied Wagtail, Bvu., M., On the rocky or steep banks of rivers.
Found a nest in 1870, on a fishing boat moored in the river Wyre. n.m.—Dry
grass and hair. Numerous wherever there is water.
‘Mz. boarula, Grey Wagtail, Bu., Hap., on steep banks of rivers, sometimes
a ona drier part of a swamp. .m.—Dry Grass and Hair. Not often here in
breeding season, commoner further north.
_M. flava, Grey-headed Wagtail, Bu., on the ground in a meadow near river
or stream. .m.—Dry grass and hair. Only one nest, found in Walmersley.
M. Rayii, Ray’s or Yellow Wagtail, Bu.,M., &., on the ground in a meadow or
corn field, sometimes a long way from water. n.m—Beautiful nest of dry
__grass and horse hair. Breeds in abundance close to the town.
_Anthus arboreus, Tree Pipit, Bu., M., &c., on sloping banks in woods, often amongst
thick herbage. .m.—Dry Grass and a few hairs. Commonestin open woods
and parks. ; oA
A. pratensis, Meadow Pipit, Bu., &c., on ground on moors or meadows.
__ nm.—Dry grass.
Alauda arvensis, Sky Lark, Bu., &c., on ground on moors or meadews. n.m—Deep
nest of dry grass.
oe arborea, Wood Lark, Har., W,, on ground in woods. n.m.—Deep nest of
_. Drygrass. Scarce in immediate neighbourhood, preferring extensive woods.
_ A. cristata, Crested Lark, Bu., on ground in open pasture field. n.m.— Deep
_ nest of fine dry grass. One nest found in Pilsworth, 1869.
Imberiza miliaria, Common Bunting, Bv., M., in low bushes on outskirts of woods,
often in hedge rows. .m.—Large loose nest of long stems of grass, lined with
_ fine fibres. Only breeds where the land is well cultivated, and then only when
grain is plentiful. ;
citrinella, Yellow Bunting, Bu., &c., in low fences or trees, sometimes on
‘ound amongst thick herbage. .m.—Loose nest of dry grass lined with fibres
Prefers a farming locality.
KE. sheniculus, Black-headed Bunting, Bv., &c., amongst thick rush beds
near streams and ponds. 2.m.—Dry grass and rush stems lined with hair.
_ ©ommon where the land is undrained and rushes are plentiful.
E. cirlus, Cirl Bunting, Bu., W., Har., in kedge rows or young trees.
“J
_, Dry grass, fibres, and hair. Seldom breeds, though no doubt often ovediiokad:
Fringilla coelebs, Chaffinch, Bu., &c., in tall hedgerows and trees. ».m.—Beauti
nest of moss, hair, and feathers, * made to imitate an dantcsdhite of the Mot oe
l whatever the nest is built upon Common in orchards and plantations.
46
F. montana, Tree Sparrow, Bu., Hap., in holes in tall trees, generally a great height
from the ground. 2.m.—Dry grass, feathers, and wool, enough may often be
taken out to fill a man’s hat. Breeds here very seldom; two nests near Totting-
ton in 1868.
F. domestica, House Sparrow, Bu., &c., in holes in buildings, &c., sometimes makes
large nests in trees. ..—Dry grass, feathers, and wool, in abundance.
F. chloris, Greenfinch, Bu., in hedgerows. .m.—Twigs, roots, moss, wool, and
feathers. Breeds mostly where orchards and gardens are plentiful, commoner
the farther we go away.
F. carduelis, Goldfinch, M., W., in tall hedgerows or young trees. #.m.—Twigs,
roots, moss, feathers, and the down of willows, one nest found at Lytham lined
with Pheasants’ feathers. Almost extinct in this neighbourhood.
F. linota, Linnet, Bu., M., W., 'I., in low bushes, almost invariably gorse bushes.
ai Bas a dry grass, wool, and hair. Prefers an open broken country
0 breed inc,
F. linaria, Lesser Redpole, Bu., M., Hap., in tall hedgerows or young trees. 2.1.—
Dry grass and roots, lined with willow down. Much reduced in this district.
F, montium, Twite or Mountain Linnet, Bu., &., under shelter of a tuft of heather on
high meors. .m.—Roots and stalks of heath, dry grass, wool, hair, and
feathers. Breeds numerously on most of the moors around here.
Loxia pyrrhula, Bullfinch, W., Hap., M.,in a young tree or bush, rather close to
the ground. .m.—Nest very like ring-doves of slender twigs laid platform
shape, lining of finer twigs and roots. Very rare in immediate neighbourhood,
rather numerous in parts of North Lancashire; nest at Holcombe in 1869
L. curvirostra, Crossbill, Bu., in tall fir trees close to the top. #.2.—Flattish
nest of twigs, roots, dry grass, and hair-like roots fora lining. One nest found
at Cockey Moor Wood in 1865, the only known instance in the district.
Sturnus vulgaris, Starling, Bu., &c., in holes in old buildings, rotten trees, clefts of
rocks, &c. 2.m—Large nest of dry grass, straw, wool and feathers. Will
sometimes breedin colonies, as at Hapton, where several hundred pairs breed
in a honey-combed cliff.
Corvus corone, Carrion Crow, Bu., Har., B., M., on the topmost branches of tall trees
in unfrequented places. .m.—Large nest of twigs and dry grass. Not com-
mon, but occurs more frequently on the northern side of the town. Known to
nest in Walmersley.
C. frugilegus, Rook, Bu., &c., in colonies of sometimes a hundred or more in tall
trees. .m.—Twigs and dry grass. Numerous enough in this district.
C. monedula, Jackdaw, Bu., M.,'Hap., W., in small colonies, in old church towers
and ruins, and hollow trees. .m.—Sticks, roots, dry grass, and sometimes
sheep’s wool. More numerous about 10 miles to the north.
C. Pica, Magpie, Bu., &c., on the tops of trees, most often in woods. .m.—Large
domed nest of dry twigs, mud, and roots.
C. glandarius, Jay, M., W., in trees in thick woods. .m.—Sticks and dry grass ~
lined with fine roots. Would be much commoner if not persecuted by keepers.
Picus viridis, Green Woodpecker, near B. Edge, M., W., in holes in trees. ”.m.—
No nest, eggs laid on dust of tree. Very rare in this neighbourhood.
P. major, Great Spotted Woodpecker, M., W., in holes in trees. .m.—No nest,
eggs laid on dust of tree. Very rarely nests around here, though the preceding
species and even this have been known to breed at Chesham some years ago.
Yunx torquilla, Wryneck, M., W., in holes in trees. ».m.—Nonest. Very rare
and only occurs at wide intervals.
Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow, Bu., &c., on rafters in barns and outhouses, some-
times on cornices of doors and windows. .m.—Mud, dry grass, and lining of
feathers. Breeds mostly in the country away from town.
H. urbica, House Martin, Bu., &c., under cornices and eaves of windows, &c.
Semi-circular nest of mud, and lining of feathers. Commonest in the town.
H. riparia, Sand Martin, Bu., &c., In holes in sandbanks, made by the bird itself,
near a water. .m.—Slight nest of dry grass and feathers. Breeds in colonies
mostly.
es
47
Oypselus apus, Swift, Bu., B., W., M., in holes in old buildings, and under slated
~~ roofs. .m.—When a nest is made it is constructed of dry grass glued together
by a natural secretion of the bird, often no nest when the stones of the building
are ‘‘crumbly.” Seldom nests in immediate neighbourhood, A pair bred on
one of the warehouses of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Station for four
successive seasons, terminating in 1868.
Caprimulgus Europeus, Night-jar, Fern-Owl, or Goatsucker, ©. Moss., near M., Bu.,
W.., 8B., B. Edge, on ground amongst heather or dead grass. _».m.—Slight nest
of dry grass and leaves. Has been known to breed at Birtle and at Cockey
Moor.
Troglodytes vulgaris, Wren, Bu., &c., in thick fences, roots of old trees, under
copings of walls, &c. .m.—Large circular nest of moss, leaves, and roots,
lined with feathers. Sometimes two or three nests will be built and left un-
tenanted.
Sitta Europa, Nuthatch, Bu., W., in holes in trees, invariably in thick woods and
orchards. .m.—Dead leaves, moss, and bark, aperture plastered up with mud
when too large. Very rare. One nest at Chesham several years ago.
Certhia familiaris, Creeper, Bu., M., &c., in a hollow tree, or in a crack of the bark
of an old willow tree. .m.—Dry grass, small twigs, and feathers. Breeds
sparingly throughout the district. Ye :
Cuculus canorus, Cuckoo, Bu., &c., makes no nest, laying its eggs in the nest of
some other bird, as the meadow pipit, hedge-sparrow, and wagtail.
Alcedo ispida, Kingfisher, Bu., M., B., &c., in holes in banks near water. 2.m.—
Platform of fishes’ bones, and other deposits. Generally distributed.
Columba palumbus, Ring Dove, M., Hap., nr. B. Edge, in trees. .m.—Flat nest
of twigs laid crosswise. Never breeds in immediate neighbourhood.
C. wnas, Stock Dove, in parts of North Lancashire, in holes in tree trunks. ».m.—
Slight nest of dry grass. Very rare—has been known to nest in the neigh-
bourhood of Blackstone Edge.
C. turtur, Turtle Dove, naturalised in parts of the district, in M., &c. .m.—In trees
- inwoods. Flat nest of twigs.
Phasianus colchicus, Pheasant, W., Har., Belmont, amongst thick herbage on
ground. Nest formed out of the grass surrounding the situation.
Tetrao scoticus, Red Grouse, parts of Cheshire, on the moors throughout the district,
large nest amongst the heath of grass, heather, &. Breeds very numerously
i. on Blackstone Edge.
_ Perdrix cinerea, Partridge, Bu., &c., on the banks of hedges under the thorns,
___ amongst corn, grass, &c.. .m.—Scarcely any nest beyond a deep depression
inthe ground. Eggs invariably covered over with dead leaves when the birds
_ leave the nests.
a P. coturnix, Quail, Bu., &c., on the ground in corn fields and meadows. 2.m.—No
< nest, a cavity being scratched in the earth. Has bred in many parts of the
district, but not often annually.
Charadrius pluvialis, Golden Plover, B. Edge, Pendle Hill, on the ground on moors.
Scarcely any nest.
Vanellus cristatus, Lapwing, Bu., &c., on the ground on moors, pasture fields, corn
fields, &c. .m.—Slight nest of dry grass. Breeds abundantly about 12 miles
: to the north of Bury, and commonly throughout the district.
_ Totanus hypoleucos, Common Sandpiper, Bu., M., B., on the ground close toa
river or pond, amongst herbage. .m.—Slight nest of dry grass and leaves.
Rather numerous in several parts of the district.
Scolopax gallinago. Common Snipe, Bu., B., W., &c., on the ground under
shelter of a tuft of rushes or grass. .m.—Slight nest of dry grass in a deep
depression. Breeds annually on all the surrounding moors, sometimes quite
close to the town.
Tringa variabilis, Dunlin, C.Moss, on the ground on bogs or moors near the sea.
n.m.—Slight nest of dry grass. Has been known to breed on Chat Moss, and
supposed to have bred on the moors near here,
48
Gallinula crex, Land Rail, Bu., &c., on the ground in meadows, corn fields, &c.
n.m.—Nest of dry grass. Though not so common as formerly, it is still far
from rare.
Rallus aquaticus, Water Rail, Bu., on the swampy sides of streams and ponds.
n.m.—Large nest of flags and reeds. Rarely breeds in the neighbourhood, eggs
have been found at Chamber Hall.
Gallinula chloropus, Moorhen, Bu., &c., amongst reeds on sides of ponds, sometimes
floating on the water itself and attached toa tree root. .m.—Large nest of
sete Breeds commonly in many localities around here, notably at Chamber
Hall. ‘
Fulica atra, Coot, Bu., &c., in thick reed beds close to water. 2.m.—Large compact
nest of reeds. Formerly bred in places in the district, now almost extinct.
Gallinula porzana, Spotted Crake, Bu., in thick grass near water. n.m.—Large
nest of reeds and rushes. One nest only has been found in this neighbourhood.
Anser Canadensis, Cravat Goose, Cheshire, on the ground near water. .m.—Dry
grass. This bird is naturalised and breeds abundantly in Cheshire.
Anas boschas, Wild Duck, B., W., B. Edge, on the ground near water, sometimes
on moors. #.m.—Dry grass and leaves. This species breeds numerously on
the banks of the large reservoirs near Winter Hill.
Podiceps minor, Little Grebe, Bu., &c., on the surface of the water in ponds, &c.,
and kept from floating loose by interweaving amongst the reeds, &c. .m.—
Large nest of flags, &c. Breeds generally throughout the district and annually
at Chamber Hall.
49
APPENDIX.
Rather than entirely pass over those other divisions of the
¥ Animal Kingdom which are represented in our neighbourhood, we
have drawn up the following very imperfect list of Mollusca, Pisces,
F Reptilia, and Mammalia, of which we have seen specimens excepting
in a few cases when the contrary is stated.
p
.*
MOLLUSCA.
‘The land shells—unless it be the minute ones which are to be
found under stones, and in similar situations—are comparatively
searce, but the water shells are to be found in great abundance in
most of our ponds, ditches, and water courses. We are indebted to
Mr. Samuel Alcock for pointing out the rarest in the subjoined list.
¥ FRESH WATER SHELLS.
; ConcHIFERA—BIVALVES.
_ yclas cornea, Common. Unsworth.
©. rivicola. Peak Forest Canal, near Hyde.
Pisidium pusillum. Common. Broadcar, near Bury.
Anodonta cygnea. Hollins Vale. Hudcar.
issena polymorpha. Peak Forest Canal, near Hyde.
GasTEROPODA— UNIVALVES.
Paludina contecta. Peak Forest Canal, near Hyde. A number of’ these shells
Sao ea in ponds near Bury some years ago, but have not since been
of.
Bythinia tentaculata. Peak Forest Canal, near Hyde.
Planorbis albus. Highfield, near Bredbury.
P. complanatus. Unsworth.
_ Physahypnorum. Bredbury.
f _ Limnza peregra. Very common: may be found even in Barnbrook, Bury.
_ L. stagnalis. Common. Openshaw fold particularly abundant and fine.
_ L. fruncatula. Pond near Radcliffe.
- LAND SHELLS.
_ Suecinea putris. Woodley.
_ Helix nemoralis. Not very common about Bury.
__ Clausilia nigricans. Marple.
©. bidens. Disley.
Carychium minimum. Marple.
PISCES.
As is usually the case with large towns having small rivers, the
_ State of the rivers and most of the small streams of Bury and its neigh-
m bourhood is unfavourable for fish; yet the Irwell still contains some,
_ though neither in great number nor variety. We have seen a quantity
ay, of Gudgeons, Minnows, and Loaches from below Bury Bridge, and have
_ tried them cooked, but they had a decided flavour of gas-tar. Most old
- inhabitants can tell of the fishing there used to be in the river. We
we heard of a man from Heywood who made his living some years
s 0 by catching Eels, and selling them, and that his favourite piece of
Water was about Bury Bridge, and how that angling matches were
formerly held at Chest- Wheel Bridge, near Woodroad ; but so far as
50
we can gather the last of these must have come off 60 or 70 years
ago, for our informant is advanced in years and it was when he was
a lad that his grandfather shewed him the place, and spoke of the
institution as a thing of the past.
It is worthy of remark that though there are but few fish in the
Irwell, they thrive well in the canal reservoir, which receives its
supply of water from the river by means of an open channel, a couple
of miles long. It is probable that any considerable saving of the
waste materials of towns, which at present flow into the rivers, would
allow the existence of a number of species of fish, which cannot now
live in them, and motives of economy together with care for the
public health, seem to be steadily moving public opinion in the
direction of river purification. It must however still be a long time
before either the Irwell or the Roach is a good trout stream.
The numerous reservoirs that have been constructed for various
purposes usually contain a great quantity of fish. Those provided
for the supply of domestic wants and several others in which the
water is scarcely less pure have Trout, and often of considerable size,
while Perch, Tench, and Pike are common in many other reservoirs.
Factory reservoirs in which the water is usually warm, are nearly all
stocked with different sorts of Carp, and such situations seem to suit
them for they breed enormously.
AcantHorreryrGi. Spiny Fins.
Perca fluviatilis. The Perch. Common, but seldom exceeding Soz. in weight.
Cottus gobio. The Bullhead. May be found in several streams, but not much
sought for.
Gasterosteus semiarmatus. The common Stickleback, or Jack Sharp. Very
common.
Matacorterren. Sort Fis.
Cyprinus carpis. Common Carp. Scarce, but to be met with in some mill reservoirs
of large size. We have weighed one 8lbs., and have heard of others 10lbs.
and over.
CG. carassius. Prussian Carp. Very common in factory reservoirs, and not unfre-
quently 2 lbs. to 3 Ibs. in weight.
C. gibelio. Not common, but in reservoirs occasionally.
CG. auratus. Goldfish. Very frequent in factory reservoirs, in endless variety of
colour, deformity, and disease.
Gobio fluviatilis. Gudgeon. Common.
Tinca vulgaris. Tench. Common in reservoirs, and frequently met with from
131bs. to 2lbs. weight.
Leuciscus rutilus. Roach. Common. It has been taken 1lb. weight from a reser-
voir, but we do not recollect weighing a heavier specimen. .
L. vulgaris. Dace. Common; small.
L. cephalus. Chub. Not uncommonly stored in ponds in the neighbourhood of
Hyde. It was formerly abundant in Gatley Carrs both in the Mersey and its
tributaries, and was commonly stored in ponds in that neighbourhood.
L. phoxinus. Minnow. Common; the Irwell, Ogden Valley, &c.
Cobitis barbatula. Loach. Common.
Esox lucius. Pike. Common, and large in proportion to the amount of its food.
One was caught last year in the Bury canal reservoir, by Mr. J. Hall, 124lbs.
weight ; its skin was preserved by Mr. Rd. Davenport.
Salmo fario. Brook Trout. Commion in all our unpolluted streams. In some
reservoirs they have been taken as large as 6lbs. weight.
a
51
- Muroena anguilla. Ecl. Commonly stored in reservoirs, young ones being
be a: frequently brought from near Preston, not much larger than a bodkin. They
grow rapidly and frequently become 2lbs. to 3lbs. weight, in a few years.
P CuronpropreryGli. Cartimacinous Fisues.
Petromyzon planerii. Small River Lamprey, or Seven-eyes. Common. Gigg
brook, Pilsworth.
REPTILIA.
The reptiles of the district are not very numerous. The common
green snake has frequently been reported to have been captured at
Cockey Moor, but we have no authentic information that a native
__ specimen has ever been seen there. There have been some taken and
exhibited, but they were clearly shewn to have been imported from a
distance, and to have been mere tricks on the public. We therefore
remain incredulous as to the existence of bona jide Cockey Moor
snakes.
Zootoca vivipara. Common Lizard. Common on fences and mosses.
Auguis fragilis. Blindworm. Rare. Rooden Lane, Blackley, near Prestwich.
Pelius Berus. Viper. Common on Chat Moss and Carrington Moss.
Rana temporaria. Common Frog. Common.
Bufo vulgaris. Toad. Common.
Triton cristatus. Warty Newt. Common in old pits.
Lissotriton punctatus. Smooth Newt. Not so common as the last.
MAMMALIA.
Among the Mammalia we believe that the Water Shrew (Sorex
fodicus) might be numbered as belonging to our district, as we have
it reported from some localities, but we have not seen a specimen.
We may add that the Otter (Lutra vulgaris) formerly bred at Castle
Mill, on the Bollin, and one was caught at Northenden about 40 years
ago, which our informant saw. It is said to be still found on the
Bollin, but we have no certain information.
: Plecotus auritus. Long-eared Bat. Simpson Clough and The Park, Pilkington.
Scotophilus murinus. Common Bat. Very common.
Exinaceus Europewus. Hedgehog. Not very common near Bury, but very abun-
dant in Cheshire, as at Gatley.
Talpa vulgaris. Mole. Very plentiful.
Sorex araneus. Common Shrew. Common.
Mustella vulgaris. Weasel. Common.
M. Erminea. Stoat. Common.
_ Mz. Putorius. Polecat or Foumart. Common.
Vulpes vulgaris. Fox. On the borders of Cheshire, within 20 miles of Bury, not
c uncommon.
_ Sciurus vulgaris. Common or Red Squirrel. Abundant at Dunham Park.
_ Mus sylvaticus. Long-tailed Field Mouse. Common.
M. decumanus. Brown Rat. Common.
M. musculus. Domestic Mouse. Everywhere.
_ Arvicola amphibius. Water Vole. Rivers Irwell and Roach, and also mill dams
__ at Hudear.
Lepus timidus. Common Hare. Very common.
L.cuniculus. Rabbit. Very common.
Apts
ERRATA.
Page 16, 10th line from the bottom, for ‘‘ procumbeus,” read ‘‘ procumbens.”
P. 17, 11th line from the top, for ‘‘ auserina,” read ‘‘ anserina.”
P. 19, 13th line from the bottom, for ‘‘ Odontiltes,” read ‘*‘ Odontites.”
P. 29, 13th line from the top, for ‘* Succentiuréata,” read ‘‘ Succenturiata.”
P. 31, omit “‘Noctue” at the top of the page, and insert it above “Thyatira
Derasa.”
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